hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silvano Donati
Silvano Donati is a professor emeritus at the University of Pavia, where he has been a Full
Professor for 30 years and created the university's Electro-Optical Engineering Group. He was born in Milano, Italy, 19 August 1942, and is a scientist in the field of photonics.

SPIE
SPIE (formerly the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers, later the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers) is an international not-for-profit professional society for optics and photonics technology, founded in 1955. It organizes technical conferences, trade exhibitions, and continuing education programs for researchers and developers in the light-based fields of physics, including: optics, photonics, and imaging engineering.  The society publishes peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference proceedings, monographs, tutorial texts, field guides, and reference volumes in print and online. SPIE is especially well-known for Photonics West, one of the laser and photonics industry's largest combined conferences and tradeshows which is held annually in San Francisco.  SPIE also participates as partners in leading educational initiatives, and in 2020, for example, provided more than $5.8 million in support of optics education and outreach programs around the world.
Hilmarton
Hilmarton is a village and civil parish in North Wiltshire, in the west of England. The village lies on the A3102 between the towns of Calne and Wootton Bassett, and 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Lyneham. The parish includes the village of Goatacre and the hamlets of Catcomb, Clevancy, Highway and New Zealand.

Cowage Brook, a tributary of the River Marden, crosses the parish in a southwesterly direction and forms part of its western boundary.

River Marden
The River Marden is a small tributary of the River Avon in England. It flows from the hills surrounding Calne and meets the Avon about a mile upstream of Chippenham. The river has a mean flow of 43 cubic feet per second (1.2 m3/s).
Buellia disciformis
Buellia disciformis, the boreal button lichen, is a thin, bluish to pale gray rimose to areolate crustose lichen that grows on bark (rarely also on wood) in temperate forests in the northern USA and Europe, and at high altitudes in Arizona, down to 500 metres (1,600 ft) in coastal  areas of California.: 230 
 Flat apothecia with black discs are .2-.7 mm in diameter and sessile (neither raised or immersed in the thallus), with noticeable lecideine margins.: 230  Lichen spot tests are negative except for K+ yellow.: 230  Secondary metabolites include atranorin, fulgidin, and sometimes traces of fulgoicin and norfulgoicin. B. erubescens is similar and more often found on wood than the bark loving B. disciformis, and has smaller spores.: 230

Rimose
Rimose is an adjective used to describe a surface that is cracked or fissured.

The term is often used in describing crustose lichens. A rimose surface of a lichen is sometimes contrasted to the surface being areolate. Areolate is an extreme form of being rimose, where the cracks or fissures are so deep that they create island-like pieces called areoles, which look the "islands" of mud on the surface of a dry lake bed. Rimose and areolate are contrasted with being verrucose, or "warty". Verrucose surfaces have warty bumps which are distinct, but not separated by cracks.

In mycology the term describes mushrooms whose caps crack in a radial pattern, as commonly found in the genera Inocybe and Inosperma.
2016 Horizon League women's soccer tournament
The 2016 Horizon League women's soccer tournament is the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Horizon League. It was held from October 31 to November 5, 2016. The five match tournament will be held at campus sites, with the semifinals and final held at Engelmann Stadium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The six team single-elimination tournament will consist of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Oakland Golden Grizzlies are the defending tournament champions after defeating the Wright State Raiders in the championship match.

Horizon League
The Horizon League is a collegiate athletic conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Headquartered in Indianapolis, the league's eleven member schools are located in and near the Great Lakes region and in part of the Southern United States.

The Horizon League founded in 1979 as the Midwestern City Conference. The conference changed its name to Midwestern Collegiate Conference in 1985 and then the Horizon League in 2001. The conference started with a membership of six teams and has fluctuated in size with 24 different schools as members at different times. The league currently has 11 members.

The Horizon League currently sponsors 19 sports and is a non-football conference.
Zaâma d'Banlieue
Zaâma d'Banlieue was a female-led collective for immigrant youth in the suburbs of Lyon, France which existed between 1979 and 1984. The four founding leaders were Djida Tazdaït (born in 1957), Tim (born in 1959), Nadia (born in 1960) et Farida (born in 1954), and were all either of Algerian origin or nationality and lived in Lyon's suburbs. Zaâma d'Banlieue became officially registered under the acronym the "Youth Expression Association" (Association expression jeunes immigrés) on 19 October 1982.

Zaâma d'Banlieue denounced police abuse and violence and was engaged in feminism within the family and social circles. Zaâma d'Banlieue aimed to spark self-organization among youth within Lyon's suburbs.

The collective was dissolved during the 'National Conferences of Youth Associations of Immigrant Origins' (Assises nationales des associations de jeunes issus de l'immigration) between 9 and 11 June 1984 in Villeurbanne and Vaulx-en-Velin.

La Croix-Rousse
La Croix-Rousse (French: [la kʁwa ʁus] ⓘ) is a hill 254 metres (833 ft) high in the city of Lyon, France, as well as the name of a neighborhood located on this hill. The neighborhood is divided into les pentes (slopes, belonging to the city's 1st arrondissement) and le plateau (atop the hill, part of the 4th arrondissement). This zone is served by Lyon Metro Line C. With 18th century architecture, including unique dwellings for labourers, La Croix-Rousse was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998 (along with other districts in Lyon) to protect Lyon's long history as an important European city.
Rampur Jamuwa
Rampur Jamuwa  is a market center and town in Sambhunath Municipality in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. The formerly VDC was merged along with Khoksar Parbaha, Sambhunath, Mohanpur, Bhangha and Basbalpur village development committee new municipality was formed on 18 May 2014.  At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3158 people living in 559 individual households.

Sagarmatha Zone
Sagarmāthā Zone (Nepali: सगरमाथा अञ्चल, [sʌgʌrmatʰa ʌnt͡sʌl] ⓘ "Sagarmāthā Anchal") was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones into provinces. The headquarters of Sagarmatha is Rajbiraj. Sagarmāthā is a Nepali word which as per some sources, is derived from सगर ("sagar", sky) and माथा ("māthā", head).

It includes mountain districts of the Himalayas (including the world's highest peak Mount Everest) in the north, hill districts in the center, and valley districts of the Terai in the south. It is bordered by China to the north, India to the south, the Kosi Zone to the east and the Janakpur Zone to the west.
Altisidora
Altisidora (1810–1825) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1813. Bred, trained and raced in Yorkshire she won two of her three races as a two-year-old in 1812. She was unbeaten for the next two seasons, winning three races including the St Leger at Doncaster as a three-year-old and four as a four-year-old in 1814. In her final season she won four of her eight races including a Great Subscription Purse at York, the Fitzwilliam Stakes at Doncaster and a King's Plate at Richmond. She was retired to stud, where she had some impact, being the grand-dam of Ralph, the winner 2000 Guineas and the Ascot Gold Cup. Altisidora died in 1825 at the age of fifteen.

Doncaster Racecourse
Doncaster Racecourse (also known as the Town Moor course) is a racecourse in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. It hosts two of Great Britain's 36 annual Group 1 flat races, the St Leger Stakes and the Racing Post Trophy.
Ariga
有賀 is a Japanese surname, read as either Ariga or Aruga. Notable people with the surname include:

Akiko Aruga (有賀 秋子, born 1942), Japanese speed skater

Katsuhiko Ariga (有賀 克彦, born 1962), Japanese chemist

Kōsaku Aruga (有賀 幸作, 1897–1945), or less often by the alternate reading Kosaku Ariga, captain in the Imperial Japanese Navy

Nagao Ariga (有賀 長雄, 1860–1921), or Nagao Aruga, Japanese jurist and historian

Nobuo Ariga (有賀 啓雄, 1964–2023), also known as Hiroo Ariga (有賀 啓夫), Japanese singer-songwriter, bassist, arranger and record producer

Katsuhiko Ariga
Katsuhiko Ariga (有賀克彦, Ariga Katsuhiko; born 1962) is a Japanese chemist specializing in nanotechnology and self-assembly. He was educated at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, where he defended his PhD in 1990 and later worked as assistant professor. Since 2004 he carries out research at the National Institute for Materials Science, and teaches at the University of Tokyo, where he is a full professor. Ariga is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2013) and an editor of the journal Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.
Edgar Rochette
Joseph Ulysse Edgar Rochette (April 28, 1890 – June 15, 1953) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and provincial politician.

Born in La Malbaie, Quebec, Rochette was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1914. A Rhodes Scholar, he studied law at Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1914 to 1917. He also spent time at the University of Grenoble.

He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Charlevoix—Saguenay from 1927 to 1936 and from 1939 to 1944. He held various cabinet positions including Minister of Labour, Minister of Labour, Games and Fisheries, and Minister of Mines and Fisheries. In 1944, he was made a judge.

Edgar Rochette was the author of Notes sur la Côte-Nord du Bas-Saint-Laurent et le Labrador canadien, published in Quebec City by Imprimerie Le Soleil (limitée) in February 1927. The 138-page manuscript reproduces notes from trips to the North Shore of the Lower St. Lawrence in July and August 1926.

Bar of Quebec
The Bar of Quebec (French: Barreau du Québec) is the regulatory body for the practice of advocates in the Canadian province of Quebec and one of two legal regulatory bodies in the province. It was founded on May 30, 1849, as the Bar of Lower Canada (French: Barreau du Bas-Canada).
Royal Institute of Navigation
The Royal Institute of Navigation (RIN) is a learned society and a professional body for navigation. The RIN was founded in 1947 as a forum for mariners, pilots, engineers and academics to compare their experiences and exchange information. Today it is a leading centre for promoting knowledge in navigation and its associated sciences, including positioning, timing, tracking and conduct of a journey, whether on, in, over or under land, sea, air or space. The institute has members in over 50 countries worldwide.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Mark Joffe
Mark Joffe (born 1956) is an Australian film and television director. He has directed feature films, telemovies, and drama series.

Joffe learned his trade at Crawford Productions, working on Carson's Law, Special Squad and Neighbours. His first major directing job was the first episode of The Great Bookie Robbery (1986).

He agreed to direct the Irish-American film The Matchmaker after gaining approval to have the script rewritten by Irish writer Graham Linehan, one of the writers of Father Ted.

Crawford Productions
Crawford Productions is an Australian former media production house, now primarily involved in distribution and licensing. It focused on the radio and television industries.

Founded in Melbourne, Victoria in 1945 by Hector Crawford and his sister, actress and voice-over artist Dorothy Crawford, the company, also known as Crawfords Australia, is now a subsidiary of the WIN Corporation.

The company has been defunct as a production house since 2002, and it now markets DVDs of it former programs.
Willy Bett
Willy Kipkorir Bett (born on April 14, 1963) is a Kenyan politician and the current Kenyan Ambassador to India. He is the former Cabinet Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries. He held the post from December 2015 to January 26, 2018. Prior to this, he was the managing director of the Kenya Seed Company. He vastly improved the company's standing, taking revenue from 2.9 billion KES to 5.0 billion KES, and profit from 50 million KES to 434 million KES. Before that, he was a marketing manager at the Kenyan Postbank for 18 years. He holds an MBA from the University of Nairobi.

Cabinet of Kenya
The Cabinet of the Republic of Kenya is made up of the elected President and Deputy President, together with the appointed Attorney General, and Cabinet Secretaries. Cabinet Secretaries are nominated by the President and approved by Parliament, following vetting procedure. Once approved, they can be reshuffled at the President's discretion.

Article 152 of the Constitution of Kenya sets the procedure for appointment confirmation and dismissal of cabinet secretaries. It provides that there shall be a minimum of 14 and a maximum of 22 cabinet secretaries. A Cabinet Secretary is not a member of the Kenyan Parliament and has to be vetted by a parliamentary committee before their appointment.
Dharmapuri (film)
Dharmapuri is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language action drama film written and directed by Perarasu and produced by A. M. Rathnam. It stars Vijayakanth and Raai Laxmi, while Manivannan, Raj Kapoor, Bobby,  Vijayakumar, and M. S. Bhaskar play supporting roles. The songs were composed by Srikanth Deva. Dharmapuri was released on 20 October 2006.

Manivannan
Manivannan  (31 July 1953 – 15 June 2013) was an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, voice artist, playback singer and social activist who worked in Tamil cinema. In a career spanning three decades, he went from being a story and dialogue writer for director Bharathiraja from 1980–82 to a successful director who thrived in experimenting with different genres, before becoming an actor. With over 400 films to his name, Manivannan was one of the most experienced actors in the field and directed exactly 50 films. Manivannan was mainly a supporting actor in films and often played the comedian, supporting character and villainous roles.

He supported various political parties, including the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, both active in the state of Tamil Nadu. He later became affiliated with the Naam Tamilar Katchi. He had also long been a supporter of Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism.
Impatiens aurella
Impatiens aurella, also known as the Idaho jewelweed, mountain jewelweed, varied jewelweed, or pale yellow touch-me-not, is a species of flowering plant in the family Balsaminaceae. It is found in northwest North America up through British Columbia, Canada. It produces a yellow-orange flower during the blooming months of late June/early July through September. The plant is an annual herb that grows to just over 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall. As a member of the genus Impatiens it is also a touch-me-not, a herbaceous plant that has a ripe seed capsule that will explode. The flowers are considered toxic, and should not be ingested. Once cultivated, the plant has medicinal properties to help in the treatment of warts, ringworm, nettle stings, and poison ivy rash. Additional research suggests yellow dye and shampoo for itchy scalps may be possible from this species.

Balsaminaceae
The Balsaminaceae (commonly known as the balsam family) are a family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genera: Impatiens, which consists of over 1000 species, and Hydrocera, consisting of 1 species. The flowering plants may be annual or perennial.  They are found throughout temperate and tropical regions, primarily in Asia and Africa, but also North America and Europe.

Notable members of the family include jewelweed and busy Lizzie.
Isa Mämmetgulyýew
Isa Mammetgulyyev (born 8 January 1997) is a Turkmen tennis player. With a world ranking of #1115 in 2016, he became and still remains the highest ranked tennis player in Turkmenistan history.

Mammetgulyyev has a career high ATP singles ranking of 1115 achieved on 25 July 2016. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 1189, achieved on 19 September 2016.

Mammetgulyyev has represented Turkmenistan at Davis Cup, where he has a win–loss record of 18–11.

He played at the 2014 Asian Games on Mixed doubles with Anastasiýa Prenko and Men's team event.

He participated at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. In singles he lost at the second round against Hong Kongese Wong Hong Kit. In doubles with Ýuriý Rogusskiý lost against the latest silver medalist Kazakhs duo (Timur Khabibulin-Denis Yevseyev) on the first round. In Mixed doubles with Anastasiýa Prenko lost against the latest champion on the quarter-final.

2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
The 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games (Turkmen: Ýapyk binalarda we söweş sungaty boýunça V Aziýa oýunlary/Япык биналарда ве сөвеш сунгаты боюнча V Азия оюнлары), which is also counted as the 5th Asian Indoor Games, was held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan in 2017. It became the third city in the former Soviet countries to win the right of hosting an Olympic Council of Asia-sanctioned event, following Astana and Almaty in Kazakhstan, which jointly-hosted the 2011 Asian Winter Games. The host city was chosen in Kuwait on 19 December 2010. On 6 July 2013 the flag of the Olympic Council of Asia was officially handed over to the mayor of the city of Ashgabat.
Lloyd Gaston
Lloyd Henry Gaston (2 December 1929 – 24 September 2006) was a Canadian theologian, protestant biblical scholar, associate professor, and professor emeritus of New Testament at Vancouver School of Theology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He also was a president of the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies and Pastor of United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America.

Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.
Joseph Chiolé
Joseph Chiolé (born 12 August 1948) is a retired South African politician who represented the Freedom Front (FF) in the National Assembly during the first democratic Parliament from 1994 to 1999. Afterwards he served a single term in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature; he represented the FF until March 2003, when he crossed the floor to the Herstigte Nasionale Party (HNP).

22nd South African Parliament
The 22nd Parliament of the Republic of South Africa was elected in the elections of 27 April 1994; it was the first parliament in South Africa's history to be elected by voters of all races. Nelson Mandela's African National Congress formed a government of national unity with F. W. de Klerk's National Party and Mangosuthu Buthelezi's Inkatha Freedom Party. The three racially based houses from previous parliaments were replaced with the re-introduced Senate and National Assembly. In 1997, on the introduction of the final Constitution, the Senate was replaced by the National Council of Provinces, which continues to serve as the upper house of South Africa's Parliament.
Krisztofer Mészáros
Krisztofer Mészáros (born 5 September 2001) is a Hungarian artistic gymnast. He is the 2025 European all-around bronze medalist. At the 2022 European Championships, he won the silver medal on floor exercise and was Hungary's first European silver medalist on that apparatus. He won a bronze medal with the Hungarian team at the 2020 European Championships. He represented Hungary at the 2024 Summer Olympics, where he finished 9th in the individual all-around final.

FIG World Cup
FIG World Cup refers to a number of events organized by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) across seven competitive gymnastics disciplines: 1) acrobatic gymnastics, 2) aerobic gymnastics, 3) men's artistic gymnastics, 4) women's artistic gymnastics, 5) women's rhythmic gymnastics, 6) trampoline and tumbling, and 7) parkour.
Zhaojiatiao station
Zhaojiatiao Station (Chinese: 赵家条站) is a transfer station on the Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on December 28, 2015. It is located in Jiang'an District. The station is an interchange station of Line 3 and Line 8.

Jiang'an, Wuhan
Jiang'an District (Chinese: 江岸区; pinyin: Jiāng'àn Qū) forms part of the urban core of and is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China.

Jiang'an District is located on the Yangtze's left (northwestern) shore, and includes the northeastern half of the former Hankou city (northeast, i.e. downstream, of Jianghan Rd.). On the left bank of the Yangtze, it borders Huangpi to the north, Jianghan to the southwest, and Dongxihu to the west; on the opposite bank it borders Hongshan, Wuchang, and Qingshan.
Clive Schlee
Clive Edward Benedict Schlee (born March 1959) is a British businessman, and was CEO of the UK fast food chain Pret a Manger from 2003 to 2019. He is connected to several companies, including Itsu, Action Rock, and Shire Cape.

He is presently the Chairman of the Governors of Woodbridge School and the Seckford Foundation.

Woodbridge School
Woodbridge School is a private day and boarding school in Woodbridge, Suffolk, England, founded in 1577, for the poor of Woodbridge. It was later supported by the Seckford Foundation. It has been co-educational since September 1974.
Michał Kobosko
Michał Andrzej Kobosko (born April 15, 1968) is a Polish journalist and politician.

In the 2023 Polish parliamentary election he was elected to the Sejm for the Third Way in Sejm Constituency no. 19. Elected as a Member of the European Parliament in the 2024 European Parliament election.

Dziennik Polska-Europa-Świat
Dziennik Polska-Europa-Świat (Polish pronunciation: [ˈd͡ʑɛn.ɲik ˈpɔl.ska ɛwˈrɔ.pa ˈɕfjat]; English: Daily Poland-Europe-World) was a Polish nationwide daily newspaper published by Ringier Axel Springer, a joint venture between Germany's Axel Springer Verlag publishing company and Swiss media company Ringier.