hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Bowes (speaker)
John Bowes (c. 1383 – c. 1444) was Speaker of the House of Commons of England between October 1435 and December 1435.

He was the son of John Bowes of Costock, Nottinghamshire but raised as the ward of Sir Thomas Rempstone. He was trained as a lawyer and practised law in Nottinghamshire.

In 1428 he was appointed Escheator for Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. In 1429, 1432, 1435 and 1439 he was elected knight of the shire (MP) for Nottinghamshire, being elected Speaker of the House in October 1435.

Thereafter he returned to the law and was appointed Recorder of London, serving as the MP for the city of London in 1442.

He died some time in 1444 and, Bowes having no children, his estate passed to his brother William.

Nottinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Nottinghamshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Members of Parliament (MPs), traditionally known as knights of the shire.

The constituency was split into two two-member divisions, for parliamentary purposes, by the Reform Act 1832. The county was then represented by the North Nottinghamshire and South Nottinghamshire constituencies.
Jessica Adolfsson
Jessica Mariette Adolfsson (born 15 July 1998) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player for the Ottawa Charge of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) and a member of Sweden women's national ice hockey team.

Sweden women's national ice hockey team
The Swedish women's national ice hockey team (Swedish: Sveriges damlandslag i ishockey) or Damkronorna ("the Lady Crowns" in Swedish) represents Sweden at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Women's Championships. The women's national team is organized by the Swedish Ice Hockey Association. Sweden had 3,425 female players registered with the IIHF in 2011.
Victor Nord
Victor Benediktovich Nord-Levin (Hebrew: ויקטור בנדיקטוביץ׳ נורד־לוין; Ukrainian: Ві́ктор Бенеди́ктович Норд-Ле́він, romanized: Viktor Benedyktovych Nord-Levin; born 1945 in Odesa, Odesa Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is an Israeli-American independent filmmaker best known for his 1977 Israeli directorial debut The Garden that represented Israel at the 1977 Cannes Film Festival, the 1977 San Francisco International Film Festival, and the 1978 Toronto Waterfront International Film Festival.

1977 Cannes Film Festival
The 30th Cannes Film Festival took place from 13 to 27 May 1977. Italian filmmaker Roberto Rossellini served as jury president for the main competition.

Italian filmmakers Paolo and Vittorio Taviani won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for their drama film Padre Padrone.

A new non-competitive section, Le Passé composé, was held only at this edition, focusing on compilations. This section, along with Les Yeux fertiles and L'Air du temps of the previous two years, were later integrated into the Un Certain Regard in 1978.

The festival opened with The Bishop's Bedroom by Dino Risi, and closed with Slap Shot by George Roy Hill.
Aloma Mariam Mukhtar
Aloma Mariam Mukhtar GCON (born 20 November 1944) is a Nigerian jurist and former Chief Justice of Nigeria from July 2012 to November 2014. She was called to the English Bar in November, 1966 and to the Nigerian Bar in 1967.

On 16 July 2012, President Goodluck Jonathan swore her in as the 13th indigenous Chief Justice of Nigeria, and conferred on her the Nigerian National Honour of the Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger (GCON).

Supreme Court of Nigeria
The Supreme Court of Nigeria (SCN) is the highest court in Nigeria, and is located in the Central District, Abuja, in what is known as the Three Arms Zone, so called due to the proximity of the offices of the Presidential Complex, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court.
André Bachand (Liberal MP)
André Bachand (born June 15, 1934) is a former Canadian politician and lawyer.

Born in Roxton Falls, Quebec, Canada, Bachand was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Liberal Party in the 1980 election to represent the riding of Missisquoi. He sat on numerous House standing committees including chair of the House Standing Committee on Labour, Manpower and Immigration and served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture standing joint committees Standing Joint Committee on the Library of Parliament, Standing Joint Committee on the Restaurant of Parliament and the Standing Joint Committee on Regulations and other Statutory Instruments. Prior to entering federal political, he served in the Canadian Officers' Training Corps as second lieutenant between 1956 and 1958.

Standing committee (Canada)
In Canada, a standing committee is a permanent committee established by Standing Orders in the House of Commons or the Senate. It may study matters referred to it by special order or, within its area of responsibility in the Standing Orders, may undertake studies on its own initiative. There are currently 24 standing committees (including three standing joint committees) in the House and 20 in the Senate, many with particular responsibilities to examine the administration, policy development, and budgetary estimates of certain government departments and agencies. Certain standing committees are also given mandates to examine matters that have government-wide implications (e.g. official languages policy, multiculturalism policy) or that may not relate to a particular department (e.g. procedure of the House of Commons).
Al-Alwa
al-Alwa (Arabic: الْعَلْوَة, romanized: al-ʿAlwa) is a village in southern Al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria.

The village is located on the Khabur River Administratively the village belongs to the Nahiya al-Shaddadah of al-Hasakah District.

The village is predominantly inhabited by Sunni Arabs. At the 2004 census, it had a population of 1,431.

Khabur
The Khabur River is the largest perennial tributary to the Euphrates in Syria. Although the Khabur originates in Turkey, the karstic springs around Ras al-Ayn are the river's main source of water. Several important wadis join the Khabur north of Al-Hasakah, together creating what is known as the Khabur Triangle, or Upper Khabur area. From north to south, annual rainfall in the Khabur basin decreases from over 400 mm to less than 200 mm. This has made the river a vital water source for agriculture throughout history. The Khabur joins the Euphrates near the town of Busayrah.
Notre Dame Junior Senior High School (Utica, New York)
Notre Dame Junior Senior High School (NDJSHS) is a co-ed Catholic high school in Utica, New York. It is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse.

Notre Dame was established in 1959 by the Xaverian Brothers.  The land that the school was built on was the former location of a military hospital.  Initially, the school owned the land currently occupied by the Utica Business Park, but sold most of it to the city, creating its current boundaries. Originally just a high school, in 1994 both local Catholic junior high schools merged with Notre Dame and moved to the high school building.

The school hosts a Navy Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps Unit.

Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps
The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) is a federal program sponsored by the United States Armed Forces in high schools and also in some middle schools across the United States and at US military bases across the world. The program was originally created as part of the National Defense Act of 1916 (Army JROTC) and later expanded (Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force) under the 1964 ROTC Vitalization Act.  The Coast Guard was added in 1989 under P.L. 101-225. The Space Force established its first unit in 2019.
Noun Borey
Noun Borey (Khmer: នូន បូរី; born 5 August 1991) is a former Cambodian footballer who last played for the Ministry of Interior FA in the Cambodian Premier League and the Cambodia national football team. He made his international debut in a friendly match against Singapore on 17 November 2014.

MOI Kompong Dewa FA
MOI Kompong Dewa Football Club (Khmer: អឹម អូ អាយ កំពង់ដេវ៉ា អេហ្វស៊ី) is a professional Cambodian football club based in Sihanoukville, Preah Sihanouk province. Historically known as the National Police (នគរបាលជាតិ), the club changed its name to the Ministry of Interior FA (សមាគមកីឡាបាល់ទាត់ក្រសួងមហាផ្ទៃ) in 2024, under the management of Cambodia's Ministry of Interior. They were renamed again in 2025, to MOI Kompong Dewa. They won their first and only Cambodian League in 2000, as well as one Hun Sen Cup in 2014.
Pipilika
Pipilika (Bengali: পিপীলিকা) was a Bangladeshi search engine and the first search engine introduced by Bangladesh. It was launched in 2013 to cater to the linguistic and cultural needs of the Bengali-speaking population. The search engine was shut down in 2021.

It is the country's first Bangla search engine developed by the Computer Science and Engineering students of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology as a thesis project.

Computer science and engineering
Computer science and engineering (CSE) is an academic subject comprising approaches of computer science and computer engineering. There is no clear division in computing between science and engineering, just like in the field of materials science and engineering. However, some classes are historically more related to computer science (e.g. data structures and algorithms), and other to computer engineering (e.g. computer architecture). CSE is also a term often used  in Europe to translate the name of technical or engineering informatics academic programs. It is offered in both undergraduate as well postgraduate with specializations.
Khumukcham Sanjita Chanu
Khumukcham Sanjita Chanu (born 2 January 1994) is an Indian weightlifter. Born in Kakching Khunou, Kakching district, Manipur, she is a two time Commonwealth Games Champion. Chanu won the gold medals at the 2014 Glasgow and the 2018 Gold Coast events in the women's 48 kg and 53 kg weight category respectively. She holds the Commonwealth Games record of 84 kg for the Snatch segment in the latter weight category.

Kakching district
Kakching district (Meitei pronunciation:/kək.ciŋ/) is one of the 16 districts of Manipur state in northeastern India. It was formed in 2016 from Thoubal district, prior to which it was a subdivision of the latter.
The Kakching district is bounded by Thoubal district on the north, Ukhrul and Chandel districts on the east, Churchandpur and Bishnupur districts on the south and Imphal West and Imphal East districts on the west.
Jay Som
Melina Mae Cortez Duterte (born March 25, 1994), better known by her stage name Jay Som, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, producer and mixing engineer. Initially presenting an indie rock sound, she began releasing music in 2012 and released her debut studio album Turn Into in mid-2016. The follow-up to Everybody Works and Jay Som's third studio album, Anak Ko, was released on August 23, 2019, via Polyvinyl, Lucky Number, and Inertia.

Born in Walnut Creek, California, Duterte spent most of her childhood in Pleasanton and Brentwood. She grew up playing the trumpet and guitar, and began writing and recording music at the age of 12. She originally intended to attend a conservatory program for jazz but instead decided to focus on songwriting. Her debut record Everybody Works was released on Double Denim Records, and Polyvinyl Records in March 2017. Which was preceded by Turn Into, a collection of songs that first gained her attention as a singer-songwriter.

Pleasanton, California
Pleasanton is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the Amador Valley, it is an upscale suburb in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 79,871 at the 2020 census. In 2005 and 2007, Pleasanton was ranked the wealthiest middle-sized city in the United States by the Census Bureau.

Pleasanton is home to the headquarters of Safeway, Workday, Ellie Mae, Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Blackhawk Network Holdings, Veeva Systems, and Simpson Manufacturing Company. Other major employers include Kaiser Permanente, Oracle, and Macy's. Although Oakland is the Alameda County seat, a few county offices are located in Pleasanton.

The Alameda County Fairgrounds are located in Pleasanton, where the county fair is held during the last week of June and the first week of July. Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park is located on the west side of town.
Cosmo's Factory
Cosmo's Factory is the fifth studio album by the American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival, released by Fantasy Records on July 8, 1970. Six of the album's eleven tracks were released as singles in 1970, and all of them charted in the top 5 of the Billboard Hot 100. The album spent nine consecutive weeks in the number one position on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified 4× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1990. Rolling Stone ranked it number 413 on its 2020 list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".

Tom Fogerty
Thomas Richard Fogerty (November 9, 1941 – September 6, 1990) was an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist for Creedence Clearwater Revival. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.
Parvularcula bermudensis
Parvularcula bermudensis is a marine bacterium which was identified in 2003 in the western Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic Ocean. It forms a deep branch in the Alphaproteobacteria, distinct from the other orders.

Parvularcula bermudensis isolates are Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, slightly motile short rods with a single flagellum. Colonies on marine agar are very small (0·3–0·8 mm in diameter), yellowish-brown and very hard. They are oxidase positive and catalase negative.

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
Fuzzy matching (computer-assisted translation)
Fuzzy matching is a technique used in computer-assisted translation as a special case of record linkage. It works with matches that may be less than 100% perfect when finding correspondences between segments of a text and entries in a database of previous translations. It usually operates at sentence-level segments, but some translation technology allows matching at a phrasal level. It is used when the translator is working with translation memory (TM). It uses approximate string matching.

Approximate string matching
In computer science, approximate string matching (often colloquially referred to as fuzzy string searching) is the technique of finding  strings that match a pattern approximately (rather than exactly). The problem of approximate string matching is typically divided into two sub-problems: finding approximate substring matches inside a given string and finding dictionary strings that match the pattern approximately.
Dacres Wood
Dacres Wood is a small local nature reserve in Forest Hill in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is owned and managed by Lewisham Council.

The site is a remnant of the former Croydon Canal, which later became the garden of a Victorian house. The site's main conservation interest lies in its ponds and wetlands. In 1990 two ponds were dug and wetland plants introduced. The western part is mainly secondary woodland, which is probably the result of Victorian landscaping. An invertebrate survey in 1996 found the purple hairstreak butterfly, which frequents the tops of oak trees, and has been seen on only three sites in London.

The entrance to the site is off Dacres Road at its junction with Silverdale. It is kept locked except when a local group open the reserve on the last Saturday of each month.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Potomac Steamboat Company
The Potomac Steamboat Company served as the direct water link between the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad (at Aquia Creek) and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (at Washington, DC) from 1845 and 1872. Its predecessor was the Washington and Fredericksburg Steamboat Company, renamed after the RF&P acquired majority control. After May 1, 1872, the connection was made at Quantico Creek.

Aquia Creek
Aquia Creek ( /ɑːˈkwaɪə/) is a 27.6-mile-long (44.4 km) tributary of the tidal segment of the Potomac River and is located in Northern Virginia. The creek's headwaters lie in southeastern Fauquier County, and it empties into the Potomac at Brent Point in Stafford County, 45 miles (72 km) south of Washington, D.C.

The White House was built largely using sandstone quarried from Aquia Creek from 1792 to 1799.
St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research
St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research (SVI) is an independent Australian medical research institute located in Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria. The Institute conducts medical research into the cause, prevention and treatment of diseases that are common and have serious effects on health. These include type 1 diabetes, obesity, heart disease and type 2 diabetes, arthritis and osteoporosis, cancer and the spread of cancer, infectious diseases such as hepatitis and AIDS and Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.

SVI has been directed by endocrinologist Prof. Thomas Kay since 2002.

Founded in 1951 by the Sisters of Charity, SVI is affiliated with The University of Melbourne and St Vincent's Hospital, and is a member institution of the Mary Aikenhead Ministries.

St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
St Vincent's Hospital is a major hospital in Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia.

It is operated by the St Vincent's Health service, previously known as the Sisters of Charity Health Service, Melbourne. It is situated at the corner of Nicholson Street and Victoria Street.

The hospital is a tertiary referral centre which offers a variety of medical, surgical and mental health specialities.
Kim Nam-il
Kim Nam-il (Korean: 김남일; Hanja: 金南一; born 1 May 1977) is a South Korean football manager and former player. He played as a defensive midfielder for the South Korea national team at the 2002, 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups.

EAFF E-1 Football Championship
EAFF E-1 Football Championship, known as the East Asian Football Championship from 2003 to 2010, and the EAFF East Asian Cup for the 2013 and 2015 editions, is a men's international football competition in East Asia for member nations of the East Asian Football Federation (EAFF). Before the EAFF was founded in 2002, the Dynasty Cup was held between the East Asian top four teams, and was regarded as the East Asian Championship. There is a separate competition for men (first held in 2003) and women (first held in 2005).

The most recent edition was held in 2025 in Korea.
Nikesh Shukla
Nikesh Shukla FRSL (born 8 July 1980) is a British author and screenwriter. His writing focuses on race, racism, identity, and immigration. He is the editor of the 2016 collection of essays The Good Immigrant, which features contributions from Riz Ahmed, Musa Okwonga, Bim Adewunmi, and Reni Eddo-Lodge, among others. With Chimène Suleyman, he co-edited the 2019 follow-up collection called The Good Immigrant: 26 Writers Reflect On America.

Chimene Suleyman
Chimene or Chimène Suleyman is an English writer. She has written on the politics of race and immigration in media including The Guardian, The Independent, the BBC and NPR, and co-edited The Good Immigrant USA in 2019.
1991 World Indoor Bowls Championship
The 1991 Midland Bank World Indoor Bowls Championship was held at Preston Guild Hall, Preston, England, from 12–24 February 1991.

In the Singles Richard Corsie won the title beating Ian Schuback in the final.
In the Pairs David Bryant and Tony Allcock secured their fifth world title.

The Women's Indoor World Championship took place in Guernsey during April with the final being held on 21 April. The title was won by Mary Price.

David Bryant (bowls)
David John Bryant CBE (27 October 1931 – 27 August 2020) was a three-times World (outdoors) singles bowls champion (in 1966, 1980 and 1988), a three-times World indoors singles champion (in 1979, 1980 and 1981) and a four times Commonwealth Games singles gold medallist. He is generally considered to be the greatest bowler of all time, winning 19 World and Commonwealth gold medals in total.
Wainui River (Tasman)
The Wainui River is a river of the Tasman Region of New Zealand's South Island. Wainui is a Māori language term (wai meaning water, and nui meaning large, expansive) and the umbrella entity for the three local iwi gives a meaning of "where the tidal flow leaves a big expanse of bay empty".

Tasman District
Tasman District (Māori: Te Tai o Aorere) is a local government district in the northwest of the South Island of New Zealand. It borders the Canterbury Region, West Coast Region, Marlborough Region and Nelson City. It is administered by the Tasman District Council, a unitary authority, which sits at Richmond, with community boards serving outlying communities in Motueka and Golden Bay / Mohua. The city of Nelson has its own unitary authority separate from Tasman District, and together they comprise a single region in some contexts, but not for local government functions or resource management (planning) functions.
Gabilan Mountains AVA
Gabilan Mountains is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in the mountainous region on the border in Monterey and San Benito Counties in California. The appellation was established as the nation's 267th, the state's 147th and the county's tenth AVA on August 15, 2022 by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Parker Allen of Coastview Vineyards, proposing the viticultural area named "Gabilan Mountains."

The appellation encompasses about 98,000 acres (153 sq mi) including the established Mt. Harlan and Chalone AVAs, and resident to 4 wineries and 6 commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 436 acres (176 ha). The average elevation within the region is 2,370 feet (720 m) placing it above the heavy fog and marine layer. As a result, Gabilan Mountains AVA has a cool air climate without the humidity from the fog and low-lying clouds. The plant hardiness zone ranges from 9a to 10a.

Marine layer
A marine layer is an air mass that develops over the surface of a large body of water, such as an ocean or large lake, in the presence of a temperature inversion. The inversion itself is usually initiated by the cooling effect caused when cold water on the surface of the ocean interacts with a comparatively warm air mass.
Chintalapadu, Chandarlapadu mandal
Chintalapadu is a village in NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Chandarlapadu mandal of Vijayawada revenue division.
 It forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

NTR district
NTR district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located at Vijayawada. The district is named after former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. T. Rama Rao. The district shares boundaries with  Guntur,  Palnadu,  Krishna,  Eluru,  Khammam and  Suryapet districts.