hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rudolf von Bünau (father)
Rudolf von Bünau (19 August 1890 – 14 January 1962) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. His son, also named Rudolf von Bünau, was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 8 August 1943; he was killed in action just one week later on 15 August 1943 south of Roslavl. His other son, Günther von Bünau was also killed in action in 1943. Rudolf von Bünau would survive the war. He was interned by the Americans until April 1947. Rudolf was killed in a car crash in 1962.

According to documents released by the Bundesnachrichtendienst in 2014, Rudolf von Bünau, led a "group staff" of the Schnez-Truppe, a German secret paramilitary force established by anti-communist Wehrmacht veterans in 1949.

Roslavl
Roslavl (Russian: Ро́славль, Russian pronunciation: [ˈrosləvlʲ]) is a town and the administrative center of Roslavlsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is a road and rail junction and a market town. Population:  54,900 (2010 Census); 57,701 (2002 Census); 60,470 (1989 Soviet census).
Darius Bea
Darius Francis Bea Jr. (December 15, 1913 – June 26, 2001), also listed as Bill Bea, was an American baseball right fielder and pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played with the Baltimore Black Sox in 1934 and the Philadelphia Stars in 1940, both of the Negro National League.

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Šumavanka
The Šumava is an old breed of chicken originating in the Bohemian forest in the Czech Republic. Original Šumava chickens became extinct, but in the second half of 20th century, the breed was restored by crossing a few remaining animals from the original population with Czech gold brindle chicken, yellow Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Wyandotte.

Hens produce around 180 eggs per year, each weighing about 58 grams (2.0 oz).

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Society of Dyers and Colourists
The Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC) is an international professional society, with headquarters in Bradford, England, specializing in colour in all its manifestations, but particularly in relation to textiles. Founded in 1884, it was granted a Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1963. The SDC is a registered charity.

The SDC deliver courses and qualifications up to degree level (given their Royal Charter) as benchmarked by Ecctis in the UK.  These are the ASDC, TCC & FTCC.  They also deliver a programme of webinars which are recorded and made available post-event.  The members hold regional meetings across the UK and also overseas.

Since 1884 SDC have published the Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, a journal relaunched in 1999 as Coloration Technology.

The Society is a member of the Science Council.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Thor Breien
Thor Breien (9 February 1899 – 18 December 1973) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Kristiania to judge Haakon Hasberg Breien and Andrea Landstad. He graduated as cand.jur. in 1921. He was judge at the Eidsivating Court of Appeal from 1946 to 1970, and served as acting Supreme Court Justice in 1957. He was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1969.

Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål: (Norges) Høyesterett; Norwegian Nynorsk: (Noregs) Høgsterett; lit. 'Highest Court') is the highest court in the Norwegian judiciary. It was established in 1815 on the basis of section 88 in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, which prescribed an independent judiciary. It is located in the capital Oslo. In addition to serving as the court of final appeal for civil and criminal cases, it can also rule whether the Cabinet has acted in accordance with Norwegian law and whether the Parliament has passed legislation consistent with the Constitution.
Clemyjontri Park
Clemyjontri Park is a 2-acre park in McLean, Virginia, opened in 2006, which boasts a setting for children of all abilities to congregate. It is located in the McLean area of Fairfax County, Virginia, at 6317 Georgetown Pike. It includes a carousel, four different playground areas around the carousel, and walking trails. Additional parking is available at Langley Fork Park across Georgetown Pike.

The land was donated by Adele Lebowitz in 1997, of Morton’s Department Store and namesake of the "Adele Lebowitz Center for Youth and Family" at the Washington School of Psychiatry, to the Fairfax County Park Authority to build the park.

The name Clemyjontri is derived from the donor’s four children: Carolyn (CL), Emily (EMY), John (Jon), and Petrina (Tri).

The park has been written about in the fictional book Murder Has a Sweet Tooth.

Fairfax County Park Authority
The Fairfax County Park Authority is the department of the Fairfax County, Virginia government responsible for developing and maintaining the various parks, historical sites, and recreational areas owned or administered by Fairfax County. Figures published as of 2003 indicate that the Park Authority manages over 22,617 acres (92 km2) of parkland.
Pushpa Lalitha
Christianity portal

Eggoni Pushpa Lalitha (born 1956) is the Bishop of the Nandyal Diocese of the Church of South India. She is the first woman to become a bishop in Church of South India.

The Church of South India, part of the Anglican Communion, created history when then Moderator, G. Devakadasham and Deputy Moderator G. Dyvasirvadam consecrated Pushpa Lalitha in 2013 making a woman Reverend become a bishop. Pushpa Lalitha is a member of the CSI Order of Sisters headquartered in Bangalore and although she is the first woman to be consecrated as Bishop of Church of South India, the first woman to be consecrated Bishop in any church in Asia was A. Katakshamma of the Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church, Bhadrachalam. The first ordained woman priest in India is Sr. Elizabeth Paul, also of the CSI Order of Sisters.

Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church
Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church is a Christian denomination in India. It has about 40,000 members. Its headquarters is in Bhadrachalam, Telangana.
It has been founded in 1972. It is led by T. Esther Rani.
The other churches belonging to the United Evangelical Lutheran Church in India are:

Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church

Arcot Lutheran Church

Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh

Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States

Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam

Indian Evangelical Lutheran Church

Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church

Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church

South Andhra Lutheran Church

Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church
St. Theresa's Medical University of Yerevan
St. Theresa's Medical University of Yerevan (also known as St. Theresa Charitable Sisters Medical Institute) is a private school in Yerevan, Armenia, established in 1992. It is ranked 10th among private medical schools in Armenia, and graduates possess certified specialist qualifications.

It is the only institute in Armenia that participates in the international market of physician placement.

Medical specialty
A medical specialty is a branch of medical practice that is focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy. Examples include those branches of medicine that deal exclusively with children (pediatrics), cancer (oncology), laboratory medicine (pathology), or primary care (family medicine). After completing medical school or other basic training, physicians or surgeons and other clinicians usually further their medical education in a specific specialty of medicine by completing a multiple-year residency to become a specialist.
Chachro Raid
The Battle of Chachro involved a division-sized assault and multiple raids by the Indian Armed Forces on the eastern town of Chachro in the Tharparkar district of West Pakistan. The battle resulted in India capturing the town and around 3,000 sq. miles of surrounding sandy wasteland. While a large area was captured, it had little to no economic or political impact on Pakistan owing to the region's emptiness.

Chachro Tehsil
Chachro (Sindhi:ڇاڇرو)/(Urdu:چھاچھرو) is the largest tehsil (subdivision) of Tharparkar district in Sindh, Pakistan, by population. It is located in the southeastern part of Pakistan, near the Indian border, inside the Thar Desert. According to the 2023 Census of Pakistan, the population of Chachro tehsil is 371,769, making it the most populated tehsil in Tharparkar.
Dranse (Haute-Savoie)
The Dranse (French pronunciation: [dʁɑ̃s]) is a French river in the department of Haute-Savoie, that empties into Lake Geneva between Thonon-les-Bains and Évian-les-Bains.

The name "Dranse" comes from the former Drantia, based on the hydronym dur-, dora and the suffix -antia.

Hydronym
A hydronym (from Greek: ὕδρω, hydrō, "water" and ὄνομα, onoma, "name") is a type of toponym that designates a proper name of a body of water. Hydronyms include the proper names of rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, swamps and marshes, seas and oceans. As a subset of toponymy, a distinctive discipline of hydronymy (or hydronomastics) studies the proper names of all bodies of water, the origins and meanings of those names, and their development and transmission through history.
Architecture of Dhaka
The architecture of Dhaka is a confluence of many architectural styles. From the Sena temples built by Ballal Sen, to the Mughal architecture of the Mughal Empire, to the Indo-Saracenic style (pioneered in Madras) of the colonial era, to 20th century steel and chrome of skyscrapers. Dhaka has a colonial core in the river port area, surrounded by progressively newer areas as one travels away from the Buriganga, punctuated with old temples, churches and mosques.

Purana Qila
Purana Qila (lit. 'Old Fort') is one of the oldest forts in Delhi, India. It was built by the second Mughal Emperor Humayun and Surid Sultan Sher Shah Suri. The fort forms the inner citadel of the city of Dinpanah. It is located near the expansive Pragati Maidan exhibition ground and is separated from Dhyanchand Stadium by Mathura Road, Delhi.
Exchange Building, Toowoomba
The Exchange Building is a heritage-listed commercial building at 245–253 Margaret Street, Toowoomba City, Toowoomba, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It consists of two storeys, with a row of four shops on the first floor with office space above. It was built by 1905, and designed by Toowoomba architect Harry Marks. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 October 2000, and is considered significant for its aesthetic contribution to the streetscape of Margaret Street, for its status as surviving evidence of the early development of the commercial centre of Toowoomba, and for its association with Marks. As of February 2013, it was tenanted by a number of shops facing Margaret Street, with offices on the second floor.

Toowoomba Region
The Toowoomba Region is a local government area (LGA) on the border of Darling Downs and South East Queensland regions of Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, the LGA was preceded by several other local government authorities with histories extending back to the early 1900s and beyond.

In 2018–2019, it had a A$491 million budget, of which A$316 million is for service delivery and A$175.13 million capital (infrastructure) budget.

In the 2021 census, the Toowoomba Region had a population of 173,204 people.
Ali Topaloğlu
Ali Topaloğlu (born 1998) is a Turkish world and European champion track and field athlete with Down syndrome. He is a member of Canik Belediyespor in Samsun.

Ali Topaloğlu started playing sports at the age of fifteen motivated by his father. Since 2014, he has been competing at international championships and has won several gold medals.

He won the silver medal in the Mosaic discus event at the 2017 IAADS European Athletics Championships held in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal. At the 2018 World Championships for Athletes with Down Syndrome in Madeira, Portugal, he became world champion in the shot put event and won two silver medals in discus and 200 m. He became the European champion and set a world record in the shot put event of the 2019 Open European Championships for Athletes with Down Syndrome in Tampere, Finland.

Samsun
Samsun is a city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of 1,382,376. The city is home to Ondokuz Mayıs University, several hospitals, three large shopping malls, Samsunspor football club, an opera house and a large and modern manufacturing district. The city is best known as the place where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk began the Turkish War of Independence in 1919.
Euclid Avenue station (Pennsylvania Railroad)
Euclid Avenue, known after 1953 as Cleveland station and Pennsylvania Station, was a former railroad station at the corner of Euclid Avenue and East 55th Street in Cleveland. It was at the border of the Goodrich–Kirtland Park neighborhood to the north and the Central neighborhood to the south. Euclid Avenue station served as the terminus of the Pennsylvania Railroad line to Cleveland in its final years because of the closure and demolition of Cleveland Union Depot. The station was originally at ground level, but the tracks were later elevated over Euclid Avenue.

Central, Cleveland
Central, also known as Cedar–Central, is a neighborhood on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. Situated on the outskirts of downtown, Central is bounded roughly by East 71st Street on its east and Interstate 90 on its west, with Euclid Avenue on its north and Interstate 77 and the Penn Central Railroad to the south. The neighborhood is named after its onetime main thoroughfare, Central Avenue. It is home to several schools, including East Technical High School.
Owuor Arunga
Owuor Arunga is a jazz trumpeter.

He was born in Kisumu in Kenya and moved to New York in the early 2000s, where he studied in The New School's Jazz & Contemporary Music Program. Some of the artist he's played amongst or apprenticed with include Charlie Persip, Candido Camero, Billy Bang, The Cadillacs, Robert Glasper, Louis Reyes Rivera, Olu Dara, Jimmy Owens, and Chico Freeman. In 2005 he recorded with Ahmed Abdullah. He was given the nickname of 'The Pied Piper' by his elder musicians.

Arunga has also played with Seattle hip hop acts including Macklemore (The Heist), The Physics, and Black Stax.

From his origin as a member of the Garfield High School Jazz Band, Owuor has since played around the United States and toured around the world, including Canada, Europe and South Africa.

Chico Freeman
Chico Freeman (born Earl Lavon Freeman Jr.; July 17, 1949) is a modern jazz tenor saxophonist and trumpeter and son of jazz saxophonist Von Freeman. He began recording as lead musician in 1976 with Morning Prayer, won the New York Jazz Award in 1979 and earned the Stereo Review Record of the Year in 1981 for his album The Outside Within.
Digital differential analyzer (graphics algorithm)
In computer graphics, a digital differential analyzer (DDA) is hardware or software used for interpolation of variables over an interval between start and end point. DDAs are used for rasterization of lines, triangles and polygons. They can be extended to non linear functions, such as perspective correct texture mapping, quadratic curves, and traversing voxels.

In its simplest implementation for linear cases such as lines, the DDA algorithm interpolates values in interval  by computing for each xi the equations xi =  xi−1 + 1, yi =  yi−1 + m, where m is the slope of the line.  This slope can be expressed in DDA as follows:

In fact any two consecutive points lying on this line segment should satisfy the equation.

Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher. The word line may also refer, in everyday life, to a line segment, which is a part of a line delimited by two points (its endpoints).

Euclid's Elements defines a straight line as a "breadthless length" that "lies evenly with respect to the points on itself", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties on which the rest of geometry was established. Euclidean line and Euclidean geometry are terms introduced to avoid confusion with generalizations introduced since the end of the 19th century, such as non-Euclidean, projective, and affine geometry.
Quarry Bridge
The Quarry Bridge is located near Quarry, Iowa in Marshall County, Iowa. The bridge is also called the Iowa River Bridge. It was built in 1885 and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1998.

The superstructure of the bridge was fabricated by the King Iron Bridge Company of Cleveland, Ohio. The builders completed the bridge in September 1885 at a cost of $3,295. The total length of the bridge is 149.9 feet (45.7 m). The deck width is 16.1 feet (4.9 m). The vertical clearance above the deck is 14.2 feet (4.3 m).

Marshall County, Iowa
Marshall County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,105, and was estimated to be 40,392 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Marshalltown. The county was formed on January 13, 1846, and named after John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Marshall County comprises the Marshalltown, Iowa Micropolitan Statistical Area. In 2010, the center of population of Iowa was located in Marshall County, near Melbourne.
La saga, negocio de familia
La Saga, Negocio de Familia (in English The Saga, Family business) was a popular Colombian soap opera ("telenovela" in Spanish) aired in 2004 by Caracol TV and then after 2006 aired on GenTV in South Florida. The show follows the history of the Manrique family, which was prominent in the underworld of Bogotá, Colombia. This telenovela is characterized by an unconventional plot: unlike many others, it is not a love story, but several stories of events that occur through five generations of the same family. Moreover, there is no humor and the plot is marked by death, suffering and crime. It received the "Best Telenovela" award at the Colombian Television Awards in 2005.

WGEN-TV
WGEN-TV (channel 8) is a television station licensed to Key West, Florida, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language Estrella TV network to the Miami–Fort Lauderdale television market. Owned-and-operated by MediaCo, WGEN-TV's studios are located on Northwest 75th Street in Miami's Medley neighborhood, and its transmitter is located on Southard Street in Key West.

WGEN-TV's over-the-air broadcasting radius only covers the western Florida Keys. Therefore, it is relayed through a network of four low-power translator stations throughout the area, including Miami-licensed WVFW-LD, and also relies on cable and satellite carriage to reach the entire South Florida market.
UM Broadcasting Network
The University of Mindanao Broadcasting Network (UMBN) is a Philippine radio network majority-owned and controlled by the Torres family. It serves as the media arm of the University of Mindanao. Its headquarters are located at the UMBN Media Center, C. Bangoy St. cor. Palma Gil St., Poblacion, Davao City, while its national marketing offices are located in Makati. UMBN and its subsidiary Mt. Apo Broadcasting System run AM and FM stations in Mindanao, while its other subsidiary Ditan Communications runs the Visayas stations. It has three radio network brands, namely UMBN News & Public Affairs, Wild FM and Retro.

Mass media in the Philippines
Mass media in the Philippines consists of several types of media: television, radio, newspapers, magazines, cinema, and websites.

In 2004, the Philippines had 225 television stations, 369 AM radio broadcast stations, 583 FM radio broadcast stations, 10 internet radio stations, 5 shortwave stations and 7 million newspapers in circulation.

Media outlets, such as PTV/RPN/IBC (television) and the Presidential Broadcast Service (radio), are government-run, while most outlets are privately owned.

The most trusted newspapers in the Philippines are the Philippine Daily Inquirer, Manila Bulletin, and The Philippine Star.
313 BC
Year 313 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cursor and Brutus (or, less frequently, year 441 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 313 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Philip (son of Antipater)
Philip (Greek: Φίλιππoς; lived from 4th century to 3rd century) was son of Antipater, the regent of Macedonia, and brother of Cassander, by whom he was sent in 319 , with an army to invade Aetolia. But on his arrival in Acarnania the news that Aeacides, king of Epirus, had recovered possession of his throne, induced him to turn his arms against that monarch, whom he defeated in a pitched battle. Aeacides with the remnant of his forces having afterwards joined the Aetolians, a second action ensued, in which Philip was again victorious, and Aeacides himself fell in the battle. The Aetolians hereupon abandoned the open country, and took refuge in their mountain fastnesses. According to Justin Philip had participated with his two brothers, Cassander and Iollas, in the conspiracy for the murder of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. He was the father of Antipater Etesias.