hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beracah
Beracah is a valley mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). It was named the "Valley of Blessings ("blessing" is "Berakhah" in Hebrew) by Jehoshaphat, king of Judah after God’s victory over Moab and Ammon, as is recounted in the Second Book of Chronicles.

The valley is on the main road from Hebron to Jerusalem.

According to the Chronicler's account, Jehoshaphat gathered his people together and prayed to God for deliverance. God answered his prayer by stirring up the enemy to kill each other. By the time Jehoshaphat and his army entered the valley, the enemy had completely destroyed themselves. The army took three days to collect the valuables of their enemies including gold, silver, and precious jewels: hence the valley was called "The Valley of Blessing".

The Chronicler
The Chronicler is the author, or group of authors, to whom some biblical scholars have attributed the composition of: the Books of Chronicles, the Book of Ezra, and the Book of Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible. Scholars believe that the Chronicler worked between 400 and 250 BC, with the period 350–300 BC the most likely.
Cavazos
Cavazos is a Spanish and Italian surname with Jewish origins. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Cavazos (born 1981), American baseball player

David Cavazos (born 1987), Mexican singer-songwriter

Eloy Cavazos (born 1949), Mexican matador

José E. Cavazos, Mexican-American physician-scientist

Julia Carin Cavazos AKA Julia Michaels (born 1993), American singer-songwriter

Lauro Cavazos (1927–2022), American educator

Lumi Cavazos (born 1968), Mexican actress

Richard E. Cavazos (1929–2017), American general

Ruben Cavazos(born 1957), American criminal

Silverio Cavazos (1968–2010), Mexican politician

David Cavazos
David Cavazos (born April 19, 1985, in Monterrey, Nuevo León) is a Mexican singer-songwriter.

David Cavazos began composing music at the age of eighteen and later signed with Warner Music Mexico, music label in which he found the support he needed to begin a solo career. He recorded his self-titled debut album in 2007 and released it on May 13, 2008, in Mexico. Cavazos' first single Bruja Hada became one of the most requested songs on Mexican radio.
Xtreme Wheels
Xtreme Wheels is a 2001 racing game developed by Spike and published by BAM! Entertainment for the Game Boy Color. Compared to Excitebike, the game is a BMX racing game in which the player competes with other riders to finish a motocross course.

BMX
BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general street or off-road recreation.
Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi
Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi (Arabic: ﺍﺣﻤﺪ بن الحسن الكلبي) was the second Kalbid Emir of Sicily. He was the son of the first Kalbid emir, al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi, who ruled the island on behalf of the Fatimid Caliphate. Ahmad succeeded his father in May 953 until 968, apart from a brief interruption in 958/9. In the 960s, he led the completion of the Muslim conquest of Sicily by capturing the last Byzantine strongholds of Taormina and Rometta and defeating a Byzantine relief expedition. He was recalled to Ifriqiya to participate in the upcoming Fatimid conquest of Egypt, and died there shortly after.

Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya (Arabic: إفريقية, romanized: Ifrīqya, lit. 'Africa') was a medieval historical region comprising today's Tunisia, eastern Algeria, and Tripolitania (roughly western Libya), particularly the region between the sea and the edges of the Sahara. It included all of what had previously been the Byzantine province of Africa Proconsularis and extended beyond it, but did not include the Mauretanias.

Ifriqiya is bordered to the west by the Central Maghreb, with which the borders are fluid depending on the chroniclers and the era. For most of its early history, the capital of Ifriqiya was Qayrawan (Kairouan), but in some periods it moved to Mahdiya (Mahdia) and later it remained at Tunis.
Yinka Ilori
Olay Yinka Ilori (born April 1987) is a British-Nigerian artist and designer known for his playful design language and the bold use of bright colours. His work includes architecture, public spaces and sculptural installations, interior design, graphic design, homewares, textiles, fashion, and furniture. He is a storyteller who uses design as a medium, often referencing his British and Nigerian heritage. The New York Times Style Magazine described Ilori as "one of '12 Talents Shaping the Design World'", and Abitare referred to him as belonging "to a more open-minded and inclusive generation that sees design as offering a possible response to social and environmental changes."

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
Ett gammalt fult och elakt troll det var en gång
"Ett gammalt fult och elakt troll det var en gång" known also for the shorter title "Det var en gång" (meaning "Once upon a time") is a traditional Swedish children's song, with music and lyrics by Felix Körling. Using references to several geographical locations, the song lyrics describe a troll, his wife and cat arriving in Sweden by hot air balloon.

The song was first published in the collection Misse-Måns och andra visor in 1918.

An early recording of the song was made by Märta Ekström, with Otto Nordlund accompanying on the piano was performed on December 16, 1929, and released on a single in December 1930, entitled "Det var en gång" alongside the song "Precis som i sagan" again composed by Felix Körling.

More recently, the song was recorded by Peter Himmelstrand and released in 1978.

Ingeborg (Immi) Hellén wrote lyrics in Finnish, with the title "Oli kerran vanha peikko". The lyrics in Finnish use different geographical locations.

Wife
A wife (pl.: wives) is a woman in a marital relationship. A woman who has separated from her partner continues to be a wife until their marriage is legally dissolved with a divorce judgment; or until death, depending on the kind of marriage. On the death of her partner, a wife is referred to as a widow. The rights and obligations of a wife to her partner and her status in the community and law vary between cultures and have varied over time.
Battle of White Wolf Mountain
The Battle of White Wolf Mountain was fought in 207 in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China, preceding the Three Kingdoms period. The battle took place in northern China, beyond the frontiers of the ruling Eastern Han dynasty. It was fought between the warlord Cao Cao and the nomadic Wuhuan tribes, who were allied with Cao Cao's rivals Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi. The victory attained by Cao Cao dashed the hopes of a Wuhuan dominion, and the Wuhuan eventually became weakened, lost importance, and were gradually absorbed into the Han population or the Xianbei tribes, although they would continue to exist under different names until the 10th century AD.

Chanyu
Chanyu (simplified Chinese: 单于; traditional Chinese: 單于; pinyin: Chányú) or Shanyu (Chinese: 善于), short for Chengli Gutu Chanyu (Chinese: 撐犁孤塗單于; pinyin: Chēnglí Gūtu Chányú), was the title used by the supreme rulers of Inner Asian nomads for eight centuries  until superseded by the title "Khagan" in 402 AD.  The title was most famously used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).  It was later also used infrequently by the Chinese as a reference to Tujue leaders.
Matin (surname)
Matin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abdul Karim Matin, Pashtun politician

Abdul Matin (actor) (born 1980), Nepali actor

Abdul Matin (language activist) (born 1926), Bangladeshi language activist

Abdul Matin (poet), Indian poet

Abdul Matin (politician), Bangladeshi politician

Abdul Matin (Taliban leader), Afghan Taliban leader

Ahmad Matin-Daftari (1897–1971), Iranian Prime Minister

M. A. Matin (officer), Bangladeshi army officer

M.A. Matin (politician) (died 2012), Bangladeshi politician

Abdul Matin (actor)
Abdul Matin (born 15 February 1980), better known as Martin Khan, is a Nepalese actor and costume designer from Kisangunj, Bihar, India. As an actor, he has started from the music video called Mero Saath sing by hit singer Nabin K Bhattrai in 2001. As a Costume Designer he started from Nepali Movie called Mero euta Sathi Chha in 2009. His debut movie was Facebook in the year of 2011 Directed by Suraj Subba “Nalbo”. His most successful movie was Kohinoor which is All-time blockbuster at Nepali Film Industry History. He has an executive chairman of Factory Outlet Pvt.Ltd (Pocket) and also Managing Director of New OOPSS Pink Girly Traders.

Music Video

Filmography
Luhamaa
Luhamaa is a small area in Setomaa Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia, on the Russian border. The Luhamaa border crossing is located on the European route E77 (road from Pskov to Riga).

The official Luhamaa village was abolished in 1997 by dividing the lands between Hindsa, Määsi and Pruntova villages. The border crossing is officially located on the territory of Lütä village.

On 5 September 2014 Eston Kohver, an Estonian counterintelligence officer, was kidnapped at gunpoint from the border checkpoint, while he was in the process of interdicting a crossborder crime. The abductors had jammed communications and used smoke grenades. The abducted officer was taken to Russia. Later on the same day the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) claimed the responsibility for the abduction of the officer. The FSB, however, maintains that he was taken from within Russian territory.

European route E77
European route E 77 is a part of the inter-European road system. This Class A intermediate north–south route is 1,690 km (1,050 mi) long and it connects the Baltic Sea with the central part of the continent.
Kidan Habesha
Kidan habesha (alt. ije tebab) is a clothing style from Eritrea, particularly among the Tigrinya ethnolinguistic group. It comprises a white shirt and pants. Then a thin, gauze-like, fabric is wrapped around the shoulders and chest. Sometimes, men take the extra material and wrap it around their waist making a skirt on top of their pants, then wrap it around their shoulders. For men it is a traditional dress, seldom seen except on ceremonial occasions (e.g., weddings, etc.).

Gauze
Gauze is a thin, translucent fabric with a loose open weave.  In technical terms, "gauze" is a weave structure in which the weft yarns are arranged in pairs and are crossed before and after each warp yarn, keeping the weft firmly in place. This weave structure is used to add stability to the fabric, which is important when using fine yarns loosely spaced. However, this weave structure can be used with any weight of yarn, and can be seen in some rustic textiles made from coarse hand-spun plant fiber yarns. Gauze is widely used for medical dressings.

Gauze can also be made of non-woven fabric.
Cider mill
A cider mill, also known as a cidery, is the location and equipment used to crush apples into apple juice for use in making apple cider, hard cider, applejack, apple wine, pectin and other products derived from apples. More specifically, it refers to a device used to crush or grind apples as part of the overall juice production.

The mills used to manufacture, ferment, store, and ship juice products are usually located near apple orchards. Historically, the types of structure and machinery have varied greatly—including horse powered, water driven, and machine operated mills. The presses can be fixed or portable.

Cider mills were subject to legal proceedings in New York state in the 1800s over whether they were "fixed to freeholds" and other cases addressing legal designation as to what kind of property a cider mill is.

Apple juice
Apple juice is a fruit juice made by the maceration and pressing of an apple. The resulting expelled juice may be further treated by enzymatic and centrifugal clarification to remove the starch and pectin, which holds fine particulate in suspension, and then pasteurized for packaging in glass, metal, or aseptic processing system containers, or further treated by dehydration processes to a concentrate.

Due to the complex and costly equipment required to extract and clarify juice from apples in large volume, apple juice is normally produced commercially. In the United States, unfiltered fresh apple juice is made by smaller operations in areas of high apple production, in the form of unclarified apple cider. Apple juice is one of the most common fruit juices globally, with world production led by China, Poland, the United States, and Germany.
Magic Two
Magic Two is an expanded re-release of the live Jorma Kaukonen album, Magic, containing performances of acoustic songs recorded during his solo tour in 1984. After Hot Tuna had released two new live albums in the early 1990s on Relix Records (Live at Sweetwater and Live at Sweetwater Two), Michael Falzarano remastered and produced new versions of the previous vinyl releases Kaukonen had made for Relix in the 1980s. Magic Two was the first remastered release.

Hot Tuna
Hot Tuna is an American blues rock band formed in 1969 by former Jefferson Airplane members Jorma Kaukonen (guitar/vocals) and Jack Casady (bass). Although it has always been a fluid aggregation, with musicians coming and going over the years, the band's center has always been Kaukonen and Casady's ongoing collaboration.
Paul Bell (politician)
Paul A. Bell (October 3, 1950 – June 7, 2010) was an American politician who served as Iowa State Representative from the 57th and 41st Districts. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from the 57th District (1993 - 2003) and the 41st District from 2003 and until his death in June 2010.  He received his BA from the University of Northern Iowa.

Bell served on several committees in the Iowa House—the Ethics committee; the Public Safety committee; the Transportation committee; the Veterans Affairs committee; and the Natural Resources committee, where he was chair.  He also served on the Agriculture and Natural Resources Appropriations Subcommittee.

Bell was re-elected in 2006 with 7,303 votes (63%), defeating Republican opponent Adam Vandall.

Bell died at the Skiff Medical Center in Newton, Iowa on June 7, 2010, after a year-long battle with stomach cancer.

Newton, Iowa
Newton is the county seat of and the most populous city in Jasper County, Iowa, United States. Located 30 miles (48 km) east of Des Moines, Newton is in Central Iowa. As of the 2020 Census, the city population was 15,760. It is the home of Iowa Speedway and Maytag Dairy Farms.
Half Rate
Half Rate (HR or GSM-HR or GSM 06.20) is a speech coding system for GSM, developed in the early 1990s.

Since the codec, operating at 5.6 kbit/s, requires half the bandwidth of the Full Rate codec, network capacity for voice traffic is doubled, at the expense of audio quality. The sampling rate is 8 kHz with resolution 13 bit, frame length 160 samples (20 ms) and subframe length 40 samples (5 ms).

GSM Half Rate is specified in ETSI EN 300 969 (GSM 06.20), and uses a form of the VSELP algorithm. Previous specification was in ETSI ETS 300 581–2, which first edition was published in December 1995.

For some Nokia phones one can configure the use of this codec:

To activate HR codec use enter the following code: *4720#

To deactivate HR codec use enter the following code: #4720#

Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

This definition of bandwidth contrasts with usage in signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel.
Puerto Rico Highway 633
Puerto Rico Highway 633 (PR-633) is an east–west rural road located between the municipalities of Ciales and Morovis in Puerto Rico. With a length of 4.3 km (2.7 mi), it begins at its intersection with PR-149 in Hato Viejo barrio and ends at its junction with PR-155 in Barahona.

Morovis, Puerto Rico
Morovis (Spanish pronunciation: [moˈɾoβis], locally [moˈɾoβiʔ]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the central region of the island, north of Orocovis, south of Manatí, Vega Baja and Vega Alta; east of Ciales, and west of Corozal. Morovis is spread over 13 barrios and Morovis Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Phonovoltaic
A phonovoltaic (pV) cell converts vibrational (phonons) energy into a direct current much like the photovoltaic effect in a photovoltaic (PV) cell converts light (photon) into power. That is, it uses a p-n junction to separate  the electrons and holes generated as valence electrons absorb optical phonons more energetic than the band gap,  and then collects them in the metallic contacts for use in a circuit. The pV cell is an application of heat transfer physics and competes with other thermal energy harvesting devices like the thermoelectric generator.

While the thermoelectric generator converts heat, a broad spectrum of phonon and electron energy, to electricity, the pV cell converts only a narrow band of phonon energy, i.e., only the most energetic optical phonon modes. A narrow band of excited optical phonons has much less entropy than heat.  Thus, the pV cell can exceed the thermoelectric efficiency.  However, exciting and harvesting the optical phonon poses a challenge.

Boron nitride
Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN. It exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice. The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorphs, and is therefore used as a lubricant and an additive to cosmetic products. The cubic (zincblende aka sphalerite structure) variety analogous to diamond is called c-BN; it is softer than diamond, but its thermal and chemical stability is superior.

Because of excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are used in high-temperature equipment and metal casting. Boron nitride has potential use in nanotechnology.
John Wheeler House (Murfreesboro, North Carolina)
John Wheeler House is a historic home located in the Murfreesboro Historic District at Murfreesboro, Hertford County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1805, and is a two-story, three-bay, vernacular Federal-style Flemish bond brick dwelling with a central passage plan.  The front facade features a later two-story pedimented portico.  It was the birthplace of John H. Wheeler (1806-1882) and later home of Congressman Jesse Johnson Yeates (1829-1892).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Hertford County, North Carolina
Hertford County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,552. Its county seat is Winton. It is classified within the region known in the 21st century as the Inner Banks.
Great Jalayirid Shahnameh
The Great Jalayirid Shahnameh is a supposed lost illustrated manuscript of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the national epic of Greater Iran. It is thought to have been produced during the mid-14th century, during the reigns of Hasan Buzurg (1336–1356) and Uways (1356–1374). The manuscript does not exist in its entirety, and its paintings have survived only through their inclusion in albums of sketches and individual paintings currently held in the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul. Through comparison to other Shahnameh manuscripts, including the Great Mongol Shahnameh, Bernard O'Kane has argued for the existence of a unified Jalayirid Shahnameh manuscript, from which several paintings in the Topkapi albums were taken.

Shahnameh
The Shahnameh is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of Iran from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.
Auguste Mingels
Auguste Mingels (24 March 1921 – 20 May 1973) was a Belgian professional motocross racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1947 to 1957. Mingels is notable for winning two consecutive F.I.M. 500cc European motocross championships in 1953 and 1954. Les Archer, who won the 1956 European motocross championship, considered Mingels to be one of the best European motocross riders of his era.

Les Archer Jr.
Leslie Archer, best known as Les Archer Jr. (27 February 1929 – 18 December 2019), was an English former leading motorcycle racer of the 1950s, competing in long-distance speed trials, road racing and scrambles, now known as motocross.

He was the son of Les Archer, also a top motorcycle racer from the 1920s. Archer is notable for winning the 1956 F.I.M. 500cc European Motocross Championship on a highly modified Manx Norton.
If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time
"If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time" is a song by American singer R. Kelly, released as the fifth single from his third album, R. (1998). The song is a ballad about a man wishing he could go back in time and repair his relationship with his girlfriend. The song peaked at number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and became a top-10 hit across Europe, peaking at number one in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.

R. (R. Kelly album)
R. is the third solo album by American singer R. Kelly, released as a double album on November 10, 1998, by Jive Records. It marked the first time Kelly worked with other producers as opposed to producing the entire album himself. Its cover artwork uses the same image of Kelly from his 1993 debut 12 Play, only in silhouette form against a red and black background.

Upon its release, R. went to number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number two on the US Billboard 200, selling over 216,000 copies in its first week of sales. It spawned Kelly's second number-one Billboard Hot 100 hit, "I'm Your Angel", as well as the number-one Top R&B hit "I Believe I Can Fly", which had been released two years earlier on the Space Jam soundtrack. R. is currently Kelly's best-selling release to date, having sold over eight million copies in the United States and over 12.4 million copies worldwide.