hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mangalore railway station
Mangalore is a closed station located in the township of Mangalore, at the junction of the North East and Goulburn Valley railway lines in Victoria, Australia. The station was one of 35 closed to passenger traffic on 4 October 1981 as part of the New Deal for Country Passengers. The former station building was moved from the site, and currently sits in a yard on the way into nearby Avenel.

The station was located on a triangular wedge between the two lines, and was once the end of the double track from Melbourne. The signal box at the station was closed in 1989 when the junction of the North East and Goulburn Valley lines was moved to Seymour, and the two lines worked independently.

Signalling control
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were known by a variety of names including signal box (International and British) and interlocking tower (North America). London Underground call them signalling cabins, and the Great Central Railway referred to them as signal cabins. Currently these decentralised systems are being consolidated into wide scale signalling centres or dispatch offices. Whatever the form, signalling control provides an interface between the human signal operator and the lineside signalling equipment. The technical apparatus used to control switches (points), signals and block systems is called interlocking.
Rail transport in Ethiopia
Rail transport in Ethiopia is done within the National Railway Network of Ethiopia, which currently consists of three electrified standard gauge railway lines: the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway, the Awash–Weldiya Railway and the Weldiya–Mekelle Railway. Other lines are still in the planning phase. There is also an urban light rail system in the country's capital, the Addis Ababa Light Rail.

All railways in Ethiopia are owned and operated by an Ethiopian state-owned enterprise, the Ethiopian Railway Corporation (ERC). A planned legislation opens rail transport to the private sector, from the construction of rail infrastructure to the operation of the same infrastructure and on to the operation of privately owned trains.

Kombolcha
Kombolcha (Amharic: ኮምቦልቻ) is a town and district in north-central Ethiopia. Located in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, it has a latitude and longitude of 11°5′N 39°44′E﻿ / ﻿11.083°N 39.733°E﻿ / 11.083; 39.733 with an elevation between 1842 and 1915 meters above sea level. Some guide books describe Kombolcha as the twin town of Dessie which lies some 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the northwest.
The Curtain Pole
The Curtain Pole is a 1909 American silent short comedy film directed by D. W. Griffith. A print of the film still exists. The film was made by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company when it and many other early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based in Fort Lee, New Jersey at the beginning of the 20th century.

Film studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; however, most firms in the entertainment industry have never had their own studios, but have rented space from other companies instead. Day-to-day filming operations are generally handled by a production company subsidiary.

Another type of company is an independently owned studio facility, which does not produce motion pictures by itself; such facilities only sell studio space.
Carbamate poisoning
Carbamate poisoning is poisoning due to exposure to carbamates, which are commonly sold as pesticides around the world. In most respects, it is similar to organophosphate poisoning, though typically less severe or requiring a larger amount of the chemical before symptoms appear.

Poisoning
Poisoning is the harmful effect which occurs when toxic substances are introduced into the body.  The term "poisoning" is a derivative of poison, a term describing any chemical substance that may harm or kill a living organism upon ingestion. Poisoning can be brought on by swallowing, inhaling, injecting or absorbing toxins through the skin. Toxicology is the practice and study of symptoms, mechanisms, diagnoses, and treatments correlated to poisoning.
Painesville-on-the-Lake, Ohio
Painesville-on-the-Lake is an unincorporated community in northern Painesville Township, Lake County, Ohio, United States.  It lies along the shoreline of Lake Erie north of the county seat of Painesville.  The short Hardy Road connects the community to State Route 535. The nearest major airport is Cleveland Hopkins International Airport.

Ohio State Route 535
State Route 535 (SR 535) is an east–west state highway in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The western terminus of State Route 535 is at a signalized intersection with State Route 283 in the northwestern portion of Painesville, and just north of State Route 283's interchange with State Route 2.  The route’s eastern terminus is at a signalized T-intersection with U.S. Route 20 about 1.25 miles (2.01 km) northeast of Painesville.

Created in the late 1930s, the route begins on a portion of Richmond Street which becomes High Street in Fairport Harbor; the route then follows East Street toward the north.  It then turns east onto Fairport Nursery Road, following that road all the way to its terminus at U.S. Route 20, which is just east of State Route 535’s interchange with State Route 2.
British University College
British University College is a private higher education institution in Myanmar, located in Tamwe Township, Yangon. Establish in 2017. It is in partnership with the University of Sunderland in the United Kingdom and offers BA(Hons) in Business Management, BSc (Hons) in Computer Science and Master of Business Administration.

In accordance with the directives of the Ministry of Education of Myanmar, British University College was officially renamed British United College on February 18, 2025.

University of Sunderland
The University of Sunderland is a public research university located in Sunderland in the North East of England. Its predecessor, Sunderland Technical College, was established as a municipal training college in 1901. It gained university status in 1992. It now has campuses in Sunderland, London and Hong Kong, and has about 21,000 students as of 2022.
USS New Orleans (CL-22)
USS New Orleans (later designated PG-34 then CL-22) was a United States Navy protected cruiser of the New Orleans class.

She was laid down in 1895 as Amazonas for the Brazilian Navy by Armstrong, Mitchell and Company, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, launched on 4 December 1896, purchased by the U.S. Navy while building on 16 March 1898; and commissioned 18 March 1898 at Gravesend, England.

Fort Wint
Fort Wint was part of the harbor defenses of Manila and Subic Bays built by the Philippine Department of the United States Army between 1907 and 1920 in response to recommendations of the Taft Board prior to the non-fortification clause of the Washington Naval Treaty.  Fort Wint was located on Grande Island at the entrance of Subic Bay, approximately 35 miles (56 km) north of Manila Bay. The fort was named for Brigadier General Theodore J. Wint. As specified in the National Defense Act of 1935, this was one of the locations where coastal artillery training was conducted.  A battery of the 60th Coast Artillery (AA) was stationed here.
Michael P. Walsh (Jesuit)
Michael Patrick Walsh SJ (February 28, 1912 – April 23, 1982) was an American Catholic priest, Jesuit, and biologist. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1929, was ordained a priest in 1941, and received his doctorate in biology from Fordham University in 1948. Walsh became a professor and later chairman of the department of biology at Boston College.

In 1958, Walsh was appointed the president of Boston College. He oversaw the construction of 15 new buildings, the creation of many new doctoral programs, and the overhaul of the undergraduate curriculum. He also reduced the requirements of students to attend daily Mass and annual retreats.

In 1969, Walsh left Boston College to become the president of Fordham University. He significantly improved the school's distressed finances and increased enrollment. He oversaw a period of significant campus turmoil, in part related to the Vietnam War. Walsh returned to Boston in 1972, where he spent his final years.

Boston College High School
Boston College High School (also known as BC High) is an all-male, Jesuit, Catholic college-preparatory day school in the Columbia Point neighborhood of Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts. It educates approximately 1,400 students in grades 7–12. Founded in 1863 as a constituent part of Boston College, the school separated from the college in 1927.
The Song of the Happy Shepherd
"The Song of the Happy Shepherd" is a poem by William Butler Yeats.

It was first published under this title in his first book, The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems, but in fact the same poem had appeared twice before: as an epilogue to Yeats' poem The Isle of Statues, and again as an epilogue to his verse play Mosada.  On the first of these occasions, the poem was said to be spoken by a satyr carrying a conch shell.

In the poem, the shepherd mourns the death of the old pastoral world and rejects modern science and materialism, arguing instead that "Words alone are certain good". However, the shepherd's own arguments cast doubt on his viewpoint. He describes a shell (representing poetry) as offering only brief comfort and "guile". He also announces a plan to revive a faun with his singing, but compares his own plan to a dream.

Pastoral
The pastoral genre of literature, art, or music depicts an idealised form of the shepherd's lifestyle – herding livestock around open areas of land according to the seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture.  The target audience is typically an urban one. A pastoral is a work of this genre. A piece of music in the genre is usually referred to as a pastorale.

The genre is also known as bucolic, from the Greek βουκολικόν, from βουκόλος, meaning a cowherd.
Milton Hanauer
Milton Loeb Hanauer (5 August 1908 – 16 April 1988) was a public school principal, chess master and Marshall Chess Club official.

Born in Harrison, New York, He is best known for running the New York school competition that became known as the Hanauer League and for writing the book Chess Made Simple.

His playing career is not well known, but he played on the silver medal winning US team in the 2nd Chess Olympiad at The Hague 1928, he qualified for four US Championships, and he won games from Reuben Fine and Isaac Kashdan.

Marshall Chess Club
40°44′03″N 73°59′48″W﻿ / ﻿40.7341°N 73.9967°W﻿ / 40.7341; -73.9967

The Marshall Chess Club, in Greenwich Village, New York City, is one of the oldest chess clubs in the United States. The club was formed in 1915 by a group of players led by Frank Marshall. It is a nonprofit organization and a gold affiliate of the United States Chess Federation.
Tovačov
Tovačov (German: Tobitschau) is a town in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,500 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Niagara Purple Eagles men's ice hockey
The Niagara Purple Eagles men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Niagara University. The Purple Eagles are members of Atlantic Hockey America. They play at the Dwyer Arena in Lewiston, New York.

Niagara University
Niagara University (NU) is a private Catholic university in Lewiston, New York, United States. Based in the Vincentian tradition, it is run by the Congregation of the Mission and enrolls approximately 3,700 students. Approximately half of the student body lives on campus, while the other half commute from the surrounding area. The campus area was listed as a census-designated place in 2020, with a population of 940.
Better Now (Måns Zelmerlöw song)
"Better Now"  is a song by Swedish singer Måns Zelmerlöw. The song was released as a digital download on 17 May 2019 through Warner Music Group as the second single from his eighth studio album Time. The song peaked at number 79 on the Swedish Singles Chart. The song was written by Måns Zelmerlöw, Emma Rohan, Peter Mark Hammerton and Tom Mann.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
The Vintage Caravan
The Vintage Caravan are a rock band from Álftanes, Iceland. The band was formed in 2006 by Óskar Logi Ágústsson and Guðjón Reynisson before bassist Alexander Örn Númason joined after the first studio album. As of 2025, the band have released six studio albums along with one live album and are currently signed with Napalm Records.

Sena (company)
Sena is an Icelandic company that specializes in event planning and promotion, movie distribution, entertainment and corporate events. It was founded in 2005 following Skífan's rebranding as Dagur Group as its distribution division.

Sena also runs the Smárabíó (located at Smáralind shopping mall in Kópavogur), Háskólabíó and Borgarbíó Akureyri movie theaters.
Asphondylia artemisiae
Asphondylia artemisiae is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. The larvae of this species induce galls on at least one species of sagebrush Artemisia (plant). This species is only known from Arizona in the United States. It was first described by American entomologist Ephraim Porter Felt in 1908.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Paul D'Amour
Paul D'Amour (born 1968 or 1969) is an American musician who was the original bassist for Tool. His bass sound is recognized by the aggressive picked tone he developed with his Chris Squire Signature Rickenbacker 4001CS, which can be heard on Tool's first full-length album, Undertow. Since March 2019, he has been the bassist for industrial metal band Ministry.

Chris Squire
Christopher Russell Edward Squire (4 March 1948 – 27 June 2015) was an English musician, singer and songwriter best known as the bassist and backing vocalist of the progressive rock band Yes. He was the longest-serving original member, having remained in the band until his death. In 2017, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.

Squire was widely regarded as the dominant bassist among the English progressive rock bands, influencing peers and later generations of bassists with his incisive sound and elaborately contoured, melodic bass lines. His name was associated with his trademark instrument, the Rickenbacker 4001 (British model RM1999). From 1991 to 2000, Rickenbacker produced a limited-edition signature model bass in his name, the 4001CS.
Feelin' Groovy
Feelin' Groovy is the debut album by the American sunshine pop band Harpers Bizarre, released in 1967.

The record peaked at #108 on Billboard's Top 200 Albums chart in May 1967. Over on the Hot 100 Singles chart, "The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)" peaked at #13 in February 1967 and "Come to the Sunshine" peaked at #37 the following May.

Alan and Marilyn Bergman
Alan Bergman (September 11, 1925 – July 17, 2025) and Marilyn Keith Bergman (née Katz; November 10, 1928 – January 8, 2022) were an American songwriting duo. Married from 1958 until Marilyn's death, together they wrote music and lyrics for numerous celebrated television, film, and stage productions. The Bergmans enjoyed a successful career, honored with four Emmys, three Oscars, and two Grammys (including Song of the Year). They are in the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Church of Our Lady of the Rosary (Vitória)
The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary (Portuguese: Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church located in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. It is one of numerous churches across Brazil constructed by the Afro-Brazilian brotherhood associated with Our Lady of the Rosary (Nossa Senhora do Rosário). The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary in Vila Velha was listed as a historic structure by National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1950.

Our Lady of the Rosary
Our Lady of the Rosary (Latin: Beatae Mariae Virginis a Rosario), also known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, is a Marian title.

The Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, formerly known as Feast of Our Lady of Victory and Feast of the Holy Rosary is celebrated on 7 October in the General Roman Calendar. 7 October is the anniversary of the decisive victory of the combined fleet of the Holy League of 1571 over the Ottoman Navy at the Battle of Lepanto.

In the Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Church, the feast is optionally celebrated on 7 October, under the title The Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
2981 Chagall
2981 Chagall, provisionally designated 1981 EE20, is a Themistian asteroid from the asteroid belt, discovered on 2 March 1981 by American astronomer Schelte Bus at Siding Spring Observatory in New South Wales, Australia.

The asteroid was named after the Russian-French painter Marc Chagall (1887–1985).

Siding Spring Observatory
Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia, part of the Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics (RSAA) at the Australian National University (ANU), incorporates the Anglo-Australian Telescope along with a collection of other telescopes owned by the Australian National University, the University of New South Wales, and other institutions.  The observatory is situated 1,165 metres (3,822 ft) above sea level in the Warrumbungle National Park on Mount Woorat, also known as Siding Spring Mountain. Siding Spring Observatory is owned by the Australian National University (ANU) and is part of the Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories research school.

More than A$100 million worth of research equipment is located at the observatory. There are over 60 telescopes on site, though not all are operational.
Ludewig
Ludewig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dieterich Bernhard Ludewig (1707–1740), German organist

Elsa Ludewig-Verdehr (born 1936), American clarinetist

Frank A. Ludewig (1863–1940), Dutch architect

Heinz Ludewig (1889–1950), German footballer

Johanna Ludewig (1891–1958), German politician

Johannes Ludewig (born 1945), German businessman

Jörg Ludewig (born 1975), German cyclist

Uwe Ludewig (born 1967), German agricultural scientist

Frank A. Ludewig
Franciscus Adrianus "Frank" Ludewig (22 October 1863 – 16 September 1940) was a Dutch architect who lived and worked mostly in the United States. He is primarily known for his church architecture. Two of the buildings which he designed are on the National Register of Historic Places.
Faradaic current
In electrochemistry, the faradaic current is the electric current generated by the reduction or oxidation of some chemical substance at an electrode (i.e. by the redox reaction between a substance and an electrode). The net faradaic current is the algebraic sum of all the faradaic currents flowing through an indicator electrode or working electrode.

Reduction potential
Redox potential (also known as oxidation / reduction potential, ORP, pe, , or ) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons from or lose electrons to an electrode and thereby be reduced or oxidised respectively. Redox potential is expressed in volts (V). Each species has its own intrinsic redox potential; for example, the more positive the reduction potential (reduction potential is more often used due to general formalism in electrochemistry), the greater the species' affinity for electrons and tendency to be reduced.
Fides Bluff
Fides Bluff is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located on the north coast of Kangaroo Island in the gazetted locality of De Mole River about 70 kilometres (43 miles) west of the municipal seat of Kingscote.

It was named by the Government of South Australia on 23 October 2003 to commemorate the loss of the Finnish barque Fides which was wrecked on the nearby coastline on 22 May 1860 with the loss of her captain and 10 of her 14 crew.  A plaque was unveiled at Fides Bluff by Mike Rann, the Premier of South Australia, and Anneli Puura-Märkälä, the Finnish Ambassador to Australia on 7 December 2003 to commemorate the naming of the headland.

Premier of South Australia
The Premier of South Australia is the head of government in the Australian state of South Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with the Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The Premier is appointed by the Governor of South Australia, and by modern convention holds office by virtue of their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the House of Assembly.

Peter Malinauskas is the current Premier, having served since 21 March 2022. Thomas Playford IV is the longest serving Premier, and the longest serving head of government in Australian history, serving for over 26 years from 1938 until 1965, holding on to power thanks the Playmander.
Grebnevo
Grebnevo (Russian: Гребнево) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Grebnevo, Moscow Oblast, a village in Grebnevskoye Rural Settlement of Shchyolkovsky District of Moscow Oblast

Grebnevo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Purekhovsky Selsoviet of Chkalovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Grebnevo, Ryazan Oblast, a selo in Grebnevsky Rural Okrug of Starozhilovsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Ryazan Oblast
Ryazan Oblast (Russian: Рязанская область, romanized: Ryazanskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city.