hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Malcolm Smith (climber)
Malcolm Smith (born 1973, Dunbar, Scotland) is a Scottish rock climber and competition climber who won the bouldering IFSC Climbing World Cup in 2002.

Smith is known for tough training regimes in his bouldering and Sport Climbing. He is one of only a handful of climbers to have repeated Fred Nicole's boulder problem, Dreamtime V14 (8B+) at Cresciano, and has made first ascents of boulder problems up to 8B+ (V14), such as Monk Life in Northumberland, and Pilgrimage at Parisella's Cave in North Wales.  Smith has also competed internationally in bouldering competitions, winning the 2002 IFSC Climbing World Cup.

An accomplished sport climber he repeated many of the UK’s hardest sport routes in the 1990’s and made the first ascent of Scotlands first F9a, Hunger, in 2010.

When he was aged 18, in 1992 he repeated Ben Moon's sport climbing route Hubble, at Raven Tor.He started climbing in 1988.

He is the brother of Scottish visual artist Sandy Smith.

Hubble (climb)
Hubble is a short 10-metre (33 ft) bolted sport climb at the limestone crag of Raven Tor in Millers Dale, in the Peak District in Derbyshire, England.  When Hubble was first redpointed by English climber Ben Moon on 14 June 1990, it became the first-ever climb in the world to have a consensus climbing grade of 8c+ (5.14c); and the highest grade in the English system at E9 7b.
Sanmon
A sanmon (三門 or 山門) or sangedatsumon (三解脱門, lit. "gate of the three liberations") is the most important mon of a Japanese Zen Buddhist temple, and is part of the Zen shichidō garan, the group of buildings that forms the heart of a Zen Buddhist temple. It can be often found in temples of other denominations too. Most sanmon are 2- or 3-bay nijūmon (a type of two-storied gate), but the name by itself does not imply any specific architecture.

Nanzen-ji
Nanzen-ji (南禅寺; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜn.dzeɲ.dʑi]), or Zuiryusan Nanzen-ji, formerly Zenrin-ji (禅林寺, Zenrin-ji), is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan. Emperor Kameyama established it in 1291 on the site of his previous detached palace. It is also the headquarters of the Nanzen-ji branch of Rinzai Zen. The precincts of Nanzen-ji are a nationally designated Historic Site and the Hōjō gardens a Place of Scenic Beauty. The temple was destroyed in a fire in 1895 and rebuilt in 1909.
Ring junger Bünde
The Ring junger Bünde (RjB) is an umbrella organization of about 20 independent and self-responsible interreligious German Scout and Wandervogel youth associations, based in Witzenhausen and established in 1964. RjB and all the youth organizations represented in it profess the Declaration of Principles adopted at Meißnertag in 1963.

RjB has troops in Germany, Austria and Spain (mostly coeducational, estimated 6,000 members). Among its members are the Deutscher Pfadfinderbund (interreligious, coeducational, 3,000 members) as well as the Deutsche Freischar.

Witzenhausen
Witzenhausen (German pronunciation: [vɪtsn̩ˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a small town in the Werra-Meißner-Kreis in northeastern Hesse, Germany.

It was granted town rights in 1225, and until 1974 was a district seat.

The University of Kassel maintains a satellite campus in Witzenhausen, which offers an ecological agricultural sciences programme, putting Witzenhausen among Germany's smallest university towns. There is also a teaching institute (DEULA) for environment and technology, agriculture, horticulture and landscaping. The town is nationally known for the invention of the Biotonne biological refuse container, and is an important cherry-growing area, with a yearly Kesperkirmes or “Cherry Fair” (Kesper is a regional name for the cherry), at which a Cherry Queen (Kirschenkönigin) is chosen.
Wernya sechuana
Wernya sechuana is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Gyula M. László, Gábor Ronkay and László Aladár Ronkay in 2001. It is found in the Chinese provinces of Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan.

Drepanidae
The Drepanidae are a family of moths with about 660 species described worldwide. They are generally divided in three subfamilies, which share the same type of hearing organ. Thyatirinae, previously often placed in their own family, bear a superficial resemblance to Noctuidae. Many species in the drepanid family have a distinctively hook-shaped apex to the fore wing, leading to their common name of hook-tips.

The larvae of many species are very distinctive, tapering to a point at the tail and usually resting with both head and tail raised. They usually feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating between leaves spun together with silk.
Greater Bristol
Greater Bristol is a term used for the conurbation which contains and surrounds the city of Bristol in the South West of England.  There is no official "Greater Bristol" authority, but the term is sometimes used by local, regional and national authorities, and others as a synonym for either the "Bristol Urban Area" or a wider area of the former County of Avon (sometimes the whole of the former County of Avon area), and by some, TfGB (Transport for Greater Bristol), to refer to the Province of Bristol as defined by C. B. Fawcett (1919) or Derek Senior (1969).

Bath and North East Somerset
Bath and North East Somerset (B&NES) is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Somerset, South West England. As its name suggests, it comprises the north-east part of Somerset including  the city of Bath, which is its administrative headquarters. It has an area of 136 square miles (352 km2).

The area was created on 1 April 1996 as part of the abolition of the county of Avon, and covers the same area as the former Avon districts of Wansdyke and Bath. Legally, it comprises a non-metropolitan county and a non-metropolitan district with identical boundaries. The area is governed by Bath and North East Somerset Council, which was created on the same date and which is constituted as a non-metropolitan district council with the responsibilities of a non-metropolitan county council. In addition to its headquarters in Bath, it also has offices in Keynsham. Other settlements in the area include Midsomer Norton, Radstock, Westfield, and Saltford.
Einar Østby
Einar Østby (17 September 1935 – 3 April 2022) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed during the early 1960s. He earned a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley and also finished fifth in the 15 km event as well. Østby also won a bronze medal in the 15 km event at the 1962 Nordic skiing World Championships.

Østby was born in Vinger on 17 September 1935. He was also an able long distance runner. His personal best times were 14:46.2 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in July 1959 at Bislett stadion, and 31:01.2 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in August 1962 in Drammen. He represented the club Jaren IL.

Østby died on 3 April 2022, at the age of 86.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
James W. LaBelle
James W. LaBelle (born June 21, 1958 in Denver, Colorado) is an American physicist. He received his B.S. from Stanford University in 1980, his M.S. from Cornell University in 1982 and his Ph.D. from Cornell in 1985. He is currently professor and former department chair in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire and has been a professor there since 1989. Since 2010, he has held the Lois L. Rodgers Professorship.

LaBelle's primary field of study is ionosphere and magnetosphere plasma physics. He was awarded a McMullen Fellowship for Graduate Study in 1980-1981, a Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1990-1995, and a Dartmouth Junior Faculty Fellowship in the spring of 1993.

In 2024, LaBelle signed a faculty letter expressing support for the actions of Dartmouth College president Sian Beilock, who ordered the arrests of 90 students and faculty members nonviolently protesting the Gaza war.

Magnetosphere
In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object, such as a planet or other object, in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field. It is created by a celestial body with an active interior dynamo.

In the space environment close to a planetary body with a dipole magnetic field such as Earth, the field lines resemble a simple magnetic dipole. Farther out, field lines can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma, as emitted from the Sun (i.e., the solar wind) or a nearby star. Planets having active magnetospheres, like the Earth, are capable of mitigating or blocking the effects of solar radiation or cosmic radiation. Interactions of particles and atmospheres with magnetospheres are studied under the specialized scientific subjects of plasma physics, space physics, and aeronomy.
Rail transport in Iraq
Rail transport in Iraq is owned and operated by the state-owned Iraqi Republic Railways.

The network comprises 2,272 kilometres (1,412 mi) of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge. It has one international interchange, with Syrian Railways at Rabiya. The system runs from Rabiya southward through Mosul, Baiji, and Baghdad to Basra, with a branch line from Shouaiba Junction (near Basra) to the ports of Khor Az Zubair and Umm Qasr, westward from Baghdad through Ramadi and Haqlaniya to Al-Qa'im and Husayba, with a branch line from Al-Qa'im to Akashat, and east–west from Haqlaniya through Bayji to Kirkuk.

Al-Qa'im (town)
Al-Qa'im (Arabic: القائم) is an Iraqi border town located nearly 400 km (248 mi) northwest of Baghdad near the Syrian border and situated along the Euphrates River, and located in the Al Anbar Governorate. It has a population of about 74,100 and it's the center of the Al-Qa'im District.

The Al-Qa'im border crossing connects Al-Qaim to close city Abu Kamal in Syria.
Terry Caffery
Terrance Michael Caffery (April 1, 1949 – August 3, 2022) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played for the New England Whalers and the Calgary Cowboys of the World Hockey Association, as well as for the Chicago Black Hawks and the Minnesota North Stars of the National Hockey League between 1969 and 1976.

Calgary Cowboys
The Calgary Cowboys were an ice hockey team that played two seasons in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1975 to 1977. The Cowboys played at the Stampede Corral in Calgary. The franchise was founded in 1972 as the Miami Screaming Eagles, though it never played a game in Miami. The team was based in Philadelphia  and Vancouver, known in both markets as the Blazers, before relocating to Calgary. The franchise folded in 1977.
1999 Ladies European Tour
The 1999 Ladies European Tour was a series of golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world which took place in 1999. The tournaments were sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour (LET).

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
Falls Mill, West Virginia
Falls Mill is an unincorporated community along U.S. Route 19 and West Virginia Route 4 in Braxton County, West Virginia, United States. The community is named for the nearby falls on the Little Kanawha River, where a mill formerly stood. The falls now mark the upstream limit of Burnsville Lake.

Little Kanawha River
The Little Kanawha River is a tributary of the Ohio River, 169 mi (269 km) long, in western West Virginia in the United States.  Via the Ohio, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 2,320 mi2 (6,009 km2) on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.  It served as an important commercial water route in the early history of West Virginia, particularly in the logging and petroleum industries.
Setong Sena
Setong Sena (1964-2015), was an Indian politician from Arunachal Pradesh. He was elected to the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Nampong Assembly constituency in 1995, 1999, 2004 and 2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election as a member of Indian National Congress.Sena has also served as the Speaker and Cabinet Minister in Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

He lost in 2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.

2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election of 2009 took place in October 2009, concurrently with the assembly elections in Maharashtra and Haryana. The elections were held in the state for all 60 Assembly seats on 2009-10-13. The results were declared on 2009-10-22. Chief Minister Dorjee Khandu's Indian National Congress party came back to power in the state with an increased majority, winning 42 seats in the 60 seat Assembly.
Da Sky's da Limit
Da Sky's Da Limit is the third studio album by American rapper Big Pokey, from Houston, Texas. It was released on August 6, 2002, via Wreckshop Records. The album peaked at #47 on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

Wreckshop Records
Wreckshop Records is an American independent record label based in Houston, Texas. Founded in 1997 by Derrick "D-Reck" Dixon, the label specializing in southern hip hop music. Artists such as Fat Pat, Big Moe, E.S.G., Pymp Tyte and Big Pokey have released records through Wreckshop.
Post-Islamism
Post-Islamism is a neologism in political science, the definition and applicability of which is disputed. Asef Bayat and Olivier Roy are among the main architects of the idea.

The term has been used by Bayat to refer to "a tendency" towards resecularizing of Islam after the "exhaustion" of political Islam; by Olivier Carré to refer to an era of Islamic history (following the decline of the Abbasids but before modernity) where the political-military and religious realms were separated; by Olivier Roy to a recognition that after repeated efforts Islamists had failed to establish a "concrete and viable blueprint for society"; and by Mustafa Akyol to refer to a reactionary opposition to Islamism in countries like Turkey, Iran, and Sudan.

Olivier Roy (political scientist)
Olivier Roy (born 1949 in La Rochelle) is a French political scientist, professor at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. He has published articles and books on secularisation and Islam including "Global Islam", and The Failure of Political Islam. He is known to have "a different view of radical Islam" than some other experts, seeing it as peripheral, Westernized and part of a radicalized and "virtual" rather than pious and "actual" Muslim community. More recently he has written on the Charlie Hebdo shooting, and the November 2015 Paris attacks.
Leopold Pokagon
Leopold Pokagon (c. 1775 – 1841) was a Potawatomi Wkema (leader).  Taking over from Topinbee, who became the head of the Potawatomi of the Saint Joseph River Valley in Michigan, a band that later took his name.

St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)
The Saint Joseph River (known locally as the Saint Joe) is a 210-mile-long (340 km) river that flows in a generally westerly direction through southern Michigan and northern Indiana, United States, before emptying into Lake Michigan. The Saint Joseph River drainage basin covers 4,685 square miles (12,130 km2), and is the third largest watershed draining to Lake Michigan. The land within its bounds is primarily used for agriculture. The river and its tributaries provide a variety of paddling and fishing environments. Historically, the river served as an important canoe transportation route for various Native American tribes, and for French Canadian Voyageurs.
Flora and fauna of Greenland
Although the bulk of its area is covered by ice caps inhospitable to most forms of life, Greenland's terrain and waters support a wide variety of plant and animal species. The northeastern part of the island is the world's largest national park. The flora and fauna of Greenland are strongly susceptible to changes associated with climate change.

The image galleries below link to information related to the flora and fauna of Greenland, including Latin taxonomy, Danish translations, and links to articles in the Danish Wikipedia, which can be helpful when searching for more information.

Northeast Greenland National Park
Northeast Greenland National Park (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq, Danish: Grønlands Nationalpark) is the world's largest national park and the 10th largest protected area (the only larger protected areas consist mostly of sea). Established in 1974, the Northeast Greenland national park expanded to its present size in 1988. It protects 972,000 km2 (375,000 mi2) of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is larger than the area of Tanzania, but smaller than that of Egypt. This means that the national park is bigger than 166 of the world's 195 countries. It was the first national park to be created in the Kingdom of Denmark and remains Greenland's only national park. It is the northernmost national park in the world and the second-largest by area of any second-level subdivision of any country in the world, trailing only the Qikiqtaaluk Region in Nunavut, Canada.
Klippe (coin)
A klippe is a square coin minted on more easily produced square flans either using round or square dies.  These coins were originally issued under unfavourable conditions, such as a city under siege.  Such emergency coins were issued in Vienna in 1529, while the city was besieged by the troops of the Ottoman Empire. However, by the seventeenth century, klippe were also commonly produced as presentation pieces, and medals. As well, some klippe coins were made as a regular strikes, such as the many variations of the city of Salzburg in Austria, where klippe coins were made in silver and gold for many centuries.

Die (manufacturing)
A die is a specialized machine tool used in manufacturing industries to cut and/or form material to a desired shape or profile. Stamping dies are used with a press, as opposed to drawing dies (used in the manufacture of wire) and casting dies (used in molding) which are not. Like molds, dies are generally customized to the item they are used to create.

Products made with dies range from simple paper clips to complex pieces used in advanced technology. Continuous-feed laser cutting may displace the analogous die-based process in the automotive industry, among others.
Picoto da Melriça
Picoto da Melriça is a monument and the geodesic centre of mainland Portugal. Constructed in 1802, the triangulation station sits on top of the Serra da Melriça, a 592 m (1,942 ft) high mountain range in the municipality of Vila de Rei, offering a 360° view of its surroundings. Despite being the geodesic centre, it is not the geometric centre of mainland Portugal, which is located in the neighboring Mação.

Predating the construction of the monument, Francisco António Ciera, a mathematician and cartographer was commanded by Maria I of Portugal to create a triangulation of the Kingdom of Portugal, a job he delegated from 1788 to 1803. The construction of the station took place in 1802.

A museum (Museu da Geodesia) was created in 2002 next to the monument.

Triangulation station
A triangulation station, also known as a trigonometrical point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity.

The station is usually set up by a mapping organisation with known coordinates and elevation published. Numerous stations are installed on summits for purposes of visibility and prominence. A graven metal plate on the top of a pillar may provide a mounting point for a theodolite or reflector, often using some form of kinematic coupling to ensure reproducible positioning.
Bjørn Strøm
Bjørn Strøm (born 11 December 1982 in Svolvær, Lofoten) is a Norwegian former football striker,.

His former clubs are FK Lofoten, Tromsø IL, Tromsdalen UIL, Tromsø IL (second time), FK Haugesund and Tromsdalen UIL (second time). He played one game in the Norwegian Premier League, in July 2005, and played for Haugesund in the 2007 Norwegian Cup final.

Tromsø IL
Tromsø Idrettslag (Northern Sami: Romssa Valáštallansearvi) is a Norwegian professional football club based in Tromsø. They play their home games at the Romssa Arena which has a seating capacity of 6,801. Tromsø play in the Eliteserien.

Despite never winning the Eliteserien title, they have finished as runner-up in 1990 and 2011. They have won the Norwegian Cup twice: in 1986 and 1996, and were runner-up in 2012. Their wins make them the northernmost football club in the world to have won a national title. Tromsø has competed in several UEFA competitions: the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Intertoto Cup, and UEFA Europa League.
Annular ligament of stapes
The annular stapedial ligament (also called the stapediovestibular joint) is a ring of fibrous soft tissue that connects the base of the stapes to the oval window of the inner ear.

Calcification and hardening of the annular ligament of the stapes (otosclerosis) is a common cause of adult deafness.

Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:

The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

The vestibular system, dedicated to balance.

The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with substantial variations in form and function. The inner ear is innervated by the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.
Nasirabad, Shurab-e Tangazi
Nasirabad (Persian: نصيراباد, also Romanized as Naşīrābād) is a village in Shurab-e Tangazi Rural District, in the Central District of Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2025 census, its population us 343, in 42 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.