hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yan (surname 严)
In 2008, the surname "严 (嚴)", pinyin Yán, or Yim in Cantonese was estimated to be the 92nd most common surname in the People's Republic of China, shared by around 2.2 million citizens. It is the 27th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.
This surname has various origins.  In the state of Chu, the branch of Xiong (熊) of the Zhuang surname (莊) was renamed to Yan (嚴).  The Zhuang (莊) family changed their names to Yan (嚴) upon the ascension of the Han Ming Emperor, whose personal name was Zhuang, owing to the naming taboo.

In the state of Qin, many families with the surname Ying (嬴) were renamed Yan (嚴).

Citizens of the State of Yan (嚴國) in Ancient China were surnamed Yan (嚴).

During the Sixteen Kingdoms, the royal family of Xianbei were given the surname Yan (嚴).

Some ethnic minority groups in China, including the Xibe people, Yi people and Tu people, also use the surname Yan (嚴)

Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".
John Alexander Macdonald (Nova Scotia politician)
John Alexander Macdonald (January 3, 1883 – June 11, 1945) was a physician and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Richmond—West Cape Breton in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1930 as a Conservative member. He sat for Richmond—West Cape Breton division as a member of the Senate of Canada from 1932 to 1945.

He was born in Havre Boucher, Nova Scotia, the son of Hugh Macdonald, and was educated at Saint Francis Xavier University and Dalhousie University. In 1912, Macdonald married Margaret Lola Maxwell. He represented Richmond County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1916 to 1925, when he resigned to run for a federal seat. Macdonald resigned his seat in the Commons in 1930 to allow Edgar Nelson Rhodes to be elected there. He was a member of the Knights of Columbus. He died in office as a member of the Senate at the age of 62.

St. Francis Xavier University
St. Francis Xavier University is a public undergraduate liberal arts university located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is a member of the Maple League, a group of primarily undergraduate universities in Eastern Canada.
Battle of the Sexes (album)
Battle of the Sexes is the eighth studio album by American rapper Ludacris, released March 9, 2010 on Disturbing tha Peace and Def Jam South. The album was recorded during 2008 to 2010 and its production was handled by several producers, including T-Minus, Bangladesh, Swizz Beatz, The Neptunes, and The Runners.

Upon its release, Battle of the Sexes received generally positive reviews from most music critics.

The Runners (production duo)
The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew "Dru Brett" Harr and Jermaine "Mayne Zane" Jackson. Formed in 2000, their foray into musical production was inspired by Timbaland and the Neptunes. Their trademark is an exhale sound effect echoing "Ahhh" at the beginning of their productions.

The duo first became known for their credits on the 2006 single "Hustlin'" by Rick Ross and the 2008 single "Go Hard" by DJ Khaled, and gained further recognition for their extensive work on releases for both artists. They have since produced songs for artists including  Keyshia Cole, Cher Lloyd, Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Kevin Gates, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Fabolous and Usher. Their production often accomplishes songwriting from Kevin Cossom or Rico Love, while they often work in tandem with fellow Florida-based producer acts DJ Nasty & LVM, the Monarch and Cubic Z.
Cannaboides
Cannaboides is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.

Its native range is Madagascar.

Species:

Cannaboides andohahelensis (Humbert) B.-E.van Wyk

Cannaboides betsileensis (Humbert) B.-E.van Wyk

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Tolna sypnoides
Tolna sypnoides is a species of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1878. It is found in Nigeria Sierra Leone, Ghana and South Africa, as well as in Madagascar and other islands of the Indian Ocean. They have a wingspan of around 70 mm.

The caterpillars of Tolna sypnoides feed on mango trees (Mangifera indica), Schinus terebinthifolius, both of the family of Anacardiaceae and Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae).

Syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini, also known as Malabar plum, Java plum, black plum, jamun, jaman, jambul, jambolan or Indian blackberry, is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae, and favored for its fruit, timber, and ornamental value. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It can reach heights of up to 30 m (100 ft) and can live more than 100 years. A rapidly growing plant, it is considered an invasive species in many world regions.

Syzygium cumini has been introduced to areas including islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore.

The tree was introduced to Florida and is grown in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Its fruits are eaten by various native birds and small mammals, such as jackals, civets, and fruit bats.
Vilmos Radasics
Vilmos 'Willy' Radasics (born October 25, 1983, in Sopron) is a Hungarian Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer. He took part in the UCI BMX World Championships 2008 in Taiyuan, China, represent his country.

Radasics competed for Hungary at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the Men's BMX event.

Hungary at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Hungary competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The country sent 131 individual competitors (77 men and 54 women) plus the men's and women's water polo teams and the women's handball team (13+13 + 14 athletes, respectively) for a total of 171 athletes taking part in the 2008 Summer Olympics. Hungary's gold medal count of 3 was the lowest in the nation's Summer Olympic history since the 1924 Paris Summer Olympics. Its total medal count of 10 was the lowest since the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.
Atropates
Atropates (/əˈtrɒpətiːz/; Old Persian: *Ātr̥pātah and Middle Persian Ātūrpāt; Ancient Greek: Ἀτροπάτης Atropátēs; c. 370 BC – after 321 BC) was a Persian nobleman who served Darius III, then Alexander the Great, and eventually founded an independent kingdom and dynasty that was named after him. Diodorus (18.4) refers to him as Atrápēs (Ἀτράπης), while Quintus Curtius (8.3.17) erroneously names him 'Arsaces'.

Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Διόδωρος, romanized: Diódōros; fl. 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian from Sicily. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. 
The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.
Aidan Brady (rugby union)
Aidan Malachy Brady (16 October 1939 — 16 April 2019) was an Irish rugby union international.

Brady, born in Dublin, was educated at Blackrock College and went on to study at UCD School of Medicine. He featured in two Leinster Senior Cup successes with UCD and captained the club to a win over Trinity in the 1964/65 Colours Match.

A hooker, Brady gained four Ireland caps during his career. His first selection, via UCD, came against Scotland at Lansdowne Road in the 1966 Five Nations Championship. Two years later, while playing in Northern Ireland for Malone, he made a further three Five Nations appearances, including wins over Scotland and Wales.

Brady practiced medicine in Chatham, Ontario, Canada.

UCD School of Medicine
The UCD School of Medicine (Scoil an Leighis UCD) at University College Dublin, Ireland, was founded in 1854. At undergraduate level, the school offers programmes in Medicine MB BCh BAO (undergraduate and graduate entry), BSc Biomedical Health and Life Sciences, and the BSc Radiography. At graduate level, the school UCD offers over 40 programmes for health care professionals.
John Wright (footballer, born 1878)
John "Jack" Wright (born 1878 in Ireland) was an Irish professional footballer, who played for Cliftonville and Huddersfield Town. He was also capped by and captained the Irish national football team.

Before and after his football career Wright served in the British armed forces in the Boer War, in the Royal Irish Rifles, and later in The Great War, in the North Irish Horse, reaching the final rank of regimental sergeant major (temporary) in 1918.

Royal Ulster Rifles
The Royal Irish Rifles (became the Royal Ulster Rifles from 1 January 1921) was a light infantry rifle regiment of the British Army, first created in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot and the 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot. The regiment saw service in the Second Boer War, the First World War, the Second World War, and the Korean War.

In 1968 the Royal Ulster Rifles was amalgamated with the other regiments of the North Irish Brigade, the Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's), and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers to create the Royal Irish Rangers.
Usofila
Usofila is a genus of American long-legged cave spiders that was first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1891. Originally placed with the Ochyroceratidae, it was transferred to the Telemidae in 1973.

All species are found in the United States, with U. pacifica extending to Canada and Alaska.

Eugen von Keyserling
Eugen von Keyserling (22 March 1833 in Pockroy, Lithuania – 4 April 1889 in Dzierżoniów, Silesia) was a Baltic-German arachnologist.

He studied in the University of Tartu.

He was the author of Die Spinnen Amerikas, and completed Die Arachniden Australiens (1871–1883) on behalf of Ludwig Carl Christian Koch.
Pickford, Michigan
Pickford is an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The community is centered along M-129 and is divided between Chippewa County to the east and Mackinac County.

As an unincorporated community, Pickford has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own but does have its own post office with the 49774 ZIP Code.

Chippewa County, Michigan
Chippewa County (/ˈtʃɪpəwɑː/ CHIH-pə-wah) is a county in the eastern Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,785. The county seat is Sault Ste. Marie. The county is named for the Ojibwe (Chippewa) people, and was set off and organized in 1826. Chippewa County comprises the Sault Ste. Marie, MI micropolitan statistical area. With shorelines on Lake Huron and Lake Superior, Chippewa County is one of two U.S. counties to contain shorelines on two Great Lakes, the other being neighboring Mackinac County. The county's irregular shape follows the Canadian border, itself following the St. Marys River. Drummond Island is part of Chippewa County.
Lonnie R. Stephenson
Lonnie R. Stephenson (born July 1956) is a former American labor union leader.

Born in Rock Island, Illinois, Stephenson completed an apprenticeship as an electrical wireman in 1975, and joined the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW).  He held various positions in his local union, before becoming its business manager in 1996.  In 2002, he was appointed as an international representative for the union, covering its sixth district, and in 2010 he was elected as a vice-president of the union.

In 2015, Stephenson was appointed as president of the union, and he was elected to the post on a permanent basis the following year.  He was also elected as a vice-president of the AFL-CIO.  Under his leadership, membership of IBEW grew each year.  He focused on diversity, equity and inclusion, worker safety, and training.  He was also the first major labor union leader to endorse Joe Biden's bid for President of the United States.  He retired early in 2023.

Rock Island, Illinois
Rock Island is a city in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The population was 37,108 at the 2020 census. Located at the confluence of the Rock and Mississippi rivers, it is one of the Quad Cities along with neighboring Moline and East Moline in Illinois and the cities of Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 in 2020.

The city is home to Rock Island Arsenal, the largest government-owned weapons manufacturing arsenal in the United States, which employs 6,000 people. The original Rock Island, from which the city name is derived, is now called Arsenal Island.
Camino (2008 film)
Camino is a 2008 Spanish drama film written, directed and edited by Javier Fesser starring Nerea Camacho as the title character alongside Carmen Elías, Mariano Venancio and Manuela Vellés.

The plot is inspired by (and dedicated to) the real story of Alexia González-Barros, a girl who died from spinal cancer at age 14 in 1985 and who is in process of canonization. The girl's family (related to the Opus Dei) did not agree with the film and so controversy mired the film since the very beginning, and arguably only served to increase interest in the film.

The film swept the 23rd Goya Awards, winning in 6 categories, including 4 of the Big 5 (Best Picture, Director, Original Screenplay and Actress).

Goya Award for Best Director
The Goya Award for Best Director (Spanish: Premio Goya a la mejor dirección) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. It is given in honor of an director or directing team who has delivered an outstanding direction in a film.
Disparago
Disparago is a genus of flowering plants in the  family Asteraceae.

Species

All the species are endemic to the Cape Province region of South Africa

Disparago anomala Schltr. ex Levyns

Disparago ericoides (P.J.Bergius) Gaertn.

Disparago kraussii Sch.Bip.

Disparago laxifolia DC.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Jim Deere
Jim Deere (born June 2, 1967) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the defensive coordinator for Madison High School, a position he has held since 2024. He was the head football coach at Adrian College from 2010 to 2023. He played college football at Adrian as a defensive back.

Adrian Bulldogs football
The Adrian Bulldogs football team represents Adrian College in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The Bulldogs are members of the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA), fielding its team in the MIAA since 1937. The Bulldogs play their home games at Docking Stadium in Adrian, Michigan.

Their head coach is Joe Palka, who took over the position for the 2024 season.
Hong Kyung-pyo
Hong Kyung-pyo (Korean: 홍경표, born August 11, 1962), also known as Alex Hong, is a South Korean cinematographer. In 2025, he became the first cinematographer to win the Grand Prize for Film at the 61st Baeksang Arts Awards for his work in Harbin. His most known films are Bong Joon-ho's Parasite and Lee Chang-dong's Burning.

He has worked with several acclaimed film directors, including Bong Joon-ho, Lee Chang-dong, Kang Je-gyu, Kim Ji-woon, Na Hong-jin, Lee Sang-il, and Hirokazu Kore-eda.

Harbin (film)
Harbin (Korean: 하얼빈) is a 2024 South Korean biographical period drama film directed by Woo Min-ho. The film stars Hyun Bin as Ahn Jung-geun, a Korean independence activist who assassinated Itō Hirobumi, the first Prime Minister of Japan, in 1909. The cast also includes Park Jeong-min, Jo Woo-jin, Jeon Yeo-been, Park Hoon, Yoo Jae-myung, Lily Franky, and Lee Dong-wook.

The film had its world premiere in the Gala program of the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2024. It was released theatrically on December 24, 2024.
Gwathmey
Gwathmey  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Gwathmey (1938–2009), American architect

James Tayloe Gwathmey (1862–1944), American physician

Robert Gwathmey (1903–1988), American painter

Rosalie Gwathmey (1908–2001), American photographer

James Tayloe Gwathmey
James Tayloe Gwathmey, M.D. (September 10, 1862—February 11, 1944) was an American physician and the first president of the American Association of Anesthetics (now the International Anesthesia Research Society). A pioneer of early anesthetic devices for medical use, he co-authored the first comprehensive textbook on the subject of medical anesthetics, titled Anesthesia, which was published in 1914. For this and other contributions to anesthesiology, which included innovations in administering anesthetics to war wounded and in obstetrics, Gwathmey was hailed at the time of his death as the "Father of Modern Anesthesia."
Rüütel
Rüütel is an Estonian surname (meaning knight). Notable people with the surname include:

Arnold Rüütel (1928–2024), politician, President of Estonia 2001–2006

Ingrid Rüütel (born 1935), folklorist and philologist, First Lady of Estonia 2001–2006, wife of President Arnold Rüütel

Kai Rüütel (born 1981), opera singer

Margit Rüütel (born 1983), tennis player

Raido Rüütel (born 1951), racing driver

Ingrid Rüütel
Ingrid Rüütel (née Ruus; born 3 November 1935) is an Estonian folklorist, philologist and former First Lady of Estonia. She was married to former President of Estonia Arnold Rüütel until his death on 31 December 2024.
St. Mary's Beneficial Society Hall (Upper Marlboro, Maryland)
St. Mary's Beneficial Society Hall, constructed in 1892, is a historic building located in Upper Marlboro, Prince George's County, Maryland.

The Hall, an excellent example of an African American multi-purpose building, served as a meeting place, social and political center, and house of worship for African Americans living in a segregated society. It is located nearly across the street from St. Mary's Catholic Church, with which it is historically associated.

It is a one-story wood frame gable-front building, In 1988, a law firm acquired the building and converted it to office space.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Prince George's County, Maryland
Prince George's County (often shortened to PG County, PG, or PGC) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland bordering the eastern portion of Washington, D.C. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 967,201, making it the second-most populous county in Maryland, behind neighboring Montgomery County. The 2020 census counted an increase of nearly 104,000 in the previous ten years. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. It is the most populous African American-majority county in the United States, as well as the second most affluent behind neighboring Charles County.

The county is part of the Capital region of the state, though portions of the county are considered to be in Southern Maryland. The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities, such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters.
West Virginia Route 36
West Virginia Route 36 is a north–south state highway in West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 4 in Maysel. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 119 in Spencer.

The route includes the Carrollton Covered Bridge where the road crosses the Buckhannon River in Barbour County.

Maysel, West Virginia
Maysel is an unincorporated community in Clay County, West Virginia, United States. Maysel is located on West Virginia Route 4, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northwest of Clay. Maysel has a post office with ZIP code 25133.

The community was named after Maysel Kyle, the young daughter of a local merchant.
Rona Robinson
Rona Robinson (26 June 1884 – 7 April 1962) was the first woman in the United Kingdom to gain a first-class degree in chemistry and one of the first documented female industrial chemists.  She was also a British suffragette and paid member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).

Victoria University of Manchester
The Victoria University of Manchester, usually referred to as simply the University of Manchester, was a university in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1851 as Owens College. In 1880, the college joined the federal Victoria University. After the break-up of the Victoria University, it gained an independent university charter in 1904 as the Victoria University of Manchester.

On 1 October 2004, the Victoria University of Manchester merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) to form a new, larger entity named the University of Manchester.