hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iguratimod
Iguratimod is an anti-inflammatory small molecule drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, together with methotrexate in Japan and China. As of 2015, the biological target was not known, but it prevents NF-κB activation and subsequently selectively inhibits COX-2 and several inflammatory cytokines.

Adverse effects include elevated transaminases, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, rashes, and itchiness.

It is a derivative of 7-methanesulfonylamino-6-phenoxychromone and is a chromone with two amide groups; it was first reported in 2000. It was submitted for regulatory approval in Japan in 2003; the application was withdrawn in 2009, and it was resubmitted with additional data in 2011 and approved for marketing in Japan in 2012. Eisai and Toyama Chemical market it in Japan. Approval was obtained in China in 2011 by Simcere, independently of the Japanese originators.

During discovery and development it was called T-614 and it is marketed under the names Careram and Kolbet.

Cyclooxygenase-2
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (HUGO PTGS2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene. In humans it is one of three cyclooxygenases. It is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, an important precursor of prostacyclin, which is expressed in inflammation.
Rube McWilliams
Ruben George McWilliams (12 June 1901 – 27 January 1984), commonly known as Rube, was a New Zealand rugby union player. A loose forward, McWilliams represented Auckland at a provincial level from 1922, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1928 to 1930. He played 27 matches for the All Blacks and was the first to play 10 consecutive tests, scoring 25 points (seven tries and two conversions) in all.

Auckland (National Provincial Championship)
Auckland are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Auckland, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1883, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Eden Park in Auckland. The team is affiliated with the Blues Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are blue and white hoops.
Student Spaceflight Experiments Program
The Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP) provides an opportunity for student groups from upper elementary school through university to design and fly microgravity experiments in low Earth orbit (LEO). SSEP is a program of the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education (NCESSE, a project of the Tides Center), the Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Space Education, and the private space hardware company NanoRacks. SSEP operates under a Space Act Agreement between the sponsoring organizations and NASA, allowing the  International Space Station (ISS) to be utilized as a national laboratory.

Tides Foundation
Tides Foundation is a left-leaning donor advised fund based in the United States that manages over $1.4 billion in assets. It was founded in San Francisco in 1976 by Drummond Pike. Tides distributes money from anonymous donors to other organizations, which are often politically progressive.
Nordmann
Nordmann is the demonym of the Norwegian people in its native language (see: Norman).

It is also a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander von Nordmann (1803–1866), Finnish zoologist

Armand von Nordmann (1759–1809), Austrian general of the Napoleonic era

Bevo Nordmann (1939–2015), American basketball player

Charles Nordmann (1881–1940) French astronomer

François Nordmann (born 1942), Swiss diplomat

Johann Nordmann (1820–1887), Austrian journalist and travel writer

Karl-Gottfried Nordmann (1915–1982), German World War II fighter pilot

Lillie Nordmann (born 2002), American competitive swimmer

Moïse Nordmann (1809-1884), Alsatian rabbi

Roger Nordmann (1973), Swiss politician

Theodor Nordmann (1918–1945), German World War II pilot

Armand von Nordmann
Joseph-Armand Ritter von Nordmann (31 August 1759 – 6 July 1809), was a French officer in the French Royal Army. He transferred his allegiance to Habsburg Austria during the French Revolution, like other French émigrés. In Austrian service he fought capably against his former country during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

A colonel in the French army, he defected to the Coalition forces in 1793. After fighting in one of the émigré armies, he became an Austrian officer in 1798. After commanding a cavalry regiment for several years, he was elevated in rank to general officer. He led a division in 1805, even though by rank he was a brigadier. From the start of the 1809 war, he was entrusted with small independent scouting forces and rear guards. He was promoted again to lead a corps-sized force shortly before he was killed at the Battle of Wagram.
Singré
Singré is an arrondissement in the Donga department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Copargo. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 13,378.

Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique
The Institut national de la statistique et de l'analyse économique (INSAE) is a national institute of Benin, which is dedicated to collecting data in the country. It collects data on demographics, population, climatology, education,  employment, etc.
Castle Peak (Hong Kong)
Castle Peak (Chinese: 青山, sometimes transcribed Tsing Shan) or Pui To Shan (杯渡山) is a 583-metre (1,913-feet)-high peak in western New Territories, Hong Kong. It is also the highest granitic hill in Hong Kong.

In contrast to its Chinese name, which means green hill, Castle Peak is notorious for its severe loss of vegetation and weathering of its granite surface.

Tuen Mun New Town
Tuen Mun New Town (formerly Castle Peak New Town), commonly referred to simply as Tuen Mun, is a satellite town of Hong Kong. It is one of the new towns that were developed by the Hong Kong Government in the New Territories from the 1960s. It was built around the existing rural local centre of Tuen Mun (a.k.a. Castle Peak), which has since been referred to as the Tuen Mun Kau Hui‌ and the Tuen Mun San Hui. The new town covers most of the urban area of Tuen Mun District.

The model of development is quite similar to Sha Tin New Town, with town centre built in the middle. While the southern parts of the town is similar to Tai Po New Town.
Wuzi Yanzong Wan
Wuzi Yanzong Wan  (Chinese: 五子衍宗丸) is a deep brown pill used in traditional Chinese medicine to "replenish the kidney with vital essence". It tastes sweet, sour and slightly bitter. It is used where there is "deficiency syndrome of the kidney marked by backache, dribbling of urine after micturition, seminal emission, premature ejaculation, impotence and sterility".   The binding agent of the pill is honey.

Binder (material)
A binder or binding agent is any material or substance that holds or draws other materials together to form a cohesive whole mechanically, chemically, by adhesion or cohesion.

More narrowly, binders are liquid or dough-like substances that harden by a chemical or physical process and bind fibres, filler powder and other particles added into it. Examples include glue, adhesive and thickening.

Examples of mechanical binders are bond stones in masonry and tie beams in timber framing.
Sara-Thel Court
Sara-Thel Court is a bungalow court located at 618-630 S. Marengo Ave. in Pasadena, California. The court includes seven buildings arranged around a central walkway; six of the buildings are single-family units, while a double unit is located at the end of the walkway. Built in 1921, the court was designed by Jas. Humphreys. The houses were mainly designed in the American Craftsman style and feature gable roofs with shallow slopes and exposed rafters; the moldings on the homes were inspired by the Colonial Revival style.

Rafter
A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members such as steel beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall plate, downslope perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support the roof shingles, roof deck, roof covering and its associated loads. A pair of rafters is called a couple. In home construction, rafters are normally made of wood. Exposed rafters are a feature of some traditional roof styles.
Norfolk Street station
Norfolk Street station is an open-cut station on the Newark City Subway Line of the Newark Light Rail, and the first following the line leaving the Raymond Boulevard tunnel. It is located on Norfolk Street just south of Central Avenue in University Heights.

Norfolk Street station was originally built by Public Service Corporation of New Jersey on May 26, 1935, and contained a connection to the Central Avenue line until December 14, 1947 when the route was converted into bus route #23.

Transport of New Jersey
Transport of New Jersey (TNJ), earlier Public Service Transportation and then Public Service Coordinated Transport, was a street railway and bus company in the U.S. state of New Jersey from 1917 to 1980, when NJ Transit took over their operations. It was owned by the Public Service Corporation, now the Public Service Electric and Gas Company.
Curvature of Riemannian manifolds
In mathematics, specifically differential geometry, the infinitesimal geometry of Riemannian manifolds with dimension greater than 2 is too complicated to be described by a single number at a given point. Riemann introduced an abstract and rigorous way to define curvature for these manifolds, now known as the Riemann curvature tensor. Similar notions have found applications everywhere in differential geometry of surfaces and other objects.
The curvature of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold can be expressed in the same way with only slight modifications.

Bernhard Riemann
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (/ˈriːmɑːn/; German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛʁnhaʁt ˈʁiːman] ⓘ; 17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the first rigorous formulation of the integral, the Riemann integral, and his work on Fourier series. His contributions to complex analysis include most notably the introduction of Riemann surfaces, breaking new ground in a natural, geometric treatment of complex analysis. His 1859 paper on the prime-counting function, containing the original statement of the Riemann hypothesis, is regarded as a foundational paper of analytic number theory. Through his pioneering contributions to differential geometry, Riemann laid the foundations of the mathematics of general relativity. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
Adimai Changili
Adimai Changili (transl. Chain of slavery) is a 1997 Indian Tamil language action film directed by R. K. Selvamani. The film stars Arjun and Roja, while Rambha, Sunitha,  Anandaraj and M. N. Nambiar play supporting roles. It was released on 9 May 1997.

M. N. Nambiar
Mannjheri Narayanan Nambiar (7 March 1919 – 19 November 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema, renowned for his portrayals of villainous characters. With a career spanning over eight decades, he became a notable figure in the industry. Nambiar also appeared in a few Malayalam, Telugu, English and Hindi films during his career.

He appeared in many MGR  movies as a villain. Some of the famous ones include Enga Veettu Pillai, Aayirathil Oruvan, Nadodi Mannan, Naalai Namadhe, Padagotti, Thirudathe, En Annan, Kaavalkaaran and Kudiyirundha Koyil.
Männistö
Männistö is a district in the city of Kuopio, Finland It is part of the Itkonniemi–Männistö–Linnanpelto division area, which has a population of just over 5,800.

Most of the services are located in the Männistö shopping center, which has at least a grocery store K-Market, an R-kioski, a post office, a pizzeria, two bars and a few small businesses. There is also the St. Joseph's Catholic Church, a kindergarten and a youth center near the shopping center. There is also a Teboil gas station in the pine forest. Another church in the area, Männistö Church, is located on the Linnanpelto side.

R-kioski
R-kioski is a chain of convenience stores that is part of the Reitan Convenience division of the Reitan Group. There are around 290 R-kioski stores across Finland as of 2025. R-kioski's focus is on selling take-away food and drinks but they also provide services such as the various "Veikkaus" lottery games (and in most stores, slot machines), prepaid SIM cards, postal and parcel services, as well as the sale of public transport tickets. Most stores are also able to sell national rail and bus transport tickets.

R-kioski is known as "Ärrä" (the name of the letter R in Finnish) in common language. The company slogan is "Tekee hetkessä hyvää" (makes good in a moment).
Vendée's 4th constituency
The 4th constituency of Vendée is a French legislative constituency in the Vendée département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote in the first round.

Vendée
Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃de] ⓘ) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon.
Business Park Skejby
Business Park Skejby is a large business park in the city of Aarhus, Denmark.

Business Park Skejby was officially created in 2013 and is situated in the northern district of Aarhus N, stretching north from the neighbourhood of Christiansbjerg to Skejby. It is bounded by the major roads of Ring 2 and Randersvej. Most of the businesses and institutions within the park area were constructed several decades ago.

Business park
A business park or office park is a designated area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together. These types of developments are often located in suburban areas where land and building costs are more affordable, and are typically situated near major highways, roads, or train stations for easy access.
Wadajir, Mogadishu
Wadajir Neighbourhood (Somali: Wadajir, Muqdisho), also called Medina or Madina Neighbourhood is a neighbourhood in the south-central Banaadir region of Somalia. A few southwestern neighborhoods of Mogadishu are located in this neighbourhood, as well as the Somali National University. Also the former US Embassy, now a refugee camp called Siliga Amerikanka (translated American  fence/enclosure), and the former Jaalle Siyaad military academy, former used by the AMISOM sector of Brundian Military Contingent is situated in the neighbourhood.

Ahmed Abdulle Afrah succeeded Ahmed Hassan Daaci as neighbourhood commissioner on 25 April 2014; Daaci had served for eight years. Wadajir means together in Somali language.

Administrative divisions of Somalia
As Somalia is officially a federal republic, the country is divided into seven federal member states, 18 administrative regions (gobollo, singular gobol), and 72 districts. (plural degmooyin; singular degmo)
William T. Whisner Jr.
William Thomas  Whisner Jr. (October 17, 1923 – July 21, 1989) was a career officer and pilot in the United States Air Force, retiring as a colonel with 30 years of military service. He was a fighter ace with Army Air Forces over  Europe in World War II and a jet fighter ace with the Air Force in the Korean War.

Although best known for his credited destruction of 22½ aircraft in aerial combat and being one of only seven U.S. combat pilots to become an ace in two wars, Whisner commanded the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing, before retiring in 1972.

Selfridge Air National Guard Base
Selfridge Air National Guard Base or Selfridge ANGB (IATA: MTC, ICAO: KMTC, FAA LID: MTC) is an Air National Guard installation located in Harrison Township, Michigan, near Mount Clemens.  Selfridge Field was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the United States entry into World War I in April 1917.

The current commander of Selfridge Air National Guard Base is Brig. Gen. Leah Voelker, it's first female commanding officer.
Thomas Fortier
Thomas Fortier (September 27, 1796 – May 21, 1876) was a physician and political figure in Canada East. He represented Nicolet in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1848 to 1858.

He was born in Quebec City, the son of Joseph Fortier and Rose Laurent, and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec and New York University. Fortier served in the militia during the War of 1812, reaching the rank of lieutenant. He was licensed as a physician in Lower Canada in 1814 and practised in Saint-Grégoire, Baie-du-Febvre and Gentilly. He was married twice: first to Eliza Hanna in 1819 and then to Léocadie Grondin in 1834. Fortier served on the local school board and was vice-president in 1845. He wrote articles for the La Gazette in Trois-Rivières, Le Populaire in Montreal and La Gazette in Quebec City. Fortier was a candidate in the 1858 election, but withdrew his candidacy before the election. He died at Gentilly at the age of 79.

Saint-Grégoire, Quebec
Saint-Grégoire (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ gʁegwaʁ]) is a community of the city of Bécancour, Quebec, Canada.  It is one of the major population centres within the city.  Autoroute 55 intersects Autoroute 30 and Route 132 at Saint-Grégoire.

46°16′20″N 72°30′38″W﻿ / ﻿46.27222°N 72.51056°W﻿ / 46.27222; -72.51056﻿ (Saint-Grégoire, Quebec)
Ratoji Bhoite Patil
Ratoji Bhoite inamdaar was a Maratha sardar (Maratha Knight) who served Bahamani Sultanates of Deccan. He then joined Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosales Swarajya Campaign in the 17th century. He was an ancestor of Bhoite families of Tadawale.
Ratoji was inamdar of Tadawale and surrounding areas concluding villages of current North Koregaon area. He also had command over Fort Nandgiri (Kalyangad). He started his career as shiledar of Sultanates as his forefathers were. His descendants were to play an important part in Marathas' subsequent history.

Tadawale Sammat Wagholi
Tadawale Sammat Wagholi is a small town and gram panchayat in Koregaon taluka, Satara district, in the Indian province of Maharashtra.

Tadawale Sammat Wagholi is a hill station situated strategically near Wathar Station, Koregaon on the Lonand-Satara Highway Road. Wathar Station is the main Market Place of North Koregaon Tehsil is closely situated here. Good highways like Phaltan-Satara and Lonand-Satara, State Railway Track is present at the Tadawale village. This village is also near to Pimpode Village, the biggest Market Place in North Koregaon Tehsil.
Paley–Zygmund inequality
In mathematics, the Paley–Zygmund inequality bounds the
probability that a positive random variable is small, in terms of
its first two moments. The inequality was
proved by Raymond Paley and Antoni Zygmund.

Theorem: If Z ≥ 0 is a random variable with
finite variance, and if , then

Proof: First,

The first addend is at most , while the second is at most  by the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. The desired inequality then follows. ∎

Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society is a mathematical journal published by Cambridge University Press for the Cambridge Philosophical Society. It aims to publish original research papers from a wide range of pure and applied mathematics. The journal, titled Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society before 1975, has been published since 1843.
Mauro Marchano
Mauro Marchano (born 15 January 1980 in Rosario) is an Argentine footballer. He plays as a striker. He also played for Italian Lega Pro Seconda Divisione team Manfredonia. He also represented his native country at the 1997 FIFA U-17 World Championship.

On September 13, 2009, his 30-year-old wife and 11-month son were killed in a road accident as they were reaching Barletta to reach him for a football league game. The game was subsequently postponed due to these events.

1997 FIFA U-17 World Championship
The 1997 FIFA U-17 World Championship, the seventh edition of the tournament, was held in the cities of Cairo, Ismailia, Alexandria, and Port Said in Egypt from 4 to 21 September 1997. Players born after 1 January 1980 could participate in this tournament.
V (Vanessa Hudgens album)
V is the debut studio album by American singer Vanessa Hudgens, first released on September 26, 2006, via Hollywood Records. The album has been given mostly positive reviews. V debuted in the United States at twenty-four, selling 34,000 copies in its first week. The album has spawned two singles, lead "Come Back to Me" and follow-up "Say OK." In February 2007, the album was certified Gold by RIAA. As of April 2008, the album has sold 570,000 copies in the United States. Hudgens supported the album with serving as an opening act for The Cheetah Girls' The Party's Just Begun Tour and also on the High School Musical: The Concert tour. The album was voted as the seventh best album of 2007 by the readers of Billboard.

Hollywood Records
Hollywood Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group which focuses on pop, rock, alternative, hip hop and country genres, also specializing in recordings for a more mature audience not suitable for the flagship Walt Disney Records label.

Founded in December 1989, its current roster includes Sofia Carson, Tini, Kevin Jonas, Area21, Queen, Little Image, Almost Monday, Joywave, Andy Grammer, Adrian Lyles, Freya Skye, and Kenzie. The label also releases soundtrack albums and digital releases from Marvel Studios, 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, ABC, National Geographic, Hulu, 20th Television, Freeform, FX Productions, and ESPN since their acquisitions by The Walt Disney Company.
Football in Kyrgyzstan
The sport of football in the country of Kyrgyzstan is run by the Football Federation of Kyrgyz Republic. The association administers the national football team as well as the Kyrgyzstan League. Football is the most popular sport in the country.

Kyrgyzstan national football team
The Kyrgyzstan national football team (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын улуттук курама командасы; Russian: Сборная Кыргызской Республики по футболу), officially recognised by FIFA and AFC as Kyrgyz Republic, represents Kyrgyzstan in international football and is controlled by the Kyrgyz Football Union, a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and Central Asian Football Association.
Elkhorn, Manitoba
Elkhorn is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district in the Rural Municipality of Wallace – Woodworth within the Canadian province of Manitoba that held village status prior to January 1, 2015. It was originally incorporated as a village on January 2, 1906. Elkhorn is located approximately 105 kilometres (65 mi) west of Brandon.

Larry Maguire
Larry Maguire (born June 1, 1949) is a politician and activist farmer in Manitoba, Canada. Formerly a Progressive Conservative MLA in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on November 25, 2013. He is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada and sat on the House Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration. During the 43rd Canadian Parliament Maguire's Private member's bill, Bill C-208, An Act to amend the Income Tax Act (transfer of small business or family farm or fishing corporation) was adopted. He did not seek re-election in 2025.