hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
As-Suwaydi (physician)
As-Suwaydi (1204–1292, AH 604–690, full name ‘Izz al-Dīn Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṭarkhān as-Suwaydī ابراهيم ابن محمد ابن طرخان السويدى) was a medieval Arab physician from the Aws tribe, and a pupil of Ibn al-Baytar. Active in Cairo and Damascus, he compiled three works:   a treatise on plant names, a treatise on the medical use of stones, and a book of medical recipes and procedures (Tadhkirah).
As-Suwaydi's Tadhkirah was epitomized by Shaʿrānī in the 16th century.

Al-Sha'rani
Abd al-Wahhab al-Sha'rani (1492/3–1565, AH 898–973, full name Arabic: عبد الوهاب ابن أحمد الشعرانى ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Aḥmad ash-Shaʿrānī) was a highly influential Egyptian scholar. He was an eminent jurist, traditionist, historian, mystic and theologian. He was one of the Islamic revivalists and scholastic saints of the sixteenth century. He is credited for reviving Islam and is one of the most prolific writers of the early Egyptian-Ottoman period. His legal, spiritual, and theological writings are still widely read in the Muslim world today. He is regarded as "one of the last original thinkers in Islam." He was the founder of an Egyptian order of Sufism, eponymously known as Šaʿrāwiyyah. The order gradually declined after Shaʿrani's death, although it remained active until the 19th century.
2020 Duke's Mayo Bowl
The 2020 Duke's Mayo Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 30, 2020, with kickoff at noon EST on ESPN. It was the 19th edition of the Duke's Mayo Bowl (formerly the Belk Bowl), and was one of the 2020–21 bowl games concluding the 2020 FBS football season. Duke's Mayonnaise was the title sponsor of the game.

Duke's Mayonnaise
Duke's Mayonnaise is a condiment created by Eugenia Duke in Greenville, South Carolina, in 1917.

Duke's Mayonnaise is the third-largest mayonnaise brand in the United States (behind Hellmann's and Kraft), however its popularity was at first largely limited to the South. It is used in regional favorites such as coleslaw, tomato sandwiches, deviled eggs, pimento cheese, and potato salad. Duke's Mayonnaise contains more egg yolks than other mayonnaise products and no added sugar. It also uses apple cider vinegar in place of distilled white vinegar. The combination apple cider vinegar and absence of added sugar give the mayonnaise its signature flavor which the brand proudly markets: "It's Got Twang!"
Amatrice
Amatrice (Italian: [amaˈtriːtʃe]; Sabino: L'Amatrici) is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Rieti, in the Italian region of Lazio, and the center of the food-agricultural area of Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. The town was devastated by a powerful earthquake on 24 August 2016. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ('The most beautiful villages of Italy').

Province of Rieti
The province of Rieti (Italian: provincia di Rieti) is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Rieti. Established in 1927, it has an area of 2,750.52 square kilometres (1,061.98 sq mi) with a total population of 157,887 people as of 2017. There are 73 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province.
York, Pennsylvania
York is a city in York County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. Located in South Central Pennsylvania, the city's population was 44,800 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Pennsylvania. The city has an urban area population of 238,549 and has a metropolitan area population of 456,449.

Founded in 1741, York served as the temporary base for the Continental Congress from September 1777 to June 1778, during which the Articles of Confederation were drafted. It is the largest city in the York–Hanover metropolitan area, which is also included in the larger Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area of the Susquehanna Valley.

Local government in Pennsylvania
Local government in Pennsylvania is government below the state level in Pennsylvania. There are six types of local governments listed in the Pennsylvania Constitution: county, township, borough, town, city, and school district. All of Pennsylvania is included in one of the state's 67 counties, which are in total subdivided into 2,560 municipalities. There are currently no independent cities or unincorporated territories within Pennsylvania. There is only one incorporated town in Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg.
Carcosa
Carcosa (/kɑːrˈkoʊsə/) is a fictional city in Ambrose Bierce's short story "An Inhabitant of Carcosa" (1886). The ancient and mysterious city is barely described and is viewed only in hindsight (after its destruction) by a character who once lived there.

American writer Robert W. Chambers borrowed the name "Carcosa" for several of his short stories featured in the 1895 book The King in Yellow, inspiring generations of authors to similarly use Carcosa in their own works.

S. M. Stirling
Stephen Michael Stirling (born September 30, 1953) is a Canadian-American science fiction and fantasy author who was born in France. Stirling is the  author of the Draka series of alternate history novels, the  later time travel/alternate history Nantucket series and the Emberverse series.
Goose Curry
Homer Curry (May 19, 1905 – March 30, 1974), nicknamed "Goose", was an American Negro league outfielder and manager from the 1920s to the 1940s.

A native of Mexia, Texas, Curry made his Negro leagues debut in 1928 with the Cleveland Tigers. He went on to have a 20-year Negro league playing career, and also managed the Memphis Red Sox and Philadelphia Stars. Curry died in Memphis, Tennessee in 1974 at age 68.

Memphis Red Sox
The Memphis Red Sox were an American Negro league baseball team that was active from 1920 to 1959. Originally named the Barber College Baseball Club, the team was initially owned and operated by Arthur P. Martin, a local Memphis barber. In the late 1920s the Martin brothers, all three Memphis doctors and businessmen, purchased the Red Sox. J. B. Martin, W. S. Martin, and B. B. Martin, would retain control of the club till its dissolution in 1959. The Red Sox played as members, at various times, of the Negro Southern League, Negro National League, and Negro American League. The team was never a titan of the Negro leagues like wealthier teams in northern cities of the United States, but sound management led to a continuous thirty-nine years of operation, a span that was exceeded by very few other teams. Following integration the team had five players that would eventually make the rosters of Major League Baseball teams and two players that were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Charles W. Power
Charles Whittlesey Power  was an American businessman and politician who served as Mayor of Pittsfield, Massachusetts.

Powers house, Charles Whittlesey Power House, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
1999 Galway County Council election
An election to Galway County Council took place on 10 June 1999 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 30 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV) for a five-year term of office.

Local electoral area
A local electoral area (LEA; Irish: toghlimistéar áitiúil) is an electoral area for elections to local authorities in Ireland. All elections use the single transferable vote. Ireland is divided into 166 LEAs, with an average population of 28,700 and average area of 423.3 square kilometres (163.4 sq mi). The boundaries of LEAs are determined by order of the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage, usually based on lower-level units called electoral divisions (EDs), with a total of 3,440 EDs in the state.

As well as their use for electoral purposes, LEAs are local administrative units in Eurostat NUTS classification. They are used in local numbers of cases of COVID-19.
Stóra-Björnsfell
Stóra-Björnsfell (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈstouːra-ˈpjœr̥sˌfɛtl̥]) is an elongated medium-sized tuya located in Iceland. It contains pillow lava, hyaloclastite and sheet lava. The volcano formed when a subglacial eruption occurred beneath an ice sheet during the last ice age. Stóra-Björnsfell's pillow lava appears originally to have erupted from a fissure.

Tuya
A tuya is a flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. They are rare worldwide, being confined to regions which were covered by glaciers and had active volcanism during the same period.

As lava that erupts under a glacier cools very quickly and cannot travel far, it piles up into a steep-sided hill. If the eruption continues long enough, it either melts all the ice or emerges through the top of the ice and then creates normal-looking lava flows that make a flat cap on top of the hill. Discovering and dating the lava flows in a tuya has proven useful in reconstructing past glacial ice extents and thicknesses.
Rubber band gun
A rubber band gun is a toy gun used to fire one or more rubber bands (or "elastic bands").

Rubber band guns are often used in live-action games such as Assassins, in which they are common and popular toy weapons. They are also common in offices and classrooms.  Rubber band guns have been popular toys that date back to the invention of rubber bands, which were patented in England on March 17, 1845 by Stephen Perry.

Stephen Perry (inventor)
Stephen Perry was a 19th-century British inventor and businessman credited with the invention of the rubber band. His corporation was the Messers Perry and Co,. Rubber Manufacturers of London, which made early products from vulcanised rubber, only recently perfected by Charles Goodyear in 1839. On 17 March 1845, Perry received a patent for the rubber band.

Vulcanisation, a chemical process for converting polymers into more durable materials, gave the rubber a higher tensile strength, improved its resistance to abrasion and allowed the elastic to remain flexible and supple over a wider range of temperatures.
Andres Ballinas
Andres Ballinas (also known as Andy Lopez) is a German singer and songwriter.

He has written songs and was a featured singer for fellow German producers R.I.O., Cascada, Carlprit, and Manian. He entered the Eurovision Song Contest in 2013 as the writer of Cascada’s “Glorious”.

He has written many songs with these artists and these songs charted throughout Europe.

Carlprit
Rudi Frank Harold Schwamborn (German pronunciation: [ˈʁuːdiː ˈʃvamˌbɔʁn]; born 20 May 1988 in Avenues, Harare, Zimbabwe), professionally known as Carlprit,  is a German-Zimbabwean rapper, songwriter, DJ and music manager. He has performed and written for acts such as Cascada, Alexandra Stan and Laurent Wolf. Schwamborn is best known for his song "Fiesta" as well as his appearance in Cascada's 2009 hit single "Evacuate the Dancefloor". The title sold over three million copies worldwide and reached the top 20 on Billboard charts, making Carlprit the first person of Zimbabwean origin to have a song on the top U.S. Billboard charts.
Salvador Moreno Fernández
Salvador Moreno Fernández (14 October 1886 – 2 May 1966) was a Spanish Navy admiral who participated in the coup d'état in Spain in July 1936 against the Second Spanish Republic that triggered the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). He fought on the Nationalist side during the war, in which the light cruiser Almirante Cervera under his command took part in the Málaga–Almería road massacre. After the war he held several positions during the Franco dictatorship, including service as Minister of the Navy from 1939 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1957. Posthumously, he has been stripped of some of his honors because of his support for the Francoist dictatorship and accused of war crimes.

Ship-of-the-line lieutenant
Ship-of-the-line lieutenant (French: Lieutenant de vaisseau; Spanish: Teniente de navío) is a naval officer rank, used in a number of countries. The name derives from the name of the largest class of warship, the ship of the line, as opposed to smaller types of warship (corvettes and frigates).

It is rated OF-2 within the NATO ranking system and is equivalent to Lieutenant in the Royal Navy and the United States Navy.
Albesa
Albesa (Catalan pronunciation: [alˈβeza]) is a municipality in the  comarca of Noguera, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 1,584 (register office, 2024) .

In 1003 it was the seat of the battle of Albesa. The economy is mostly based on agriculture (fruit, potato, tomato), taking advantage of the presence of an acequia.
Sights include the parish church of St. Mary (18th century), with a 14th-century retablo, and the remains of the ancient castle (conquered by the Christians in 1098) and of several ancient Roman villas.

Noguera (comarca)
Noguera (Western Catalan: [noˈɣeɾa]) is a comarca (county) in Ponent, Catalonia, Spain. It is the largest comarca and its area represents some 5,56% of Catalonia. Noguera is part of the historical county of Urgell and its capital is Balaguer.
Pali Aru
The Pali Aru is a river in Northern Province, Sri Lanka. The river rises in northern Vavuniya District, near Puliyankulam, flowing north/northwest through Vavuniya District, Mullaitivu District and Mannar District. The river empties into Palk Bay. The southern section of the river is sometimes known as the Chamalankulam Aru.

Mullaitivu District
Mullaitivu District (Tamil: முல்லைத்தீவு மாவட்டம், Mullaittīvu Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: මුලතිවු දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, Mulativu distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Mullaitivu.
Hillcrest High School (Ottawa)
Hillcrest High School is an Ottawa-Carleton District School Board high school in the Elmvale Acres neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The school was opened in 1961. Its sports teams are nicknamed "The Hawks". Its exclusive catchment area covers the neighbourhoods of Riverview, Faircrest Heights, Playfair Park, Elmvale Acres, Urbandale, Hawthorne Meadows, Sheffield Glen, Hunt Club Park and part of Greenboro.

Hillcrest High School is an ethnically diverse school. The surrounding area includes significant Black, Arab, Indian, and Somali communities, among others. Hillcrest also offers a full-immersion French program.

Sheffield Glen
Sheffield Glen is a neighbourhood in Alta Vista Ward in southeast Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  It is bounded on the west by Russell Road, on the south by Walkley Road and on the north and east by Lancaster Road. The neighbourhood is more commonly referred to as Southvale by Ottawans, but appears as Sheffield Glen on maps. Southvale Crescent is the name of the main street which runs through the neighbourhood and is home to a majority of residents. The neighbourhood is home to many apartment buildings and townhouses. Its population according to the Canada 2011 Census was 2877. This decreased to 2,744 according to the Canada 2016 Census.

The Canadian Museum of Science and Technology is located adjacent to the neighbourhood on Lancaster Road.

The neighbourhood is surrounded on three sides by industrial areas, and on the west side by Hawthorne Meadows.
Fall River Valley School
Fall River Valley School was built in 1868 and was the first school in Fall River Valley. The site of the former School is on California State Route 299 east of McArthur, California. The Fall River Valley School site is a California Historical Landmark No. 759 listed on February 15, 1961.

Fall River Valley School was log cabin one-room school that was 20 feet by 30 feet. The lumber for the school came from Dana's sawmill in the all River Valley.  Dana's sawmill was the first sawmill in Fall River Valley. Dana's sawmill also supplied the lumber of the student's school desks.

A historical marker is at the site of the former Fall River Valley School on California State Route 299 3.6 miles east of McArthur. The marker was placed there by The California Park Commission working with The Fall River Teachers' Association and the Fort Crook Historical Society on May 30, 1961.

McArthur, California
McArthur is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States. Its population is 334 as of the 2020 census, down from 338 from the 2010 census. McArthur is a small ranching community, located 4 mi east of Fall River Mills.
Rude Removal
"Rude Removal" is an episode segment in the second season of Cartoon Network's animated television series Dexter's Laboratory. Hanna-Barbera produced it in 1997 as part of the second season, but was left unaired due to foul language. In the segment, Dexter and Dee Dee are accidentally split into two pairs, one polite and one rude, with each respectively having British and New York accents. The latter is depicted as using profanity with bleep censorship. The segment was only screened at some animation festivals before finally being released online by Adult Swim on January 22, 2013.

Profanity
Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such as anger, excitement, or surprise), as a grammatical intensifier or emphasis, or to express informality or conversational intimacy. In many formal or polite social situations, it is considered impolite (a violation of social norms), and in some religious groups it is considered a sin. Profanity includes slurs, but most profanities are not slurs, and there are many insults that do not use swear words.

Swear words can be discussed or even sometimes used for the same purpose without causing offense or being considered impolite if they are obscured (e.g. "fuck" becomes "f***" or "the f-word") or substituted with a minced oath like "flip".
Viešintos
Viešintos is a town in Anykščiai district municipality, in Utena County, in northeast Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 281 people. Town established near Viešinta river.

Utena County
Utena County (Lithuanian: Utenos Apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is the country's most sparsely populated county. The capital and the largest city in the county is Utena, which is 95 km (59 mi) from Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished. Since that date, Utena County remains as a territorial and statistical unit. It borders Latvia.
Breeding blanket
A breeding blanket is a device used in nuclear engineering to transmute quantities of an element, using the neutron flux from a fission reactor or fusion reactor. In the fission context, breeding blankets have been used since the 1950s in breeder reactors, to manufacture fission fuel from fertile material. In the fusion context, they have been conceptualized for the manufacture of tritium from lithium-6. In both scenarios, neutron radiation is converted into thermal energy in the blanket, leading it to require its own cooling system.

Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission. In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy. Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
The Groves of Academe
The Groves of Academe is a 1952 academic novel by American writer Mary McCarthy.

The novel concerns the events that take place after Henry Mulcahy, a literary instructor at the fictitious Jocelyn College, learns that his teaching appointment will not be renewed. The novel is intended as a satire of academics based on the author's teaching experiences at Bard and Sarah Lawrence Colleges. The book is prefaced by a quote from Horace's Epistles, Atque inter silvas academi quaerere verum, which translates from the Latin as "And seek for truth in the groves of Academus." The book's first chapter, "An Unexpected Letter," originally appeared in The New Yorker.

The work is written in the third person, omniscient narrative mode and begins from Henry Mulcahy's perspective, but later focuses on the perspectives of the other faculty members, particularly Domna Rejnev.

Chapter (books)
A chapter (capitula in Latin; sommaires in French) is any of the main thematic divisions within a writing of relative length, such as a book of prose, poetry, or law. A book with chapters (not to be confused with the chapter book) may have multiple chapters that respectively comprise discrete topics or themes. In each case, chapters can be numbered, titled, or both. An example of a chapter that has become well known is "Down the Rabbit-Hole", which is the first chapter from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
BGZF
Blocked GNU Zip Format (BGZF) is a variant of gzip file format that uses block compression, a method that compresses data in independent blocks of content—each of which is a valid gzip file. This design is utilized widely in bioinformatics for genomic data compression. The block-based design provides efficient storage, random access with indexed queries, and parallel processing; allowing large-scale data processing.

The format was developed as part of SAM/BAM specification and SAMtools. It is a core component of the common BAM format (the binary version of the Sequence Alignment Map format) and is also used to compress and index Variant Call Format (VCF), FASTA, and BED files. Because each block is a standard gzip block, a BGZF file can be decompressed by any standard gzip-compatible tool, ensuring backward compatibility. A general purpose compression utility for producing BGZF files bgzip is distributed with HTSlib software library.

Tabix
Tabix is a free software utility for indexing TAB-delimited genome position files. It is commonly used in bioinformatics analysis to index large genomic data files such as GFF, VCF, or BED files for efficient data retrieval. Tabix was developed by Heng Li and is distributed under the MIT license.
Kırkbulak, Refahiye
Kırkbulak, formerly Horopul, is a village in the Refahiye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Turks and had a population of 64 in 2022. The village is located 20km southeast of the town of Refahiye.

A large portion of the village has migrated to Istanbul.

Erzincan Province
Erzincan Province (Turkish: Erzincan ili; is province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. In Turkey, its capital is also called Erzincan. Its area is 11,815 km2, and its population is 239,223 (2022).