hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crufomate
Crufomate is an insecticide.

Potentially toxic to humans, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has set a time-weighted average exposure limit of 5 milligrams per cubic meter, with a short-term limit of up to 20 milligrams per cubic meter for brief exposures of no longer than 15 minutes.

Routes of exposure to crufomate include inhalation, eye contact, skin absorption, and ingestion. Symptoms include eye irritation, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, perspiration, lacrimation, blurred vision, dyspnea, wheezing, and respiratory and skin irritation. First aid measures include artificial respiration to treat inhalation exposures, eye irrigation for eye exposures, and immediate washing with soap for skin exposure. Immediate medical attention should be sought if crufomate is swallowed.

Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases. Given that, approaching the examination of a person and planning of a differential diagnosis is extremely important.

Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy. In a third of cases, the exact cause is unclear.
Ninety-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India
The Ninety-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Ninety-fourth Amendment) Act, 2006, made provisions for the appointment of a Minister in charge of tribal welfare in the states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.

The bill of The Constitution (Ninety-fourth Amendment) Act, 2006 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 1 March 2006 as the Constitution (One hundred-fifth Amendment) Bill, 2006. It was introduced by Shivraj Patil, then Minister of Home Affairs.

The bill was considered by the Lok Sabha on 17 May 2006 and passed on 22 May 2006. It was then passed by the Rajya Sabha on 22 May 2006. The bill received assent from then President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam on 12 June 2006, and came into force on the same date. It was notified in The Gazette of India on 13 June 2006.

The Gazette of India
The Gazette of India is a public journal and an authorised legal document of the Government of India. It is published weekly by the Directorate of Printing Department of Publication, a subordinate office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and printed by the Government of India Press.

As a public journal, The Gazette prints official notices from the government. Publishing information in the Gazette is a legal necessity by which official documents come into force and enter the public domain.

Ordinary gazettes are regularly published weekly on a particular day of the week whereas extraordinary gazettes may be published on any day depending upon the urgency of the matters to be published.
Nandaime
Nandaime is a town and a municipality in the Granada department of Nicaragua.

Nandaime is a small town in the southwestern part of the country. It is located on the Panamerican highway which crosses the Pacific area of Nicaragua, at a distance of 67 km from Managua, capital of the Republic, and 20 kilometers from Granada, the departmental capital. The patron saints are St. Anne and San Joaquín. It was elevated to city on October 29, 1890.

The name Nandaime is derived from the Chorotega word "nanda" (meaning "arroyo", or stream) and the suffix "-ime" (indicating abundance). Nandaime means "place of abundant streams".

Joachim
Joachim was, according to Christian Sacred tradition, the husband of Saint Anne, the father of Mary and grandfather of Jesus. The story of Joachim and Anne first appears in the Gospel of James, part of the New Testament apocrypha. His feast day is 26 July, a date shared with Saint Anne.
Pavel Plotnikov
Pavel Artemyevich Plotnikov (Russian: Па́вел Арте́мьевич Пло́тников; 4 March 1920 – 14 December 2000) was a prolific Soviet bomber pilot and double Hero of the Soviet Union. After the second World War II, Plotnikov continued his Air Force career and rose to the rank of Major General and retired in 1975.

Order of the Patriotic War
The Order of the Patriotic War (Russian: Орден Отечественной войны, romanized: Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisans for heroic deeds in the Eastern Front of World War II. After the beginning of the German Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet Government applied the term "Great Patriotic War" to the war.
Servia
Servia or Servian refers to:

The historical English term, taken from the Greek language, used in relation with Serbia, Serbs or the Serbian language

Servia, Greece, a town in northern Greece

Servia, Indiana, a town in the United States

Servia, Washington, a place in Adams County, Washington, United States

Servia, West Virginia, a community in Braxton County, West Virginia, United States

Servian, Hérault, a commune of the Hérault département in France

SS Servia, a 19th-century British ship of the Cunard Line

Servian Wall, a wall built through southern Rome when Rome was still a city-state

Oriol Servià, a Spanish IndyCar driver

SS Servia
SS Servia, also known as RMS Servia, was a successful transatlantic passenger and mail steamer of revolutionary design, built by J & G Thomson of Clydebank (later John Brown & Company) and launched in 1881. She was the first large ocean liner to be built of steel instead of iron, and the first Cunard ship to have an electric lighting installation.
Diarmuid Duggan
Diarmuid Duggan (born 1980) is an Irish former Gaelic football player and manager who played for club side Ilen Rovers, at the divisional level with Carbery and inter-county level with the Cork senior football team. He usually lined out at right corner-back.

Cork county football team
The Cork county football team represents Cork in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Cork GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Munster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Cork's home ground is Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork. The current manager is John Cleary.

Cork was the third Munster county both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final, following Limerick and Tipperary. The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2012, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2010 and the National League in 2012.
Kent Smith (Canadian politician)
James Brian Kent Smith (born December 27) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2021 Nova Scotia general election. He represents the riding of Eastern Shore as a member of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia.

On September 14, 2023, Smith was appointed to the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture.

He is an entrepreneur and active community volunteer.

2021 Nova Scotia general election
The 2021 Nova Scotia general election was held on August 17, 2021, to elect members to the 64th General Assembly of Nova Scotia.

In a major upset, Tim Houston led the Progressive Conservatives to power for the first time since 2006, and with a majority government for the first time since 1999. With a popular vote share of 38.44%, the PCs won the smallest winning vote share of any majority government in Nova Scotian electoral history, and won nearly twice the number of seats as the Liberals, despite their overall vote share differing by less than 2%.

Elizabeth Smith-McCrossin’s victory in Cumberland North marked the first occasion since 1988 that an independent candidate won election to the House of Assembly. A record number of four Black Nova Scotians were elected MLAs; prior to this election, only five Black MLAs had ever been elected in Nova Scotia.
Andreotti–Frankel theorem
In mathematics, the Andreotti–Frankel theorem, introduced by Aldo Andreotti and Theodore Frankel (1959), states that if  is a smooth, complex affine variety of complex dimension  or, more generally, if  is any Stein manifold of dimension , then 
 admits a Morse function with critical points of index at most n, and so  is homotopy equivalent to a CW complex of real dimension at most n.

Consequently, if  is a closed connected complex submanifold of complex dimension , then  has the homotopy type of a CW complex of real dimension .
Therefore

and

This theorem applies in particular to any smooth, complex affine variety of dimension .

Singular point of an algebraic variety
In the mathematical field of algebraic geometry, a singular point of an algebraic variety V is a point P that is 'special' (so, singular), in the geometric sense that at this point the tangent space at the variety may not be regularly defined. In case of varieties defined over the reals, this notion generalizes the notion of local non-flatness. A point of an algebraic variety that is not singular is said to be regular. An algebraic variety that has no singular point is said to be non-singular or smooth. The concept is generalized to smooth schemes in the modern language of scheme theory.
Thomas de Cormont
Thomas de Cormont (born towards the end of the twelfth century) was a French Gothic Era master-mason and architect who worked on the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Amiens following the death of its chief architect, Robert de Luzarches. There is speculation that Thomas may have been Robert's disciple.

In addition to Amiens Cathedral, he is also believed to have worked contributed to both the Saint-Germain-en-Laye and the Sainte-Chapelle.

His son, Renaud de Cormont, continued his work Amiens Cathedral in the 1240s.

Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Saint-Germain-en-Laye (French: [sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ ɑ̃ lɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, 19.1 km (11.9 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Inhabitants are called Saint-Germanois or Saint-Germinois. With its elegant tree-lined streets it is one of the more affluent suburbs of Paris, combining both high-end leisure spots and exclusive residential neighborhoods (see the Golden Triangle of the Yvelines).

Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a sub-prefecture of the department. Because it includes the National Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, it covers approximately 48 km2 (19 sq mi), making it the largest commune in the Yvelines. It occupies a large loop of the Seine. Saint-Germain-en-Laye lies at one of the western termini of Line A of the RER.
Characteristic subgroup
In mathematics, particularly in the area of abstract algebra known as group theory, a characteristic subgroup is a subgroup that is mapped to itself by every automorphism of the parent group.  Because every conjugation map is an inner automorphism, every characteristic subgroup is normal; though the converse is not guaranteed.  Examples of characteristic subgroups include the commutator subgroup and the center of a group.

Inner automorphism
In abstract algebra, an inner automorphism is an automorphism of a group, ring, or algebra given by the conjugation action of a fixed element, called the conjugating element. They can be realized via operations from within the group itself, hence the adjective "inner". These inner automorphisms form a subgroup of the automorphism group, and the quotient of the automorphism group by this subgroup is defined as the outer automorphism group.
Antanartia schaeneia
Antanartia schaeneia, the long tail admiral or long-tailed admiral, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in eastern Africa.

Both sexes are attracted to fermented fruit and males mud-puddle.

The larvae feed on Fleurya capensis, Boehmeria nivea, Australina, Boehmeria, Pouzolzia, and Urtica species.

Boehmeria nivea
Boehmeria nivea, commonly known as ramie, Chinese grass or Chinese silk plant, is a monoecious shrub or subshrub in the family Urticaceae commonly found in China. It is native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the eastern Himalaya, and east and southeastern Asia. It grows to 2 metres tall, with alternately-arranged leaves 7–15 cm long and 6–12 cm broad, oval-acuminate with a serrated margin. Boehmeria nivea has been cultivated in China and elsewhere in southeast Asia for thousands of years, as the source of the fibre crop ramie. It has been introduced into tropical and subtropical parts of other continents, such the southeastern United States.
Shakespeare Memorial (Philadelphia)
The Shakespeare Memorial is a monument honoring William Shakespeare located in Logan Circle in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It consists of a bronze sculpture depicting Shakespeare's characters Prince Hamlet and Touchstone, designed by sculptor Alexander Stirling Calder, atop a marble base designed by architects Wilson Eyre and Gilbert McIlvaine. It was erected in 1928 and dedicated the following year. Initially located in front of the Parkway Central Library, it was relocated to its current location in 1953 due to the construction of the Vine Street Expressway.

Wilson Eyre
Wilson Eyre Jr. (October 30, 1858 – October 23, 1944) was an American architect, teacher and writer who practiced in the Philadelphia area.  He is known for his deliberately informal and welcoming country houses, and for being an innovator in the Shingle Style.
86-DOS
86-DOS (known internally as QDOS, for Quick and Dirty Operating System) is a discontinued operating system developed and marketed by Seattle Computer Products (SCP) for its Intel 8086-based computer kit.

86-DOS shared a few of its commands with other operating systems such as OS/8 and CP/M, which made it easy to port programs from the latter. Its application programming interface was very similar to that of CP/M. The system was licensed and then purchased by Microsoft and developed further as MS-DOS and PC DOS.

Intel 8086
The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip released by Intel on June 8, 1978 after development began in early 1976. It was followed by the Intel 8088 in 1979, which was a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus (allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting ICs).

The 8086 gave rise to the x86 architecture, which eventually became Intel's most successful line of processors. On June 5, 2018, Intel released a limited-edition CPU celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Intel 8086, called the Intel Core i7-8086K.
The Earthquake Bird
The Earthquake Bird is the 2001 debut novel by British author Susanna Jones. It won the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, a Betty Trask Award, and the Crime Writers' Association John Creasy Dagger. The novel was later adapted by Wash Westmoreland into a film called Earthquake Bird, which was released by Netflix in November 2019.

John Llewellyn Rhys Prize
The John Llewellyn Rhys Prize was a literary prize awarded annually for the best work of literature (fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama) by an author from the Commonwealth aged 35 or under, written in English and published in the United Kingdom. Established in 1942, it was one of the oldest literary awards in the UK.

Since 2011, the award has been suspended by funding problems. The last award was in 2010.
Miami Platform
The Miami Platform is the 1997 platform for American Reform Judaism. The platform was adopted by the Central Conference of American Rabbis on June 24, 1997. The Miami Platform clarified the relationship between American Reform Judaism and the Zionist movement.

Central Conference of American Rabbis
The Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the principal organization of Reform rabbis in the United States and Canada. The CCAR is the largest and oldest rabbinical organization in the world. Its current president is Rabbi David Lyon.

Rabbi Hara Person is the Chief Executive.
SS William Grayson
SS William Grayson was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after
William Grayson, a soldier, lawyer, and statesman from Virginia. Grayson was a delegate to the Confederation Congress from 1785 to 1787. He helped to pass the Northwest Ordinance, including a provision that forbade slavery in the Northwest Territory. He was one of the first two US Senators from Virginia, and belonged to the Anti-Federalist faction, he was also the first member of the United States Congress to die while holding office.

Anti-Federalists
The Anti-Federalists were a late-18th-century group in the United States advancing a political movement that opposed the creation of a stronger federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, gave state governments more authority. Led by Patrick Henry of Virginia, Anti-Federalists worried, among other things, that the position of president, then a novelty, might evolve into a monarchy. Though the Constitution was ratified and supplanted the Articles of Confederation, Anti-Federalist influence helped lead to the enactment of the Bill of Rights.
Table tennis at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual – Class 1
The Men's Singles 1 table tennis competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held from 18 to 21 September at the Galatsi Olympic Hall.

Classes 1-5 were for athletes with a physical impairment that affected their legs, who competed in a sitting position. The lower the number, the greater the impact the impairment was on an athlete’s ability to compete.

The event was won by Holger Nikelis, representing  Germany.

Galatsi Olympic Hall
The Galatsi Olympic Hall is a multi-use indoor arena that is located in Galatsi, Athens, Greece. It was the site of table tennis and rhythmic gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics.  The Galatsi Olympic Hall has a seating capacity of 6,200, which includes 5,141 permanent seats in the upper tier, and the removable lower tier seats.
The Ambassador's Wife (film)
The Ambassador's Wife (German: Die Frau des Botschafters) is a 1955 West German spy film directed by Hans Deppe and starring Paul Hubschmid, Ingrid Andree and Antje Weisgerber.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in West Berlin and on location around Lisbon. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Willi Herrmann and Heinrich Weidemann.

Spandau Studios
The Spandau Studios or CCC Studios were film and television studios located in Spandau, a suburb of Berlin. They were established in 1949 following the Second World War by the producer Artur Brauner controller of CCC Films, on the site of a former factory. Following the Soviet occupation of East Germany, most of the major film studios in the capital were, with the exception of the Tempelhof Studios, located in East Berlin until Brauner opened his own studios.

Brauner produced a number of popular genre films over the following decades, including several remakes of Weimar era hits. Space was also rented out to other firms, and the 1960s saw the series of Edgar Wallace films made at Spandau by Rialto Film.
Riverside Sanitarium and Hospital
Riverside Sanitarium Hospital was a medical institution founded in 1901 in Nashville, Tennessee. It primarily served the city's African-American community from 1927 to 1983. It was the first black Seventh-day Adventist medical facility in the United States, providing modern healthcare to African Americans who faced discrimination in mainstream hospitals. It simultaneously attracting physicians, nurses, and patients from across the country. Riverside Sanitarium Hospital played a role in advancing medical opportunities, was a pioneer for modern medicine, and served as a leader in alternative medical therapies. It grew from five small rooms in 1901 into a hospital by 1927 with a 50-bed brick building. Then it expanded to a modern four-story facility with 85 beds in June 1948, and further developed into a three-story hospital with 290 beds in 1976.

American Medical Missionary College
American Medical Missionary College was a private Seventh-day Adventist college in Battle Creek, Michigan.  It grew out of classes offered at the Battle Creek Sanitarium.  It existed from 1895 until 1910, with preclinical instruction in Battle Creek and further clinical training  in Chicago, Illinois.  In the latter year it was merged with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago (P&S), which in turn became the University of Illinois College of Medicine on March 6, 1913.
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, commonly known as the Mellon Foundation, is a New York City-based private foundation with wealth accumulated by Andrew Mellon of the Mellon family of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the product of the 1969 merger of the Avalon Foundation and the Old Dominion Foundation. These foundations had been set up separately by Ailsa Mellon Bruce and Paul Mellon, the children of Andrew Mellon.

The foundation is housed in New York City in the expanded former offices of the Bollingen Foundation, another educational philanthropy once supported by Paul Mellon. Poet and scholar Elizabeth Alexander is the foundation's current president. Her predecessors have included Earl Lewis, Don Randel, William G. Bowen, John Edward Sawyer and Nathan Pusey.

In 2004, the foundation was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

Private foundation
A private foundation is a tax-exempt organization that does not rely on broad public support and generally claims to serve humanitarian purposes.

Unlike a charitable foundation, a private foundation does not generally solicit funds from the public or have the legal requirements and reporting responsibilities of a registered non-profit or charitable foundation. Not all foundations engage in philanthropy; some private foundations are used for estate planning purposes.
General surgery
General surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on alimentary canal and abdominal contents including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, appendix and bile ducts, and often the thyroid gland. General surgeons also deal with diseases involving the skin, breast, soft tissue, trauma, peripheral artery disease and hernias and perform endoscopic as such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy and laparoscopic procedures.

Bile duct
A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile, and is present in most vertebrates. The bile duct is separated into three main parts: the fundus (superior), the body (middle), and the neck (inferior).

Bile is required for the digestion of food and is secreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct. It joins the cystic duct (carrying bile to and from the gallbladder) to form the common bile duct which then opens into the intestine.
Asia–France relations
Asia–France relations span a period of more than two millennia, starting in the 6th century BCE with the establishment of Marseille by Greeks from Asia Minor, and continuing in the 3rd century BCE with Gaulish invasions of Asia Minor to form the kingdom of Galatia, and Frankish Crusaders forming the Crusader states. Since these early interactions, France has had a rich history of contacts with the Asian continent.

Galatia
Galatia (/ɡəˈleɪʃə/; Ancient Greek: Γαλατία, Galatía, Turkish: Galatya) was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir in modern Turkey. Galatia was named after the Gauls from Thrace (cf. Tylis), who settled here and became a small transient foreign tribe in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC.