hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alyssum pulvinare
Alyssum pulvinare is a species of madwort, a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. A perennial herbaceous plant native to the Balkans, it grows on rocky places, rock ledges and dry grassy slopes, forming tufts about 6–15 cm high. It flowers in May and June.

The plant is found on Mount Oeta of central Greece (from the lower montane level up to 2100 m), conjectured to be present in northern Greece, reported from the south of the Republic of North Macedonia (including the mountain of Tzena or Kožuf between the two countries), the Iron Gates of southwestern Romania, and Bulgaria: at lower elevations (less than 900 m) in scattered localities in Kraishte, the middle Rhodopes, eastern Sredna Gora and the north-east of the country.

Alyssum thracicum Velen. is treated as a synonym by most, though not all, sources. Alyssum mildeanum Podp. is also commonly included as a synonym, although in some sources it is instead assigned to  A. stribrnyi.

Kožuf
Kožuf Mountain (Macedonian: Кожуф Планинаⓘ) or Tzena / Zona (Greek: Τζένα/Tzena, Ζώνα/Zona) is a mountain situated in the southern part of North Macedonia and northern part of Greece. Associated village names are Konopište, Kavadarci and Gevgelija. Smrdliva Voda is a mineral springwater site on its northeastern flank. Kavadarci Municipality and Gevgelija Municipality split the mountain.

Its most western parts reach the river Blashnica, and the north-western side stretches in a line, from the Mrezhichko village via the village of Konopište, through the course of Boshava to the city of Demir Kapija. Kožuf is a specific mountain because it is the first natural barrier in North Macedonia that is directly exposed to the influences of the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. Its highest peak is Zelen Breg (or Portes), at 2,172 meters above the sea level.

A new and modern ski center, whose construction began in 2001, was opened in 2009 on the mountain.
The Action Is Go
The Action Is Go is the fourth studio album by American stoner rock band Fu Manchu. It features new drummer Brant Bjork (Kyuss) and new lead guitarist Bob Balch, replacing Eddie Glass and Ruben Romano who left to form the band Nebula. The album was produced by Jay Noel Yuenger of White Zombie, who contributed some additional instrumentation.

According to AllMusic, the new lineup provided Fu Manchu with "the impetus and inspiration to really start moving forward," and the resulting album demonstrates the band's "punk energy, classic rock drive, psychedelic crunch, and heavy-ass grind all at once." The album sold 25,000 copies in the United States by May 2000.

Eddie Glass
Edward Glass (born December 19, 1970) is an American rock musician best known as the frontman of the stoner rock band Nebula. Glass was formerly the drummer for the punk rock band Olivelawn, as well as a guitarist of Fu Manchu. Nebula has been Glass' primary musical group since 1997, when he and drummer Ruben Romano left Fu Manchu.
Mount Ellen (Vermont)
Mount Ellen is a mountain in the Green Mountains in the U.S. state of Vermont. Located at the northern edge of the Green Mountain National Forest in Washington County, the summit of Mount Ellen is in the northwest corner of Warren but the mountain extends into Fayston to the north and Lincoln to the west. Together with Lincoln Peak to the south, the slopes of Mount Ellen are home to the Sugarbush Resort.

Mount Ellen is one of a handful of 4,000-foot (1,200 m) peaks in Vermont. At 4,083 feet (1,244 m), it is tied (with Camel's Hump) for the third-highest mountain in the state.

Washington County, Vermont
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. Named after George Washington, its county seat is the city of Montpelier (the least populous state capital in the United States) and the most populous city is the city of Barre. As of the 2020 census, the population was 59,807, making it the third-most populous county in Vermont, but the third-least populous capital county in the United States after Hughes County, South Dakota and Franklin County, Kentucky; in 2023, the estimated population was 60,142. Washington County comprises the Barre, Vermont micropolitan statistical area. In 2010, the center of population of Vermont was located in Washington County, in the town of Warren.
Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans
Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans is a species of butyrate-producing bacteria from the rumen. It is Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, curved rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar or subpolar flagellum. Its type strain is Mz 5T (=DSM 14809T =ATCC BAA-455T). xylanivorans means xylan-digesting.

Xylan
Xylan (/ˈzaɪlæn/; /ˈzaɪlən/) (CAS number: 9014-63-5) is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is found  in plants, in the secondary cell walls of dicots and all cell walls of grasses. Xylan is considered to be the second most abundant plant biopolymer, and the third most abundant polysaccharide on Earth after cellulose and chitin.
Tsegede
Tsegede (Tigrinya: ጸገዴ) is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia, named after the historic province of Tsegede. Located in the Western Zone of Tigray, Tsegede is bordered on the south and west by the Amhara Region, on the northwest by Kafta Humera, and on the north by Welkait. The administrative center of this woreda is Ketema Nigus. Other towns in Tsegede include Dansha and Idaga Hamus.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
HMS Argonaut (1898)
HMS Argonaut was a ship of the Diadem-class of protected cruiser in the British Royal Navy. She was laid down in 1898, and commissioned for service on the China station in 1900. From 1906 she served in the Home Fleet, and during the First World War she served in the Atlantic. She was converted to hospital ship in 1915, and sold for breaking up in 1920.

Protected cruiser
Protected cruisers, a type of cruiser of the late 19th century, took their name from the armored deck, which protected vital machine-spaces from fragments released by explosive shells. Protected cruisers notably lacked a belt of armour along the sides, in contrast to armored cruisers which carried both deck and belt armour.

Outside of a handful of very large designs in the major navies (which preceded the revival of armored cruisers), the majority of protected cruisers were of 'second-' or 'third-class' types, lighter in displacement and mounting fewer and/or lighter guns than armored cruisers.

By the early 20th-century, with the advent of increasingly lighter yet stronger armour, even smaller vessels could afford some level of both belt and deck armour. In the place of protected cruisers, these new 'light armored cruisers' would evolve into light cruisers and heavy cruisers, the former especially taking on many of the roles originally envisioned for protected cruisers.
2006 Australian Formula Ford Championship
The 2006 Australian Formula Ford Championship was an Australian motor racing competition for racing cars complying with Formula Ford regulations as published by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS). It was recognised by CAMS as a National Championship. The championship was the 37th national series for Formula Fords to be held in Australia and the 14th to carry the Australian Formula Ford Championship name.

The championship was won by John Martin driving a Spectrum 011 Ford.

John Martin (Australian racing driver)
John Martin is an Australian professional racing driver. Martin has had wide experience racing in European based open-wheel series since 2006. In that time Martin has had a wide experience of open-wheel racing having driven in various national and international series driving Formula Ford, Formula 3, A1 Grand Prix and Formula Renault 3.5. For the past two season Martin has raced for several teams in the football inspired series Superleague Formula. Martin has long been associated with the British Alan Docking Racing team having raced with them in a variety of formulae for four of the five years he has been racing in Europe. In 2012 Martin will again race with ADR, racing an Oreca 03 sports car in the LMP2 class of the FIA World Endurance Championship.
Piet van Katwijk
Pieter Gerardus van Katwijk (27 February 1950 – 24 February 2025) was a Dutch cyclist who was active between 1969 and 1983. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and finished in eleventh place in the road race. He won the Milk Race (1973) and Acht van Chaam (1974) as well as several stages of the Olympia's Tour (1970, 1971, 1972), Tour de Suisse (1976), Tour of Belgium (1976), Ronde van Nederland (1977), and Tour de Luxembourg (1977).

Van Katwijk died on 24 February 2025, three days before his 75th birthday. His brothers Jan and Fons and nephew Alain were also professional cyclists.

Tour of Britain
The Tour of Britain is a multi-stage cycling race, conducted on British roads, in which participants race across Great Britain to complete the race in the fastest time.

The event dates back to the first British stage races held just after the Second World War. Since then, various different events have been described as the Tour of Britain, including the Milk Race, the Kellogg's Tour of Britain and the PruTour.

The most recent version of the Tour of Britain began in 2004 as part of the UCI Europe Tour. From 2014, the race was rated 2.HC by the UCI. The race became part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020.
Robin Maxwell (author)
Robin Maxwell (born February 26, 1948) is an American historical novelist who specializes in the Tudor period. She is also a screenwriter and political blogger.

Maxwell was raised in Plainfield, New Jersey, and graduated from Tufts University. She and her husband Max, live in Pioneertown, California.

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Building at 423 West Baltimore Street
Building at 423 West Baltimore Street is a historic retail and wholesale building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a five-story loft structure of the Queen Anne style.  It achieved its present configuration in 1893, as the result of extensive alteration of an existing three-story brick warehouse. The storefront retains its important cast-iron elements, and the upper floors are essentially unchanged.

Building at 423 West Baltimore Street was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Cast-iron architecture
Cast-iron architecture is the use of cast iron in buildings and objects, ranging from bridges and markets to warehouses, balconies and fences. Refinements developed during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century made cast iron relatively cheap and suitable for a range of uses, and by the mid-19th century it was common as a structural material (and sometimes for entire buildings), and particularly for elaborately patterned architectural elements such as fences and balconies, until it fell out of fashion after 1900 as a decorative material, and was replaced by modern steel and concrete for structural purposes.
1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The second elections to the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 3 January 1980. The election was held simultaneously to the 1980 Lok Sabha election. 30 seats were up for election. A total of 95 candidates contested; 28 from the Indian National Congress (Indira), 28 from the People's Party of Arunachal, 11 from the Indian National Congress (Urs) and 28 independents. The PPA candidate in the Niausa Kanubari constituency, Wangnam Wangshu, was elected unopposed.

INC(I) won 13 seats (with 72,734 votes, 42.58%). The PPA also won 13 seats, with 70,006 votes (40.98%). The remaining four seats went to independents. In total independent candidates mustered 19,716 votes (11.54%). INC(U) failed to win any seats. The party obtained 8,361 votes (4.89%). For the first time a woman, Nyari Welly, was elected to the assembly. After the election there were massive defections to the INC(I). Gegong Apang was elected Chief Minister after the election.

Indian National Congress (U)
The Indian National Congress (U) was a breakaway faction of the Indira Gandhi-led Congress (I), formed in July 1979 by D. Devaraj Urs, the then Chief Minister of Karnataka. Urs' explanation of the split was the return of Indira's son Sanjay Gandhi into the party fold. Urs took with him many legislators from Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Goa including future Union Ministers and Chief Ministers, Yashwantrao Chavan, Dev Kant Baruah, Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, A.K. Antony, Sharad Pawar, Sarat Chandra Sinha, Priyaranjan Das Munshi and K. P. Unnikrishnan.

Subsequently, D. Devaraj Urs joined Janata Party; Yashwantrao Chavan, Brahmananda Reddy, and Chidambaram Subramaniam joined Congress (Indira); and A. K. Antony split from Congress (U) to form Congress (A) in Kerala. When Sharad Pawar took over the party presidency in October 1981, the name of the party was changed to Indian Congress (Socialist).
GNLY
Granulysin (GNLY) is a protein expressed in most mammals which functions as an antimicrobial peptide released by killer lymphocytes in cytotoxic granules. It is a pore-forming peptide, as it can puncture a microbial cell wall, allowing for other death-inducing enzymes to enter the microbe and cause microptosis. GNLY is inhibited by cholesterol, and is most effective in helping to kill cholesterol-deficient microbes.

It is part of the saposin-like protein family and contains saposin protein domain, and its gene is found on the 2nd chromosome in humans. It is distinguished by its 5 α-helical structure. Its expression is restricted to cytotoxic immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and γδ T cells. Orthologs of this protein are found in most mammal species, such as in cows and pigs, however not in rodents.

Granulysin is also an active player in many diseases, including leprosy and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Natural killer T cell
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that express characteristics of both T and natural killer cells. Natural killer T cells are a distinct type of cells and should not be confused as natural killer cells or killer T cells (cytotoxic T cells). NKT cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self and foreign lipids and glycolipids. They constitute only approximately 1% of all peripheral blood T cells. Their function is to produce and release cytokines, kill other cells, and communicate with other cells in the immune system. They have been found to play a role in various autoimmune diseases.
Bill Duncan
William Duncan (born 14 March 1880) was a Scottish football goalkeeper who played professionally in Scotland and the United States.

Duncan was born in Condoratt, Scotland. He began his career with St Mirren F.C.  At some point, he moved to Celtic F.C. where he won the 1909–10 league championship.  He also played for Airdrieonians  He then  moved to the United States where in 1915, he signed with Bethlehem Steel of the National Association Football League.  Duncan and his teammates won the 1915 National Challenge Cup.  He would go on to win the Cup another three times with Bethlehem, in 1916, 1918 and 1919.  In 1919, Duncan was part of the Bethlehem Steel tour of South America.  In 1922, he joined Fall River United in the American Soccer League.  He played only three games with the team before retiring, but not before playing against the Dick, Kerr Lady Soccer Team.

National Association Football League
The National Association Football League (also spelled National Association Foot Ball League) (NAFBL) was a semi-professional U.S. soccer league which operated between 1895 and 1898. The league was reconstituted in 1906 and continued to operate until 1921.
Anita Maris Boggs
Anita Maris Boggs (A. Maris Boggs or Maris Boggs; 1888–1937) was an American economist, educator, and philanthropist. She was the co-founder of the Bureau of Commercial Economics (BCE), its film library being one of the largest of the kind in its day, and the only one that was international; by 1920, it had the largest educational film library in the world.

Boggs served as President of the Washington, D.C. Chapter of the League of American Penwomen; and was a Fellow of the American Geographic Society. She was a recipient of the Order of the White Lion.

American Geographical Society
The American Geographical Society (AGS) is an organization of professional geographers, founded in 1851 in New York City. Most fellows of the society are Americans, but among them have always been a significant number of fellows from around the world. The society encourages activities that expands geographical knowledge, and the interpretation of that knowledge so that it can be useful to geographers and other disciplines, especially in a policymaking environment. It is the oldest nationwide geographical organization in the United States. Over the century and a half of its existence, the AGS has been especially interested in three regions: the Arctic, the Antarctic, and Latin America. A signature characteristic of the AGS-sponsored exploration was the requirement that its expeditions produce tangible scientific results.
2016–17 Arkansas State Red Wolves women's basketball team
The 2016–17 Arkansas State Red Wolves women's basketball team represented Arkansas State University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Red Wolves, led by seventeenth year head coach Brian Boyer, played their home games at the Convocation Center in Jonesboro, Arkansas as members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 7–25, 4–14 in Sun Belt play to finish in eleventh place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Sun Belt women's tournament, where they lost to Troy.

2017 Sun Belt Conference women's basketball tournament
The 2017 Sun Belt Conference women's basketball tournament is the postseason women's basketball tournament for the Sun Belt Conference beginning on March 7 and ending on March 12, 2017, at the Lakefront Arena in New Orleans.
Fire hardening
Fire hardening is the process of removing moisture from wood, changing its structure and material properties, by charring it over or directly in a fire or a bed of coals. This has been thought to make a point, like that of a spear or arrow, or an edge, like that of a knife or axe, more durable and efficient for its use as a tool or weapon. An initial study suggests that the process might reduce the work of fracture of the wood by 36% but would substantially reduce the time needed to make a spear point.

Fire hardening may be done before, after, or during the manufacturing of the wooden tip. Longer procedures involving greasing and polishing with stones to impregnate the wood with fats and oils and silica may improve the effects of the process. Fire hardening was first developed by primitive humans at least 400,000 years ago, which was long before either flint or stone points were being made.

Moisture
Moisture is the presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts. Moisture is defined as water in the adsorbed or absorbed phase. Small amounts of water may be found, for example, in the air (humidity), in foods, and in some commercial products. Moisture also refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. The soil also includes moisture.
Holmdel Township Public Schools
The Holmdel Township Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Holmdel Township, in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 2,891 students and 285.14 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.14:1.

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten (also called pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.
Spitting
Spitting  is the act of forcibly ejecting saliva, sputum, nasal mucus and/or other substances from the mouth.  The act is often done to get rid of unwanted or foul-tasting substances in the mouth, or to get rid of a large buildup of mucus.  Spitting of small saliva droplets can also happen unintentionally during talking, especially when articulating ejective and implosive consonants.

Spitting in public is considered rude, disgusting, and a social taboo in many parts of the world including the West, while in some other parts of the world it is considered more socially acceptable.

Spitting upon another person, especially onto the face, is a global sign of anger, hatred, disrespect or contempt. It can represent a "symbolical regurgitation" or an act of intentional contamination.

Implosive consonant
Implosive consonants are a group of stop consonants (and possibly also some affricates) with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs. Therefore, unlike the purely glottalic ejective consonants, implosives can be modified by phonation. Contrastive implosives are found in approximately 13% of the world's languages.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, implosives are indicated by modifying the top of a letter (voiced stop) with a rightward-facing hook: bilabial ⟨ɓ⟩, alveolar ⟨ɗ ⟩, retroflex ⟨ᶑ ⟩ (this letter is 'implicit' in the IPA), palatal ⟨ ʄ ⟩, velar ⟨ɠ ⟩ and uvular ⟨ʛ ⟩.
Jan Eriksson (ice hockey)
Jan Holger Eriksson (born 14 January 1958) is a Swedish former ice hockey defenceman.

Eriksson played in the Swedish Elitserien for MODO Hockey, AIK and VIK Västerås HK.

He participated notably in the 1980 Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid, New York, where Sweden won bronze in ice hockey tournament.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.