hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Robert Madden
Richard Robert Madden (22 August 1798 – 5 February 1886) was an Irish doctor, writer, abolitionist and historian of the United Irishmen. Madden took an active role in trying to impose anti-slavery rules in Jamaica on behalf of the British government.

Abolitionism in the United Kingdom
Abolitionism in the United Kingdom was the movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to end the practice of slavery, whether formal or informal, in the United Kingdom, the British Empire and the world, including ending the Atlantic slave trade. It was part of a wider abolitionism movement in Western Europe and the Americas. It spanned over a century and involved a wide range of activists, politicians, religious groups, and former slaves.

The trade of slaves was abolished throughout the British Empire by 1937, with Nigeria and Bahrain being the last British territories to abolish slavery.
The Arches (Glasgow)
The Arches was a bar, arts venue, theatre, live music venue and nightclub in Glasgow, Scotland, which first opened in 1991. It was a not-for-profit organisation, and was situated in the City Centre under Glasgow Central station and the West Coast Main Line in the brick arches of the viaduct leading into the station, with entrances on Midland Street, and (since 2001) an entrance underneath Hielanman's Umbrella on Argyle Street. The venue had 7,800 square metres (84,000 sq ft) of floor space which was spread over two floors and seven arches. In June 2015, The Arches announced on their website that the company would go into administration and had no choice but to close down the facility, after its licensing hours had been curtailed.

Glasgow city centre
Glasgow city centre is the central business district of Glasgow, Scotland. It is bordered by the Saltmarket, High Street and Castle Street to the east, the River Clyde to the south, and the M8 motorway to the west and north.  It is made up of the areas of Cowcaddens, Blythswood Hill, and Merchant City, though parts of Garnethill, Townhead, and Anderston also fall within its boundaries.
Rudolfinum
The Rudolfinum is a building in Prague, Czech Republic. It is designed in the neo-Renaissance style and is situated on Jan Palach Square on the bank of the river Vltava. Since its opening in 1885, it has been associated with music and art.

Currently, the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and Galerie Rudolfinum are based in the building. Its largest music auditorium, Dvořák Hall, is one of the main venues of the Prague Spring International Music Festival and is noted for its excellent acoustics.

Vltava
The Vltava (/ˈvʊltəvə, ˈvʌl-/ VU(U)L-tə-və, Czech: [ˈvl̩tava] ⓘ; German: Moldau [ˈmɔldaʊ] ⓘ) is the longest river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Elbe River. It runs southeast along the Bohemian Forest and then north across Bohemia, through Český Krumlov, České Budějovice, and Prague. It is commonly referred to as the "Czech national river".
Lara Dallman-Weiss
Lara Dallman-Weiss (/waɪs/; born January 30, 1989) is an American sailor. She qualified to represent Team USA in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, competing in the Women's Two Person Dinghy - 470 event.

Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Sailing competitions at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place from 25 July to 4 August 2021 at the Enoshima Yacht Harbor in Enoshima. The venue was also used for the 1964 Olympic Games although significantly regenerated, the IOC now encouraging regeneration, cost reductions and sustainability. The RS:X, Laser, Laser Radial, Finn, 470, 49er, 49erFX, and Nacra17 are all returning for 2020; there are no significant changes to the Olympic programme from 2016.
Bijapur City Assembly constituency
Bijapur City Assembly constituency is one of 224 assembly constituencies of the Indian state of Karnataka. The constituency was previously known as Bijapur constituency which was readjusted in 2008 on the implementation of the Delimitation Commission of 2002. The constituency was a part of Bombay State before the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. It is part of Bijapur Lok Sabha constituency.

Delimitation Commission of India
The Delimitation Commission of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act, tasked with redrawing the boundaries of legislative assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on the last census. The present delimitation of constituencies is based on the 2001 census under the provisions of the Delimitation Act, 2002.

The Commission is an independent body whose orders cannot be challenged in any court of law. The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and the respective State Legislative Assemblies. However, modifications are not permitted. The next delimitation can not be held before 2026.
Columb the Smith
Columb the Smith was an Irish saint of the early Middle Ages and possibly of the same time period as St Columba. He was commemorated on 7 June.

Little is concretely known about his identity. It is possible that he is the same person as Columb Cóilrigin mentioned in Adomnan of Iona's biography of St Columba. In Adomnan's account, Columb is a blacksmith who lives in Mide in Ireland (modern-day county Westmeath). He lived his life doing works of charity and all that he gained through his work, he used to help the poor. On the day that he died, Columba, in Iona, saw his death and told others that for his charity in life, his soul was then being carried up to heaven by the angels.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Arney River
The Arney River is a small river in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, feeding from Lower Lough MacNean and into Upper Lough Erne. It meanders through a wide, flat Glacial Trough between the uplands of Fermanagh, Belmore Mountain and the Cuilcagh Mountains. The valley is characterised by wide flat lowlands enclosed by low hills. The Cladagh River drains into the Arney River.

There are six bridging points on the Arney River, five of these are suitable for motorised vehicles, while one is located on private land near to the source of the river.

Lough Erne
Lough Erne  (/lɒx ɜːrn/ LOKH URN, from Irish Loch Éirne) is two connected lakes in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is the second-largest lake system in Northern Ireland and Ulster, and the fourth largest in Ireland. The lakes are widened sections of the River Erne, which flows north and then curves west into the Atlantic. The smaller southern lake is called the Upper Lough as it is higher up the river. The larger northern lake is called the Lower Lough or Broad Lough. The town of Enniskillen lies on the short stretch of river between the lakes. The lake has more than 150 islands, along with many coves and inlets. The River Erne is 80 miles (129 km) long and drains an area of about 1,680 square miles (4,350 km2).
How About I Be Me (and You Be You)?
How About I Be Me (and You Be You)? is the ninth full-length album by Irish singer-songwriter Sinéad O'Connor, released in Ireland on 2 March 2012 on Shamrock Solutions and 5 March 2012  in the United Kingdom on One Little Indian. The first single "The Wolf Is Getting Married" was released on 24 February in Ireland and got to number 40 for one week, accompanied by a video directed by Roman Rappak, lead singer of Breton.

The second single "4th and Vine" was released on 18 February 2013, accompanied by a video directed by Kathryn Ferguson. In 2013 O'Connor announced a European tour in support for the album, called The Crazy Baldhead Tour. Marco Pirroni of Rema Rema and Adam and the Ants plays guitar on the album.

As of 2014, sales in the United States have exceeded 18,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan.

Rema-Rema
Rema-Rema were an English post-punk group consisting of Gary Asquith (guitar/vocals), Marco Pirroni (guitar), Michael Allen (bass/vocals), Mark Cox (keyboards) and Dorothy Prior –known as "Max"– (drums), .

The group were signed to the English indie label 4AD, and broke up in December 1980. They are today best known for their song "Fond Reflections", reinterpreted as "Fond Affections" and sung by Cindy Sharp for This Mortal Coil's 1984 album It'll End in Tears.
Ilias Iliadis (judoka)
Ilias Iliadis (Greek: Ηλίας Ηλιάδης, born Jarji Zviadauri, Georgian: ჯარჯი ზვიადაური, on 10 November 1986) is a Georgian-Greek judoka. He was named the 2014 Greek Male Athlete of the Year.

He won a gold medal in the half-middleweight (81 kg) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens at age 17. Illiadis also won a gold medal 6 years later at the 2010 World Judo Championships in Tokyo in the −90 kg category.

As Greece's flagbearer, he had the honour of being the first athlete to march into the Bird's Nest Stadium during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Iliadis is a cousin of another Olympic champion, Georgian judoka Zurab Zviadauri, who also won gold at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Iliadis's family moved to Greece in 2003. He was adopted by Nikos Iliadis.

Since November 2019 Iliadis works as head coach for the Uzbek national team.

Judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 81 kg
Men's 81 kg competition in judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 17 at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall.

This event was the median of the men's judo weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 81 kilograms of body mass. Like all other judo events, bouts lasted five minutes. If the bout was still tied at the end, it was extended for another five-minute, sudden-death period; if neither judoka scored during that period, the match is decided by the judges. The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match. There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals. Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage. The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket's repechage in bronze medal bouts.

Future Russian politician Dmitry Nossov won a bronze medal.
Eastside, Flint, Michigan
Eastside, sometimes known as the State Streets, is a large neighborhood in Flint, Michigan. The neighborhood is bounded on the west by University Park and Buick City, the north by the Northeast Side, the east by Thrift City, and the south by East Village. The neighborhood is anchored on the north and south by two large parks, Whaley and Kearsley, and is also the site of Washington and Williams Elementary Schools, and formerly Homedale Elementary.

Buick City
Buick City was a massive, vertically-integrated automobile manufacturing complex in northeast Flint, Michigan, which served the Buick home plant between 1904 and 1999. In the early 1980s, after major renovations were completed to better compete with Japanese producers, the plant was renamed to "Buick City".
Dominic Tweddle
Dominic Tweddle, FSA FSA Scot, is an English archaeologist specialising in Anglo-Saxon studies. and the former director general of the National Museum of the Royal Navy. Previously he spent time as a research assistant at the British Museum and as the assistant director of the York Archaeological Trust, where he helped develop the Jorvik Viking Centre. He is also an honorary professor at the UCL Institute of Archaeology and the University of Portsmouth.

Tweddle is known for his 1992 book on the Coppergate Helmet, which built on the work of Greta Arwidsson and Heiko Steuer to provide a typology of European helmets from the end of the Western Roman Empire to the end of the Viking Age.

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is the senior antiquarian body of Scotland, with its headquarters in the National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. The Society's aim is to promote the cultural heritage of Scotland.

The usual style of post-nominal letters for fellows is FSAScot.
Cull Island
Cull Island, also known as Culls Island and Gull Island, is an island off the south coast of Western Australia in the Recherche Archipelago. It is located about 6.5 kilometres (4 mi) southeast of Esperance and occupies an area of 68 hectares (168 acres).

Cull Island is uninhabited but is home to a group of wild goats which roam the island. It also has a colony of little penguins and is one of the main nesting grounds for the Cape Barren goose.

An unmanned lighthouse is located in the centre of the island on a white hut about 3 metres (10 ft) high. It was installed with an acetylene-powered light in 1965 but was converted to an automatic solar-powered flashing light in 1984.

On 5 January 2020, Gary Johnson a local Esperance diver was killed by a great white shark while diving at Cull Island.

Little penguin
The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin in the world, and originates from New Zealand and Australia. It is commonly known as the fairy penguin, little blue penguin, or blue penguin, owing to its slate-blue plumage and is also known by its Māori name kororā. It is a marine neritic species that dives for food throughout the day and returns to burrows on the shore at dusk. Eudyptula minor feathers are dense in melanosomes, which increase water resistance and give them their unique blue colour.

The Australian little penguin (Eudyptula novaehollandiae), from Australia and the Otago region of New Zealand, was initially described as Spheniscus novaehollandiae in 1826 and was later classified as Eudyptula minor novaehollandiae, a subspecies of the little penguin.
2024 Zaragoza Open
The 2024 Zaragoza Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Zaragoza, Spain, between 8 and 14 April 2024.

Camilla Rosatello
Camilla Rosatello (born 28 May 1995) is an Italian tennis player.

She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 225, achieved on 7 August 2017 and peaked at No. 72 in doubles on 27 May 2024. Rosatello has won two doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour along with one singles and 38 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, she had a career-high combined ranking of No. 30, achieved in January 2013.

Rosatello has represented Italy in Fed Cup competition, where she has a win–loss record of 0–1 (as of March 2024).
Isabel Emslie Hutton
Dr Isabel Galloway Emslie MD, Lady Hutton
CBE (11 September 1887 – 11 January 1960) was a Scottish physician who specialised in mental health and social work.

She served leading units in Dr Elsie Inglis's Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service in the front line in World War I and won awards from the British, Serbian, Russian and French. Emslie married British military officer Lt General Sir Thomas Jacomb Hutton.

Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)
The Order of the White Eagle (Serbian: Орден Белог орла, romanized: Orden Belog orla) was a state order in the Kingdom of Serbia (1883–1918) and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1945).

It continues as a dynastic order, with appointments currently made by Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia.
Brita Bergman
Brita Elisabeth Bergman (b. Jonsson, 30 March 1946) is a Swedish emeritus professor specializing in the linguistics of signed languages. She initiated a line of research in signed language linguistics at the Department of Linguistics at Stockholm University that is still being carried out to this day.

Tecknad svenska
Tecknad svenska, or Signed Swedish, is an obsolete manually coded form of Swedish that used signs of Swedish Sign Language for lexical words, supplemented by additional signs for grammatical words and inflectional endings.  It was developed in the 1970s in the hopes of making Swedish more accessible to the deaf, but was later abandoned for being slow and inefficient.  It was never a natural form of communication among deaf people.
Mustafa Hijri
Mustafa Hijri (Kurdish: مستەفا هیجری, romanized: Mistefa Hicrî, Persian: مصطفی هجری) is an Iranian-Kurdish politician who is the current leader of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI), and a prominent figure within the Congress of Nationalities for a Federal Iran (CNFI). Hijri has been a member of the KDPI continuously since 1979.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
1964 Pro Bowl
The 1964 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 14th annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1963 season. The game was played on January 12, 1964, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of a crowd of 67,242. The final score was West 31, East 17.

The game featured Chicago Bears coach George Halas' first appearance as an all-star coach since the 1942 All-Star game which featured Halas' Bears against an all-league squad; it was also to be his final Pro Bowl appearance. Allie Sherman of the New York Giants was the coach of the East. Two Baltimore Colts swept the player of the game awards: Johnny Unitas was named "back of the game" (his third Pro Bowl MVP) and Gino Marchetti won "lineman of the game" honors. Marchetti presented the game ball to Halas.

George Halas
George Stanley Halas Sr. (February 2, 1895 – October 31, 1983), nicknamed "Papa Bear", was an American professional football end, coach, and executive. He was the founder and owner of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL), and served as his own head coach on four occasions. He was also lesser-known as a player for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is the namesake for the NFC Championship trophy.

Halas was one of the co-founders of the American Professional Football Association (now the NFL) in 1920, and in 1963 became one of the first 17 inductees into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Halas was the oldest person in NFL history to serve as a head coach, aged 72 years and 318 days when he coached the final game of his career in December 1967, a record that stood for over 50 years until Romeo Crennel became the interim head coach of the Houston Texans in October 2020, aged 73 years and 115 days.
Trondheim Sporvei
Trondheim Sporvei was a municipally owned tram operator in Trondheim, Norway that existed between 1936 and 1974. The company operated the municipal parts of the Trondheim Tramway until it was merged with A/S Graakalbanen and Trondheim Bilruter to create Trondheim Trafikkselskap. That company has become part of Nettbuss,  the largest Norwegian bus company in Norway which is owned by Norwegian State Railways (Norges Statsbaner AS).

Vy
Vygruppen, branded as Vy, formerly the Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner, NSB), is a government-owned railway company which operates most passenger train services and many bus services in Norway. The company is owned by the Norwegian Ministry of Transport. Its sub-brands include Vy Buss coach services, CargoNet freight trains and the Swedish train transport company Tågkompaniet.  In 2009, NSB carried 52 million train passengers and 104 million bus passengers.  On 24 April 2019, passenger train and bus services were rebranded as Vy.

The company was established as the Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996). In 1996 the company was split into the new NSB, the infrastructure company, Jernbaneverket and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. In 2002, the freight operations were split to the subsidiary CargoNet, and the maintenance department became Mantena. It was controversially renamed Vygruppen in 2019; the then-opposition parties vowed to reverse the name change.
Jeremiah Johnson (film)
Jeremiah Johnson is a 1972 American Western film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford as the title character and Will Geer as "Bear Claw" Chris Lapp. It is based partly on the life of the legendary mountain man John Jeremiah Johnson, recounted in Raymond Thorp and Robert Bunker's book Crow Killer: The Saga of Liver-Eating Johnson and Vardis Fisher's 1965 novel Mountain Man.

The script was written by John Milius and Edward Anhalt; the film was shot at various locations in Redford's adopted home state of Utah. It was entered into the 1972 Cannes Film Festival on May 7, 1972, and was later released on December 21, 1972, by Warner Bros. Pictures.

The film received positive reviews from critics, and was a box-office success, earning $44.7 million against a budget of $3.1 million, making it the 5th highest-grossing film of 1972.

1972 in film
The year 1972 in film involved several significant events.
Universal Pictures and Paramount Pictures celebrated their 60th anniversaries and Motion Picture Association of America celebrated their 50th anniversary.
Asia Fistball Association
The Asia Fistball Association (AFA) is the Asian continental federation of the International Fistball Association and serves to unite the national fistball associations of Asia. The AFA was founded as part of a video conference of the participating associations and the IFA.

International Fistball Association
The International Fistball Association is the umbrella organization of all national fistball organizations worldwide. It is member of the Alliance of Independent Recognized Members of Sport, within the Global Association of International Sports Federations. It is also a member of The Association for International Sport for All.
Senkyoshigo
Senkyoshigo (Japanese: 宣教師語, lit. 'missionary language') is a non-secret cant developed and spoken by Mormon missionaries serving at missions in Japan which synthesizes the native English of missionaries with aspects of Japanese.: 11  Although the grammatical framework of the cant is primarily rooted in English, it synthesizes English function words with a primarily Japanese lexicon with English pronunciations of words.

Lexicon
A lexicon (pl. lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).  In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.

Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrasemes are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included.