hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Busch, Missouri
Busch is an extinct town in Pike County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.

A post office called Busch was in operation from 1886 until 1948. The community took its name from the Anheuser-Busch company which kept an ice warehouse near the site.

Pike County, Missouri
Pike County is a county on the eastern border of the U.S. state of Missouri, bounded by the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,587. Its county seat is Bowling Green. Its namesake was a city in middle Kentucky, a region from where many early migrants came. The county was organized December 14, 1818, and named for explorer Zebulon Pike. The folksong "Sweet Betsy from Pike" is generally thought to be associated with Pike County, Missouri.

Pike County is said to be the home of Momo (The Missouri Monster). The first reported sightings in the 1970s were traced to various locations throughout the county.
Second Uddhav Thapa cabinet
The Second Uddhav Thapa cabinet  was the 6th provincial government of Koshi Province. It was formed after Uddhav Thapa was sworn in as Chief Minister of Koshi Province on 2 August 2023.

Thapa had staked claim for the post of chief minister with the support of 29 lawmakers from Nepali Congress, 13 from CPN (Maoist Center), four from CPN (Unified Socialist) and one from People's Socialist Party, Nepal.

Provincial governments of Nepal
The provinces of Nepal are governed by provincial governments which form the second level of governance in the country; after the federal government. The provincial governments are established, and their structure is defined by Part 13 of the Constitution of Nepal.
Open-source robotics
Open-source robotics is a branch of robotics where robots are developed with open-source hardware and free and open-source software, publicly sharing blueprints, schematics, and source code. It is thus closely related to the open design movement, the maker movement and open science.

Robotics middleware
Robotics middleware is middleware to be used in complex robot control software systems.

"...robotic middleware is designed to manage the complexity and heterogeneity of the hardware and applications, promote the integration of new technologies, simplify software design, hide the complexity of low-level communication and the sensor heterogeneity of the sensors, improve software quality, reuse robotic software infrastructure across multiple research efforts, and to reduce production costs."

It can be described as "software glue" to make it easier for robot builders focus on their specific problem area.
Khwaja Fazal Mohammed
Khwaja Fazal Mohammed (1805 – 1868) [Sufi name : Gawahi Shah] was a Sufi Pīr and philosopher of the Ni'matullāhī order. He served as the Samanta of Madhi (presently known as Kamkhyangar) from 1834 to 1868. Khwaja Fazal Mohammed played an instrumental role in bringing the teachings of Ni'matullāhī order to Odisha. His tomb at Solada, Dhenkanal (present day : Angul) is the only tomb of a Ni'mātullāhī wali in Odisha and is revered by both Hindus and Muslims.

Pir (Sufism)
Pir (Persian: پیر, romanized: pīr, lit. 'elder') or Peer is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة, romanized: Haḍra) . The title is often translated into English as "saint". In Sufism, a Pir's role is to guide and instruct his disciples on the Sufi path. This is often done by general lessons (called Suhbas) and individual guidance. Other words that refer to a Pir include Murshid (Arabic: مرشد, lit. 'guide, mentor') and Sarkar (Persian: سرکار, lit. 'master, lord').
Siegrist's Mill Covered Bridge
The Siegrist's Mill Covered Bridge is an 88-foot (27 m), Burr Arch Truss covered bridge over Chiques Creek between Rapho and West Hempfield townships, Lancaster County in U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Owned and maintained by the county, its official designation is the Big Chiques #6 Bridge.

The bridge's World Guide to Covered Bridges Number is 38–36–37. Added in 1980, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as structure number 80003513. The bridge is less than a mile away from the Forry's Mill Covered Bridge.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Are They Going to Hang My Papa?
"Are They Going To Hang My Papa?" is a labor song in support of Bill Haywood, Charles Moyer and George Pettibone, then on trial for the murder of Frank Steunenberg.
It is written from the viewpoint of Haywood's daughter, "little Henrietta". The miners were acquitted.

The author, "Owen Spendthrift", is usually thought to be a pseudonym, but the name is also found as the author of the words to a Scott Joplin song, "When Your Hair is Like the Snow", also written in 1907.

George Pettibone
George A. Pettibone (May 1862 – August 3, 1908) was an Idaho miner. Pettibone was best known as a defendant in trial of three leaders of the Western Federation of Miners for the 1905 assassination by bombing of Frank Steunenberg, former governor of Idaho.
John M. Newman
John Michael Newman Jr. (born December 20, 1950, Dayton, Ohio) is an American author and retired major in the United States Army. Newman was on the faculty at the University of Maryland from 1995 to 2012, and has been a Political Science professor at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia since January 2013.

James Madison University
James Madison University (JMU, Madison, or James Madison) is a public research university in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1908, the institution was renamed in 1938 in honor of the fourth president of the United States, James Madison. It has since expanded from its origins as a normal school and teacher's college into a comprehensive university. It is situated in the Shenandoah Valley, just west of Massanutten Mountain.
Chapalichthys
Chapalichthys is a genus of splitfins that are endemic to west-central Mexico, where found in lakes, pools, ponds and channels in the Lerma–Chapala–Grande de Santiago and Balsas basins. Chapalichthys reach up to 9.3 cm (3.7 in) in standard length. Despite this relatively small size, they are often caught as food in Lake Chapala.

Lerma River
The Lerma River (Spanish: Río Lerma) is Mexico's seventh longest river.

It is a 750 km-long (470 mi) river in west-central Mexico that begins in Mexican Plateau at an altitude over 3,000 metres (9,843 ft) above sea level, and ends where it empties into Lake Chapala, Mexico's largest lake, near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Lake Chapala is also the starting point of Río Grande de Santiago, which some treat as a continuation of the Lerma River. In combination, the two are often called the Lerma Santiago River (Spanish: Río Lerma Santiago).

The Lerma River is notorious for its pollution, but the water quality has demonstrated considerable improvement in recent years due mostly to government environmental programs and through a vast program of upgrading local sanitation infrastructure.
Smith House (Bentonville, Arkansas)
The Smith House is a historic house at 806 NW "A" Street in Bentonville, Arkansas.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story L-shaped Tudor Revival house, with a rubblestone exterior.  Its main (west-facing) facade has a side-gable roof, with two projecting gable sections.  The left one is broader and has a shallow pitch roof, while that at the center is narrower and steeply pitched, sheltering the entrance.  It is decorated with latticework that frames the entrance.  Built c. 1925, it is the only known Tudor Revival style house of this sort in Benton County.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Gable roof
A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge. The most common roof shape in cold or temperate climates, it is constructed of rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of a gable roof can vary greatly.
Meilichos
Meilichos (Greek: Μείλιχος, Latin: Meilichus) is a torrent in the northwestern part of Achaea, southern Greece.  The river flows from a spring near Skioessa near the northern part of the Panachaiko mountain west of the ravine of Charadros to the Gulf of Patras. It passes north of Skioessa, under a viaduct of the A5 motorway, through the village Sychaina, now a neighbourhood of Patras, it empties west of the neighbourhood of Agyia.

In antiquity there was a temple of Artemis Triklaria near the river, but this has not yet been found by archaeologists. Near the intersection of present-day Aretha Street and the Greek National Road 8A in the Patras neighbourhood of Ampelokipoi, a bridge from the Roman era has been excavated. It currently has a covering which protects the structure from rain.

Agyia
Agyia (Greek: Αγυιά) is a neighborhood of the city of Patras, Greece.  It is located about 3.5 km north of downtown Patras.  The community forms the mid-northern part of the city of Patras (except 1 km north of Old GR-9 by-pass).  Most of the street names are named after rivers.  The town includes the church of St. Constantine (Aghios Konstantinos).
Unicolor cribo
The unicolor cribo (Drymarchon melanurus unicolor) is a Central American subspecies of the cribo snakes. The eastern indigo snake, Drymarchon corais couperi is another subspecies of this genus. Until recently the unicolor cribo was considered a subspecies of the same species as the indigo snake Drymarchon corais unicolor.

Unlike the indigo snake, which is dark blue to almost black, the unicolor cribo has a yellow or golden color with black facial and neck bar-like markings.

This snake reaches a length of over nine feet. It is terrestrial and diurnal. It can be found in marshes, swamps, and riverbeds. The unicolor cribo is non-venomous. It bites its prey without coiling around it. It pins its prey, crushing it, and then swallows it whole. Its prey consists of other snakes, including venomous snakes, small mammals, small birds, lizards, frogs, fish, and other small vertebrate animals.

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
Vávra
Vávra (feminine: Vávrová) is a Czech surname, derived from the given name Vavřinec (a Czech variant of Lawrence). Notable people with the surname include:

Dana Vávrová (1967–2009), Czech-German actress

Daniel Vávra (born 1972), Czech video game writer, director and designer

Greg Vavra (born 1961), Canadian football player

Iva Vávrová (born 1943), Czech sprint canoeist

Jiří Vávra (born 1975), Czech footballer

Joe Vavra (born 1959), American baseball coach

Josef Vávra (born 1984), Czech ice hockey player

Lawrence Vavra (born 1977), American music manager

Michaela Vávrová (born 1974), Czech rower

Otakar Vávra (1911–2011), Czech film director and screenwriter

Robert Vavra (born 1935), American photographer

Stanislav Vávra (born 1993), Czech footballer

Terrin Vavra (born 1997), American baseball player

Vladimír Vávra (1905–1932), Czech wrestler

Zdeněk Vávra (1891–1947), Czech fencer

Zdeňka Vávrová (born 1945), Czech astronomer

Greg Vavra
Greg Vavra (born February 19, 1961) is a Canadian former professional football quarterback who played five seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Calgary Stampeders, BC Lions and Edmonton Eskimos. He played CIAU football for the Calgary Dinosaurs and won the Hec Crighton Trophy in 1983.
Dempster Heming
Dempster Henry Ratcliffe Heming (November 30, 1885 – April 20, 1967) was an English-born political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Moose Jaw City from 1944 to 1960 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in London and was educated at Westminster School and King's College London. Heming came to Canada in 1905, settling on a homestead near Arcola, Saskatchewan. He was also working for the Canadian Pacific Railway at the same time and sold his farm in 1912 to become a full-time employee of the railway at Moose Jaw. He helped organize the Labour Representative League there in 1916, which led to the election of William George Baker to the provincial assembly in 1921. Heming was elected to Moose Jaw City Council in 1937, serving until 1947. He retired from politics in 1960 and died in Moose Jaw at the age of 81.

Homestead principle
The homestead principle is the principle by which one gains ownership of an unowned natural resource by performing an act of original appropriation. Appropriation could be enacted by putting an unowned resource to active use (as with using it to produce some product),
joining it with previously acquired property, or by marking it as owned (as with livestock branding).

Homesteading is one of the foundations of Rothbardian anarcho-capitalism and right-libertarianism.
Paasche
Paasche is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eystein Paasche (1932–2016), Norwegian botanist

Fredrik Paasche (1886–1943), Norwegian educator and author

Hans Paasche (1881–1920), German politician, pacifist, ethnologist, and writer; son of Hermann

Hermann Paasche (1851–1925), German statistician and economist

Johan Henrik Paasche Thorne (1843–1920), Norwegian businessperson and politician

Øystein Paasche (born 1963), Norwegian musician and drummer

Øystein Paasche
Øystein Paasche (born 3 May 1963) is a Norwegian musician and drummer in deLillos. He took part in the band 1988 replacing Øystein Jevanord.  He also played in Badegjestene who recorded an album in 1999. He has also played percussion on the Randall-Mayers album Era / Indian Impressions
1981–82 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 1981–82 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1981–82 college basketball season. The team was coached by Sonny Smith, who was in his fourth season.

The Tigers' key signee was freshman Charles Barkley from Leeds High School in Birmingham, Alabama.  Other key newcomers were junior college transfers Odell Mostellar and .Earl Hayes

The team played their home games at Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 14-14, 7–11 in SEC play. The team advanced to the second round of the 1982 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament, where they lost to Kentucky.

1982 SEC men's basketball tournament
The 1982 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 3–6, 1982 at Rupp Arena in downtown Lexington, Kentucky, home to the University of Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team. The Alabama Crimson Tide won the tournament and the SEC's automatic bid to the 1982 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball tournament by defeating Kentucky by a score of 48–46. The tournament win was Alabama's second SEC tournament win, but it was the program's first tournament win since the 1934 tournament.

Coverage of the entire tournament was produced and regionally syndicated by the TVS Television Network, with NBC covering the championship game for areas outside the SEC geographical footprint.
Ruma Falk
Ruma Falk (Hebrew: רומה פלק, née Oren-Aharonovich, 1932–2020) was an Israeli psychologist and philosopher of mathematics known for her work on probability theory and human understanding of probability and statistics.

Falk was born in Jerusalem, and educated at the Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium and Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She completed her PhD on the perception of chance at the Hebrew University in 1975 under the supervision of Amos Tversky, and became a professor there. She was married to Raphael Falk, a geneticist and historian of science.

Falk won the George Pólya Award of the Mathematical Association of America with Maya Bar-Hillel in 1984 for their joint work on probability. She died on August 15, 2020.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
Venterstad
Venterstad is a settlement in Walter Sisulu Local Municipality in Joe Gqabi District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

Town 43 km south-east of Norvalspont and 65 km west of Burgersdorp It was laid out in 1875 and attained municipal status in 1895. Named after the owner of the land on which it was established, Johannes J. T. Venter.

It is one of the smaller towns that currently forms part of the Gariep Local Municipality, with its seat in Burgersdorp. The town and its surrounding areas are served by a 24-hour Primary healthcare clinic (Venterstad Clinic), previously municipality-owned, but since 2010 run by the sub-district office for Health of the Eastern Cape Province. It also supports a mobile clinic and a satellite clinic at Oviston.

Walter Sisulu Local Municipality
Walter Sisulu Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala wase Walter Sisulu; Afrikaans: Walter Sisulu Munisipaliteit; Sotho: Masepala wa Walter Sisulu) is a local municipality within the Joe Gqabi District Municipality, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The municipality was formed by merging the Maletswai and Gariep local municipalities immediately after the August 2016 local municipal elections.
Witchetty grub
The witchetty grub (also spelled witchety grub or witjuti grub) is a term used in Australia for the large, white, wood-eating larvae of several moths. In particular, it applies to the larvae of the cossid moth Endoxyla leucomochla, which feeds on the roots of the witchetty bush (after which the grubs are named) that is widespread throughout the Northern Territory and also typically found in parts of Western Australia and South Australia, although it is also found elsewhere throughout Australia.

The term can also apply to larvae of other cossid moths, ghost moths (Hepialidae), and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). The term is used mainly when the larvae are being considered as food. The grub is the most important insect food of the desert and has historically been a staple in the diets of Aboriginal Australians.

Entomophagy
Entomophagy (/ˌɛntəˈmɒfədʒi/, from Greek ἔντομον éntomon, 'insect', and φαγεῖν phagein, 'to eat') is the practice of eating insects. An alternative term is insectivory.

Entomophagy is sometimes defined to also include the eating of arthropods other than insects, such as arachnids and myriapods; eating arachnids may also be referred to as arachnophagy.
2012 Save Cup – Doubles
Valentyna Ivakhnenko and Marina Melnikova were the defending champions, but Ivakhnenko chose not to participate. Melnikova partnered up with Sofia Shapatava, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Réka-Luca Jani and Teodora Mirčić.

Mailen Auroux and María Irigoyen won the title, defeating Jani and Mirčić in the final, 5–7, 6–4, [10–8].

Teodora Mirčić
Teodora Mirčić (Serbian Cyrillic: Теодора Мирчић, pronounced [teodǒːra mîːrtʃitɕ]; born 3 March 1988) is a Serbian former professional tennis player. Over her career, she won three singles and 33 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit, and also played for the Serbia Fed Cup team.
Adiabatic theorem
The adiabatic theorem is a concept in quantum mechanics. Its original form, due to Max Born and Vladimir Fock (1928), was stated as follows:

In simpler terms, a quantum mechanical system subjected to gradually changing external conditions adapts its functional form, but when subjected to rapidly varying conditions there is insufficient time for the functional form to adapt, so the spatial probability density remains unchanged.

Vladimir Fock
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock (or Fok; Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Фок) (December 22, 1898 – December 27, 1974) was a Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics.
Imam Shamil Battalion
The Imam Shamil Battalion (Arabic: كتيبة الإمام شامل, romanized: Katiba Al Imam Shamil, Russian: батальон имама Шамиля) was a militant Islamist organization in Russia. It is a North Caucasus affiliate of Al-Qaeda.

The name of the group is in reference to Imam Shamil, a Muslim leader from Dagestan that fought an invasion by the Russian Empire during the Caucasian War, and was the third Imam of Caucasian Imamate.

Caucasian Imamate
The Caucasian Imamate, also known as the North Caucasian Imamate (Arabic: إمامة شمال القوقاز, romanized: Imāmat Shamal al-Qawqāz), was a state founded by Muslim imams in the early-to-mid 19th century across Dagestan and Chechnya. It emerged during the Caucasian War (1817–1864) as a resistance movement against the Russian Empire's expansion into the region. The Imamate sought to unify the diverse peoples of the North Caucasus under a centralized Islamic governance structure, implementing sharia law to consolidate political and military opposition to Russian rule.

Russia, aiming to secure its southern frontiers and stabilize communication routes to its newly acquired territories in the South Caucasus (modern-day Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), sought to annex the North Caucasus. The Imamate became the primary force opposing this conquest, enduring decades of conflict before its eventual dissolution following the capture of its final leader, Imam Shamil, in 1859.