hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1953–54 Serie A
The 1953-54 Serie A was the fifty-second edition of the Italian Football Championship. It was the twenty-first Italian Football Championship branded Serie A, since Serie A was launched in 1929. This was the twenty-eighth season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. Internazionale were champions for the second of two consecutive wins, and for the seventh time in their history. This was their fifth scudetto since the scudetto started being awarded in 1924, and their fifth win contested as Serie A.

Scudetto
The scudetto (Italian: [skuˈdetto]; Italian for 'little shield') is a decoration having the colors of the flag of Italy which is sewn onto the jersey of the Italian sports clubs that won the highest level championship of their respective sport in the previous season. The scudetto was created in the 1920s to honour the winner of the national association football league (in 1929 rebranded as Serie A) and the first team to wear it was Genoa in 1924. Later, it was adopted by the teams of other sports.

The word scudetto is also used to indicate the Serie A trophy; "winning the scudetto" is a synonym of "winning Serie A".
Military patrol at the 1936 Winter Olympics
At the 1936 Winter Olympics, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, in 1936, a military patrol competition was held. The International Olympic Committee refused admission of this sport into the Olympic Program, but the expressed desires of Adolf Hitler forced the IOC to make this program a demonstration sport. Military patrol is considered the precursor to biathlon.

The success of the Italian team was honored by Benito Mussolini with 30,000 lira per participant, because it was the first time that the Italians placed first in Nordic skiing at the Olympics.

Event held on February 14, 1936

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.
Népszabadság
Népszabadság (Hungarian: [ˈneːpsɒbɒt͡ʃːaːɡ]; lit. 'Liberty of the People') was a major Hungarian newspaper which was formerly the official press organ of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party during the Hungarian People's Republic. Before its closure, Népszabadság was considered the de facto newspaper of record for Hungary.

Government gazette
A government gazette (also known as an official gazette, official journal, official newspaper, official monitor or official bulletin) is a periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices. It is usually established by statute or official action, and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice.
Gazettes are published either in print, electronically or both.
Gent per Formentera
Gent per Formentera (English: People for Formentera, GxF), is a political grouping of the island of Formentera that appeared in 2007 to contest the elections to the Island Council of Formentera and the elections to the Parliament of the Balearic Islands (in coalition with PSIB). They describe themselves as a left-wing, environmentalist and nationalist party dedicated to fulfilling the specific needs of the island.

Parliament of the Balearic Islands
The Parliament of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Parlament de les Illes Balears; Spanish: Parlamento de las Islas Baleares) is the unicameral autonomous parliament of the Balearic Islands, one of the autonomous communities of Spain. Composed of 59 elected seats, it sits in the city of Palma, on the island of Majorca.
Universal instantiation
In predicate logic, universal instantiation (UI; also called universal specification or universal elimination, and sometimes confused with dictum de omni) is a valid rule of inference from a truth about each member of a class of individuals to the truth about a particular individual of that class. It is generally given as a quantification rule for the universal quantifier but it can also be encoded in an axiom schema. It is one of the basic principles used in quantification theory.

Example: "All dogs are mammals. Fido is a dog. Therefore Fido is a mammal."

Formally, the rule as an axiom schema is given as

for every formula A and every term t, where  is the result of substituting t for each free occurrence of x in A.  is an instance of

And as a rule of inference it is

from  infer

Irving Copi noted that universal instantiation "...follows from variants of rules for 'natural deduction', which were devised independently  by Gerhard Gentzen and Stanisław Jaśkowski in 1934."

Gerhard Gentzen
Gerhard Karl Erich Gentzen (24 November 1909 – 4 August 1945) was a German mathematician and logician. He made major contributions to the foundations of mathematics, proof theory, especially on natural deduction and sequent calculus. He died of starvation in a Czech prison camp in Prague in 1945.
Kindersley-Biggar
Kindersley-Biggar is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Created for the 9th Saskatchewan general election as Kerrobert-Kindersley, this constituency was renamed Kindersley for the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975 and Kindersley-Biggar for the 2024 general election.

The largest centre in the riding is the town of Kindersley (pop. 4,571). Other communities in the district include the towns of Kerrobert, Macklin, Eatonia, and Luseland; and the villages of Denzil, Marengo, Coleville, Tramping Lake, and Major.

For the 2024 election, the riding gained significant territory from Rosetown-Elrose and Biggar-Sask Valley centred around the town of Biggar, and lost a small area south of Kindersley to Cypress Hills. Accordingly, the riding will was renamed Kindersley-Biggar.

Marengo, Saskatchewan
Marengo (2016 population: 67) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Milton No. 292 and Census Division No. 13. It is about 45 km (28 mi) west of Kindersley. It is located within the Sun West School Division.
St Peter and St Paul, Checkendon
St Peter and St Paul is the Church of England parish church of Checkendon, a village in Oxfordshire, England. Its parish is part of the Deanery of Henley in the Diocese of Oxford. Its earliest parts are 12th-century and it is a Grade I listed building.

The church is a Norman building. All but one of the windows were replaced later in the Middle Ages with Decorated Gothic and Perpendicular Gothic ones, and the Perpendicular Gothic west tower is also a later addition.

The church is served by Langtree Team Ministry, which is also responsible for St Mary’s Church in Ipsden, St Mary’s Church in North Stoke,  St John the Evangelist Church in Stoke Row, St John the Baptist in Whitchurch Hill, St Mary’s Church in Whitchurch-on-Thames, and St Leonard’s Church in Woodcote.

Whitchurch Hill
Whitchurch Hill is a village in the Chiltern Hills in Oxfordshire, about 5.5 miles (9 km) northwest of Reading, Berkshire, near Whitchurch-on-Thames. The Church of England parish church of Saint John the Baptist was designed by the architect Francis Bacon (1842–1930) and built in 1883. Whitchurch Hill has a public house, the Sun Inn.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 23rd Middlesex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 23rd Middlesex district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Middlesex County. Democrat Sean Garballey of Arlington has represented the district since 2009.

Massachusetts Democratic Party
The Massachusetts Democratic Party (MassDems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Massachusetts. It is chaired by Steve Kerrigan and is the dominant party in the state, controlling all nine of the state's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all six elected statewide offices including the governorship, and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Hans Lenk
Hans Lenk (23 March 1935 – 30 July 2024) was a German rower who competed for the United Team of Germany in the 1960 Summer Olympics, and an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy. He was born in Berlin.

In 1960, he was a crew member of the West German boat that won the gold medal in the eights event.

Ratzeburg
Ratzeburg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁatsəbʊʁk] ⓘ; Low German: Ratzborg) is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is surrounded by four lakes—the resulting isthmuses between the lakes form the access lanes to the town. Ratzeburg is the capital of the district Herzogtum Lauenburg.
Ay-Yıldız Stadium
Ay-Yıldız Stadium is a stadium in Karabük, Turkey. It was opened to public in 2014 and have a capacity of 25,000 spectators. This stadium's unique feature is when looked from a bird's eye view, the stadium will have the shape of a crescent moon and a star, as in Turkish flag. It is the new home of Karabük University. The dean of the university stated that Karabukspor is welcome in their stadium.

Karabük University
Karabük University (Turkish: Karabük Üniversitesi) is a public university in Karabük, Turkey. It was founded in 2007 as one of the 17 new universities of that time in Turkey.  Karabük University, ranked among the 801- 1000 in the list of the best universities in the world published by Times Higher Education (THE) for 2020 and 801-1000 in the 2021 World rankings.
Debre Sina
Debre Sina (Ge'ez ደብረ ሲና Dabra Sīnā, modern Debre Sīnā, "Mount Sinai") is the name of a number of places in Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Debre Sina (church), a church near Gorgora, on the northern shore of Lake Tana

Debre Sina (Eritrea), a monastery in Anseba Region, near Keren

Debre Sina (island), an island of Lake Zway

Debre Sina (woreda), a woreda in the Amhara Region

Debre Sina, Ethiopia, a town

Debre Sina Monastery (Ethiopia), a monastery in Gojjam province (modern day Amhara Region)

Debre Sina (monastery)
Debra Sina (Tigrinya: ደብረ ሲና) is a monastery in the highlands of Eritrea near Keren in the Anseba Region. It was founded in the 4th century by saint Aba Salama, making it one of the oldest churches in the world.
Eric Schubert
Eric Schubert (born May 28, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers. Schubert started off with the Pittsburgh Maulers in 1984. He then played for the New York Giants in 1985, the St. Louis Cardinals in 1986 and for the New England Patriots in 1987.

Raised in Ringwood, New Jersey, Schubert played both baseball and football at Lakeland Regional High School.

Pittsburgh Maulers (1984)
The Pittsburgh Maulers were a team that competed in the 1984 season of the United States Football League. Their most prominent player was first pick overall in the 1984 USFL draft, running back Mike Rozier of Nebraska, who won the Heisman Trophy, collegiate football's most prestigious individual award.

They were owned by shopping mall magnate Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr., the father of Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr., then-owner of the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League and the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League. The Maulers played at Three Rivers Stadium.
Neal W. Pollock
Neal Pollock is a Canadian academic and diver. Born in Edmonton, Canada he completed a bachelor's degree in zoology; the first three years at University of Alberta and the final year at the University of British Columbia. After completing a master's degree he then served as diving officer at University of British Columbia for almost five years. He then moved to Florida and completed a doctorate in exercise physiology/environmental physiology at Florida State University.

American Academy of Underwater Sciences
The American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) is a group of scientific organizations and individual members who conduct scientific and educational activities underwater. It was organized in 1977 and incorporated in the State of California in 1983.
St. Stephen's Mausoleum
St. Stephen's Mausoleum is a memorial building to Stephen I of Hungary in Székesfehérvár, Hungary. It was built in the late 1930s behind the excavated ruins of the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary where Stephen had been originally buried, and contains the 11th-century sarcophagus of the deceased king.

Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (pl.: sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word sarcophagus comes from the Greek σάρξ sarx meaning "flesh", and φαγεῖν phagein meaning "to eat"; hence sarcophagus means "flesh-eating", from the phrase lithos sarkophagos (λίθος σαρκοφάγος), "flesh-eating stone". The word also came to refer to a particular kind of limestone that was thought to rapidly facilitate the decomposition of the flesh of corpses contained within it due to the chemical properties of the limestone itself.
Josh Doyle
Josh Doyle is a British-American singer-songwriter and musician best known as a solo performer as well as being the frontman of UK punk pop group Dum Dums

In 2012 he signed with CTK management (Dolly Parton) and The Agency Group (Muse, My Chemical Romance, Pink Floyd) after being discovered through winning the "Guitar Center Singer Songwriter" contest. His single "Solarstorms" was released worldwide on CTK Records/Corporate Ogre Records on 23 August 2012, accompanied by his US Network TV debut on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" His self-titled album was released on 23 October 2012, produced by multiple Grammy award-winning producer John Shanks.

In 2021 he teamed up with Candi Carpenter to form "Church Of Roswell" on their Americana-driven EP "Here Comes Church Of Roswell" produced by Alden Witt and Peter Shurkin, mixed by Ryan Hewitt and featuring the 400 unit.

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.
American Society of Animal Science
The American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) is a non-profit professional organization for the advancement of livestock, companion animals, exotic animals and meat science. Founded in 1908, ASAS is headquartered in Champaign, Illinois.

ASAS members are involved in university research, education, and extension as well as in the feed, pharmaceutical, and other animal-related industries. Disciplines include nutrition, reproductive physiology, genetics, and behavior of food-producing animals and processing of meat-based products, including beef, pork, and veal.

Official ASAS Mission: "The American Society of Animal Science is a membership society that supports the careers of scientists and animal producers in the United States and internationally. The American Society of Animal Science fosters the discovery, sharing and application of scientific knowledge concerning the responsible use of animals to enhance human life and well-being."

Champaign, Illinois
Champaign (/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ sham-PAYN) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.

Champaign shares the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Urbana, and is also home to Parkland College, which gives the city a large student population during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of technology startup companies, it is often referred to as a hub of the Illinois Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm. Champaign also serves as the headquarters for several companies, including Jimmy John's.
Neural network
A neural network is a group of interconnected units called neurons that send signals to one another. Neurons can be either biological cells or mathematical models. While individual neurons are simple, many of them together in a network can perform complex tasks. There are two main types of neural networks.

In neuroscience, a biological neural network is a physical structure found in brains and complex nervous systems – a population of nerve cells connected by synapses.

In machine learning, an artificial neural network is a mathematical model used to approximate nonlinear functions. Artificial neural networks are used to solve artificial intelligence problems.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Can Uzun
Can Yılmaz Uzun (born 11 November 2005) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt. Born in Germany, he plays for the Turkey national team.

Turkish Football Federation
The Turkish Football Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu; TFF) is the governing body of association football in Turkey. It was formed on 23 April 1923, and joined FIFA the same year and UEFA in 1962. It organizes the Turkey national football team, the Turkish Football League and the Turkish Cup.
Andy Thompson (baseball)
Andrew John Thompson (born October 8, 1975) is a former Major League Baseball left fielder who played for the Toronto Blue Jays in 2000.

Thompson was drafted straight out of Sun Prairie High School by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 23rd round of the 1994 Major League Baseball draft. His best minor league season came in 1999 when he hit 31 home runs and had 95 RBI for Double-A Knoxville and Triple-A Syracuse. He started 2000 with Triple-A Syracuse, but was briefly promoted to the majors in May where he had 1 hit in the only 2 games of his major league career. He played in Toronto's organization again in 2001 and played 2002, his final season, in the St. Louis Cardinals and Tampa Bay Devil Rays organizations.

Knoxville Smokies
The Knoxville Smokies are a  Minor League Baseball team based in Knoxville, Tennessee. The team, which plays in the Southern League, is the Double-A affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. The team was based in Kodak, Tennessee, a Knoxville suburb, from 2000 to 2024 as the Tennessee Smokies at Smokies Stadium. The team moved into Covenant Health Park in Knoxville in 2025. The team's nickname refers to the Great Smoky Mountains which permeate the region; mountains in the chain are often clouded in a hazy mist that may appear as smoke rising from the forest.
She Mengxiao
She Mengxiao (Chinese: 佘孟孝; July 1931 – January 22, 2023) was a Chinese politician and legal affairs official. He served as Vice Minister of Justice of the Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China and later as Executive Vice President and Party Secretary of the China Law Society. He was also a delegate to the 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Beijing between September 12 and 18, 1997. It was preceded by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and was followed by the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. 2,048 delegates and 60 specially invited delegates represented the party's estimated 59 million members.

The congress elected a 344-member 15th CCP Central Committee, as well as a 115-member Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). This change in membership made the new average age of the CCP 55 and percentage of members holding university or college level education 92.4%. Jiang Zemin was reappointed CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
Andre Franke
Andre Franke, born on 16 October 1978, is a geneticist, academic, and university professor. He is a Full W3 Professor of Molecular Medicine at the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, and a managing director at the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology.

Franke is most known for his work on genetics, genome-wide association studies, microbiome, and internal medicine research. He integrates bioinformatics developments with novel technologies, chronic inflammatory diseases, and has studied the genetic architecture of different complex diseases and traits.

Molecular medicine
Molecular medicine is a broad field, where physical, chemical, biological, bioinformatics and medical techniques are used to describe molecular structures and mechanisms, identify fundamental molecular and genetic errors of disease, and to develop molecular interventions to correct them. The molecular medicine perspective emphasizes cellular and molecular phenomena and interventions rather than the previous conceptual and observational focus on patients and their organs.
Vienna Tales
Vienna Tales (German: Wiener G'schichten) is a 1940 musical comedy film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Marte Harell, Olly Holzmann, and Hans Moser. The film is set in Imperial Vienna at the beginning of the twentieth century. The film's sets were designed by Hans Ledersteger and Ernst Richter.

Géza von Bolváry
Géza von Bolváry (born Géza Gyula Mária Bolváry Zahn, German: Géza Maria von Bolváry-Zahn; 26 December 1897 – 10 August 1961) was a Hungarian actor, screenwriter, and film director, who worked principally in Germany and Austria.
Manoe Meulen
Manoe Mathilda Catharina Maria Meulen (born 11 September 1978) is a retired Dutch football defender. After making her national team debut in April 2003, she represented the senior Netherlands women's national football team on 55 occasions, scoring one goal. Meulen played in all five matches as the Netherlands reached the semi-final of UEFA Women's Euro 2009.

UEFA Women's Euro 2009
The 2009 UEFA Women's Championship, often known as the 2009 Women's Euros or just the 2009 Euros, was played in Finland between 23 August and 10 September 2009. The host was appointed on 11 July 2006, in a UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Berlin and the Finnish proposal won over the Dutch proposal.

The UEFA Women's Championship is a regular tournament involving European national teams from countries affiliated to UEFA, the European governing body, who have qualified for the competition. The competition aims to determine which national women's team is the best in Europe.

The 2009 tournament was won by Germany for a fifth straight and record-extending seventh time in total. They beat England, appearing in their first final since 1984, 6–2 in the final. The Germans also boasted the tournament's leading goalscorer in Inka Grings.

Iceland, Netherlands and Ukraine made their debut.