hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard von Schubert-Soldern
Richard Ritter von Schubert-Soldern (14 December 1852, Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia – 19 October 1924, Zwettl, Austria) was a philosopher in Austria-Hungary and later Austria. (His year of death is sometimes said to have been 1935.)

Schubert-Soldern earned a doctorate at the University of Prague in 1879 and habilitated at Leipzig University in 1882 with a thesis titled Ueber Trancendenz des Objects und Subjects (On the Transcendence of the Object and Subjects).

He held teaching posts at Leipzig  University and a Görz gymnasium. He defended immanent philosophy and epistemological solipsism.

Immanence
The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world. It is held by some philosophical and metaphysical theories of divine presence. Immanence is usually applied in monotheistic, pantheistic, pandeistic, or panentheistic faiths to suggest that the spiritual world permeates the mundane. It is often contrasted with theories of transcendence, in which the divine is seen to be outside the material world.

Major faiths commonly devote significant philosophical efforts to explaining the relationship between immanence and transcendence but do so in different ways, such as:

casting immanence as a characteristic of a transcendent God (common in Abrahamic religions),

subsuming immanent personal gods in a greater transcendent being (such as with Brahman in Hinduism), or

approaching the question of transcendence as something which can only be answered through an appraisal of immanence.
Danish Writers Guild
Danish Writers Guild (Danish: Danske Dramatikere, literally: Danish Dramatists) is a trade union for playwrights and screenwriters in theatre, radio, television and film, and for translators of drama and librettists.

The Guild was founded 9 March 1906 as Danske Dramatikeres Forbund (Danish Dramatists' Union) at the initiative of playwright Emma Gad with the aim of serving the dramatists the copyright that had been secured by the Berne Convention from 1886 which Denmark joined in the 1903.

Danish Writers Guild is both a member of Nordic Writers Guild, whose main purpose is to support Nordic playwrights' rights and fulfil their general economic interests globally, and of Fédération des Scénaristes d'Europe (Federation of European Screen Writers).

The Guild today has more than 300 members.

Emma Gad
Emma Gad (21 January 1852 - 8 January 1921), born Emma Halkier, was a Danish writer and socialite who wrote plays and books that were often satirical. Although she was a prolific writer, many of her works fell into obscurity after her death. One work that remained popular was Takt og Tone, a book of etiquette she wrote in old age.

She received a gold Medal of Merit in 1905. Today her plays are preserved in Denmark's Royal Library.
The Carnival Bizarre
The Carnival Bizarre is the third studio album by British doom metal band Cathedral, released in September 1995 through Earache Records.

Released in 1996, the related Hopkins (The Witchfinder General) EP features that titular track along with four additional songs.

Earache Records
Earache Records is a British independent record label, music publisher and management company founded by Digby Pearson in 1985, based in Nottingham, England, with offices in London and New York. The label helped to pioneer extreme metal by releasing early grindcore and death metal records between the late 1980s and mid-1990s. Its roster has since diversified into more mainstream guitar music, working with bands such as Rival Sons, the Temperance Movement, Blackberry Smoke, Scarlet Rebels and the White Buffalo. The company also hosted the 'Earache Express' stage at Glastonbury Festival in 2017 and 'The Earache Factory' at Boomtown 2018. The label's logo is a homage to Thrasher magazine, as Pearson was a skateboard culture enthusiast.
GNN Radio
GNNradio (Good News Network) is a network of Christian radio stations in the Southeastern United States, broadcasting Christian talk and teaching programs as well as Christian music.

Programs heard on Good News Network include Grace to You with John MacArthur, In Touch with Charles Stanley, Thru the Bible with J. Vernon McGee, Turning Point with David Jeremiah, Running to Win with Erwin Lutzer, Focus on the Family, and Unshackled!

Unshackled!
Unshackled! is a radio drama series produced by Pacific Garden Mission, in Chicago, Illinois, that first aired on September 23, 1950. It is one of the longest-running radio dramas in history and one of a very few still in production in the United States. The show is aired over 6,500 times around the world each week on over 1,550 radio outlets, and is translated and re-dramatized into eight languages on six continents.

As of January 2022, over 3,707 episodes have been produced, each 30 minutes in length. Unshackled! is produced in the same way as shows during the Golden Age of Radio: Actors record dialogue live before a studio audience, an organist plays live incidental music, and a sound-effects person plays sounds in real time as the show progresses. The show has retained a consistent and distinctive quality throughout its years of production, established by Jack O'Dell's 40-year tenure as its producer/director from 1950 to 1990.
Aydarovo
Aydarovo (Russian: Айдарово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Aydarovo, Chuvash Republic, a village in Andreyevo-Bazarskoye Rural Settlement of Kozlovsky District in the Chuvash Republic

Aydarovo, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Iznoskovsky District of Kaluga Oblast

Aydarovo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Loknyansky District of Pskov Oblast

Aydarovo, Tyulyachinsky District, Republic of Tatarstan, a village in Tyulyachinsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan

Aydarovo, Zelenodolsky District, Republic of Tatarstan, a village in Zelenodolsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan

Aydarovo, Tula Oblast, a village in Bunyrevsky Rural Okrug of Aleksinsky District in Tula Oblast

Aydarovo, Voronezh Oblast, a selo in Aydarovskoye Rural Settlement of Ramonsky District in Voronezh Oblast

Aydarovo, Voronezh Oblast
Aydarovo (Russian: Айдарово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aydarovskoye Rural Settlement, Ramonsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 939 as of 2010. There are 27 streets.
Cyclamen graecum
Cyclamen graecum, the Greek cyclamen, is a perennial plant in the flowering plant family Primulaceae that grows from a tuber. It is native to southern Greece and Crete, and is prized for its variable leaf forms, which include some of the most striking of any cyclamen.

Primulaceae
The Primulaceae (/ˌprɪmjəˈleɪʃi.iː/ PRIM-yə-LAY-shee-ee), commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though some species, such as scarlet pimpernel, are annuals.

Previously one of three families in the order Primulales, it underwent considerable generic re-alignment once molecular phylogenetic methods were used for taxonomic classification. The order was then submerged in a much enlarged order Ericales and became a greatly enlarged Primulaceae sensu lato (s.l). In this new classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, each of the Primulales families was reduced to the rank of subfamily of Primulaceae s.l. The original Primulaceae (Primulaceae sensu stricto or s.s.) then became subfamily Primuloideae, and one genus (Maesa) was raised to the rank of a separate subfamily, making four in all.
Chafford Hundred railway station
Chafford Hundred railway station, also known as Chafford Hundred Lakeside station, is located on a single-track branch line of the London, Tilbury and Southend line, serving the area of Chafford Hundred as well as Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex. It is 20 miles 77 chains (33.7 km) down the line from London Fenchurch Street via Upminster; it is situated between Ockendon and Grays. Its three-letter station code is CFH.

The station has a single platform and was opened on 26 May 1995 by Fatima Whitbread for Railtrack. Today, all passenger train services are operated by c2c, which also manages the station. Although outside the London fare zones 1 to 6, the station became part of the Oyster card pay-as-you-go network in 2010. It is the busiest single-platform station in the UK.

C2c
c2c Railway Limited, trading as c2c, is a British state-owned train operating company, which runs services in East London and south Essex. It took over the operations from the Trenitalia-owned operator of the same name on 20 July 2025.
Attorney-General of Western Australia
The Attorney-General of Western Australia is the member of the Government of Western Australia responsible for maintenance and improvement of Western Australia's system of law and justice.  Before the advent of representative government in 1870, the title was Advocate-General of Western Australia.  The Attorney-General must be a qualified legal practitioner. When there are none in the cabinet, a lay person is sometimes appointed to the office of Minister for Justice.

The current Attorney-General of Western Australia, since 19 March 2025, is Tony Buti who administers the portfolio through the Department of Justice and a range of other agencies.

Justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the treatment of individuals fairly. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian, a 6th-century codification of Roman law, where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".

A society where justice has been achieved would be one in which individuals receive what they "deserve". The interpretation of what "deserve" means draws on a variety of fields and philosophical branches including ethics, rationality, law, religion, and fairness. The state may pursue justice by operating courts and enforcing their rulings.
Bergen landdistrikt
Bergen landdistrikt (lit. 'Bergen rural district') is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 5-square-kilometre (1.9 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1877. The area is now part of Bergen Municipality in the traditional district of Midhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was located in the city of Bergen, which was technically in a neighboring municipality. The municipality included the present-day neighborhoods of Møhlenpris, Nygård, Kalfaret, Sandviken, and Ytre Sandviken as well as the area around the mountains Fløyfjellet and Sandviksfjellet.

Sandviken
Sandviken is a locality and the seat of Sandviken Municipality in Gävleborg County, Sweden with 26,438 inhabitants in 2023. It is situated about 25 km west of Gävle and lies approximately 190 km north of Stockholm. The rail journey to Stockholm takes about 1.5 hours and to Arlanda, Sweden's main international airport, around an hour.

Sandviken is the home town of the major high-technology Swedish engineering concern Sandvik and the main office of the company was located in Sandviken until January 2012 when it was moved to Stockholm.
Stay-behind
A stay-behind operation is one where a country places secret operatives or organizations in its own territory, for use in case of a later enemy occupation. The stay-behind operatives would then form the basis of a resistance movement, and act as spies from behind enemy lines. Small-scale operations may cover discrete areas, but larger stay-behind operations envisage reacting to the conquest of whole countries.

Stay-behind also refers to a military tactic whereby specially trained soldiers let themselves be overrun by enemy forces in order to conduct intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance tasks often from pre-prepared hides.

Resistance movement
A resistance movement is an organized group of people that tries to resist or try to overthrow a government or an occupying power, causing disruption and unrest in civil order and stability. Such a movement may seek to achieve its goals through either the use of violent or nonviolent resistance (sometimes called civil resistance), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In multiple cases, as for example in the United States during the American Revolution, or in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country.
Grądzik, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Grądzik [ˈɡrɔnd͡ʑik] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Górowo Iławeckie, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Bartoszyce County
Bartoszyce County (Polish: powiat bartoszycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bartoszyce, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Górowo Iławeckie, 21 km (13 mi) west of Bartoszyce, Bisztynek, 22 km (14 mi) south of Bartoszyce, and Sępopol, 14 km (9 mi) east of Bartoszyce.

The county covers an area of 1,308.54 square kilometres (505.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 57,642, out of which the population of Bartoszyce is 23,482, that of Górowo Iławeckie is 3,951, that of Bisztynek is 2,370, that of Sępopol is 1,958, and the rural population is 25,881.
Scooby-Doo! & Batman: The Brave and the Bold
Scooby-Doo! & Batman: The Brave and the Bold is a 2018 American animated direct-to-video superhero action comedy film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment, and the thirtieth entry in the direct-to-video series of Scooby-Doo films. The film is a crossover between Scooby-Doo and Batman: The Brave and the Bold. The film involves Scooby-Doo and his friends teaming with Batman and other DC Comics superheroes in order to defeat a new villain. Most of the cast from the series reprised their roles (including Diedrich Bader as Batman), although a few roles were re-cast with other actors from different DC projects. The film premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre on January 6, 2018, and was released on DVD and digitally on January 9.

Superhero film
The superhero film is a film genre categorized by the presence of superhero characters, individuals with extraordinary abilities who are dedicated to fighting crime, saving the world, or helping the innocent. It is sometimes considered a sub-genre of the action film genre and has evolved into one of the most financially successful film genres worldwide. These films focus on superhuman abilities, advanced technology, mystical phenomena, or exceptional physical and mental skills that enable these heroes to fight for the common good or defeat a supervillain antagonist.

Superhero films typically include genre elements of romance, comedy, fantasy, and science fiction, with large instances of the superhero genre predominantly occupied and produced by American media franchises DC and Marvel, originally adaptations of their existing works of superhero comic books. Individual superhero films frequently contain a character's origin story.
Kizner (settlement)
Kizner (Russian: Кизне́р) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Kiznersky District in the Udmurt Republic, Russia. Population:  9,536 (2010 Census); 9,957 (2002 Census); 9,894 (1989 Soviet census).

It had urban-type settlement status until May 2007.

Udmurtia
Udmurtia, officially the Udmurt Republic, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) an autonomous region of the Udmurts, Udmurtia, within Russia on November 4, 1920.
Gelpi
Gelpi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Gelpi, professor of literature

Christopher Gelpi (born 1966), American historian

Germán Gelpi (1909–1982), Argentine artist and designer

Gustavo Gelpí (born 1965), United States Judge in Puerto Rico

Leandro Gelpi (born 1991), Uruguayan footballer

Ricardo Gelpi (born 1950), Argentine physician and professor

Rosita Rota Gelpi (born 1973), Italian retired mountain runner

Albert Gelpi
Albert Gelpi is the Coe Professor of American Literature Emeritus at Stanford University. He taught literature, particularly poetry, there between 1968 and 2002.

Gelpi also wrote a trilogy of literary criticism involving American poetry:

The Tenth Muse: The Psyche of the American Poet

A Coherent Splendor: The American Poetic Renaissance, 1910–1950

American Poetry after Modernism: The Power of the Word

Gelpi was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1977 for his work in American literature. He received the Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching at Stanford University in 1996.
His books are held in libraries worldwide.  
He earned degrees from Loyola University New Orleans (BA), Tulane University (MA), and Harvard University (PhD).
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 4000
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 4000, also known as Aeolus, is a preserved S-4a class 4-6-4 "Hudson" steam locomotive that was originally built by Baldwin in 1930 as S-4 locomotive No. 3002. It was primarily used to pull fast passenger trains before it was rebuilt by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad in 1937 to be re-classified as an S-4a with Streamlining, and it was renumbered 4000 in the process. The streamlining was removed during World War II, and the locomotive was later downgraded to secondary passenger and mail service. In 1956, No. 4000 pulled two excursion trains out of Chicago, Illinois before it was retired. The locomotive was donated to the city of La Crosse, Wisconsin in 1963, and it remains on static display in Copeland Park, as of 2026.

Copeland Park
Copeland Park, also referred to as "The Lumber Yard", is a stadium in La Crosse, Wisconsin, US. It is primarily used for baseball and is the home field of the La Crosse Loggers baseball team. The current stadium was built in 2003, although a substantially smaller baseball diamond existed at the site before the construction of the new ballpark. At the time of its construction, the stadium held approximately 2,000 people. However, the success of the Loggers prompted expansions to the grandstand, bringing the capacity to its current 3,550 people. The field dimensions are 325 ft. to left field, 365 ft. to center, and 315 ft. to right.
Ludwig Uettwiller
Octav Lucian ("Ludwig") Uettwiller (November 28, 1886 – June 25, 1949) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

In 1908, he finished 17th in the standing high jump competition. He also participated in the long jump event, in the freestyle javelin throw competition, in the discus throw event, and in the hammer throw event but in all four competitions his final ranking is unknown.

Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw was one of six throwing events on the Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme in London. The competition was held on July 14, 1908. 19 throwers from eight nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by American John Flanagan, his third consecutive victory in the event. He was the first man to win three medals in the hammer throw and, as of the 2016 Games, the only one to win three gold medals in the event. The silver medal went to fellow American Matt McGrath. Con Walsh of Canada took bronze and became the first athlete not from the United States to win a medal in the event, as the Americans had swept the podium in both 1900 and 1904. The three medalists were all part of the Irish Whales.
Hugh Montgomery (physician)
Hugh Edward Montgomery OBE (born 20 October 1962) is an English professor of medicine and the director of the Centre for Human Health and Performance at University College London. He discovered that an allele of the gene with the DNA code for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) influences physical fitness; this was the first discovery of a gene related to fitness.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1), or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Therefore, ACE indirectly increases blood pressure by causing blood vessels to constrict. ACE inhibitors are widely used as pharmaceutical drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Other lesser known functions of ACE are degradation of bradykinin, substance P and amyloid beta-protein.
Lacistema lucidum
Lacistema lucidum is a species of flowering plant in the family Lacistemataceae. It is a small tree or shrub that is endemic to Brazil, where it is known from five states including Pará and São Paulo. It occurs in Atlantic rain forest habitat, and is an uncommon species.

The original taxonomic treatment of L. lucidum is found in Flora Brasiliensis (4(1): 282, pl. 79, 81, f. 5. 1857), a mid-nineteenth to early twentieth century flora of Brazilian angiosperms. This species is not easily distinguished from Lacistema pubescens and Lacistema serrulatum, and some authorities consider L. pubescens to be the same species as L. lucidum.

Flora Brasiliensis
Flora Brasiliensis is a book published between 1840 and 1906 by the editors Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, August Wilhelm Eichler, Ignatz Urban and many others. It contains taxonomic treatments of 22,767 species, mostly Brazilian angiosperms.

The work was begun by Stephan Endlicher and Martius.
Von Martius completed 46 of the 130 fascicles before his death in 1868, with the monograph being completed in 1906.

It was published by the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Earl Bostic
Eugene Earl Bostic (April 25, 1913 – October 28, 1965) was an American alto saxophonist. Bostic's recording career was diverse, his musical output encompassing jazz, swing, jump blues and the post-war American rhythm and blues style, which he pioneered. He had a number of popular hits such as "Flamingo", "Harlem Nocturne", "Temptation", "Sleep", "Special Delivery Stomp", and "Where or When", which all showed off his characteristic growl on the horn. He was a major influence on John Coltrane.

Swing music
Swing music is a style of jazz that developed in the United States during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It became nationally popular from the mid-1930s. Swing represents the most famous era of jazz as a genre of entertainment, before the emergence of modern jazz. Swing bands usually featured soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement. The danceable swing style of big bands and bandleaders such as Fletcher Henderson and Benny Goodman was the dominant form of American popular music from 1935 to 1946, known as the swing era, when people were dancing the Lindy Hop. The verb "to swing" is also used as a term of praise for playing that has a strong groove or drive. Big band leaders of the swing era include Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Jimmie Lunceford, Cab Calloway, Benny Carter, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Earl Hines, Bunny Berigan, Harry James, Lionel Hampton, Glenn Miller, and Artie Shaw.
Oreoglanis tenuicauda
Oreoglanis tenuicauda is a species of catfish in the family Sisoridae, only known from the type locality in the upper reaches of the Nan River drainage, itself a tributary of the Chao Phraya River in northern Thailand, which was discovered by Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng and H.H. Ng in 2009.

Sisoridae
Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species.