hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Horizontalism
Horizontalism is an approach to money creation theory pioneered by Basil Moore which states that private bank reserves are not managed by central banks. Instead reserves will be provided on demand at the bank rate set by the central bank. This inverts the mainstream textbook money multiplier relationship between deposits and loans since loans are said to cause deposits which in turn cause reserves.

Horizontalism influenced monetary circuit theorists to develop the endogenous money approach that was already nascent within post-Keynesian academic thought. It states that an increasing demand for loans by bank customers leads to banks making more loans and creating more deposits, without regard to the size of the bank's available reserves. Thus credit money created by private banks can be seen to be leveraging of those reserves without the guidance of a particular leverage ratio, i.e. horizontal leveraging.

Bank rate
Bank rate, also known as discount rate in American English, and (familiarly) the base rate in European English, is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on its loans and advances to a commercial bank. The bank rate is known by a number of different terms depending on the country, and has changed over time in some countries as the mechanisms used to manage the rate have changed.

Whenever a bank has a shortage of funds, they can typically borrow from the central bank based on the monetary policy of the country. The borrowing is commonly done via repos: the repo rate is the rate at which the central bank lends short-term money to the banks against securities. It is more applicable when there is a liquidity crunch in the market. In contrast, the reverse repo rate is the rate at which banks can park surplus funds with the reserve bank, which is mostly done when there is surplus liquidity.
Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures (video game)
Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures, also known in Japan as Pac-World is a 3D platform video game based on the TV series of the same name which aired on Disney XD from 2013 to 2015. It was released for the Xbox 360, Windows, PlayStation 3, and Wii U in October 2013, and was later released for the Nintendo 3DS in November of that year. The console and PC versions were developed by Monkey Bar Games and the 3DS version was developed by Inti Creates. Both versions were published by Namco Bandai Games.

On March 1, 2014, Bandai Namco announced a sequel called Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures 2.

The game, along with Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures 2 and Pac-Man Museum were delisted from retailers in July 2020.

Monkey Bar Games
Monkey Bar Games was an American division of the defunct video game developer Vicious Cycle Software, based in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. They produced children's video games on most gaming platforms based on animated movies and TV shows at the time.
Robert Breaden
Christianity portal

The Rev Canon  Robert William Breaden  was Dean of Brechin from 1984 until 2007.

He was born on 7 November 1937, educated at The King's Hospital and ordained in 1962. He was a Curate at Broughty Ferry and then Rector of the Church of the Holy Rood, Carnoustie from 1965 to 1972. That year he returned to Broughty Ferry and also became a Canon of St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee.

He died on 3 July 2025.

Records relating to his incumbency at St Mary's are held by Archive Services at the University of Dundee, as part of the archives of the Brechin Diocese.

The King's Hospital
The Hospital and Free School of King Charles II, Oxmantown, also called The King's Hospital (KH; Irish: Scoil Ospidéal an Rí) is a Church of Ireland co-educational independent day and boarding school situated in Palmerstown, County Dublin, Ireland. It is on an 80-acre campus beside the River Liffey, called Brooklawn, named after the country houses situated on the site and in which the headmaster and his family reside. The school is also a member of the HMC Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the BSA.

Founded in 1669, it is one of the oldest schools in Ireland and was also known as the Blue Coat School. Although priority is given to those of the main Protestant denominations, as a Christian school, it is attended by students of other Christian denominations and other faiths. The school's colours are navy and gold. The school crest is three burning castles with the date "1669", almost identical to the crest for Dublin city. The current headmaster is Mark Wallace.
Mulur
Muloor is a census town in kaup taluk of Udupi District the Indian state of Karnataka.  Muloor name came From the word 'Mula' it means 'origin' it is the village of origin (Mula+ooru) of Sri Bobbarya Daiva (worshiping God or Daiva of Tulu Nadu).

Kapu, Udupi
Kapu (Kaup) is a town situated in the Udupi district of Karnataka, India. It lies between the twin cities of Udupi and Mangalore, next to the National Highway 66. The villages Manchakal and Shirva are located near Kapu. It is 13 km south of Udupi and 40 km north of Mangalore. It is known for its lighthouse, the three  Mariamman shrines, and the Kapu fort built by Tippu Sultan. Kapu was declared a taluk of the Udupi district by the Government of Karnataka.
Connemara marble
Connemara marble or "Irish green" is a rare variety of green marble from Connemara, Ireland. It is used as a decoration and building material. Its colour causes it to often be associated with the Irish identity, and for this reason it has been named the national gemstone of Ireland. It strongly resembles the verd antique, a green serpentinite breccia found in the Mediterranean. It is named after the region in which it is found (including Lissoughter in Recess, County Galway, and in Clifden). The marble was deposited as a limestone mud during the neoproterozoic.

Clifden
Clifden (Irish: An Clochán, meaning 'stepping stones') is a coastal town in County Galway, Ireland, in the region of Connemara, located on the Owenglin River where it flows into Clifden Bay. As the largest town in the region, it is often referred to as "the Capital of Connemara". Frequented by tourists, Clifden is linked to Galway city by the N59.
Carlops
Carlops (Scottish Gaelic: Leum na Caillich) is a small village in the Pentland Hills, within the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, close to the boundary with Midlothian. It lies between West Linton and Penicuik.

The village was founded in 1784 and developed cotton weaving, coalmining and limestone mining.

The name derives from the Scots "Carlins Lowp" (English: "Witches' Leap"), since near the south of the village there are two exposed rock faces about 20 m (66 ft) high facing each other, with a similar distance between them. Folklore maintained that witches would leap from one face to the other, over the chasm, for entertainment of an evening.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Leon Serafim
Leon Angelo Serafim (born May 23, 1945) is a retired American academic. He is a Japanologist, historical linguist, and professor emeritus of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

Serafim is credited with coining the term "Japonic languages", now widely accepted among linguists, to identify the language family of which Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages are members.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Katori District
Katori District (香取郡, Katori-gun) is a district located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The district dates back to the Taika Reform in the 7th century, and Katori District remained part of Shimōsa Province until the establishment of Chiba Prefecture. Historically Katori District occupied the area south of the lower researches of the Tone River.

Since there is no population data since 2003, the post-Katori-Narita district had an estimated population of 40,260. The total area was 138.69 kilometres (86.18 mi).

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
The Obelisk, Studley Royal
The Obelisk is a historic structure at Studley Royal, a World Heritage Site in North Yorkshire, in England.

In 1742, William Aislabie had a tall stepped pyramid erected as a memorial to his father, John Aislabie.  It lay at the end of a long straight driveway, leading from Ripon.  Perhaps in 1805, a timber obelisk was erected nearby, to commemorate British victory in the Battle of Waterloo.  This soon fell into decay, and some time after 1812, both the pyramid and obelisk were replaced by a stone obelisk.

The obelisk is in stone and is about 15 metres (49 ft) high. It is diagonally set on a base and a corniced pedestal about 3 metres (9.8 ft) high.  It has been grade II listed since 1967, and is also a scheduled monument.

John Aislabie
John Aislabie (or Aslabie; /ˈeɪzləbi/; 4 December 1670 – 18 June 1742), of Studley Royal, near Ripon, Yorkshire, was a British politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1695 to 1721. He was of an independent mind, and did not stick regularly to the main parties. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer at the time of the South Sea Bubble and his involvement with the Company led to his resignation and disgrace.
Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe
The Royal Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe (Spanish: Real Monasterio de Santa María de Guadalupe) is a Roman Catholic monastic establishment built during the 14th century located in Guadalupe, in Extremadura, Spain. It is located at the foot of the eastern side of the Sierra de las Villuercas and was one of the finest and most important monasteries in the country for more than four centuries. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1993.

Sierra de Villuercas
Sierra de Villuercas or Sierra de las Villuercas, also known as Sierra de Guadalupe after nearby Guadalupe town, is a mountain range in the greater Montes de Toledo range, Spain. It is located in province of Cáceres, autonomous community of Extremadura.

Rivers Almonte and Ibor, tributaries of the Tagus, and the Ruecas and Guadalupe River, tributaries of the Guadiana, have their sources in this range.
Roger Cousins
Roger Cousins, OBE, served as acting Governor of Anguilla from January 27, 2000 to February 4, 2000, between the tenures of Robert Harris and Peter Johnstone. He has also served as Her Majesty's Treasury Overseas Allowances Inspector, as well as the Chief Secretary to the Turks and Caicos Islands and Deputy Governor of Anguilla.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Ahmad Ali (Sindh politician)
Ahmad Ali is a Pakistani politician who served as a Senator from March 2006 to March 2012. He is a member of the Mutahidda Qaumi Movement (MQM) and represented the province of Sindh in the Senate of Pakistan.

Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan
Muttahida Qaumi Movement (Pakistan) (MQM-P) is a Pakistani political party with a liberal political position and a Muhajir nationalist ideology. The leader of the party is Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui. The party's symbol is the kite. It is mostly active in Karachi where the majority of Muhajirs currently reside. The party aims to represent the human rights of Muhajirs in Pakistan through peaceful and democratic struggle. The Party is a splinter faction of MQM-L.
Kembla Grange derailment
The Kembla Grange derailment occurred early on the morning of 20 October 2021 near Kembla Grange railway station, New South Wales, Australia, when a passenger train collided with an abandoned van and derailed.

Between approximately 3:26 and 4:05 am (AEDT), Allan Simpson drove a Nissan van along the train tracks 50–68 metres south-west of the level crossing at West Dapto Road, adjacent to Kembla Grange railway station.: p 1  When it became stuck on the rails, Simpson exited the vehicle and sought assistance from passers-by to push it off the tracks.: para [15]

A northbound NSW TrainLink Tangara train, set T42, bound for Bondi Junction approached the site at 4:09 am.

Bondi Junction railway station
Bondi Junction railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Eastern Suburbs line, serving the Sydney suburb of Bondi Junction. It is served by Sydney Trains T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line services and intercity South Coast Line services.
Ibrahim Han Mosque
The Ibrahim Han Mosque (Greek: Τζαμί του Ιμπραήμ Χαν, from Turkish: İbrahim Han Camii), also known as the Sultan Ibrahim Mosque (Greek: Τζαμί του Σουλτάνου Ιμπραήμ), is a former mosque in the town of Rethymno, on the island of Crete, in southern Greece. Situated inside the old fortezza of Rethymno, the structure was originally built in the c. 1580s by the Venetians as a church. The church was converted to a mosque following the island's conquest at the hands of the Ottomans. The mosque was abandoned in 1971, and subsequently repurposed as an exhibition center.

Fortezza of Rethymno
The Fortezza (Greek: Φορτέτζα, romanized: Fortétza; from Italian for 'fortress') is the citadel of the city of Rethymno in Crete, Greece. It was built by the Venetians in the 16th century, and was captured by the Ottomans in 1646. By the early 20th century, many houses were built within the citadel. These were demolished after World War II, leaving only a few historic buildings within the Fortezza. Today, the citadel is in good condition and is open to the public.
Oxalic acid
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and chemical formula HO−C(=O)−C(=O)−OH, also written as (COOH)2 or (CO2H)2 or H2C2O4. It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name is derived from early investigators who isolated oxalic acid from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels. It occurs naturally in many foods.  It can be toxic when eaten in significant quantities, and contact with concentrated forms can cause chemical burns.

Oxalic acid is a much stronger acid than acetic acid. It is a reducing agent and its conjugate bases hydrogenoxalate (HC2O−4) and oxalate (C2O2−4) are chelating agents for metal cations. It is used as a cleaning agent, especially for the removal of rust, because it forms a water-soluble ferric iron complex, the ferrioxalate ion. Oxalic acid typically occurs as the dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4·2H2O.

Ferrioxalate
Ferrioxalate or trisoxalatoferrate(III) is a trivalent anion with formula [Fe(C2O4)3]3−.  It is a transition metal complex consisting of an iron atom in the +3 oxidation state and three bidentate oxalate ions C2O2−4 anions acting as ligands.

The ferrioxalate anion gives a lime green color to salts, and in solution it is fluorescent.  The anion is sensitive to light and higher-energy electromagnetic radiation, which causes the decomposition of one oxalate to carbon dioxide (CO2) and reduction of the iron(III) atom to iron(II).  This property is exploited for actinometry.

The most common and most-studied salt is potassium ferrioxalate, but the sodium, ammonium, and lithium salts have also received some attention.
Adel Dahdal
Adel Dahdal is a record producer and mix engineer based in Stockholm, Sweden. His credits include work with artists such as Neiked, Sandro Cavazza, Zara Larsson, Miriam Bryant, The Sounds, UNDRESSD, Liamoo, Rikard Wolff, Rudimental (Neiked Remix), Ace Wilder, Martin Stenmarck, Krezip, Titiyo and Anton Hagman among others.

Liamoo
Liam Cacatian Thomassen (born 10 September 1997), known professionally as Liamoo (Swedish pronunciation: [lɪˈɑ̌ːmʊ]), is a Swedish singer. In 2016, he won the twelfth season of Swedish Idol series and released his winner's single "Playing with Fire".
Shun Yashiro
Shun Yashiro (八代駿, Yashiro Shun; born Motohiro Suzuki (鈴木 基弘, Suzuki Motohiro) (February 19, 1933 – June 25, 2003) was a Japanese actor and voice actor from Tsuyama, Okayama. At the time of his death, he was affiliated with Theater Echo. Throughout his career, Yasario was also known as Tetsuya Yashiro (矢代 哲也, Yashiro Tetsuya), Kazuo Yashiro (矢代 和雄, Yashiro Kazuo), and Shun Yashiro (矢代 駿, Yashiro Shun).

Yashiro was best known for his roles in Inakappe Taishō (as Nishihajime), Secret Squirrel (as Morocco Mole), the TBS version of Tom and Jerry (as Tom Cat), the 1973 Doraemon anime (as Suneo Honekawa), and Disney productions (as Winnie-the-Pooh). He also had many roles with Disney and Pixar.

Tom Cat
Thomas Jasper Cat Sr., known simply as Tom, is an American cartoon character and one of the two titular main protagonists (the other being Jerry Mouse) in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's series of Tom and Jerry theatrical animated short films. Created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, he is a grey-blue and white anthropomorphic (but usually silent) domestic short haired tuxedo British cat who first appeared in the 1940 MGM animated short Puss Gets the Boot. The cat was initially known as "Jasper" during his debut in the short; however, beginning with his next appearance in The Midnight Snack he was known as "Tom" or "Thomas".
Jim Jontz
James Prather Jontz (December 18, 1951 – April 14, 2007) was an American politician who represented the Indiana's 5th congressional district, comprising rural north central Indiana, centering on Kokomo and Logansport. A Democrat, he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993. He was previously a member of the Indiana General Assembly. To date, he was the last Democrat to represent his district in Congress.

Indiana's 5th congressional district
Indiana's 5th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Indiana comprising Hamilton, Madison, Delaware, Grant, and Tipton counties, as well as the large majority of Howard County. Much of its population is located in the northern suburbs of Indianapolis, including the cities of Carmel, Noblesville, and Fishers, while other population centers include Muncie, Kokomo, Anderson, and Marion. The district is predominantly white and is the wealthiest congressional district in Indiana, as measured by median income.

The district is currently represented by Republican Victoria Spartz.
Roman Lyabikhov
Roman Mikhailovich Lyabikhov (Russian: Роман Михайлович Лябихов; born 7 May 1973, Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 7th and 8th State Duma.

From 1995 to 2013, Lyabikhov served as a director of several industrial enterprises in Severodvinsk, including Arnika LLC, Arsenal NPF, Plant of Chemical Reagents LLC NPO. From 2013 to 2017, he was the general director of Management Company Leader Group. He ran for the State Duma in 2016, but did not receive a mandate. On 9 October 2020, Deputy Alexander Nekrasov was appointed to the Federation Council, resigning his Duma mandate on 14 October 2020. Lyabikhov replaced him in the State Duma on 5 November 2020. Since September 2021, he has served as a deputy of the 8th State Duma.

Severodvinsk
Severodvinsk (Russian: Северодви́нск; IPA: [sʲɪvʲɪrɐdˈvʲinsk]) is a city in the north of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located in the delta of the Northern Dvina, 35 kilometers (22 mi) west of Arkhangelsk, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the 2021 Census, the population was 157,213. Due to the presence of important military shipyards (specialising in submarines since the Soviet period), Severodvinsk is an access-restricted town for foreign citizens. A special permit is required.

It was previously known as Sudostroy (until 1938), and Molotovsk (until 1957).
Super Robot Wars Original Generation: The Inspector
Super Robot Wars Original Generation: The Inspector (スーパーロボット大戦OG ジ・インスペクター, Sūpā Robotto Taisen Ōjī Jī Insupektā) is a Japanese anime series, that retells the events from the Super Robot Taisen: Original Generation 2 game, a game featuring only original characters and mechs created by Banpresto for the Super Robot Wars franchise. It was produced by Asahi Production and started broadcasting in several Japanese TV stations on October 1, 2010. The anime also received a simulcast release on the English anime streaming website, Crunchyroll.

Akira Ishida
Akira Ishida (石田 彰, Ishida Akira; born November 2, 1967) is a Japanese actor who specializes in voice acting.

For his portrayal of Setsuna Aoki in Sakura Wars, and Athrun Zala in Mobile Suit Gundam SEED, Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny and Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Freedom and Masahiro Sanada in Tenjō Tenge, he was chosen as the most popular voice actor in the Animage Anime Grand Prix in 2004, and won the Best Supporting Character (male) award at the 1st Seiyu Awards in 2007. He is best known for his roles as Akaza in Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, Gaara in Naruto, Zeref in Fairy Tail, Cho Hakkai in Saiyuki, Kaworu Nagisa in Neon Genesis Evangelion, Kuja in Final Fantasy, Otto Apocalypse in Honkai Impact 3rd, Luocha in Honkai: Star Rail, Kamisato Ayato in Genshin Impact, Katsura Kotarou in Gin Tama & Eishi Tsukasa in Food Wars Shokugeki no Sōma.
Maud High School
Maud High School is a public high school located in the city of Maud, Texas and classified as a 2A school by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). It is a part of the Maud Independent School District located in south central Bowie County. During 2022‍–‍2023, Maud School had an enrollment of 476 students and a student to teacher ratio of 11.49. The school received an overall rating of "A" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024‍–‍2025 school year

Maud Independent School District
Maud Independent School District is a small school district located in Maud, Texas (USA)  At the beginning of the 2005–2006 school year it had an enrollment of 471 students in grades pre-kindergarten through twelve.  On October 7, 2005, the district celebrated its 100-year anniversary. There are 72 employees.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.