hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilhelm Kettler
Wilhelm Kettler (20 June 1574 – 7 April 1640) was the Duke of Courland, a Baltic German region in today's Latvia. He ruled the western Courland portion of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, while his brother Friedrich ruled the eastern Semigallia portion.

Semigallia
Semigallia is one of the Historical Latvian Lands located to the south of the Daugava and to the north of the Saule region of Samogitia. The territory is split between Latvia and Lithuania, previously inhabited by the Semigallian Baltic tribe. They are noted for their long resistance (1219–1290) against the German crusaders and Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades. Semigallians had close linguistic and cultural ties with Samogitians.
Crime in Harlem
Greater Harlem, in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan, has historically had high poverty and crime rates. Crime in Harlem is primarily related to illicit activities such as theft, robbery, drug trafficking and prostitution. Criminal organizations such as street gangs are responsible for a significant portion of crime, particularly violent crime. The leading cause of death among young black males in Harlem is homicide. According to a survey published in 2013 by Union Settlement Association, residents of East Harlem perceive crime as their biggest single concern. Greater Harlem has one of the highest violent crime rates in New York City despite significant declines from historic highs.

Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.

Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
2011–12 Highland Football League
The 2011–12 Highland Football League began on 30 July 2011 and ended on 16 May 2012.

The top two clubs at the end of the season, will receive direct entry to the second round of the 2012–13 Scottish Cup. The highest placed two clubs who have obtained an SFA club licence will qualify to enter the 2012–13 Scottish Challenge Cup.

The league was won by Forres Mechanics. It was their first title win since the 1985–86 season. Fort William finished bottom.

2012–13 Scottish Cup
The 2012–13 Scottish Cup was the 128th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament began on 4 August 2012 and ended on 26 May 2013. It was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in the second season of a three-year partnership and is known as the William Hill Scottish Cup. The winner of the competition qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League. The holders Hearts were knocked out by their Edinburgh rivals Hibernian in the fourth round, in a repeat of the previous season's final.
1982 Volvo Women's Cup
The 1982 Volvo Women's Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ramapo College in Mahwah, New Jersey in the United States, It was part of the Toyota International Series circuit of the 1982 WTA Tour and classified as a Category 3 event. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from August 23 through August 29, 1982. Unseeded Leigh-Anne Thompson won the singles title and earned $18,000 first-prize money.

Ramapo College
Ramapo College of New Jersey (RCNJ) is a public liberal arts college in Mahwah, New Jersey. It is part of New Jersey's public system of higher education. As of the fall 2021 semester, there were a total of 5,732 students enrolled at the college, including 576 graduate students and 11 doctorate students. The school has a "somewhat selective" acceptance rate.
Mali–Poland relations
Poland recognized Mali in 1960, shortly after the Malian declaration of independence, and afterwards the countries established bilateral relations. They signed a cultural cooperation agreement in 1961.

In 1999, Malian President Alpha Oumar Konaré paid an official visit to Poland.

Alpha Oumar Konaré
Alpha Oumar Konaré (born 2 February 1946) is a Malian politician, professor, historian and archaeologist, who served as President of Mali for two five-year terms from 1992 to 2002 and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008.
Transvemij–Van Schilt
Transvemij–Van Schilt, also known as Elro Snacks, was a Dutch professional cycling team that competed from 1980 to 1987.

The Elro Snacks company sponsored the team from 1980 to 1985. In 1985 Belgian sprinter Freddy Maertens rode for the team then known as Nikon-Van Schilt-Elro Snacks-Colnago. The team competed in one Grand Tour: the 1987 Giro d'Italia. The team was succeeded by TVM–Van Schilt, which formed the following year after it folded.

Freddy Maertens
Freddy Maertens (born 13 February 1952) is a Belgian former professional racing cyclist who was twice world road race champion. Maertens' career swung between winning more than 50 races in a season to winning almost none and then back again. His life has been marked by debt and alcoholism. It took him more than two decades to pay a tax debt. At one point early in his career, between the 1976 Tour and 1977 Giro, Maertens won 28 out of 60 Grand Tour stages that he entered before abandoning the Giro due to injury on stage 8b. He achieved eight Tour stage wins, thirteen Vuelta stage wins and seven Giro stage wins in less than one calendar year.
The Bridge (Billy Joel album)
The Bridge is the tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Billy Joel, released on July 25, 1986. It was Joel's last studio album produced by Phil Ramone as well as the last to feature Joel's long-time bassist Doug Stegmeyer and rhythm guitarist Russell Javors. The album yielded several successful singles, including "A Matter of Trust" (peaking at No. 10), "Modern Woman" (which also appeared on the Ruthless People soundtrack, peaking at No. 10), and "This Is the Time" (peaking at No. 18).

Phil Ramone
Philip Rabinowitz (January 5, 1934 – March 30, 2013), better known as Phil Ramone, was a South African-born American recording engineer, record producer, violinist and composer, and co-founder of A & R recording studio. Its success led to expansion into several studios and a record production company. He was described by Billboard as "legendary", and the BBC as a "CD pioneer".
Alkali Ike
Alkali Ike is a series of short comedy films released during the silent film era by Essanay Studios and later by Universal Pictures. Gilbert M. Anderson was involved with producing them and directed several. Augustus Carney portrayed Alkali Ike, and Harry Todd co-starred in the film series as the character Mustang Pete. Margaret Joslin and Lily Branscombe also appeared in many installments of the series.

The Library of Philadelphia has an advertisement for the "Alkali" Ike's Auto episode.

Essanay Studios
Essanay Studios, officially the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, was an early American motion picture studio. The studio was founded in 1907 in Chicago by George Kirke Spoor and Gilbert M. Anderson, originally as the Peerless Film Manufacturing Company, then as Essanay (formed by the founders' initials: S and A) on August 10, 1907. Essanay is probably best known today for its series of Charlie Chaplin comedies produced in 1915–1916. In late 1916, it merged distribution with other studios and stopped issuing films in the fall of 1918. According to film historian Steve Massa, Essanay is one of the important early studios, with comedies as a particular strength. Founders Spoor and Anderson were subsequently awarded special Academy Awards for pioneering contributions to film.
MGR Nagaril
MGR Nagaril (transl. In MGR Nagar) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by Alleppey Ashraf, starring Anand Babu and Sukanya, with Vivek, Charle, Supergood Kannan, Pandiyan, Shankar, Napoleon, S. S. Chandran and Sumithra in supporting roles. It is a remake of the 1990 Malayalam film In Harihar Nagar. The film was released on 12 September 1991.

S. S. Chandran
S. S. Chandran (1940/1941 – 8 October 2010) was an Indian comedian, actor, film producer and politician from Tamil Nadu. He belonged to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party and was a member of the parliament representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament.
Awapuni, Palmerston North
Awapuni is a suburb of Palmerston North, Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand. It is located south west of Palmerston North Central. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "blocked-up river" for Awapuni. A memorial to the New Zealand Army Medical Corps is located at the Awapuni Racecourse.

Te Hotu Manawa Marae and its Tūturu Pumau meeting house are located in Awapuni. It is a tribal meeting ground for the Rangitāne hapū of Ngāti Kapuārangi, Ngāti Rangiaranaki, Ngāti Rangitepaia, Ngāti Hineaute and Ngāti Tauira.

Hapū
In Māori and New Zealand English, a hapū ("subtribe", or "clan") functions as "the basic political unit within Māori society".  A Māori person can belong to or have links to many hapū. Historically, each hapū had its own chief and normally operated independently of its iwi (tribe).
Khub Ram
Khub Ram is an Indian politician. He was member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Ram was a member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Anni constituency in Kullu district. Later, he joined Indian National Congress ahead of 2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.

Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The seat of the Assembly is at Shimla, the capital of the state. There are 68 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved.
Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten
Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten (German: 'The Steel Helmet, League of Front-Line Soldiers'), commonly known as Der Stahlhelm ('The Steel Helmet'), was a revanchist ex-serviceman's association formed in Germany after the First World War. While claiming inspiration from Italian fascism, and excluding Jewish veterans, as supporters of a Hohenzollern restoration members distinguished themselves from Hitler's National Socialists under whom their clubs were eventually suppressed. After the Second World War, a Stahlhelm network was re-established in West Germany. Following a history of supporting fringe nationalist parties, the last functioning local association dissolved itself in 2000.

Jork
Jork (German pronunciation: [jɔʁk]) is a municipality in the district of Stade, in Lower Saxony, in northern Germany, situated on the left bank of the Elbe, near Hamburg.

The town is the capital of the Altes Land, one of the biggest fruit growing areas in Europe, and is home to Jork Fruit Research Station.
St Mary's Church, West Buckland
The Anglican Church of St Mary in West Buckland, Somerset, England has 13th-century origins and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

The church was built, on the site of an earlier Norman structure, between 1275 and 1300. It consists of a two-bay aisled nave, chancel and north and south chapels. It has a hammerbeam roof. The crenelated three-stage tower was built around 1509. It is supported by diagonal buttresses. It includes six bells, the oldest of which is from 1606. They were cast by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry. In 1838 a gallery was built for the choir and organ, but this was removed in 1891.

The interior includes a Purbeck marble font from 1140.

The parish is part of the Wellington and District benefice within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.

Hammerbeam roof
A hammerbeam roof is a decorative, open timber roof truss typical of English Gothic architecture and has been called "the most spectacular endeavour of the English Medieval carpenter". They are traditionally timber framed, using short beams projecting from the wall on which the rafters land, essentially a tie beam which has the middle cut out. These short beams are called hammer-beams and give this truss its name. A hammerbeam roof can have a single, double or false hammerbeam truss.
Samu Manchón
Samuel González Martínez (born 17 February 1997), known as Samu Manchón, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Segunda Federación club Gimnástica Segoviana. Mainly an attacking midfielder, he can also play as a winger or a right back.

Segunda Federación
Segunda Federación, previously called Segunda RFEF, also officially known as Segunda B, is the fourth tier of the Spanish football league system containing 90 teams divided into five groups. It is administered by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. It is the second tier outside the top two professional leagues, the Primera División (also known as La Liga) and Segunda División (also known as La Liga 2), being behind Primera Federación and above Tercera Federación. The division also includes the reserve teams of a number of La Liga and La Liga 2 teams.
Cleurie (river)
The Cleurie or rupt de Cleurie is a river in Lorraine in France, which flows in the Vosges department. It is a right tributary of the Moselotte, and thus a sub-tributary of the Rhine, via the Moselotte and the Moselle. It is 18.9 km (11.7 mi) long.

Vosges (department)
Vosges (French pronunciation: [voʒ] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, Northeastern France. It covers part of the Vosges mountain range, after which it is named. Vosges consists of three arrondissements, 17 cantons and 507 communes, including Domrémy-la-Pucelle, where Joan of Arc was born. In 2019, it had a population of 364,499 with an area of 5,874 km2 (2,268 sq mi); its prefecture is Épinal.
Tashan Weir
Tashan Weir (Chinese: 它山堰; pinyin: Tuōshān yàn) also called Tuoshan Weir or Tuoshanyan is an ancient dam that was erected under Emperor Tang Wenzong during the Tang dynasty in 833. The dam is located in Tashanyan Village, Yinjiang Town, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. Originally designed under the supervision of Wang Yuanwei, then magistrate of Yin County, the dam was constructed to prevent tidal sea water from accessing the banks of the Fenghua River and to store water during periods of severe drought. The dam later became part of a large-scale irrigation system serving Ningbo City. This infrastructure is particularly notable because it is recognized as a historical site protected by the state.

Zhengguo Canal
The Zhengguo Canal, Zhengguoqu or Chengkuo Canal (simplified Chinese: 郑国渠; traditional Chinese: 鄭國渠; pinyin: Zhèng Guó Qú), named after its designer, Zheng Guo, is a large canal located in Shaanxi province, China. The canal irrigates the Guanzhong plain, north of Xi'an. Together with the Dujiangyan Irrigation System and Lingqu Canal, it is one of the three biggest water conservation projects built before the end of the Qin dynasty in ancient China. The canal connects the Jing river and Luo river, northern tributaries of the Wei River.
Italian Army in Russia order of battle
The Italian Army in Russia (ARMIR) was a field army of the Royal Italian Army in World War II, which was deployed to the Soviet Union in July 1942. Upon arrival on the Eastern Front the army consisted of the following units:

Cannone da 65/17 modello 13
The cannone da 65/17 modello 13 was an artillery piece developed by Italy for use with its mountain and infantry units. The designation means 65 mm calibre gun, barrel length 17 calibres, which entered service in 1913. The designation is often shortened to cannone da 65/17.
Henk Staghouwer
Henk Staghouwer (born 14 February 1962) is a Dutch administrator and Christian Union politician. He served as Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality in the fourth Rutte cabinet from 10 January to 5 September 2022. From 24 April 2013 to 10 January 2022 he was a member of the provincial executive of Groningen.

Provincial executive
The provincial executive (Dutch: Gedeputeerde Staten, GS) is the executive branch of government of a province in the Netherlands. It is the equivalent of the municipal executive at the provincial level. The provincial executive consists of the King's Commissioner (chair) and three to seven deputies (Dutch: gedeputeerden).

The deputies are chosen by the provincial council, the elected assembly of the province. Each deputy has their own portfolio for which they prepare, coordinate and plan policy and legislation for the provincial council and execute legislation. The deputies have the duty to inform the provincial council on all aspects of their policy. The provincial executive functions as a collegial body and most decisions are taken by consensus.
Aulocera
Aulocera is a genus in the subfamily Satyrinae (or brown butterflies) of the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae. Commonly referred to as banded satyrs, species of the genus Aulocera are endemic to the Himalayas and associated mountain ranges.

Bombay Natural History Society
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research. It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Many prominent naturalists, including the ornithologists Sálim Ali and S. Dillon Ripley, have been associated with it.
Chinese stripe-necked turtle
The Chinese stripe-necked turtle (Mauremys sinensis) or golden thread turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. They are widely distributed in the subtropical regions of Taiwan.

Like many other Geoemydidae, this species hybridizes vigorously with related and not-so-closely related members of its family.

It is one of the two most commonly found species used for divination - the other being Mauremys mutica - that have been recovered from Shang dynasty sites, despite the Shang capital being over 1000 km north of its modern-day distribution range.

Geoemydidae
The Geoemydidae (formerly known as Bataguridae) are one of the largest and most diverse families in the order Testudines (turtles), with about 70 species. The family includes the Eurasian pond and river turtles and Neotropical wood turtles.
Sione Tuipulotu (rugby union, born December 1997)
Sione Tuipulotu (born 2 December 1997) is a Tongan rugby union player, who currently plays as a lock or loose forward for AZ-COM Maruwa MOMOTARO’S in Japan's regional Top East League Group A competition.

He previously played for Moana Pasifika in Super Rugby.

Tuipulotu also played in New Zealand's domestic National Provincial Championship competition for Manawatu (2019), Auckland (2020, 2021, 2023) and Hawke's Bay (2022).

Tuipulotu played for both Samoa and Tonga's Under 20 sides, while also being called up to the New Zealand Under 20 training squad.

On 27 May 2022, Tuipulotu was named in the Tongan national team for the 2022 Pacific Nations Cup and the Asia/Pacific qualification match for the 2023 Rugby World Cup. He made his international test debut for Tonga on 2 July 2022 against Fiji.

Samoa national under-20 rugby union team
The Samoa under-20 rugby union team is Samoa's junior national team. They represent Samoa at the IRB Junior World Championship. After the 2010 Junior World Championship they were relegated to the Junior World Rugby Trophy for second tier nations. They were later promoted to the 2012 Junior World Championship after finishing as winners of the 2011 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy. The team also competes at the Oceania U20 Championship as of 2015.
Meliae
In Greek mythology, the Meliae  (also called Meliads) (/ˈmiːli.iː/; Ancient Greek: Μελίαι, romanized: Melíai or Μελιάδες, Meliádes) were usually considered to be the nymphs of the ash tree, whose name they shared.

Hesiod
Hesiod (/ˈhiːsiəd/ HEE-see-əd or /ˈhɛsiəd/ HEH-see-əd; Ancient Greek: Ἡσίοδος Hēsíodos; fl. c. 700 BC) was an Ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.

Several of Hesiod's works have survived in their entirety. Among these are Theogony, which tells the origins of the gods, their lineages, and the events that led to Zeus's rise to power, and Works and Days, a poem that describes the five Ages of Man, offers advice and wisdom, and includes myths such as Pandora's box.

Hesiod is generally regarded by Western authors as 'the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as an individual persona with an active role to play in his subject.' Ancient authors credited Hesiod and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs. Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought, Archaic Greek astronomy, cosmology, and ancient time-keeping.
Christiana Mall Park & Ride
The Christiana Mall Park & Ride is a park and ride lot and bus terminal located at the Christiana Mall in the unincorporated community of Christiana between Wilmington and Newark in New Castle County, Delaware. The park and ride serves DART First State buses, with service provided by 6 local bus routes serving New Castle County and two inter-county bus routes that provide service to Dover and seasonal service to Lewes.

Bus station
A bus station, bus depot, bus interchange or bus exchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop. It may be intended as a terminal station for a number of routes, or as a transfer station where the routes continue.

Bus station platforms may be assigned to fixed bus lines, or variable in combination with a dynamic passenger information system. The latter requires fewer platforms, but does not provide consistent locations for passengers.
1973 Australian Manufacturers' Championship
The 1973 Australian Manufacturers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title for automobile manufacturers. It was the third Australian Manufacturers' Championship and the first to be contested with Group C Touring Cars.

Group C (Australia)
In relation to Australian motorsport, Group C refers to either of two sets of regulations devised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) for use in Australian Touring Car Racing from 1965 to 1984. These are not to be confused with the FIA's Group C sports car regulations, used from 1982 to 1992 for the World Endurance Championship / World Sports-Prototype Championship / World Sportscar Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Paul Valéry
Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (French: [pɔl valeʁi]; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events.

Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 12 different years.

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.