hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palacio de los Guzmanes
The Palacio de los Guzmanes is a Renaissance building in the city of León; it is the seat of Provincial Government of León.

The architect Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón built the palace in the 16th century, commissioned by the aristocratic House of Guzmán, one of the city's powerful and influential families. It is three-story high with square towers at the four corners and is arranged around a two-story courtyard. The façade has a round arches gallery on the top floor.

In "la Plaza de Santo Domingo", the palace stands tall, right next to "la casa de botines" and is one of the prize possessions of "El Casco Viejo (antiguo)" of Leon

House of Guzmán
The House of Guzmán (Casa de Guzmán) is an old and noble Spanish family that emerged in Castile in the 12th century and became one of the most prominent dynasties of the Spanish kingdom until the 18th century. The original family gave rise to several branches, one of which became Dukes of Medina Sidonia from the 15th century to the 18th century, in turn giving rise to other branches including the Count-Dukes of Olivares.
Ivory Mills
Ivory Mills is a 14-acre (5.7 ha), historic grist mill complex located at White Hall, Harford County, Maryland, United States. It consists of six standing 19th century frame buildings and structures: mill, miller's house, barn, corn crib, carriage house, and chicken house. The property also includes the ruins of a stone spring house, and the stone abutments of a frame, Federal-era covered bridge. The focus of the complex is the three-story stone and frame mill building built circa 1818. The ground story is constructed of coursed stone rubble, and the upper stories from clapboard. The family first started a mill on this site in 1781; this particular mill ceased production in the 1920s.

Ivory Mills was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Spring house
A spring house, or springhouse, is a small building, usually of a single room, constructed over a spring.  While the original purpose of a springhouse was to keep the spring water clean by excluding fallen leaves, animals, etc., the enclosing structure was also used for refrigeration before the advent of ice delivery and, later, electric refrigeration.  The water of the spring maintains a constant cool temperature inside the spring house throughout the year.  Food that would otherwise spoil, such as meat, fruit, or dairy products, could be kept there, safe from animal depredations as well. Springhouses thus often also served as pumphouses, milkhouses and root cellars.

The Tomahawk Spring spring house at Tomahawk, West Virginia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Koldo Izagirre
Koldo Izagirre Urreaga (born 21 June 1953 in Pasaia, Gipuzkoa) is an innovative Basque writer who has worked in several genres of literature, including poetry, novels, and tales. Izagirre has translated works by classic authors into other languages. He has also written texts, both for young people and adults. In addition, he has produced journal and magazine articles, and written television and film scripts.

In 1978, he founded the literature magazine Oh! Euzkadi with Ramon Saizarbitoria and other writers. In the 1980s he wrote Panpina Ustela with Bernardo Atxaga.

In 1990, he directed the film Offeko maitasuna and also wrote the script, as he did for the film Ke arteko egunak. He also wrote some cartoons.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Jean Pitard
Jean Pitard (born ~1228 near Bayeux, France, died in Paris at age 87, in ~1315) was the royal surgeon to Louis IX, Philip the Bold and Philip the Fair of France. At his request, about the year 1270, Louis IX created the Fraternity of St. Cosmas and St. Damian, which defined and organized the profession of surgeons in France.

Pitard received his training as an apprentice and did not receive any university training, as a result he was not encumbered by many of the medical and anatomical theories of his contemporaries.

Bayeux
Bayeux (UK: /baɪˈjɜː, beɪ-/, US: /ˈbeɪjuː, ˈbaɪ-/ B(A)Y-yoo; French: [bajø] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department in Normandy in northwestern France.

Bayeux is the home of the Bayeux Tapestry, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. It is also known as the first major town secured by the Allies during Operation Overlord after D-Day. Charles de Gaulle made two famous speeches in this town.
Philip Munger
Philip Munger (born November 3, 1946) is an American composer, music educator, political blogger, and environmentalist living in Alaska. He is perhaps best known for "The Skies are Weeping", a seven-movement cantata written in tribute to Rachel Corrie, an American member of the International Solidarity Movement killed in 2003 by a bulldozer operated by the Israel Defense Forces while she tried to prevent a house demolition in the southern Gaza Strip during the Second Intifada. He currently lectures on cultural history at two campuses of the University of Alaska Anchorage and occasionally teaches tuba at the main Anchorage campus. He was born in 1946 and attended Oberlin Conservatory and the University of Washington, where he studied musical composition.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
Wonder Walkers
Wonder Walkers is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Micha Archer. Through poetic text, it shows two kids of color as they walk through nature and ponder about its mysteries. Wonder Walkers was published on March 30, 2021, by Nancy Paulsen Books, an imprint of Penguin Random House.

Penguin Group
Penguin Group is a British trade book publisher and part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. The new company was created by a merger that was finalised on 1 July 2013, with Bertelsmann initially owning 53% of the joint venture, and Pearson PLC initially owning the remaining 47%. Since 18 December 2019, Penguin Random House has been wholly owned by Bertelsmann.

Penguin Books has its registered office in the City of Westminster, London.

Its British division is Penguin Books Ltd. Other separate divisions are located in the United States, Ireland, New Zealand, India, Australia, Canada, China, Brazil and South Africa.
Angelika Kalt
Angelika Kalt is a Swiss professor of petrology and geodynamics who was at The University of Neuchâtel from 2000 to 2008. She started at the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) in 2008 and in April 2016, became its director.

While at University of Neuchâtel, she started a cross-university doctoral school in mineralogy. At the SNSF, her team includes 59% of women.

In 2017 Kalt became an ordinary member of the governing board of Science Europe.

Swiss National Science Foundation
The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, German: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; French: Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique, FNS; Italian: Fondo nazionale svizzero per la ricerca scientifica) or Swiss National Fund is a science research support organisation mandated by the Swiss Federal Government. The Swiss National Science Foundation was established under private law by physicist and medical doctor Alexander von Muralt in 1952.
Jacques Charon
Jacques Charon (27 February 1920 – 15 October 1975) was a French actor and film director.

Born in Paris, Charon trained at the Conservatoire national supérieur d'art dramatique (CNSAD) and made his début at the Comédie-Française in 1941. During his time there which lasted until his death, he played over 150 roles in the classical and modern repertoire.

Charon directed the 1968 feature film A Flea in Her Ear and the 1973 television movie Monsieur Pompadour.

He played Spalanzani in the complete recording of The Tales of Hoffmann (Decca, 1971).

Charon was openly gay. He died in Paris and is buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre.

Comédie-Française
The Comédie-Française (French: [kɔmedi fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ⓘ), or Théâtre-Français (French: [teɑtʁ(ə) fʁɑ̃sɛ] ⓘ), is a state theatre in France. Founded in 1680, it is the oldest active theatre company in the world. Established as a French state-controlled entity in 1995, it is one of the few in the nation and the only to have its own permanent troupe of actors. The company's primary venue is the Salle Richelieu, a part of the Palais-Royal complex located at 2 Rue de Richelieu on Place André-Malraux in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.

The theatre has also been known as the Théâtre de la République, and popularly as "La Maison de Molière" (The House of Molière). It acquired the latter name from the troupe of its best-known playwright, Molière, considered the patron of French actors. He died seven years before his troupe became known as the Comédie-Française, but the company continued to be known as "La Maison de Molière" even after the official change of name.
Fundamental theorem of Hilbert spaces
In mathematics, specifically in functional analysis and Hilbert space theory, the fundamental theorem of Hilbert spaces gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a Hausdorff pre-Hilbert space to be a Hilbert space in terms of the canonical isometry of a pre-Hilbert space into its anti-dual.

Isometry
In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure". If the transformation is from a metric space to itself, it is a kind of geometric transformation known as a motion.
Heikki Törmä (1918)
Heikki Törmä (24 October 1918 – 18 October 1993) was a Finnish politician, born in Ruovesi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1958 to 1962, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) until 15 September 1959 and the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL) after that. He was a presidential elector in the 1956 Finnish presidential election.

Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders
Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (Finnish: Työväen ja Pienviljelijäin Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto, TPSL) was a political party in Finland. TPSL originated as a fraction of the Social Democratic Party of Finland, headed by Emil Skog and Aarre Simonen. Skog was the former chairman of SDP and was in dispute with the incumbent chairman, Väinö Leskinen. The party was founded in 1959, had seats in the parliament in 1959–1970 and was dissolved in 1973. It was generally identified as being politically between SDP and SKDL (a Communist-dominated organization).
Kateryna Karsak
Kateryna Karsak (born December 26, 1985) is a discus thrower from Ukraine.

She finished 4th in the discus final at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg with a throw of 62.45m.
She won the European Under 23 Discus championship in Debrecen, Hungary in July 2007 with a throw of 64.40m.

Debrecen
Debrecen (/ˈdɛbrətsɛn/ DEB-rət-sen; Hungarian: [ˈdɛbrɛt͡sɛn] ⓘ; German: Debrezin [ˈdɛbʁɛt͡siːn] ⓘ; Slovak: Debrecín [ˈɟɛbrɛt͡siːn] Romanian: Debrețin) is Hungary's second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres. Debrecen was also the capital city of Hungary during the revolution in 1848–1849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of World War II in 1944–1945. It is home to the University of Debrecen.
Molos
Molos (Greek: Μώλος, meaning “Jetty”) is a town and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it has been a part of the municipality Kamena Vourla, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 147.510 km2 and a population of 3,611 in 2021. Molos is believed to be the site of the ancient town of Scarphe.

Jetty
A jetty is a man-made structure that protrudes from land out into water. A jetty may serve as a breakwater, as a walkway, or both; or, in pairs, as a means of constricting a channel. The term derives from the French word jetée, 'thrown', signifying something thrown out.
Ottenheimer
Ottenheimer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert M. Ottenheimer (1904–1980), American stage actor

Gerry Ottenheimer (1934–1998), Canadian politician

Helen Conway-Ottenheimer Canadian politician

John Ottenheimer (born 1953), Canadian lawyer and politician

Albert M. Ottenheimer
Albert M. Ottenheimer (September 6, 1904 – January 25, 1980) was an American stage actor who was blacklisted in the 1950s.

Albert was born in Tacoma, Washington.  He attended the University of Washington, where he graduated magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa in 1927.  While there he worked in stage productions and worked with the school publications.

In 1928 he co-founded the Seattle Repertory Playhouse with Florence and Burton James.  Two plays produced there were written by Albert, L'Envoi and Funny Man.  He also wrote books, on which two musicals were produced, Calico Cargo and San Juan Story.  He took a leave of absence from the Playhouse to be a screenwriter at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

He was a founding member of Seattle local of the American Federation of Radio Artists and chairman of its Negotiating Committee. Where he worked in the field of labor relations. His duties included: writing exhibits and briefs for The Brotherhood in Presidential Emergency Board cases.
Augusta-Richmond County Public Library System
The Augusta-Richmond County Public Library System is a public library system consisting of six branches serving the county of Richmond, Georgia, United States. The headquarters for the library system is the Augusta-Richmond County Public Library, located in Augusta.

The library system is a member of Public Information Network for Electronic Services, or PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that serves 300 member libraries covering 146 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to the system's collection of 10.6 million books. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.

Georgia Library Learning Online
Georgia Library Learning Online, more commonly known as GALILEO, is a virtual library operated by the University System of Georgia.  There are over 100 core databases available, offering full text access to journals, magazines, e-books, government information, primary documents, and more.  The Digital Library of Georgia is also part of the GALILEO system.

The full system is available to those with a password, or those accessing it from computers with authorized IP address ranges.  These include computer networks within the University System of Georgia (USG) and the Technical College System of Georgia (TCSG), as well as public schools and some private schools and Georgia public libraries.

Sydney Wood Garrison wired the first severs of Galileo.
Acropora abrolhosensis
Acropora abrolhosensis is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by John Veron in 1985. Found in sheltered lagoons and shallow reefs, it is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List. The population of the species is decreasing, and most specimens are found in Western Australia, but occurs in many other areas. It is also listed under CITES Appendix II.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
Lolos (film)
Lolos (English: Boobs) is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Marie Valade and released in 2021. The film portrays a woman's complicated love-hate relationship with her own body, particularly but not exclusively her breasts.

The film premiered in June 2021 at the Annecy International Animation Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film was the winner of the National Dada Prize at the 2021 Festival du nouveau cinéma, and was named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2021. It received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Animated Short at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards, and a Prix Iris nomination for Best Animated Short Film at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards.

Annecy International Animation Film Festival
The Annecy International Animation Film Festival (French: Festival international du film d'animation d'Annecy, officially abbreviated in English as the Annecy Festival, or simply Annecy) was created in 1960 and takes place at the beginning of June in the town of Annecy, France. Initially occurring every two years, the festival became an annual event in 1998.
Boomkat
Boomkat is an American electronic and pop duo, with siblings Kellin and Taryn Manning.  The group released their debut album Boomkatalog.One in 2003, and their second album A Million Trillion Stars in 2009. The first single "The Wreckoning" hit No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.

Taryn is also an actress who has appeared on television in CSI: Miami, Boston Public, Sons of Anarchy, Hawaii Five-0 and Orange Is the New Black as well as the films Crazy/Beautiful, Crossroads, Hustle & Flow, and 8 Mile.

Boston Public
Boston Public is an American drama television series created by David E. Kelley and broadcast on Fox. Set in Boston, the series centers on Winslow High School, a fictional public high school in the Boston Public Schools district. It features a large ensemble cast and focuses on the work and private lives of the various teachers, students, and administrators at the school. It aired from October 2000 to January 2004. Its slogan was "Every day is a fight. For respect. For dignity. For sanity."
Palatovaginal canal
The palatovaginal canal (also pharyngeal canal) is a small canal formed between the sphenoidal process of palatine bone, and vaginal process of sphenoid bone.: 508  It connects the pterygopalatine fossa         and: 370  and nasal cavity. It transmits the pharyngeal nerve (pharyngeal branch of maxillary nerve), and the pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery.: 508

Sphenoid bone
The sphenoid bone is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly, bat or wasp with its wings extended. The name presumably originates from this shape, since sphekodes (σφηκώδης) means 'wasp-like' in Ancient Greek.
Begonia noraaunorae
Begonia noraaunorae is an endemic species of Begonia found in Surigao del Sur, Mindanao Island, Philippines. The species was compared to B. negrosensis Elmer, from which it resembled by its glabrous stems, leaves that are obovately oblong in shape and with sparse hairs, the lamina with glossy surface adaxially and light green abaxially, the staminate flowers having 2 tepals, the pistillate flowers having 5 tepals, and the green ovaries. However, this species differed from B. negrosensis by its larger leaves with scattered light green patches, shorter stems, a much larger, serrated lamina, shape of tepals of staminate flower, and longer ovary with no subtending bracteoles. The species is named after the Filipina actress and National Artist, Nora Aunor. The species is classified under IUCN Red List criteria as Vulnerable.

Glabrousness
Glabrousness (from Latin  glaber 'bald, hairless, shaved, smooth, etc.') is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes, or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of a plant or animal, or be due to loss because of a physical condition, such as alopecia universalis in humans, which causes hair to fall out or not regrow.
Matilda Tomšič Sebenikar
Matilda Tomšič Sebenikar, also known under the pseudonym Desimira, (13 February 1847 – 12 September 1933) was a Slovenian innkeeper, poet, writer and national activist. She was one of the first Slovenian children literature writers.

Inn
Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for horses.

An innkeeper is the person who runs an inn.
History of telegraphy in Australia
Australia was a relatively early adopter of electrical telegraph technology in the middle of the nineteenth century, despite its low population densities and the difficult conditions sometimes encountered in laying lines.  From 1858 onwards, the major capitals were progressively linked, culminating in the addition of Perth in 1877.  Australia was linked to the rest of the world for the first time in 1872, through the Overland Telegraph which ran some 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) from Adelaide through to Darwin. The network continued to expand in size and sophistication until 1959 and in heavy usage until 1945, after which time telephone usage began to erode public patronage of telegraphy services. The final publicly provided telegraphy service was closed in 1993.

Northern Territory Heritage Register
The Northern Territory Heritage Register is a heritage register,  being a statutory list of places in the Northern Territory of Australia that are protected by the Northern Territory statute, the Heritage Act 2011. The register is maintained by the Northern Territory Heritage Council.