hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Opinion polling for the 2024 Austrian legislative election
In the run-up to the 2024 Austrian legislative election, various organisations carry out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in Austria. Results of such polls are displayed in this list; the date range for these opinion polls are from the 2019 Austrian legislative election, held on 29 September, to the present day. The next election will be held on 29 September 2024.

Opinion poll
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a survey or a poll, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals. A person who conducts polls is referred to as a pollster.
Standards-based education reform in the United States
Education reform in the United States since the 1980s has been largely driven by the setting of academic standards for what students should know and be able to do. These standards can then be used to guide all other system components. The SBE (standards-based education) reform movement calls for clear, measurable standards for all school students. Rather than norm-referenced rankings, a standards-based system measures each student against the concrete standard. Curriculum, assessments, and professional development are aligned to the standards.

Traditional education
Traditional education, also known as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary education, is education following long-established customs that society has traditionally used in schools. Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, and a more holistic approach which focuses on individual students' needs; academics, mental health, and social-emotional learning. In the eyes of reformers, traditional teacher-centered methods focused on rote learning and memorization must be abandoned in favor of student centered and task-based approaches to learning.

Depending on the context, the opposite of traditional education may be progressive education, modern education (the education approaches based on developmental psychology), or alternative education.
Marine Department (Royal Navy)
The Marine Department, originally called the Marine Office, was created in 1755 as a result of the formation of the Corps of the Royal Marines and was a department within the Admiralty. The department was a civilian secretariat responsible for corresponding with the various Royal Marine Divisions. It existed until 1809 when its functions were merged into the Marine Pay Department. The department was administered by the First Secretary of the Marine who was supported by a deputy the Second Secretary of the Marine.

Permanent Secretary to the Admiralty
The Permanent Secretary of the Admiralty was the permanent secretary at the Admiralty, the department of state in Great Britain and subsequently the United Kingdom responsible for the administration of the Royal Navy. He was head of the Admiralty Secretariat, later known as the Department of the Permanent Secretary.  Although he was not a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, he was as a member of the Board, and did attend all meetings. The post existed from 1702 to 1964.
Pierre le Grand
Pierre le Grand (Peter the Great) is an opéra comique by André Grétry. The libretto, by Jean-Nicolas Bouilly, is based on the early life of the Russian tsar Peter the Great. It was first performed in Paris on January 13, 1790, with Louise-Rosalie Lefebvre, known as Madame Dugazon, as Catherine.

Jean-Nicolas Bouilly
Jean-Nicolas Bouilly (24 January 1763 – 14 April 1842) was a French playwright, librettist, children's writer, and politician of the French Revolution. He is best known for writing a libretto, supposedly based on a true story, about a woman who disguises herself as a man to rescue her husband from prison, which formed the basis of Beethoven's opera Fidelio as well as a number of other operas.
Mumbai Confidential
Mumbai Confidential is a hardboiled comic book series by Saurav Mohapatra and Vivek Shinde, published by Archaia. The story is set in the Indian city of Mumbai against the backdrop of the Mumbai Police Encounter killings, a series of alleged extrajudicial slayings carried out by an elite squad of policemen. The story contains a western crime noir narrative, and a setting and structure inspired by Bollywood movies.

Archaia Entertainment
Archaia Entertainment, LLC, commonly known as Archaia (formerly known as Archaia Studios Press), is an imprint of American comic book and graphic novel publisher Boom! Studios.

Archaia Entertainment, LLC was originally an American comic book publishing company established by Mark Smylie in 2002. On June 24, 2013, Archaia was acquired by Boom! Studios and became a wholly owned imprint.

As of 2017, 20th Century Fox purchased a minority stake in Boom! Studios, valued at $10 million. and in 2019, The Walt Disney Company inherited Fox's stake in Boom! Studios after Disney acquired 21st Century Fox's assets on March 20, 2019.

As of September 10, 2024, Disney has sold Boom! Studios to Random House.
Toxoflavin
Toxoflavin is a toxin produced by a variety of bacteria including Burkholderia gladioli.  It also has antibiotic properties.

Toxoflavin acts as a pH indicator, changing between yellow and colorless at pH 10.5.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
USS Wompatuck
USS Wompatuck (YT-27) was an armed tug in commission in the United States Navy from 1898 to 1931. Early in her naval career, she saw combat in the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War. After she was decommissioned, she was selected for conversion into the fuel oil barge YO-64, but she was lost in the early days of World War II in the Pacific before the conversion could be completed.

Captain (United States O-6)
In the United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (USPHS Corps), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps), captain is the senior-most commissioned officer rank below that of flag officer (i.e., admirals).  The equivalent rank is colonel in the United States Army, Air Force, Space Force, and Marine Corps.

Reflecting its nautical heritage, the term captain is used as a military title by officers of more junior rank who command a commissioned vessel of the Navy, Coast Guard, or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of patrol boat size or greater. Officers below O-6 who command aviation squadrons (typically O-5 commanders) usually use the less formal title "skipper".
The Cornish Times
The Cornish Times (founded 1857) is a weekly newspaper in Cornwall, South West England, owned by the Tindle Newspaper Group.

Headquartered at Webb's House in Liskeard, Cornwall, The Cornish Times displays as an emblem a Cornish chough on its front page. Published nowadays every Wednesday, it is edited by Zoë Uglow.

Tindle
The Tindle Group is a British multimedia company operating regional newspapers and radio stations across the British Isles.

It publishes over 200 local newspapers in the United Kingdom, a number of which are over a hundred years old.

The company is based in Farnham, Surrey, under CEO Danny Cammiade.

It is owned by the Tindle family. Founder Sir Ray Tindle was a "strong believer in 'ultra-local' journalism", a culture which the company still follows today. He remained the company's president until his death in 2022. His son, Owen Tindle, took over as chairman in 2017.
2008 Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament
The 2008 Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament was held at Brooks Field in Wilmington, North Carolina, from May 21 through 24.  The event determined the champion of the Colonial Athletic Association for the 2008 season.  Second-seeded James Madison won the tournament for the first time and earned the CAA's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Entering the event, former member East Carolina had won the most championships, with seven.  Among active members, VCU led with four titles, Old Dominion had won three titles while George Mason and UNC Wilmington had won twice each and William & Mary had won once.

James Madison Dukes baseball
The James Madison Dukes baseball team represents James Madison University in NCAA baseball.  The "Diamond Dukes," as the team is known, have compiled a 1092-670-8 all-time record and have made the NCAA tournament eight times, most recently in 2024. The Dukes compete in the Sun Belt Conference.
Nandy (surname)
Nandy or Nandi (Bengali: নন্দী) is a Bengali  surname (meaning pleasing, from Sanskrit ānand) which is commonly found among the Bengali Kayasthas, Tantis, Teli or Tilis, Shankharis (Conch Shell seller) in Indian States of West Bengal, Assam, Tripura and in Bangladesh.

Tili (caste)
Tili is a Bengali Hindu middle-ranking caste, found in the state of Bihar and West Bengal in India. By the late nineteenth century Tili was one of the fourteen castes belonging to 'Nabasakh' group in Bengal.
Folk instruments of Punjab
Punjabi folk music (Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੋਕ ਸੰਗੀਤ (Gurmukhi); پنجابی لوک موسیقی (Shahmukhi)) has a wide range of traditional musical instruments used in folk music and dances like Bhangra, Giddha etc. Some of the instruments are rare in use and to find even. Here are some best known traditional instruments of the Punjab region used in various cultural activities.

Shahmukhi
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. 'from the Shah's or King's mouth', Gurmukhī: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan. It is generally written in the Nastaʿlīq calligraphic hand, which is also used for Persian and Urdu. Shahmukhi is one of the two standard scripts used for Punjabi, the other being Gurmukhī used mainly in Punjab, India. Shahmukhi is written from right to left and has 36 primary letters with some other additional letters.
Intensive Care (1991 film)
Intensive Care   is a 1991 Dutch action horror exploitation film directed by Dorna van Rouveroy. It stars popular Flemish singer Koen Wauters in his second and final film role and Hollywood actor George Kennedy. While the movie was not a box office success it did develop a cult following over the decades due to it being hilariously bad and campy. It has been shown during the Belgian-Dutch Nacht van de Wansmaak film festival.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.
Ülo Mander
Ülo Mander (born 11 January 1954 in Tartu) is an Estonian ecologist and geographer.

In 1983, he defended his doctoral thesis at University of Tartu. He is teaching at the University of Tartu's Institute of Geography (since 1992 a professor).

1992–1998, he was the head of University of Tartu's Institute of Geography.

His primary research topics are "nutrient cycling in agricultural watersheds, nutrient retention and transformations in wetlands and riparian buffer zones, design and study of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, long-term changes in land-use structure and their influence on fluxes through landscape".

In 2009, he was awarded with Order of the White Star, IV class.

Nutrient cycle
A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and noncyclic pathway, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic. Mineral cycles include the carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle, oxygen cycle, among others that continually recycle along with other mineral nutrients into productive ecological nutrition.
Kalukhali–Gobra line
The Kalukhali–Gobra line is a 137km-long broad gauge railway. It was constructed under the Ministry of Railways, Government of Bangladesh. The line connects Rajbari District to Gopalganj District. It is operated by West Zone and according to the engineering department of Bangladesh Railway, it has been identified as a high-grade railway line.

Ministry of Railways (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Railways (Bengali: রেলপথ মন্ত্রণালয়) (abbreviated as MoR) is the ministry responsible for the railways and train services in Bangladesh. It was formed in 2011. Previous rail services were part of the ministry of communication (now dissolved).
We're All Going to Die
"We're All Going to Die" is a song by Scottish singer-songwriter Malcolm Middleton, and the fourth single released from A Brighter Beat. The song was released on 10 December 2007. A limited-edition seven-inch record was also released at a later date.

Championed by Colin Murray and other BBC Radio 1 DJs, there was a campaign to make the song the Christmas number-one in the UK singles chart. The song was originally given odds of 1000/1 to reach the top spot by bookmakers William Hill, the longest odds they have ever given. The odds were later cut to 9/1, but in the event the song reached only number 31.

Regarding the song, Middleton notes that the song has "nothing whatsoever" to do with Christmas and that it is about "general life worries."

Malcolm Middleton
Malcolm Bruce Middleton
(born 31 December 1973) is a Scottish musician and member of indie band Arab Strap. He has also released seven solo studio albums and three albums performing under the pseudonym Human Don't Be Angry.
Brett Delaney
Brett Delaney (born 26 October 1985) is an Australian rugby league coach and former professional rugby league footballer who is assistant coach for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League. He played as a centre and second-row forward in the 2000s and 2010s.

He played for Leeds in the Super League and for the Parramatta Eels and Gold Coast Titans in the NRL.

League Leaders' Shield
The League Leaders' Shield is a trophy awarded to the team finishing the season top of Super League in the sport of rugby league football. This regular portion of the season precedes the playoffs for the eventual Super League Grand Final. The trophy was first awarded in Super League VIII in 2003.

Bradford Bulls won the first shield in 2003, but St. Helens have won it most, winning it on a total of 8 occasions.

Wigan Warriors became only the 2nd team (along with St Helens), to retain the shield in 2024.
1812–1813 Massachusetts legislature
The 33rd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1812 and 1813 during the governorship of Caleb Strong. Samuel Dana served as president of the Senate and Timothy Bigelow served as speaker of the House.

Samuel Dana (Massachusetts politician)
Samuel Dana (June 26, 1767 – November 20, 1835) was an American lawyer and politician who served in both branches of the Massachusetts General Court, as President of the Massachusetts Senate and as a United States representative from Massachusetts.
Chicken Fat (song)
"Chicken Fat" (also known as "The Youth Fitness Song") is a 1962 song written by Broadway composer Meredith Willson (The Music Man, The Unsinkable Molly Brown) and performed by actor Robert Preston.  It was commissioned as part of the President's Council on Physical Fitness.

The Unsinkable Molly Brown (musical)
The Unsinkable Molly Brown is a 1960 musical with music and lyrics by Meredith Willson and book by Richard Morris. The plot is a fictionalized account of the life of Margaret Brown, who survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic, and her wealthy miner-husband. A musical film version, also titled The Unsinkable Molly Brown, with screenplay by Helen Deutsch, was released in 1964.
The Alteration
The Alteration is a 1976 alternate history novel by British writer Kingsley Amis, set in a parallel universe in which the Reformation did not take place. It won the John W. Campbell Memorial Award in 1977.

Parallel universes in fiction
A parallel universe, also known as an alternate universe, world, or dimension, is a plot device in fiction which uses the notion of a hypothetical universe co-existing with another, typically to enable alternative narrative possibilities. The sum of all potential parallel universes that constitute reality is often called the "multiverse".

The device serves several narrative purposes. Among them, parallel universes have been used to allow stories with elements that would ordinarily violate the laws of nature, to enable characters to meet and interact with alternative versions of themselves or others from their home universe, thus enabling further character development, and to serve as a starting point for speculative fiction, particularly alternate history.
Kemps (company)
Kemps LLC is an American dairy company in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. It has been a subsidiary of Dairy Farmers of America since being purchased in 2011 from HP Hood LLC. Dairy Farmers of America is based in Kansas City, Missouri, but Kemps continues to be headquartered in St. Louis Park. Products provided by the company include milk, cottage cheese, half and half, eggnog, cream, juices, sour cream, chip dips, ice cream, yogurt, and novelties. Most of the products are sold at grocery stores throughout the midwestern United States, however some are available in other parts of the country as well. Kemps operates five manufacturing facilities in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa.

Dipping sauce
A dip or dipping sauce is a common condiment for many types of food. Dips are used to add flavor or texture to a food, such as pita bread, dumplings, crackers, chopped raw vegetables, fruits, seafood, cubed pieces of meat and cheese, potato chips, tortilla chips, falafel, and sometimes even whole sandwiches in the case of jus. Unlike other sauces, instead of applying the sauce to the food, the food is typically placed or dipped into the sauce.

Dips are commonly used for finger foods, appetisers, and other food types. Thick dips based on sour cream, crème fraîche, milk, yogurt, mayonnaise, soft cheese, or beans are a staple of American hors d'oeuvres and are lighter than spreads, which can be thinned to make dips.

Dips in various forms are eaten all over the world and people have been using sauces for dipping for thousands of years.
Yedi Kule
Yedi Kule or Yedikule ("Seven Towers" in Turkish) can refer to:

Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul, Turkey.

Yedikule neighborhood, where the fortress is located, in the district of Fatih in Istanbul, Turkey.

Heptapyrgion (Thessaloniki) citadel in Thessaloniki, Greece.

Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium in Heraklion, Crete, is popularly nicknamed "Yedi Kule".

Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium
Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium (Greek: Γήπεδο Θεόδωρος Βαρδινογιάννης, romanized: Gipedo Theodoros Vardinogiannis), commonly referred to by its nickname, Yedi Kule, is a football stadium located in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. It was built in 1951 as the home ground of OFI. The nickname "Yedi Kule" refers to the historical Heptapyrgion fortress (known in Ottoman Turkish at یدی قله yedikulle, 'seven forts'), a Byzantine and Ottoman-era stronghold located in Thessaloniki. This nickname was adopted due to the fortress-like ambiance of the stadium, symbolizing strength and resilience.
Aristid Lindenmayer
Aristid Lindenmayer (17 November 1925 – 30 October 1989) was a Hungarian biologist. In 1968 he developed a type of formal language today called L-systems or Lindenmayer systems. Using those systems Lindenmayer modelled the behaviour of cells of plants. L-systems nowadays are also used to model whole plants.

Lindenmayer worked with yeast and filamentous fungi and studied the growth patterns of various types of algae, such as the blue/green bacteria Anabaena catenula. Originally the L-systems were devised to provide a formal description of the development of such simple multicellular organisms, and to illustrate the neighbourhood relationships between plant cells. Later on, this system was extended to describe higher plants and complex branching structures.

Anabaena
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton. They are known for nitrogen-fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. They are one of four genera of cyanobacteria that produce neurotoxins, which are harmful to local wildlife, as well as farm animals and pets. Production of these neurotoxins is assumed to be an input into its symbiotic relationships, protecting the plant from grazing pressure.

A DNA sequencing project was undertaken by the United States Department of Energy between 1999 and 2005. This project mapped the complete genome of model organism Anabaena variabilis  ATCC 29413, which is 7.2 million base pairs long. A paper detailing the process was published in 2014. The study focused on heterocysts, which convert nitrogen into ammonia. Certain species of Anabaena have been used on rice paddy fields, proving to be an effective natural fertilizer.
Joan Margaret Marbeck
Joan Margaret Marbeck (26 June 1944, Malacca Town - 28 July 2024, Seremban) was a Malaysian scholar specializing in the study of the Malay-Portuguese creole language, Kristang, in Malaysia and other countries (Singapore, Australia, Macau).

Portuguese-based creole languages
Portuguese creoles are creole languages whose lexical base is mainly derived from Portuguese. The oldest of them, Cape Verdean Creole, appeared at the end of the 15th century, while the more recent ones, such as Malacca Creole or Diu Creole, developed in the 17th and 18th centuries in the former Asian trading posts of the Portuguese empire.
Trundle Manor
Trundle Manor is a macabre art museum and oddity tourist trap in Swissvale, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh. It was founded by artist couple and Anton and Rachel Miriello and houses their personal collection of cryptozoology, vintage taxidermy, and jarred specimens.

When entertaining guests, Anton Miriello and Rachel Miriello go by Mr. Arm and Velda Von Minx respectively. Visitors are asked to donate items to the collection for tour payment. Donations vary from booze, former pets now preserved in jars, to killing implements.

Macabre
In art, the term macabre (US: /məˈkɑːb/ or UK: /məˈkɑːbrə/; French: [makabʁ]) means "having the quality of having a grim or ghastly atmosphere".

The macabre emphasises the details and symbols of death.