hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Note of Hand
The Note of Hand, or Trip to Newmarket is a 1774 comedy play by the British writer Richard Cumberland. A farce it was the final play performed by David Garrick at the Drury Lane Theatre in London before his retirement. The Irish premiere took place at the Capel Street Theatre in Dublin on 10 March 1774. The original London cast included John Palmer as Revell, Samuel Cautherley as Rivers, Thomas Jefferson as Elder Rivers, John Moody as O'Connor MacCormuck, William Palmer as Francis, James William Dodd as Sapling, James Wrighten as Putty and Susan Greville as Mrs Cheveley.

It is set against the backdrop of Newmarket Racecourse. The play mocked some of the leading Whig politicians of the era such as Charles Fox and the  Duke of Devonshire. This may have been the cause of Cumberland's dispute with Richard Brinsley Sheridan who was a Whig. Sheridan went on to create a comedy character Sir Fretful Plagiary closely based on Cumberland in the 1779 play The Critic.

Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 1751 – 7 July 1816) was an Anglo-Irish playwright, writer and Whig politician who sat in the British House of Commons from 1780 to 1812, representing the constituencies of Stafford, Westminster and Ilchester. The owner of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London, he wrote several prominent plays such as The Rivals (1775), The Duenna (1775), The School for Scandal (1777) and A Trip to Scarborough (1777). He served as Treasurer of the Navy from 1806 to 1807. Sheridan died in 1816 and was buried at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. His plays remain a central part of the Western canon and are frequently performed around the world.
Masetshego Mofokeng
Masetshego Lenah Mofokeng is a South African politician and a Member of Parliament (MP) for the African National Congress (ANC). She was elected to the National Assembly of South Africa in the 2024 South African general election.

Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital.

Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-eighth Parliament was first convened on 14 June 2024.

From 1910 to 1994, members of Parliament were elected chiefly by the South African white minority.  The first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994.

Both chambers held their meetings in the Houses of Parliament, Cape Town that were built 1875–1884. A fire broke out within the buildings in early January 2022, destroying the session room of the National Assembly. It was decided that, during construction work at Parliament, the National Assembly would temporarily meet at the Good Hope Chamber.
Lapwing
Lapwings (subfamily Vanellinae) are any of various ground-nesting birds (family Charadriidae) akin to plovers and dotterels. They range from 10 to 16 inches (25 to 41 cm) in length.

The traditional terms "plover", "lapwing", and "dotterel" do not correspond exactly to current taxonomic models; thus, several of the Vanellinae are often called plovers, and one a dotterel, while a few of the "true" plovers (subfamily Charadriinae) are known colloquially as lapwings. In general, a lapwing can be thought of as a larger plover.

In Europe's Anglophone countries, lapwing refers specifically to the northern lapwing, the only member of this group to occur in most of the continent and thus the first bird to go by the English name lapwing (also known as peewit or pyewipe).

In the fanciful taxonomy promoted by medieval courtesy books, a group of lapwings was called a "deceit".

Courtesy book
A courtesy book (also book of manners) was a didactic manual of knowledge for courtiers to handle matters of etiquette, socially acceptable behaviour, and personal morals, with an especial emphasis upon life in a royal court; the genre of courtesy literature dates from the 13th century.
Spartak Chernihiv
The Spartak Chernihiv (Ukrainian: Спартак Чернігів) was a Ukrainian football club from Chernihiv, Ukraine established in 1938, during the Soviet Union. The team used to play at the Spartak's sports complex, located in Chernihiv at Museyna vulytsia, 4. It is located next to the Ancient Chernihiv historic site.

Ancient Chernihiv
Ancient Chernihiv (Ukrainian: Національний державний архітектурно-історичний заповідник «Чернігів стародавній», romanized: Chernihiv starodavnii) is the National Architecture-Historical Reserve located in the north-eastern Ukrainian city of Chernihiv. It was created at first as an affiliate of the National Reserve "Sophia of Kyiv". Since August 1, 1967, the site is a separate entity consisting of 34 monuments of architecture. In 2023–2024, UNESCO lead the efforts to rehabilitate the sites of the reserve bombed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Vagalat
Vagalat (Albanian definite form: Vagalati, Greek: Βαγγαλάτι) is a village in the former commune of Livadhe, Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality of Finiq.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
2023 Champion versus Champion
The 2023 Champion versus Champion was the 30th edition of the Champion versus Champion tournament. The tournament consisted of the winner of the 2022 Fiji Premier League and the 2022 Digicel FA Cup Tournament. Suva won the tournament on aggregate 2–1.

Suva F.C.
Suva Football Club is a Fijian football club that competes in the Fiji Premier League, the top flight of professional Fijian football. The club is based in Suva. Their home stadium is HFC Bank Stadium.
Over the Garden Wall (1919 film)
Over the Garden Wall is a lost 1919 American silent romantic comedy film produced and distributed by the Vitagraph Company of America. It was directed by David Smith, brother of one of the Vitagraph founders Albert E. Smith. The film stars Bessie Love.

At least five short films with this title were filmed before this production.

David Smith (director)
David Smith (28 October 1872 – 25 April 1930) was an English film director and cinematographer of the silent era. He directed more than 70 films between 1915 and 1927. He was born in Faversham, Kent, and died in Santa Barbara, California. He was the older brother of Albert E. Smith, one of the co-founders of the Vitagraph Studios.
Yadha Yadha Hi
Yadha Yadha Hi is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language crime thriller film directed by Ashok Teja. The film was produced by Rajesh Agarwal under Guys & Dolls Creations. The film stars Diganth Manchale, Vasishta N. Simha and Hariprriya, in the lead roles, alongside Avinash, Swathi, and Manju Pavagada in supporting roles. The music was composed by Sricharan Pakalanand Harshavardhan Raj. The film is a remake of 2019 Telugu film Evaru, directed by Venkat Ramji, which itself was loosely based on the 2016 Spanish film The Invisible Guest (2016) by Oriol Paulo.

Yadha Yadha Hi was released on 2 June 2023, to mixed to positive reviews from critics. However, it was a commercial failure at the box office.

Failure
Failure is the social concept of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, and is usually viewed as the opposite of success. The criteria for failure depends on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person might consider a failure what another person considers a success, particularly in cases of direct competition or a zero-sum game. Similarly, the degree of success or failure in a situation may be differently viewed by distinct observers or participants, such that a situation that one considers to be a failure, another might consider to be a success, a qualified success or a neutral situation.

It may also be difficult or impossible to ascertain whether a situation meets criteria for failure or success due to ambiguous or ill-defined definition of those criteria. Finding useful and effective criteria or heuristics to judge the success or failure of a situation may itself be a significant task.
Maria Theresia Löw
Maria Theresia Löw (27 March 1809 – 30 December 1885) was a German operatic soprano and harpist. She was born in Heidelberg, Germany.

After her musical education in Frankfurt by Heinrich Anton Föppel. A childhood friend of Richard Wagner, she first appeared at the Court Theatre in Kassel under the conductor and composer Louis Spohr. She married heldentenor Karl-August Lehmannde. Their daughters Lilli Lehmann and Marie Lehmann also became soprano singers. After separating from her husband about 1853, she took care of their vocal training. In addition to her daughters, she trained the voices of other singers of her era, working at the German Theatre in Prague where she lived from 1853.

Her uncle (father of her brother) Johannes Loew from Speyer was knighted by the Bavarian government. His daughter Amalie Löw married the politician Karl Theodor von Wrede. She died on 30 December 1885 at the age of 86 in Berlin.

Louis Spohr
Louis Spohr ([ˈluːi ˈʃpo:ɐ], 5 April 1784 – 22 October 1859), baptized Ludewig Spohr, later often in the modern German form of the name Ludwig,  was a German composer, violinist and conductor.

Highly regarded during his lifetime, Spohr composed ten symphonies, ten operas, eighteen violin concerti, four clarinet concerti, four oratorios, and various works for small ensemble, chamber music, and art songs.  Spohr invented the violin chinrest and the orchestral rehearsal mark. His output spans the transition between Classical and Romantic music, but fell into obscurity following his death, when his music was rarely heard. The late twentieth century saw a modest revival of interest in his oeuvre, primarily in Europe, but his reputation has never been restored to that during his lifetime.
Khorchin Mongolian
The Khorchin dialect (Mongolian ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ Qorčin, Chinese 科尔沁 Kē'ěrqìn) is a variety of Mongolian spoken in the east of Inner Mongolia, namely in Hinggan League, in the north, north-east and east of Hinggan and in all but the south of the Tongliao region. There were 2.08 million Khorchin Mongols in China in 2000, so the Khorchin dialect may well have more than one million speakers, making it the largest dialect of Inner Mongolia.

Hinggan League
The Hinggan League is a prefecture-level subdivision of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It borders Hulun Buir to the north, the Republic of Mongolia and Xilingol League to the west, Tongliao to the south and the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang to the east. The name is derived from the Greater Khingan mountain range that crosses the league from the northwest to the southeast.
Bessonovka
Bessonovka (Russian: Бессоновка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Bessonovka, Belgorod Oblast, a selo in Belgorodsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Bessonovka, Bessonovsky District, Penza Oblast, a selo in Bessonovsky Selsoviet of Bessonovsky District of Penza Oblast

Bessonovka, Kamensky District, Penza Oblast, a village in Vladykinsky Selsoviet of Kamensky District of Penza Oblast

Bessonovka, Ryazan Oblast, a village in Kutukovsky Rural Okrug of Spassky District of Ryazan Oblast

Bessonovka, Novoburassky District, Saratov Oblast, a village in Novoburassky District, Saratov Oblast

Bessonovka, Novouzensky District, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Novouzensky District, Saratov Oblast

Bessonovka, Tambov Oblast, a village in Gavrilovsky 1-y Selsoviet of Gavrilovsky District of Tambov Oblast

Gavrilovsky District
Gavrilovsky District (Russian: Гаври́ловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tambov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast.  The district borders with Pichayevsky District in the north, Belinsky District of Penza Oblast in the east, Kirsanovsky District in the south, and with Bondarsky District in the west. The area of the district is 998 square kilometers (385 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Gavrilovka 2-ya. Population: 12,032 (2010 Census);  14,182 (2002 Census); 15,528 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Gavrilovka 2-ya accounts for 22.2% of the district's total population.
Southeast Area Transit
Southeast Area Transit (abbreviated to SEAT) is a provider of local bus service in eight towns and two cities in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Connecticut: East Lyme, Griswold, Groton (town and city), Ledyard, Montville, New London, Norwich, Stonington, and Waterford. Under contract to Amtrak, SEAT also provides Amtrak Thruway service from New London to Foxwoods.

Griswold, Connecticut
Griswold is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 11,402 at the 2020 census. Griswold contains the borough of Jewett City and the villages of Doaneville, Kaalmanville, Rixtown, Glasgo, Hopeville, Nathanieltown, and Pachaug.
Renaming of geographical objects in the Russian Far East
Geographical objects and settlements in the Russian Far East of the Soviet Union (Russian: Переименование географических объектов на Дальнем Востоке), in particular in Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast, underwent a massive process of change in names from predominantly Chinese and some local indigenous names to Russian-language ones, with the bulk of the changes occurring from 1972 to 1974. About 500 objects were renamed by the Soviet government, including 100 settlements. The renaming occurred as a result of the Soviet Union's armed conflict with China over Damansky Island in 1969. Many (but not all) place names that were replaced were of Chinese origin.

Zhenbao Island
46°29′08″N 133°50′40″E﻿ / ﻿46.48556°N 133.84444°E﻿ / 46.48556; 133.84444

Zhenbao Island (simplified Chinese: 珍宝岛; traditional Chinese: 珍寶島; pinyin: Zhēnbǎo dǎo; lit. 'Rare Treasure Island') or Damansky Island (Russian: о́стров Дама́нский, romanized: ostrov Damanskiy) is an island in Hulin, Jixi, Heilongjiang Province, China, with an area of only 0.74 square kilometres (0.29 sq mi). It is on the Ussuri River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia, and Heilongjiang Province, China.

Prior to the 1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement, the island was disputed between China and the Soviet Union. It got its Russian name from the railway engineer Stanislav Damansky, who died there in an incident in 1888 while he was charting the future route for the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The Great British Bake Off series 8
The eighth series of The Great British Bake Off began on 29 August 2017, with this being the first of The Great British Bake Off to be broadcast on Channel 4, after the production company Love Productions moved the show from BBC One. It is the first series for new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith.

This series was won by Sophie Faldo, with Kate Lyon and Steven Carter-Bailey finishing as runners-up.

Sandi Toksvig
Sandra Birgitte Toksvig OBE (/ˈtɒksvɪɡ/; Danish: [ˈsænti ˈtsʰʌksˌviˀ]; born 3 May 1958) is a Danish-British broadcaster, comedian, presenter and writer on British radio, stage and television. She is also a political activist, having co-founded the now-defunct Women's Equality Party in 2015. She has written plays, novels and books for children. In 1994, she came out as a lesbian.

Toksvig took over from Stephen Fry as host of the BBC television quiz show QI in 2016 (series 'N'), having been a guest several times. She also spent ten years hosting The News Quiz on BBC Radio 4. From 2017 to 2020, she was co-presenter of The Great British Bake Off, alongside comedian Noel Fielding. In 2020, she stepped down and was replaced by Matt Lucas.

Toksvig was the president of the Women of the Year Lunch from 2015 to 2017.
Çetin Doğan
Çetin Doğan (born 15 May 1940 in Maçka) is a Turkish military officer. He was Commander of the First Army of Turkey (17 August 2001 – 20 August 2003).

Doğan graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1960.

In 2007, Doğan was appointed head of the Board of Trustees of Ahmet Yesevi University by President Ahmet Necdet Sezer. He was replaced in March 2008 by new President Abdullah Gül.

Doğan has written columns for the Aydınlık newspaper since May 2011, and published two books.

Aydınlık
Aydınlık ("Clarify" or "Enlightenment" in Turkish) is the newspaper of the Patriotic Party (Vatan Partisi). Originally launched as a weekly newspaper in 1921, it has been repeatedly closed and relaunched, most recently in 2011.
Eurobarometer
Eurobarometer is a series of public opinion surveys conducted regularly on behalf of the European Commission and other EU institutions since 1974. These surveys address a wide variety of topical issues relating to the European Union throughout its member states.

The Eurobarometer results are published by the European Commission's Directorate-General Communication. Its database since 1974 is one of the largest in the world.

Institutions of the European Union
The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision-making bodies of the European Union and Euratom governed under the Treaties of the European Union and European Union law. They are, as listed in Article 13 of the Treaty on the European Union:

the European Parliament,

the European Council (of heads of state or government),

the Council of the European Union (of member state ministers, a council for each area of responsibility),

the European Commission,

the Court of Justice of the European Union,

the European Central Bank and

the European Court of Auditors.

Institutions are distinct from both advisory bodies to the European Union and agencies of the European Union.
2015 European Games opening ceremony
The Opening Ceremony of the 2015 European Games was the official opening ceremony held at 9:00PM Azerbaijan Time (GMT+4) on June 12, 2015, in the Baku Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan. It was attended by the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, the President of the International Olympic Committee, Thomas Bach, the Vice President of Azerbaijan, Mehriban Aliyeva, and the President of the European Olympic Committee Patrick Hickey. The ceremony was attended by 68,000 spectators gathered at the Olympic Stadium, as well as hundreds of millions of online viewers. More than 300 creative teams from 28 countries were involved in organizing the ceremony. The cost of organizing of the ceremony was about 100 million U.S. dollars. The opening ceremony was directed by artistic choreographer Dimitris Papaioannou who was praised for his work during the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Thomas Bach
Thomas Bach (born 29 December 1953) is a German lawyer, former foil fencer, and Olympic gold medalist. He served as the ninth president of the International Olympic Committee from 2013 to 2025. He was the first ever Olympic champion to be elected to that position. Since 2025, he has served as Honorary President of the International Olympic Committee. Bach is also a former German individual foil champion as well as a team world champion, and former member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation's executive board.
Middletown, California
Middletown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, California, United States.  Its population was 1,114 at the 2020 census, down from 1,323 at the 2010 census, which was up from 1,020 at the 2000 census.  Middletown was given its name because it is halfway between Lower Lake and Calistoga, which is 17 miles (27 km) to the south. The town was severely damaged by the 2015 Valley Fire.

Calistoga, California
Calistoga (Wappo: Nilektsonoma) is a city in Napa County, California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the city had a population of 5,228 as of the 2020 census.

Calistoga was founded in 1868 when the California Pacific Railroad was built, establishing the town as a tourist destination for its Calistoga Hot Springs. Today, Calistoga continues as a popular tourist destination in Wine Country, owing to its vineyards and historic landmarks.
Shin, Syria
Shin (Arabic: شين Shîn) is a town in western Syria administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located west of Homs. Nearby localities include Rabah to the north, al-Mahfurah to the northeast, Tarin to the east, Suwayri to the southeast, Hadidah to the south, Mizyeneh and al-Huwash to the southwest and Muqlus to the northwest.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shin had a population of 13,020 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of the Shin nahiyah ("subdistrict") which consists of 22 localities with a collective population of 27,951 in 2004. The inhabitants of the town are predominantly Sunnis and Alawites. Although many had converted to the heterodox Alawite sect of Sulayman al-Murshid (known as Murshidians) during the French Mandate period (1920–46), the population readopted the orthodox Alawite faith since then.

Mizyeneh
Mizyeneh or Mazyanah (Arabic: المزينة) is a small Greek Orthodox Christian village located in Western Syria close to the Lebanese borders and administratively belonging to the Homs Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Mizyeneh had a population of 2,769 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Christians. The village has two Greek Orthodox Churches.
Siegel–Weil formula
In mathematics, the Siegel–Weil formula, introduced by Weil (1964, 1965) as an extension of the results of Siegel (1951, 1952),  expresses an Eisenstein series as a weighted average of theta series of lattices in a genus, where the weights are proportional to the inverse of the order of the automorphism group of the lattice.
For the constant terms this is essentially the Smith–Minkowski–Siegel mass formula.

Automorphism group
In mathematics, the automorphism group of an object X is the group consisting of automorphisms of X under composition of morphisms.  For example, if X is a finite-dimensional vector space, then the automorphism group of X is the group of invertible linear transformations from X to itself (the general linear group of X).  If instead X is a group, then its automorphism group  is the group consisting of all group automorphisms of X.

Especially in geometric contexts, an automorphism group is also called a symmetry group. A subgroup of an automorphism group is sometimes called a transformation group.

Automorphism groups are studied in a general way in the field of category theory.