hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vicuña wool
Vicuña wool refers to the hair of the South American vicuña, a camelid related to llamas and alpacas. The wool has, after shahtoosh, the second smallest fiber diameter of all animal hair and is the most expensive legal wool.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Muskan
Muskan is a given name, mostly feminine, found in Pakistan,India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Notable people with this name include:

Muskan Ahirwar (born 2006 or 2007), an Indian librarian

Muskan Khatun (born 2004), a Nepalese human rights activist

Muskan Kirar (born 2001), an Indian archer

Muskan Khan (fl. 2022), an Indian Muslim woman in the 2022 Karnataka hijab row

Muskan Malik (cricketer) (born 2002), an Indian cricket player

Muskan Malik (kabaddi) (born 2000), an Indian kabaddi player

Muskan Sumika (fl. 2015 – present), a Bangladeshi costume designer

Muskan Khatun
Muskan Khatun (Nepali: मुस्कान खातुन; born 11 May 2004) is a Nepalese human rights activist. She was a survivor of an acid attack at the age of 15 after she refused the boy's romantic advances. She was campaigned for legislation and was instrumental in getting laws passed for tough action against perpetrators in Nepal.  She won an International Women of Courage Award in 2021.

Muskan Khatun from Chhapakaiya in Birgunj was attacked with acid by 16-year-old Samsad Miya in order to exact revenge after Khatun rebuffed his friend Majid Alam’s romantic overtures, according to police.
Argentine Libertarian Federation
The Argentine Libertarian Federation (in Spanish, Federación Libertaria Argentina, FLA) is a libertarian communist federation which operates in Argentina, out of the City of Buenos Aires, San Pedro, La Pampa Province, and Rosario. Founded in October 1935 with the name of the Anarcho-Communist Federation of Argentina (FACA, Federación Anarco-Comunista Argentina) the FLA adopted its current name in 1955. It is governed by the Declaration of Principles and the Organic Charter approved by its congress. Its structure and operation are federative and are coordinated by Local Councils and the National Council.

Since 1985, the FLA has been publishing the political journal El Libertario. Prior to that, FLA published Acción Libertaria. The FLA is a member of the International of Anarchist Federations (IAF-IFA), the anarchist international which includes member organisations from Italy, Spain, Great Britain, France, Germany and other nations.

La Pampa Province
La Pampa (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈpampa]) is a sparsely populated province of Argentina, located in the Pampas in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise San Luis, Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Río Negro, Neuquén and Mendoza.
Tri posleratna druga
Tri posleratna druga (trans. Three Post-war Friends) is the sixth studio album released by Serbian and former Yugoslav singer-songwriter Đorđe Balašević. The album is a paraphrase and the author's dedication to Remarque, the author of the book Three Comrades.

Tri posleratna druga is the first of Balašević's studio album that featured guitarist Elvis Stanić and drummer Tonči Grabušić from Rijeka. The album is perhaps most memorable for the humorous rap-oriented song "Sugar Rap", the song "Još jedna pesma o maloj garavoj", the folk rock songs "Devojka sa čardaš nogama" and "Ćaletova pesma" and the ballads "D-moll", "Kad odem" and "Saputnik".

On album release day, JRT aired music videos for this album. Videos were filmed in Serbian national theatere (tracks number 2 and 5), by Danube in Novi Sad.

Three Comrades (novel)
Three Comrades (German: Drei Kameraden) is a 1936 novel by the German author Erich Maria Remarque. It is written in first person by the main character Robert Lohkamp, whose somewhat disillusioned outlook on life is due to his horrifying experiences in the trenches of the First World War's French-German front. He shares these experiences with Otto Köster and Gottfried Lenz, his two comrades with whom he runs an auto-repair shop in what may be late-1920s Hamburg. Remarque wrote the novel in exile and it was first published in the Danish translation; the English translation followed soon, being serialised in Good Housekeeping from January to March 1937, and in the book form later in the year. The first German language edition was published in 1938 by Exilliteratur publisher Querido in Amsterdam, but the novel was published in Germany only in 1951.
Neustadt am Rübenberge station
Neustadt am Rübenberge station (German: Bahnhof Neustadt am Rübenberge) is a railway station located in Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany. The station is located on the Wunstorf–Bremen railway line. The train services are operated by DB Regio Nord and Transdev Hannover.

Neustadt am Rübenberge
Neustadt am Rübenberge (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔam ˈʁyːbn̩bɛʁɡə] ⓘ; Low German: Niestadt) is a town in the district of Hannover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. At 357 km2 (138 sq mi), it is the 9th largest settlement in Germany by area (following Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne), though only about 45,000 inhabitants live there. It is in a region known as the Hanoverian Moor Geest.
Koziczyn, Lubusz Voivodeship
Koziczyn [kɔˈʑit͡ʂɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Cybinka, within Słubice County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, close to the German border. It is located within the historic Lubusz Land.

Lubusz Land
Lubusz Land (Polish: Ziemia lubuska; German: Land Lebus) is a historical region and cultural landscape in Poland and Germany on both sides of the Oder river.

Originally the settlement area of the Lechites, the swampy area was located east of Brandenburg and west of Greater Poland, south of Pomerania and north of Lower Silesia and Lower Lusatia. Presently its eastern part lies within the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship, the western part with its historical capital Lebus (Lubusz) in the German state of Brandenburg.
Jim Brothers
Jim Brothers (August 15, 1941 – August 20, 2013) was an American figurative sculptor from the U.S. state of Kansas. He died at the age of 72 at his home in Lawrence, Kansas, where he had received hospice care for cancer. His wife Kathy said he completed his final piece, a tribute to William Inge, "literally days before he died."

William Inge
William Motter Inge (/ˈɪndʒ/; May 3, 1913 – June 10, 1973) was an American playwright and novelist, whose works typically feature solitary protagonists encumbered with strained sexual relations. In the early 1950s he had a string of memorable Broadway productions, including Picnic, which earned him a Pulitzer Prize. With his portraits of small-town life and settings rooted in the American heartland, Inge became known as the "Playwright of the Midwest".
No Regrets (Elisabeth Withers album)
No Regrets is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Elisabeth Withers, released by E1 Records on September 14, 2010. The album features contributions by Toby Gad (who produced for her first album), Gordon Chambers, Carvin & Ivan, Barry Eastmond, Peter Lord, Clarence Blakely and Bob Antoine.

Toby Gad
Tobias "Toby" Gad (born 28 March 1968) is a German music producer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. He is known for co-writing songs including John Legend's biggest hit, "All of Me", the fifth-highest certified single in RIAA history, and for co-writing and producing "Big Girls Don't Cry" by Fergie and "If I Were a Boy" by Beyoncé. Other notable works include "Skyscraper" for Demi Lovato, "Who You Are" for Jessie J, "Untouched" for The Veronicas, "A Year Without Rain" for Selena Gomez & the Scene, "Don't Hold Your Breath" for Nicole Scherzinger, "Love You More" for JLS, and "I Do" for Colbie Caillat.

In the third quarter of 2014, Gad was ranked the #3 songwriter in America by Billboard, behind Ryan Tedder and Pharrell Williams.
Chupadera springsnail
The Chupadera springsnail, scientific name Pyrgulopsis chupaderae, is a species of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.

This species' natural habitat is springs.  It is endemic to Willow Spring at the south end of the Chupadera Mountains, about 5 miles (8.0 km) west of
Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge headquarters, New Mexico, United States.

Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
The Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (/ˈboʊskeɪ dɛl əˈpætʃi/ BOH-skay del ə-PATCH-ee, Spanish: [ˈboske ðel aˈpatʃe]; "Woodland of the Apache")  is a National Wildlife Refuge located in southern New Mexico.  It was founded in 1939 and is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It is a favorite spot to observe sandhill cranes, which spend the fall and winter in the area.  The reserve is open year-round and provides safe harbor for its varied wildlife. Visitors to the refuge also enjoy partaking in activities such as hiking, cycling, driving tours on the 12-mile scenic auto route, and participating in educational programs offered on site.
Kotputli
Kotputli is a city and municipal council in Kotputli-Behror district of Rajasthan, India, located between Jaipur city and New Delhi.It is part of the Ahirwal region of Rajasthan. The district headquarters is Kotputli, and also has been part of wider Matsya-Bairath cultural space.
Kotputli has many historic temples and schools
Sardar  School and Sardar Zanana Hospital were made by local bodies in conjunction with the Morijawala and Tijoriwala  family. Since then, numerous schools and hospitals have been built in Kotputli .

Ahirwal
Ahirwal is a region of southern Haryana, north-eastern Rajasthan, and South-Western Delhi The region was once a small principality based from the town of Rewari and controlled by members of the Ahir community from around the time when the Mughal Empire was in decline.
Laker Band
The Los Angeles Laker Band is a subset of the USC Trojan Marching Band that plays at Lakers home games. Created in 1979 at the request of Lakers owner Dr. Jerry Buss, this brass and rhythm ensemble performs at every Laker home game, including the playoffs, finals and regularly performs the national anthem before the game on the Crypto.com Arena court. The group is the only one of its kind in the NBA: a dedicated band that performs at every game in its own section.  The band sits and performs in section 308. The Laker Band comprises nine trumpets, six or seven trombones, a bass guitar, and a drum set.

The band has been featured in the championship parade in downtown Los Angeles when the Lakers win the NBA title. Band members and the Laker Girls ride atop firetrucks for the parade down Figueroa Street.

Figueroa Street
Figueroa Street is a major north–south street in Los Angeles County, California, spanning from the Los Angeles neighborhood of Wilmington north to Eagle Rock. A short, unconnected continuation of Figueroa Street runs just south of Marengo Drive in Glendale to Chevy Chase Drive in La Cañada Flintridge.
Ralph Holloway
Ralph Leslie Holloway Jr. (February 6, 1935 – March 12, 2025) was an American physical anthropologist at Columbia University and research associate with the American Museum of Natural History. Since obtaining his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964, Holloway served as a professor of anthropology at Columbia. Holloway's interests were in craniology, producing endocasts, primate behavior, biology of gender, sexual dimorphism in the corpus callosum, and other topics. He developed the subdiscipline of hominin paleoneurology.

Endocast
An endocast is the internal cast of a hollow object, often referring to the cranial vault in the study of brain development in humans and other organisms.  Endocasts can be artificially made for examining the properties of a hollow, inaccessible space, or they may occur naturally through fossilization.
Listed buildings in Newington, Swale
Newington is a village and civil parish in the in the Swale District of Kent, England. It contains 24 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these one is grade I, one is grade II* and 22 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Borough of Swale
Swale is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. The council is based in Sittingbourne, the borough's largest town. The borough also contains the towns of Faversham, Queenborough and Sheerness, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. It includes the Isle of Sheppey and is named after The Swale, the narrow channel which separates Sheppey from the mainland part of the borough. Some southern parts of the borough lie within the Kent Downs, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The borough borders the Medway unitary authority area to the west, the Borough of Maidstone to the south-west, the Borough of Ashford to the south-east, and the City of Canterbury to the east. Under proposed reorganisation in either April 2027 or 2028 the borough will face abolition and will join with one or more adjoining councils to form a new Unitary Authority. Details of such proposals are expected in Autumn 2025.
Staphylotoxin
A staphylotoxin can be any of these toxins produced by Staphylococcus bacteria:

Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin

Staphylococcus aureus beta toxin

Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Exfoliatin

Panton-Valentine leukocidin

Toxic shock syndrome toxin

Exfoliatin
Exfoliatin is a Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin that causes a blistering of the skin known as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, usually in infants.

Exfoliatins are glutamate-specific serine proteases highly specific to desmoglein I, a cadherin (adhesion protein) in the desmosomes of the stratum granulosum that facilitates intercellular adhesion between keratinocytes. The resulting vesicle is an intraepidermal cleft located above the basal cells (suprabasal), between the stratum corneum and stratum spinosum. Desmoglein-1 is similarly involved in Pemphigus foliaceus, an auto-immune skin condition.  A very similar non-infectious condition is seen in the autoimmune skin disorder pemphigus vulgaris in which there is an IgG antibody against the cadherin desmoglein 3.
Saladitos
Saladitos are a Mexican snack of dried and salted plums or apricot, which can also be sweetened with sugar and anise or coated in chili and lime. A common misconception is that saladitos and chamoy are the same thing; saladitos are the dried salted fruit, whereas chamoy is made from the leftover brine.

Lime (fruit)
A lime is the fruit of several species of citrus, most of which are hybrids within the genus Citrus (family Rutaceae). Limes are generally small, round to oval fruits with green flesh and skin and a distinctly sour taste due to their high citric acid content. They are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for culinary, medicinal, and ornamental purposes.

The term "lime" is used for a variety of citrus fruits, including the Key lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia), Persian lime (Citrus × latifolia), Makrut lime (Citrus hystrix), finger lime (Citrus australasica), blood lime (hybrid), and desert lime among others. Limes are a rich source of vitamin C and are used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. In 2023, world production of limes (combined with lemons) was 23.6 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico.
Falkneria camerani
Falkneria camerani is a species of land snail in the family Helicodontidae.

This species is endemic to northwestern Italy. It is only known from five locations in Aosta Valley, Cervo Valley, Valsesia and Sessera Valley. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss and, possibly, acid precipitation.

This taxon was incorrectly listed by Giusti & Manganelli in 1990 as "Falkneri camerani", due to an orthographic error.

Valsesia
Valsesia (Piedmontese: Valsesia; Walser German: Tseschrutol) is a group of valleys in the north-east of Piedmont in the Province of Vercelli, Italy; the principal valley is that of the river Sesia.

The major towns located here are Varallo Sesia,Borgosesia, Quarona and Valduggia; tourist villages include Alagna Valsesia, Rima San Giuseppe, Carcoforo and Scopello. While the valley mainly belongs to the province of Vercelli three of its comuni, namely Romagnano Sesia, Prato Sesia and Grignasco, are part of the province of Novara; however, they are not historically part of Valsesia but only geographically.
Wallis and Futuna national badminton team
The Wallis and Futuna national badminton team (French: Équipe nationale de badminton de Wallis-et-Futuna; Wallisian  and Futunan: Fo'i gao'i badminton fakafenua no te fenua ʻUvea mo Futuna) represents Wallis and Futuna, an Overseas collectivity of France, in international badminton team competitions. It became an associate member of Badminton Oceania in August 2021. The team made its international debut at the 2022 Pacific Mini Games in Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, in June 2022.

The Wallisian and Futunan team won third place on their debut in the Pacific Mini Games. The team won the group team matches against Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and Solomon Islands.

Futunan language
Futunan or Futunian is the Polynesian language spoken on Futuna and nearby Alofi. The term East Futunan is also used to distinguish it from the related West Futunan (Futuna-Aniwa) spoken on the outlier islands of Futuna and Aniwa in Vanuatu.

The language is closely related to other Western Polynesian languages: Fagauvea, Wallisian, Tongan, Samoan, Tokelau, and Niuafoʻou.

It is classified as Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Remote Oceanic, Central Pacific, East Fijian-Polynesian, Polynesian, Nuclear, Samoic-Outlier, Futunic, Futuna, East.

This language is a member of the diminishing set of native Pacific languages. it is classified as endangered.
Michel Buillard
Michel Buillard (born 9 September 1950) is a French Polynesian politician and former Cabinet Minister. Since 1995 he has served as the mayor of Papeete. He was deputy of the National Assembly of France for French Polynesia's 1st constituency from 1997 to 2012.  In the National Assembly, he was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. In the Assembly of French Polynesia, he is a member of Tapura Huiraatira.

French Polynesia's 1st constituency
The 1st constituency of French Polynesia is a French legislative constituency in French Polynesia.

Following the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies, which came into application for the June 2012 legislative election, the boundaries of French Polynesia's two constituencies were redrawn so as to create a third constituency in the collectivity. Since then, the 1st constituency consists of the communes of Arue, Moorea-Maiao, Papeete and Pirae in the Windward Islands, and all communes in the Marquesas Islands (Fatu-Hiva, Hiva-Oa, Nuku-Hiva, Tahuata, Ua-Huka, Ua-Pou) and in the Tuamotu-Gambier Islands (Anaa, Arutua, Fakarava, Fangatau, Gambier, Hao, Hikueru, Makemo, Manihi, Napuka, Nukutavake, Puka-Puka, Rangiroa, Reao, Takaroa, Tatakoto, Tureia).
Weinberg angle
The weak mixing angle or Weinberg angle is a parameter in the Weinberg–Salam theory (by Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam) of the electroweak interaction, part of the Standard Model of particle physics, and is usually denoted as θW. It is the angle by which spontaneous symmetry breaking rotates the original W0 and B0 vector boson plane, producing as a result the Z0 boson, and the photon. Its measured value is slightly below 30°, but also varies, very slightly increasing, depending on how high the relative momentum of the particles involved in the interaction is that the angle is used for.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a spontaneous process of symmetry breaking, by which a physical system in a symmetric state spontaneously ends up in an asymmetric state. In particular, it can describe systems where the equations of motion or the Lagrangian obey symmetries, but the lowest-energy vacuum solutions do not exhibit that same symmetry. When the system goes to one of those vacuum solutions, the symmetry is broken for perturbations around that vacuum even though the entire Lagrangian retains that symmetry.
Taxane 13alpha-hydroxylase
In enzymology, a taxane 13alpha-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.77) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2  taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol + NADP+ + H2O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol, NADP+, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (13alpha-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in diterpenoid biosynthesis.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Arif Lohar
Arif Lohar (Punjabi pronunciation: [aːɾɪf loːɦaːɾ]; born 18 April 1966) is a Pakistani singer associated with Punjabi folk music and an occasional actor.

The son of the renowned folk singer Alam Lohar, Arif Lohar became popular in Pakistan and India after his  famous song "Jugni" with Nooran Lal in 2006. He usually sings accompanied by a native Punjabi musical instrument resembling tongs, called Chimta. His folk music is representative of the traditional folk heritage of Punjab.

Folk music of Punjab
Punjabi folk music (Punjabi: پنجابی لوک موسیقی, Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੋਕ ਸੰਗੀਤ or Punjabi Folk) is the traditional music on the traditional musical instruments of the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. There is a great repertoire of music from the time of birth through the different stages of joy and sorrow till death. The folk music invokes the traditions as well as the hardworking nature, bravery and many more things that the people of Punjab get from its gateway-to-India geographical location. Due to the large area with many sub-regions, the folk music has minor lingual differences but invokes the same feelings. The sub-regions Bar, Malwa, Doaba, Majha, Pothohar, and hills areas, have numerous folk songs.
Punjabi dance OP Bhangra music which is a genre of Punjabi modern music invented in Britain by the Punjabi diaspora.