hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbus Historic District (Columbus, Georgia)
Columbus Historic District in Columbus, Georgia is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.  Its area was increased in 1988.  The original district included 20 city blocks and nine partial city blocks, and was bounded by the Chattahoochee River on the west, Ninth Street on the north, Fourth Avenue (U.S. Highway 27) on the east, and Fourth Street on the south.

The expanded district included 343 contributing buildings, one other structure, three sites, and one object (an 1879 Confederate war memorial).

Fifteen of the historic houses had been moved but were still deemed to contribute to the historic character of the district.

It includes the antebellum octagon house at 527 1st Avenue, a National Historic Landmark, named Octagon House or May's Folly.

Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River (/ˌtʃætəˈhuːtʃi/) is a river in the Southeastern United States. It forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida and Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River, a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is about 430 miles (690 km) long. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers together make up the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACF River Basin). The Chattahoochee makes up the largest part of the ACF's drainage basin.
Common Operational Datasets
Common Operational Datasets or CODs, are authoritative reference datasets needed to support operations and decision-making for all actors in a humanitarian response. CODs are 'best available' datasets that ensure consistency and simplify the discovery and exchange of key data. The data is typically geo-spatially linked using a coordinate system (especially administrative boundaries) and has unique geographic identification codes (P-codes).

Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine and standardize the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space. The coordinates are not interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry.
CFAV Cougar (YAG 308)
Canadian Forces Auxiliary Vessel (CFAV) Cougar (YAG 308) was one of ten wooden YAG 300 (Yard Auxiliary, General) vessels built for the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) between 1953 and 1955. Built for use as auxiliary craft, Cougar primarily served as an at-sea training platform for junior naval officers, boatswains, reserve personnel and Sea Cadets at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt. Her name was reused for PTC 61 Cougar Orca-class Patrol Craft Training (PCT) tender that replaced the YAG 300 vessels as the RCN training tenders in 2008.

Orca-class patrol vessel
The Orca-class patrol vessels are a class of eight steel-hulled training and surveillance vessels in service with the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) at Patrol Craft Training Unit (PCTU) Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt. Based on the Australian Pacific-class patrol boat design, all of the Orca vessels were constructed by Victoria Shipyards between November 2004 and November 2008. In addition to carrying the RCN designation of patrol craft training (PCT), the Orca class are not formally commissioned in the RCN and as such do not possess the His Majesty's Canadian Ship (HMCS) prefix.
Diocese of Nidaros
Nidaros is a diocese in the Lutheran Church of Norway. It covers Trøndelag county in Central Norway and its cathedral city is Trondheim, which houses the well-known Nidaros Cathedral.  Since 10 September 2017, the Bishop of Nidaros is Herborg Finnset.  The bishop preses, currently Olav Fykse Tveit is also based at the Nidaros Cathedral.  The diocese is divided into nine deaneries (prosti).  While the bishop preses holds episcopal responsibility within the Nidaros domprosti (deanery) in Trondheim, the bishop of Nidaros holds episcopal authority of the other eight deaneries as well as the language based parish of the Southern Sámi.

Olav Fykse Tveit
Olav Fykse Tveit (born 24 November 1960) is a Norwegian Lutheran theologian and bishop, and the current Preses of the Bishops' Conference of the Church of Norway. He was elected to the post of general secretary of the World Council of Churches on 27 August 2009. He entered office on 1 January 2010, for a proposed term of five years, and was re-elected to a second term in July 2014. He resigned from the post in March 2020, having been elected Preses of the Bishops' Conference of the Church of Norway.
Sharon Malcolm
M. Sharon Lewis Malcolm (July 11, 1947 – September 30, 2019) was an American politician.

Malcolm was born in Park Lake, Michigan. She served in the West Virginia House of Delegates from 2018 until her death. Malcolm was a Republican. Prior to her appointment to the House of Delegates, she served as the Assistant Doorkeeper for the West Virginia House of Delegates, and later as the Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms for the West Virginia Senate.

West Virginia House of Delegates
The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature in West Virginia. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates.
The Five of Me
The Five of Me is a 1981 American drama television film directed by Paul Wendkos and written by Lawrence B. Marcus. Based on the 1977 autobiography of the same name written by Henry Hawksworth with Ted Schwarz, the film chronicles the true story of Hawksworth's struggles with multiple personality disorder. David Birney stars as Hawksworth, with Dee Wallace, Mitchell Ryan, John McLiam, James Whitmore Jr., Ben Piazza, Judith Chapman, Robert L. Gibson, and Herb Armstrong co-starring. It aired on CBS on May 12, 1981.

Lawrence B. Marcus
Lawrence B. Marcus (July 19, 1917 – August 28, 2001) was an American screenwriter. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Adapted Screenplay for the film The Stunt Man.

Marcus worked on newspapers in Illinois, Massachusetts, and Ohio before he took a class in writing for radio at the University of Chicago. After the establishment of the Federal Writers' Project, he was appointed to head the Illinois division's radio department. He also served in the United States Army Air Forces. His assignment there was to write radio programs that would increase enlistments.

Marcus's work on radio included writing Dark Venture.
William Carey Graves
William Carey Graves (December 1, 1895 in Washington Parish, Louisiana – January 26, 1966 in Dallas, Texas) was a Democratic Texas State Senator for 4 terms and Majority Leader & Senate President for two of those terms. Graves was Governor of Texas for a day.

Washington Parish, Louisiana
Washington Parish (French: Paroisse de Washington; Spanish: Parroquia de Washington) is a parish located in the interior southeast corner of the U.S. state of Louisiana, one of the Florida Parishes. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,463. Its parish seat is Franklinton. Its largest city is Bogalusa. The parish was founded in 1819 and is named for President George Washington.

Washington Parish comprises the Bogalusa, LA micropolitan statistical area, which is included in the New Orleans-Metairie-Hammond, LA-MS combined statistical area.
Operation Agreement
Operation Agreement was a ground and amphibious operation carried out by British, Rhodesian and New Zealand forces on Axis-held Tobruk from 13 to 14 September 1942, during the Second World War. A Special Interrogation Group party, fluent in German, took part in missions behind enemy lines. Diversionary actions extended to Benghazi (Operation Bigamy), Jalo oasis (Operation Nicety) and Barce (Operation Caravan). The Tobruk raid was an Allied disaster; the British lost several hundred men killed and captured, one cruiser, two destroyers, six motor torpedo boats and dozens of small amphibious craft.

Feint
Feint, a French term that entered English via the discipline of swordsmanship and fencing, is a maneuver designed to distract or mislead. A feint is achieved by giving the impression that a certain maneuver will take place, while in fact another, or even none, will. In military tactics and many types of combat, there are two types of feints: feint attacks and feint retreats.
Omoglymmius seriatus
Omoglymmius seriatus is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by R.T. Bell & J.R. Bell in 1988. It is known from Mount Tambusisi in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia), near the Gulf of Tomini.

Omoglymmius seriatus holotype, a female, measures 6 mm (0.24 in) in length and was collected from under bark of a tree.

Gulf of Tomini
The Gulf of Tomini (Indonesian: Teluk Tomini), also known as the Bay of Tomini, is the equatorial gulf which separates the Minahassa (Northern) and East Peninsulas of the island of Sulawesi (Celebes) in Indonesia. The Togian Islands lie near its center. To the east, the Gulf opens onto the Molucca Sea.
Stig Nunatak
Stig Nunatak (73°20′S 3°14′W﻿ / ﻿73.333°S 3.233°W﻿ / -73.333; -3.233) is a nunatak about 3 nautical miles (6 km) northeast of Mount Hallgren in the Kirwan Escarpment, Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and additional air photos (1958–59). Named for Stig E. Hallgren, photographer with NBSAE.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Stig Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Dan Petersen
Dan Petersen (born 6 May 1972) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

At Monaco he was part of the side that won the 1996–97 French Division 1 title, making 10 appearances in the process.

1996–97 French Division 1
The 1996–97 Division 1 season was the 59th since its establishment. AS Monaco won the French Association Football League with 79 points. Four teams were relegated to Second division and only two were promoted because in 1997–1998, only 18 would participate the championship.
Sugandha River
Sugandha River is a river in Bangladesh in the Barisal and Jhalokati districts. The length of the river is 21 km, and the average width is 400m. The identification number of the river given by the Bangladesh Water Development Board is River No. 377 in the south-western region, and the flow type is perennial.

Bangladesh Water Development Board
Bangladesh Water Development Board is a government agency which is responsible for flood control, drainage and irrigation i.e.  water management in Bangladesh and its headquarters is located in Pani Bhaban, Dhaka. Md. Enayet Ullah is the Director General of the board since 15 July 2025.
Ñatita
A ñatita (Andean Spanish for "little pug-nosed one") is a human skull that is venerated by Aymara people in Bolivia. Ñatitas are believed to be vessels for spirits and they are often kept in shrines in homes to bring good fortune to their owners as well as to offer protection from evil spirits. Día de las Ñatitas, a festival celebrating ñatitas, is held annually on 8 November in La Paz as well as by indigenous communities in the Andes.

Andean Spanish
Andean Spanish is a dialect of Spanish spoken in the central Andes, from southern Colombia, with influence as far south as northern Chile and Northwestern Argentina, passing through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. While similar to other Spanish dialects, Andean Spanish shows influence from Quechua, Aymara, and other indigenous languages, due to prolonged and intense language contact. This influence is especially strong in rural areas.
Broekman
Broekman is a Dutch toponymic surname equivalent to the Dutch surname Van den Broek. In Dutch, a broek is low-lying land regularly flooded by rivers or brooks. People with this name include:

Barend Broekman (1898–1970), Dutch film producer

David Broekman (1899–1958), Dutch-born American conductor and film score composer

Jan Broekman (born 1931), Dutch-born philosopher, legal scientist, and social scientist

Kees Broekman (1927–1992), Dutch speed skater

Manuel Broekman (born 1986), Dutch film and TV actor

Marcel Broekman (1922–2013), Dutch-born American filmmaker, cinematographer and palmist

Jan Broekman
Jan Maurits Broekman (born 1931 in Voorburg) is a Dutch-born philosopher, legal scientist, and social scientist. He worked three decades at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and continues to reside in Belgium. In 1971 he published a work on structuralism and in 1979 law and anthropology, asserting that the foundations of law are concealed in a specific image of a person.
407 BC
Year 407 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Medullinus, Vibulanus, Volusus and Ahala (or, less frequently, year 347 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 407 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Hermocrates
Hermocrates (/hɜːrˈmɒkrəˌtiːz/; Ancient Greek: Ἑρμοκράτης, romanized: Hermokrátēs, c. 5th century – 407 BC) was an ancient Syracusan general from Greek Sicily during the Athenians' Sicilian Expedition in the midst of the Peloponnesian War.  He is also remembered as a character in the Timaeus and Critias dialogues of Plato.
Horod
Horod (Cyrillic: город) from Old Slavonic gord is a version of the Slavic word meaning "town", "city" or "castle", also found in Slavic languages as grad or gorod.

It is mostly found in Czech, Slovak, Belarusian and Ukrainian, which, unlike the other Slavic languages, do not use hard 'g' except in loanwords.

Horod is preserved in the toponymy of numerous Slavic placenames:

Uzhhorod

Vyshhorod

Horodok

Horodyshche

Myrhorod

Novomyrhorod

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi

Horodyshche

Horodenka

Sharhorod

Bilohorodka

Hradyzk, formerly Horodyshche

Novhorod-Siverskyi

Zvenyhorod

Zvenyhorodka

Novomyrhorod
Novomyrhorod (Ukrainian: Новомиргород, IPA: [nowoˈmɪrɦorod] ⓘ) is a city in Novoukrainka Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, central Ukraine, in the southern part of the Middle Dnieper area. It hosts the administration of Novomyrhorod urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of Novomyrhorod is approximately 10,715 (2022 estimate).

Novomyrhorod is situated on the banks of the Velyka Vys River.
Villamil (surname)
Villamil is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Federico Cantero Villamil (1874–1946), Spanish civil engineer

Jorge Villamil Cordovez  (1929–2010), Colombian composer and songwriter

José de Villamil (1789–1866), leader of Ecuador and first governor of the Galápagos Islands

Martin de Villamil (1783–1843), Ecuadorian trader, brother of José

Richard de Villamil (1850–1936), British scientist, grandson of Martin

Silvia Rodríguez Villamil (1939–2003), Uruguayan historian, feminist, writer, and activist

Soledad Villamil, Argentine actress

Villaamil

Fernando Villaamil (1845–1898), Spanish naval officer

Jenaro Pérez Villaamil (1807–1854), Spanish painter

Polo Villaamil (born 1979), Spanish racing driver

Fernando Villaamil
Fernando Villaamil Fernández-Cueto (November 23, 1845 – July 3, 1898) was a Spanish Navy officer best known being the inventor of the destroyer and for his death in action during the Battle of Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish–American War. He was the highest ranking Spanish officer to die in the conflict.
United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey
The U.S. attorney for the District of New Jersey is the chief federal law enforcement officer in New Jersey. The U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey has jurisdiction over all cases prosecuted by the U.S. attorney. The office has been vacant since Alina Habba resigned on December 8, 2025, following a ruling that her appointment was unlawful.

Governor of New Jersey
The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor's office is located inside the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey unique in having the executive's office located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable as one of the few states in which the governor's official residence is not located in the state capital.

The first and longest-serving governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. A. Harry Moore remains the longest-serving popularly elected governor. The current and 57th governor is Mikie Sherrill, a Democrat who assumed office on January 20, 2026.
U. S. Steel Košice, s.r.o.
U. S. Steel Košice, s.r.o. is a steel company located in Šaca, Košice, Slovakia.

The company is descended from the former communist-era company Východoslovenské železiarne (VSŽ) Košice (East Slovak Ironworks, Košice), founded in 1959 and privatized in 2000 when U.S. Steel bought the company.

Společnost s ručením omezeným
Společnost s ručením omezeným (lit. ‘company with limited liability’) is the Czech and Slovak legal structure for a private limited company (as it is known in the United Kingdom) or a LLC (as it is known in the United States). The commercial name of a limited liability company must include the designation “společnost s ručením omezeným” (Czech) or “spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným” (Slovak), (e.g. “limited liability company”), or in abbreviated forms, to wit: “spol. s r. o.” or “s. r. o.”.
Place Jean-Paul Riopelle
Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle is a public square located in the Quartier international of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The square is bordered to the south by Saint Antoine Street West and the 27-storey château-style InterContinental Hotel, to the east is Bleury Street and the Palais des congrès de Montréal, to the west is the CDP Capital Centre and to the north is Viger Avenue West.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Chinese Docking Mechanism
The Chinese Docking Mechanism is a spacecraft docking mechanism based on the Androgynous Peripheral Attach System (APAS). There have been contradicting reports by the Chinese on its compatibility with APAS. It is used by Shenzhou spacecraft, beginning with an uncrewed Shenzhou 8, to dock to Tiangong-1. Subsequent crewed missions docked with the Tiangong-1, Tiangong-2 and the Tiangong space station. Similar docking mechanism was also introduced to the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft. Tianzhou 1 was the first cargo spacecraft which docked with the Tiangong-2. It has a circular transfer passage that has a diameter of 800 mm (31 in). The androgynous variant has a mass of 310 kg and the non-androgynous variant has a mass of 200 kg.

Shenzhou 8
Shenzhou 8 (Chinese: 神舟八号) was an uncrewed flight of China's Shenzhou program, launched on 31 October 2011 UTC, or 1 November 2011 in China, by a Long March 2F rocket which lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

The Shenzhou 8 spacecraft was automatically docked with the Tiangong-1 space module (launched on 29 September 2011) on 3 November 2011 and again on 14 November 2011. This uncrewed docking – China's first – was followed in 2012 with the crewed Shenzhou 9 mission, which performed a crewed docking (also China's first) with the Tiangong-1 module. Only the Soviet Union (Russia), Japan and the European Space Agency (ESA) had achieved automatic rendezvous and docking prior to China's accomplishment.
Abduction of Russian diplomats in Iraq
The 2006 abduction of Russian diplomats in Iraq took place on June 3, 2006, in Baghdad, Iraq when Iraqi insurgents ambushed a car belonging to the Russian Embassy.
Vitaly Titov, (a security guard), was killed in the attack and the other four people in the car – Fyodor Zaitsev (the embassy Third Secretary), Rinat Agliuglin (a cook), Oleg Fedoseyev (a security guard), and Anatoly Smirnov (a driver) – were abducted.

On June 19, 2006, the Mujahedeen Shura Council, a group affiliated with al Qaeda, claimed responsibility for the attack and issuing an ultimatum to Russia to withdraw from Chechnya and release all Muslim prisoners within 48 hours.  On June 25, the group issued a statement that it had beheaded three of the hostages and shot to death the fourth.  The statement was accompanied by a video showing a few seconds of the beheading of one hostage, the beheaded corpse of a second hostage, and the shooting of a third. The execution of the fourth hostage is not shown.

Diplomatic rank
Diplomatic rank is a system of professional and social rank used in the world of diplomacy and international relations. A diplomat's rank determines many ceremonial details, such as the order of precedence at official processions, table seatings at state dinners, the person to whom diplomatic credentials should be presented, and the title by which the diplomat should be addressed.
Apronal
Apronal (brand name Sedormid), or apronalide, also known as allylisopropylacetylurea or allylisopropylacetylcarbamide, is a hypnotic/sedative drug of the ureide (acylurea) group synthesized in 1926 by Hoffmann-La Roche. Though it is not a barbiturate, apronal is similar in structure to the barbiturates (being an open-chain carbamide instead of having a heterocyclic ring). In accordance, it is similar in action to the barbiturates, although considerably milder in comparison (formerly used as a daytime sedative at doses of 1 to 2 grams every 3 to 4 hours). Upon the finding that it caused patients to develop thrombocytopenic purpura, apronal was withdrawn from clinical use.

Medicines with apronal are no longer used except in Japan and South Korea. Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration issued a safety alert in May 2023 which prohibits the sale, supply and use of Japanese EVE-branded products in Australia due to its dangerous side effects.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.