hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank J. Aquila
Frank J. Aquila is an American corporate lawyer. His practice focuses on mergers and acquisitions and corporate governance matters.

Aquila serves as partner at prominent New York City law firm Sullivan & Cromwell and played a crucial role as lead counsel to InBev in their 2008 unsolicited acquisition of Anheuser-Busch, the largest all-cash acquisition ever.

Aquila is frequently quoted in the media on complex negotiation issues. He has appeared on CNBC, Fox Business, Bloomberg Television, and Bloomberg Radio. He is a frequent author and has been a columnist for Bloomberg Businessweek, and the New York Times DealBook blog.

Fox Business
Fox Business (officially known as Fox Business Network, or FBN) is an American business news channel and website publication owned by the Fox News Media division of Fox Corporation. The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in Midtown Manhattan. Launched on October 15, 2007, the network features trading day coverage and a nightly lineup of opinion-based talk shows.

Day-to-day operations are run by Kevin Magee, executive vice president of Fox News; Neil Cavuto was the vice president and managing editor for the network and business news operation overall.

As of February 2015, Fox Business Network is available to approximately 74,224,000 pay television households (63.8% of households with television) in the United States.
Postage stamps and postal history of Tanzania
The story of the postage stamps and postal history of Tanzania begins with German East Africa, which was occupied by British forces during World War I. After the war, the territory came under British rule, was named Tanganyika and issued stamps under that name until after a union with Zanzibar in 1964.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Mengkuang Dam
Mengkuang Dam is a dam in Central Seberang Perai District, Penang, Malaysia. It is the only dam situated in Seberang Perai (Penang Mainland) and the second dam built in Penang after Ayer Itam dam. It was officially opened by the former governor, Dr. Tun Awang bin Hassan in 1985. It has the water catchment area of 3.9 km2 (1.5 sq mi) and a gross storage capacity of 23.6 billion litres (5.2×109 imp gal; 6.2×109 US gal), making it the largest dam in Penang, almost 10 times the capacity of the Ayer Itam Dam. Mengkuang Dam closed to the public from August 1, 2011, until July 31, 2016, for enlargement and renovation. The US$200 million enlargement includes increasing the height of the dam by 11 m (36 ft) and its length 1.7 km (1.1 mi) to the west. A new intake and spillway will also be added.

Awang Hassan
Awang bin Hassan (Jawi: اواڠ بن حسن; 9 November 1910 – 12 September 1998) was a Malaysian politician and doctor who served as the 5th Governor of Penang from 1981 until his retirement in 1989. He had previously served as the 7th Malaysian High Commissioner to Australia from 1973 to 1980.
Igbo rap
Igbo rap is a Nigerian style of hip hop music that originated in the Igbo-dominated southeastern region of Nigeria and has become more popular since 2000. The style draws its main influences from Igbo traditional music and African American music. Aside other derived styles, it can be combined with highlife, R&B and afro-soul. Most artists and groups who perform Igbo rap usually deliver their lyrics in the Igbo language, although on some occasions, Igbo is blended with Pidgin English.

Early pioneers in the scene include Mr Raw, MC Loph, and 2Shotz. Today, many musical acts like Phyno, Ugoccie, Zoro, and Jeriq are considered Igbo rap artists.

Zoro (musician)
Owoh Chimaobi Chrismathner Listenⓘ (born 20 March 1990) professional known by his stage name Zoro or Zoro Swagbag, is a Nigerian rapper and singer who raps in Igbo language. Zoro was born and raised in Onitsha, Anambra State but is a native of Agwu, Enugu State.
Rutkiewicz
Rutkiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [rutˈkievitʂ]) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Beata Rutkiewicz (born 1977), Polish politician

Jan Rutkiewicz (born 1944), Polish architect

Kevin Rutkiewicz (born 1980), Scottish footballer

Marek Rutkiewicz (born 1981), Polish cyclist

Maria Rutkiewicz (1917–2007), Polish communist

Wanda Rutkiewicz (1943–1992), Polish mountain climber

Kevin Rutkiewicz
Kevin Rutkiewicz (born 10 May 1980) is a Scottish football coach and former player. He managed Scottish League Two club Stirling Albion and Lowland League side East Kilbride and played as a defender for Aberdeen, St Johnstone, Dunfermline Athletic, Greenock Morton, East Fife and American club Carolina RailHawks.
Chivruay Pass incident
The Chivruay Pass incident (Russian: Чивруайская трагедия, transl. Chivruay tragedy) is the death of ten ski hikers in the Lovozero Massif in the Soviet Union between 27 and 28 January 1973. The trekking group, who were all from the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute, had been hiking the slopes of Lovozero Massif in an area of Chivruay Pass.

After the group's bodies were discovered, an investigation by Soviet Union authorities determined that all ten had died from hypothermia.

Samara University (Russia)
Samara University, officially Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev,  (Russian: Самарский национальный исследовательский университет имени академика С. П. Королёва) is a public university located in Samara, Russia. In 2022, it was ranked #581 in the world by QS World University Rankings, #1,201 in the world by World University Rankings by Times Higher Education, and #1,579 in the world by Webometrics.
Brother André (film)
Brother André (French: Le Frère André) is a Canadian biographical drama film, directed by Jean-Claude Labrecque and released in 1987. The film centres on the life of André Bessette (Marc Legault), a Roman Catholic lay brother who was widely credited with many miraculous healings, centring in particular on his interaction with his niece Marie-Esther (Sylvie Ferlatte) following a Eucharistic Congress in 1910.

The film's cast also includes Jean Coutu, Raymond Cloutier, André Cailloux, Michel Cailloux, René Caron, Guy Provost, Guy Thauvette, Linda Sorgini, Diane Lavallée, Jean-Pierre Bergeron and Guillaume Lemay-Thivierge.

The film received three Genie Award nominations at the 9th Genie Awards in 1988, for Best Art Direction/Production Design (Ronald Fauteux), Best Costume Design (Denis Sperdouklis) and Best Sound Editing (Diane Boucher, Marcel Pothier, Viateur Paiement, Jo Caron and Antoine Morin).

Diane Lavallée
Diane Lavallée (born November 30, 1955) is a Canadian film and television actress from Montreal, Quebec. She is most noted for her performance as Sister Lise in the 2015 film The Passion of Augustine (La Passion d'Augustine), for which she won the Prix Iris for Best Supporting Actress at the 18th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2016.

She was previously nominated in the same category at the 8th Jutra Awards in 2006 for her role as Alice Norchet in The Rocket (Maurice Richard).

From her prior marriage to actor Marcel Leboeuf, she is the mother of actress Laurence Leboeuf.
New Haven Gymnasium
New Haven Gymnasium was a brief-lived boarding school for boys in New Haven, Connecticut, founded on the German plan by two sons of Timothy Dwight, Sereno Edwards Dwight (1786-1850) and Henry Edwin Dwight (1797-1832). Henry had become an admirer of the German education system during two years study in Germany, at the Universities of Gottingen and Berlin, and following his return from Germany a prospectus for the school was issued in 1827, and the New Haven Gymnasium opened in 1828. The school closed in 1831 due to the poor health of the Dwight brothers, and Henry Dwight died in 1832.

Stiles French was employed there as a mathematics instructor, and following its closure joined the Round Hill School, which was also operating on the German model. He later returned to New Haven to found the New Haven Collegiate and Commercial Institute.

Round Hill School
The Round Hill School for Boys was a short-lived experimental school in Northampton, Massachusetts. It was founded by George Bancroft and Joseph Cogswell in 1823. Though it failed as a viable venture — it closed in 1834 — it was an early effort to elevate secondary education in the United States for the sons of the New England elite. The incompatibility of the two founders was a fundamental cause of the eventual dissolution of the project.
Sherman L. Kiser
Sherman Leo Kiser (31 Aug 1889, Huntington County, Indiana–24 Mar 1974, Fort Myers Beach, Lee, Florida) was a US Army officer.  He is famous in Philippine Boy Scouting history as the founder of the defunct Lorillard Spencer Troop, an early Boy Scout Troop in the Philippines, and is mentioned in every account of Philippine Boy Scouts history.

Pettit Barracks
Pettit Barracks was located in Zamboanga City (Mindanao, the Philippines) and, along with Camp John Hay, was the location of the US Army's 43d Infantry Regiment (PS). It is located at the east edge of the city and housed US Army officers and their families. The barracks was once considered the US Army's most distant post.

In 1974, the Zamboanga Barter Traders Kilusang Bayan Inc. established a barter trade market in the area.
Siege of Shimabara Castle
The siege of Shimabara Castle (December 12, 1637-January 8, 1638) was an unsuccessful siege of the Shimabara Castle by rebel peasants and ronin during Shimabara Rebellion. Although the castle garrison was too weak to defend the castle town, which was completely looted and burned down, the numerically superior rebels were not able to storm the heavily fortified citadel. After a siege that lasted for 20 days, the news of an upcoming Shogunate army forced the rebel forces to retreat to the south, where they fortified themselves in the dilapidated Hara Castle.

Hara Castle
The Hara Castle (原城, Hara-jō)  was a Sengoku period Japanese castle cemetery located in the Minami-Arima neighbourhood of city of Minamishimabara, Nagasaki Prefecture Japan. Its ruins were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1938.
W. L. Holman Car Company
W. L. Holman Car Company was a streetcar and cable car manufacturer based in San Francisco, California. It mainly built equipment for rail operation, including San Francisco Municipal Railway's first publicly owned streetcar, and some of the cable cars still operating on San Francisco's California Street line. Holman also constructed heavy interurban coaches and combines (combined passenger and freight-express cars) that ran on inland California electric railroads including Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railroad, Sacramento Northern Railway, and Central California Traction Company, as well as the Sierra Railroad, a Common Carrier line which operated out of Jamestown, California.

Holman declared bankruptcy in 1914. Some classic Holman cars are in the possession of the Western Railway Museum at Rio Vista, California. Another example is Ocean Shore Railroad passenger car 1409 currently under restoration by the Pacifica Historical Society.

Cable car (railway)
A cable car (usually known as a cable tram outside North America) is a type of cable railway used for mass transit in which rail cars are hauled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. Individual cars stop and start by releasing and gripping this cable as required. Cable cars are distinct from funiculars, where the cars are permanently attached to the cable.
Skiffe's Creek
37°12′27″N 76°35′28″W﻿ / ﻿37.20750°N 76.59111°W﻿ / 37.20750; -76.59111

Skiffe's Creek is located in James City County and the independent city of Newport News in the Virginia Peninsula area of the Hampton Roads region of southeastern Virginia in the United States. It is a tributary of the James River.

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (reporting marks C&O, CO) was a Class I railroad formed in 1869 in Virginia from several smaller Virginia railroads begun in the 19th century. Led by industrialist Collis Potter Huntington, it reached from Virginia's capital city of Richmond to the Ohio River by 1873, where the railroad town (and later city) of Huntington, West Virginia, was named for him.
Jamie Sparks
Jamie Sparks (born 11 January 1992), is a British ocean rower and adventurer. On 27 January 2014 he, alongside fellow Briton Luke Birch, became the Guinness world record holders for the youngest pair to row across any ocean. In 2014, Sparks skippered the first ever unsupported row from Exmouth, Australia to the Seychelles.  Sparks and his crew, consisting of Angus Collins, Hamish Khayat and Alex Simpson, were at sea for 71 days.

Ocean rowing
Ocean rowing is the sport of rowing across oceans. Some ocean rowing boats can hold as many as fourteen rowers; however, the most common ocean rowboats are designed for singles, doubles, and fours.

The history of ocean rowing is divided into two eras by the Ocean Rowing Society International, the official adjudicator of ocean rowing records for Guinness World Records. The first fourteen ocean rows, up to and including 1981, are considered historic ocean rows as they were completed with very limited, if any, modern technology. All subsequent rows are described as modern-day rows.
Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 kilometres
The men's 100 kilometres was one of five track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first race held, on 8 April. It required cyclists to complete 300 circuits of the track. Nine cyclists from five nations competed. The event was won by Léon Flameng of France, with Georgios Kolettis of Greece coming in second.

Cycling at the 1896 Summer Olympics
At the 1896 Summer Olympics, six cycling events were contested at the Neo Phaliron Velodrome.  They were organized and prepared by the Sub-Committee for Cycling.  Events were held on 8 April, 11 April, 12 April and 13 April 1896.  Nineteen cyclists, all men, from five nations competed.
The Greater Journey
The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris is a 2011 non-fiction book by the Pulitzer Prize-winning author David McCullough. In a departure from McCullough's previous works, Founding Fathers like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, who spent time in Paris, are not covered. Instead, the book is about 19th-century Americans like James Fenimore Cooper and Samuel Morse, who migrated to Paris and went on to achieve importance in culture or innovation. Other subjects include Elihu Washburne, the American ambassador to France during the Franco-Prussian War, Elizabeth Blackwell, the first female doctor in the United States, Charles Sumner who studied at the Sorbonne and went on to become an American politician, and American artists who worked in Paris such as George Healy, Mary Cassatt, and Augustus Saint-Gaudens.

Mary Cassatt
Mary Stevenson Cassatt (/kəˈsæt/; May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. She was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh's North Side), but lived much of her adult life in France, where she befriended Edgar Degas and exhibited with the Impressionists. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children.

She was described by Gustave Geffroy as one of "les trois grandes dames" (the three great ladies) of Impressionism alongside Marie Bracquemond and Berthe Morisot. In 1879,  Diego Martelli compared her to Degas, as they both sought to depict movement, light, and design in the most modern sense. She also played an important role in introducing Impressionism to American collectors, notably through her friendship with the Havemeyer family.
Bystrowisuchus
Bystrowisuchus is an extinct genus of ctenosauriscid pseudosuchian archosaur from the Early Triassic of European Russia. Fossils have been found in the Olenekian-age Lipovskaya Formation in Ilovlinsky District. The type species is Bystrowisuchus flerovi.

Olenekian
In the geologic timescale, the Olenekian is an age in the Early Triassic epoch; in chronostratigraphy, it is a stage in the Lower Triassic series. It spans the time between 249.9 Ma and 246.7 Ma (million years ago). The Olenekian is sometimes divided into the Smithian and the Spathian subages or substages. The Olenekian follows the Induan and is followed by the Anisian (Middle Triassic).

The Olenekian saw the deposition of a large part of the Buntsandstein in Europe. The Olenekian is roughly coeval with the regional Yongningzhenian Stage used in China.
Low Pass, Oregon
Low Pass is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States, on the Long Tom River, 5 miles (8 km) east of Blachly and 11 miles (18 km) west of Cheshire.

The settlement is centered on a small pullout on Oregon Route 36 with a gas station/convenience store and a diner that serves as an unofficial community center for rural residents.

The settlement is named for its location on a slight rise approaching the foothills of the Coast Range mountains, in contrast to the nearby mountain pass High Pass. Much of the land west of Low Pass consists of old-growth forest owned by the Bureau of Land Management.

The community has also been known as "Long Tom Station" after the nearby river; the name "Low Pass" was made official by a United States Board on Geographic Names decision of 1985.

Foothills
Foothills or piedmont are geographically defined as gradual increases in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area. They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills and the adjacent topographically higher mountains, hills, and uplands.  Frequently foothills consist of alluvial fans, coalesced alluvial fans, and dissected plateaus.
Naka, Tokushima
Naka (那賀町, Naka-chō) is a town located in Naka District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022, the town had an estimated population of 7,597 in 3734 households and a population density of 11 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 694.98 square kilometres (268.33 sq mi).

Tsurugisan Quasi-National Park
Tsurugisan Quasi-National Park (剣山国定公園, Tsurugisan kokutei kōen) is a Quasi-National Park that spans the borders of Tokushima and Kōchi Prefectures, Japan. It was founded on 3 March 1964 and has an area of 209.6 km2 (80.9 sq mi). Within Tokushima Prefecture, the park includes a stretch of the Yoshino River and the Iya Valley.

Past archaeological digs in Mt. Tsurugi revealed stone artifacts, paving stones, brick arches, complex series of tunnels, marble corridors and human mummies. The origin of these artifacts are unknown.
De natis ultra mare
De natis ultra mare (25 Edw. 3. Stat. 1), also known as the Status of Children Born Abroad Act 1350, was an English statute during the reign of Edward III. It regulated rights of those born overseas, and was an early precursor of British nationality law, and others. Dating from 1351, during the early part of the Hundred Years' War, it addressed the issue of inheritance by foreign-born children, a topical problem.

This statute of 25 Edw. 3 was invoked over 200 years later, in two matters; in the first of those, it did not prove effective since the outcome went in the other direction, but in the second it was significant. In the debate on the succession to Elizabeth I, it was thought by some to be telling against claimants of the House of Stuart. In Calvin's Case, it was also brought up, to argue against the proposed right of inheritance in England of the Scottish post-nati (those born after the Union of Crowns of 1603).

Union of the Crowns
The Union of the Crowns (Scottish Gaelic: Aonadh nan Crùintean; Scots: Union o the Crouns) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the thrones of England and Ireland as James I on 24 March 1603, and the consequent formation of a personal union between the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It followed the death of James's cousin, Elizabeth I of England, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.

England, Scotland, and Ireland remained separate states with separate parliaments until the Acts of Union of 1707 united England and Scotland into a unitary Kingdom of Great Britain; Ireland retained a legally separate Crown and Parliament, albeit as a practical dependency, until 1801. However, there was a republican interregnum in the 1650s, during which the Tender of Union of Oliver Cromwell created the Commonwealth of England and Scotland, which ended with the Stuart Restoration.
First-in-class medication
A first-in-class medication is a prototype drug that uses a "new and unique mechanism of action" to treat a particular medical condition. While the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research tracks first-in-class medications and reports on them annually, first-in-class is not considered a regulatory category. Although many first-in-class medications qualify as breakthrough therapies, Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapies and/or orphan drugs, first-in-class status itself has no regulatory effect.

Prototype drug
In pharmacology and pharmaceutics, a prototype drug is an individual drug that represents a drug class – group of medications having similar chemical structures, mechanism of action and mode of action. Prototypes are the most important, and typically the first developed drugs within the class, and are used as a reference to which all other drugs are compared.
House of Ligne
The House of Ligne is one of the oldest Belgian noble families, dating back to the eleventh century. The family's name comes from the village of Ligne where it originated, between Ath and Tournai in what is now the Hainaut province of Belgium.

La Trémoille family
The House of La Trémoïlle (Maison de La Trémoille in French) was an ancient French noble family from Poitou whose name comes from the village La Trimouille in the department of Vienne. This family has been known since the middle of the 11th century, and since the 14th century its members have been conspicuous in French history as nobles, military leaders and crusaders, and influential as political leaders, diplomats, Huguenots and courtiers. The male line of the family died out in 1933, while female line heirs of the last Duke have kept the La Trémoïlle surname alive in both France and Belgium.
Geufer
Geufer Rafael Hallmann known as Geufer born on 6 December 1980 in Estância Velha, Brazil is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Portuguese team Camacha as a striker in the Portuguese Second Division Serie A. His previous clubs include Juventude, São Bento, União Leiria, União Madeira, Fortaleza, Nacional and Villa Nova.

Esporte Clube Juventude
Esporte Clube Juventude (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [isˈpɔʁtʃi ˈklubi ʒuvẽˈtudʒi]), or simply Juventude, is a Brazilian football club in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. The club currently competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, the second tier of Brazilian football, as well as in Campeonato Gaúcho, the Rio Grande do Sul state football league. Major titles won by the club include the 1999 Copa do Brasil, the 1994 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B and the 1998 Campeonato Gaúcho. Their greatest rival is Caxias, with whom it contests the Caxias do Sul derby, also known as Ca–Ju.