hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phil Pavlov
Phil Pavlov (born May 26, 1963) is a former Republican member of the Michigan Senate, representing the 25th district (Huron, Sanilac, and St. Clair counties and the northeast corner of Macomb County) from 2011 until 2018. He previously served three terms in the House of Representatives, and, for one term, was a member of the St. Clair County Board of Commissioners.

Pavlov ran for the United States House of Representatives seat from the Michigan's 10th congressional district, following Candice Miller's decision not to run for reelection. He lost the Republican primary election to Paul Mitchell.

In June, 2018, Pavlov voted to give senior citizens the option of a capped auto-insurance policy.

Vehicle insurance
Vehicle insurance (also known as car insurance, motor insurance, or auto insurance) is insurance for cars, trucks, motorcycles, and other road vehicles. Its primary use is to provide financial protection against physical damage or bodily injury resulting from traffic collisions and against liability that could also arise from incidents in a vehicle. Vehicle insurance may additionally offer financial protection against theft of the vehicle, and against damage to the vehicle sustained from events other than traffic collisions, such as vandalism, weather or natural disasters, and damage sustained by colliding with stationary objects. The specific terms of vehicle insurance vary with legal regulations in each region.
Annelie Karlsson
Annelie Mona Karlsson (born 1965) is a Swedish Social Democratic Party politician who was a Member of the Riksdag for the period 2010–2018, representing the Skåne Northern and Eastern constituency. She is the parliamentary group leader of the SAP in the Riksdag since January 2019, succeeding Anders Ygeman.

She lives in Kristianstad.

Skåne County Northern and Eastern
Skåne Northern and Eastern is one of the multi-member constituencies of the Riksdag, the national legislature of Sweden. As of the 2018 Swedish general election, Skåne Northern and Eastern elected 11 of the 349 members of the Riksdag.

Skåne Northern and Eastern contains 13 municipalities: Båstad, Ängelholm, Klippan, Hässleholm, Osby, Åstorp, Perstorp, Örkelljunga, Östra Göinge, Bromölla, Kristianstad, Tomelilla and Simrishamn.

Skåne Northern and Eastern is one of the four constituencies in Skåne County, along with Skåne Southern, Skåne Western and Malmö Municipality.

Skåne Northern and Eastern was the most right-wing constituency in Sweden in the 2022 general election, with Kristersson’s bloc receiving 61.6% of the vote there.
Quijada (surname)
Quijada is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfonso Quijada Urías (born 1940), Salvadoran poet and author

Brian Quijada, Salvadoran-American actor, playwright, musician and a solo performer

Felipe Flores Quijada (born 1977), Chilean footballer

John Quijada (born 1959), American linguist, creator of Ithkuil

Jonathan Quijada (born 1995), Venezuelan volleyball player

José Quijada (born 1995), Venezuelan baseball player

José Bernardino Quijada (1848-?), Chilean educator

Reinaldo Quijada (born 1959), Venezuelan engineer and politician

Rubert Quijada (born 1989), Venezuelan footballer.

Brian Quijada
Brian Quijada is a Salvadoran-American actor, playwright, musician, and a solo performer, known for his multimedia theatrical works involving topics on immigration, humanity, identity, and American experience incorporated with Latinx childhood.
Robert Rynasiewicz
Robert Rynasiewicz is a professor of philosophy at Johns Hopkins University and an adjunct professor in philosophy and the Committee on History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Maryland.

Rynasiewicz earned his ScB. in physics from Brown University, and his PhD from the University of Minnesota. He has held NSF, NEH, and Mellon fellowships.

His research interests include Philosophy of Physics, Logic, Philosophy of Language, and Philosophy of psychology. His publications have chiefly addressed the history and foundations of space-time physics.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Walter Butler Wilkinson
Walter Butler Wilkinson (1781 – September 1807) was a political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in 1781, the son of Richard Norton Wilkinson. He studied law, was called to the bar, and settled in Cornwall. In 1804, he was elected to represent Glengarry and Prescott in the 4th Parliament of Upper Canada. He died in 1807 while still in office.

4th Parliament of Upper Canada
The 4th Parliament of Upper Canada was opened 1 February 1805.  Elections in Upper Canada had been held in May 1804.  All sessions were held at Parliament Buildings of Upper Canada in York, Upper Canada.  This parliament was dissolved 21 May 1808.

This House of Assembly of the 4th Parliament of Upper Canada had four sessions 1 February 1805 to 16 March 1808:
Zarli Carigiet
Zarli Carigiet (5 August 1907 – 6 May 1981) was a Swiss actor and comedian. He was a member of the satirical Cabaret Cornichon and starred in movies by directors such as Leopold Lindtberg, Franz Schnyder, and Kurt Früh. He was the younger brother of the artist and illustrator Alois Carigiet.

Leopold Lindtberg
Leopold Lindtberg (born in Vienna on 1 June 1902; died in Sils im Engadin/Segl on 18 April 1984) was an Austrian Swiss film and theatre director. He fled Austria due to the Machtergreifung in Germany and ultimately settled in Switzerland.

His sister Hedwig was married to the Austrian/American musicologist Felix Salzer.
Masahiro Kobayashi (actor)
Masahiro Kobayashi (小林 正寛, Kobayashi Masahiro; born May 16, 1971) is a retired Japanese actor and voice actor from Yakumo, Hokkaido. In 1995, he enrolled in the Seinenza Theater Company. Kobayashi's notable roles include Barret Wallace, and Ryid Uruk from the Final Fantasy video game series. He retired from the acting industry sometime after the release of Final Fantasy VII Remake.

Seinenza Theater Company
The Seinenza Theater Company (劇団青年座, Gekidan Seinenza) is a Japanese theatre company located in Shibuya, Tokyo. It was founded on December 17, 1954 and stages Shingeki plays. Many of its actors have gone on to become voice actors for anime productions.
Kingdom of Hadhramaut
Ḥaḍramawt (Hadrami: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩, romanized: ḤḌRMT; Sabaic, Minaic, Qatabānic: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩥𐩩, romanized: ḤḌRMWT) was an ancient South Semitic-speaking kingdom of South Arabia (ancient Yemen) which existed from the early 1st millennium BCE till the late 3rd century CE in the area currently named after it in the region of the Ṣayhad desert.

The kingdom of Ḥaḍramawt was one of the six ancient South Arabian kingdoms of ancient Yemen, along with Sabaʾ, Maʿīn, Qatabān, Ḥimyar, and Awsān. Little is known about Ḥaḍramawt compared to the other early South Arabian states.

Sabaic
Sabaic, sometimes referred to as Sabaean, was a Sayhadic language that was spoken between c. 1000 BC and the 6th century AD by the Sabaeans. It was used as a written language by some other peoples of the ancient civilization of South Arabia, including the Ḥimyarites, Ḥashidites, Ṣirwāḥites, Humlanites, Ghaymānites, and Radmānites. Sabaic belongs to the South Arabian Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Sabaic is distinguished from the other members of the Sayhadic group by its use of h to mark the third person and as a causative prefix; all of the other languages use s1 in those cases. Therefore, Sabaic is called an h-language and the others s-languages. Numerous other Sabaic inscriptions have also been found dating back to the Sabean colonization of Africa.

Sabaic is very similar to Arabic and the languages may have been mutually intelligible.
Oxford Circus panic
The Oxford Circus panic, or Oxford Street panic, was a stampede in Oxford Circus tube station and surrounding streets in London, United Kingdom, around 16:38 GMT on Friday 24 November 2017 in which 16 people were injured.

The incident began with false reports of gunshots after a fight between two people on the Central line platform at Oxford Circus station. Since the panic coincided with Black Friday sales and the Christmas shopping season, the streets of Oxford Street and Regent Street were full of shoppers. Many shops barricaded their doors, and the police issued warnings for people in Oxford Street to seek shelter immediately.

In the resulting panic, several people were injured by falls and trampling, nine seriously enough to require hospital treatment. By 18:05 GMT, the police had declared that there had been no gunshots or terrorism, which ended the incident.

Stampede
A stampede (/stæmˈpiːd/) is a situation in which a group of large animals suddenly start running in the same direction, especially because they are excited or frightened. Although the term is most often applied to animals, there are cases of humans stampeding from danger too.
Black Hawk State Historic Site
The Black Hawk State Historic Site, in Rock Island, Illinois, is adjacent to the historic site of the village of Saukenuk, the home of a band of the Sauk people. It includes the John Hauberg Museum of Native American Life. The state park is located on a 150-foot (50 m) bluff overlooking the Rock River in western Illinois. It is most famous for being the birthplace of the Sauk warrior Black Hawk. The disputed cession of this area to the U.S. Government was the catalyst for the Black Hawk War.

Rock River (Mississippi River tributary)
The Rock River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 299 miles (481 km) long, in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Illinois. The river was known as the Sinnissippi to the Sauk and Meskwaki peoples; the name means "rocky waters".
Ymer
Ymer can mean:

Ymer (dairy product), a Danish soured milk product

Ymer (1976 icebreaker), a Swedish icebreaker

Ymer, the first modern housing cooperative in Uppsala, Sweden

Ymer (journal), a Swedish yearbook on geography published since 1881

Ymer Island, East Greenland

Ymer Nunatak, Northeast Greenland

Ymerbukta, Svalbard

Ymerbukta
Ymerbukta is a bay in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier Esmarkbreen debouches into the bay. It is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long, located at the northern side of Isfjorden. The bay is separated from Trygghamna by the mountain chain Värmlandryggen.

Ymerbukta is part of the larger Isfjorden system, one of the principal fjords of western Spitsbergen. The bay is characterized by Arctic tundra landscapes and glacially carved terrain, with Esmarkbreen being one of several tidewater glaciers in the region. Due to its relatively accessible location near Longyearbyen, Ymerbukta is occasionally visited for scientific research and Arctic tourism activities such as glacier observation and hiking. The surrounding area is sparsely populated and falls within the Svalbard environmental protection framework, which regulates human activity to preserve fragile Arctic ecosystems.
Kalapati
"Kalapati" (lit. 'Dove') is the 20th episode of the 18th season of the Filipino drama anthology series Maalaala Mo Kaya (MMK), and is the first of two parts of "The Ninoy & Cory Aquino Story". Written by Joan Habana and directed by filmmaker Jeffrey Jeturian, it first aired on ABS-CBN in the Philippines on January 23, 2010. ABS-CBN teamed with Swatch and collaborated with Jaime Zobel de Ayala and the Ninoy & Cory Aquino Foundation to bring the project to fruition.

Jaime Zobel de Ayala
Jaime Pfitz Zóbel de Ayala GCLH (born July 18, 1934), also known as Jaime Zóbel, is a Filipino businessman who was the chairman of the Ayala Corporation from 1984 to 2006, and its president from 1984 to 1994. Presently, he holds the honorary title of "chairman emeritus".

Zóbel served as the Ambassador of the Republic of the Philippines to the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1975. He is also an art photographer and the first Filipino photographer to be given a Licentiate by the Royal Photographic Society of the United Kingdom.

Zóbel and his wife Beatriz Barcon Miranda are parents to the current Ayala clan branch that are directors of Ayala Corporation.
Ottawa station (Rock Island Line)
Ottawa station was a Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad station in Ottawa, Illinois. It was located just east of Columbus Street and on the south side of the track. The building had the same design as Rock Island Line stations in Iowa City and Council Bluffs, Iowa. The station is east of a junction with the Illinois Railway (former CB&Q branch line to Streator). The still standing station house is used for CSX maintenance of way vehicles.

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
The original Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (CRI&P RW, sometimes called Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway) (reporting marks CRI&P, RI, ROCK) was an American Class I railroad. It was also known as the Rock Island Line, or, in its final years, The Rock.

At the end of 1970, it operated 7,183 miles of road on 10,669 miles of track; that year it reported 20,557 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 118 million passenger miles. (Those totals may or may not include the former Burlington-Rock Island Railroad.)

"Rock Island Line", a folk song from the late 1920s, first recorded in 1934, was inspired by the railway.
Moneasa (river)
The Moneasa is a river in Bihor County and Arad County, Romania. At its confluence with the river Dezna in the village Dezna, the river Sebiș is formed. Its length is 19 km (12 mi) and its basin size is 81 km2 (31 sq mi).

Bihor County
Bihor County (Romanian pronunciation: [biˈhor] ⓘ, Hungarian: Bihar megye) is a county (județ) in western Romania. With a total area of 7,544 km2 (2,913 sq mi), Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea (Nagyvárad).
Geto Heaven Remix T.S.O.I. (The Sound of Illadelph)
"Geto Heaven Remix T.S.O.I. (The Sound of Illadelph)" is the third single from rapper Common's 2000 album Like Water for Chocolate. It features Macy Gray and was produced by Questlove and James Poyser, both of whom are members of the Soulquarians. Its title is a reference to MFSB's 1974 "TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)"; it contains positive lyrics that are pro-woman and slightly religious. It is featured on the alternate release of Like Water for Chocolate, but on the original pressing, a song named "Geto Heaven Part 2" is found instead. "Geto Heaven Part 2" features D'Angelo and was originally intended to be on the latter's 2000 album Voodoo. The remix reached number sixty-one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. A music video directed by Nzingha Stewart was made for the remix.

MFSB
MFSB, officially standing for "Mother Father Sister Brother", was a pool of more than 30 studio musicians based at Philadelphia's Sigma Sound Studios. They worked closely with the production team of Gamble and Huff and producer/arranger Thom Bell, and backed up Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, the O'Jays, the Stylistics, the Spinners, Wilson Pickett, and Billy Paul.

In 1972, MFSB began recording as a named act for the Philadelphia International label. "TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)", also known as the Soul Train theme, was their second and most successful single. Released in March 1974, it peaked at number one on the US Billboard pop and R&B charts. "TSOP" was influential in establishing the disco sound. The track sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in April 1974.
Treadle bicycle
A treadle bicycle is a bicycle powered by a treadle instead of the more common crank. Treadles were one of the mechanisms inventors tried in order to position the pedals away from the drive wheel hub before the development of the bicycle chain or instead of it. Treadles have also been used to drive tricycles and quadracycles.

Bicycle chain
A bicycle chain is a roller chain that transfers power from the pedals to the drive-wheel of a bicycle, thus propelling it. Most bicycle chains are made from plain carbon or alloy steel, but some are nickel-plated to prevent rust, or simply for aesthetics.
Neomycin
Neomycin, also known as framycetin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen. It is generally not effective against Gram-positive bacilli and anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Neomycin comes in oral and topical formulations, including creams, ointments, and eyedrops. Neomycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more amino sugars connected by glycosidic bonds.

Neomycin was discovered in 1949 by microbiologist Selman Waksman and his student Hubert Lechevalier at Rutgers University.  Neomycin received approval for medical use in 1952. Rutgers University was granted the patent for neomycin in 1957.

Glycosidic bond
A glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of ether bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.

A glycosidic bond is formed between the hemiacetal or hemiketal group of a saccharide (or a molecule derived from a saccharide) and the hydroxyl group of some compound such as an alcohol. A substance containing a glycosidic bond is a glycoside.

The term 'glycoside' is now extended to also cover compounds with bonds formed between hemiacetal (or hemiketal) groups of sugars and several chemical groups other than hydroxyls, such as -SR (thioglycosides), -SeR (selenoglycosides), -NR1R2 (N-glycosides), or even -CR1R2R3 (C-glycosides).

Particularly in naturally occurring glycosides, the compound ROH from which the carbohydrate residue has been removed is often termed the aglycone, and the carbohydrate residue itself is sometimes referred to as the 'glycone'.
2008–09 I liga
The 2008–09 I liga was the 61st season of the second tier domestic division in the Polish football league system since its establishment in 1949 and the 1st season of the Polish I liga under its current title (new name). Formerly, the league was known as the II liga (while the current II liga was known as the III liga). The league was operated by the Polish Football Association (PZPN).

The league was contested by 18 teams who competing for promotion to the 2009–10 Ekstraklasa. The regular season was played in a round-robin tournament. The champions and runners-up will receive automatic promotion. At the other end, the bottom four teams face automatic demotion to the II liga, while the fate of the 13th and 14th-place finishers will be decided by playoffs.

The season began on 26 July 2008, and concluded on 5 June 2009. After the 19th matchday the league will be on winter break between 16 November 2008 and 13 March 2009.

I liga
The 1 Liga (Pierwsza liga [ˈpjɛrfʂa ˈliɡa], lit. 'First League'), referred to as the Betclic 1 Liga for sponsorship reasons, is the men's second professional association football division of the Polish football league system, below the Ekstraklasa and above the II liga via promotion/relegation systems. It is run by the Polish Football Association (PZPN) since its inception on 30 May 1948. The league was renamed from Second League (II liga) to First League (I liga) in 2008. It is currently contested by 18 teams; from 2002, all clubs onwards must have a licence, issued by the Association.

Before 1939, there were several plans to create a second, national level of Polish football system, but all failed. Instead, there were regional leagues of most Polish provinces, the so-called A Classes (see also Lower Level Football Leagues in Interwar Poland).
Linanthus
Linanthus is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the phlox family Polemoniaceae. The species are found in western North America and in Chile, with the greatest diversity in California.

The stems are erect, with multiple branches arising directly from the base, and grow 2–15 cm tall. The leaves are stem-like (cauline) and opposite, with shapes ranging from entire to palmately lobed, the 3-9 lobes being linear to lanceolate or spatulate. Flowers have a tubular calyx, and the corolla may be funnel- or bell-shaped, or salverform.

The genus name is from the Greek for "flax flower", since the flowers superficially resemble those of flax. The genus has recently been split, with many of the species formerly included now transferred to the genus Leptosiphon (Jepson Manual).

Jessie Milliken
Jessie Milliken (1877–1951) was a botanist noted for identifying several species in the Polemoniaceae family.  She was married to the experimental psychologist Warner Brown.

The standard author abbreviation Milliken is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Castello Brown
Castello Brown is a historic house museum located above the harbour of Portofino, in northern Italy. The site has been used for military defence since Roman times. As a Genoese coastal fort, it was once called the Castello di San Giorgio.

After the region became peaceful in the early 19th century, the Castello was abandoned. Some decades later, it was purchased by the English consul, who remodelled it into a comfortable villa. His descendants held the property until 1949, when it was sold to an English couple who restored several ruined sections. In 1961, the Castello was sold to the City of Portofino, which now opens it to the public.

The castle served as the setting for Elizabeth von Arnim's 1922 novel The Enchanted April, and scenes from the 1991 film adaptation were filmed on site.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Ageleodus
Ageleodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Paleozoic era. It is known from two species, both of which are based upon isolated teeth. A. pectinatus is known from the Carboniferous of Europe and North America. A. altus was described in 2006 from the Carboniferous of Australia. Four teeth from the Tournaisian deposits of Canning Basin probably present another Australian species although their shape is likely caused by physical wear rather than species features. This genus is also known from the Famennian of the Catskill formation at the Red Hill Site in Hyner, Pennsylvania. A study of 382 specimens from the site showed the strong heterodonty of this genus, which varies widely in tooth length and cusp number. This study described them as A. pectinatus, but the paper which described A. altus tentatively labeled them Ageleodus cf. A. altus. While generally considered a chondrichthyan, it has eluded classification into any known order or family.

Famennian
The Famennian is the later of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration is that it lasted from 372.15 million years ago to 358.86 million years ago. It was preceded by the Frasnian stage and followed by the Tournaisian stage.