hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Cup of Tea
The American artist Mary Cassatt painted The Cup of Tea in Paris ca. 1879–1881. The painting depicts Mary's sister Lydia Cassatt in a typical, upper class-Parisian ritual of afternoon tea. Scholars have observed that Cassatt's choice to employ vivid colors, loose brushstrokes, and novel perspective to portray the scene makes it a quintessentially Impressionist painting.

It is unclear when this painting was first exhibited. The painting is mentioned in Edgar Degas’s preliminary list of works for the Impressionist Exhibition of 1879. However, the post-exhibition catalog did not include The Cup of Tea. It was confirmed to have appeared in the Sixth Impressionist Exhibit of 1881 where it received much praise as well as criticism. The painting was later purchased by a retired American banker and friend of the Cassatt family, James Stillman. Today, the painting is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Mary Cassatt
Mary Stevenson Cassatt (/kəˈsæt/; May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. She was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh's North Side), but lived much of her adult life in France, where she befriended Edgar Degas and exhibited with the Impressionists. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children.

She was described by Gustave Geffroy as one of "les trois grandes dames" (the three great ladies) of Impressionism alongside Marie Bracquemond and Berthe Morisot. In 1879,  Diego Martelli compared her to Degas, as they both sought to depict movement, light, and design in the most modern sense. She also played an important role in introducing Impressionism to American collectors, notably through her friendship with the Havemeyer family.
Yuriy Yakovlev (Bulgarian actor)
Yuriy Yakovlev (Bulgarian: Юрий Яковлев; 5 October 1930 – 15 August 2002) was a Bulgarian stage and film actor.

He is probably best known for the role of the research worker Robespier Galabov portrayed by him in the Bulgarian hit movie The Past-Master (1970). His character appears also in the sequels The Past-Master on Excursion (1980) and The Past-Master at the Seaside (1982). Other notable film appearances include Gerlovo Event (1971) directed by Grisha Ostrovski and Farsighted for Two Diopters (1976) written by Mormarevi Brothers.  Yakovlev is also known for the numerous roles on the stage of the Theatre “Salza i Smyah” (Tear and Laughter), Sofia.

In 1979, Yuriy Yakovlev was decorated with the high title “Honoured Artist”.

Grisha Ostrovski
Grisha Ostrovski (Bulgarian: Гриша Островски, 25 May 1918 – 30 April 2007) was a Bulgarian film director. He directed seven films between 1967 and 1979. His 1967 film Detour was entered into the 5th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Special Golden Prize and the Prix FIPRESCI.
Umm Besher
Umm Besher (Arabic: أم بشر; also known as Barwa Village) is a district located in the municipality of Al Wakrah in Qatar, near the municipality's border with Doha.

It borders Al Thumama to the north, Ras Abu Fontas to the east, Al Mashaf to the south and Jery Musabbeh to the west. Barwa Village, a city-scale initiative by Barwa Group, is located here. Completed in 2010, Barwa Village comprises 18 mixed-use complexes with over 450 residential units and 900 commercial spaces. Contained within it are most modern amenities, including a health clinic, a shopping center, an international school, and parks.

Barwa Group
Barwa Group (QE: BRES) is a real estate company based in Doha, Qatar. Established in 2005, it is listed on the Qatar Exchange, with 45% of its shares held by the Qatar Investment Authority, via its Qatari Diar subsidiary. It is primarily active in real estate development and related financial services. It is Qatar's largest real estate group. It is chaired by Salah bin Ghanim Al Ali.
Delmont State Bank
The former Delmont State Bank is a historic bank building at 104 West Main Street in Delmont, South Dakota.  It is a single-story brick structure, with a flat roof.  Its main facade has three bays, two with plate glass windows of differing size on the left, and the main entry (formerly recessed, now enclosed) on the right.  The facade is topped by a corbelled brick parapet, whose central section is topped by a concrete cap in which the year of construction, 1903, is incised.  The Delmont State Bank was one of two banks established in Delmont in the early 1900s.  The other folded in 1933, while the Delmont State Bank was merged into the First State Bank of Armour in 1966.  After moving to larger facilities in 1976, the bank building was sold to the city for $1, and now houses city offices.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Delmont, South Dakota
Delmont is a city in southeastern Douglas County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 153 at the 2020 census.

Delmont was laid out in 1886.

The Onion House, named for his onion shaped metallic dome and located in Delmont, is listed on the list of National Register of Historic Places since 1987. Also included on the same historic marker is Bluebird Locker, a local business in Delmont known for its “Delmont Sausage” but also serves as a butchery for other types of meats.
Gillette Corner
Gillette Corner is a crossroads in west London. It is where a straightened medieval route Syon Lane (B454) crosses the triple carriageway of the Great West Road A4 and is the western end of the West Cross business district (which has an older, more ambiguous name, the Golden Mile).  A disused name for the neighbourhood is Syon Hill.

A4 road (England)
The A4 is a major road in England from Central London to Avonmouth via Heathrow Airport, Reading, Bath and Bristol. It is historically known as the Bath Road with newer sections including the Great West Road and Portway. The road was once the main route from London to Bath, Bristol and the west of England and formed, after the A40, the second main western artery from London.

Although most traffic is carried by the M4 motorway today, the A4 still acts as the main route from Bristol to London for non-motorway traffic.
Massless free scalar bosons in two dimensions
Massless free scalar bosons are a family of two-dimensional conformal field theories, whose symmetry is described by an abelian affine Lie algebra.

Since they are free i.e. non-interacting, free bosonic CFTs are easily solved exactly. 
Via the Coulomb gas formalism, they lead to exact results in interacting CFTs such as minimal models.
Moreover, they play an important role in the worldsheet approach to string theory.

In a free bosonic CFT, the Virasoro algebra's central charge can take any complex value. However, the value  is sometimes implicitly assumed. For , there exist compactified free bosonic CFTs with arbitrary values of the compactification radius.

Sigma model
In physics, a sigma model is a field theory that describes the field as a point particle confined to move on a fixed manifold. This manifold can be taken to be any Riemannian manifold, although it is most commonly taken to be either a Lie group or a symmetric space. The model may or may not be quantized. An example of the non-quantized version is the Skyrme model; it cannot be quantized due to non-linearities of power greater than 4. In general, sigma models admit (classical) topological soliton solutions, for example, the skyrmion for the Skyrme model.  When the sigma field is coupled to a gauge field, the resulting model is described by Ginzburg–Landau theory.  This article is primarily devoted to the classical field theory of the sigma model; the corresponding quantized theory is presented in the article titled "non-linear sigma model".
Freire
Freire / Freyre is a word used in the Portuguese and Galician languages to define the occupational name for a friar or a nickname for a pious person or someone employed at a monastery.

Those who use that surname usually have a large nose.

The word is derived from Latin frater, which means brother.
Not Jewish in origin but some Sephardic Jews adopted this name.

Piety
Piety is a virtue  which may include religious devotion or spirituality. A common element in most conceptions of piety is a duty of respect. In a religious context, piety may be expressed through pious activities or devotions, which may vary among countries and cultures.
Scott Newlands
Scott Newlands (born 1985) is a former Scottish professional rugby player, currently coaching the French ProD2 team Valence Romans Drome Rugby. He comes from Kelso and has previously played rugby professionally at US Carcassonne, Oyonnax Rugby, Edinburgh Rugby and at amateur level for Kelso RFC and Heriot's Rugby Club. Newlands has also played for Scotland's national rugby sevens team, as well as for Scotland A in the Churchill Cup.

Oyonnax Rugby
Oyonnax Rugby (French pronunciation: [ɔjɔna ʁyɡbi]) is a French professional rugby union club based in Oyonnax and competing in the Pro D2. Founded in 1949 and located in the Ain montainous department, the club plays its home matches at the 11,400-capacity Stade Charles-Mathon, the highest stadium in the league at 532 metres (1,745 ft) and wears black and red jerseys.
Fanfare (film)
Fanfare is a 1958 Dutch comedy film directed by Bert Haanstra. The film was entered into the 1959 Cannes Film Festival and the 1st Moscow International Film Festival. It was the most successful Dutch film at the time with over 2.6 million admissions until it was surpassed by the 1973 film Turkish Delight.

Diamond Film
The Diamond Film (Dutch: Diamanten Film) is a film award recognising domestic box office achievements in the Netherlands. The Diamond Film is awarded to films from the Netherlands once they have sold 1,000,000 cinema tickets or more during the original circulation. The award is initiated by the Netherlands Film Festival and the Netherlands Film Fund in addition to the Golden Film for 100,000 visitors, the Platinum Film for 400,000 visitors, and the Crystal Film for 10,000 visitors of a documentary film.
Insurance as regulation
Some insurance markets effectively function as regulation, due to insurance companies encouraging or requiring certain actions in order to gain coverage. Although many economists argue that insurers can reduce moral hazard to some degree, it is debated the extent to which insurers can effectively substitute for government regulations to reduce risk. An example is cyber insurance companies working with their clients to improve security at the firms and decrease the risk of cyberattacks and data breaches.

Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:

in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including land-use regulation

in economy: regulatory economics

in finance: financial regulation

in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and,

in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis;

in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals.
Sincerely Yours in Cold Blood
Sincerely Yours in Cold Blood (Finnish: Kylmäverisesti sinun) is a Finnish crime drama television series that aired on Nelonen from 29 February 2000 to 29 November 2005. All of its 30 episodes are based on true crime cases.

Nelonen (TV channel)
Nelonen (Finnish for 'Number Four') is a Finnish commercial television channel. It started out as Helsinki's local television channel PTV in 1990 on the HTV cable network (now part of DNA), and changed its name first to PTV4. On June 1, 1997, the channel expanded to national coverage and changed its name to Nelonen, the Finnish name of the number four. Nelonen is mostly owned by Sanoma Corporation, which owns the Helsingin Sanomat and Ilta-Sanomat newspapers. Its largest owner was Aatos Erkko. Much of its programming is imported Australian, American, British, and European programs with Finnish captions. Its main market is the 25-44 demographic.
Nick DiCeglie
Nick DiCeglie is a Republican member of the Florida Legislature representing the state's 18th Senate district, which includes part of Pinellas County, and formerly served in the House's 66th district which covered most of his current Florida Senate seat. He previously served in the Florida House of Representatives.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Bose–Mesner algebra
In mathematics, a Bose–Mesner algebra is a special set of matrices which arise from a combinatorial structure known as an association scheme, together with the usual set of rules for combining (forming the products of) those matrices, such that they form an associative algebra, or, more precisely, a unitary commutative algebra. Among these rules are:

the result of a product is also within the set of matrices,
there is an identity matrix in the set, and
taking products is commutative.

Bose–Mesner algebras have applications in physics to spin models, and in statistics to the design of experiments. They are named for R. C. Bose and Dale Marsh Mesner.

Spin model
A spin model is a mathematical model used in physics primarily to explain magnetism. Spin models may either be classical or quantum mechanical in nature. Spin models have been studied in quantum field theory as examples of integrable models. Spin models are also used in quantum information theory and computability theory in theoretical computer science. The theory of spin models is a far reaching and unifying topic that cuts across many fields.
2024 Fifth Third Charleston 125
The 2024 Fifth Third Charleston 125, sponsored by the Fifth Third Bank, was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. The first edition in 2021 was held on green clay but the surface was changed to hard in 2024. It took place at LTP Mount Pleasant in Charleston, South Carolina, United States from 11 to 16 March 2024.

Maria Mateas
Maria Mateaș (born July 21, 1999) is a Romanian-American tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of 190, achieved on 26 August 2024.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Mateas had a career-high combined ranking of 26 in April 2016.
Navigators (cycling team)
Navigators Insurance Cycling Team (UCI Code: NIC) was an elite road bicycle racing cycling team in the United States.  Navigators focused on USA Cycling and UCI America Tour events.  The team has competed in every Tour de Georgia. The team was founded in 1992 by Raymond Cipollini and James Eichvalds. The team turned Pro in 1994 and hired Edward Beamon to be its director.

Navigators finished third team on the 2005–06 UCI America Tour.

USA Cycling
USA Cycling or USAC, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is the national governing body for bicycle racing in the United States. It covers the disciplines of road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, and BMX across all ages and ability levels. In 2015, USAC had a membership of 61,631 individual members.

USA Cycling is associated with the UCI or, Union Cycliste Internationale, which governs international cycling, and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC). The organization is also a member of the continental body Confederacion Panamericana de Ciclismo (COPACI). USA Cycling also organizes the USA Cycling Pro Road Tour, the top road cycling series for men and women in the United States.
Chromosomal deletion syndrome
Chromosomal deletion syndromes result from deletion of parts of chromosomes. Depending on the location, size, and whom the deletion is inherited from, there are a few known different variations of chromosome deletions. Chromosomal deletion syndromes typically involve larger deletions that are visible using  karyotyping techniques. Smaller deletions result in Microdeletion syndrome, which are detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Examples of chromosomal deletion syndromes include 5p-Deletion (cri du chat syndrome), 4p-Deletion (Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome), Prader–Willi syndrome, and Angelman syndrome.

Chromosome 4
Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 190 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
Mark Laity
Mark F. Laity (born 1955 in Truro, Cornwall, UK) is a NATO spokesman and former BBC correspondent. He gained a BA(hons) and MA from the University of York. Laity later became a Senior Associate Research Fellow at the Centre for Defence Studies, at King's College London.

Laity became a Defence Correspondent from 1989 until 2000. During the first Gulf War, in 1990–91, he was based in Saudi Arabia and became a frequent voice on BBC radio. He covered later conflicts also - particularly the break-up of Yugoslavia, the war in Bosnia and the conflict with Serbia over Kosovo, where he reported from NATO's Brussels headquarters, before reporting from Kosovo itself. Laity commented on NATO actions in Afghanistan, and became Chief Strategic Communications at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe.

In 2003 Laity formally complained to the BBC about comments made to the Hutton Inquiry, which he interpreted as a slight on his tenure as Defence Correspondent.

Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) is the military headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO) that commands all NATO operations worldwide. SHAPE is situated in the village of Casteau, near Mons, Belgium.

ACO's and SHAPE's commander is titled Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), and is always a U.S. four-star general officer or flag officer who also serves as Commander, U.S. European Command.

From 1951 to 2003, SHAPE was the headquarters of Allied Command Europe (ACE). Since 2003 SHAPE has been the headquarters of ACO, controlling NATO also outside Europe. Even though the geographical scope of its activities was extended, SHAPE retained its traditional name with reference to Europe.
Tom Flacco
Tom Patrick Flacco (born November 2, 1994) is an American football quarterback. He attended three colleges: Western Michigan, Rutgers, and Towson. He also played baseball, and was drafted in the 32nd round of the 2014 MLB draft by the Philadelphia Phillies. Flacco is the younger brother of NFL quarterback Joe Flacco. He has also had stints in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Ottawa Redblacks.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights football
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights football program represents Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Rutgers competes as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Prior to joining the Big Ten, the Scarlet Knights were a member of the American Athletic Conference (formerly the Big East Conference) from 1991 to 2013. Rutgers plays its home games at SHI Stadium, in Piscataway, New Jersey. The team is currently led by head coach Greg Schiano. The Scarlet Knights football team is also notable for playing in the first college football game in 1869, in which the Scarlet Knights won by the score 6–4.
Kanak Saha
Kanak Saha is an Indian astrophysicist. He is a professor of astrophysics at Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics. His research interests include formation of galaxies in the early universe and their evolution. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology for his contributions to physical sciences in 2021.

Galaxy formation and evolution
In cosmology, the study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, as a result of tiny quantum fluctuations in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The simplest model in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Lambda-CDM model—that is, clustering and merging allows galaxies to accumulate mass, determining both their shape and structure. Hydrodynamics simulation, which simulates both baryons and dark matter, is widely used to study galaxy formation and evolution.
Pulaski Historic Commercial District
Pulaski Historic Commercial District is a national historic district located at Pulaski, Pulaski County, Virginia. It encompasses 78 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the central business district of the town of Pulaski.  It includes a variety of governmental, commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings dated primarily to the late-19th and early-20th century.  Notable buildings include the MaGill building, B. D. Smith and Bros., building, Elks Theatre and building (c. 1911), former high school (c. 1913–1920), freight depot (1907), Pulaski Grocery Company building, the General Chemical Company, Christ Episcopal Church (1908), and the Appalachian Power Company building (c. 1940).  The Dalton Theatre Building and Pulaski County Courthouse are located in the district and listed separately.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Pulaski County, Virginia
Pulaski County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,800. Its county seat is Pulaski. Pulaski County is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area.