hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Alexander Stephenson
William Alexander Stephenson (14 July 1873 – 1926) was a Jamaican journalist who emigrated to New York where he became involved in the Harlem Renaissance.

He attended Half Way Tree Middle Grade School, where the headmaster, H H Isaacs, suggested he become a journalist. After working for Gall’s News Letter, and The Telegraph he was taken on by the Daily Gleaner. His articles were generally attributed to W. A. Stephenson. He also wrote for the Jamaica Times. In 1913 he left journalism to become Chief Sanitary Officer.

Following the First World War, he and his wife emigrated to New York, where he returned to journalism. He published the West Indian Informer himself, went on to write for Negro World, and was managing editor of the Daily Negro Times.

The Gleaner
The Gleaner is an English-language, morning daily newspaper founded by two brothers, Jacob and Joshua de Cordova on 13 September 1834 in Kingston, Jamaica.

Originally called the Daily Gleaner, the name was changed on 7 December 1992 to The Gleaner. The newspaper is owned and published by Gleaner Company publishing house in Kingston, Jamaica. The Gleaner is still considered a newspaper of record for Jamaica.
2023 Birmingham Bowl
The 2023 Birmingham Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 23, 2023, at Protective Stadium in Birmingham, Alabama. The 17th annual Birmingham Bowl featured the Troy Trojans from the Sun Belt Conference and the Duke Blue Devils from the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game began at approximately 11:00 a.m. CST and was aired on ABC. The Birmingham Bowl was one of the 2023–24 bowl games concluding the 2023 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by gas station chain 76 and was officially known as the 76 Birmingham Bowl.

2023 Troy Trojans football team
The 2023 Troy Trojans football team represented Troy University as a member of the West Division of the Sun Belt Conference during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by second-year head coach Jon Sumrall, the Trojans played home games at Veterans Memorial Stadium in Troy, Alabama. The Troy Trojans football team drew an average home attendance of 27,121 in 2023.
Sopwith Gnu
The Sopwith Gnu was a 1910s British touring biplane, designed and built by the Sopwith Aviation & Engineering Company of Kingston-upon-Thames. It was one of the first cabin aircraft designed for civil use.

Le Rhône
Le Rhône was the name given to a series of rotary aircraft engines built between 1910 and 1920. Le Rhône series engines were originally sold by the Société des Moteurs Le Rhône, and following a 1914 corporate buyout, by its successor company, Gnome et Rhône. During World War I, more than 22,000 nine cylinder Le Rhône engines were built, with the type far outselling Gnome et Rhône's other main wartime engine series, the Gnome Monosoupape.

Licenses for production of Le Rhône series engines were negotiated with companies in Great Britain, Austria, Italy, Russia, Sweden, and Germany. Le Rhône-designed engines powered many of the most famous WW1 aircraft, including the Sopwith Pup, the Sopwith Camel, the Nieuport 11 "Bebe" and the Fokker Dr.1 "Triplane".
American Microsystems S2000
The S2000 was a family of specialized 4-bit microcontrollers introduced by American Microsystems Inc (AMI) in the 1970s. AMI referred to it as a "display controller", aimed at industrial control applications, HVAC control systems, appliances and simple electronic games. The system had direct support for reading keyboards and outputting to seven-segment displays.

The original model combined the CPU, 1024 bytes of ROM and 64 nibbles of RAM in a 40-pin dual in-line package (DIP). It also included a seven-segment display driver and optionally the high-voltage electronics needed to directly drive an LED or vacuum fluorescent display (in the S2000A model) as well as keyboard input. Later models increased the internal memory and added new instructions.

The S2000 is historically notable as the first complete system available at a price point under $10; in lots of 50,000 or more, the S2000 was $9.98.

Electronic game
An electronic game is a game that uses electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play. Video games are the most common form today, and for this reason the two terms are often used interchangeably. There are other common forms of electronic games, including handheld electronic games, standalone arcade game systems (e.g. pinball, slot machines), and exclusively non-visual products (e.g. audio games).
Guy H. Lillian III
Guy Herbert Lillian III (20 July 1949 - 23 August 2025) was a Louisiana lawyer, former letterhack and science fiction fanzine publisher notable for having been twice nominated for a Hugo Award as best fan writer and having had a row of 12 nominations (without winning) for the Hugo Award for Best Fanzine for Challenger, which he had published since 1993. He was the 1984 recipient of Southern fandom's Rebel Award.

Having studied English at Berkeley, writing at the Greensboro, and law at New Orleans, he practiced as a defense lawyer in the field of criminal law in Louisiana as his day job. As of 2015, Lillian was a resident of Florida.

As a noted letterhack and fan of the comic book Green Lantern, Lillian's name was supposedly tributized for the title's character Guy Gardner.

Loyola University New Orleans
Loyola University New Orleans is a private Jesuit university in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Originally established as Loyola College in 1904, the institution was chartered as a university in 1912. It bears the name of the Jesuit founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, and is a member of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities.
29 Bahman Metro Station (Tabriz)
29 Bahman Metro Station is a station on Tabriz Metro Line 1. The station opened on 27 August 2015. It is located on 29 Bahman Boulevard at Tabriz Cable Bridge. It is between Khayyam Metro Station and Ostad Shahriar Metro Station.

Tabriz Metro
The Tabriz Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Tabriz, in northwestern Iran. The first phase opened on 28 August 2015 with a 7 km length and 6 stations. There is also one regional commuter line planned to Sahand.
Winsome Sinclair
Winsome G.M. Sinclair (October 27, 1965 – August 12, 2024) was a Jamaican-born American casting director and film producer. She was the founder and chairwoman of Winsome Sinclair and Associates, a global casting agency based out of Atlanta. Sinclair was a frequent collaborator with famed directors such as Spike Lee, John Singleton, Steven Spielberg, Lee Daniels, and the Hughes Brothers. Notable films she worked on include 2 Fast 2 Furious, All Eyez On Me, Amistad, Jungle Fever, Malcolm X, and The Best Man.

Amistad (film)
Amistad is a 1997 American historical drama film directed by Steven Spielberg, based on the events in 1839 aboard the Spanish slave ship La Amistad, during which Mende tribesmen abducted for the slave trade managed to gain control of their captors' ship off the coast of Cuba, and the international legal battle that followed their capture by the Washington, a U.S. revenue cutter. The case was ultimately resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1841.

Morgan Freeman, Anthony Hopkins, and Matthew McConaughey starred, along with Djimon Hounsou in his breakout role as Cinqué; Pete Postlethwaite, Nigel Hawthorne and Chiwetel Ejiofor appeared in supporting roles.

Amistad was released by DreamWorks Pictures on December 10, 1997. The film received largely positive critical reviews and grossed $58.3 million worldwide against a $39 million budget.
HMS Eridge (L68)
HMS Eridge (L68) was a Type II Hunt-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was ordered on 4 September 1939 under the 1939 War Emergency Programme and built by Swan Hunter at Wallsend. Eridge was laid down on 21 November 1939, launched on 20 August 1940, and commissioned on 28 February 1941.

The class were named after fox hunts; in Eridge case, this was the Southdown and Eridge Hunt, a fox-hunting pack based in the counties of Sussex and Kent.

Fox hunting
Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking, chase and, if caught, the killing of a fox, normally a red fox, by trained foxhounds or other scent hounds. A group of unarmed followers, led by a "master of foxhounds" (or "master of hounds"), follow the hounds on foot or on horseback.

Fox hunting with hounds, as a formalised activity, originated in England in the sixteenth century, in a form very similar to that practised until February 2005, when a law banning the activity in England and Wales came into force. A ban on hunting in Scotland had been passed in 2002, but it continues to be within the law in Northern Ireland and several other jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada, France, Ireland and the United States.

The sport is controversial, particularly in the United Kingdom. Proponents of fox hunting view it as an important part of rural culture and useful for reasons of conservation and pest control, while opponents argue it is cruel and unnecessary.
Emperors of Soul
Emperors of Soul is a 1994 box set compilation for The Temptations, released by Motown Records. The five-disc collection covers the Temptations' entire four-decade history, from the first recording of The Distants in 1959 ("Come On") to four new recordings by the then-current Temptations lineup of Ali-Ollie Woodson, Theo Peoples, Ron Tyson, and stalwart members Otis Williams and Melvin Franklin.

The first two discs and the first half of the third disc collect the original mono versions of the Temptations' most popular singles, including "My Girl", "Ain't Too Proud to Beg", and "Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)", and several b-sides, album tracks, and unreleased songs. The rest of the set continues on through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s with later hits, album tracks, and unreleased songs.

Richard Street
Richard Allen Street (October 5, 1942 – February 27, 2013) was an American soul and R&B singer, most notable as a member of Motown vocal group The Temptations from 1971 to 1993. Prior to joining the Temptations, he had been a member of Otis and The Distants in the 50s, a vocal group that was led by Otis Williams.
Konevitsan kirkonkellot
"Konevitsan kirkonkellot" (English: "The Church Bells of Konevitsa") is a Karelian folk melody, best known as the 1975 recording of Finnish musical group Piirpauke. It repeats the chime of the church bells of the Konevsky Monastery (Konevitsan luostari in Finnish) in Lake Ladoga. The melody was first recorded by kantele player Ulla Katajavuori in 1952. Other recorded versions include the 1978 version by Matti Kontio, Martti Pokela and Eeva-Leena Sariola, and the 2002 version by heavy metal band Sentenced, used as an intro in their album The Cold White Light.

Lake Ladoga
Lake Ladoga is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg.

It is the largest lake located entirely in Europe, the second largest lake in Russia after Lake Baikal, and the 14th largest lake by area in the world. It is comparable in size to Lake Ontario. Ladoga Lacus, a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan, is named after the lake.
Blackstone Waterhouse
Blackstone Waterhouse was a state legislator in Arkansas. In 1883, he represented Jefferson County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House of Representatives.

He was selected as an alternate delegate to the 1912 Arkansas Republican Convention. His post office was listed as being in Pine Bluff.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
Savonranta
Savonranta is a former municipality of Finland. It became part of Savonlinna in early 2009.

It was located in the province of Eastern Finland and was part of the South Savo region. The municipality had a population of 1,155 (2009) and covered an area of 568.59 km² of which 182.55 km² was water. The population density was 3.3 inhabitants per km².

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Kolovesi National Park, home of the Saimaa Ringed Seals – one of the most endangered seals in the world, was located in Savonranta and its neighbouring municipalities Enonkoski and Heinävesi.

Kolovesi National Park
Kolovesi National Park (Finnish: Koloveden kansallispuisto) is a national park in the Etelä-Savo region of Finland. It was established in 1990 and covers 23 km2 (8.9 sq mi). It protects e.g. the habitat of the critically endangered Saimaa ringed seal. Typical of the rugged scenery of Kolovesi, formed by the ice age, are craggy cliffs rising from the water. Cave paintings have been discovered in the area. Motor boats are prohibited in the area. Kayaking, canoeing, and rowing and facilitated, and there are also several marked hiking paths in the area.
Mendota
Mendota can refer to any of the following places in the United States:

Mendota, California

Mendota, Illinois, a city in LaSalle County

Mendota Township, LaSalle County, Illinois

Mendota, Minnesota

Mendota Heights, Minnesota

Mendota, Virginia

Mendota, Washington

Lake Mendota, Madison, Wisconsin

The Mendota Mental Health Institute in Madison, Wisconsin

Mendota, Washington
Mendota is an extinct town in Lewis County, in the U.S. state of Washington. The community began as a mining town, growing to include a post office, hotel, and school in the early 20th century.

A destructive fire in 1926 closed mining operations and the town began to wane. A lone ranch remained by the 1950s. Attempts to reinvigorate coal mining in the region did not materialize and by the early 1970s, buildings were in disrepair and the townsite had begun to be lost to encroaching plants and wildlife. No buildings were standing by 1979.
Spanish ship Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad
Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad, nicknamed La Real, was a ship of the line of the Spanish Navy which was the largest warship in the world when launched. She originally mounted 112 guns, which was increased between 1795 and 1796 to 130 guns by closing in the spar deck between the quarterdeck and forecastle. In 1802 Santísima Trinidad was further upgraded to 140 guns, including four guns on the poop deck, effectively creating a continuous fourth gundeck, although the extra guns added were relatively small. She was the most heavily armed ship in the world when rebuilt, and bore the most guns of any ship of the line outfitted in the Age of Sail. Santísima Trinidad was captured by the Royal Navy on 21 October 1805 at the Battle of Trafalgar but was scuttled the next day.

Gun deck
The term gun deck used to refer to a deck aboard a ship that was primarily used for the mounting of cannon to be fired in broadsides. The term is generally applied to decks enclosed under a roof; smaller and unrated vessels carried their guns on the upper deck, forecastle and quarterdeck, and these were not described as gun decks.
Index of robotics articles
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots. Robotics is related to the sciences of electronics, engineering, mechanics, and software. The word "robot" was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. The term "robotics" was coined by Isaac Asimov in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar!"

Articles related to robotics include:

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Moe Segal
Moe Segal (February 2, 1925 – July 6, 2016) was a Grey Cup champion Canadian Football League player. He played offensive guard and tackle.

A native Québécois, Segal played football with Ottawa Technical High School. He won the Grey Cup with the champion St. Hyacinthe-Donnacona Navy team in 1944 (unfortunately Segal was injured just before the championship game and did not get to play.) He played with the Ottawa Rough Riders in 1946 and the Ottawa Trojans in 1947.

Ottawa Trojans
The Ottawa Trojans were a Canadian football team based in Ottawa, Ontario and competed in the Ontario Rugby Football Union from 1943 to 1947. After winning the 1947 ORFU championship, the team would merge with the Ottawa Rough Riders in 1948.
2004 Australian Open – Women's doubles
Serena Williams and Venus Williams were the defending champions, but Serena withdrew from the tournament (due to an injury) and Venus didn't want to participate with another player.

Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez reached the final of the Australian Open for the second time (in 2003 they lost to Williams sisters). This time they won in the final 6–4, 6–3, against Svetlana Kuznetsova and Elena Likhovtseva.

Paola Suárez
Paola Suárez (Latin American Spanish: [paˈola ˈswaɾes]; born 23 June 1976) is a retired tennis player from Argentina. She was one of the most prominent women's doubles players throughout the early and mid-2000s, winning eight Grand Slam titles, all of them with Virginia Ruano Pascual, and holding the No. 1 doubles ranking for 87 non-consecutive weeks. She was also a singles top ten player and semifinalist at the 2004 French Open.
Spontaneous conception (psychology)
In psychology, spontaneous conception refers to conceptions about the world that we form without any formal education. Often these are connected with physics. They may be wrong concepts, like "heavier objects fall faster" or "bigger objects are heavier". Piaget thinks they are made by introspection. Vygotsky believes they may help the learning of scientific concepts more than having no conception about one event.

Wrongdoing
A wrong, or wrength (from Old English wrang – 'crooked'), is an act that is illegal, incorrect, or immoral. Legal wrongs are usually quite clearly defined in the law of a state or jurisdiction. They can be divided into civil wrongs and crimes (or criminal offenses) in common law countries, while civil law countries tend to have some additional categories, such as contraventions. Moral wrong is an underlying concept for legal wrong. Some moral wrongs are punishable by law, for example rape or murder. Other moral wrongs have nothing to do with law but are related to unethical behaviours. On the other hand, some legal wrongs, such as many types of parking offences, could hardly be classified as moral wrongs.
Morozovka, Kalacheyevsky District, Voronezh Oblast
Morozovka (Russian: Морозовка) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Semyonovskoye Rural Settlement, Kalacheyevsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 135 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Kalacheyevsky District
Kalacheyevsky District  (Russian: Калаче́евский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,106 square kilometers (813 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kalach. Population: 57,242 (2010 Census);  61,794 (2002 Census); 61,945 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kalach accounts for 35.0% of the district's total population.
Canton of Fougères-2
The canton of Fougères-2 is an administrative division of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, in northwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Fougères. The Canton of Fougères-2 covers specific areas and municipalities within the Fougères Agglomération and is represented by elected officials who serve on the departmental council. These officials are responsible for addressing local issues, representing the interests of their constituents, and participating in decision-making processes at the departmental level.

It consists of the following communes:

Ille-et-Vilaine
Ille-et-Vilaine (French: [il e vilɛn] ⓘ; Gallo: Ill-e-Vilaenn; Breton: Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.
Platyzosteria novaeseelandiae
Platyzosteria novaeseelandiae, or the large black kēkerengū, is a species of cockroach in the family Blattidae. Its other names include black stink-roach, black stink cockroach, black cockroach and papata pango. It is known for the defensive chemical it produces when disturbed.

Blattidae
Blattidae is a cockroach family in the order Blattodea containing several of the most common household cockroaches. Notable species include:

Blatta orientalis: Oriental cockroach,

Common shining cockroach: (Drymaplaneta communis)

Florida woods cockroach: (Eurycotis floridana)

Periplaneta spp: American cockroach, Turkestan cockroach

Botany Bay cockroach: (Polyzosteria limbata)

Australian cockroach

Brown cockroach

Smokybrown cockroach
Bronze Age sword
Bronze Age swords were a type of weapons prominent during the Bronze Age. They were replaced by iron swords during the early part of the 1st millennium BC. Typical Bronze Age swords were between 60 and 80 cm long, significantly shorter weapons are categorized as short swords or daggers. From an early time swords with lengths in excess of 100 cm were also produced. Some Bronze Age swords have also been referred to as antenna swords due to their design.

Arslantepe
Arslantepe, also known as Melid, was an ancient city on the Tohma River, a tributary of the upper Euphrates rising in the Taurus Mountains. It has been identified with the modern archaeological site of Arslantepe near Malatya, Turkey.

It was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Arslantepe Mound in 2021. As of 2025 it is closed for maintenance.

Değirmentepe, a site located 24 km northeast of Melid, is notable as the location of the earliest secure evidence of copper smelting. The site was built on a small natural outcrop in the flood plain about 40m from the Euphrates River.
Abobakr Abass
Abobakr Abass Fadlallah Jalab (born 1 November 1998) is a Sudanese swimmer. He represented Sudan at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. He competed in the men's 50 metre freestyle and men's 100 metre breaststroke events.

He represented Sudan at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He was one of the flagbearers for Sudan during the 2020 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations as part of the opening ceremony on 23 July 2021, along with rower Esraa Khogali. He competed in the men's 100 metre breaststroke event where he did not advance to compete in the semifinals.

Swimming at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle
The Men's 50 metre freestyle competition at the 2019 World Championships was held on 26 and 27 July 2019. Caeleb Dressel finished first in the final, retaining the title he won in the previous Championships.