hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mandola
The mandola (US and Canada) or tenor mandola (Ireland and UK) is a fretted, stringed musical instrument. It is to the mandolin what the viola is to the violin: the four double courses of strings tuned in fifths to the same pitches as the viola (C3-G3-D4-A4), a fifth lower than a mandolin. The mandola, though now rarer, is an ancestor of the mandolin. (The word mandolin means little mandola.)

Scientific pitch notation
Scientific pitch notation (SPN), also known as American standard pitch notation (ASPN) and international pitch notation (IPN), is a method of specifying musical pitch by combining a musical note name (with accidental if needed) and a number identifying the pitch's octave.

Although scientific pitch notation was originally designed as a companion to scientific pitch (see below), the two are not synonymous. Scientific pitch is a pitch standard—a system that defines the specific frequencies of particular pitches (see below). Scientific pitch notation concerns only how pitch names are notated, that is, how they are designated in printed and written text, and does not inherently specify actual frequencies. Thus, the use of scientific pitch notation to distinguish octaves does not depend on the pitch standard used.
Jane Dodd
Jane Dodd (born 1962) is a New Zealand musician and contemporary jeweller. She is well known for her role as a bass player in early Dunedin-based Flying Nun Records groups The Chills and The Verlaines, was a long-standing member of Auckland group Able Tasmans, and occasionally played with side-project The Lure of Shoes.

Dodd is also responsible for the design or cover artwork for The Verlaines 7" single Death and the Maiden, their EP 10 O'Clock in the Afternoon (1984), The Verlaines 12" single Doomsday b/w New Kinda Hero and LP & CD, Juvenilia (both 1986), Able Tasmans LP & CD Hey Spinner! (1990), and Able Tasman CD Shape of Dolls (1993). She contributes backing vocals to the songs "Anchor Me" and "Queen's English" on The Mutton Birds album Salty (1993).

Dunedin Double (EP)
The Dunedin Double EP is a 1982 compilation EP by The Chills, Sneaky Feelings, The Stones, and The Verlaines, released on the Christchurch label Flying Nun. An unusual format, it contain two 45rpm 12" discs. At nearly 50 minutes length, it was longer than many compilations of the time period. The EP's release publicised Flying Nun as a major alternative record label for the first time. It has become regarded as one of the earliest seminal works of the Dunedin sound, which heavily influenced the development of indie rock.

Dunedin Double established the names of four of these groups, each of which was represented on the double EP by one side. The Chills' song 'Kaleidoscope World' in particular became very popular, gaining considerable airplay for the band. It later provided the title for the band's first album, a compilation of their early singles and EP tracks.
Broxa
In Jewish folklore, Broxa is a bird that is said to suck the milk of goats and sometimes human blood during the night.

In medieval Portugal, the Broxa was considered to be a shape shifting entity-as a witch in female form and in male form, a demon. It has been speculated that this creature was derived from the Jewish mythical creature.

Jewish folklore
Jewish folklore are legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy tales, stories, tall tales, and customs that are the traditions of Judaism. Folktales are characterized by the presence of unusual personages, by the sudden transformation of men into beasts and vice versa, or by other unnatural incidents. A number of aggadic stories bear folktale characteristics, especially those relating to Og, King of Bashan, which have the same exaggerations as have the lügenmärchen of modern German folktales.
John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.
John V. A. Fine Jr. (born September 9, 1939) is an American historian and author. He is professor emeritus of Balkan and Byzantine history at the University of Michigan and has written extensively on the subject.

Byzantium
Byzantium (/bɪˈzæntiəm, -ʃəm/) or Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul in modern times. The Greek name Byzantion and its Latinization Byzantium continued to be used as a name of Constantinople sporadically and to varying degrees during the thousand-year existence of the Eastern Roman Empire, which also became known by the former name of the city as the Byzantine Empire. Byzantium was colonized by Greeks from Megara in the 7th century BCE and remained primarily Greek-speaking until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
Kilroot (District Electoral Area)
Kilroot was one of the three district electoral areas in Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected five members to Carrickfergus Borough Council from 1985 to 1993, and six members from 1993 to 2014, and formed part of the East Antrim constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Carrickfergus Area B which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Blackhead, Boneybefore, Eden, Victoria and Whitehead. For the 1993 local elections, it gained a sixth ward, Bluefield. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and most of the area was transferred to the Carrick Castle DEA, with Whitehead moving to the Larne Lough DEA.

2014 Mid and East Antrim District Council election
The first election to Mid and East Antrim District Council, part of the Northern Ireland local elections on 22 May 2014, returned 40 members to the newly formed council via Single Transferable Vote. The Democratic Unionist Party were the largest party in both first-preference votes and seats.
Daniel Hagari
Daniel Hagari (Hebrew: דניאל "דני" הגרי; born 1976) is a retired Israel Defense Forces Rear Admiral (Tat-Aluf) who served as the head of the IDF Spokesperson's Unit from 2023 to 2025. Previously he served as the commander of the Israeli Navy's operations directorate, the Chief of Staff's assistant, Commander of the Shayetet 13 marine commando unit and head of the office of the Chief of Staff.

Israeli Navy
The Israeli Navy (Hebrew: חיל הים הישראלי‎, Ḥeil HaYam HaYisraeli, lit. '[The] Israeli Sea Corps'; Arabic: البحرية الإسرائيلية) is the naval warfare service arm of the Israel Defense Forces, operating primarily in the Mediterranean Sea theater as well as the Gulf of Eilat and the Red Sea theater. The current commander of the Israeli Navy is Rear Admiral David Saar Salama. The Israeli Navy is believed to be responsible for maintaining Israel's offshore nuclear second strike capability.
Timothy Noad
Timothy Martin Noad (born 1966) is a British calligrapher, heraldic artist and designer of coins and medals. He has created many designs for Charles III, including the Royal Cypher, several official versions of the Royal Arms, the Stole Royal worn at the Coronation, the title page of the Coronation Roll and the reverse of the Great Seal of the Realm.

Noad trained in Calligraphy, Heraldry and Illumination under Anthony Wood at Reigate School of Art and Design, East Surrey College. Since 1986 he has been working at the College of Arms as a freelance heraldic artist and calligrapher, with the titles "Herald Painter" and "Scrivener". The majority of Noad's work is carried out in traditional techniques using gouache and gold on vellum. He has created Letters patent granting arms to individuals, major corporations and institutions including City of London Livery Companies. Other recipients of his work include members of the British and overseas royal families.

East Surrey College
East Surrey College is a general further education college situated in the town of Redhill, Surrey, England. As of 2014, the college has over 2,500 classroom-based students and 1,000 community learners.
Results of the 1981 New South Wales Legislative Assembly election
The 1981 New South Wales state election involved 99 electoral districts returning one member each. The election was conducted on the basis of optional preferential voting system. There was a significant change from the 1978 election as a result of the passage of the Parliamentary Electorates and Elections (Amendment) Act 1979, and the Constitution (Amendment) Act 1979. The effect of these Acts was to end the electoral malapportionment requiring that the number of electors within each electoral district be within 10%. Under the previous zoning system, a seat in the "central area" had a quota of 34,067, but could be as high as 40,880 while a "country area" seat had a quota of 26,016 but could be as low as 20,813. The effect of the 1980 redistribution was to create 6 new seats in Sydney Newcastle and Wollongong and abolishing 6 country seats.

New South Wales National Party
The New South Wales National Party, officially known as the National Party of Australia – N.S.W. and commonly known as the NSW Nationals, is an Australian political party in New South Wales which forms the state branch of the federal National Party.

The party has generally been the junior partner in a centre-right Coalition with the NSW branch of the Liberal Party of Australia. Since 1927, the Nationals have been in Coalition with the Liberals and their predecessors, the Nationalist Party of Australia (1927–1931), the United Australia Party (1931–1943), and the Democratic Party (1943–1945). During periods of conservative government, the leader of the Nationals also serves as Deputy Premier of New South Wales. When the conservatives are in opposition, the Liberal and National parties usually form a joint opposition bench. New South Wales is the only state where the Coalition has never been broken, and yet has not merged into a unified non-Labor party.
Anne Coleman (tennis)
Anne Coleman is an Australian former professional tennis player.

Coleman, a Western Australian junior champion, was ranked amongst the top 10 juniors in the country. She qualified for the singles main draw of the 1971 Wimbledon Championships and was a women's doubles quarter-finalist at the 1972 Australian Open (with Christine Matison). She is of no relation to her contemporary Patricia Coleman.

1972 Australian Open
The 1972 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne in Australia and was held from 26 December 1971 to 3 January 1972.  It was the 60th edition of the Australian Open and the first Grand Slam of the year.
Gruev
Gruev (Bulgarian: Груев) is a Bulgarian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Grueva. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandar Gruev (born 1983), Bulgarian basketball player

Dame Gruev (1871–1906), Bulgarian teacher
Gruev Cove in Antarctica, named after Dame Gruev

Iliya Gruev (born 1969), Bulgarian footballer

Ilia Gruev (footballer, born 2000), Bulgarian footballer

Vasil Gruev (born 1926), Bulgarian cross country skier

Yoakim Gruev (died 1912), Bulgarian teacher and translator

Yoakim Gruev
Joakim Gruev (Bulgarian: Йоаким Груев, died 1912) was a Bulgarian teacher and translator. He was born on 9 September 1828 in the town of Koprivshtitsa. He was a teacher at the leading Bulgarian high school in Plovdiv. He was the author of a number of textbooks.
Automotive industry in Germany
The automotive industry in Germany is one of the largest employers in the country, with a labor force of over 857,336 (2016) working in the industry.

Being home to the modern car, the German automobile industry is regarded as one of the most competitive and innovative in the world, and has the third-highest car production in the world, and seventh-highest total motor vehicle production. With an annual output close to four million and a 31.5% share of the European Union (2017), German-designed cars won in the European Car of the Year, the International Car of the Year, and the World Car of the Year annual awards the most times among all countries. The Volkswagen Beetle and Porsche 911 took 4th and 5th places in the Car of the Century award.

Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg (German: [ˈvɔlfsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Wulfsborg) is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony. It lies on the river Aller, 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Hanover and 230 kilometres (143 mi) west of Berlin.

Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and, until it was overtaken by Tesla Gigafactory Texas in 2022, the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Ducati, Lamborghini, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, Škoda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century as a planned city. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a home for workers producing the KdF-Wagen until 25 May 1945, the city was called Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben. In 1972, the population first exceeded 100,000. In 2019, the GRP was €188,453 per capita.
Hazira Manufacturing Division
Hazira Manufacturing Division (HMD) is the manufactory of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) located at Hazira, Gujarat, India in Surat. It was commissioned in 1991–92. It is a multi-product, fully integrated complex, manufacturing a wide range of petrochemicals, polymers, polyesters and polyester intermediates. Naphtha is the main raw material of this manufactory, A Naphtha cracker facility crackes the Naphtha and feeds the downstream fiber intermediates, plastics and polyester plants. The manufactory consists integrated utilities system which includes raw water, cooling water, demineralized water, fire water, compressed air, nitrogen, steam/condensate and a Coal based Captive power plant.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This set of standards generally applies to local area networks (LANs) and has some wide area network (WAN) applications. Physical connections are made between network nodes and, usually, various network infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper cables or optical fiber.

802.3 standards support the IEEE 802.1 network architecture.

802.3 also defines a LAN access method using carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).

Ethernet hub
An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, multiport repeater, or simply hub is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and  making them act as a single network segment. It has multiple input/output (I/O) ports, in which a signal introduced at the input of any port appears at the output of every port except the original incoming. A hub works at the physical layer. A repeater hub also participates in collision detection, forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision. In addition to standard 8P8C ("RJ45") ports, some hubs may also come with a BNC or an Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connector to allow connection to legacy 10BASE2 or 10BASE5 network segments.

Hubs are now largely obsolete, having been replaced by network switches except in very old installations or specialized applications. As of 2011, connecting network segments by repeaters or hubs is deprecated by IEEE 802.3.
Stobbe condensation
The Stobbe condensation entails the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with an ester of succinic acid to generate alkylidene succinic acid or related derivatives.  The reaction consumes one equivalent of metal alkoxide. Commonly, diethylsuccinate is a component of the reaction.  The usual product is salt of the half-ester. The Stobbe condensation is named after its discoverer, Hans Stobbe, whose work involved the sodium ethoxide-induced condensation of acetone and diethyl succinate.

An example is the reaction of benzophenone with diethyl succinate:

A reaction mechanism that explains the formation of both an ester group and a carboxylic acid group is centered on a lactone intermediate (5):

Reaction mechanism

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
2012 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2012. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.

2012 Brisbane International
The 2012 Brisbane International was a joint 2012 ATP World Tour and 2012 WTA Tour tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts in Brisbane, Queensland. Because of its ongoing success, the WTA decided in 2011 to upgrade the event to a Premier event. It was the 4th edition of the tournament and took place at the Queensland Tennis Centre in Tennyson. It was held from 1 to 8 January 2012 and was part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year. Andy Murray and Kaia Kanepi won the singles titles.
Auchinloch
Auchinloch (Scottish Gaelic: Achadh an Loch) is a village in Scotland, situated within the North Lanarkshire local authority area but very close to the boundary with East Dunbartonshire and sharing the G66 postcode of the town of Kirkintilloch and the adjoining village of Lenzie, located a short distance to the north. Other nearby settlements in North Lanarkshire are Stepps to the south and Chryston to the south-east, each approximately 1.3 miles (2.1 km) away across farmland and on the opposite side of the M80 motorway; the Glasgow City council area boundary and the suburb of Robroyston is about the same distance to the west. In previous years Auchinloch was in the Parish of Cadder and, from 1975 until 1996, the district of Strathkelvin within Strathclyde Region.

The village's name - "Field of the Loch" - derives from its proximity to a small loch called the Gadloch. The area was sometimes known as the Loch Lands.

Robroyston
Robroyston (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Raibeart Ruadh) is a suburb of Glasgow, Scotland, located around three miles (five kilometres) northeast of the city centre.

To the north, it directly adjoins Auchinairn (part of Bishopbriggs) in the neighbouring East Dunbartonshire local authority area. The Glasgow neighbourhoods of Balornock and Barmulloch lie to the west, but these are largely separated from Robroyston by a nature reserve. Land to the east towards North Lanarkshire is open countryside, which has made the area a popular location for housing developments. Land to the south is also unoccupied, but is on the opposite side of the M80 motorway, Junction 2 of which directly serves the area.
Alberto Rodríguez (Mexican footballer)
Alberto Rodríguez Barrera (born 1 April 1974) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a defender. His last game was a 2012 Copa Libertadores match against Paraguayan side Libertad after being called from Cruz Azul Hidalgo along with 2002 World Cup teammate Melvin Brown under petition of Cruz Azul's coach then, Enrique Meza, who also coached him at Pachuca. After not playing at Cruz Azul Hidalgo since then, he was cut from the squad, leading Rodríguez to announce his retirement.

He has been capped for the Selección de fútbol de México (Mexico national team) and he was an unused substitute at the 2002 FIFA World Cup.

He started his career with the UNAM Pumas, but he moved to the Pachuca Tuzos in 1994. After a short period when he moved to Monterrey, he came back to Pachuca to become the captain of the team and lift 3 National cups, and one CONCACAF Champions Cup.

His last goal was scored in the 2005 Copa Libertadores against Boca Juniors in Hidalgo Stadium.

2012 Copa Libertadores
The 2012 Copa Libertadores de América (officially the 2012 Copa Santander Libertadores for sponsorship reasons) was the 53rd edition of the Copa Libertadores de América, South America's premier international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. It ran from January 24 to July 4, 2012. Santos were the defending champions, but lost to Corinthians in the semifinals.

São Paulo-based club Corinthians won the competition, with an undefeated campaign, after defeating six-time champion Boca Juniors in the finals. It is Corinthians' first Libertadores title. By winning the competition, Corinthians won the right to play in the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2013 Recopa Sudamericana.
Chris Faulkner
Christopher Alan Faulkner (born April 13, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams and San Diego Chargers. He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round of the 1983 NFL draft after playing college football for the Florida Gators.

1986 NFL season
The 1986 NFL season was the 67th regular season of the National Football League. Defending Super Bowl Champion Chicago Bears shared the league's best record with the Giants at 14–2, with the Giants claiming the spot in the NFC by tiebreakers. The season ended with Super Bowl XXI when the New York Giants defeated the Denver Broncos 39–20 at the Rose Bowl to win their first league title in 30 years.
David Morrell (doctor)
David Cameron Morrell FRCGP OBE (6 November 1929–19 March 2012) was a medical doctor, primary care pioneer and former president of the British Medical Association (BMA). He was the first academic general practitioner to become president of the BMA.

British Medical Association
The British Medical Association (BMA) is a registered trade union and professional body for doctors in the United Kingdom. It does not regulate or certify doctors, a responsibility which lies with the General Medical Council. The BMA has a range of representative and scientific committees and is recognised by National Health Service (NHS) employers alongside the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association as one of two national contract negotiators for doctors.

The BMA's stated aim is "to promote the medical and allied sciences, and to maintain the honour and interests of the medical profession".