hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Energy release rate (fracture mechanics)
In fracture mechanics, the energy release rate, , is the rate at which energy is transformed as a material undergoes fracture. Mathematically, the energy release rate is expressed as the decrease in total potential energy per increase in fracture surface area, and is thus expressed in terms of energy per unit area. Various energy balances can be constructed relating the energy released during fracture to the energy of the resulting new surface, as well as other dissipative processes such as plasticity and heat generation. The energy release rate is central to the field of fracture mechanics when solving problems and estimating material properties related to fracture and fatigue.

Material
A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study of materials, their properties, and their applications.

Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be produced from raw materials by synthesis.

In industry, materials are inputs to manufacturing processes to produce products or more complex materials, and the nature and quantity of materials used may form part of the calculation for the cost of a product or delivery under contract, such as where contract costs are calculated on a "time and materials" basis.
WJSB
WJSB (1050 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format, simulcasting WAAZ-FM (104.7). Licensed to Crestview, Florida, United States, the station serves the Fort Walton Beach area. The station is currently owned by Crestview Broadcasting Co., Inc. and features programming from CBS News Radio.

Fort Walton Beach, Florida
Fort Walton Beach, often referred to by the initialism FWB, is a city in southern Okaloosa County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fort Walton Beach had a population of 20,922. It is a principal city of the Crestview−Fort Walton Beach−Destin, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Fort Walton Beach is a year-round fishing and beach resort community. Its busiest time of the year is the summer, causing a boost to the local economy because of tourism.
DIY audio
DIY Audio, do it yourself audio.  Rather than buying a piece of possibly expensive audio equipment, such as a high-end audio amplifier or speaker, the person practicing DIY Audio will make it themselves. Alternatively, a DIYer may take an existing manufactured item of vintage era and update or modify it. The benefits of doing so include the satisfaction of creating something enjoyable, the possibility that the equipment made or updated is of higher quality than commercially available products and the pleasure of creating a custom-made device for which no exact equivalent is marketed. Other motivations for DIY audio can include getting audio components at a lower cost, the entertainment of using the item, and being able to ensure quality of workmanship.

High-end audio
High-end audio is a class of consumer home audio equipment marketed to audiophiles on the basis of high price or quality, and esoteric or novel sound reproduction technologies. The term can refer simply to the price, to the build quality of the components, or to the subjective or objective quality of sound reproduction.
Monique Sioui
Monique Sioui (1950 – 1997) was an activist for the rights of indigenous women and children. She was the sister of writer and artist Christine Sioui-Wawanoloath.

Sioui was the daughter of Augustin Sioui, Huron-Wendat, and Esther Wawanolett, Abenaki. She was a founding member of Quebec Native Women, serving as president in 1976. She dealt with issues such as discrimination against indigenous women under the Indian Act and adoption of indigenous children by non-indigenous foster parents. In 1980, she went to the Netherlands to attend the Russell Tribunal where she identified discriminatory aspects of the Indian Act. She went on to work against domestic violence and spousal abuse in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region. In 1998, she was awarded the Prix Droits et Libertés posthumously by the Quebec Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse.

Sioui was married to Richard Kistabish.

Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse
The Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse (French pronunciation: [kɔmisjɔ̃ de dʁwa də la pɛʁsɔn e de dʁwa də la ʒœnɛs], CDPDJ; English: "Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission") is a government agency created by the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms in 1975.

The current name and responsibilities of the Commission result from the merging in 1995 of the mandates of the Commission des droits de la personne and the Commission de protection des droits de la jeunesse.
Stan Patrick
Stanley Augustus Patrick (May 5, 1922 – January 1, 2000) was an American National Basketball Association player.

Patrick played collegiate basketball at Santa Clara University before World War II. His roommate at Santa Clara was future Nevada Governor Paul Laxalt. After the advent of World War II, Patrick returned to the University of Illinois.

He played with the Waterloo Hawks and Sheboygan Red Skins during the 1949–50 NBA season.

Patrick had also played in the National Basketball League (NBL), and was named Rookie of the Year for the 1945–46 season.

Waterloo Hawks
The Waterloo Hawks were a National Basketball League and National Basketball Association team based in Waterloo, Iowa. The Hawks remain the only sports franchise ever based in Iowa from any of the current Big Four Leagues. They are not affiliated with and have no relation to the fellow NBL turned NBA team known then (1946-1951) as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks, who are presently the Atlanta Hawks.
Masao Maruyama
Masao Maruyama is the name of:

Masao Maruyama (Japanese Army officer) (1889–1957), commander in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II

Masao Maruyama (scholar) (1914–1996), political theorist and historian

Masao Maruyama (film producer) (born 1941), producer for animation company Studio Madhouse

Masao Maruyama (scholar)
Masao Maruyama (丸山 眞男, Maruyama Masao; 22 March 1914 – 15 August 1996) was a leading Japanese political scientist and political theorist. His expertise lay in the history of Japanese political thought, to which he made major contributions.
Cape Freels
Cape Freels is a headland on the island of Newfoundland, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and the location of a community of the same name. This cape, located at the northern extremity of Bonavista Bay, is not to be confused with another Cape Freels which is located at the southern extremity of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland.

The cape was named Ilha de Freyluis as early as 1506. The Portuguese translation is a derivation of the island of Brother Lewis. The area around the cape is the location of a Beothuk camping site. Radiocarbon dating of the artifacts place them between AD 200–700.

For navigational safety a gas lamp was erected at Gull Island, Cape Freels in 1924.

'Cape Freels Coastline and Cabot Island' is designated as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. The area provides important nesting habitat for seabirds such as Common Eider, Common Murre, Razorbill, Common Tern, and Arctic Tern.

Common eider
The common eider (pronounced /ˈaɪ.dər/) (Somateria mollissima), also called St. Cuthbert's duck or Cuddy's duck, is a large (50–71 cm (20–28 in) in body length) sea-duck that is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breeds in Arctic and some northern temperate regions, but winters somewhat farther south in temperate zones, when it can form large flocks on coastal waters. It can fly at speeds up to 113 km/h (70 mph).

The eider's nest is built close to the sea and is lined with eiderdown, plucked from the female's breast. This soft and warm lining has long been harvested for filling pillows and quilts, but in more recent years has been largely replaced by down from domestic farm-geese and synthetic alternatives. Although eiderdown pillows or quilts are now a rarity—typically being marketed as luxury goods—eiderdown harvesting continues and is sustainable, as it can be done after the ducklings leave the nest with no harm to the birds.
Sweder of Abcoude
Sweder III of Zuylen of Abcoude, Lord of Gaasbeek, Putte, Strijen, Wijk, and Durstede ( c.1340 – 22 or 23 April 1400) was a councillor to Joanna, Duchess of Brabant and became infamous for ordering the murder of Everard t'Serclaes.

Strijen
Strijen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈstrɛiə(n)] ⓘ) is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality, covering an area of 57.70 km2 (22.28 sq mi) of which 6.85 km2 (2.64 sq mi) is water, is located on the Hoeksche Waard island along the Hollands Diep estuary. On 1 January 2019 it was merged with the municipalities of Binnenmaas, Cromstrijen, Korendijk, and Oud-Beijerland to form the municipality of Hoeksche Waard.

Strijen hosts a public library, swimming pool, a small shopping centre and a local museum.

Furthermore, Strijen is home to an important and welcome resting stop for migrating birds, especially geese. During winter, the endangered Eurasian spoonbill uses this area as a foraging ground.

The municipality of Strijen also included the population centres of Cillaarshoek, De Klem, Mookhoek, Oudendijk, and Strijensas.
Onkar Raut
Onkar Raut (born 9 August 1990) is an Indian actor known for his work in Marathi language comedy Television Show Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra. He is featured in the Marathi films such as Timepass, Luckdown Be Positive, Timepass 3. Raut also acted in ZEE5 series Kaale Dhande, starring Mahesh Manjrekar, Sanskruti Balgude and Shubhankar Tawde in the lead roles. Along with Prarthana Behere, he will be seen in the lead role in Prasad Oak's film Sutka.

Sanskruti Balgude
Sanskruti Sanjay Balgude (born 19 December 1992) is an Indian actress who appears in the Marathi language entertainment industry. Balgude is best known for her film Sarva Line Vyasta Ahet. She made her debut in the Marathi TV show Pinjara (2011) which aired on Zee Marathi.
Tadeusz Płoski
Tadeusz Płoski (9 March 1956 – 10 April 2010) was a Polish military bishop and Major General. He was born in Lidzbark Warmiński.

He was appointed the Military Ordinary of the Polish Armed Forces, by Pope John Paul II on 16 October 2004. He was ordained a bishop on 30 October 2004. In this role he oversaw the spiritual needs and priests attached to the Polish Forces.

He was listed on the flight manifest of the Tupolev Tu-154 of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński which crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Pechersk near Smolensk, Russia, on 10 April 2010, killing all aboard.

In 2017, it was revealed that when the Polish state reopened the investigation into the crash and exhumed victim's bodies, testing revealed that Archbishop Miron Chodakowski's coffin contained his body from the waist up and the body of Ploski from the waist down. Only half of Ploski's body was found in his own coffin.

Smolensk North Airport
Smolensk North Airport (IATA: LNX, ICAO: UUBS) (Russian: военный аэродром "Смоленск-Северный", "Smolensk North Military Aerodrome") is a decommissioned military airbase in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located 4 km north of the city of Smolensk. It is now used as Smolensk's sole airport for civil and military flights. It has a remote revetment area with 8 pads and a Yakovlev factory at the southeast side of the airfield, the Smolensk Aviation Plant.
Logarithmic integral function
In mathematics, the logarithmic integral function or integral logarithm li(x) is a special function. It is relevant in problems of physics and has number theoretic significance. In particular, according to the prime number theorem, it is a very good approximation to the prime-counting function, which is defined as the number of prime numbers less than or equal to a given value x.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Tournament Capital Centre
The Tournament Capital Centre is a facility next to Thompson Rivers University's campus.  It hosts the Thompson Rivers WolfPack Basketball games. "The Fieldhouse consists of an indoor 6 lane, 200 metre track surrounding three NBA size basketball courts and seating for 2,200."

Tournament Capital Centre

Thompson Rivers WolfPack
The TRU WolfPack are the athletic teams that represent Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. They were known as the UCC Sun Demons prior to 2005. The WolfPack became an official member of the Canada West Universities Athletic Association on May 6, 2010.
Insect farming
Insect farming is the practice of raising and breeding insects as livestock, also referred to as minilivestock or micro stock. Insects may be farmed for the commodities they produce (like silk, honey, lac or insect tea), or for them themselves; to be used as food, as feed, as a dye, and otherwise.

Insect tea
Insect tea refers to teas (in the broad sense, not always tea proper) made from leaves bitten by, and the droppings of, insects fed on specific plants.  Most insect teas originate from the Southeast Asian region. They are often used in local traditional medicine, but have not been well-studied in the scientific literature.
Arriva Kent Thameside
Arriva Kent Thameside Limited, trading as Arriva Kent Thameside, formerly known as London Transport, London Country and Kentish Bus, is a bus operator based in north-west Kent, England. It is a subsidiary of Arriva UK Bus. The company operates services in Northfleet, Gravesend & Dartford as part of the Arriva Southern Counties division from their Northfleet depot.

Northfleet
Northfleet is a town in the borough of Gravesham in Kent, England. It is located immediately west of Gravesend, and on the border with the Borough of Dartford. Northfleet has its own railway station on the North Kent Line, just east of Ebbsfleet International railway station on the High Speed 1 line. According to the 2021 census, Northfleet has a population of 29,900 (rounded to the nearest 100).
Baron St Oswald
Baron St Oswald, of Nostell in the West Riding of the County of York, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1885 for the industrialist and Conservative politician Rowland Winn, a former Member of Parliament for North Lincolnshire. His son, the second Baron, represented Pontefract in the House of Commons. His grandson, the fourth Baron, held junior ministerial positions in the Conservative administrations of Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home and also sat as a Member of the European Parliament. As of 2017 the title is held by the latter's nephew, the sixth Baron, who succeeded his father in 1999.

The family seat is Nostell Priory, near Crofton, West Yorkshire. The house was handed over to the National Trust in 1953 but is still the home of the Barons St Oswald.

North Lincolnshire (UK Parliament constituency)
North Lincolnshire, formally known as the Northern Division of Lincolnshire or as Parts of Lindsey, was a county constituency in the Lindsey district of Lincolnshire.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
K. Thavalingam
Kanagaratnam Thavalingam is a Sri Lankan Tamil geographer and former Surveyor General of Sri Lanka.

Thavalingam is from Kaithady in northern Sri Lanka. He was educated at the Jaffna Hindu College. He is a fellow of the Surveyors Institute (of Sri Lanka) and a member of the institute's council.

Thavalingam was Senior Deputy Surveyor General and Additional Surveyor General. He became the 45th Surveyor General in 2013.

Kaithady
Kaithady (Tamil: கைதடி) is a suburb in the northern district of Jaffna in Sri Lanka, with a population of nearly 10,000. There are more than five primary schools and three secondary schools. They also have an Ayurveda University which is very useful for the most elderly people in the village.
Escape in the Dark
Escape in the Dark or Flight into Darkness (German: Flucht ins Dunkel) is a 1939 German crime film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Hertha Feiler, Joachim Gottschalk and Ernst von Klipstein.

It was made at the Babelsberg Studios outside Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Willi Herrmann.

The film is about two veterans of the First World War employed in a chemistry works laboratory.

Arthur Maria Rabenalt
Arthur Maria Rabenalt (25 June 1905 – 26 February 1993) was an Austrian film director, writer, and author. He directed more than 90 films between 1934 and 1978. His 1958 film That Won't Keep a Sailor Down was entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival. Two years later, his 1960 film Big Request Concert was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. His career encompassed both Nazi cinema and West German productions. He also wrote several books on the 1930s and 1940s wave of German cinema.
Henry Dolphus Smith
Henry Dolphus Smith (December 23, 1819 – November 22, 1889) was an Ontario political figure. He represented Leeds North and Grenville North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1867 to 1871.

He was born in Wolford Township, Grenville County, Upper Canada in 1819, the son of Methodist minister William Smith. He married Josephine Bass. Smith operated an iron foundry. He served as reeve for Wolford and for Merrickville. Before he was elected to the Ontario legislature, Smith ran unsuccessfully three times for the same seat in the legislative assembly of the Province of Canada. He defeated Ogle Gowan in the 1867 general election; he was defeated by Henry Merrick in the general election that followed in 1871.

He died in Nebraska in 1889.

Leeds North and Grenville North
Leeds North and Grenville North was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867 which allocated one member to the combined riding of the North Riding of Leeds and the North Riding of Grenville.

In 1882, the North Riding of Leeds and Grenville was defined to consist of the townships of South Elmsley, Wolford, Oxford and South Gower, and the villages of Smith's Falls, Kemptville and Merrickville.

The electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was redistributed between Grenville and Leeds ridings.
Yang Chaoyue
Yang Chaoyue (Chinese: 杨超越, born July 31, 1998) is a Chinese actress and singer. After finishing third in Tencent's girl group survival show Produce 101, she debuted as a member of Rocket Girls 101. She was named by China Newsweek as one of the most influential Chinese people in 2018.

Forbes China Celebrity 100
The Forbes China Celebrity 100 is a list published annually by Forbes that ranks the influence of Chinese celebrities. First published in 2004, it is similar to the Celebrity 100 also published by Forbes. Factors that are taken into account include income, search engine hits, as well as exposure in newspapers, magazines, and television.

Prior to 2010, the list only included celebrities born in mainland China. In 2010, it started to include Chinese celebrities born in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other countries or regions. The list was suspended in 2016 and 2018. It published only a top 10 ranking in 2021 and has been discontinued since.
Malaa
Malaa is a French electronic dance music DJ and producer, who is signed to Tchami's label Confession. He broke onto the electronic music scene through his single "Notorious", which was the second release on Confession. His identity is unknown as he appears in public as a balaclava-wearing man. His participation in the Pardon My French collective suggests he is French, as all other members are.

Balaclava (clothing)
A balaclava, also called a ski mask or racing mask (and sometimes a sheisty in African-American Vernacular English), is a piece of cloth headgear designed to expose only part of the face, usually the eyes and mouth. Depending on style and how it is worn, only the eyes, mouth and nose, or just the front of the face are unprotected. Versions with enough of a full face opening may be rolled into a hat to cover the crown of the head or folded down as a collar around the neck. It is commonly used in alpine skiing, snowboarding, motorsport and motorcycle racing.
Eki Movement
The beginning of the Eki Movement is generally attributed to the events at the Matrikund fair in Chittod. Here, a group of adivasis agreed to desist from paying taxes to jagirdars until the Maharana addressed the problems with the jagirdari system.

Maharana
The Maharana ("Great Rana") is a variation on the Indian royal title Rana. Maharana denotes 'great king' or 'high king', similar to the word "Maharaja". The term derives from the Sanskrit title "Mahārāṇaka".
Apozomus weiri
Apozomus weiri is a species of short-tailed whip-scorpions, also known as schizomids, in the Hubbardiidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1992 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.