hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Middendorff Bay
The Middendorff Bay, (Russian: Залив Миддендорфа) is a deeply indented bay in the shores of the Taymyr Peninsula. It is located southwest of the Nordenskiöld Archipelago in the Kara Sea and it is open towards the west.

Nordenskiöld Archipelago
The Nordenskiöld Archipelago or Nordenskjold Archipelago (Russian: Архипелаг Норденшельда, romanized: Arkhipelag Nordenshel'da) is a large and complex cluster of about 90 islands in the eastern region of the Kara Sea. Its eastern limit lies 120 km (75 mi) west of the Taymyr Peninsula. The archipelago is part of the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of Russia.

These are mainly formed by igneous rocks and are covered with tundra vegetation. Except for two polar stations, one which was permanent in Russky Island between 1935 and 1999 and a temporary one in Tyrtov Island (Tyrtova) (1940–1975), there is no permanent human presence in any island of the archipelago.
Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors
The discovery of an orally inactive peptide from snake venom established the important role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in regulating blood pressure. This led to the development of captopril, the first ACE inhibitor. When the adverse effects of captopril became apparent new derivates were designed. Then after the discovery of two active sites of ACE: N-domain and C-domain, the development of domain-specific ACE inhibitors began.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
Jim Challinor
James Pevitt Challinor (2 August 1934 – 18 December 1976) was an English rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s, and coached rugby league in the 1960s and 1970s. A Great Britain international representative three-quarter back, he played club level rugby league (RL) for Warrington (with whom he won the 1954 Challenge Cup), and Barrow (who he also captained). Challinor later coached Great Britain as well as Barrow, Liverpool City and St. Helens. Challinor is a Warrington Wolves Hall of Fame inductee, only two men have played in, and coached Rugby League World Cup winning Great Britain sides, they are; Eric Ashton, and Jim Challinor.

Liverpool Stanley
Liverpool Stanley was a semi-professional rugby league club from Liverpool, England. It was renamed Liverpool City in 1951, but was otherwise unrelated to the original Liverpool club of the same name. The club's origins date back to 1880 when it was founded as Wigan Highfield. Although the club was best known for its years in Liverpool, the club relocated numerous times, and were known as London Highfield, Huyton, Runcorn Highfield, Highfield, and eventually Prescot Panthers throughout their existence before being eventually wound up in 1996.
Eleonora cockatoo
The Eleonora cockatoo (Cacatua galerita eleonora), also known as the medium sulphur-crested cockatoo, is a subspecies of the sulphur-crested cockatoo. It is native to the Aru Islands in the province of Maluku in eastern Indonesia, but has also been introduced to Kai Islands. Avicultural populations are well-established in Europe and the United States.

The Eleonora cockatoo was named by Otto Finsch. He discovered the subspecies in Amsterdam's Artis zoo and named it after Maria Eleonora van der Schroef, the wife of the then director of the zoo. This subspecies was accepted by Gerlof Mees in 1972 and Joseph Forshaw (1989) and recognised by Edward C. Dickinson and James Van Remsen Jr. (2013).

Artis (zoo)
Natura Artis Magistra (Latin for "Nature is the teacher of art"), commonly known just as Artis (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑrtɪs]), is a zoo and botanical garden in the centre of Amsterdam. It is the oldest zoo in the Netherlands and fifth oldest zoo in the world that is still operating.

In addition to the zoo, Artis also contains an aquarium, a planetarium, an arboretum, Micropia, and the Groote Museum ("big museum" in Dutch). A part of the art collection is on display in the aquarium building of the zoo. Artis contains 27 historically significant (listed) buildings, bridges, and ponds, most of which are still used as animal enclosures.

The zoo is a member of the Dutch Zoo Federation (NVD), the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), Species360, the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) and the Nederlandse Vereniging van Botanische Tuinen (NVBT).
Poa fax
Poa fax is a species of grass in the family Poaceae, native to the Australian states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria. This species has the shortest scientific name of any plant. Poa (πόα) is Greek for "fodder", and fax is Latin for "torch" or "flame", referring to "its dense, spike-like inflorescence which resembles a torch with ascending tongues of flame". While the name Poa fax is accepted as valid by Flora of Australia, and some databases reflect this, such as POWO, WCSP and FloraBase, other sources such as Tropicos, WFO and GrassBase consider it a synonym of Neuropoa fax.

Flora of Australia (series)
Flora of Australia is a 59 volume series describing the vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens present in Australia and its external territories. The series is published by the Australian Biological Resources Study, who estimate that the series when complete will describe over 20,000 plant species. It was orchestrated by Alison McCusker.
Modestus (apologete)
Modestus (fl. AD 180–190) was a Christian apologete of the 2nd century.

According to Jerome, Modestus wrote a work Adversus Marcionem ("Against Marcion") during the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, i.e. c. AD 180. According to Eusebius, this work "exceeded all other confutations of that heretic."

Objection (argument)
In argumentation, an objection is a reason arguing against a premise, argument, or conclusion. Definitions of objection vary in whether an objection is always an argument (or counterargument) or may include other moves such as questioning.

An objection to an objection is sometimes known as a rebuttal.

An objection can be issued against an argument retroactively from the point of reference of that argument. This form of objection – invented by the presocratic philosopher Parmenides – is commonly referred to as a retroactive refutation.
566 Stereoskopia
566 Stereoskopia is a large, outer main-belt asteroid orbiting the Sun. It was discovered on 28 May 1905 from Heidelberg by German astronomer Paul Götz. The discovery was made from photographic plates with the use of a stereo-comparator that had been provided by Carl Pulfrich, a German physicist at the Carl Zeiss Company. The asteroid name is a reference to this device.

This object is a member of the  Cybele group located beyond the core of the main belt. It is orbiting at a distance of 3.39 AU with a period of 6.23 yr and an eccentricity of 0.12. The orbital plane is inclined at an angle of 4.9° to the plane of the ecliptic. Light curve analysis based on photometric data collected during 2008 provide a rotation period of 12.103±0.002 h for this asteroid. It has a diameter of approximately 167 km and is classified as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.

Carl Zeiss
Carl Zeiss (German: [kaʁl ˈtsaɪs]; 11 September 1816 – 3 December 1888) was a German scientific instrument maker, optician and businessman. In 1846 he founded his workshop, which is still in business as Zeiss. Zeiss gathered a group of gifted practical and theoretical opticians and glass makers to reshape most aspects of optical instrument production. His collaboration with Ernst Abbe revolutionized optical theory and practical design of microscopes. Their quest to extend these advances brought Otto Schott into the enterprises to revolutionize optical glass manufacture. The firm of Carl Zeiss grew to one of the largest and most respected optical firms in the world.
Celebration of the Union of the Ionian Islands
The Celebration of the Union of the Ionian Islands is an established anniversary in the Ionian Islands commemorating the union of the United States of the Ionian Islands with the Kingdom of Greece on May 21, 1864. This day is an official public holiday for the Ionian Islands Region and includes various events centered in the city of Corfu.

Ionian Islands
The Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: Ιόνια νησιά, Ionia nisia; Ancient Greek, Katharevousa: Ἰόνιαι Νῆσοι, Ioniai Nēsoi) are a group of islands in the Ionian Sea, west of mainland Greece. They are traditionally called the Heptanese ("Seven Islands"; Ἑπτάνησα, Heptanēsa or Ἑπτάνησος, Heptanēsos; Italian: Eptaneso), but the group includes many smaller islands in addition to the seven principal ones.

As a distinct historic region, the collective of islands date to the centuries-long Venetian rule, which kept them outside Ottoman control, and created a distinct cultural identity with many Italian influences. The Ionian Islands became part of the modern Greek state in 1864. Administratively today, they belong to the Ionian Islands Region except for Kythera, which belongs to the Attica Region.
Medr Babur
Medr Babur is a football club from Ethiopia. They have played in the Ethiopian Premier League, but currently play in Ethiopian Second Division.

In 1977 the team were League champions.

In the 1978 African Cup of Champions Clubs they were knocked out in the first round by Al-Tahaddy of Libya.

Al Tahaddy SC
Al-Tahaddi Sports Club is a Libyan football club based in Benghazi. They are a member of the top division in Libyan football, but were relegated in season 2007/08.  Their home stadium is Martyrs of February Stadium.
Tempe Butte
Tempe Butte (O'odham: ʼOidbaḍ Doʼag) is the official name of an andesite butte of volcanic origin, located partially on Arizona State University's Tempe campus in Tempe, Arizona.  It is often referred to by locals as A Mountain, after the 60-foot-tall (18 m) gold-painted letter 'A' near the top.  Another name for the area, used by the City of Tempe, is Hayden Butte.

The highest point of Tempe Butte stands at 1,495 feet (456 m) in elevation, while its base is at approximately 1,150 feet (350 m) in elevation.

Tempe Butte is most often seen as the backdrop to games held in Mountain America Stadium (historically Sun Devil Stadium).

Butte
In geomorphology, a butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word butte comes from the French word butte (French: [byt]), meaning 'knoll' (of any size); its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the Southwest, where mesa (Spanish for 'table') is used for the larger landform.

Due to their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas. To differentiate the two landforms, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.
Merrick Art Gallery
The Merrick Art Gallery is an early private art museum in western Pennsylvania, founded by industrialist Edward Dempster Merrick in 1880 in the old New Brighton, Pennsylvania railroad station.  The gallery, or museum, was expanded to two connected buildings holding 240 works of art, and remains open, free-of-charge, to the public.  The gallery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

New Brighton, Pennsylvania
New Brighton is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located along the Beaver River, 28 miles (45 km) northwest of Pittsburgh. The population was 5,729 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Young Labour (UK)
Young Labour is the youth section of the UK Labour Party. Membership is automatic for Labour Party members aged 14 to 26.

It exists to involve young people in the Labour Party and ensure that the aspirations of young people are reflected in Labour's policies in power. Young Labour members are able to get involved in the Labour Party through local policy events, campaigning or by attending events and social gatherings.

Young Labour hosts an annual conference, alternating between national committee elections and policy conferences every other year. Young Labour also holds a range of additional national events, including fringe sessions at the annual Labour Party Conference.

Young Labour is affiliated to both the International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY) and Young European Socialists (YES).

One man, one vote
"One man, one vote" or "one vote, one value" is a slogan used to advocate for the principle of equal representation in voting. This slogan is used by advocates of democracy and political equality, especially with regard to electoral reforms like universal suffrage, direct elections, and proportional representation.
2019–20 Qatar Stars League
The 2019–20 Qatari League, also known as the Qatar Stars League or QNB Stars League for sponsorship reasons, was the 47th edition of top-level football championship in Qatar. Al Sadd were the defending champions.

The league was halted on 16 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar, then later resumed on 24 July 2020.

COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar
The COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Qatar on 27 February 2020.

As of the 12th of September 2022, a total of 3,904,273 people have been tested in the country.

The reported number of deaths in Qatar has been low relative to the number of reported cases, which may be in part due to the country's adequate healthcare system and the fact that a high proportion of residents are young and healthy. However, Qatar throughout the pandemic has used much strict protocols since the country at the time of the pandemic was going to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Mission-based organization
Mission-based organization is often used as an alternative to terms such as non-profit and non-governmental organization. 
Mission-based organizations range from formally incorporated foundations and philanthropic agencies to informal neighborhood groups that undertake an ad hoc project.

They may be faith-based organizations, or secular organizations assisting in neighborhood welfare or improvement.

Faith-based organization
A faith-based organization is an organization whose values are based on faith and beliefs, which has a mission based on social values of the particular faith, and which most often draws its activists (leaders, staff, volunteers) from a particular faith group. The faith the organization relates to does not have to be academically classified as religion. The term "faith-based organization" is more inclusive than the term "religious organization" as it also refers to non-congregation faith beliefs.

Faith-based organizations are grass-root organizations active locally but also on an international scale. Their funding comes from member donations, but they are also eligible for state or international grants.

Currently, this terminology is widely used in governmental, inter-governmental, and non-governmental settings. World Bank prepared a list of international faith-based organizations.

Policymakers in Germany have recognized the potential of cooperating with faith-based organizations.
Tōkō-ji (Hagi)
Tōkō-ji (Japanese: 東光寺) is a Zen Buddhist temple located in Hagi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The temple is affiliated with the Ōbaku sect of Japanese Zen and its honzon is a statue of Shaka Nyorai. It is noted for hosting the tombs of several daimyōs of the Chōshū Domain and members of the Mōri clan.

Japanese Zen
See also Zen for an overview of Zen, Chan Buddhism for the Chinese origins, and Sōtō, Rinzai and Ōbaku for the three main schools of Zen in Japan

Japanese Zen refers to the Japanese forms of Zen Buddhism, an originally Chinese Mahāyāna school of Buddhism that strongly emphasizes dhyāna, the meditative training of awareness and equanimity. This practice, according to Zen proponents, gives insight into one's true nature, or the emptiness of inherent existence, which opens the way to a liberated way of living.
Chioides albofasciatus
Chioides albofasciatus, commonly known as the white-striped longtail, is a species of dicot skipper in the family of butterflies known as Hesperiidae. Chioides albofasciatus is found in Central America and North America.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Dalyia
Dalyia is a genus of worm-like fossilized organisms found in the Walcott Quarry and Trilobite beds of the Burgess Shale from the middle Cambrian. Due to its branching structure, it was previously interpreted as a red alga. However further examinations in 2015 suggest they may instead be pterobranchs, a class of small tube-dwelling worms. It has smooth or faintly lineated stems, which branch into up to four equal branches at branching points. 37 specimens of Dalyia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.07% of the community.

Walcott Quarry
The Walcott Quarry is the most famous quarry of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, located in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, bearing the Phyllopod beds.  This lies at the base of the Walcott Quarry member, on a ridge between Wapta Mountain and Mount Field, and three other quarries – the Raymond, UE and EZ – lie above it.  The quarry's proximity to the Cathedral escarpment led to the preservation of spectacular fossils.
Ann Lancaster
Ann Lancaster (5 May 1920 – 31 October 1970) was a well-known character actress who appeared in many British films, television shows and in theatre.

Lancaster specialised in comic roles and had a talent for voices which she often used on radio to portray children and to do voiceovers for television commercials. Her most high-profile film roles were in The Million Pound Note (1953), A Night to Remember (1958, uncredited as a woman on a train), The Dirty Dozen (1967), Fathom (1967), The Railway Children (1970), and in one Carry On Film Carry On Again Doctor (1969). She was the principal performer in the Ajax 'It cleans like a white tornado' advertisements on television. She was in the radio show: Mrs Dale's Diary, and appeared in many well-known television comedies including Hancock's Half Hour, Till Death Us Do Part, Tea at the Ritz, Hughie and The World of Beachcomber with Spike Milligan.

Mrs Dale's Diary
Mrs Dale's Diary (known as The Dales from 1962 to 1969) was the first significant BBC Radio serial drama. It was first broadcast on 5 January 1948 on the BBC Light Programme, later BBC Radio 2, running until 25 April 1969. A new episode was broadcast each weekday afternoon, with a repeat the following morning. The programme revolved around a doctor's wife, the eponymous Mrs Dale, and her life in middle class suburbia with her husband, Dr Dale.

The main scriptwriter for many years was Jonquil Antony, and her first collaborator (under a pseudonym) was Ted Willis, later to create Dixon of Dock Green. Mrs Dale was played by Ellis Powell until she left the show in 1963, and was replaced by Jessie Matthews.

Popular with audiences, it became "a national institution", and the Queen Mother reportedly said of the programme, "It is the only way of knowing what goes on in a middle-class family."
Birtwell
Birtwell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alec Birtwell (1908–1974), English cricketer

Celia Birtwell (born 1941), British textile and fashion designer

Ian Birtwell (born 1944), English rugby player and coach

Alec Birtwell
Alexander Joseph Birtwell (17 December 1908 – 20 November 1974) was an English cricketer. A leg-break spin bowler and tail-end right-handed batsman, Birtwell made fourteen appearances for Lancashire between 1937 and 1939.
Whatmough
Whatmough is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Colin Whatmough (1950–2011)

Francis Whatmough (1856–1904), English cricketer

Jack Whatmough (born 1996), English footballer

Joshua Whatmough (1887–1964), English linguist, professor, and writer

Thomas Whatmough (1844–1911), English cricketer

Joshua Whatmough
Joshua Whatmough (June 30, 1897 – April 25, 1964) was an English linguist, professor, and writer from Rochdale, Lancashire who served as the president of the Linguistics Society of America in 1951. He was also the chairman of the department of linguistics at Harvard University from 1926 to his retirement in 1963. He studied comparative philology and classics at the University of Manchester and the University of Cambridge.
Strife (TV series)
Strife is an Australian comedy drama series written and produced by Sarah Scheller. The Binge Original series stars Asher Keddie. It debuted on 6 December 2023. The second series was released on 8 May 2025.

Bruna Papandrea
Bruna Papandrea AM (born 1971) is an Australian film and television producer and the founder of production company Made Up Stories. Prior to Made Up Stories, Papandrea co-founded the production company Pacific Standard with Reese Witherspoon.
Paul Cheng
Paul Cheng Ming-fun, JP (born 19 October 1936, Xiamen) is a Hong Kong entrepreneur and politician. He was first appointed to Legislative Council in 1988 and was the LegCo member for the Commercial (First) constituency (1995–97) and also the Provisional Legislative Council (1996–98). He was the chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce from 1992 to 1994 and honorary steward of the Hong Kong Jockey Club.

Commercial (First) functional constituency
The Commercial (First) functional constituency (Chinese: 商界（第一）功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1985. The constituency is composed of corporate members of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce (HKGCC) that are entitled to vote at general meetings of the Chamber.

It is one of the oldest functional constituencies created for the first elections to the Legislative Council in 1985. Prior to that, the Chamber had its representatives in the council thoroughly through elections at the general meetings since 1884. It corresponds to the Commercial (First) Subsector in the Election Committee.