hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
China Young Volunteers Association
The China Young Volunteers Association (CYVA; Chinese: 中国青年志愿者协会) is a volunteering organization in China. It works under the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China and is a member of the All-China Youth Federation and the United Nations CCIVS. CYVA was created on December 5, 1994. It is the first organization to govern volunteer efforts in China on a national scale.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
Moradi Formation
The Moradi Formation is a geological formation in Niger. It is of Late Permian age.  It is informally divided into three subunits. The lower portion of the formation consists of red mudstone, with muddy calcareous sandstone and quartz-granlule conglomerate present as lenses. The middle portion consists of muddy siltstone in thick beds interbedded with red argillaceous sandstone. The lower two thirds of the upper portion of the formation consist of red siltstone intercalated with channel lag intraformational conglomerates, while the upper third consists of barchanoid shaped lenses of conglomeratic sandstone with ventifacts. These facies are indicatived of deposition under arid conditions, with less than 300 millimetres (12 in) of annual rainfall in the Central Pangean desert, with annual temperatures of 30 to 35 °C (86 to 95 °F), but with ephemeral water presence including lakes.

Lopingian
The Lopingian,  informally the Late or Upper Permian, is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian, and last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.

The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian.

The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma.

Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.
Onattukara
Odanad (Malayalam: ōṭānāṭŭ, also known as Onattukara,Kayamkulam, Onad, Kallikoilon and Chirava Svaroopam) was a feudal state in late medieval Kerala.

It was established in the 11th century, and disestablished in 1746 when it became part of Travancore Kingdom after the King Marthanda Varma's northern expedition. The last king of Odanad was King Kotha Varma. At the time of its dissolution, it was composed of the present-day taluks of Mavelikkara, Karthikapally, Chenganur in the Alappuzha district and Karunagapally in the Kollam district. Another name of onattukara is kayamkulam. In the 15th century, the capital of Odanad was moved from Kandiyoor-Muttom to Eruva and Krishnapuram in Kayamkulam, which led to the state being called Kayamkulam. After this shift, Kayamkulam became the commercial centre of Odanad, while Mavelikkara remained its cultural centre. Odanad was controlled by Nair lords, among whom the ruler of Kayamkulam was the most prominent.

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
Hossein Abadian
Hossein Abadian (born January 22, 1962, in Lar, Iran) is a contemporary Persian Iranologist and historian. He was born in Lar, Fars province. He is a professor at the Department of History at Imam Khomeini International University, and also an academic board member of Historia Iranica.

Iranian studies
Iranian studies (Persian: ايران‌شناسی Irânšenâsi), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, language, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It is a part of the wider field of Oriental studies.

Iranian studies is broader than Persian studies, which is the study of the Persian language and literature specifically. The discipline of Iranian Studies focuses on broad trends in culture, history, language and other aspects of not only Persians, but also a variety of other contemporary and historical fellow Iranian peoples, such as Kurds, Lurs, Gilakis, Talysh, Tajiks, Pashtuns, Ossetians, Baluchis, Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Parthians, Sogdians, Bactrians, Khwarazmians, and Mazandaranis.
Wellborn Jack
Wellborn Jack, Sr. (November 27, 1907 – June 1, 1991), was an attorney from Shreveport, Louisiana, who was a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Caddo Parish serving from 1940 to 1964. He finished in sixth place for five at-large seats in the general election held on March 3, 1964.

Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Caddo Parish (/ˈkædoʊ/; French: Paroisse de Caddo) is a parish located in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Louisiana. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the parish had a population of 237,848. The parish seat and largest city is Shreveport, which developed along the Red River.

The city of Shreveport is the economic and cultural center for the tri-state region of the Ark-La-Tex containing Caddo Parish. Caddo Parish is included in the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan statistical area.
Kloštar Ivanić
Kloštar Ivanić is a settlement and the surrounding municipality in central Croatia, located in the Zagreb County, about 50 kilometres southeast of the city of Zagreb and 30 kilometers north of Sisak. According to the 2011 census, there are 6,091 inhabitants in Kloštar Ivanić proper and the surrounding ten villages which make up the municipality, 97.2% of whom are ethnic Croats. The municipality is part of the Moslavina microregion. The nearest town is Ivanić-Grad, only 4 kilometres away.

Sisak
Sisak (pronounced [sǐːsak]; also known by other alternative names) is a city in central Croatia, spanning the confluence of the Kupa, Sava and Odra rivers, 57 km (35 mi) southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and is usually considered to be where the Posavina (Sava basin) begins, with an elevation of 99 m. The city's total population in 2021 was 40,185 of which 27,886 live in the urban settlement (naselje).

Sisak is the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina County, Croatia's biggest river port and a centre of river shipping industry (Dunavski Lloyd). It lies on the D36 state road and the Zagreb-Sisak-Novska railway. Sisak is a regional economic, cultural and historical center. The largest oil refinery in Croatia is located in Sisak.
Douglas Hulick
Douglas Hulick is an American fantasy writer.

Born in Fargo, North Dakota, he obtained a B.A. in history and English at the University of Illinois, and a master's degree in medieval history at New Mexico State University. He subsequently worked odd jobs and turned to writing fantasy fiction after chancing on a dictionary of historical criminal jargon.

His sword and sorcery novel, Among Thieves, was a finalist for the 2011 Kitschies Golden Tentacle award for best debut novel.

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
Iliamna Lake
Iliamna Lake or Lake Iliamna (/ˌɪliˈæmnə/ IL-ee-AM-nə; Yup'ik: Nanvarpak; Dena'ina Athabascan: Nila Vena) is a lake in southwest Alaska, at the north end of the Alaska Peninsula, between Kvichak Bay and Cook Inlet, about 100 miles (160 km) west of Seldovia, Alaska. It shares a name with the Iliamna River, which flows into it, and the nearby community of Iliamna, Alaska.

It is the largest lake in Alaska, 7th largest lake in the United States, and twenty-fourth in North America. Covering about 2,600 km2 (1,000 sq mi), Iliamna Lake is 77 miles (124 km) long and up to 22 miles (35 km) wide, with a maximum depth of 988 feet (301 m). Through the Kvichak River, its waters drain into Bristol Bay.

Seldovia, Alaska
Seldovia (Alutiiq: Angagkitaqnuuq; Dena'ina: Angidahtnu; Russian: Селдовия) is a city in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States. As of the 2020 census, Seldovia had a population of 235. It is located along Kachemak Bay southwest of Homer. There is no road system connecting the town to other communities, so all travel to Seldovia is by airplane or boat.

The Alaska Native people of Seldovia make up approximately one quarter of the population and have ancestors of Aleut and Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) descent, as well as some Dena'ina.
Ingression coast
An ingression coast or depressed coast is a generally level coastline that is shaped by the penetration of the sea as a result of crustal movements or a rise in the sea level.

Such coasts are characterised by a subaerially formed relief that has previously experienced little deformation by littoral (tidal) processes, because the sea level, which had fallen by more than 100 metres during the last glacial period, did not reach its current level until about 6,000 years ago.

Depending on the geomorphological shaping of the flooded landform – e.g. glacially or fluvially formed relief – various types of ingression coast emerge, such as rias, skerry and fjard coasts as well as förde and bodden coasts.

Skerry
A skerry (/ˈskɛri/ SKERR-ee) is a small rocky island, or islet, usually too small for human habitation. It may simply be a rocky reef. A skerry can also be called a low sea stack.

Skerries may have vegetative life such as moss and small, hardy grasses. They are often used as resting places by animals such as seals and birds.
Andre M. Davis
Andre Maurice Davis (born February 11, 1949) is the former city solicitor for Baltimore and a former United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He was formerly a United States district judge and was nominated first for a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit by President Bill Clinton in 2000. He was renominated to the Fourth Circuit by President Barack Obama on April 2, 2009, and he was confirmed by the Senate on November 9, 2009. On February 28, 2014 Davis assumed senior status. Davis retired from the federal bench to become the City Solicitor for the City of Baltimore of which he served from 2017 to 2020.

United States District Court for the District of Maryland
The United States District Court for the District of Maryland (in case citations, D. Md.)  is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of Maryland. Appeals from the District of Maryland are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Notable past judges of this district include William Paca, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence. The United States Attorney for the District of Maryland represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of June 25, 2025, the U.S. attorney is Kelly O. Hayes.
History of monarchy in Australia
Australia is a constitutional monarchy whose Sovereign also serves as Monarch of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and eleven other former dependencies of the United Kingdom including Papua New Guinea, which was formerly a dependency of Australia. These countries operate as independent nations, and are known as Commonwealth realms. The history of the Australian monarchy has involved a shifting relationship with both the monarch and also the British government.

The east coast of Australia was claimed in 1770, by Captain James Cook, in the name of and under instruction from King George III. The colony of New South Wales was founded in the name of the British sovereign eighteen years later, followed by five more: Tasmania (1825), Western Australia (1829), South Australia (1836), Victoria (1851), and Queensland (1859).

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Gwynedd who, from the late 12th century, used it (albeit inconsistently) to assert their supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. However, to mark the finalisation of his conquest of Wales, in 1301, Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title, thereby beginning the tradition of giving the title to the heir apparent when he was the monarch's son or grandson. The title was later claimed by the leader of a Welsh rebellion, Owain Glyndŵr, from 1400 until 1415.

King Charles III created his son, William, Prince of Wales on 9 September 2022, the day after his accession to the throne, with formal letters patent issued on 13 February 2023. The title has become a point of controversy in Wales.
Edwin Milton Abbott
Edwin Milton Abbott (June 4, 1877 – November 8, 1940) was an American lawyer and poet, born in Philadelphia and educated at Central High School and the University of Pennsylvania. He was admitted to the bar in 1896 and subsequently distinguished himself in criminal cases.  He was chief counsel in the fight of the Philadelphia commuters against the railroads, a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 1911–12, chairman of the Commission on the Revision of Criminal Laws in the State of Pennsylvania, 1912–15 and 1917–23, and in 1913 minority nominee for judge of the Court of Common Pleas.  He was appointed as secretary of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology in 1913.

Abbott was the author of Thoughts in Verse (1922) and The Law and Religion (1938).

Bar association
A bar association is a professional association of lawyers as generally organized in countries following the Anglo-American types of jurisprudence. The word bar is derived from the old English/European custom of using a physical railing (bar) to separate the area in which court or legal profession business is done from the viewing area for the general public or students of the law.

Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their jurisdiction; others are professional organizations dedicated to serving their members; in many cases, they are both. In many Commonwealth jurisdictions, the bar association comprises lawyers who are qualified as barristers or advocates in particular, versus solicitors (see bar council). Membership in bar associations may be mandatory (necessary to practice law) or optional (voluntary) for practicing attorneys, depending on jurisdiction.
Colonia Peralvillo
Colonia Peralvillo is a colonia located in the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City, just northwest of the city's historic center.  It has been a poor area since colonial times, but the modern colonia was not established until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although the area has been the setting for a number of literary works and films, today the area is known for violence and crime, especially shootings and the selling of stolen auto parts.

Colonia (Mexico)
In Mexican urban geography, colonias (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlonjas]) are barrios.

The name of the colonia must be specified when writing a postal address in Mexican cities. Usually colonias are assigned a specific postal code; nonetheless, in recent urban developments, gated communities are also defined as colonias and share the postal code of adjacent neighborhoods.

Colonias do not have jurisdictional autonomy or representation.
Archips purpuranus
Archips purpuranus, the omnivorous leafroller moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in most of eastern North America.

The length of the forewings is 8.5–11 mm for males and 10.5–12.5 mm for females. Adults are on wing from June to July in one generation per year in most of the range.

The larvae are polyphagous and have been recorded feeding on the foliage of a large range of plants, including Rhus, Erigeron annuus, Solidago, Betula (including Betula papyrifera and Betula populifolia), Viburnum, Cornus canadensis, Sedum, Sempervivum, Vaccinium, Lupinus, Quercus macrocarpa, Geranium, Ribes, Sassafras, Maianthemum racemosum, Fraxinus, Fragaria, Malus, Prunus (including Prunus pensylvanica and Prunus virginiana), Rubus (including Rubus plicatus), Spiraea, Populus tremuloides, Salix, Mandragora, Tilia americana and Viola species. They reach a length of 20–30 mm when full grown.

Sempervivum
Sempervivum (/sɛmpəˈvaɪvəm/) is a genus of about 40 species of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, commonly known as houseleeks. Other common names include liveforever (the source of the taxonomical designation Sempervivum, literally "always/forever alive") and hen and chicks, a name shared with plants of other genera as well. They are succulent perennials forming mats composed of tufted leaves in rosettes. In favourable conditions they spread rapidly via offsets, and several species are valued in cultivation as groundcover for dry, sunny locations.
Mistos
Mistos (Match Cover or Matches) is the name given to a group of sculptures by artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen located in the La Vall d’Hebron neighborhood of Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain. The statue was unveiled in 1992 in anticipation for the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona and depicts several matches bending out of a matchbook, with several of the “burned” matches strewn about the nearby intersection. Like most of Oldenburg and van Bruggens’ works, the statues are made of painted steel and concrete.

Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg (January 28, 1929 – July 18, 2022) was a Swedish-born American sculptor best known for his public art installations, typically featuring large replicas of everyday objects. Another theme in his work is soft sculpture versions of everyday objects. Many of his works were made in collaboration with his wife, Coosje van Bruggen, who died in 2009; they had been married for 32 years. Oldenburg lived and worked in New York City.
Mile Krajina
Mile Krajina (c. 15th of November 1923 – 15 October 2014) was a noted gusle player from Croatia, who sang traditional folk songs.

Many of his songs were about his birthplace Oklaj in the Cetina region. He mentions reading the works of famous Croatian poet Andrija Kačić Miošić in primary school as an early influence for his poems and songs. As late as August 2009, he continued to perform for folklore festivals around the country.

He was known for referring to current topics in his songs and for his performances within the scope of political rallies or commemorations.

He died at Osijek, in 2014.

Oklaj
Oklaj is a village in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia.

It is located in inland of the Dalmatia Adriatic coastline, about 15 km south of Knin and 14 km northwest of Drniš. It is situated between the southwest slopes of Promina mountain and the southern bank of the Krka river. Its favourable geographic position in the south-western part of Dinaric regions, provides an excellent connection for traffic between Central Croatia inland and the Adriatic Sea.

Oklaj is the administrative centre of the Promina municipality. In 2011 it had a population of 469 inhabitants.
Lincoln Park (Marion, Ohio)
Lincoln Park is located in Marion, Ohio. It served as the home of the Marion Red Sox, a Boston Red Sox minor league affiliate, from 1949 to 1951. It is still is use today by amateur baseball teams.

The ballpark previously served as home to Marion minor league teams beginning in 1915. The 1915 Marion Senators of the Class D level Buckeye League, 1937 Marion Presidents, 1944 Marion Diggers and 1944 to 1947 Marion Cardinals (St. Louis Cardinals affiliate), all members of the Class D level Ohio State League played at the ballpark. The Marion Cubs (Chicago Cubs affiliate) in 1948 preceded the Marion Red Sox as members of the Class D level Ohio-Indiana League and hosted games at Lincoln Park.

Lincoln Park was also the site of one NFL game in 1922.  On October 8 of that year, the Oorang Indians coached by Jim Thorpe,  played the only home game of their short two year existence defeated the Columbus Panhandles by the score of 20–6.

Buckeye League
The Buckeye League was a Class D level minor league baseball league that played briefly in the 1915 season. The six–team Buckeye League consisted of franchises based exclusively in Ohio. The Buckeye League played just a portion 1915 season before permanently folding. The Lima Boosters were the league champions in the shortened season.
Nangal Jamalpur
Nangal Jamalpur is a village in Jalandhar - I in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
1996–97 NHL transactions
This list is for 1996–97 NHL transactions within professional ice hockey league of players in North America. The following contains team-to-team transactions that occurred in the National Hockey League during the 1996–97 NHL season.  It lists what team each player has been traded to, or claimed by, and for which players or draft picks, if applicable.

Steve Chiasson
Steven Joseph Chiasson (April 14, 1967 – May 3, 1999) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman with the National Hockey League's Detroit Red Wings, Calgary Flames, Hartford Whalers and Carolina Hurricanes.

Chiasson died in an automobile accident, while driving under the influence, on May 3, 1999.
Ratnapur, Bangladesh
Ratnapur is an union in Agailjhara Upazila of Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Ratnapur had 999 households and a population of 4,105. It has a total area of 1.87 km2 (0.72 sq mi).

Barisal Division
Barisal Division (Bengali: বরিশাল বিভাগ, romanized: Borishal Bibhag; Bengali pronunciation: [boriʃal bibʱag]) is one of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Located in the south-central part of the country, it has an area of 13,225 km2 (5,106 sq mi), and a population of 9,325,820 at the 2022 census. It is the least populous division in Bangladesh. It is bounded by Dhaka Division on the north, the Bay of Bengal on the south, Chittagong Division on the east and Khulna Division on the west. The administrative capital, Barisal city, lies in the Padma River delta on an offshoot of the Arial Khan River. Barisal division is criss-crossed by numerous rivers that earned it the nickname Dhan-Nodi-Khal, Ei tin-e Borishal (rice, river and canal built Barisal).