hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Faggot voter
A faggot voter or faggot was a person who qualified to vote in an election with a restricted suffrage only by the exploitation of loopholes in the regulations. Typically, faggot voters satisfied a property qualification by holding the title to a subdivision of a large property with a single beneficial owner. Faggot voting was a common electoral abuse in the United Kingdom until the electoral reforms of the late 19th century.

Universal manhood suffrage
Universal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult male citizens within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote".
Lisa A. Carey
Lisa A. Carey is a Distinguished Professor in Breast Cancer Research at UNC School of Medicine, Division Chief of Hematology and Oncology, and physician-in-chief of the N.C. Cancer Hospital, UNC Lineberger's clinical home. She studied at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, and was named co-chair of the Alliance National Cooperative Group Breast Committee in 2016.

UNC School of Medicine
The University of North Carolina School of Medicine (UNC School of Medicine, UNC SOM) is the medical school of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Founded in 1879, it is one of the top-ranked medical schools in the US, received a Tier 1 ranking from U.S. News & World Report for both research (10th) and primary care (15th), and was ranked 23rd overall by Admit.org. The school is closely affiliated with UNC Health and UNC Medical Center, and serves as a major center for medical education, clinical care, and biomedical research in North Carolina.

The school offers a range of graduate and professional medical programs, including Doctor of Medicine (MD), combined MD/PhD, and combined MD/MPH degree programs, and academic health science programs including physical therapy, physician assistant, and clinical laboratory science.
Duan Sui
Duan Sui (Chinese: 段隨; died 386) was a monarch of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Yan dynasty. He was the only ruler of the short-lived state who was not a member of the Murong clan, the imperial clan of the Western Yan.

He was a general under the emperor Murong Chong, whose people wanted to return east to their homeland but who, after capturing the Former Qin capital Chang'an, wanted to settle in Chang'an, against the wishes of his people.  In spring 386, the general Han Yan (韓延) assassinated Murong Chong in a coup and supported Duan Sui as the Prince of Yan.  About a month later, however, the officials Murong Heng (慕容恆) and Murong Yong ambushed Duan Sui and killed him.  They supported Murong Yi, the son of the Former Yan Prince of Yidu Murong Huan (慕容桓) as the new Prince of Yan.

Chinese sovereign
The Chinese sovereign was the ruler of a particular monarchical regime in the historical periods of ancient China and imperial China. Sovereigns ruling the same regime, and descended from the same paternal line, constituted a dynasty. Several titles and naming schemes have been used throughout Chinese history.
USS Mulberry
USS Mulberry (AN-27/YN-22) was an Aloe-class net laying ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. She saw service in that conflict and the Korean War, earning one battle star for service in the latter conflict. She was decommissioned in April 1960 and placed in reserve. In November 1965, she was transferred to the Ecuadorian Navy as BAE Orion (HI-91). She was scrapped in 1980.

Ecuadorian Navy
The Ecuadorian Navy (Spanish: Armada del Ecuador) is an Ecuadorian entity responsible for the surveillance and protection of national maritime territory and has a personnel of 9,400 men to protect a coastline of 2,237 km which reaches far into the Pacific Ocean. The vessels are identified by a ship prefix of B.A.E.: Buque de la Armada del Ecuador (Ship of the Ecuadorian Navy) or L.A.E.: Lancha de la Armada del Ecuador (Boat of the Ecuadorian Navy).
Azhagu Nilayam
Azhagu Nilayam (transl. Beauty Parlour) is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by Rajaji. The film stars Vindhya and Swarnamalya, with Ponnambalam, Riyaz Khan, Thyagu, Rajeev, Salem Doctor Vijay,
Muthukaalai, Nalini, Lavanya, Kalairani, Sri Lakshmi, Poovilangu Mohan, and C. R. Saraswathi playing supporting roles. The film, produced by B. Kiran Bhandari, was released on 28 March 2008.

Sri Lakshmi (actress)
Aishwarya Lakshmi Priya, popularly known as Sri Lakshmi, is an Indian actress who is known for her comic roles in Telugu films. She has also appeared in Tamil films. More than 500 films to her credit, she later turned her attention towards television serials. Lakshmi has received four Nandi Awards for Best Female Comedian.
William T. Green
William T. Green (1860 – December 3, 1911) was an African-American attorney and civil rights activist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Born near Niagara Falls, Canada West in May 1860, Green immigrated to the United States in 1884, and within a couple of years, he became a leader of the African-American community in Milwaukee.

Green had a common school education and attended St. Catherines Collegiate Institute. After moving to Wisconsin in 1887 and working as a janitor in the state capitol building, he became one of the first black graduates of the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1892 (he is sometimes erroneously reported as the first), and as of his death, he was the only black lawyer in Milwaukee and local African-American member of the Wisconsin Bar Association. He established himself with an office in the Birchard Block in Milwaukee in 1893. His legal work ranged from murder and assault, to worker's compensation and constitutional issues.

Wisconsin State Capitol
The Wisconsin State Capitol, located in Madison, Wisconsin, houses both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature along with the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Office of the Governor. Completed in 1917, the building is the fifth to serve as the Wisconsin capitol since the first territorial legislature convened in 1836 and the third building since Wisconsin was granted statehood in 1848. The Wisconsin State Capitol is the tallest building in Madison, a distinction that has been preserved by legislation that prohibits buildings taller than the 187 feet (57 m) columns surrounding the dome.  That is, -within one mile of the Capitol.  1,032 feet above sea level=the 187-foot mark. The Capitol is located at the southwestern end of the Madison Isthmus in downtown Madison, bordered by streets that make up the Capitol Square.
BZW1
Basic leucine zipper and W2 domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BZW1 gene and expressed in the nucleus. It enables RNA and cadherin binding activity.

Salivary gland carcinoma and eastern equine encephalitis are associated with BZW1.

Salivary gland tumour
Salivary gland tumours, or neoplasms, are tumours that form in the tissues of salivary glands. The salivary glands are classified as major or minor. The major salivary glands consist of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The minor salivary glands consist of 800 to 1000 small mucus-secreting glands located throughout the lining of the oral cavity. People with these types of tumours may be asymptomatic.
Asset-backed commercial paper program
An asset-backed commercial paper program (ABCP program, ABCP conduit, or simply conduit) is a type of non-bank financial entity that issues short-term debt, known as asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP), to fund medium- to long-term assets. These programs act like banks by providing liquidity and transforming maturities—borrowing short-term to finance longer-term investments—but operate outside traditional banking regulation. This structure makes them part of the shadow banking system, which involves financial activities beyond the oversight of standard banking rules.

Often set up by banks, ABCP programs typically manage bank assets off-balance-sheet, possibly to bypass regulatory capital requirements, a practice that tied them to the 2008 financial crisis.

In terminology, "ABCP" refers to the commercial paper itself, with maturities ranging up to 270 days and averaging around 30 days, while "conduit" means the issuing program.

Liability (financial accounting)
In financial accounting, a liability is a quantity of value that a financial entity owes. More technically, it is value that an entity is expected to deliver in the future to satisfy a present obligation arising from past events. The value delivered to settle a liability may be in the form of assets transferred or services performed.
L. W. Ross House
The L. W. Ross House, near Taylorsville, Kentucky, is a historic house with Queen Anne-style influences which was built in about 1896.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

It has a hipped roof with gabled-roof extensions, and an octagonal tower.

Gable roof
A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge. The most common roof shape in cold or temperate climates, it is constructed of rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of a gable roof can vary greatly.
Erzgebirgskreis
Erzgebirgskreis is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the Ore Mountains (German: Erzgebirge), a mountain range in the southern part of the district which forms part of the Germany–Czech Republic border. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Vogtlandkreis and Zwickau, the urban district Chemnitz, the district Mittelsachsen and the Czech Republic.

Czech Republic–Germany border
The border between the Czech Republic and Germany (Czech: Česko-německá státní hranice; German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Tschechien) is the international border between the Czech Republic and Germany. It forms a 815 kilometres (506 mi) arc extending from the tripoint with Austria at the south to the tripoint with Poland at the north.
Chuleh Dan
Chuleh Dan (Persian: چوله دان, also Romanized as Chūleh Dān; also known as Choldān) is a village in Miankuh Rural District, Miankuh District, Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 571, in 107 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
Bert Patenaude
Bertrand "Bert" Arthur Patenaude (/ˈpætnoʊd/; November 4, 1909 – November 4, 1974) was an American soccer player who played as a forward. Although it was formerly disputed, he is officially credited by FIFA as the scorer of the first hat-trick in World Cup history. He is a member of the United States Soccer Hall of Fame.

American Soccer League (1921–1933)
The American Soccer League, established on May 7, 1921 by a group of investors, was the first of four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States to use the ASL name. It was formed by the merger of teams from the National Association Football League and the Southern New England Soccer League. For several years the ASL's popularity rivaled the popularity of the National Football League. Disputes with the United States Football Association and FIFA, as well as the onset of the Great Depression, led to the league's collapse in spring 1933.
2023 Celtic Challenge
The 2023 Celtic Challenge was the inaugural season of the Celtic Challenge, a cross-border women's rugby union competition with teams from Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. The competition consisted of three representative teams, one representing each nation. This was the only season following this format, with six new teams taking the field for the 2023-24 season.

Celtic Challenge
The Celtic Challenge is an annual cross-border women's rugby union, launched in 2023. Designed to develop players for the Celtic nations of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, the inaugural pilot edition featured a double round robin between three teams, one from each participating union. From 2024 the competition will involve six teams, two from each participating union. Beginning with the 2024–25 season, the competition will maintain its six-team setup, transitioning into a full home-and-away round-robin format. The winners will be determined by standings at the end of the season.

The three participating unions fund the competition, with further development funding from World Rugby.
FK Budva
FK Budva (Montenegrin: Cyrillic: ФК Будва/Фудбалски клуб Будва, Latin: Fudbalski klub Budva pronounced [fûdbalskiː klûːb bûdʋa]) is an amateur association football club based in Budva, Montenegro. The club was founded in 2015 and plays its home matches at Stadion Lugovi.

Montenegrin Second League
The Montenegrin Second League (Montenegrin: Druga crnogorska fudbalska liga – Druga CFL – 2. CFL) referred to as the Meridianbet 2. CFL for sponsorship reasons,  is the second-top football league in Montenegro. It is headed by the Football Association of Montenegro. Second Montenegrin League consists of 10 participants. The top team qualifies for the First League of Montenegro, the second and third one contest in a playoff match against the 8th and 9th team from the First League, while the bottom-placed two teams are relegated to any of the three third-tier leagues, to be replaced by the two winners of a three-way promotion playoffs, contested by the winners of the three Third League divisions.
Toudja
Toudja is a commune in northern Algeria in the Béjaïa Province in the Kabylia region. The liberal pied noir writer Jules Roy discussed it in his book on the Algerian war of independence.

Oranges are grown widely in the area. In Roman times its springs were an important source of water and there was an aqueduct taking water to the city of  Saldae (now Béjaïa).

Kabylia
Kabylia or Kabylie (/kəˈbɪliə/; Arabic: منطقة القبائل, lit. 'Area of the Tribes') is a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean.

Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia.
Ruth Winch
Ruth Isabel Winch (née Legh, 25 August 1870 – 9 January 1952) was a British tennis player who won a bronze medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.

Winch had a walkover in both round one and the quarter finals of the 1908 women's singles competition. In the semi-final she lost to Dorothea Chambers 6–1, 6–1.

From 1899 to 1922, Winch participated in nine editions of the Wimbledon Championships. Her best results in the singles event were achieved in 1904 and 1919 when she reached the quarterfinals.

In March 1907, she won the singles title at the Championship of Cannes, defeating Toupie Lowther in the final in straight sets.

Tennis at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Six tennis events were contested at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.
Indoor tennis events, on what were officially called 'covered courts', were held for the first time, along with the usual outdoor events. Women's events were contested, with women's singles (but not women's doubles or mixed doubles) and indoor women's singles. The indoor events were held at the covered courts of the Queen's Club and began on 6 May 1908, ahead of the official start of the Games while the outdoor tournament was played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club at Worple Road from 6 July through 11 July 1908. In total 50 players, 40 men and 10 women, competed. Five nations made their tennis debuts, while five more returned to competition for a total of ten nations. Two players, Les Poidevin and Wimbledon champion Anthony Wilding were nominated for Australasia but through administrative bungling they were not entered.
Hawthorne C. Gray
Hawthorne Charles Gray (February 16, 1889 – November 4, 1927) was a captain in the United States Army Air Corps. On May 4, 1927, he succeeded in setting a new altitude record in a silk, rubberized, and aluminum-coated balloon launched from Scott Field near Belleville, Illinois, reaching a human world altitude record of 42,470 ft (12.94 km). This record was not recognized by the FAI because Gray parachuted out of the balloon and did not land with his vehicle as per FAI rules. On November 4, 1927, Gray broke his own record by reaching more than 43,000 ft (13.1 km), but died during his descent after his oxygen supply became depleted. The record was recognized by the National Aeronautical Association, but not by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale because the dead aeronaut "was not in personal possession of his instruments." Gray was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his three ascents on March 9, May 4 and November 4.

Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. 
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. The term "aviation" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although "aeronautics" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while "aviation" technically does not.

A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.
Lord Nunatak
Lord Nunatak (80°21′S 24°1′W﻿ / ﻿80.350°S 24.017°W﻿ / -80.350; -24.017) is a nunatak 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) southwest of Baines Nunatak, midway between the Herbert Mountains and Pioneers Escarpment in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the U.S. Navy, 1967, and surveyed by the British Antarctic Survey, 1968–71. In association with the names of pioneers of polar life and travel grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after William B. Lord, a Canadian artilleryman and joint author with Thomas Baines of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel and Exploration, London, 1871.

Herbert Mountains
The Herbert Mountains (80°20′S 25°30′W﻿ / ﻿80.333°S 25.500°W﻿ / -80.333; -25.500) are a conspicuous group of rock summits on the east side of Gordon Glacier in the Shackleton Range of Antarctica. They were first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and named for Sir Edwin S. Herbert, Chairman of the Finance Committee and a Member of the Committee of Management of the expedition, 1955–1958.
1892 All-America college football team
The 1892 All-America college football team was composed of college football players who were selected as the best players at their respective positions for the 1892 college football season, as selected by Caspar Whitney for Harper's Weekly and Walter Camp. Whitney began publishing his All-America team in 1889, and his list, which was considered the official All-America team, was published in Harper's Weekly from 1891 to 1896. Harvard Law School student and football center William H. Lewis became the first African-American to be selected as an All-American in 1892, an honor he would receive again in 1893.

Harper's Weekly
Harper's Weekly, A Journal of Civilization was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by Harper & Brothers from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor, alongside illustrations. It carried extensive coverage of the American Civil War, including many illustrations of events from the war. During its most influential period, it was the forum of the political cartoonist Thomas Nast.
Computer-supported collaborative learning
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a pedagogical approach wherein learning takes place via social interaction using a computer or through the Internet. This kind of learning is characterized by the sharing and construction of knowledge among participants using technology as their primary means of communication or as a common resource. CSCL can be implemented in online and classroom learning environments and can take place synchronously or asynchronously.

The study of computer-supported collaborative learning draws on a number of academic disciplines, including instructional technology, educational psychology, sociology, cognitive psychology, and social psychology. It is related to collaborative learning and Computer Supported Cooperative Work.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Leonid Toptunov
Leonid Fedorovych Toptunov (Ukrainian: Леонід Федорович Топтунов, Russian: Леонид Фёдорович Топтунов; 16 August 1960 – 14 May 1986) was a Soviet nuclear engineer who was the senior reactor control chief engineer at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Reactor Unit 4 on the night of the Chernobyl disaster, 26 April 1986.

Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission. In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy. Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Prunus microphylla
Prunus microphylla is a species of Prunus found in the semi-arid regions of Mexico, able to thrive in areas that receive only 300 to 500 mm of rain annually. Judging from its morphology, it is most closely related to Prunus minutiflora. As its specific epithet suggests, its leaves are quite small, only 1 to 1.5 cm long. It is a dense shrub reaching about 1 m, with small white flowers. It was first described by Kunth as Amygdalus microphylla from the collections made by Humboldt during his voyage to the Americas from 1799 to 1804.

Carl Sigismund Kunth
Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850) was a German botanist. He was also known as Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth. He was one of the early systematic botanists who focused on studying the plants of the Americas.

Kunth's notable contributions include the publication of Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt Bonpland et Humboldt. This work spanned seven volumes and was published between 1815 and 1825.