hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bergagård
Bergagård is a locality situated in Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 250 inhabitants in 2010. It is located about 11 kilometers east of Falkenberg.

The village appeared for the first time in writing in 1569. The name is formed of the words berg (mountain) and gård (farm). It is located close to a hill with a view over river Ätran. 
Falkenbergs Motorbana auto racing circuit is located close to the village, which also hosts a school and a kindergarten. Large parts of the village were built in the 1970s when much housing construction took place.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
George Newman (MP)
George Newman (ca. 1562 – 7 June 1627), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Dover in 1601 and Canterbury in 1614 and 1621.

In March 1602 Newman was appointed judge of the Admiralty court of the Ports by Henry Brooke, warden of the Cinque Ports.

Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Canterbury is a constituency in Kent represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Rosie Duffield formerly of the Labour Party and since September 2024 an Independent.

The seat dates to the earliest century of regular parliaments, in 1295; it elected two MPs until 1885, electing one thereafter, before being altered by the Representation of the People Act 1918 (the later-termed "Fourth Reform Act", the first being in 1832).
1980 murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador
On December 2, 1980, four female Catholic missionaries from the United States working in El Salvador were raped and murdered by five members of the El Salvador National Guard (Daniel Canales Ramírez, Carlos Joaquín Contreras Palacios, Francisco Orlando Contreras Recinos, José Roberto Moreno Canjura, and Luis Antonio Colindres Alemán). The victims were Maryknoll sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline sister Dorothy Kazel and lay missionary Jean Donovan.

Ursulines
The Ursulines, also known as the Order of Saint Ursula (post-nominals: OSU), is an enclosed religious order of women that in 1572 branched off from the Angelines, also known as the Company of Saint Ursula. The Ursulines trace their origins to the Angeline foundress Angela Merici and likewise place themselves under the patronage of Saint Ursula. While the Ursulines took up a monastic way of life under the Rule of Saint Augustine, the Angelines operate as a secular institute. The largest group within the Ursulines is the Ursulines of the Roman Union.
Port of Puerto Princesa
The Port of Puerto Princesa is the Palawan baseport of the Philippine Ports Authority. It is located about Latitude 09° 44"N, Longitude 118° 43"E, on the western side of Puerto Princesa, westward of Princesa Strait, and the western side of Palawan Island. The port lies 558 meters from a coral reef on the southern portion of Bancao-Bancao Point. Its sea distance from Manila is 370.6 nautical miles (686.4 km). The Port of Puerto Princesa is a major port of entry at the island-province of Palawan.

Puerto Princesa City is located in the middle of the big stretch of the island, and as such, serves as the hub of transport (of goods and passengers) activities for both the northern and southern municipalities of the province.

Chart datum
A chart datum is the water surface serving as origin (or coordinate surface) of depths displayed on a nautical chart and for reporting and predicting tide heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum.  Common chart datums are lowest astronomical tide (LAT) and mean lower low water (MLLW). In non-tidal areas, e.g., the Baltic Sea, mean sea level (MSL) is used.

A chart datum is a type of vertical datum and must not be confused with the horizontal datum for the chart.
However, it is not necessarily an equigeopotential (a water "level surface"): the chart datum is tilted across smaller to larger tidal range regions; in rivers, it is a sloping and undulating surface following the low stage.
Lois Hole Centennial Provincial Park
Lois Hole Centennial Provincial Park is a provincial park and part of a designated Important Bird Area in Alberta, Canada, located immediately west from Edmonton and St. Albert. It was named after Lois Hole, former Lieutenant Governor of Alberta.

The park is situated on the shores of Big Lake, on the lower course of the Sturgeon River, at an elevation of 660 m (2,170 ft). It is maintained by Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation and was established on April 19, 2005, on lands designated in 1999 as Big Lake Natural Area (part of the Special Places program). It is the most recent provincial park to be established in the province, and Alberta's 69th in total.

Sturgeon River (Alberta)
The Sturgeon River is a 260-kilometre-long (160 mi) river in central Alberta. It is a major tributary of the North Saskatchewan River. The river crosses Sturgeon County, which was named for this river. For much of its length, the Sturgeon is the northwestern-most major river in the Hudson Bay drainage basin, as the river runs close to and parallel to the Arctic Divide.

At the Villeneuve station, Sturgeon River has a discharge of 0.4 to 3 m3/s.

Fish species which may be found in the river include:  walleye, pike, perch, burbot, goldeye, sturgeon, whitefish, and sauger.
Pike Whin Bog
Pike Whin Bog is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Easington district of east County Durham, England. It is situated just east of Hurworth Burn Reservoir, about 8 km west of Hartlepool.

The bog lies in a natural depression, in which the water table is at or above ground level for most of the year, and is one of the few remaining wetlands in lowland Durham.

The majority of the site is sedge fen, in which common cotton-grass, Eriophorum angustifolium, is the dominant species. A variety of grassland types occur around the edges of the fen.

Because of the scarcity of wetlands in lowland Durham, species associated with this habitat also have a very localised distribution. Particularly noteworthy at Pike Whin Bog are greater spearwort, Ranunculus lingua, slender tufted sedge, Carex acuta, marsh stitchwort, Stellaria palustris, and bog bean, Menyanthes trifoliata.

Ranunculus lingua
Ranunculus lingua, the greater spearwort, great spearwort, tongue-leaved crowfoot, or water buttercup, is a plant species in the family Ranunculaceae native to temperate areas of Europe, Siberia and through to the western Himalayas. It is a semiaquatic plant that prefers to grow in about 40 cm (16 in) of water in a variety of wetland habitats. A cultivar (or perhaps a traditional variety) called 'Grandiflorus', the large-flowered greater spearwort, has 6 cm (2 in) flowers and is favored by gardeners.
Big River (Washington)
The Big River is a Big River on the Olympic Peninsula in the U.S. state of Washington. A principal tributary of the Ozette River, the Big River originates in the northwestern Olympic Mountains and empties into the Ozette Lake.

Olympic Mountains
The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of the Pacific Northwest of the United States.  The mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, are not especially high – Mount Olympus is the highest summit at 7,980 ft (2,432 m); however, the eastern slopes rise precipitously out of Puget Sound from sea level, and the western slopes are separated from the Pacific Ocean by the low-lying 20 to 35 km (12 to 22 mi) wide Pacific Ocean coastal plain. These densely forested western slopes are the wettest place in the 48 contiguous states. Most of the mountains are protected within the bounds of Olympic National Park and adjoining segments of Olympic National Forest.

The mountains are located in western Washington in the United States, spread out across four counties: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson and Mason. Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which is in turn a part of the larger Pacific Mountain System.
Dictator literature
Dictator literature (abbreviated as dic-lit or dictator lit) is the body of literature written by or attributed to dictators. Although some dictator literature consists of poetry, most are prose, including such works as novels, theoretical texts, tracts, and memoirs. Vladimir Lenin is considered to be the father of dictator literature in the 20th century, and many other dictators of the century followed suit with their own writings, such as Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong.

Tract (literature)
A tract is a literary work and, in current usage, often religious in nature. The notion of what constitutes a tract has changed over time; by the early 21st century, the term refers to a brief pamphlet with religious or political themes. Tracts are often either left for someone to find or distributed as a medium of mass communication in the context of proselytism. However, there have been times in history when the term also implied much longer, tome-like works. The derivative tractate of scripture or the Talmud is the equivalent in Hebrew literature to a chapter of the Christian Bible.
Electoral district of Swan Hills
Swan Hills is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.

The district is located in the outer north-east of Perth.

Swan Hills is a marginal seat. It has been held by the government of the day on every occasion since its creation in 1989.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Takbaş
Takbaş is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 828 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of antiquity). Çukurova Motorway (O.51) is to the north and Turkish state highway D.400 is to the south of the village. The distance to Tarsus is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) and to Mersin is 35 kilometres (22 mi). It is a typical Çukurova village, cotton and fresh vegetables being the main crops.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Pelopidas jansonis
Pelopidas jansonis  is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae). It is endemic to Japan. The larva feeds on  Miseanthus (Graminea). There are  two broods. The larva of the second brood hibernates.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
A Sense of Humour
A Sense of Humour (French: Le Sens de l'humour) is a Canadian crime comedy film, directed by Émile Gaudreault and released in 2011. The film stars Louis-José Houde and Benoît Brière as Luc Dubé and Marco Fortier, two stand-up comedians who are kidnapped by Roger Gendron (Michel Côté) after making fun of him in a comedy show, and must protect themselves from his revenge by teaching him the art of comedy.

The cast also includes Anne Dorval, Sonia Vachon, Pierrette Robitaille, Alexandre Goyette and Pierre Collin.

The film opened in theatres in July 2011.

The film received four Jutra Award nominations at the 14th Jutra Awards in 2012, for Best Supporting Actress (Vachon), Best Cinematography (Bernard Couture), Best Editing (Jean-François Bergeron) and Best Original Music (FM Le Sieur).

Anne Dorval
Anne Dorval (French pronunciation: [an dɔʁval]; born November 8, 1960) is a French Canadian television, stage, and film actress. She is known for her work with Xavier Dolan that includes appearing in five of his films, I Killed My Mother (2009), Heartbeats (2010), Laurence Anyways (2012), Mommy (2014) and Matthias & Maxime (2019). She has won five Gémeaux Awards for her work on television.
Iron Girls (TV program)
Iron Girls (Korean: 무쇠소녀단) is a South Korean television program featuring a group of actresses who take on athletic challenges; competing in a triathlon in season 1 (2024) and boxing in season 2 (2025). The program is produced by Bang Geul-yi.

The first season aired every Saturday at 17:50 (KST) from September 7 to November 16, 2024. The second season aired every Friday at 20:40 (KST) from July 11 to September 26, 2025. It is available for streaming outside South Korea on Viu.

Bang Geul-yi
Bang Geul-yi (Korean: 방글이; born May 17, 1987) often known by her nickname Bang PD ("PD" is a commonly used term in Korean television that denotes "producer-director" or "production director") is a South Korean director. Bang is best known for directing Season 4 of the popular variety show 2 Days & 1 Night.
William Dunbar (bishop)
William Dunbar, M.A. (6 October 1661 – 7 January 1746) was a Scottish Episcopal clergyman who served as the Bishop of Moray and Ross (1727–35) and Bishop of Aberdeen (1733–1745).

He was consecrated at Edinburgh as the bishop of the dioceses of Moray and Ross on 18 June 1727 by Arthur Millar, Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, with bishops Gadderar and Rattray serving as co-consecrators. He also became the Bishop of the Diocese of Aberdeen on 5 June 1733, but retained Moray and Ross until 1735.

He resigned the see of Aberdeen on 4 July 1745 and died on 7 January 1746, aged 84.

Arthur Millar
Arthur Millar (1649 – 9 October 1727) was a Scottish Anglican bishop in the first third of the 18th century.

Millar was born in 1649 and educated at the University of Aberdeen. He was the incumbent at Dumbarton, Musselburgh then Leith. He was consecrated a college bishop on 22 October 1718 and became Bishop of Edinburgh and Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church on 5 May 1727.

He died on 9 October 1727.
Owen Matthews
Owen Matthews (born December 1971) is a British writer, historian and journalist. His first book, Stalin's Children, was shortlisted for the 2008 Guardian First Book Award, the Orwell Prize for political writing, and France's Prix Médicis Etranger. His books have been translated into 28 languages. He is a former Moscow and Istanbul Bureau Chief for Newsweek.

Guardian First Book Award
The Guardian First Book Award was a literary award presented by The Guardian newspaper. It annually recognised one book by a new writer. It was established in 1999, replacing the Guardian Fiction Award or Guardian Fiction Prize that the newspaper had sponsored from 1965. The Guardian First Book Award was discontinued in 2016, with the 2015 awards being the last.
Harriet Louisa Browne
Harriet Louisa Browne (1 July 1829–9 April 1906) was a New Zealand political salon hostess, community leader and letter-writer. She was born in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.

She was married to Thomas Robert Gore Browne, governor of New Zealand in 1855–1861 and Tasmania in 1861–1868, and exerted an acknowledged influence over his policy during his office. Browne was over 20 years her husband's junior and was well read, socially accomplished with a pleasant personality, and had an excellent understanding of the political environment in which she and her husband circulated. In addition to her influence over her husband, her hospitality and contribution to the social and cultural life during her husband's placements assisted him in influencing others to support his political views.

Harriet's diaries, scrapbooks, and correspondence with her husband are kept by Archives New Zealand and Alexander Turnbull Library.

Archives New Zealand
Archives New Zealand (Māori: Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga) is New Zealand's national archive. As the government's recordkeeping authority, it administers the Public Records Act 2005 and promotes good information management throughout government.
José Tamayo
José Tamayo (16 August 1920 – 26 March 2003) was a Spanish theatre director and producer, best known for his dramatic and zarzuela plays, epitomized by Antología de la Zarzuela (Zarzuela anthology). Born in Granada, Spain in 1920, 24-year old Tamayo began his theatrical journey in 1944 as part of a university theater group in Granada. He founded the Lope de Vega Company and, after performing in Valencia, he traveled to Madrid, where his company became the resident company of the Teatro Fuencarral. With this company, he popularized the genre of zarzuela, even beyond Spain.

From 1954 to 1962, he served as the director of the Teatro Español, was an entrepreneur at the Teatro Bellas Artes, and directed the Teatro Lirico Nacional In the 1950s, he contributed to the Spanish theater scene by introducing works by authors such as Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller (Death of a Salesman, 1952).

He received the Premio Max award of honor in 2002.

Arthur Miller
Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American actor and writer of plays in the 20th-century American theater. Among his most popular plays are All My Sons (1947), Death of a Salesman (1949), The Crucible (1953), and A View from the Bridge (1955). He wrote several screenplays, including The Misfits (1961). The drama Death of a Salesman is considered one of the best American plays of the 20th century.

Miller was often in the public eye, particularly during the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, he received a Pulitzer Prize for Drama, testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee, and married Marilyn Monroe. In 1980, he received the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates. He received the Praemium Imperiale prize in 2001, the Prince of Asturias Award in 2002, and the Jerusalem Prize in 2003, and the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize in 1999.
Open mouth operations
Open mouth operations are communications by a central bank that affect Central Bank interest rates. They are a tool of monetary policy. The term was coined by economists Graeme Guthrie and Julian Wright in the year 2000. While looking at the operations and communications of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, these economists found that communications by the central bank had a much more significant effect on the interest rate than did Central Bank operations. Unbeknownst to most economists, Open Mouth Operations let central banks change interest rates without significantly changing their daily monetary operations. Mario Draghi's 2012 statement that “the ECB will do whatever it takes to preserve the euro, and believe me, it will be enough”, is an example of a successful Open Mouth Operation used to lower the interest rates of Spanish government bonds: following the announcement, Spanish government bond interest rates dropped 352 basis points without the ECB having to purchase them.

Julian Wright (economist)
Julian Wright (born 18 March 1969 in New Zealand) is a Singapore-based academic and economist.  He is the Lim Chong Yah Professor at the National University of Singapore and was head of the Department of Economics from 2012 to 2019.

Wright completed a Bachelor of Science with honors at University of Canterbury in 1991. In 1996, he completed a doctorate at Stanford University. Wright works in the area of industrial organization, and specializes in the economics of multi-sided platforms such as online marketplaces, payment platforms, and booking platforms. He has consulted on the economics of platforms, and related competition policy and regulatory matters.

He is currently co-editor of the International Journal of Industrial Organization, a Singapore Competition Appeal Board Member, an Energy Market Authority Board Member and a member of NUS Alumni Ventures.
Pencil Rocket
The Pencil Rocket (ペンシルロケット, Penshiru roketto) was developed by the Avionics and Supersonic Aerodynamics (AVSA) research group in the early days of the Japanese space program.  A prominent engineer on the project was Hideo Itokawa.  The rocket was first launched on 12 April 1955.  The dimensions were 23 cm in length by 1.8 cm in diameter, weighing 200 grams.

Development of the Pencil rocket system started in 1954 when Hideo Itokawa formed a center for rocket development at the University of Tokyo. In 1955, Itokawa's team, began conducting experimental launches of pencil-type rockets. The team launched 29 rockets over their course of these first experiments in space launch. Afterwards, the team expanded its focus to atmospheric observation with the larger Kappa 6 rocket.

Japan donated a full-scale replica of the Pencil test rocket to the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in 1974.

Avionics
Avionics (a portmanteau of aviation and electronics) are the electronic systems used on aircraft. Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. These can be as simple as a searchlight for a police helicopter or as complicated as the tactical system for an airborne early warning platform.