hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fencing at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's épée
The men's épée was one of four fencing events on the Fencing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. The competition was held from 17 to 24 July 1908 at the Franco-British Exhibition fencing grounds. There were 85 competitors from 13 nations. Each nation could enter up to 12 fencers. The medals were swept by the French fencers, who also took the gold medal in the team épée event. Gaston Alibert was the gold medalist, with Alexandre Lippmann taking silver and Eugene Olivier bronze. Officially, it was the second consecutive medal sweep in the event, though two of the three "Cuban" fencers who medaled in 1904 were actually American.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
J. Allan Soares
J. Allan Soares is a retired American ice hockey player and coach who spent more than 15 years involved with Brown. After starring for the bears as a defenseman, Soares coached the freshman for seven seasons before replacing his former head coach James Fullerton in 1970. he left after 1974 to pursue a career in business but later coached Roger Williams College.

Brown Bears men's ice hockey
The Brown Bears men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Brown University. The Bears are a member of ECAC Hockey. They play at the Meehan Auditorium in Providence, Rhode Island.
2014 European Athletics Team Championships Super League
These are the complete results of the 2014 European Team Championships Super League on 21 and 22 June 2014 in Braunschweig, Germany. As with the previous championships there were a couple of rules applying specifically to this competition, such as the limit of three attempts in the throwing events, long jump and triple jump (only the top four were allowed the fourth attempt) and the limit of four misses total in the high jump and pole vault.

Two athletes, Quentin Bigot of France and Rutger Koppelaar of the Netherlands, were later found guilty of doping use. Their results were subsequently annulled and the points readjusted which cost France the third place and the bronze medal. Later more athletes from Russia and Turkey were found out to be doping and subsequently disqualified. The results of these athletes were also annulled but the reallocation of points did not change the position of any team.

Quentin Bigot
Quentin Bigot (born 1 December 1992) is a French athlete specialising in the hammer throw. He won the silver medal at the 2019 World Championships.

In July 2014 he was suspended for 4 years (2 on probation) for doping.

On 22 May 2021, he did his personal best with 78.99	m at Polideportivo Municipal, Andújar (ESP), improved on 8 June 2021 with 79.70 m at Paavo Nurmi Games in Turku.
1933 Baffin Bay earthquake
The 1933 Baffin Bay earthquake struck Greenland and the Northwest Territories (now Nunavut), Canada with a moment magnitude of 7.4 at 18:21:35 Eastern Time Zone on November 20.

The main shock epicenter was located in Baffin Bay on the east coast of Baffin Island. Shaking was only felt at the small town of Upernavik, Greenland. The event is the largest recorded earthquake to strike the passive margin of North America and is the largest north of the Arctic Circle. No damage was reported because of its offshore location and the small population of the nearby onshore communities.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Belontia signata
Belontia signata, the Ceylonese combtail, is a species of gourami endemic to Sri Lanka.  This species inhabits shallow, slow-flowing clear-water streams.  It can reach a length of 18 centimetres (7.1 in) TL though most are only around 10 centimetres (3.9 in).  It is also found in the aquarium trade.  The combtail, in addition to normal gills, has a labyrinth, or rudimentary lung-like organ which enables it to survive in poorly oxygenated water, or even out of water, for considerable periods of time. Combtails can often be observed taking air from the surface of their tank to replenish their labyrinth.

Anabantoidei
The Anabantoidei are a suborder of anabantiform ray-finned freshwater fish distinguished by their possession of a lung-like labyrinth organ, which enables them to breathe air. The fish in the Anabantoidei suborder are known as anabantoids or labyrinth fish, or colloquially as gouramies (which more precisely refers to the family Osphronemidae). Some labyrinth fish are important food fish, and many others, such as the Siamese fighting fish and paradise fish, are popular as aquarium fish.
John Gurdon (died 1623)
John Gurdon (c. 1544 – 21 September 1623) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1571.

Gurdon was the son of Robert Gurdon of Assington, Suffolk and his wife Rose Sexton, daughter of Robert Sexton of Lavenham, Suffolk and widow of William Appleton of Little Waldingfield.  He was a student of Inner Temple in 1558.

In 1571, Gurdon was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Sudbury. He succeeded to Assington on the death of his father in 1578 and was a J.P. for Suffolk from about 1579. In 1585 he was Sheriff of Suffolk.

Gurdon died at the age of about 78 in 1623.

Gurdon married Amy Brampton, daughter of William Brampton of Letton, Norfolk through whom he acquired the estate of Letton. They had a daughter and a son Brampton who also became MP for Sudbury.

Lavenham
Lavenham is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is noted for its Guildhall, Little Hall, 15th-century church, half-timbered medieval cottages and circular walks. In the medieval period it was among the twenty wealthiest settlements in England. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1722.
Legrain
Legrain is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Georges Legrain (1865–1917), French Egyptologist

Marcel Legrain (1890–1915), French rugby union player

Paul Legrain, French cyclist

Philippe Legrain, British political economist and writer

Pierre Legrain (1920–2005), French hammer thrower

Sarah Legrain (born 1985), French politician

Philippe Legrain
Philippe Legrain is a British political economist and writer. He specializes in global and European economic issues, notably globalisation, migration, the post-crisis world and the euro. A visiting senior fellow at the London School of Economics' European Institute, he is a former adviser to European Commission president José Manuel Barroso from 2011 to 2014.
Walter Dürst (ice hockey, born 1950)
Walter Dürst (born June 4, 1950) is a retired Swiss professional ice hockey forward who last played for HC Davos in the National League A. He also represented the Swiss national team at the 1976 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 1976 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament  at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria, was the 13th Olympic Championship. The Soviet Union won its fifth gold medal. Games were held at the Olympiahalle Innsbruck.
Coordination Office for the Preservation of Written Cultural Heritage
The Coordination Office for the Preservation of Written Cultural Heritage (KEK) supports, coordinates and optimises the preservation of original written materials in archives, libraries and museums. Its goal is to help safeguard the cultural memory of Germany.

Preservation (library and archive)
In conservation, library and archival science, preservation is a set of preventive conservation activities aimed at prolonging the life of a record, book, or object while making as few changes as possible. Preservation activities vary widely and may include monitoring the condition of items, maintaining the temperature and humidity in collection storage areas, writing a plan in case of emergencies, digitizing items, writing relevant metadata, and increasing accessibility. Preservation, in this definition, is practiced in a library or an archive by a conservator, librarian, archivist, or other professional when they perceive a collection or record is in need of maintenance.

Preservation should be distinguished from interventive conservation and restoration, which refers to the treatment and repair of individual items to slow the process of decay, or restore them to a usable state. "Preventive conservation" is used interchangeably with "preservation".
Lake Llamacocha
Lake Llamacocha (possibly from Quechua llama llama, qucha lake) is a lake in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Pallasca Province, Conchucos District, northeast of Conchucos. It is situated at an elevation of 3,501 m (11,486 ft) comprising an area of 0.041169 km2 (41,169 m2).

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
New Zealand Advanced Ordnance Depot
The ANZUK Ordnance Depot was established in 1971 to provide logistical support to Australian, New Zealand and British forces stationed in Singapore and Malaysia as part of ANZUK Force. It was commanded by a Royal Army Ordnance Corps officer of the rank of lieutenant colonel and staffed by Australian, New Zealand and United Kingdom personnel and Locally Employed Civilians. This organisation operated for only a short period. Australia changed Government in 1972 and the incoming Labor Government decided to withdraw Australia’s commitment to the region. This took effect in 1974 and was followed later by the withdrawal of the British forces. It was then decided that New Zealand should form its own Advanced Ordnance Depot, designated the New Zealand Advanced Ordnance Depot (NZAOD). This was the start of a commitment which was to last until December 1989.

East of Suez
East of Suez is a term used in British military and political discussions in reference to interests east of the Suez Canal, and may or may not include the Middle East. The phrase was popularised by Rudyard Kipling in his 1890 poem "Mandalay". It later became a popular song when a tune was added by Oley Speaks in 1907.
Tetraneuris scaposa
Tetraneuris scaposa (common names stemmy four-nerve daisy and  stemmy hymenoxys) is a North American species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to the southwestern and south-central United States (Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas).

Tetraneuris scaposa is a perennial herb up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 100 above-ground stems. Leaves are concentrated low on the stem, close to the ground. Flower heads can either be present individually one per stem, or multiply in tight clumps. Each head has 12–26 ray flowers surrounding 25–180 disc flowers.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Thomas Wildcat Alford
Thomas Wildcat Alford (July 15, 1860 – August 3, 1938) was an Absentee Shawnee who became one of the first Native Americans to become enrolled in the American school system intended to conform indigenous peoples to the customs of Christian Anglo-Americans. He attended Hampton Institute and converted to Christianity, subsequently relinquishing his expectations to become chief upon returning to his tribe. Rejected by the Shawnees because of his conversion, Alford became a teacher at an Indian boarding school and played a significant role in advocating for Indian allotment and assimilation.

Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians
The Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma (or Absentee Shawnee) is one of three federally recognized tribes of Shawnee people. Historically residing in what became organized as the upper part of the Eastern United States, the original Shawnee lived in the large territory now made up of Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and neighboring states. In total, they occupied and traveled through lands ranging from Canada to Florida, and from the Mississippi River to the eastern continental coast.

After Indian Removal, most of the people settled in Indian Territory (now the state of Oklahoma). In 1936, the Absentee Shawnee Tribe reorganized their government and became federally recognized. Their headquarters is in Shawnee, Oklahoma. Their tribal jurisdictional area includes land in Oklahoma in both Cleveland and Pottawatomie counties. The other federally recognized tribes are the Shawnee Tribe and the Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma.
Paul King (screenwriter)
Paul Donaldson King (July 14, 1926 – July 10, 1996) was an American producer and screenwriter. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Original Screenplay for the film Operation Petticoat.

King died in July 1996 of cancer at his home in Newport Beach, California, at the age of 69. He was interred at Pacific View Memorial Park in Corona del Mar, Newport Beach.

Pacific View Memorial Park
Pacific View Memorial Park is a cemetery located in the Corona del Mar neighborhood of Newport Beach, in Orange County, California. It first opened in 1958, and is the final resting place of actor John Wayne and basketball player Kobe Bryant.
Olyutor Peninsula
Olyutor Peninsula (Russian: Олюторский полуостров) is a peninsula in Kamchatka Krai, Russian Federation. The nearest town is Tilichiki, Olyutorsky District.

The peninsula is named after the Olyutor people, the ancient inhabitants of the area.

Alyutors
The Alyutors (Russian: Алюторцы; self designation: Алутальу, or Alutal'u; Alyutor: нэмэлу, nəməlʔu;) are an ethnic group (formerly classified as a subgroup of Koryaks) who live on the Kamchatka Peninsula and Chukchi Peninsula of the Russian Far East. Today most of them live in Koryak Okrug of Kamchatka Krai.

The name also occurs as Olyutors or Olutors, as well as Olyutorka, a settlement where many of the Alyutor people formerly lived.

According to the 2021 Russian census, 96 people identified as Alyutors, but some estimates suggest that there could be approximately 2,000 to 3,000 of them living in Russia in the present day.
Taeko Kawata
Taeko Kawata (川田 妙子, Kawata Taeko; born March 20, 1965) is a Japanese voice actress best known for voicing Amy Rose from the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise. Her former stage name is Taeko Yamada (山田 妙子, Yamada Taeko). After graduating from Jissen Commercial High School, she worked at 81 Produce until 2010. On October 1, 2019, she announced the formation of a private firm, T-River LLC, and the opening of a private school at the same time.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Lives of the Prophets
The Lives of the Prophets is an ancient apocryphal account of the lives of the prophets of the Old Testament. It is not regarded as scripture by any Jewish or Christian denomination. The work may have been known by the author of some of the Pauline epistles, as there are similarities in the descriptions of the fates of the prophets, although without naming the individuals concerned.

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
Staring-baai
Staring-baai (Dutch for Staring Bay) is a bay off the southeast peninsula of Sulawesi in Indonesia. It lies slightly southeast of Kendari, the provincial capital of South East Sulawesi, where it opens to the east onto the Banda Sea.

During World War II, the bay was a refueling checkpoint for warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy (when the island was generally called Celebes). Sorties out of Staring-baai included the air raids on Darwin, February 19, 1942 and the later Indian Ocean raid against Allied forces and shipping around Ceylon.

4°5′14″S 122°43′32″E﻿ / ﻿4.08722°S 122.72556°E﻿ / -4.08722; 122.72556

Southeast Sulawesi
Southeast Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesian pronunciation: [sulaˌwesi t̪əŋˈɡara]; often abbreviated to Sultra, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈsʊlt̪ra]),  is a province on the island of Sulawesi, forming the southeastern peninsula of that island, together with a number of substantial offshore islands such as Buton, Muna, Kabaena and Wawonii (formerly called Wowoni), together with many smaller islands. It is bordered by South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi to the north, sharing a maritime border with Maluku and North Maluku to the east and East Nusa Tenggara to the south, as well a very narrow maritime border with East Timor to the south. The capital is the city of Kendari, on the east coast of the peninsula.

The province has no highway road connecting to the rest of the island, and the primary transportation link is a ferry across the Bone Gulf between Watampone (Bone) in South Sulawesi and the port of Kolaka in Southeast Sulawesi.
Ed Miller (Kentucky politician)
Edwin Earl “Ed” Miller (August 22, 1931 – May 2, 2005) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky Senate from 1999 to 2003. Miller was elected in 1998, defeating incumbent senator Denny Nunnelley for renomination. In 2002, redistricting moved the 30th district to southeastern Kentucky. Miller instead ran in the 28th district, losing the Democratic nomination to incumbent senator R. J. Palmer.

He died in May 2005 at age 73.

Kentucky Senate
The Kentucky Senate is the upper house of the Kentucky General Assembly.  The Kentucky Senate is composed of 38 members elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth.  The Kentucky Senate meets at the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort annually beginning in January. Sessions last for 60 legislative days in even-numbered years and 30 legislative days in odd-numbered years.

The Republican Party has had control of the Senate since 1999, currently holding 32 seats, with the Democratic Party holding 5, and 1 seat being vacant. Senators serve four-year terms with no term limits; half (19) of the senators are up for election every second year, coinciding with federal House of Representatives and Senate elections.
Mikuláš Konopka
Mikuláš Konopka (born 23 January 1979 in Rimavská Sobota) is a Slovak retired shot putter.

Konopka originally won the bronze medal at the 2002 European Indoor Championships with a personal best throw (indoor) of 20.87 metres, but tested positive for stanozolol and lost the medal. He was suspended between March 2002 and March 2004.

His personal best throw outdoor is 20.66 metres, achieved in May 2001 in Ostrava. He currently holds the Slovak indoor record with 21.57, achieved when he won the 2007 European Indoor Championships.

On 13 May 2008 Konopka tested positive for metandienone and subsequently received a lifetime ban from competing due to a second doping violation.

2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in the National Indoor Arena (NIA) in Birmingham, England, from Friday, 2 March to Sunday, 4 March 2007. Birmingham also held the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Nihang Khan
Bhai Nihang Khan (Gurmukhi: ਨਿਹੰਗ ਖ਼ਾਨ, Shahmukhi: نهنگ خاں) was the zamindar ruler of a small feudal estate called Kotla Nihang Khan near Ropar in Punjab, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire (Today located in Punjab, India). He was a friend and follower of the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. The Guru and his associates frequently stayed with Nihang Khan, who often sheltered and provided succor to them in the period when they were facing persecution by Mughal forces. By way of faith and ethnicity, Nihang Khan was a Muslim Pathan.

Guru Gobind Singh and Nihang Khan first met on the Amavas of the month of Maghar in Vikram Samvat year 1745 (corresponding to 1688 CE). Nihang Khan was so impressed that he declared that he would "dedicate his all in the cause of the Guru." To honor him, Sikh religious literature often refers to him as Bhai Nihang Khan. One of Nihang Khan's sons was Bhai Alam Khan, whose wedding the Guru also attended on May 3, 1694.

Subah of Lahore
The Subah of Lahore (Punjabi: لہور دا صوبہ, romanized: La(h)ōr Dā Sūbāh; Persian: صوبه لاهور, romanized: Sūbah-yi-Lāhor) was one of the three subahs (provinces) of the Mughal Empire in the Punjab region, alongside Multan and Delhi subahs, encompassing the northern, central and eastern Punjab. It was created as one of the original 12 Subahs of the Mughal Empire under the administrative reforms carried by Akbar in 1580. In 1752, the Subahdar Moin-ul-Mulk transferred his allegiance to Ahmad Shah Durrani. The province ceased to exist as a political unit after the death of Adina Beg in 1758, with large parts being incorporated into Durrani Empire. Collectively, Lahore and Multan subahs, and parts of Delhi subah, comprised "Mughal Punjab".