hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kostanecki acylation
The Kostanecki acylation is a method used in organic synthesis to form chromones or coumarins by acylation of O-hydroxyaryl ketones with aliphatic acid anhydrides, followed by cyclization. If benzoic anhydride (or benzoyl chloride) is used, a particular type of chromone called a flavone is obtained. It was named after Polish chemist Stanisław Kostanecki.

Flavone
Flavone is an organic compound with the formula C6H4OC3H(Ph)O. A white solid, flavone is a derivative of chromone with a phenyl (Ph) substituent adjacent to the ether group.  The compound is of little direct practical importance, but substituted derivatives, the flavones and  flavonoids are a large class of nutritionally important natural products. Flavone can be prepared in the laboratory by cyclization of 2-hydroxacetophenone.  Isomeric with flavone is isoflavone, where the phenyl group is adjacent to the ketone.
Bearnese
Bearnese refers to anything of or relating to Béarn, especially the Bearnais people meaning native of Béarn, and may refer directly to the following articles:

Béarnese dialect

Béarnaise sauce

Béarnaise cattle

Basco-béarnaise, a type of sheep

Béarnaise sauce
Béarnaise sauce (/bɛərˈneɪz/; French: [be.aʁ.nɛz] ⓘ; Occitan: Bearnesa) is a sauce made of clarified butter, egg yolk, white wine vinegar, and herbs.  It is regarded as a "child" of hollandaise sauce. The difference is in the flavoring: béarnaise uses shallot, black pepper, and tarragon, while hollandaise uses white pepper or a pinch of cayenne.

The sauce's name derives from the province of Béarn, France. It is a traditional sauce for steak.
Sichfrith mac Ímair
Sichfrith mac Ímair (Old Norse: Sigfrøðr Ívarrsson [ˈsiɣˌfrøðz̠ ˈiːˌwɑrːsˌson]; died 888), also known as Sigfred Ivarsson and Sigfrodo, was a ninth-century King of Dublin. He was a son of Ímar and a member of the Uí Ímair.

Corpus of Electronic Texts
The Corpus of Electronic Texts, or CELT, is an online database of contemporary and historical documents relating to Irish history and culture. As of 8 December 2016, CELT contained 1,601 documents, with a total of over 18 million words. In 1992, CELT originated from the ashes of an unsuccessful partnership between University College Cork (UCC/NUI) and the Royal Irish Academy (RIA) through a project named  CURIA. According to CELT, the database "caters for academic scholars, teachers, students, and the general public, all over the world".
Book M
Book M is the third studio album by Secret Chiefs 3, released on 11 September 2001 by Web of Mimicry. According to a post the band made on Facebook, "Our distributor’s release date was September 18. Our label’s release date was Sept. 11. Our trusty label’s mail-order  timed the CD shipment to land on people’s doorsteps right at that fateful moment on Sept 11. So if you’re one of the people who remembers this record playing during the period of major conflagration and upheaval, no you did not hallucinate that, and no you are not alone. A majority of people got the record on Sept 11." Founding member Trevor Dunn appeared on only one song, due to scheduling conflicts with the metal supergroup Fantômas in which he also performs.

Web of Mimicry
Web of Mimicry is an independent record label based in San Francisco, California, specializing in avant-rock, experimental, and instrumental music. Founded in 1998 by guitarist Trey Spruance of Mr. Bungle and Secret Chiefs 3, the label serves as the primary home for Secret Chiefs 3 while supporting a roster of like-minded artists.
Colombia magia salvaje
Colombia magia salvaje (translatable into English as Colombia Wild Magic) is a Colombian documentary film released in 2015, directed by Mike Slee and produced for Éxito Group, by the Ecoplanet Foundation and the British firm Off The Fence. The film is a sample of the biodiversity of Colombia, recorded in 85 different locations to achieve the portrait of 20 ecosystems.

Malpelo Island
Malpelo is an oceanic island in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 500 km (310 mi) west of the Colombian mainland with a military post defended by the Colombian Armed Forces. It consists of a sheer and barren rock with three high peaks, the highest being the 300 m (980 ft) Cerro de la Mona. The island is about 1.5 kilometres (1 mile) in length from northeast to southwest, and 640 metres (700 yards) across at its widest.
Ramokgwebana
Ramokgwebana is a village in the North-East District of Botswana, close to the eastern border, which is defined by the Ramokgwebana River. Plumtree, Zimbabwe is on the other side of the border crossing.

The village is connected to Francistown to the south by an 80 kilometres (50 mi) road surfaced in bitumen that was completed by Sinohydro Corporation in 2012.
Ramokgwebana lies at the northern end of the only railway line in Botswana, which runs from Ramatlabama on the South African border north through Lobatse, Gaborone, Pilane, Mahalapye, Palapye, Serule, and Francistown. Trains once ran along this line from Johannesburg to Bulawayo in Zimbabwe, but that service no longer operates.

In May 2011 another outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease was reported in the Ramokgwebana area, a month after an outbreak was reported in Matsiloje, another village on the Zimbabwe border.

Palapye
Palapye is a growing town in Botswana, situated about halfway between Francistown and Gaborone (170 km (106 mi) from Francistown and 240 km (149 mi) from Gaborone). Over the years its position has made it a convenient stopover on one of Southern Africa's principal north–south rail and road routes.

Located here is the Morupule Colliery, which supplies Morupule Power Station, Botswana's principal domestic source of electricity. The power station has undertaken an expansion project to increase its generation capacity in an effort to meet the country's increasing demand for electricity. Construction began in 2010. As of May 2021, Morupule A plant produces 132 MW of electricity, while Morupule B produces 600 MW.

In 1997 Palapye was said to be the fastest-growing village in Africa, and was expected to expand its population from 30,000 to 180,000.
Lake Aylmer
Lake Aylmer (French: Lac Aylmer) is a lake located on the border of the Chaudière-Appalaches and Estrie regions of Quebec, Canada. It is shared by the Regional County Municipalities (RCM) of Les Appalaches, Le Granit and Le Haut-Saint-François.

Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality
Le Haut-Saint-François (French pronunciation: [lə o sɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa]; The Upper Saint-François [St. Francis]) is a regional county municipality in southeastern Quebec, Canada in the Estrie region. Its seat is in Cookshire-Eaton, and it is named for the Saint-François River which runs through the RCM.
Shaun Williams (rugby union)
Shaun Williams (born 13 April 1998) is a South African rugby union player.

Williams hails from a small community of Mooinooi on the platinum belt in the North West province. He attended Garsfontein High School in Pretoria on a bursary as a boarder. He was signed by the Golden Lions and he played for them at U19 and U21 levels, before making his senior debut for the team in the SuperSport Rugby Challenge. Williams was first called into the Blitzbok South African sevens squad in September 2021.

Williams played in the 2022 Commonwealth Games where South Africa won the gold medal. He competed for South Africa at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. They defeated Australia to win the bronze medal final.

Australia national rugby sevens team
The Australia national rugby sevens team represent Australia in men's rugby sevens. The team participates in the annual World Rugby Sevens Series competition and the quadrennial Rugby World Cup Sevens. Australia, being a member of the Commonwealth, also compete in the quadrennial rugby sevens event at the Commonwealth Games, as well as the Summer Olympics. Australia's best performance at the Commonwealth Games was silver at Delhi 2010, while at the Summer Olympics it is fourth at Paris 2024.
The Kid from Gower Gulch
The Kid from Gower Gulch is a 1950 American Western film directed by Oliver Drake and written by Elmer Clifton. The film stars Spade Cooley, Bob Gilbert, Wanda Cantlon, Jack Baxley, Billy Dix and Joe Hiser. The film was released on January 15, 1950, by Astor Pictures.

Astor Pictures
Astor Pictures was an American motion picture distribution company operating from 1930 to 1963. Founded by Robert M. Savini, it specialized in film re-releases. It later released independently made productions, including some of its own films made during the 1950s.
École de L'Aviation de Transport 319 Capitaine Jean Dartiques
École de L'Aviation de Transport 319 Capitaine Jean Dartiques is a French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) Transport Aviation School located at Avord Air Base, Cher, France which operates the Embraer EMB 121 Xingu.

Embraer EMB 121 Xingu
The Embraer EMB 121 Xingu (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʃĩˈɡu], named after the Xingu River) is a twin-turboprop fixed-wing aircraft built by the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer, Embraer.  The design is based on the EMB 110 Bandeirante, using its wing and engine design merged with an all-new fuselage.  The EMB 121 first flew on 10 October 1976.

A modified form of the EMB 121, the EMB 121A1 Xingu II, was introduced on 4 September 1981 with a more powerful engine (PT6A-135), increased seating (8 or 9 passengers) and a larger fuel capacity.

Before production ceased in 1987, Embraer had produced 106 EMB 121 aircraft, 51 of which were exported to countries outside Brazil.
1904 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1904 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1904 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 10–1 record under first-year head coach Charles D. Rafferty.  The team outscored its opponents by a combined 220 to 20 score with the only loss being by an 11–6 score to Army.

Four Yale players (quarterback Foster Rockwell, end Tom Shevlin, tackle James Hogan, and guard Ralph Kinney) were consensus picks for the 1904 College Football All-America Team.

1904 All-America college football team
The 1904 All-America college football team is composed of various organizations that chose All-America college football teams that season. The organizations that chose the teams included Collier's Weekly selected by Walter Camp.
Bridge whist
Bridge Whist and Straight Bridge are retronyms coined to distinguish the earliest form of Bridge from latter forms that included bidding.

Bridge Whist was a form of Russian Whist known as Biritch or Britch around the Eastern Mediterranean, in which instead of a simple auction as in  Yeralash, the dealer declared a trump suit or notrump and played partner's hand as Dummy.

The earliest rules for Biritch were published in 1886 in England by John Collinson, a railway engineer and financier who played the game in Constantinople with Russian Emigres in the 1880s. The form of Bridge played in Paris in the 1890s, which quickly replaced Whist in clubs of New York and England, was the same as Collinson's except that 1 notrump scored twelve points per trick instead of ten.

Yeralash
Yeralash (Russian: Ералаш, IPA: [jɪrɐˈlaʂ]) is a Soviet and Russian children's comedy television show and magazine. Yeralash also runs an actor studio and the "Yeralash Island" camp. The word yeralash means "mixed, mishmash" or "jumble" and is taken from the Turkic languages.
Doodh Ka Karz
Doodh Ka Karz (English: Debt of milk) is a 1990 Indian Bollywood action drama film directed by Ashok Gaekwad and produced by Salim Akhtar. The film was dubbed in Marathi as Dudhache Upkar. It stars Jackie Shroff and Neelam Kothari in pivotal roles.

Ashok Gaikwad
Ashok Gaikwad is an Indian film director who has directed several feature films. Most of his films have been produced by Salim Akhtar's production house Aftab Pictures. His first notable film was Qatil (1988) starring Aditya Pancholi and Sangeeta Bijlani. He was prominent in the 1990s with many Mithun Chakraborty and Jackie Shroff starrers. Some of his films are Phool Aur Angaar, Izzat, Police Officer and Krishan Avtaar.
U1A polyadenylation inhibition element (PIE)
The U1A polyadenylation inhibition element (PIE) is an RNA element  which is responsible for the regulation of the length of the polyA tail of the U1A protein pre-mRNA. The PIE is located in the U1A mRNA 3' UTR. PIE adopts a U-shaped structure, with binding sites for a single U1A protein at each bend and when complexed with the two proteins it blocks activity of poly(A) polymerase (PAP), and inhibits its activity.

Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase
In enzymology, a polynucleotide adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + RNA-3'OH  pyrophosphate + RNApA-3'OH

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and RNA, whereas its two products are pyrophosphate and RNA with an extra adenosine nucleotide at its 3' end.

Human genes with this activity include TUT1, MTPAP, PAPOLA, PAPOLB, PAPOLG, TENT2, TENT4A, TENT4B, TENT5C, TENT5D.
Chenogne massacre
The Chenogne massacre was a war crime committed by members of the 11th Armored Division, an American combat unit, near Chenogne, Belgium, on January 1, 1945, during the Battle of the Bulge.

According to eyewitness accounts, an estimated 80 German prisoners of war were massacred by their American captors; the prisoners were assembled in a field and shot with machine guns. It was one of several war crimes committed during the Battle of the Bulge by members of both Allied and Axis forces.

The events were covered up at the time, and none of the perpetrators were ever punished. Postwar historians believe the killings were carried out on verbal orders by senior commanders that "no prisoners were to be taken".

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
Seikai
Seikai is the Japanese word for stars. Its usage in English usually refers to a series of various works by Hiroyuki Morioka:

Seikai no Monshō (Crest) a trilogy of light novels released April to June 1996, adapted into a 13-episode TV series in 1999, with a film that aired 7 April 2000

Seikai no Senki (Banner or Battle Flag) a series of 5 light novels that began December 1996, adapted into a 25-episode anime series (season 1 was 13 TV episodes in 2000 (beginning April 14 after the Monsho film), season 2 was 10 TV episodes in 2001, season 3 was 2 OVAs in 2005)

Seikai no Danshō (Fragments) two compilations of short stories by Morioka released in 2005 and 2007. The first edition contained a story originally published in 1996 which had been made into a TV special on 25 August 2000.

Seikai no Danshō
Fragments of the Stars (星界の断章, Seikai no Danshō) is a series of books collecting short stories by Hiroyuki Morioka, set in the same universe and involving characters from his novels Crest of the Stars and Banner of the Stars, with many of them originally published in the S-F Magazine. The word Dansho refers to a passage from a written work, but there is currently no consensus on how the title should be translated. One story later included in the 2005 compilation Seikai no Dansho I, "Birth", was made into an anime OVA in 2000, four years after it was  published in the S-F Magazine and five years before the consolidation of that story into the 2005 edition.
Mister Pilipinas Worldwide 2025
The Mister Pilipinas Worldwide 2025 was the third edition of the Mister Pilipinas Worldwide pageant that took place on April 28, 2025, at the Newport Performing Arts Theater in Pasay, Philippines. The Mister Pilipinas Worldwide 2024 winners passed on their titles to their respective successors.

Newport Performing Arts Theater
The Newport Performing Arts Theater (NPAT), also known as simply Newport Theater, is a performing arts center on the grounds of Newport World Resorts in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is a modern multi-purpose theater named after its location in the Newport Mall and entertainment complex connected to the integrated resort in the 25-hectare (62-acre) Newport City township. The 1,500-seat facility opened in 2010 and holds the widest stage in the Philippines. It is one of the three major performing arts venues in Metro Manila that plays host to both touring and locally-produced musicals, live stage shows, concerts, and regular televised events such as awards ceremonies and pageants.
HMS Canada
Four ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Canada, after the former British colony and modern Dominion of Canada:

HMS Canada (1765) was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line launched in 1765. She became a prison ship in 1810, and was sold broken up in 1834.

HMS Canada was to have been a 112-gun Wolfe-class first rate. She was laid down in 1814, but cancelled in 1832 and broken up on the stocks.

HMS Canada (1881) was a screw corvette launched in 1881 and sold in 1897.

HMS Canada (1913) was a battleship that the Chilean Navy had ordered as Almirante Latorre. She was launched in 1913, but the British government purchased her in 1914 after the outbreak of the First World War. The British government resold her to Chile in 1920, and as Almirante Latorre she served the Chilean Navy until she was broken up in Japan after 1959.

Wolfe-class ship of the line
The Wolfe-class ship of the line was a 112-gun first-rate ship of the line class of two ships of the Royal Navy. The class was ordered during the arms race on the Great Lakes during the War of 1812 between Britain and America. Built at Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard, the ships were similar in design to their predecessor on Lake Ontario, the 102-gun HMS St Lawrence, but also included a quarterdeck or poopdeck. The two ships of the class, Wolfe and Canada, were laid down towards the end of 1814 but had not been completed when the war ended in the following year. Construction was suspended and the ship frames were left at the dockyard until 1831 and 1832 respectively when they were cancelled.
Dan Hurley (author)
Dan Hurley is an American science reporter and 60-Second Novelist.  He has written several books and contributed pieces to The New York Times, Wired, The Washington Post, Neurology Today and The Atlantic.

Science Reporter
Science Reporter  is a monthly popular science magazine that has been published in India since 1964 by the National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, a government agency based in New Delhi. It is published in English and is read principally in India and neighbouring countries.

The magazine was originally intended to make citizens aware of the research taking place in various scientific institutions in the country. It has now outgrown this initial agenda, becoming a popular science magazine that covers many national and international science issues. There are reports of current interest, as well as essays written by eminent national scientists on modern technologies, the country's science policy, and the like. Regular columns on science fiction, puzzles, hobby projects, crosswords are also present.
Weobley Castle, Herefordshire
Weobley Castle was a ringwork and bailey castle in the English county of Herefordshire (grid reference SO40365135). The castle belonged to the De Lacy family who also owned the castles of Ludlow and Ewyas Harold. Walter de Lacy, as Lord of Meath, was one of the most powerful magnates in Ireland. King John I of England doubted his loyalty and so took de Lacy's property into his possession.  The estates were put under the custodianship of William de Braose, de Lacy's father-in-law. In 1208 de Braose used Weobley Castle to attack the king's property in Herefordshire. He fled to Ireland, seeking safety with Walter de Lacy in Trim Castle; John pursued him and punished the pair. Walter de Lacy, his brother Hugh, and William de Braose failed to appease the king and fled to France. As a result, all the de Lacy property was taken into the possession of the Crown. All that remains of the castle are severely damaged earthworks.

Earthworks (archaeology)
In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath the surface.
Atremaea lonchoptera
Atremaea lonchoptera is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in large part of Europe, except Ireland, Great Britain, the Iberian Peninsula, Switzerland, Belgium, Fennoscandia, the Baltic region and the western Balkan Peninsula. It is also found in Russia (southern Ural and western and southern Siberia).

The wingspan is 16–30 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing in July.

The larvae feed on Typha species.

Typha
Typha /ˈtaɪfə/ is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. These plants have a variety of common names, in British English bulrush or (mainly historically) reedmace, in American English cattail or punks, in Australia cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada bulrush or cattail, and in New Zealand raupō, bullrush, cattail, or reed.

The genus is largely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, where it is found in a variety of wetland habitats. Although they can accumulate toxins in polluted areas, many parts of the plant are edible, including the starchy rhizomes.
CFPG-FM
CFPG-FM (99.1 MHz, Country 99) is a commercial radio station in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Owned by Corus Entertainment, it broadcasts a country format branded as "Country 99". Its transmitter is off St. Mary's Road in Duff Roblin Provincial Park, while its studios located at 201 Portage in Downtown Winnipeg.

201 Portage
201 Portage (formerly TD Centre, Canwest Place, and CanWest Global Place) is an office tower at the northwest corner of the Portage and Main intersection in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. As of 2023, it is the second-tallest building in Winnipeg since the completion of the Artis Reit Residential Tower, at 300 Main Street.
Nordvision
Nordvision is a cooperative venture, established in 1959, between five Nordic public service broadcasters: Denmark's DR, Norway's NRK, Iceland's RÚV, Sweden's SVT and Finland's YLE. Sweden's SR and UR, Greenland's KNR, Åland's ÅRTV and the Faroe Islands' KVF are associate members.

Nordvision's main task is the co-production and exchange of television programmes. It has its secretariat in Copenhagen, at DR Byen.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
Junction and Breakwater Railroad
The Junction and Breakwater Railroad was a 38 mile long railroad that ran between Harrington, Delaware and Lewes with a spur to Rehoboth Beach, Delaware during the late 19th Century. It passed through Milford, Ellendale and Georgetown. In 1883, it merged with the Breakwater and Frankford Railroad and the Worcester Railroad to become the Delaware, Maryland and Virginia Railroad which was eventually purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad.

Part of the line remains in use and others have been abandoned, with parts converted into trail.

Georgetown, Delaware
Georgetown is a town in and the county seat of Sussex County, Delaware, United States. As of the 2020 census, Georgetown had a population of 7,134.

Georgetown is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.