hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sitara-e-Shujaat
Sitara-e-Shujaat (Urdu: ستارہِ شجاعت, lit. 'Star of Valour'), sometimes spelled Sitara-i-Shujaat, is the second-highest civil award for bravery bestowed by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It is usually awarded to the Pakistani citizens such as civilians, human rights defenders, military or law enforcement officials for their bravery contributions to the national interest of the country, and while the award seeks to recognize the "gallantry contributions", it is also awarded posthumously by the president annually on the Pakistan Day.

After a citizen's contribution to security, defence and health among others is recognized, whether it is a government or non-government duty, the respective state governments prepares recommendation list to the federal government for final approval. After it is sent to the government, the prime minister recommends or advises the awardees list to the president.

Law enforcement in Pakistan
Law enforcement in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں نفاذِ قانون) is one of the three main components of the criminal justice system of Pakistan, alongside the judiciary and the prisons.
The country has a mix of federal, provincial and territorial police forces with both general and specialised functions, but the senior ranks of all the provincial forces and most of the federal ones are manned by members of the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP). The PSP is one of the most prestigious part of the Central Superior Services, Pakistan's main civil service organisation. Federal law enforcement agencies are generally overseen by the Ministry of Interior of the Government of Pakistan, while provincial police forces are overseen by a department of the government of that province.
Wafiq Safa
Wafiq Safa (Arabic: وفيق صفا, born in 1960) is a Lebanese security official and a senior member of Hezbollah. As head of Hezbollah's Liaison and Coordination Unit since the late 1980s, reporting directly to the group's Secretary-General, Safa heads Hezbollah's security services and manages the group's relationships in Lebanese politics. He is sometimes referred to as the "Minister of Defense" or "Minister of the Interior" of Hezbollah.

Safa's loyalty to Lebanese Islamist leader Hussein Musawi led to his expulsion by Amal in the early 1980s. Safa was later a member of cell involved in facilitating the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings, alongside Ibrahim Aqil, before joining Hezbollah in 1984.

Secretary-General of Hezbollah
The secretary-general of Hezbollah (Arabic: الأمين العام لحزب الله, romanized: al-’amīn al-‘ām li-Ḥizb Allāh) is the highest position within Hezbollah, a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group.

The current holder of the position is Naim Qassem, who was appointed on 29 October 2024, a month after the assassination of his predecessor, Hassan Nasrallah, whom Qassem served as deputy secretary-general under.
Redpine Signals
Redpine Signals was a fabless semiconductor company founded in 2001. The company made chipsets and system-level products for wireless networks. It served the Internet of Things and wireless embedded systems market, enabling all volume levels of chipsets and modules.

In 2005, Redpine Signals developed a low power 802.11 b/g chipset, which it licensed to a semiconductor company for use in its product or SoC as a wireless interface.
The company established a single stream 802.11n Wi-Fi product in 2007 for handheld devices.
In 2012, Redpine Signals developed a simultaneous dual-band Wi-Fi 11n/BT 4.0 + 5 GHz MIMO 11ac convergence SoC for smartphones and tablets.
The company also introduced a simultaneous dual-band 450 Mbit/s 3x3 802.11n chipset for digital home and enterprise applications.

In 2020, its connectivity business, including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth products, its development center in Hyderabad, and patent portfolio, was acquired by Silicon Labs.

Fabless manufacturing
Fabless manufacturing is the design and sale of hardware devices and semiconductor chips while outsourcing their fabrication (or fab) to a specialized manufacturer called a semiconductor foundry. These foundries are typically, but not exclusively, located in mainland China and Taiwan. Fabless companies can benefit from lower capital costs while concentrating their research and development resources on the end market. Some fabless companies and pure play foundries (like TSMC) may offer integrated-circuit design services to third parties.
Bunkyū
Bunkyū (文久) was a  Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year name") after Man'en and before Genji.  This period spanned the years from March 1861 through March 1864. The reigning emperor was Kōmei-tennō (孝明天皇).

Namamugi Incident
The Namamugi incident (生麦事件, Namamugi-jiken), also known as the Kanagawa incident and Richardson affair, was a political crisis that occurred in the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Bakumatsu on 14 September 1862. Charles Lennox Richardson, a British merchant, was killed by the armed retinue of Shimazu Hisamitsu, the regent of the Satsuma Domain, on a road in Namamugi near Kawasaki.

Richardson's killing sparked outrage among Europeans for violating their extraterritoriality in Japan, while the Japanese argued Richardson had disrespected Shimazu and was justifiably killed under the Kiri-sute gomen rule. British demands for compensation and failure by the Satsuma to respond resulted in the Bombardment of Kagoshima (or Anglo-Satsuma War) in August 1863.
Pseuduvaria beccarii
Pseuduvaria beccarii is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae.  It is endemic to New Guinea. Rudolph Scheffer, the Dutch botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Orophea beccarii, named it after Odoardo Beccari, the Italian naturalist who collected the sample he examined.

Rudolph Scheffer
Rudolph Herman Christiaan Carel Scheffer (born 12 September 1844 in Spaarndam, Netherlands - died 1880 in Singaraja, West Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) was a Dutch botanist and director of Buitenzorg Botanical Garden. The standard author abbreviation Scheff. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
2010 U.S. National Gymnastics Championships
The 2010 Visa U.S. National Gymnastics Championships was the 47th edition of the U.S. National Gymnastics Championships. The competition was held from August 11–14, 2010 at the XL Center in Hartford, Connecticut.

All Olympia Gymnastics Center
The All Olympia Gymnastics Center or AOGC is a one-facility gymnastics gym in Calabasas. A previous location in Hawthorne, California, was closed down.

The head coaches are 1983 World Vault Champion Artur Akopyan and 1980 Olympian Galina Marinova. Their notable elite gymnasts are 2012 Olympic Champion McKayla Maroney, 2010 World Team Member Mattie Larson and Stanford Cardinal Samantha Shapiro.
Lee Sheppard (columnist)
Lee Sheppard is a tax commentator and contributing editor at Tax Analysts' Tax Notes. She studied law at Northwestern University, but following a stint with McDermott Will & Emery in Chicago, Sheppard has not practiced tax law since the 1970s, but instead specializes in financial issues and the taxation of multinational corporations.

Sheppard was named one of the "Global Tax 50 most influential players in international taxation by International Tax Review, Her weekly column is considered "a must-read for tax practitioners."

ITR (magazine)
ITR, previously known as International Tax Review, is a business-to-business publication focused on news analysis of tax policy and tax advice from around the world. This remit includes transfer pricing, corporate tax and indirect tax, particularly VAT and sales tax. The magazine provides in-depth and strategic coverage of policy developments at the EU and the OECD, particularly the latter's BEPS project.
Nobbs
Nobbs is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andre Nobbs, political figure from the Australian territory of Norfolk Island

David Nobbs (1935–2015), English comedy writer

George Hunn Nobbs (1799–1884), English missionary on Pitcairn Island then Norfolk Island

Jordan Nobbs (born 1992), English footballer who plays for FA WSL club Arsenal Ladies

Kaitlin Nobbs (born 1997), Australian field hockey player

Keith Nobbs (born 1979), American stage, television, and film actor

Michael Nobbs (1954–2026), Australian field hockey player and coach

Percy Erskine Nobbs (1875–1964), Canadian architect born in Haddington, Scotland

Percy Erskine Nobbs
Percy Erskine Nobbs FRIBA RCA (11 August 1875 – 5 November 1964) was a Scottish-Canadian architect who was born in Haddington, East Lothian, and trained in the United Kingdom. Educated at the Edinburgh Collegiate School and Edinburgh University, he spent most of his career in the Montreal area. Often working in partnership with George Taylor Hyde, Nobbs designed a great many of what would become Montreal's heritage buildings and was a key Canadian proponent of the Arts and Crafts Movement in architecture. He served as the director of McGill University's School of Architecture for ten years. He designed many buildings on the campus as well as McGill's Coat of Arms, which continues to be used today.
Bill Martin Jr.
William Ivan Martin Jr. (March 20, 1916 – August 11, 2004) was an American educator, publishing executive, and author of more than 300 children's books including The Sounds of Mystery, Chicka Chicka Boom Boom (co-authored with John Archambault), Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?, Baby Bear, Baby Bear, What Do You See?, Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?, and Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You Hear? (all collaborated with illustrator Eric Carle). The Bill Martin Jr. Award, which is the Kansas state award for best children's picture book, was established in his honor in 1996.

East Texas A&M University
East Texas A&M University (ETAMU; formerly Texas A&M University–Commerce) is a public research university in Commerce, Texas, United States. With an enrollment of over 12,000 students as of fall 2017, the university is the third-largest institution in the Texas A&M University System. Founded in 1889, the institution is also the fifth-oldest state university or college in the State of Texas. The university is classified among "R2: High Research Spending and Doctorate Production".

Located on the northeastern edge of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, approximately 65 miles (105 km) from downtown Dallas, the university attracts traditional resident students from the Metroplex and also from the smaller communities of Northeast Texas. In addition to the main campus in Hunt County, the university has satellite campuses in downtown Dallas and Mesquite; it also offers courses in Corsicana and Midlothian in partnership with Navarro College and in Frisco and McKinney with Collin College.
Ashley Mote
Ashley Mote (25 January 1936 – 30 March 2020) was a British politician who was a member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England from 2004 to 2009. Elected representing the UK Independence Party, he became a non-inscrit one month into his term after UKIP suspended him due to investigation into his expenses.

A vociferous critic of fraud in the European Institutions, he himself was convicted of benefit fraud in 2007 for which he served a nine-month prison sentence and was described by the trial judge as "a truly dishonest man". The scandal ignited a debate as to how an MEP could receive a prison sentence, yet keep his seat in the European Parliament. In 2015, Mote was jailed for a further five years for fraudulently claiming nearly £500,000 in European Parliament expenses.

Institutions of the European Union
The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision-making bodies of the European Union and Euratom governed under the Treaties of the European Union and European Union law. They are, as listed in Article 13 of the Treaty on the European Union:

the European Parliament,

the European Council (of heads of state or government),

the Council of the European Union (of member state ministers, a council for each area of responsibility),

the European Commission,

the Court of Justice of the European Union,

the European Central Bank and

the European Court of Auditors.

Institutions are distinct from both advisory bodies to the European Union and agencies of the European Union.
Sendai Detention House
Sendai Detention House (仙台拘置支所, Sendai Kōchi-shisho) is a correctional facility in Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai. A part of the penal system of Japan, it is operated by the Ministry of Justice.

One of Japan's seven execution chambers is in this facility.

Execution chamber
An execution chamber, or death chamber, is a room or chamber in which capital punishment is carried out. Execution chambers are almost always inside the walls of a maximum-security prison, although not always at the same prison where the death row population is housed. Inside the chamber is the apparatus used to carry out the death sentence.
Telupe Iosefa
Telupe Iosefa (born 1 November 1986, in Nukulaelae) is a Tuvaluan powerlifter. In 2015 Telupe Iosefa received the first ever gold medal won by Tuvalu at the Pacific Games in the powerlifting 120 kg male division.

Nukulaelae
Nukulaelae is an atoll that is part of the nation of Tuvalu, and it has a population of 300 (2017 census). The largest settlement is Pepesala on Fangaua islet with a population of 341 people (2022 Census). It has the form of an oval and consists of at least 15 islets. The inhabited islet is Fangaua, which is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) long and 50 to 200 metres (160 to 660 ft) wide. The easternmost point of Tuvalu is Niuoko islet. The Nukulaelae Conservation Area covers the eastern end of the lagoon. A baseline survey of marine life in the conservation zone was conducted in 2010.
Gigantine
Gigantine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in Carnegiea gigantea and other related cactus species. It was first discovered along with macromerine in 1967. Gigantine is found in significant quantities in many mescaline-containing cactus species, but it is unclear whether it contributes to their psychoactive effects. The compound has been suspected to be hallucinogenic based on animal studies in cats and monkeys, but has not been evaluated in humans.

Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Hallucinogens are often categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants, but not all hallucinogens fall into these three classes.
Deneb el Okab
The traditional star name Deneb el Okab refers to two stars in the Aquila constellation:

Epsilon Aquilae

Zeta Aquilae

The name derives from the Arabic term ذنب العقاب  ðanab al-ʽuqāb meaning "the tail of the eagle".

Zeta Aquilae
Zeta Aquilae is a binary star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ζ Aquilae, and abbreviated Zeta Aql or ζ Aql. This system is readily visible with the naked eye as a point of light, having a combined apparent visual magnitude of 2.983. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 83 light-years (25 parsecs) distant from the Sun. It is a candidate member of the TW Hydrae association of co-moving stars.

Zeta Aquilae's two components can be designated Zeta Aquilae A and B. The former is officially named Okab, pronounced /ˈoʊkæb/, the traditional name for the system. Zeta Aquilae has a number of companions listed and together they are designated WDS J19054+1352. As the primary star of this group, Zeta Aquilae also bears the designation WDS J19054+1352A. The companions are then designated WDS J19054+1352B, C, D and E.
Munti Wayi
Munti Wayi (Ancash Quechua munti tree, wayi house, "tree house", Hispanicized spelling Monte Huay) is a 4,902-metre-high (16,083 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, Aquia District. It lies northeast of Rahu Kutaq and southeast of Pastu Ruri.

Pastoruri Glacier
The Pastoruri glacier is a cirque glacier, located in the southern part of the Cordillera Blanca, part of the Andes mountain range, in Northern Peru in the Ancash region.  It is one of the few glaciers left in the tropical areas of South America.
Present: You
Present: You (stylized as Present: YOU) is the third Korean studio album by the South Korean boy band Got7. It was released on September 17, 2018, under the label of JYP Entertainment. It features the single "Lullaby" in four different languages (Korean, English, Chinese and Spanish) as well as solo tracks co-produced by each member.

The album was certified platinum by Gaon Chart on November 8, 2018, after selling over 250,000 copies.

On December 3, 2018, it was reissued as a repackage album titled Present: You & Me Edition.

Mnet (TV channel)
Music Network (acronym of the Mnet) is a South Korean pay television music channel owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division.

The CJ E&M Center Studio located in Sangam-dong, Mapo District, Seoul is the headquarters, broadcast and recording centre of many Mnet programs with a studio audience, namely the live weekly music show M Countdown. It is also the venue for live performances in survival shows such as Superstar K, Show Me The Money series, Produce 101 series, Comeback War series, Planet series and Street Dance series. Other shows are filmed in CJ E&M Studio in Ilsan and CJ E&M Contents World in Paju.
Grundmann
Grundmann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Grundmann (1920–1987), German politician

Emil Otto Grundmann (1844–1890), German painter who studied in Antwerp under Baron Hendrik Leys, later moving to America

Erhard Grundmann, German luger from Czechoslovakia

Erich Grundmann (1906–1973), Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipient during World War II

Oliver Grundmann (born 1971), German politician

Walter Grundmann (1906–1976), German Protestant theologian during the Third Reich and DDR

Wolfgang Grundmann (born 1948), member of the Red Army Faction

Reiner Grundmann (born 1955), German sociologist

Members of the Red Army Faction
Members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) can be split up into three generations. The first (founding) generation existed from 1970 onwards. The second generation emerged from 1975 and included people from other groups such as the Socialist Patients' Collective (SPK) and the 2 June Movement. The third generation began in 1982. The group announced its dissolution in 1998.
Monomachos
Monomachos (Greek: Μονομάχος), or in Latin Monomachus, in Ukrainian and Russian Мономах (Monomakh), is a Greek epithet, meaning "he who fights alone" and "gladiator".

It applies specifically to:

Monomachos (Byzantine family), a family of Byzantine officials

Niketas Monomachos, Byzantine official and saint

Constantine IX Monomachos, Byzantine emperor (r. 1042–1055)

Theodosios Monomachos, nephew of the above, Byzantine official and usurper

Michael Monomachos, 14th-century Byzantine general

Vladimir II Monomakh, Rus' Grand Prince (r. 1113–1125)
Monomakhovichi, the dynasty founded by him

Hannibal Monomachus, a friend and staff officer of the Carthaginian general Hannibal

Vladimir II Monomakh
Vladimir II Monomakh (Old East Slavic: Володимѣръ Мономахъ, romanized: Volodiměrŭ Monomakhŭ; Christian name: Basil (Васи́лий); 26 May 1053 – 19 May 1125) was Grand Prince of Kiev from 1113 to 1125. Prince Monomakh distinguished himself in 83 large-scale campaigns into Polovtsian lands (Cumania), which made Polovtsians (Cumans) and their Khans fear him. He is considered a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and is commemorated on May 6, along with 122 other saints of Ukraine and Russia as well as Saint Andrew.  He is not to be confused with Saint Vladimir the Great.
Reigate Hundred
Reigate was a hundred in the historic county of Surrey, England. It was geographically consonant with the southern two thirds of the current Borough of Reigate and Banstead together with two parishes in Tandridge and fractions of former parishes in the London Borough of Croydon and Borough of Crawley, West Sussex.  Accordingly, it included the medieval-established town of Reigate with its motte castle and land which became the towns of Redhill and Horley.

North Downs
The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills and an area of downland in south-east England, that stretch from Farnham in Surrey to the White Cliffs of Dover in Kent. Much of the North Downs comprises two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs): the Surrey Hills and the Kent Downs. The North Downs Way National Trail runs along the North Downs from Farnham to Dover. They form the northern boundary of the Weald, which is correspondingly bounded to the south by the South Downs.

The highest point in the North Downs is Botley Hill, Surrey (270 metres (890 ft) above sea level). The County Top of Kent is  Betsom's Hill (251 m (823 ft) above sea level), which is less than 1 km from Westerham Heights, Bromley, the highest point in Greater London at an elevation of 245 m (804 ft).
ISO 3166-2:CU
ISO 3166-2:CU is the entry for Cuba in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Cuba, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 15 provinces and one special municipality. The special municipality, Isla de la Juventud, is not part of any province and administered directly by the central government.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is CU, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Cuba. The second part is two digits:

01, 03–16: provinces

99: special municipality

The code CU-02 was assigned to La Habana Province as it existed from 1976 through 2010; it was split into Artemisa and Mayabeque as of January 1, 2011. The codes for the original 14 provinces were assigned roughly from west to east.

La Habana Province (1976–2010)
Havana Province (Spanish: Provincia La Habana) was one of the provinces of Cuba from 1976, when the nation's provincial structure was revised, through the end of 2010. On January 1, 2011, the province was divided into two new provinces, Artemisa and Mayabeque. La Habana Province had 711,066 people in the 2002 census. The largest city was Artemisa (81,209), as the much larger city of Havana was structured in a different province, Ciudad de La Habana Province.
Peter Rock (novelist)
Peter Rock (born 1967) is an American novelist born and raised in Salt Lake City, Utah. His fiction often focuses on characters on the fringe of society.

Rock is a professor of creative writing at Reed College and lives in Portland, Oregon, with his wife and daughters.

Creative writing
Creative writing is any writing that goes beyond the boundaries of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on craft and technique, such as narrative structure, character development, literary tropes, genre, and poetics. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, poems, and even some forms of journalism. In academic settings, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror. Writing for the screen and stage—screenwriting and playwriting—are often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as well.