hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Julien Inscription Panel
The Julien Inscription Panel is a rock face in Arches National Park that has been marked by passers-by who have incised their names into the desert varnish on the sandstone rock of the vertical rock face. Most of the signatures have been added since 1900. The most significant inscription was left by Denis Julien, a French-American trapper who traveled throughout the American southwest, leaving his mark as he went.  The Julien inscription dates to June 9, 1844. The site also includes some prehistoric petroglyphs.

The Julien Inscription Panel was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 7, 1988.

Desert varnish
Desert varnish or rock varnish is an orange-yellow to black coating found on exposed rock surfaces in arid environments. Desert varnish is approximately one micrometer thick and exhibits nanometer-scale layering. Rock rust and desert patina are other terms which are also used for the condition, but less often.
American Jobs Act
The American Jobs Act (S. 1549) (H. Doc. 112-53) and (H.R. 12) was the informal name for a pair of bills recommended by U.S. President Barack Obama in a nationally televised address to a joint session of Congress on Thursday, September 8, 2011. He characterized the proposal as a collection of non-controversial measures designed to get Americans back to work, and he repeatedly urged Congress to pass it "right away"; he also said that the bills would not add to the national deficit and would be fully paid for.

Ben Nelson
Earl Benjamin Nelson (born May 17, 1941) is an American politician, attorney, and businessman who served as a United States senator from Nebraska from 2001 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 37th governor of Nebraska from 1991 to 1999. As of 2026, he is the last Democrat to have won or held statewide office in Nebraska.

Nelson was an insurance executive before he entered politics. His first run for office was in 1990, when he narrowly defeated incumbent Republican governor Kay Orr. He was reelected by a landslide in 1994. He ran for an open U.S. Senate seat in 1996, losing in an upset to Republican Chuck Hagel. He was elected to Nebraska's other Senate seat in 2000, and reelected in 2006. He did not run for a third term in 2012, and was succeeded by Republican Deb Fischer.

Nelson was the most conservative Democrat during his time in the Senate, frequently voting against his party.
ProVerb (rapper)
Tebogo Sidney Thapelo Thekisho (born 12 April 1981), better known by his stage name ProVerb, is a South African rapper, songwriter, MC, businessman, brand ambassador and media personality. He is noted for his clean, “conscious” hip-hop style, often eschewing profanity in his lyrics. Born and raised in Kimberley in the Northern Cape, ProVerb began rapping in his youth, winning local competitions and appearing on youth music shows such as SABC's Jam Alley in 1999. After earning a diploma in sound engineering, he worked as a technical producer for DJ Fresh’s breakfast show on YFM in 2003 and went on to co-host the Channel O hip-hop program Head Rush.

Kimberley, South Africa
Kimberley  (Khoekhoe: ǃ’Ās; Tswana: Kimbali) is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance because of its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. The British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes also established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.

On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, in the United States, to install electric street lighting. The first stock exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley as early as 1881.
Jon Bakhshi
Jon Bakhshi (often referred to simply as Jon B.) is an American restaurateur based in New York City. He has founded numerous restaurants and lounges including Home, Guest House, and Greenhouse (one of the world's first "eco-friendly" clubs in Manhattan's SoHo neighborhood). His newest restaurant, Beautique, won the Concierge Choice Award for Best New Restaurant in New York City in 2014.

Restaurateur
A restaurateur is a person who opens and runs restaurants professionally. Although over time the term has come to describe any person who owns a restaurant, it traditionally refers to a highly skilled professional who is proficient in all aspects of the restaurant business.
Ali ibn Ajlan
‘Alā’ al-Dīn Abu al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn ‘Ajlān ibn Rumaythah ibn Abī Numayy al-Ḥasanī (Arabic: علاء الدين أبو الحسن علي بن عجلان بن رميثة بن أبي نمي الحسني) was an Emir of Mecca.

He was killed on Wednesday, 7 Shawwal 797 AH (28 July 1395).

He is possibly the same person as Sharif Ali of Brunei.

Sharif Ali
Sharif Ali (Arabic: شريف علي‎; 1385–1432) or commonly known as Sultan Berkat (the Blessed Sultan), was the fourth sultan of Brunei from 1425 until 1432, the year of his alleged death. He ascended the Brunei throne in 1425, succeeding his father-in-law, Sultan Ahmad, who had no male heir. He significantly strengthened Islam in Brunei through his various measures. His efforts not only enhanced his own stature but also benefited the entire Bruneian populace. By reinforcing Islamic principles, he further solidified the Malay Muslim Monarchic concept. As the first Sultan to construct a mosque in Brunei, he is regarded as a pious leader who governed the country in accordance with Islamic law.
Buipa
Buipa बुइपा is a village and Village Development Committee  in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,195 persons living in 980 individual households.

Khotang District
Khotang District (Nepali: खोटाङ जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district, with Diktel as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,591 km2 (614 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of 206,312. The district is bordered by Bhojpur District in the east, Udayapur District in the south, Okhaldhunga District in the west and Solukhumbu District in the North. In this district there are two municipalities and eight rural/urban municipalities.
Jinnan, Shibuya
Jinnan (神南) is a district of Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. As of October 2020, the population of this district is 634. The postal code for Jinnan is 150–0041.

Local landmarks in Jinnan include NHK Broadcasting Center, the Yoyogi National Gymnasium and Yoyogi Park. The nearest train stations are Shibuya and Harajuku.

Yoyogi National Gymnasium
Yoyogi National Gymnasium, officially Yoyogi National Stadium (Japanese: 国立代々木競技場, Hepburn: Kokuritsu Yoyogi Kyōgi-jō) is an indoor arena located at Yoyogi Park in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, which is famous for its suspension roof design.

The arena can hold 12,898 people (8,774 stand seats and 4,124 arena seats) and an arena area of 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft). It is now primarily used for ice hockey, futsal, basketball and volleyball.

The NHK studios are adjacent to the arena along the edge of Yoyogi Park. Therefore, images of the arena are regularly featured at the end of NHK Newsline broadcasts.
Shigeru Komatsubara
Shigeru Komatsubara (小松原茂, Komatsubara Shigeru, born 1949) is a Japanese cinematographer. His work has mostly been in the action genre, but his first feature film was as an assistant on The Pornographers by Shohei Imamura. He worked on early Takashi Miike straight-to-video films such as Lady Hunter and A Human Murder Weapon, and then resumed working with Imamura as chief cinematographer for some of his last films such as Unagi and Dr. Akagi. He also did the cinematography for the 2013 TV series Neko Zamurai starring Kazuki Kitamura.

The Pornographers
The Pornographers (“エロ事師たち”より 人類学入門, "Erogotoshitachi" yori jinruigaku nyūmon; lit. 'An introduction to anthropology through pornographers') is a 1966 satirical Japanese film directed by Shōhei Imamura. It is based on the novel Erogotoshitachi by Akiyuki Nosaka.
LGR6
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGR6 gene. Along with the other G-protein coupled receptors LGR4 and LGR5, LGR6 is a Wnt signaling pathway mediator. LGR6 also acts as an epithelial stem cell marker in squamous cell carcinoma in mice in vivo.

This gene encodes a member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing subgroup of the G protein-coupled 7-transmembrane protein superfamily. The encoded protein is a glycoprotein hormone receptor with a large N-terminal extracellular domain that contains leucine-rich repeats important for the formation of a horseshoe-shaped interaction motif for ligand binding. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.

Squamous-cell carcinoma
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC),  also known as epidermoid carcinoma, comprises a number of different types of cancer that begin in squamous cells. These cells form on the surface of the skin, on the lining of hollow organs in the body, and on the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts.

The squamous-cell carcinomas of different body sites can show differences in their presented symptoms, natural history, prognosis, and response to treatment.
2026 Bengaluru Open – Doubles
Anirudh Chandrasekar and Ray Ho were the defending champions but only Chandrasekar chose to defend his title, partnering Arjun Kadhe. They lost in the first round to Max Houkes and Niels Visker.

Nicolás Barrientos and Benjamin Kittay won the title after defeating Arthur Reymond and Luca Sanchez 7–6(11–9), 7–5 in the final.

Arjun Kadhe
Arjun Kadhe (Marathi: अर्जुन कढे; born 7 January 1994) is an Indian tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 76 achieved on 28 October 2024. He also has a career high singles ranking of No. 328 achieved on 27 August 2018. 
Kadhe has won one doubles ATP Tour title. He also won 4 ITF Tour singles and 6 ATP Challenger Tour and 7 ITF doubles titles.
Alex Trlica
Alex Trlica (born August 11, 1984) is an American former football placekicker for the Texas Tech Red Raiders football team.

As of January 9, 2007, Trlica held the NCAA record for successful point after tries. During his college career, he made 233 consecutive PATs without a miss. This, along with his field goals, put him among the nation's top all-time leading scorers for kickers and number two on Tech's all-time scoring list.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
Michael Spindelegger
Michael Spindelegger (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈmɪçaeːl ˈʃpɪndl̩ˌɛɡɐ]; born 21 December 1959) is an Austrian politician. He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014; additionally, he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014. Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) from 2011 to 2014. In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions. Since 2016, he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD).

Ministry of Finance (Austria)
The Ministry of Finance (German: Bundesministerium für Finanzen) is the government ministry of Austria responsible for the collection of taxes and customs as well as the administration of fiscal and economic policy. It oversees the Revenue Service, the Revenue Service for Large Businesses, the Financial Police, and various other agencies.

It is headquartered in the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene, Vienna. The current Minister is Markus Marterbauer.
Pampa Horse
The Pampa Horse is a Brazilian breed of riding, sport and working horse.: 493  It combines the conformational characteristics of Brazilian Horses that are gaited with a pinto spotting pattern of white and dark coat colors.  Developed from a base of spotted horses of the Mangalarga Marchador, Campolina, Brazilian crossbred horses, and others. It is a color breed: only pinto horses may be registered.

Equine conformation
Equine conformation evaluates a horse's bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions in relation to each other. Undesirable conformation can limit the ability to perform a specific task.  Although there are several faults with universal disadvantages, a horse's conformation is usually judged according to its intended use. Thus "form to function" is one of the first set of traits considered in judging conformation.  A horse with poor form for a show jumper could have excellent conformation for a cutting horse or draft horse. Every horse has good and bad points of conformation and many horses excel even with conformation faults.
Heong peng
Heong peng (Cantonese Chinese: 香餅; Jyutping: hoeng1 beng2) or heong peah (Hokkien Chinese: 香餅; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hioⁿ-piáⁿ / hiuⁿ-piáⁿ / hiauⁿ-piáⁿ), in English, are round hollow flaky pastries that contain a sweet sticky filling made from malt and shallots or brown sugar molasses, which is covered by a Chinese flaky pastry crust and garnished with sesame seeds on the surface. Originating in Teluk Intan in Perak, heong peng are available in many stores around Ipoh, and other parts of Malaysia and Singapore. Heong peng is popular with the Malaysian Chinese community, especially those in Northern Peninsular Malaysia.

Chinese flaky pastry
Chinese flaky pastry (Chinese: 中式酥皮; also known as Chinese puff pastry) is a form of unleavened flaky pastry used in traditional Chinese pastries that are invariably called subing (soubeng in Cantonese). There are two primary forms, Huaiyang-style (淮揚酥皮) and Cantonese-style pastry (廣式酥皮). Huaiyang-style pastry is used to make delicacies such as Shanghainese 'crab shell' pastries (蟹殼黃) while Cantonese-style pastry is used to make pastries like sweetheart cakes.
Khanewal Junction railway station
Khanewal Junction Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: خانیوال جنکشن ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in the city of Khanewal, Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a major railway station of Pakistan Railways and the junction of Khanewal-Wazirabad branch railway line. It is the stop for all Express trains.

The station is staffed and has advance and current reservation offices. Food stalls are also located on it platforms.

Wazirabad
Wazirabad (Urdu and Punjabi: وزیر آباد) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the administrative capital of Wazirabad District and Wazirabad Tehsil. Famous for its cutlery products, it is known as the city of cutlery and is also known for its cuisine. Wazirabad is situated on the banks of the Chenab River, nearly 100 kilometres north of Lahore on the Grand Trunk Road. It is 45 kilometres from Sialkot, 30 kilometres from Gujranwala, and about 12 kilometres from Gujrat.
Şinik (unit)
Şinik was an Ottoman unit of volume.

The origin of the term Şinik is obscure. It may be a corrupt word from Uigur Turkish şing (which was loaned from Chinese) or Kypchack Turkish şunik. During the 14th century some of the Anatolian Beyliks used this unit for trade with the Byzantines. They defined the unit as being equivalent to Greek unit choenix which is equal to 1.08 liters. But during the Ottoman era it was equal to 9.25 liters. However, in 1881 the şinik was redefined to be 10 liters. In 1926 during the Turkish Republic the unit became obsolete.

Kipchak languages
The Kipchak languages (also known as the Kypchak, Qypchaq, Qypshaq or the Northwestern Turkic languages) are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family spoken by approximately 30 million people in much of Central Asia and Eastern Europe, spanning from Romania to China. Some of the most widely spoken languages in this group are Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tatar.
The Extreme Right in Europe and the USA
The Extreme Right in Europe and the USA (1992; second edition 1994) is a book edited by Paul Hainsworth. It is a political science study of far-right politics in Western Europe with a chapter on the United States, and one on Eastern European developments and collects work by twelve authors. Fritz Stern, writing for Foreign Affairs, described it as "uneven". A follow-up, The Extreme Right in Europe and the United States: From the Margins to the Mainstream, was published in 2000.

Fritz Stern
Fritz Richard Stern (February 2, 1926 – May 18, 2016) was a German-born American historian of German history, Jewish history and historiography. He was a University Professor and a provost at New York's Columbia University.  His work focused on the complex relationships between Germans and Jews in the 19th and 20th centuries and on the rise of National Socialism in Germany during the first half of the 20th century.
Stara Sobótka
Stara Sobótka [ˈstara sɔˈbutka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabów, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north of Grabów, 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Łęczyca, and 54 km (34 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca
Łęczyca (pronounced [wɛnˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa]; in full the Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca; German: Lentschitza; Yiddish: לונטשיץ, romanized: Lintshits, Luntshits) is a town of 13,587 inhabitants in central Poland. Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the county seat of the Łęczyca County. Łęczyca is a capital of the historical Łęczyca Land.
Uder (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Uder is a former Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district Eichsfeld, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Uder. It was disbanded in January 2024, when most of its members became part of the municipality Uder.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Uder consisted of the following municipalities:

Asbach-Sickenberg

Birkenfelde

Dietzenrode-Vatterode

Eichstruth

Lenterode

Lutter

Mackenrode

Röhrig

Schönhagen

Steinheuterode

Thalwenden

Uder

Wüstheuterode

Asbach-Sickenberg
Asbach-Sickenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈasbax ˈzɪkn̩bɛʁk]) is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld, in Thuringia, Germany. As a result of the 1945 Wanfried agreement, formerly Hessian Asbach-Sickenberg became part of the Soviet occupation zone and the later German Democratic Republic.
Stawy, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Stawy [ˈstavɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Imielno, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Imielno, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Jędrzejów, and 35 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów
Jędrzejów (Polish: [jɛnˈdʐɛjuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: יענדזשעוו, romanized: Yendzshev, Latin: Andreiow) is a town in southern Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Kielce. It is the capital of Jędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011).
Hailey micropolitan area
The Hailey Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in the state of Idaho. These counties are Blaine County, Camas County, and Lincoln County. The micropolitan area is anchored by the city of Hailey.

Camas County, Idaho
Camas County is a county in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Fairfield. The county was established 109 years ago in 1917 by the Idaho Legislature with a partition of Blaine County on February 6. It is named for the camas root, or Camassia, a lily-like plant with an edible bulb found in the region, that Native Americans and settlers used as a food source. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,077, making it the second-least populous county in the state, after Clark County.

Camas County is part of the Hailey, ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
1991 St. Petersburg Open – Doubles
Gretchen Magers and Robin White were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Elena Brioukhovets and Natalia Medvedeva won the title by defeating Isabelle Demongeot and Jo Durie 7–5, 6–3 in the final.

Jo Durie
Joanna Mary Durie (born 27 July 1960) is a British former tennis player. Her highest singles ranking was world number five; in doubles she reached number nine, and won two Grand Slam titles, both in the mixed doubles with Jeremy Bates.

Born in Bristol, England, Jo Durie was the last British woman to reach the semifinal of a Grand Slam tournament until Johanna Konta reached the semifinal of the 2016 Australian Open, and the last British woman to win a major title in any discipline, until Heather Watson won the 2016 Wimbledon mixed doubles title with Henri Kontinen.
French phonology
French phonology is the sound system of French. This article discusses mainly the phonology of all the varieties of Standard French. Notable phonological features include the uvular r present in some accents, nasal vowels, and three processes affecting word-final sounds:

liaison, a specific instance of sandhi in which word-final consonants are not pronounced unless they are followed by a word beginning with a vowel;

elision, in which certain instances of /ə/ (schwa) are elided (such as when final before an initial vowel);

enchaînement (resyllabification), in which word-final and word-initial consonants may be moved across a syllable boundary, with syllables crossing word boundaries.

An example of the above is this:

Written: On a laissé la fenêtre ouverte.

Meaning: "We left the window open."

In isolation: /ɔ̃ a lɛse la fənɛːtʁə uvɛʁtə/

Together: [ɔ̃.na.le.se.la.fnɛ.tʁu.vɛʁt(ə)]

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.