hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Habibollah Ashouri
Habibollah Ashouri (Persian: حبیب‌الله آشوری) was an Iranian Shia cleric and revolutionary.

Mehdi Khalaji states that before Iranian Revolution, Ashouri was in the inner circle of Ali Khamenei in Mashhad but the two broke up after Ashouri wrote an essay on Monotheism (Tawhid) and Khamenei stated that the essay had plagiarized his lectures. According to Khalaji, the essay used theological principles for elaborating an Islamic vision of classless society.

Ashouri was accused of "apostasy" and subsequently executed in 1981. One of his charges was his heretical beliefs as reflected in Tawhid essay.

According to James A. Bill, he was among "the clerics of moderate persuasion [who] had become the targets of the extremist right".

Classless society
A classless society is a society in which no one is born into a social class like in a class society. Distinctions of wealth, income, education, culture, or social network might arise and would only be determined by individual experience and achievement in such a society.
Thus, the concept posits not the absence of a social hierarchy but the uninheritability of class status. 
Helen Codere defines social class as a segment of the community, the members of which show a common social position in a hierarchical ranking. Codere suggests that a true class-organized society is one in which the hierarchy of prestige and social status is divisible into groups. Each group with its own social, economic, attitudinal and cultural characteristics, and each having differential degrees of power in community decision.
Hindupur Assembly constituency
Hindupur Assembly constituency is a constituency in Sri Sathya Sai District of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency.

Nandamuri Balakrishna is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 208,327 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Bittner
Bittner (occupational name for a cooper or a barrel maker, the name was derived from the Old German word "bute," which means "cask") is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Egon Bittner (1921–2011), American sociologist

Eric R. Bittner (born 1965), American scientist

Horst Bittner (1927–2016), German politician (SED)

Jason Bittner (born 1970), American drummer

John Joseph Bittner (1904–1961), American cancer biologist

Julius Bittner (1874–1939), Austrian composer

Maria Bittner, American linguist

Mark Bittner (born 1951), American writer

Pavel Bittner (born 2002), Czech cyclist

Sławomir Maciej Bittner (1923–1944), Polish resistance fighter

Stephan Bittner, German canoeist

Egon Bittner
Egon Bittner (April 16, 1921 – May 7, 2011) was an American sociologist who contributed to the sociology of policing. He was born into a Jewish family in Skřečoň, a village in Silesia, an historically much-disputed part of Czechoslovakia, now in the Czech Republic. He died in the Bay Area of San Francisco, leaving a wife, Jean (Szeina Blacharowicz) and two children, Debora Seys and Tom Bittner.
Yuri Artamonov
Yuri Ivanovich Artamonov (Russian: Юрий Иванович Артамонов; born 1975), known as the Izhevsk Raskolnikov (Russian: Ижевский Раскольников, romanized: Izhevskiy Raskolnikov), is a Russian serial killer and robber who murdered five people in the city of Izhevsk, Udmurtia, from 1995 to 1997. Initially sentenced to death, his sentence was later commuted to 25 years imprisonment, and he was released in 2017.

Izhevsk
Izhevsk or Ijevsk (Russian: Иже́вск, IPA: [ɪˈʐɛfsk] ⓘ; Udmurt: Ижкар, romanized: Ižkar, or Иж, Iž) is the capital city of Udmurtia, Russia. It is situated along the Izh River, west of the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. It is the 21st-largest city in Russia, and the most populous in Udmurtia, with over 600,000 inhabitants.

From 1984 to 1987, the city was called Ustinov (Russian: Усти́нов), named after Soviet Minister of Defence Dmitry Ustinov. The city is a major hub of industry, commerce, politics, culture and education in the Volga Region. It is known for its defense, engineering and metallurgy industries. Izhevsk has the titles of the Armory Capital of Russia and the City of Labor Glory.
A13 autoroute
Autoroute 13, or L'Autoroute de Normandie links Paris to Caen, Calvados.

The motorway starts in Paris at the Porte d'Auteuil, a former gate of the Paris walls, and ends at Mondeville's Mondeville 2 (Porte de Paris) exchange junction on the Boulevard Périphérique (Caen). The A13 is France's oldest motorway (opening in 1946) and is intensively used between Paris and Normandy for both commuting and holiday makers.
The A13 is operated by the SANEF Paris Normandie from Buchelay toll onwards, whilst the Parisian stretch of motorway is operated by the Île-de-France Council. Its total length is 225 km (140 mi). The A13 is toll-free within the Île-de-France region and between junctions 21 and 24 to the south of Rouen.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
2008 Junior Oceania Cup
The 2008 Junior Oceania Cup was an international field hockey tournament hosted by Australia. The quadrennial tournament serves as the Junior Championship of Oceania organized by the Oceania Hockey Federation. It was held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia between 11 and 14 December 2008.

Australia and New Zealand were the only participating teams.

Australia won the tournament in both the men's and women's competitions. The tournament also served as a qualifier for the 2009 men's and women's Junior World Cups, with both Australia and New Zealand qualifying.

2009 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2009 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup was the sixth tournament of the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup. It was held from August 3 to August 16, 2009, in Boston, United States.

The Netherlands won the tournament for the second time after defeating Argentina 3–0 in the final. Defending champions South Korea won the third-place match by defeating England 2–1.
Rusty Ryal
Rusty Allen Ryal (born March 16, 1983) is an American former professional baseball utility player. He was selected by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 14th round of the 2005 MLB draft, out of Oklahoma State University. He is the son of the former major league player, Mark Ryal.

Utility player
In sports, a utility player is one who can play several positions competently. Sports in which the term is often used include association football, basketball, rugby, baseball, softball, ice hockey, and water polo.

The term has gained prominence in all sports due to its use in fantasy leagues, but in rugby union and rugby league, it is commonly used by commentators to recognize a player's versatility.

The use of this term to describe a player may in some circumstances be a backhanded compliment, as it suggests the player is not good enough to be considered a specialist in one position (i.e., a jack of all trades).
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1947–1950
This is a list of members of the 31st Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1947 to 1950, as elected at the 1947 state election held on 3 May 1947.

During the term, the Queensland People's Party became the Queensland division of the Liberal Party of Australia.

1  On 14 May 1949, the Labor member for Ipswich, David Gledson, died. Labor candidate Ivor Marsden won the resulting by-election on 10 September 1949.

2  On 18 July 1949, the Labor member for Kurilpa, Kerry Copley, died. Labor candidate Tom Moores won the resulting by-election on 10 September 1949.

3  On 27 October 1949, Ted Maher, the Country member for West Moreton resigned to contest a seat in the Australian Senate at the 1949 federal election. The following day, Charles Russell, the member for Dalby, resigned to contest the seat of Maranoa. No by-elections were held due to the proximity of the 1950 state election

1949 Ipswich state by-election
The 1949 Ipswich state by-election was a by-election held on 10 September 1949 for the Queensland Legislative Assembly seat of Ipswich, based in the centre of Ipswich to the south-west of Brisbane. At the time of the election, the seat included the suburbs of Ipswich, Booval, Bundamba, Newtown, Silkstone, West Ipswich, Woodend and part of East Ipswich.

The by-election was triggered by the death of Labor member and Attorney-General of Queensland David Gledson on 14 May 1949. Gledson had held the seat since the 1915 election, with one brief interruption during the Great Depression. It was expected to be retained by the party.
Asia-Pacific Telecentre Network
The Asia-Pacific Telecentre Network (APTN) is a collaborative initiative of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN-ESCAP) and  telecentre.org. The APTN Secretariat is hosted at ICT Agency of Sri Lanka (ICTA). APTN is dedicated to promote innovation and knowledge sharing amongst telecentres in the Asia-Pacific region where telecentres are growing exponentially each year. APTN is working towards creating a platform of networks of telecentres, to share experiences on issues of their interest (content, sustainability, connectivity, etc.) and to cooperate on the development of solutions for common problems of the telecentres themselves in order to empower poor and disadvantaged communities with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Asia Pacific Region. In other words, APTN will serve as the focal network or the knowledge hub
 for communication and information technology in the Asia Pacific region.

Information and Communication Technology Agency of Sri Lanka
The Information and Communication Technology Agency (ICTA; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්‍ෂණ නියෝජිතායතනය, romanized: Shri Lanka Thorathuru Ha Sannivedana Thakshana Niyojithayathanaya; Tamil: இலங்கையின் தகவல் தொடர்பாடல் தொழில்நுட்ப முகவர் நிலையம், romanized: Ilaṅkaiyiṉ takaval toṭarpāṭal toḻilnuṭpa mukavar nilaiyam) is the lead agency in Sri Lanka for implementation of information and communications technology (ICT) initiatives by the Government of Sri Lanka. It was established to develop the economy of Sri Lanka through ICT. To this end, it works to improve the country's technological capacity, such as building infrastructure, and the readiness of its people, through education and human resources. It is also active in developing regulations around the use of technology and disseminating information worldwide about Sri Lankan ICT. Its current Chairman is Prof. Malik Ranasinghe.
Norris Graham
Norris "Norey" James Graham (January 25, 1906 – July 9, 1980) was an American rower, born in Portland, Oregon, who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In 1932, he won the gold medal as coxswain of the American boat in the eights competition.

Coxswain
The coxswain (/ˈkɒksən/ or /ˈkɒksweɪn/) is the person in charge of a boat, particularly its navigation and steering. The etymology of the word gives a literal meaning of "boat servant" since it comes from cock, referring to the cockboat, a type of ship's boat, and swain, an Old English term derived from the Old Norse sveinn meaning boy or servant. In 1724, a "cockswain" was defined as "An officer of a ship who takes care of the cockboat, barge or shallop, with all its furniture, and is in readiness with his crew to man the boat on all occasions." When the term "cockboat" became obsolete, the title of coxswain as the person in charge of a ship's boat remained.
Warren Daly
Warren Daly OAM (born 22 August 1943 in Sydney) is an Australian jazz musician. He was co-founder of the Daly-Wilson Big Band, named after Daly and trombonist/arranger Ed Wilson, and formed in 1968. In 1975, with corporate sponsorship, the band toured internationally including the Soviet Union. It has been described as "Australia's most commercially successful jazz orchestra".

Following a later split with Wilson, Daly formed the Warren Daly Big Band.

In his early career, he visited the USA where he worked with distinguished artists such as Buddy De Franco.

In the 1991 Queen's Birthday Honours, Daly was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) "for service to music as band leader and drummer".

Buddy DeFranco
Boniface Ferdinand Leonard "Buddy" DeFranco (February 17, 1923 – December 24, 2014) was an American jazz clarinetist. In addition to his work as a bandleader, DeFranco led the Glenn Miller Orchestra for almost a decade in the 1960s and 1970s.
Cervoni
Cervoni can refer to:

Jean-Baptiste Cervoni (1765 – 1809), a general officer in the French army during the French Revolutionary Wars

Isabella Cervoni 1575–1600), Italian poet of the Counter-Reformation period

Vincent Cervoni Schopenhauer (1991-) better known by the in-game name Happy, French Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) player

Jean-Baptiste Cervoni
Jean-Baptiste Cervoni Soveria (29 August 1765 – Eckmühl 22 April 1809) became a general officer in the French army during the French Revolutionary Wars and was killed in action in 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars.
Sepid Persian Poetry
Sepid poetry (sepid, "white") or "White Poetry" is a free verse movement of Modern Persian poetry that departs from Classical Persian prosody and adopts "new content, viewpoint, and diction". Ahmad Shamloo is considered the founder of the White Poetry movement, which came to its mature form and general acceptance after Bijan Jalali.

For the last two decades of his life, Manouchehr Atashi was also involved in Sepid poetry.

Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.  Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, "prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.)
West Coast Highway, Perth
West Coast Highway is an arterial coastal highway located in the western and inner northern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. It is part of State Route 71, and also Tourist Drive 204 in various coastal parts.

The highway commences from the end of Curtin Avenue at Swanbourne and heads north, via the SAS Campbell Barracks and rifle range, to City Beach, Scarborough and Trigg, terminating at the Karrinyup Road intersection, where it becomes Marmion Avenue. It links the northern coastal suburbs of Perth with the city of Fremantle. The speed limit for the majority of the highway is 70 km/h with two small 60 and 80 km/h sections at the Scarborough  end. The highway is a dual carriageway for most of its length.

Swanbourne, Western Australia
Swanbourne is a western coastal suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Nedlands. It is an affluent, upper middle class residential area with older Federation style homes, many being renovated. The suburb was established in the late 19th century. New housing estates have been built recently through the redevelopment of areas such as the Swanbourne Senior High School, Swanbourne Primary School and Lakeway Drive-In Cinema sites.
Samsung Scholarship
The Samsung Scholarship was established in 2002 by Samsung to provide financial support, encouragement and opportunities to gifted Korean students pursuing higher education overseas, who have shown the capacity to become global leaders. It was established as the Samsung Lee Kun-hee Scholarship, named after the former chairman (1987~2008) of the Samsung Group who succeeded Lee Byung-chul, the founder.

Samsung Scholarship supports a fellow for the full five academic years (for doctoral track).

Recipients mostly have backgrounds or are working in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. A Samsung Scholar is selected by a rigorous screening system comprising evaluation of the candidate's resume, statement of purpose, academic and research background, experience, and interviews where interviewers are usually renowned scholars, entrepreneurs, current or former government officers invited for this process.

Investor
An investor is a person or entity that allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of investments include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets.  That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors.  An investor who owns stock is a shareholder.
Colorado Airport
Colorado Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Colorado, (ICAO: SCSK)) is an airstrip 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of San Clemente, near the village of El Colorado in the Maule Region of Chile.

The airstrip is just north of Colbún Lake, and 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) east and upstream of the dam  on the Maule River that forms the lake. The area is level around the runway, but there is distant hilly terrain in all quadrants except north.

Maule River
The Maule river or Río Maule (Mapudungun: rainy) is one of the most important rivers of Chile. It is inextricably linked to the country's pre-Hispanic (Inca) times, the country's conquest, colonial period, wars of Independence, modern history, agriculture (wine, traditional crops), culture (literature, poetry, folklore), religion, economy and politics. The Maule River marked the southern limits of the Inca Empire. Many famous men and women in Chile's history have been born in the Region named after the river. The river has also lent its name to one of the viticultural regions of the country (also known as appellations), the Valley of Maule, a subregion of the Central Valley.
John Hutton Balfour
John Hutton Balfour FRSE FRS FRCSE FLS MWS (15 September 1808 – 11 February 1884) was a Scottish botanist. Balfour became a Professor of Botany, first at the University of Glasgow in 1841, moving to the University of Edinburgh and also becoming the 7th Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Her Majesty's Botanist in 1845. He held these posts until his retirement in 1879. He was nicknamed Woody Fibre.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Redmondville, Missouri
Redmondville is an unincorporated community in western Iron County, Missouri, United States. It is located on a county road approximately 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north of Missouri Route 49 in the Mark Twain National Forest. The community is on the west bank of Clayton Creek, just north of that stream's confluence with the Middle Fork of the Black River. It formerly had a school house.

A post office called Redmondville was established in 1904, and remained in operation until 1924. The community has the name of Redmond Black, an early settler.

Missouri Route 49
Route 49 is a highway in eastern Missouri.  Its northern terminus is at Route 19 in Cherryville, and its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 67 five miles (8 km) east of Williamsville.

The highway runs through the eastern part of the Ozarks and passes through two sections of the Mark Twain National Forest and near Johnson Shut-ins State Park and Taum Sauk Mountain.  Lesterville and Annapolis, as well as Johnson Shut-ins State Park, were evacuated in 2005 following a reservoir failure at the Taum Sauk pumped storage plant.

Route 49 is one of the original 1922 state highways.  It only ran between Glover and Piedmont and was later extended.
Amy (demon)
Religion portal

Amy (also Avnas, Auns, Hanar, Hanni) is a demon described in demonological grimoires such as The Lesser Key of Solomon (including Thomas Rudd's version), the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum, and in the Munich Manual of Demonic Magic; as well as Jacques Collin de Plancy Dictionnaire Infernal,

Amy is described as a President, appearing initially as a flame before turning to a human form. He is claimed to teach astronomy and liberal arts, give familiars, incite positive reactions from rulers, and (according to all sources except the Munich Manual) reveal treasures.  According to all sources, he rules over 36 legions of demons.  According to Johann Weyer, he was of both the order of angels and potestates (powers), and holds the futile hope of returning to the seventh heaven after 12 centuries.  According to Rudd, Amy is opposed by the Shem HaMephorash angel Ieialel.

Dictionnaire Infernal
The Dictionnaire Infernal (English: "Infernal Dictionary") is a book on demonology, describing demons organised in hierarchies. It was written by Jacques Collin de Plancy and first published in 1818. There were several editions of the book; perhaps the most famous is the 1863 edition, which included sixty-nine illustrations by Louis Le Breton depicting the appearances of several of the demons. Many but not all of these images were later used in S. L. MacGregor Mathers's edition of The Lesser Key of Solomon.