hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CTN-986
CTN-986 is a glycoside of quercetin found in cottonseeds and cottonseed oil. In a rodent model, it displays some antidepressant-like properties and stimulation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The neurogenesis appears to be mediated by activation of the 5-HT1A receptor, as co-administration with the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100,635 abolished the effect.

Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSCs).  This occurs in all species of animals except the porifera (sponges) and placozoans. Types of NSCs include neuroepithelial cells (NECs), radial glial cells (RGCs), basal progenitors (BPs), intermediate neuronal precursors (INPs), subventricular zone astrocytes, and subgranular zone radial astrocytes, among others.

Neurogenesis is most active during embryonic development and is responsible for producing all the various types of neurons of the organism, but it continues throughout adult life in a variety of organisms. Once born, neurons do not divide (see mitosis), and many will live the lifespan of the animal, except under extraordinary and usually pathogenic circumstances.
Jungle boot
Jungle boots are a type of combat boot designed for use in jungle warfare or in hot, wet, and humid environments where a standard leather combat boot would be uncomfortable or unsuitable to wear. Jungle boots have vent holes in the arches and sometimes a canvas upper to aid in ventilation and drainage of moisture.

Arches of the foot
The arches of the foot, formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones, strengthened by ligaments and tendons, allow the foot to support the weight of the body in the erect posture with the least weight.

They are categorized as longitudinal and transverse arches.
History of type theory
The type theory was initially created to avoid paradoxes in a variety of formal logics and rewrite systems.  Later, type theory referred to a class of formal systems, some of which can serve as alternatives to naive set theory as a foundation for all mathematics.

It has been tied to formal mathematics since Principia Mathematica to today's proof assistants.

Naive set theory
Naive set theory is any of several set theories used in the discussion of the foundations of mathematics.
Unlike axiomatic set theories, which are defined using formal logic, naive set theory is defined informally, in natural language. It describes the aspects of mathematical sets familiar in discrete mathematics (for example Venn diagrams and symbolic reasoning about their Boolean algebra), and suffices for the everyday use of set theory concepts in contemporary mathematics.

Sets are of great importance in mathematics; in modern formal treatments, most mathematical objects (numbers, relations, functions, etc.) are defined in terms of sets. Naive set theory suffices for many purposes, while also serving as a stepping stone towards more formal treatments.
Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)
The Pakistan Navy Strategic Forces Command (reporting name: NSFC), is a strategic and missile formation of the Pakistan Navy. Headquartered in Navy HQ in Islamabad, the strategic command controls sea-based guided guided anti-ship ballistic and cruise missile systems – both conventional and nuclear.

The NSFC was organized in 2004 based on and influenced from the army's formation in 2002, and is responsible for sea-based strategic nuclear deterrence. The Pakistani government describes the formation as a "custodian of second-strike capability."

Anti-ship missile
An anti-ship missile (AShM or ASM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A large number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way.

Many anti-ship missiles can be launched from a variety of weapons systems including surface warships (also referred to as ship-to-ship missiles), submarines, bombers, fighter planes, patrol planes, helicopters, shore batteries, land vehicles, and, conceivably, even infantrymen firing shoulder-launched missiles. The term surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is used when appropriate. The longer-range anti-ship missiles are often called anti-ship cruise missiles. Several countries  are also developing anti-ship ballistic missiles.
Pranay Sahay
Pranay Sahay is an Indian Police Service officer of the 1975 batch and was the Director General of Police of the Central Reserve Police Force, the largest paramilitary force in India. He was the Director General of Police (DG) of the  Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) before the CRPF posting. The DG's present main agenda is to tackle the rampant maoism and terrorism in India.

Mr Sahay retired from active service on July 31, 2013. He is working now as an adviser to the Police Department.

Central Reserve Police Force
The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is a central armed police force in India, under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The CRPF assists states and Union Territories in maintaining law and order and internal security. It is composed of the Central Reserve Police Force (Regular) and Central Reserve Police Force (Auxiliary).

It was established on 27 July 1939 as Crown Representative's Police with the objective of providing security to the British Crown Representatives in India. The force was later renamed as the Central Reserve Police Force by an Act of Parliament in 1949. The CRPF played a major role in the Parliamentary elections of September 1999.

The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is the largest central armed police force in India, comprising 247 battalions and exceeding a total strength of 301,376 personnel, as of 2019. CRPF officers are also deployed in United Nations missions.
Absorption (pharmacology)
Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action.

The drug travels by some route of administration (oral, topical-dermal, etc.) in a chosen dosage form (e.g., tablets, capsules, or in solution). Absorption by some other routes, such as intravenous therapy, intramuscular injection, enteral nutrition, is even more straightforward and there is less variability in absorption and bioavailability is often near 100%. Intravascular administration does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug. The fastest route of absorption is inhalation.

Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since a drug must be absorbed before any medicinal effects can occur.  Moreover, the drug's pharmacokinetic profile can be easily and significantly changed by adjusting factors that affect absorption.

Gastric intubation
Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG tube) through the nose, down the esophagus, and down into the stomach. Orogastric intubation is a similar process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (orogastric tube) through the mouth. Abraham Louis Levin invented the NG tube. Nasogastric tube is also known as Ryle's tube in Commonwealth countries, after John Alfred Ryle.
Dryaderces inframaculata
Dryaderces inframaculata is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Brazil and known from between the Tapajós and Xingu Rivers in Pará. Until recently, it was only known from one specimen collected near Santarém, probably around 1876, by Henry Wickham. Common name Santarem treefrog has been coined for it.

Xingu River
The Xingu River (/ʃɪŋˈɡuː/, shing-GOO; Portuguese: Rio Xingu [ˈʁi.u ʃĩˈɡu]; Mẽbêngôkre: Byti [bɯˈti]: 73 ) is a 1,640 km (1,020 mi) river in north Brazil. It is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River and one of the largest clearwater rivers in the Amazon basin, accounting for about 5% of its water.
SWIP
SWIP, SWiP or Swip can refer to:

A-6E Intruder aircraft Systems/Weapons Improvement Program

Scottish Widows Investment Partnership

Shared Whois Project

Society for Women in Philosophy

Swiss Innovation Pool Inc.

Scottish Widows Investment Partnership
Scottish Widows Investment Partnership (SWIP) was an asset management company based in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was one of Europe's largest asset management companies, with £146 billion of funds under management as at 31 December 2013.  These funds were invested across all major asset classes – including worldwide equities, property, bonds, multi-asset, multi-manager and cash.
Jack and Jean Leslie RiverWalk
The Jack and Jean Leslie RiverWalk (also known simply as RiverWalk) is a 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) section of the Bow River pathway between the Centre Street Bridge and the 9th Avenue SE Bridge, along the Bow and Elbow rivers in Downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Phase III of stage 1 of the project was opened by the Calgary Municipal Land Corporation (CMLC) on September 27, 2012. Upon completion of all three stages of the project, the RiverWalk will stretch four kilometres, from the Centre Street Bridge on the Bow River to Lindsay Park along the Elbow River. In March 2015, the Jack and Jean Leslie RiverWalk was the recipient of the National Merit Award from the Canadian Society of Landscape Architects. The RiverWalk is part of a larger development of Calgary's East Village as part of that neighbourhood's area redevelopment plan.

Elbow River
The Elbow River is a river in southern Alberta, Canada. It flows from the Canadian Rockies to the city of Calgary, where it merges into the Bow River. Its name is derived from the elbow-like turn the river takes before it joins the Bow.
Bogusław Jackowski
Bogusław L. Jackowski (born 13 April 1950), also known as "Jacko", is a Polish computer scientist, typographer, publisher, and amateur musician. He is best known for his work on the TeX typesetting system, the Latin Modern font family, and the TeX Gyre project.

Typesetting
Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more fonts (which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for typefaces).

One significant effect of typesetting was that authorship of works could be spotted more easily, making it difficult for copiers who have not gained permission.
Baltimore Clippers
The Baltimore Clippers were a minor league professional ice hockey team in Baltimore, Maryland, playing in the Baltimore Civic Center. The Clippers were members of the American Hockey League from 1962 to 1976, and then played one season in the Southern Hockey League. The team was managed by Terry Reardon for its first fourteen seasons, and won three division titles, but did not capture a Calder Cup title. Baltimore began as a farm team for the New York Rangers, and helped develop Hall of Fame players including Eddie Giacomin, Doug Harvey, Jacques Plante and Jean Ratelle. The Clippers also featured eight alumni who are now members of the AHL Hall of Fame. The team name "Clippers" was used by two previous professional hockey teams in Baltimore, and paid homage to local history in the Baltimore Clipper and the Port of Baltimore.

Port of Baltimore
The Helen Delich Bentley Port of Baltimore is a shipping port along the tidal basins of the three branches of the Patapsco River in Baltimore, Maryland, on the upper northwest shore of the Chesapeake Bay. It is the nation's largest port facility for specialized cargo (roll-on/roll-off ships) and passenger facilities. It is operated by the Maryland Port Administration (MPA), a unit of the Maryland Department of Transportation.

Founded in 1706, the port was renamed in 2006 for Helen Delich Bentley (1923–2016), who represented Baltimore as a U.S. Representative for a decade and who had also been a maritime reporter and editor for The Baltimore Sun daily newspaper.
George Render
George William Armitage Render (5 January 1887 – 17 September 1922) was an English first-class cricketer, who played one match for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1919.

Born in Dewsbury, Yorkshire, England, Render was a right-handed batsman, who scored 5 batting at number five, in his only innings against Derbyshire at Bradford Park Avenue. His right arm medium fast bowling was not called upon. Yorkshire won the match by ten wickets.

Render also played for the Heavy Woollen District in 1911, Yorkshire Cricket Council in 1912 and the Yorkshire Second XI from 1912 to 1919 in local representative games.

He died, just three years after his only first-class match, in September 1922 in Hanging Heaton, Yorkshire, aged 35.

Hanging Heaton
Hanging Heaton is a village in West Yorkshire, England. Partly in both Batley and Dewsbury, it is an historic village mentioned in the Domesday Book under the name 'Etun'. The prefix 'Hanging' refers to a steep hillside hanging above lower ground, while 'Heaton' means 'High Farm', meaning the village was once a hillside farmstead.

With housing dating from the 16th century to the present day, it is a varied community with a successful cricket club, golf club, two churches, a pub and a community group. Hanging Heaton is also home to both Hanging Heaton CE (VC) J & I School and Mill Lane J I & EY School.

Hanging Heaton was the birthplace of physiologist Robert Edwards, who was the pioneer of in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
Hekendorp
Hekendorp is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Oudewater, and lies about 6 km east of Gouda.

Hekendorp was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1964, when it merged with Driebruggen. During this period, the area was part of the province South Holland. In 1857, the municipality of Oukoop was added to Hekendorp, even though the two former municipalities did not border each other.

The Goejanverwellesluis where the patriots stopped Wilhelmina van Pruisen is located in Hekendorp.

Utrecht (province)
Utrecht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈytrɛxt] ⓘ), officially the Province of Utrecht (Dutch: Provincie Utrecht), is a province of the Netherlands. It is located in the centre of the country, bordering the Eemmeer in the north-east, the province of Gelderland in the east and south-east, the province of South Holland in the west and south-west and the province of North Holland in the north-west and north. The province of Utrecht has a population of about 1,388,000 as of January 2023. With a land area of approximately 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi), it is the second smallest province in the country. Apart from its eponymous capital, major cities and towns in the province are Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal and Zeist. The busiest railway station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal, is located in the province of Utrecht.
2021 SWAC Football Championship Game (December)
The 2021 SWAC Championship Game was a college football game played on December 4, 2021, at Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium in Jackson, Mississippi. It was the 23rd edition of the SWAC Championship Game and determined the champion of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) for the 2021 season. The game began at 3:00 p.m. CST and aired on ESPN2. The game featured the Jackson State Tigers, the East Division champions, and the Prairie View A&M Panthers, the West Division champions. Sponsored by wireless service provider Cricket and by beverage corporation PepsiCo through their Pepsi Zero Sugar brand, the game was officially known as the 2021 Cricket SWAC Football Championship presented by Pepsi Zero Sugar. The winner of the game received a bid to the Celebration Bowl to face the South Carolina State Bulldogs, champions of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC).

Pepsi Zero Sugar
Pepsi Zero Sugar, also known as Pepsi Max and Pepsi Black, is a low-calorie, sugar-free cola, marketed by PepsiCo. A diet soda soft drink, it was first released in 1993 as an alternative to the company's Diet Pepsi and has been widely available since.

Pepsi Zero Sugar tries to mimic the taste of Pepsi using a blend of acesulfame potassium and aspartame artificial sweeteners instead of sugar, with small variations depending on region.
Nebraska Midland Railroad
The Nebraska Midland Railroad was a narrow gauge steam line that was established in 1973 in North Platte, Nebraska.  It operated only one year of passenger service there before having to look for a new base due to not being able to obtain the needed right of way.  It then relocated to Stuhr Museum in Grand Island, Nebraska and operated at least through the 1980s.  It used a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge 2-8-0 Baldwin steam engine that had originally run on the White Pass and Yukon Route. In 2001 Locomotive #69 was sold back to WP&Y & in 2008 it was restored to run again.

North Platte, Nebraska
North Platte is a city in and the county seat of Lincoln County, Nebraska, United States. It is located in the west-central part of the state, along Interstate 80, at the confluence of the North and South Platte Rivers forming the Platte River. The population was 23,390 at the 2020 census, making it the 11th most populous city in Nebraska.

North Platte is a railroad town; Union Pacific Railroad's large Bailey Yard is located within the city. Today, North Platte is served only by freight trains, but during World War II the city was known for the North Platte Canteen, a volunteer organization serving food to millions of traveling soldiers.

North Platte is the principal city of the North Platte Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Lincoln, Logan, and McPherson counties.
Laška Vas, Laško
Laška Vas (pronounced [ˈlaːʃka ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Laška vas) is a settlement in the hills southeast of Laško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the Municipality of Laško in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Municipality of Laško
The Municipality of Laško (pronounced [ˈlaːʃkɔ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Laško)  is a municipality in eastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Canton of Montereau-Fault-Yonne
The canton of Montereau-Fault-Yonne is a French administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Provins, in the Seine-et-Marne département (Île-de-France région). Its population was 69,165 in 2019.

Arrondissement of Provins
The arrondissement of Provins is an arrondissement of France in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region. It has 174 communes. Its population is 186,339 (2021), and its area is 2,344.6 km2 (905.3 sq mi).
Ministry of Finance (United Arab Emirates)
The Ministry of Finance (MoF) (Arabic: وزارة المالية) is the ministry of the federal government of United Arab Emirates which is responsible for public finances. The ministry's objective is to promote fiscal planning and fiscal sustainability of the federal government of the United Arab Emirates. The ministry is located in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.

Federal government of the United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates Federal Government (UAE government) is the national government of the United Arab Emirates, a federation of seven self-governing emirates.

The UAE federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The powers of these branches are defined and vested by the UAE Constitution continuously since 2 December 1971. Article 120 of the UAE Constitution grants the federal government its mandate and outlines its jurisdictions.

The federal government shares sovereignty with each of the seven emirates in their respective territories. The Federal Supreme Council is the highest legislative body.
Robert Kipngetich
Robert Sigei Kipngetich (born 3 January 1982) is a Kenyan long-distance runner. He has competed at meets on the IAAF Golden League and IAAF Grand Prix circuits. He finished eleventh in the 5000 metres at the 2005 World Athletics Final.

2005 IAAF World Athletics Final
The 3rd IAAF World Athletics Final was held at the Stade Louis II, in Monte Carlo, Monaco on September 9, and September 10, 2005.

The hammer throw event for men and women had to take place in Szombathely, Hungary  on September 3 as the Monaco stadium was not large enough to hold the event.
John Grimston, 6th Earl of Verulam
John Grimston, 6th Earl of Verulam (17 July 1912 – 15 April 1973), styled the Honourable John Grimston until 1960, was an aristocratic Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) later becoming a member of the House of Lords.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Seattle Fire Department
The Seattle Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Seattle, Washington, United States. The department is responsible for an area of 142.5 square miles (369 km2), including 193 miles (311 km) of waterfront, with a population of 713,700. There is a total of 1,065 employees with 981 uniformed personnel and 84 civilian employees.

Fire protection
Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, owners and operators may be responsible for maintaining their facilities in accordance with a design-basis rooted in law, including local building and fire codes.

Buildings must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, enforced by fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters, fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire.
1980 Mukah by-election
The 1980 Mukah by-election was a by-election that was scheduled to be held on 21 February 1980 for the Dewan Rakyat seat of Mukah. It was called following the resignation of its member of parliament Salleh Jafaruddin on 24 December 1979. Salleh won the seat on 1978 Malaysian general election.

Edwin Esnen Unang,  of Barisan Nasional won the by election uncontested, as he was the sole nominee during nomination day on 28 January 1980.

1978 Malaysian general election
General elections were held in Malaysia between Saturday, 8 July and Saturday, 22 July 1978. Voting took place in all 154 parliamentary constituencies, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 276 state constituencies (except Kelantan, Sabah and Sarawak) on the same day.

It was Hussein Onn's first election after becoming the country's third Prime Minister in 1976. His Barisan Nasional alliance emerged victorious with 130 of the 154 seats. Voter turnout was 75%.