hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Woldemichael Solomon
Ras Woldemichael Solomon (Tigrinya: ወልደሚካኤል ሰሎሙን) served as the Ras (Duke) of Hamasien during the 19th century. Raesi Woldemichael was born in Hazega village in Hamassien. He is the eldest son of Abeto Solomon Zerai of Hazega and Woizero Eleni. He was the last hereditary ruler to be in power in Mereb Melash.

Ras (title)
Ras (Amharic: ራስ, romanized: ras, lit. 'head' compare with Arabic Rais or Hebrew Rosh), is a noble title in the Ethiopian Semitic languages.  It is one of the powerful non-imperial titles.

Historian Harold G. Marcus equates the Ras title to a duke; others have compared it to "prince".

The combined title of Leul Ras (Amharic: ልዑል ራስ) was given to the heads of the cadet branches of the Imperial dynasty, such as the Princes of Gojjam, Tigray, Ras Tafari Makonnen and the Selalle sub-branch of the last reigning Shewan Branch, and meaning "Lord of Lords", the highest title of lord.
James Dexter Ledbetter House
James Dexter Ledbetter House is a historic home located near Forest City, Rutherford County, North Carolina.  It built in 1914, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, three-bay, double pile frame dwelling with Classical Revival and Colonial Revival style design elements.  It sits on a low brick foundation and has a hipped roof.  The front facade features a two-story engaged portico supported by Tuscan order columns, with a one-story wraparound section also supported by Tuscan columns.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Rutherford County, North Carolina
Rutherford County is a county in the southwestern area of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,444. Its county seat is Rutherfordton. Rutherford County comprises the Forest City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Byrd in Flight
Byrd in Flight is an album by American trumpeter Donald Byrd recorded in 1960 and released on the Blue Note label as BLP 4048 and BST 84048 featuring Byrd with Jackie McLean or Hank Mobley, Duke Pearson, Doug Watkins or Reggie Workman, and Lex Humphries.

Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (December 9, 1932 – February 4, 2013) was an American jazz and rhythm & blues trumpeter, composer and vocalist. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd was one of the few hard bop musicians who successfully explored funk and soul while remaining a jazz artist. As a bandleader, Byrd was an influence on the early career of Herbie Hancock and many others.
Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (Manchester)
The Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (CHSTM) at the University of Manchester is one of the largest groups in Britain researching and teaching the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (HSTM) as one integrated field of study.

University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) was a university based in the centre of the city of Manchester in England. It specialised in technical and scientific subjects and was a major centre for research. On 1 October 2004, it amalgamated with the Victoria University of Manchester (commonly called the University of Manchester) to produce a new entity called the University of Manchester.

UMIST gained its royal charter in 1956 and became a fully autonomous university in 1994. Previously its degrees were awarded by the Victoria University of Manchester. The UMIST motto was Scientia et Labore (By Knowledge and Work).
Royal Institute of Art
The Royal Institute of Art (Swedish: Kungliga Konsthögskolan) founded in 1735 is an institution in Stockholm, Sweden for higher education in art. The school was part of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts, until 1978 when it was made independent. It is under the supervision of the Ministry of Education and Research.

Ministry of Education and Research (Sweden)
The Ministry of Education and Research (Swedish: Utbildningsdepartementet) is a government ministry in Sweden responsible for matters relating to schools, universities, colleges, and research.

Before 1968, the ministry was called the Ministry of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs.

The ministry offices are located at Drottninggatan 16 in central Stockholm.
Tikisuchus
Tikisuchus is an extinct genus of rauisuchid archosauromorph. It is known from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation in the Shahdol District of central India and was the first rauisuchid to have been found in Asia. The horizon from which remains have been found is Carnian in age. The type species is T. romeri, named in honor of American paleontologist Alfred Romer. Romer was present at the Tiki locality during the excavation of the fossil, but died before the description of the genus in 1987. Tikisuchus is known only from one specimen, called ISI R 305, which consists of the skull and some postcranial elements of a young individual.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Semi-Toned
Semi-Toned is a British all-male A cappella group from the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom who sing a variety of modern and classic songs. They were formed in October 2010 originally as a barbershop quintet, before establishing themselves as a twelve-man contemporary group with a wide range of repertoire dedicated to developing their musical abilities whilst sharing a passion for singing and performing. They became more well known after multiple TV and radio appearances on shows such as 'The Choir: Gareth's Best in Britain' (BBC2) and 'Sing: Ultimate A Cappella' (Sky One), as well as singing on BBC Radio 2 with Rylan Clarke-Neal during his 'Great Ka-Ry-oke Challenge' in support of BBC Children in Need 2019. They now regularly tour both the UK and US, as well as performing annually at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival and frequently releasing albums and music videos.

International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella
The International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella (ICCA), originally the National Championship of Collegiate A Cappella (NCCA, a play on NCAA), is an international competition run by Varsity Vocals, that attracts hundreds of college a cappella groups each year.

The competition sees groups from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom compete across 9 regions, culminating in the ICCA Finals in New York City. A small number of groups from Ireland, South Africa, and Mexico have participated sporadically as well.
Catanduanes's at-large congressional district
Catanduanes's at-large congressional district, also known as Catanduanes's lone district, is the sole congressional district of the Philippines in the province of Catanduanes. Catanduanes has been represented in the country's various national legislatures since 1898. Since 1946 when it was reorganized as an independent province separate from Albay, Catanduanes has been entitled to one member in the House of Representatives of the Philippines, elected provincewide at-large, except for the period under the Fourth Philippine Republic between 1978 and 1984 when its representation was absorbed by the regional at-large assembly district of Region V.

The district is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Leo Rodriguez of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP).

Bicol Region
The Bicol Region, designated as Region V, is an administrative region of the Philippines. It comprises six provinces, four on the Bicol Peninsula (the southeastern end of Luzon): Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon, and two off the shore: Catanduanes and Masbate.

The regional center is Legazpi, the most populous city in the region and has one independent component city, the pilgrim city of Naga. The region is bounded by Lamon Bay to the north, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Sibuyan Sea and Ragay Gulf to the west. The northernmost provinces, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur, are bordered to the west by the province of Quezon in the Calabarzon region.
ACOX3
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACOX3 gene.

Acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 3 also known as pristanoyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX3) is involved in the desaturation of 2-methyl branched fatty acids in peroxisomes. Unlike the rat homolog, the human gene is expressed in very low amounts in the liver such that its mRNA was undetectable by routine Northern-blot analysis, by immunoblotting for its product, or by enzyme activity measurements. However the human cDNA encoding a 700 amino acid protein with a peroxisomal targeting C-terminal tripeptide S-K-L was isolated and is thought to be expressed under special conditions such as specific developmental stages or in a tissue specific manner in tissues that have not yet been examined.

Tripeptide
A tripeptide is a peptide derived from three amino acids joined by two or sometimes three peptide bonds. As for proteins, the function of peptides is determined by the constituent amino acids and their sequence. In terms of scientific investigations, the dominant tripeptide is glutathione (γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine), which serves many roles in many forms of life.
Chunithm
Chunithm (stylized in all caps) is an arcade rhythm game developed and published by Sega. It was first seen in select Japanese arcades in November 2014, as part of a location test and was officially released on July 16, 2015 (2015-07-16). The game's title of Chunithm is a portmanteau of "chūnibyō" and "rhythm".

Chūnibyō
Chūnibyō (中二病; lit. 'middle-school second-year syndrome') is a Japanese colloquial term typically used to describe adolescents with delusions of grandeur. These teenagers are thought to desperately want to stand out and convince themselves that they have hidden knowledge or secret powers. It is sometimes called "eighth-grader syndrome" in the United States, usually in the context of localizations of anime which feature the concept as a significant plot element.
2008 Russian Second Division
The 2008 Russian Second Division was the third strongest Division in Russian football. The Second Division is geographically divided into 5 zones.
The winners of each zone are automatically promoted into the First Division. The bottom finishers of each zone lose professional status and are relegated into the Amateur Football League.

FC Tyumen
FC Tyumen (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Тюмень») is a Russian football club based in Tyumen. The former member of the Russian Premier League will play in the third-tier Russian Second League Division A in the 2025–26 season.

The club was previously known as Geolog (in 1961–1963 and 1983–1991, meaning Geologist), Priboy (in 1964–1965, meaning Surf), Neftyanik (in 1966–1977, meaning Oiler), Stroitel (meaning Builder), Fakel (in 1980–1982, meaning Torch), Dinamo-Gazovik (in 1992–1996), SDYSOR-Sibnefteprovod (in 2003).
The Life of David Gale
The Life of David Gale is a 2003 crime thriller film directed and co-produced by Alan Parker, written by Charles Randolph, co-produced by Nicolas Cage, and starring Kevin Spacey as the title character, a college professor and longtime activist against capital punishment who is sentenced to death for killing a fellow capital punishment opponent; Kate Winslet, Laura Linney, and Gabriel Mann co-star. The film, an international co-production between the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, was Parker's final film before his retirement, and subsequent death in 2020.

Released in the United States on February 21, 2003, Germany on March 13, 2003, and the United Kingdom on March 14, 2003 by Universal Pictures, it received mostly negative reviews from critics and grossed just $38.9 million against its $38 million budget.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
Coleophora texanella
Coleophora texanella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from Florida to California, north to New York, Michigan and Ohio, west to Kansas and also in Mexico (Baja California Sur). It has also been recorded from Bermuda and Europe, where it is found in Italy (including Sicily) and in Greece (Zakynthos, the Peloponnesos and Crete).

The wingspan is 10–11 mm. There are two generations per year.

The larvae feed on the seeds of Portulaca species, including Portulaca oleracea.

Zakynthos
Zakynthos, also known as Zante, is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands, with an area of 405.55 km2 (156.6 sq mi), and a coastline 123 km (76 mi) in length. The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin. In Greek mythology, the island was said to be named after Zacynthus, the son of the legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.

Zakynthos is a tourist destination, especially amongst British tourists, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe. The island's nickname is "Fioro di Levante" (Flower of the East), bestowed upon it by the Venetians, who ruled Zakynthos from 1484 to 1797.
Society Game
The Society Game (Korean: 소사이어티 게임) is a South Korean reality TV series, and it was marketed as one of tvN's 10th Anniversary Special Global Project shows. Society Game is a mock society game show in a controlled village environment. 22 contestants compete against each other by staying in the village for a period of 14 days. If the contestants successfully complete the challenges given to them and survive until the end, the reward of a 150 million won (approximately US$111,000) would be given to them.

The Society Game is produced in collaboration with Endemol Shine Group, creators of Big Brother and MasterChef.

MasterChef
MasterChef is a competitive cooking show television format created by Franc Roddam, which originated with the British version in July 1990. The show aims to discover the culinary talent of chefs of varying skill levels, through a series of cooking challenges, watched over by various acclaimed food critics and chefs.

Dave Ross commissioned the show for the BBC and gave it the name; he had already produced Masterteam, a quiz show hosted by Angela Rippon, and worked on the long-running Mastermind, and so the name was a continuation of that. The format was revived and updated for the BBC in February 2005 by executive producers Roddam and John Silver with series producer Karen Ross.

The revived format is sold internationally by Banijay. Its first international adaptation was MasterChef Australia, which began in 2009. The show has since been adapted in several other countries.
Kaulage
Kaulage (कौलगे) is a village in Gadhinglaj Taluka in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state India. The village is 10km away from Gadhinglaj. It is located on the Gadhinglaj-Ajara national highway 548 h and on the bank of Hiranyakeshi River.

Ajara (India)
Ajara is a census town and the headquarters of Ajara Taluka in the Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, India. It is a developing city with a Nagar Panchayat (municipal council).

Ajara is mainly known for its Ajara Ghansal Tandul rice. Two rivers flow through the town, the Chitra and the Hiranyakeshi. Ramtirth, a site where Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita are believed to have stayed during their 14-year vanvas (exile), is located here.
Krzywanice, Łódź Voivodeship
Krzywanice [kʂɨvaˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lgota Wielka, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Lgota Wielka, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Radomsko, and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
2023 Generali Open Kitzbühel
The 2023 Generali Open Kitzbühel was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 79th edition of the Austrian Open Kitzbühel, and part of the World Tour 250 series of the 2023 ATP Tour. It took place at the Tennis stadium Kitzbühel in Kitzbühel, Austria, from 31 July through 5 August 2023.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Madeline Davis
Madeline Davis (July 7, 1940 – April 28, 2021) was an American LGBT activist and historian. In 1970 she was a founding member of the Mattachine Society of the Niagara Frontier, the first gay rights organization in Western New York. Davis became the first openly lesbian delegate at a major party national convention, speaking at the 1972 Democratic National Convention. The same year, she taught with Margaret Small the first course on lesbianism in the United States, titled "Lesbianism 101" at the University at Buffalo.

In 1993, she co-authored Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community, a history of gay women in Buffalo, New York, that won awards from the American Sociological Association, the American Anthropological Association and the Lambda Literary Foundation. She also participated in the founding of the HAG Theatre Company, the first all-lesbian theater company in the U.S., in 1994.

Delegate (American politics)
A delegate is a person selected to represent a group of people in some political assembly of the United States.

There are various types of delegates elected to different political bodies. In the United States Congress delegates are elected to represent the interests of a United States territory and its citizens or nationals. In addition, certain US states are governed by a House of Delegates or another parliamentary assembly whose members are known as elected delegates.

Prior to a United States presidential election, the major political parties select delegates from the various state parties for a presidential nominating convention, often by either primary elections or party caucuses.
Kfar Habou
Kfar Habou   (Arabic: كفرحبو)   is a village located in the Miniyeh-Danniyeh District, in the North Governorate of Lebanon. It had 2,647 eligible voters in the 2009 elections, and the residents belongs to the  "Greek Orthodox Church and other confessions".

North Governorate
North Governorate (Arabic: الشمال, Aš Šamāl) is one of the governorates of Lebanon and one of the two governorates of North Lebanon. Its capital is Tripoli. Ramzi Nohra was the governor from May 2, 2014 until May 14, 2025 when the Ministry of Interior dismissed him.  The population of North Governorate is 731,251.
2009 World Professional Billiards Championship
The 2009 World Professional Billiards Championship, the top international professional competition in English billiards, was held between 2 and 6 September 2009 at the Northern Snooker Centre in Leeds, England. The 17 players were divided into three groups of four, and one group of five, with the top two in each group advancing into the knock-out round.

Pankaj Advani won his first World Professional Billiards Championship title after beating defending champion Mike Russell in the final 2030–1253.

Pankaj Advani (billiards player)
Pankaj Arjan Advani (born 24 July 1985) is an Indian billiards and professional snooker player. He is a 27-time International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) world champion. He has won 20 billiards world titles, the IBSF World Billiards Championship on 17 occasions and the World Team Billiards Championship once. In snooker, he won the IBSF World Snooker Championship three times, IBSF World six-red championship twice and the IBSF World Team Cup and IBSF World Team Championship one time each. He has the record number of IBSF world championships. He became a snooker professional in 2012/2013.

In recognition of his achievements, the Government of India has bestowed several awards upon Advani: the Arjuna Award in 2004, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna in 2006, Padma Shri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018.
Matiya Mulumba
Matiya Mulumba, also known as Matthias Murumba Kalemba (1836 – May 30, 1886), was a Ugandan Catholic, one of the Martyrs of Uganda, killed on or around May 30, 1886 in his 50s. He, among the other martyrs, underwent the most excruciating pain. He was skinned alive and left to die.

In 1920, Pope Benedict XV beatified Mulumba and on 18 October 1964, he was canonized by Pope Paul VI.

Catholic Church in Uganda
The Catholic Church in Uganda is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

According to the 2024 census, there were an estimated 16,985,004 Catholics in the country, comprising around 37 percent of the total population.