hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cuba Palace
The Cuba (Sicilian: La Cuba) is a recreational palace in the Sicilian city of Palermo, originally part of the Sollazzi Regi group of Norman palaces. It was built in 1180 by William II of Sicily in his Royal Park, together with an artificial lake. The name Cuba derives either from its cubical form, or the Arabic Qubba, "dome". It is an imitation of the Zisa palace.

It is also called "Cuba sottotana" to distinguish it from the Cubula, or Little Cuba, a small pavilion built by William II for the Genoardo park. The Cuba shows strong Fatimid art influences, as it was (at least partially) designed by Arab artists still living in Palermo after the Norman conquest.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Steven W. Langdon
Steven W. Langdon (born July 15, 1946) is a Canadian academic, politician, economist, and former parliamentarian.

Born in Stratford, Ontario, Langdon graduated from the University of Trinity College in the University of Toronto in 1969. He also has a doctorate from the University of Sussex.

He ran for the New Democratic Party four times before being elected to the House of Commons from Essex in the 1984 election.

Langdon was re-elected in the 1988 election and stood as a left-wing candidate to succeed Ed Broadbent in the 1989 NDP leadership convention. He finished third behind Audrey McLaughlin, the eventual winner, and Dave Barrett.

He lost his seat in the 1993 election along with all of Ontario's federal NDP MPs.

Since leaving politics, Langdon has worked as an adjunct research professor in the department of economics at Carleton University in Ottawa.

1989 New Democratic Party leadership election
In 1989, the New Democratic Party held a leadership election to choose a successor to Ed Broadbent. The contest, held from November 30 to December 3 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, was won by Audrey McLaughlin. McLaughlin's victory was the first time a woman won the leadership of a major federal Canadian political party. This convention was followed by six years of decline for the party, culminating in the worst electoral performance of a 20th-century federal democratic socialist party, when the party received only seven percent of the popular vote in the 1993 federal election.
Empress Wei (Tang dynasty)
Empress Wei (Chinese: 韋皇后; pinyin: Wéi Huánghòu; personal name unknown; died July 21, 710) was an empress consort of the Chinese Tang dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Zhongzong, who reigned twice, and during his second reign, she tried to emulate the example of her mother-in-law Wu Zetian and seize power. She was de facto in charge of the governmental affairs during her husband's reign, though she was not formally regent. Emperor Zhongzong's death in 710 — a death traditionally believed to be a poisoning she carried out together with her daughter Li Guo'er the Princess Anle — made  her the empress dowager, and she took formal power as regent de jure during the minority of Emperor Shang of Tang. After a reign of seventeen days as regent, she was overthrown and killed in a coup led by Emperor Zhongzong's nephew Li Longji (the later Emperor Xuanzong) and Emperor Zhongzong's sister Princess Taiping.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Blackwell–Tonkawa Municipal Airport
Blackwell–Tonkawa Municipal Airport (IATA: BWL, ICAO: KBKN, FAA LID: BKN, formerly 4O3) is a public use airport located in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States. The airport is 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) southwest of the central business district of Blackwell, Oklahoma and is owned by the cities of Blackwell and Tonkawa.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Blackwell–Tonkawa Municipal Airport is assigned BKN by the FAA and BWL by the IATA (which assigned BKN to Balkanabat Airport in Balkanabat, Turkmenistan).

Balkanabat
Balkanabat (Turkmen: Balkanabat şäheri), formerly Nebit-Dag and Neftedag, is the administrative centre of Balkan Province, the largest province in Turkmenistan. It lies at the foot of the Balkan Daglary mountain range. Balkanabat is about 450 km west of Ashgabat and 160 km east of the seaport city of Türkmenbaşy. The city layout is a grid of apartment blocks called kvartal (quarters). The main streets are Magtymguly, Pervomayskiy and Gurbansoltan eje şaýoly.
Kamifukuoka, Saitama
Kamifukuoka (上福岡市, Kamifukuoka-shi) was a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 54,486 and a population density of approximately 8,000 persons per km2. The total area was 6.81 km2.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Ikūn-pî-Ištar
Ikūn-pî-Ištar, meaning “Ištar's word has come true”  and inscribed [i-k]u-un-pi4-eš4-tár, (fl. c. 1875 BC) was a Mesopotamian king of uncertain jurisdiction. Thorkild Jacobsen suggested Uruk, presumably preceding Sîn-kāšid, contemporary with the latter part of the 1st Dynasty of Isin.

Sîn-kāšid
Sîn-kāšid (inscribed in Akkadian: 𒀭𒂗𒍪𒂵𒅆𒀉: EN.ZU-kà-ši-id; died c. 1833 BC) was the Amorite king of the ancient Mesopotamian city of Uruk during the 18th century BC. No date lists are known nor any year names so his regnal length is uncertain, but it is likely to have been fairly long due to the voluminous building inscriptions extant for which he is best known. He was contemporary with Nur-Adad of Larsa and Enlil-bani of Isin. His apparent lack of relationship with any of the preceding rulers of Uruk and his omission of mentioning his father in any of his inscriptions has led to the belief that he was the founder of a dynasty.  He participated in a diplomatic marriage with Šallurtum, the daughter of Sumu-la-El, the second king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, as her name and epithets appear in the seal impressions of three clay bullae recovered from the remains of his palace.
Szczechy Wielkie
Szczechy Wielkie [ˈʂt͡ʂɛxɨ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] (German: Groß Zechen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pisz, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Pisz and 88 km (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Pisz
Pisz (pronounced Peesh [pʲiʂ], previously also Jańsbork, German: Johannisburg) is a historic town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in northern Poland, with a population of 19,466 (2016). It is the seat of Pisz County. Pisz is situated at the junction of Lake Roś and the Pisa River, in the region of Masuria.
1950 Dunedin mayoral election
The 1950 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1950, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Donald Cameron, the incumbent Mayor, declined to run for a third term. He was succeeded by councillor Len Wright who narrowly defeated the Labour Party candidate Hubert Brown. There was also a swing against the Citizens' association on the city council with both the Labour Party and Citizens' tickets winning six seats each.

Mayor of Dunedin
The mayor of Dunedin is the head of the local government, the city council of Dunedin, New Zealand. The mayor's role is "to provide leadership to the other elected members of the territorial authority, be a leader in the community and perform civic duties". The mayor is directly elected, using the single transferable vote (STV) system from 2007. The current mayor is Sophie Barker who was elected in 2025.

The mayor has always been elected at large, with the inaugural election in 1865. Up until 1915, the term of mayor was for one year only. From 1915 to 1935, the term was two years. Since the 1935 mayoral election, the term has been three years. The role of deputy mayor was established in 1917.
The city council translates the office and title of mayor as Te Koromatua o Ōtepoti.

The mayoralty is subject to election every three years, the next vote being the 2025 Dunedin mayoral election.
Welfare capitalism
Welfare capitalism is capitalism that includes social welfare policies and/or the practice of businesses providing welfare services to their employees. Welfare capitalism in this second sense, or industrial paternalism, was centered on industries that employed skilled labor and peaked in the mid-20th century.

Today, welfare capitalism is most often associated with the models of capitalism found in Central Mainland and Northern Europe, such as the Nordic model and social market economy (also known as Rhine capitalism and social capitalism). In some cases welfare capitalism exists within a mixed economy, but welfare states can and do exist independently of policies common to mixed economies such as state interventionism and extensive regulation.

Skill (labor)
Skill is a measure of the amount of worker's expertise, specialization, wages, and supervisory capacity. Skilled workers are generally more trained, higher paid, and have more responsibilities than unskilled workers.

Skilled workers have long had historical import (see division of labour) as masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, brewers, coopers, printers and other occupations that are economically productive. Skilled workers were often politically active through their craft guilds.
Flavonol synthase
In enzymology, a flavonol synthase (EC 1.14.11.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the  following chemical reaction :

dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglutarate + O2  a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are dihydroflavonol, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 4 products are flavonol, succinate, CO2, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into each donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is dihydroflavonol,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in flavonoid biosynthesis.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Portrait of William Roscoe
Portrait of William Roscoe is a portrait painting by the Irish artist Martin Archer Shee in 1817. It depicts the lawyer and politician William Roscoe. A noted abolitionist, he was also known as an art collector, he is shown in his library with a bust of Charles James Fox, a gesture towards his own Whigs.

In 1830, the Dublin-born Martin Archer Shee was one of the leading portraitists of Regency Britain who succeeded his friend Thomas Lawrence as President of the Royal Academy. The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1817 at Somerset House in London. Archer Shee also submitted another portrait for the 1819 Exhibition, possibly a cartoon of this work. Today the painting is in the collection of the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.

Abolitionism in the United Kingdom
Abolitionism in the United Kingdom was the movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to end the practice of slavery, whether formal or informal, in the United Kingdom, the British Empire and the world, including ending the Atlantic slave trade. It was part of a wider abolitionism movement in Western Europe and the Americas. It spanned over a century and involved a wide range of activists, politicians, religious groups, and former slaves.

The trade of slaves was abolished throughout the British Empire by 1937, with Nigeria and Bahrain being the last British territories to abolish slavery.
Silicon quantum dot
Silicon quantum dots are metal-free biologically compatible quantum dots with photoluminescence emission maxima that are tunable through the visible to near-infrared spectral regions. These quantum dots have unique properties arising from their indirect band gap, including long-lived luminescent excited-states and large Stokes shifts. A variety of disproportionation, pyrolysis, and solution protocols have been used to prepare silicon quantum dots, however it is important to note that some solution-based protocols for preparing luminescent silicon quantum dots actually yield carbon quantum dots instead of the reported silicon. The unique properties of silicon quantum dots lend themselves to an array of potential applications: biological imaging, luminescent solar concentrators, light emitting diodes, sensors, and lithium-ion battery anodes.

Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis (/paɪˈrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek  πῦρ (pûr) 'fire' and  λύσις (lúsis) 'separation') is a process involving the separation of covalent bonds in organic matter by thermal decomposition within an inert environment without oxygen.
Tübän Qozğınçı
Tübän Qozğınçı (Tatar: Түбән Козгынчы, romanized: Tübän Qozğınçı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Mamadış District, Tatarstan. The population was 282 as of 2010.
Tübän Qozğınçı is located 28 km from Mamаdış, district's administrative centre, and 194 km from Qazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The earliest known record of the settlement dates from 1619.
There are 4 streets in the village.

Mamadyshsky District
Mamadyshsky District (Russian: Мамады́шский райо́н; Tatar: Мамадыш районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located in the north of the republic and encompasses an area of 2,600 square kilometers (1,000 sq mi). According to the 2010 census, the municipality had a population of 45,005. The administrative center of the district is the town of Mamadysh, which accounts for 32.1% of the district's total population.

In the 12th century the settlement of Ak Kirmen stood within the boundaries of the current district. In 1930, the modern borders of the Mamadyshsky district were established. The industrial park “Vyatka” and two industrial sites “Selkhoztekhnika” and “Selkhozkhimiya” operate in the region.
DLC1
Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 also known as DLC1 and StAR-related lipid transfer protein 12 (STARD12) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DLC1 gene.

This gene is deleted in the primary tumor of hepatocellular carcinoma. It maps to 8p22-p21.3, a region frequently deleted in solid tumors. This gene is a candidate tumor suppressor gene for human liver cancer, as well as prefacing prostate, lung, colorectal, and breast cancers.

CDC42
Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42 or CDC42) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC42 gene. Cdc42 is involved in regulation of the cell cycle. It was originally identified in S. cerevisiae (yeast) as a mediator of cell division, and is now known to influence a variety of signaling events and cellular processes in a variety of organisms from yeast to mammals.
RNase MRP
RNase MRP is an enzymatically active ribonucleoprotein with two distinct roles in eukaryotes. RNase MRP stands for RNase for Mitochondrial RNA Processing. In mitochondria, it plays a direct role in the initiation of mitochondrial DNA replication. In the nucleus, it is involved in precursor rRNA processing, where it cleaves the internal transcribed spacer 1 between 18S and 5.8S rRNAs.  Despite distinct functions, RNase MRP has been shown to be evolutionarily related to RNase P. Like eukaryotic RNase P, RNase MRP is not catalytically active without associated protein subunits.

Mutations in the RNA component of RNase MRP cause cartilage–hair hypoplasia, a pleiotropic human disease. Responsible for this disease is a mutation in the RNase MRP RNA gene (RMRP), a non-coding RNA gene. RMRP was the first non-coding nuclear RNA gene found to cause disease.

Dysplasia
Dysplasia is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) or organs (macroscopic scale), and the abnormal histology or anatomical structure(s) resulting from such growth. Dysplasias on a mainly microscopic scale include epithelial dysplasia and fibrous dysplasia of bone. Dysplasias on a mainly macroscopic scale include hip dysplasia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multicystic dysplastic kidney.

In one of the modern histopathological senses of the term, dysplasia is sometimes differentiated from other categories of tissue change including hyperplasia, metaplasia, and neoplasia, and dysplasias are thus generally not cancerous. An exception is that the myelodysplasias include a range of benign, precancerous, and cancerous forms. Various other dysplasias tend to be precancerous. The word's meanings thus cover a spectrum of histopathological variations.
Romania at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Romania competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. 124 competitors, 71 men and 53 women, took part in 86 events in 13 sports. Notably, Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation to participate at these Games; all others followed the Soviet Union's boycott of the Games. The Romanian athletes were greeted with warm applause and even a standing ovation from the spectators as they entered the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum during the opening ceremony, in part an affirmation of the nation's defiance of the boycott. The Romanian Olympic team was phenomenally successful at the games, ultimately placing second to the United States in the gold medal tally.

Florența Crăciunescu
Florența Crăciunescu (née Ionescu, then Țacu, 7 May 1955 – 8 June 2008) was a Romanian athlete. She won a bronze medal in the discus throw at the 1984 Olympics, finishing sixth in 1980; in 1984 she also placed eighth in the shot put. Her elder sister Carmen Ionesco competed in the same events for Canada at the 1984 Olympics.
Hood By Air
Hood By Air (often stylized as HBA) was a fashion and streetwear brand based in New York City co-founded by designers Shayne Oliver and Raul Lopez. It was launched in 2006 and took a hiatus from 2017 to 2019. Oliver left the brand in 2023.

Helmut Lang (fashion brand)
Helmut Lang is a New York–based luxury fashion brand created by Austrian fashion designer Helmut Lang in 1986 known for its distinctive minimalist style. The  brand was acquired from its founder by fashion house Prada in 2004, and then by Fast Retailing in 2006.
Ramazan pidesi
Ramazan pidesi (Turkish for Ramadan pita) is a traditional soft-leavened Turkish bread.

Round and rather flat in form, and having a weave-like patterned crust, Ramazan pidesi is made of wheat flour with yeast, and topped with sesame and Nigella sativa seeds. Egg wash is a common addition, added both for its taste and its appearance.

It is traditionally served for the iftar and sahur meals during the holy month of Ramadan.

Nigella sativa
Nigella sativa (common names, black caraway, black cumin, nigella or kalonji) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Asia (Arabia, the Levant, Cyprus, Turkey, Iran and Iraq), and eastern Europe (Bulgaria and Romania). It is naturalised over parts of Europe, northern Africa, and east to Myanmar. It is used as a spice in various food preparations, especially in Arab and Halal cuisines.
Talki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Talki [ˈtalki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wydminy, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Wydminy, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Giżycko, and 100 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Giżycko County
Giżycko County (Polish: powiat giżycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms of 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Giżycko, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Ryn, lying 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Giżycko.

The county covers an area of 1,118.74 square kilometres (431.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 56,661, out of which the population of Giżycko is 29,335, that of Ryn is 2,851, and the rural population is 24,475.

Until 2002 Giżycko County also included the three gminas which now form Węgorzewo County.
Otto Krieg
Otto Krieg was a Swiss footballer who played as midfielder.

Krieg first played for FC Birsfelden and together with Otto Soltermann they joined FC Basel's first team for their 1949–50 season under player-coach Ernst Hufschmid. After playing in two test matches Krieg played his domestic league debut for his new club in the away game on 13 November 1949 against Zürich. He scored his first goal for the club in the same match, but this did not save the team from a 2–5 defeat.

In his one season with the club Krieg played a total of 14 games for Basel scoring two goals. Eight of these games were in the Nationalliga A, two were in the Swiss Cup and the other four were friendly games. He scored that one mentioned league goal and the other in a cup game.

Following their one season in Basel Krieg and Soltermann returned to play for FC Birsfelden.

Swiss Cup
The Swiss Cup (German: Schweizer Cup; French: Coupe de Suisse; Italian: Coppa Svizzera; Romansh: Cuppa Svizra)  is a football cup competition that has been organised annually since 1925–26 season by the Swiss Football Association.

The Swiss Cup final is usually the most important game of the year with a high attendance. The competition is also shaped by games in the first rounds when villages celebrate the tie of their club with a professional team leading to infrastructure improvements and often thousands of spectators at the local football pitch. Since 1999 the cup winners earns the chance to qualify for the UEFA Europa League or the UEFA Conference League in accordance with the rankings of Switzerland in the UEFA coefficient.