hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kiedrzynski family with Ostoja coat of arms
The Kiedrzynski family is a Polish noble family with the Ostoja coat of arms, belonging to the heraldic Clan Ostoja (Moscics), originating from Kiedrzyn (now a district of Częstochowa). Kiedrzyński was mentioned by Kasper Niesiecki in Herbarz Polski.

Burgrave
Burgrave, also rendered as burggrave (from German: Burggraf [ˈbʊʁkˌɡʁaːf] ⓘ, Latin: burgravius, burggravius, burcgravius, burgicomes, also praefectus), was since the medieval period in Europe (mainly Germany) the official title for the ruler of a castle, especially a royal or episcopal castle, and its territory called a Burgraviate or Burgravate (German Burggrafschaft also Burggrafthum, Latin praefectura).

The burgrave was a "count" in rank (German Graf, Latin comes) equipped with judicial powers, under the direct authority of the emperor or king, or of a territorial imperial state—a prince-bishop or territorial lord. The responsibilities were administrative, military and jurisdictional.

In time the position came to be a purely administrative position held by middle or high ranking civil servants.

A burgrave, who ruled over a substantially large territory, might also have possessed the regality of coinage, and could mint his own regional coins (see silver bracteates).
Hapoel Be'er Sheva B.C.
Hapoel Be'er Sheva B.C. (Hebrew: הפועל באר שבע) is a professional basketball club based in Be'er Sheva, Israel. The team plays in the Israeli Basketball Premier League, the top tier of Israeli basketball and in the Balkan International Basketball League. It plays its home games in the Conch Arena.

Jason Williams (basketball, born 1983)
Jason Williams (born November 17, 1983) is an American professional basketball player. A 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) forward, Williams last played for Chorale Roanne Basket of the LNB Pro B and has been a free agent since 2019. He formerly appeared at the Euroleague with the European powerhouse Maccabi Tel Aviv.
Nikolas Agrafiotis
Nikolas Agrafiotis (Serbian Cyrillic: Николас Аграфиотис; born 25 April 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for German 3. Liga club Wehen Wiesbaden. Born in the Netherlands, he has represented Serbia at youth level.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
Garfield's Halloween Adventure
Garfield's Halloween Adventure (originally titled Garfield in Disguise) is a 1985 American animated television special based on the Garfield comic strip. It is directed by Phil Roman and written by Garfield creator Jim Davis, and features the voices of Lorenzo Music, Thom Huge, Gregg Berger and C. Lindsay Workman. It originally aired on CBS on October 30, 1985.

The special, a ghost story with a pirate theme, originally aired near Halloween and afterwards often played around the time of the holiday until the turn of the century. It won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program and was also the subject of an illustrated children's book adaptation.

This is the fourth of twelve Garfield television specials made between 1982 and 1991.

Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).
Stefania Sempołowska
Stefania Sempołowska (1 October 1869 – 31 January 1944) was a Polish educator, activist and writer.

She has been described as the leader of the movement for prisoners' rights in Poland during most of her lifetime.

Prisoners' rights
The rights of civilian and military prisoners are governed by both national and international law.  International conventions include the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the United Nations' Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Baron Heneage
Baron Heneage, of Hainton in the County of Lincoln, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 8 June 1896 for Edward Heneage. He was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster under William Ewart Gladstone between February and April 1886, when he broke with Gladstone over Irish Home Rule. He was succeeded by his eldest son George, the second Baron. He was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Lincolnshire Regiment and fought in both the Second Boer War and the First World War. He died unmarried and was succeeded by his third and youngest brother, Reverend Edward Heneage, the third Baron. He was Rector of St Mark's Church, Victoria, British Columbia. He was also unmarried and on his death on 19 February 1967 the barony became extinct.

George Fieschi Heneage, father of the first Baron, was Member of Parliament (MP) for Grimsby and for Lincoln, while Edward Heneage, uncle of the first Baron, was Member of Parliament for Grimsby.

Edward Heneage (1802–1880)
Edward Heneage (24 July 1802 – 25 June 1880) was a British Whig politician.

Heneage was the son of George Robert Heneage (1768–1833) and his wife Frances Anne Ainslie. He was educated at Eton College.

At the 1835 general election he was elected unopposed as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Grimsby, a seat which had been held from 1826 to 1830 by his older brother George. He was re-elected unopposed in 1841 and 1847, but was defeated in a contest in 1852.
Stanislav Angelovič
Stanislav Angelovič (born 26 March 1982) is a Slovak former professional footballer who played as a right-back. He was part of MŠK Žilina during the club's golden period winning the Corgoň Liga twice, the Slovak Cup once and qualifying for the club's first and only appearance at the group stage of the UEFA Champions League. After his time with Žilina, Angelovič moved to play for and manage Svätý Jur.

Angelovič appears in RTVS, Slovak public broadcaster, during televised national team or club international fixtures as well as major tournaments, like UEFA Euro 2020, as an expert analyst and panel member.

MŠK Žilina
MŠK Žilina (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈem ˈeʂ ˈkaː ˈʐilina]) is a Slovak football club based in the town of Žilina, that is playing in the Slovak First Football League. Since the league inception in 1993, the club has won 7 titles and comes second in All-time table that makes them one of the most successful teams in the competition.
The club and their supporters alike are nicknamed Šošoni (after the Shoshone Native American tribe) and play their home games in the Štadión pod Dubňom. Žilina won their most recent title in 2016–17 season.
Mount Fair
Mount Fair is a historic home and farm complex located in Albemarle County, Virginia.  The main house was built about 1848, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, frame building with Greek Revival style details. It has a hipped roof with widow's walk and a one-story, one-bay porch with a flat roof supported by Doric order columns.  Also on the property are a contributing detached kitchen, a greenhouse, and two contributing structures, an icehouse and a spring house. The tract also has three contributing sites: the ruins of slave quarters, a slave cemetery, and a family cemetery.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Ice house (building)
An ice house or icehouse is a building used to store ice throughout the year, commonly used prior to the invention of the refrigerator. Some were underground chambers, usually man-made, located near natural sources of winter ice, such as freshwater lakes, but many were buildings with various types of insulation.

During the winter, ice and snow would be cut from lakes or rivers, taken into the ice house, and packed with insulation (often straw or sawdust). It would remain frozen for many months, often until the following winter, and could be used as a source of ice during the summer months.

The main application of ice was food preservation, but it could also be used to cool drinks or to prepare desserts such as ice cream and sorbet. During the heyday of the ice trade, a typical commercial ice house would store 2,700 tonnes (3,000 short tons) of ice in a 9-by-30-metre (30 by 100 ft) and 14-metre-high (45 ft) building.
Content strategy
Content strategy guides the planning, development, and management of content. It is a recognized field in user experience design, and it also draws from adjacent disciplines such as information architecture, content management, business analysis, digital marketing, and technical communication.

User experience
User experience (UX) is how a user interacts with and experiences a product, system, or service. It includes a person's perceptions of  utility, ease of use, and efficiency. Improving user experience is important to most companies, designers, and creators when creating and refining products because negative user experience can diminish the use of the product and, therefore, any desired positive impacts. Conversely, designing toward profitability as a main objective often conflicts with ethical user experience objectives and even causes harm. User experience is subjective. However, the attributes that make up the user experience are objective.
Comedy troupe
A comedy troupe is a group of comedians and associated personnel who work together to perform comedy as entertainment. The term is often used interchangeably with comedy group, and the troupe may specialize in a specific genre or style of comedy.

Some examples of comedy troupes include: the Marx Brothers, the Three Stooges, Laurel and Hardy, Martin and Lewis, Abbott and Costello, Cheech & Chong, the Second City, Kalabhavan, the Firesign Theatre, Monty Python, Blue Collar Comedy Tour, Penn and Teller, the Kids in the Hall, the Mighty Boosh, the Trailer Park Boys, The Whitest Kids U' Know, the Tenderloins, the Hollow Men, Asperger's Are Us, Kummeli, Senario, and Them There.

The Hollow Men (comedy troupe)
The Hollow Men are an English sketch comedy group consisting of David Armand, Nick Tanner, Rupert Russell, and Sam Spedding. The Hollow Men is also the title of their TV show broadcast in the United States by Comedy Central. The show follows the kind of silliness from sketch comedy shows like Monty Python's Flying Circus and The Kids in the Hall. The six-episode series aired in early 2005. In 2006 they broadcast a BBC Radio 4 sketch show, also of the same name. The radio show was recommissioned and a second series was aired in September 2007, along with a special broadcast from the Edinburgh Festival. Both series also featured Katy Brand. The group performed extensively as a live act with shows in London, Edinburgh, Los Angeles, Montreal and New York.
Reduced product
In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, and in algebra, the reduced product is a construction that generalizes both direct product and ultraproduct.

Let {Si | i ∈ I} be a nonempty family of structures of the same signature σ indexed by a set I, and let U be a proper filter on I. The domain of the reduced product is the quotient of the Cartesian product

by a certain equivalence relation ~: two elements (ai) and (bi) of the Cartesian product are equivalent if

If U only contains I as an element, the equivalence relation is trivial, and the reduced product is just the direct product.  If U is an ultrafilter, the reduced product is an ultraproduct.

Operations from σ are interpreted on the reduced product by applying the operation pointwise. Relations are interpreted by

For example, if each structure is a vector space, then the reduced product is a vector space with addition defined as (a + b)i = ai + bi and multiplication by a scalar c as (ca)i = c ai.

Direct product
In mathematics, a direct product of objects already known can often be defined by giving a new one. That induces a structure on the Cartesian product of the underlying sets from that of the contributing objects. The categorical product is an abstraction of these notions in the setting of category theory.

Examples are the product of sets, groups (described below), rings, and other algebraic structures. The product of topological spaces is another instance.

The direct sum is a related operation that agrees with the direct product in some but not all cases.
Mat Devine
Mat Devine (born Matthew Devine, April 16, 1975) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He created and fronted the alternative rock band Kill Hannah. His debut solo album, Gold Blooded, was released in August 2014.  He is currently the Head of Music Partnerships at Cameo.

Amanda Palmer
Amanda MacKinnon Palmer (born April 30, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and performance artist who was the lead vocalist, pianist, and lyricist of the duo the Dresden Dolls and the ex-wife of author Neil Gaiman. She performs as a solo artist and was also a member of the duo Evelyn Evelyn and the lead singer and songwriter of Amanda Palmer and the Grand Theft Orchestra. She has gained a cult fanbase and was one of the first musical artists to popularize the use of crowdfunding websites.

Beginning in 2024, news outlets published sexual assault accusations against Palmer's estranged husband by numerous women. One accuser sued Palmer for negligence in human trafficking and "procuring and presenting the Plaintiff to Gaiman for such abuse." Palmer has denied these allegations.
Pillar coral
Pillar coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus) is a hard coral (order Scleractinia) found in the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Dendrogyra. It is a digitate coral -that is, it resembles fingers (Latin digites) or a cluster of cigars, growing up from the sea floor without any secondary branching. It is large and can grow on both flat and sloping surfaces at depths down to 20 m (65 ft). It is one of the few types of hard coral in which the polyps can commonly be seen feeding during the day.

Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are two sexes and each individual organism is either male or female. The term gonochorism is usually applied in animal species, the vast majority of which are gonochoric.: 212–222

Gonochorism contrasts with simultaneous hermaphroditism but it may be hard to tell if a species is gonochoric or sequentially hermaphroditic e.g. parrotfish, Patella ferruginea. However, in gonochoric species individuals remain either male or female throughout their lives. Species that reproduce by thelytokous parthenogenesis and do not have males can still be classified as gonochoric.
Yamaha YM1
The Yamaha YM1 is a motorcycle produced by Yamaha from 1964 to 1966. It used a 305 cc 2-stroke engine. It shared common parts with the 246 cc YDS3 and was virtually identical in all respects with the exception of bore and stroke.

The YM1 featured an oil-injection system that fed oil to the carburettor intake, the oil flow increasing as the throttle was opened.  This gave the motorcycle sufficient lubrication for the crankshaft, cylinders, connecting rods, and pistons without requiring premixing of the oil and gas and with reduced use of oil.

Blue/white, red/white and black/white models were available for the YM1, which had a top speed of approximately 100 mph. The YM1 was an economical machine with high performance, being originally priced under $800 and capable of nearly 100mph, when such a speed was unusual for a small-capacity motorcycle.

Bore (engine)
In a piston engine, the bore (or cylinder bore) is the diameter of each cylinder.

Engine displacement is calculated based on bore, stroke length and the number of cylinders:

displacement = π (⁠1/2⁠ × bore)2 × stroke × ncylinders

The stroke ratio, determined by dividing the bore by the stroke, traditionally indicated whether an engine was designed for power at high engine speeds (rpm) or torque at lower engine speeds. The term "bore" can also be applied to the bore of a locomotive cylinder or steam engine pistons.
1998 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 1998 Winter Olympics took place at Nagano Olympic Stadium, Nagano, Japan, on 7 February 1998. It began at 11:00 JST and finished at approximately 14:00 JST. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings combined the formal and ceremonial opening of this international sporting event, including welcoming speeches, hoisting of the flags and the parade of athletes, with an artistic spectacle to showcase the host nation's culture and history. The Games were officially opened by Emperor of Japan Akihito.

Alan Tomlinson, Professor in Leisure Studies at the University of Brighton, argued that the main theme of this opening ceremony is Peace and Harmony. While elements of Nagano's religious and sporting culture are shown throughout the ceremony, it is shown alongside examples of a hopeful wish in a world peace at the end of the 20th century.

Nagano (city)
Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜɡano, naɡanoꜜɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of 371.4 meters (1,219 ft).

The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353 m), and it is near the confluence of the Chikuma River—the longest and widest river in Japan—and the Sai River. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 365,296 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 438 persons per km². The total area of the city is 834.81 square kilometres (322.32 sq mi).
M'hamed Boucetta
M'hamed Boucetta (in Arabic: امحمد بوستة – Born 23 December 1925 in Marrakech – Dead 17 February 2017 in Rabat) was a Moroccan politician and lawyer.

Boucetta held several top political position in post-independent Morocco, including: Minister of Justice (1961–1963), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1977–1979, 1979–1983) and co-founder and secretary general of the Istiqlal Party (1974–1998).

Istiqlal Party
The Istiqlal Party (Arabic: حزب الإستقلال, romanized: ḥizb al-istiqlāl, lit. 'Independence Party'; Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⴰⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵜⵉⵇⵍⴰⵍ, romanized: akabar n listiqlal; French: Parti Istiqlal) is a political party in Morocco. It is a conservative and monarchist party and a member of the Centrist Democrat International and International Democracy Union. Istiqlal headed a coalition government under Abbas El Fassi from 19 September 2007 to 29 November 2011. From 2013 to 2021, it was part of the opposition. Since 2021 it is part of a coalition government led by Aziz Akhannouch.

The party emerged in January 1944 during the anti-colonial struggle against French and Spanish imperial rule, making it the oldest active political party in Morocco.
Edmund Weiss
Edmund Weiss (26 August 1837 – 21 June 1917) was an Austrian astronomer. He was born in Frývaldov, Austrian Silesia, now Jeseník, Czech Silesia. His father, Josef Weiss (1795–1847), was a pioneer of hydrotherapy. His twin brother, Adolf Gustav Weiss (1837–1894), became a botanist.

Austrian Silesia
Austrian Silesia, officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia, was an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Habsburg monarchy (from 1804 the Austrian Empire, and from 1867 the Cisleithanian portion of Austria-Hungary). It is largely coterminous with the present-day region of Czech Silesia (with a smaller part in Poland) and was, historically, part of the larger Silesia region.
Steven Da Costa
Steven Da Costa, sometimes written as Steven Dacosta (born 23 January 1997) is a French karateka. He won the gold medal in the men's 67 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. He is a three-time gold medalist in the men's 67 kg event at the World Karate Championships (2018, 2021, and 2023). He is also a three-time gold medalist in this event at the European Karate Championships (2016, 2019, and 2023).

Karate World Championships
The Karate World Championships, also known as the WKF World Karate Championships, are the highest level of competition for karate organized by the World Karate Federation (WKF).  The competition is held in a different city every two years. Championships in the 2000s included Madrid in 2002, Monterrey in 2004, Tampere in 2006, Tokyo in 2008, and Belgrade in 2010. The competition was initially riddled with controversy regarding karate styles and the ruleset.

In 1980, women were first allowed to compete in the championships.
Torma, Estonia
Torma is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County, Estonia. As of the 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 396. In 2019, the population was found to have decreased to 383.

2011 Estonian census
The 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011) (Estonian: Rahva ja eluruumide loendus (REL 2011)) was a census that was carried out during 31 December 2011 – 31 March 2012 in Estonia by Statistics Estonia.

The total population recorded was 1,294,455 persons, compared to 1,370,052 persons counted in the 2000 Estonian census.
Gilbert Knowles
Gilbert Knowles (1667–1734) was an English Roman Catholic priest, botanist and poet.

He is known only for his Materia Medica Botanica (London, 1723, 4to), which was dedicated to Dr. Richard Mead, and consists of 7355 Latin hexameters. Four hundred plants of the materia medica are described and their uses in medicine explained. Various episodes, some of which may yet be read with pleasure, are interwoven with the subject for the sake of ornament. Knowles alludes to his verses as being written "rudi Minerva", and evidently was a close student both of Virgil's style and matter.

A portrait engraved in mezzotint by John Faber the Younger from a painting by T. Murray, subscribed "Mr. Gilbert Knowles, ætatis 49, anno 1723," is prefixed to the volume.

Hexameter
Hexameter is a metrical line of verses consisting of six feet (a "foot" here is the pulse, or major accent, of words in an English line of poetry; in Greek as well as in Latin a "foot" is not an accent, but describes various combinations of syllables). It was the standard epic metre in classical Greek and Latin literature, such as in the Iliad, Odyssey and Aeneid. Its use in other genres of composition include Horace's satires, Ovid's Metamorphoses, and the Hymns of Orpheus. According to Greek mythology, hexameter was invented by Phemonoe, daughter of Apollo and the first Pythia of Delphi.
Filippo Palizzi
Filippo Palizzi (16 June 1818 – 11 September 1899) was an Italian painter, known for his rural genre scenes with animals, mostly goats. His brothers, Francesco Paolo, Giuseppe and Nicola, also became painters.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.