hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Supermarine Seagull (1921)
The Supermarine Seagull was a flying boat produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Supermarine. It was developed by Supermarine's chief designer R.J. Mitchell from the experimental Supermarine Seal II.

Development of the Seagull started during 1920. In June 1921 it was evaluated for military applications but was rejected, and so Supermarine developed the aircraft as a private venture. During February 1922, an initial order for two aircraft was placed by the Air Ministry; subsequent production of the Seagull is believed to have assisted Supermarine to survive during a period when the aircraft industry struggled to attract customers.

The Seagull was used by the British Fleet Air Arm for gunnery spotting and reconnaissance duties. It was operated by the Royal Australian Air Force for similar purposes. During the early 1930s, when the type was being replaced by the more successful Supermarine Walrus, a number of Seagulls were re-used for civilian purposes.

Lewis gun
The Lewis gun (or Lewis automatic machine gun or Lewis automatic rifle) is a First World War–era light machine gun. Designed privately in the United States though not adopted there, the design was finalised and mass-produced in the United Kingdom, and widely used by troops of the British Empire during the war. It had a distinctive barrel cooling shroud (containing a finned breech-to-muzzle aluminium heat sink to cool the gun barrel), and top-mounted pan magazine. The Lewis served until the end of the Korean War, and was widely used as an aircraft machine gun during both World Wars, almost always with the cooling shroud removed, as air flow during flight offered sufficient cooling.
Gawler Belt, South Australia
Gawler Belt is a locality to the northwest of Gawler in South Australia. The area is predominantly rural in character, although most of the area now consists of allotments too small to farm profitably, so it is essentially a rural and industrial suburb of Gawler.

Gawler Belt is bounded on its southeast side by the Gawler bypass road and Sturt Highway. It is crossed by the now-unused Roseworthy railway line, but there has never been a station in Gawler Belt. The Gawler Belt Inn stood approximately where the Redbanks Road interchange on the Gawler Bypass is now, however the hotel was closed well before the bypass was built. The Inn operated from 1857 until 1913.

Sturt Highway
Sturt Highway is an Australian national highway in New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. It is an important road link for the transport of passengers and freight between Sydney and Adelaide and the regions along the route.

Initially an amalgam of trunk routes, the Sturt Highway was proclaimed a state highway in NSW in 1933. In 1955, the route was allocated a National Route number (20). It was included in the National Highway system in 1992, forming the Sydney-Adelaide Link. Sturt Highway is allocated as route A20 for its entire length, the majority of which is a single carriageway, and freeway standard and 6-lane arterial road standard towards its western terminus in Gawler.
Battle of Cheoin
The Battle of Cheoin was a battle between Goryeo militants and forces of the Mongol Empire in Cheoin-bugok, Suju, Yanggwang-do (modern day Yongin, Gyeonggi) on December 16, 1232. Despite being outnumbered, civilian forces of the fortress managed to hold off the Mongol advance. Following the death of the Mongolian general Saritai, the invading force withdrew, effectively ending the second Mongol invasion of Korea.

Gyeonggi Province
Gyeonggi Province (Korean: 경기도; RR: Gyeonggi-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.ɡi.do̞]) is the most populous province in South Korea.

Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946. Incheon, the nation's third-largest city, is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981. The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 (4,530 sq mi), with a combined population of over 26 million - amounting to over half (50.25%) of the entire population of South Korea, and a third of the population of the Korean peninsula at the 2020 census.
Van Buren Post Office
The Van Buren Post Office is located at 22 South 7th Street in Van Buren, Arkansas. It is a single-story brick and stone building, with restrained Art Deco styling. The main entrance is topped by a panel with aluminum signage identifying the building, with a large window above. It is flanked by tall pilasters, beyond which are tall windows and another pair of pilasters. The outer bays of the facade, set off from the center, have windows topped by decorative Art Deco panels. The post office was built in 1936, and features a mural by E. Martin Hennings (a member of the Taos Society of Artists), that was executed in 1940 with funding from the Treasury Department's Section of Fine Arts.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

United States post office murals
United States post office murals are notable examples of New Deal art produced during the years 1934–1943.

They were commissioned through a competitive process by the United States Department of the Treasury. Some 1,400 murals were created for federal post office buildings in more than 1,300 U.S. cities. Murals still extant are the subject of efforts by the U.S. Postal Service to preserve and protect them.

In 2019, the USPS issued a sheet of 10 Forever stamps commemorating the murals; the murals were from the post offices of Piggott, AR; Anadarko, OK; Florence, CO; Deming, NM; and Rockville, MD.
Anjolie Ela Menon
Anjolie Ela Menon (born 17 July 1940) is one of India's leading contemporary artists. Her paintings are in several major collections, including the NGMA, the Chandigarh Museum and the Peabody Essex Museum. In 2006, her triptych work "Yatra" was acquired by the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, California. Other works have also been a part of group exhibitions including 'Kalpana: Figurative Art in India', presented by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) in London's Aicon Gallery in 2009. Her preferred medium is oil on masonite, though she has also worked in other media, including Murano glass, computer graphics and water colour. She is a well known muralist. She was awarded the Padma Shree in 2000. She lives and works in New Delhi.

Asian Art Museum (San Francisco)
The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco – Chong-Moon Lee Center for Asian Art and Culture is a museum in San Francisco, California that specializes in Asian art. The museum building and its permanent collection are owned by the City of San Francisco.
Petronilla de Meath
Petronilla de Midia (of Meath) (c. 1300 - 1324) was an alleged follower of Dame Alice Kyteler, a  wealthy woman of Flemish ancestry who lived in the English colony of Ireland in what is now County Kilkenny. After the death of Kyteler's fourth husband, Kyteler was accused of practicing witchcraft and Petronilla was charged with being one of her accomplices. Petronilla was tortured and forced to proclaim that she and Kyteler were guilty of witchcraft. Kyteler fled to save her life, and Petronilla was then flogged and eventually burnt at the stake on 3 November 1324 in Kilkenny. Hers was the first known case in Ireland or British Isles of death by fire for the crime of heresy.

County Kilkenny
County Kilkenny (Irish: Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Kilkenny. Kilkenny County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2022 census the population of the county was 103,685. The county was based on the historic Gaelic kingdom of Ossory (Osraighe), which was coterminous with the Diocese of Ossory.
Tony Kuepfer
Tony Kuepfer (born 1947 in Portland, Oregon) is an American-New Zealand glass artist.

He studied at Portland State University before moving to Inglewood, in Taranaki, New Zealand in 1974. Here, Kuepfer and his wife converted an old church into a studio, glass furnaces and a showroom. According to Stuart Park, Kuepfer ‘continued at Inglewood for nearly 15 years, and provided many New Zealanders with their first chance to buy studio glass and to see it being made’. He has exhibited with the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts. In 1981 he was profiled on the New Zealand television arts programme Kaleidoscope.

His work is held in the collections of many of the national and regional museums in New Zealand. These include the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the Auckland War Memorial Museum, the Dowse Art Museum, the Christchurch Art Gallery, and the Aigantighe Art Gallery in Timaru.

Taranaki
Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand's North Island. It is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki.

The main centre is the city of New Plymouth. The New Plymouth District is one of three in the region and is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. The Stratford District includes the main centres of Stratford, Midhirst, Toko and Whangamōmona. The South Taranaki District includes Hāwera, Manaia, Eltham, and Ōpunake.

Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".
Paddle UK
Paddle UK is a national governing body in the United Kingdom for canoeing, kayaking and other paddlesports such as standup paddleboarding. Established in 1936 as the British Canoe Union, it federalised in 2000 to become the umbrella organisation for the home nation associations in Scotland (Scottish Canoe Association), Wales (Canoe Wales) and Northern Ireland (Canoe Association of Northern Ireland). In 2015 it took on the name British Canoeing and amalgamated the former British Canoe Union, Canoe England and GB Canoeing. In March 2024, British Canoeing changed their name to Paddle UK.

Kayaking
Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving over water. It is distinguished from canoeing by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle. A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation. Most kayaks have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well.
Germanos III of Old Patras
Germanos III of Old Patras (Greek: Παλαιών Πατρών Γερμανός Γʹ; 25 March 1771 – 30 May 1826), born Georgios Kontzias (Γεώργιος Κοντζιάς), was an Orthodox Metropolitan of Patras. He played an important role in the Greek Revolution of 1821, having diplomatic and political activity.

Germanos was born in Dimitsana, northwestern Arcadia, Peloponnese. Before his consecration as Metropolitan of Patras by Patriarch Gregory V, he had served as a priest and protosyncellus in Smyrna. He died in Nafplio.

Arcadia (region)
Arcadia (/ɑːrˈkeɪdiə/; Greek: Ἀρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía) is a region in the central Peloponnese, Greece. It takes its name from the mythological character Arcas, and in Greek mythology it was the home of the gods Hermes and Pan. In European Renaissance arts, Arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled, harmonious wilderness; as such, it was referenced in popular culture.

The modern regional unit of the same name more or less overlaps with the historical region, but is slightly larger.
Now That's What I Call Music! 8 (American series)
Now That's What I Call Music! 8 was released on November 20, 2001. The album is the eighth edition of the Now! series in the U.S. It peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and has been certified 3× Platinum by the RIAA. Three tracks selected for the album, "Bootylicious", "Stutter" and "U Got It Bad", had reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.

Now! 8 is dedicated to Aaliyah, who had died in a plane crash on August 25, 2001, with a portion of the album's profits going to the Aaliyah Memorial Fund.

2001 Marsh Harbour Cessna 402 crash
On August 25, 2001, a Cessna 402 twin-engine light aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff from Marsh Harbour Airport on the Abaco Islands of the Bahamas, killing the pilot and all eight passengers on board. Among the victims were American singer and actress Aaliyah and members of her entourage, including a hairdresser, her bodyguard and a record executive. The group had just completed filming of the music video for "Rock the Boat" and had chartered the flight to return to Florida.

The subsequent investigation determined that the aircraft had attempted to take off while heavily overloaded; the eight passengers exceeded its certified maximum of seven. It also emerged that the pilot falsified records on his experience and qualifications to fly this type of aircraft.
Eugene Nickerson
Eugene Hoffman Nickerson (August 2, 1918 – January 1, 2002) was an American lawyer. Nickerson was the only Democrat to be elected county executive in Nassau County until 2001. Later, as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, he presided over a challenge to the Pentagon's "Don't ask, don't tell" policy on homosexuality and the notorious Abner Louima police brutality case in New York.

Nickerson was nominated by President Jimmy Carter to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York on August 16, 1977 to a seat vacated by Orrin Judd. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 20, 1977, and received his commission on October 21, 1977. He assumed senior status on January 1, 1994, which he continued until his death on January 1, 2002.

Assault of Abner Louima
Abner Louima (born November 24, 1966) is a Haitian American man who, in 1997, was physically attacked, brutalized, and raped by officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) after he was arrested outside a Brooklyn nightclub. His injuries were so severe that he required three major surgeries.

Officers responsible for the attack were charged and convicted in federal court; Justin Volpe was sentenced to 30 years in prison. He was released from prison early in 2023. In 2001, Louima received a US$8.75 million settlement (equivalent to about $16 million in 2025) in his civil suit against the city for police brutality, the largest civil settlement at that time for such abuse. He has set up the Abner Louima Foundation to establish a hospital and community centers in Haiti, Florida, and New York for Haitian residents, immigrants, and others in need.
Cheng Yung-jen
Cheng Yung-jen (Chinese: 鄭勇仁; pinyin: Zhèng Yǒngrén; born 24 January 1977) is a Taiwanese football player who as of 2008 played as a defender for Taiwan Power Company F.C. Most of the time he was the sweeper for the team. He was appointed defensive midfielder for the Chinese Taipei national football team after new manager Toshiaki Imai joined in January 2006.

Chinese Taipei national football team
The Chinese Taipei national football team (Chinese: 中華台北男子足球代表隊) represents Taiwan (The Republic of China) in international football and is controlled by the Chinese Taipei Football Association. Despite never qualifying for the FIFA World Cup, Chinese Taipei, then known as Republic of China, reached the semi-finals of the 1960 and 1968 AFC Asian Cups, finishing third in the former. The side also won gold at the 1954 and 1958 Asian Games, although the players in the team originated from British Hong Kong.
NCAA Season 88 basketball tournaments
The basketball tournaments of NCAA Season 88 are the Philippines' National Collegiate Athletic Association tournaments for basketball in its 2012–13 season. Colegio de San Juan de Letran hosted the season, starting with an opening ceremony held on June 23, 2012 followed by a double-header. Games then are subsequently being held at Filoil Flying V Arena, with men's games on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays aired by AKTV.

Filoil EcoOil Centre
Playtime Filoil Centre (sometimes shortened as Filoil Centre), previously known but still commonly referred to as Filoil EcoOil Centre, is an indoor arena located along Bonny Serrano Avenue in San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines. The arena opened in 2006 as The Arena in San Juan and has hosted games for multiple sports leagues and international events.

The league's notable tenants include the Premier Volleyball League (PVL), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the San Juan Knights of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). It is also home to the annual collegiate Filoil EcoOil Preseason Cup. Other leagues such as the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) have also hosted games at the venue on an occasional basis.
Yekaterinoslavka
Yekaterinoslavka (Russian: Екатериносла́вка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Yekaterinoslavka, Amur Oblast, a selo in Yekaterinoslavsky Rural Settlement of Oktyabrsky District of Amur Oblast

Yekaterinoslavka, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Shingak-Kulsky Selsoviet of Chishminsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Yekaterinoslavka, Khabarovsk Krai, a selo in imeni Lazo District of Khabarovsk Krai

Yekaterinoslavka, Omsk Oblast, a selo in Yekaterinoslavsky Rural Okrug of Sherbakulsky District of Omsk Oblast

Yekaterinoslavka, Dombarovsky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Polevoy Selsoviet of Dombarovsky District of Orenburg Oblast

Yekaterinoslavka, Tyulgansky District, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Yekaterinoslavsky Selsoviet of Tyulgansky District of Orenburg Oblast

Omsk Oblast
Omsk Oblast (Russian: О́мская о́бласть, romanized: Omskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southwestern Siberia. The oblast has an area of 139,700 square kilometers (53,900 sq mi). Its population is 1,977,665 (2010 Census) with the majority, 1.12 million, living in Omsk, the administrative center.

The oblast borders Tyumen Oblast in the north and west, Novosibirsk Oblast and Tomsk Oblast in the east, and Kazakhstan in the south.
Gopal Pacherwal
Gopal Pacherwal (born 8 July 1948) is an Indian politician and a member of the 9th Lok Sabha. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Tonk in Rajasthan in the 1989 Indian general election as a member of the Janata Dal, defeating senior Indian National Congress leader Banwari Lal Bairwa. He was elected to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Patan constituency in Rajasthan in the 1977 and 1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Rashtriya Janata Dal.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
Zion Graphics
Zion Graphics, established in 1992, is an Australian print procurement company which has managed design and printing work for various members of the Liberal Party of Australia since 2003. The company is owned by the Liberal Party's Bella Vista branch president, Rudy Limantono as the sole director of a company called Hillsview Pacific Pty Ltd.

Company clients have included NSW Corrections Minister David Elliott, Treasurer Dominic Perrottet, Western Sydney Minister Stuart Ayres, Mental Health Minister Tanya Davies, Innovations minister Matt Kean, Federal minister Paul Fletcher, Federal backbencher Julian Leeser and several Liberal MPs including: Riverstone MP Kevin Conolly, Kuringai MP Alister Henskens and Seven Hills MP Mark Taylor.

Federal minister Alex Hawke has used the company since his election in 2007. His printing expenditure became the subject of a BuzzFeed News articles in 2018.

Kevin Conolly
Kevin Francis Conolly (born 31 December 1958), an Australian politician, is a former member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Riverstone for the Liberal Party between 2011 and 2023.
Vero cell
Vero cells are a lineage of cells used in cell cultures. The 'Vero' lineage was isolated from kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey (Chlorocebus sp.; formerly called Cercopithecus aethiops, this group of monkeys has been split into several different species).  The lineage was developed on 27 March 1962 by Yasumura and Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan.  The original cell line was named Vero after an abbreviation of verda reno, which means 'green kidney' in Esperanto, while vero itself means 'truth' in Esperanto.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Kaulak
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo y Vallejo, better known as Kaulak (22 December 1862 – 13 September 1933), was a Spanish photographer, art critic, editor and amateur painter. His uncle was prime minister Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, assassinated in 1897 by an anarchist, hence his use of a pseudonym; the meaning of which is unexplained, although the word appears to be of Basque origin.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Sylvia Roberts
Sylvia Roberts (1933–2014) was an American lawyer known for legal work on behalf of patients at the East Louisiana State Hospital's Forensic Unit, for the National Organization for Women's (NOW) Legal Defense and Education Fund (LDEF), as an educator and advocate for the legal rights of women in Louisiana, and on the behalf of victims of domestic violence. Roberts known for representing Lorena Weeks in Weeks v. Southern Bell, the first legal victory in which the National Organization for Women used Title VII of the Civil Rights Act to fight gender-based discrimination.

She served as NOW's first Southern Regional Director and as president of the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund (currently Legal Momentum) (1972–1974).

Her lifelong advocacy on behalf of the victims of mental illness, workplace discrimination, the legal system, and domestic abuse was exemplified through her tireless pursuit of legal justice and efforts to educate the public.

Legal Momentum
Legal Momentum, founded in 1970, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and the nation's first and longest-serving legal advocacy group for women in the United States. Betty Friedan and Muriel Fox were its co-founders and Muriel Fox is an ongoing leader of the organization. Carol Baldwin Moody became President and CEO in April 2018. The organization, founded as the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, became Legal Momentum in 2004. Legal Momentum is a multi-issue organization dedicated to advancing women’s rights and gender equality, particularly in the areas of equal education opportunities; fairness in the courts; ending all forms of gender-based violence; workplace equality and economic empowerment. The organization employs three main strategies: impact litigation, policy advocacy, and educational initiatives. It is headquartered in New York City.