hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sakthivel
Sakthivel  is a 1994 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by K. S. Ravikumar. The film stars Selva, Kanaka and Vijayakumar. Produced by M. Saravanan and M. Balasubramanian of AVM Productions, it was released on 14 April 1994 coinciding with Tamil New Year.

K. S. Ravikumar
K. S. Ravikumar (born 30 May 1958) is an Indian film director, film producer, screenwriter and actor who primarily works in Tamil cinema and few Telugu films. He is one of the most commercially successful directors of Indian cinema. He has won many awards including one Filmfare Award South and five Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.
Lehmer's conjecture
Lehmer's conjecture, also known as the Lehmer's Mahler measure problem, is a problem in number theory raised by Derrick Henry Lehmer.  The conjecture asserts that there is an absolute constant  such that every polynomial with integer coefficients  satisfies one of the following properties:

The Mahler measure  of  is greater than or equal to .

is an integral multiple of a product of cyclotomic polynomials or the monomial , in which case . (Equivalently, every complex root of  is a root of unity or zero.)

There are a number of definitions of the Mahler measure, one of which is to factor  over  as

and then set

The smallest known Mahler measure (greater than 1) is for "Lehmer's polynomial"

for which the Mahler measure is the Salem number

It is widely believed that this example represents the true minimal value: that is,  in Lehmer's conjecture.

Bernoulli scheme
In mathematics, the Bernoulli scheme or Bernoulli shift is a generalization of the Bernoulli process to more than two possible outcomes. Bernoulli schemes appear naturally in symbolic dynamics, and are thus important in the study of dynamical systems. Many important dynamical systems (such as Axiom A systems) exhibit a repellor that is the product of the Cantor set and a smooth manifold, and the dynamics on the Cantor set are isomorphic to that of the Bernoulli shift. This is essentially the Markov partition. The term shift is in reference to the shift operator, which may be used to study Bernoulli schemes.  The Ornstein isomorphism theorem shows that Bernoulli shifts are isomorphic when their entropy is equal.
Ducati 125 Scrambler
The Ducati 125 Scrambler is an on/off-road 124 cc (7.6 cu in) single cylinder bevel drive SOHC motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Ducati in 1971 and 1972. Although Ducati had stopped production of the 'narrow case' singles in 1967, the Scrambler used a narrow case engine made by MotoTrans in Spain. The model was not a sales success with less than 200 sold worldwide and was soon taken out of production.

Single-cylinder engine
A single-cylinder engine, sometimes called a thumper, is a piston engine with one cylinder. This engine is often used for motorcycles, motor scooters, motorized bicycles, go-karts, all-terrain vehicles, radio-controlled vehicles, power tools and garden machinery (such as chainsaws, lawn mowers, cultivators, and string trimmers). Single-cylinder engines are made both as 4-strokes and 2-strokes.
Émile van Ermengem
Émile Pierre-Marie van Ermengem (1851–1932) was a Belgian bacteriologist who, in 1895, isolated Clostridium botulinum, the bacterium that causes botulism, from a piece of ham that had poisoned thirty-four people.

Bacteriologist
A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology— a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learning about bacteria, as well as using their skills in clinical settings. This includes investigating properties of bacteria such as morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry, phylogenetics, genomics and many other areas related to bacteria like disease diagnostic testing. Alongside human and animal healthcare providers, they may carry out various functions as medical scientists, veterinary scientists, pathologists, or diagnostic technicians in locations like clinics, blood banks, hospitals, laboratories and animal hospitals. Bacteriologists working in public health or biomedical research help develop vaccines for public use as well as public health guidelines for restaurants and businesses.
2024 CONCACAF Central American Cup
The 2024 CONCACAF Central American Cup was the second edition of the CONCACAF Central American Cup, the first-tier annual international club football competition in the Central American region. It is contested by clubs whose football associations are affiliated with the Central American Football Union (UNCAF), a sub-confederation of CONCACAF.

The winners of the 2024 CONCACAF Central American Cup qualified directly for the 2025 CONCACAF Champions Cup Round of 16, while the second through sixth-place teams qualified to Round One of the same competition.

CONCACAF Central American Cup
The CONCACAF Central American Cup (Spanish: Copa Centroamericana de CONCACAF) is an international association football competition organized by CONCACAF as its top regional tournament for clubs from Central America. It serves as a qualification method for the CONCACAF Champions Cup.

Alajuelense is the only champion in the tournament's history, winning all three editions played so far.
The White Fence (photograph)
The White Fence, also known as The White Fence, Port Kent, New York, is a black and white photograph taken by American photographer Paul Strand, in 1916. The picture was published in the magazine Camera Work, in June 1917, whose editor was Alfred Stieglitz, where it was highly praised by him, specially for its "abstract qualities". It would be later published as part of Paul Strand: Portfolio Three (1976-1977).

Camera Work
Camera Work was a quarterly photographic journal published by Alfred Stieglitz from 1903 to 1917. Amidst the early 20th-century debates about photography's place in the fine arts, the journal (which utilized photogravures) was used by proponents to justify it.
Goran Bulajić
Goran Bulajić (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Булајић; born 1960) is a politician in Serbia. He was the mayor of Sombor from 1996 to 2000, served two brief terms in the National Assembly of Serbia, and was a member of the Assembly of Serbia and Montenegro from 2004 to 2006. During his time as an elected official, Bulajić was a member of the Democratic Party of Serbia (Demokratska stranka Srbije, DSS).

Sombor
Sombor (Serbian Cyrillic: Сомбор, pronounced [sɔ̂ːmbɔr]; Hungarian: Zombor; Pannonian Rusyn: Зомбор, romanized: Zombor) is a city and the administrative center of the West Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city has a total population of 41,814 (as of 2022), while its administrative area (including neighboring villages) has 70,818 inhabitants.
Tynes
Tynes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Tynes (born 1972), Bahamian sprinter

Buddy Tynes (1902–1984), American football player

Dustin Tynes (born 1996), Bahamian swimmer

Gunnar Örn Tynes (born 1979), Icelandic music producer

John Scott Tynes (born 1971), American writer

Lawrence Tynes (born 1978), Scottish-born American football player

John Scott Tynes
John Scott Tynes (born 1971) is an American writer best known for his work on role-playing games such as Unknown Armies, Delta Green, Puppetland, and for his company, Tynes Cowan Corporation.  Under its imprint, Pagan Publishing, Tynes Cowan Corp. produces third-party books for the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game under license from Chaosium as well as fiction and non-fiction books under its imprint, Armitage House.
Château de Montpipeau
The Château de Montpipeau was a French château located in what is now the commune of Huisseau-sur-Mauves in the département of Loiret. It is not known when it was constructed, but it is first mentioned in the 12th-century. A new design was made for Louis de Rochechouart by the French architect François Le Vau around 1660, but it is not known whether his design was implemented. The château and its land was originally a seigneurie but was elevated to a marquisat in 1766, four years after it was purchased by François Pierre du Cluzel.  The château was mostly destroyed during the French revolution.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Hartshill Park
Hartshill Park is a large nature reserve stretching along the western edge of the city of Stoke-on-Trent, England.  The park is a patchwork of different habitats, including five ponds.  It is notable for being part of a Norman deer hunting park that has survived as open space into the modern era. It is a local nature reserve.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Rehra bazar
Rehra Bazar is a block located in Balrampur district in rural Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the nine blocks of Balrampur district. According to the administration records, the block code of Rehra Bazar is 564. The block has 96 villages and there are total 32,318 houses in this block. Pincode of Rehra baza is 271306.There are 81 gram panchayats and 96 villages in Rehra Bazar kshetra panchayat / block. Hindi and Urdu are spoken by the natives here.

Tulsipur
Tulsipur is a town and tehsil in the Balrampur district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, A very famous sacred place Devi Patan Temple lies in the city, which is a sacred and pilgrimage site for Hindus, many pilgrims across the country and from Nepal log participation during Maha Shivratri and a fair also held during the festival."
Money (financial website)
Money is an American brand and a personal finance website owned by Money Group. From its 1972 founding until 2018, it was a monthly magazine published by Time Inc. and subsequently by Meredith Corporation from 2018 to 2019. Its articles cover the gamut of personal finance topics ranging from credit cards, mortgages, insurance, banking, and investing to family finance issues, including paying for college, credit, career, and home improvement. It also publishes an annual list of "America's Best Places to Live".

Personal finance
Personal finance is the financial management that an individual or a family unit performs to budget, save, and spend monetary resources in a controlled manner, taking into account various financial risks and future life events.

When planning personal finances, the individual would take into account the suitability of various banking products (checking accounts, savings accounts, credit cards, and loans), insurance products (health insurance, disability insurance, life insurance, etc.), and investment products (bonds, stocks, real estate, etc.), as well as participation in monitoring and management of credit scores, income taxes, retirement funds and pensions.
Sheaf of planes
In mathematics, a sheaf of planes is the set of all planes that have the same common line. It may also be known as a fan of planes or a pencil of planes.

When extending the concept of line to the line at infinity, a set of parallel planes can be seen as a sheaf of planes intersecting in a line at infinity. To distinguish it from the more general definition, the adjective parallel can be added to it, resulting in the expression parallel sheaf of planes.

Line at infinity
In geometry and topology, the line at infinity is a projective line that is added to the affine plane in order to give closure to, and remove the exceptional cases from, the incidence properties of the resulting projective plane.  The line at infinity is also called the ideal line.
Utopian studies
Utopian studies is an interdisciplinary field of study that researches utopianism in all its forms, including utopian politics, utopian literature and art, utopian theory, and intentional communities. In his 1516 book Utopia, Sir Thomas More coined the term. Utopian studies can be subdivided into three major areas: study of utopian works, communitarianism and utopian social theory. A study opposite to Utopian studies is Dystopian studies. While Utopias are non-existent societies people dream of, dystopias are essentially non-existent and non-desirable societies that individuals deem worse than their present society. They are also known as negative utopias.

Social theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena. A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity. Social theory in an informal nature, or authorship based outside of academic social and political science, may be referred to as "social criticism" or "social commentary", or "cultural criticism" and may be associated both with formal cultural and literary scholarship, as well as other non-academic or journalistic forms of writing.
Manotick
Manotick (/ˈmænətɪk/ MAN-ə-tik) is a community in Rideau-Jock Ward in the rural south part of the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is a suburb of the city, located on the Rideau River, immediately south of the suburbs Barrhaven and Riverside South, about 25 km (16 mi) from downtown Ottawa. It was founded by Moss Kent Dickinson in 1864. He named the village 'Manotick', after the Algonquin word for 'island'. It has been part of the City of Ottawa since amalgamation in 2001. Prior to that, it was located in Rideau Township. According to the 2021 Canadian Census, Manotick had a population of 5,315.

Doors Open Ottawa
Doors Open Ottawa is an annual event held in the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that gives the public access to many of the city's unique and historically significant buildings. Among the buildings included are government offices, museums, radio stations, places of worship, embassies, and historical landmarks. It is the second-oldest Doors Open event in North America; after Doors Open Toronto.

Admission is free of charge. Doors Open Ottawa has recorded nearly 850,000 visits since it began in 2002.

More than 140 buildings took part in the 2018 event and over 140 buildings were expected to take part in 2019.

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa, Doors Open Ottawa 2020 was cancelled, and the 2021 event was offered virtually. The 2022 event was offered in a hybrid format, with some in-person and some virtual content.
Dayman (surname)
Dayman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clem Dayman (1892–1967), Australian rules footballer

Edward Dayman (1807–1890), English clergyman and hymn writer

Greg Dayman (born 1947), New Zealand field hockey player

Ivan Dayman (1920–1989), Australian record producer and band manager

Les Dayman (1901–1977), Australian rules footballer

Leslie Dayman (1933–2023), Australian actor

Marlene Dayman (born 1949), Australian swimmer

Marlene Dayman
Marlene Dayman (born 14 October 1949) is an Australian former swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre backstroke at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Earlier she had defied an instruction from the Australian Swimming Union not to march in the opening ceremony.

In March 1965 the union banned Dayman for three years and three fellow swimmers, Nan Duncan (three years), Dawn Fraser (ten years) and Linda McGill (four years), from swimming for defying their instruction. This effectively ended her swimming career. Dayman is the daughter of music promoter, talent manager and record label owner, Ivan Dayman.
Le Sommeil
Le Sommeil (translated in English variously as The Sleepers and Sleep) is an erotic oil painting on canvas by French artist Gustave Courbet created in 1866. The painting, which depicts a lesbian couple, is also known as The Two Friends (Les Deux Amies) and Indolence and Lust (Paresse et Luxure).

Les Fleurs du mal
Les Fleurs du mal (French pronunciation: [le flœʁ dy mal]; English: The Flowers of Evil) is a volume of French poetry by Charles Baudelaire.

Les Fleurs du mal includes nearly all of Baudelaire's poetry, written from 1840 until his death in August 1867. First published in 1857, it was important in the symbolist—including painting—and modernist movements. Though it was extremely controversial upon publication, with six of its poems censored due to their immorality, it is now considered a major work of French poetry. The poems in Les Fleurs du mal frequently break with tradition, using suggestive images and unusual forms. They deal with themes relating to decadence and eroticism, particularly focusing on suffering and its relationship to original sin, disgust toward evil and oneself, obsession with death, and aspiration toward an ideal world. Les Fleurs du mal had a powerful influence on several notable French poets, including Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, and Stéphane Mallarmé.
Len Strazewski
Len Strazewski (born February 16, 1955) is an American comic book author who wrote Starman after Roger Stern. He has also worked on The Flash, Justice Society of America, Phantom Lady, The Fly, and many other titles for DC comics. He also worked on a comic version of Speed Racer for NOW Comics. His Street Fighter II comic for Malibu Comics was canceled after three issues by Capcom because of his choice to have Ken Masters murdered in the second issue. Also at Malibu, he wrote Prime, Elven and Prototype. He is a professor of journalism at Columbia College Chicago and a member of the school's Board of Trustees.

NOW Comics
NOW Comics was a comic book publisher founded in late 1985 by Tony C. Caputo as a sole-proprietorship. During the four years after its founding, NOW grew from a one-man operation to operating in 12 countries, and published almost 1,000 comic books.

The company was headquartered in the Chicago Loop in Chicago, Illinois. Most NOW titles were the results of licensing arrangements with such companies as Columbia (Sony) Pictures, Broadway Video, ELP Communications, CBS Entertainment, Inc., Speed Racer Enterprises, and Leisure Concepts, resulting in titles like Vector, Mr. T & The T-Force, Speed Racer, The Original Astro Boy, Alias, Terminator: The Burning Earth, The Real Ghostbusters and Ghostbusters II, Fright Night, Married... with Children, and The Green Hornet.
Killing of Aboubakar Cissé
On 25 April 2025, Aboubakar Cissé, a 22-year-old Muslim man, was stabbed to death in the Khadidja mosque in La Grand-Combe, in Gard, France. The attack, committed with extreme violence (57 stab wounds) and accompanied by Islamophobic remarks, was quickly perceived as a hate crime. The case sparked strong national emotion and rekindled debates on the recognition of Islamophobia in France, the slowness of the authorities' response, and the protection of Muslim places of worship.

Gard
Gard (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in Southern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It had a population of 748,437 as of 2019; its prefecture is Nîmes.

The department is named after the river Gardon. In recent decades of the twenty-first century, local administration and French speakers have returned to the original Occitan name of the river, Gard (Occitan pronunciation: [gaɾ]). It is part of a revival of Occitan culture.
Scarinish
Scarinish (Scottish Gaelic: Sgairinis [ˈs̪kaɾʲɪnɪʃ]) is the main village on the island of Tiree, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. It is located on the south coast of the island, between Hynish Bay to the southwest and Gott Bay to the northeast. The harbour was built in 1771. In 1961 it had a population of 103.

The village has the only bank on the island (a branch of the Royal Bank of Scotland), a Co-op grocery store, a hotel, and a Post Office.

The Tiree ferry terminal is located there, with a ferry service that runs to Oban on the Scottish mainland. A ferry shelter completed in March 2003 won the RIAS Andrew Doolan Best Building in Scotland Award that year.

Post Office Limited
Post Office Limited, formerly Post Office Counters Limited and commonly known as the Post Office, is a state-owned retail post office company in the United Kingdom that provides a wide range of postal and non-postal related products including postage stamps, banking, insurance, bureau de change and identity verification services to the public. It does this through its nationwide network of around 11,500 post office branches, which are run by franchise partners or by independent business people known as subpostmasters, under contracts with the Post Office.

Since 2020, a public enquiry has been under way into the company's actions which led to between 700 and 900 subpostmasters being wrongfully prosecuted for financial crimes, in what has been described by the Criminal Cases Review Commission as "the biggest single series of wrongful convictions in British legal history".
Gadsden High School (New Mexico)
Gadsden High School (GHS), originally named Valley High School, is a public high school in unincorporated Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States, with an Anthony, New Mexico, postal address. Gadsden High School is administered by Gadsden Independent School District.

Gadsden High School serves the surrounding towns of Mesquite, Vado, Berino, La Mesa, San Miguel, Chamberino, La Union, and Anthony.

Vado, New Mexico
Vado is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 3,194 at the 2010 census. The ZIP code for Vado is 88072, its area code is 575, and it is part of the Las Cruces Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Björkudden
Björkudden (Finnish: Koivuniemi) is a manor house in Östersundom, Helsinki, Finland, designed by the architect Wilhelm Linsén and built in the mid-19th century. Koivuniemi was the home of the Finnish writer and historian Zacharias Topelius. After his death it returned to the previous owners and is to the present owned by the Lilius family.

Well known guests of Koivuniemi include the poet Carl Snoilsky, writer Karl August Tavaststjerna and the social activist Alexandra Gripenberg.

Carl Snoilsky
Count Carl Johan Gustaf Snoilsky (8 September 1841 – 19 May 1903) was a Swedish diplomat and lyricist of probable Slovene descent. He was the most prominent early realist and was a member of the Swedish Academy. His life and work was a major influence on the playwright Henrik Ibsen, in particular Ibsen's play Rosmersholm.
Counter (typography)
In typography, a counter is the area of a letter that is entirely or partially enclosed by a letter form or a symbol (the counter-space/the hole of). The stroke that creates such a space is known as a "bowl". Latin letters containing closed counters include A, B, D, O, P, Q, R, a, b, d, e, g, o, p, and q. Latin letters containing open counters include c, f, h, s etc. The digits 0, 4, 6, 8, and 9 also have counters. An aperture is the opening between an open counter and the outside of the letter.

D
D, or d, is the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is dee (pronounced /ˈdiː/ ⓘ), plural dees.