hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi (born Ahmad Shah Awan; 20 November 1916 – 10 July 2006) was a Pakistani Urdu language poet, journalist, literary critic, dramatist and short story author.

He wrote 50 books on poetry, fiction, criticism, journalism and art. He was a major figure in contemporary Urdu literature. His poetry was distinguished by its humanism, and his Urdu afsana (short story) work is considered by some second only to Munshi Premchand in its depiction of rural culture. He was also the editor and publisher of the literary magazine Funoon for almost half a century. He received awards such as the Pride of Performance in 1968 and Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 1980 for his literary work.

Gulzar, one of the most influential writers in modern India, called him his mentor and guru.

Urdu literature
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language. While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including the short story, or afsana (افسانہ). Urdu literature is popular mostly in Pakistan, where Urdu is the national language, and in India, where it is an Eighth Schedule language.
Cedar Green, Virginia
Cedar Green is an unincorporated community in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. Cedar Green is located along Virginia State Route 254, 3.1 miles (5.0 km) west of Staunton. The Augusta County Training School, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located near Cedar Green.

Staunton, Virginia
Staunton (/ˈstæntən/ STAN-tən) is an independent city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,750. In Virginia, independent cities are separate jurisdictions from the counties that surround them, so the government offices of Augusta County are in Verona, which is contiguous to Staunton. Staunton is a principal city of the Staunton-Stuarts Draft Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2020 population of 125,433. Staunton is known for being the birthplace of Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. president, and as the home of Mary Baldwin University, historically a women's college. The city is also home to Stuart Hall, a private co-ed preparatory school, as well as the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind. It was the first city in the United States with a fully defined city manager system.
Omid 16B
Omid Nourizadeh (Persian: امید نوری‌زاده), better known as Omid 16B or 16B, is a British-Iranian electronic music producer/composer and DJ based in London. He is considered one of the creators of the tech house genre.

DJ Mag
DJ Magazine (also known as DJ Mag) is a British monthly magazine dedicated to electronic dance music and DJs. Founded in 1991, the magazine is adapted for distribution in the United Kingdom, the United States, Spain, France, Italy, Latin America, China, South Korea, Brunei, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Germany, Canada, Russia, Belarus, and the Netherlands.
Taifa of Santa Maria do Algarve
The Taifa of Santa Maria do Algarve (Arabic: شنتمرية الغرب, romanized: Shantamariyya al-Gharb) was a medieval Islamic taifa Moorish kingdom or emirate located in what is now southern Portugal, that existed from 1018 to 1051. From 1051 until 1091, it was under the forcible control of Seville via Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Known as the Banu Harun, their descendants remained as Qadis of the city until its reconquest by Portugal in 1249, the last of whom being Aloandro Ben Bekar.

Qadi
A qadi (/ˈkɑːdi/; Arabic: قاضي, romanized: qāḍī) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.
Sect
A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, typically emerging as an offshoot of a larger organization. Originally, the term referred specifically to religious groups that had separated from a main body, but it can now apply to any group that diverges from a larger organization to follow a distinct set of beliefs and practices. Sects often form when there is a perception of heresy either within the subgroup or from the larger group.

In an Indian context, sect refers to an organized tradition.

Musta'li Ismailism
Musta'li Isma'ilism (Arabic: المستعلية, romanized: al-Mustaʿliyya) is a branch of Isma'ilism named for their acceptance of al-Musta'li as the legitimate ninth Fatimid caliph and legitimate successor to his father, al-Mustansir Billah (r. 1036–1094/1095). The Nizari the other living branch of Ismailism, led by Aga Khan V believe the ninth caliph was al-Musta'li's elder brother, Nizar.

The Musta'li originated in Fatimid-ruled Egypt, later moved its religious center to Yemen, and gained a foothold in 11th-century Western India through missionaries.
Kałdowo, Kwidzyn County
Kałdowo [kau̯ˈdɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prabuty, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kwidzyn County
Kwidzyn County (Polish: powiat kwidzyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kwidzyn, which lies 73 kilometres (45 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Prabuty, lying 18 km (11 mi) east of Kwidzyn.

The county covers an area of 834.64 square kilometres (322.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 83,231, out of which the population of Kwidzyn is 38,444, that of Prabuty is 8,695, and the rural population is 36,092.

Kwidzyn County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kwidzyn County is bordered by Tczew County to the west, Sztum County to the north, Iława County to the east, Grudziądz County to the south and Świecie County to the south-west.
Indian National Congress campaign for the 2024 Indian general election
The Indian National Congress is known as the Grand Old Party of India. The party had ruled India for most of its post independence period for nearly 54 years. The party led coalition United Progressive Alliance is in opposition bench in 16th Lok Sabha and 17th Lok Sabha against the National Democratic Alliance. The party contestested the elections unsuccessfully with the promise of upholding Nyay (justice), secularism, federalism, pluralism, democracy and constitutionalism.

Pluralism (political theory)
Pluralism is the political theory that politics and decision-making are located mostly in the framework of government but that many non-governmental groups use their resources to exert influence.

Under classical pluralist theory, groups of individuals try to maximize their interests through continuous bargaining processes and conflict. Because of the consequent distribution of resources throughout a population, inequalities may be reduced. At the same time, radical political change will be met with resistance due to the existence of competing interest groups, which collectively form the basis of a democratic equilibrium.

Theorists of pluralism include Robert A. Dahl, David Truman, and Seymour Martin Lipset.
Elvis Has Left the Building
Elvis Has Left the Building is a 2004 black comedy film directed by Joel Zwick and starring Kim Basinger as a cosmetics saleswoman who accidentally kills a series of Elvis impersonators as she travels to a convention in Las Vegas. John Corbett plays an advertising executive and her love interest. Tom Hanks has a cameo appearance as one of the dead Elvis impersonators. Angie Dickinson plays Basinger's mother, a former mechanic for the real Elvis.

2004 in film
2004 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country-specific lists of films released, notable deaths and film debuts. Shrek 2 was the year's top-grossing film, and Million Dollar Baby won the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Sergei Yakovenko
Sergei Yakovenko (born 24 March 1976 in Karaganda) is a Kazakhstani professional ice hockey player currently playing for Arystan Temirtau in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship league. He previously played for Sary Arka Karaganda and was a member of the Kazakhstan men's national ice hockey team at the 2012 IIHF World Championship.

2012 IIHF World Championship
The 2012 IIHF World Championship was the 76th IIHF World Championship, an annual international ice hockey tournament. It took place between 4–20 May 2012 in Helsinki, Finland and Stockholm, Sweden. This tournament determined the countries' seeding for the men's Olympic Ice Hockey tournament in Sochi for the 2014 Winter Olympics, and for all countries participating in the qualification program leading up to the Olympics.

Russia won the tournament by defeating Slovakia 6–2 in the Final game; the Russians finished the tournament undefeated with a record of 10–0–0, becoming the first team to win every game in regulation since the Soviet Union in the 1989 World Championships. The Czech Republic captured the bronze medal by defeating co-host Finland 3–2 in the bronze medal game. The tournament's top scorer, Russia's Evgeni Malkin, was named the most valuable player of the tournament.
2014 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota
The 2014 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota was held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the U.S. representative from North Dakota's at-large congressional district for the 114th United States Congress. The election coincided with all other states' House of Representatives elections. Incumbent Republican representative Kevin Cramer, who had served in the seat since 2013, won re-election to a second two-year term in office, becoming the first Republican U.S. Representative to be re-elected in North Dakota since 1978.

North Dakota's at-large congressional district
North Dakota's at-large congressional district is the sole congressional district for the state of North Dakota. Based on size, it is the eighth largest congressional district in the nation.

The district was represented by Kelly Armstrong who served in Congress until December 2024 when he resigned to take office as Governor of North Dakota. The district is currently represented by Republican Julie Fedorchak.
Bombay Coast and River Steam Navigation Company
Bombay Coast and River Steam Navigation Company was set up in Mumbai, India to handle the sea traffic between Bombay and other ports. In 1866, The British Government arranged for the company to head maintenance of steam ferries between Bombay and Mandva, Karanja, Revas, Dharamtar, Uran, and Ulva.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
Steven Hill (author)
Steven John Hill (born 6 June 1958) is an American writer, columnist and political reformer. He has authored several books on American politics and political reform, as well as a book on the European political economy (Europe's Promise: Why the European Way is the Best Hope in an Insecure Age).  Hill led the campaign to pass instant runoff voting in San Francisco in 2002, which was the first victory for electoral system reform in the United States since the 1950s, and was a leader in other campaigns for instant runoff voting and public financing of campaigns.  He is a cofounder of FairVote and former director of the political reform program at the New America Foundation.

Beacon Press
Beacon Press is an American left-wing non-profit book publisher. Founded in 1854 by the American Unitarian Association, it is currently a department of the Unitarian Universalist Association. It is known for publishing authors such as James Baldwin, Mary Oliver, Martin Luther King Jr., and Viktor Frankl, as well as The Pentagon Papers.
Eladio Torres
Eladio Torres, (born July 25, 1950) is a Puerto Rican poet, musician, composer and singer. He is the author of "Tú Vives en mi Pensamiento" ("You Live in my Thoughts") a Puerto Rican Danza. Versions have been performed and recorded by Marco Antonio Muñíz, Danny Rivera, Ruth Fernández, Cheo Feliciano and Orquesta Filarmónica de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Philharmonic Orchestra). Torres is a composer of popular musical genres.

Music of Puerto Rico
The music of Puerto Rico has evolved as a heterogeneous and dynamic product of diverse cultural resources. The most conspicuous musical sources of Puerto Rico have primarily included African, Taino Indigenous, and European influences. Puerto Rican music culture today comprises a wide and rich variety of genres, ranging from essentially native genres such as bomba, jíbaro, seis, danza, and plena to more recent hybrid genres such as salsa, Latin trap and reggaeton. Broadly conceived, the realm of "Puerto Rican music" should naturally comprise the music culture of the millions of people of Puerto Rican descent who have lived in the United States, especially in New York City. Their music, from salsa to the boleros of Rafael Hernández, cannot be separated from the music culture of Puerto Rico itself.
Blowing snow advisory
A blowing snow advisory was issued by the National Weather Service of the United States when wind driven snow reduces surface visibility and possibly hampers traveling. Blowing snow may be falling snow, or snow that has already accumulated but is picked up and blown by strong winds. This advisory was discontinued beginning with the 2008–09 winter storm season, replaced by the winter weather advisory for snow and blowing snow. However, if the storm is judged to be dangerous by local forecasters, a winter storm warning for heavy snow and blowing snow may be issued.

A similar bulletin is issued by Environment Canada's Meteorological Service of Canada but as a warning.

Meteorological Service of Canada
The Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC; French: Service météorologique du Canada – SMC) is a branch of Environment and Climate Change Canada, which primarily provides public meteorological information and weather forecasts and warnings of severe weather and other environmental hazards.  MSC also monitors and conducts research on the climate, atmospheric science, air quality, water quantities, ice and other environmental issues. MSC operates a network of radio stations throughout Canada transmitting weather and environmental information 24 hours a day called Weatheradio Canada.
American Indian Public High School
American Indian Public High School (AIPHS) is a charter school in Oakland, California (USA) and is part of the American Indian Model Schools charter school system. In 2011, the school ranked fourth in California in the Academic Performance Index (API). American Indian Public High School ranked first on a list in The Washington Post of the most challenging high schools in the United States. Approximately 77 percent of the school's students are from low-income households. It was ranked the 9th best charter school in the U.S. and the 38th best public high school in the U.S. by U.S. News & World Report in 2013. In 2024, U.S. News & World Report ranked AIPHS 1,482nd best high school and 207th best charter school in the U.S.

Academic Performance Index (California public schools)
The Academic Performance Index (API) was a measurement of academic performance and progress of individual schools in California, United States. The API was one of the main components of the Public Schools Accountability Act passed by the California State Legislature in 1999. It was last updated for the 2012–2013 school year, and on March 15, 2017, the California State Board of Education and the California Department of Education launched a new accountability system to replace the Academic Performance Index to better measure California's education goals. The replacement reporting interface is the California School Dashboard.
Thomas F. Cooley
Thomas Ferguson Cooley (January 3, 1943 – October 10, 2021) was the Paganelli-Bull Professor of Economics at the New York University Stern School of Business. He served as Dean of the Stern School from 2002 to January 2010.  He was also a professor of economics in the NYU Faculty of Arts and Science. Cooley was a widely published scholar in the areas of macroeconomic theory, monetary theory and policy, and the financial behavior of firms.

He has authored more than 100 scholarly articles on economics and statistics and frequently wrote opinion pieces for a variety of economic and business publications.

New York University Stern School of Business
The New York University Stern School of Business (NYU Stern or Stern) is the business school of New York University, a private research university based in New York City. Founded as the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance in 1900, the school received its current name in 1988.

Stern is a founding member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Established as the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance, the school changed its name in 1988 in honor of Leonard N. Stern, an alumnus and benefactor of the school. The school offers Bachelor of Science in Business at the undergraduate level and Master of Business Administration degrees at the postgraduate level. The school is located on Gould Plaza next to the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the economics department of the College of Arts and Sciences.
Leirner
Leirner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Felícia Leirner (1904–1996), Polish-born Brazilian sculptor

Giselda Leirner (born 1928), Brazilian writer, illustrator, and artist

Jac Leirner (born 1961), Brazilian artist

Nelson Leirner (1932–2020), Brazilian artist

Felícia Leirner
Felícia Leirner (1904–1996) was a Polish-born Brazilian sculptor. She was born in Warsaw and arrived in Brazil in 1927. At the age of 44, she began studying sculpture with the photographer Victor Brecheret . Her early work belonged to the figurative phase (1950–58). She initially created isolated figures. In 1953 and 1955, she participated in the São Paulo Art Biennial. In 1955, she received an award from the Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro. Her sculptures were incorporated into the collections of the São Paulo Museum of Art and the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. She died in Campos do Jordão, São Paulo in 1996.
The Starbuck Chronicles
The Starbuck Chronicles are a series of historical fiction novels by British author Bernard Cornwell set during the American Civil War. They follow the exploits of Boston-born Confederate officer Nathaniel Starbuck.

Four novels have been written, and the series is still unfinished due to Cornwell's commitment to other projects. However, he has stated on many occasions that he wishes to return to the character's story, though recently he said he doubted that he would. The series presently includes the following novels:

Rebel (1993)

Copperhead (1994)

Battle Flag (1995)

The Bloody Ground (1996)

Battle of Cedar Mountain
38°24′05″N 78°03′57″W﻿ / ﻿38.4014°N 78.0658°W﻿ / 38.4014; -78.0658

The Battle of Cedar Mountain, also known as Slaughter's Mountain or Cedar Run, took place on August 9, 1862, in Culpeper County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. Union forces under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks attacked Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson near Cedar Mountain as the Confederates marched on Culpeper Court House to forestall a Union advance into central Virginia. After nearly being driven from the field in the early part of the battle, a Confederate counterattack broke the Union lines resulting in a Confederate victory. The battle was the first combat of the Northern Virginia campaign.
Sant'Andrea degli Scozzesi
Sant' Andrea degli Scozzesi (English: St Andrew of the Scots) is a 17th century former Catholic church in Rome, near Piazza Barberini on Via delle Quattro Fontane. Once a haven for Scottish Catholics in Rome and chapel of the Pontifical Scots College, it was deconsecrated in 2004 and still stands.

Piazza Barberini
Piazza Barberini is a large piazza in the centro storico or city center of Rome, Italy and situated on the Quirinal Hill. It was created in the 16th century but many of the surrounding buildings have subsequently been rebuilt.
Albert Hofstede
Albert "Al" J. Hofstede (September 25, 1940 – September 3, 2016) was an American politician who served two non-consecutive terms as mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota, both times representing the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
Upstairs and Down
Upstairs and Down is a 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Charles Giblyn, and starring Olive Thomas, Rosemary Theby, David Butler, and Robert Ellis. It is based on the 1916 play of the same name by Frederick and Fanny Hatton. Upstairs and Down is now presumed lost.

Charles Giblyn
Charles Giblyn (September 6, 1871 – March 14, 1934) was an American film director and actor of the silent era. He directed nearly 100 films between 1912 and 1927. He also appeared in 23 films between 1914 and 1934. He was one of the founders of the Motion Picture Directors Association.

Beginning in 1914, Giblyn worked with the Universal Motion Picture Manufacturing Company. Giblyn was the screenwriter for Scandal (1917). He founded Albion Productions, a film production company, in 1922.

On Broadway, Giblyn acted in The Song of the Sword (1899), Wheels Within Wheels (1899), and The Ambassador (1900).

Giblyn was born in Watertown, New York, and died in Los Angeles, California.