hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Optical mouse
An optical mouse is a computer mouse which uses a light source, typically a light-emitting diode (LED), and a light detector, such as an array of photodiodes, to detect movement relative to a surface. Variations of the optical mouse have largely replaced the older mechanical mouse design, which uses moving parts to sense motion.

The earliest optical mice detected movement on pre-printed mousepad surfaces.  Modern optical mice work on most opaque diffusely reflective surfaces like paper, but most of them do not work properly on specularly reflective surfaces like polished stone or transparent surfaces like glass. Optical mice that use dark field illumination can function reliably even on such surfaces.

Specular reflection
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.

The law of reflection states that a reflected ray of light emerges from the reflecting surface at the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray, but on the opposing side of the surface normal. The incident and reflected rays lie in a plane known as the plane of incidence. The angles of the two rays to the normal are known as the angle of incidence and angle of reflection.

The earliest known description of this behavior was recorded by Hero of Alexandria (AD c. 10–70). Later, Alhazen gave a complete statement of the law of reflection. He was first to state that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface all lie in a same plane perpendicular to reflecting plane.

Specular reflection may be contrasted with diffuse reflection, in which light is scattered away from the surface in a range of directions.
Bao Quach
Bao Quach (born September 4, 1979) is an American featherweight professional mixed martial artist who has fought for Bellator, Affliction, M-1 Global, EliteXC, Strikeforce, World Extreme Cagefighting, King of the Cage, and Shooto promotions.

World Extreme Cagefighting
World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion founded in 2001. It was purchased by Zuffa, LLC, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), in 2006.  In its final incarnation, it was made up of 3 weight classes: 135 lb (61 kg), 145 lb (66 kg) and 155 lb (70 kg). To accommodate the smaller fighters, WEC's cage was 25 feet (7.6 m) in diameter—5 feet (1.5 m) smaller than the standard UFC cage.  The smaller cage is now used by UFC for selected events.
Tahir Shamsi
Dr. Tahir Sultan Shamsi (Urdu: ڈاکٹر طاہر سلطان شمسی; 18 February 1962 – 21 December 2021) was a Pakistani professor of medicine, researcher and pioneer of Bone marrow transplant in Pakistan worked, as a clinical hematologist and bone marrow transplant physician. He established the National Institute for Blood Diseases (NIBD).  He was the director of the Stem Cell Programme at NIBD as well.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Thermal stress
In mechanics and thermodynamics, thermal stress is mechanical stress created by any change in temperature of a material. These stresses can lead to fracturing or plastic deformation depending on the other variables of heating, which include material types and constraints. Temperature gradients, thermal expansion or contraction and thermal shocks are things that can lead to thermal stress. This type of stress is highly dependent on the thermal expansion coefficient which varies from material to material. In general, the greater the temperature change, the higher the level of stress that can occur. Thermal shock can result from a rapid change in temperature, resulting in cracking or shattering.

Temperature gradient
A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The temperature spatial gradient is a vector quantity with dimension of temperature difference per unit length. The SI unit is kelvin per meter (K/m).

Temperature gradients in the atmosphere are important in the atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields).
Luxembourg at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Luxembourg competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016. Tom Habscheid earned the best result for the country with a 7th place in men's shot put F42.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletics events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics were held in the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 8 to 18 September 2016. 177 events were held across both genders where 1,100 athletes competed. The athletics programme was the largest element of the Games programme in terms of entrants and medals awarded.
Autograph Records
Autograph Records was an American record label in the 1920s owned by Marsh Laboratories of Chicago, Illinois, which was owned by Orlando R. Marsh, an electrical engineer.

Marsh made recordings by his own experimental methods. Autograph was the first U.S. record label to release recordings made electrically with microphones, as opposed to the acoustical or mechanical method that was more commonly used. According to author Brian Rust, Marsh's first electrical records were made in 1924.

Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/maɪk/), or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in telecommunication, sound recording, broadcasting, and consumer electronics, including telephones, hearing aids, and mobile devices.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.
Mari-Liis Lill
Mari-Liis Lill (born 23 May 1983 in Tallinn, Estonian SSR, Soviet Union) is an Estonian actress.

Lill graduated from the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre in 2006. From 2006 until 2015, she was engaged at the Estonian Drama Theatre.

Besides stage roles he has also participated on several films.

In 2021 she was awarded with Order of the White Star, V class.

Lill is in a relationship with actor and musician Ivo Uukkivi. The couple have a son, born in 2011.

Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre
The Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre (Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia) began as a mixed choir of the Estonia Society Musical Department (EMD) on the eve of World War I. The assembly of the Estonia Society created the Tallinn Higher Music School on November 17, 1918. The opening ceremony took place on September 28, 1919. In 1923 the educational institution was renamed the Tallinn Conservatoire.  In 1938 the State Drama School was opened. In 1993 the school was renamed the Estonian Academy of Music. In 1995 the Drama Faculty was renamed the Higher Theatre School.

Some prominent graduates of the Estonian Academy of Music include singers Aile Asszonyi, Heli Lääts, and Ain Anger, conductors Roman Matsov, Tõnu Kaljuste, Olari Elts, Eri Klas, and Kristiina Poska, composers Arvo Pärt, Lepo Sumera, Erkki-Sven Tüür and Ardo Ran Varres, director Andres Puustusmaa, and actors Tõnu Aav, Heino Mandri, Elmo Nüganen, Ain Lutsepp, Margus Oopkaup, Jan Uuspõld, Tõnu Tepandi and Taavi Eelmaa.
Aryan Brigade
The Aryan Brigade is a group of supervillains in DC Comics. They were also known as the Purifiers of the Aryan Nation. The first version of the Aryan Brigade first appeared in Justice League Task Force #10 (March 1994) and were created by Michael Jan Friedman.

Michael Jan Friedman
Michael Jan Friedman (born March 7, 1955) is a New York City born American author of nearly 60 books of fiction and nonfiction, more than half of which are in licensed tie-in products of the Star Trek franchise. Ten of his titles have appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list. Friedman has also written for network and cable television, radio, more than 150 comic books, most of them for DC Comics.
Religion in Metro Detroit
Metro Detroit includes Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, and other groups.

According to a 2014 study, 67% of the population of Detroit identified themselves as Christians, with 49% professing attendance at Protestant churches, and 16% professing Roman Catholic beliefs, while 24% claim no religious affiliation. Other religions collectively make up about 8% of the population.

Archdiocese of Detroit
The Archdiocese of Detroit (Latin: Archidiœcesis Detroitensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the south-east portion of Michigan in the United States. It is the metropolitan archdiocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Detroit, which includes all the dioceses in the state of Michigan. It was erected in 1833 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1937. The Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament is the mother church. The Basilica of Sainte Anne de Détroit is the second oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States, dating to 1701.
Habenaria thomana
Habenaria thomana is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (on the island of Bioko), and São Tomé Island. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

São Tomé (island)
São Tomé, at 854 km2 (330 sq mi), is the largest island of São Tomé and Príncipe and is home in May 2018 to about 193,380 or 96% of the nation's population. The island is divided into six districts. It is located 2 km (1¼ miles) north of the equator.
Architectural photographers
Early architectural photographers include Roger Fenton, Francis Frith (Middle East and Britain), Samuel Bourne, Inclined Studio (India) and Albert Levy (United States and Europe). They led to the modern speciality of architectural photography. Later architectural photography had practitioners such as Ezra Stoller and Julius Shulman. Stoller worked mainly on the east coast of America, having graduated with a degree in architecture in the 1930s. Shulman, who was based on the West Coast, became an architectural photographer after some images that he had taken of one of Richard Neutra's houses in California made their way onto the architect's desk.

Samuel Bourne
Samuel Bourne (30 October 1834 – 24 April 1912) was a British photographer known for his prolific seven years' work in India, from 1863 to 1870. Together with Charles Shepherd, he set up Bourne & Shepherd first in Shimla in 1863 and later in Kolkata (Calcutta); the company closed in June 2016.
It's a Cheating Situation (album)
It's a Cheating Situation is the 11th album by country singer Moe Bandy. It was released in 1979 on the Columbia label recorded at the Jack Clement Recording Studio "B" (Engineer Billy Sherrill) and CBS Recording Studios Nashville, Tennessee (Engineer Ron Reynolds).

Moe Bandy
Marion Franklin "Moe" Bandy Jr. (born February 12, 1944) is an American country music singer. He was most popular during the 1970s, when he had several hit songs, both alone and as part of a duo with Joe Stampley.
$10
There are many $10 banknotes, bills or coins, including:

Australian ten-dollar note

Canadian ten-dollar note

Nicaraguan ten-cordoba note

New Zealand ten-dollar note

United States ten-dollar bill

Hong Kong ten-dollar note

Hong Kong ten-dollar coin

One of the Namibian dollars

One of the banknotes of Zimbabwe

Other currencies that issue $10 banknotes, bills or coins are:

Namibian dollar
The Namibia dollar (symbol: $ or N$; code: NAD) has been the currency of Namibia since 1993. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign ($), or alternatively N$ to distinguish it from other currencies called “dollar.” It is divided into 100 cents.
Laryngology
Laryngology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the larynx, colloquially known as the voice box. Laryngologists treat disorders of the larynx, including diseases that affects the voice, swallowing, or upper airway. Common conditions addressed by laryngologists include vocal fold nodules and cysts, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papillomas, and voice misuse/abuse/overuse syndromes. Dysphonia/hoarseness; laryngitis (including Reinke's edema, Vocal cord nodules and polyps); *Spasmodic dysphonia; dysphagia; Tracheostomy; Cancer of the larynx; and vocology (the science and practice of voice habilitation) are included in laryngology.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngeus, and dysphagia.  LPR may play a role in other diseases, such as sinusitis, otitis media, and rhinitis, and can be a comorbidity of asthma.  While LPR  is commonly used interchangeably with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), it presents with a different pathophysiology.

LPR reportedly affects approximately 10% of the U.S. population. However, LPR occurs in as many as 50% of individuals with voice disorders.
Selkirk and Peebles (Commonwealth Parliament constituency)
During the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, called the Protectorate, the Scottish sheriffdoms of Selkirk and Peebles were jointly represented by one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons at Westminster from 1654 until 1659. This electoral union was established under the Ordinance for uniting Scotland into one Commonwealth with England (1654), which reduced Scotland's parliamentary representation to just 30 members.

Sheriffdom
A sheriffdom is a judicial district in Scotland, led by a sheriff principal. Since 1 January 1975, there have been six sheriffdoms. Each sheriffdom is divided into a series of sheriff court districts, and each sheriff court is presided over by a resident or floating sheriff (a legally qualified judge). Sheriffs principal and resident or floating sheriffs are all members of the judiciary of Scotland.
Ertil (inhabited locality)
Ertil (Russian: Эртиль) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Ertil, Voronezh Oblast, a town in Ertilsky District, Voronezh Oblast

Rural localities

Ertil, Tambov Oblast, a village in Troitskoroslyaysky Selsoviet of Tokaryovsky District of Tambov Oblast

Ertilsky District
Ertilsky District  (Russian: Эрти́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,457.81 square kilometers (562.86 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ertil. Population: 20,865 (2021 Census); 25,728 (2010 Census); 31,499 (2002 Census); 36,054 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ertil accounts for 48.0% of the district's total population.
Sergio Angulo
Sergio "Checho" Angulo (born 14 September 1960) is a Colombian football manager and former player, who played as a striker for the Colombia national football team and for Deportivo Cali. He has also played for Cúcuta Deportivo, Independiente Santa Fe, América de Cali, Deportivo Pereira, Deportivo Independiente Popayán, Deportivo Pasto, and Deportivo Unicosta. He is currently the manager of Deportivo Cali's women's team.

Deportivo Pasto
Club Profesional Deportivo Pasto S.A., best known as Deportivo Pasto, is a Colombian professional football team based in the city of Pasto, that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A. They play their home games at the Estadio Departamental Libertad. Deportivo Pasto is both the southernmost and westernmost based team in the Colombian league.

Founded in 1949, Pasto has won the league title once in the 2006 Apertura and finished as runner-up three times: in the 2002 Finalizacion, 2012 Apertura, and 2019 Apertura. The club has also finished runners-up twice in the Copa Colombia: in 2009 and 2012.
Conway County Courthouse
The Conway County Courthouse is located at 117 S. Moose Street in downtown Morrilton, Arkansas, the county seat of Conway County.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story masonry building, built out of red brick with trim of white concrete and white terra cotta.  Dominating the main facade are five slightly recessed bays, articulated by four two-story engaged round columns, and flanked by square pilasters.  The outer bays of the facade are each flanked by brick pilasters with cast terra cotta bases and capitals.  The courthouse was built in 1929 to a design by Arkansas architect Frank W. Gibb.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Conway County, Arkansas
Conway County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Created as Arkansas's 11th county on October 20, 1825, Conway County has four incorporated municipalities, including Morrilton, the county seat and most populous city. The county is also the site of numerous unincorporated communities and ghost towns. The county was formed from a portion of Pulaski County and is named for Henry Wharton Conway, a politician from a powerful political family who served as the delegate from the Arkansas Territory to the U.S. Congress from 1823 to 1827.

In 2010, the center of population of Arkansas was located in Conway County, near the city of Plumerville. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,715.
El Poder de Tu Amor
"El Poder de Tu Amor" ("The Power of Your Love") is a song by Venezuelan singer Ricardo Montaner from his studio album, Con la London Metropolitan Orchestra (1999). It was written by Bebu Silvetti and is the only original composition for the album. With this song, Montaner achieved his second #1 on the Latin Pop Airplay. A mariachi version of the recorded was also recorded and later included in the Argentine reissue of the album. Ricardo Corres of the Tampa Tribune positively stated that it had "all the requisites of a hit". It was released as the single from the album 30 July 1999. Its music video was filmed at the San Carlos de Borromeo Fortress in Venezuela. It was recognized as one of the best-performing songs of the year at the ASCAP Latin Awards under the pop/ballad category in 2000.  The song was covered by cumbia musical group Perla Colombiana and peaked at #3 on the Mexican tropical charts.

The Tampa Tribune
The Tampa Tribune was a daily newspaper published in Tampa, Florida. Along with the competing Tampa Bay Times, the Tampa Tribune was one of two major newspapers published in the Tampa Bay area.

The newspaper also published a St. Petersburg Tribune edition, sold and distributed in Pinellas County. It published a Sunday magazine, Florida Accent, during the 1960s and 1970s. The Tampa Tribune also operated Highlands Today, a daily newspaper in Sebring. The Tribune stopped publishing the Hernando Today, which was located in Brooksville, on December 1, 2014, citing "a tough newspaper advertising climate."

On May 3, 2016, the Tampa Bay Times announced that it had acquired the Tribune, and was combining the Times and Tribune's operations, ending publication of the Tribune.
Zhou Lin (politician)
Zhou Lin (Chinese: 周林) (1912–1997) was a Chinese politician. He was born in Renhuai, Guizhou Province. He was Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary and governor of his home province between 1954 and 1964. He was a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress. Persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, Zhou was politically rehabilitated in 1975 and became president of Nanjing University, then party chief Peking University, and a member of the Central Advisory Commission. He died in 1997.

Central Advisory Commission
The Central Advisory Commission (CAC) was a body of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that existed during the era of the paramount leadership of Deng Xiaoping. The body was supposed to provide "political assistance and consultation" to the CCP Central Committee; however, as the CAC was a select group of senior CCP leadership, it was often seen as having more authority unofficially than that body.
Just a Little More Love (song)
"Just a Little More Love" is the debut single released by French DJ David Guetta, featuring vocals from  American singer Chris Willis. It appears on his debut album, of the same name, and was released as the lead single from that album. The song was recorded in only thirty minutes. There are two versions of the song on the Just a Little More Love album, the original edit, subtitled the elektro edit, and the remix version, the Wally López remix, which is also featured on MoS: Clubbers Guide 2004 and the soundtrack to The Football Factory. The music video for the track was directed by Jean-Charles Carré, and features an appearance by David Guetta, although Chris Willis does not feature.

The Football Factory (film)
The Football Factory is a 2004 sports drama film written by AJ Lovell and directed by Nick Love and starring Danny Dyer, Tamer Hassan, Frank Harper, Roland Manookian, Neil Maskell and Dudley Sutton. The film is loosely based on the novel of the same name by John King and the first foray into filmmaking by video game producers Rockstar Games (publishers of games such as the Grand Theft Auto series, among others), credited as executive producers. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 14 May 2004.
Ruben Baumgarten
Ruben Baumgarten (born 7 May, 1969) is a Dutch politician of the JA21 party and doctor who has been a Member of the Senate since 2023.

Baumgarten studied medicine at the Erasmus University Rotterdam before completing a PhD at Radboud University. He then worked as a general director for a diagnostics centre. In June 2023, he was elected as a member of the Senate for the JA21 party.

Erasmus University Rotterdam
Erasmus University Rotterdam (Dutch: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam [eːˈrɑsmʏs ynivɛrsiˈtɛit rɔtərˈdɑm]; abbreviated as EUR) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century Christian humanist and theologian.

Erasmus MC, the teaching hospital and medical school of Erasmus University, is one of the largest medical institutions in Western Europe and the foremost medical and trauma centers in the Netherlands.