hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franklin J. Sawtelle
Franklin J. Sawtelle FAIA (October 9, 1846 – March 9, 1911) was an American architect in practice in Providence, Rhode Island from 1880 until his death in 1911. Sawtelle had a varied practice but was best known for the design of single-family homes.

Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Pawtucket (/pəˈtʌkɪt/ ⓘ pə-TUK-it) is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 75,604 at the 2020 census, making the city the fourth-largest in the state. Pawtucket borders Providence and East Providence to the south, Central Falls and Lincoln to the north, and North Providence to the west. The city also borders the Massachusetts municipalities of Seekonk and Attleboro.

Pawtucket was an early and important center of textile manufacturing. It is home to Slater Mill, a historic textile mill recognized for helping to found the Industrial Revolution in the United States.
Khujirt Airport
Khujirt Airport (IATA: HJT, ICAO: ZMHU) is an airport in Mongolia. The airport is located in Khujirt, capital of the province of Övörkhangai. It has a grass runway 09/27 2,200 m × 60 m (7,218 ft × 197 ft).

Mil Mi-8
The Mil Mi-8 (Russian: Ми-8, NATO reporting name: Hip) is a family of medium twin-turbine helicopters, originally designed by the Soviet Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) in the 1960s and introduced into the Soviet Air Force in 1968. Russian production of the aircraft model still continues as of 2024. In addition to its most common role as a transport helicopter, the Mi-8 is also used as an airborne command post, armed gunship, and reconnaissance platform.

The Mi-8 is the world's most-produced helicopter, with over 17,000 units used by over 50 countries. As of 2015, when combined with the related Mil Mi-17, the two helicopters are the third most common operational military aircraft in the world.
Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat
Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat (Russian: Газпром нéфтéхим Салават, IPA: [ɡɐsˈprom nʲɪftʲˈexim salavˈɑt]) is a Russian petrochemicals company headquartered in the city of Salavat in Bashkortostan. The company specializes in the processing of hydrocarbons into approximately 150 different petrochemicals, fertilizers and petroleum products, such as gasoline and fuel oil. As of 2025, the company controls three main plants in the city of Salavat, making it the largest petrochemical production complex in Russia. This includes an oil refinery and two additional plants that produce monomers and gas-based chemicals. In recent years, the complex has been subject to attack from Ukrainian drones following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and has received criticism for its environmental record from Rosprirodnadzor, Until February 2011 the company was known as Salavatnefteorgsintez (Russian: Салаватнéфтéоргсинтéз, lit. 'Salvat Oil Organic Synthesis').

Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources
The Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources (Rosprirodnadzor; Russian: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере природопользования (Росприроднадзор), tr. Federal'naya sluzhba po nadzoru v sfere prirodopolzovaniya) is the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service of Russia. This regulator is part of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.
Abolition of the han system
The abolition of the han system (廃藩置県, haihan-chiken) in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (大名, daimyō, feudal lords) were required to return their authority to the Emperor Meiji and his house. The process was accomplished in several stages, resulting in a new centralized government of Meiji Japan and the replacement of the old feudal system with a new oligarchy.

Imperial House of Japan
The Imperial House (皇室, Kōshitsu) is the reigning dynasty of Japan, consisting of those members of the extended family of the reigning emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties. Under the present constitution of Japan, the emperor is "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people". Other members of the imperial family perform ceremonial and social duties, but have no role in the affairs of government. The duties as an emperor are passed down the line to their male children. The Japanese monarchy is the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world.  The imperial dynasty does not have a name, therefore its direct members do not have a family name.
Raja Maldeo
Raja Maldeo Chahar was a 15th-century Chahar Jat ruler who governed the town of Sidhmukh State (or Kanjan) in the Jangladesh (Bikaner) region of present-day Rajasthan. He is primarily known for a conflict with the army of the Delhi Sultan, Khizr Khan Sayyid.

Sidhmukh
Sidhmukh is a town and the administrative headquarters of Sidhmukh tehsil in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan, India. It functions as an important administrative and service centre for surrounding rural areas of northern Rajasthan.
Vyatlag
Vyatlag, Vyatsky ITL or Vyatka ITL (Вятский ИТЛ, Vyatka correctional labor camp) was one of the largest Gulag forced labor camps. It was named after Vyatka Land, being located in  Kirov Oblast, centered in Kirov, formerly known as Vyatka. It was established on February 5, 1938, and existed well after the dismantling of Gulag. Its main operations were logging and wood processing, including the construction of the related plants and rail and automobile roads, as well as other odd production. It is peak it housed over 28,000 inmates in 1942.

A fundamental, over 450 pages, work on the history of Vyatlag was published by Viktor Berdinskikh.

Forced labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.

Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour, and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps.
Betty Ballantine
Betty Ballantine (born Elizabeth Jones; September 25, 1919 – February 12, 2019) was an American publisher, editor, and writer. She was born during the Raj to a British colonial family in Faizabad, India. After her marriage to Ian Ballantine in 1939, she moved to New York. Their son, Richard, was an author and journalist specializing in cycling topics.

Faizabad
Faizabad (Hindustani pronunciation: [fɛːzaːbaːd]) is a city located in Ayodhya district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.  It is situated on the southern bank of the River Saryu about 6.5 km from Ayodhya City, the district headquarter, 130 km east of the state capital Lucknow. Faizabad was the first capital of the Awadh Kingdom and has monuments built by those Nawabs, like the Tomb of Bahu Begum, Gulab Bari. It was also the headquarters of Faizabad district (now Ayodhya district) and Faizabad division (now Ayodhya division) before November 2018. Faizabad is a twin city of Ayodhya and it is administered by Ayodhya Municipal Corporation.
Ralph Basset (died 1282)
Ralph Basset (fl. 1263–1265) was an English baronial leader.

Basset was lord of Sapcote, Leicestershire. By the Provisions of Oxford he was appointed constable of Northampton, and he was one of the sureties ex parte baronum for the observance of the Mise of Amiens (December 1263). He was again entrusted by the barons with Northampton, and was appointed, after Lewes, custos pacis (keeper of the peace) for Leicestershire in June 1264. As 'Radulfus Basset de Sapercote' he was summoned to Simon de Montfort's parliament on 24 December 1264 and fought at Evesham in 1265 in the ranks of the barons.

Provisions of Oxford
The Provisions of Oxford (Latin: Provisiones Oxonie or Oxoniae) were constitutional reforms to the government of late medieval England adopted during the Oxford Parliament of 1258 to resolve a dispute between Henry III of England and his barons. The reforms were designed to ensure the king adhered to the rule of law and governed according to the advice of his barons. A council of fifteen barons was chosen to advise and control the king and supervise his ministers. Parliament was to meet regularly three times a year.

Like the earlier Magna Carta, the Provisions of Oxford demonstrated the ability of the barons to press their concerns in opposition to the English monarchy. Henry's failure to abide by the reforms sparked the Second Barons' War, which ended with Henry's victory and the restoration of royal authority. The Provisions of Oxford were annulled in 1266 by the Dictum of Kenilworth.
Polish Limnological Society
The Polish Limnological Society (Polish: Polskie Towarzystwo Limnologiczne (PTLim)) is a Polish scientific society that disseminates information among limnologists, those who study all aspects of lakes, including their physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and management. It was founded at the "Fifth National Limnological Conference" in 2001 and, as of 2021, has over 100 active members. In 2009 it organized the International Conference "Lakes, Reservoirs and Ponds. Impacts – Threats – Conservation" partnered with the Czech Limnological Society and Romanian Limnogeographical Association. In 2019, PLS organized the International Conference "Lakes & Reservoirs: Hot Spots in Limnology" in co-operation with the Romanian Limnogeographical Association .

PTLim publishes the scientific journal Limnological Review.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Sports-related curses
A sports-related curse is a superstitious belief in the effective action of some malevolent power that is used to explain the failures or misfortunes of specific sports teams, players, or cities. Teams, players, and cities often cite a "curse" for many negative things, such as their inability to win a sports championship, or unexpected injuries.

AFL–NFL merger
The AFL–NFL merger was the merger of the two major professional American football leagues in the United States at the time: the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). It paved the way for the combined league, which retained the "National Football League" name and logo, to become the most popular sports league in the United States. The merger was announced on the evening of June 8, 1966.

Under the merger agreement, the leagues maintained separate regular-season schedules for the next four seasons—from 1966 through 1969 with a final championship game which would become known as the Super Bowl—and then officially merged before the 1970 season to form one league with two conferences.
The Lone Star Trail
The Lone Star Trail is a 1943 American Western film directed by Ray Taylor and starring Johnny Mack Brown and Tex Ritter.  The supporting cast features Fuzzy Knight and Jennifer Holt and, in a small role as a villain, Robert Mitchum (billed as "Bob Mitchum"). The screenplay was written by Oliver Drake from a story by Victor Halperin. It was the last of 29 B-westerns Brown starred in for Universal beginning in 1939.

Victor Halperin
Victor Hugo Halperin (August 24, 1895 – May 17, 1983) was an American stage actor, stage director, film director, producer, and writer. The majority of his works involved romance and horror. His brother, with whom he collaborated, was producer Edward Halperin (May 12, 1898 – March 2, 1981).
Frank Monroe (baseball)
Frank W. Monroe  (c. 1855 – July 2, 1908) was a Major League Baseball player, who played in two games for the 1884 Indianapolis Hoosiers. He played catcher in one game and outfielder in the other. He was hitless in eight at-bats in the two games. He played for the Chattanooga Lookouts in the Southern League in 1885.

Southern League (1885–1899)
The Southern League was a Class B and Class C minor league baseball league which operated intermittently in the Southern United States from 1885 to 1899. Financial problems plagued the league and its member teams throughout their existence. It was not unusual for teams to depart the league during the season or for the league to cease operations without completing the season. It was this lack of financial support which ultimately caused the league to permanently disband in 1889. In 1901, a new league, called the Southern Association, was created from its remnants.
Élie Sauvage
Élie Sauvage, full name Élie François Victor Sauvage (13 May 1814 – 30 December 1871), was a 19th-century French playwright and novelist.

He was the son of Angélique-Renée Rotureau and René Sauvage, a trader in Mayenne. He collaborated to the newspaper La Mayenne and began his literary career with a volume of verse. He then turned to the theater and produced alone or in collaboration, a dozen plays. A member of the Société des gens de lettres, towards the end of his life he published two novels, Mirette, a spiritist one, and La Petite Bohémienne which was translated into English as The Little Gipsy.

Société des gens de lettres
The Société des gens de lettres de France (SGDLF; French: [sɔsjete dɛ ʒɑ̃ də lɛtʁ də fʁɑ̃s]; lit. 'Society of People of Letters of France') is a French writers' association founded in 1838 to defend and promote authors' rights. It provides legal and other support for its members and awards a number of significant prizes to French and francophone writers every year.
All Saints Church, West Dulwich
All Saints' Church is a Church of England parish church in West Dulwich, South London. It is a red brick building designed in a Gothic Revival style by George Fellowes Prynne, and was built from 1888 to 1891. It is Grade I listed.

South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, mostly south of the River Thames. The region consists of the boroughs, in whole or in part, of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.

South London originally emerged from Southwark, first recorded as Suthriganaweorc, meaning 'fort of the men of Surrey'. From Southwark, London then extended further down into northern Surrey and western Kent.
Phyllachne colensoi
Phyllachne colensoi, the yellow cushionplant, is a species of cushion plant in the Stylidiaceae family. It is native to both New Zealand and Tasmania, with colonisation of the latter being a somewhat recent dispersal. Phyllachne colensoi is frequently the dominant vegetation in upland bog habitats and is found throughout high mountain areas in New Zealand, but is only recorded from 12 sites in Tasmania in the west and south-west of the island.

Phyllachne colensoi is a perennial cushion mound-forming plant with short erect stems that are densely packed. Leaves are sessile and small at only 2–3 mm long. Solitary flowers are white and held close to the cushion mound, with flowers and fruits being produced from December to March.

Phyllachne colensoi was first described as Helophyllum colensoi by Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1864 and then moved to the genus Phyllachne by Sven Berggren in 1877.

Sven Berggren
Sven Berggren (12 August 1837 – 28 June 1917) was a Swedish botanist, explorer and university professor. He was a professor at Lund University 1883–1902, later at Uppsala University. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1880.

He collected plants  on a number of journeys to then little-known areas of the world, e.g. Svalbard in 1868, Greenland in 1870 (both times with Nordenskiöld's expedition) and, in 1873, New Zealand, Australia, Hawaii and California. In 1874 Berggren distributed specimens which belong to a series which superficially resemble an exsiccata work with the title Plantae in Itineribus Suecorum Polaribus collectae. He made particularly novel collections and descriptions of bryophytes and to less extent vascular plants, algae and fungi.
His collections are kept at Lund University.
Ryan Jacques
Ryan Jacques (born June 19, 2000) is a Canadian curler from Edmonton, Alberta. He is currently the skip of the Alberta Golden Bears men's curling team in university curling and on the World Curling Tour. Jacques was slated to represent Canada at the 2021 World Junior Curling Championships in Beijing, China, but the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Alberta Golden Bears and Pandas
The Alberta Golden Bears and Pandas are the sports teams that represent the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Alberta athletics teams have won a total of 101 national championships, including 84 in U Sports sanctioned sports, making it one of the most successful programs in the country.
1999 LPGA Tour
The 1999 LPGA Tour was the 50th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 15 to November 14. The season consisted of 38 official money events. Karrie Webb won the most tournaments, six. She also led the money list with earnings of $1,591,959, setting the LPGA Tour record. She also won the Vare Trophy for lowest scoring average (69.43), besting the previous record (Annika Sörenstam, 1998, 69.99) by more than 0.5 strokes.

The season saw the first tournament with a winner's share of over $300,000, the U.S. Women's Open. There were seven first-time winners in 1999: Akiko Fukushima, Jackie Gallagher-Smith, Maria Hjorth, Mi Hyun Kim, Kelli Kuehne, Mardi Lunn, and Catrin Nilsmark.

The Jamie Farr Kroger Classic saw the first ever six-way playoff in LPGA Tour history. It was won by Se Ri Pak.

The tournament results and award winners are listed below.

Jackie Gallagher-Smith
Jackie Gallagher-Smith (born December 11, 1967) is an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour.

Gallagher-Smith has won once on the LPGA Tour in 1999.

Gallagher-Smith's brother, Jim Gallagher Jr., has won on the PGA Tour, making them one of two brother/sister pairs (the other is Billy Kratzert and Cathy Gerring) to win on both tours. Her brother, Jeff Gallagher, has won twice on the Nationwide Tour.
Vérany
Vérany, sometimes Verany, is a French family name originally from the Varennes area. Notable people with the surname include:

Jean Baptiste Vérany (1800–1865), French pharmacist and naturalist and malacologist

Pierre Verany, French record producer

Varennes-en-Argonne
Varennes-en-Argonne (French pronunciation: [vaʁɛn ɑ̃.n‿aʁɡɔn], literally Varennes in Argonne) or simply Varennes (German: Wöringen) is a commune in the Meuse department in the Grand Est region in Northeastern France. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 636.
Le cose che non sai di me
"Le cose che non sai di me" ("Things You Don't Know About Me") is a song co-written and recorded by Italian singer Mara Sattei, released on 25 February 2026 and included in the deluxe edition of her third studio album Che me ne faccio del tempo.

The song was presented in competition during the Sanremo Music Festival 2026.

Che me ne faccio del tempo
Che me ne faccio del tempo (transl. What do I do with time?) is the third studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Mara Sattei, released on 13 February 2026 by Epic.

The album contains the song "Le cose che non sai di me", with which the singer-songwriter competed at the 76th Sanremo Music Festival.
Tanno Setsu
Tanno Setsu (Japanese: 丹野セツ, 1902–1987) was a Japanese feminist, labor activist, Kameido Incident survivor, and an active member of Communist and Socialist Tokyo groups in the 1920s. Tanno became a member of the Nankatsu Labor Union, and was especially interested in its communist Hyōgikai wing where she established and was head of its women's division. Though many of her communist peers shifted to anarchist communism, Tanno and her husband, Watanabe Masanosuke, the Japanese Communist Party's general secretary, remained Bolshevist communists.

Kameido incident
The Kameido incident (亀戸事件) took places in 1923 in the aftermath of the Great Kantō earthquake. The Kameido police in Tokyo arrested labor activists, in fear that they would spread disorder. Troops of the 13th Cavalry Regiment proceeded to execute the prisoners and to dispose of the bodies. Koreans were also targeted, as it was thought they were planning to overthrow the government. Across Tokyo and Yokohama it is estimated that 6000 Koreans were murdered. Joshua Hammer, writing in the Smithsonian magazine, tells us the Kanto earthquake "accelerated Japan's drift toward militarism and war."
Bernadette Jordan
Bernadette Jordan PC (born April 7, 1963) is a Canadian politician who served as Minister of Fisheries, Oceans, and the Canadian Coast Guard from 2019 to 2021. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, she was elected to represent the riding of South Shore—St. Margarets in the House of Commons in the 2015 and 2019 elections, before being defeated by Rick Perkins in 2021.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
Baursberg
The Baursberg has a height of 91.6 m above sea level (NN) and is therefore the largest hill in the quarter of Blankenese, Hamburg, Germany and the second largest of the city (behind Hasselbrack). It is part of the high shore of Blankenese. On top of it the Waterworks Baursberg is located. It was built in 1859, being the first with filtration in Hamburg. Until 1960 also water of the river Elbe was used, after that only ground water, because of the growing pollution of the river. Eleven wells pump water from depths of 40 to 320m. The height of the hill is then used to transport the water to the consumer without pumps, even to distant quarters such as Othmarschen and the town of Schenefeld in Schleswig-Holstein. The waterworks is operated by state owned Hamburg Wasser.

Schenefeld, Pinneberg
Schenefeld (German pronunciation: [ˈʃeːnəfɛlt] ⓘ; Low German: Scheenfeld) is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated at the northwest border of Hamburg.

A 3.4 km tunnel between the town and the DESY research centre in Hamburg houses the European X-ray free-electron laser, with the research campus for the facility also located in Schenefeld.

Melanie Diener, a German operatic and concert soprano, was born in Schenefeld.