hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ferlach
Ferlach (Slovene: Borovlje) in the district of Klagenfurt-Land in Carinthia is the southernmost town in Austria. It is known for its centuries-old gunsmith tradition, part of the Austrian intangible cultural heritage since 2010.

Intangible cultural heritage
Intangible cultural heritage (ICH)—as opposed to a place's tangible cultural heritage, cultural properties such as historic sites, monuments, and artefacts—comprises manifestations of intellectual wealth such as customs, beliefs, traditions, folklore, language, and knowledge, as expressed in particular through craftsmanship and performance.

Responding to the perceived over-representation of Western Europe among World Heritage Sites, to help valorize cultural diversity, and following on from earlier related measures in Japan (1950) and in South Korea (1962), in 2001, UNESCO made a survey among states and NGOs to try to agree on a definition, and the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was drafted in 2003 for its protection and promotion.
Battle of Karavia Bay
The Battle of Karavia Bay occurred in February 1944 and was the first surface engagement fought in the Rabaul area of New Britain during the Solomon Islands Campaign. A squadron of United States Navy warships attacked the harbor defenses of Karavia Bay and exchanged naval gunfire and torpedoes with two Japanese destroyers. The nighttime engagement ended with the silencing of the Japanese artillery and resulted in a blockade of the port. Two Japanese transports were also sunk in the fighting. Later, Allied forces landed on the island and destroyed the enemy garrison.

Naval warfare
Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

The armed forces branch designated for naval warfare is a navy. Naval operations can be broadly divided into riverine/littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), between riverine/littoral and open-ocean applications (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division. The strategic offensive purpose of naval warfare is projection of force by water, and its strategic defensive purpose is to challenge the similar projection of force by enemies.
Krūmiņš
Krūmiņš (Old orthography: Kru(h)min; feminine: Krūmiņa) is a Latvian topographic name, derived from the Latvian word for "bush" (krūms). Individuals with the surname include:

Edgars Krūmiņš (1909–unknown), Latvian chess master

Edgars Krūmiņš (born 1985), Latvian basketball player

Hugo Teodors Krūmiņš (1901–1990), Latvian writer

Jānis Krūmiņš (1930–1994), Latvian basketball player

Mārtiņš Krūmiņš (1900–1992), Latvian-born American painter

Susan Krumins (née Kuijken; 1986), Dutch athlete

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
2019 Copa Verde
The 2019 Copa Verde was the sixth edition of a football competition held in Brazil. Featuring 24 clubs, Acre, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará have two vacancies; Amapá, Rondônia and Roraima with one each. The others five berths was set according to CBF ranking.

In the finals, Cuiabá defeated Paysandu 5–4 on penalties after tied 1–1 on aggregate to win their second title and a place in the Round of 16 of the 2020 Copa do Brasil.

Cuiabá Esporte Clube
Cuiabá Esporte Clube is a Brazilian professional club based in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso founded on 12 December 2001. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, the second division of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Mato-Grossense, the top flight of the Mato Grosso state football league.

The club plays at Arena Pantanal, one of the stadiums of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. It was founded in 2001 by former player Luís Carlos Tóffoli first as a football academy and amateur club, later it became a fully professional team in 2003, winning a Campeonato Mato-Grossense on its first year, but it soon closed in 2006. In 2009 it was bought and reactivated by the Grupo Dresch and in 2021 the club reached the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.

Its main achievements include a two-time Copa Verde title and twelve Campeonato Mato-Grossense championships.
Howard Landy
Howard  Landy is a professor of neurosurgery in the Department of Neurological Surgery and Radiation Oncology at the University of Miami and serves as the director of quality and patient safety at Jackson Memorial Hospital.

Landy's research interests include neurooncology and surgical correction for epilepsy. Dr. Landy finished his medical school, residency and fellowship at the University of Miami. He is a pioneer in the development of stereotactic neurosurgery and has conducting several research projects on clinical and laboratory radiobiology, including important work in gamma knife radiosurgery.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Rafał Lepel
Rafał Lepel (born 13 February 1990) is a retired Polish biathlete. He competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2012 in Ruhpolding, in 10 km sprint. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the sprint contest.

Biathlon at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's sprint competition of the Sochi 2014 Olympics was held at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex on 8 February 2014. It was 10 kilometres in length (6.2 miles).

The defending Olympic Champion was Vincent Jay of France, who has retired since the previous Olympics. The defending World Champion is Emil Hegle Svendsen of Norway.
Vladimir Zarudnitsky
Vladimir Borisovich Zarudnitsky (Russian: Владимир Борисович Зарудницкий; born 6 February 1958) is a Russian Ground Forces colonel general and the chief of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia. He was heavily involved in the Second Chechen War, eventually becoming in September 2007 the commander of the army there.

Far Eastern Military District
The Far Eastern Military District (Russian: Дальневосточный военный округ; Dalʹnevostochnyĭ voennyĭ okrug) was a military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In 2010 it was merged with the Pacific Fleet and part of the Siberian Military District to form the new Eastern Military District.
Beyond Those Years
"Beyond Those Years" is a song written by Troy Seals and Eddie Setser, and recorded by The Oak Ridge Boys, featuring Steve Sanders.  It was released in April 1989 as the third single from Monongahela.  It reached #7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

In 2011, the group re-recorded the song with a new arrangement and Joe Bonsall on lead vocals for It's Only Natural.

Monongahela (album)
Monongahela is the fifteenth album by The Oak Ridge Boys, released in 1988 via MCA Records. The album peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart.

The album includes three singles that charted on Hot Country Songs: "Gonna Take a Lot of River", which reached number 1, followed by "Bridges and Walls" at number 10 and "Beyond Those Years" at number 7.
Roman Kreuziger Sr.
Roman Kreuziger (born 11 June 1965 in Uničov) is a Czech former bicycle racer. During his career, Kreuziger won the Tour of Austria in 1991 and the Cyclocross Junior World Championships in 1983. He is the father of racer Roman Kreuziger.

Tour of Austria
The Tour of Austria (German: Internationale Österreich Rundfahrt) is a stage cycling race held in Austria. From 1949 to 1995 it was a race for amateur cyclists and became a professional event in 1996. In 2005 and 2006 it was organised as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour, becoming a 2.HC event in 2007. and then a UCI ProSeries race in 2020. Since 2005 it has usually been held in July. Before that, it was seen as an ideal preparation race for the Tour de France.
Congupna railway station
Congupna is a closed railway station on the Goulburn Valley railway line, in the township of Congupna, just north of Shepparton, Victoria, Australia. The station opened as Congupna Road at the same time as the railway from Shepparton to Numurkah on 1 September 1881, and was renamed Congupna in February 1968.

The platform was on the west side of the line, with the dirt mound remaining today. A rail served fertilizer depot was located on a loop siding across from the platform, but has not seen use since fertilizer traffic moved away from rail in the mid-2000s.

In November 1986, the staff locked points at the down end of the station were abolished, and replaced with an annett lock, with a staff/annett key exchange apparatus provided, to prevent unnecessary operation of the level crossing signals during operation.

Shepparton
Shepparton (/ˈʃɛpərtən/ SHEP-ər-tən; Yorta Yorta: Kanny-goopna) is a regional city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately 181 kilometres (112 mi) north-northeast of Melbourne. As of the 2021 census, the locality of Shepparton had a population of 32,067. The broader urban area, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, had a combined population of 49,862.

It began as a sheep station and river crossing in the mid-19th century, before undergoing a major transformation as a railway town. Today it is an agricultural and manufacturing centre, and the centre of the Goulburn Valley irrigation system, one of the largest centres of irrigation in Australia. It is also a major regional service city and the seat of local government and civic administration for the City of Greater Shepparton, which includes the surrounding towns of Tatura, Merrigum, Mooroopna, Murchison, Dookie, Toolamba and Grahamvale.
Pitín
Pitín is a municipality and village in Uherské Hradiště District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

Pitín lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) east of Uherské Hradiště, 28 km (17 mi) south-east of Zlín, and 276 km (171 mi) south-east of Prague.

Zlín Region
Zlín Region (Czech: Zlínský kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Moravia. It is named after its capital Zlín. Together with the Olomouc Region, it forms a cohesion area of Central Moravia. It is located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, where the borders with Slovakia (Trenčín and Žilina Regions) are formed by its eastern edge. It borders the South Moravian Region in the southwest, the Olomouc Region in the northwest, and the Moravian-Silesian Region in the north. Culturally, the region is composed of parts of three traditional Moravian regions: Haná, the Moravian Slovakia, and the Moravian Wallachia, as the city of Zlín lies roughly at their tripoint.
Cataphyll
In plant morphology, a cataphyll (sometimes also called a cataphyllum or cataphyll leaf) is a reduced, small leaf. Many plants have both "true leaves" (euphylls), which perform most of the photosynthesis, and cataphylls, which are modified to perform other functions.

Cataphylls include bracts, bracteoles and bud scales, as well as any small leaves that resemble scales, known as scale leaves. The functions of cataphylls, such as bud scales, may be short-lived, and they are often shed after their function is fulfilled.

Plant morphology
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. Plant morphology is useful in the visual identification of plants. Recent studies in molecular biology started to investigate the molecular processes involved in determining the conservation and diversification of plant morphologies. In these studies, transcriptome conservation patterns were found to mark crucial ontogenetic transitions during the plant life cycle which may result in evolutionary constraints limiting diversification.
Armenian Volunteer Corps
Armenian Volunteer Corps (AVC) is a volunteer placement organization based in Yerevan, Armenia. The organization offers opportunities to individuals aged 21+ from around the world to come to Armenia to perform short or long-term volunteer service to participate in the country's economic and social development.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
HMS Sultana
Three, and possibly five, vessels of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Sultana, for a female sultan or wife of a sultan:

HMS Sultana (1768) was an American schooner built in 1767 that the Royal Navy bought in 1768 and sold in 1772.

HMS Sultana (1780) was a mercantile cutter that the Royal Navy bought in 1780 and sold in 1799.

HMS Sultana (1855) was a wood paddle tug that the Royal Navy bought at Constantinople in 1855.

In addition, there is mention in records of two other Royal Navy vessels by the same name that may have been tenders to larger vessels.

In 1776, there is an HMS Sultana mentioned on the North America station, under the command of a "C. Hope". She was sold in 1780.

There was a Sultana mentioned as serving off Egypt between 8 March to 2 September 1801 and under the command of Lieutenant John Moon. She is listed amongst the vessels whose crews qualified for the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Egypt".

HMS Sultana (1768)
HMS Sultana was a small Royal Navy schooner that patrolled the American coast from 1768 through 1772. Her role was to prevent smuggling and to collect customs duties. She was retired and sold in 1773 when unrest in Britain's American colonies required larger, better armed patrol craft.
Flogstallen
Flogstallen (72°36′S 2°59′W﻿ / ﻿72.600°S 2.983°W﻿ / -72.600; -2.983) is a flat, icecapped mountain with steep rock sides just northeast of Jokulskarvet Ridge, in the Borg Massif of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys, original research and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and the Norwegian expedition (1958–59). It was named Flogstallen (the rock wall stable).

Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (also known as NBSX or NBSAE) (1949–1952) was the first Antarctica expedition involving an international team of scientists. The team members came from Norway, Sweden and the British Commonwealth of Nations.
Daniel Cremieux
Daniel Crémieux (22 May 1938 – 12 September 2025) was a French fashion designer best known for his preppy style clothing, mainly menswear. He launched his eponymous brand, Daniel Crémieux, in 1976 in France.

Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence, often known as simply Aix, is a city and commune in southern France, about 30 km (20 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence, in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The population of Aix-en-Provence is approximately 148,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.
2014–15 PFF National Men's Club Championship
The 2014–15 PFF National Men's Club Championship (also known as 2014–15 PFF–Smart National Club Championship) was the 4th season of the PFF National Men's Club Championship, a Filipino association football competition organized by the Philippine Football Federation.

Ceres were the defending champions, retaining the title for the second time after beating Global, 3-1 on aggregate in a two-leg finals in December 2013.

On 31 January 2015, Loyola Meralco Sparks defeated Global with a scoreline of 2 - 0 to win the title. The cup winners, Loyola Meralco Sparks are guaranteed a place in the 2016 AFC Cup Play-off.

Valenzuela PB–Mendiola F.C.
The Valenzuela Pure Blends–Mendiola Football Club is a Philippine professional football club based in Valenzuela, Metro Manila. The club is named after the Mendiola Street, a short thoroughfare in the San Miguel district of Manila. It is one of the founding members of United Football League, which was last competing in the 2009–10 season. The club currently plays in the Philippines Football League, the top-flight league of football in the Philippines.
1995–96 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
The 1995–96 Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio season was the 11th season since its establishment. It was contested by 10 teams, and A.C. Libertas won the championship, despite playing their regular season in Serie A2.

SS Murata
S.S. Murata is a Sanmarinese football club, based in Murata, a civil parish of the city of San Marino. The club was founded in 1966. Murata currently plays in Girone B of Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio. The team's colours are black and white.
Nicole Steigenga
Nicole Steigenga (born 27 January 1998) is a Dutch racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam AG Insurance–Soudal. She rode for Bepink in the women's team time trial event at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
You Are an Artist
You Are an Artist is a television series, which first aired on NBC flagship station WNBT-TV in New York City and "a small network of stations on the East Coast" on November 1, 1946, and then continued on the NBC Television network until 1950

Gulf Oil began sponsoring You Are an Artist in December 1946. In February 1950 the show moved to CBS, originating from WCBS-TV. It was sponsored by Doubleday.

WCBS-TV
WCBS-TV (channel 2), branded CBS New York, is a television station in New York City. It is the flagship station of the CBS television network, owned and operated through its CBS News and Stations division. Under common ownership with Riverhead, New York–licensed independent station WLNY-TV (channel 55), the two stations share studios within the CBS Broadcast Center on West 57th Street in Midtown Manhattan; WCBS-TV's transmitter is located at One World Trade Center.
Bugui Point Lighthouse
Bugui Point Lighthouse is a historic lighthouse located on Bugui Point in the town of Aroroy, in the northern tip of Masbate Island, province of Masbate, in the Philippines. It lights the entrance to the channel between Burias Island and Masbate Island and the channel between Burias and Ticao Islands leading to San Bernardino Strait.

Work on the light began in October 1893 but was halted by the Philippine Revolution in 1896. After the Philippine-American War, lighthouse construction was resumed by the new American government in the Philippines; and Bugui Point Lighthouse was lit on December 1, 1902.

Masbate
Masbate, officially the Province of Masbate (Masbateño: Probinsya san Masbate; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Masbate), is an island province in the Philippines located near the midsection of the nation's archipelago. Its provincial capital is Masbate City, the most populous in the province. The province consists of three major islands: Masbate, Ticao and Burias.

Masbate is at the crossroads of two island groups: Visayas and Luzon. It is politically part of Bicol Region in the latter. However, from a bio-geographic and socio-ethno-linguistic perspective, Masbate is grouped in the former.
Bodvar Moe
Bodvar Drotninghaug Moe (born 31 March 1951) is a Norwegian composer, musician (bass) and music teacher.

Moe was born in Mo i Rana. He studied composition under Olav Anton Thommessen, Bjørn Kruse, Jan Sandström and Rolf Martinson. Moe has been the musical director of Nordland Teater and has remained a central participant in the "Composer Meeting northern Scandinavia." Since 2005 he has been the musical director for Mo Orkesterforening. By Nesna University College, he was named amanuensis in 2005 and was promoted to professor in 2011.

Amanuensis
An amanuensis (/əˌmænjuˈɛnsɪs/ ə-MAN-yoo-EN-sis) (pl. amanuenses /əˌmænjuˈɛnsiːz/ ə-MAN-yoo-EN-seez) or scribe is a person employed to write or type what another dictates or to copy what has been written by another. Eric Fenby acted as such in assisting the blind and paralysed composer Frederick Delius in writing down the notes he dictated.

In some academic contexts, an amanuensis can assist an injured or disabled person in taking written examinations. It may also be a person who signs a document on behalf of another under the latter's authority.
Nandi District
Nandi District was an administrative district in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Its capital town was Kapsabet.

Following the transfer of some of territory from Uganda to British East Africa, Nandi District was a subdivision of Kisumu Province. In 1929, it was when it was transferred to the newly-created Nzoia Province. In 1934, the district was transferred to Rift Valley Province after the latter absorbed Nzoia Province. In 1963, Nandi District was one of the forty districts of Kenya.

In 2005, Nandi District was eliminated after it was split to form Nandi North and Nandi South, and later Nandi Central, Nandi East and Tindret. All the four districts had a combined population of 752,965.

As per the new law new counties were to be created based on the districts of Kenya that existed as at 1992. This effectively led to the creation of Nandi County.

The topography of the former district is dominated by the Nandi Hills. The local people are mostly of the Nandi tribe.

Nandi County
Nandi County is a county in Kenya in the North Rift, occupying an area of 2,884.4 square kilometres. Its capital, Kapsabet, is the largest town in the county while other towns include Mosoriot, Tinderet, Kobujoi, Kaiboi, Kabiyet and Nandi Hills. According to a 2019 census, the county has a population of 885,711, made up of a number of Kenyan communities, the majority of whom belong to the native tribe called Nandi.

Geographically, the unique jug-shaped structure of Nandi County is bound by the Equator to the south and extends northwards to latitude 0034’N. The western boundary extends to west. The county's major area is covered by the Nandi Hills.
Froment du Léon
The Froment du Léon is an endangered French breed of dairy cattle from the coastal region of northern Brittany, in the north-west of France.: 235  It is named for the historic Viscounty of Léon, in the départements of Côtes-d'Armor and Finistère in the extreme north-west of Brittany. It is valued for the quality of its milk, which is yellow and high in fat, and is particularly suitable for making into butter.

Côtes-d'Armor
The Côtes-d'Armor (/koʊt dɑːrmər/ koht dar-mər, /-dɑːrmɔːr/ -⁠dar-mor; French pronunciation: [kot daʁmɔʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Aodoù-an-Arvor, [ˈoːdu ãn ˈarvor]), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord until 1990 (Breton: Aodoù-an-Hanternoz, [ˈoːdu ãn ˌhãntɛrˈnoːs]), is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France. In 2019, it had a population of 600,582.