hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reductive dechlorination
In organochlorine chemistry, reductive dechlorination describes any chemical reaction which cleaves the covalent bond between carbon and chlorine via reductants, to release chloride ions. Many modalities have been implemented, depending on the application.  Reductive dechlorination is often applied to remediation of chlorinated pesticides or dry cleaning solvents. It is also used occasionally in the synthesis of organic compounds, e.g. as pharmaceuticals.

Bond cleavage
In chemistry, bond cleavage, or bond fission, is the splitting of chemical bonds. This can be generally referred to as dissociation when a molecule is cleaved into two or more fragments.

In general, there are two classifications for bond cleavage: homolytic and heterolytic, depending on the nature of the process. The triplet and singlet excitation energies of a sigma bond can be used to determine if a bond will follow the homolytic or heterolytic pathway. A metal−metal sigma bond is an exception because the bond's excitation energy is extremely high, thus cannot be used for observation purpose.

In some cases, bond cleavage requires catalysts. Due to the high bond-dissociation energy of C−H bonds, around 100 kcal/mol (420 kJ/mol), a large amount of energy is required to cleave the hydrogen atom from the carbon and bond a different atom to the carbon.
Alexis Kouros
Alexis Kouros (born 1961, in Kermanshah, Iran) is an Iranian-Finnish writer, documentary-maker, director, and producer. Kouros is of Iranian Kurdish heritage.

His first book, Gondwana's Children, won the Finlandia Junior Award in 1997. His first film was the 2000 documentary, Waiting for Godot at De Gaulle, the story of Mehran Karimi Nasseri.

He also directed a documentary called Without My Daughter in response to the 1991 Hollywood movie, Not Without My Daughter. He started his production company Dream Catcher. The company began publishing Finland's first English language monthly called SixDegrees in 2003. Helsinki Times, a weekly English newspaper, was established by Dream Catcher in April 2007.

2000 in film
The year 2000 in film involved some significant events. The top grosser worldwide was Mission: Impossible 2. Domestically in North America, Gladiator won the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor (Russell Crowe). Dinosaur was the most expensive film of 2000 and a box-office success.
Garies
Garies is a small agricultural centre situated in South Africa's Northern Cape province about 110 km south of Springbok, the chief town of the Namaqualand district. Current population approximately 1500.

The Letterklip provincial heritage site is situated just west of town.

The town is in the Namaqualand district, at the foot of the Kamiesberg, 46 km south of Kamieskroon and 146 km northwest of Vanrhynsdorp. The name is Khoekhoen and means ‘couchgrass’, Afrikaans ‘kweek’.

Vanrhynsdorp
Vanrhynsdorp (also written Van Rhynsdorp; Afrikaans pronunciation: [fan 'rəinzdɔrp]) is a town located in the West Coast District Municipality of the Western Cape province in South Africa. Considered the oldest and most southern European-settled town in Namaqualand, Vanrhynsdorp serves as a gateway to the Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo regions to the north and east.
Anglicanorum coetibus
Anglicanorum coetibus ("Groups of Anglicans") is an apostolic constitution written by Pope Benedict XVI on 4 November 2009 and promulgated the same day by the Holy See in Latin, English, and Italian, which regulates the establishment of personal ordinariates for former Anglicans converting to the Roman Catholic Church. At the same time, 14 articles that contain supplementary norms for the constitution were issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. The document replaced the Pastoral Provision in effect in the United States since 1980. The constitution is divided into 13 points that contains the justification for its enactment and a part that contains the norms that are to apply to the personal ordinariates.

Promulgation (Catholic canon law)
In Catholic canon law, promulgation is the publication of a law by which it is made known publicly, and is required by canon law for the law to obtain legal effect. Universal laws are promulgated when they are published in Acta Apostolicae Sedis, and unless specified to the contrary, obtain legal force three months after promulgation. Particular laws are promulgated in various ways but by default take effect one month after promulgation.
Carton House
Carton House is a country house and surrounding demesne that was the ancestral seat of the Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster for over 700 years. Located 23 km west of Dublin, in Maynooth, County Kildare, the Carton Demesne is a 1,100 acres estate, from an original estate of 70,000 acres. For two hundred years, the Carton Demesne was the finest example in Ireland of a Georgian-created parkland landscape. In the 2000s, much of the demesne was redeveloped into two golf courses and the house into a hotel complex.

Family seat
A family seat, sometimes just called seat, is the principal residence of the landed gentry and aristocracy. The residence usually denotes the social, economic, political, or historic connection of the family within a given area. Some families took their dynasty name from their family seat (Habsburg, Hohenzollern, and Windsor), or named their family seat after their own dynasty's name. The term family seat was first recorded in the 11th century Domesday Book where it was listed as the word caput. The term continues to be used in the British Isles today. A clan seat refers to the seat of the chief of a Scottish clan.
Featherston railway station
Featherston railway station is a single-platform, urban railway station serving the town of Featherston in the Wairarapa district of New Zealand. The station lies on the Wairarapa Line, between Harrison Street West and Harrison Street East. It is thirty-five minutes journey time to Masterton, or fifty five minutes journey time to Wellington by the Wairarapa Connection.

This station also serves a larger area of the South Wairarapa district, in particular the residents of Martinborough, as it is the closest station to several settlements outside of Featherston.

The station building houses a ticket office from which fares for the Wairarapa Connection service are sold.  Goods have not been consigned from Featherston since 1986.

Masterton
Masterton (Māori: Whakaoriori) is a large town in the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand that operates as the seat of the Masterton District (a territorial authority or local-government district). It is the largest town in the Wairarapa, a region separated from Wellington by the Remutaka ranges. It stands on the Waipoua stream between the Ruamāhunga and Waingawa Rivers – 100 kilometres north-east of Wellington and 40 kilometres south of Eketāhuna.

Masterton has an urban population of 22,600, and a district population of 28,900 (June 2025).

Masterton businesses includes services for surrounding farmers. Three new industrial parks are being developed in Waingawa, Solway and Upper Plain. The town functions as the headquarters of the annual Golden Shears sheep-shearing competition.
Little House on the Prairie (miniseries)
Little House on the Prairie is a 2005 American Western television miniseries directed by David L. Cunningham. It is a six-part adaptation of children's novels Little House in the Big Woods (1932) and Little House on the Prairie (1935) by Laura Ingalls Wilder. It was broadcast on ABC from March 26 to April 23, 2005, as part of The Wonderful World of Disney anthology series.

Little House in the Big Woods
Little House in the Big Woods is an autobiographical children's novel written by Laura Ingalls Wilder and published by Harper in 1932 (reviewed in June). It was Wilder's first book published and it inaugurated her Little House series. It is based on memories of her early childhood in the Big Woods near Pepin, Wisconsin, in the early 1870s.
Blackhat (film)
Blackhat is a 2015 American action thriller film produced and directed by Michael Mann, written by Morgan Davis Foehl, and starring Chris Hemsworth, Tang Wei, Viola Davis, and Wang Leehom. Hemsworth portrays a convicted hacker offered clemency for helping track down a dangerous cybercriminal. The title refers to the cybersecurity term "black hat," meaning a hacker with malicious intent.

The film premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on January 8, 2015, and was released in theaters on January 16, by Universal Pictures. Blackhat was a box-office bomb, earning only $19.7 million at the box office against a budget of $70 million. The film received generally mixed reviews, with criticisms focused on casting and pace, though the film appeared on some critics' year-end lists.

A re-edited director's cut of the film was released on home video in November 2023.

Hacker
A hacker is a person skilled in information technology who achieves goals and solves problems by non-standard means. The term has become associated in popular culture with a security hacker – someone with knowledge of bugs or exploits to break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them. In a positive connotation, though, hacking can also be utilized by legitimate figures in legal situations. For example, law enforcement agencies sometimes use hacking techniques to collect evidence on criminals and other malicious actors. This could include using anonymity tools (such as a VPN or the dark web) to mask their identities online and pose as criminals.

Hacking can also have a broader sense of any roundabout solution to a problem, or programming and hardware development in general, and hacker culture has spread the term's broader usage to the general public even outside the profession or hobby of electronics (see life hack).
2023 RideLondon Classique
The 2023 RideLondon Classique was a British women's cycle stage race that was held in Essex and London, as part of the UCI Women's World Tour. Taking place from 26 to 28 May 2023, the race was the ninth edition of the RideLondon Classique, part of the RideLondon cycling festival. It was won by Dutch rider Charlotte Kool of Team DSM.

UCI Women's World Tour
The UCI Women's World Tour is the premier annual female elite road cycling tour. As of 2025, the tour includes 27 events in Europe, Asia and Oceania – with one-day races such as Strade Bianche Donne and Paris–Roubaix Femmes, stage races such as Women's Tour Down Under, as well as week long stage races (sometimes referred to as a "Grand Tour") such as Tour de France Femmes.
Hayat TV (Turkey)
Hayatın Sesi TV was a Turkish nationwide TV channel established in 2007. It is one of the Turkish channels which gave extensive live coverage of the 2013 protests in Turkey; one of its reporters, Ismail Afacan, was injured by a water cannon.

On 13 June 2013 the state media regulator RTÜK ordered Türksat to stop broadcasting Hayatın Sesi TV's signal, claiming it lacked a license. This followed a recent change in the rules requiring broadcasters to have an RTÜK license. It later acknowledged that Hayat had an open application for a license, and cancelled the order to Turksat.

It was shut down under the emergency statutory decree issued in the aftermath of the 15 July failed coup d'état, alongside 11 other television and 11 radio stations, on 29 September 2016 when police raided the television station's headquarters in Istanbul.

Radio and Television Supreme Council
Radio and Television Supreme Council (Turkish: Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu), also known in short as RTÜK, is the Turkish state agency for monitoring, regulating, and sanctioning radio and television broadcasts. RTÜK was founded in 1994 and is composed of nine members elected by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. RTÜK is located in Ankara and maintains local offices in Istanbul, İzmir and Diyarbakir.

Telecommunications and information technology sectors fall under another state agency, the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK).

RTÜK initiated the establishment of two international forums in the field of audio visual media services such as the Black Sea Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum (BRAF) among 12 members of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) in 2009, and the Islamic Countries Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum (IBRAF), an affiliate of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), with its 57 member states, in 2011.
Latha Math
"Latha Math" (English: Good day or Greetings) is a single from the Scottish Gaelic group Mànran. The song was written by Norrie MacIver, who was the band's singer until he left in December 2015. The single was released in the United Kingdom on 17 January 2011 as a digital download. The band were aiming to be the first Gaelic song in the Top 40 for the 21st Century. While the song achieved Number 29 by mid-week, they slipped out of the Top 40 to Number 61 for the official chart on Sunday 23 January 2011. However, they did secure Number 6 in both the UK Indie Chart and the Scottish Singles Chart.

UK Independent Singles and Albums Charts
The UK Independent Singles Chart and UK Independent Albums Chart are charts of the best-selling independent singles and albums, respectively, in the United Kingdom. Originally published in January 1980, and widely known as the indie chart, the relevance of the chart dwindled in the 1990s as major-label ownership blurred the boundary between independent and major labels.

Separate independent charts are currently published weekly by the Official Charts Company.
Russian armoured train Amur
The Russian armoured train Amur is an armoured train currently in use by Russia in its Russo-Ukrainian war. Unlike the newer trains Yenisei and Volga, Amur was already built long before the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Both Amur and its sister train, Baikal, were reactivated back in 2016, originally for rear-line logistical purposes.

ChME3
The ČKD ČME3 is a six-axle diesel–electric locomotive built by ČKD. The class was used primarily for shunting and mainline duties. With over 8,000 produced during a production run of 31 years, it is one of the most produced locomotives in the world. Units have been operated by Russia, Belarus, Ukraine (as class ЧМЭ3, transliteration ChME3) and other ex-Soviet bloc countries, in Czechoslovakia (as class T669.0, T669.1 and T669.5, later as ŽSR 770 and ČD 770 in Slovakia and the Czech Republic), on industrial railways in Poland (S200), in Albania (HSH T669.1), Iraq (DES 3101), Syria (LDE 1500) and in India (DEC 120).

The ČKD ČME3 is classified as a Co-Co or C-C diesel–electric locomotive, with all six axles powered. As such, it is particularly suited for pulling heavy, slow freight and cargo trains.
Kaźmierczak
Kaźmierczak or Kazmierczak  is a Polish-language patronymic surname derived from  the given name Kazimierz.

Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Kazmierczak, American microbiologist

Grzegorz Kaźmierczak (born 1964), Polish poet

Ludwig Kasner (born Ludwik Kaźmierczak; 1896–1959), German policeman

Marie Kazmierczak (1920–2000), American basketball outfielder

Monika Kaźmierczak, Polish musician

Przemysław Kaźmierczak (born 1982), Polish footballer

Stanisław Kaźmierczak, multiple persons

Steven Kazmierczak (1980–2008), perpetrator of the 2008 Northern Illinois University shooting

Stanley Kazmierczak Keyes (born 1953), Canadian diplomat and politician

2008 Northern Illinois University shooting
The 2008 Northern Illinois University shooting was a school shooting that took place on Thursday, February 14, 2008, at Northern Illinois University (NIU) in DeKalb, Illinois. Steven Kazmierczak, 27 years old and a 2006 NIU graduate, opened fire with a shotgun and three pistols in a crowd of students on campus, killing 5 students and injuring 17 more people, before fatally shooting himself.

The shooting happened at the campus's Cole Hall at approximately 3:05 p.m. Central Standard Time. The school placed the campus on lockdown; students and teachers were advised to head to a secure location, take cover, and avoid the scene and all buildings in the vicinity of the area.

After the shooting, the university administration cancelled classes for the rest of the week as well as the following week.

It is the deadliest school shooting in Illinois history.
West Grinstead
West Grinstead (/ˈɡrɪnstɛd, -stɪd/) is a village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies just off the B2135 road four miles (6.3 km) northwest from Henfield. It is within the ancient division of the Rape of Bramber. 
The western River Adur flows through the village.

The parish of West Grinstead covers an area of 2584 hectares (6382 acres) and consists of the villages of West Grinstead, Littleworth, Partridge Green and Dial Post. In the 2001 census 2934 people lived in 1099 households, of whom 1547 were economically active. At the 2011 Census the population was 3,054

The village should not be confused with the much larger town of East Grinstead which lies 17.5 miles (28 km) to the north-east.

East Grinstead
East Grinstead (/ˈɡrɪnstɛd, -stɪd/) is a town in West Sussex, England, near the East Sussex, Surrey, and Kent borders, 27 miles (43 km) south of London, 21 miles (34 km) northeast of Brighton, and 38 miles (61 km) northeast of the county town of Chichester. Situated in the northeast corner of the county, bordering Surrey, the civil parish has an area of 2,443.45 hectares (6,037.9 acres). The population at the 2011 Census was 26,383.

Nearby towns include Crawley and Horley to the west, Tunbridge Wells to the east and Redhill and Reigate to the northwest. The town is contiguous with the village of Felbridge to the northwest. Until 1974 East Grinstead was in East Sussex, before joining with Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill as the Mid-Sussex district of West Sussex.

The town is on the Greenwich Meridian. It has many historic buildings, and the Weald and Ashdown Forest lie to the south-east.

The name Grinstead derives from the Old English grēnestede meaning 'green place'.
C12
C12, C.XII or C-12 may be:

LNER Class C12, a class of British 4-4-2T locomotives

C12 Workmen's Compensation (Agriculture) Convention, 1921

C-12 Huron, a logistics support aircraft of the U.S. Military (military versions of the Beechcraft Super King Air)

C-12 Vega, an early transport of the United States Army Air Corps

Albatros C.XII, a World War I German military reconnaissance aircraft

Autovia C-12, a highway in Catalonia, Spain

Callaway C12, an American contemporary sports car

Cierva C.12, a 1927 British experimental autogyro

HMS C12, a British C-class submarine of the Royal Navy

JNR Class C12, a class of Japanese steam locomotive

Sauber C12, a 1993 racing car

Spyker C12 Zagato, a 2007 Dutch car

USS Columbia (C-12), a light cruiser of the United States Navy

C-12: Final Resistance, a video game for PlayStation

The 12th century

Carbon-12, the most abundant stable isotope of carbon

Malignant neoplasm of piriform sinus ICD-10 code

Bill C-12 in Canadian law

Bill C-12
Bill C-12 refers to various legislation introduced into the House of Commons of Canada, including:

An Act to amend the Criminal Code (protection of children and other vulnerable persons) and the Canada Evidence Act, introduced in 2004 to the third session of the 37th Parliament; not passed but subsequently re-introduced

Safeguarding Canadians' Personal Information Act, introduced in 2011 to the first session of the 41st Parliament; not passed

Strengthening Canada's Immigration System and Borders Act, introduced in 2025 to the first session of the 45th Parliament; pending Senate approval as of January 2026
Struggle for Pleasure
"Struggle for Pleasure" is a musical piece released in 1983 by Belgian composer Wim Mertens. It is the theme music used by the Belgian phone operator Proximus. It was featured in the Peter Greenaway movie The Belly of an Architect.  Energy 52's track "Café Del Mar" features a main melody based on "Struggle for Pleasure". This music was chosen for '90s television spot of Merit Cup. It was also covered by Belgian dance music group Minimalistix in 2000 and reached dance charts across Europe.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Oreina gloriosa
Oreina gloriosa is a species of broad-shouldered leaf beetles of the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Chrysomelinae.

This alpine leaf beetle is found in France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and Austria.

The only food plant for both adults and larvae is the Masterwort (Peucedanum ostruthium in the family Apiaceae). The adults are 8–10 millimetres (0.31–0.39 in) long. Elytra are bright metallic green crossed by longitudinal blue stripes, or metallic blue.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Victor Gamaldo
Victor Gamaldo (born 22 January 1944) is a Trinidad and Tobago former footballer. He played four seasons for the Washington Darts in both the American Soccer League and North American Soccer League. He later played for the Baltimore Bays of the ASL and the Baltimore Comets of the NASL. He also made three appearances for the Trinidad and Tobago national football team.

Baltimore Bays
The Baltimore Bays were a professional soccer team based in Baltimore, Maryland founded in 1967 as one of the ten charter members of the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL). When the NPSL and the rival United Soccer Association (USA) merged in 1968 to form the North American Soccer League (NASL), the team moved to the new league.  The Bays played its home matches at Memorial Stadium during its first two seasons and moved to Kirk Field, a high school football stadium, in 1969. The team folded at the conclusion of the 1969 NASL season.
I Will Say Goodbye
I Will Say Goodbye is an album by American jazz pianist Bill Evans, recorded with bassist Eddie Gómez and drummer Eliot Zigmund in 1977 but not released until January 1980. It was his final album for Fantasy Records, making the title quite appropriate.

Steve Swallow
Steve Swallow (born October 4, 1940) is an American jazz bassist and composer, known for his collaborations with Jimmy Giuffre, Gary Burton, and Carla Bley. He was one of the first jazz double bassists to switch entirely to electric bass guitar.