hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minié rifle
The Minié rifle was a rifled musket used by the infantry of a number of countries in the mid-19th century. A version was adopted in Britain for a short time in 1851 but the French Army only officially adopted it in 1857. This came after the invention of the Minié ball in 1849 by the French Army captain Claude-Étienne Minié of the Chasseurs d'Orléans and Henri-Gustave Delvigne. The bullet was designed to allow rapid muzzle loading of rifles and was an innovation that brought about the widespread use of the rifle as the main battlefield weapon for individual soldiers.

Henri-Gustave Delvigne
Henri-Gustave Delvigne (French: [ɑ̃ʁi.ɡystav dɛlviɲ]; 10 April 1800 in Hamburg – 18 October 1876 in Toulon) was a French soldier and inventor. He became a captain in the French infantry service, from which he resigned on the outbreak of the 1830 July Revolution. Delvigne revolutionized rifle technology and rendered it proper as a weapon.
Kim McLane Wardlaw
Kim Anita McLane Wardlaw (born 1954) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit since 1998. She is the first Hispanic American woman to be appointed to a federal appeals court. Wardlaw was considered as a possible candidate to be nominated by Barack Obama to the Supreme Court of the United States.

United States District Court for the Central District of California
The United States District Court for the Central District of California (in case citations, C.D. Cal.; commonly referred to as the CDCA or CACD) is a federal trial court that serves over 19 million people in Southern and Central California, making it the most populous federal judicial district. The district was created on September 18, 1966. Cases from the Central District are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the United States government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
Dessau Zoo
The Dessau Zoo (German: Tierpark Dessau) is a municipally owned zoo in Dessau, Germany which was founded in 1958. It is located in a park that surrounds the former mausoleum of the Dukes of Anhalt.

About 500 animals from 120 species are visited by around 100,000 guests per year.

Most of the animals are of European origin, like wolves, goats and donkeys but the zoo also shows exotic species like kangaroos, llamas and jaguars.

The terrarium is home to Europe's oldest reticulated python, almost 7 meters long.

Donkey
The donkey or ass is a domesticated equine. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus africanus, and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, Equus africanus asinus, or as a separate species, Equus asinus.: 1  It was domesticated in Africa some 5000–7000 years ago,: 2 : 3715  and has been used mainly as a working animal since that time.

There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals. While working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence, small numbers of donkeys or asses are kept for breeding, as pets, and for livestock protection in developed countries.

An adult male donkey is a jack or jackass, an adult female is a jenny or jennet, and an immature donkey of either sex is a foal. Jacks are often mated with female horses (mares) to produce mules; the less common hybrid of a male horse (stallion) and jenny is a hinny.
1998 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1998 UCI Road World Championships was held on Sunday October 11, 1998, in Valkenburg, Netherlands, over a total distance of 258 kilometres (15 laps). There were a total number of 153 starters, with 66 cyclists finishing the race.

Lance Armstrong's fourth-place finish was stripped by USADA in 2012 due to doping.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
Uchimizu
Uchimizu (打ち水) refers to the sprinkling of water in Japanese gardens and streets. It is more than a mere matter of hygiene and has, in temples and gardens, a ritual or contemplative purpose. In streets in summer, it serves to cool the immediate area, keep down dust, and also please neighbors. Japanese people see uchimizu as exemplifying national values as it combines utilitarian, aesthetic, courteous, and dutiful ends .

Traditionally, this was done with a bucket and ladle and the sprinkler would wear a yukata or summer kimono. In its more modern forms, various green groups have used the Internet to encourage people in Japan to do uchimizu with recycled water as a form of environmentally aware public courtesy.

Japanese dry garden
The Japanese dry garden (枯山水, karesansui) or Japanese rock garden, often called a Zen garden, is a distinctive style of Japanese garden.  It creates a miniature stylized landscape through carefully composed arrangements of rocks, water features, moss, pruned trees and bushes, and uses gravel or sand that is raked to represent ripples in water. Zen gardens are commonly found at temples or monasteries. A Zen garden is usually relatively small, surrounded by a wall or buildings, and is usually meant to be seen while seated from a single viewpoint outside the garden, such as the porch of the hojo, the residence of the chief monk of the temple or monastery. Many, with gravel rather than grass, are only stepped into for maintenance.  Classical Zen gardens were created at temples of Zen Buddhism in Kyoto during the Muromachi period. They were intended to imitate the essence of nature, not its actual appearance, and to serve as an aid for meditation.
Larissa MacFarquhar
Larissa MacFarquhar (born 1968) is an American writer known for her profiles in The New Yorker.

She is the daughter of the sinologist Roderick MacFarquhar. She was born in London, and moved to the United States at the age of 16.

MacFarquhar has been a staff writer at The New Yorker since 1998 and has written profiles on Barack Obama, Derek Parfit, Hilary Mantel, Robert Gottlieb, Richard Posner, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Chelsea Manning and Aaron Swartz, among others. Her 2015 book Strangers Drowning: Impossible Idealism, Drastic Choices, and the Urge to Help explores the motivations of people who take altruism to extremes. She is married to the writer Philip Gourevitch.

Hilary Mantel
Dame Hilary Mary Mantel DBE FRSL (/mænˈtɛl/ man-TEL; born Thompson; 6 July 1952 – 22 September 2022) was a British writer whose work includes historical fiction, personal memoirs and short stories. Her first published novel, Every Day Is Mother's Day, was released in 1985. She went on to write 12 novels, two collections of short stories, a memoir, and numerous articles and opinion pieces.

Mantel won the Booker Prize twice: the first was for her 2009 novel Wolf Hall, a fictional account of Thomas Cromwell's rise to power in the court of Henry VIII, and the second was for its 2012 sequel Bring Up the Bodies. The third installment of the Cromwell trilogy, The Mirror & the Light, was longlisted for the same prize. The trilogy has gone on to sell more than 5 million copies.
Kylemore Abbey
Kylemore Abbey (Irish: Mainistir na Coille Móire) is a Benedictine Monastery founded in 1920 on the grounds of Kylemore Castle, in Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. The Abbey was founded for Benedictine nuns who fled Belgium in World War 1. Since 2022, it has belonged to the English Benedictine Congregation. Under The Kylemore Trust, it continues its mission as a Benedictine monastery, holding Kylemore and its spiritual mission, natural and built heritage in trust for the Irish nation. Kylemore Abbey also operates as one of Ireland's leading visitor attractions.

Letterfrack
Letterfrack or Letterfrac (Irish: Leitir Fraic or Leiter Bhreac, meaning 'speckled hill-side or sloping field') is a small village in the Connemara area of County Galway, Ireland. It was founded by Quakers in the mid-19th century. The village is south-east of Renvyle peninsula and 15 kilometres (9 miles) north-east of Clifden on Barnaderg Bay and lies at the head of Ballinakill harbour. Letterfrack contains the visitors centre for Connemara National Park.
Attack on the Moncada Barracks
The Moncada Barracks were military barracks in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba named after General Guillermo Moncada, a hero of the Cuban War of Independence. On 26 July 1953, the barracks was the site of an armed attack by a small group of revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro. That day a simultaneous attack was carried out on the Carlos M. de Cespedes Barracks in Bayamo directed by Raúl Martínez Ararás by order of Castro. The attack failed and the surviving revolutionaries were imprisoned. This armed attack is widely accepted as the beginning of the Cuban Revolution. The date on which the attack took place, 26 July, was adopted by Castro as the name for his revolutionary movement, Movimiento 26 Julio (abbreviated as M-26-7), which eventually toppled the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista on 1 January 1959.

Carlos Manuel de Céspedes
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes del Castillo (18 April 1819 – 27 February 1874) was a Cuban revolutionary hero and First President of Cuba in Arms in 1868. Céspedes, who was a plantation owner in Cuba, freed his slaves and made the declaration of Cuban independence in 1868 which started the Ten Years' War (1868–1878). This was the first of three wars of independence, the third of which, the Cuban War of Independence led to the end of Spanish rule in 1898 and Cuba's independence in 1902.

Because of his actions which led to the eventual independence of Cuba, and the fact that three of his children died during his long fight for independence, he is known there as the "Father of the homeland".
USS Myrmidon
USS Myrmidon (ARL-16) was laid down as a United States Navy LST-542-class tank landing ship but converted to one of 39 Achelous-class repair ships that were used for repairing landing craft during World War II. Named for the Myrmidons (in Greek mythology, warriors of the fierce Thessalian tribe who accompanied King Achilles, their leader, to the Trojan War), she was the only US Naval vessel to bear the name.

Landing craft
Landing craft are small and medium seagoing watercraft, such as boats and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault. The term excludes landing ships, which are larger. Production of landing craft peaked during World War II, with a significant number of different designs produced in large quantities by the United Kingdom and United States.

Because of the need to run up onto a suitable beach, World War II landing craft were flat-bottomed, and many designs had a flat front, often with a lowerable ramp, rather than a normal bow. This made them difficult to control and very uncomfortable in rough seas. The control point (too rudimentary to call a bridge on LCA and similar craft) was normally at the extreme rear of the vessel, as were the engines. In all cases, they were known by an abbreviation derived from the official name rather than by the full title.
Lucas Vázquez
Lucas Vázquez Iglesias (born 1 July 1991) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right-back or winger for Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen.

Starting his career at Real Madrid, Vázquez made his first-team debut in 2015 after a season on loan at Espanyol. He made his La Liga debut with the latter. Since returning to Real Madrid in 2015 he has appeared in more than 400 matches for the club in all competitions and has won 23 major trophies including five Champions Leagues and four La Liga titles. After leaving Real Madrid as a free agent in summer 2025, Vázquez moved to Bundesliga's Bayer Leverkusen.

Vázquez represented Spain at Euro 2016 and the 2018 World Cup.

2016–17 La Liga
The 2016–17 La Liga season, also known as LaLiga Santander for sponsorship reasons, was the 86th since its establishment. The season began on 19 August 2016 and concluded on 21 May 2017.

Real Madrid secured the title following their away victory at Málaga on the final matchday, finishing with 93 points and winning a record-extending 33rd championship, their first since the 2011–12 season. Barcelona finished second, three points behind Real Madrid. Real became only the second side after Barcelona in 2012–13 to score in all 38 games of a La Liga season.
Aeneas Fleeing Troy
Aeneas Fleeing Troy or The Flight From Troy is an oil-on-canvas painting executed  c. 1640–1645 by the Italian Baroque artist Mattia Preti, now in the Galleria nazionale di arte antica in Palazzo Barberini in Rome. It shows Aeneas carrying his father Anchises and being led by his young son Ascanius as told in Book 2 of the Aeneid. It first appears in the written record in an 1824 inventory of Giovanni Torlonia's collections, which misattributed it to Simon Vouet, with later inventories misattributing it to Alessandro Turchi and the correct attribution only restored in 1916 by Roberto Longhi.

Ascanius
Ascanius (/əˈskeɪniəs/; Ancient Greek:  Ἀσκάνιος) was a legendary king of Alba Longa (traditional reign: 1176 BC to 1138 BC) and the son of the Trojan hero Aeneas and of Creusa, daughter of Priam. He is a significant figure in Roman mythology because of his family connections: as the son of the Roman ancestor-figure Aeneas (himself the son of the goddess Venus and the Trojan prince Anchises), and as a forebear of the Roman people. Under his additional name Iulus, he was claimed as the particular ancestor of the gens Iulia, the family of Julius Caesar, and therefore a progenitor of the first line of Roman emperors, the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Some Roman genealogies also make him an ancestor of Romulus and Remus, the founders of the city of Rome itself.

Like his father, Ascanius appears as a major character in Virgil's Aeneid.
Agathis zamunerae
Agathis zamunerae is an extinct species of tree in the genus Agathis from the Early and Middle Eocene rainforest paleofloras of the Ligorio Márquez and Ventana Formations, Patagonia, Argentina. The genus existed roughly from 52.2 to 47.75 million years ego.

Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene).
Madhana
Madhana is a village located in Dhimarkheda Block, Katni, Madhya Pradesh, India. Madhana's old name is madhogarh. It has historical importance as the great warrior allaha and uddal took their father revenge at the age of 12. Madhana came under rule of King kalia who killed Allah/Uddal father when they were just 11/9 year old. Allah killed Kalia at 12 age and he was true warrior of that time. At present Mr Govind Pratap s/o late SHIVRAJ Bahadur is sarpanch of Madhana.

Katni district
Katni district (Hindi pronunciation: [kəʈn̪iː]), also known as Murwara district (Hindi: [mʊɽʋaːɾaː]), is one of the 55 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Katni (Murwara) is the District headquarters. The District is part of Jabalpur Division. The District occupies an area of 4949.59 km2.
Rajiv Gauba
Rajiv Gauba (born 15 August 1959; IAST: Rājīva Gaubā)  is a retired Indian bureaucrat and IAS officer who served as the Cabinet Secretary of India from 30 August 2019 to 30 August 2024. As of March 2025, he serves as a full time member of NITI Aayog, the Indian Government's apex public policy think tank. He served for five years as Cabinet Secretary making him longest serving cabinet secretary in history his tenure as the Cabinet Secretary of India has been extended 4 times by 1 year durations by the Appointment Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) which is chaired by the Prime Minister of India.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is an Indian government ministry. The ministry portfolio is currently held by Bhupender Yadav.

The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas; prevention and control of pollution; Indian Himalayan Environment and its sustainable development; afforestation, and land degradation mitigation. It is responsible for the administration of the national parks of India.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Forest Service (IFS), one of the three All India Services.
Anga, Gotland
Anga is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Anga District, established on 1 January 2016.

Anga is mostly known for the intact graves in Trullhalsar grave field dating from the Vendel Period and the Viking Age.

Registration districts in Sweden
A registration district is, since 1 January 2016, the smallest administrative subdivision for population registration in Sweden (Swedish: folkbokföring), i.e. the civil registration of births, marriages, civil partnerships and deaths, and for the collation of census information.

Geographically, the districts correspond to the parishes of the Church of Sweden of 31 December 1999. About 85% of the old sockens corresponds with the new districts. The civil registration was originally maintained by the Church of Sweden, but since July 1991 it is administered by the Swedish Tax Agency.

The registration district is also used for registration of land ownership by Lantmäteriet, for the reason that owned land was historically named after parish:neighbourhood:number, but in 2000 changed to municipality:neighbourhood:number, which caused confusion with multiple neighbourhood names in the same municipality.
Sheldrake Island
Sheldrake Island (French: l'Île aux Becs-Scies) is an island in New Brunswick, Canada, known for being the site of New Brunswick's first lazaretto. It is located only 8 miles from Chatham, on the Miramichi River.

Chatham, New Brunswick
Chatham (/ˈtʃætəm/) is an urban neighbourhood in the city of Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada.

Prior to municipal amalgamation in 1995, Chatham was an incorporated town in Northumberland County along the south bank of the Miramichi River opposite Douglastown. Since amalgamation, it has been sometimes referred to as Miramichi East.
Wilga (Krakow)
Wilga is a river in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland. The right tributary of the Vistula River, it feeds off in Kraków on Volyn Boulevard.

In the upper reaches of the river there are minnows, chubs and a few brook trouts.

The sources are at 370 metres (1,210 ft) elevation in Raciborsko village, Wieliczka County in the Wieliczka Foothills. The river drains the Wieliczka Foothills and its mains, mainly built of Flysch works. The river is heavily meandering, regulated in Kraków, up to 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) from the estuary protected by levees. Severely polluted, especially on the estuarian section Wilga is classified in the lower grades of water quality.

Right at the mouth of the river is the Retmański Bridge.

Salmo trutta fario
Salmo trutta fario, sometimes called the river trout, is a river-dwelling freshwater predatory fish from the genus Salmo of the family Salmonidae. It is one of the three main subspecies of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), besides sea trout (Salmo trutta trutta) and the lacustrine trout (Salmo trutta lacustris).
One-instruction set computer
A one-instruction set computer (OISC), sometimes referred to as an ultimate reduced instruction set computer (URISC), is an abstract machine that uses only one instruction – obviating the need for a machine language opcode. With a judicious choice for the single instruction and given arbitrarily many resources, an OISC is capable of being a universal computer in the same manner as traditional computers that have multiple instructions.: 55  OISCs have been recommended as aids in teaching computer architecture: 327 : 2  and have been used as computational models in structural computing research. The first carbon nanotube computer is a 1-bit one-instruction set computer (and has only 178 transistors).

Opcode
In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code) is an enumerated value that specifies the operation to be performed. Opcodes are employed in hardware devices such as arithmetic logic units (ALUs), central processing units (CPUs), and software instruction sets. In ALUs, the opcode is directly applied to circuitry via an input signal bus. In contrast, in CPUs, the opcode is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.
Arakshaka
Arakshaka is a 2012 Indian Kannada-language psychological thriller mystery film starring Upendra, Sadha and Ragini Dwivedi in the lead roles. The film is directed by P. Vasu. Krishna Prajwal has produced the film under Udaya Ravi Films. Gurukiran is the music director of the film. Karnataka's former CM and State Janata Dal President, H. D. Kumaraswamy released the audio of the film. The film is loosely inspired by the 2010 Hollywood film Shutter Island.

Upendra has played a psychological role after a brief gap. He had last played such type of roles in his earlier psychological films like A (1998), Upendra (1999) which were directed by himself, and Preethse (2000).

The film was released on 26 January 2012 and opened to positive reviews.

Sadha
Sadaf Mohammed Sayed, known professionally as Sadha, is an Indian actress known for her work in Telugu, Tamil, and Kannada cinema, as well as Telugu television. She made her film debut with the Telugu film Jayam (2002), directed by Teja.
Jim Reynolds (umpire)
James Norris Reynolds IV (born December 22, 1968) is an American former Major League Baseball umpire. He joined the major league staff in 1999 and was promoted to crew chief for the 2020 season. Reynolds wore uniform number 77. He retired following the 2022 season.

New York–Penn League
The New York–Penn League (NYPL) was a Minor League Baseball league that operated in the northeastern United States from 1939 to 2020. Classified as a Class A Short Season league, its season started in June, after major-league teams signed their amateur draft picks to professional contracts, and ended in early September.

In 2019, its last season of operation, the NYPL had 14 teams from eight different states. In addition to New York and Pennsylvania, from which the league drew its name, the NYPL also had clubs in Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont, West Virginia, and Connecticut.

The Brooklyn Cyclones were the last NYPL champions, defeating the Lowell Spinners, two games to one, in 2019. The Oneonta Yankees/Tigers won 12 championships, the most among all teams in the league, followed by the Auburn Mets/Twins/Phillies/Doubledays (8) and Jamestown Falcons/Expos (7).