hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silicases
The silicases are a family of enzymes that catalyze rearrangement of silicon-oxygen bonds and are found in some sea sponges.

The by-product of this reaction is silicic acid.

A zinc atom is held in place by three histidine residues. A fourth position on the zinc extracts a hydroxy group from water.

This reacts with an amorphous fragment of hydrated silica to break off silicic acid and leave zinc attached to the larger silica frament.

Zn-O-H + Si-O-Si(OH)3 → Zn-O-Si + H-O-Si(OH)3

This is then hydrolysed:

Zn-O-Si + H2O → Zn-OH + HO-Si

Silicases are related to a more common enzyme in animals,  carbonic anhydrase. In the human body the carbonic anhydrase most similar to the sponge silicase is type II (CA-II).

Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate
Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP) is a modified resistant starch. It is currently used as a food additive (INS number 1442). It is approved for use in the European Union (listed as E1442), the United States, Australia, Taiwan, and New Zealand.
Jocelyn Read
Jocelyn Samantha Read is a Canadian physicist and professor of physics at California State University, Fullerton, known for her research on gravitational waves and neutron stars. She is a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and is an author of research characterizing the gravitational waves caused by neutron star and black hole collisions, and using the measurements of those waves to provide observational verification of the equations of state of neutron stars.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
Ed Byrne (comedian)
Edward Cathal Byrne (born 16 April 1972) is an Irish actor and comedian. He has presented the British television shows Just for Laughs and Uncut! Best Unseen Ads, has been a guest on numerous television panel games and has appeared on a number of television cooking shows.

Just for Laughs (British TV series)
Just for Laughs is a British silent comedy/hidden camera television show, and the UK adaptation of the Canadian series of the same name, that began in Montreal in late 2000. It was broadcast on Saturday nights on BBC One. It was produced by Wild Rover Productions with Philip Morrow as producer. It started airing in 2003 and ran for five seasons, going off air in 2007.  During its run, it was the only Saturday night entertainment show currently on BBC One to be produced by an independent television company based outside London.

Just for Laughs was filmed all over the United Kingdom, primarily in and around Belfast, Glasgow and Leeds.  The Belfast Botanic Gardens were a common filming location for doing some pranks.

Just for Laughs has a Canadian sister version called Just for Laughs Gags, and the format of the two is identical. Some clips for Just for Laughs are taken directly from Just for Laughs Gags, and vice versa.
Twilight anesthesia
Twilight anesthesia is an anesthetic technique where a mild dose of sedation is applied to induce anxiolysis (anxiety relief), hypnosis, and anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories). The patient is not unconscious, but sedated. During surgery or other medical procedures, the patient is under what is known as a "twilight state", where the patient is relaxed and "sleepy", able to follow simple directions by the doctor, and is responsive.

Generally, twilight anesthesia causes the patient to forget the surgery and the time right after. It is used for a variety of surgical procedures and for various reasons. Like regular anesthesia, twilight anesthesia is designed to help a patient feel more comfortable and to minimize pain associated with the procedure being performed and to allow the medical practitioner to practice without interruptions.

Anterograde amnesia
In neurology, anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after an event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact. This is in contrast to retrograde amnesia, where memories created prior to the event are lost while new memories can still be created. Both can occur together in the same patient. To a large degree, anterograde amnesia remains a mysterious ailment because the precise mechanism of storing memories is not yet well understood, although it is known that the regions of the brain involved are certain sites in the temporal cortex, especially in the hippocampus and nearby subcortical regions.
Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase
Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ecdysone + AH2 + O2  20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H2O

The three substrates of this enzyme are ecdysone, an electron acceptor AH2, and O2, whereas its three products are 20-hydroxyecdysone, the reduction product A, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derive from O miscellaneous. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ecdysone,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating). Like other genes in the ecdysone synthesis pathway, it belongs to Cytochrome P450 Halloween genes, with the nickname shade, other names in common use include alpha-ecdysone C-20 hydroxylase, and ecdysone 20-hydroxylase.

20-Hydroxyecdysone
20-Hydroxyecdysone (ecdysterone or 20E) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods. It is therefore one of the most common moulting hormones in insects, crabs, etc. A phytoecdysteroid produced by and extracted from various plants, including Cyanotis vaga, Ajuga turkestanica and Rhaponticum carthamoides, it is thought to be a plant defense against herbivory that disrupts the reproduction of insect pests. In arthropods, 20-hydroxyecdysone acts through the ecdysone receptor. Although mammals (including humans) lack this receptor, 20-hydroxyecdysone affects mammalian biological systems. 20-Hydroxyecdysone is an ingredient of some supplements that aim to enhance physical performance. In mammals, it is hypothesized to bind to the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) protein.
Buehler Planetarium and Observatory
The Buehler Planetarium and Observatory is a 40-foot in diameter, domed theater. It is located at the A.Hugh Adams central campus of Broward College in Davie, Florida. The planetarium uses the Definiti fulldome video system. It is the only public planetarium in Broward County.

Shows are held on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Admission costs $4 during the week and $6 during the weekend. Admission is free for Broward College students with ID. The observatory patio houses 20 telescopes, which are free to use and are available from 8-10 pm on these three show nights.

Renovation update: Telescope observation nights are currently limited to Wednesday nights, from 7-10 pm, while the planetarium undergoes renovations.

Davie, Florida
Davie is a town in Broward County, Florida, United States, approximately 24 miles (39 km) north of Miami. The town's population was 110,320 at the 2020 census, making it the largest town in Florida by population. Davie is a principal town of the Miami metropolitan area. Horseback riding is common, as many of its historic buildings include ranches and other Western establishments.
Parc du Mont-Comi
Parc du Mont-Comi is an outdoor recreation center situated in St-Donat in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec. In the winter time it is a ski resort, in the summer there is canoe, kayak, horseback riding and hiking and in the fall there are rides in the chairlift and mountain biking on trails maintained by a group of volunteers.

Saint-Donat, Bas-Saint-Laurent
Saint-Donat (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ dɔna]) is a parish municipality in La Mitis Regional County Municipality in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. Its population in the Canada 2021 Census was 835.
Tibouchina aspera
Tibouchina aspera is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Central America and tropical South America. It was first described by Jean Fusée Aublet in 1775. In the original description of the species, it was suggested that the plant was inhaled to treat chest pain and dry coughs.

Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae (/mɛləstoʊmɑːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
Mladen Petrić
Mladen Petrić (Croatian pronunciation: [ˈmladɛn ˈpɛːtrit͡ɕ]; born 1 January 1981) is a retired professional footballer who played as a forward. During his career, he played for Grasshoppers, Basel, Borussia Dortmund, Hamburger SV, Fulham, West Ham United and Panathinaikos. Born in Socialist Bosnia, he represented Switzerland on youth levels internationally before opting for Croatia on senior level.

St. Jakob-Park
St. Jakob-Park (Swiss Standard German: [zaŋkt ˈjaːkɔb ˌpark] ⓘ) is a Swiss sports stadium in Basel. It is the largest football venue in Switzerland and home to FC Basel. "Joggeli", as the venue is nicknamed by the locals, was originally built with a capacity of 33,433 seats. The capacity was increased to 42,500 for Euro 2008, which was hosted by Austria and Switzerland. After the tournament, a number of seats were removed, thus creating more space between them. The capacity was therefore reduced to 38,512 for Swiss Super League matches or 37,500 seats for international matches The maximum capacity for concerts is 40,000.

The stadium is named after the village of St. Jakob an der Birs, which stood on the site. The name "Joggeli" is the diminutive of "Jakob" in the local dialect, making it the equivalent of "Jake".
Christian Schlauri
Christian Schlauri (born 30 March 1985) is a Swiss footballer who plays for FC Frauenfeld. He is a former youth international and was in the Swiss U-17 squad that won the 2002 U-17 European Championships.

Switzerland national under-17 football team
The Switzerland national under-17 football team is the national under-17 football team of Switzerland and is controlled by the Swiss Football Association. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-17 Championship and the FIFA U-17 World Cup. Their biggest success was winning the 2009 Under-17 World Cup in Nigeria.
James Muirhead (swimmer)
James Muirhead (21 September 1953 - 17 October 2021) was a British Paralympic swimmer who won thirteen medals at the Summer Paralympic Games. His Paralympic debut was at the 1976 Summer Paralympics where he won two gold medals and two silvers. Muirhead repeated that feat in Arnhem for the 1980 Games, albeit in different events. He returned from the 1984 Summer Paralympics with a fifth gold, another silver, and three bronze medals.

Muirhead lost his sight at age 17. He qualified and worked as a physiotherapist.

He died of cancer in October 2021. He is still the most decorated Scottish paralympic swimmer of all time.

1976 Summer Paralympics
The 1976 Summer Paralympics (French: Jeux paralympiques d'été de 1976), branded as Torontolympiad – 1976 Olympiad for the Physically Disabled, was the fifth Paralympic Games to be held. They were hosted by Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from 3 to 11 August 1976, marking the first time a Paralympics was held in the Americas and in Canada. The games began two days after the close of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Fiat Grande Panda
The Fiat Grande Panda is a supermini car produced by Fiat since January 2025. It is based on the Smart Car platform shared with the fourth-generation Citroën C3 and Opel Frontera, and will be available as a petrol mild hybrid or as a battery electric vehicle. The Grande Panda will be sold alongside the third-generation Panda, which will continue production in Italy.

B-segment
The B-segment is the second smallest of the European segments for passenger cars between the A-segment and C-segment, and commonly described as "small cars". The B-segment is the third largest segment in Europe by sales volume, accounting for 15.5% percent of total car sales in 2024 according to JATO Dynamics. B-segment cars include hatchback, saloon, estate, coupe/convertible, MPV, and crossover/SUV body styles.

The B-segment is considered as the European equivalent to the subcompact category widely known in North America, the A0-class in China, and the supermini category for B-segment hatchbacks in Great Britain.
Fergus O'Neill
Fergus Patrick O'Neill (born 27 January 2001) is an Australian cricketer who plays domestic cricket for Victoria. He made his List A debut for Victoria against Western Australia in the 2021–22 Marsh One-Day Cup, and his first-class debut in the 2022–23 Sheffield Shield against South Australia. In the 2023–24 Big Bash League season he was signed by the Melbourne Renegades.

Western Australia cricket team
The Western Australian men's cricket team, formerly nicknamed the Western Warriors, represent the Australian state of Western Australia in Australian domestic cricket. The team is selected and supported by the Western Australian Cricket Association (WACA), and plays its home games at the WACA Ground and Perth Stadium in Perth.

The team mainly plays matches against other Australian states in the first-class Sheffield Shield competition and the 50 over One-Day Cup, but occasionally plays matches against touring international sides. Western Australia previously also fielded sides at Twenty20 level, but was replaced by the Perth Scorchers for the inaugural 2011–12 season of the Big Bash League. Western Australia's current captains are Sam Whiteman in the Sheffield Shield and Ashton Turner in the One-Day Cup, and the current coach is Adam Voges.
Espinal (surname)
Espinal is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amaya Espinal (born 1999), Dominican-American nurse, model and contestant of reality show Love Island

Jaime Espinal (born 1984), Puerto Rican sport wrestler

José Espinal (born 1982), Dominican footballer

Luís Espinal Camps (1932–1980), Spanish missionary to Bolivia

Marcos Espinal, Dominican physician

Panya Clark Espinal (born 1965), Canadian sculptor

Rafael Espinal, American politician

Ramón Tapia Espinal (1926–2002), Dominican lawyer and politician

Raynel Espinal (born 1991) Dominican professional baseball player

Santiago Espinal (born 1994), Dominican professional baseball player

Vinicio Espinal (born 1982), Dominican footballer

Marcos Espinal
Marcos Espinal is currently the Director of the Department of Communicable Diseases and Health Analysis at the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization (WHO).  Dr Espinal's portfolio includes several areas of work: neglected, tropical & vector-borne diseases; risk and outbreak communication; HIV, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis & STIs; health information & analysis; water & sanitation, and veterinary public health.
Cazasu
Cazasu is a commune located in Brăila County, Muntenia, Romania. It consists of a single village, also named Cazasu. It was part of the Tudor Vladimirescu Commune until 2003, when it was split off to form a separate commune.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Careston Castle
56°43′30″N 2°45′36″W﻿ / ﻿56.725°N 2.75995°W﻿ / 56.725; -2.75995

Careston Castle, also known as Caraldston Castle, is an L-plan tower house dating from the 16th century, on a 1,528-acre estate, in Careston parish, Angus, Scotland.

It is a category A listed building.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Shareta
Shareta (foaled 8 May 2008) is an Irish-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She was a top-class middle-distance runner who showed her best form on good or firm ground. After finishing second on her only start as a juvenile she won three races including the Prix de Thiberville and Prix Minerve in 2011 and came second in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. She went on to greater success in 2012 when she recorded Group One victories in the Yorkshire Oaks and the Prix Vermeille. She was retired from racing after finishing unplaced on her only start in 2013.

Prix de Malleret
The Prix de Malleret is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at Saint-Cloud over a distance of 2,400 metres (about 1½ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June.
Dongxing Securities
Dongxing Securities Co., Ltd. is a Chinese investment bank and brokerage firm. The firm was a constituent of SSE 50 Index (since 28 November 2016) and CSI 100 Index.

In 2008 China Orient Asset Management spin-off part of their business to form Dongxing Securities. In 2015 Dongxing Securities became a public traded company in Shanghai Stock Exchange.

In 2012, Dongxing Securities submitted its application for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) to the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). The application was approved in May of the same year, but the company was unable to go public due to the suspension of new stock issuances.

On February 26, 2015, Dongxing Securities was officially listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, becoming the first "asset management-based" securities firm to go public on the A-share market.

Dongxing Securities was rated as Class A, maintaining the same rating as in 2020.

SSE 50 Index
SSE 50 Index is the stock index of Shanghai Stock Exchange, representing the top 50 companies by "float-adjusted" capitalization and other criteria. In order to qualify as a constituent of SSE 50 Index, it must be a constituent of SSE 180 Index, thus SSE 50 is a subindex of SSE 180 Index.  SSE 50 Index is also a subset of SSE Composite Index, which included all stock.

SSE 50 was regarded as a blue-chip index of the exchange.
Dom Salvador
Dom Salvador (born Salvador da Silva Filho in 1938) is a Brazilian pianist most notable for his Rio 65 Trio that featured the Brazilian jazz drummer Edison Machado and bassist Sergio Barrozo. His career spanned a wide variety of genres, but he is best known for his role in the emergence of Brazilian soul music and samba funk.

He also did tours of Europe with musicians like Sylvia Telles. In May 1976, he recorded his one and only American jazz album, My Family, for Muse Records in New York City. Over his long career, he has performed with musicians like Rubens Bassini, Jorge Ben, Elza Soares and Elis Regina, to name a few. In later life he formed the a trio

He currently holds residency in Brooklyn, New York, at the River Cafe, and has done so since 1977.

The River Café (Brooklyn)
The River Café is a restaurant located on a former coffee barge in the East River under the Brooklyn Bridge. It has offered its own ferry service from Wall Street. Opened in 1977 by Michael O'Keeffe, who has also owned several other New York City restaurants, it was one of the first fine dining restaurants in the city to promote locally sourced and organic food, American cuisine, and high-end California wines. Heavily damaged due to Hurricane Sandy in fall 2012, it reopened in February 2014.
Frequency illusion
The frequency illusion (also known as the Baader–Meinhof phenomenon) is a cognitive bias in which a person notices a specific concept, word, or product more frequently after recently becoming aware of it.

The name "Baader–Meinhof phenomenon" was coined in 1994 by Terry Mullen in a letter to the St. Paul Pioneer Press. The letter describes how, after mentioning the name of the German militant group Baader–Meinhof once, he kept noticing it. This led to other readers sharing their own experiences of the phenomenon, leading it to gain recognition. It was not until 2005, when Stanford linguistics professor Arnold Zwicky wrote about this effect on his blog, that the name "frequency illusion" was coined.

St. Paul Pioneer Press
The St. Paul Pioneer Press is a newspaper based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It serves the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. Circulation is heaviest in the east metro, including Ramsey, Dakota, and Washington counties, along with western Wisconsin, eastern Minnesota and Anoka County, Minnesota. The paper's main rival is the Star Tribune, based in neighboring Minneapolis. The Pioneer Press is owned by MediaNews Group, controlled by Alden Global Capital. It no longer includes "St. Paul" as part of its name in either its print or online edition, but its owner still lists the paper's name as the St. Paul Pioneer Press and the paper also calls itself the St. Paul Pioneer Press on its Facebook and Twitter pages. Its URL and digital presence is TwinCities.com.