hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erasmia
Erasmia is a suburb in the northern outskirts of Centurion in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. Originally a whites-only area under apartheid, increasing numbers of Indians from neighbouring Laudium moved in, following the abolition of segregation in the early 1990s, and the construction of a direct link road between the two areas. Erasmia lies west of the R55 route. In 2001, 65.72% of the population was Indian, and by 2011, Indians made up 77.03% of the population. The area called Christoburg is for census and other purposes usually treated as part of Erasmia.

City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (Afrikaans: Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane), also known as the City of Tshwane (/tswɑːnɪ/), is the metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of northern Gauteng in South Africa. The metropolitan area is centred on the city of Pretoria with surrounding towns and localities included in the local government area.
Choice B. Randell
Choice Boswell Randell (January 1, 1857 – October 19, 1945) was an American lawyer and politician who served six terms as a U.S. Representative from Texas from 1901 to 1913.

He was the nephew of Lucius Jeremiah Gartrell.

Sherman, Texas
Sherman is a city in and the county seat of Grayson County, Texas, United States. The city's population in 2020 was 43,645. It is one of the two principal cities in the Sherman–Denison metropolitan statistical area, and is the largest city in the Texoma region of North Texas and southern Oklahoma.
Barnabas Daru
Barnabas H. Daru is a Nigerian-American plant ecologist and biogeographer. He is an Assistant Professor of Biology at Stanford University, where he studies global patterns of plant diversity and the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape them. Daru's work has been featured in scientific and popular outlets including the Harvard Gazette, Phys.org, and Earth.com, and his research has been published in journals such as Nature Communications, PNAS, and New Phytologist.

Phys.org
Phys.org is an online science, research and technology news aggregator which re-publishes press releases and stories from news agencies (a business model known as churnalism). In 2012, PhysOrg.com was changed to Phys.org. As of 2014, Phys.org was posting an average of 98 items per day. It is part of the Science X network of websites, headquartered on the Isle of Man.
Neos Aionas Trikomou
Neos Aionas Trikomou (Greek: Νέος Αιώνας Τρικώμου, "New Century Trikomou") was a Cypriot football club based in Trikomo. Founded in 1900, it was played sometimes in Second and sometimes in the Third and Fourth Divisions.

After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus and occupation of the city of Trikomo in 1974, the team was displaced to the southern part of the island, in Limassol. The football team dissolved in 1992 due to financial problems.

Trikomo, Cyprus
Yeni İskele (or Trikomo; Greek: Τρίκωμο; Turkish: İskele) is a town in North-Eastern Mesaoria in Cyprus. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus and is the administrative center of the İskele District of Northern Cyprus. It gained municipality status in 1998.
Optometry Today
Optometry Today is a professional magazine, published bimonthly by the Association of Optometrists in the United Kingdom.

The magazine's content regularly includes; news and features about scientific and technological developments in the optical sector, changes to legislation affecting optometrists and optical professionals, developments in the optical business and retail environment, new product and equipment launches, and reviews.

The printed publication and website also include General Optical Council accredited Continuing Professional and Development articles with linked assessments, which UK optical professionals are required to undertake to maintain their professionally registered status with the General Optical Council.

Subscription to the magazine is included as part of the membership of the Association of Optometrists.

Professional magazine
A professional magazine or professional journal is a periodical published by the governing body of a profession. The standard of quality of such a periodical may be similar to that of a scholarly publication.

A professional journal is said to be one which is "published by the profession and for the profession", which cannot be charged with being dominated by trade, and which "serves a higher and therefore a better use" than a so-called trade journal "by printing in an unbiased way the subject matter".
Virginia State Route 61
State Route 61 (SR 61) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 48.16 miles (77.51 km) from SR 16 in Tazewell east to U.S. Route 460 (US 460) in Narrows.  SR 61 passes through several narrow creek valleys as it parallels the West Virginia state line through Tazewell, Bland, and Giles counties.  The only sizeable community between the highway's endpoints is Rocky Gap, where the highway meets US 52 and Interstate 77 (I-77).

Rocky Gap, Virginia
Rocky Gap is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) that is located in Bland County in the U.S. state of Virginia. In the year of 2016, there was an estimate that there were a total of 511 people living in Rocky Gap. Rocky Gap has one zip code (24366).

The community is connected to neighboring Bluefield, WV by the East River Mountain Tunnel, which carries Interstate 77 beneath East River Mountain. It is in the heart of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians.
11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory
11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory is the ninth studio album by American band Dropkick Murphys, released January 6, 2017 on their Born & Bred Records label. The band's first studio release in four years, the album made its debut at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 200 chart, the band's second highest album debut (after Going Out in Style debuted at number 6).

Ken Casey
Kenneth William Casey Jr. (born April 15, 1969) is an American musician who is the primary songwriter, one of the lead singers and bassist of the Boston Celtic punk group the Dropkick Murphys. Casey was one of the original members, starting the band in 1996 with guitarist Rick Barton and singer Mike McColgan. He is the only original member of the Dropkick Murphys left in the band, though drummer Matt Kelly joined shortly after formation in 1997.

Casey is known for his melodic vocal parts and solid punk rock bass playing. For the People, the Dropkick Murphys thirteenth and most recent album, was released in 2025. Casey also founded the charity group The Claddagh Fund, owns two Boston restaurants, McGreevy's (which closed in August 2020) and Yellow Door Taqueria, and runs his own boxing promotion called Murphys Boxing. Casey has a small role in the 2016 film Patriots Day, about the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing and the subsequent terrorist manhunt.
Galtha
Galtha is a 2020 Tamil-language political thriller directed by S. Hari Uthraa. The film  stars Sivanishanth, Ayra, and Antony, and is based on several true incidents of illegal dumping of medical waste and other hazardous waste form neighboring states such as Kerala on Tamilnadu border districts such as Puliyarai and Valliyoor in Tirunelveli district and border villages of Coimbatore.

Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is waste that must be handled properly to avoid damaging human health or the environment. Waste can be hazardous because it is toxic, reacts violently with other chemicals, or is corrosive, among other traits. As of 2022, humanity produces 300–500 million metric tons of hazardous waste annually. Some common examples are electronics, batteries, and paints. An important aspect of managing hazardous waste is safe disposal. Hazardous waste can be stored in hazardous waste landfills, burned, or recycled into something new. Managing hazardous waste is important to achieve worldwide sustainability. Hazardous waste is regulated on national scale by national governments as well as on an international scale by the United Nations (UN) and international treaties. A controlled waste is subject to legislative control in its handling or its disposal.
Andy Cave
Andy Cave (born 1966) is a British mountaineer, mountain guide, and motivational speaker. He was nominated for the Piolet d'Or for his first ascent of the North Face of Changabang in 1997, and won the Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature in 2005.

Mountain guide
A mountain guide is a specially trained and experienced professional mountaineer who is certified by local authorities or mountain guide associations. They are considered to be high-level experts in mountaineering, and are hired to instruct or lead individuals or small groups who require this advanced expertise. This professional class of guides arose in the middle of the 19th century when alpine climbing became recognized as a sport.
Le360
Le360 is a prominent Moroccan digital news platform established in 2013. Based in Casablanca, it publishes content in both French and Arabic. While it is one of the most visited news outlets in Morocco, it has been described by international media as a "defamation" outlet aligned with the state's security services.

TelQuel
TelQuel (French: As it is; slogan: Morocco as it is) is a French-language weekly news magazine published in Morocco. Founded in 2001, it covers political, economic, social, and cultural affairs.

TelQuel is generally regarded as one of the country's more independent media outlets, known for its critical reporting. The magazine is also recognized for its secular perspective, opposition to Islamist ideologies, and support for religious and individual freedoms.

The magazine is owned by the Hariry family, and its headquarters are based in Casablanca.
Osaka Maritime Museum
The Osaka Maritime Museum (なにわの海の時空館, Naniwa no Umi no Jikūkan) was a maritime museum in Osaka, Japan. It was opened by the Mayor of Osaka City on 14 July 2000 having started on site in March 1998. Designed by architect Paul Andreu with engineering design by Arup and Tohata. the museum was built on reclaimed land in the Bay of Osaka at a cost of 12.8bn yen, with a replica Edo period trading ship, the Naniwa Maru as its centrepiece. The requirement of the dome to resist seismic, wave, and wind loads and its successful completion, led to the building winning a Structural Special Award in 2002 from the Institution of Structural Engineers, UK.

The museum was closed on 10 March 2013 because of financial problems, and because the number of visitors had greatly reduced after the museum's initial popularity.

Arup Group
Arup, officially Arup Group Limited, is a British multinational professional services firm headquartered in London that provides design, engineering, architecture, planning, and advisory services across every aspect of the built environment. It employs about 17,000 people in over 90 offices across 35 countries, and has participated in projects in over 160 countries.

Arup was established in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup as Ove N. Arup Consulting Engineers. Through its involvement in high-profile projects such as the Sydney Opera House, it became well known for undertaking complex and challenging projects. In 1970, Arup stepped down from actively leading the company, setting out the principles which have continued to guide its operation.

Arup's ownership is structured as a trust whose beneficiaries are its employees, past and present, who receive a share of its operating profit each year.
Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek
Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek, also known as Ozbeg ibn Muhammad Pahlawan (died 1225) was the fifth and last ruler (atabeg) of the Eldiguzids from 1210 to 1225, during the later Seljuk and Khwarazmian periods. He was married to Malika Khatun, daughter of Toghrul III, the last sultan of the Seljuk Empire.

Sulafa Khatun
Sulafa Khatun (d. after 1225), was the ruling atabeg of Maragha between 1209-1225. She was the last member of the Ahmadilis dynasty and its only female ruler.

Sulafa Khatun succeeded Arslan-Aba II in 1209. It was uncommon and controversial for a woman to become a ruler in an Islamic state, whether as a monarch or as regent. Ibn al-Athir quoted Muhammad saying "No people will succeed if they have a woman as their ruler."

She was married to atabeg Korp Arslan and had a son with him, who died in 1208. She remarried the Eldiguzids Prince Ozberg. In 1220, the Mongols invaded Caucasus, and laid siege to Maragha in April 1221. Sulafa Khatun was besieged in the citatel of Ru'in Diz, which she successfully defended against the Mongols.

In 1225, she was defeated by Jalal al-Din Mangburni. She divorced her spouse Ozberg, was obliged to marry Jalal al-Din Mangburni and abdicated her power to him, thus ending the Maragha state.
Delta Express
Delta Express was a no-frills "airline within an airline" brand owned and operated by Delta Air Lines from 1996 to 2003. The airline was headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.

Delta Express was based out of Orlando International Airport, and focused on leisure routes between Florida and the northeast United States, as well as certain parts of the Midwest. It primarily competed with low-cost brands such as Continental Lite and US Airways' MetroJet, and low-cost carriers such as Southwest Airlines and in the first years of its operation, JetBlue Airways.

The Delta Express aircraft fleet only consisted of the Boeing 737-200, in an all coach class configuration. No in-flight entertainment or meal service was offered.

In 2003, Delta Express was replaced by Song, a new low-fare brand that Delta introduced, which has since also been dismantled.

Airline meal
An airline meal, airline food, or in-flight meal is a meal served to passengers on board a commercial airliner. These meals are prepared by specialist airline catering services and are normally served to passengers using an airline service trolley.

These meals vary widely in quality and quantity across different airline companies and classes of travel. They range from a simple snack or beverage in short-haul economy class to a seven-course gourmet meal in a first class long-haul flight. The types of food offered also vary widely from country to country, and often incorporate elements of local cuisine, sometimes both from the origin and destination countries. When ticket prices were regulated in the American domestic market, food was the primary means by which airlines differentiated themselves.
Science Friction (book)
Science Friction: Where the Known Meets the Unknown is a 2004 book by Michael Shermer, a historian of science and founder of The Skeptics Society. It contains thirteen essays about "personal barriers and biases that plague and propel science, especially when scientists push against the unknown. What do we know, and what do we not know?" These include an essay relating the author's experience of a day spent learning cold reading techniques well enough to be accepted as a psychic. As well as covering skepticism and pseudoscience, Shermer discusses other topics touching on the subject of encouraging scientific thought, such as sport psychology and the writings of Stephen Jay Gould. Shermer attributes the founding of the skeptical movement to Martin Gardner's 1950 article "The Hermit Scientist" in the Antioch Review.

The Antioch Review
The Antioch Review is an American literary magazine established in 1941 at Antioch College in Ohio. The magazine was published on a quarterly basis. One of the oldest continuously published literary magazines in the United States prior to it being put on hiatus by the college in 2020, it published fiction, essays, and poetry from both emerging and established authors.
Mättlenstöck
The Mättlenstöck (2,808 m [9,213 ft]) is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located between Linthal and Elm in the canton of Glarus, Switzerland. It lies north of the Hausstock, on the range separating the two main valleys of the canton: the main Linth valley on the west and the Sernftal on the east.

Linth
The Linth (pronounced [ˈlɪnt] "lint") is a Swiss river that rises near the village of Linthal in the mountains of the canton of Glarus, and eventually flows into the Obersee section of Lake Zurich. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) in length.

The water power of the Linth was a main factor in the creation of the textile industry of the canton Glarus, and is today used to drive the Linth–Limmern power stations in its upper reaches.

The river and its upper valley forms the boundary between the mountain ranges of the Glarus Alps, to its east and south, and the Schwyzer Alps, to its west. In its lower part, in the Linth plain (Linthebene), the Linth Canal forms the boundary between the cantons of Glarus and St. Gallen and part of the boundary between the cantons of St. Gallen and Schwyz.

The river lends its name to the former canton of Linth (1798–1803).
Chess at the 2022 Asian Games
The chess event at the 2022 Asian Games was held in Hangzhou Chess Academy (Hangzhou Qiyuan Chess Hall), Hangzhou, China, from 24 September to 7 October 2023.

China won gold medals in three of the four events (men's individual rapid, women's individual rapid and women's team), while Iran won gold in the men's team event. India won silver in both team events while competitors from Uzbekistan won silver in both rapid events.

2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
Portland Magazine
Portland Monthly, also known as Portland Magazine and Portland Monthly Magazine,  is a monthly magazine based in Maine.

Founded in 1985 by Colin Sargent, it has published writings by Louis Simpson, Frederick Barthelme, Jason Brown, C. D. B. Bryan, Brian Daly, Tess Gerritsen, Ann Hood, Sebastian Junger, Barbara Lefcowitz, Rick Moody, and Janwillem van de Wetering.

Sebastian Junger
Sebastian Junger (born January 17, 1962) is an American journalist, author and filmmaker who has reported in-the-field on dirty, dangerous and demanding occupations and the experience of infantry combat. He is the author of The Perfect Storm: A True Story of Men Against the Sea (1997) which was adapted into a major motion picture and led to a resurgence in adventure creative nonfiction writing. He covered the War in Afghanistan for more than a decade, often embedded in dangerous and remote military outposts.  The book War (2010) was drawn from his field reporting for Vanity Fair, that also served as the background for the documentary film Restrepo (2010) which received the Grand Jury Prize for best documentary at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. Junger's works explore themes such as brotherhood, trauma, and the relationship of the individual to society as told from the far reaches of human experience.
Salisbury East, South Australia
Salisbury East (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee) is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, located 20 kilometres north of the Adelaide CBD. The residential part of the suburb is in the local government area (LGA) of the City of Salisbury, however the eastern part of the Cobbler Creek Recreation Park is in the boundaries of the City of Tea Tree Gully.

City of Tea Tree Gully
The City of Tea Tree Gully is a local council in the Australian state of South Australia, in the outer north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The major business district in the city is at Modbury, where Westfield Tea Tree Plaza, Modbury Hospital, the Civic Centre and the library are located.

Howard, Lord Florey, Australian pathologist and co-discoverer of penicillin, was a resident of the City of Tea Tree Gully.
The Good Die Young
The Good Die Young is a 1954 British crime film directed by Lewis Gilbert and starring Laurence Harvey, Gloria Grahame, Joan Collins, Stanley Baker, Richard Basehart and John Ireland. It was made by Remus Films from a screenplay by Vernon Harris and Gilbert based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Richard Macaulay. It tells the story of four men in London with no criminal past whose marriages and finances are collapsing and, meeting in a pub, are tempted to redeem their situations by a robbery.

Lewis Gilbert
Lewis Gilbert CBE (6 March 1920 – 23 February 2018) was an English film director, producer and screenwriter who directed more than 40 films during six decades; among them such varied titles as Cast a Dark Shadow (1955), Reach for the Sky (1956), Carve Her Name with Pride (1958), Sink the Bismarck! (1960), Alfie (1966), Educating Rita (1983) and Shirley Valentine (1989), as well as three James Bond films: You Only Live Twice (1967), The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Moonraker (1979).
Bellator MMA x Rizin 2
Bellator MMA x Rizin 2 and Super Rizin 2 was a mixed martial arts event being co-promoted by Bellator MMA and the Rizin Fighting Federation that took place on July 30, 2023, at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Dinitrogen pentoxide
Dinitrogen pentoxide (also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that contain only nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless crystals that sublime slightly above room temperature, yielding a colorless gas.

Dinitrogen pentoxide is an unstable and potentially dangerous oxidizer that once was used as a reagent when dissolved in chloroform for nitrations but has largely been superseded by nitronium tetrafluoroborate (NO2BF4).

N2O5 is a rare example of a compound that adopts two structures depending on the conditions. The solid is a salt, nitronium nitrate, consisting of separate nitronium cations [NO2]+ and nitrate anions [NO3]−; but in the gas phase and under some other conditions it is a covalently-bound molecule.

Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC), is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl4. It is a volatile, non-flammable, dense, colourless liquid with a chloroform-like sweet odour that can be detected at low levels. It was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerants, an anthelmintic and a cleaning agent, but has since been phased out because of environmental and safety concerns. Exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride can affect the central nervous system and degenerate the liver and kidneys. Prolonged exposure can be fatal.