hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guang Ming Daily (Malaysia)
Guang Ming Daily (simplified Chinese: 光明日报; traditional Chinese: 光明日報; pinyin: Guāngmíng Rìbào) is the third-largest circulation Chinese-language newspaper published in Malaysia. Formerly known as Sin Pin Jit Poh or Sin Pin Daily (Chinese: 星檳日報; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Seng-pin Ji̍t-pò), it was founded by Aw Boon Haw.

Sin Pin Daily was headquartered in Penang. It stopped publishing in 1986 after major changes in management, and the former staff started the Guang Ming Daily in December 1987 with help from Lim Keng Yaik.

In 1992, the Rimbunan Hijau Group bought Guang Ming Daily — making it a sister company of Sin Chew Daily, which was also founded by Aw. As of 2024, both publications are currently owned by Media Chinese International Limited, which also publishes Nanyang Siang Pau, China Press and Ming Pao.

Lim Keng Yaik
Lim Keng Yaik (Chinese: 林敬益; pinyin: Lín Jìngyì; Jyutping: Lam4 Ging3 Jik1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Kèng-ek; 8 April 1939 – 22 December 2012) was a Malaysian politician and former Minister of Energy, Water and Communications in the Malaysian cabinet. He was the third president of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan) from 1980 until stepping down on 8 April 2007 to pave the way for Tan Sri Koh Tsu Koon. Just before his death, he was among the only four living Chinese with Tunship holders in Malaysia.
Harney Basin
The Harney Basin is an endorheic basin in southeastern Oregon in the United States at the northwestern corner of the Great Basin. One of the least populated areas of the contiguous United States, it is located largely in northern Harney County, bounded on the north and east by the Columbia Plateau—within which it is contained, physiographically speaking—and on the south and west by a volcanic plain. The basin encompasses an area of 1,490 square miles (3,859 km2) in the watershed of Malheur Lake and Harney Lake. Malheur Lake is a freshwater lake, while Harney Lake is saline-alkaline.

The basin is bounded on the north by the southern end of the Blue Mountains. The ridge of Steens Mountain separates the basin from the watershed of the Alvord Desert to the southeast. No streams cross the volcanic plains that separate the basin from the watershed of the Klamath River to the southwest.  The basin includes archeological sites of the Drewsey Resource Area.

Harney Lake
Harney Lake is a shallow alkali lake basin located in southeast Oregon, United States, approximately 30 miles (48 km) south of the city of Burns. The lake lies within the boundary of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge and is the lowest point in the Blitzen Valley drainage.
PUP (album)
PUP is the debut album by Canadian punk rock band PUP. While this is the first album under the PUP name, they released an album called Oceans under the name Topanga previously. This album has some tracks from the previous album. The album was recorded with the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Department of Canadian Heritage (Canada Music Fund) and Canada's Private Radio Broadcasters. PUP was released on October 8, 2013 through Royal Mountain Records in Canada and later re-released on April 8, 2014, through SideOneDummy Records.

Royal Mountain Records
Royal Mountain Records is a Canadian independent record label and artist-management company, based in Toronto, Canada. The Royal Mountain roster currently consists of more than 30 active artists including Alvvays, Mac DeMarco, and U.S. Girls. Their alumni include PUP, Orville Peck and White Reaper.
Bdellidae
Bdellidae is a family of snout mites in the order Trombidiformes. There are about 11 genera and at least 260 described species in Bdellidae.

In terms of size, they are medium to large-sized predatory mites. They are known to inhabit soil, leaves, as well as intertidal rocks. They can be easily recognized by their elongated, snout-like gnathosoma pedipalps bearing two (one in Monotrichobdella) long terminal setae.

Gnathosoma
The gnathosoma (from Greek γνάθος, gnáthos = "jaw" and σώμα, sóma = "body") is the part of the body of the Acari (mites and ticks) comprising the mouth and feeding parts. These are the hypostome, the chelicerae and the pedipalps. It is also called the capitulum (however, this word also has other meanings). It is separated from the main body of the animal (the idiosoma) by a flexible section of the cuticle called the circumcapitular furrow or circumcapitular suture.
Colonel Gore's Second Case
Colonel Gore’s Second Case is a 1925  detective novel by the Irish writer Lynn Brock. It was the second in his series of seven novels featuring the character of Colonel Wyckham Gore. Gore enjoyed popularity during the early stages of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. After solving his first case Gore now establishes his own detective agency.

Detective
A detective is an investigator, usually a member of a law enforcement agency. They often collect information to solve crimes by talking to witnesses and informants, collecting physical evidence, or searching records in databases. This leads them to arrest criminals and enable them to be convicted in court. A detective may work for the police or privately.
Tom Brown's Schooldays (film)
The Thomas Hughes novel Tom Brown's School Days has inspired several film and television adaptations:

Tom Brown's Schooldays (1916 film)

Tom Brown's School Days (1940 film)

Tom Brown's Schooldays (1951 film)

Tom Brown's Schooldays (1971 TV miniseries)

Tom Brown's Schooldays (2005 TV film)

Tom Brown's Schooldays (1951 film)
Tom Brown's Schooldays is a 1951 British drama film, directed by Gordon Parry, produced by Brian Desmond Hurst, and starring John Howard Davies, Robert Newton, John Charlesworth and James Hayter. It is based on the 1857 novel of the same name by Thomas Hughes.
Chruścińskie
Chruścińskie [xruɕˈt͡ɕiɲskʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiełczygłów, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Kiełczygłów, 6 km (4 mi) north of Pajęczno, and 72 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pajęczno County
Pajęczno County (Polish: powiat pajęczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pajęczno, which lies 78 kilometres (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Działoszyn, lying 10 km (6 mi) west of Pajęczno.

The county covers an area of 804.14 square kilometres (310.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 53,395, out of which the population of Pajęczno is 6,674, that of Działoszyn is 6,276, and the rural population is 40,445.
Propiolaldehyde
Propiolaldehyde is an organic compound with molecular formula HC2CHO. It is the simplest chemical compound containing both alkyne and aldehyde functional groups.  It is a colorless liquid with explosive properties.

Acrolein
Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde. It is a colorless liquid with a foul and acrid aroma. The smell of burnt fat (as when cooking oil is heated to its smoke point) is caused by glycerol in the burning fat breaking down into acrolein. It is produced industrially from propene and mainly used as a biocide and a building block to other chemical compounds, such as the amino acid methionine.
Knowledge gap hypothesis
The knowledge gap hypothesis is a mass communication theory created by Philip J. Tichenor, George A. Donohue, and Clarice. N Olien in 1970. The theory is based on how a member of society processes information from mass media differently based on education level and socioeconomic status (SES). Since there is already a pre-existing gap in knowledge between groups in a population, mass media amplifies this gap to another level. The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis overviews and covers theoretical concepts that the hypothesis builds upon, historical background, operationalization and the means by which the hypothesis is measured, narrative review, meta-analytic support that draws data from multiple studies, new communication technologies that have affected the hypothesis, as well as the idea of Digital Divide, and the existing critiques and scholarly debates surrounding the hypothesis.

Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis is a method of synthesis of quantitative data from multiple independent studies addressing a common research question. An important part of this method involves computing a combined effect size across all of the studies. As such, this statistical approach involves extracting effect sizes and variance measures from various studies. By combining these effect sizes the statistical power is improved and can resolve uncertainties or discrepancies found in individual studies. Meta-analyses are integral in supporting research grant proposals, shaping treatment guidelines, and influencing health policies. They are also pivotal in summarizing existing research to guide future studies, thereby cementing their role as a fundamental methodology in metascience. Meta-analyses are often, but not always, important components of a systematic review.
Spanish object pronouns
Spanish object pronouns are Spanish personal pronouns that take the function of the object in the sentence. Object pronouns may be both clitic and non-clitic, with non-clitic forms carrying greater emphasis.  When used as clitics, object pronouns are generally proclitic, i.e. they appear before the verb of which they are the object; enclitic pronouns (i.e. pronouns attached to the end of the verb) appear with positive imperatives, infinitives, and gerunds.  Non-clitic forms, by contrast, can appear anywhere in the sentence but can only rarely be used without their clitic counterparts.  When used together, clitic pronouns cluster in specific orders based primarily on person, and clitic doubling is often found as well.  In many dialects in Central Spain, including that of Madrid, there exists the phenomenon of leísmo, which is using the indirect object pronoun le as the direct object pronoun where most other dialects would use lo (masculine) or la (feminine).

Imperative mood
The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.

The imperative mood is used to demand or require that an action be performed. It is usually found only in the present tense, second person.  They are sometimes called directives, as they include a feature that encodes directive force, and another feature that encodes modality of unrealized interpretation.

An example of a verb used in the imperative mood is the English phrase "Go." Such imperatives imply a second-person subject (you), but some other languages also have first- and third-person imperatives, with the meaning of "let's (do something)" or "let them (do something)" (the forms may alternatively be called hortative and jussive).

Imperative mood can be denoted by the glossing abbreviation IMP. It is one of the irrealis moods.
Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act
The Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act is a proposed United States law that would penalize health-care practitioners who fail to provide care for an infant that is born-alive from an abortion attempt. It was introduced in the 114th, 115th, 116th, 117th, 118th, and 119th Congresses.

Born alive rule
The born alive rule is a common law legal principle that holds that various criminal laws, such as homicide and assault, apply only to a child that is "born alive". U.S. courts have overturned this rule, citing recent advances in science and medicine, and in several states feticide statutes have been explicitly framed or amended to include fetuses in utero. Abortion in Canada is still governed by the born alive rule, as courts continue to hold to its foundational principles. In 1996, the Law Lords confirmed that the rule applied in English law but that alternative charges existed in lieu, such as a charge of unlawful or negligent manslaughter instead of murder.
Hazel Walford Davies
Hazel Walford Davies (1940 – 21 November 2025) was a Welsh academic and writer. She was a lecturer at Aberystwyth University, where she became a professor, and was chair of the management board of the Centre for Higher Education from 2006 to 2011, which led to the creation of the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol. She was visiting professor of Literary, Cultural and Theatre Studies, University of South Wales.

University of South Wales
The University of South Wales (USW; Welsh: Prifysgol De Cymru) is a public university in Wales, with campuses in Cardiff, Newport and Pontypridd. It was formed on 11 April 2013 from the merger of the University of Glamorgan and the University of Wales, Newport. The university is the second largest university in Wales in terms of its student numbers, and offers over 300 undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The university has three main faculties across its campuses in South Wales.
Ulf Grenander
Ulf Grenander (23 July 1923 – 12 May 2016) was a Swedish statistician and professor of applied mathematics at Brown University.

His early research was in probability theory, stochastic processes, time series analysis, and statistical theory (particularly the order-constrained estimation of cumulative distribution functions using his sieve estimator). In recent decades, Grenander contributed to computational statistics, image processing, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence. He coined the term pattern theory to distinguish from pattern recognition.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
UTA Flight 772
UTA Flight 772 was a scheduled international passenger flight of the French airline Union de Transports Aériens (UTA) operating from Brazzaville in the People's Republic of the Congo, via N'Djamena in Chad, to Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris, France. on 19 September 1989, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 operated the flight crashed into the Ténéré desert near Bilma, Niger, killing all 170 people on board after an in-flight explosion caused by a suitcase bomb. It is the deadliest aviation incident to occur in Niger.

Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Howard J. Lamade Stadium (pronounced "LAM-a-dee") is a baseball stadium in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania.  Each year, along with Little League Volunteer Stadium, it hosts the Little League World Series. The playing field is two-thirds the size of a professional baseball field, with 60-foot (18.3 m) basepaths, a 46-foot (14 m) mound, and after modification in 2006, outfield fences at 225 ft (68.6 m), forming one-fourth of a true circle. Much of the capacity of the stadium is bench seating, while large berms surrounding the stadium provide additional seating allowing over 40,000 spectators.

Berm
A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating areas in a vertical way, especially partway up a long slope. It can serve as a terrace road, track, path, a fortification line, a border/separation barrier for navigation, good drainage, industry, or other purposes. It can also be used on hunting property. For general applications, a berm is a physical, stationary barrier of some kind.

The word is from Middle Dutch and came into usage in English via French. In coastal geography, a berm is a bank of sand or gravel ridge parallel to the shoreline and a few tens of centimetres high, created by wave action throwing material beyond the average level of the sea. Berms are also used as a method of environmental spill containment and liquid spill control.
Holme Bay
Holme Bay is a bay in Antarctica in Mac. Robertson Land, 22 miles (35 km) wide, containing many islands, indenting the coast 5 miles (8 km) north of the Framnes Mountains. Holme Bay is largely snow-free and was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition in January-February 1937, and named Holmevika because of its island-studded character (holme means "islet" in Norwegian) .

Mac. Robertson Land
Mac. Robertson Land is the portion of Antarctica lying southward of the coast between William Scoresby Bay and Cape Darnley. It is located at 70°00′S 65°00′E﻿ / ﻿70.000°S 65.000°E﻿ / -70.000; 65.000. In the east, Mac. Robertson Land includes the Prince Charles Mountains. It was named by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) (1929–1931), under Sir Douglas Mawson, after Sir Macpherson Robertson of Melbourne, a patron of the expedition.

From 1965 onward, members of the SAE (Soviet Antarctic Expeditions) began undertaking geological fieldwork in the Prince Charles Mountains, eventually establishing a base, Soyuz Station, on the eastern shore of Beaver Lake in the northern Prince Charles Mountains.
Stephanotis floribunda
Stephanotis floribunda syn. S. jasminoides, the Madagascar jasmine, waxflower, Hawaiian wedding flower, or bride's flower is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to Madagascar. It is a twining, sparsely branched liana that can measure up to 6 m in length.

Despite its common name, the species is not a "true jasmine" and not of the genus Jasminum.

Liana
A liana (/liˈænə/ lee-ANN-ə, also /-ɑːnə/ -⁠AH-nə) is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth—much like tree or shrub. It comes from standard French liane, itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning 'to sheave'.
Jeffrey C. Wynn
Jeffrey C. Wynn is a research geophysicist with the United States Geological Survey (USGS).  He is currently based in the Cascades Volcano Observatory in Vancouver, WA, one of the five USGS volcano observatories in the United States
.

Vancouver, Washington
Vancouver (/væn.ˈkuː.vər/ ⓘ van-KOO-vər) is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States, located on the north bank of the Columbia River. It had a population of 190,915 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth-most populous city in Washington. Founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1857, the city was originally established around Fort Vancouver, a fur trading outpost, and is situated directly north of Portland, Oregon, along the Washington–Oregon state line. Vancouver serves as the county seat of Clark County and is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
Eicosatrienoic acid
Eicosatrienoic acid (or icosatrienoic acid) denotes any straight chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that contains 20 carbons and 3 double bonds.
Examples important in biology, pharmacy or physiology:

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoic acid

Mead acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosatrienoic acid

Sciadonic acid, (5Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoic acid

Mead acid
Mead acid is an omega-9 fatty acid, first characterized by James F. Mead. As with some other omega-9 polyunsaturated fatty acids, animals can make Mead acid de novo. Its elevated presence in the blood is an indication of essential fatty acid deficiency. Mead acid is found in large quantities in cartilage.
Protein footprinting
Protein footprinting is a term used to refer to a method of biochemical analysis that investigates protein structure, assembly, and interactions within a larger macromolecular assembly. It was originally coined in reference to the use of limited proteolysis to investigate contact sites within a monoclonal antibody - protein antigen complex and a year later to examine the protection from hydroxyl radical cleavage conferred by a protein bound to DNA within a DNA-protein complex. In DNA footprinting the protein is envisioned to make an imprint (or footprint) at a particular point of interaction. This latter method was adapted through the direct treatment of proteins and their complexes with hydroxyl radicals and can be generally denoted RP-MS (for Radical Probe - Mass Spectrometry) akin to the designation used for Hydrogen-deuterium exchange Mass Spectrometry (denoted HD-MS or HX-MS).

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Dalit
Dalit (English: /ˈdælɪt/, Hindi: [d̪əlɪt̪] from Sanskrit: दलित meaning "broken/scattered"), also called Harijans (Hindi: [ɦəɾɪdʒən]) is a term used for untouchables and outcasts, who represent the lowest stratum of the castes in the Indian subcontinent. Dalits were excluded from the fourfold varna of the caste hierarchy in Hinduism and were seen as forming a fifth varna, also known by the name of Panchama.

Several scholars have drawn parallels between Dalits and the Burakumin of Japan, the Baekjeong of Korea and the peasant class of the medieval European feudal system. 
Dalits predominantly follow Hinduism with significant populations following Buddhism, Sikhism, Christianity, and Islam. The constitution of India includes Dalits as one of the Scheduled Castes; this gives Dalits the right to protection, affirmative action (known as reservation in India), and official development resources.

Mahar
Mahar is an Indian caste found largely in the state of Maharashtra and neighbouring areas. As of 2017 the Mahar caste is designated as a Scheduled Caste in 16 Indian states.
Most of the Mahar community followed B. R. Ambedkar in converting to Buddhism in the middle of the 20th century. This was in response to the injustices of the caste system practiced within Brahmanism.