hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of Earth
The flag of Earth is a concept of a possible flag design meant to symbolize the planet Earth, humankind, or a possible world government. Various proposals have been made for a potential Earth Flag, with each flag symbolising a unique feature about the Earth or mankind.

Garry Davis
Sol Gareth "Garry" Davis (27 July 1921 – 24 July 2013) was an international peace activist best known for renouncing his American citizenship and interrupting the United Nations in 1948 to advocate for world government as a way to end nationalistic wars.

Davis renounced his citizenship of the United States in May 1948 at the American Embassy in Paris, France, declaring himself instead a citizen of the world.

Davis, a World Federalist, founded the non-profit World Service Authority in 1953 to educate and promote World government. The World Service Authority issues "world government documents", such as the World Passport, a fantasy travel document based on his interpretation of Article 13(2), Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the concept of world citizenship. Previously, Davis had worked as a Broadway stage actor and understudy for Danny Kaye.  He served as an American bomber pilot in World War II.
U-S-A!
"U-S-A!" is a chant of the United States of America's initials, popular in expressing American pride. It is often used at political demonstrations, sports events, holiday celebrations such as Independence Day, and other community events both in the United States and overseas among American diaspora and tourists. First documented in 1918 at a Bethlehem Steel plant in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, the chant is perceived as both a powerful display of American unity and love of the country.

Lebanon, Pennsylvania
Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ən-ən; Pennsylvania German: Lebnen [ˈlɛbnən]) is a city in and the county seat of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 26,814 at the 2020 census.

Lebanon was founded by George Steitz in 1740 and was originally named Steitztown.

Lebanon is located 61 miles (98 km) southwest of Allentown, 26 miles (42 km) east of Harrisburg, and 88 miles (142 km) northwest of Philadelphia.
William James Thomson
William James Thomson was a Canadian artist and engraver, best known for the images he recorded of Toronto.  Some of those structures are only known from his paintings, drawings, and engravings.

From 1889-1893 Thomson worked as an engraver for the Toronto Globe.  The Archives of Ontario curates a collection of over 900 of his Globe engravings.

Thomson became the first President of the Society of Canadian Painter-Etchers and Engravers, in 1916.

Thomson was born in Guelph, Ontario. He attended the Ontario College of Art, where his instructors included John Arthur Fraser.

Thomson's patrons included Sir Byron Edmund Walker and James Mavor.

He was a founding member of the Ontario Archeological Association, precursor of the Ontario Archaeological Society.

John Arthur Fraser
John Arthur Fraser (also known as John A. Fraser and J. A. Fraser) RCA (9 January 1838 – 1 January 1898) was an English artist, photography entrepreneur and teacher. He undertook various paintings for the Canadian Pacific Railway. He is known for his highly realistic landscapes of Canada and the United States, many of them watercolor paintings.
Laurens Meintjes
Laurens Meintjes (9 June 1868 – 30 March 1941) was a South African track cyclist and winner of the inaugural stayers contest at the 1893 ICA Track Cycling World Championships in Chicago. This victory made him the first African to win a world championship. Meintjes was born in Aberdeen and died in Potgietersrust.

Aberdeen, South Africa
Aberdeen, officially Xamdeboo after a name change in February 2026, is a small town in the Sarah Baartman District Municipality of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. With its numerous examples of Victorian architecture, it is one of the architectural conservation areas of the Karoo.

Aberdeen lies some 55 km south-west of Graaff-Reinet, 155 km east-south-east of Beaufort West and 32 km south of the Camdeboo Mountains. Laid out on the farm Brakkefontein as a settlement of the Dutch Reformed Church in 1856 (now the NGK), it became a municipality in 1858. It is named after the Scottish city of Aberdeen.

In 2023, it was proposed for Aberdeen to be renamed to Camdeboo. In 2024, this was rejected by the Minister of Sport, Arts and Culture, Gayton McKenzie. In 2026, a name with a slight difference in spelling (Xamdeboo) was officially approved by the minister in January, with the name change taking place in February.
William Ruxton Davison
William Ruxton Davison (died 25 January 1893) was a British ornithologist and collector. Davison was born in Burma but grew up mainly in Ootacamund in southern India. He worked as a private collector and museum curator for Allan Octavian Hume before taking up a position in 1887 as the first director of Raffles Museum in Singapore. He is thought to have committed suicide by opium overdose.

Ooty
Ooty (Tamil: [uːʈ(ː)i] ⓘ; officially Udagamandalam (Tamil: [uðɐhɐmɐɳɖɐlɐm]), anglicized: Ootacamund listenⓘ, abbreviated as Udagai, Tamil: [uðɐhɐi]) is a town and municipality in the Nilgiris district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 86 km (53 mi) northwest of Coimbatore, and is the headquarters of Nilgiris district. Situated in the Nilgiri hills, it is known by the epithet "King of all the Hill Stations", and is a popular tourist destination.

Originally occupied by the Toda people, the area came under the rule of the East India Company in the 18th century. It later served as the summer capital of Madras Presidency. The economy is based on the hospitality industry serving tourism and agriculture. The town is connected to the plains by the Nilgiri ghat roads and Nilgiri Mountain Railway.
Youth Leaders International
Leaders International, formerly known as Youth Leaders International (YLI), is a nonprofit organization based in Spencerville, MD. It is now known by the abbreviation Leaders.  
Leaders was founded in 1996 by Jerry Samet. It is headquartered in Spencerville, Maryland, US.

Spencerville, Maryland
Spencerville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Spencerville is 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Cloverly. Spencerville has a post office with ZIP code 20868. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,812.
Royal Oak Arms Hotel
Royal Oak Arms Hotel is a heritage-listed former Australian pub, store and bank building at 18 King Street, Paterson, Dungog Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was also known as the Royal Oak Inn. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Dungog Shire
Dungog Shire  is a local government area in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is situated adjacent to the Barrington Tops and consists predominantly of very rugged to hilly country which becomes less rugged from north to south.

Dungog Shire was formed on 1 July 1958 through the amalgamation of Wallarobba Shire with the Municipality of Dungog.

The mayor of the Dungog Shire Council is Clr. John Connors, an independent politician.
Li Xiuming
Li Xiuming  is a mainland Chinese film actress. She won both of Golden Rooster Award and Hundred Flowers Award for Best Actress, for Xu Mao and His Daughters. Her most remembered role are "Chunmiao" in Xie Jin's Chunmiao and "Princess Peacock". In 1993, she retired from Beijing Studio.

Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress
The Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress (中国电影金鸡奖最佳女主角) is the main category of Competition of Golden Rooster Awards, awarding actresses with outstanding performances in leading roles in cinema of China.
National Highway 727AA (India)
National Highway 727AA, commonly referred to as NH 727AA is a national highway in India. It is a secondary route of National Highway 27.  NH-727AA runs in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in India.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
Çayırlı, Midyat
Çayırlı (Kurdish: Kefnas) is a neighbourhood located in the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Botikan tribe and had a population of 254 as of 2021.

The village is Yazidi.

The settlement of Derebaşı (Koçan) is a hamlet of Çayırlı and is also populated by Kurds of the Botikan tribe who adhere to Yazidism.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Petru Bogdan
Petru Bogdan (29 January 1873 – 28 March 1944) was a Romanian chemist, educator, and politician. In 1926, he was elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy.

He was born in Cozmești, Iași County, the son of Vasile Bogdan (the mayor of the village) and Ana, née Timuș; his father died four years later, during the Romanian War of Independence of 1877.

Bogdan was a professor at the University of Iași. He wrote the first treatise on physical chemistry in the Romanian language. In 1923, one of his students, Theodor V. Ionescu, who worked in plasma physics, was the first to defend a PhD thesis in physics at the University of Iași.

Bogdan was a member of the National Peasants' Party. He served as Mayor of Iași from January 1930 to March 1934.

He had 7 children, Margareta, Gheorghe, Maria, Elena, Ana, Constantin, and Ioan; one of his grandsons was Ioan Petru Culianu.

Iași County
Iași County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjaʃʲ]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași. It is the most populous county in Romania, after the Municipality of Bucharest (which has the same administrative level as that of a county).
Hirth F-263
The Hirth F-263 is a twin cylinder, in-line, two stroke, carburetted aircraft engine that was designed for use on ultralight aircraft.  It was manufactured by Hirth of Germany, but was discontinued about 2001.

Inline engine (aeronautics)
In aviation, an inline engine is a reciprocating engine with banks of cylinders, one behind another, rather than rows of cylinders, with each bank having any number of cylinders, although more than six is uncommon. The major reciprocating-engine alternative configuration is the radial engine, where the cylinders are placed in a circular or "star" arrangement.

The term "inline" is used somewhat differently for aircraft engines than automotive engines. For automotive engines, the term ‘inline’ refers only to straight engines (those with a single bank of cylinders). But for aircraft, ‘inline’ can also refer to engines which are not of the straight configuration, such as V, H, or horizontally opposed.
Alain Paco
Alain Paco (born 1 March 1952) is a former French rugby union player and a current coach. He played as a hooker.

He played for AS Béziers. He went to win six titles of French Champion, for 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1977 and 1978.

Paco earned his first national cap on 20 June 1974 against the Argentina. He played 35 times for France, from 1974 to 1980, culminating in a Five Nations Grand Slam in 1977.

AS Béziers Hérault
Association sportive de Béziers Hérault (French pronunciation: [asɔsjɑsjɔ̃ spɔʁtiv də bezje eʁo]; Occitan: Associacion Esportiva de Besièrs Erau), often referred to by rugby media simply by its location of Béziers, is a French rugby union club currently playing in the second level of the country's professional rugby system, Pro D2. They earned their most recent promotion as the 2011 Fédérale 1 champions, but the club also won 11 Top 14 titles since its establishment in 1911.

Béziers was a major force in French rugby throughout the 1970s and 1980s; however, at the end of 2004–05 season they were relegated to Pro D2. After some years playing in the French second division, they finished bottom of the table in 2008–09 and were relegated to amateur Fédérale 1, before returning to Pro D2 after their 2011 title. They are based in Béziers in the Hérault department of Occitania, and play at the Stade Raoul-Barrière (capacity 18,555). The club colors are red and blue.
Thomas Fry (priest, born 1718)
Thomas Fry, D.D. (1718–1772) was an English priest and academic. He was president of St John's College, Oxford, from 1757.

Fry was born in Bristol and entered St John's in 1730. He graduated BA in 1736, and MA in 1740. He was ordained in 1744. At St John's he was logic reader from 1737 to 1740; dean of arts from 1740 to 1744; natural philosophy reader from 1745 to 1746; college preacher from 1746 to 1747; bursar from 1748 to 1749; dean of divinity from 1750 to 1754; and vice-president from 1755 to 1757.

He died intestate in Bristol on 22 November 1772. He was buried in the churchyard at Clifton.

Clifton, Bristol
Clifton is an inner suburb of Bristol, England, and the name of one of the city's thirty-five electoral wards. The Clifton ward also includes the areas of Cliftonwood and Hotwells. The eastern part of the suburb lies within the ward of Clifton Down.

Clifton is home to Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge; many buildings of the University of Bristol, including Goldney Hall; the Roman Catholic Clifton Cathedral; Christ Church, Clifton Down; Clifton College; Clifton High School; the former Amberley House preparatory school; Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School and The Clifton Club. It is also noted for the Downs, a large, open park.
Harold Wippler
Harold Wippler (September 19, 1928 – October 8, 2022) was an American violinist and teacher from Denver. Wippler played as concertmaster for the Denver Symphony Orchestra, now the Colorado Symphony Orchestra, with his wife Charleen, whom he married in August 1951. The two often played with the Central City Opera orchestra and spent three years in the early 1950s with the Kansas City Philharmonic, where Harold was also concertmaster. Attending the Curtis Institute of Music after winning the L.A. Concerto Competition, he studied under Efrem Zimbalist.  During his career he collaborated and recorded with noted violinists such as Jascha Heifetz. Wippler taught multiple international competition winners, most notably Eugene Fodor, who was his student from 1958 to 1968.

Colorado Symphony
The Colorado Symphony is an American symphony orchestra located in Denver, Colorado. Established in 1989 as the successor to the Denver Symphony Orchestra, the Colorado Symphony performs in Boettcher Concert Hall, located in the Denver Performing Arts center, and throughout the Front Range, presenting education and outreach programs, as well as Masterworks, Pops, Holiday, Family, and the Inside the Score and Symphony on the Rocks series.
Il filosofo di campagna
Il filosofo di campagna (The Country Philosopher) is a dramma giocoso per musica in 3 acts by composer Baldassare Galuppi. The opera uses an Italian language libretto by Carlo Goldoni. The work premiered at the Teatro San Samuele in Venice on 26 October 1754.

Il filosofo di campagna, which has been defined a "masterly opera", obtained a great success, with many performances throughout Europe.

Teatro San Samuele
Teatro San Samuele was an opera house and theatre located at the Rio del Duca, between Campo San Samuele and Campo Santo Stefano, in Venice. One of several important theatres built in that city by the Grimani family, the theatre opened in 1656 and operated continuously until a fire destroyed the theatre in 1747. A new structure was built and opened in 1748, but financial difficulties forced the theatre to close and be sold in 1770. The theatre remained active until 1807 when it was shut down by Napoleonic decree. It reopened in 1815 and was later acquired by impresario Giuseppe Camploy in 1819. In 1853 the theatre was renamed the Teatro Camploy. Upon Camploy's death in 1889, the theatre was bequeathed to the City of Verona. The Venice City Council in turn bought the theatre and demolished it in 1894.
Old Rock School (Guntersville, Alabama)
The Old Rock School (also known as the Guntersville City School) is a historic building in Guntersville, Alabama.  The one-story building was constructed in 1926 in a flat-figure 8 shape, with two courtyards in the middle.  It was built in the American Craftsman style, with rock facing and exposed rafters tails.  The school was born of Progressive Era philosophy of providing proper facilities for education, including modern plumbing, proper lighting and ventilation, and ample open space.  An auditorium allowed for classes in drama and music, as well as public concerts and performances.  After the school was replaced in the 1970s, several other groups utilized the building.  Its current tenant is The Whole Backstage, a non-profit youth drama organization.  A new, 337-seat auditorium was constructed in 2005.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Auditorium
An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theaters, the number of auditoriums is expressed as the number of screens.  Auditoriums can be found in entertainment venues, community halls, and theaters, and may be used for rehearsal, presentation, performing arts productions, public speeches or as a learning space.
Chemistry and Energy Federation
The Chemistry and Energy Federation (French: Fédération Chimie Energie, FCE) is a trade union representing workers in the energy and chemical industries in France.

The union was founded in 1997, when the Gas and Electricity Federation merged with the United Federation of Chemistry.  Like its predecessors, the union affiliated to the French Democratic Confederation of Labour.  By 2017, the union claimed 37,428 members.  In addition to chemicals and energy, it also represents workers in rubber, writing instruments, yachting, paper and cardboard, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, plastics and glass.

French Democratic Confederation of Labour
The French Democratic Confederation of Labour (French: Confédération française démocratique du travail, CFDT) is a national trade union center, one of the five major French confederations of trade unions, led since 2023 by Marylise Léon. It is the second largest French trade union confederation by number of members (625,000) and recently becoming first in voting results for representative bodies, having traditionally been second.
Erland and the Carnival
Erland & The Carnival were a British progressive folk rock band, formed in London, by Orcadian folk guitarist and singer Gawain Erland Cooper, multi-instrumentalist Simon Tong, and drummer/engineer David Nock. In 2010 they released their critically acclaimed eponymous debut album, and a year later released Nightingale to further widespread acclaim. Their third album Closing Time was released in autumn 2014 and featured collaborations with Paul Weller. The album was recorded in 7 days at Damon Albarn's Studio 13 and was mixed by Tim Bran.

Erland & The Carnival are well known for their contemporary arrangements of traditional Scottish and English folk songs, resulting in a "wild pastiche of digital trickery and oral tradition that channels the spirit of '70s progressive rock while staying true to pop-song brevity."

Dreadzone
Dreadzone are a British electronic music group formed in 1993 in London by ex-Big Audio Dynamite drummer Greg Roberts and musician Tim Bran. They have released nine studio albums, two live albums, and two compilations.

They gained a reputation as a live act in 1994 and had their first UK top 40 hit in 1996, with "Little Britain". BBC Radio 1's John Peel championed the group, and they recorded three Peel sessions between 1993 and 2002. The band has experienced several lineup changes, and they have released nine studio albums throughout their career.
Carleton Farms landfill
The Carleton Farms landfill is located in Sumpter Township of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

The landfill sits on 664 acres (2.69 km2) of property and has a solid waste boundary of 388 acres (1.57 km2).  It is owned by Republic Services Inc., and is about 30 miles (48 km) west of Detroit since 2002. From 1970s to 2002 the site was operated by Carleton Farms Incorporated as a Liquid industrial waste generator.

As of September, 2005, one million tons of waste is shipped from Toronto to the Carleton Farms Landfill annually after 2002.
This accounts for about 10% of Michigan's total waste.

The landfill is located near Crosswind Marsh Preserve, a reconstructed marsh created to replace the one formerly located at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport.

Wayne County, Michigan
Wayne County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the United States census placed its population at 1,793,561, making it the 19th-most populous county in the United States. The county seat is Detroit. The county was founded in 1796 and organized in 1815. Wayne County is included in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of several U.S. counties named after Revolutionary War-era general Anthony Wayne.
Rye Neck High School
Rye Neck High School is an American public secondary school located in the village of Mamaroneck, New York, and the town of Rye, New York. It is part of the Rye Neck Union Free School District and is connected to Rye Neck Middle School. Rye Neck High School offers 25 Advanced Placement classes as well as many electives such as robotics, journalism, and video production.

It serves the part of the Village of Mamaroneck that is within the Town of Rye and part of the City of Rye.

Rye, New York
Rye is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States, within the New York City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Rye had a population of 16,592. It received its charter as a city in 1942, making it the most recent such charter in the state. The city has an area of 5.85 square miles.

Rye is notable for its waterfront, and two National Historic Landmarks (NHLs). The first NHL is the Boston Post Road Historic District, designated in 1993. It is also the only National Historic Landmark District (NHLD) in Westchester County, and includes the Jay Estate, the childhood home and final resting place of John Jay, a Founding Father and the first Chief Justice of the United States, Marshlands Conservancy, Rye Golf Club, Lounsbury and the Jay Cemetery. The second NHL in Rye is Playland, a historic amusement park designated in 1987, which features one of the oldest wooden roller coasters in the Northeast, the Dragon Coaster.
William Shepherd House
William Shepherd House is a historic home located at Bath in Steuben County, New York.  It was built in 1873 and is a two-story Italian Villa style brick dwelling on a raised ashlar basement.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Steuben County, New York
Steuben County (/ˈstjuːbən/ STEW-bən or /stjuːˈbɛn/ stew-BEN) is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, its population was 93,584. Its county seat is Bath. Its name is in honor of Baron von Steuben, a Prussian general who fought on the American side in the American Revolutionary War, though it is not pronounced the same (German: [fɔn ˈʃtɔʏbn̩]). The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Steuben County comprises the Corning, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY combined statistical area.