hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Museum of Science & Industry (Tampa)
The Museum of Science & Innovation (MOSI) is a non-profit science museum located in Tampa, Florida's Uptown Innovation District, connected via pedestrian bridge to the neighboring University of South Florida.

Refitted with new digital projection technology, the museum's former IMAX Dome Theatre reopened in 2025 as the Saunders Planetarium & Digital Dome Theatre, the second-largest planetarium in the United States. The museum adopted its current name, an evolution of its longstanding name Museum of Science & Industry, in January 2026.

Permanent hands-on exhibits, a simulated lunar colony, and an area dedicated to temporary traveling exhibits occupy the museum's indoor spaces. Outdoor areas include a butterfly garden, science-themed miniature golf course, and children's playground.

MOSI's funding is provided from private donations, corporate sponsors, ticket and membership sales, and support from Hillsborough County and the City of Tampa.

Science museum
A science museum is a museum devoted primarily to science. Older science museums tended to concentrate on static displays of objects related to natural history, paleontology, geology, industry and industrial machinery, etc. Modern trends in museology have broadened the range of subject matter and introduced many interactive exhibits. Modern science museums, increasingly referred to as "science centres" or "discovery centres", also feature technology.

While the mission statements of science centres and modern museums may vary, they are commonly places that make science accessible and encourage the excitement of discovery.
Josef Gostic
Josef Gostic (March 5, 1900 – December 25, 1963) was a Slovene operatic tenor.

Born Josip Gostič in Stara Loka, Slovenia, he studied at the Ljubljana Conservatory, making his debut there in 1929. He became first tenor at the Zagreb Opera in 1937, and began making guest appearances at the opera houses of Vienna, Prague, Berlin, and Dresden.

He created the role of Midas in Richard Strauss's Die Liebe der Danae at the Salzburg Festival in 1952, then sang the role at La Scala in Milan and the Paris Opéra in 1953. That same year he made his London debut at the Stoll Theatre, as Ero in Jakov Gotovac's Ero s onoga svijeta (Ero the Joker), his greatest role, and in 1958, appeared at the Royal Opera House, as Grigori in Boris Godunov.

His strong, bright-toned voice was also heard to good advantage in Verdi roles including Manrico, Radames, Otello.

Ero s onoga svijeta
Ero s onoga svijeta (Croatian for 'Ero from the Other World'), usually translated as Ero the Joker, is a Croatian comic opera in three acts by Jakov Gotovac, with a libretto by Milan Begović based on a folk tale. The genesis of the opera was at Vrlička Česma in the town of Vrlika, a hometown of Milan Begović.

According to Croatian musicologist Josip Andreis, Ero s onoga svijeta is "not only the most successful Croatian comic opera to this day, but also the only Croatian opera with a presence in the theaters abroad". American musicologist and music critic Ralph P. Locke described it as one of two major Croatian operas, alongside Nikola Šubić Zrinski.
Labra (village)
Labra (Georgian: ლაბრა; Abkhaz: Лабра; Armenian: Լաբրա) is a village in Ochamchire District, Abkhazia, Georgia. It is populated predominantly by Hamshen Armenians who founded the village in 1890 after emigration from Ordu in the Ottoman Empire.

In February and March 1993, during the Georgian-Abkhazian war, Labra was looted and destroyed by Georgian forces, who subjected inhabitants to torture, rape and murder. These and similar events in other villages convinced the Armenian population of Gagra District, who had resolved to stay neutral, to join the Abkhazian side of the war, forming the Bagramyan Battalion.

Gagra District
Gagra District is a district of Abkhazia. It corresponds to the Georgian district by the same name. In medieval times, it was known as the southern part of Sadzen. It is located in the western part of Abkhazia, and the river Psou serves as a border with the Krasnodar Krai territory in Russia. The district’s capital is also called Gagra.
Dark Web (Marvel Comics)
"Dark Web" is an American comic book crossover storyline written by Zeb Wells with art by Adam Kubert and Ed McGuinness, published in 2022 by Marvel Comics. The story, which serves as a spiritual successor to "Inferno", involves Spider-Man and the X-Men joining forces against Ben Reilly and Madelyne Pryor as the two wronged clones are teaming up as Chasm and Goblin Queen to raise hell across the Marvel Universe.

"Dark Web" is bookended by two one-shots, subtitled Dusk and Dawn, and the story continued in the pages of Zeb Wells' run of Amazing Spider-Man. The storyline tied into various other books like Venom (vol. 5) and limited series including Gold Goblin, Mary Jane & Black Cat, Dark Web: Ms. Marvel, and Dark Web: X-Men.

Amazing Spider-Man (vol. 6) #18, Dark Web Finale, Dark Web: Ms. Marvel #2, Dark Web: X-Men #3, Mary Jane & Black Cat #2, and Venom (vol. 5) #15 were dedicated in memory of Carlos Pacheco.

Ed McGuinness
Edward McGuinness is an American comic book artist and penciller, who has worked on books such as Superman, Superman/Batman, Deadpool, and Hulk. His pencil work is frequently inked by Dexter Vines, and as such, their cover work carries the stylized signature "EdEx". McGuinness frequent collaborator, writer Jeph Loeb, had characterized McGuinness' art style as incorporating elements of artists Jack Kirby and Arthur Adams.
Abdullah Al-Refai
Abdullah Mubarak Al-Refai (Arabic: الدكتور عبدالله مبارك الرفاعي), (d. 2005) was born in Kuwait. Al-Refai became President of Gulf University for Science and Technology in 2003. Prior to GUST, Al-Refai was the President of the Arabian Gulf University in Bahrain.

Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet, or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is a unicameral script written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, of which most have contextual forms. Unlike the modern Latin alphabet, the script has no concept of letter case. The Arabic alphabet is an abjad, with only consonants required to be written (though the long vowels – ā ī ū – are also written, with letters used for consonants); due to its optional use of diacritics to notate vowels, it is considered an impure abjad.
Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article details the Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics qualifying phase.

The Weightlifting competition at the 2012 Games includes 260 athletes. Each competing nation is allowed to enter a maximum of 10 competitors, 6 men and 4 women. 2010 and 2011 World Weightlifting Championships are the main qualifying events for the 2012 Olympic games. NOCs achieve qualification places according to their position in the joint team classification by points adding those scored in the 2010 and 2011 World Championships. One continental qualification event is held for each continent in 2012. Only NOCs which have not gained quota places in the Main Qualification Events may obtain quota places.

Great Britain, as host country has been allocated three men's quota places and two women's quota places for the London 2012 Olympic Games.

World Weightlifting Championships
The World Weightlifting Championships is an international weightlifting competition, currently held annually (except for years of the Summer Olympic Games) by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF). The predecessor organization of the IWF was founded in 1905, but World Championship events began before its foundation. The first recognized World Championship event was held in 1891, and was won by Edward Lawrence Levy of England.

Athletes today compete in a total of 16 weight categories (8 for men and 8 for women):

Men categories: 60 kg, 65 kg, 71 kg, 79 kg, 88 kg, 94 kg, 110 kg and +110 kg.

Women categories: 48 kg, 53 kg, 58 kg, 63 kg, 69 kg, 77 kg, 86 kg and +86 kg.
Radar signal characteristics
A radar system uses a radio-frequency electromagnetic signal reflected from a target to determine information about that target.  In any radar system, the signal transmitted and received will exhibit many of the characteristics described below.

Square wave (waveform)
A square wave is  a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform in which the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum. In an ideal square wave, the transitions between minimum and maximum are instantaneous.

The square wave is a special case of a pulse wave which allows arbitrary durations at minimum and maximum amplitudes. The ratio of the high period to the total period of a pulse wave is called the duty cycle. A true square wave has a 50% duty cycle (equal high and low periods).

Square waves are often encountered in electronics and signal processing, particularly digital electronics and digital signal processing. Its stochastic counterpart is a two-state trajectory.
Uhlíř
Uhlíř (feminine: Uhlířová) is a Czech surname, meaning 'charcoal burner'. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlie Uhlir (1912–1984) American baseball player

Ivana Uhlířová (born 1980), Czech actress

Jaroslav Uhlíř (born 1945), Czech composer

Vladimíra Uhlířová (born 1978), Czech tennis player

Charlie Uhlir
Charles Karel Uhlir (July 30, 1912 – July 9, 1984) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball for one season. He played with the Chicago White Sox for 14 games during the 1934 Chicago White Sox season.
Sabak, Silifke
Sabak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 435 (2022). It is situated in the Taurus Mountains, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Göksu River valley. Its distance to Silifke is 25 kilometres (16 mi) and to Mersin is 105 kilometres (65 mi). The main economic activity is farming. Fruits especially figs and pomegranate are the major crops.

Silifke
Silifke is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,692 km2, and its population is 132,665 (2022). It is 80 km (50 mi) west of the city of Mersin, on the west end of the Çukurova plain.

Silifke lies on the Göksu River, the ancient Calycadnus, near its outlet into the Mediterranean. The river flows from the nearby Taurus Mountains and the city is surrounded by attractive countryside along its banks.
Atkins Curling Supplies Classic
The Atkins Curling Supplies Classic (formerly the Atkins Curling Supplies Women's Classic and the Atkins Curling Supplies Charity Classic) is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that takes place at the Assiniboine Memorial Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The event has also been hosted by the Charleswood Curling Club in Winnipeg and the East St. Paul Curling Club in East St. Paul, Manitoba. The tournament is held in a round-robin format and was part of the World Curling Tour from 2012 to 2019. It began in 2007. Prior to this it was just part of the Manitoba Curling Tour.

A men's event was added for 2017.

While the 2020 event still occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was discontinued as a World Curling Tour event.

Rural Municipality of East St. Paul
East St. Paul is a rural municipality (RM) in Manitoba, Canada. It is located north-east of and adjacent to the city of Winnipeg, and is part of the Winnipeg Metropolitan Area. The municipality was formed on November 3, 1915, when the municipality of St. Paul (1888–1914) was subdivided into West St. Paul and East St. Paul, with the Red River acting as the dividing line.

It encompasses 41 square kilometres (16 sq mi). In 2016, there were 9,372 persons living in the RM of East St. Paul, making it the most densely-populated RM in Manitoba at 223.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (578/sq mi).
Makkasan
Makkasan (Thai: มักกะสัน, pronounced [mák.kā.sǎn]) is the name of an intersection and the surrounding neighbourhood in Bangkok's Ratchathewi district. It is one of the 180 sub-districts in Bangkok. Makkasan Intersection is divided into two closely located intersections. One is the meeting point of Ratchaprarop Road,  Chaturathit Road, Si Ayutthaya Road, and Soi Ratchaprarop 10 or Soi Mo Leng, and is known variously as Makkasan, Mo Leng or Ratchaprarop Intersection. The other is the intersection of Ratchaprarop Road and Nikhom Makkasan Road, named Nikhom Makkasan intersection. The area is considered one of the most prone to traffic jams in Bangkok, especially during rush hour. Makkasan is not far from major shopping districts and Bangkok's traffic centers, such as Pratunam or Victory Monument.

Rush hour
A rush hour (American English, British English) or peak hour (Australian English, Indian English) is a part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest. Normally, this happens twice every weekday: once in the morning and once in the afternoon or evening, the times during which most people commute. The term is often used for a period of peak congestion that may last for more than one hour.

The term is very broad, but often refers specifically to private automobile transportation traffic, even when there is a large volume of cars on a road but not many people, or if the volume is normal but there is some disruption of speed. By analogy to vehicular traffic, the term Internet rush hour has been used to describe periods of peak data network usage, resulting in delays and slower delivery of data packets.
Liberated Hands
Liberated Hands or Freed Hands (German: Befreite Hände) is a 1939 German drama film directed by Hans Schweikart and starring Brigitte Horney, Olga Chekhova and Ewald Balser. It was screened at the 8th Venice International Film Festival.

Hans Schweikart
Hans Schweikart (1 October 1895 – 1 December 1975) was a German film director, actor and screenwriter. He directed 28 films between 1938 and 1968. He wrote for the film The Marriage of Mr. Mississippi, which was entered into the 11th Berlin International Film Festival.
Kris Kany
Kris Kany is a former American rugby union player. She was a member of the United States squad that won the inaugural 1991 Women's Rugby World Cup in Wales. She also featured at the 1994 Rugby World Cup in Scotland.

Kany and the 1991 World Cup squad were inducted into the United States Rugby Hall of Fame in 2017.

1994 Women's Rugby World Cup
The 1994 Women's Rugby World Cup was the second world cup for women. It was originally scheduled to be held in Amsterdam, Netherlands (10–24 April) but was cancelled only weeks before. However, a replacement competition was organised around the same dates in Scotland. England beat the defending champions USA 38–23 in the final.
Transeast Airlines
Transeast Airlines was an airline based in Riga, Latvia. Its main base was Riga International Airport, and it started operating scheduled services between Riga and Jönköping, Sweden in May 1993, and between Riga and Billund, Denmark in March 1995. It ceased its operations in 2001.

Riga International Airport
RIX Riga Airport (Latvian: RIX Rīgas lidosta; IATA: RIX, ICAO: EVRA) is the international airport of Riga, the capital of Latvia, and the largest airport in the Baltic states with direct flights to 107 destinations as of September 2024. It is the 12th-busiest airport in post-Soviet states as well as 77th-busiest airport in Europe. It serves as a hub for airBaltic, SmartLynx Airlines and RAF-Avia, and as one of the base airports for Ryanair and Norwegian Air Shuttle. The Latvian national carrier airBaltic is the largest carrier that serves the airport, followed by Ryanair. The airport is located in the Mārupe Municipality west of Riga, approximately 10 km from its city centre.
Sacher
Sacher is a surname. Origins can be traced back to Germany. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Sacher, Austrian hotel owner and proprietor
Das Sacher, Austrian-German historical drama television series, story of Anna Sacher

Franz Sacher, Austrian baker
Hotel Sacher, a five-star hotel in Vienna

Harry Sacher, British Zionist and lawyer
Sacher Park, public park in Jerusalem

Harry Sacher (lawyer), American attorney

John Sacher, British retailer

Lara Sacher, Australian actress

Maja Sacher, Swiss art collector and philanthropist, wife of Paul Sacher

Michael Sacher, German politician

Michael M. Sacher, British businessman, son of Zionist Harry Sacher

Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor, patron and impresario

Richard Sacher, Czech politician and civil servant

Sarolta Zalatnay (born Charlotte Sacher, 1947), Hungarian singer

Sacher Park
Sacher Park (Hebrew: גן סאקר) is the largest public park in the center of Jerusalem, near the neighborhoods of Kiryat Wolfson and Nachlaot and adjoins the Israel Government Complex.

The park was created in 1963, and named after Harry Sacher, a significant figure in the World Zionist Organization. It was designed by Yahalom Tzur, It includes lawns, walking paths, picnic areas, playgrounds, skateboard rinks, and a dog run.

In April 1996, a Bonshō, a large Japanese bell, was installed in the park. It is engraved with inscriptions in Hebrew, Arabic, Japanese, and English, all containing the word “peace,” as well as an engraving of a verse from Psalms (Tehillim 122): "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem; serene will be those who love you."
Shillelagh branch line
The Shillelagh branch line was a branch line of some 16.5 miles (26.6 km) to Shillelagh, County Wicklow opened by the Dublin, Wicklow and Wexford Railway (DW&WR) in 1865.  It joined the Dublin–Rosslare railway line at Woodenbridge halt.

The single track line closely followed the course of the Aughrim River to Aughrim and then the Derry River to Shillelagh. A short spur from Aughrim served the Aughrim Flour Mills.

Passenger services ended in 1944 due to coal shortages which became critical during The Emergency, and though there were hopes of it re-opening this never happened.
However, the line remained open for goods as far as Aughrim until 1952, serving Forgarty's Flour Mills. The line was officially closed and lifted the following year.

A walking trail was developed in 2005 on a 2.7km section of the old alignment near Tinahely.

The Emergency (Ireland)
The Emergency (Irish: Ré na Práinne / An Éigeandáil) was a state of emergency in the independent state of Ireland in the Second World War, throughout which the state remained neutral. It was proclaimed by Dáil Éireann on 2 September 1939, allowing the passage of the Emergency Powers Act 1939 by the Oireachtas the following day. This gave sweeping powers to the government, including internment, censorship of the press and correspondence, and control of the economy. The Emergency Powers Act lapsed on 2 September 1946, although the Emergency was not formally ended until 1976.
Foster v British Gas plc
Foster v British Gas plc (1990) C-188/89 is a leading EU law concerning the definition of the "state", for the purpose of determining which organisations in the private or public sector can be regarded as an organ of the state. The ECJ held a state is any manifestation or organisation under control of a central government.

In a previous case, Chandler v Director of Public Prosecutions, Lord Reid held a state is synonymous with an 'organised community', and according to Lord Devlin it meant 'the organs of government of a national community'.

James Reid, Baron Reid
James Scott Cumberland Reid, Baron Reid, CH, PC, FRSE (30 July 1890 – 29 March 1975) was a Scottish Unionist politician and judge.  His reputation is as one of the most outstanding judges of the 20th century.
Gonzaga Bulldogs men's ice hockey
The Gonzaga Bulldogs men's ice hockey team is a college ice hockey program that represents Gonzaga University. They are a member of the American Collegiate Hockey Association at the Division II level and are former members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The university sponsored varsity ice hockey from 1936 to 1940.

American Collegiate Hockey Association
The American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) is a college ice hockey association. The ACHA's purpose is to be an organization of collegiate affiliated programs, which provides structure, regulates operations, and promotes quality in collegiate ice hockey. The ACHA currently has three men's and two women's divisions and includes approximately 450 teams from across the United States and Canada. Most ACHA teams offer few athletic scholarships and typically receive far less university funding. The ACHA offers an opportunity for college hockey programs that struggle with large budgets and Title IX issues, as an alternative to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) financial structure.
Chiang Nien-hsin
Chiang Nien-hsin 江念欣 (born April 29, 1997) is a Taiwanese weightlifter, from Taoyuan District, Kaohsiung, a Mountain Indigenous District.

A member of the Bunun people, she has won several international medals, including gold at the 2014 Youth Olympics and bronzes at Weightlifting at the 2017 Summer Universiade – Women's 63 kg and the 2017 Asian Weightlifting Championships. She competed at the 2020 Olympics. Her best result at the World Weightlifting Championships is 8th, at the 2017 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 63 kg.

She represented Chinese Taipei at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She competed in the women's 55 kg event, finishing thirteenth.

Taoyuan District, Kaohsiung
23°14′20″N 120°50′03″E﻿ / ﻿23.238822°N 120.834289°E﻿ / 23.238822; 120.834289

Taoyuan District (Bunun: Ngani; Chinese: 桃源區; pinyin: Táoyuán Qū) is a mountain indigenous district of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. It is the largest district in Kaohsiung City by area and the least densely populated district in Taiwan.

The population is mainly the indigenous Bunun people and Saaroa people.
Weatherald
Weatherald is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jake Weatherald (born 1994), Australian cricketer

Thomas Milton Weatherald (1937–2019), Canadian politician

Tim Weatherald (born 1977), Australian rules footballer

Thomas Milton Weatherald
Thomas Milton "Tom" Weatherald (August 14, 1937 – July 23, 2019) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Cannington from 1964 to 1975 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.

He was born in Wawota, Saskatchewan. He is the son of Lyle V. Weatherald and Mary Ann Milton, and was educated there and at the University of Saskatchewan. In 1969, Weatherald married Cheryl Marjorie Jopling. He lived in Wawota. Weatherald was defeated by Eric Berntson when he ran for re-election in the newly formed riding of Souris-Cannington. In 2007, he was inducted into the Saskatchewan Baseball Hall of Fame. He died on July 23, 2019, in Regina, Saskatchewan.
Governor William W. and Musette Satterfield Kitchin House
The Governor William W. and Musette Satterfield Kitchin House is a historic house in Roxboro, North Carolina. The house was the private residence of North Carolina governor William Walton Kitchin and Musette Satterfield Kitchin. It serves as the main building for the Person County Museum of History.

Person County, North Carolina
Person County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 39,097 as of the 2020 census. The county seat is Roxboro.

Person County is included in the Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.