hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aggressionism
Aggressionism is a philosophical theory that the only real cause of war is human aggression, which refers to the "general tendency to attack members of one's species."  It is argued that aggression is a natural response to defend vital interests such as territory, family, or identity if threatened. This theory has dominated much evolutionary thought about human nature.

Many evolutionary biologists discount aggressionism as it promotes human extinction through war. The idea is that if homicide was the norm, the human species would have wiped itself out  millions of years ago. There is also the claim that aggression is not a universal instinct in the animal kingdom. However, some sources note that aggression serves the animal kingdom well since it brings the balanced distribution of animals of the same species over the available environment and that it can be viewed as a universal, externally directed drive that is possibly connected to a survival instinct.

Self-preservation
Self-preservation is a behavior or set of behaviors that ensures the survival of an organism. It is thought to be universal among all living organisms.

Self-preservation is essentially the process of an organism preventing itself from being harmed or killed and is considered a basic instinct in most organisms. Most call it a "survival instinct". Self-preservation is thought to be tied to an organism's reproductive fitness and can be more or less present according to perceived reproduction potential. If perceived reproductive potential is low enough, self-destructive behavior (i.e., the opposite) is not uncommon in social species. Self-preservation is also thought by some to be the basis of rational and logical thought and behavior.

The opposite of self-preservation is self-destructive behavior.
1990 U.S. Open Cup
The 1990 United States Open Cup is the 77th edition of the tournament to crown the national champion of the United States.

The A.A.C. Eagles (MSL) of Chicago won the cup 2–1 against the Brooklyn Italians (NESSL) at Kuntz Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Kuntz Memorial Soccer Stadium
Kuntz Memorial Soccer Stadium is an outdoor soccer facility located in Indianapolis. It is the location of the IHSAA State Soccer finals.  It contains two FIFA-regulated game fields and seats 5,257 people.  Various championship games have been played in this facility. It was the site of the 1987 Pan American Games soccer tournament and three U.S. Open Cup finals. The United States men's national soccer team played three matches here in 1987 and 1988.
Sixte Coupal dit la Reine
Sixte Coupal dit la Reine (May 1, 1825 – June 22, 1891) was a farmer and political figure in Lower Canada and Quebec, Canada. He represented Napierville in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1872 and from 1874 to 1882 as a Liberal member.

He was born Sixte Coupal in Saint-Cyprien-de-Léry, Lower Canada in 1825. He served as justice of the peace and also as mayor of Napierville. In 1863, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Napierville as a member of the parti rouge. He was elected again after Confederation but defeated in 1872 and 1874. He was elected in an 1874 by-election but the result was ruled invalid; he was reelected in the by-election that followed.

He died at Saint-Jovite in 1891.

Napierville
Napierville (French pronunciation: [napjɛʁvil]) is a municipality in the  Jardins de Napierville Regional County Municipality in Quebec, Canada, situated in the Montérégie administrative region. The population as of the 2021 Canadian Census was 4,020. It is the location of the seat of the Jardins de Napierville Regional County Municipality. It is surrounded by the municipality of Saint-Cyprien-de-Napierville.
Meesha Ghoshal
Meesha Ghoshal is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil films. After making her debut in the Tamil film Pokkisham (2009), she has appeared in ventures including A. R. Murugadoss's 7 Aum Arivu and Atlee's Raja Rani.

Pokkisham
Pokkisham (transl. Treasure) is a 2009 Indian Tamil language film directed by Cheran starring himself, Padmapriya, and Aryan Rajesh. The film failed at the box office, but Padmapriya won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress.
Cottens, Fribourg
Cottens (French: [kɔtɑ̃s]; Arpitan: Cotens, locally Kotin [koˈtɛ̃] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Sarine in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Its German name of Cottingen has now largely fallen out of use.

Canton of Fribourg
The canton of Fribourg, also canton of Freiburg, is located in western Switzerland. The canton is bilingual, with French spoken by more than two thirds of the citizens and German by a little more than a quarter. Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg.
Podklanec, Žiri
Podklanec (pronounced [pɔtˈklaːnəts]; German: Podklanz) is a small settlement south of Žiri in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies at the end of a valley where Black Creek (Slovene: Črna) and Sovra Creek meet to become the Poljane Sora River (Slovene: Poljanska Sora).

Sora (river)
The Sora (German: Zayer or Zeier) is a right affluent of the Sava River in western Slovenia. The Sora gathers its waters mainly from the Škofja Loka Hills. Its source branches are the Poljane Sora (Slovene: Poljanska Sora, also Poljanščica), named after the Poljane Valley (Poljanska dolina), and the Selca Sora (Slovene: Selška Sora, also Selščica), named after the Selca Valley (Selška dolina). The Poljane Sora is larger and is 43 kilometres (27 mi) in length, while the Selca Sora is 32 km (20 mi) in length. They flow together in Škofja Loka and continue the flow as the Sora for the next 9.2 kilometres (5.7 mi) until Medvode, where the Sora joins the Sava. Including the Poljane Sora, the Sora is 52 km (32 mi) in length. This makes it the 15th longest river of Slovenia.

The Sora is of torrential character and often floods. Its average discharge at the outflow is 25 cubic metres per second (880 cu ft/s). Its largest discharge, measured in 1990, was 690 m3/s (24,000 cu ft/s).
Christopher Latham
Christopher Jack Latham (born 6 February 1994) is an English cyclist from Bolton, who most recently rode for UCI Continental team SwiftCarbon Pro Cycling. In 2015 he won the bronze medal in the elimination race at the 2015 UEC European Track Championships in Grenchen, Switzerland.

UCI Track Cycling World Cup
The UCI Track Cycling World Cup (formerly known as the UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics) was a multi race tournament held over a track cycling season - usually between October and February. Each series is divided into several rounds, each held in a different country. It was replaced in 2021 by the UCI Track Cycling Nations Cup.
Video Disk Recorder
Video Disk Recorder (VDR) is an open-source application for Linux designed to allow any computer to function as a digital video recorder, in order to record and replay TV programming using the computer's hard drive. The computer needs to be equipped with a digital TV tuner card. VDR can also operate as an mp3 player and DVD player using available plugins. VDR uses drivers from the LinuxTV project. VDR was originally written by Klaus-Peter Schmidinger, one of the founders of CadSoft Computer GmbH and original developer of the EAGLE electronic design application. The software was originally hosted on CadSoft's server.

DVD player
A DVD player is a machine that plays DVDs produced under both the DVD-Video and DVD-Audio technical standards, two different and incompatible standards. Many DVD players will also play audio CDs. DVD players are connected to a television to watch the DVD content, which could be a movie, a recorded TV show, or other content.
Yunnanilus longibulla
Yunnanilus longibulla is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Yunnanilus. The type locality for this species is Chenghai Lake in Yunnan. The specific name longibulla means "long bubble" and refers to the elongated shape of the swim bladder compared to closely related species.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.
Observer-Dispatch
The Observer-Dispatch, often referred to as The O-D, is a newspaper serving the Utica-Rome metropolitan area in  Central New York, circulating in Oneida County, Herkimer County, and parts of Madison County.  Based in Utica, New York, the publication is owned by USA Today Co..

Herkimer County, New York
Herkimer County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,139. Its county seat is Herkimer. The county was created in 1791 north of the Mohawk River out of part of Montgomery County. It is named after General Nicholas Herkimer, who died from battle wounds in 1777 after taking part in the Battle of Oriskany during the Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.

Herkimer County is part of the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Thomas Kinkade
William Thomas Kinkade III (January 19, 1958 – April 6, 2012) was an American painter of popular realistic, pastoral, and idyllic subjects. He is notable for achieving success during his lifetime with the mass marketing of his work as printed reproductions and other licensed products by means of the Thomas Kinkade Company. According to Kinkade's company, at one point one in every 20 American homes owned a copy of one of his paintings.

Kinkade described himself as a "Painter of Light," a phrase he protected by trademark. He was criticized for some of his behavior and business practices; art critics faulted his work for being kitschy. Kinkade died as a result of acute intoxication from alcohol and diazepam at the age of 54. Reportedly, about 600 of his 6,000 unpublished works have been published posthumously.

Printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets, used during the sixth century. Printing by pressing an inked image onto paper (using woodblock printing) appeared later that century. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
2001 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2001 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 22nd edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Sofia and Varna, Bulgaria from 22 to 30 September 2001.

Eastern European Summer Time
Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of the UTC+03:00 time zone, which is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in some European and Middle Eastern countries, which makes it the same as Arabia Standard Time, East Africa Time, and Moscow Time. During the winter periods, Eastern European Time (UTC+02:00) is used.

Since 1996, European Summer Time has been applied from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. Previously, the rules were not uniform across the European Union.
Wairarapa Mail
The Wairarapa Mail was a passenger train operated by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) between Wellington and Woodville, continuing on to Palmerston North as a mixed train. It ran from 1909 until 1948 and its route included the famous and arduous Rimutaka Incline.

Woodville, New Zealand
Woodville, previously known as The Junction, is a small town in the southern North Island of New Zealand, 75 km north of Masterton and 25 km east of Palmerston North. The 2013 census showed that 1401 people reside in Woodville.

The town is in the Tararua District and the Manawatū-Whanganui region, although it has strong ties with the Hawke's Bay region, of which it was once a part, but is often considered to be the northern boundary of Wairarapa. It is within the catchment area of the Manawatū River.
Kai Shibato
Kai Shibato (柴戸 海, Shibato Kai; born 24 November 1995) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for J1 League club Urawa Red Diamonds. He has 2 caps for the Japan national football team.

J1 League
The J1 League (Japanese: J1リーグ, Hepburn: Jē-wan Rīgu), a.k.a. the J.League or the Meiji Yasuda J1 League (Japanese: 明治安田J1リーグ, Hepburn: Meiji Yasuda Jē-wan Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Japan and the highest level of the Japanese football league system.

Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the J2 League. Both the J1 and J2 leagues are operated by the Japan Professional Football League (日本プロサッカーリーグ, Nihon Puro Sakkā Rīgu).

Founded in 1992, it is one of the most successful leagues in Asian professional club football history. It was known as the J.League from 1993 to 1998 before becoming a two-division league, and as J.League Division 1 from 1999 to 2014. The current champions are Kashima Antlers, who won a record-extending ninth J.League title and a record-breaking ninth top flight title in the 2025 season.
Guarianthe aurantiaca
Guarianthe aurantiaca is a species of orchid. It is widespread across much of Mexico, south to Costa Rica. The diploid chromosome number of G. aurantiaca has been determined as 2n = 40.

The phananthrenoids orchinol and loroglossol have a phytoalexin effect and reduce the growth of G. aurantiaca seedlings.

Phytoalexin
Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances, some of which are antioxidative as well. They are defined not by their having any particular chemical structure or character, but by the fact that they are defensively synthesized de novo by plants that produce the compounds rapidly at sites of pathogen infection. In general phytoalexins are broad spectrum inhibitors; they are chemically diverse, and different chemical classes of compounds are characteristic of particular plant taxa. Phytoalexins tend to fall into several chemical classes, including terpenoids, glycosteroids, and alkaloids; however, the term applies to any phytochemicals that are induced by microbial infection.
Data engineering
Data engineering is a software engineering approach to the building of data systems, to enable the collection and usage of data. This data is usually used to enable subsequent analysis and data science, which often involves machine learning. Making the data usable usually involves substantial computing and storage, as well as data processing.

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
Alexander Tschäppät
Alexander Tschäppät (16 April 1952 – 4 May 2018) was a Swiss politician. Tschäppät was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. He has been a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 1991 to 2003 and again 2011 to 2018. He was mayor (Stadtpräsident) of Bern 2005 until 2016.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Arvind Mehendale
Arvind Mehendale (born 11 September 1943) is an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm off-break bowler who played for Maharashtra. He was born in Poona.

Mehendale made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1974–75 season, against Gujarat. From the tailend, he scored 3 not out in the first innings in which he batted, and 1 not out in the second.

Mehendale bowled 7 overs in the match, conceding 8 runs.

Between 1997 and 2002, Mehendale refereed 7 first-class matches.

Maharashtra cricket team
The Maharashtra cricket team is a state cricket team that represents the Maharashtra state in domestic cricket of India. It is governed by Maharashtra Cricket Association. It plays its home matches at Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium in Pune.

Maharashtra have won Ranji Trophy twice and remained runners-up thrice, won Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy once and remained runners-up once. In Vijay Hazare trophy it has been winner in West zone in 1994–95 and were runners up in 2022/23 season.
Marke Raines
Marke Raines (January 18, 1927 – April 10, 2020) was a Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was previously a broadcaster and journalist for radio stations CJJC, CKNW and CJOR and television station BCTV.

Born in Calgary, Alberta, Raines gained notoriety as a CKNW radio reporter when in 1964 he made an unauthorised crossing of the Port Mann Bridge, as the facility had not yet been opened to the public.

He was elected in the Burnaby—Seymour riding in the 1974 general election, but did not seek another term in the House of Commons after finishing his term in 1979 in the 30th Canadian Parliament. He was appointed a part-time member of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in 1981 for a five-year term. Raines died of heart failure on April 10, 2020, in Toronto.

CKNW
CKNW (730 AM) is a commercial radio station in Vancouver, British Columbia. Owned by Corus Entertainment, it broadcasts a talk radio format. Its offices and studios are in the TD Tower in Downtown Vancouver.

CKNW transmits with 50,000 watts, the maximum for Canadian AM stations. It uses a directional antenna, with a three-tower array in the daytime and a four-tower array at night. It is a Class B station. Its transmitter is on British Columbia Highway 17 in Surrey.

The station originally broadcast on the frequency of 1230 kHz, before moving to 1320 kHz in 1949, and then 980 kHz in 1958. On June 26, 2024, as part of cuts by the company, Corus disbanded sister station CKGO's traffic radio format, and began simulcasting CKNW's programming on its 730 kHz frequency. In January 2025, Corus announced that CKNW would move permanently to CKGO's signal on February 24, 2025, citing its better downtown and Lower Mainland coverage.
SS Antares
SS Antares (T-AKR 294) is an Algol class vehicle cargo ship that is currently maintained by the United States Maritime Administration as part of the Military Sealift Command's Ready Reserve Force (RRF). She was built as a high speed container ship by A.G. Weser in Bremen, West Germany, hull no. 1382, for Sea-Land Service, Inc. Baptized in Bremerhaven by Helga Wedekind, the ship was named SS Sea-Land Galloway, USCG ON 542200, IMO 7226897. Due to her high operating cost, she was sold to the United States Navy on 16 April 1982 as USNS Antares (T-AK-294).

In keeping with the pattern of the naming the Algol-class ships after bright stars, the Antares was named after Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Pedro Laza
Pedro Ignacio Laza Gutiérrez (1904–1980 or 1988) was a Colombian musician and bandleader.
He founded and led the orchestra Pedro Laza y sus Pelayeros, who were popular in the 1960s and released more than 30 LPs on record label Discos Fuentes.

Bandleader
A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a dance band, rock or pop band or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.
Wang Renzhi
Wang Renzhi (Chinese: 王忍之; pinyin: Wáng Rěnzhī; September 1933 - 4 February 2025) was a Chinese politician who was best known as a senior conservative theorist and associate of Deng Liqun. Wang served as head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party between 1987 and 1992.

He was an alternate member of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 9th and 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from September 1982 to November 1987. It held seven plenary sessions. It was succeeded by the 13th Central Committee. It elected the 12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1982.
Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's field hockey tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics was the 7th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over an eleven-day period beginning on 16 August, and culminating with the medal finals on 26 August. All games were played at the hockey centre within the Hellinikon Olympic Complex in Athens, Greece.

Germany won the gold medal for the first time after defeating the Netherlands 2–1 in the final. Argentina won the bronze medal by defeating China 1–0.

Argentina at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Argentina competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. This was the nation's twenty-first appearance at the Olympic Games, except for three different editions. Argentina did not attend the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its support for the United States-led boycott. The sailor Carlos Espínola was the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. 152 competitors, 106 men and 46 women, took part in 86 events in 22 sports.

The total medal count of six, marked the best performance by Argentina since the 1948 Summer Olympics, earning their first gold medals since the 1952 Summer Olympics and their best position in the medal table up to that point, at 35th place overall.