hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apheloriini
Apheloriini is a tribe of flat-backed millipedes in the subfamily Rhysodesminae in the family Xystodesmidae. These millipedes are endemic to the temperate forests of North America. All species in this tribe produce cyanide, which they emit through their ozopores as a defense against predators. Millipedes in this tribe are also known as cherry millipedes, because the production of cyanide also generates benzaldehyde, which smells like cherries or almonds.

These millipedes display bright colors in aposematic patterns to warn predators of toxic secretions. Millipedes in this tribe in the Appalachian Mountains, including species of Apheloria and Brachoria, participate in Müllerian mimicry rings. As a result of this mimicry among species, color patterns are extremely variable within species.

Ozopore
An ozopore is the opening of a defensive gland present in some arthropods, notably in millipedes of the order Polydesmida and in harvestmen, the eight-legged arachnids also known as "daddy long-legs". The glands themselves are known as ozadenes, also called "scent glands", "repugnatorial glands", "odoriferous glands" or "stink glands" by various authors. The name is derived from Ancient Greek ozo "smell" and Latin porus "pore, small opening".
Potomania
Potomania (From Greek pōtō "drink (liquor)" + mania) is a specific hypo-osmolality syndrome related to massive consumption of beer, which is poor in solutes and electrolytes. With little food or other sources of electrolytes, consumption of large amounts of beer or other dilute alcoholic beverages leads to electrolyte disturbances, where the body does not have enough nutrients known as electrolytes, namely sodium, potassium, and magnesium.  The symptoms of potomania are similar to other causes of hyponatremia and include dizziness, muscular weakness, neurological impairment and seizures, all related to hyponatremia and hypokalaemia. While the symptoms of potomania are similar to other causes of hyponatremia and acute water intoxication, it should be considered an independent clinical entity because of its often chronic nature of onset, pathophysiology,  and presentation of symptoms.

Plasma osmolality
Plasma osmolality measures the body's electrolyte–water balance. There are several methods for arriving at this quantity through measurement or calculation.

Osmolality and osmolarity are measures that are technically different, but functionally the same for normal use. Whereas osmolality (with an "l") is defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per kilogram of solvent (osmol/kg or Osm/kg), osmolarity (with an "r") is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). As such, larger numbers indicate a greater concentration of solutes in the plasma.
Broad Street School
The Broad Street School is a historic former school building at 100 Broad Street in Norwich, Connecticut.  The school was designed by New York City architect Wilson Potter and built in 1897.  It is a well-executed and well-preserved example of Romanesque styling, and was the largest school built as part of a major construction program by the city.  The schoolhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1984.  It has been converted to residential use.

Norwich, Connecticut
Norwich (/ˈnɔːrwɪtʃ/ NOR-wich) is a city in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The Yantic, Shetucket, and Quinebaug Rivers flow into the city and form its harbor, from which the Thames River flows south to Long Island Sound. The city is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 40,125 at the 2020 United States Census.
DARPA Captive Air Amphibious Transporter
The Captive Air Amphibious Transporter (CAAT) is a 1:5 scale tracked amphibious vehicle prototype being developed by DARPA. It drives on the water with air-filled pontoons attached to the tracks and is intended to demonstrate how to transport standard 20- or 40-foot containers from ordinary container ships to shore without using a harbor. DARPA is investigating its usefulness in disasters so that commercial shipping can relieve military ships to focus on military tasks. The CAAT is one of four elements in the Tactically Expandable Maritime Platform (TEMP) program; the others being a containerized living quarter, a stabilized crane, and an unmanned powered parachute delivering containers by air.

Amphibious vehicle
An amphibious vehicle (or simply amphibian) is a vehicle that works both on land and on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, combat vehicles, and hovercraft.

Classic landing craft are not amphibious vehicles as they do not work on land, although they are part of amphibious warfare. Ground effect vehicles, such as ekranoplans, would likely crash on any but the flattest of landmasses so are also not considered to be amphibious vehicles.
Len Tyler
Christianity portal

Leonard George (Len) Tyler  (15 April 1920 – 21 September 2010) was Archdeacon of Rochdale from 1962 until 1966.

Tyler was educated at Darwen Grammar School; Liverpool University; Christ's College, Cambridge; and Westcott House. He was ordained in 1926.

He was successively

Chaplain, Trinity College, Kandy

Principal, Diocesan Divinity School, Colombo

Rector (ecclesiastical) of Bradford, Manchester

Vicar of Leigh, Lancashire

Anglican adviser to ABC Weekend TV

Principal, William Temple School

Westcott House, Cambridge
Westcott House is an Anglican theological college based on Jesus Lane in the centre of the university city of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. Its main activity is training people for ordained ministry in the Church of England and other Anglican churches. Westcott House is a founding member of the Cambridge Theological Federation. The college is considered by many to be Liberal Catholic in its tradition, but it accepts ordinands from a range of traditions in the Church of England.
Belinda Chang (biologist)
Belinda Siew-Woon Chang is an American-Canadian evolutionary and molecular biologist. She is currently a professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Department of Cell and Systems Biology at the University of Toronto. Chang was also a Canada Research Chair in Comparative Evolutionary Neurobiology from 2003 to 2013. Her research is focused on the molecular evolution of proteins involved in vision, especially visual opsins, in vertebrates. Chang is known for reconstructing several extinct ancestral proteins, including the rhodopsins of the ancestral archosaur and the ancestral cetacean.

Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin, also known as visual purple, is a protein encoded by the RHO gene and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a light-sensitive receptor protein that triggers visual phototransduction in rod cells. Rhodopsin mediates dim light vision and thus is extremely sensitive to light.  When rhodopsin is exposed to light, it immediately photobleaches. In humans, it is fully regenerated in about 30 minutes, after which the rods are more sensitive. Defects in the rhodopsin gene cause eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and congenital stationary night blindness.
Pokrovskogo lesouchastka
Pokrovskogo lesouchastka (Russian: Покровского лесоучастка) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Nagornoye Rural Settlement, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 105 as of 2010.

Petushinsky District
Petushinsky District (Russian: Петуши́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,692 square kilometers (653 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Petushki. Population: 59,680 (2021 census); 68,062 (2010 census); 69,364 (2002 Census); 78,498 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Petushki accounts for 22.3% of the district's total population.
2024 Internazionali Femminili di Tennis Città di Caserta
The 2024 Internazionali Femminili di Tennis Città di Caserta was a professional tennis tournament playing on outdoor clay courts. It was the thirty-fifth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2024 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Caserta, Italy, between 3 and 9 June 2024.

Caserta
Caserta (Italian: [kaˈzɛrta] ⓘ or [kaˈsɛrta]; Neapolitan: [kaˈsertə]) is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. An important agricultural, commercial, and industrial comune and city, Caserta is located 36 kilometres north of Naples on the edge of the Campanian plain at the foot of the Campanian Subapennine mountain range. The city is best known for the 18th-century Bourbon Royal Palace of Caserta.
Merkur Group
Merkur Group (formerly known as Gauselmann Group) is a family-owned, internationally operating business group in the entertainment and leisure industry, founded in 1957 by Paul Gauselmann.  The umbrella brand of the Gauselmann Group is Merkur. The company, based in Espelkamp and Lübbecke, develops, produces, and distributes entertainment gaming devices with and without the possibility of winning money. They also operate a chain of gaming arcades and work in the areas of sports betting, online gaming, financial services, and casinos.

Lübbecke
Lübbecke ([ˈlʏbəkə] ⓘ; Westphalian: Lübke) is a town in northeast North Rhine-Westphalia in north Germany. This former county town lies on the northern slopes of the Wiehen Hills (Wiehengebirge) and has around 26,000 inhabitants. The town is part of district of Minden-Lübbecke within the Regierungsbezirk of Detmold in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe region. Lübbecke was first mentioned in the records in 775 as hlidbeki and was given town rights in 1279.
Bonaz
The Bonaz people (Odia: ବୋନାଜ, romanized: Bonaj) are an Odia diaspora community that live in Srimangal, Bangladesh and Tripura, India.

In the nineteenth century, the British brought them over from Odisha to work as tea garden labourers in Srimangal. They are Hindus and maintain a distinct identity in addition to their Bangladeshi identity, due to cultural, linguistic, geographical and historical reasons. Many have adopted the Bengali language; although only 10% of the community are actually literate in the language. They celebrate Phagwah and Durga Puja, and have managed to preserve some of their ballads and folk-tales orally as well as through performing cultural festivals. They are led by a leader known as a Behera and split into eight clans: Nag, Khanda, Tanidiya, Dudhusha, Rakta Kushila, Suryabamsa, Baghabamsa and Mahanandiya.

Holi
Holi (IPA: ['hoːli:, hoːɭiː]) is a major Hindu festival celebrated as the Festival of Colours, Love and Spring.
It celebrates the eternal and divine love of the deities Radha and Krishna.
Additionally, the day signifies the triumph of good over evil, as it commemorates the victory of Vishnu as Narasimha over Hiranyakashipu. 
Holi originated and is predominantly celebrated in the Indian subcontinent, but has also spread to other regions of Asia and parts of the Western world through the Indian diaspora.

Holi also celebrates the arrival of spring in India, the end of winter, and the blossoming of love. It is also an invocation for a good spring harvest season. It lasts for a night and a day, starting on the evening of the Purnima (full moon day) falling on the Hindu calendar month of Phalguna, which falls around the middle of March in the Gregorian calendar.
Mehmed Kapetanović
Mehmed Bey Kapetanović Ljubušak (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Мехмед-бег Капетановић Љубушак; 19 December 1839 – 29 July 1902) was a Bosnian writer and public official who served as the second mayor of Sarajevo from 1893 to 1899.

Ljubuški
Ljubuški is a city in the West Herzegovina Canton, a federal unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Kravica cascades lie within the city, near the settlement of Studenci. The city is known for its many dogs.
Kulice Małe
Kulice Małe [kuˈlit͡sɛ ˈmawɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Pelplin, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.
Scholz eye patch
In September 2023, then German Chancellor Olaf Scholz wore a medical eye patch following a jogging accident. A photograph of the Chancellor wearing the eye patch, which he published himself, quickly developed into an Internet meme.

In retrospect, observers have described the deliberate handling of the incident as a successful example of targeted political communication and personal branding in the contemporary digital environment of mass media. The eye patch reportedly became a recognizable feature of the Chancellor, made him appear more relatable, and supported his reputation in the long term.

Eyepatch
An eyepatch is a small patch that is worn in front of one eye. It may be a cloth patch attached around the head by an elastic band or by a string, an adhesive bandage, or a plastic device which is clipped to a pair of glasses. It is often worn by people to cover a lost, infected, or injured eye, but it also has a therapeutic use in children for the treatment of amblyopia. Eyepatches used to block light while sleeping are referred to as a sleep mask.

An eyepad or eye pad is a soft medical dressing that can be applied over an eye to protect it. It is not necessarily the same as an eyepatch.
2012 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger
The 2012 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Binghamton, United States between 16 and 22 July 2012.

Fritz Wolmarans
Fritz Wolmarans (born 7 March 1986) is a former professional South African tennis player.

Wolmarans has a career high ATP singles ranking of 198 achieved on 16 May 2011.

He also played for the South Africa Davis Cup team.
The Paleface (1948 film)
The Paleface is a 1948 American comedy Western film directed by Norman Z. McLeod and starring Bob Hope as "Painless Potter" and Jane Russell as Calamity Jane. In the movie, Hope sings the song "Buttons and Bows" (by Jay Livingston and Ray Evans). The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song that year.

The film had a sequel, which is written and directed this time around by its co-writer Frank Tashlin, called Son of Paleface, in 1952. In 1968,  Don Knotts remade the film as The Shakiest Gun in the West.

Frank Tashlin
Frank Tashlin (born Francis Fredrick von Taschlein, February 19, 1913 – May 5, 1972), also known as Tish Tash and Frank Tash, was an American animator and filmmaker. He was best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated shorts for Warner Bros., as well as his work as a director of live-action comedy films.
Dipterocarpus hasseltii
Dipterocarpus hasseltii is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. This large tree occurs in lowland dipterocarp forest and is cut for keruing timber. It is found in Indonesia (Bali, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.

Dipterocarp timber classification
The following table associates tree species, wood name and wood colour.

The Dipterocarp timber classification system was developed by Colin Fraser Symington (1905-1943), a forester at the Malayan Forestry Service, and H. E. Desch, who researched comparative wood anatomy.
Beaufort, Malaysia
Beaufort (/ˈboʊfərt/ BOH-fərt) or in Sabahan colloquial spelling "Bopot" is the capital of the Beaufort District in the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysia. It was named after former British Governor Leicester Paul Beaufort. Its population was estimated to be around 12,742 in 2010. It is about 90 kilometres south of Kota Kinabalu and about 167 kilometres north of Long Pasia (one of the famous tourist attractions in Interior Division). It has shophouses built high above the roads to avoid the periodic floods of the Padas River. The population of Beaufort is composed mainly of Bisaya, Brunei Malays, Kadazan-Dusuns, Lun Bawang/Lun Dayeh, Muruts and Chinese (mainly Hakkas). Bisaya are the majority ethnic, and the population is scattered around the town. Like other towns in Sabah such as Kota Kinabalu city (including Penampang), Tuaran, Papar, Tawau, Kudat and Tenom, Beaufort was one of the major initial Hakka population centres in Sabah and still has a large Hakka minority.

Tuaran District
The Tuaran District (Malay: Daerah Tuaran) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the West Coast Division which includes the districts of Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang, Putatan, Ranau and Tuaran. The capital of the district is in Tuaran Town and the administrative area includes the entire boundary of Tuaran District, covering an area of 116,500 hectares (287,875 acres). Tuaran also one of the districts in Sabah located near Kota Kinabalu, and it is considered part of the Greater Kota Kinabalu area.

St. Andrews Anglican church was consecrated on 12 November 1967 by Roland Koh.
Telling the World (film)
Telling the World is a surviving 1928 American comedy silent film directed by Sam Wood and written by Joseph Farnham and Raymond L. Schrock. The film stars William Haines, Anita Page, Eileen Percy, Frank Currier, and Polly Moran. The film was released on June 30, 1928, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Raymond L. Schrock
Raymond L. Schrock (February 2, 1892 – December 12, 1950) was an American screenwriter. He worked on more than 150 films between 1915 and 1950. He was born in Goshen, Indiana, and died in Hollywood, California, from a heart attack.
Clerques
Clerques (French pronunciation: [klɛʁk]; West Flemish: Klarke) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Saint-Omer, in the valley of the river Hem at the foot of the Boulonnais, which is a wooded ridge there. Two hamlets, Audenfort to the west and Le Hamel to the east, make up the remainder of the commune.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Emma Huismans
Emma Huismans (born 10 July 1947) is an Afrikaans writer, journalist, and activist born in the Netherlands. At the age of five, her family moved to South Africa where she learned Afrikaans. She was later a reporter for Crisis News. Her efforts against apartheid were complicated by her being white, Afrikaans, and lesbian. This is dealt with in her premier work Berigte van weerstand. (English translation: Reports of resistance) After that, she wrote a few novels, but tended to do better in non-fiction. Her work is often deemed angry and frustrated with the difficulties of post-apartheid South Africa. In 1990 she returned to The Netherlands.

The Crisis (newspaper)
The Crisis was a newspaper published during the first half of the American Civil War by Samuel Medary that was critical of the American government's decision to limit slavery, and following the beginning of the war against the Confederate States of America, to wage war against the South.  It was presented as the newspaper for favor with "Peace Democrats" (often referred to as Copperheads) - those northerners who sided with the Confederate cause during the war.
Visions-Partiet
Visions-Partiet, also Visionspartiet, (English: The Visions Party) is a political party in Denmark. The party was founded in 2002 for a holistic approach to political problems. Stated platform issues have included: environmentalism, the integration of alternative medicines in public health, promotion of organic foods, and probation reforms. The founder and first chairman was Eskild Tjalve, an artist and  former civil engineering instructor at the Technical University of Denmark.

The party ran for regional and municipal elections in 2005 and 2009, with no candidates elected.

Holism
Holism is the interdisciplinary idea that systems possess properties as wholes apart from the properties of their component parts.
The aphorism "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts", typically attributed to Aristotle, is often given as a summary of this proposal. The concept of holism can inform the methodology for a broad array of scientific fields and lifestyle practices. When applications of holism are said to reveal properties of a whole system beyond those of its parts, these qualities are referred to as emergent properties of that system. Holism in all contexts is often placed in opposition to reductionism, a dominant notion in the philosophy of science that systems containing parts contain no unique properties beyond those parts. Proponents of holism consider the search for emergent properties within systems to be demonstrative of their perspective.
International Journal of Nanomedicine
The International Journal of Nanomedicine  is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. The journal was established in 2006 and is published by Dove Medical Press.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Spiegelau Forest Railway
The Spiegelau Forest Railway (German: Spiegelauer Waldbahn) was a 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow gauge forest railway built for the transportation of logs from the woods around Spiegelau in the Bavarian Forest in southern Germany.

2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways
Two foot and 600 mm gauge railways are narrow-gauge railways with track gauges of 2 ft (610 mm) and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), respectively. Railways with similar, less common track gauges, such as 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) and 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm), are grouped with 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways.
Arcadio Arteaga
Arcadio Arteaga Oñate (6 December 1902), also known by his nickname Quirico Arteaga, was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder for Athletic Bilbao and Atlético Madrid.

He later became a manager, taking charge over Atlético Madrid, Recreativo de Huelva, and Real Valladolid.

Biscay Championship
The Biscay Regional Championship (Campeonato Regional de Vizcaya), also called the North Regional Championship (Campeonato Regional Norte) in its early editions, was an official football tournament in Spain organised by the North Football Federation.

It was played annually between 1913 and 1940 and served to elect the representatives of the region in the Spanish Cup, which at that time served as the overall annual national championship.