hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Switzerland (software)
Switzerland (named after the European country of the same name) is an open-source network monitoring utility developed and released by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). Its goal is to monitor network traffic between two systems running the program to see if the user's Internet service provider is violating network neutrality, like Comcast did in 2007 with the BitTorrent protocol.

Switzerland was featured in the Technology section of an issue of New Scientist in August 2008.

New Scientist
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology. Based in London, it publishes weekly English-language editions in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. An editorially separate organisation publishes a monthly Dutch-language edition. First published on 22 November 1956, New Scientist has been available in online form since 1996.

Sold in retail outlets (paper edition) and on subscription (paper and/or online), the magazine covers news, features, reviews and commentary on science, technology and their implications. New Scientist also publishes speculative articles, ranging from the technical to the philosophical.

New Scientist was acquired by Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) in March 2021.
Biglari
Biglari is an Iranian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fereidoun Biglari (born 1970), Iranian archaeologist and museum curator

Sardar Biglari (born 1977), investor and owner of Biglari Holdings

Sardar Biglari
Sardar Biglari (Persian: سردار بیگلری; born 1977) is an American entrepreneur who founded and serves as chairman and CEO of Biglari Holdings. He is also the chairman and CEO of Steak 'n Shake. Biglari is the founder, chairman and CEO of Biglari Capital, the general partner to The Lion Fund.
Russell N. Jordahl
Russell Nelton Jordahl (September 21, 1903 – November 27, 1988) was a decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. A Veteran of World War II, Korea and several expeditionary tours, Jordahl completed his career as commanding general, Landing Force Training Unit, Pacific.

"V" device
A "V" device is a metal 1⁄4-inch (6.4 mm) capital letter "V" with serifs which, when worn on certain decorations awarded by the United States Armed Forces, distinguishes a decoration awarded for combat valor or heroism from the same decoration being awarded for a member's actions under circumstances other than combat.

The decorations with which a "V" may be authorized differ among the military services, as well as the manner in which the "V" is worn and the name by which it is referred to. Until 2017, each service also used different criteria in determining whether a "V" could be authorized.
Stilt house
Stilt houses, (also known as pile or lake dwellings) are structures elevated on stilts above the ground or water body. They are primarily built to protect against flooding; and to keep out vermin. The shaded area beneath the house is often used for work or storage. Such dwellings are common across Southeast Asia, Oceania, Central America, the Caribbean, northern parts of South America, the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives.

Vermin
Vermin (colloquially varmint(s) or varmit(s)) are pests or nuisance animals that spread diseases and destroy crops, livestock, and property. Since the term is defined in relation to human activities, which species are included vary by region and enterprise.

The term derives from the Latin vermis (worm), and was originally used for the worm-like larvae of certain insects, many of which infest foodstuffs. The term varmint (and vermint) has been found in sources from c. 1530–1540s.
Santa Claus Lane
Santa Claus Lane is the debut studio album by American singer Hilary Duff. It was released in the United States on October 15, 2002, by Buena Vista Records. The Christmas album contains covers of songs, including "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town", "Jingle Bell Rock" "Wonderful Christmastime", "Sleigh Ride", and "Last Christmas". The album also features guest appearances from Christina Milian, Romeo Miller and Hilary's older sister Haylie Duff.

Santa Claus Lane peaked at number two on US Billboard Top Heatseekers and Top Kid Audio charts and peaked at number 154 on the US Billboard 200. It has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping 500,000 copies to retailers. Elsewhere, the album peaked at numbers 95 and 134 respectively in Canada and Japan. Its title track was featured in the 2002 Christmas comedy film The Santa Clause 2. The song was also released as a single alongside "Tell Me a Story" that December.

Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" is a Christmas song written by J. Fred Coots and Haven Gillespie, and first recorded by Harry Reser and His Orchestra. When it was covered by Eddie Cantor on his radio show in November 1934 it became a hit; within 24 hours, 500,000 copies of sheet music and more than 30,000 records were sold. The version for Bluebird Records by George Hall and His Orchestra (vocal by Sonny Schuyler) was very popular in 1934 and reached the various charts of the day. The song has been recorded by over 200 artists including Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters, Frank Sinatra, the Crystals, Neil Diamond, Fred Astaire, Bruce Springsteen, the Temptations, The Pointer Sisters, Mariah Carey,  Kylie Minogue, the Carpenters, the Jackson 5, Michael Bublé, Luis Miguel, Michael Bolton, Justin Bieber, Dolly Parton, Lady Gaga and Laufey.
Ram Chandra (cinematographer)
Ram Chandra (Ramchandra) was an Indian cinematographer who worked primarily in Hindi cinema. He won the National Film Award for Best Cinematography on two occasions: for Bambai Raat Ki Bahon Mein (1967) and Reshma Aur Shera (1971). He was a member of the Western India Cinematographers Association (WICA).

Besides winning the National Film Award for Best Cinematography, Reshma Aur Shera won two other National Awards and was nominated for the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival. It was also selected as the Indian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 44th Academy Awards but was not accepted as a nominee.

Ram Chandra worked with Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, considered a pioneer of Indian neo-realistic cinema, as well as with Sunil Dutt, known for his significant contributions to Indian cinema, especially as an actor.

Indian cinematographers
Indian cinematographers work in a number of regional film centres: Mumbai for films in Marathi and Hindi, Hyderabad for Telugu films, Chennai for Tamil films, Kochi for films in Malayalam, Kolkata for Bengali films, Bangalore for Kannada films, etc. Most Indian cinematographers are known for their work with one regional industry. Some cinematographers belong to various professional organisations and trade unions.
Virtual fencing (livestock)
Virtual fencing refers to systems that create boundaries or deterrent zones without the use of physical barriers. In livestock management, "virtual fencing" describes GPS-enabled collars and software that create movable, invisible boundaries that guide or restrict animal movement without constructing physical fences. Animals approaching a virtual boundary receive escalating cues from the collar, typically an audio warning followed by a brief electrical stimulus if they continue, which conditions most animals to respond to the sound alone after a short training period.

Animal Welfare Committee
The Animal Welfare Committee (AWC) is an independent advisory body established by the Government of the United Kingdom as the Farm Animal Welfare Committee in 2011, its name was changed to Animal Welfare Committee in 2019. It replaced the Farm Animal Welfare Council  which was an independent advisory body established in 1979. The Council published its Final Report before its closure and replacement on 31 March 2011.
Oxford UCCE and Oxford University in 2005
Oxford UCCE started their 2005 first-class season with a weak draw against a Gloucestershire side that opted to use the game as batting practice. Their second first-class game, against Derbyshire, Oxford UCCE did well in the first innings, dismissing their visitors cheaply and building up a large lead. However, they weren't able to dismiss them a second time, in a game which was reduced through rain. In the third match, they lost by ten wickets against Lancashire, after a poor showing in their second innings.

Paul McMahon
Paul Joseph McMahon (born 12 March 1983) is an English cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler.

McMahon has represented Nottinghamshire in first-class cricket since 2002. Between 2002 and 2005, he also studied for a law degree at Oxford University, captaining the University cricket team in his last two years.

McMahon was educated at The Trinity School, Nottingham and was the England Under-19s captain in the 2002 series against India.
Toomas Voll
Toomas Voll (born 17 June 1958 in Kilingi-Nõmme) is an Estonian composer, conductor and choir director.

From 1976 to 1979, he studied music pedagogics at Tallinn State Conservatory.

In 1996, he founded Toomas Voll Singing Studio. In 1996, he also founded Leelo National Girls' Choir, and was its conductor until 2006.

He has conducted at several Estonian Song Festivals.

Awards:

1995: "Teacher of the Year"

2008: Order of the White Star, V class

Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre
The Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre (Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia) began as a mixed choir of the Estonia Society Musical Department (EMD) on the eve of World War I. The assembly of the Estonia Society created the Tallinn Higher Music School on November 17, 1918. The opening ceremony took place on September 28, 1919. In 1923 the educational institution was renamed the Tallinn Conservatoire.  In 1938 the State Drama School was opened. In 1993 the school was renamed the Estonian Academy of Music. In 1995 the Drama Faculty was renamed the Higher Theatre School.

Some prominent graduates of the Estonian Academy of Music include singers Aile Asszonyi, Heli Lääts, and Ain Anger, conductors Roman Matsov, Tõnu Kaljuste, Olari Elts, Eri Klas, and Kristiina Poska, composers Arvo Pärt, Lepo Sumera, Erkki-Sven Tüür and Ardo Ran Varres, director Andres Puustusmaa, and actors Tõnu Aav, Heino Mandri, Elmo Nüganen, Ain Lutsepp, Margus Oopkaup, Jan Uuspõld, Tõnu Tepandi and Taavi Eelmaa.
Patrick Meenan (politician)
Patrick Henry Meenan (September 24, 1927 – August 16, 2001) was a Wyoming politician accountant, and radio station owner.

Meenan served as mayor of Casper, Wyoming and as speaker of the Wyoming House of Representatives.  He was a member of the Wyoming House  from 1968 to 1988. He was a Republican.

Meenan was trained as an accountant. He was also the owner of KATI and KAWY radio stations from 1957 to 1981.

Meenan began as a member of the Casper City council in the 1950s. From 1962 to 1965 he was mayor of Casper. Under his administration the number of paved streets in the city was significantly increased.

He and his wife Shirley were the parents of four children.

KMLD
KMLD is a commercial radio station located in Casper, Wyoming, broadcasting on 94.5 FM.  KMLD airs an oldies music format branded as "Melody 94.5".  The music programming is syndicated by Cumulus Media and the True Oldies Channel.

All Mt. Rushmore Casper stations are located at 218 N. Wolcott in downtown Casper. The transmitter is located on Casper Mountain.
Lufotrelvir
Lufotrelvir (PF-07304814) is an antiviral drug developed by Pfizer which acts as a 3CL protease inhibitor. It is a prodrug with the phosphate group being cleaved in vivo to yield the active agent PF-00835231. Lufotrelvir is in human clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, and shows good activity against COVID-19 including several variant strains, but unlike the related drug nirmatrelvir it is not orally active and must be administered by intravenous infusion, and so has been the less favoured candidate for clinical development overall.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Feels So Good (Grover Washington Jr. album)
Feels So Good is the fifth album by jazz saxophonist Grover Washington Jr., recorded and released in 1975. The album topped both the soul and jazz albums charts and peaked at number ten on the pop album charts in the U.S.

Grover Washington Jr.
Grover Washington Jr. (December 12, 1943 – December 17, 1999) was an American jazz-funk and soul-jazz saxophonist and Grammy Award winner. Along with Wes Montgomery and George Benson, he is considered by many to be one of the founders and legends of the smooth jazz genre.
He wrote some of his material and later became an arranger and producer.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Washington made some of the genre's most memorable hits, including "Mister Magic", "Reed Seed", "Black Frost", "Winelight", "Inner City Blues", "Let it Flow (For 'Dr. J')", and "The Best is Yet to Come".  In addition, he performed very frequently with other artists, including Bill Withers on "Just the Two of Us", Patti LaBelle on "The Best Is Yet to Come", and Phyllis Hyman on "A Sacred Kind of Love".
Gowers's sign
Gowers's sign is a medical sign that indicates weakness of the proximal muscles, namely those of the lower limb.  The sign describes a patient that has to use their hands and arms to "walk" up their own body from a squatting position due to lack of hip and thigh muscle strength.

It is named after William Richard Gowers.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
1974–75 Allsvenskan (men's handball)
The 1974–75 Allsvenskan was the 41st season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. Västra Frölunda IF won the regular season, but HK Drott won the playoffs and claimed their first Swedish title. IF Saab and IFK Lidingö were relegated.

IFK Lidingö
IFK Lidingö is a Swedish sports club, part of the IFK system, based on the island of Lidingö outside Stockholm. Although the club takes part in numerous sports, it is most famous for its football, athletics and orienteering sections. The football team are called IFK Lidingö FK.

The club was founded in 1932 and in 1985 it became an alliance club with independent sections. It currently has 400 members, most of them under around 15 years of age. The club arranges Lidingöloppet, which attracts nationwide attention.
Narragansett people
The Narragansett people are an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. Today, Narragansett people are enrolled in the federally recognized Narragansett Indian Tribe, headquartered in Rhode Island. Their Narragansett language belongs to the Algonquian language family.

The tribe was nearly landless for most of the 20th century but acquired land in 1991 and petitioned the Department of the Interior to take the land into trust on their behalf. This would have made the newly acquired land officially recognized as part of the Narragansett Indian reservation, taking it out from under Rhode Island's legal authority. In 2009, the United States Supreme Court ruled against the request in their lawsuit Carcieri v. Salazar, declaring that tribes which had achieved federal recognition since the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act did not have standing to have newly acquired lands taken into federal trust and removed from state control.

Sachem
A sachem /ˈseɪtʃəm/ or sagamore /ˈsæɡəmɔːr/ is a usually male paramount chief among the Algonquians or other Native American tribes of northeastern North America, including the Iroquois. The two words are anglicizations of cognate terms (c. 1622) from different Eastern Algonquian languages. Some sources indicate the sagamore was a lesser chief elected by a single band, while the sachem was the head or representative elected by a tribe or group of bands; others suggest the two terms were interchangeable. The sachem is an appointed or elected position and not strictly hereditary. However, the choice of sachem is at least partly based on the prominence of the individual's family or kinship ties to the previous sachem.
Winnipeg Route 25
Route 25 is a city route in the Canadian city of Winnipeg, Manitoba.  It follows Inkster Boulevard from Route 90 (Brookside Boulevard) to Route 180 (McPhillips Street).  West of Route 90, Inkster Boulevard becomes PTH 190 (CentrePort Canada Way) as it leaves Winnipeg and enters the Rural Municipality of Rosser.  East of McPhillips, Inkster continues to Route 52 (Main Street), but this is not part of Route 25.

The route is a major road running through residential and industrial areas.  The speed limit between Keewatin Street and Route 180 is 60 km/h (35 mph) while the speed limit between Route 90 and Keewatin Street is 70 km/h (45 mph).

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
2025 Florida State University shooting
On April 17, 2025, a mass shooting occurred on the campus of Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. The suspect, 20-year-old student Phoenix Ikner, has been charged with two counts of first-degree murder and seven counts of attempted first-degree murder.

The university issued an alert at 12:01 p.m. EDT (UTC−4) warning of a shooting at the Student Union area. The Florida State University Police Department later detained Ikner. A search was made for any additional shooters, and some local TV stations reported that two suspects were involved, but the Florida State University Police Department apprehended only one.

UTC−04:00
UTC−04:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −04:00.

It is observed in the Eastern Time Zone (e.g., in Canada and the United States) during daylight saving time, as Eastern Daylight Time. The Atlantic Time Zone observes it during standard time.

It is observed all year in the Eastern Caribbean and several South American countries.
Zhukovo, Belgorod Oblast
Zhukovo (Russian: Жу́ково) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Zhukovskoye Rural Settlement, Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 327 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast
Alexeyevsky District (Russian: Алексе́евский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Belgorod Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Alexeyevsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,765 square kilometers (681 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Alexeyevka (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 24,425 (2010 Census); 27,493 (2002 Census); 45,304 (1989 Soviet census).
Greg Smith (American football, born 1970)
Greg Smith (born c. 1970) was a walk-on to the Ohio State football team in 1988 after graduating from Glen Oak High School in Canton, Ohio.  Greg earned a scholarship at Ohio State in 1990 and started at nose tackle during the 1991 and 1992 seasons.  He was an Academic All-American in 1992.  Smith earned All-Big Ten honors in 1992. Greg Smith played for the Ohio State Buckeyes between 1988 and 1992.

Walk-on (sports)
In American and Canadian college athletics, a walk-on is someone who becomes part of a college team without being recruited or awarded an athletic scholarship. Walk-on players are generally viewed as less significant compared to the scholarship players, and may not even be placed on an official depth chart or traveling team. However, a walk-on player occasionally becomes a noted member of the team.
Savignano Irpino
Savignano Irpino is a village and comune in the province of Avellino, in the Campania region of southern Italy.

Located in Irpinia historical district, the town is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia, and it is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia
The Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia (Latin: Dioecesis Arianensis Hirpina-Laquedoniensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Benevento.

In 1986 the Diocese of Ariano and the Diocese of Lacedonia merged to form the current diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia, which comprises twenty towns in the province of Avellino, three in that of Benevento, and one in the province of Foggia. There are 43 parishes in the diocese.
Eddy's World
Eddy's World is a 2020 American documentary short film directed and produced by filmmaker Lyn Goldfarb, Eddy's daughter. Eddy's World was streamed on NewYorker.com. There are two versions of Eddy's World: an 18-minute version for festivals and streaming, and a 28-minute director's cut. Eddy’s World premiered at Mountainfilm Festival in May 2020.

Mountainfilm
Mountainfilm is a documentary film festival that showcases nonfiction stories about environmental, cultural, climbing, political and social justice issues in Telluride, Colorado. It has been held every Memorial Day weekend since 1979.

In 2000, Mountainfilm started touring its films and speakers internationally with Mountainfilm on Tour. Mountainfilm has since added Mountainfilm for Students, an educational component for schools across the country with free screenings of festival films that are supported by customized educational materials. Mountainfilm also funds Mountainfilm Commitment Grants, annual grants for filmmakers, photographers, artists and adventurers.