hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soba choko
Soba choko (Japanese: そば猪口, romanized: sobachoko) are 3–9 cm cup-sized Japanese porcelain vessels, suitable for drinking sake or Japanese tea, or for eating soba noodles. They were mass-produced for domestic use in Japan in the Edo Imari period (1620–1886), traditionally sold in sets of five, often non-matching.

Soba
Soba (そば or 蕎麦, "buckwheat") are Japanese noodles made from buckwheat flour, with varying amounts of wheat flour mixed in. 
It has an ashen brown color, and a slightly grainy texture. The noodles are served either chilled with a dipping sauce, or hot in a noodle soup. They are used in a wide variety of dishes.

In Japan, soba noodles can be found at fast food venues like standing-up-eating (立ち食いそば, tachigui-soba) to expensive specialty restaurants. Dried soba noodles are sold in stores, along with men-tsuyu, or instant noodle broth, to make home preparation easy.

The amino acid balance of the protein in buckwheat, and therefore in soba, is well matched to the needs of humans and can complement the amino acid deficiencies of other staples such as rice and wheat (see protein combining). The tradition of eating soba in ordinary people arose in the Edo period.
Shot Online
Shot Online is a massively multiplayer online golf video game which also features character development and MMORPG elements. It is developed by the Seoul-based game developer WebzenOnNet Co. Ltd., and published by Webzen under their game portal website, GamesCampus. Although there is no subscription fee or cost to download and play the game, the game offers upgraded "Gold" membership plans for a monthly fee, and additional items may be purchased using real currency through the game's website.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
Het Oude Jachthuis
Het Oude Jachthuis is a restaurant in Eursinge, near Pesse, in the Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1966 and retained that rating until 1980.

Arnold van Doesburg was the head chef and owner of the restaurant in the period 1960–2005.

Het Oude Jachthuis, represented by Arnold van Doesburg, was one of the founders of Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise The family Van Doesburg still runs Het Oude Jachthuis, but added a bed and breakfast in 2005.

The restaurant is located in a former farm/village pub, close to the A28. It is a listed building.

In 1967, during a visit to the province Drenthe, Prince Claus was received in Het Oude Jachthuis by the provincial officials.

Prince Claus of the Netherlands
Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg (born Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg; 6 September 1926 – 6 October 2002) was Prince of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until his death on 6 October 2002, as the husband of Queen Beatrix.

Initially a diplomat in the service of West Germany and West German deputy ambassador to Ivory Coast, Claus met Beatrix on New Year's Eve 1963 and married her in 1966. When his wife ascended to the throne in 1980, Claus took his place as Prince of the Netherlands, which he held until his death in 2002.
Skowronek (horse)
Skowronek (a name meaning lark or skylark in Polish) was an Arabian stallion foaled in 1908 or 1909.  He was bred by Count Józef Potocki who owned the Antoniny Stud in Poland.  He was imported to England as a young horse. Upon purchase by Lady Wentworth, Skowronek became a foundation stallion at Lady Wentworth's Crabbet Arabian Stud. He was most often crossed on mares who were daughters or granddaughters of the stallion Mesaoud, another foundation stallion for Crabbet, who had been bred by Ali Pasha Sherif and imported from Egypt to England by Lady Wentworth's parents, Wilfrid and Lady Anne Blunt.

Skowronek was a gray stallion, on the small side, noted for his outstanding Arabian type, particularly his fine head and overall correct conformation. Lady Wentworth preferred to breed taller Arabians, but also wanted to preserve Arabian type and beauty, and Skowronek helped her accomplish this goal.

Alauda
Alauda is a genus of larks found across much of Europe, Asia and in the mountains of north Africa, with one species (the Raso lark) endemic to the islet of Raso in the Cape Verde Islands. At least two additional species are known from the fossil record. The genus name is from Latin alauda, "lark". Pliny the Elder thought the word was originally of Celtic origin.
Elizabeth Compton Hegemann
Elizabeth Compton Hegemann (March 20, 1897 – April 8, 1962) was an early 20th-century American photographer, trader, and author best known for her photographs of Southwest Native American peoples taken during the 1920s and 1930s, especially the Navajo.

Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
Östergötland Runic Inscription 77
Östergötland Runic Inscription 77 or Ög 77 is the Rundata catalog designation for a Viking Age memorial runestone located at Hovgården (Hov Synod), which is seven kilometers north of Väderstad, Östergötland County, Sweden, and in the historic province of Östergötland.

Scandinavian Runic-text Database
The Scandinavian Runic-text Database (Swedish: Samnordisk runtextdatabas) is a project involving the creation and maintenance of a database of transliterated runic inscriptions. The project's goal is to comprehensively catalog runestones in a machine-readable way for future research. The database is freely available via the Internet with a client program, called Rundata, for Microsoft Windows. For other operating systems, text files are provided or a web browser can be used to interact with the web application Runor.
Duraj, Poland
Duraj [ˈdurai̯] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Parzęczew, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Parzęczew, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Zgierz, and 19 km (12 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
Stereo-Pak
The Muntz Stereo-Pak, commonly known as the 4-track cartridge, is a magnetic tape sound recording cartridge technology.

The Stereo-Pak cartridge was inspired by the Fidelipac 2-track monaural (audio & cue tracks, later 3-track for stereo) tape cartridge system invented by George Eash in 1954 and used by radio broadcasters for commercials and jingles in 1959. The Stereo-Pak was adapted from the Fidelipac cartridge design by Earl "Madman" Muntz in 1962, in partnership with Eash, as a way to play pre-recorded tapes in cars.

The tape is arranged in an infinite loop that traverses a central hub and crosses a tape head, usually under a pressure pad to assure proper tape contact. The tape is pulled by tension, and spooling is aided by a lubricant, usually graphite.

Graphite
Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/) is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.  Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3 million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's low cost, thermal and chemical inertness and characteristic conductivity of heat and electricity finds numerous applications in high energy and high temperature processes.
Vishnevsky
Vishnevsky (Russian: Вишневский, masculine) or Vishnevskaya (Вишневская, feminine) is the Russian surname of the Polish equivalent Wiśniewski, see the latter article for other variants of the surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Leonidovich Vishnevsky (1861–1943), Russian/Soviet actor

Alexander Alexandrovich Vishnevsky (1906–1975), Soviet physician

Aleksandr Sergeevič Višnevskij, Soviet and Russian speleologist

Alexander Vasilyevich Vishnevsky, Soviet physician

Anatoly Vishnevsky, Russian demographer and sociologist

Galina Vishnevskaya (1926–2012), Russian opera singer

Ivan Vishnenskiy (born 1988), Russian hockey player

Ivan Vishnevsky (1957–1996), Soviet footballer

Sergey Vishnevsky, Russian painter

Valentine Vishnevsky (born 1958), Ukrainian economist

Vikenty Vishnevsky, Polish/Russian astronomer

Vitaly Vishnevskiy (born 1980), Russian hockey player

Vladimir Vishnevsky, Russian poet

Vsevolod Vishnevsky (1900–1951), Russian dramatist

Alexander Alexandrovich Vishnevsky
Alexander Alexandrovich Vishnevsky (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Вишне́вский; May 24 [O.S. May 11] 1906 – 19 December 1975) was a Soviet surgeon, member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1953), honoured worker of science of the RSFSR (1956), Colonel General of Medical Corps (1966), and a Hero of Socialist Labor (1966). Vishnevsky first conducted a cardiac surgery under the local anesthesia (1953).

A son of Alexander Vasilyevich Vishnevsky, he elaborated the new methods for treating gunshot wounds treatment on the Eastern Front of World War II, such as using leeches to remove shrapnel. Later he was awarded several Soviet and foreign awards and prizes.
Rugarhynchos
Rugarhynchos is an extinct genus of doswelliid archosauriform from the Late Triassic of New Mexico. The only known species is Rugarhynchos sixmilensis. It was originally described as a species of Doswellia in 2012, before receiving its own genus in 2020. Rugarhynchos was a close relative of Doswellia and shared several features with it, such as the absence of an infratemporal fenestra and heavily textured skull bones. However, it could also be distinguished by many unique characteristics, such as a thick diagonal ridge on the side of the snout, blunt spikes on its osteoderms, and a complex suture between the quadratojugal, squamosal, and jugal. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and tooth morphology suggest that Rugarhynchos had a general skull anatomy convergent with some crocodyliforms, spinosaurids, and phytosaurs (particularly Smilosuchus). However, its snout was somewhat less elongated than those other reptiles.

Squamosal bone
The squamosal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. In fishes, it is also called the pterotic bone.

In most tetrapods, the squamosal and quadratojugal bones form the cheek series of the skull. The bone forms an ancestral component of the dermal roof and is typically thin compared to other skull bones.

The squamosal bone lies ventral to the temporal series and otic notch, and is bordered anteriorly by the postorbital. Posteriorly, the squamosal articulates with the quadrate and pterygoid bones. The squamosal is bordered anteroventrally by the jugal and ventrally by the quadratojugal.
Tensei Jingo
Tensei Jingo (天声人語, literally, the voice of heaven is the voice of people)  is the title of a column which appears on the front page of the Asahi Shimbun, a Japanese newspaper. It is a translation of the Latin phrase vox populi, vox dei ("The voice of the people is the voice of the gods"). The column is limited to 607 Japanese characters.

Vox populi
Vox populi (/ˌvɒks ˈpɒpjʊli, -laɪ/ VOKS POP-yuu-lee, -⁠lye) is a Latin phrase (originally Vox populi, vox Dei – "The voice of the people is the voice of God"; Latin: [ˈwɔks ˈpɔ.pʊ.lɪ ˈwɔks ˈdɛj]) that literally means "voice of the people." It is used in English in the meaning "the opinion of the majority of the people." In journalism, vox pop or man on the street refers to short interviews with members of the public.
Steve Eise
Steve Eise is an American retired soccer player who played professionally in the American Professional Soccer League.

Eise, brother of David Eise, graduated from Rosary High School in St. Louis, Missouri.  He attended St. Louis University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1985 to 1988.  On July 9, 1989, the St. Louis Storm selected Eise in the second round of the Major Indoor Soccer League Amateur Draft.  He never played a first team game with the Storm.  He also played indoors with the Detroit Rockers during the 1990–91 National Professional Soccer League season.  In 1990, Eise joined the Colorado Foxes of the American Professional Soccer League.  He was a 1990 Second Team All Western Conference and a 1991 All League Honorable Mention defender.

Colorado Foxes
The Colorado Foxes were a professional men's soccer club originally based in Commerce City, Colorado, that played in the American Professional Soccer League (APSL) and USL A-League. Founded in 1990, the club moved to San Diego, California in 1998 and became the San Diego Flash, and later San Diego F.C., before folding in 2001. The club won the 1992 Professional Cup, and back-to-back APSL titles in 1992 and 1993.
Pork knuckles and ginger stew
Pork knuckles and ginger stew (Chinese: 豬腳薑; pinyin: zhū jiǎo jiāng; Cantonese Yale: jyū geuk gēung) is a dish in traditional Cantonese cuisine. It is traditionally eaten by new mothers in Guangzhou to restore strength and health, and is presented to friends and family to indicate the arrival of a new baby.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Donna Denizé
Donna Denizé is an American poet and award-winning teacher at St. Albans School in Washington, D.C. who is Chairwoman of the English Department. She has contributed widely to journals and magazines with essays and poetry, written books of collections of poetry, participated in development of professional training programs for teachers as well as programs for students of multiple public schools. Some of her work has appeared in anthologies and magazines and she has contributed to some Corporation for Public Broadcasting print and video media. Denizé also acted in the movie "Locked Up: A Mother's Rage".

American Shakespeare Center
The American Shakespeare Center (ASC) is a regional theatre company located in Staunton, Virginia, that focuses on the plays of William Shakespeare; his contemporaries Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Christopher Marlowe; and works related to Shakespeare, like James Goldman's The Lion in Winter and Bob Carlton's Return to the Forbidden Planet.

The ASC is notable for its theatre, the Blackfriars Playhouse, the world's first recreation of the original indoor Blackfriars Theatre in London that was demolished in 1655. As a theater company, the ASC produces 8-9 shows per year with a repertory company at its Blackfriars Playhouse. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ASC also had a touring company that performed both at the Blackfriars and at other locations around the country. The ASC also provides a year-round laboratory for students and scholars through education programming in Staunton and on the road.
Bayou Brevelle
Bayou Brevelle is a series of interconnected, natural waterways totaling over 18 miles in length in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana.  Its main channel is at Old River and Kisatchie Bayou at Montrose to Natchez near the Cane River. During heavy rains or floods, Bayou Brevelle joins the Cane River. The bayou is flanked by Interstate 49 on the west and the Cane River on the east, and is one of the many waterways on Isle Brevelle.

Natchitoches people
The Natchitoches (/ˈnækətɪʃ/ NAK-ə-tish; Caddo: Náshit'ush) are a Native American tribe from northwestern Louisiana and Texas. They organized themselves in one of the three Caddo-speaking confederacies along with the Hasinai (between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas), and Kadohadacho (at the borders of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana).
Towie, Aberdeenshire
Towie is a small hamlet and civil parish in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, close to Alford and Lumsden, on the River Don.

One of the most notable features of Towie is its small primary school with nursery, which is located in the village itself.  As of September 2011, it had 22 pupils, before moving up to attend the Alford Academy.

In 1979 the telephone exchange at Glenkindie, just north of Towie, became the UK's first digital telephone exchange. As part of general developments towards digital telephony, small rural exchanges of this size were seen as candidates for solid-state exchanges as they might be more reliable than the previous electromechanical Strowger exchanges.

Strowger switch
The Strowger switch is the first commercially successful electromechanical stepping switch telephone exchange system. It was developed by the Strowger Automatic Telephone Exchange Company founded in 1891 by Almon Brown Strowger. Based on its mechanical characteristics, it is also known as a step-by-step (SXS) switch.
Visgeh
Visgeh (Persian: ويسگه, also Romanized as Vīsgeh and Vīsegeh; also known as Veysekeh and Vīsekeh) is a village in Harasam Rural District, Homeyl District, Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 140, consisting of 32 families.

Eslamabad-e Gharb County
Eslamabad-e Gharb County (Persian: شهرستان اسلام‌آباد غرب) or Shahabad- Ghrb County (Persian: شهرستان شاه‌آباد غرب) is in Kermanshah Province, Iran, part of what is unofficially referred to as Iranian Kurdistan. Its capital is the city of Eslamabad-e Gharb.
Taweh Creek
Taweh Creek is a tributary of Mess Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Stikine River in northwest part of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It flows generally northwest for about 25 km (16 mi) to join Mess Creek about 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Mess Creek's confluence with Raspberry Creek. Taweh Creek's watershed covers 159 km2 (61 sq mi) and its mean annual discharge is estimated at 4.32 m3/s (153 cu ft/s). The mouth of Taweh Creek is located about 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Telegraph Creek, about 60 km (37 mi) west-southwest of Iskut and about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Dease Lake. Taweh Creek's watershed's land cover is classified as 41.3% barren, 21.1% shrubland, 20.7% conifer forest, 8.4% herbaceous, 8.1% snow/glacier, and small amounts of other cover.

Taweh Creek is in Mount Edziza Provincial Park which lies within the traditional territory of the Tahltan people.

Barren vegetation
Barren vegetation describes an area of land where plant growth may be sparse, stunted, and/or contain limited biodiversity. Environmental conditions such as toxic or infertile soil, high winds, coastal salt-spray, and climatic conditions are often key factors in poor plant growth and development. Barren vegetation can be categorized depending on the climate, geology, and geographic location of a specific area.

Pine barrens, coastal barrens, and serpentine barrens are some of the more distinct ecoregions for barren vegetation and are the most commonly researched by scientists. Often referred to as "heathlands", barrens can be excellent environments for unique biological diversity and taxonomic compositions.
Ernest William Goodpasture
Ernest William Goodpasture (October 17, 1886 – September 20, 1960) was an American pathologist and physician. Goodpasture advanced the scientific understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, parasitism, and a variety of rickettsial and viral infections. Together with colleagues at Vanderbilt University, he invented methods for growing viruses and rickettsiae in chicken embryos and fertilized chicken eggs. This enabled the development of vaccines against influenza, chicken pox, smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever, and other diseases.  He also identified and described what would become known as Goodpasture syndrome.

JAMA
JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association. It publishes original research, reviews, and editorials covering all aspects of biomedicine. The journal was established in 1883 with Nathan Smith Davis as the founding editor. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California, San Francisco became the journal editor-in-chief on July 1, 2022, succeeding Howard Bauchner of Boston University.

According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal's 2024 impact factor is 55.0, ranking it 4th out of 332 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".