hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Azzo VII d'Este
Azzo VII d'Este (also known as Novello; 1205 – 16 February 1264) was Marquis of Ferrara from 1215 to 1222, and again from 1240 until his death.

The son of Azzo VI d'Este and a noblewoman from the Aldobrandeschi family, he married in 1225. He became the leader of the Guelph forces in the March of Ancona and faced the invasion of Duke Rainald of Spoleto during the War of the Keys in 1228–1230. In 1242, after defeating Ezzelino III da Romano, Azzo captured Ferrara and established his family's lordship in the city, which lasted until the late Renaissance.

In 1259, he again defeated Ezzelino and his Ghibelline troops in the Battle of Cassano. He married twice and had one son, Rinaldo (born after 1221), who was captured by Frederick II and died as a prisoner in Apulia in 1251. He also had three daughters: Cubitosa (died in 1275), Constanza (died in 1315), and Beatrice (died in 1262). He was succeeded by his grandson, Obizzo.

Rainald of Urslingen
Rainald of Urslingen was the son of Conrad of Urslingen and Duke of Spoleto from 1223 to 1230.

Rainald was initially appointed by the Papacy to oppose Dipold, Count of Acerra, and in 1228 he was granted sweeping powers, which he did not hesitate to use, as imperial vicar in the March of Ancona. In that year, he invaded the March and granted privileges to Osimo, San Ginesio, Ripatransone, and Recanati. This action sparked the War of the Keys.
Suti
Suti is a town, with a police station, not identified in 2011 census as a separate place, in the Suti II CD block in the Jangipur subdivision of Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, India.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Bright Sky
Bright Sky (foaled 8 May 1999) was an Irish-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who raced in France, Japan, the United States. Hong Kong and Dubai. After winning three minor races as a juvenile in 2001 she emerged as a top-class performer in the following year, winning the Prix de Diane and Prix de l'Opéra as well as running second in the Prix Saint-Alary and third in the Prix Vermeille. In 2003 she added a third Group 1 success in the Prix d'Astarte and was placed in the Prix d'Ispahan, Prix du Moulin and Prix de l'Opéra. She was retired from racing after two unsuccessful starts as a five-year-old. As a broodmare she produced several minor winners.

Prix d'Ispahan
The Prix d'Ispahan is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,850 metres (about 1 mile and 1¼ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in May.
Ignaców, Bełchatów County
Ignaców [iɡˈnat͡suf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zelów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Zelów, 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Bełchatów, and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the historic Sieradz Land.

According to the 1921 census, the village had a population of 235, entirely Polish by nationality.

1921 Polish census
The Polish census of 1921 or First General Census in Poland (Polish: Pierwszy Powszechny Spis Ludności) was the first census in the Second Polish Republic, performed on September 30, 1921, by the Main Bureau of Statistics (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). It was followed by the Polish census of 1931.
72nd Street station (IRT Second Avenue Line)
The 72nd Street station was a local station on the demolished IRT Second Avenue Line in Manhattan, New York City. It had three tracks and two side platforms. The next stop to the north was 80th Street. The next stop to the south was 65th Street. The station closed on June 11, 1940.  The site is now served by the 72nd Street station of the Second Avenue Subway.

IRT Second Avenue Line
The IRT Second Avenue Line, also known as the Second Avenue Elevated or Second Avenue El, was an elevated railway in Manhattan, New York City, United States, from 1878 to 1942. It was operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company until 1940, when the city took over the IRT. Service north of the 57th Street station ended on June 11, 1940; the rest of the line closed on June 13, 1942.
Zac Bruney
Zac Bruney (born c. 1983) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Wheeling University, a position he has held since 2017. He also coached for Mount Union, Toledo, and Ohio Dominican. He played college football for Mount Union as a quarterback and professionally for the Ohio Valley Greyhounds of United Indoor Football (UIF) as a wide receiver.

Ohio Dominican Panthers
The Ohio Dominican Panthers are the athletic teams that represent Ohio Dominican University, located in Columbus, Ohio, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sporting competitions. The Panthers compete as members of the Great Midwest Athletic Conference beginning in 2017. Ohio Dominican joined the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference in 2010 as part of its transition to NCAA Division II from the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).
Séamus Burke
Séamus Aloysius Burke (sometimes spelt Bourke) (15 June 1893 – 10 June 1967) was an Irish barrister and politician who served as Minister of State at the Department of Finance from 1927 to 1932 and Minister for Local Government and Public Health from 1924 to 1927. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 to 1938.

Minister of State at the Department of Finance
The Minister of State at the Department of Finance is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Finance of the Government of Ireland. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank. The position was created on 1 January 1978, replacing the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance.

The current Minister of State is Robert Troy, TD, who was appointed in January 2025.
Kerch Airport
Kerch Airport (Ukrainian: Аеропорт «Керч», Russian: Аэропорт «Керчь») (IATA: KHC, ICAO: URFK) is an airport in Kerch, Crimea. The airport is located 1.5 km northwest of the city (sometimes confused with the nearby Baherove Air Base). The airport is currently bankrupt, and was put on sale for 27 million UAH (3.3 million USD) by the city authorities.

Though the airport is bankrupt, it is still in service and is used by general aviation today. The airport itself is not in good condition. The runway needs repair, airport facilities are bad, there is a working ATC tower which is also needs improvements. There are no airline services to this airport.

Airline flights to/from the airport ceased operations in 2008, formerly encountering approximately 8-10 flights per day, both domestic and international. From 2005 to 2006, the airport tried to resume flights to Kyiv and Moscow using Motor Sich Airlines, but expenses were high and profit was too low, which made flying unprofitable.

Ukrainian hryvnia
The hryvnia (/(hə)ˈrɪvniə/ (hə-)RIV-nee-ə; Ukrainian: гривня [ˈɦrɪu̯nʲɐ] ⓘ, abbr. грн hrn; sign: ₴; code: UAH) has been the national currency of Ukraine since 2 September 1996. The hryvnia is divided into 100 kopiykas (Ukrainian: копійка). It is named after a measure of weight used in Kievan Rus'.
Morphism of algebraic varieties
In algebraic geometry, a morphism between algebraic varieties is a function between the varieties that is given locally by polynomials. It is also called a regular map. A morphism from an algebraic variety to the affine line is also called a regular function.
A regular map whose inverse is also regular is called biregular, and the biregular maps are the isomorphisms of algebraic varieties. Because regular and biregular are very restrictive conditions – there are no non-constant regular functions on projective varieties – the concepts of rational and birational maps are widely used as well; they are  partial functions that are defined locally by rational fractions instead of polynomials.

An algebraic variety has naturally the structure of a locally ringed space; a morphism between algebraic varieties is precisely a morphism of the underlying locally ringed spaces.

Birational geometry
In mathematics, birational geometry is a field of algebraic geometry in which the goal is to determine when two algebraic varieties are isomorphic outside lower-dimensional subsets. This amounts to studying mappings that are given by rational functions rather than polynomials; the map may fail to be defined where the rational functions have poles.
Wild Nights!
Wild Nights! Stories about the last days of Poe, Dickinson, Twain, James and Hemingway is a collection of short stories by American author Joyce Carol Oates, published in April 2008 by Ecco. As the title suggests, the stories are about the final days in the lives of authors Edgar Allan Poe, Emily Dickinson, Mark Twain, Henry James and Ernest Hemingway. The title comes from Dickinson's poem "Wild Nights – Wild Nights!", which also serves as its epigraph.

Epigraph (literature)
In literature, an epigraph is a phrase, quotation, or poem that is set at the beginning of a document, monograph or section or chapter thereof. The epigraph may serve as a preface to the work; as a summary; as a counter-example; or as a link from the work to a wider literary canon, with the purpose of either inviting comparison or enlisting a conventional context.

A book may have an overall epigraph that is part of the front matter, one for each chapter, or both.
Periodic paralysis
Periodic paralysis is a group of rare genetic diseases that lead to weakness or paralysis from common triggers such as cold, heat, high carbohydrate meals, not eating, stress or excitement and physical activity of any kind. The underlying mechanism of these diseases are malfunctions in the ion channels in skeletal muscle cell membranes that allow electrically charged ions to leak in or out of the muscle cell, causing the cell to depolarize and become unable to move.

The symptoms of periodic paralysis can also be caused by hyperthyroidism, and are then labeled thyrotoxic periodic paralysis; however, if this is the underlying condition there are likely to be other characteristic manifestations, enabling a correct diagnosis.

Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells. Ion channels are one of the two classes of ionophoric proteins, the other being ion transporters.

The study of ion channels often involves biophysics, electrophysiology, and pharmacology, while using techniques including voltage clamp, patch clamp, immunohistochemistry, X-ray crystallography, fluoroscopy, and RT-PCR. Their classification as molecules is referred to as channelomics.
Højbro Plads 15
Højbro Plads 15 is a Neoclassical property situated on Højbro Plads in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was like most of the other buildings in the area constructed as part of the rebuilding of the city following the Copenhagen Fire of 1795. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1950.

Emil Horneman
Johan Ole Emil Horneman  (May 13, 1809 – May 29, 1870) was a Danish composer.

He was born in Copenhagen, a son of miniature painter Christian Horneman. Despite his talent for drawing, Christian encouraged him to study music. He was taught by his father and later by Danish pianist and composer Friedrich Kuhlau.

In 1837, he was appointed piano teacher at the Royal Academy of Music. In 1842, he published '12 Caprices for Pianoforte' (Op. 1), which was praised by Robert Schumann. Most of his music is piano pieces or songs.

Emil's son C.F.E. Horneman also became a composer. He became a good friend to Edvard Grieg while both were students at Leipzig Conservatory.
Testosterone and the cardiovascular system
Testosterone and the cardiovascular system are the effects that the male hormone testosterone has on the cardiovascular system.

The predominant androgen in men, testosterone, has shown to substantially decline throughout the aging process. The decline in both serum and total testosterone with age have been linked to several disease states in men. In particular, cardiac failure and ischemic heart disease have been linked to this natural biochemical decline in testosterone. Previously, the higher cardiovascular risk in men has been attributed in part to the negative effects of systemic testosterone, however, more recent research has highlighted the protective nature of testosterone against cardiovascular disease. The magnitude and mechanism of action by which low testosterone in men is influential in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular risk and the potential benefits of testosterone therapy has yet to be fully determined.

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
Ørjan Berg Hansen
Ørjan Berg Hansen (born 29 April 1984) is a Norwegian football defender who is currently the director of sports of Fram Larvik.

Hailing from Larvik, he started his career in Larvik Turn, only to go on to second-tier team Sandefjord. In 2006 he was loaned out to Kongsvinger, a loan that was made permanent after the season. The highlight was contesting the 2010 Tippeligaen. One season for HamKam in 2012 was followed by retirement due to inflammations in the knee region. He was later hired as director of sports in third-tier team Fram Larvik, playing the occasional match when the team found themselves in dire need of match-fit players.

Larvik Turn
Larvik Turn & Idrettsforening is a Norwegian sports club that does football, handball, athletics, wrestling, and gymnastics.

The club was founded as early as 1865, and has been playing football since 1906. The football team was at its best during the 1950s, when it won the Norwegian Premier League three times; in 1953, 1955, and 1956. The club's only cup final appearance came in 1956, but this match was lost 2–1 to Skeid. Former Norwegian internationals Gunnar Thoresen, Hallvar Thoresen, Tom Sundby and Gunnar Halle have all played for Larvik Turn & I.F.

The most prominent representative of the athletics section is Lars Martin Kaupang, who had the Norwegian record in 1500 metres with 3:37.4 minutes from 30 June 1976 until 29 April 2012.
Glossary of education terms (M–O)
This glossary of education-related terms is based on how they commonly are used in Wikipedia articles.  This article contains terms starting with M – O.  Select a letter from the table of contents to find terms on other pages.

Idea
In philosophy and in common usage, an idea (from the Greek word: ἰδέα (idea), meaning 'a form, or a pattern') is the result of thought. Also in philosophy, ideas can also be mental representational images of some object. Many philosophers have considered ideas to be a fundamental ontological category of being. The capacity to create  and understand the meaning of ideas is considered to be an essential and defining feature of human beings.

An idea arises in a reflexive, spontaneous manner, even without thinking or serious reflection, for example, when we talk about the idea of a person or a place. A new or an original idea can often lead to innovation. Our actions are based upon beliefs, beliefs are patterns or organized sets of ideas.
James Bull (cricketer)
James Jonathan Bull (born 22 December 1976) is an English cricketer.  Bull is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break.  He was born at Leicester, Leicestershire.

Bull made his first-class debut for Oxford University against Northamptonshire in 1996.  From 1996 to 1999, he represented the university in 11 first-class matches, the last of which came against Cambridge University. In his 11 first-class matches, he scored 246 runs at a batting average of 15.37, with a high score of 47.  In the field he took a single catch.

In 2001, Bull represented the Leicestershire Cricket Board in a single List A match against the Warwickshire Cricket Board in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his only List A match he scored 10 runs and took a single catch. With the ball he took a single wicket at a cost of 12 runs.

He currently plays club cricket for Loughborough Town Cricket Club in the Leicestershire Premier Cricket League.

Leicestershire and Rutland Cricket League
The Everards Leicestershire and Rutland Cricket League (Leicestershire Cricket League until 2014) is the top level of competition for the amateur, recreational game of club cricket in Leicestershire and Rutland, England, and since 2002 has been a designated an ECB Premier League. The League headquarters is based in the Harborough District village of Thorpe Langton, Leicestershire.

In 2018 Uppingham Town became the first team from Rutland to take part in the Premier Division, with Oakham arriving in 2020. However, the 2020 competition was cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic. A replacement competition was organised for the later part of the season when cricket again became possible, but with the winners not to be regarded as official league champions.
Xu Yang (footballer, born 1974)
Xu Yang (simplified Chinese: 徐阳; traditional Chinese: 徐陽; pinyin: Xú Yáng; born 6 June 1974) was a former Chinese footballer who played as a midfielder. After his retirement as a player, he worked as a football coach for Beijing Baxy before he became a football pundit for CCTV sports channel.

CCTV-5
CCTV-5 (Chinese: 中国中央电视台体育频道), also known as the Sports Channel, part of the China Central Television family of networks, is the main sports broadcaster in the People's Republic of China.  CCTV-5 began broadcasting on 1 January 1995. CCTV-5 now broadcasts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Satellite distribution began on 30 November 1995 using the Apstar-2 satellite. On 17 December 2019, CCTV-5 launched on the terrestrial network in Macau. The launch was delayed several times due to unresolved rights problems.
Master Chorale of Washington
The Master Chorale of Washington, formerly the Paul Hill Chorale, was a symphonic choir based in Washington, D.C., composed of approximately 126 auditioned volunteer choristers and twenty-four professional choristers.  Its most recent music director was Donald McCullough (1997–2009).

National Symphony Orchestra
The National Symphony Orchestra (NSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Washington, D.C.  Founded in 1930 by cellist Hans Kindler, its principal performing venue is the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.

The NSO regularly participates in events of national and international importance, including performances for ceremonial state affairs, presidential inaugurations and official holiday celebrations, including the annual National Memorial Day Concert in May and A Capitol Fourth concerts on July 4.  The NSO presents a 52-week season of approximately 175 concerts each year. These include classical subscription series, pops concerts, and educational programs.
2021 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships
The 2021 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships was the fourth edition of the UCI Urban Cycling World Championships, and was held from 4 to 8 June 2021 in Montpellier, France.

The 2021 championships comprised events in freestyle BMX only. Previous editions had included events in cross-country eliminator and trials.

Cross-country eliminator
Cross-country eliminator (XCE) is a mountain bike race format in which four riders compete against each other over a very short course. In each heat, the two fastest riders get to the next round, while the two slower riders are eliminated from the race. It is similar to four-cross, except that the course is not downhill.

Cross-country eliminator races have a maximum duration of 60 seconds. The format differs from the classic cross-country race both in its sprint character and the separation of the race into heats. The track itself is similar to XC tracks, going both uphill and downhill with natural and/or artificial obstacles.
Rick Green (comedian)
Richard Green (born November 4, 1953) is a Canadian comedy writer, producer, director and performer.  He is most well known as co-creator of The Red Green Show, creator of ADD & Loving It?!, creator of History Bites, founder of Rick Wants to Know, and co-founder of comedy troupe The Frantics. Green also hosted Prisoners of Gravity on TVOntario.

TVO
TVO (stylized in all lowercase as tvo), formerly known as TVOntario, is a Canadian publicly funded English-language educational television network and media organization serving the Canadian province of Ontario. It operates flagship station CICA-DT (channel 19) in Toronto, which also relays programming across portions of Ontario through eight rebroadcast stations. All pay television (cable, satellite, IPTV) providers throughout Ontario are required to carry TVO on their basic tier, and programming can be streamed for free online within Canada.

TVO is operated by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority (OECA), a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario, which since 2022 has done business as the TVO Media Education Group (or TVO.me). TVO.me also operates TVO Today, TVO ILC, TVO Learn, and TVOKids.
Pièces froides
The Pièces froides (Cold Pieces) are two sets of piano pieces composed in March 1897 by Erik Satie. Unpublished until 1912, they marked Satie's break from the mystical-religious music of his "Rosicrucian" period (1891–95), and were a harbinger of his humoristic piano suites of the 1910s.

Biographer Rollo Myers placed the Pièces froides high among Satie's piano works, writing, "Only a born musician of the finest sensibility could have conceived these limpid and so essentially 'musical' pieces which ought to be in the repertory of every pianist who is more interested in music than virtuosity."

A third set of Pièces froides,  written in 1907 but shelved by the composer, was published posthumously.

Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism (/ˌroʊzɪˈkruːʃəˌnɪzəm, ˌrɒzɪ-/) is a spiritual and cultural movement influenced by Esoteric Christianity and Hermeticism that arose in early modern Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts announcing to the world a new secret society. Rosicrucianism is symbolized by the Rose Cross or Rosy Cross. There have been several Rosicrucian (or Rosicrucian-inspired) organizations since the initial movement was founded, including the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross (1750s–1790s), the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (1865–present), and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1887–1903).