hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Corinth Head
Corinth Head is a rocky headland 0.5 nautical miles (1 km) southeast of Rogers Head, overlooking the west side of Corinthian Bay, on the north side of Heard Island. The feature appears to have been roughly charted by the First German Antarctica Expedition under Erich von Drygalski, who made a running survey of the north side of the island in 1902. It was resurveyed by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1948, and so named by them because of its close association with Corinthian Bay.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
Act of Consolidation, 1854
The Act of Consolidation, more formally known as the act of February 2, 1854 (P.L. 21, No. 16), is legislation of the Pennsylvania General Assembly that created the consolidated City and County of Philadelphia, expanding the city's territory to the entirety of Philadelphia County and dissolving the other municipal authorities in the county.

The law was enacted by the General Assembly and approved February 2, 1854, by Governor William Bigler. This act consolidated all remaining townships, districts, and boroughs within the County of Philadelphia, dissolving their governmental structures and bringing all municipal authority within the county under the auspices of the Philadelphia government. Additionally, any unincorporated areas were included in the consolidation.  The consolidation was drafted to help combat lawlessness that the many local governments could not handle separately and to bring in much-needed tax revenue for the State.

Pennsylvania General Assembly
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is a bicameral body consisting of an upper house, the Pennsylvania State Senate, with 50 members, and a lower house, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, with 203 members. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg.

During colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791.
Hugues de Fosses
Hugues de Fosses (*ca. 1093, Fosses-la-Ville; +10.02.1164, Prémontré) was a Norbertine Abbot and successor of Saint Norbert as the Abbot of Prémontré Abbey, the mother house of the Premonstratensians. The Order and the Catholic Church venerate him as a Blessed.

Fosses-la-Ville
Fosses-la-Ville (French pronunciation: [fos la vil] ⓘ; Walloon: Fosse-li-Veye) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

On January 1, 2018, Fosses-la-Ville had a total population of 10,449. The total area is 63.24 km2 which gives a population density of 165 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Aisemont, Fosses, Le Roux, Sart-Eustache, Sart-Saint-Laurent, and Vitrival.
Fred Lutkefedder
Fred Lutkefedder (April 15, 1910 – April 28, 1986) was an American soccer player who was a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1933, Lutkefedder signed with the Philadelphia German-Americans of the American Soccer League.  The German-Americans won the 1936 National Challenge Cup in two games with Lutkefedder coming on as a substitute in the second game.  In 1936, he was selected to play for the U.S. soccer team at the 1936 Summer Olympics.  In 1937, he moved to the New York Americans.  At some point, he moved to the Philadelphia Passon, returning to the German-Americans the 1943–1944 season.  That year the German-Americans won the title.  Lutkefedder retired at the end of the season.

American Soccer League (1933–1983)
The American Soccer League has been a name used by four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States. The second American Soccer League was established in summer 1933 following the collapse of the original American Soccer League, which lasted from 1921 until spring 1933. The new league was created on a smaller scale and with smaller budgets. This league existed until over-expansion and financial limitations led to its collapse in 1983. Two successor leagues later operated.
Clan Campbell of Cawdor
Clan Campbell of Cawdor is a highland Scottish clan and a branch of the larger Clan Campbell. While the clan is recognised by the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs, the clan does not have a clan chief recognised by the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs. Also, because the clan does not have a clan chief recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms it is considered an armigerous clan. The head of the Clan Campbell of Cawdor is the Earl Cawdor, since 1993 Colin Campbell.

Colin Campbell, 7th Earl Cawdor
Colin Robert Vaughan Campbell, 7th Earl Cawdor, DL (born 30 June 1962), styled Viscount Emlyn from 1970 to 1993, is a Scottish peer, landowner, and architect. A member of the House of Lords from 1993 to 1999, he is Vice-Lord Lieutenant of Nairnshire.
Ali Al-Badwawi
Ali Hamad Madhad Saif Al-Badwawi (Arabic: علي حمد معضد سيف البدواوي; born 22 December 1972) is an Emirati football referee.

Al-Badwawi became a FIFA referee in 2005. He was a referee at the 2007 and 2011 AFC Asian Cup, as well as the AFC Champions League. In international competitions, he officiated at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup and qualifiers for the 2010 and 2014 World Cups.

In March 2013, FIFA named Al-Badwawi to a list of 52 candidate referees for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. On 2 April 2013, he sent off Anawin Jujeen in AFC Champions League game between Jiangsu Sainty and Buriram United.

2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup
The 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup was the 14th edition of the FIFA U-17 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-17 national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It was hosted by Mexico from 18 June to 10 July 2011. Mexico won the tournament after defeating Uruguay 2–0 in the final, claiming the country's second title. Mexico also became the first host nation to win the FIFA U-17 World Cup.

Players born after 1 January 1994 could participate in this tournament.
Styan's bulbul
Styan's bulbul (Pycnonotus taivanus) is a  species of bulbul that is endemic to eastern and southern Taiwan. Though locally common in some areas, it has been listed as a species vulnerable to extinction. Its decline has been caused by habitat destruction and hybridisation with the closely related Chinese or light-vented bulbul. The two species' ranges overlap in several areas, partly because birds of the latter species have been released for Buddhist ceremonies. The species has already become extinct in Yilan County (Taiwan).

Yilan County, Taiwan
Yilan, alternately spelled I-lan, is a county in northeastern Taiwan. It has a population of 450,031, and its seat is located in Yilan City.

Before the Han Chinese Wu Sha led his company into large-scale reclamation in today's Yilan in 1787, the area was mainly inhabited by the indigenous Kavalan people. During the Japanese rule, much of the present day Yilan County was part of Japan within its Taihoku Prefecture. When the Republic of China took over Taiwan in 1945, it became part of Taipei County until 10 October 1950 when 12 southeastern townships of Taipei County split off to form the present day Yilan County.
Salivirus
Salivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Picornaviridae. Humans and chimpanzees serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Salivirus A (Salivirus aklasse).

Picornavirales
Picornavirales is an order of viruses with vertebrate, invertebrate, protist and plant hosts.  The name has a dual etymology.  First, picorna- is an acronym for poliovirus, insensitivity to ether, coxsackievirus, orphan virus, rhinovirus, and ribonucleic acid.  Secondly, pico-, meaning extremely small, combines with RNA to describe these very small RNA viruses. The order comprises viruses that historically are referred to as picorna-like viruses.
Cantiaci
The Cantiaci or Cantii were an Iron Age Celtic people living in Britain before the Roman conquest, and gave their name to a civitas of Roman Britain. They lived in the area now called Kent, in south-eastern England. Their capital was Durovernum Cantiacorum, now Canterbury.

They were bordered by the Regni to the west, and the Catuvellauni to the north.

Julius Caesar landed in Cantium in 55 and 54 BCE, the first Roman expeditions to Britain. He recounts in his De Bello Gallico v. 14:

Ex his omnibus longe sunt humanissimi qui Cantium incolunt, quae regio est maritima omnis, neque multum a Gallica differunt consuetudine.

Of all these [British tribes], by far the most civilised are they who dwell in Kent, which is entirely a maritime region, and who differ but little from the Gauls in their customs.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
Abakanovo
Abakanovo (Russian: Абаканово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Abakanovo, Tver Oblast, a village in Toropatskoye Rural Settlement of Andreapolsky District of Tver Oblast; 56°46′26″N 32°04′26″E﻿ / ﻿56.77389°N 32.07389°E﻿ / 56.77389; 32.07389

Abakanovo, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, a selo in Abakanovsky Selsoviet of Cherepovetsky District of Vologda Oblast; 59°17′13″N 37°39′34″E﻿ / ﻿59.28694°N 37.65944°E﻿ / 59.28694; 37.65944

Abakanovo, Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Nikolskoye Rural Settlement of Kaduysky District of Vologda Oblast; 59°29′21″N 37°01′52″E﻿ / ﻿59.48917°N 37.03111°E﻿ / 59.48917; 37.03111

Abakanovo, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Semenkovsky Selsoviet of Vologodsky District of Vologda Oblast; 59°17′43″N 39°49′27″E﻿ / ﻿59.29528°N 39.82417°E﻿ / 59.29528; 39.82417

Kaduysky District
Kaduysky District (Russian: Ка́дуйский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Belozersky District in the north, Cherepovetsky District in the east and in the south, Ustyuzhensky District in the southwest, and with Babayevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,300 square kilometers (1,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Kaduy. Population: 17,109 (2010 Census); 18,653 (2002 Census); 19,988 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kaduy accounts for 66.0% of the district's total population.
Toyota Paseo
The Toyota Paseo (known as the Toyota Cynos (Japanese: トヨタ・サイノス, Toyota Sainosu) in Japan and other regions) is a sports-styled subcompact car sold from 1991 until 1999 by Toyota and was directly based on the Tercel. It was available as a coupé and in later models as a convertible. Toyota stopped selling the car in the United States in 1997, however the car continued to be sold in Canada, Europe and Japan until 1999. The Paseo, like the Tercel, shares a platform with the Starlet. Several parts are interchangeable between the three.

The name "Paseo" is Spanish for "a walk" or "a stroll", while the name "Cynos" is a coined word taken from "cynosure", meaning "the target of attention". In Japan it was exclusive to Toyopet Store locations.

Car platform
A car platform is a shared set of common design, engineering, and production efforts, as well as major components, over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of cars, often from different, but somewhat related, marques. It is practiced in the automotive industry to reduce the costs associated with the development of products by basing those products on a smaller number of platforms. This further allows companies to create distinct models from a design perspective on similar underpinnings. A car platform is not to be confused with a platform chassis, although such a chassis can be part of an automobile's design platform, as noted below.
Close back rounded vowel
The close back rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨u⟩.

In most languages, this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips ('endolabial'). However, in a few cases the lips are compressed ('exolabial').

[u] alternates with labio-velar approximant [w] in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, [u̯] with the non-syllabic diacritic and [w] are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.

Phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic alphabet, phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phonetics) by means of symbols. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Amelanchier interior
Amelanchier interior or Wiegand's shadbush is type of serviceberry shrub. It produces a sweet tasting edible fruit called a pome, which can be eaten raw or cooked. The fruit has a sweet flavor. This species is a deciduous tree. It grows on hillsides and banks of streams and reaches up to nine meters. The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay soil. It can grow in acid, neutral and alkaline soils, as well as shade or semi-shade. It requires moist soil.

Pome
In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae. Pomes consist of a central 'core' containing multiple small seeds, which is enveloped by a tough membrane and surrounded by an edible layer of flesh. Pome fruit trees are deciduous, and undergo a dormant winter period that requires cold temperatures to break dormancy in spring. Well-known pomes include the apple, pear, and quince.
Queue (hairstyle)
A queue or cue is a hairstyle historically worn by the Jurchen and Manchu peoples of Manchuria, and was later required to be worn by male subjects of Qing China. The top of the scalp is shaved and the back portion of hair on the head is often grown long  and is braided. The distinctive hairstyle led to its wearers being targeted during anti-Chinese riots in Australia and the United States.

The edict that Han Chinese men and others under Manchu rule give up their traditional hairstyles and wear the queue, the Tifayifu, was met with resistance, although opinions about the queue did change over time. Han women were never required to wear their hair in the traditional women's Manchu style, liangbatou, although that too was a symbol of Manchu identity.

History of Chinese Australians
The history of Chinese after those from the British Isles. Significant Chinese emigration only began in earnest after the discovery of gold and the sequent gold rushes in Australia. This migration shaped and influenced Australian policies on immigration for over a century.
Linbrook Lake
Linbrook Lake, also called Linbrook East, is a lake located just west of the New Forest National Park in Hampshire, England with the village of Blashford extending further west toward the A338 road. The nearest sizable town to this lake is Ringwood, which lies approximately 1.2 miles (2.3 km) south-west.  This area is frequented by bird watchers, and the lake can be viewed from the Avon Valley Path.

The lake is about 20 acres (8.1 ha), with thick weeds and depths up to 12 feet (3.7 m).  It is a top tench fishery, and is also known for bream and carp, and occasional rudd.

This lake is adjacent to the Blashford Lakes Nature Reserve.

Bream
Bream (/ˈbriːm/, US also /ˈbrɪm/ ⓘ) are species of freshwater fish belonging to a variety of genera including Abramis (e.g., A. brama, the common bream), Ballerus, Blicca, Chilotilapia, Etelis, Lepomis, Gymnocranius, Lethrinus, Nemipterus, Pharyngochromis, Rhabdosargus, Scolopsis, or Serranochromis.

Although species from all of these genera are called "bream", the term does not imply a degree of relatedness between them. Fish termed "bream" tend to be narrow, deep-bodied species. The name is a derivation of the Middle English word breme, of Old French origin.
Kinghorn Lifeboat Station
Kinghorn Lifeboat Station is located at St James Place, Kinghorn, a town and seaside resort on the northern shore of the Firth of Forth, on the Fife peninsula, on the east coast of Scotland.

A lifeboat station was established at Kinghorn by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) on 26 June 1965.

The station currently operates a B-class (Atlantic 85) Inshore lifeboat, Tommy Niven (B-836), on station since 2009.

Seaside resort
A seaside resort is a city, town, village, or hotel that serves as a vacation resort and is located on a coast. Sometimes the concept includes an aspect of an official accreditation based on the satisfaction of certain requirements such as in the German Seebad. Where a beach is the primary focus for tourists, it may be called a beach resort.
Hamare Tumhare
Hamare Tumhare is a 1979 Hindi movie, produced by F. C. Mehra and directed by Umesh Mehra. The film stars Sanjeev Kumar, Raakhee, Amjad Khan, Prem Krishen, David, Mehmood, Asrani, Anil Kapoor (In his film debut), Lucky Ali, and Amrish Puri. The film's music is by R. D. Burman. The rights to this film are owned by Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment.

Amjad Khan (actor)
Amjad Khan (12 November 1940 – 27 July 1992) was a renowned Indian actor and film director. He worked in over 132 films in a career spanning nearly twenty years. He was the son of the actor Jayant. He gained popularity for villainous roles in mostly Hindi films, the most famous among his enacted roles being Gabbar Singh in the 1975 film Sholay and of Dilawar in Muqaddar Ka Sikandar (1978).
Nora Noffke
Nora Noffke is a German geologist who is a professor in the Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, USA. Noffke's research focuses on the sedimentology of biofilm forming sedimentary structures in modern aquatic environments, where clastic deposits dominate. Such structures occur in the fossil record as well. Her studies are interdisciplinary combining sedimentology with microbiology, geochemistry, and mineralogy.

Clastic rock
Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of geological detritus, chunks, and smaller grains of rock broken off other rocks by physical weathering. Geologists use the term clastic to refer to sedimentary rocks and particles in sediment transport, whether in suspension or as bed load, and in sediment deposits.
Xyloglucan
Xyloglucan is a hemicellulose that occurs in the primary cell wall of all vascular plants; however, all enzymes responsible for xyloglucan metabolism are found in Charophyceae algae. In many dicotyledonous plants, it is the most abundant hemicellulose in the primary cell wall. Xyloglucan binds to the surface of cellulose microfibrils and may link them together. It is the substrate of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, which cuts and ligates xyloglucans, as a means of integrating new xyloglucans into the cell wall. It is also thought to be the substrate of alpha-expansin, which promotes cell wall enlargement.

Expansin
Expansins are a family of closely related nonenzymatic proteins found in the plant cell wall, with important roles in plant cell growth, fruit softening, abscission, emergence of root hairs, pollen tube invasion of the stigma and style, meristem function, and other developmental processes where cell wall loosening occurs. Expansins were originally discovered  as mediators of acid growth, which refers to the widespread characteristic of growing plant cell walls to expand faster at low (acidic) pH than at neutral pH. Expansins are thus linked to auxin action. They are also linked to cell enlargement and cell wall changes induced by other plant hormones such as gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene and brassinosteroids.

A subset of the β-expansins are also the major group-1 allergens of grass pollens.
2017 Nürnberger Versicherungscup – Doubles
Kiki Bertens and Johanna Larsson were the defending champions, but Bertens chose not to participate this year. Larsson played alongside Kirsten Flipkens, but lost in the final to Nicole Melichar and Anna Smith, 6–3, 3–6, [9–11].

Nicole Melichar-Martinez
Nicole Melichar-Martinez (née Melichar; Czech: Nicole Melicharová, Czech pronunciation: [ˈmɛlɪxarovaː]; born July 29, 1993) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. On 3 July 2023, she peaked at world No. 6 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Melichar won a title in mixed doubles at the 2018 Wimbledon Championships with Austrian partner Alexander Peya.
She has also won 17 WTA Tour doubles titles as well as two 125 titles on the WTA Challenger Tour.

In singles, she has reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 400 in 2012 and has won two ITF titles.
Resulköy
Resulköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Toroslar, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 946 (2022). It is situated in the lower slopes of Toros Mountains and just at the north of the Çukurova motorway. Distance to Mersin city center is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). Scallion is the most important agricultural crop of the village.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Figure skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Center Arena in Lake Placid, New York. Three figure skating events were contested: men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating. The competitions were held from Monday, 8 February to Friday, 12 February 1932. It was the first time the events were held indoors.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.