hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Relation algebra
In mathematics and abstract algebra, a relation algebra is a residuated Boolean algebra expanded with an involution called converse, a unary operation. The motivating example of a relation algebra is the algebra  of all binary relations on a set , that is, subsets of the cartesian square , with  interpreted as the usual composition of binary relations  and , and with the converse of  as the converse relation.

Relation algebra emerged in the 19th-century work of Augustus De Morgan and Charles Peirce, which culminated in the algebraic logic of Ernst Schröder. The equational form of relation algebra treated here was developed by Alfred Tarski and his students, starting in the 1940s. Tarski and Givant (1987) applied relation algebra to a variable-free treatment of axiomatic set theory, with the implication that mathematics founded on set theory could itself be conducted without variables.

Unary operation
In mathematics, a unary operation is an operation with only one operand, i.e. a single input. This is in contrast to binary operations, which use two operands. An example is any function ⁠⁠, where A is a set; the function ⁠⁠ is a unary operation on A.

Common notations are prefix notation (e.g. ¬, −), postfix notation (e.g. factorial n!), functional notation (e.g. sin x or sin(x)), and superscripts (e.g. transpose AT). Other notations exist as well, for example, in the case of the square root, a horizontal bar extending the square root sign over the argument can indicate the extent of the argument.
Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai
The Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai (English: Lessinia and Lagorai Shepherd) is an old Italian dog breed from the northeastern region called Triveneto. It is not recognized by any major kennel organisation.

Northeast Italy
Northeast Italy (Italian: Italia nord-orientale or just Nord-est) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Northeast encompasses four of the country's 20 regions:

Emilia-Romagna

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

Veneto
Carly Wray
Carly Ann Wray is an American television writer and producer. She is known for her writing on the AMC drama Mad Men and The Leftovers on HBO. She won a Writers Guild of America Award for Dramatic Series for Mad Men in 2016, and was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series along with the producing staff of Westworld in 2018.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series is an award presented since 1951 by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). The award goes to the producers of the series. The award is often cited as one of the "main awards" at the Emmys ceremonies.
The Magic Mountain
The Magic Mountain (German: Der Zauberberg, pronounced [deːɐ̯ ˈtsaʊbɐˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a German novel by Thomas Mann published in November 1924. It has been republished in several editions and translated into numerous languages.

Venusberg (mythology)
Venusberg (German pronunciation: [ˈveːnʊsbɛʁk] ⓘ, lit. 'Mountain of Venus') is a motif of European folklore rendered in various legends and epics since the Late Middle Ages.
It is a variant of the folktale topos of "a mortal man seduced by the fairy queen visits the otherworld" (as in Thomas the Rhymer). In German folklore of the 16th century, the narrative becomes associated with the  minnesinger Tannhäuser who becomes obsessed with worshipping the goddess Venus.
All-Russian Democratic Conference
The All-Russian Democratic Conference (Democratic Conference) was a meeting of representatives of political parties and public organizations, held in Petrograd from September 27 to October 5, 1917. The outcome of the meeting was the creation of the Pre-Parliament.

Provisional Council of the Russian Republic
Provisional Council of the Russian Republic (Russian: Временный совет Российской республики, (also known as Pre-parliament) was a legislative assembly of the Russian Republic. It convened at the Marinsky Palace on October 20, 1917, but was dissolved by the Bolsheviks on November, 7/8, 1917. It was headed by a presidium of five members with Nikolay Avksentiev (Social-Revolutionary) as president.
Begonia giganticaulis
Begonia giganticaulis is a tree-like Begonia species (family Begoniaceae) recently discovered in Tibet. It is believed to be the tallest known Begonia species at 3.6 m (12 ft) in height, and a basal diameter of 12 cm (4.7 in). The team, headed by Daike Tian discovered it in Medog County, Tibet on 10 September 2020. Its main floristic difference is that the male flowers have six tepals as against the four tepals found in most Begonias. The simple, entire leaves are like those of myrtle and privet. It is considered endangered because it is estimated there are less than one thousand adult plants in its known range. While most of Tibet has an alpine climate, Medog County is a subtropical valley protected by high mountains.

Privet
A privet is a flowering plant in the genus Ligustrum. The genus contains about 50 species of erect, deciduous or evergreen shrubs or trees, with a native distribution from Europe to tropical and subtropical Asia, and with one species each native to Australia and north Africa. Some species have become widely naturalized or invasive where introduced. Privet was originally the name for the European semi-evergreen shrub Ligustrum vulgare, and later also for the more reliably evergreen Ligustrum ovalifolium and its hybrid Ligustrum × ibolium used extensively for privacy hedging, though now the name is applied to all members of the genus. The generic name was applied by Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) to L. vulgare. It is often suggested that the name privet is related to private, but the Oxford English Dictionary states that there is no evidence to support this.
The Deep End of the Ocean (film)
The Deep End of the Ocean is a 1999 American drama film directed by Ulu Grosbard, and starring Michelle Pfeiffer, Treat Williams, Jonathan Jackson, John Kapelos, and Whoopi Goldberg. It is based on the 1996 novel by Jacquelyn Mitchard, a bestseller that was the first novel selected by Oprah Winfrey to be discussed on Oprah's Book Club in 1996. The film tells the story of a family's reaction when Ben, the youngest son, is kidnapped and then found nine years later, living in the same town where his family had just moved. The film was released in theaters on March 12, 1999, by Columbia Pictures, and was a box-office flop, grossing $28 million worldwide.

The Deep End of the Ocean
The Deep End of the Ocean is a best-selling novel by Jacquelyn Mitchard, released in 1996.  It is about an American middle class, suburban family that is torn apart when the youngest son is kidnapped and raised by a mentally ill woman, until he appears at the front doorstep of his real mother and asks if he can mow the lawn.
Yor Anei
Yor Anei (born December 7, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for Vëllaznimi of the Kosovo Basketball Superleague. He played college basketball for the Oklahoma State Cowboys, the SMU Mustangs and the DePaul Blue Demons.

DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball
The DePaul Blue Demons Men's Basketball program is the NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball program of DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois. The team competes in the Big East Conference. DePaul's last NCAA tournament victory was in 2004. DePaul's NCAA tournament record since the end of the 1991–92 season is 1–2, spanning the last 30 tournaments played.

The Blue Demons play home games at Wintrust Arena at the McCormick Place convention center on Chicago's Near South Side.
John Hardy (geneticist)
Sir John Anthony Hardy FRS (born 9 November 1954) is a human geneticist and molecular biologist at the Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies at University College London with research interests in neurological diseases.

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
Army Deployment Force
The Army Deployment Force (ADF) is a rapid deployment unit of the Singapore Army responsible for conducting counter-terrorism and expeditionary operations. The ADF was established in 2016, in response to modernised terrorist attacks such as the November 2015 Paris attacks.  It consists of only regular servicemen, primarily from the Guards formation.

ADF is also deployed for Peace Support Operations and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief missions.

Expeditionary warfare
Expeditionary warfare is a military invasion of a foreign territory, especially away from established bases. Expeditionary forces were in part the antecedent of the modern concept of rapid deployment forces. Traditionally, expeditionary forces were essentially self-sustaining with an organic logistics capability and with a full array of supporting arms.
Acidoton
Acidoton is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1788. It is native to the Greater Antilles, Central America, and tropical South America.

Species

Formerly included

moved to other genera (Flueggea Jablonskia Margaritaria Meineckia Securinega )

Securinega
Securinega is a genus of plants in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described as a genus in 1789. As presently conceived, the genus is native to Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean. In the past, it was considered to be much more widespread, thus explaining the long list of species formerly included. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.

Species

Securinega antsingyensis Leandri - W Madagascar

Securinega capuronii Leandri - W Madagascar

Securinega durissima J.F.Gmel. - Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues Island

Securinega perrieri Leandri - W Madagascar

Securinega seyrigii Leandri - W Madagascar

Formerly included

moved to other genera (Actephila Andrachne Chascotheca Cleistanthus Flueggea Jablonskia Margaritaria Meineckia Neoroepera Savia Tetracoccus )
Bonfield (surname)
Bonfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dawn Bonfield, British materials engineer

George Robert Bonfield (1802–1898), English-born American sketcher and painter

James Bonfield (1825–1883), Canadian politician

John Bonfield (1915–1976), British trade unionist

Peter Bonfield (born 1944), British business executive

William Bonfield (born 1937), British material scientist

Peter Bonfield
Sir Peter Leahy Bonfield CBE FREng (born 3 June 1944) is a business executive who has led a number of companies in the fields of electronics, computers and communications. Currently a director of several companies in the USA, Europe and the Far East, he was formerly chief executive of ICL and more recently of BT Group. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Institution of Engineering and Technology, the British Computer Society, the Chartered Institute of Marketing, the Marketing Society and the Royal Society of Arts.  He is a Liveryman of The Worshipful Company of Information Technologists, Freeman of the City of London, Honorary Citizen of Dallas, Texas and Member of the Pilgrims of Great Britain.
Phillip Forsyth
Phillip Forsyth was a Canadian newspaper and radio journalist, who was co-host of As It Happens, with Harry Brown and William Ronald, from 1968 to 1969. Previous to his hosting As It Happens, he was an editor for the Canadian Press, a staff writer with the Toronto Star and then a freelance broadcast journalist.

Broadcast journalism
Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds.
Makrysi
Makrysi (Greek: Μακρύσι, before 1927: Σιάλεσι - Sialesi) is a village and a community in the municipality of Megalopoli, Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on a hillside on the left bank of the river Elissonas, at 496 m elevation. It is 3 km northwest of Mallota and 3 km northeast of Megalopoli town centre. The community consists of the villages Makrysi and Kato Makrysi. Kato Makrysi is situated at 450 m elevation. Zacharias Barbitsiotis, an anti-Ottoman insurgent defeated the Turks in Sialesi in the 1780s.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
Tadipatri mandal
Tadipatri mandal or Tadpatri mandal is one of the 31 mandals in Anantapur district of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is under the administration of Anantapuramu revenue division and the headquarters are located at Tadipatri town.

Anantapuramu revenue division
14°40′55″N 77°36′02″E﻿ / ﻿14.68189°N 77.60059°E﻿ / 14.68189; 77.60059

Anantapuramu revenue division is an administrative division in the Ananthapuram district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district with 12 mandals under its administration. The divisional headquarters is located at Ananthapuram.
1963–64 Irish Cup
The 1963–64 Irish Cup was the 84th edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knock-out cup competition in Northern Irish football. It began on 22 February 1964, and concluded on 25 April with the final.

The trophy was won by Derry City, who won the trophy for the third time defeating Glentoran in the final. The defending champions were Linfield, who were defeated 2–0 in the first round by Crusaders.

There was also a qualifying round, which saw four junior teams qualify for the first round: Ballyclare Comrades (1–0 against Brantwood), Banbridge Town (1–0 against Larne), Carrick Rangers (4–3 against Queen's University), and Newry Town (2–1 against Dundela).

Irish Cup
The Irish Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly referred to as the Irish Cup (currently known as the Clearer Water Irish Cup for sponsorship purposes) is the primary football knockout cup competition in Northern Ireland. Inaugurated in 1881, it is the fourth-oldest national cup competition in the world. Prior to the break-away from the Irish Football Association by clubs from what would become the Irish Free State in 1921, the Irish Cup was the national cup competition for the whole of Ireland.

Since 3 October 2023, the cup has been sponsored by Clearer Water. It was previously sponsored by Nationwide Building Society, Bass Ireland Ltd, JJB Sports, Tennent's Lager and Sadler's Peaky Blinder and Samuel Gelston's Irish Whiskey.

Dungannon Swifts are the current holders after defeating Cliftonville 4–3 on penalties in the 2025 final.
Felicity Dowker
Felicity Dowker is a speculative fiction writer from Victoria, Australia. She is predominantly recognised as a writer in the horror genre.

In 2009, she won the Ditmar Award (Australian SF Award) for Best New Talent. Her story "Jesse's Gift" was nominated for the Aurealis Award for Horror Short Story.

Dowker's stories have appeared in a number of Australian publications including Borderlands, Aurealis and Andromeda Spaceways Inflight Magazine. One story in particular, "Bread and Circuses", was the recipient of positive reviews after appearing in the Scary Kisses anthology, and was described in Scoop magazine as one of the highlights of the collection.

Her story, "Bread and Circuses" is a finalist for the 2010 Ditmar Award for Short Fiction as well as the 2010 Australian Shadows Award for Short Fiction.

Dowker's first story collection, Bread and Circuses, was published in 2012.

Andromeda Spaceways Inflight Magazine
Andromeda Spaceways Inflight Magazine or ASIM is a fantasy and science fiction magazine published out of Canberra, ACT, Australia.  The publishers of ASIM describe it as "Australia's Pulpiest SF Magazine".  The magazine is currently edited by Andromeda Spaceways Publishing Incorporated and is published quarterly. Although originally sold only in Australia, subscriptions for ASIM are now available worldwide through Amazon.com and other online vendors.
Alfred Park Nature Reserve
Alfred Park is a small (8.4 ha) wetland swamp forest in New Germany, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  It is managed by the Ethekwini Municipality.

The park is noted for its frog population, including reed frogs, various tree frogs, and the rare argus reed frog.  There are picnic areas and self-guided trails in the park.

The park is currently under threat from alien invasive species, especially the Pickerel weed, which has impacted the frog population.

Freshwater swamp forest
Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests, are forests which are inundated with freshwater, either permanently or seasonally. They normally occur along the lower reaches of rivers and around freshwater lakes. Freshwater swamp forests are found in a range of climate zones, from boreal through temperate and subtropical to tropical.
Girls Academic Leadership Academy
Girls Academic Leadership Academy: Dr. Michelle King School for STEM (GALA) is a public grade 6–12 all girls' school in Mid-City, Los Angeles. It is a part of the Los Angeles Unified School District. Mathematics and science are specialty fields of the school. It is named after Michelle King, a Los Angeles educator.

Michelle King (educator)
Michelle King (March 9, 1961 – February 2, 2019) was an American educator. She was the first black woman to serve as superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), the second-largest school district in the United States. She was appointed in January 2016 by the Los Angeles Board of Education.
Landmark Africa Group
Landmark Africa Group is a Nigerian hospitality, commercial real estate, and tourist destination development and services company. Landmark Lagos, the group's headquarters at Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria attracted over 3.5 million visitors in 2023.

Landmark's portfolio includes Hard Rock Café Lagos, Landmark Leisure Beach, Landmark Event Centre, and The Landmark Towers.

Landmark Leisure Beach
Landmark Leisure Beach is a beach that is located in Lagos, Lagos State Nigeria. It is at numbers 3 & 4 Water Corporation Road, VI, Lagos. The beach is open to the public every day. It employed paid lifeguards who watch over the beach and have rescued many people from drowning.
Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year
The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year is an annual award given to the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference's (MEAC) most outstanding player. The award was first given following the 1971–72 season. There has never been a tie for co-player of the year in the award's history, nor has there been a national player of the year. Two players have been named the MEAC Player of the Year three times: Marvin Webster of Morgan State (1973–75) and Joe Binion of North Carolina A&T (1982–84). The school with the most all-time honorees is North Carolina A&T, now a member of the Big South Conference, which has had nine winners, but its last award before its 2021 departure was in 1988. Among current members, Coppin State and Norfolk State have the most recipients with eight each. The only current member of the MEAC without a winner is Maryland Eastern Shore.

Norfolk State Spartans men's basketball
The Norfolk State Spartans men's basketball team represents Norfolk State University, located in Norfolk, Virginia, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They currently compete in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. The Spartans are currently coached by Robert Jones and play their home games at the Joseph G. Echols Memorial Hall.

The Spartans men's basketball team is best known for defeating the #2 seeded Missouri in the 2012 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament 86–84, the first tournament appearance for Norfolk State. It was only the fifth time that a 15th seed has defeated a 2nd seed. Norfolk State has qualified for the NCAA tournament at the Division I level four times, in 2012, 2021, 2022, and 2025.
2022 Asian Men's Club League Handball Championship
‌The 2022 Asian Club League Handball Championship was the 24th edition of the championship  held from 22 to 30 June 2022 at Hyderabad, India under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation. It was the second time in history that the championship was organised by the Handball Federation of India. It acted as the qualification tournament for the 2022 IHF Men's Super Globe, with top team from the championship directly qualifying for the event to be held in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Dammam
Dammam (Arabic: الدمام, romanized: ad-Dammām) is an industrial port city and the seat of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Located on the coast of the Arabian Gulf, it had a population of 1,386,166 as of 2022, making it the country's fifth-largest city after Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, and Medina. Dammam forms the core of the Dammam metropolitan area, also known as Greater Dammam, which includes the neighboring governorates of Khobar and Qatif. As of 2022, the metropolitan area's population was 2,743,318, making it the third-largest in the country.
Santa Clarita Cowboy Festival
Santa Clarita Cowboy Festival is an annual event held at the William S. Hart Park in Old Town Newhall, Santa Clarita, California. Each year, over 10,000 global visitors attend lectures and performances on multiple stages by famous poets, authors, instructors, musical acts, and dancers in fields including Western, Bluegrass, Americana, Spoken Word, folk, Native American, and Mexican American traditions. Guests take part in cowboy and cowgirl living history through activities such as life around a chuck wagon, roping, bull riding, crafts, games, and trying several dishes, such as BBQ and peach cobbler.

At the festival, guests can also attend a demonstration of plains Tipi living, tours of the historic Heritage Junction town and train engine, appearances by lasso expert Dave Thornbury and gunslinger Joey Rocketshoes Dillon, the Buffalo Soldiers camp, and a Western and Civil War reenactment.

Joey Rocketshoes Dillon
Joey Rocketshoes Dillon is an armorer in the film industry, expert handler and trick showman of Western firearms, historian, production consultant, and singer-songwriter. Notably he is a three time world champion gunslinger.