hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oeceoclades gracillima
Oeceoclades gracillima, sometimes known in horticulture by the synonym Oeceoclades roseovariegata, is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus Oeceoclades that is endemic to Madagascar. It was first described by the German botanist Rudolf Schlechter under the illegitimate name Eulophia gracillima in 1913. Schlecter later validly republished the species under the name Eulophidium gracillimum in 1925. It was then moved to the genus Oeceoclades by Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor in 1976.

Oeceoclades gracillima is found mostly in dry soils in southern and western Madagascar.

Rudolf Schlechter
Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids.

He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America and Australia.

His vast herbarium was destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1945.
La Gran Peña
La Gran Peña (also known as el Círculo de la Gran Peña) is a private community centre located in the building on Gran Vía 2 in Madrid. The community was created in 1869 by the Spanish military. Presidents of the institution are usually high-ranking military personnel or members of the Grandee. Politicians like José Canalejas, José Calvo Sotelo, as well as royals as Alfonso XIII, and since 1975 Juan Carlos I, are among the most illustrious club members.

The building was designed by architects Eduardo Gambra Sanz and Antonio de Zumárraga in November 1914, just when Gran Vía was being built. Nowadays, it also hosts a 5-star hotel, although its entrance is located on the side street Calle del Marqués de Valdeiglesias.

José Calvo Sotelo
José Calvo Sotelo, 1st Duke of Calvo Sotelo, GE (6 May 1893 – 13 July 1936) was a Spanish jurist and politician. He was the minister of finance during the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and a leading figure during the Spanish Second Republic. During this period, he became an important part of Spanish Renovation, a monarchist movement. Calvo Sotelo's assassination in July 1936 by the bodyguard of PSOE party leader Indalecio Prieto was an immediate prelude to the triggering of the Spanish military coup of July 1936 that was plotted since February 1936, the partial failure of which marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner
Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner (or Sams-Turner; also known as Alice B. S. Turner;  March 13/18, 1859 – July 10, 1915) was an American physician, who also taught school, and was a frequent contributor to the public press. She graduated with the Class of 1884 from the Keokuk College of Physicians and Surgeons as an allopathic doctor. Turner practised medicine in Colfax, Iowa, from March, 1884. She was a member of the Iowa State Medical Society; Iowa Public Health Association, having been the first woman admitted to membership, in 1890, of the State Library Association; Colfax Public Library Association, secretary four years, 1893–97; Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle; Woman's Christian Temperance Union; Woman's Relief Corps; Rathbone Sisters; and was health officer of Colfax, 1886–87.

Woman's Relief Corps
The Woman's Relief Corps (WRC) is a charitable organization in the United States, originally founded as the official women's auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) in 1883. The organization was designed to assist the GAR and provide post-war relief to Union veterans. The GAR had been created as a "fraternal" organization and refused to allow women to join up until the creation of this auxiliary. It is largely dedicated to historical preservation of research and official documentation related to the WRC and GAR.
Nupshamrane Peaks
The Nupshamrane Peaks (71°57′S 3°20′W﻿ / ﻿71.950°S 3.333°W﻿ / -71.950; -3.333) are peaks just east of the Klumpane Peaks, on the west side of the Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and was named Nupshamrane (the high peaks).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Nupshamrane Peaks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (also known as NBSX or NBSAE) (1949–1952) was the first Antarctica expedition involving an international team of scientists. The team members came from Norway, Sweden and the British Commonwealth of Nations.
Kirants Monastery
Kirants Monastery is a 13th-century Armenian monastery located about 10 kilometers southwest of Kirants village in the Tavush Province of Armenia. The Georgian Orthodox Church in Armenia has laid claim to the monastery, which the Armenian Apostolic Church rejects.

The Kirants Monastery was most likely founded by the Zakarid ruler Avag Zakarian, who was of Chalcedonian faith. The frescoes of the monastery are from the 1230s-1240s.

Georgian Orthodox Church in Armenia
This is an incomplete list of Georgian Orthodox churches in Armenia.

The list includes churches and monasteries of Georgian origin which were moved into the territory of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic after 1921 border changes between Armenia and Georgia caused by sovietization, and are now located in Armenia. Georgian churches in Armenia are under the jurisdiction of the Dmanisi and Agarak-Tashiri Eparchy based in Georgia.
The Old Shepherd's Chief Mourner
The Old Shepherd's Chief Mourner is an 1837 genre painting by the British artist Edwin Landseer. It depicts a faithful collie resting its head on the draped coffin of its shepherd. The painting implies that human mourners have departed, leaving the dog to whom his death means the most in a silent vigil. The setting is in the Scottish Highlands. It remains one of Landseer's best-known works. The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1837 at the National Gallery in London. It was well-received by critics, but overshadowed by the painter's Return from Hawking. It was only with the publication of Modern Painters by John Ruskin, who lavished praise on, that is acquired legendary status. Today it is in the possession of the Victoria and Albert Museum, having been donated by the art collector Joseph Sheepshanks in 1857 as part of the Sheepshanks Gift.

Vigil
A vigil is a period of purposeful sleeplessness, an occasion for devotional watching, or an observance.

The word derives from the Latin vigilia meaning "wakefulness" (Greek: pannychis, παννυχίς or agrypnia ἀγρυπνία), and the Italian word vigilia has become generalized in this sense and means "eve" (as in "on the eve of the war").
Nahra
Nahra is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India.It is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) from sub district headquarter, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from district headquarter and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Sri Hargobindpur
Sri Hargobindpur is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Situated on the banks of the Beas River
Sixth Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Hargobind Sahib ji established this city on the land bought by his father and fifth guru, Shri Guru Arjan Dev Sahib ji, the city is also the erstwhile capital of the Ramgarhia Misl.

The Gurudwara Dhamdama Sahib stands at the site of the battle of Hargobindpur fought between Sikh forces led by Guru Hargobind and Mughal forces in 1630.
Thumbor
Thumbor is an open-source image processing service for real-time image resizing and manipulation. Originally developed by Globo.com, the tool is written in Python and supports smart image cropping using facial recognition and other object detection algorithms. Thumbor is free software licensed under the MIT License and distributed through GitHub. It is notably used by large-scale organizations, including the Wikimedia Foundation, Amazon Web Services, and Square for their image processing infrastructure, and is recognized as a popular self-managed image content delivery network (CDN).

MIT License
The MIT License is a permissive software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the late 1980s. As a permissive license, it puts few restrictions on reuse and has high license compatibility.

Unlike copyleft software licenses, the MIT License allows reuse within proprietary software, provided that all copies of the software or its substantial portions include a copy of the terms of the MIT License and also a copyright notice. In 2015 and 2025, the MIT License was the most popular software license on GitHub.

Notable projects that use the MIT License include the X Window System, Ruby on Rails, Node.js, Lua, jQuery, .NET, Angular, and React.
Cape storm (2017)
An unusually large south Atlantic storm struck the southern coast of South Africa on 7 June 2017 with wind gusts as high as 120 km/h.  Wave heights of 9–12 metres were recorded between Cape Columbine and Cape Agulhas. The storm directly caused eight deaths and damaged 135 schools across the Western Cape. Around 800 homes were flooded across the city of Cape Town due to the storm.

Despite dropping up to 50 mm of rain, the storm did not break the Cape Town water crisis affecting the region.

Cape Agulhas
Cape Agulhas (/əˈɡʊljəs/; Portuguese: Cabo das Agulhas [ˈkaβu ðɐz ɐˈɣuʎɐʃ], "Cape of Needles") is a rocky headland in Western Cape, South Africa. It is the geographic southern tip of Africa and the beginning of the traditional dividing line between the Atlantic and Indian oceans according to the International Hydrographic Organization. It is approximately half a degree of latitude, or 55 kilometres (34 mi), farther south than the Cape of Good Hope.

Historically, the cape has been known to sailors as a significant hazard on the traditional clipper route. It is sometimes regarded as one of the great capes. It was most commonly known in English as Cape L'Agulhas until the 20th century. The town of L'Agulhas is near the cape.
Steven Goldmann
Steven Harvey Goldmann (August 18, 1961 – April 30, 2015) was a Canadian music video and film director. He directed over 200 music videos. Goldmann also directed the movies Broken Bridges and Trailer Park of Terror, and additionally directed several television programs. Goldmann died of cancer on April 30, 2015.

MusicRow
MusicRow is a Nashville music industry trade publication. The publication delivers online content in addition to six annual print magazines including its InCharge, Artist Roster and Publisher directories. MusicRow Enterprises is also home to song pitch-sheet RowFax, and the MusicRow radio chart.
Bids for the 2007 Pan American Games
Two cities submitted bids to host the 2007 Pan American Games that were recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization. PASO selected Rio de Janeiro, Brazil over San Antonio, United States as the host for 15th Pan American Games on August 24, 2002, at its general assembly held in Mexico City, Mexico by a vote of 30 to 21.

Panam Sports
Panam Sports, officially the Pan American Sports Organization (Spanish: Organización Deportiva Panamericana), is an international organization which represents the current 41 National Olympic Committees of the American continents.

It is affiliated with the International Olympic Committee and its affiliated bodies, including ANOC, the Association of National Olympic Committees, and serves as the continental association of the American Continents.

The organization's flagship event is the quadrennial Pan American Games, held since 1951. The Parapan American Games were inaugurated in 1999 for disabled athletes and are held alongside the able-bodied Pan American Games. The Pan American Winter Games, for winter sports, were held only once in 1990. The Pan American Sports Festival was inaugurated in 2014 as a developmental event for the region's athletes.
Ball and shot gun
The ball and shot gun, often also known by the marketing name paradox gun, is a shotgun capable of firing both shot and solid projectiles. First built by Holland and Holland, the term paradox is a proprietary name applied to these guns by Holland and Holland.

Bullet
A bullet is a kinetic projectile, a component of firearm ammunition that is shot from a gun barrel. They are made of a variety of materials, such as copper, lead, steel, polymer, rubber and even wax; and are made in various shapes and constructions (depending on the intended applications), including specialized functions such as hunting, target shooting, training, and combat. Bullets are often tapered, making them more aerodynamic. Bullet size is expressed by weight and diameter (referred to as "caliber") in both imperial and metric measurement systems. Bullets do not normally contain explosives but strike or damage the intended target by transferring kinetic energy upon impact and penetration.
David Hays (academic)
David Hays (aka  Huys) was an English 15th–16th-century Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.

Hayes was a Doctor of Divinity and a Dominican Catholic Friar. He was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University during 1499–1500, together with William Atwater and Thomas Chaundeler.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
Open Systems Adapter
The Open Systems Adapter (OSA) is a network controller for IBM z/Architecture, ES/9000 and S/390 mainframes. The OSA can be installed in a mainframe I/O cage. The OSA supports Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI connectivity. The maximum data rate is 10 Gbps.

Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a standard for data transmission in a local area network.
It uses optical fiber as its standard underlying physical medium.

It was also later specified to use copper cable, in which case it may be called CDDI (Copper Distributed Data Interface), standardized as TP-PMD (Twisted-Pair Physical Medium-Dependent), also referred to as TP-DDI (Twisted-Pair Distributed Data Interface).

FDDI was effectively made obsolete in local networks by Fast Ethernet which offered the same 100 Mbit/s speeds, but at a much lower cost and, from 1998 on, by Gigabit Ethernet due to its speed, even lower cost, and ubiquity.
Isbanir Fossa
Isbanir Fossa is a north-south trending escarpment on Saturn's moon Enceladus.  Isbanir Fossa was first seen in Voyager 2 images, though a small section was seen at much higher resolution by Cassini.  It is centred at 12.6° North Latitude, 354.0° West Longitude and is approximately 132 kilometres long.  Based on photoclinometric analysis of Voyager 2 images (using topographic shading in an image to determine slope), like the one at right, Isbanir Fossa was determined to be a 300-metre tall, west-dipping scarp (Kargel and Pozio 1996).  Two sets of troughs can be seen running perpendicular to Isbanir Fossa, like Daryabar Fossa.  These troughs appear to be right-laterally offset 15–20 km east and west of Isbanir Fossa, suggesting that the scarp may be a strike-slip fault or even a transform fault with troughs like Daryabar Fossa representing spreading centres (Rothery 1999).

Isbanir Fossa is named after the home of Fakir Taj from Arabian Nights.

Photoclinometry
Photoclinometry, or shape-from-shading, is the process by which a 2-dimensional image of a surface is transformed into a surface map that represents different levels of elevation. It uses the shadows and light direction as reference points. It is used mostly to depict the surface of sculptures, to give an idea of how it would look in 3-dimensions. The techniques depend on very specific conditions, especially light direction.
Robbie Cooke
Robert Leslie Cooke (16 February 1957 – 7 August 2021) was an English footballer and manager who played as a forward in the Football League, most notably for Peterborough United and Brentford. He represented England C at international level while playing non-League football. After retiring from football, Cooke managed Warboys Town and later became a scout.

Grantham Town F.C.
Grantham Town Football Club is a football club based in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. They are currently members of the United Counties League Premier Division North and play at the South Kesteven Sports Stadium.
Charencey, Orne
Charencey (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁɑ̃sɛ]) is a commune in the department of Orne, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2018 by merger of the former communes of Saint-Maurice-lès-Charencey (the seat), Moussonvilliers and Normandel.

Natura 2000
Natura 2000 is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union. It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive, respectively. The network includes both terrestrial and Marine Protected Areas.

The Natura 2000 network covered more than 18% of the European Union's land area and more than 7% of its marine area in 2022.
Combe Moor
Combe Moor, also known as Coombes Moor, is a linear hamlet in the civil parish of Byton in Herefordshire, England, to the south-east of the Welsh town of Presteigne, near the border with Wales, and 17 miles (27 km) north-west from the county town of Hereford.

Byton, Herefordshire
Byton is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England. Byton is situated on the River Lugg, near the border with Wales.  According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 93, increasing to 184 at the 2011 census.
Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (IPH) is a lung disease of unknown cause that is characterized by alveolar capillary bleeding and accumulation of haemosiderin in the lungs. It is rare, with an incidence between 0.24 and 1.23 cases per million people.

Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system. Capillaries are microvessels and the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are composed of only the tunica intima (the innermost layer of an artery or vein), consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells. They are the site of the exchange of many substances from the surrounding interstitial fluid, and they convey blood from the smallest branches of the arteries (arterioles) to those of the veins (venules). Other substances which cross capillaries include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose, uric acid, lactic acid and creatinine. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymphatic fluid collected in microcirculation.
Kaliga
Kaliga [kaˈliɡa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radoszyce, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Radoszyce, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Końskie, and 29 km (18 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie County
Końskie County (Polish: powiat konecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Końskie, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Stąporków, lying 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Końskie.

The county covers an area of 1,139.90 square kilometres (440.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 77,019, out of which the population of Końskie is 19,176, that of Stąporków is 5,639, and the rural population is 52,204.
Eduard Kink
Eduard Kink (8 November 1895 in Vana-Kariste Parish (now Mulgi Parish), Kreis Pernau – 13 January 1942 in Solikamsk, Russian SFSR) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the III and IV Riigikogu, representing the Estonian Socialist Workers' Party. He became a member of the Riigikogu on 1 July 1926 when he replaced Alma Ostra-Oinas.

4th Riigikogu
The 4th Riigikogu was the fourth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1929 elections (held on 11–13 May 1929). It sat between 15 June 1929 and 14 June 1932, before the next round of elections were held.
Percival Petrel
The Percival Q.6 was a 1930s British communications aircraft built by Percival Aircraft Limited at Luton. Originally, the Percival Q.6 was a civil transport but It was used during the Second World War by the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy as a communications and liaison aircraft. It was a twin-engine, low-wing monoplane with a tailwheel undercarriage.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Handsome (Kilburn and the High-Roads album)
Handsome is the debut album of the Ian Dury rock group Kilburn and the High-Roads, released in June 1975 by Dawn Records.

The band had apparently originally wanted to call the album No Hand Signals, but the idea was rejected by Dawn. The photo on the back cover displayed a Chuck Berry style duckwalk, which is said to be the inspiration for the Madness group's 'nutty train' on the front cover of their album (and single) One Step Beyond....

One Step Beyond...
One Step Beyond... is the debut studio album by the English ska and pop band Madness, released on 19 October 1979 by Stiff Records. Recorded and mixed in about three weeks, the album peaked at number two and remained on the UK Albums Chart for more than a year. The album has received much critical praise. It was ranked 90th in a 2005 survey held by British television station Channel 4 to determine the 100 greatest albums of all time.

This was the first album produced by the team of Clive Langer and Alan Winstanley, who would go on to produce more Madness albums and to work with artists including Elvis Costello and the Attractions, Morrissey, Dexys Midnight Runners, They Might Be Giants and David Bowie.
East–West Highway (New England)
The East–West Highway is a long-proposed east–west highway corridor in northern New England (Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont), intended to link remote northern communities in those states with markets in the Maritimes, Quebec, and upstate New York.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. It had a population of 21,956 at the 2020 census. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on the Piscataqua River bordering the state of Maine, Portsmouth was formerly the home of the Pease Air Force Base, since converted to Portsmouth International Airport at Pease.