hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3D object recognition
In computer vision, 3D object recognition involves recognizing and determining 3D information, such as the pose, volume, or shape, of user-chosen 3D objects in a photograph or range scan.  Typically, an example of the object to be recognized is presented to a vision system in a controlled environment, and then for an arbitrary input such as a video stream, the system locates the previously presented object.  This can be done either off-line, or in real-time.  The algorithms for solving this problem are specialized for locating a single pre-identified object, and can be contrasted with algorithms which operate on general classes of objects, such as face recognition systems or 3D generic object recognition.  Due to the low cost and ease of acquiring photographs, a significant amount of research has been devoted to 3D object recognition in photographs.

Harris affine region detector
In the fields of computer vision and image analysis, the Harris affine region detector belongs to the category of feature detection. Feature detection is a preprocessing step of several algorithms that rely on identifying characteristic points or interest points so to make correspondences between images, recognize textures, categorize objects or build panoramas.
Echinacea purpurea
Echinacea purpurea, the eastern purple coneflower, purple coneflower, hedgehog coneflower, or Echinacea, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to parts of eastern North America and present to some extent in the wild in much of the eastern, southeastern and midwestern United States, as well as in the Canadian Province of Ontario. It is most common in the Ozarks, the Mississippi Valley, and the Ohio Valley. Its habitats include dry open woods, prairies, and barrens.

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
Joy Langan
Joy Langan (23 January 1943 – 30 July 2009) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993. Her background was in journalism, writing and social activism.

She was elected in the 1988 federal election, representing the Mission—Coquitlam electoral district for the New Democratic Party. She served in the 34th Canadian Parliament but lost to Daphne Jennings of the Reform Party in the 1993 federal election. She also campaigned unsuccessfully in the 1997 federal election in the Port Moody—Coquitlam riding.

Port Moody—Coquitlam (federal electoral district)
Port Moody—Coquitlam (formerly known as Port Moody—Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam) is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2004 and since 2015.
Nick Wiggins
Nicholas Wiggins (born February 8, 1984), also known by the stage name Zombie Nicholas, is an American rock musician.  He is best known for his time as the bassist and backing vocalist for the horror punk band Aiden from 2003 until 2015.  He is also a member of the supergroup Me Vs. Myself with Carson Allen of On the Last Day and played bass for William Control's live band from 2008 to 2012.  Most recently, he has been the rhythm guitarist of the hard rock band Girl On Fire, who released their debut album Not Broken in 2013.  He lives in Seattle, Washington.

Horror punk
Horror punk is a music genre that mixes punk rock and 1950s-influenced doo-wop and rockabilly sounds with morbid and violent imagery and lyrics which are often influenced by horror films and science fiction B-movies. The genre was pioneered by the Misfits during the late 1970s to early 1980s, followed by bands such as Mourning Noise, the Undead and Samhain.

By the late 1990s to early 2000s, the genre gained wider prominence through the Misfits' reunion tour, as well as the success of groups like AFI, Son of Sam and the Murderdolls, which was then later proliferated by the formation of Blitzkid, Calabrese and Creeper.
Toshkan River
The Toshkan (Uyghur: توشقان دەرياسى, romanized: Toshqan deryasi, cyrillized: Тошқан деряси; Kyrgyz: Какшаал, romanized: Kakshaal, arabized: قاقشاال) is a river in the Tien Shan mountains in the border area between China and Kyrgyzstan. It is 345 kilometres (214 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 8,270 square kilometres (3,190 sq mi) in Kyrgyzstan. The Toshkan has its sources in the At-Bashy Range and Kakshaal Too south of the Kyrgyzstani city of Naryn. In its uppermost course, upstream of the confluences with the rivers Müdürum and Kökkyya, it is called Aksay; from these confluences to the border with China, it is called Kakshaal. It then flows towards the east and into the Xinjiang province of China. It continues east, running parallel to the Tien Shan mountains, until its confluence with the Aksu River near the city Aksu. The Toshkan is the largest tributary of the Aksu.

Uyghur Latin alphabet
The Uyghur Latin alphabet (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر لاتىن يېزىقى, romanized: Uyghur Latin Yëziqi, ULY) is an auxiliary alphabet for the Uyghur language based on the Latin script. Uyghur is primarily written in Uyghur Arabic alphabet and sometimes in Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet.

In 2023, the alphabet was agreed as the BGN/PCGN romanization system for Uyghur.
HMS Hastings (L27)
HMS Hastings was a Hastings-class sloop of the Royal Navy that saw action in World War II. She was built by HM Dockyard Devonport, laid down on 29 July 1929 and launched on 10 April 1930. She was completed on 26 November 1930 and commissioned that same day by the Honourable Alice Brand. She is the sixth ship to bear the name HMS Hastings. Her pennant number was L27, but changed to U27 in May 1940.

Pennant number
In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number (an internationalisation of pendant number, which it was called before 1948). Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

In the current system, a letter prefix, called a flag superior, identifies the type of ship, and numerical suffix, called a flag inferior, uniquely identifies an individual ship. Not all pennant numbers have a flag superior.
Bruce Caswell
Bruce Caswell (born October 20, 1949) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Michigan, serving as a member of the Michigan Senate for the 16th district from 2011 until 2015. He also served in the Michigan State House of Representatives from 2003 to 2011, representing the 58th Michigan House district.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Candler, Florida
Candler is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Florida, United States. It is located on County Road 464 between Silver Springs Shores and Lake Weir. The community is part of the Ocala Metropolitan Statistical Area. Candler's Zip Code is 32624.

Silver Springs Shores, Florida
Silver Springs Shores is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marion County, Florida, United States. The population was 24,846 at the 2020 census, up from 6,539 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Ocala, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The community, often called “The Shores" by locals, serves primarily as a bedroom community for Ocala. It is the largest community in southeastern Marion County.
Volodymyr Baraniuk
Volodymyr Anatoliiovych Baraniuk (Ukrainian: Володимир Анатолійович Баранюк; born 1974) is a Ukrainian Marine Corps colonel. He commanded the 36th Separate Marine Brigade from September 2021 to March 2022 and is best known for his role during the Siege of Mariupol.

Ukrainian Marine Corps
The Ukrainian Marine Corps (Ukrainian: Корпус морської піхоти України, lit. 'Corps of maritime infantry of Ukraine'), also known simply as the Ukrainian Marines (Ukrainian: Морська піхота України, romanized: Morska pikhota Ukrainy, lit. 'Marine Infantry of Ukraine'), is the maritime land force service branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since 2023, responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations. From its modern foundation in 1993 up to 2023 it constituted part of the Coastal Forces of the Ukrainian Navy. It is used as a component part of amphibious, airborne and amphibious-airborne operations, alone or in coordination with formations and units of the Ground Forces in order to capture parts of the seashore, islands, ports, fleet bases, coast airfields and other coast objects from the enemy. It can also be used to defend naval bases, vital shoreline areas, separate islands and coast objects, and security of hostile areas.
Saracen (Quapaw chief)
Saracen, also known as Sarazin, Sarasen and Sarasin, was a French-Quapaw man known during the 1800s by some European Americans as an honorary "chief".  Saracen witnessed the removal of his people from traditional land in Arkansas to Indian Territory. Because of his mixed-blood, he had no rights to the role of hereditary chief. He was considered a war chief and headman of the Quapaw and Anglo-Americans considered him a chief because of his  deeds. In addition, he would lead a band of the Quapaw, which primarily consisted of Quapaw who also shared some French lineage, as well as those who chose to follow him.

Morris S. Arnold, a 21st-century historian of colonial Arkansas, notes that while the white neighbors considered Saracen a hero, he "did not fare nearly so well among many of the Quapaws." He suggests that Saracen felt that he was a "person in between" cultures.

Morris S. Arnold
Morris Sheppard Arnold (born October 8, 1941) is a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.
Salacca wallichiana
Salacca wallichiana is a species of plant in the family Arecaceae. The specific epithet (wallichiana) honors Danish botanist Nathaniel Wallich. It is found in Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Sumatra. It is valued for its edible fruit which is consumed across its native range.

Nathaniel Wallich
Nathaniel Wolff Wallich FRS FRSE (28 January 1786 – 28 April 1854) was a surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India, initially in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the Danish East India Company and the British East India Company. He was involved in the early development of the Calcutta Botanical Garden, describing many new plant species and developing a large herbarium collection which was distributed to collections in Europe. Several of the plants that he collected were named after him.
2024 Batu mayoral election
The 2024 Batu mayoral election was held on 27 November 2024 as part of nationwide local elections to elect the mayor and vice mayor of Batu City for a five-year term. The previous election was held in 2017. Nurochman of the National Awakening Party (PKB) won the election, receiving 50% of the vote. Golkar's Firhando Gumelar placed second with 29%, followed by singer and House of Representatives member, Krisdayanti of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), who received 20% of the vote.

House of Representatives (Indonesia)
6°12′37″S 106°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿6.21028°S 106.80000°E﻿ / -6.21028; 106.80000
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌdewan pərwaˌkilan ˈraʔjat re'publik indo'nesija], lit. 'People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia', abbr. DPR-RI or simply DPR, Indonesian: [deˈpeɛr]), is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD.

Members of the DPR are elected through a general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (anggota dewan).
Bramley, Surrey
Bramley is a village and civil parish about three miles (5 km) south of Guildford in the Borough of Waverley in Surrey, south east England. Most of the parish is in the Surrey Hills National Landscape.

Within its boundaries there is evidence of Iron Age activity. Documents record a village at the end of the Anglo-Saxon era of the Kingdom of England and track its expansion and division during the Middle Ages. Much of the building was linear along the Horsham road: many such buildings have survived and the village has a substantial conservation area.

Surrey Hills National Landscape
The Surrey Hills National Landscape is a 422 km2 (163 sq mi)  National Landscape in Surrey, England. It comprises around one quarter of the land area of the county and principally covers parts of the North Downs and Greensand Ridge. It was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in May 1958 and was redesignated as a National Landscape in 2023. The Surrey Hills National Landscape borders the Kent Downs AONB to the east and the South Downs National Park to the south west.
1916 Great Ankara Fire
The 1916 Great Ankara Fire caused extensive damage to the Turkish city of Ankara on September 15, 1916. The areas affected included the Hisarönü, Çıkrıkçılar Yokuşu, Bedesten, Saraçlar Bazaar and Atpazarı. It is estimated that up to 1,900 people lost their lives in the fire. The 1916 fire was part of successive fires which occurred in 20 provinces of Turkey in the span of three years.  After the fire, only two mosques and seven churches remained in Ankara.

Ankara Castle
Ankara Castle (Turkish: Ankara Kalesi) is a historic fortification in the city of Ankara, Turkey, constructed in or after the 7th century. The earliest fortification on the site was constructed in the 8th century BC by the Phrygians and rebuilt in 278 BC by the Galatians. The castle was rebuilt or renovated under the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman Empires.
Charbakh (Yerevan Metro)
Charbakh (Armenian: Չարբախ) is a Yerevan Metro station, which opened on December 26, 1996. It is in the Shengavit District and has access to Shirak and Araratyan streets.

It is the only station constructed after Armenia gained independence from the Soviet Union, and the least expensive ever built.

Shirak Province
Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ, Armenian pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾɑk] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north-west of the country, bordering the provinces of Lori to the east and Aragatsotn to the south and southeast, and the countries of Turkey to the west and Georgia to the north. Its capital and largest city is Gyumri, which is the second largest city in Armenia. It is as much semi-desert as it is mountain meadow or high alpine. In the south, the high steppes merge into mountain terrain, being verdant green in the spring, with hues of reddish brown in the summer. The province is served by the Shirak International Airport of Gyumri.
Hypostomus khimaera
Hypostomus khimaera is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguay River basin in Brazil. It is typically seen in small streams, including the Aquidauana River basin, where it is known from the margins of deeper, sandy areas. It is known to be syntopic with Hypostomus cochliodon in several parts of its range.  The species reaches 16.4 cm (6.5 inches) SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, khimaera, derives from Greek and refers to the mythical chimera, as H. khimaera possesses features normally associated with multiple distinct species.

Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Río Paraguay in Spanish) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil and Paraguay and forming parts of the Paraguay-Argentina, Brazil-Bolivia, and Brazil-Paraguay borders. It flows about 2,621 kilometres (1,629 mi) from its headwaters in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to its confluence with the Paraná River north of Corrientes and Resistencia.
Taravat Talepasand
Taravat Talepasand (born 1979) is an Iranian-American visual artist, activist, and educator. She is known for her interdisciplinary painting practice including drawing, sculpture and installation. As an Iranian-American woman, Talepasand explores the cultural taboos that reflect on gender and political authority. Her approach to representation and figuration reflects the cross-pollination, or lack thereof, in our Western Society. Talepasand previously held the title of the chair of the painting department at San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI). She is an assistant professor in art practice at Portland State University.

Orange County Museum of Art
The UC Irvine Langson Orange County Museum of Art is a modern and contemporary art museum located on the campus of the Segerstrom Center for the Arts in Costa Mesa, California. The museum's collection comprises more than 4,500 objects, with a concentration on the art of California and the Pacific Rim from the early 20th century to present. Exhibits include traditional paintings, sculptures, and photography, as well as new media in the form of video, digital, and installation art.
Sokan, Yaghnob
Sokan (Russian and Yaghnobi: Сокан) is a village in Sughd Region, northwestern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Anzob in the Ayni District. Its population was 11 in 2007. The mazar of Mazori Hatti Mullo is located near the village.

Mazar (mausoleum)
A mazār (Arabic: مَزَار), also transliterated as mazaar, also known as marqad (مَرْقَد) or in the Maghreb as ḍarīḥ (ضَرِيْح), is a mausoleum or shrine in some places of the world, typically that of a saint or notable religious leader. Medieval Arabic texts may also use the words mašhad (مَشْهَد) or maqām to denote the same concept.
2025 Runcorn and Helsby by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Runcorn and Helsby was held on 1 May 2025, the same day as local elections in England. Following a recount, Sarah Pochin of Reform UK won the by-election with a majority of six votes, overturning a Labour majority of 14,696 votes in the last general election. It was the closest British post-war by-election result, and the closest result in a constituency since North East Fife in the 2017 general election.

The by-election was called after the resignation of the constituency's MP, Mike Amesbury, following a conviction for assault. On 24 February 2025, Amesbury was sentenced to ten weeks in prison for assault, which was reduced on appeal to a suspended sentence. This would have triggered a recall petition but Amesbury resigned his seat on 17 March 2025.

Weaver Vale
Weaver Vale was a constituency in Cheshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1997 to 2024.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished at the 2024 general election. Just over half the seat became part of the new Runcorn and Helsby seat, with other areas moved to the new constituencies of Mid Cheshire and Chester South and Eddisbury, and a very small part joined the existing constituency of Tatton.
Pittsfield (community), Wisconsin
Pittsfield is an unincorporated community located in Brown and Shawano counties, Wisconsin, United States. The Brown County portion of Pittsfield is in the town of Pittsfield, while the Shawano County portion is in the town of Maple Grove. Pittsfield is at the junction of Wisconsin Highway 29 and Wisconsin Highway 156 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Pulaski.

Wisconsin Highway 29
State Trunk Highway 29 (often called Highway 29, STH-29 or WIS 29) is a state highway running east–west across central Wisconsin. It is a major east–west corridor connecting the Twin Cities and the Chippewa Valley with Wausau and Green Bay. A multi-year project to convert the corridor to a four-lane freeway or expressway from Elk Mound to Green Bay was completed in 2005.  The remainder of WIS 29 is two-lane surface road or an urban multi-lane road.
Ram Chandra Bharadwaj
Ram Chandra Bharadwaj, also known as Pandit Ram Chandra was the president of the Ghadar Party between 1914 and 1917. As a member of the Ghadar Party, Ram Chandra was also one of the founding editors of the Hindustan Ghadar and a key leader of the party in its role in the Indo-German Conspiracy. He assumed the role of the president of the party following Lala Har Dayal's departure for Switzerland in 1914 and, along with Bhagwan Singh and Maulvi Mohammed Barkatullah, was key in rallying the support of the South Asian community in the Pacific Coast in the wake of the Komagata Maru incident for the planned February mutiny. 
Ram Chandra was assassinated on 24 April 1918 on the last day of the Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial by Ram Singh, a fellow defendant who believed that Ram Chandra was a British agent.

Bhagwan Singh
Captain Bhagwan Singh (1916–1995) was an Indian diplomat, army officer, and administrator, who served as High Commissioner of India to Fiji, and subsequent to his retirement was prominent in Jat causes.
Colossus-class battleship (1910)
The Colossus-class battleships were a pair of dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy (RN) at the end of the first decade of the 20th century, the last 12-inch-gunned (305 mm) battleships built for the RN. The sister ships spent their whole careers assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets, often serving as flagships. Aside from participating in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, and the inconclusive action of 19 August several months later, their service during the First World War generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea.

The Colossus class were deemed obsolete by the end of the war in 1918 and were reduced to reserve the following year. Hercules was sold for scrap in 1921, although Colossus was briefly used as a training ship. She was hulked in 1923 and sold for scrap five years later.

Frederic Dreyer
Admiral Sir Frederic Charles Dreyer (8 January 1878 – 11 December 1956) was an officer of the Royal Navy. A gunnery expert, he developed a fire control system for British warships, and served as flag captain to Admiral Sir John Jellicoe at the Battle of Jutland. He retired with the rank of admiral in 1943, having served through two world wars and having already retired once.