hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karma Nabulsi
Karma Nabulsi is a Tutor and Fellow in Politics at St Edmund Hall at the University of Oxford, and the Library Fellow. Her research is on 18th and 19th century political thought, the laws of war, and the contemporary history and politics of Palestinian refugees and representation.

Tutoring
Tutoring is private academic help, usually provided by an expert teacher; someone with deep knowledge or defined expertise in a particular subject or set of subjects.

A tutor, formally also called an academic tutor, is a person who provides assistance or tutelage to one or more people on certain subject areas or skills. The tutor spends a few hours on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis to transfer their expertise on the topic or skill to the student (also called a tutee). Tutoring can take place in different settings.
Sulo Salo
Sulo Salo (16 November 1909 – 12 May 1995) was a Finnish footballer. He played in three matches for the Finland national football team from 1937 to 1941. He was also part of Finland's team for their qualification matches for the 1938 FIFA World Cup.

1938 FIFA World Cup
The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the 3rd edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in France from 4 to 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of being the only men's national team to win the World Cup multiple times under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo. It would be the last World Cup until 1950 as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II.
Maybe I Deserve
"Maybe I Deserve" is a song written, produced and performed by American R&B singer Tank, issued as the first single from his debut studio album Force of Nature (2001). The song is his biggest hit to date on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 38 in 2001.

Force of Nature (Tank album)
Force of Nature is the debut studio album by American R&B recording artist Tank. It was released on March 13, 2001 by Blackground Records and Virgin Records. The album debuted atop the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200.
Lasker versus Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889
The chess game between Emanuel Lasker and Johann Bauer played in Amsterdam in 1889 is one of the most famous on account of Lasker's sacrifice of both bishops to eliminate the pawn cover around his opponent's king, winning material and the game.

The same sacrificial pattern was echoed in a number of later games, notably Nimzowitsch–Tarrasch, St Petersburg 1914; Miles–Browne, Lucerne 1982; and Polgar–Karpov, Seventh Essent 2003.

The game against Bauer was played at the beginning of Lasker's career in the first round of the 1889 Amsterdam tournament, Lasker's first high-level closed event. Lasker finished second with a 6/8 score, a point behind the winner Amos Burn, and ahead of James Mason and Isidor Gunsberg, among others. Bauer finished sixth of the nine participants with a score of 3½/8.

A similar sacrifice occurred earlier in Burn–Owen, 1884, but in this case the sacrifice by John Owen was not correct and he lost the game. Nevertheless, it may have been an inspiration for Lasker.

Aron Nimzowitsch
Aron Nimzowitsch (Latvian: Ārons Nimcovičs; Russian: Аро́н Иса́евич Нимцо́вич, Aron Isayevich Nimtsovich; 7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Russian-born Danish chess player and writer.  In the late 1920s, Nimzowitsch was one of the best chess players in the world. He was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns and wrote a very influential book on chess theory: My System (1925–1927). Nimzowitsch's seminal work Chess Praxis, originally published in Germany, in 1929, was purchased by a pre-teen and future World Champion Tigran Petrosian and was to have a great influence on his development as a chess player.
Maestre de campo
Maestre de campo was a rank created in 1534 by the Emperor Charles I of Spain, inferior in rank only to the capitán general and acted as a chief of staff. He was chosen by the monarch in the Council of State, and commanded a tercio. Their powers were similar to those of the old marshals of the Kingdom of Castile: they had the power to administer justice and to regulate the food supply. Their personal guard consisted of eight German halberdiers, paid by the king, who accompanied them everywhere. Immediately inferior in the chain of command was the sargento mayor. One of the most famous maestre de campos was Julian Romero, a common soldier who reached that rank and that brought victory to the Spanish tercios at the battles of San Quintín and Gravelines.

In the overseas colonies of the Spanish Empire a governor held the rank of capitán general over his local forces and would appoint his maestre de campo.

Command hierarchy
A command hierarchy or chain of command is a group of people who carry out orders based on others' authority within the group. Certain aspects of a command hierarchy tend to be similar, including rank, unity of command, and strict accountability. Command hierarchies are used in the military and other organizations. Systemic biases may arise in homogenous groups of command.
Andrew Browne (footballer, born 1990)
Andrew L. Browne (born 7 July 1990) is an Australian rules football player in the Australian Football League, who played for the Richmond Football Club.

Browne was drafted from the Murray Bushrangers in the TAC Cup by Richmond in the 2009 Rookie draft using pick 39.  Originally from Mansfield, Victoria, he was a surprise selection in the opening round of the 2009 AFL season after playing only two games during the preseason. He represented Victoria Country in the 2008 AFL Under 18 Championships and played in the Bushrangers' 2008 TAC Cup premiership winning side.

After the completion of the 2012 season Richmond officially announced Browne's delisting from its senior list.

2008 AFL Under 18 Championships
The 2008 AFL Under 18 Championships is the 2008 series of the AFL Under 18 Championships, a state and territory based Australian rules football competition which showcase the best junior footballers in Australia, primarily with the aim for them to be drafted into the Australian Football League.

The competition is split into two divisions.  The major football states of Victoria (split into separate Country and Metropolitan teams), South Australia and Western Australia are in Division 1, with the smaller football states of Northern Territory, NSW/ACT, Tasmania and Queensland are in Division 2.  Unlike previous years, in 2008 the top two teams from the Division 2 competition advanced to be part of Division 1.

Division 2 games were played as a qualifying series over a week in May in Melbourne, whereas Division 1 will be played mainly as curtain-raisers before AFL matches in late May and early June.
Ureche
Ureche is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrei Ureche (born 1998), Romanian  footballer

Diana Ureche (born 1974), Romanian butterfly and freestyle swimmer

Grigore Ureche (1590–1647), Moldavian chronicler

Grigore Ureche
Grigore Ureche (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡriˈɡore uˈreke]; 1590–1647) was a Moldavian chronicler who wrote on Moldavian history in his Letopisețul Țării Moldovei (Chronicles of the Land of Moldavia), covering the period from 1359 to 1594.
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Czech Republic
State decorations of the Czech Republic recognize outstanding acts of service to the Czech Republic.  They are awarded by the President of the Czech Republic, usually, but not necessarily, on the recommendation of the Chamber of Deputies, the Senate or the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. They may also be promulgated solely on the president's authority.  They come in two varieties:  orders being the higher honor and medals the lower.

Order (distinction)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients.

Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of  orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders.
Agni Sakshi (1982 film)
Agni Sakshi (transl. With Fire as Witness) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language psychological drama film directed by K. Balachander, starring Sivakumar and Saritha. It revolves around a woman with schizophrenia who has difficulty differentiating fiction from reality.

Agni Sakshi was released on 14 November 1982, and failed commercially. However, Saritha won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress.

Psychological drama
Psychological drama, or psychodrama, is a subgenre of drama and psychological fiction literatures that generally focuses upon the emotional, mental, and psychological development of the protagonists and other characters within the narrative, which is highlighted by the drama. It is widely known as one of the main subgenres of psychological fiction; the subgenre is commonly used for films and television series.
SSLIOP
In distributed computing, SSLIOP is an Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP) over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), providing confidentiality and authentication.

As of January 2007, SSLIOP is implemented by (at least) TAO, JacORB, OpenORB , and MICO .

Authentication
Authentication (from Greek: αὐθεντικός authentikos, "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης authentes, "author") is the act of proving an assertion, such as the identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity.

Authentication is relevant to multiple fields. In art, antiques, and anthropology, a common problem is verifying that a given artifact was produced by a certain person, or in a certain place (i.e. to assert that it is not counterfeit), or in a given period of history (e.g. by determining the age via carbon dating). In computer science, verifying a user's identity is often required to allow access to confidential data or systems. It might involve validating personal identity documents.
Motor City Classic
The Motor City Classic is a ten-pin bowling tournament on the PBA Tour.  It is among the first regular season events on the tour and is played at Taylor Lanes in Taylor, Michigan.  The tournament has existed since 2006, with Tony Reyes winning the inaugural event over Wes Malott, 255-238. Reyes also rolled a 300 game in the semi-finals of the 2006 event. Walter Ray Williams Jr. is the defending champion.

For the 2008–09 season, the tournament in Taylor was renamed the Chameleon Championship, because the PBA chose to make it one of six tournaments named after a PBA oil pattern in its "Versatility Swing."

For the 2009–10 season, the PBA made the Motor City Classic part of the multi-tournament PBA World Series of Bowling event. The qualifying rounds of the tournament, which determined the top four bowlers for the TV finals, continued to be contested at Taylor Lanes.  The TV finals were taped September 5 in nearby Allen Park, MI for a November 1 ESPN broadcast.

Perfect game (bowling)
A perfect game is the highest score possible in a game of bowling, achieved by scoring a strike with every throw. In bowling games that use 10 pins, such as ten-pin bowling, candlepin bowling, and duckpin bowling, the highest possible score is 300, achieved by bowling 12 strikes in a row in a traditional single game: one strike in each of the first nine frames, and three more in the tenth frame.

In five-pin bowling, the highest possible score is 450, as a strike is worth 15 pins. It is rare to bowl or witness one. The Canadian Five Pin Bowlers Association approves from 10 to 40 perfect games per year.
Holy War at Harrods
"Holy War at Harrods" is a 1995 magazine article by Maureen Orth that was published in Vanity Fair. The article was about businessman  Mohamed Al-Fayed and detailed his career and his management of the London department store Harrods. The article included details of alleged sexual assaults committed by Al-Fayed. The article led to a two-year legal battle between Al-Fayed and Condé Nast, the publishers of Vanity Fair.

The article was included in The Importance of Being Famous: Behind the Scenes of the Celebrity-Industrial Complex, a 2004 compilation of Orth's work.

Nicholas Coleridge
Sir Nicholas David Coleridge, CBE, DL (born 4 March 1957) is a British former media executive, author, and cultural chair. He is chairman of Historic Royal Palaces (2023–) and Provost of Eton (2024–). He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to museums, publishing and the creative industries.
Birkby, Huddersfield
Birkby is a large multi-cultural suburb close to the town centre in Huddersfield, in the Kirklees borough of West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 6,700.

An affluent suburb during Victorian times, Birkby sits in the Grimescar Valley, a greenbelt area of Huddersfield. Birkby contains Norman Park, a small park with a play area and war memorial, which commemorates those who died in the First World War.

Kirklees
Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. The borough comprises the ten towns of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. It is governed by Kirklees Council. Kirklees had a population of 422,500 in 2011; it is the third-largest metropolitan district in Yorkshire by area, behind Doncaster and Leeds.
Win Aung
Win Aung or Winn Aung is a Burmese name and may mean:

Win Aung (businessman), Burmese businessman

Win Aung (minister), Burmese military officer and politician who served as the 17th Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1998 to 2004

Win Aung (politician, born 1974), current Pyithu Hluttaw MP for Momauk Township Constituency

Win Aung (politician, born 1965), current Amyotha Hluttaw MP for Sagaing Region № 3 Constituency

Winn Aung (MP), current Pyithu Hluttaw MP for Khin-U Township Constituency

Han Win Aung, a footballer from Myanmar

Thet Win Aung, (27 August 1971 – 16 October 2006), a Burmese student activist

Tin Win Aung, a footballer from Myanmar

Ye Win Aung, a footballer from Myanmar

Han Win Aung
Han Win Aung (Burmese: ဟန်ဝင်းအောင်; born 17 December 1986) is a footballer from Burma and a defender for the Myanmar national football team.He is currently the head coach of Myanmar National League club Shan United
River Culm
The River Culm flows through the Devon Redlands in Devon, England and is the longest tributary of the River Exe. It rises in the Blackdown Hills at a spring near RAF Culmhead in Somerset, and flows west through Hemyock, then Culmstock (in the Culm Valley) to Uffculme. The river turns south,  through Cullompton (and alongside the M5 motorway), skirting the northern boundary of Killerton Park to join the River Exe on the north-western outskirts of Exeter. The name of the river is thought to mean 'knot' or 'tie', in reference to the river's twists and loops.

RAF Culmhead
Royal Air Force Culmhead or more simply RAF Culmhead is a former Royal Air Force station, situated at Churchstanton on the Blackdown Hills in Somerset, England. It was originally named RAF Church Stanton.

It had three tarmac runways that are now in poor condition and the control towers are currently derelict.  There is now an industrial estate – derived from the later Composite Signals Organisation Station (CSOS) – right in the middle of the place where the three runways meet.
Pretty Little Stranger
Pretty Little Stranger is the fourth studio album by Joan Osborne. The album is her first release on the independent Vanguard Records label, and has been her only album incorporating significant country influences. The record was released in the UK on November 13, 2006, and in the US on November 14.

Rodney Crowell
Rodney Crowell (born August 7, 1950) is an American musician, known primarily for his work as a singer and songwriter in country music. Crowell has had five number one singles on Hot Country Songs, all from his 1988 album Diamonds & Dirt. He has also written songs and produced for other artists.

He was influenced by songwriters Guy Clark and Townes Van Zandt. Crowell played guitar and sang for three years in Emmylou Harris' Hot Band.

He has won two Grammy Awards in his career, one in 1990 for Best Country Song for the song "After All This Time" and one in 2014 Best Americana Album for his album Old Yellow Moon.
Norbeck-Williamson Act of 1929
Norbeck-Williamson Act of 1929 or Mount Rushmore National Memorial Act of 1929 established the Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission defining the powers and purpose of the twelve member committee. The Act of Congress authorized the Mount Harney Memorial Association of South Dakota to stone carve models of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt in the Harney National Forest encompassed by the Black Hills National Forest. The granite sculpture was to be created in accordance with the rock relief designs by Gutzon Borglum.

In 1928, the 70th Congressional session members Peter Norbeck and William Williamson formulated the code of law for the Mount Rushmore National Memorial Act. The Senate bill was passed by the United States Congressional session and enacted into law by the 30th President of the United States Calvin Coolidge on February 29, 1929.

Black Hills National Forest
Black Hills National Forest is located in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, United States. The forest has an area of over 1.25 million acres (5,066 km2) and is managed by the Forest Service. Forest headquarters are located in Custer, South Dakota. There are local ranger district offices in Custer, Rapid City, and Spearfish in South Dakota, and in Sundance, Wyoming.

Predominantly ponderosa pine, the forest also includes hard woods like aspen, bur oak, and birch.  The lower elevations include grassland prairie, but the National Forest System lands encompass most of the mountainous region known as the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Within the forest is Black Elk Peak which is the tallest mountain in South Dakota and the highest peak east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States.
Kho (Bhutia dress)
The kho (Standard Tibetan: ཁོ) or bakhu (Nepali: बख्खु) is the traditional dress worn by the Bhutias, an ethnic group native to the Indian state of Sikkim. It is a loose, cloak-like garment that is fastened at the neck on one side and near the waist with a silk or cotton belt similar to the Tibetan chuba and the Mongolian deel.

Women wear a full-sleeve blouse called a wonju inside the kho; a loose gown type garment fastened near the waist, tightened with a cloth belt.

Wonju (Bhutan)
A wonju (Dzongkha: འོན་འཇུ་; Wylie: 'on-'ju) is a long-sleeved blouse worn by women in Bhutan. Made of silk, polyester, or lightweight cotton, it is worn underneath the Kira, part of the national costume under the driglam namzha.
Lost in Siberia
Lost in Siberia is a 1991 Soviet-British film by Alexander Mitta. It was shot entirely in Russia, either on location or at Mosfilm Studio. The post-production was started at Mosfilm Studio and completed in London. The film was selected as the British entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Anthony Andrews
Anthony Colin Gerald Andrews (born 12 January 1948) is an English actor. He played Lord Sebastian Flyte in the ITV miniseries Brideshead Revisited (1981), for which he won Golden Globe and BAFTA television awards and was nominated for an Emmy. His other lead roles include Operation Daybreak (1975), Danger UXB (1979), Ivanhoe (1982) and The Scarlet Pimpernel (1982), and he played UK Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin in The King's Speech (2010).
German submarine U-740
German submarine U-740 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 26 April 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 27 March 1943 with Oberleutnant zur See Günther Stark in command.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Cambridge Military Library
Cambridge Military Library is a library building in Royal Artillery Park in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada which was built in 1886. The building was created to house the garrison library collection, which had been moved from various locations in the city since its creation in 1817.  It is the oldest non-university public library collection in Canada. (When the library was established, there were still no bookstores in the Atlantic region.) This building was the social and literary centre of military Halifax.  In 1902, the officers of the garrison requested the library be named after the Prince George, Duke of Cambridge.

Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (George William Frederick Charles; 26 March 1819 – 17 March 1904) was a member of the British royal family, a grandson of King George III and cousin of Queen Victoria. The Duke was an army officer by profession and served as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces (military head of the British Army) from 1856 to 1895, and was raised to the rank of field marshal in 1862. He succeeded to the title of Duke of Cambridge in 1850 upon the death of his father Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge. Deeply devoted to the old Army, he worked with Queen Victoria to defeat or minimise every reform proposal, such as setting up a general staff. His Army's weaknesses were dramatically revealed by the poor organisation at the start of the Second Boer War.
John Slagle
John A. Slagle (November 1869 – February 19, 1915) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched one game, 11⁄3 scoreless innings, being credited with a save, for the Cincinnati Kelly's Killers of the American Association on April 30, 1891. After his brief major league appearance, Slagle pitched through 1896 in the minor leagues.

American Association (1882–1891)
The American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from 1882 to 1891. Together with the National League (NL), founded in 1876, the AA participated in an early version of the World Series seven times versus the champion of the NL in an interleague championship playoff tournament. At the end of its run, several AA franchises joined the NL. After 1891, the NL existed alone, with each season's champions being awarded the Temple Cup (1894–1897).

During its existence, the AA was often simply referred to as "the Association" in the media, in contrast to the NL, which was sometimes called "the League". It was also sometimes called the "Beer and Whiskey League".