hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brownian model of financial markets
The Brownian motion models for financial markets are based on the work of Robert C. Merton and Paul A. Samuelson, as extensions to the one-period market models of Harold Markowitz and William F. Sharpe, and are concerned with defining the concepts of financial assets and markets, portfolios, gains and wealth in terms of continuous-time stochastic processes.

Under this model, these assets have continuous prices evolving continuously in time and are driven by Brownian motion processes. This model requires an assumption of perfectly divisible assets and a frictionless market (i.e. that no transaction costs occur either for buying or selling). Another assumption is that asset prices have no jumps, that is there are no surprises in the market. This last assumption is removed in jump diffusion models.

Frictionless market
In economic theory a frictionless market is a financial market without transaction costs.  Friction is a type of market incompleteness.  Every complete market is frictionless, but the converse does not hold.  In a frictionless market the solvency cone is the halfspace normal to the unique price vector.  The Black–Scholes model assumes a frictionless market.
Marshall Flowage
Marshall Flowage is a flowage in Halifax County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The flowage is near Toadfish Lakes Wilderness Area, and a rural community named Lochaber Mines. The flowage is 96.26 kilometres (59.81 mi) from Halifax, and 73.2 kilometres (45.5 mi) from Truro. It can be reached by Nova Scotia Route 374, which is nearby the flowage.

Nova Scotia Route 374
Route 374 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It connects New Glasgow at Exit 24 of Highway 104 with Sheet Harbour at Trunk 7. The highway runs through the Halifax Regional Municipality, Guysborough County and Pictou County.

The highway runs north-south through the Liscomb Game Sanctuary and No Internet in Forest, Behind Marine Drive Academy at Sheet Harbour.
Cradle (song)
"Cradle 2005" is a song recorded by English girl group Atomic Kitten from their compilation The Greatest Hits. It was released as a single on 14 February 2005, in aid of World Vision, a year after the group's announcement of their split in 2004. It is a partially re-recorded version of a song that was previously included on their debut album, Right Now (2000). While the demo version of "Cradle", produced by Simon Franglen, appeared on the album's early 2000 Japanese release, a slightly faster recording, produced by Quiz & Larossi, appeared on the album's late 2000 UK release. The song was originally led entirely by group member Natasha Hamilton; "Cradle 2005" was re-recorded to include additional lead vocals from Jenny Frost and Liz McClarnon for the charity release and remixed by Jeremy Wheatley. "Cradle 2005" reached number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 in Ireland.

World Vision International
World Vision International is an interdenominational Christian humanitarian aid, development, and advocacy organization. It was founded in 1950 by Robert Pierce and Kyung-Chik Han as a service organization to provide care for children in Korea. In 1975, emergency and advocacy work was added to World Vision's objectives. It is active in over 100 countries with a total revenue including grants, product and foreign donations of US$3.14 billion.
Let Me Ride
"Let Me Ride" is a song by American rapper and producer Dr. Dre, released in August 1993 by Death Row, Interscope and Priority as the third and final single from his debut studio album, The Chronic (1992). It experienced moderate success on the charts, until it became a massive hit when Dre won Best Rap Solo Performance for at the 36th Annual Grammy Awards. The song features singers Ruben and Jewell, as well as uncredited vocals by fellow rapper Snoop Dogg, who wrote the song.

Dr. Dre's lyrics were written by RBX, originally intended for a different track. Dr. Dre, RBX and Snoop Dogg share songwriting credits for the song.

"Let Me Ride"'s chorus involves both a sample and an interpolation of the chorus of the 1976 Parliament song "Mothership Connection (Star Child)", which itself quotes the Negro spiritual "Swing Down Sweet Chariot". "Let Me Ride" also samples James Brown's "Funky Drummer" and Bill Withers's 1973 single "Kissing My Love".

Funky Drummer
"Funky Drummer" is a song by the American musician James Brown, recorded in 1969 and released as a single in 1970. Its drum break, improvised by Clyde Stubblefield, is one of the most frequently sampled recordings, and has been used in over two thousand records.
Driveria
Driveria is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids the Lower Permian of San Angelo Formation, Texas. It is mostly known from several postcranial bones, including the scapula, pelvis, and a few vertebrae and ribs, although a fragment of the skull that might pertain to the upper temporal fenestra is also associated with this species.

San Angelo Formation
The San Angelo Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period. Along with the Chickasha Formation is one of the two geologically youngest formations in North America to preserve fossils of caseids, and it is the youngest one to preserve remains of undoubted sphenacodontids, namely, Dimetrodon angelensis.
Topsy, Tennessee
Topsy is an unincorporated community located in Wayne County, Tennessee.
A volunteer fire department and a small store are located in Topsy.

Topsy was named after a local mule noticed by the naming committee when they were unable to come up with another suitable name.

Volunteer fire department
A volunteer fire department (VFD) is a fire department of volunteers who perform fire suppression and other related emergency services for a local jurisdiction. Volunteer and retained (on-call) firefighters are expected to be on call to respond to emergency calls for long periods of time, and are summoned to the fire station when their services are needed. They are also expected to attend other non-emergency duties as well (training, fundraising, equipment maintenance, etc.).

Volunteer firefighters contrast with paid firefighters who work full or part-time and receive a salary. Some volunteer firefighters may be part of a combination fire department that employs both full-time and volunteer firefighters. On-call firefighters who receive some pay for their work are known as call firefighters in the United States, and retained firefighters in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Devin Lemons
Devin Wayne Lemons (born March 20, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League.  He was born in Bryan, Texas, and played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders.

Lemons now coaches football at Prosper High School in Prosper, Texas.

Prosper, Texas
Prosper is an affluent suburb in Collin and Denton counties in the U.S. state of Texas. Prosper is located within the Dallas-Fort Worth area. As of the 2010 census, its population was 9,423. As of 2023, the population was 37,746.
Elvis Yero
Elvis Yero (January 26, 1965 in Havana, Cuba – October 13, 2001 in Miami, Florida) was a boxer in the Welterweight division. He grew up in the North Beach section of Miami Beach, Florida, where he graduated from Miami Beach Senior High School in 1984.

Miami Beach Senior High School
Miami Beach Senior High School (Beach High, MBSH) is a secondary school located at 2231 Prairie Avenue Miami Beach, Florida, across from the Miami Beach Convention Center and Botanical Garden. It is located at the corner of Prairie Avenue and Dade Boulevard. The school is in Miami-Dade County and is part of the Miami-Dade County Public Schools, the fourth-largest school district in the United States. In addition, Miami Beach Senior High is the second oldest in Miami-Dade County (after Miami Senior High School). In 2009, the school was recognized as a magnet school.

In 2010, Miami Beach Senior High was recognized as an International Baccalaureate World School, meaning a select group of students get to attend a two-year program that allows them to graduate with a special diploma. The school was the first in the city of Miami Beach to receive the designation.
Shihori Kanjiya
Shihori Kanjiya (貫地谷 しほり, Kanjiya Shihori; born December 12, 1985) is a Japanese actress. She is nicknamed Shi-chan (しーちゃん), Shihorin (しほりん), and Kan-chan (貫ちゃん).

Kanjiya dropped out from Otsuma Women's University.

Shu Qi
Lin Li-hui (born 16 April 1976) (Chinese: 林立慧), known professionally as Shu Qi (Chinese: 舒淇), is a Hong Kong–Taiwanese actress and filmmaker. Widely regarded as one of the most successful Taiwanese actresses of all time, Shu has received three Hong Kong Film Awards and two Golden Horse Awards among many other awards.

Shu first gained recognition in Viva Erotica (1996). Since then, she has collaborated with director Hou Hsiao-hsien on three films: Millennium Mambo (2001), Three Times (2005), and The Assassin (2015). She has also played leading roles in arthouse films and box-office hits, including If You Are the One (2008), A Beautiful Life (2011), Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons (2013), and Gone with the Bullets (2014).

Shu ranked 18th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 23rd in 2014, 32nd in 2015, 48th in 2017, and 90th in 2019.
Gael Linn Cup 1980
The 1980 Gael Linn Cup, the most important representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Munster, who defeated Leinster in the final, played at St John's Park.
Munster defeated Ulster 4–8 to 0–2 at Roscrea while Orla Ni Siochain scored 4–1 as Leinster defeated Connacht 6–7 to 1–4 at Castlebar. Goals from Mary O'Leary and Pat Moloney ensured Munster then won the final against Leinster at St John's Park by 2–5 to 2–1 .

Agnes Hourigan, president of the Camogie Association, wrote in the Irish Press:

Although Leinster had a wealth of talent from Dublin, Kilkenny and Wexford, the Munster side, made up aomost completely of players from Cork, the All-Ireland champions, seemed to combine better as a team.

Úna Uí Phuirséil
Úna Uí Phuirséil (Agnes Hourigan-Purcell) was the 17th president of the Camogie Association. Born Agnes Hourigan in Ballingarry, County Limerick, she had three  brothers, Dan, Sean, Fr Jack Hourigan, and four sisters [including Maisie and Ellen].
Tun Razak Highway
3°3′30.7″N 103°3′41.1″E﻿ / ﻿3.058528°N 103.061417°E﻿ / 3.058528; 103.061417

Tun Razak Highway, Federal Route 12 (Malay: Lebuhraya Tun Razak; Chinese: 敦拉萨快速公路), also known as Segamat-Kuantan Highway (Malay: Lebuhraya Segamat-Kuantan; Chinese: 昔加末–关丹快速公路), Asian Highway Route 142, is a 146.8 kilometres (91 mi) federal highway running from the town of Segamat, Johor to Gambang before proceeding another 38 kilometres (24 mi) via Federal Route 2 to Gambang near Kuantan, Pahang. This two-lane federal road is named in honor of Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysia's second Prime Minister who was also known as Malaysia's Father of Development. The highway is part of the Asian Highway Network of route 142.

Pekan District
The Pekan District is a district in Pahang, Malaysia. Located in the east of Pahang, the district borders Kuantan District on the north, South China Sea on the east, Maran District on the west and Rompin District on the south.
Quién Sabe
"Quién Sabe" is a song by Dominican singer Natti Natasha for her debut album, Iluminatti, which was released on 15 February 2019, through Pina Records and Sony Music Latin. According to Billboard, "Quien Sabe" became the first bachata song ever to enter the ¡Viva Latino! list. The song is her first solo single, after having previously released numerous collaborative singles with other artists.

Sony Music Latin
Sony Music Entertainment US Latin LLC (often referred to as Sony Music Latin) is an American record label owned by Sony Music. The label focuses on artists of Latin music. Sony Latin was also a division of the Sony Discos label.
Bohuslav Ečer
Bohuslav Ečer (31 July 1893 – 14 March 1954) was a Czechoslovak general of the judicial service and professor of international criminal law. He was also a member of the United Nations Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes, chairman of the Czechoslovak delegation to the International Military Tribunal for the Punishment of War Criminals in Nuremberg and an ad hoc judge of the International Court of Justice in The Hague.

International criminal law
International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.

Classical international law governs the relationships, rights, and responsibilities of states. After World War II, the Charter of the International Military Tribunal and the following Nuremberg trial revolutionized international law by applying its prohibitions directly to individuals, in this case the defeated leaders of Nazi Germany, thus inventing international criminal law. After being dormant for decades, international criminal law was revived in the 1990s to address the war crimes in the Yugoslav Wars and the Rwandan genocide, leading to the establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court in 2001.
Geiravör
In Norse mythology, Geiravör (Old Norse: Geiravǫr, "spear-vǫr") is a valkyrie attested in the longer of the two Nafnaþulur lists found in the Prose Edda.

According to Rudolf Simek, the section part of the name—vör—may be identical to the name of the Norse goddess Vör, and would therefore mean "spear-goddess"; or the suffix may simply reflect the suffix vör that appears in personal names such as Geirvör and Hervör.

Hervor
Hervör (Old Norse: Hervǫr) is the name shared by two female characters in the Tyrfing Cycle, presented in The Saga of Hervör and Heidrek with parts found in the Poetic Edda. The first, the Viking Hervör, challenged her father Angantýr's ghost in his gravemound for his cursed sword Tyrfing. She had a son, Heidrek, father of the other Hervör. The second Hervör was a commander killed in battle with her brother.

The two are thought by some academics to be the same character, duplicated.
Ann Marie McGlynn
Ann Marie McGlynn (born 22 February 1980) is an Irish long-distance runner. In 2020, she competed in the women's half marathon at the 2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland. In 2024, she won the Dublin Marathon and the Irish national cross country championship. In doing so, she became the first athlete to win the Irish national marathon and cross country titles in the same year.

Dublin Marathon
The Dublin Marathon is an annual 26.2 mile (42.2 km) road marathon in Dublin, Ireland, held on the last Sunday in October. Prior to 2016, the race took place on the last Monday in October, which is a public holiday in Ireland.  Held each year since 1980, the marathon had a record 22,500 registrants for the 2019 race, including over 5,000 entrants from outside Ireland.
Yuxarı Əylis
Yuxarı Əylis (Armenian: Վերին Ագուլիս, romanized: Verin Agulis, lit. 'Upper Agulis') is a village and municipality in the Ordubad District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located in the left and right sides of the Ordubad-Aylis highway, 12 km in the north-east from the district center. Its population is busy with gardening, farming, animal husbandry. There are secondary school, club, library, communication branch and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 1,916.

The village was an important settlement of the Vaspurakan province of the Kingdom of Armenia or the Vaspurakan Kingdom, and a number of Armenian merchants who plied their trade along the Silk Road were of Agulis origin.

Vaspurakan
Vaspurakan (Armenian: Վասպուրական, Western Armenian pronunciation: Vasbouragan) was the eighth province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia, which later became an independent kingdom during the Middle Ages, centered on Lake Van. Located in what is now southeastern Turkey and northwestern Iran, the region is considered to be the cradle of Armenian civilization.
George Cox (cricketer, born 1859)
George Robert Cox (9 November 1859 – 24 February 1936) was an English cricketer who made one appearance in first-class cricket in 1884. He was a right-handed batsman.

Cox made what would be his only appearance in first-class cricket in 1884 when he was selected for the Liverpool and District cricket team against the touring Australians at Aigburth. In a match which the Australians won by 1 wicket, Cox was dismissed for ducks in both Liverpool and District innings, bowled by George Giffen and Joey Palmer in each innings respectively.

He died at Hoylake, Cheshire on 24 February 1936. His brother Alexander Cox was also a first-class cricketer.

Joey Palmer
George Eugene Palmer (22 February 1859 – 22 August 1910) also known as Eugene Palmer and Joey Palmer, was an Australian cricketer who played in 17 Test matches between 1880 and 1886.

After returning from the 1886 tour to England he damaged his knee and never played Test cricket again but came to play first class cricket in Australia until the end of 1896/97.

Palmer was also a leading Australian rules footballer for South Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA).
Francis Walter Belt
Francis Walter Belt (30 April 1862 – 21 August 1938) was an Australian naval commander, lawyer, explorer, and big game hunter. Born in Adelaide, he attended the Collegiate School of St Peter and clerked in the offices of his father, a barrister, and was admitted barrister and solicitor in 1884. He took part in the 1894 Horn Scientific Expedition to Central Australia, financed by his brother-in-law William A. Horn.  He served two wars: first as a trooper in the South African War from 1900 to 1901, and later during World War I, where he served first as a lieutenant Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve in England, then lieutenant-commander and finally commander in the Royal Naval Division. He was wounded during the war and received the Distinguished Service Order from the United Kingdom as well as the Russian Order of Saint Anna and Order of Saint Stanislaus. He died in Montreux, Switzerland, at the age of 76.

St Peter's College, Adelaide
St Peter's College (officially The Anglican Church of Australia Collegiate School of Saint Peter, but commonly known as Saints) is a prestigious independent Anglican primary, secondary day and boarding school for boys located in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It was founded in 1847 by members of the Anglican Church of Australia.

Three campuses are located on the Hackney Road site near the Adelaide Parklands in Hackney. The Senior School (Year 7–Year 12) comprises the bulk of the grounds and most of the historic buildings. To the south of the site are the Junior School (years 3–6) and Palm House (Reception to Year 2). The college also owns an outdoor education campus in Finniss, near Lake Alexandrina. The school was a former member of the G20 Schools group.

St Peter's College is a day and boarding school and offers one matriculation stream in secondary education: the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE).
Willingboro High School
Willingboro High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from Willingboro Township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Willingboro Public Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 845 students and 63.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.4:1. There were 377 students (44.6% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 86 (10.2% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Uaru fernandezyepezi
Uaru fernandezyepezi is a species of cichlid native to South America where it is found in rivers of the Orinoco River basin.  This species can reach a length of 24 centimetres (9.4 in) TL.  It is also found in the aquarium trade.

Orinoco
The Orinoco (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾiˈnoko]) is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 km (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi), with 65% of it in Venezuela and 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (39,000 m3/s (1,400,000 cu ft/s) at delta) due to the high precipitation throughout its catchment area (2,300 millimetres per are [0.084 in/sq ft]). The Orinoco River and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the Llanos of Colombia. The environment and wildlife in the Orinoco's basin are extremely diverse.
Al-Faruq College of Education
Al-Faruq College of Education is a co-educational college of education in Wenchi, Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana. It is one of 46 public colleges of education in Ghana and participated in the DFID-funded T-TEL programme. The current principal is Mr. Wahab Sualiha (Ag.). The college is affiliated with the University for Development Studies, Ghana.

University for Development Studies
The University for Development Studies popularly known as UDS, was established in 1992 as a multi-campus higher education institution with its central administration at Tamale. It is the fifth public university to be established in Ghana. This deviates from the usual practice of having universities with central campuses and administrations. It was created with the four northern regions of the country in mind. These are the Brong Ahafo Region, Northern Region, Upper East Region and the Upper West Region. The Wa and Navrongo campuses were later converted into autonomous Universities.
Deepthi Jeevanji
Deepthi Jeevanji (born 27 September 2003) is an Indian para-athlete. She won the bronze medal at the 2024 Paralympics in the 400 meters T20 race. At the 2024 World Championships, she set a world record of 55.06s. She previously set the Asian Para Games record in 2023. She broke the 55.12s record of Breanna Clark. She is the recipient of Arjuna Award in 2025.

World Para Athletics Championships
The World Para Athletics Championships, known as the IPC Athletics World Championships prior to 2017, are a biennial Paralympic athletics event organized by World Para Athletics, a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). It features athletics events contested by athletes with physical disabilities. The first IPC Athletics World Championships were held in Berlin, Germany in 1994.

They are a Paralympic parallel to the World Athletics Championships for able-bodied athletes. Since 2011, when they switched from a quadrennial scheduling to biennial, the IPC championships have been held in the same years as the IAAF championships, although they are separate events and are not necessarily held in the same host city. In 2017, London, which previously hosted the 2012 Summer Paralympics, became the first city to host both the IAAF World Championships and World Para Athletics Championships in the same year and as connected events.