hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Beginning (Black Eyed Peas album)
The Beginning is the sixth studio album by American musical group the Black Eyed Peas, released on November 26, 2010 by Interscope Records. It is a prequel to the group's previous album The E.N.D. (2009), and their last credited as "the" Black Eyed Peas (with a 'the' prefix). Its lead single, "The Time (Dirty Bit)", was released on November 9, 2010. The second single, "Just Can't Get Enough" was released on February 18, 2011, while its third and final single, "Don't Stop the Party", was released on June 24, 2011.

The Beginning debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of 119,000 units; critical reception was generally mixed to negative. The album was the group's final project to feature Fergie as a member, and was followed by a five year hiatus.

Auto-Tune
Auto-Tune is audio processor software released on September 19, 1997, by the American company Antares Audio Technologies. It uses a proprietary device to measure and correct pitch in music. It operates on different principles from the vocoder or talk box and produces different results. Auto-Tune can be used in both post-production music mixing and in real-time live performances.

Auto-Tune was initially intended to disguise or correct off-key inaccuracies, allowing vocal tracks to be perfectly tuned. Cher's 1998 song "Believe" popularized the use of Auto-Tune to deliberately distort vocals, a technique that became known as the "Cher effect". It has since been used by many artists in different genres, including Daft Punk, Radiohead, T-Pain and Kanye West. In 2018, the music critic Simon Reynolds felt that Auto-Tune had "revolutionized popular music", calling its use for effects "the fad that just wouldn't fade. Its use is now more entrenched than ever."
Surface wave
In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.  A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves.  Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities.  Elastic surface waves can travel along the surface of solids, such as Rayleigh or Love waves.  Electromagnetic waves can also propagate as "surface waves" in that they can be guided along with a refractive index gradient or along an interface between two media having different dielectric constants. In radio transmission, a ground wave is a guided wave that propagates close to the surface of the Earth.

Jonathan Zenneck
Jonathan Adolf Wilhelm Zenneck (/ˈzɛnɛk/; German: [ˈjoːnatan ˈtsɛnɛk]; 15 April 1871 – 8 April 1959) was a German physicist and electrical engineer.

Zenneck improved the cathode-ray tube by adding a second deflection structure at right angles to the first, which allowed two-dimensional viewing of a waveform. This two-dimensional display is fundamental to the oscilloscope.
Manzherok
Manzherok (Russian: Манжерок; Altay: Ман-Јӱрек, Man-Ĵürek) is a rural locality (a selo) in Manzherokskoye Rural Settlement of Mayminsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 1567 as of 2016. There are 44 streets.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
Medetera bistriata
Medetera bistriata is a species of longlegged fly in the family Dolichopodidae. It is widely distributed in North America, spanning from the pine forests of boreal Canada south to Honduras, and it is common in the pine forests of the Atlantic and Gulf costal plains. The larvae are predators of bark beetles in the genera Dendroctonus and Ips, and have been noted as important predators of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis.

In Bickel (1985)'s revision of the genus Medetera in the Nearctic realm, M. bistriata is included as a member of the signaticornis-pinicola species group.

Dendroctonus frontalis
Dendroctonus frontalis, the southern pine beetle, often shortened to simply SPB, is a species of bark beetle native to the forests of the southern United States, Mexico and Central America. It has recently expanded its range to the northeastern United States, where it is considered an invasive species and has destroyed massive amounts of pine forest.
Roshan Jurangpathy
Baba Roshan Jurangpathy (born 25 June 1967) is a Sri Lankan former Test cricketer. He played his debut Test against India in 1985 at Asgiriya Stadium. India's Mohinder Amarnath was his only Test wicket. He played in only two Test matches, and finished his career with a batting average of 0.25.

Asgiriya Stadium
Asgiriya Stadium, (Sinhala: අස්ගිරිය ක්‍රීඩාංගනය, Tamil: அஸ்கிரிய மைதானம்) is a cricket ground located in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Uniquely owned by Trinity College, Kandy, it is situated a short distance away from the city centre. Historically, it was a prominent venue for Test matches when international teams toured Sri Lanka. Asgiriya gained fame as the country's second Test cricket ground in 1982–83 when it hosted Greg Chappell's Australian team, following in the footsteps of the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium.
Jolly Kaguhangire
Jolly Kamugira Kaguhangire is a businesswoman and corporate executive in Uganda. From April 2017 to October 2018, she was the executive director and CEO of Uganda Investment Authority (UIA), the government agency that is responsible for promoting, attracting and facilitating investment into Uganda's national economy.

Women in business
The phrase women in business refers to female businesspeople who hold positions, particularly leadership in the fields of commerce, business, and entrepreneurship. It advocates for their increased participation in business.

Increased participation of women in business can be important for variation in business development, ideas, and business products. Participation also encourages the development of social networks and supports that have positive repercussions for women and for their social environment.

The status of women in business varies significantly around the world. Sometimes a lack of adequate business capital, female education, and training programs in the use of technology  can mean women are more constrained by their social and political environment than men.
Glenville, County Cork
Glenville (Irish: Gleann an Phréacháin) is a village and townland in County Cork, Ireland. It is situated approximately 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Cork city. Glenville is in the Dáil constituency of Cork North-Central.

Cork North-Central
Cork North-Central is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects five deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Quizlet
Quizlet is a multi-national American education technology company that provides digital study tools, including flashcards, practice quizzes, and collaborative learning games. The service was founded in 2006 by Andrew Sutherland and released publicly in 2007.

The platform is widely used in K-12 and higher education, and as of 2021, Quizlet reported more than 60 million monthly active users and over 500 million user-generated study sets. Quizlet operates on a freemium model, offering both free basic study tools and paid subscriptions with added features.

The company has also introduced AI-powered tutoring capabilities and live collaborative gameplay tools such as QuizletLive.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
Prapawadee Jaroenrattanatarakoon
Prapawadee Jaroenrattanatarakoon (Thai: ประภาวดี เจริญรัตนธารากูล; RTGS: Praphawadi Charoenrattanatharakun) (born Junpim Kuntatean, Thai: จันทร์พิมพ์ กันทะเตียน; RTGS: Chanphim Kanthatian, also transliterated Chanpim Kantatian May 29, 1984) is a weightlifter from Thailand.

At the 2005 World Weightlifting Championships she won the silver medal in the 53 kg category, lifting a total of 223 kg (491.6 lbs). At the 2006 University World Championships she won the gold medal in the 53 kg category.

During the 2007 World Weightlifting Championships she suffered an elbow injury, and had to rest for three months.

She won the women's 53 kg class at the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.  She changed her name in 2007 on the advice of a fortune teller who said it would improve her chances of winning the Olympics. Her name was so long that it was listed as "J" on the digital scoreboard during the Beijing Games.

International Weightlifting Federation
The International Weightlifting Federation, aka IWF, is the international governing body for the sport of Weightlifting. Headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, it has 193 affiliated national federations. Mohammed Hasan Jalood has been its president since June 2022.

The IWF organizes the World Weightlifting Championships, as well as world championship events for Youth and Juniors. It also cooperates with the International Olympic Committee in the organization of Weightlifting events at the Olympic Games; however, weightlifting's inclusion in the 2028 Olympics is uncertain, due to doping issues within the sport, and governance issues within IWF, and weightlifting's inclusion is expected to be decided by an IOC meeting in 2023. Weightlifting was scheduled as a sport in the 2024 Olympics but with reduced numbers of athletes and events.

IWF traces its history to the formation of the "Amateur-Athleten-Weltunion" (Amateur Athletes World Union) in 1905.
Aegean Macedonia
Aegean Macedonia (Macedonian: Егејска Македонија, romanized: Egejska Makedonija; Bulgarian: Егейска Македония, romanized: Egeyska Makedonia) is a term referring to the region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. In the Republic of North Macedonia, it has sometimes been used in the irredentist context of a United Macedonia. Refugees from the region have also referred to themselves as "Aegean Macedonians" and their homeland as "Aegean Macedonia."

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Adelphia (album)
Adelphia is the second studio album by American post-hardcore band A Skylit Drive and the first on Fearless Records. It was released on June 9, 2009. The album peaked at 64 on the Billboard 200 as well as number 11 on the Top Independent Albums.

Fearless Records
Fearless Records is an American independent record label that was founded in 1994. Fearless is based in Culver City, California, and is best known for its early pop punk moments captured in the Fearless Flush Sampler and Punk Bites releases, as well as additional releases by bands such as Bigwig and Dynamite Boy; and later Sugarcult; Plain White T's; The Aquabats; Amely; and post-hardcore releases by At the Drive-In and Anatomy of a Ghost.  However, the label has experimented with different styles in recent years. Acts such as Blessthefall, Bloodywood, The Word Alive, Ice Nine Kills, Mayday Parade, Pierce The Veil, Starset, The Pretty Reckless, Underoath and The Color Morale have showcased post-hardcore, metalcore, hard rock and alternative rock bands that have emerged in recent years. Fearless Records' releases were distributed in the US by RED Distribution, but since Concord Music Group's purchase of the label in 2015, it has been distributed by Universal Music Group worldwide.
Soar Valley College
Soar Valley College is an 11–16 coeducational secondary school located in Leicester, Leicestershire, England.

It was designated a Maths and Computing specialist college in September 2004.

As part of the Building Schools for the Future initiative, the old building was demolished in 2009 and turned into playing fields, and a new building was built on the previous playing fields at a cost of approximately £21.5 million. The school hosted the Special Olympics netball games in 2009 on their newly built netball courts, known as the "Soar Valley Netball Centre" on the other side of the campus from the new building.

It became co-educational in 2016 and has one acre of land. The school has a lanyard system with different colours to show the different years.

Previously a community school administered by Leicester City Council, in June 2023 Soar Valley College converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Aspire Learning Partnership.

Leicester City Council
Leicester City Council is the local authority for the city of Leicester, in the ceremonial county of Leicestershire, England. Leicester has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1997 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council; it is independent from Leicestershire County Council.

The council consists of 54 councillors, overseen by a directly elected mayor. The council also appoints a ceremonial Lord Mayor who chairs council meetings; the directly elected mayor is termed the City Mayor to distinguish the post from the Lord Mayor. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2007, and the City Mayor has been Sir Peter Soulsby since 2011.

The council meets at Leicester Town Hall and has its main offices at City Hall on Charles Street.
Julia Kopecký
Julia Kopecký (born 10 August 2004) is a Czech professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Team SD Worx–Protime, having previously ridden for AG Insurance–Soudal NXTG. Her brothers Matyáš and Tomáš are also professional cyclists. She was selected to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics and won the Tour de Feminin in the same year.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
Soviet Central Asia
Soviet Central Asia (Russian: Советская Средняя Азия, romanized: Sovetskaya Srednyaya Aziya) was the part of Central Asia administered by the Russian SFSR and then the Soviet Union between 1918 and 1991, when the Central Asian Soviet republics declared independence. It is nearly synonymous with Russian Turkestan in the Russian Empire. Soviet Central Asia went through many territorial divisions before the current borders were created in the 1920s and 1930s.

Kokand
Kokand (/ˈkoʊkænd/ KOH-kand) is a city in Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. Administratively, Kokand is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Muqimiy. The population of Kokand as of 2022 was approximately 259,700. The city lies 228 km (142 mi) southeast of Tashkent, 115 km (71 mi) west of Andijan, and 88 km (55 mi) west of Fergana. It is nicknamed "City of Winds".

Kokand is at the crossroads of the two main ancient trade routes into the Fergana Valley, one leading northwest over the mountains to Tashkent, and the other west through Khujand. As a result, Kokand is the main transportation junction in the Fergana Valley.
Peters, Florida
Peters, Florida was a community in southern Dade County during the first half of the 20th century. It was located at the intersection of Quail Roost Road and the Florida East Coast Railway, and later became part of Perrine.

Florida State Road 994
State Road 994 (SR 994), locally known as Quail Roost Drive, is an 8.06-mile-long (12.97 km) east–west four-lane road in southern Miami-Dade County, Florida area. It connects Krome Avenue (SR 997) with U.S. Route 1.
Rhamnus lojaconoi
Rhamnus lojaconoi is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae. It is a shrub or tree endemic to Sicily, where it is known locally as ranno di Lojacono. It grows to 8 to 10 meters tall.

Rhamnus lojaconoi grows in remnant evergreen laurel forests in ravines on the northern slopes of the Madonie massif between 300 and 560 meters elevation, where the exposure and topography allow more year-round moisture. Laurel (Laurus nobilis) is the dominant tree, together with Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens subsp. pubescens, forming low thickets 6 to 12 meters tall, with a relatively open canopy with 50–80% coverage. Rhamnus lojaconoi grows in the relatively shady, cool, and humid forest understory with Woodwardia radicans, Pteris vittata, and several rare, endemic, and limited-range species.

There is a single known population of the species in Madonie Regional Natural Park with fewer than 50 individual plants. The species is assessed as critically endangered by the IUCN.

Madonie Regional Natural Park
The Madonie Regional Natural Park (Italian: Parco delle Madonie) is an Italian regional park located in Sicily, between Palermo and Cefalù and covers 39,972 acres (161.76 square kilometres; 62.46 square miles).
University Students' Council (Malta)
The University Students' Council (Maltese: Kunsill Studenti Universitarji), also known in abbreviation as KSU, is a Maltese national students' union. It is the oldest extant student organization in Europe. The KSU was established by Arturo Mercieca (1878-1969), later Chief Justice Sir Arturo Mercieca (1924-1940), in 1901 as the Comitato Permanente Universitario, also previously known as University Permanent Committee. The students union is involved in students' national and international politics.

The KSU represents Maltese students on a national and international level who attend:

The University of Malta

The G. F. Abela Junior College

The Medical School

The Malta Centre for Restoration.

Villa Bighi
Royal Naval Hospital Bighi (RNH Bighi) also known as Bighi Hospital, was a major naval hospital located in the small town of Kalkara on the island of Malta. It was built on the site of the gardens of Palazzo Bichi, that was periodically known as Palazzo Salvatore. RNH Bighi served the eastern Mediterranean in the 19th and 20th centuries and, in conjunction with the RN Hospital at Mtarfa, contributed to the nursing and medical care of casualties whenever hostilities occurred in the Mediterranean. The building is now known as Villa Bighi and it houses a restoration unit.
Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (MN Larma)
The Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (MN Larma) (Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম জনসংহতি সমিতি (এম এন লারমা); United People's Party of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (MN Larma); abbreviated PCJSS-MN Larma), also known as the Jana Samhati Samiti (MN Larma) and JSS-MN Larma, is a regional political party and militant organization in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Chittagong, Bangladesh. PCJSS-MN Larma is named after M. N. Larma, the founding leader of PCJSS. Whilst the PCJSS demands the full implementation of the 1997 Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, the PCJSS-MN Larma still demands autonomy for the Chittagong Hill Tracts. They are allegedly allied to UPDF (Democratic).

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
White-tailed warbler
The white-tailed warbler (Poliolais lopezi) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae, the only species of the genus Poliolais. It is native to the Western High Plateau and Bioko.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

Western High Plateau
The Western High Plateau, Western Highlands or Bamenda Grassfields is a region of Cameroon characterised by high relief, cool temperatures, heavy rainfall and savanna vegetation. The region lies along the Cameroon line and consists of mountain ranges and volcanoes made of crystalline and igneous rock. The region borders the South Cameroon Plateau to the southeast, the Adamawa Plateau to the northeast and the Cameroon coastal plain to the south.
Kingdoms Disdained
Kingdoms Disdained is the ninth studio album by American death metal band Morbid Angel, released on December 1, 2017, by Silver Lining Music. It is the first album since 2003's Heretic to feature Steve Tucker and the only one to feature former Abysmal Dawn drummer Scott Fuller. It is also the first to not feature David Vincent, Destructhor and Tim Yeung since 2011's Illud Divinum Insanus, as all three members left the band in 2015. A music video was made for "Garden of Disdain".

Destructhor
Thor Anders Myhren (born 8 March 1978), better known as Destructhor, is a Norwegian musician, currently the vocalist and guitarist for metal band Myrkskog and guitarist for black metal band Nordjevel. He is the former guitarist for bands Morbid Angel and Zyklon. He joined Morbid Angel in 2008 and departed in 2015. He has worked as a live guitarist with 1349 including Inferno festival in 2008 and 2015. He plays with black/death metal project Nader Sadek in live settings, and has recorded solos for the project for their debut "In the flesh"
Ehuasso
Ehuasso (also spelled Ehuiasso) is a village in eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Zaranou, Abengourou Department, Indénié-Djuablin Region, Comoé District.

Ehuasso was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Abengourou Department
Abengourou Department is a department of Indénié-Djuablin Region in Comoé District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 430,539 and its seat is the settlement of Abengourou. The sub-prefectures of the department are Abengourou, Amélékia, Aniassué, Ebilassokro,  Niablé, Yakassé-Féyassé, and Zaranou.