hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Werner Spannagel
Werner Spannagel (6 October 1909 – 11 August 1943) was a German boxer who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics. He was born in Dahlerau. At the 1932 Summer Olympics he was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the flyweight class after losing his fight to the upcoming bronze medalist Louis Salica. In the Second World War, he was sent to the Eastern Front and fought in the army of the Nazi Germany. News of his death was received on 23 December 1943.

Dahlerau
Dahlerau is a borough of Radevormwald in Oberbergischer Kreis, located in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated in the valley of the river Wupper, about 7 km by road away from Radevormwald city centre.

It was the site of the Dahlerau train disaster, a severe railway collision in 1971. Until 1996 Dahlerau was a site of textile manufacturing, and is now home to a museum about the industry, based in a former factory.
Operation Allied Protector
Operation Allied Protector was an anti-piracy military operation undertaken by NATO forces from March – August 2009 in the Gulf of Aden, the Indian Ocean, and the Guardafui Channel to protect maritime routes from pirates within the International Recommended Transit Corridor (IRTC). It was the second NATO anti-piracy operation in area following Operation Allied Provider and was succeeded by Operation Ocean Shield.

From 24 March – June 2009, the operation was conducted by Standing NATO Maritime Group One (SNMG1). Commander SNMG 1 had the task designator Commander Task Force 410 for the operation. This was the first time that SNMG1, which had previously operated in the Eastern Atlantic, was deployed operationally East of Suez. From 29 June – August 2009, Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) took over responsibility from SNMG1.

Guardafui Channel
The Guardafui Channel (Arabic: مضيق غواردافوي, Somali: Marinka Gardafuul) is an oceanic strait off the tip of the Horn of Africa that lies between the Puntland region of Somalia and the Socotra governorate of Yemen to the west of the Arabian Sea. It connects the Gulf of Aden to the north with the Indian Ocean to the south. Its namesake is Cape Guardafui, the very tip of the Horn of Africa.
Hawick Burghs
Hawick Burghs was a district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1868 until 1918. It consisted of the Roxburghshire burgh of Hawick and the Selkirkshire burghs of Galashiels and Selkirk.

Selkirkshire
Selkirkshire (or the County of Selkirk) is a historic county and registration county of Scotland. It borders Peeblesshire to the west, Midlothian to the north, Roxburghshire to the east, and Dumfriesshire to the south. It derives its name from its county town, the royal burgh of Selkirk. The county was historically also known as Ettrick Forest.

Unlike many historic counties, Selkirkshire does not have its own lieutenancy area, but forms part of the Roxburgh, Ettrick and Lauderdale lieutenancy area.
372 Palma
372 Palma is one of the largest main-belt asteroids. It is a B-type asteroid.

It was discovered by Auguste Charlois on August 19, 1893, in Nice. It is thought to be named after the capital city of Mallorca, an island of the Balearic Islands (Spain), which is located south of France. It is one of seven of Charlois's discoveries that were expressly named by the Astromomisches Rechen-Institut (Astronomical Calculation Institute).

B-type asteroid
B-type asteroids are a relatively uncommon type of carbonaceous asteroid, falling into the wider C-group; the 'B' indicates these objects are spectrally blue. In the asteroid population, B-class objects can be found in the outer asteroid belt, and also dominate the high-inclination Pallas family which includes the third-largest asteroid 2 Pallas. They are thought to be primitive, volatile-rich remnants from the early Solar System. There are 65 known B-type asteroids in the SMASS classification, and 9 in the Tholen classification as of March 2015.
Pico Tempestades
Pico Tempestades is a Spanish mountain which is part of Pyrenees range of mountains. It is located in Benasque Valley. Consequently, it is placed in the north-east of Huesca and in the north-east of Aragon.

Province of Huesca
Huesca (Aragonese: Uesca; Catalan: Osca), officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. The capital is Huesca.

Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France and the French departments of Haute-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and Hautes-Pyrénées. Within Spain, Huesca's neighboring provinces are Navarre, Zaragoza, and Lleida.
Newtownards Airport
Newtownards Aerodrome (ICAO: EGAD) is a local airfield in Newtownards, County Down, Northern Ireland, 8.5 NM (15.7 km; 9.8 mi) east of Belfast. It offers light aircraft flights (operated by the Ulster Flying Club), helicopter flights (operated by HeliPower), microlight flights (operated by NI Microlights) and flight simulator training (by AlphaTech). The airport also has an onsite restaurant.

Newtownards Aerodrome has a CAA Ordinary Licence (number P659) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Ulster Flying Club (1961) Limited).

Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)
The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is the statutory corporation which oversees and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the United Kingdom. Its areas of responsibility include:

Supervising the issuing of pilots and aircraft engineers licences, testing of equipment, calibrating of navaids, and many other inspections (Civil Aviation Flying Unit).

Managing the regulation of security standards, including vetting of all personnel in the aviation industry (Directorate of Aviation Security).

Overseeing the national protection scheme for customers abroad in the event of a travel company failure (Air Travel Organisers' Licensing – ATOL).

Licensing of spaceflight activities in the UK. This includes: Launch, Range Control, Orbital Operators, and Spaceport licence issuing (Space Industry Act 2018).

The CAA is a public corporation of the Department for Transport, liaising with the government via the Standards Group of the Cabinet Office.
Ieronymos I of Athens
Ieronymos I (Greek: Ιερώνυμος Α´, Ierōnymos; Latin: Hieronymus I; English: Jerome I; 1 May 1905 – 15 November 1988) was a Greek monk and theologian, who served as the Archbishop of Athens and All Greece and as such the primate of the Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Greece in 1967–1973, during the Greek military junta of 1967–1974.

Archbishopric of Athens
The Archbishopric of Athens (Greek: Ιερά Αρχιεπισκοπή Αθηνών) is a Greek Orthodox archiepiscopal see based in the city of Athens, Greece. It is the senior see of Greece, and the seat of the autocephalous Church of Greece. Its incumbent (since 2008) is Ieronymos II of Athens. As the head of the Church of Greece, the holder is styled Archbishop of Athens and All Greece (Αρχιεπίσκοπος Αθηνών και πάσης Ελλάδος).
In rem jurisdiction
In law, in rem jurisdiction (Law Latin for "power about or against 'the thing'") is a legal term referring to the power a court may exercise over property (either real or personal) or a "status" against a person over whom the court does not have in personam jurisdiction. Jurisdiction in rem assumes the property or status is the primary object of the action, rather than personal liabilities not necessarily associated with the property.

Personal property
Personal property is property that is movable. In common law systems, personal property may also be called chattels or personalty. In civil law systems, personal property is often called movable property or movables—any property that can be moved from one location to another.

Personal property can be understood in comparison to real estate, immovable property or real property (such as land and buildings).

Movable property on land (larger livestock, for example) was not automatically sold with the land; it was "personal" to the owner and moved with the owner.

The word cattle is the Old Norman variant of Old French chatel, chattel (derived from Latin capitalis, "of the head"), which was once synonymous with general movable personal property.
Parish of Narumerpy
Narumerpy, New South Wales is a Parish of Ularara County in north west New South Wales. It is  between Milparinka, New South Wales and Wilcannia and west of Wanaaring.

The main economic activity of the parish is agriculture, with the Ardoo and the Salisbury Downs Station  and the parish is at 30°02′03″S 143°24′02″E﻿ / ﻿30.034167°S 143.400556°E﻿ / -30.034167; 143.400556.

Milparinka, New South Wales
Milparinka is a small settlement in north-west New South Wales, Australia, about 250 kilometres (155 mi) north of Broken Hill on the Silver City Highway. At the time of the 2021 census, Milparinka had a population of 67 people. Milparinka is on Evelyn Creek.

Summer temperatures can reach 48 °C (118 °F).
Rakoshyno
Rakoshyno (Ukrainian: Ракошино, Hungarian: Beregrákos) is a village located in the Mukacheve Raion (district) in the Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. Rakoshino is located 7 kilometers from Mukachevo.

It has a population of 3,280. 51.90% of which spoke Rusyn according to the 2001 Census.

Mukachevo Raion
Mukachevo Raion (Ukrainian: Мукачівський район; Hungarian: Munkácsi járás) is a raion (district) of Zakarpattia Oblast (province) of Ukraine. Mukachevo is the administrative center of the raion. Its population is 251,145 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zakarpattia Oblast was reduced to six, and the area of Mukachevo Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 99,518 (2020 est.).

There are several alternative names used for this raion: Hungarian: Munkácsi járás, German: Rajon Mukatschewe, Russian: Мукачевский район, Slovak: Mukačevský rajón.

Residents in seven villages of the raion have the option to learn the Hungarian language in a school or home school environment.
Puakō, Hawaii
Puakō is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaiʻi County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 772 at the 2010 census, up from 429 at the 2000 census. The epicenter of the 2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake was some 6 miles (10 km) offshore of the village.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Mir-Mahna
Mir-Mahna (sometimes spelled Mir Mahna) is a computer game based on the life of Mir Mahna, an amir of Kharg, Iran, who successfully fought against Dutch colonial forces in Iran during the reign of Nader Shah in the 1740s. Introduced in August 2010 at Gamescom, Mir-Mahna officially was released in Tehran, Iran, in February 2011 and was supported by the Iran Computer and Video Games Foundation.

Mir-Mahna is the first Iranian game about the life of a contemporary Iranian hero and the second game after Garshasp Gorz-e-Serit to focus on Iranian heroes. The game's storyline is based on a series of books entitled On the Red Marine Roads by Nader Ebrahimi, an Iranian writer, screenwriter, photographer, director and actor. By using traditional Iranian music with modern computer motion capture, the game designers sought to introduce Iranian culture and civilization worldwide. This was part of a larger effort by the Iranian government to use computer games to help convey its culture.

Nader Ebrahimi
Nader Ebrahimi (April 3, 1936 – June 5, 2008; Persian: نادر ابراهیمی) was an Iranian writer, screenwriter, photographer, director, actor, songwriter, and a renowned contemporary novelist.

Son to Ata-ol-molk Ebrahimi, who was a descendant of a famous family from Kerman, Nader earned his diploma in Persian literature, and then received his BA in English literature. He was also affiliated with political activities, which resulted in periods of imprisonment. He worked in various jobs, including teaching and banking. He directed some TV series and documentaries, such as The Sound of the Desert but he's best known as a novelist, for Three Looks at the man coming from, Forty Letters to my wife, A Man in everlasting banishment, and Fire without smoke. He also directed Hami and Kami on Long Journeys to Their Homeland, a television series that aired on Iranian state television prior to the Islamic Revolution's victory in 1979.
Alexander (son of Lysimachus)
Alexander (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, flourished 3rd century BC) was a son of the diadochus Lysimachus, a Greek nobleman of Macedonian Thessalian origin, by an Odrysian concubine called Macris.

Following the murder of his paternal half-brother Agathocles by the command of his father in 284 BC, he fled into Asia with his brother's widow Lysandra and solicited the aid of Seleucus I Nicator. As a consequence, war ensued between Seleucus and Lysimachus, ending in the defeat and death of the latter, who was slain in battle in 281 BC, in the plain of Corius in Phrygia. Alexander conveyed his father's body to Lysimachia, to be buried in a tomb between Cardia and Pactya, where it still stood in the time of Pausanias, four centuries later.

Diadochi
The Diadochi were the rival generals, families, and friends of Alexander the Great who fought for control over his empire after his death in 323 BC. The Wars of the Diadochi mark the beginning of the Hellenistic period from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus River Valley.

The most notable Diadochi include Ptolemy, Antigonus, Cassander, and Seleucus as the last remaining at the end of the Wars of the Successors, ruling in Egypt, Asia-Minor, Macedon and Persia respectively, with Ptolemaic, Antigonid and Seleucid dynasties lasting several centuries.
Baseband
In telecommunications and signal processing, baseband is the range of frequencies occupied by a signal that has not been modulated to higher frequencies. Baseband signals typically originate from transducers, converting some other variable into an electrical signal.  For example, the electronic output of a microphone is a baseband signal that is analogous to the applied voice audio. In conventional analog radio broadcasting, the baseband audio signal is used to modulate an RF carrier signal of a much higher frequency.

A baseband signal may have frequency components going all the way down to the DC bias, or at least it will have a high ratio bandwidth.  A modulated baseband signal is called a passband signal.  This occupies a higher range of frequencies and has a lower ratio and fractional bandwidth.

Analog signal
An analog signal (American English) or analogue signal (British and Commonwealth English) is any signal, typically a continuous-time signal, representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity. For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous signal voltage varies in a manner analogous to the pressure of the sound waves.

In contrast, a digital signal represents the original time-varying quantity as a sampled sequence of quantized numeric values, typically but not necessarily in the form of a binary value. Digital sampling imposes some bandwidth and dynamic range constraints on the representation and adds quantization noise.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey or be considered analog signals.
Braids (band)
Braids (formerly stylized as BRAIDS) is a Canadian art rock band originating from Calgary, Alberta and based in Montréal, Québec for most of their career. Braids currently consists of Raphaelle Standell-Preston, Austin Tufts and Taylor Smith. The band (along with former members Katie Lee and Vince Man) met at a young age and began collaborating in high school. Their debut album, Native Speaker, was released on January 18, 2011, in Canada and the United States to generally positive reviews. The album was shortlisted for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize. The band's second album, Flourish // Perish, was released on August 20, 2013. Their third, Deep in the Iris, was released on April 28, 2015, and was awarded the 2015 Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year.

Art rock
Art rock is a subgenre of rock music that aims to separate the genre from popular entertainment, with the term typically being applied as the middle ground between mainstream and experimental rock. Art rock primarily draws influences from the wider art world  and academia; which includes contemporary art, art music, avant-garde art, experimental music, avant-garde music, alongside classical music and jazz.

Critics have defined art rock as a "rejection" of rock music intended solely for the purpose of popular entertainment or dancing. The term was closely associated with a specific period beginning in 1966–67, which became influential to the development of progressive rock.
British Rail Class 10
The British Rail Class 10 diesel locomotives are a variant of the standard Class 08 diesel-electric shunter with a Lister Blackstone diesel engine and General Electric Company plc (GEC) traction motors. The locomotives were built at the BR Works in Darlington and Doncaster over the period 1955–1962, and were withdrawn between February 1967 and June 1972.

Doncaster Works
Doncaster Railway Works is a railway workshop located in Doncaster, England.

Also referred to as The Plant, it was established by the Great Northern Railway in 1853, replacing the previous works in Boston and Peterborough. Until 1867 it undertook only repairs and maintenance. Today the remaining part is operated by Wabtec.
Darreh Shur, Miankuh
Darreh Shur (Persian: دره شور, also Romanized as Darreh Shūr; also known as Darrehshūr) is a village in Shalil Rural District, Miankuh District, Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 8, in 8 families.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Abdominal epilepsy
Abdominal epilepsy is a rare condition consisting of gastrointestinal disturbances caused by epileptiform seizure activity. It is most frequently found in children, though a few cases of it have been reported in adults. It has been described as a type of temporal lobe epilepsy. Responsiveness to anticonvulsants can aid in the diagnosis. Distinguishing features of abdominal epilepsy include:

Abnormal laboratory, radiographic, and endoscopic findings revealing paroxysmal GI manifestations of unknown origin.

CNS symptoms.

An abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG).

Most published medical literature dealing with abdominal epilepsy is in the form of individual case reports. A 2005 review article found a total of 36 cases described in the medical literature.

Case report
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported cases. Case reports are professional narratives that provide feedback on clinical practice guidelines and offer a framework for early signals of effectiveness, adverse events, and cost. They can be shared for medical, scientific, or educational purposes.
Dirk Panter
Dirk Matthias Panter (born 7 February 1974 in Achern) is a German politician serving as minister of economic affairs, labour, energy and climate protection of Saxony since 2024. He has been a member of the Landtag of Saxony since 2009.

Landtag of Saxony
The Landtag of Saxony (German: Sächsischer Landtag; Upper Sorbian: Sakski krajny sejm), also known in English as the Saxon State Parliament, is the legislature of the Free State of Saxony, one of Germany's sixteen states. It is responsible for legislation, control of the government, and electing some state officials. The Landtag has existed in various forms since 1831, but the current body was established during German reunification in 1990. The Landtag is directly elected and has a term of five years.
Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi
The Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi is a federal government higher education institution located in Bichi, Kano State, Nigeria. It is affiliated to Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University for its degree programmes. The current Provost is Bashir Muhammad Fagge.

Bichi
BichiListenⓘ is a Local Government Area and a headquarter of Bichi Emirate council in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bichi on the A9 highway. Bichi was founded by danejawa the white herders under the leadership of Ardo buba the grandfather of Malam  danzabuwa
Jon Hicks (journalist)
Jon Hicks was the former editor-in-chief of the UK edition of the Official Xbox Magazine between 2007 and 2014. He wrote the first published review of Rockstar Games' Grand Theft Auto IV.

Hicks previously worked on the launch of Windows Vista: The Official Magazine and has written for many print publications including PC Gamer, PC Format, GamesMaster, PC Zone, SFX, Edge, PC Plus, .net, Windows XP Magazine, Stuff, and The Mail on Sunday.

PC Plus
PC Plus was a computer magazine published monthly from 1986  until September 2012 in the UK by Future plc. The magazine was aimed at intermediate to advanced PC users, computer professionals and enthusiasts.  The magazine was specifically for users of PCs and related technologies so features articles were undiluted by coverage of other platforms. It began its life specifically as a magazine aimed at the Amstrad PC user.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) or hereditary sensory neuropathy (HSN) is a kind of disease which inhibits sensation.

This condition is less common than Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Hypohidrosis
Hypohidrosis is a medical condition in which a person exhibits diminished sweating in response to appropriate stimuli. In contrast with hyperhidrosis, which is a socially troubling yet often harmless condition, the consequences of untreated hypohidrosis include hyperthermia, heat stroke and death. An extreme case of hypohidrosis in which there is a complete absence of sweating and the skin is dry is termed anhidrosis. The condition is also known as adiaphoresis, ischidrosis, oligidria, oligohidrosis and sweating deficiency.