hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arctagrostis
Arctagrostis is a genus of Arctic and Subarctic plants in the grass family, native to colder parts of Europe, Asia, and North America.

Species

Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal - Siberia, Russian Far East, Alaska including Aleutians, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Alberta, British Columbia

Arctagrostis latifolia (R.Br.) Griseb. - Finland, Norway, Svalbard, European + Asiatic Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Alaska, Greenland, Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia, Labrador, Ontario, Québec)

formerly included

see Dupontia

Arctagrostis humilis - Dupontia fisheri

Subarctic
The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of hemiboreal regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Fennoscandia, Northwestern Russia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, subarctic regions fall between 50°N and 70°N latitude, depending on local climates. Precipitation is usually low, and vegetation is characteristic of the taiga.

Daylight at these latitudes is quite extreme between summer and winter due to its high latitude. Near the summer solstice for instance, subarctic regions can experience an all-night period of either civil, nautical, or astronomical twilight (or in the northern reaches full daylight), since the sun never dips more than 18 degrees below the horizon. Noctilucent clouds are best observed within this range of latitude.
Four Stones for Kanemitsu
Four Stones for Kanemitsu is a 1973 American short documentary film, written and produced by June Wayne and filmed by Terry Sanders. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. The film is educational and records in details each of the steps in making of a color lithograph by artist, Matsumi Kanemitsu.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
1881 Southern Maori by-election
The 1881 Southern Maori by-election was a by-election held on 1 March 1881 in the Southern Maori electorate during the 7th New Zealand Parliament.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Ihaia Tainui.

The by-election was won by Hōri Kerei Taiaroa; he had been disqualified from the Legislative Council and Tainui had resigned so that he could return to the Lower House.

There was no vote as Taiaroa was unopposed.

Southern Maori
Southern Maori was one of New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Northern Maori, Western Maori and Eastern Maori. In 1996, with the introduction of MMP, the Maori electorates were updated, and Southern Maori was replaced with the Te Tai Tonga and Te Puku O Te Whenua electorates.
Brestovitsa, Plovdiv Province
Brestovitsa (Bulgarian: Брестовица) is a village in the Rodopi Municipality, southern Bulgaria. The village has a population of 3,718. The village is famous for its grape-growing and wines. There is a recreation villa zone mainly owned by citizens of Plovdiv.

Rodopi Municipality
Rodopi municipality (Bulgarian: Община Родопи) is situated in the Plovdiv Province, southern Bulgaria.  As of 2006 the population is 33,111.

It occupies parts of the Upper Thracian Plain to the south of Plovdiv and the northernmost slopes of the central Rhodopi mountains.  Its territory is 524.8 square kilometres (202.6 sq mi).

The backbone of the economy is agriculture which employs around 80% of the population.  Amongst the most important crops are grapes with annual production of 15,000 tonnes.
King County Journal
The King County Journal was a newspaper published in Kent, Washington, United States. It was formed in 2002 as a combination of the old Valley Daily News of Kent and the Journal-American of Bellevue, which merged when they were bought by Peter Horvitz. The newspaper had an initial combined circulation of 60,000. The Journal-American (later the Eastside Journal) was formed in 1976 from Bellevue and Kirkland weeklies, while the Valley Daily News (later the South County Journal) was created from non-daily newspapers in Renton, Kent and Auburn.

Kent, Washington
Kent is a city in King County, Washington, United States. It is part of the Seattle metropolitan area and had a population of 136,588 as of the 2020 census, and was estimated at 136,588 in 2024, making it the fourth-most populous municipality in greater Seattle and the sixth-most populous in Washington state. The city is connected to Seattle, Bellevue and Tacoma via State Route 167 and Interstate 5, Sounder commuter rail, and commuter buses.

Incorporated in 1890, Kent is the second-oldest incorporated city in the county, after the county seat of Seattle. It is generally divided into three areas: West Hill (mixed residential and commercial along Interstate 5), Valley (primarily industrial and commercial with some medium-density residential; significant parkland along Green River), and East Hill (primarily residential with retail).
Knut Stjerna
Knut Martin Stjerna (14 March 1874 – 15 November 1909) was a Swedish archaeologist and scholar. He is notable for a number of papers analyzing Beowulf from an archaeological perspective. He was a lecturer at Uppsala University, where he taught, among others, Birger Nerman and Sune Lindqvist.

Svenska Historiska Föreningen
Svenska Historiska Föreningen is a Swedish historical society, founded in 1880. Its members include  academic researchers in History as well as students and other interested individuals. It arranges national history conferences every year, and has published the journal Historisk Tidskrift since 1881. Editorship of the journal circulates between History departments of the various Swedish universities.
SS Benjamin Chew
SS Benjamin Chew was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Benjamin Chew, a fifth-generation American, a Quaker-born legal scholar, a prominent and successful Philadelphia lawyer, head of the Pennsylvania Judiciary System under both Colony and Commonwealth, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Province of Pennsylvania. Chew was well known for his precision and brevity in making legal arguments as well as his excellent memory, judgment, and knowledge of statutory law. Chew lived and practiced law in Philadelphia, four blocks from Independence Hall, and provided pro bono his knowledge of substantive law to America's Founding Fathers during the creation of the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights.

Philadelphia lawyer
“Philadelphia lawyer” is a term to describe a lawyer who knows the most detailed and minute points of law or is an exceptionally competent lawyer. Its first known usage dates back to 1788.

Philadelphia-based Colonial American lawyer Andrew Hamilton, a  lawyer best known for his legal victory on behalf of printer and newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger, is believed to have inspired the "Philadelphia lawyer" term. This 1735 decision helped to establish that truth is a defense to an accusation of libel.
Bhuma Shobha Nagi Reddy
Bhuma Shobha Nagi Reddy (16 December 1968 – 24 April 2014) was an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh, India. She represented the Allagadda constituency in the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh for four terms until 2012 when she resigned due to political turmoil in her party. She served as the chairperson of Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) and was the spokesperson for Prajarajyam party, having previously been General Secretary and also a state committee member in Telugu Desam Party. In 2012, she left the Prajarajyam party and joined the newly formed YSR Congress. Her husband Bhuma Nagi Reddy was also a politician who served twice as a Member of Legislative Assembly and thrice as a Member of Parliament.

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Richard Popkin
Richard Henry Popkin (December 27, 1923 – April 14, 2005) was an American academic philosopher who specialized in the history of enlightenment philosophy and early modern anti-dogmatism. His 1960 work The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Descartes introduced one previously unrecognized influence on Western thought in the seventeenth century, the Pyrrhonian Scepticism of Sextus Empiricus. Popkin also was an internationally acclaimed scholar on Christian millenarianism and Jewish messianism.

Early modern philosophy
Early modern philosophy (also classical modern philosophy) was a period in the history of philosophy that overlaps with the beginning of the period known as modern philosophy. It succeeded the medieval era of philosophy. Early modern philosophy is usually thought to have occurred between the 16th and 18th centuries, though some philosophers and historians may put this period slightly earlier. During this time, influential philosophers included Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant, all of whom contributed to the current understanding of philosophy.
Dovercourt (provincial electoral district)
Dovercourt was the name of a provincial riding in Ontario, Canada.  It existed from the 1926 election to the 1999 election. When it was established, it bordered Brockton on to the west, York South to the north, and Bracondale on the east. Lake Ontario was its southern border for most of its existence. At its abolition in 1999, it consisted of that part of the city of Toronto bounded on the north by the former city limits, on the east by Bathurst Street, on the south by Bloor Street and on the west by the CN Railway and St. Clair Avenue. It was redistributed into Davenport, St. Paul's and Trinity—Spadina ridings.

Bathurst Street (Toronto)
Bathurst Street is a main north–south arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It begins at an intersection of the Queens Quay roadway, just north of the Lake Ontario shoreline. It continues north through Toronto to the Toronto boundary at Steeles Avenue. It is a four-lane thoroughfare throughout Toronto. The street continues north into York Region where it is also designated York Regional Road 38, and ends in the Holland Marsh.
Leiomy Maldonado
Leiomy Maldonado (born April 28, 1987), known as the "Wonder Woman of Vogue", is a transgender Puerto Rican-American dancer, instructor, model, activist, and ballroom dancer. She is the founder of the House of Amazon and best known for her voguing. Maldonado introduced a new style of voguing which is more athletic and dramatic when she entered into the scene in early 2000s New York.

She was a member of the dance troupe "Vogue Evolution", which was featured on Season 4 of America's Best Dance Crew. She has worked with artists such as Willow Smith, Icona Pop, and CocoRosie.

America's Best Dance Crew season 4
The fourth season of America's Best Dance Crew premiered on August 9, 2009. All three regular judges, host Mario Lopez, and backstage correspondent Layla Kayleigh returned. This was the last season to feature Shane Sparks as a judge. In the live finale, which aired on September 27, 2009, We Are Heroes was declared the winner.
WTA Taiwan Open
The Taiwan Open was a professional women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Taipei, Taiwan. The tournament began in 2016 and was held in Kaohsiung, Taiwan for its first year. Affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), the Taiwan Open was  an International-level tournament on the WTA Tour. The Taiwan Open was discontinued from the 2019 season, with the Hua Hin Championships replacing it on the calendar.

2019 WTA Tour
The 2019 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2019 tennis season. The 2019 WTA Tour calendar was composed of the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy). The Hopman Cup, organized by the ITF, also is included but did not distribute ranking points.

Prior to the season, the WTA announced usage of a shot clock at all Premier events. Players had have a minute to get on court, five minutes to warm up, and one minute to start the match. The time allotted to players in between points has been increased from 20 to 25 seconds. Finally, players were allowed only one toilet break in a match.
One Piece: Pirate Warriors 3
One Piece: Pirate Warriors 3 is an action video game, developed by Omega Force and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, and Windows. The game is the sequel to One Piece: Pirate Warriors 2, released in Japan on March 26, 2015 and subsequently in the West on August 25, 2015. This is the last One Piece video game released for the PlayStation 3. An enhanced port for the Nintendo Switch was released in December 2017. It is the third installment in the Pirate Warriors video-game series.

A sequel, One Piece: Pirate Warriors 4, was released in March 2020.

Bandai Namco Entertainment
Bandai Namco Entertainment Inc. is a Japanese multinational video game publisher, and the video game branch of the wider Bandai Namco Holdings group. Founded in 2006 as Namco Bandai Games Inc., it is the successor to Namco's home and arcade video game business, as well as Bandai's former equivalent division. Development operations were spun off into a new company in 2012, Namco Bandai Studios, now called Bandai Namco Studios.

Bandai Namco Entertainment owns several multi-million video game franchises, including Pac-Man,  Tekken, Soulcalibur, Tales, Ace Combat, Taiko no Tatsujin, The Idolmaster, Ridge Racer, Dark Souls, .hack and Little Nightmares. Pac-Man himself serves as the official mascot of the company. The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises, such as Shonen Jump, Gundam, Kamen Rider, Super Sentai, Sword Art Online, and the Ultra Series.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Zanzibar
The Diocese of Zanzibar (Latin: Dioecesis Zanzibarensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Dar-es-Salaam.

The diocese’s cathedral is St. Joseph's Cathedral located in the episcopal see of Zanzibar.

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
David Whatley
David Whatley (born 1966) is the former president and CEO of Simutronics Corporation, a multiplayer game company in St. Charles, Missouri.  He was the co-founder of the company in 1987, and has been a key developer on all of the company's products, including the GemStone series, DragonRealms, Modus Operandi, Alliance of Heroes, and CyberStrike, which won the Online Game of the Year award from Computer Gaming World magazine in 1993.

GeoDefense
geoDefense is a 2008 tower defense game created for iOS devices developed by American studio Critical Thought Games. A sequel,  geoDefense Swarm, was released on September 14, 2009, and was listed by Time magazine as one of the best games of the year.  An Xbox Live enabled version was released for Windows Phone on June 8, 2011. As of the release of iPhone iOS 11, the game was removed from the App Store because of incompatibility.
Crystal Beach, Michigan
There are a few places named Crystal Beach in the U.S. state of Michigan:

Crystal Beach, Branch County, Michigan, an unincorporated community on Coldwater Lake in Branch County

A beach on Crystal Lake in Crystal Lake Township, Benzie County

An unincorporated development area on Lake Michigan in South Haven Charter Township, Van Buren County

South Haven Charter Township, Michigan
South Haven Charter Township is a charter township of Van Buren County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,041 at the 2020 census. The city of South Haven is located to the northwest of the township.

The city of South Haven has annexed portions of land that was once within the township boundaries, but is administratively autonomous. There are no other incorporated municipalities within the township. The area south of South Haven is considered to be a part of the city's urban area. Other settlements are in the unincorporated communities:

Maple Grove Corners is at 42°22′32″N 86°14′38″W﻿ / ﻿42.37556°N 86.24389°W﻿ / 42.37556; -86.24389. The elevation is 682 feet above sea level.

Crystal Beach is a development area on the shores of Lake Michigan several miles south of South Haven and just north of Van Buren State Park. It is at 42°21′24″N 86°17′53″W﻿ / ﻿42.35667°N 86.29806°W﻿ / 42.35667; -86.29806. The FIPS place code is 19130.
2014 South Australian local elections
The 2014 South Australian local elections were held in November 2014 to elect the councils of 67 of the 68 local government areas (LGAs) in South Australia. Many councils also held mayoral elections.

As per usual, no election was held in Roxby Council as it is served by an administrator who performs all the functions of a council.

At the close of nominations on 16 September, a total of 1,334 candidates had nominated for mayoral or councillor positions. 45 elections were uncontested, resulting in 73 candidates being elected unopposed. Three elections partially failed, resulting in follow-up supplementary elections to fill the five unfilled positions.

Roxby Council
The Roxby Council, formerly  Roxby Downs Council  and before that the Municipal Council of Roxby Downs, is the local government area covering the town of Roxby Downs and the Olympic Dam mine in South Australia. It has an area of 110 km².  At the 2021 census, it had a population of 3976.  The municipality was constituted on 15 May 1986. It is a unique local government area in South Australia, in that it does not have an elected council but is served by an Administrator who performs all the functions of a Council.

It covers most of the locality of Roxby Downs, except a portion to the east of the town, while also including a section of the adjacent locality of Olympic Dam.
Kingittorsuaq Runestone
The Kingittorsuaq Runestone (old spelling: Kingigtorssuaq), listed as GR 1 in the Rundata catalog, is a runestone that was found on Kingittorsuaq Island, an island in the Upernavik Archipelago in northwestern Greenland.

Scandinavian Runic-text Database
The Scandinavian Runic-text Database (Swedish: Samnordisk runtextdatabas) is a project involving the creation and maintenance of a database of transliterated runic inscriptions. The project's goal is to comprehensively catalog runestones in a machine-readable way for future research. The database is freely available via the Internet with a client program, called Rundata, for Microsoft Windows. For other operating systems, text files are provided or a web browser can be used to interact with the web application Runor.
Novo-Georgiyevskoye
Novo-Georgiyevskoye (Russian: Ново-Георгиевское) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kichmegnskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2002.

Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District (Russian: Ки́чменгско-Городе́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Velikoustyugsky District in the north, Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in the northeast, Oparinsky District of Kirov Oblast in the southeast, Vokhomsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Nikolsky and Babushkinsky Districts in the southwest, and with Nyuksensky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 7,025 square kilometers (2,712 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kichmengsky Gorodok. District's population: 18,485 (2010 Census); 22,187 (2002 Census); 26,170 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kichmengsky Gorodok accounts for 34.9% of the district's total population.
Honaker (surname)
Honaker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlie Honaker (1899–1974), American football player

Lombe Honaker (1888–1964), American college football and basketball player

Sam Honaker (1887–1966), American football player

Michael Honaker (born 1965), West Virginia politician

Lombe Honaker
Lombe Scott Honaker (September 25, 1888 – September 5, 1964) was an American college football and basketball player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Lincoln College (Illinois) from 1914 to 1916, Baldwin Wallace College from 1917 to 1918, Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas from 1919 to 1920, and Maryville College in Maryville, Tennessee from 1921 to 1958.
Ricardo Pinto (footballer, born 1965)
Ricardo Pinto (born January 23, 1965) is a retired professional association footballer who played as a goalkeeper for several Campeonato Brasileiro Série A clubs and for Primera División Paraguaya club Cerro Porteño. He is the former coach of Paraná Clube.

Paraná Clube
Paraná Clube, commonly referred to as Paraná, is a Brazilian professional club based in Curitiba, Paraná founded on 19 December 1989. It competes in the Campeonato Paranaense Série Prata, the second tier of the Paraná state football league.

Established on 19 December 1989, in the Vila Capanema district, it is one of several Brazilian clubs called Tricolor da Vila ("tricolored of the town") by its fans because it has three team colors. Paraná's three colors are red, white and blue. Apart from football, other sports sponsored at the club are bowling, futsal, martial arts, tennis, volleyball and weight-lifting.
Troponin C
Troponin C is a protein which is part of the troponin complex. It contains four calcium-binding EF hands, although different isoforms may have fewer than four functional calcium-binding subdomains. It is a component of thin filaments, along with actin and tropomyosin. It contains an N lobe and a C lobe.  The C lobe serves a structural purpose and binds to the N domain of troponin I (TnI).  The C lobe can bind either Ca2+ or Mg2+.  The N lobe, which binds only Ca2+, is the regulatory lobe and binds to the C domain of troponin I after calcium binding.

Myofilament
Myofilaments are the three protein filaments of myofibrils in muscle cells. The main proteins involved are myosin, actin, and titin. Myosin and actin are the contractile proteins and titin is an elastic protein. The myofilaments act together in muscle contraction, and in order of size are a thick one of mostly myosin, a thin one of mostly actin, and a very thin one of mostly titin.

Types of muscle tissue are striated skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, obliquely striated muscle (found in some invertebrates), and non-striated smooth muscle. Various arrangements of myofilaments create different muscles. Striated muscle has transverse bands of filaments. In obliquely striated muscle, the filaments are staggered. Smooth muscle has irregular arrangements of filaments.