hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Translation operator (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, a translation operator is defined as an operator which shifts particles and fields by a certain amount in a certain direction. It is a special case of the shift operator from functional analysis.

More specifically, for any displacement vector , there is a corresponding translation operator  that shifts particles and fields by the amount .

For example, if  acts on a particle located at position , the result is a particle at position .

Translation operators are unitary.

Translation operators are closely related to the momentum operator; for example, a translation operator that moves by an infinitesimal amount in the  direction has a simple relationship to the -component of the momentum operator. Because of this relationship, conservation of momentum holds when the translation operators commute with the Hamiltonian, i.e. when laws of physics are translation-invariant. This is an example of Noether's theorem.

Operator (physics)
An operator is a function over a space of physical states onto another space of states. The simplest example of the utility of operators is the study of symmetry (which makes the concept of a group useful in this context). Because of this, they are useful tools in classical mechanics. Operators are even more important in quantum mechanics, where they form an intrinsic part of the formulation of the theory. They play a central role in describing observables (measurable quantities like energy, momentum, etc.).
Premasiri Khemadasa
Deshamanya Kala Keerthi Dr. Premasiri Khemadasa (Sinhala: ආචාර්ය ප්‍රේමසිරි කේමදාස  ) (25 January 1937 – 24 October 2008) also known as "Khemadasa Master" was a Sri Lankan music composer. Exploring the various styles of music around the world Khemadasa endeavoured to develop a unique style of music. He combined Sinhala folk tunes, Hindustani music, Western music and many other streams of music in his compositions while adapting them to fit contemporary music.

Nidhanaya
Nidhanaya (English: The Treasure) is a 1972 Sinhalese language film directed by Dr. Lester James Peries, the screenplay, dialogue and script by Dr. Tissa Abeysekara, starring Gamini Fonseka and Malini Fonseka. The film stars Gamini Fonseka and Malini Fonseka in lead roles along with Shanthi Lekha, Saman Bokalawela and Trilicia Gunawardena in supportive roles.

The movie is based on a short story written by G.B.Senanayake in one of his short story collection known as "The Revenge". It revolves around a murder which is committed for the purpose of gaining access to a hidden treasure. The film won the Silver Lion of St. Mark award at the 1972 Venice International Film Festival and was also selected as one of the outstanding films of the year, receiving a Diploma, at the London Film Festival. It was also chosen as the best film of the first 50 years of Sri Lankan cinema and was included among the top 100 films of the century by the Cinémathèque Française.
Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Science College
The Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Science College (MSPSBS or Maktab Sains Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan), colloquially known as Maktab Sains (MS), is a government secondary school and sixth form college in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. It is regarded as Brunei's top government-run secondary school; it admits only exceptional pupils and is well-known for its rigorous standards for both academic and extracurricular accomplishment.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Purdom
Purdom is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Purdom (1883–1965), British author

Edmund Purdom (1924–2009), British actor

Thomas L. Purdom (1892–1927), Scottish World War I flying ace

Tom Purdom (1936–2024), American writer

William Purdom (1880–1921), British plant explorer

Tom Purdom
Thomas Edward Purdom (April 19, 1936 – January 14, 2024) was an American writer best known for science fiction and nonfiction. His story "Fossil Games" was a nominee for the Hugo Award for Best Novelette in 2000. He has also done music criticism since 1988. His works have been translated into German, Chinese, Burmese, Russian, and Czech. He lived in Philadelphia. Purdom died on January 14, 2024, at the age of 87.
2023 Cork Junior A Football Championship
The 2023 Cork Junior A Football Championship was the 125th staging of the Cork Junior A Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1895. The championship ran from 5 November to 26 November 2023.

The final was played on 26 November 2023 at Páirc Uí Rinn in Cork, between Canovee and Mayfield, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Canovee won the match by 4–14 to 1–11 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title in 16 years.

Canovee's Jack Kelleher was the championship's top scorer with 0–19.

Brian Dillons GAA
Brian Dillons is one of the oldest Gaelic Athletics Association clubs in Cork city in Ireland. It is named after the Irish Fenian, Brian Dillon and its original clubhouse ("the Hole in the Wall") was less than 100 metres from Dillon's home (in the eponymous Dillons Cross). The club is now based at the Tank Field in Montenotte (approximately 1 km to the east) and has playing pitches and dressing rooms at Lisnahorna, White's Cross.

Brian Dillons is a dual club, taking part in both hurling and football competitions.
Jean-Marie Eveillard
Jean-Marie Eveillard (born 1940) is a French international investor who currently serves as the senior investment adviser to First Eagle Funds. Eveillard, who served more than a quarter century as a portfolio manager, was co-honored in 2001 by Morningstar, Inc. as "Stock Manager of the Year" and was a finalist for their 2009 "fund manager of the decade award for non-U.S. stocks". In 2003, the group gave him a "Fund Manager Lifetime Achievement" award.

Morningstar, Inc.
Morningstar, Inc. is an American financial services firm headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, founded by Joe Mansueto in 1984. It provides an array of investment research and investment management services.

With operations in 29 countries, Morningstar's research and recommendations are considered by financial journalists as influential in the asset management industry, and a positive or negative recommendation from Morningstar analysts can drive money into or away from any given fund. Through its asset management division, the firm currently manages over US$295 billion as of March 31, 2023.

The firm also provides software and data platforms for investment professionals, including "Morningstar Research Portal", "Morningstar Direct" and "Morningstar Advisor Workstation".
Shankar Memorial National Cartoon Museum and Art Gallery
Shankar Memorial National Cartoon Museum and Art Gallery is an art museum established by the Kerala Lalithakala Akademi under the Government of Kerala, India, in 2014, as a tribute to the renowned Indian cartoonist Shankar. The institution is situated at Krishnapuram in Kayamkulam which is the home town of Shankar, in Kerala.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Ezerche
Ezerche (Bulgarian: Езерче) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Tsar Kaloyan Municipality, Razgrad Province. It has a population of about 2,000. The village is around 261 km (162 mi) from the capital of Sofia.

It is the birthplace of the artist Radi Nedelchev and the 1960 Olympic champion Dimitar Dobrev and Mehmed Hyusmenov Kodakov world championship medalist was also born there

Tsar Kaloyan Municipality
Tsar Kaloyan Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Цар Калоян, former name Hlebarovo Municipality) is a small municipality (obshtina) in Razgrad Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located in the Danubian Plain about 27 km southeast of Danube river. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Tsar Kaloyan.

The municipality embraces a territory of 186.42 km2 (71.98 sq mi) with a population of 6,314 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The main road E70 crosses the area, connecting the province centre of Razgrad with the city of Ruse and respectively the Danube Bridge with the eastern operating part of Hemus motorway.
Oberg
Oberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Berthold von Oberg (died 1494), Roman Catholic prelate and Auxiliary Bishop of Mainz

Carl Oberg (1897–1965), high ranking member of the SS in Nazi Germany

Dawn Oberg (born c.1965), American singer-songwriter and pianist

Evan Oberg (both 1988), Canadian professional ice hockey player

James Oberg (born 1944),  American space journalist and historian

Lyle Oberg (born 1960), Canadian politician in Alberta

Kalervo Oberg (1901–1973), Canadian anthropologist

Matt Oberg (born 1976), American actor

Margo Oberg (born 1953), American surfing champion

Metta von Oberg (1737–1794), German baroness

Ralph Oberg (1899–1961), American art director

Scott Oberg (born 1990), American professional baseball player

Margo Oberg
Margo Oberg (born Margo Godfrey; September 8, 1953 in Pennsylvania) was the first female professional surfer in the world. She won her first competition at the age of 11, won her first world title at 15, and became the first professional female surfer in 1975.
Magnesium bromide
Magnesium bromide are inorganic compounds with the chemical formula MgBr2(H2O)x, where x can range from 0 to 9. They are all white deliquescent solids. Some magnesium bromides have been found naturally as rare minerals such as bischofite and carnallite.

Bischofite
Bischofite is a hydrous magnesium chloride mineral with formula MgCl2·6H2O. It belongs to halides and is a sea salt concentrate.  It contains many macro- and micro-elements vital for human health, in much higher concentrations than can be found in sea or ocean salt.  The main bischofite compound is magnesium chloride (up to 350 g/L), moreover, it contains about 70 other elements as impurities, including potassium, sodium, bromine, boron, calcium, silicon, molybdenum, silver, zinc, iron and copper.
Overflow downdraw method
The overflow downdraw method or fusion method is a technique for producing flat glass. A sheet of glass is formed when molten glass overflows from a supply trough, flows down both sides, and rejoins (fuses) at the tapered bottom, where it is drawn away in sheet form.

The key advantage of this technique as compared to the float glass process is that the pristine surfaces are not touched by molten tin. The technique is used for the production of very thin flat panel display glass by the companies Asahi Glass Co., Corning,  Nippon Electric Glass,
Samsung Corning Precision Materials, 
and various other companies operating in the field of display glass and other types of thin glass.

The fusion method was originally conceived by Corning in the 1960s as a method for manufacturing automotive windshields. Shelved for years, the technology was reintroduced to supply the flat screen display market.

Nippon Electric Glass
Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. (日本電気硝子株式会社, Nippon Denki Garasu Kabushiki-gaisha), also known as NEG, is a Japanese glass manufacturer. The company is a manufacturer of glass for flat panel displays (FPD). It has about 20% share in the world's production of glass for liquid crystal displays (LCD).

The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.
Nadeem (Pakistani actor)
Mirza Nazir Baig (born 19 July 1941), best known by his screen name Nadeem  (Urdu: ندیم ), is a Pakistani actor, singer, and producer. He has appeared in over two hundred films during his 56-year-long career. He has also been honored with the Pride of Performance award in 1997. He has also won a record 16 Nigar Awards as an actor. He also produced two movies, Mitti Ke Putlay (1974), which won the Lenin Prize in the USSR, and Mukhra (1988), a romantic-comedy Punjabi film.

Punjabi cinema
Punjabi cinema, also known as Pollywood or Punjwood, is cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Punjabi-language widely spoken in the Indian state of Punjab. It is based in Amritsar, Ludhiana, and Mohali.

The cinema of Punjab has its beginnings with the 1928 production of Daughters of Today, the earliest feature film produced in the region in Lahore. The first sound film, Heer Ranjha, using the sound-on-disc technology, was released in 1932. Since then, many films have been produced in Punjabi cinema, a number of which have received international recognition. Many actors and filmmakers started their careers in Punjabi films, a number of whom have acquired international reputations, and a number of whom have found greater financial benefits in careers in larger film producing industries.
Studánka
Studánka (German: Schönbrunn) is a municipality and village in Tachov District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

Studánka lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Tachov, 57 km (35 mi) west of Plzeň, and 136 km (85 mi) west of Prague.

Tachov
Tachov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtaxof]; German: Tachau) is a town in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Mže River. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Police Women of Broward County
Police Women of Broward County is the first of TLC's Police Women reality documentary series, which follows four female members of the Broward County Sheriff's Office (BSO) in Broward County, Florida.

The series features four women, following them at their jobs as law enforcement officials and at home with their families. Throughout the show, the officers provide commentary on the particular incidents shown that they were involved in. Both seasons of the series features Julie Bower, Shelunda Cooper, and Andrea Penoyer. The first season featured Ana Murillo, who was replaced in season 2 with Erika Huerta.

Broward County Sheriff's Office
The Broward County Sheriff's Office (BSO) is one of the nation's largest full-service public safety agencies with over 5,400 employees, including nearly 3,400 sworn law enforcement officers, detention deputies, and fire rescue personnel. Sheriff Gregory Tony heads the agency.

BSO was one of the United States' largest fully-accredited sheriff's offices before losing accreditation (by unanimous vote) in 2019.
2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in February 2000, to elect the 324 members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. The Rashtriya Janata Dal won the most seats, but a short-lived government was formed by an alliance that included the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Samata Party. The voter turnout in the 2000 assembly polls was 62.6%.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Jeepster Commando
The Jeepster Commando is a compact-sized recreational vehicle produced by Kaiser Jeep from 1966 until 1970 and American Motors Corporation (AMC) from 1970 through 1973. It followed the concept of the original 1948 through 1951 Willys-Overland Jeepster. The new Jeepster Commando was available in several body styles, including pickup truck, convertible, roadster, and two-door wagon.

Following the acquisition of Jeep by American Motors Corporation (AMC) in 1970, the vehicle underwent a redesign for the 1972 model year, featuring new front-end styling, longer wheelbase, and AMC engines, and was renamed the Jeep Commando.

The model was discontinued after the 1973 model year and replaced by the full-size Jeep Cherokee (SJ).

Roadster (car)
A roadster (also spider, spyder) is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, its usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

The roadster was also a style of racing car driven in United States Auto Club (USAC) Championship Racing, including the Indianapolis 500, in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of racing car was superseded by rear-mid-engine cars.
2013 Valdresekspressen hijacking
The 2013 Valdresekspressen hijacking was a hijacking of an express bus running on the Nor-Way Bussekspress Valdresekspressen (Valdres Express) route, which took place east of Øvre Årdal on 4 November 2013. The driver and both passengers were killed.

Valdres
Valdres (pronounced [ˈʋɑ̀ɫdrɛs]) is a traditional district in central, southern Norway, situated between the districts of Gudbrandsdalen and Hallingdal. The region of Valdres consists of the six municipalities of Nord-Aurdal, Sør-Aurdal, Øystre Slidre, Vestre Slidre, Vang, and Etnedal. Valdres has about 18,000 inhabitants and is known for its excellent trout fishing and the local dialect. Its main road is E16 and Fylkesveg 51.

Valdres is located approximately midway between Oslo and Bergen . The valley is protected to the west and north by the Jotunheimen mountains and the Valdresflye plateau and to the south by the Golsfjellet mountains in Gol Municipality. The main rivers are Begna and Etna. Historically, Valdres has had an agricultural economy, but tourism has grown in prominence in later years. Beitostølen, a highly developed tourist area for winter tourists and who have hosted FIS Cross-Country World Cup multiple times is located in Valdres.
Ukraine at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Ukraine competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. The National Olympic Committee of Ukraine sent a total of 43 athletes.

The women's relay victory gave Ukraine its second Winter Games gold medal ever. The first was won by Oksana Baiul at the 1994 Winter Olympics. On 22 February, cross-country skier Maryna Lisohor was excluded from the Olympics after testing positive for trimetazidine.

Maryna Lisohor
Maryna Oleksandrivna Lisohor (Ukrainian: Марина Олександрівна Лісогор, born 11 May 1983) is a Ukrainian cross-country skier. On 22 February 2014, she tested positive for trimetazidine and was expelled from the 2014 Winter Olympics.
1996 Challenge Bell – Doubles
Nicole Arendt and Manon Bollegraf were the defending champions, but Bollegraf decided not to participate this year. Arendt partnered with Katrina Adams, but lost in the semifinals to Debbie Graham and Brenda Schultz-McCarthy.

Graham and Schultz-McCarthy went on to win the title, defeating Amy Frazier and Kimberly Po 6–1, 6–4 in the final.

Amy Frazier
Amy Frazier (born September 19, 1972) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. She won eight singles and four doubles titles on the WTA Tour. On February 27, 1995, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of No. 13, while on March 29, 1993, she achieved a career-high doubles ranking of No. 24.
Cottontail (film)
Cottontail (Japanese: コットンテール) is a 2023 drama film written and directed by Patrick Dickinson.

It premiered at the Rome Film Festival on 26 October 2023, winning the BNL BNP Paribas Best First Film award.

Rome Film Festival
International Rome Film Fest (original: Festa del Cinema di Roma) is a film festival that takes place in Rome during the month of October. In 2022, the festival was officially recognized as a competitive festival by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations.
Hernando de Luque
Hernando de Luque (Unknown – 1533) was a Spanish priest who travelled to the New World in the 16th century. Luque was born in Olvera, Andalusia,: 47  but grew up in Luque, Spain. His last name comes from his town being Luque. His English name is Ferdinand of Luque. Luque left for the Americas in 1514.: 47  He arrived in 1514 with the expedition of Pedrarias Dávila to Panama, where he met Francisco Pizarro. He later met Vazquez who helped him in the conversion of the Incas.

Luque acted as an agent for the financial backer, Judge Gaspar de Espinosa, of the joint expedition by Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro to Peru in 1526.: 24   He was named "Bishop of Tumbes" and "Protector of the Indians" in the Capitulation of 1529.: 134

In 1533, Hernando de Luque died in Panama.: 198–199

Pedro Arias Dávila
Pedro Arias de Ávila (c. 1440 – 6 March 1531; often Pedro Arias Dávila or Pedrarias Dávila) was a Spanish soldier and colonial administrator. He led the first great Spanish expedition to the mainland of the Americas. There, he served as governor of Panama (1514–1526) and Nicaragua (1527–1531), and founded Panama City (1519). He died in 1531 aged around 90 or 91.
Splinters (revue)
Splinters was a popular theatrical revue that ran in several versions in Britain between the First World War and the 1930s.  It featured female impersonators, and men cross-dressing as women, and was originally developed in the First Army by a concert party, Les Rouges et Noirs.  A film version was made in 1929, with sequels.

First Army (United Kingdom)
The First Army was a formation of the British Army that existed during the First and Second World Wars. The First Army included Indian and Portuguese forces during the First World War and American and French units during the Second World War.
Agilent Technologies
Agilent Technologies, Inc. is an American global company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, that provides instruments, software, services, and consumables for laboratories. Agilent was established in 1999 as a spin-off from Hewlett-Packard. The resulting IPO of Agilent stock was the largest in the history of Silicon Valley at the time. From 1999 to 2014, the company produced optics (LED, laser), semiconductors, EDA software and test and measurement equipment for electronics; that division was spun off to form Keysight. Since then, the company has continued to expand into pharmaceutical, diagnostics & clinical, and academia & government (research) markets.

Electronic design automation
Electronic design automation (EDA), also referred to as electronic computer-aided design (ECAD), is a category of software tools for designing electronic systems such as integrated circuits and printed circuit boards. The tools work together in a design flow that chip designers use to design and analyze entire semiconductor chips. Since a modern semiconductor chip can have billions of components, EDA tools are essential for their design. A complete set of technologies are integrated in EDA tools, which have been expanded to software, hardware and design methodologies (such as through design services),  this article in particular describes EDA specifically with respect to integrated circuits (ICs).