hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Low-rank approximation
In mathematics, low-rank approximation refers to the process of approximating a given matrix by a matrix of lower rank. More precisely, it is a minimization problem, in which the cost function measures the fit between a given matrix (the data) and an approximating matrix (the optimization variable), subject to a constraint that the approximating matrix has reduced rank. The problem is used for mathematical modeling and data compression. The rank constraint is related to a constraint on the complexity of a model that fits the data. In applications, often there are other constraints on the approximating matrix apart from the rank constraint, e.g., non-negativity and Hankel structure.

Low-rank approximation is closely related to numerous other techniques, including principal component analysis, factor analysis, total least squares, latent semantic analysis, orthogonal regression, and dynamic mode decomposition.

Rank (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the rank of a matrix A is the dimension of the vector space generated (or spanned) by its columns. This corresponds to the maximal number of linearly independent columns of A. This, in turn, is identical to the dimension of the vector space spanned by its rows. Rank is thus a measure of the "nondegenerateness" of the system of linear equations and linear transformation encoded by A. There are multiple equivalent definitions of rank. A matrix's rank is one of its most fundamental characteristics.

The rank is commonly denoted by rank(A) or rk(A); sometimes the parentheses are not written, as in rank A.

More generally, the rank of a linear map between two vector spaces is the dimension of its image.
Sangabuye
Sangabuye is an administrative ward in Ilemela District, Mwanza Region, Tanzania with a postcode number 33209. As of 2002, the ward had a total population of 8,935 according to the national Census of 2002 this was before split from Nyamagana District on 1 October 2012 as Ilemela becomes a District Council where given total of 20 wards, and for the whole District had 265911 comparing with the National Census of 2012

Subdivisions of Tanzania
The administrative divisions of Tanzania are controlled by Part I, Article 2.2 of the Constitution of Tanzania. Tanzania is divided into thirty-one regions (mkoa in Swahili). Each region is subdivided into districts (wilaya in Swahili). The districts are sub-divided into divisions (tarafa in Swahili) and further into local wards (kata in Swahili). Wards are further subdivided for management purposes: for urban wards into streets (mtaa in Swahili) and for rural wards into  villages (kijiji in Swahili). The villages may be further subdivided into hamlets (kitongoji in Swahili).
Motivation impairment effect
Motivation impairment effect (MIE) is a hypothesised behavioral effect relating to the communication of deception. The MIE posits that people who are highly motivated to deceive are less successful in their goal (compared to those who are less motivated) when their speech and mannerisms are observed by the intended audience. This is because their nonverbal cues, such as adaptor gestures, sweating, kinesic behaviors, verbal disfluencies, etc., tend to be more pronounced due to increased stress, cognitive load, and heightened emotional state. There is some disagreement regarding the MIE hypothesis, with a few nonverbal communication scholars arguing that deception should not be examined as separate for senders and receivers, but rather as an integral part of the overall process.

Sensory cue
In perceptual psychology, a sensory cue is a statistic or signal that can be extracted from the sensory input by a perceiver, that indicates the state of some property of the world that the perceiver is interested in perceiving.

A cue is some organization of the data present in the signal which allows for meaningful extrapolation. For example, sensory cues include visual cues, auditory cues, haptic cues, olfactory cues and environmental cues. Sensory cues are a fundamental part of theories of perception, especially theories of appearance (how things look).
Buhi, Camarines Sur
Buhi, officially the Municipality of Buhi (Buhinon: Banwaan nya Buhi; Rinconada Bikol: Banwāan ka Buhi; Tagalog: Bayan ng Buhi), is a  municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 78,104 people.

The town is known for its Lake Buhi where sinarapan (Mystychtis luzonensis) is located, the world’s smallest edible fish. This tiny fish lives in the lake and is a well-known local species. The town is recognized for being the home of this unique freshwater fish.

Albay Bikol language
Albay Bikol, or simply Albayanon is a group of languages and one of the three languages that compose Inland Bikol. It is spoken in the southwestern coast of Albay, (Pio Duran, Jovellar) and northwestern Sorsogon.
The region is bordered by the Coastal Bikol and Rinconada Bikol speakers. The latter is the closest language of Albay Bikol and is mutually intelligible. They are both included in Inland Bikol group of languages.

Albay Bikol is the only sub-group of the Inland Bikol group with several languages with in it. The member languages in this sub-grouping lack stressed syllables, rare, if there is, and that makes them different and unique from other Bikol languages. The said feature of Albay Bikol is comparable to French and Portuguese languages that rarely use stressed syllables.
Route 85 (Iceland)
Norðausturvegur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈnɔrðˌœystʏrˌvɛːɣʏr̥], lit. 'Northeast Road') or Route 85 is a primary road in northeastern Iceland. It connects Húsavík, Tjörneshreppur, Þórshöfn, Bakkafjörður, and Vopnafjörður to the main road network.

Þórshöfn
Þórshöfn (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈθour̥sˌhœpn̥]) or Thorshofn is a small fishing village in northeast Iceland, located on the northern coast of the Langanes peninsula on the Þistilfjörður bay.

The village has a population of 380 people. It is the administrative centre of Langanesbyggð municipality and formerly of the neighbouring Svalbarðshreppur municipality until the two merged. In Þórshöfn there is a year-round service to tourists, and Icelandair connects the village to Akureyri and Reykjavík with seasonal flights from Þórshöfn Airport.

Þórshöfn is also the Icelandic name of Tórshavn (capital of the Faroe Islands).
Seal of Manila
The Seal of Manila is composed of the city's modern coat-of-arms, with colors mirroring those of the Philippine National Flag. It is a modified form of the city's historical arms bestowed in the 16th century.

The arms of the seal consist of a pre-Hispanic shield, horizontally divided into red and blue fields. The top, red half depicts the city's nickname, "Pearl of the Orient", while the lower, blue half is charged with a sea-lion surmounting the waves of the River Pasig and Manila Bay. The sea-lion originally represented the islands' former colonial status as an ultramar (overseas) possession of Spain, and is ultimately derived from the arms of the Kingdom of León.

A white roundel surrounds the arms containing the words Lungsod ng Maynila and Pilipinas (Filipino, "City of Manila"; "Philippines") in Helvetica font (said font officially in use since 2019) and six yellow stars representing the city's six congressional districts.

Sea-lion
In heraldry, the term sea-lion (sometimes called a morse) refers to a legendary creature that has the head and upper body of a lion, but with webbed forelimbs and a fish tail. These occur most frequently as supporters, but also occur as crests and occasionally as charges. Sea-lions are frequently found in "sejant" or "sejant-erect" (sitting upright) attitudes, but may also be found "naiant" (horizontally, as if swimming) or "assurgeant" (issuing from the waves of the sea).
The Naked Truth (novel)
The Naked Truth, by the actor Leslie Nielsen and writer David Fisher, is a fictional autobiography allegedly telling the inside story of Nielsen's life and acting career.  The book is written in the style of Nielsen's The Naked Gun series of films, with absurd statements describing him as one of the most important actors in the history of Hollywood.  Released in 1993 by Pocket Books (a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.), the book was a tie-in for the then forthcoming third installment of the Naked Gun series, Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult.

The copyright page notes that "This book is a work of fiction".  This is evidenced by numerous photographs featuring Nielsen superimposed on an unrelated scene, including having drinks at a bar with Howdy Doody or teaching the actor James Dean how to act.

The Naked Gun
The Naked Gun is a media franchise based on the TV show Police Squad!, consisting of American crime spoof-slapstick comedy films, created by the comedy filmmaking trio Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker. It includes one television series, four theatrical films and a video game. The series centers on a bumbling police detective who solves criminal cases in comical fashion. Leslie Nielsen stars in the television series and the first three films as the protagonist Detective Lieutenant Frank Drebin; a fourth film starring Liam Neeson as Frank Drebin Jr. was released in 2025. Critics have praised the TV series and the films, all four of which have been financially successful.
1999 Coupe de France final
The 1999 Coupe de France final was a football match held at Stade de France, Saint-Denis on 15 May 1999 that saw FC Nantes Atlantique defeat CS Sedan Ardennes from Division 2 1–0 thanks to a goal by Olivier Monterrubio.

CS Sedan Ardennes
Club Sportif Sedan Ardennes, commonly referred to as CS Sedan or simply Sedan (French pronunciation: [sədɑ̃]), is a football club based in Sedan, France. The club was formed in 1919 and plays its home matches at the Stade Louis Dugauguez located within the city. Despite finishing 7th in the Championnat National at the end of the 2022–23 season, the club was relegated to the Régional 3 (8th tier) due to financial problems.
WZIP
WZIP (88.1 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Akron, Ohio, carrying a college radio–programmed rhythmic CHR format known as "Z88". Owned by the University of Akron, the station serves the Akron metro area. WZIP's studios are located in Kolbe Hall on the University of Akron campus, while the station transmitter resides in Copley Township. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WZIP is available online.

The station was established by the university as WAUP in 1962 and has served as a training ground for students in the university's School of Communication throughout its history. After broadcasting primarily educational programming and fine arts fare in its early years, it aired a jazz format from the mid-1970s until the mid-1980s, when it adopted its present hit radio orientation.

Analog transmission
Analog transmission is a transmission method of conveying information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that information. It could be the transfer of an analog signal, using an analog modulation method such as frequency modulation (FM) or amplitude modulation (AM), or no modulation at all.

Some textbooks also consider passband data transmission using a digital modulation method such as ASK, PSK and QAM, i.e. a sinewave modulated by a digital bit-stream, as analog transmission and as an analog signal. Others define that as digital transmission and as a digital signal. Baseband data transmission using line codes, resulting in a pulse train, are always considered as digital transmission, although the source signal may be a digitized analog signal.
2011 Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
Raven Klaasen and Izak van der Merwe were the defending champions, but they both chose to not participate this year.

Jordan Kerr and David Martin won the tournament by defeating James Ward and Michael Yani in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Izak van der Merwe
Izak van der Merwe (born 26 January 1984) is a retired South African tennis player.

Van der Merwe had a career-high ATP singles ranking of 113 achieved on 1 August 2011.

Van der Merwe represented South Africa at the Davis Cup.

He says he tried to base his play on the former Wimbledon champion, Pete Sampras.
Dipak Sarkar
Dipak Sarkar (1940 – October 13, 2025) was a veteran Indian trade unionist and Communist leader from Midnapore, West Bengal who served as a member of the All India Working Committee of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions and the State Secretariat of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).

A professor of politics at the Midnapore College, Sarkar became the District Secretary of undivided Midnapore in 1992 and was an instrumental figure in leading the counter-insurgency against Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in the Junglemahal region. Under his leadership, the Communist government under Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee wrested Lalgarh from Maoists as part of the Operation Lalgarh in 2009.

Susanta Ghosh
Susanta Ghosh is an Indian politician belonging to CPI(M). He was a state cabinet minister of West Bengal in the Government of West Bengal for a long time and was the Member of the Legislative Assembly from Garbeta from 1987 to 2016. In the 2006, 2001, 1996, 1991 and 1987 state assembly elections, he won the 220 Garbeta East assembly seat.
Floto
Floto is an American brand that manufactures and markets Italian leather travel bags, briefcases, handbags and accessories.

Bags are sold to consumers through the company's website, online retailers, and small boutique stores. In 2008, Floto products were covered in New York Magazine, and in 2012 in Luxist, and Kempt.

Briefcase
A briefcase or an attaché case (/əˈtæʃeɪ/) is a narrow hard-sided box-shaped bag or case used mainly for carrying papers and equipped with a handle. Lawyers commonly use briefcases to carry briefs to present to a court, hence the name.
2003 Tuen Mun Road bus accident
In the morning of 10 July 2003, a Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) Neoplan Centroliner double-decker bus plunged off a bridge near the Ting Kau section of the Tuen Mun Road in Tsuen Wan, New Territories. The crash killed 21 people and injured 20, the deadliest traffic collision in Hong Kong's history.

Tsuen Wan
Tsuen Wan (formerly also spelled Tsun Wan) is a town built on a bay in the western New Territories of Hong Kong, opposite Tsing Yi Island across Rambler Channel. The market town of Tsuen Wan emerged from the surrounding villages and fleets of fishing boats in the area. The modern city is centered the Tsuen Wan station of the MTR. Its coastline was further extended through land reclamation.
Sheshequin Path
The Sheshequin Path was a major Native American trail in the U.S. State of Pennsylvania that ran between two Native American villages: "French Margaret's Town" on the West Branch Susquehanna River (part of modern-day Williamsport in Lycoming County) and "Sheshequin" on the North Branch of the Susquehanna River (modern-day Ulster Township, in Bradford County). The path ran north and east along Lycoming Creek in Lycoming County and followed much of Towanda Creek in Bradford County. It was a shortcut between the two main branches of the Susquehanna River and was used by early settlers as well as Native Americans.

Towanda Creek
Towanda Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 32.9 miles (52.9 km) long and flows through Canton Township, Canton, Leroy Township, Franklin Township, and Monroe Township.
Andy Zimmer
Andrew M. Zimmer (October 9, 1919 – December 20, 2005) was an American basketball player.  He was an NCAA All-American at Indiana University and played on the school's first championship team in 1940.

Zimmer, a 6'5" center from Goodland High School in Goodland, Indiana, played for coach Branch McCracken at Indiana from 1939 to 1942.  Zimmer came to the Hoosiers as a walk-on, but improved to the point where he was named a third team All-American by Converse in 1942.

Following his college career, Zimmer served in the United States Marine Corps between 1942 and 1969.  He retired as a colonel, having received the Purple Heart and Bronze Star while serving in World War II and the Korean War.

Andy Zimmer was inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 1999.  He died on December 20, 2005, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery with full military honors.

1942 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans
The consensus 1942 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of four major All-American teams.  To earn "consensus" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Helms Athletic Foundation, Converse, Madison Square Garden, and Pic Magazine.
Congregation of Christian Brothers in New Zealand
The Congregation of Christian Brothers in New Zealand is part of the Congregation of Christian Brothers, a Catholic religious institute, and has been established in New Zealand since 1876. Its particular charism is the education of boys and in New Zealand it has been responsible for eight schools and has launched other educational initiatives.

Religious institute
In the Catholic Church, a religious institute is "a society in which members, according to proper law, pronounce public vows, either perpetual or temporary which are to be renewed, however, when the period of time has elapsed, and lead a life of brothers or sisters in common."

A religious institute is one of the two types of institutes of consecrated life; the other is the secular institute, where its members are "living in the world". Religious institutes come under the jurisdiction of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life.
My Sassy Girl (2024 film)
My Sassy Girl is a 2024 Philippine romantic comedy film loosely based on the 2001 South Korean movie of the same title. It stars Toni Gonzaga and Pepe Herrera. The film was released on January 31, 2024, under Viva Films.

My Sassy Girl was the final movie appearance of Joey Paras, who died on October 29, 2023.

Viva Films
Viva Films, Inc. (also known as Viva Films, stylized as VIVA Films) is a Philippine film production and distribution company owned by Viva Communications. It was founded in 1981 by Vic del Rosario Jr. and his sister Tess Cruz. Viva Films is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, Regal Entertainment and GMA Pictures.
CR Brands
CR Brands, Inc. was an American private-label consumer goods company, owned by the Beachwood, Ohio-based Resilience Capital Partners. It was formed in 2006 by Allied Capital through a merger of two of its subsidiaries, Redox Brands and ChemPro, Inc. CR Brands was headquartered in the Cincinnati area (in West Chester, Ohio) and operated manufacturing facilities in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The company sold products under the Arm & Hammer and OxiClean brand names, which were licensed from Church & Dwight.

In March 2023, following the divestiture of its brands, it entered Chapter 7 bankruptcy and ceased operations.

Arm & Hammer
Arm & Hammer is a brand of baking soda-based consumer products marketed by Church & Dwight, a major American manufacturer of household products. The logo of the brand depicts the ancient symbol of a muscular arm holding a hammer inside a red circle with the brand name and slogan. Originally associated solely with baking soda and washing soda, the company began to expand the brand to other products in the late 1970s by using baking soda as a deodorizing ingredient. The new products included toothpaste, laundry detergent, underarm deodorant, and cat litter.
Robert Swailes
Robert Blatchford Swailes (February 26, 1896 – June 6, 1968) was a politician in British Columbia. He represented Delta in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.

A farmer from the Aldergrove area, Swailes was elected as a CCF member in 1933. When Reverend Robert Connell was expelled from the CCF in 1936 and formed the Social Constructive Party, Swailes also left the CCF and joined the new party. Swailes was defeated in 1937 and retired from politics.

He died in Vancouver at the age of 72 in 1968.

His brother Donovan served as a member of the Manitoba legislature.

Delta (provincial electoral district)
Delta was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia based on the municipality of Delta at the mouth of the Fraser River between the city of Vancouver and the Canada–United States border. It made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903 and its last in the election of 1986, after which it was succeeded by Delta North and Delta South, which are the current ridings in the area.
Parabiago
Parabiago (Milanese: Parabiagh; Latin: Parabiacum) is a town located in the north-western part of the Metropolitan City of Milan, Lombardy, northern Italy.

The town is crossed by the road to Sempione (S.S.33) and Milan  – Gallarate Railway; nearby flow the Olona river and the Canale Villoresi.

Canale Villoresi
Canale Villoresi is a canal in Italy; it was the brainchild of Lombardy engineer Eugenio Villoresi.

It originates from the River Ticino near the village of Somma Lombardo, and runs eastwards for 86 kilometres (53 mi) to the Adda River.

Construction began in 1877, but Villoresi himself died two years later. The works were completed in 1890 by a consortium.

Irrigation was the canal's main reason for being but the addition of locks enabled cargoes of sand to be carried along it.
Ana Maria Magalhães (writer)
Ana Maria Bastos de Oliveira Martinho GOIH (Lisbon, 14 April 1946), better known by her pen name Ana Maria Magalhães, is a Portuguese teacher and writer mainly dedicated to children's literature. She is primarily known for the Uma aventura series of books she wrote with her writing partner Isabel Alçada.

Order of Prince Henry
The Order of Prince Henry (Portuguese: Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese infante Prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of the Age of Discovery. Minor reforms of the constitution of the Order occurred in 1962 and 1980.

It is a five-tier order, whose titles are awarded for relevant services to Portugal and for services in the expansion of the Portuguese culture, its history and its values (with a particular focus on its maritime history). The number of members in each grade is restricted by its constitution, and titles are conferred by special decree by the Grand Master of the Order, i.e., the President of Portugal.
2025 Hall of Fame Open – Women's singles
This was the first edition of the women's event at the Hall of Fame Open and the first women's tennis tournament to be held at the International Tennis Hall of Fame since the defunct Virginia Slims of Newport tournament, last held as a competitive event in 1990.

Caty McNally won the women's singles title, defeating Tatjana Maria in the final, 2–6, 6–4, 6–2.

Petra Hule
Petra Hule (born 5 March 1999) is an Australian tennis player.

Hule has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of 287, which she reached on 18 November 2024. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 121, achieved on 26 May 2025.

Hule made her Grand Slam tournament main-draw debut at the 2023 Australian Open in the doubles tournament, partnering Arina Rodionova. She played college tennis at Florida State University.

Partnering Jaimee Fourlis, Hule won her first WTA 125 doubles title at the Canberra Tennis International, defeating Darja Semeņistaja and Nina Stojanović in the final.