hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gershom ben Solomon Kohen
Gershom ben Solomon Kohen (died c. 1544) (also known as Gershon ben Solomon Cohen and Gershom Kohen Katz) was among the first printers of Hebrew books in Prague. He was the founder of the Gersonides, a dynasty of Ashkenazi Jewish printers. Mid-career, he attained rights to be an exclusive printer of Hebrew books in Bohemia authorized to produce Hebrew books.

Heddernheim
Heddernheim (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛdɐnhaɪm]) is a quarter of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is part of the Ortsbezirk Nord-West and is subdivided into the Stadtbezirke Heddernheim-Ost and Heddernheim-West.
1896 in poetry
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much:
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!

— closing lines of Rudyard Kipling's If—, first published this year

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Bliss Carman
William Bliss Carman FRSC (April 15, 1861 – June 8, 1929) was a Canadian poet who lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was acclaimed as Canada's poet laureate during his later years.

In Canada, Carman is classed as one of the Confederation Poets, a group which also included Charles G.D. Roberts (his cousin), Archibald Lampman, and Duncan Campbell Scott. "Of the group, Carman had the surest lyric touch and achieved the widest international recognition. But unlike others, he never attempted to secure his income by novel writing, popular journalism, or non-literary employment. He remained a poet, supplementing his art with critical commentaries on literary ideas, philosophy, and aesthetics."
Sa Đéc
Sa Đéc is an old Provincial city in Đồng Tháp Province in the Mekong Delta of southern Vietnam.  It is a river port and agricultural and industrial trading center. The Sa Đéc economic zone consists of Châu Thành, Lai Vung and Lấp Vò districts.

As of January 2018, the city has a population of approximately 202,046. There are three industrial zones, designated by the codes A, C1, and C. They attract many business people from the Mekong Delta region.

Provincial city (Vietnam)
A provincial city (Vietnamese: thành phố thuộc tỉnh) is a former type of second-level subdivision of Vietnam. It has equal status along with urban districts, districts, municipal cities, and towns. Also by virtue of Decree No. 42/2009/ND-CP, provincial cities were officially classified into Class-1, Class-2 or Class-3.

The cities can only subordinate to provinces as a second-tier unit. At the third tier, provincial cities were divided into wards and communes, the latter of which apply to the more suburban parts.

Provincial cities were abolished in 2025 along with other district-level subdivisions.
IQSEC3
IQSEC3 is a human gene, known as IQ motif and Sec7 domain 3.

It contains an IQ domain, followed by a SEC7 and then a PH. It functions as an ARF-GEF for the ARF family of GTPases, which is to say that it causes GDP to release, and GTP to bind, thereby activating the ARF protein.

It is highly expressed in the brain, particularly in the amygdala, and is known to have a role in learning.

In a largescale phospho screening of the PSD, it was found to be phosphorylated following activation of the NMDAR complex.

IQSEC3 was originally known as 'KIAA1110', under which name it was found to act as a GEF for Arf1 but not Arf6. It is related to the other Arf-GEF protein IQSEC1.

Pleckstrin homology domain
Pleckstrin homology domain (PH domain) or (PHIP) is a protein domain of approximately 120 amino acids that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.

This domain can bind phosphatidylinositol lipids within biological membranes (such as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate), and proteins such as the βγ-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and protein kinase C. Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways.
Minako Onuki
Minako Onuki (大貫 美奈子, Ōnuki Minako; born (1972-10-15)15 October 1972) is a retired Japanese female volleyball player.

Onuki was part of the Japanese women's national volleyball team at the 1998 FIVB World Championship in Japan and in the 2002 FIVB World Championship in Germany.

2002 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship was the fourteenth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 30 August to 15 September 2002 in Berlin, Bremen, Dresden, Münster, Schwerin, Riesa, Leipzig, and Stuttgart, Germany. The tournament saw the discontinuation of Cuba's historic eight consecutive world titles, as the team finished fifth after being eliminated by the United States in the quarterfinals.
Tsuyama massacre
The Tsuyama massacre (津山事件, Tsuyama jiken) was a mass murder-suicide that occurred on the night of 21 May 1938 in the rural village of Kamocho Yukishige close to Kamo, Tsuyama in Okayama, Empire of Japan. Mutsuo Toi (都井 睦雄, Toi Mutsuo), a 21-year-old man, killed 30 people — including his own grandmother — and seriously injured three others using a Remington shotgun, a katana, two daggers and an axe, before killing himself with the shotgun. It is the deadliest shooting by a lone gunman in Japanese history.

His suicide notes indicate revenge for social rejection and stigmatization due to tuberculosis as the motive for the murders; in May 1937, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and the young women in the village with whom he previously had premarital affairs all started rejecting his sexual advances.

Premarital sex
Premarital sex is sex before marriage. It is an act of sex between two people who are not married to each other. Premarital sex is considered a sin by a number of religions and also considered a moral issue which is taboo in many cultures.

Since the second half of the 20th century, it has become accepted by certain liberal and progressive social movements, especially in the Western world. A 2014 Pew study on global morality found that premarital sex was considered particularly unacceptable in Muslim-majority countries, such as Malaysia, Jordan, and Pakistan, each having over 90% disapproval, while people in Western European countries were the most accepting, with Spain, Germany, and France expressing less than 10% disapproval.
1972 National Society of Film Critics Awards
The 7th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 29 December 1972, honored the best filmmaking of 1972.

The member critics voting were Hollis Alpert of World, Gary Arnold of The Washington Post, Vincent Canby of The New York Times, Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times, Jay Cocks of Time, Judith Crist of New York, David Denby of The Atlantic, Bernard Drew of the Gannett News Service, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times, Joseph Gelmis of Newsday, Penelope Gilliatt of The New Yorker, Roger Greenspun of The New York Times, Molly Haskell of The Village Voice, Pauline Kael of The New Yorker, Michael Korda of Glamour, Arthur Knight of Saturday Review, Thomas Meehan of Saturday Review, William S. Pechter of Commentary, Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice, Richard Schickel of Life, Bruce Williamson of Playboy, and Paul D. Zimmerman of Newsweek.

Molly Haskell
Molly Clark Haskell (born September 29, 1939) is an American film critic and author. She contributed to The Village Voice—first as a theatre critic, then as a movie reviewer—and from there moved on to New York magazine and Vogue. Her most influential book is From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of Women in the Movies (1974; revised and reissued in 1987). She co-hosted Turner Classic Movies' The Essentials with Robert Osborne in 2006 for one season.
Persian Lake
Persian Lake is a small lake in northern Manitoba, near the border between northeastern Saskatchewan and northwestern Manitoba. The lake is among an extremely large number of lakes in Canada. It is part of the Nelson River watershed, and is located around 8 kilometres towards the northeast of the small town of Bakers Narrows.

Nelson River
The Nelson River is a river of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The river drains Lake Winnipeg and runs 644 kilometres (400 mi) before it ends in Hudson Bay near Port Nelson. Its full length (including the Saskatchewan River and Bow River) is 2,575 kilometres (1,600 mi), it has mean discharge of 2,370 cubic metres per second (84,000 cu ft/s), and has a drainage basin of 1,072,300 square kilometres (414,000 sq mi), of which 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) is in the United States.
Joslyn
Joslyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allyn Joslyn (1901–1981), American stage, film and television actor

Betsy Joslyn (born 1954), Broadway musical and dramatic actress and soprano

Cliff Joslyn (born 1963), American information systems scientist

Frank Joslyn Baum (1883–1958), lawyer, soldier, writer, and film producer

Hezekiah Joslyn (died 1865), American abolitionist

Joslyn Hoyte-Smith (born 1954), former British 400m athlete

Lewis Joslyn, American politician

Marcellus L. Joslyn (1873–1963), founder of the Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Company, a Chicago, Illinois electrical supply firm

Matilda Joslyn Gage (1826–1898), suffragist, Native American activist, abolitionist, freethinker, and prolific author

Maynard A. Joslyn (1904–1984), Russian-born American food scientist in the rebirth of the California wine industry after 1933

Patrick Allen Joslyn (born 1986), American drag queen known as Joslyn Fox

Steve Joslyn, American college baseball coach

Cliff Joslyn
Cliff Joslyn (born 1963) is an American mathematician, cognitive scientist, and cybernetician. He is the Chief Knowledge Scientist at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Seattle, and visiting professor of systems science at Binghamton University.
Pratu Pa
Pratu Pa (Thai: ประตูป่า, pronounced [prā.tūː pàː]) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Mueang Lamphun District, in Lamphun Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a  population of  5832 people. The tambon contains nine villages.

Lamphun province
Lamphun (Thai: ลำพูน, pronounced [lām.pʰūːn]; Northern Thai: ᩃᨻᩪᩁ, pronounced [lǎʔ pūːn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), and lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Chiang Mai, Lampang, and Tak.
Lü Liping
Lǚ Lìpíng (Chinese: 吕丽萍; born 3 April 1960) is a Chinese actress.

Her career accolades include one Golden Rooster Award, Flying Apsaras Award, Golden Horse Award, and Golden Phoenix Award, as well as two Hundred Flowers Awards, Golden Eagle Awards and Chinese Film Media Awards. She has also won the 6th Tokyo International Film Festival – Best Actress, 1st Singapore International Film Festival – Best Actress, and 13th Shanghai International Film Festival – Best Actress.

Shanghai International Film Festival
The Shanghai International Film Festival (SIFF, Chinese: 上海国际电影节, French: Festival international du film de Shanghai) is the largest film festival in Asia and China's longest-running international cinema event. The first festival was established in October 1993. It is the only Chinese festival accredited by the FIAPF.

The festival is held over a ten-day period every June. SIFF is organized by China Film Administration, China Media Group, and the Shanghai government. It awards several "Golden Goblet" Awards (Chinese: 金爵; pinyin: Jīn Jué) for best film, best director, best actor/actress, and other categories, as well as a "Special Jury Award".  SIFF Mart consists of the Film Market, China Film Pitch and Catch (CFPC), and Co-production Film Pitch and Catch (Co-FPC). The SIFFORUM is a communication platform.
Catley
Catley is a suburb of Peterborough, UK and a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Catley (1745–1789), English singer and actress

Bob Catley (born 1947), English singer and musician

Bob Catley (politician) (born 1942), Australian Labor politician

Christine Cole Catley (1922–2011), New Zealand journalist, publisher and author.

Elaine M. Catley (1889–1984), Canadian poet

Glenn Catley (born 1972), British retired professional boxer

Gwen Catley (1906–1996), English coloratura soprano

Has Catley (1915–1975), New Zealand rugby union player

Matthew Catley (born 1975), English cricketer

Russell Catley (1973–2020), English cricketer

Steph Catley (born 1994), Australian football

Timothy Catley (born 1977), English cricketer

Yasmin Catley, Australian politician

Gwen Catley
Gwendoline Florence Catley (9 February 1906 – 12 November 1996) was an English lyric coloratura soprano who sang in opera, concert and revues.  She often sang on radio and television, and made numerous recordings of songs and arias, mostly in English.  She was renowned for the clarity and agility of her voice particularly in florid parts, and her English diction was outstanding.
Society for Medieval Feminist Scholarship
The Society for Medieval Feminist Scholarship (SMFS) is an academic organization which "promotes the study of the Patristic Age, the Middle Ages, and the Early Modern era from the perspective of gender studies, women's studies, and feminist studies". Its development followed the rise of the study of medieval women in the 1970s and 1980s, and sought to increase the number of and sponsor papers about medieval women, and feminist theory driven scholarship, at the largest international medieval studies conferences, International Congress on Medieval Studies in Kalamazoo and Leeds IMC.

In 2007, the Society had over 1000 members from around the world.

Women in the Middle Ages
Women in the Middle Ages in Europe occupied a number of different social roles. Women held the positions of wife, mother, peasant, warrior, artisan, and nun, as well as some important leadership roles, such as abbess or queen regnant. The very concept of women changed in a number of ways during the Middle Ages, and several forces influenced women's roles during this period, while also expanding upon their traditional roles in society and the economy. Whether or not they were powerful or stayed back to take care of their homes, they still played an important role in society whether they were saints, nobles, peasants, or nuns. Due to context from recent years leading to the reconceptualization of women during this time period, many of their roles were overshadowed by the work of men. Although it is prevalent that women participated in church and helping at home, they did much more to influence the Middle Ages.
Little Zab
The Little Zab or Lower Zab (Arabic: الزاب الاسفل, al-Zāb al-Asfal; Kurdish: Zêy Koya or Zêyê Biçûk; Persian: زاب کوچک, Zâb-e Kuchak; Syriac: ܙܒܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ, Zāba Taḥtāya) is a river that originates in Iran and joins the Tigris just south of Al Zab in Iraq. The Little Zab is approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) long and drains an area of about 22,000 square kilometres (8,500 sq mi). The river is fed by rainfall and snowmelt, resulting in a peak discharge in the spring and low water in the summer and early fall. Two dams built on the Little Zab regulate the river flow, providing water for irrigation and generating hydroelectricity.

The Zagros Mountains have been populated since at least the Lower Palaeolithic, but the earliest archaeological site in the Little Zab basin, Barda Balka, dates to the Middle Palaeolithic. Human occupation of the Little Zab basin has been attested for every period since then.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Crop Circle 2
Crop Circle 2 is the fourth studio album by English rapper Nines, released on 28 April 2023 by Zino and Warner Records. It features guest appearances from Skrapz, J Styles and Fatz of Ice City Boyz, Wretch 32, M Huncho, Potter Payper, Clavish, Nafe Smallz, Kojey Radical and Tiggs da Author. The album, which shares its name with a 2020 film made by Nines following his 2018 album Crop Circle, was preceded by the lead single "Tony Soprano 2".

Potter Payper
Jamel Bousbaa (born 15 November 1991), known professionally as Potter Payper, is a British rapper and songwriter from Barking, London, he started rapping early and gained attention through black box freestyles and grime blogs with friend and fellow rapper KB. In 2021, he signed to the UK division of Def Jam Recordings. In 2022, his song "Gangsteritus" featuring Tiggs Da Author became his first UK top 40 single. after its use in Top Boy.
Statue of Jan Czekanowski
The statue of Jan Czekanowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjan t͡ʂɛ.kaˈnɔf.ski]; Polish: Pomnik Jana Czekanowskiego) is a brass sculpture in Szczecin, Poland, placed at the Anders Square, within the Centre neighbourhood of the Downtown district. It is dedicated to Jan Czekanowski, an anthropologist, statistician, ethnographer, traveller, and linguist, who was one of the first persons to use quantitative methods in linguistics. The sculpture has a form of a statue sitting on a large suitcase, forming a bench. It was designed by sculptor Yossouf Toure "Derme" based in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and unveiled on 19 May 2012.

Centrum, Szczecin
Centrum (Centre) is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin, Poland,  situated on the left bank of Oder river, in Śródmieście District. It borders Śródmieście-Zachód to the west, Śródmieście-Północ to the north, Stare Miasto to the east, and Nowe Miasto to the south. As of January 2011 it had a population of 21,064.
Labbadeh
The Labbadeh (Arabic: اللبادة, lit. 'beaten'), is a conical brimless felt cap traditionally worn by Lebanese men.

It is made from sheep's wool and is usually combined with a black scarf during work and with a white silk scarf for celebratory, leisure and formal events.

The origin of the labbadeh goes back to ancient times, depictions of it were found in Byblos,  Kamid al-Lawz, Aleppo and Tel Michal. Also in reliefs found in Assyrian reliefs of Phoenicians bringing presents to Assyrian Kings and in Persian reliefs of Phoenicians bringing presents to Persian Kings.

The fashion persisted into medieval times across all of Lebanon among the people of Mount Lebanon, Beqaa, South Lebanon and North Lebanon. The Labbadeh survived into the modern era still being used by some villagers in Mount Lebanon, as well as becoming a national symbol of Lebanon as a part of the traditional folk costume of the country.

Mount Lebanon
Mount Lebanon (Arabic: جبل لبنان, romanized: Jabal Lubnān; Syriac: ܛܘܪ ܠܒܢܢ, romanized: Tur Lebnon) is a mountain range in Lebanon. It is about 170 km (110 mi) long and averages above 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in elevation, with its peak at 3,088 m (10,131 ft). The range provides a typical alpine climate year-round.

Mount Lebanon is well-known for its snow-covered mountains, home to surviving Lebanese cedar forests and diverse high-altitude flora and fauna. The name Lebanon itself originates from the white, snow-covered tops of this mountain range.
2020 Oklahoma House of Representatives election
The 2020 Oklahoma House of Representatives election took place as part of the biennial 2020 United States state legislative elections. Oklahoma voters elected state representatives in all 101 House districts. State Representatives serve two-year terms in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

Republicans went into the 2020 election with a supermajority of seats in the state House over Democrats: 77 (R) to 24 (D). To take control, Democrats needed a net gain of 27 seats.

Following the 2020 election, Republicans expanded their supermajority by a net gain of 5 seats, shifting the balance of power to 82 (R) to 19 (D).

Chelsey Branham
Chelsey Branham is an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives representing the 83rd district from 2018 to 2020.

She is a member of the Chickasaw Nation and openly-2SLGBTQ.
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Saint John, New Brunswick)
The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada is a cathedral of the Diocese of Saint John located at 91 Waterloo Street in the city's central neighbourhood of Waterloo Village.

The Cathedral is a prominent example of Gothic Revival architecture. Designed by architect Matthew Stead and officially completed in 1885. The Cathedral features a tall spire, detailed stonework, and stained glass windows typical of its style. It remains the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint John and continues to function as an active place of worship and a historic landmark in the city.

Diocese of Saint John, New Brunswick
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint John, New Brunswick (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Ioannis Canadensis) (erected 30 September 1842, as the Diocese of Saint John in America) is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Moncton. It was renamed on 15 November 1924 to the Diocese of Saint John, New Brunswick. The Diocese had been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Halifax–Yarmouth from 1852 to 1936, when it was transferred to the newly erected Archdiocese of Moncton. The Archdiocese of Moncton was established to reflect New Brunswick Catholic's population and linguistic diversity.
William C. Lea
William Charles Lea (March 22, 1833 – March 1911) was a farmer and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 4th Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1876 to 1879 as a Liberal.

He was born in Tryon, Prince Edward Island, the son of John Lea and Hannah Maxfield. He was married twice: to Rebecca E. Reid in 1858 and to Annie Murphy in 1865. In 1866, he moved to Victoria where he owned a farm.

His son Walter later served as the province's premier.

4th Prince
4th Prince was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the easternmost portion of Prince County, except for the city of Summerside. It was abolished in 1996.
Carp's tit
Carp's tit (Melaniparus carpi) or Carp's black tit, is a species of bird in the family Paridae. Some authors consider it a subspecies of the black tit. It is found throughout the Namibian savanna woodlands and the southern Angolan mopane woodlands.

Its name commemorates olympic sailor and ornithologist Berend Carp (1901-1966).

Carp's tit was formerly one of the many species in the genus Parus but was moved to Melaniparus after a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2013 showed that the members of the new genus formed a distinct clade.

Berend Carp
Bernard "Berend" Carp (17 April 1901, Sragi, Lampung, Dutch East Indies – 22 July 1966, Hout Bay, South Africa) was an Olympic sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium. With helmsman and brother Joop Carp and fellow crew member Petrus Wernink, sailing the Dutch boat Oranje, Carp took the Gold in the 6.5 Metre.