hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slowloris (cyber attack)
Slowloris is a type of denial of service attack tool which allows a single machine to take down another machine's web server with minimal bandwidth and side effects on unrelated services and ports.

Slowloris tries to keep many connections to the target web server open and hold them open as long as possible. It accomplishes this by opening connections to the target web server and sending a partial request. Periodically, it will send subsequent HTTP headers, adding to, but never completing, the request. Affected servers will keep these connections open, filling their maximum concurrent connection pool, eventually denying additional connection attempts from clients.

The program was named after slow lorises, a group of primates which are known for their slow movement.

Lighttpd
lighttpd (prescribed pronunciation: "lighty") is an open-source web server optimized for speed-critical environments. It was originally written by Jan Kneschke as a proof-of-concept of the c10k problem – how to handle 10,000 connections in parallel on one server,
but has gained worldwide popularity. Its name is a portmanteau of "light" and "httpd".
Kolejówka
Kolejówka is a river of Poland, a tributary of the Szotkówka near Mszana. It spans 4.86 km and has a catchment area of 6.93 km².

The source of the river is located in Wodzisław Śląski in the Wilchwy district. It goes through Połomia and Mszana. A bridge over the A1 motorway in Mszana was built over the Kolejówka valley. In the final section, it forms the border between Połomia and Mszana.

Wodzisław Śląski
Wodzisław Śląski (Polish: [vɔˈd͡ʑiswaf ˈɕlɔ̃skʲi] ⓘ; German: Loslau, Czech: Vladislav, Latin: Vladislavia, Yiddish: וואידסלוב, romanized: Voydislav, Silesian: Władźisłůw) is a town in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 47,992 inhabitants (2019). It is the seat of Wodzisław County.

It was previously in Katowice Voivodeship (1975–1998); close to the border with the Czech Republic, about 350 kilometres (217 miles) south of Warsaw and about 140 kilometres (87 miles) west of Kraków, on the southern outskirts of the metropolitan area known as the Upper Silesian Coal Basin.
Nigerian senators of the 4th National Assembly
The table below lists Nigerian senators of the 4th National Assembly.
The 4th National Assembly (1999–2003) was inaugurated on 29 May 1999 at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic. 
The Senate includes three senators from each of the 36 states, plus one minister for the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
Evan Enwerem was appointed president of the Senate, until he was removed from office on 18 November 1999, replaced by Chuba Okadigbo. Okadigbo was impeached on 8 August 2000 and was replaced by Pius Anyim.

Anyim Pius Anyim
Anyim Pius Anyim GCON (born 19 February 1961) is a Nigerian politician who served as the 9th president of the Nigerian Senate from 2000 to 2003, he was Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF) during the Goodluck Jonathan presidency. He was elected Senator on the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in 1999 for the Ebonyi South constituency of Ebonyi State and was elected president of the Senate in August 2000.
Ann-Marie Pendrill
K. Ann-Marie Mårtensson-Pendrill (born 1952) is a Swedish physicist. Originally working in atomic physics, her interests gradually shifted towards physics education, and she has published many works on the physics of playgrounds, and amusement park rides such as roller coasters, including the book Physics for the Whole Body in Playgrounds and Amusement Parks (AIP Publishing, 2021). She is a professor emeritus at the University of Gothenburg, senior professor at Lund University, and the former director of the National Resource Centre for Physics Education.

University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a public university in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and, with 53,624 students and 6,707 staff members, it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.
Francis Higgins (priest)
Francis Higgins was an 18th-century Anglican clergyman.

Dassy was born in Limerick and educated at Trinity College, Dublin.  He was incorporated at Oxford in 1706.  A prebendary of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, he was Archdeacon of Cashel from 1725  until 1728.

Ad eundem degree
An ad eundem degree is an academic degree awarded by one university or college to an alumnus of another, in a process commonly known as incorporation. The recipient of the ad eundem degree is often a faculty member at the institution which awards the degree, e.g. at the University of Cambridge, where incorporation is expressly limited to a person who "has been admitted to a University office or a Headship or a Fellowship (other than an Honorary Fellowship) of a College, or holds a post in the University Press ... or is a Head-elect or designate of a College".

An ad eundem degree is not an earned degree.
49 Persei
49 Persei is a star in the northern constellation of Perseus. It is just visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.09. Based upon parallax measurements, this star is located around 147.7 light-years (45.27 parsecs) away from the Sun, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −44 km/s. It has a relatively large proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at a rate of 0.220″·yr−1.

This is an aging red giant star with a stellar classification of K1III, a star that has used up its core hydrogen and is expanding. It is a candidate horizontal branch star, which would indicate it is past the red giant branch stage and is fusing helium at its core. The star is nearly four billion years old with 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and 3.7 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating eight times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,028 K.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red-giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's. Horizontal-branch stars are powered by helium fusion in the core (via the triple-alpha process) and by hydrogen fusion (via the CNO cycle) in a shell surrounding the core. The onset of core helium fusion at the tip of the red-giant branch causes substantial changes in stellar structure, resulting in an overall reduction in luminosity, some contraction of the stellar envelope, and the surface reaching higher temperatures.
Israel Canada
Israel Canada (T.R) LTD. (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל קָנָדָה) is an Israeli real estate company, traded in Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE: ISCN) at a NIS 6.5 Billion market cap (as of December 2024), founded by Barak Rosen (CEO) and Asaf Touchmair (chairman). Israel Canada develops luxury residential properties, retail, offices and hotel projects with iconic buildings, in prime locations, mainly in central Israel.

Since 2022 Israel Canada is ranked at the top 5 on Duns100 Real Estate Development Listed Companies.

Israeli new shekel
The new Israeli shekel (Hebrew: שֶׁקֶל חָדָשׁ, romanized: sheqel ẖadash, pronounced [ˈʃekel χaˈdaʃ] ⓘ; Arabic: شيكل جديد, romanized: šēkal jadīd; sign: ₪; ISO code: ILS; unofficial abbreviation: NIS), also known as simply the Israeli shekel (Hebrew: שקל ישראלי, romanized: sheqel yisreʾeli; Arabic: شيكل إسرائيلي, romanized: šēkal ʾisrāʾīlī), is the currency of Israel and is also used as a de facto legal tender in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The new shekel is divided into 100 agorot. The new shekel has been in use since 1 January 1986, when it replaced the hyperinflated old shekel at a ratio of 1000:1.

The currency sign for the new shekel ⟨ ₪ ⟩ is a combination of the first Hebrew letters of the words shekel (ש‎) and ẖadash (ח‎) (new). When the shekel sign is unavailable the abbreviation NIS (ש״ח and ش.ج) is used.
Glinka, Braniewo County
Glinka [ˈɡlinka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Braniewo, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Braniewo County
Braniewo County (Polish: powiat braniewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Braniewo, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Pieniężno, lying 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Braniewo, and Frombork, 11 km (7 mi) west of Braniewo.

The county covers an area of 1,204.54 square kilometres (465.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,223, out of which the population of Braniewo is 17,875, that of Pieniężno is 2,271, that of Frombork is 2,332, and the rural population is 19,130.
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council, 1843–1851
This is a list of members of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1843 to 1851. Beginning with the Royal Instructions gazetted 15 June 1843, there were four official and four non-official members of the legislative council consisting of: the governor, colonial secretary, advocate-general, and registrar-General with four non-official members being nominated by the Crown. The council was the only chamber of government until the House of Assembly was created in 1857.

[a] Bartley was acting while Smillie was on leave 1849

[b] Sturt was absent exploring 1844–1845, MacDonald acted

[c] Hanson was acting while Smillie was on leave 1851

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Horatio Walker
Horatio Walker RI RCA LL.D. (May 12, 1858 – September 27, 1938) was a Canadian painter. He worked in oils and watercolours, often depicting scenes of rural life in Canada with special attention to French Canadian rural tradition. He was influenced by the Barbizon school and the French realist tradition.

Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours
The Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours (RI), initially called the New Society of Painters in Water Colours, is one of the societies in the Federation of British Artists, based in the Mall Galleries in London.
Blue cotinga
The blue cotinga (Cotinga nattererii) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae. It is found in Colombia, north-west Ecuador, eastern to western Panama and western Venezuela in tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest. In relation to range and population size this species is not considered to be vulnerable.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
Estonian Handball Association
Estonian Handball Association (abbreviation EHA; Estonian: Eesti Käsipalliliit) is one of the sport governing bodies in Estonia which deals with handball.

EHF is established on 24 November 1990 in Tallinn. EHF is a successor of Estonian SSR Handball Federation (Estonian: Eesti NSV Väravpalliföderatsioon).

EHF is a member of International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1991.

International Handball Federation
The International Handball Federation (IHF) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball. IHF is responsible for the organisation of handball's major international tournaments, notably the IHF World Men's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1938, and the IHF World Women's Handball Championship, which commenced in 1957.

IHF was founded in 1946 to oversee international competitions. Headquartered in Basel, its membership now comprises 209 national federations. Each member country must each also be a member of one of the six regional confederations: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Caribbean, Oceania, and South and Central America. Hassan Moustafa from Egypt has been President of the IHF since 26 November 2000.
Maggie Tomecka
Magdalena Janina Tomecka (born April 30, 1982) is a Polish American soccer midfielder who last played for the Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer and is a former member of the United States U-21 national team.

Boston Breakers
The Boston Breakers were an American professional women's soccer club based in the Boston neighborhood of Allston that played from 2009 to 2017. The team competed as the Boston area's professional women's soccer team in several leagues culminating in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). They were succeeded by Boston Legacy FC, which will begin play in 2026.

The Breakers played their home games at Jordan Field in Boston and were managed in their final season by Matt Beard.
585 BC
The year 585 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 169 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 585 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.
Ensemble learning
In statistics and machine learning, ensemble methods use multiple learning algorithms to obtain better predictive performance than could be obtained from any of the constituent learning algorithms alone.
Unlike a statistical ensemble in statistical mechanics, which is usually infinite, a machine learning ensemble consists of only a concrete finite set of alternative models, but typically allows for much more flexible structure to exist among those alternatives.

Bayes' theorem
Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes (/beɪz/), gives a mathematical rule for inverting conditional probabilities, allowing the probability of a cause to be found given its effect. For example, with Bayes' theorem, the probability that a patient has a disease given that they tested positive for that disease can be found using the probability that the test yields a positive result when the disease is present. The theorem was developed in the 18th century by Bayes and independently by Pierre-Simon Laplace.

One of Bayes' theorem's many applications is Bayesian inference, an approach to statistical inference, where it is used to invert the probability of observations given a model configuration (i.e., the likelihood function) to obtain the probability of the model configuration given the observations (i.e., the posterior probability).
Al-Munaydhreh
Al-Munaydhreh (Arabic: المنيذرة) is a village situated in the Salkhad District of Suwayda Governorate, in southern Syria. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Munaydhreh had a population of 1,138 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Druze.

Salkhad District
Salkhad District (Arabic: منطقة صلخد, romanized: manṭiqat Ṣalḫad) is a district of the Sweida Governorate in southern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Salkhad. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 60,375.
Hector Goetinck
Hector "Torten" Goetinck (5 March 1886 – 26 June 1943) was a Belgian football (soccer) player and manager. He coached the Belgium national football team in the 1930 FIFA World Cup and the 1934 FIFA World Cup, and also coached Club Brugge K.V. During his playing days he earned 17 caps for Belgium and also played for Club Brugge. He was born in Bruges, and died in Knokke-Heist during a World War II bombing raid.

Knokke-Heist
Knokke-Heist (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌknɔkəˈɦɛist]; French: Knocke-Heist) is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Heist-aan-Zee, Knokke, Duinbergen, Ramskapelle and Westkapelle. On January 1, 2006, Knokke-Heist had a total population of 34,063. The total area is 56.44 km2 which gives a population density of 603 inhabitants per km2.  Knokke-Heist is located along the North Sea in a polder area on the Belgian border with the Netherlands.  It is Belgium's best-known and most affluent seaside resort.
Coogan's Bluff
Coogan's Bluff is a promontory near the western shore of the Harlem River in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan in New York City.  Its boundaries extend approximately from 155th Street and the Macombs Dam Bridge viaduct to 160th Street, between Edgecombe Avenue and the river.  A deep escarpment descends 175 feet (53 m) from Edgecombe Avenue to the river, creating a sheltered area between the bluff and river known as Coogan's Hollow. From 1890 to 1964, the hollow was home to the Polo Grounds sports stadium.

Promontory
A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the softer rock to the sides of it, or are the high ground that remains between two river valleys where they form a confluence. One type of promontory is a headland, or head.
Gosławskie Lake
Gosławskie Lake is a shallow lake in central Poland known as Jezioro Gosławskie in Polish. It is located in Konin County in Gmina Ślesin, in the basin of the River Warta. It is one of several lakes known collectively as the heated Konin Lakes because the water temperature is raised as a result of the outflow received from two power stations.

Because of its east-west orientation and open aspect, and the predominance of winds from the north and west, the lake is a popular destination for windsurfers. The easiest access is from Konin-Gosławice in the southeastern part of the lake. Near here there is a castle, built between 1418 and 1426 by the bishop Andrzej Łaskarz, and the district museum.

Gmina Ślesin
Gmina Ślesin is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ślesin, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Konin and 95 km (59 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 145.69 square kilometres (56.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,446 (out of which the population of Ślesin amounts to 3,102, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,344).
Lassie (1954 TV series)
Lassie is an American television series that follows the adventures of a female Rough Collie dog named Lassie and her companions, both human and animal. The show was the creation of producer Robert Maxwell and animal trainer Rudd Weatherwax and was televised from September 12, 1954, to March 25, 1973, making it the ninth longest-running scripted American primetime television series. The show ran for 17 seasons on CBS before entering first-run syndication for its final two seasons. Initially filmed in black and white, the show transitioned to color in 1965.

Rudd Weatherwax
Ruddell Bird "Rudd" Weatherwax (September 23, 1907 – February 25, 1985) was an American actor, animal trainer, and breeder. He and his brother Frank are best remembered for training dogs for motion pictures and television. Their collie, Pal, became the original Lassie, handled by Rudd for the 1943 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Lassie Come Home. He also handled the dogs for the Lassie television series which ran from 1954 to 1974, and trained Spike for the 1957 feature film Old Yeller. After his death, his son, Robert, took over the training of the animals.

Weatherwax was also responsible for training the official New York Mets’ team mascot in the 1960s, a beagle named Homer.
2013 Kamduni gang rape and murder case
On 7 June 2013, a 20-year-old college student was abducted, gang-raped and murdered in Kamduni village, 16 km from Barasat, North 24 Parganas district about 20 km from main Kolkata. In January 2016 three accused were sentenced to death and another three to life imprisonment.

Calcutta High Court
Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. It is located at Esplanade Row West, Kolkata, West Bengal. It has jurisdiction over the state of West Bengal and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Gothic Revival building was completed in 1872, and designed by Walter Long Bozzi Granville.

Currently, the court has a sanctioned judge strength of 72.
Pleioblastus
Pleioblastus is an East Asian genus of monopodial bamboos in the grass family Poaceae. They are native to China and Japan, and naturalized in scattered places in Korea, Europe, New Zealand, and the Western Hemisphere.

The plant spreads by vigorous underground rhizomes which run along just beneath the soil surface, producing plantlets at the nodes.  These can be used to propagate new plants, but if not removed they can become invasive.

The species Pleioblastus variegatus (green and cream stripes), and P. viridistriatus (green and yellow stripes) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Genetic research suggests that this genus may properly be part of the genus Arundinaria.

Species

formerly included

see Acidosasa Ampelocalamus Chimonocalamus Drepanostachyum Oligostachyum Pseudosasa Sasaella Sinobambusa Yushania

Monopodial
Vascular plants with monopodial growth habits grow upward from a single point. They add leaves to the apex each year and the stem grows longer accordingly. The word Monopodial is derived from Greek 'mono-', one and 'podial', "foot", in reference to the fact that monopodial plants have a single trunk or stem.

Orchids with monopodial growth often produce copious aerial roots that often hang down in long drapes and have green chlorophyll underneath the grey root coverings, which are used as additional photosynthetic organs. They do not have a rhizome or pseudobulbs so species adapted to dry periods have fleshy succulent leaves instead. Flowers generally come from the stem between the leaves. With some monopodial species, the stem (the rhizome) might fork into two, but for all monopodial orchids this is not necessary for continued growth, as opposed to orchids with sympodial growth.