hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moral courage
Moral courage is the courage to take action for moral reasons despite the risk of adverse consequences.

Courage is required in order to take action when one has doubts or fears about the consequences. Moral courage therefore involves deliberation or careful thought. Reflex action or dogmatic fanaticism do not involve moral courage because such impulsive actions are not based upon moral reasoning.

Moral courage may also require physical courage when the consequences are punishment or other bodily peril.

Moral courage has been seen as the exemplary modernist form of courage.

Fanaticism
Fanaticism is a belief or behavior involving uncritical zeal or an obsessive enthusiasm. The political theorist Zachary R. Goldsmith provides a "cluster account" of the concept of fanaticism, identifying ten main attributes that, in various combinations, constitute it: messianism, inappropriate relationship to reason (irrationality), an embrace of abstraction, a desire for novelty, the pursuit of perfection, an opposition to limits, the embrace of violence, absolute certitude, excessive passion, and an attractiveness to intellectuals.
Yuri Galanskov
Yuri Timofeyevich Galanskov (Russian: Ю́рий Тимофе́евич Галанско́в; 19 June 1939 – 4 November 1972) was a Russian poet, historian, human rights activist and dissident. For his political activities, such as founding and editing samizdat almanac Phoenix, he was incarcerated in prisons, camps and forced treatment psychiatric hospitals (Psikhushkas). He died in a labor camp.

Dissident
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th century, coinciding with the rise of authoritarian governments in countries such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, Francoist Spain, the Soviet Union (and later Russia), North Korea, China, Turkmenistan and the Middle East. In the Western world, there are historical examples of people who have been considered and have considered themselves dissidents, such as the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. In totalitarian countries, dissidents are often incarcerated or executed without explicit political accusations, or due to infringements of the very same laws they are opposing, or because they are supporting civil liberties such as freedom of speech.
Itter (Eder)
The Itter (German pronunciation: [ˈɪtɐ]) is a river of Hesse, Germany and left tributary of the Edersee. It flows through the area of the former medieval Ittergau, which is named after it, and into the Edersee in Vöhl-Herzhausen.

The lower Itter valley forms the western border of the northern part of the Kellerwald-Edersee National Park.

Kellerwald-Edersee National Park
The Kellerwald-Edersee National Park (German: Nationalpark Kellerwald-Edersee), CDDA-No. 318077) in the North Hessian county of Waldeck-Frankenberg is a national park, 57.38 km² in area, that lies south of the Edersee lake in the northern part of the Kellerwald low mountain range in the German state of Hesse. Since 25 June 2011 the beech forested area of the national park has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, because of its testimony to the ecological history of the beech family and the forest dynamics of Europe since the Last Glacial Period.

The national park administration is located in the small town of Bad Wildungen, east of the park.
Pythian Temple (New York City)
The Pythian Temple is a historic Knights of Pythias building at 135 West 70th Street between Columbus Avenue and Broadway in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1927 to serve as a meeting place for the 120 Pythian lodges of New York City, and later for many years housed a recording studio. Today it is an 88-unit luxury condominium building known as The Pythian.

Knights of Pythias
The Knights of Pythias is a fraternal organization and secret society founded in Washington, D.C., on February 19,   1864. The Knights of Pythias was the first fraternal organization to receive a charter under an act of the United States Congress.
Roncador Field
The Roncador oil field is a large oil and gas field located in the Campos Basin, 125 km (78 mi) off the coast of Brazil, northeast of Rio de Janeiro. It covers  an area of 111 km2 (43 sq mi) area and reaches depths between 1,500 and 1,900 metres (4,900 and 6,200 ft).

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Nirahua Hindustani
Nirahua Hindustani is a 2014 Indian Bhojpuri-language action-romance-comedy film written by Santosh Mishra and directed by Satish Jain. Produced and distributed by Nirahua Entertainment, Rahul Khan Productions and Nirahua Music World, respectively, the film features Dinesh Lal Yadav and Amrapali Dubey in lead roles while Ayaz Khan, Gopal Rai, Kiran Yadav and Sanjay Pandey portray pivotal roles. It is a remake of the 2012 Chhattisgarhiya film "Laila Tip Top, Chhaliya Angutha Chhap" which starred Karan Khan, Sikha Chitambare and Sanjay Mahanand and he was directed by Satish Jain. The soundtrack and film score were composed by Rajesh - Rajnish. Satya Prakash was the film's cinematographer and editing was done by Santosh Harawade.

Nirahua Hindustani was released 11 March 2015 on the official YouTube channel of Nirahua Music World. The movie has crossed over 100 million views on YouTube.

Two sequels have been released, Nirahua Hindustani 2 and Nirahua Hindustani 3.

Karan Kundrra
Karan Kundrra (born 11 October 1984) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi-language television and films. One of the highest-paid television actors in India, he made his acting debut with Ekta Kapoor's popular television show Kitani Mohabbat Hai (2009).

Kundrra went on to star in several TV shows like Kitani Mohabbat Hai 2, Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum, Dil Hi Toh Hai, Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai and Tere Ishq Mein Ghayal. He has also hosted reality shows like MTV Roadies, MTV Love School, Dance Deewane Juniors and Temptation Island India, and featured in the Hindi films Mubarakan, 1921 and Tera Kya Hoga Lovely. In 2021, he participated in Bigg Boss 15 and emerged as the 2nd runner-up.
2024 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles
Jan Zieliński and Hsieh Su-wei defeated Santiago González and Giuliana Olmos in the final, 6–4, 6–2 to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 2024 Wimbledon Championships. González and Olmos were the first Mexican team to reach the final, and Olmos was the first female Mexican finalist in the Open Era.

Mate Pavić and Lyudmyla Kichenok were the defending champions, but they withdrew from their second-round match.

Bethanie Mattek-Sands was vying for a career Grand Slam and Golden Slam, but lost in the first round to Máximo González and Ulrikke Eikeri.

Because of the weather during the first week, the final had to be delayed until Sunday, and the tournament was played with a super tie-break in lieu of a final set. The two sets were still played with ad-scoring.

Ulrikke Eikeri
Ulrikke Pia Eikeri (born 16 December 1992) is a Norwegian professional tennis player.
On 22 April 2024, she peaked at No. 26 in the WTA doubles rankings. She also has a career-high singles ranking of No. 206, achieved on 16 April 2018.

Eikeri has won four doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and two doubles titles on WTA Challenger Tour, along with eleven singles titles and 32 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2022 French Open, alongside Joran Vliegen.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Eikeri had been ranked as high as No. 16 in the world.

Playing for the Norway Billie Jean King Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 36–28, as of June 2024.
CFOR-FM
CFOR-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts an active rock format at 99.3 FM in Maniwaki, Quebec.

The station originally signed on in 1975 at 1340 AM as CKMG until it moved to its current frequency in 1993. The CFOR call sign was adopted in 1999. (The CFOR call sign was formerly used at a radio station in Orillia, Ontario.)

The station is currently owned by Radio CFOR Inc.

On October 27, 2009, the station applied to add an FM transmitter at Mont-Laurier, Quebec and was denied by the CRTC on April 16, 2010. If approved, the new transmitter would have a broadcast on 98.3 MHz.

On July 31, 2020 in decision 2020-238 the CRTC chose not to renew this station's license which would expire on August 31, 2020.

Maniwaki
Maniwaki is a town in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is situated 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Ottawa, Ontario, on the Gatineau River, at the crossroads of Route 105 and Route 107, near Route 117 (Trans-Canada Highway). The town is the administrative centre for La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality.
Texas Thunder Soul 1968–1974
Texas Thunder Soul 1968–1974 is a two-disc compilation album of recordings by the Kashmere Stage Band, released on Now-Again Records in 2006. The first disc contains studio recordings by the group, including energetic cover versions of "Theme from Shaft", "Super Bad", "Scorpio" and "Burning Spear". The second disc features unreleased live recordings and alternate takes, and includes a 12-minute video documentary about the group, Texas Jewels. The album includes a 40-page booklet filled with photos, interviews and ephemera.

Super Bad (song)
"Super Bad", originally titled Call Me Super Bad, is a 1970 song by James Brown. Originally released as a three-part single, it went to #1 on the R&B chart and number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song's lyrics include the refrain "I've got soul and I'm super bad." The positive use of the word "bad" is an example of linguistic reappropriation, which Brown had done before in "Say It Loud - I'm Black and I'm Proud".

The song includes a tenor saxophone solo by Robert McCollough, during which Brown yells, "Blow me some Trane, brother!"

A reverbed version with overdubbed audience applause was released on a 1971 album of the same name.  He performed the song on Soul Train on February 10, 1973.
Terry Brooks
Terence Dean Brooks (born January 8, 1944) is an American writer of fantasy fiction. He writes mainly epic fantasy, and has also written two film novelizations. He has written 23 New York Times bestsellers during his writing career, and has sold over 25 million copies of his books in print. He is one of the most successful living fantasy writers. In March 2025, he announced his semi-retirement from writing.

High fantasy
High fantasy, or epic fantasy, is a subgenre of fantasy defined by the epic nature of its setting or by the epic stature of its characters, themes, or plot. High fantasy is usually set in an alternative, fictional ("secondary") world, rather than the "real" or "primary" world. This secondary world is usually internally consistent, but its rules differ from those of the primary world. By contrast, low fantasy is characterized by being set on Earth, the primary or real world, or a rational and familiar fictional world with the inclusion of magical elements.
Journey into Darkness (film)
Journey into Darkness is a 1968 British made-for-television horror film featuring two episodes derived from the 1968–1969 anthology television series Journey to the Unknown starring Robert Reed and Jennifer Hilary, directed by Peter Sasdy and James Hill. The film contains the following episodes:

"Paper Dolls" (original broadcast: November 7, 1968 on ABC)

"The New People" (original broadcast: November 14, 1968 on ABC)

Patrick McGoohan is featured as host in a dark room setting who introduces the two episodes.

Journey to the Unknown
Journey to the Unknown is a British anthology television series, produced by Hammer Film Productions and 20th Century Fox Television. It aired on ABC from September 26, 1968, to January 30, 1969. The series first aired in the UK on the ITV network on 16 November 1968.
Theoderich van Are
Theoderich of Are (German: Dietrich von Are, Dutch: Dirk van Are; 1087–1126) was the first count of Are (the area around Ahrweiler in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany).

Theoderich was a nephew of bishop Odon de Toul who in 1065 bestowed on him Heerlen and Steinfeld Abbey. He was made count of Are by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV.

Theoderich probably built Are Castle in Altenahr. He also initiated the construction of the Pancratiuskerk in Heerlen, and possibly of the Schelmentoren in the same town, where he may have stayed.

Theoderich had six sons, three of whom became part of the clergy. He was succeeded by his first son Lotharius. His second son, Gerhard, was from 1124 to 1169 provost of St. Cassius in Bonn (Bonn Minster), and from 1154 to 1160 provost of the St. Servatius in Maastricht.

Bonn Minster
Bonn Minster (German: Bonner Münster) is a Catholic church in Bonn. It is one of Germany's oldest churches, having been built between the 11th and 13th centuries. At one point the church served as the de facto cathedral for the Archbishopric of Cologne, because it is the major church of what was then the Archbishop-Elector's residence. It is now a minor basilica. It served as the inspiration for the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin, as Kaiser Wilhelm II had studied in Bonn.
Peggy Ann Garner
Peggy Ann Garner (February 3, 1932 – October 16, 1984) was an American actress.

As a child actress, Garner had her first film role in 1938. At the 18th Academy Awards in 1946, Garner won the Academy Juvenile Award, recognizing her body of contributions to film in 1945, particularly in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn and Junior Miss.

Featured roles in such films as Black Widow (1954) did not help to establish her in mature film roles, although she progressed to theatrical work and she made acting appearances on television as an adult.

Child actor
A child actor or child actress is a child acting on stage, television or in movies. An adult who began their acting career as a child may also be called a child actor or a "former child actor". Closely associated terms include teenage actor or teen actor, which refer to an actor who gained popularity as a teenager.

Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, mainly due to typecasting. Macaulay Culkin and Lindsay Lohan are two particularly famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at an early age. Some child actors have successful acting careers as adults; for example Mickey Rooney, Elizabeth Taylor, Jodie Foster, Christian Bale, Drew Barrymore, Saoirse Ronan. Other child actors have gone on to successful careers in other fields, including director Ron Howard, politicians Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński, James Jebbia, and singer Jenny Lewis.
Divina Frau-Meigs
Divina Frau-Meigs (born 9 June 1959) is a Moroccan-born sociologist of media and professor at the Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris III (Paris III) in France where her areas of research include, cultural diversity, dynamic identities, human/children's rights, internet governance, media education, media matrices, media in English-speaking countries, and risky content. Her research has also included media content and risk behaviors, the reception and use of Information and communications technology, and American studies. She is the chair of "Savoir-devenir in sustainable digital development" for UNESCO and coordinator of "TRANSLIT" for the Agence nationale de la recherche.

Sorbonne Nouvelle University
The Sorbonne Nouvelle University (French: Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, also known as Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, Paris 3, Sorbonne Nouvelle and the Sorbonne) is a public liberal arts and humanities university in Paris, France. It is one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was completely overhauled and restructured in 1970.
Southport Pier, Gold Coast
Southport Pier is a pier spanning the Gold Coast Broadwater in Southport, a suburb on the Gold Coast in South East Queensland, Australia. The current pier was constructed in 2009, replacing a previous structure demolished in 1969.

Nerang River
The Nerang River is a perennial river in South East Queensland, Australia. Its catchment lies within the Gold Coast local government area and covers an area of 490 square kilometres (190 sq mi). The river is approximately 62 kilometres (39 mi) in length.
Floyd MacDonald
Floyd Duncan MacDonald (November 6, 1934 – April 15, 2023) was a Canadian doctor and politician. He represented the electoral district of Queens in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1971 to 1974. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Party.

Queens (Nova Scotia provincial electoral district)
Queens is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada which existed between 1867 and 2013 and since 2021. It elects one member to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The electoral district includes the entirety of Queens County and a small part of Annapolis.

The electoral district was abolished following the 2012 electoral boundary review and was largely replaced by the new electoral district of Queens-Shelburne. Following the 2019 electoral boundary review, the electoral district was re-created out of Queens-Shelburne.
Elspeth Duxbury
Elspeth Duxbury (23 April 1909 – 10 March 1967) was a British actress.

Born in Mhow, British India, she was known primarily for working in theatre, she had one television role in 1938 but did not make her big screen debut until 1960 in the Terry-Thomas hit comedy Make Mine Mink.

She followed this with a role on Alfred Hitchcock Presents the following year in the episode "I Spy". Concentrating more on theatre, she had two further television roles, one a biography of Alexander Graham Bell and the other in the twice weekly BBC comedy drama series Swizzlewick.

In 1966, she appeared in two films, including the fourth St Trinian's film, The Great St Trinian's Train Robbery.

Her final screen role (and one she had performed on stage) was a televised version of the well known farce Big Bad Mouse with Eric Sykes and Jimmy Edwards.

Elspeth Duxbury was found dead in her room, at the St Martin's Hotel, London, on 10 March 1967 aged 57.

Jimmy Edwards
James Keith O'Neill Edwards, DFC (23 March 1920 – 7 July 1988) was an English comedy writer and actor of stage, radio, television and film, known for his roles as Pa Glum in Take It from Here and as headmaster "Professor" James Edwards in Whack-O!.
Qingdao Agricultural University
Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU; simplified Chinese: 青岛农业大学; traditional Chinese: 青島農業大學; pinyin: Qīngdǎo Nóngyè Dàxué) is a public university based in Qingdao and Laiyang district of Yantai, Shandong province, China. Founded in 1951 and formerly known as Laiyang Agricultural College, the school was awarded university status in 1999. Most of the majors offered are in the agricultural and engineering sciences. A new campus in Pingdu will be operated in September 2019.

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
Sairat (soundtrack)
Sairat is the soundtrack album composed and written by Ajay–Atul, to the 2016 Marathi film of the same name, directed by Nagraj Manjule that stars Rinku Rajguru and Akash Thosar in lead roles. The film was produced by Nittin Keni, Nikhil Sane and Nagraj Manjule under the productions Zee Studios, Essel Vision Productions and Aatpat Productions. The four-song soundtrack was released under the Zee Music Company label on 1 April 2016, to critical acclaim and fetched numerous accolades. Sairat notably the first Indian film to record the musical score at the Sony Scoring Stage in California.

Rinku Rajguru
Prerana "Rinku" Mahadeo Rajguru (born 3 June 2001) is an Indian actress primarily working in Marathi and  Hindi language films, best known for her role in the film Sairat for which she won a National Film Award, a Maharashtra State Film Awards and two Filmfare Awards Marathi. In 2025, at the 61st Maharashtra State Film Awards, Rajguru was honoured with the Smita Patil Best Actress Award for her performance in the film Asha.
Poland–Romania relations
Polish–Romanian relations are foreign relations between Poland and Romania.

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1919. 
In recent years government representatives of Poland and Romania regularly exchange high-level visits, a reflection of the mutual interest in bilateral cooperation between the two countries.

Both are full members of NATO and of the European Union and are the two most populous nations to join either bloc since the end of the Cold War. Both are also members of the Bucharest Nine, the Three Seas Initiative, the OSCE and the Council of Europe.

Poland has given full support to Romania's membership in the European Union and NATO.

Bucharest Nine
The Bucharest Nine or the Bucharest Format (B9 or B-9; Romanian: Formatul București, Polish: Bukaresztańska Dziewiątka), or NATO's Eastern Flank (ambiguous as of 2025) is an organization founded on 4 November 2015 in Bucharest, Romania, at the initiative of the President of Romania Klaus Iohannis and the President of Poland Andrzej Duda during a bilateral meeting between them. Its members are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. Due to its separate history, Finland is not a member despite its location and its NATO membership since 2023.

Its appearance was mainly a result of a perceived aggressive attitude from Russia following the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and its posterior intervention in eastern Ukraine both in 2014. All members of the B9 were either part of the former Soviet Union (USSR) or members of the defunct Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. All members are also members of NATO and members of EU.