hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Sterling Sherman
Samuel Sterling Sherman (c. 1815–1914), also known as S.S. Sherman, was an American educator. He was born in Vermont in about 1815, educated at Middlebury College, and later was a tutor at the University of Alabama. He taught at Alabama, and served as sometimes librarian, with Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard and Basil Manly Sr. Sherman was a co-founder of Howard College in Marion, Alabama (now Samford University of Birmingham, Alabama). As president, he delivered an address to students at Howard College that was published in 1850.  Sherman later was founder of a preparatory school in Georgia. As the sectional tensions heightened, and secession loomed, Sherman moved his family to Wisconsin, where he had a second career as an educator.

Basil Manly Sr.
Basil Manly Sr. (January 28, 1798 – December 21, 1868) was an American planter, preacher and chaplain best known as the author of the Alabama Resolutions, which formed part of the argument for creation of the Southern Baptist Convention on proslavery grounds.
2012 BMW Open – Doubles
Simone Bolelli and Horacio Zeballos were the defending champions but decided not to participate. Bolelli entered the Estoril Open instead, while Zeballos competes in the Tunis Open.
František Čermák and Filip Polášek won the tournament defeating Xavier Malisse and Dick Norman 6–4, 7–5 in the final.

Xavier Malisse
Xavier Malisse (born 19 July 1980) is a Belgian tennis coach and a former professional player. Born in the north-western Flemish city of Kortrijk and nicknamed X-Man, he is one of only two Belgian men (the other being David Goffin) to have been ranked in the top 20 of the ATP Tour, with a career-high singles ranking of world No. 19.
Joo Koon rail accident
The Joo Koon rail accident, sometimes referred to as the Joo Koon train collision, was a crash which happened on 15 November 2017, when a C151A train travelling at 16 kilometres per hour (9.9 mph) rear-ended a stationary C151A train at Joo Koon station on the East–West MRT line, resulting in 38 injuries. The stationary train was in the process of being detrained due to a train fault. Both trains were operating under the recently installed Thales SelTrac CBTC signalling system at the time of incident, and the Minister of Transport Khaw Boon Wan expressed that he was "disturbed" by an initial finding that "critical safety software" was inadvertently removed from the stationary train, possibly due to a malfunctioning signalling circuit, which led to the crash. This incident is the second train collision in Singapore MRT's history, after the Clementi rail accident.

Rear-end collision
A rear-end collision, often called rear-ending or, in the UK, a shunt, occurs when a forward-moving vehicle crashes into the back of another vehicle (often stationary) in front of it. Similarly, rear-end rail collisions occur when a train runs into the end of a preceding train on the same track. Common factors contributing to rear-end collisions include driver inattention or distraction, tailgating, panic stops, brake checking and reduced traction due to wet weather or worn pavement.

According to the National Highway Safety Administration (NHTSA), rear-end collisions account for 7.5% of fatal automobile collisions. However, they account for 29% of all automobile accidents, making them one of the most frequent types of automobile accidents in the United States.

According to NHTSA in 2020, out of 419,400 people involved in rear-end crashes, less than 1% were killed and over 99% were injured.
Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1825–1901)
Hermann George Bernard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (4 August 1825 at Altenstein Castle – 31 August 1901 in Berchtesgaden) was Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Duke of Saxony, and a general in the Württemberger army.

Altenstein Palace
Schloss Altenstein is a schloss (a German term for palace) upon a rocky hill on the south-western slope of the Thuringian Forest, not far from Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany. It was the summer residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen, and is surrounded by 160 hectares (1.6 square kilometres) of English landscape garden, which contain, among other objects of interest, a cavern 300 metres long, through which flows a large and rapid stream.
Opdalingen
Opdalingen is a local online and print newspaper published in Oppdal Municipality and Rennebu Municipality, Norway. Published in tabloid format, the newspaper had a circulation of 2,214 in 2013. The newspaper is owned by Amedia. It has three weekly issues, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. The newspaper was founded in 1934 and competes with Opp.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Exploration of North America
European powers employed sailors and geographers to map and explore North America with the goal of economic, religious and military expansion. The combative and rapid nature of this exploration is the result of a series of countering actions by neighboring European nations to ensure no single country had garnered enough wealth and power from the Americas to militarily tip the scales over on the European continent.

New York Harbor
New York Harbor is a bay that covers all of the Upper Bay. It is at the mouth of the Hudson River near the East River tidal estuary on the East Coast of the United States.

New York Harbor is generally synonymous with  Upper New York Bay, which is enclosed by the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island and the Hudson County, New Jersey, municipalities of Jersey City and Bayonne, although in colloquial usage it can sometimes expand to cover Upper and Lower New York Bay. New York Harbor is one of the largest natural harbors in the world.
Wayne Chapman (basketball)
Wayne G. Chapman (born June 15, 1945) is an American former professional basketball player.

Born in Owensboro, Kentucky, Chapman graduated from Daviess County High School and played collegiately for Western Kentucky University.

He was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 16th round (156th pick overall) of the 1967 NBA draft, by the Baltimore Bullets in the 9th round (110th pick overall) of the 1968 NBA draft and by the Kentucky Colonels in the 1968 American Basketball Association draft.

He played for the Kentucky Colonels (1968–70), Denver Rockets (1970–71) and Indiana Pacers (1970–71 and 1971–72) in the American Basketball Association for 206 games.

He coached Apollo High School basketball in the late 1970s and was the head coach at Kentucky Wesleyan College from 1985 to 1990, winning two NCAA Division II National Championships.

He is the father of former NBA player Rex Chapman.

Western Kentucky University
Western Kentucky University (WKU) is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. It was founded by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1906, though its roots reach back a few decades earlier. It operates regional campuses in Glasgow, Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, and Owensboro. The main campus sits atop a hill overlooking the Barren River valley.
Itotenaan Henry Ogiri
Itotenaan Henry Ogiri ( born in July, 1965 ), is a Nigerian Professor of Accounting at Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State (visiting) and Politician. He was appointed under the Cabinet of Siminalayi Fubara in Rivers State and currently serving as a Federal Commissioner representing Rivers State in the National Population Commission (NPC) of Nigeria

He was elected as a member of the 5th Rivers State House of Assembly and 6th Rivers State House of Assembly seat for the Abua/Odual State Constituency's representative, before been appointed by former president Goodluck Jonathan as executive director of Finance and Administration for Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC).

Goodluck Jonathan
Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan Listenⓘ GCFR GCON (born 20 November 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the president of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to former military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari and was the first incumbent president in Nigerian history to lose re-election.

Previously, Jonathan served as the vice president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 under the administration of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; and in oil-rich Bayelsa State as governor from 2005 to 2007, and deputy governor from 1999 to 2005. In 2015, Jonathan became the first Nigerian president to concede election defeat. It allowed the transfer of power to the opposition party in Africa's biggest democracy—a country that had hitherto experienced vote-rigging and violence.
Oscar Steen
Oscar Einar Steen (born 20 July 1982) is a professional Swedish ice hockey forward currently playing for AIK in the Elitserien. He has played several seasons in the Swedish Elitserien, the first playing for Färjestads BK and then for Leksands IF and MoDo. In 2007 Steen won the Swedish Championships with MoDo. In the summer of 2010, MoDo opted not to renew Steen's contract, so he signed for AIK. Steen won the Rookie of the Year award in the 2004–05 Elitserien season. Steen is the younger brother to Calle Steen.

Leksands IF
Leksands Idrottsförening is a Swedish professional ice hockey team from the town of Leksand in the region of Dalarna. The team plays in the top-tier league, Swedish Hockey League (SHL), after succeeding through the 2019 SHL qualifiers and thus earning promotion to the SHL. The club's home arena is Tegera Arena, which seats 7,650 spectators.
Halmerend (ward)
Halmerend was a ward of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, in Staffordshire, England. The ward covered the villages of Alsagers Bank, Balterley, Betley, Halmer End, Scot Hay and Wrinehill, and in 2011 had a population of 3,764. When it was abolished in 2018 the western part, containing Balterley, Betley and Wrinehill, became part of the new ward of Madeley & Betley; the eastern part, containing Alsagers Bank, Halmer End and Scot Hay, was combined with Audley and Bignall End to form Audley ward.

Alsagers Bank
Alsagers Bank is a village in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire. Population details at the 2011 census can be found under Audley Rural. It has a pub, The Gresley Arms, St John's Church (Church of England), a primary school, and a football club. 
There is a regular bus service through the village between Newcastle-under-Lyme and Audley.

The village bears no relationship to Alsager in Cheshire and its name is a derivation from the Alsager family who lived in the area.
José Everardo Nava
José Everardo Nava Gómez (born 4 January 1961) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent San Luis Potosí's 1st district during the 62nd session of Congress.

1st federal electoral district of San Luis Potosí
The 1st federal electoral district of San Luis Potosí (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 01 de San Luis Potosí) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of seven such districts in the state of San Luis Potosí.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Aremy Velazco Bautista of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Dehydroglycine
Dehydroglycine is the organic compound with the formula HNCHCO2H.  This rarely observed species is invoked as the product of oxidation (dehydrogenation) of glycine by glycine oxidase (ThiO), which is a step in the biosynthesis of thiamin.  It is also invoked as a product of the radical SAM-induced fragmentation of tyrosine.  It is an imino acid.

Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA.

The one-letter symbol Y was assigned to tyrosine for being alphabetically nearest of those letters available. Note that T was assigned to the structurally simpler threonine, U was avoided for its similarity with V for valine, W was assigned to tryptophan, while X was reserved for undetermined or atypical amino acids. The mnemonic tYrosine was also proposed.
Fergus Tuohy
Fergus Tuohy (born 1969) is an Irish hurling manager and former player. At club level he played with Clarecastle and at inter-county level with the Clare senior hurling team. Tuohy later served as a manager and selector.

1995 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1995 (known for the first time for sponsorship reasons as the Guinness Hurling Championship 1995) was the 109th staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  Clare won the championship, beating Offaly 1–13 to 2–8 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin, it was their first All-Ireland win since 1914.
Maria Musoke
Maria Musoke, sometimes referred to as Maria G.N. Musoke (born 19 January 1955) is a Ugandan information scientist and academician. She is the first Ugandan woman to obtain a PhD in Information Science. She is a professor of Information Science and a Deputy Vice Chancellor (May 2018–) at Kyambogo University in Uganda. She also serves as a council member (2019–2022) of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Prex Merrill
Austin Cook "Prex" Merrill (January 15, 1884 – February 23, 1935) was an American college football coach.  He was the head football coach at Alderson–Broaddus College in Philippi, West Virginia for one season, in 1910, compiling a record of 1–3. Merrill also coached at Bethany College in West Virginia. He later worked as a lawyer.

Merrill attended West Virginia University, graduating in law in 1912 as well as Yale University, where he received his A.B.  He was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi and Theta Nu Epsilon fraternities while at WVU.

Merrill died of a heart attack due to coronary thrombosis in 1935. At the time of his death, Merrill was serving as a Clerk for the U.S. District Court for Northern West Virginia.

Bethany College (West Virginia)
Bethany College is a private liberal arts college in Bethany, West Virginia, United States. Founded in 1840 by minister Alexander Campbell of the Restoration Movement, who gained support by the Virginia legislature, Bethany College was the first institution of higher education in what is now West Virginia. The college has an enrollment of approximately 620 students.
Swinkels
Swinkels is a Dutch toponymic surname. It is a contraction of des winkels, literally meaning "from the corner" (see Winkel (surname)). Notable people with the surname include:

Arjan Swinkels (born 1984), Dutch football defender

Eric Swinkels (born 1949), Dutch sports shooter

Henri Swinkels (born 1963), Dutch politician

Joannes Baptista Swinkels (1810–1875), Dutch apostolic vicariate of Suriname

Johannes Franciscus Swinkels (1851–1950), Dutch brewer

Jolande Swinkels (born 1966), Dutch sports shooter

Judith Swinkels (born 1961), Dutch politician

Karlijn Swinkels (born 1998), Dutch road cyclist

Robin Swinkels (born 1989), Dutch chess player

Ruud Swinkels (born 1987), Dutch football goalkeeper

Sil Swinkels (born 2004), Dutch football defender

Sylvie Swinkels (born 2000), Dutch road cyclist

Judith Swinkels
Judith C.M. Swinkels (born 4 June 1961) is a Dutch politician, she was a member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for the Democrats 66 from 3 November 2015 to 23 March 2017. Previously she was a lawyer and judge.
German submarine U-715
German submarine U-715 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 28 March 1942 at the H. C. Stülcken Sohn yard at Hamburg, launched on 14 December 1942, and commissioned on 17 March 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Helmut Röttger.

Attached to 5th U-boat Flotilla based at Kiel, U-715 completed her training period on 31 May 1944 and was assigned to front-line service.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Mohamed Mamdouh Shebib
Mohamed Mamdouh Hashem Shebib (Arabic: محمد ممدوح هاشم شبيب; born 1 April 1989) is an Egyptian handball player for PAOK H.C. and the Egyptian national team.

He represented Egypt at the World Men's Handball Championship in 2017, 2019 and 2021, and in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's handball tournament.

IHF World Men's Handball Championship
The IHF Men's Handball World Championship has been organized indoor by the International Handball Federation since 1938.

In the twenty-nine tournaments held, twelve national teams have won the title. France is the most successful team with six titles, followed by Sweden, Denmark and Romania with four titles each.

The current champion is Denmark, which won its fourth consecutive title at the 2025 tournament in Croatia, Denmark and Norway.
Ogborn
Ogborn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Ogborn (born 1959), American activist

Jon Ogborn, British physicist and former Professor of Science Education

Julie Ogborn (born 1958), Guam long-distance runner

Miles Ogborn (born 1950), British geographer

Jon Ogborn
Jon Ogborn HonFInstP is a physicist and former Professor of Science Education at the Institute of Education in the University of London, and a former Professor of Science Education at the University of Sussex. With Paul Black, Ogborn co-developed the Nuffield Foundation A-level physics qualification during the late 1960s and in the 1990s led the project to develop a new Advanced Physics A-level. He is Professor Emeritus at the University of London Institute of Education.
Münchenwiler Castle
Münchenwiler Castle or Château de Villars-les-Moines  is a castle and former Cluniac priory in the municipality of Münchenwiler of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance (German: Schweizerisches Inventar der Kulturgüter von nationaler und regionaler Bedeutung; French: Inventaire suisse des biens culturels d'importance nationale et régionale; Italian: Inventario dei beni culturali svizzeri d'importanza nazionale e regionale) is a register of cultural property in Switzerland. It was established according to article 5 of the second protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, which provides for the establishment of national registers of cultural property.
Siphokazi Jonas
Siphokazi Jonas is a South African poet, playwright, performer, and producer known for her exploration of cultural identity, gender-based violence, and linguistic diversity through various art forms. She has gained both national and international recognition for her contributions to literature and the performing arts.

Brittle Paper
Brittle Paper is an online literary magazine styled as an "African literary blog" published weekly in the English language. Its focus is on "build(ing) a vibrant African literary scene." It was founded by Ainehi Edoro (at the time a doctoral student from Duke University, now an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison). Since its founding in 2010, Brittle Paper has published fiction, poetry, essays, creative nonfiction and photography from both established and upcoming African writers and artists in the continent and around the world. A member of The Guardian Books Network, it has been described as "the village square of African literature", as "Africa's leading literary journal", and as "one of Africa's most on the ball and talked-about literary publications". In 2014, the magazine was named a "Go-To Book Blog" by Publishers Weekly, who described it as "an essential source of news about new work by writers of color outside of the United States."
San Siro, Paruzzaro
The church of Saint Syrus (Italian: Chiesa di San Siro) is a Roman Catholic church in Paruzzaro, province and diocese of Novara, Italy. It is dedicated to Saint Syrus of Pavia.

The original chapel of San Siro, built in the 12th century, was a branch of the parish church of San Giuliano di Gozzano. Between 1591 and 1595, the church underwent renovation work commissioned by Bishop Cesare Speciano. it was then consecrated by Bishop Carlo Bascapè in that same year. In 1874, the vault of the building was raised and decorated, while in 1934 the façade was embellished with four statues.

Province of Novara
The province of Novara (Italian: provincia di Novara) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Novara.

In 1992, the new province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola was created through the fusion of three geographical areas which had previously been part of the province of Novara.

It has an area of 1,339 square kilometres (517 sq mi) and a population of 362,925 (2021). The province contains 87 comuni (sg.: comune) (see list of comuni of the province of Novara).