hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modern award
A modern award (or award previously known as an "industrial award") is a ruling in Australian labour law of the national Fair Work Commission (or its predecessor) or by a state industrial relations commission which grants all wage earners in one industry or occupation the same minimum pay rates and conditions of employment such as leave entitlements, overtime and shift work, as well as other workplace-related conditions. The national awards, with the National Employment Standards, provide a minimum safety net of terms and conditions of employment for all national system employees. The pay rates are often called award wages or award rates. Awards in Australia are part of the system of compulsory arbitration in industrial relations.

Wage labour
Wage labour (also wage labor in American English), usually referred to as paid work, paid employment, or paid labour, refers to the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker sells their labour power under a formal or informal employment contract. These transactions usually occur in a labour market where wages or salaries are market-determined. Wage labor is a service in standard economic theory.

In exchange for the money paid as wages (usual for short-term work-contracts) or salaries (in permanent employment contracts), the work product generally becomes the undifferentiated property of the employer. A wage labourer is a person whose primary means of income is from the selling of their labour in this way.
Jazwyn Cowan
Jazwyn Michael Cowan (born November 11, 1983) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for San Lorenzo de Almagro of the Torneo Nacional de Ascenso (TNA) in Argentina. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, he played college basketball at both George Washington University and Hampton University. He is a 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) forward.

In April 2006, he signed with the Nebraska Cranes. Later that year, he joined the Chester Jets for the 2006–07 season. He has since played in Brazil, Argentina, Dominican Republic, and Mexico.

On October 31, 2013, Cowan was acquired by the Austin Toros of the NBA Development League.

In September 2014, Cowan signed with San Lorenzo de Almagro of Argentina for the 2014–15 season.

In 2015, Signs with Instituto de Cordoba for the LNB

Nebraska Cranes
The Nebraska Cranes were a United States Basketball League team located in Kearney, Nebraska. The most recent head coach was Brian Walsh. In the team's second season, the Cranes won the USBL championship by defeating the defending champion Dodge City Legend with Nick Galef being named as the Championship MVP.

Their second season turned out to be their last, as they did not return for the 2007 season.
Horsepen Mountain
Horsepen Mountain is a mountain of the Appalachian Plateau on the border of Logan and Mingo Counties, West Virginia, United States. It is the highest point in Mingo County.  The Mingo Lookout Tower is located on the mountain.

Mingo County, West Virginia
Mingo County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,568. Its county seat and largest city is Williamson. Created in 1895, Mingo is West Virginia's newest county, named for the historic Iroquoian Mingo people.
USS Conquest
USS Conquest is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:

USS Conquest (1812), a merchant ship Genesee Packet, was purchased 8 October 1812.

USS Conquest (AMc-71), a coastal minesweeper placed in service 9 March 1942.

USS Conquest (AM-488), a minesweeper launched 20 May 1954.

USS Conquest (1812)
The first USS Conquest was a schooner in the United States Navy during the War of 1812.

Conquest, formerly the merchant ship Genesee Packet, was purchased 8 October 1812 at Oswego, New York, for service on Lake Ontario under Commodore Isaac Chauncey.

Commanded by Lieutenant J. D. Elliott, Conquest cruised constantly on Lake Ontario during the War of 1812, taking part in the attacks on Kingston on 9 December 1812; York (now Toronto) on 27 April 1813; and Fort George on 27 May 1813. She joined in the engagements with the British squadron of 7 to 11 August, 11 and 28 September 1813.

She was laid up at Sacketts Harbor, New York, at the end of the war and sold there in May 1815.
1998 Croatian Bol Ladies Open – Doubles
Laura Montalvo and Henrieta Nagyová were the defending champions but only Montalvo competed that year with Paola Suárez.

Montalvo and Suárez won the final on a walkover against Joannette Kruger and Mirjana Lučić.

Henrieta Nagyová
Henrieta Nagyová (born 15 December 1978) is a former tennis player from Slovakia.

She turned professional in 1994 and has been ranked as high as No. 21 in the world (17 September 2001). She won nine singles tournaments and four doubles tournaments WTA Tour. Nagyová was a member of the Slovak team that won the 2002 Fed Cup.
International Peace Cooperation Activities Training Unit
The International Peace Cooperation Activities Training Unit (国際活動教育隊, kokusai katsudō kyōiku tai) is the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Forces's training unit to prepare JGSDF soldiers by training them in scenarios that would require the mobilization of JGSDF forces in other countries. It is based in the JGSDF's Camp Komakado in Shizuoka Prefecture.

The IPCATng aims to have 240 soldiers graduate from the unit's training program annually.

Colonel Karube says training with the IPCATng is an "important point is to verify whether the training now being conducted can really be useful in theaters of activity overseas and to develop unified know-how for personnel education."

The unit has invited lecturers from NGOs and universities to participate in IPCATng seminars.

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 陸上自衛隊, Hepburn: Rikujō Jieitai), JGSDF (陸自, Rikuji), also referred to as the Japanese Army, is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three service branches.

New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct the Self-Defense Forces away from their Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a new focus on China, especially in respect of the dispute over the Senkaku Islands.

The JGSDF operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The present chief of staff is General Yasunori Morishita. The JGSDF numbered 247,000 soldiers in 2025.
German submarine U-392
German submarine U-392 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She carried out two patrols. She did not sink or damage any ships. She was sunk by US aircraft and British warships in the Strait of Gibraltar on 16 March 1944.

Wolfpack (naval tactic)
The wolfpack (Rudeltaktik) was a convoy attack tactic employed in the Second World War. It was used principally by the U-boats of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic, and by the submarines of the United States Navy in the Pacific War. The idea of a co-ordinated submarine attack on convoys had been proposed during the First World War but had had no success. In the Atlantic during the Second World War, the Germans had considerable successes with their wolfpack attacks but were ultimately defeated by the Allies of World War II. In the Pacific, the American submarine force was able to devastate the Japanese merchant marine, though this was not solely due to the wolfpack tactic. Wolfpacks fell out of use during the Cold War as the role of the submarine changed.
Culpables (Karol G and Anuel AA song)
"Culpables" (transl. "Guilty") is a song by Colombian singer Karol G and Puerto Rican rapper Anuel AA. Written alongside Ovy on the Drums, Luis Ortiz Rivera, Chris Jedi and Gaby Music, and produced by the latter two, the song was released on September 13, 2018, as the third single from Karol G's second studio album, Ocean.

Chris Jedi
Carlos Enrique Ortiz Rivera (born September 19, 1989), known professionally as Chris Jedi or Chris Jeday, is a Puerto Rican record producer. He is recognized for working with artists such as Arcángel, Daddy Yankee, Don Omar, Wisin & Yandel, Ozuna, De la Ghetto, Anuel AA, Bad Bunny among others. He has won Billboard Latin Music Awards for producer of the year in 2019.
Oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating)
In enzymology, oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.92) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The substrates of this enzyme are D-glyceric acid, oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and carbon dioxide. Its products are 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinic acid, reduced NADH, and a proton. The enzyme can use the alternative cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-glycerate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (carboxylating). This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Koumankou
Koumankou is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Sikasso in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 243 square kilometers and includes 4 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 4,227. The village of Koumankou, the chef-lieu of the commune, is 101 km northwest of Sikasso.

Sikasso Cercle
Sikasso Cercle is one of seven administrative subdivisions of the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The capital is the town of Sikasso.

The cercle is divided into the urban commune of Sikasso and 42 rural communes:
Punyalan Private Limited
Punyalan Private Limited is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language political satire film written, co-produced and directed by Ranjith Sankar. It is a sequel to the 2013 film Punyalan Agarbattis and stars Jayasurya, Aju Varghese, Vijayaraghavan, Sreejith Ravi, Dharmajan Bolgatty and Guinness Pakru. Produced by Jayasurya and Sankar, the film marks the debut of their distribution company Punyalan Cinemas. The film was a blockbuster hit collecting almost twice as the first part.

Filming began in August 2017. The film was released on 17 November 2017.

Aju Varghese
Aju Kurian Varghese (born 11 January 1985) is an Indian actor, producer and singer who appears in Malayalam cinema. He made his debut in 2010 in Malarvadi Arts Club, directed by his collegemate Vineeth Sreenivasan. He has acted in more than 150 Malayalam films in a career spanning over a decade. He has been critically acclaimed for his comedic role in many films. He owns a production company named Funtastic Films along with actor Dhyan Sreenivasan and producer Visakh Subramaniam.
Stewart Buttress
Stewart Buttress is a rock bluff, 1,005 m high, 3.7 km south of Maro Cliffs in the Theron Mountains. First mapped by Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1956–57) and named for Reginald H.A. Stewart, meteorologist with the advance party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1955–56.

Theron Mountains
The Theron Mountains (79°05′S 028°15′W﻿ / ﻿79.083°S 28.250°W﻿ / -79.083; -28.250) are a group of mountains, extending in a NE-SW direction for 45 kilometres (28 mi) and rising 1,175 metres (3,855 ft), on the eastern side of the Filchner Ice Shelf. They were first seen from the air in 1956 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE) and named for the Theron, the ship of the CTAE in 1955–56.
Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 8th Baronet
Sir Fitzroy Jeffreys Grafton Maclean, 8th Baronet (c. 1770 – 5 July 1847) was a British Army officer and 24th Clan Chief of Clan Maclean from 1818 to 1847. He succeeded his half brother, Sir Hector Maclean, 7th Baronet, when Hector died in 1818 without an heir.

Clan Maclean
Clan Maclean (/mækˈleɪn/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Clann 'IllEathain [kʰl̪ˠãn̪ˠ iˈʎɛhɛɲ]) is a Highlands Scottish clan. They are one of the oldest clans in the Highlands and owned large tracts of land in Argyll as well as the Inner Hebrides. Many early Macleans became famous for their honour, strength and courage in battle. They were involved in clan skirmishes with the Mackinnons, Camerons, MacDonalds and Campbells, as well as all of the Jacobite risings.
Dinichthys
Dinichthys (from Greek: δεινός deinós, 'terrible' and Greek: ἰχθύς ichthys 'fish') is an extinct monospecific genus of large marine arthrodire placoderm from the Late Devonian (Famennian stage) measuring around 3 metres (9.8 ft) long. Fossils were recovered from the Ohio Shale Formation along the Olentangy River in Delaware County, Ohio.

Delaware County, Ohio
Delaware County is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 214,124. Its county seat and largest city is Delaware. The county was formed in 1808 from Franklin County, Ohio. Both the county and its seat are named after the Delaware Indian tribe. It is a frequent placeholder on the List of highest-income counties in the United States; Delaware County was listed as the 35th wealthiest county in the United States in 2020. Delaware County is included in the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area. U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes was born and raised in Delaware County. It is also home to the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium.
Nordic combined at the 2015 Winter Universiade – Individual mass start 10km/normal hill
The individual mass start competition of the 2015 Winter Universiade was held at the Sporting Centre FIS Štrbské Pleso on January 29. It consisted of a 10 km cross-country race followed by 2 jumps on the normal hill which are not judged.

2015 Winter Universiade
The 2015 Winter Universiade, the XXVII Winter Universiade, was a multi-sport winter event with the host duties shared by Granada, Spain and Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia. 
On 14 March 2009, FISU announced that the host would be Granada because they were the only bid.

On 25 June 2014, after Granada announced that it could not host cross-country skiing events for environmental and logistical reasons, FISU announced that Slovakia was invited to be a co-host of the 2015 Winter Universiade. FISU approved moving the Nordic skiing and biathlon events to Štrbské Pleso and Osrblie in Slovakia. In this way, Slovakia was allowed to add another sport to its program, ski jumping.
Agata Karczmarzewska
Agata Karczmarzewska-Pura (born 27 June 1978) is a Polish female volleyball player. She was part of the Poland women's national volleyball team.

She played at the 2001 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2004 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2008 FIVB World Grand Prix, and PTPS Nafta-Gaz Piła.

2004 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The FIVB World Grand Prix 2004 was the twelfth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, which is the female equivalent of the Men's Volleyball World League. The 2004 edition was played by twelve countries from July 9 to August 1, 2004, with the final round held in Reggio Calabria, Italy. Hosts Italy and the top five ranked teams after the preliminary rounds qualified for the last round.
Immutable object
In object-oriented (OO) and functional programming, an immutable object (unchangeable object) is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. This is in contrast to a mutable object (changeable object), which can be modified after it is created. In some cases, an object is considered immutable even if some internally used attributes change, but the object's state appears unchanging from an external point of view. For example, an object that uses memoization to cache the results of expensive computations could still be considered an immutable object.

Strings and other concrete objects are typically expressed as immutable objects to improve readability and runtime efficiency in object-oriented programming. Immutable objects are also useful because they are inherently thread-safe. Other benefits are that they are simpler to understand and reason about and offer higher security than mutable objects.

Memoization
In computing, memoization or memoisation is an optimization technique used primarily to speed up computer programs. It works by storing the results of expensive calls to pure functions, so that these results can be returned quickly should the same inputs occur again. It is a type of caching, normally implemented using a hash table, and a typical example of a space–time tradeoff, where the runtime of a program is reduced by increasing its memory usage. Memoization can be implemented in any programming language, though some languages have built-in support that make it easy for the programmer to memoize a function, and others memoize certain functions by default.

Memoization has also been used in other contexts (and for purposes other than speed gains), such as in simple mutually recursive descent parsing. In the context of some logic programming languages, memoization is also known as tabling.
Achnanthidium
Achnanthidium is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Achnanthidiaceae.

The genus was described in 1844 by Friedrich Traugott Kützing.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species: (see a more complete list)

Achnanthidium affine (Grunow) Czarnecki, 1994

Achnanthidium agardhii (Kützing) Mereschkowsky

Achnanthidium alpestre (R. Lowe & J.P. Kociolek) R. Lowe & J.P. Kociolek

Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki

Friedrich Traugott Kützing
Friedrich Traugott Kützing  (8 December 1807 in Ritteburg – 9 September 1893) was a German pharmacist, botanist and phycologist.

Despite his limited background in regard to higher education, Kützing made significant scientific contributions. In 1833, he demonstrated differences between diatoms and desmids, thus separating the two groups into families of their own. Also, independent of Charles Cagniard-Latour (1777–1859) and Theodor Schwann (1810–1882), he was among the first to provide comprehensive answers in regard to yeast and the role it played in fermentation. In 1849, he published Species Algarum, a large work that provided descriptions for 6000 species of algae.

He is the taxonomic authority of the genera Syringodium (family Cymodoceaceae)  and Phlebothamnion (family Ceramiaceae).
Breaking Upwards
Breaking Upwards is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Daryl Wein, starring Zoe Lister-Jones, Wein, Julie White, Peter Friedman, Andrea Martin, and Pablo Schreiber. It explores a 20-something, real-life New York couple battling codependency who intricately strategize their own break-up. Cited as an example of independent film industry sweat equity, the film was shot in Manhattan and Brooklyn on a $15,000 budget. It premiered at the SXSW Film Festival on March 14, 2009, and was released simultaneously at New York City's IFC Center and via video on demand on April 2, 2010.

Sweat equity
Sweat equity refers to work one does to build up value without a salary. This ownership interest, or increase in value, is created as a direct result of hard work by the owner. For example, homeowners who renovate or repair their house themselves are investing in sweat equity that increases the value of their home. 
Or it could be a non-monetary benefit that a company's stakeholders give in labour and time, rather than a monetary contribution, that benefit the company. 
In some cases, sweat equity may be rewarded in the form of sweat equity shares. These are shares given out by a company in exchange for labour and time rather than a monetary amount.
Hitomi Nishina
Hitomi Nishina (仁科 仁美, Nishina Hitomi, born 1 November 1984, in Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture) is a Japanese tarento and model.

Nishina was represented with Irving until she left on 31 December 2014. Her father was actor Hiroki Matsukata and her mother is actress Akiko Nishina, in which they are graduates for the entertainment industry. Nishina's parents were divorced in December 1998. After the divorce she grew up with her mother.

Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto
Nishikyō-ku (西京区) is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Its name means "west capital ward" and it is situated on the western edge of the city, to the south of center. The ward was established on October 1, 1976, after it was separated from Ukyō-ku. The Katsura River is the border between Nishikyo-ku and Ukyo-ku.

Katsura Imperial Villa, on that river, is one of the most widely known features of Nishikyo-ku. Saihō-ji, the Moss Temple, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the ward.

Matsunoo-taisha, a Shinto shrine, is also located in Nishikyō-ku.

As of October 1, 2021 the ward has an area of 59.24 km2 and a population of 148,370.
Czajków Północny
Czajków Północny [ˈt͡ʂai̯kuf puu̯ˈnɔt͡snɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Staszów, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Staszów and 59 km (37 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Staszów County
Staszów County (Polish: powiat staszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Staszów, which lies 53 kilometres (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Połaniec, lying 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Staszów, and Osiek, 21 km (13 mi) east of Staszów.

The county covers an area of 924.80 square kilometres (357.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is  67,331, out of which the population of Staszów is  14,762, that of Połaniec is  8,098, that of Osiek is  2,007, and the rural population is  42,464.
FBC Media
FBC Media Limited (initials for FactBased Communications) is a media and public relations company based in London currently under administration. It specializes in television content creation, production and distribution and global communication campaigns on behalf of governments, non-governmental organizations and other companies. FBC was incorporated in 1998 and had offices in London, Mumbai and Rome. Among its key figures were its founder and chairman, Alan Friedman, and president John Defterios, currently a presenter on CNN.

FBC produced World Business on CNBC which won a Grand Prix Award in Europe for best global business and financial program. It also produced One Square Mile and Develop or Die, which featured reports from developing nations, on BBC World News.

Clients of FBC Media included Viktor Yanukovych, the former president of Ukraine, who reportedly hired FBC to work with Paul Manafort to provide negative coverage of Yanukovych's political opponent Yulia Tymoshenko.

Sarawak Report
Sarawak Report is an investigative journalism website focused on environmental and corruption issues in Malaysia. It has been largely self-published and operated from London since 2010 by Clare Rewcastle Brown. The blog had originally focused on the welfare of the indigenous people in Sarawak but eventually published original exposés on corruption scandals in wider Malaysia. In 2017, it gained wide recognition for its original and early exposure of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, which had led the Najib Razak-led Malaysian government to block the website. The blog was openly critical of the Barisan Nasional-led state and federal governments of Sarawak and Malaysia, and supportive of the Pakatan Harapan opposition.