hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Maas
Joseph Maas (30 January 1847 in Dartford, England – 16 January 1886 in London) was an English tenor singer.

He became a chorister in Rochester Cathedral. At first studying under J. C. Hopkins and Madame Bodda-Pyne, he went to study in Milan in 1869. In February 1871 he made his first success by taking Sims Reeves's place at a concert in London. In 1878 he became principal tenor in the Carl Rosa Opera Company, his beautiful voice and finished style more than compensating for his poor acting.

Maas died from rheumatic gout on 16 January 1886.

Sims Reeves
John Sims Reeves (21 October 1821 – 25 October 1900) was an English operatic, oratorio and ballad tenor vocalist during the mid-Victorian era.

Reeves began his singing career in 1838 but continued his vocal studies until 1847.  He soon established himself on the opera and concert stage and became known for his interpretation of ballads.  He continued singing through the 1880s and later taught and wrote about singing.
Reedham Swing Bridge
Reedham Swing Bridge, on the site of a Victorian swing bridge, is still in use at Reedham, Norfolk, England.

It carries the Wherry railway line, between Norwich and Lowestoft, across the River Yare near Reedham railway station.

The original single track bridge was commissioned by Sir Samuel Morton Peto in the 1840s to allow the passage of wherry boats, which were too tall to pass under conventional bridges. The current bridge dates from 1902 to 1903 prior to the doubling of the track.

The bridge is operated from the 1904 Reedham Swing Bridge signal box. In a typical year, it is opened 1,300 times.

Signalling control
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were known by a variety of names including signal box (International and British) and interlocking tower (North America). London Underground call them signalling cabins, and the Great Central Railway referred to them as signal cabins. Currently these decentralised systems are being consolidated into wide scale signalling centres or dispatch offices. Whatever the form, signalling control provides an interface between the human signal operator and the lineside signalling equipment. The technical apparatus used to control switches (points), signals and block systems is called interlocking.
Baby's Got a New Baby
"Baby's Got a New Baby" is a song written by J. Fred Knobloch and Dan Tyler, and recorded by American country music group S-K-O.  It was released in December 1986 as the second single from the album Schuyler, Knobloch & Overstreet.  The song was S-K-O's second country hit and the group's only number one on the country chart.  The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of fourteen weeks within the top 40.

Dan Tyler
Daniel Eugene Tyler (born 1950) is an American songwriter. Among his best known songs are "Bobbie Sue" (co-written with his wife, Adele), "Modern Day Romance", "Twenty Years Ago", "Somebody's Doin' Me Right", and "The Light In Your Eyes".
Allerton TMD
Allerton TMD is a railway depot situated in Allerton, Liverpool. Situated opposite Liverpool South Parkway bus and rail interchange, it is visible from trains which are travelling between the former and Hunts Cross and the overhead passageway above platforms 1 to 4 at Liverpool South Parkway. The depot is located less than 2 km (1.2 mi) from the Freightliner intermodal terminal at Garston Docks and is also 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Stobart Rail intermodal depot in Widnes.

During the days of steam locomotive operation, the shed code was 8H between 1960 and 1963 and 8J between 1963 and 1973. Since 1973, when TOPS was introduced, Allerton's depot code has been AN.

British Rail Class 156
The British Rail Class 156 Super Sprinter is a diesel-hydraulic multiple unit passenger train. A total of 114 sets were built between 1987 and 1989 for British Rail by Metro-Cammell's Washwood Heath works. They were built to replace elderly first-generation DMUs and locomotive-hauled passenger trains.
Bolshoy Kinel
The Bolshoy Kinel (Russian: Большо́й Кине́ль) is a river in Orenburg and Samara Oblasts of Russia. It is a right tributary of the river Samara, and is 422 kilometers (262 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 14,900 square kilometers (5,800 sq mi). It has its sources on the northern slopes of the Obshchy Syrt hills, and flows into the Samara 15 kilometers (9 mi) east of the city of Samara.

Along the river are located the towns of Buguruslan, Pokhvistnevo, Otradny and, at the confluence with the Samara, Kinel.

Obshchy Syrt
Obshchy Syrt (Russian: Общий Сырт, pronounced [ˈopɕːɪj sɨrt]) is a highland ridge, or plateau (syrt), in the European part of Russia. It starts north of Orenburg as a branch of the Ural Mountains and runs in a southwesterly direction to the east bank of the Volga River. River Shagan, a tributary of the Ural, has its sources in the highlands.

These highlands forms the watershed between the rivers Volga and Ural, and are also part of the boundary between Europe and Asia. In the eastern sector the Obshchy Syrt reaches heights of over 500 meters.

The north slope of the Obshchy Syrt is covered by deciduous forests, while the southern slope towards the Caspian Depression has the characteristics of a steppe.
Rev. Asahel Norton Homestead
Rev. Asahel Norton Homestead is a historic home and farm complex located at Kirkland in Oneida County, New York.

The owner, Rev. Asahel Norton (Sept. 20, 1765-May 10, 1853) was a graduate of Yale College. He became known in later life for his interest in pomology, and for his apple trees. He was one of the founders of Hamilton College.

The home was built about 1797 and is a two-story wood-frame structure with a five bay, center hall configuration in a vernacular Federal style. Also on the property are the original well, chicken coop and animal barn, and fruit orchard.

The homestead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Poultry farming
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers.  More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually. Chickens raised for eggs are known as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called broilers.

In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the UK, the national organization is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
IBTE Nakhoda Ragam Campus
4°59′44.7″N 114°58′39.3″E﻿ / ﻿4.995750°N 114.977583°E﻿ / 4.995750; 114.977583

IBTE Nakhoda Ragam Campus, formerly known as Nakhoda Ragam Vocational School (Malay: Sekolah Vokasional Nakhoda Ragam; Malay, abbreviated: SVNR), is one of the technical institute in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. Since 2014, it has been subsumed and fully administered under the Institute of Brunei Technical Education.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Drut (river)
The Drut or Druts (Belarusian: Друць, romanized: Druć, [drut͡sʲ]; Russian: Друть, [drutʲ]) is a river in Belarus, a right tributary of Dnieper. It originates in the Orsha Upland in the Belarusian Ridge and flows through the Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel regions of Belarus. It is 295 kilometres (183 mi) long, and has a 5,020 square kilometres (1,940 sq mi) drainage basin.

The cities of Talachyn, Kruhlaye, Byalynichy, and Rahachow are located on the Drut.

The Chihirin Reservoir on the Drut river has an area of 21.1 square kilometers (8.1 sq mi).

Gomel region
Gomel region, also known as Gomel oblast or Homyel voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Gomel. The total area of the region is 40,400 square kilometres (15,600 sq mi). As of 2024, it had a population of 1,338,617.

Its largest settlements include Gomel, Mazyr, Zhlobin, Svyetlahorsk, Rechytsa, Kalinkavichy, Rahachow and Dobrush.

Both Gomel region and Mogilev region suffered severely from the Chernobyl disaster. Gomel Province borders the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in places, and parts of it have been designated as mandatory or voluntary resettlement areas as a result of the radioactive contamination.
Bottiglie vuote
"Bottiglie vuote" (transl. Empty bottles) is a song by Italian pop rock band Pinguini Tattici Nucleari. It was originally published as the thirteenth track of the band's sixth studio album Hello World in December 2024 by Island Records. A new version featuring Italian singer Max Pezzali was released as a single on 11 April 2025 and included in the digital re-issue of the same album.

Hello World (Pinguini Tattici Nucleari album)
Hello World is the sixth studio album by the Italian band Pinguini Tattici Nucleari. It was released on 6 December 2024 by Sony Music Italy.

The release of the album was preceded by the singles "Romantico ma muori" and "Islanda". Hello World topped the Italian Albums Chart and was certified triple platinum by the Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana.
Journal of Indo-European Studies
The Journal of Indo-European Studies (JIES) is a peer-reviewed academic journal of Indo-European studies.  The journal publishes papers in the fields of anthropology, archaeology, mythology and linguistics relating to the cultural history of the Indo-European-speaking peoples. It is published every three months. Since 2020, the journal's editor-in-chief is Emily Blanchard West, Associate Professor of Classics and History at St. Catherine University.

It also publishes the Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series. Among the prominent issues were the Proceedings of the Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference from 1995 (the tenth conference) until 2007 (the twentieth conference). This collaboration was discontinued in 2008: today, the proceedings are published by the Buske Verlag.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
1950 NCAA tennis championships
The 1950 NCAA tennis championships were the fifth annual tournaments hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis among its members in the United States.

UCLA was awarded the team championship, the Bruins' first title. UCLA finished six points ahead of California and USC (11–5).

UCLA Bruins
The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin men's and women's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF). For football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I (formerly Division I-A). UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 125 NCAA team championships. UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women.
ABC Super Soap Weekend
ABC Super Soap Weekend (1996–2008) was an event organized in conjunction with Disney and ABC to bring soap opera actors from various ABC shows to visit and mingle with their fans.

The first ABC Super Soap Weekend was organized and held at Disney's Hollywood Studios near Orlando in 1996 (the same year Disney merged with ABC). The event was traditionally held around Veterans Day weekend each year. In addition, a summertime Super Soap Weekend was held at Disney California Adventure Park on the West Coast in 2002 and 2003.

The final edition of the event was held November 15–16, 2008. A new event titled "Soap Nation" began in January 2009 and featured many events across the country that allowed guests to meet their favorite actors and actresses. It proved not to be as successful as Super Soap Weekend and was discontinued briefly after, especially as ABC's daytime division experienced budget cuts and many of the network's programs ended.

Julia Barr
Julia Barr (born Julia Rose Buchheit on February 8, 1949, in Fort Wayne, Indiana) is an American actress.  Barr is most famous for her role on the soap opera All My Children, playing the character of Brooke English. She played the role from 1976 to 1981 and from 1982 to December 20, 2006, with other special and short appearances.

Growing up as an only child in Fort Wayne, Barr made her acting debut at the age of 13 in a production of Peter Pan. This helped her decide to pursue acting as a career, and by the time she graduated from Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, she had performed in 25 professional productions. She spent two years at the Studio Arena Theater in Buffalo, New York.
Sedenia achroa
Sedenia achroa is a moth in the family Crambidae described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1902. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Western Australia.

The wingspan is about 22 mm. The forewings are greyish fuscous, strongly mixed with ochreous fuscous. There is a moderately thick obscure line from the costa to the inner margin and a line from costa to below the middle of the wing, which is then strongly curved inwards. There is an obscure fuscous subterminal line. The hindwings are light grey, somewhat fuscous tinged along the margins. There is a suffused fuscous line from the costa towards the inner margin and a similar line from the costa nearly to the anal angle, which is continued shortly above termen from there.

Oswald Bertram Lower
Oswald Bertram Lower (28 February 1864 in Norwood, South Australia – 18 March 1925 in Wayville, South Australia) was an Australian chemist and pharmacist who is best known for his contributions to entomology, in particular butterflies and moths. His collection is now at the South Australian Museum.

In 1909 he married Eva Linda May (Davies) Lower. The couple had two sons: Oswald Bertram and Raymond Brackleigh.
1998 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
38°0′S 150°30′E﻿ / ﻿38.000°S 150.500°E﻿ / -38.000; 150.500

The 1998 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race was the 54th annual running of the "blue water classic" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race. It was hosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales. It was the most disastrous in the race's history, with the loss of six lives and five yachts in an unexpectedly severe storm on 27–28 December. Fifty-five sailors were rescued in the largest peacetime search and rescue effort ever seen in Australia.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
Ole-Johan Dahl
Ole-Johan Dahl (12 October 1931 – 29 June 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist. Dahl was a professor of computer science at the University of Oslo and is considered to be one of the fathers of Simula and object-oriented programming along with Kristen Nygaard. In 2001, Dahl and Nygaard won the ACM Turing Award.

Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
The Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt – FFI) is a research institute that conducts research and development on behalf of the Norwegian Armed Forces and provides expert advice to political and military defence leaders. In particular, its task is to keep track of advances in the fields of science and military technology which might affect the assumptions on which Norwegian security policy and/or defence planning is based.
National Lampoon Comics
National Lampoon Comics was an American book, an anthology of comics; it was published in 1974 in paperback. The book was art directed by Michael C. Gross and David Kaestle.

Although it is to all appearances a book, the publication was apparently considered to be a special edition of National Lampoon magazine. (The book is described on the first page as being "Vol I, No. 7 in a series of special editions published three times a year".)

The anthology contained material that had been published in the magazine from 1970 to 1974. There is a 13-page Mad magazine parody, various photo funnies (fumetti) and many comics from the "Funny Pages" section of the magazine, including pieces by Charles Rodrigues, Vaughn Bodé, Shary Flenniken, Jeff Jones, Gahan Wilson, M. K. Brown, Randall Enos, Bobby London, Ed Subitzky, Stan Mack and Joe Orlando.

M. K. Brown
M. K. Brown is an American cartoonist and painter whose work has appeared in many publications, including National Lampoon (1972–1981), Mother Jones, Wimmen's Comix, The New Yorker, Playboy, among others. She has written several books, created animations for The Tracey Ullman Show, and was a contributing artist to the "comic jam" graphic novel The Narrative Corpse. She is also an accomplished painter with work in galleries and many private collections.

Lynda Barry, cartoonist of the comic strip Ernie Pook's Comeek, lists Brown one of her early influences.
Perichondrium
The perichondrium (from Greek περί, peri, 'around' and χόνδρος, chondros, 'cartilage') is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone. It consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibres. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts. Perichondrium can be found around the perimeter of elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage.

Perichondrium is a type of irregular collagenous ordinary connective tissue, and also functions in the growth and repair of cartilage. Perichondrium contains type I collagen and type XII collagen.

Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Puccini Spur
Puccini Spur (70°3′S 70°38′W﻿ / ﻿70.050°S 70.633°W﻿ / -70.050; -70.633) is a rock spur, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long, extending southwest into the Mozart Ice Piedmont close south of Mahler Spur in the north part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first seen from the air and roughly mapped by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) in 1937. The Puccini Spur was accurately delineated from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1960. It is named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924), an Italian operatic composer.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Corrosion inhibitor
A corrosion inhibitor or anti-corrosive is a chemical compound added to a liquid or gas to decrease the corrosion rate of a metal that comes into contact with the fluid. The effectiveness of a corrosion inhibitor depends on fluid composition and dynamics. Corrosion inhibitors are common in industry, and also found in over-the-counter products, typically in spray form in combination with a lubricant and sometimes a penetrating oil. They may be added to water to prevent leaching of lead or copper from pipes.

A common mechanism for inhibiting corrosion involves formation of a coating, often a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal. Permanent treatments such as chrome plating are not generally considered inhibitors, however: corrosion inhibitors are additives to the fluids that surround the metal or related object.

Penetrating oil
Penetrating oil, also known as penetrating fluid, is a low-viscosity oil. It can be used to free rusted mechanical parts (such as nuts and bolts) so that they can be removed, because it can penetrate into the narrow space between the threads of two parts.  It can also be used as a cleaner; however, it should not be used as a general-purpose lubricant or a corrosion stopper. Using penetrating fluids as general-purpose lubricants is not advisable, because such oils are relatively volatile. As a result, much of the penetrating oil will evaporate in a short amount of time, leaving little residual lubricant.

Other uses include removing chewing gum and adhesive stickers, and lessening friction on metal-stringed musical instruments.
Elizabeth Holloway Marston
Sarah Elizabeth Marston  (née Holloway; February 20, 1893 – March 27, 1993) was an American attorney and psychologist. She is credited, with her husband William Moulton Marston, with the development of the systolic blood pressure measurement used to detect deception, the predecessor to the polygraph.

She is also credited as an inspiration for her husband's comic book creation Wonder Woman, along with their polyamorous life partner, Olive Byrne.

Significant other
The term significant other (SO) has different uses in psychology and colloquial language. Colloquially, "significant other" is used as a gender-neutral term for a person's partner in an intimate relationship without disclosing or presuming anything about marital status, relationship status, gender identity, or sexual orientation. Synonyms with similar properties include sweetheart, other half, better half, spouse, domestic partner, lover, paramour, soulmate, and life partner.