hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schola Medica Salernitana
The Schola Medica Salernitana (Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was a medieval medical school, the first and most important of its kind. Situated on the Tyrrhenian Sea in the south Italian city of Salerno, it was founded in the 9th century and rose to prominence in the 10th century, becoming the most important source of medical knowledge in Western Europe at the time.

Arabic medical treatises, both those that were translations of Greek texts and those that were originally written in Arabic, had accumulated in the library of Montecassino, where they were translated into Latin; thus the received lore of Hippocrates, Galen and Dioscorides was supplemented and invigorated by Arabic medical practice, known from contacts with Sicily and North Africa. As a result, the medical practitioners of Salerno, both men and women, were unrivaled in the medieval Western Mediterranean for practical concerns.

Tyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea (/tɪˈriːniən, -ˈreɪ-/, tih-REE-nee-ən ,-RAY-; Italian: Mar Tirreno [mar tirˈrɛːno] or [-ˈreː-]) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. Its namesake is from the Tyrrhenian people, identified with the Etruscans of Italy.
Clam River (Wisconsin)
The Clam River is a 63.4-mile-long (102.0 km) tributary of the St. Croix River in northwestern Wisconsin in the United States.  In its history, it has been known by the names Kayeskikan, Kiesca-seba, and "Shell River".

The North Fork of the Clam River begins as a small, intermittent stream in western Washburn County. It flows through wetlands west of Shell Lake, and rapidly enlarges in size as it is fed by a number of trout streams including Krantz Creek, the South Fork of the Clam River, Sand Creek, Spencer Creek, Indian Creek, Clam River Springs and Bass Lake Springs.  The river widens noticeably after taking on Spencer Creek (Spencer Lake Springs).  There are three operating dams on the river: one on the South Fork in the town of Clam Falls, another at Clam Dam County Park near Webster, and another immediately before the river joins the St. Croix.  Beneath its confluence with the Clam, the St. Croix is regarded as one of Wisconsin's "big rivers".

Washburn County, Wisconsin
Washburn County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is named after Governor Cadwallader C. Washburn. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,623. Its county seat is Shell Lake. The county was created in 1883. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Oxford, Connecticut
Oxford is a residential town located in western New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Naugatuck Valley Planning Region. The population was 12,706 at the 2020 Census. Oxford is the 26th-wealthiest town in the state by median household income. Distinct settled areas in the town include Oxford Center, Quaker Farms, and Riverside. Oxford belongs to the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk Metropolitan Statistical Area, a subregion of the New York metropolitan area.

Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The city, part of the New York Metropolitan Area, is the sixth-most populous city in Connecticut as of the 2020 census, with a population of 91,184.

Norwalk is on the northern shore of Long Island Sound and was first settled in 1649.
Brian Kennedy (hurler)
Brian Kennedy (born 30 January 1992) is an Irish hurler who plays as a left corner-back for the Kilkenny senior team.

Born in Freshford, County Kilkenny, Kennedy first played competitive hurling whilst at school at Kilkenny CBS. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team before later joining the under-21 side. Kennedy made his senior debut during the 2014 National Hurling League and quickly became a regular member of the team. Since then he has won one National Hurling League medal, one Leinster Senior Hurling Championship and one All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship medal as a non-playing substitute.

At club level Kennedy is a one-time All-Ireland medallist in the intermediate grade with St Lachtain's.  In addition to this he has also won one Leinster medal and one championship medal.

St Lachtain's GAA
St Lachtain's GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in Freshford, County Kilkenny, Ireland. Founded in 1951, it is almost exclusively concerned with the game of hurling. The club has won All-Ireland club titles in hurling (at Junior and Intermediate level) and in camogie (at senior level).
Hau Wong
Hau Wong or Hou Wang (Chinese: 侯王; Jyutping: hau4 wong4; pinyin: Hóu Wáng) is a title that can be translated as "Prince Marquis" or "Holy Marquis".  It is not any one person's name. Hau Wong refers usually to Yeung Leung-jit (楊亮節; 杨亮节; joeng4 loeng6 zit3; Yáng Liàngjiē), a loyal and courageous general. Despite his failing health, he remained in the army to protect the last emperor of the Southern Song dynasty when he took refuge southwards in Kowloon.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Baroda High School, Bagikhana
Baroda High School, Bagikhana, abbreviated as Baroda High School, is a coeducational English medium private school serving grades Lower Kindergarten to 12. It is located in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. It is managed by the Baroda Lions Club Education Trust and follows the Gujarat State Education Board curriculum. It has about 1600 students in the pre-primary and the primary section and 800 in the secondary.

Lions Clubs International
Lions Clubs International is an international service organization, currently headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois. As of January 2020, it had over 46,000 local clubs and more than 1.4 million members (including the youth wing Leo) in more than 200 geographic areas around the world.
Antenor Nascentes
Antenor Nascentes (19 June 1886 – 6 September 1972) was a Brazilian philologist, etymologist, and lexicographer.

He wrote the first etymological dictionary of Brazil. He also had an interest in dialect and experimental phonetics. He did analysis of popular speech in Rio de Janeiro in 1922. In 1962 he won the Prêmio Machado de Assis.

Prêmio Machado de Assis
The Prêmio Machado de Assis (the Machado de Assis Prize) is a literary prize awarded by the Brazilian Academy of Letters, and possibly the most prestigious literary award in Brazil. The prize was founded in 1941, named in memory of the novelist Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839–1908). It is awarded in recognition of a lifetime's work.
IPartment 5
"IPartment 5" is the fifth and final season of the mainland Chinese urban romantic sitcom Love Apartment. The season was directed by Wei Zheng. The scriptwriters were Wei Zheng and Zou Jie. The actors are Lou Yixiao, Li Jiahang, Sun Yizhou, Li Jinming. Also featured were Zhang Yiduo, Cheng Guo, and Wan Zilin, with special appearances by Chen He and Zhao Wenqi.

"IPartment 5" started filming and production on April 11, 2019, and officially wrapped on August 24 of the same year.

IPartment
iPartment  (Chinese: 爱情公寓; pinyin: Àiqíng Gōngyù) is a sitcom from Mainland China. It was produced by the Shanghai Film Group and Shanghai Film Studio, and aired by Jiangxi TV in August 2009, with twenty 45-minute episodes.

The second season aired by Webisodes online due to its online fan base and polls for upcoming episodes. The second season featured four of the same characters from the first season by Chen three new characters. The third season followed with the same cast.

A film adaptation, Love Apartment, was filmed and released in 2018, and featured most of the cast reprising their roles.

The show is generally regarded as one of the most successful Chinese sitcoms of all time, mainly among the Post-80's generation minutes production on Z due to the advent of streaming services and network season is one of the first Chinese shows to depict modern young urban society and references wider Western pop culture phenomenon.
Luis Martins de Souza Dantas
Luiz Martins de Souza Dantas (17 February 1876 – 16 April 1954) was a Brazilian diplomat who was awarded the title Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in June 2003, for his actions during World War II in helping Jews in France escape The Holocaust. It is estimated he saved 800 people, 425 confirmed to be Jewish.  His actions were not limited to saving Jews, but also other persecuted groups, such as communists and homosexuals.

Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations (Hebrew: חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם ḥasidei ummot ha'olam) is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe all of the non-Jews who, out of altruism, risked their lives in order to save Jews from being exterminated by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. The term originates from the concept of ger toshav, a legal term used to refer to non-Jewish observers of the Seven Laws of Noah.

Recent research has complicated dominant historical narratives about rescue of Jews during the Holocaust. The vast majority of rescue was enabled by the exchange of money, goods, or services, while many survivors concealed complicating facts in applications of Yad Vashem.
Stella, South Africa
Stella is a cattle farming town situated in North West Province of South Africa between Vryburg and Mafikeng.

The large salt pan on the outskirts of town, especially well known for the number of lions in the area, was visited by a number of early European travellers, including David Livingstone and Robert Moffat.

The first white people settled in the area in 1882, and the following year a fight broke out between the baTlhaping and the Korana under David Mossweu. A large number of white mercenaries fought on both sides of the conflict, and when the war ended they were given land to farm in return for their services. Under their leader, Van Niekerk, they proclaimed their area the Republic of Stellaland, after a comet which had been visible while the fighting was going on. Electricity was introduced only in 1973.

The Stella Beesfees (Cattle Festival) is held every year during October. The town has a high school, but this also houses the nursery and primary pupils.

Stellaland
The Republic of Stellaland (Dutch: Republiek Stellaland) was, from 1882 to 1883, a Boer republic located in an area of British Bechuanaland (now in South Africa's North West Province), west of the Transvaal. After unification with the neighbouring State of Goshen, it became the United States of Stellaland (Dutch: Verenigde Staten van Stellaland) from 1883 to 1885.

During its short history, the small state became a focal point for conflict between the United Kingdom and the South African Republic, the two major players vying for control of the territory. After a series of claims and annexations, British fears of Boer expansionism led to its demise and, among other factors, set the stage for the Second Boer War.
2016 Tashkent Challenger – Doubles
Sergey Betov and Mikhail Elgin were the defending champions but chose to participate with different partners. Betov partnered Alexander Kudryavtsev but lost in the first round to Mirza Bašić and Blaž Kavčič. Elgin partnered Denis Istomin and won the title.

Elgin and Istomin won the title after defeating Andre Begemann and Leander Paes 6–4, 6–2 in the final.

Andre Begemann
Andre Begemann (born 12 July 1984) is a German inactive professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist who reached his career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 36, achieved in May 2015. He has a career-high singles ranking of No. 166, achieved in July 2010. Begemann has won four ATP Tour doubles titles.
Wit licht
"Wit licht" (English: "White Light") is a single by Dutch singer-songwriter Marco Borsato, from his album "Wit licht". The song was released on 18 April 2008. It was written and produced by John Ewbank. It reached the peak position in both the Mega Single Top 100 and the Dutch Top 40. In Flanders, the song reached the third position in the Ultratop 50.

On 20 March 2008 it was announced that an eponymous album and an eponymous movie, with Borsato in one of the leading roles, would be released. The album Wit licht was released on September 17 and reached the peak position in both the Album Top 100 in the Netherlands and the Ultratop 100 Albums in Flanders. The movie Wit licht, directed by Jean van de Velde, premiered on December 8 in the Tuschinski movie theater in Amsterdam. Prince Willem-Alexander and princess Máxima visited the première.

Dutch Single Top 100
The Dutch Single Top 100 or Single Top 100 is a Dutch chart, based on official physical single sales, legal downloads and since July 2013 streaming and composed by Dutch Charts. It is one of the three official charts, the other two being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 30. The difference is that these charts also include airplay data.
The list is especially intended for the music industry and those who take an interest in charts. In Dutch TV programmes the Single Top 100 is often cited, although it has not been broadcast since December 2006.
Helene Sandvig
Helene Beate Sandvig (born August 26, 1968) is a Norwegian journalist. She is a program leader in the Pulse NRK program and has held this position in the periods of 1999–2001, 2006–2008 and since 2010. Prior to this she was a journalist in Dagbladet. In 2016 she directed the program Helene checks in on NRK1. For the program, she was nominated for best female program leader in front of Gullruten 2017. She won the award for the same program in 2018.

She is a graduate of journalism from Volda University College.

Pulse
In medicine, pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery in response to the cardiac cycle (heartbeat). The pulse may be felt (palpated) in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery or ulnar artery), at the groin (femoral artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery), and on foot (dorsalis pedis artery). The pulse is most commonly measured at the wrist or neck for adults and at the brachial artery (inner upper arm between the shoulder and elbow) for infants and very young children. A sphygmograph is an instrument for measuring the pulse.
Andy Bobrow
Andy Bobrow is an American television writer and producer known for his work on Community.  He was previously a writer for Malcolm in the Middle, head writer for The Last Man on Earth, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, Bless the Harts and created a mockumentary called The Old Negro Space Program.  He currently voices Owly on the Love Me Cat Show.

The Last Man on Earth (TV series)
The Last Man on Earth is an American post-apocalyptic comedy television series created by Will Forte. It aired on the Fox television network from March 1, 2015, to May 6, 2018. In addition to Forte starring in the title role, the series also starred Kristen Schaal, January Jones, Mel Rodriguez, Cleopatra Coleman and Mary Steenburgen as a small group of survivors.

Originally introduced as a mid-season replacement, the series aired 67 episodes over four seasons. It ended with a cliffhanger episode, to be resolved in the fifth season, but was canceled the week after the fourth season ended.
Marine Miroux
Marine Miroux (born 14 April 1977) is a French architect who lives and works in Berlin.

She was born in Fontainebleau and qualified as an Architecte diplômé par le gouvernement  at the École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville. In 2008, she founded the collective Berlin Süd Architecture with Christoph Hager.

In 2008, with Christoph Hager, she was made a winner of the ninth iteration of the Europan competition for the duo's project "over the train". In 2010, in partnership with Christoph Hager and Hüller Rudaz Architekten, she received first prize for their project "The Line" in the FLOW competition sponsored by Joël Claisse Architectures, the Urban Land Institute and the businesses of the Port of Brussels. In the same year, she received the Grand prix d'architecture awarded by the French Académie des Beaux-Arts for the project "Better, Cheaper Helping".

École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville
The École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville is a French grande école and school of architecture. It is currently ranked as the best architecture school in France. The school is recognized for its focus on sustainability, and its students have received awards for adaptable designs encouraging new attitudes towards waste. The school has partnerships with 66 international universities, including La Sapienza in Rome and the University of Hong Kong.

Also, it has incredibly competitive admission criteria;ENSA Paris-Belleville's acceptance rate is 4.9%.
Saint-Chamas
Saint-Chamas (in Provençal Occitan: Sanch Amàs in classical orthography, Sant Chamas according to Mistralian orthography) is a commune in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southern France.

Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône (/ˌbuːʃ djuː ˈroʊn/ BOOSH dew ROHN; French: les Bouches-du-Rhône [le buʃ dy ʁon] ⓘ, locally [le ˈbuʃə dy ˈʁɔnə]; Occitan: lei Bocas de Ròse [lej ˈbukɔz de ˈʀɔze]; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne.

Marseille, France's second-largest city, has one of the largest container ports in the country. It prides itself on being France's oldest city, founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea around 600 BC. Bouches-du-Rhône is the most populous department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, with 2,043,110 inhabitants as of 2019. It has an area of 5,087 km2 (1,964 sq mi). Its INSEE and postal code is 13.
Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Drama Film
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Drama Film is an annual award, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television as part of the Canadian Screen Awards program, to honour the best supporting performance in a drama film.

After the academy announced in August 2022 that it was discontinuing its former gendered awards for Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, they presented only a single award for Best Supporting Performance in a Film at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023. The organization subsequently decided to increase the number of acting awards again, with the new awards separated by genre of film instead of performer gender; beginning with the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024, distinct awards will now be presented for Best Supporting Performance in a Drama Film and Best Supporting Performance in a Comedy Film.

12th Canadian Screen Awards
The 12th Canadian Screen Awards were presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television to honour achievements in Canadian film, television and digital media production in 2023. They were held at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto from 28–31 May 2024, as part of Canadian Screen Week, with highlights of the final gala ceremony broadcast in a CBC Television special on 31 May 2024.

Nominations were announced on 6 March; television drama Little Bird led in overall nominations with 19, while Matt Johnson's film BlackBerry received 17 nominations—becoming the most-nominated film in the history of the ceremony. Both BlackBerry and Little Bird would win the most awards in their respective categories.
2016 Taiwan Open
The 2016 Taiwan Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and part of the WTA International category of the 2016 WTA Tour. It took place at the Yangming Tennis Center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan from 8 February through 14 February 2016. First-seeded Venus Williams won the singles title.

Marina Melnikova
Marina Anatolyevna Melnikova (Russian: Марина Анатольевна Мельникова; born 5 February 1989) is a Russian tennis player.

She has won seven singles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 4 May 2015, Melnikova reached her best singles ranking of world No. 170. On 20 June 2016, she peaked at No. 80 in the doubles rankings.
Cost-loss model
The cost-loss model, also called the cost/loss model or the cost-loss decision model, is a model used to understand how the predicted probability of adverse events affects the decision of whether to take a costly precautionary measure to protect oneself against losses from that event. The threshold probability above which it makes sense to take the precautionary measure equals the ratio of the cost of the preventative measure to the loss averted, and this threshold is termed the cost/loss ratio or cost-loss ratio. The model is typically used in the context of using prediction about weather conditions to decide whether to take a precautionary measure or not.

Risk aversion
In economics and finance, risk aversion is the tendency of people to prefer outcomes with low uncertainty to those outcomes with high uncertainty, even if the average outcome of the latter is equal to or higher in monetary value than the more certain outcome.

Risk aversion explains the inclination to agree to a situation with a lower average payoff that is more predictable rather than another situation with a less predictable payoff that is higher on average. For example, a risk-averse investor might choose to put their money into a bank account with a low but guaranteed interest rate, rather than into a stock that may have high expected returns, but also involves a chance of losing value.
Amook Bay Seaplane Base
Amook Bay Seaplane Base (IATA: AOS, FAA LID: AK81) is a privately owned seaplane base located in Amook Bay, a community in the Kodiak Island Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Although classified by the FAA as "private use", Amook Bay has scheduled passenger service to Kodiak, Alaska, which is subsidized by the United States Department of Transportation via the Essential Air Service program.

United States Department of Transportation
The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT or DOT) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is headed by the secretary of transportation, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

The department's fiscal year 2022–2026 strategic plan states that its mission is "to deliver the world's leading transportation system, serving the American people and economy through the safe, efficient, sustainable, and equitable movement of people and goods."