hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Curse of Scotland
The Curse of Scotland is a nickname used for the nine of diamonds playing card. The expression has been used at least since the early 18th century, and many putative explanations have been given for the origin of this nickname for the card.

A tale of a general who, before a battle, wrote orders on a nine of diamonds card has appeared in folklore several times. The general has been identified with both James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth before the Battle of Bothwell Bridge (1679) and Prince William, Duke of Cumberland before the Battle of Culloden (1746). Other tales connect the expression to a decision of collective punishment for theft taken by Mary, Queen of Scots, and to James IV of Scotland supposedly searching for a missing card shortly before his death at the Battle of Flodden (1513).

Collective punishment
Collective punishment is a punishment or sanction imposed on a group or whole community for acts allegedly perpetrated by a member or some members of that group or area, which could be an ethnic or political group, or just the family, friends and neighbors of the perpetrator, as well as entire cities and communities where the perpetrator(s) allegedly committed the crime. Because individuals who are not responsible for the acts are targeted, collective punishment is not compatible with the basic principle of individual responsibility. The punished group may often have no direct association with the perpetrator other than living in the same area and can not be assumed to exercise control over the perpetrator's actions. Collective punishment is prohibited by treaty in both international and/or non-international armed conflicts, more specifically Common Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and Article 4 of the Additional Protocol II.
Bufotoxin
Bufotoxins are a family of toxic steroid lactones or substituted tryptamines of which some are toxic. They occur in the parotoid glands, skin, and poison of many toads (Bufonidae family) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
Hooper Bald
Hooper Bald is a grassy bald mountain in the Unicoi Mountain Range located in the Cheoah Ranger District (northwestern district) of Nantahala National Forest in Graham County, North Carolina, United States.  The summit is 5,429 ft/1,655 m.

Graham County, North Carolina
Graham County (locally /ˈɡreɪˌhæm/) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,030, making it the third-least populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Robbinsville.
Golden Palace
Golden Palace can refer to:

The Golden Palace, a TV sitcom spin-off of The Golden Girls

GoldenPalace.com, an Internet-based casino known for paying boxers to get tattoos of their website on their bodies

Domus Aurea (Latin for "Golden House"), a large palace built by the Roman emperor Nero

Golden Palace Hotel, in Tsaghkadzor, Armenia

Radisson Blu Hotel, Yerevan, previously named Golden Palace Yerevan, in Armenia

Pauwels Sauzen–Vastgoedservice, a cycling team known as Vastgoedservice–Golden Palace in 2014-2015

The Golden Palace
The Golden Palace is an American television sitcom produced as a sequel to The Golden Girls, a continuation without Bea Arthur (though she did guest star in a double episode) that aired on CBS from September 18, 1992, to May 7, 1993. It starred Betty White, Rue McClanahan, Estelle Getty, Cheech Marin, and Don Cheadle. Billy L. Sullivan also co-starred for the first half of its run. Less popular than its predecessor, the series aired for a single 24-episode season before its cancelation by CBS.
Kyungon, Wakema
Kyungon is a village in Wakema Township, Myaungmya District, in the Ayeyarwady Region of northcentral Myanmar. Kyungon is on the left (south) bank of the Pyamalaw River across from the village of Kwinbauk.

In 2009 a bridge over the Pyamalaw River at Kyungon was completed.  The bridge is a 500-foot suspension bridge, 14 feet wide, suitable for one-way traffic.

Pyamalaw River
The Pyamalaw River (Pyanmalot River) is a river in Ayeyawady Division in south-western Burma (Myanmar).  It is a distributary of the Irrawaddy. The Pyamalaw River forms the boundary between Wakema Township and Einme Township of Ayeyawady Region.

It is to be crossed by the Kyungon Bridge.
Friesburg, New Jersey
Friesburg is an unincorporated community located within Alloway Township, in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It was founded in 1748 and previously contained a post office, creamery, general store, sawmill, and blacksmith.

Friesburg is named after Jacob Fries who donated the land for the site of the Emanuel Lutheran Church, and who is also buried on the grounds.

Creamery
A creamery or cheese factory is a place where milk and cream are processed and where butter and cheese is produced. Cream is separated from whole milk; pasteurization is done to the skimmed milk and cream separately. Whole milk for sale has had some cream returned to the skimmed milk.

The creamery is the source of butter from a dairy. Cream is an emulsion of fat-in-water; the process of churning causes a phase inversion to butter which is an emulsion of water-in-fat. Excess liquid as buttermilk is drained off in the process. Modern creameries are automatically controlled industries, but the traditional creamery needed skilled workers. Traditional tools included the butter churn and Scotch hands.

The term "creamery" is sometimes used in retail trade as a place to buy milk products such as yogurt and ice cream. Under the banner of a creamery one might find a store also stocking pies and cakes or even a coffeehouse with confectionery.
Shōji Hayashi
Shōji Hayashi (林 昌二, Hayashi Shōji) (23 September 1928 – 30 November 2011) was a Japanese architect. As chief architect of Nikken Sekkei, Ltd., he designed many notable buildings, including the Palaceside Building in Tokyo, which was selected as one of 20 works of modern Japanese architecture by Docomomo Japan. He was chairman of the Japan Institute of Architects (1990–1992) and an honorary fellow of the American Institute of Architects.

Japan Institute of Architects
The Japan Institute of Architects (JIA; 日本建築家協会, Nihon kenchikuka kyōkai) is a voluntary organization for architects in Japan, and an affiliated organization of the Union Internationale des Architectes (UIA). The institution was founded in May 1987 and includes round about 4,100 members today.

The organization was founded as the result of a merger between two different Japanese architect associations, the Japan Architects Association (JAA) and the Japan Federation of Professional Architects Association (JFPAA) in 1987. The JIA's principal aim is to define and promote the social and legal status of professional architects in Japan. The association consists of the ten regional chapters Hokkaidō, Tōhoku, Kantō-Kōshin'etsu, Tōkai, Hokuriku, Kinki, Chūgoku, Shikoku, Kyūshū and Okinawa.
Patos-Marinza Oil Field
Patos-Marinëz is an Albanian oil field that was discovered in 1928 and became operational in 1930. It is the biggest on-shore oil field in Europe, and with its 11,854 barrels (1,884.6 m3) per day the biggest oil producing field in Albania. The Patos Marinëz oil field is located 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of the city of Fier in south central Albania.  Its proven reserves are about 2 billion barrels (320×10^6 m3). Patos Marinëz has only heavy oil and is in production since the 1930s.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Ann Womer Benjamin
Ann Womer Benjamin is the mayor of Aurora, Ohio, a position she has held since 2014. She is former executive director of the Northeast Ohio Council on Higher Education. Womer Benjamin served in the cabinet of the former Governor of Ohio Bob Taft as director of the Ohio Department of Insurance. Prior to that appointment, she was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives in 1995–2002. She represented a district which encompassed Portage County.

Aurora, Ohio
Aurora is a city in northwestern Portage County, Ohio, United States. A suburb in between Akron and Cleveland, the population was 17,239 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Akron metropolitan area.

Some say Aurora was the name of the daughter of Major Amos Spafford, while others believe the village was named after Aurora, the Roman goddess of dawn. The city is co-extensive with, and formed from, the former township of Aurora, which was formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve. Aurora was designated a Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation.
Joseph Girouard
Joseph Girouard (April 8, 1854 – March 29, 1933) was a Quebec notary and political figure. He represented Two Mountains in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1892 to 1896.

He was born at St-Benoît, Canada East in 1854, the son of Jean-Joseph Girouard, and studied at the Collège des Sulpiciens at Montreal. Girouard qualified to practice as a notary in 1877 and set up practice at St-Benoît. He also acted as seigneurial agent for the seigneury of Lac des Deux-Montagnes for the Sulpicians. In 1879, he married Célanire, the daughter of merchant Daniel-Adolphe Plessis-Belair. Girouard was elected to the House of Commons in an 1892 by-election held after the death of Jean-Baptiste Daoust.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Robert Nicholson (judge)
Robert David Nicholson AO FAAL is an Australian judge. He served as a Judge of the Federal Court of Australia from 1995 to 2007, in the Court's Perth registry.

Nicholson was admitted as a legal practitioner in 1960, and held the position of Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia from 1988 to 1994, prior to his position in the Federal Court.

He was a recipient of the Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to the judiciary, to education and to the community.

He was awarded an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 2002 for service to the judiciary and to the law, to education, particularly in the area of university administration, and to the community.

Since 2008, he has taught at the University of Melbourne's Law School. He is a Life Fellow of the Australian Academy of Law.

Supreme Court of Western Australia
The Supreme Court of Western Australia is the highest state court in the Australian State of Western Australia. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters (although it usually only hears matters involving sums of A$750,000 or more), and hears the most serious criminal matters.
Lúcia Teixeira
Lúcia da Silva Teixeira Araújo (born 17 June 1981) is a Brazilian female visually impaired judoka (disability class B2) competing in the ‍–‍57 kg division. Teixeira took a silver medal in the 2012 Summer Paralympics and 2016 Summer Paralympics. In 2016, she was defeated by Inna Cherniak of Ukraine who took the gold medal. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's 57 kg event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.

Disability classification in judo
Disability judo classification is the medical classification system for disability judo. Judokas with a disability are classified into different categories based on their disability type.  The classification is handled by the Blind Sports Association.
Imre Kern
Imre Kern (Serbian Cyrillic: Имре Керн; born 1949) is a Serbian administrator and politician from the country's Hungarian community. He was president of the Subotica city assembly's executive board from 1992 to 2002 and was the city's deputy mayor from 2020 to 2024. Kern was also a delegate in the Vojvodina provincial assembly from 2000 to 2004, a deputy provincial secretary in the Vojvodina government from 2002 to 2004, and a state secretary in the Serbian government from 2014 to 2020. He is a member of the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (VMSZ).

Hungarians in Serbia
Hungarians are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Hungarians in Serbia is 184,442, constituting 2.7% of the total population; they are the second-largest ethnic group in the country after Serbs and the largest ethnic minority group. The vast majority of them live in the province of Vojvodina, where they make up 10.5% of population.

Overwhelming majority of Hungarians in Serbia are Catholics, while some 5% are Protestant (mostly Calvinist).
Ust-Alexeyevo
Ust-Alexeyevo (Russian: Усть-Алексеево) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ust-Alexeyevskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,147 as of 2002. There are 19 streets.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Stone Tavern at Roney's Point
Stone Tavern at Roney's Point is a historic inn and tavern complex located at Roney's Point, Ohio County, West Virginia. It includes an early 19th-century stone tavern and early 20th-century auto camp.  The tavern is Federal in style, having an I house form, with later Italianate details added in the 1870s.  It is built of sandstone and a two-story brick wing was added in the 1920s.  The auto court, known as the Stone House Auto Court, was built in 1922.  The remaining building is one story, with 10 units and a lower level garage.  It is built of square tile block and coated in stucco.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Ohio County, West Virginia
Ohio County is a county located in the Northern Panhandle of the U.S. state of West Virginia, and forms part of the Wheeling metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,425. Its county seat is Wheeling. The county was formed in 1776 from the District of West Augusta, Virginia. It was named for the Ohio River, which forms its western boundary with the state of Ohio. West Liberty (formerly Black's Cabin) was designated as the county seat in 1777, serving to 1797.
Pakistani Jews in Israel
In Israel, there is a community of between 1,000 and 2,000 people consisting of Pakistani Jews and their direct descendants. Upon the partition of British India in 1947, many Jews emigrated from the Dominion of Pakistan and resettled in the Dominion of India, joining the local Indian Jews. Following the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948, most of the remainder of Pakistan's Jews fled from the country as part of the wider Jewish exodus from the Muslim world, immigrating primarily to Israel and the Western world; Israel's Pakistani Jewish community is largely concentrated in the city of Ramla. Sharing their heritage with the Indian Jews in Israel, the country's Pakistani Jews are mainly identified as having belonged to the Bene Israel, a community of the Jewish diaspora that coalesced in northern India.

Or Akiva
Or Akiva (Hebrew: אור עקיבא, lit. 'Light of Akiva') is a city in the Haifa District of Israel, on the country's coastal plain. It is located inland from the ancient port city of Caesarea and the Mediterranean Sea, and to the north of the city of Hadera. It is 39 kilometres (24 miles) south of Haifa and 48 km (30 mi) north of Tel Aviv. In 2023 it had a population of 24,203.
Limehouse, South Carolina
Limehouse is an unincorporated community in Jasper County, South Carolina, United States. The community is located at the intersection of US 17 and SC 170, 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Hardeeville, 10 miles (16 km) north of Savannah, Georgia and buffered to its west by the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge.

Hardeeville, South Carolina
Hardeeville is a city in Jasper and Beaufort counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The population was 7,473 as of the 2020 census, an increase of over 150% since 2010. Hardeeville is included within the Hilton Head Island metropolitan area.

For many years, Hardeeville billed itself as the "Lowcountry Host" due to the prevalence of lodging and traveler-oriented facilities along U.S. Highway 17 and later Interstate 95. In recent years, the city has expanded its economic focus due to high population growth. According to Census estimates, Hardeeville posted the highest population growth rate of any municipality in South Carolina, growing 53.4 percent from 2010 to 2014.
The Dawn Trail
The Dawn Trail is a 1930 American Western film, directed by Christy Cabanne. It stars Marceline Day, Miriam Seegar, and Charles Morton, and was released on November 28, 1930. It was remade as the 1939 film Texas Stampede.

Hank Mann
Hank Mann (born David William Lieberman; May 28, 1887 – November 25, 1971) was a Russian-born American comedian and silent screen star who was a member of the Keystone Cops, and appeared as a supporting player in many of Charlie Chaplin's films.
2018 Gerry Weber Open – Doubles
Łukasz Kubot and Marcelo Melo were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, defeating Alexander and Mischa Zverev in the final, 7–6(7–1), 6–4 in a repeat of the previous year's final.

Nicholas Monroe
Benjamin Nicholas Monroe (born April 12, 1982) is an American former professional tennis player. Monroe was a doubles specialist. He reached a career-high ATP doubles ranking of No. 30 on 2 October 2017 and won four ATP Tour doubles titles and thirteen ATP Challenger Tour titles in his career.

He briefly coached American player Jack Sock in the off-season in 2022 and in 2023.
Telephone numbers in Malta
In 2001–2002, Malta introduced a new telephone numbering plan, expanding all fixed-line and mobile numbers to eight digits. Previously, fixed-line numbers had six digits, while mobile, mailbox, and pager services used seven-digit numbers.

Telephone numbers in Malta are regulated by the Malta Communications Authority (MCA), the national regulatory authority for the telecommunications sector in Malta. The numbering plan for Malta adheres to the E.164 international numbering standard, allowing communication both domestically and internationally.

Malta utilizes a closed numbering plan, consisting of a country code, an area code, and a subscriber number. The country code for Malta is +356. Following the country code, telephone numbers are typically composed of an area code and a subscriber number.

Lija
Lija (Maltese: Ħal Lija) is a small village in the Eastern Region of Malta. Together with Attard and Balzan, it forms part of Malta's "Three Villages" (Maltese: It-Tliet Irħula). Lija has a baroque parish church and seven other small chapels. The parish church is dedicated to Our Saviour. Lija became a parish in 1594, after the small community detached itself from the neighbouring town, Birkirkara. It has a population of 3,162 as of 2021.
Skip Lievsay
Skip Lievsay is an American supervising sound editor, re-recording mixer and sound designer for film and television,  Lievsay has worked with filmmakers and directors including the Coen brothers, Martin Scorsese, Spike Lee, Jonathan Demme and Robert Altman.

In January 2008, he received two Oscar nominations—for Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing—for his work on Joel and Ethan Coen's No Country for Old Men. In 2011, he was nominated in the same categories for the film True Grit.

In 2014, he won the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing for Gravity; he was also nominated in the same category for the film Inside Llewyn Davis that same year, and was also nominated for that same category and for Best Sound Editing for Roma in 2019.

Sound design
Sound design is the art and practice of creating auditory elements of media. It involves specifying, acquiring and creating audio using production techniques and equipment or software. It is employed in a variety of disciplines including filmmaking, television production, video game development, theatre, sound recording and reproduction, live performance, sound art, post-production, radio, new media and musical instrument development. Sound design commonly involves performing (see e.g. Foley) and editing of previously composed or recorded audio, such as sound effects and dialogue for the purposes of the medium, but it can also involve creating sounds from scratch through synthesizers. A sound designer is one who practices sound design.
1900 Katyusha
1900 Katyusha (prov. designation: 1971 YB) is a stony background asteroid from the inner asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 December 1971, by Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula and named in honor of Yekaterina Zelenko, the only woman to credited with conducting an aerial ramming.

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO, observatory code: 095) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of Bakhchysarai, on the Crimean peninsula. CrAO is often called simply by its location and campus name, Crimea–Nauchnij, still ranks among the worldwide most prolific discovery sites for minor planets.

CrAO has also been publishing the Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory since 1947, in English since 1977. The observatory facilities (IAU code 095) are located on territory of settlement of Nauchnyi since the mid-1950s; before that, they were further south, near Simeiz. The latter facilities still see some use, and are referred to as the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory–Simeiz (IAU code 094).