hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.61) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are succinic semialdehyde, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-hydroxybutanoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called gamma-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in butanoate metabolism and the degradation of the neurotransmitter 4-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Butyric acid
Butyric acid (/bjuːˈtɪrɪk/; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. The acid does not occur widely in nature, but its esters are widespread. It is a common industrial chemical and an important component in the mammalian gut.
Thayapola Pillai Noolapola Selai
Thayapola Pillai Noolapola Selai (transl. A child like its mother, a sari like its thread) is a 1959 Indian Tamil-language film written and co-produced by A. P. Nagarajan and directed by K. Somu. The film stars Manohar, and was released on 14 April 1959.

R. S. Manohar
Rasipuram Subramaniyan Iyer Manohar (29 June 1925 – 10 January 2006) was an Indian actor who performed roles ranging from hero to villain to comedic characters. He was born at Namakkal in 1925. He  acted in over 200 films. He is known for his versatility and dominating personality. He is also known as Nadaga Kavalar for his love of stage plays and his undeterred passion in continuing to stage mythological plays almost his entire life.
Opinion polling for the next Maltese general election
In the run up to the next Maltese general election, expected by 2027, various organizations have carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intention in Malta. Results of such polls are displayed in this article.

In the most recent general election, in 2022, the Labour Party won their third consecutive election, and have been in power since 2013.

Opinion poll
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a survey or a poll, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals. A person who conducts polls is referred to as a pollster.
1978 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1978 were appointments by many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen. The announcement date varies, both from year to year and from country to country.

The 1978 Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 3 June for the United Kingdom and Life Peers, Australia, New Zealand, Mauritius, Fiji, The Bahamas, Grenada, and Papua New Guinea.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Gilbert Islands
The Gilbert Islands (Gilbertese: Tungaru; formerly Kingsmill or King's-Mill Islands) are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Papua New Guinea and Hawaii. They constitute the main part of the country of Kiribati (the name of which is a rendering of "Gilberts" in the phonology of the indigenous Gilbertese).
Ouay Ketusingh
Ouay Ketusingh (Thai: อวย เกตุสิงห์, RTGS: Uai Ketsing; 3 September 1908 – 20 December 1990) was a Thai physician, known for shaping medical education at the Siriraj Hospital Faculty of Medicine where he was a professor, applying Buddhist philosophy to medicine, pioneering research and applying modern scientific methods to traditional Thai medicine, establishing the field of sports medicine in Thailand, and various other innovations.

Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาล) is the oldest and largest medical school and the oldest of any kind of university faculty in Thailand. The faculty is now part of Mahidol University. Founded in 1889, the faculty was run in co-operation with Siriraj Hospital, the first public hospital in Thailand, which provides students with clinical experience. The faculty's campus and hospital is in the Bangkok Noi District, Bangkok, on the former Rear Palace. The medical school accepts about 250 students for undergraduate education and more than 100 to postgraduate studies each year.
High Rock Lake Wilderness
The High Rock Lake Wilderness is a wilderness area in Nevada containing the northern portion of the Calico Hills. High Rock Lake, for which the wilderness was named, was created about 11,800 years ago after a large rockslide closed the outlet (Box Canyon) to High Rock and Little High Rock Canyons. This new outlet (Fly Canyon) cut a narrow canyon that empties at Soldier Meadows. One special geological feature in Fly Canyon is the potholes. The potholes were carved by whirlpool action of sand and gravel in the stream. Another unique feature is the Fly Slide where emigrants lowered their wagons with ropes into Fly Canyon portion of the Applegate-Lassen Trail. Elevations in the wilderness range from 4,000 to 7,660 ft (1,220 to 2,330 m) with scattered vegetation of saltbrush and sagebrush.

The wilderness area is managed by the Bureau of Land Management.

Giant's kettle
A giant's kettle, also known as either a giant's cauldron, moulin pothole, or glacial pothole, is a typically large and cylindrical pothole drilled in solid rock underlying a glacier either by water descending down a deep moulin or by gravel rotating in the bed of subglacial meltwater stream. The interiors of potholes tend to be smooth and regular, unlike a plunge pool.
Armando Fresa
Armando Fresa (14 April 1893, Palmi - 23 October 1957) was an Italian politician and Civil Engineer Officer.

He was elected Deputy with the Common Man's Front to the Constituent Assembly in 1946. He served as Secretary of the Common Man's Front until 24 June 1946, when he was replaced by Vincenzo Tieri. In November 1947  he left the party with Emilio Patrissi to join the National Union. He remained a Deputy until 1948.

Constituent Assembly of Italy
The Italian Constituent Assembly (Italian: Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana) was a parliamentary chamber which existed in Italy from 25 June 1946 until 31 January 1948. It was tasked with writing a constitution for the  Italian Republic, which had replaced the Kingdom of Italy after the 1946 Italian institutional referendum.

The assembly was formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the liberation of Italy.
Reinier Camminga
Reinier Camminga (chosen approximately 1300 to 1306) was the ninth potestaat or governor of Friesland now a province of the Netherlands.

Reijner Haijes Camminga  was captain when the Danes made an incursion into Oostergo in 1306 because of disputes with the Frisians.

Occo Scarlensis wrote about a drawn-out battle after which the Danes retreated beyond the Lauwers.  This battle would have been against Eric VI of Denmark.

Eric VI of Denmark
Eric VI Menved (1274 – 13 November 1319) was King of Denmark (1286–1319). A son of King Eric V and Agnes of Brandenburg, he became king in 1286 at age 12, when his father was murdered on 22 November by unknown assailants. On account of his age, his mother ruled for him until 1294.
Morgan Reid
Morgan Nicole Reid Allen (born Morgan Nicole Reid; June 13, 1995) is an American former soccer player who played as a defender. She played college soccer for the Duke Blue Devils and was drafted by the North Carolina Courage in the fourth round of the 2018 NWSL College Draft.

2015 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The 2015 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament (also known as the 2015 Women's College Cup) was the 34th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at WakeMed Soccer Park in Cary, North Carolina from December 4–6, 2015 while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2015. The champion was Penn State, who defeated Duke 1–0 in the final.
Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew!
Captain Carrot and His Amazing Zoo Crew! is a DC Comics series about a team of talking animal superheroes called the Zoo Crew. The characters first appeared in a 16-page special insert in The New Teen Titans #16 (February 1982), followed by a series published from 1982 to 1983. The Zoo Crew characters were created by Roy Thomas and Scott Shaw Although the series, which was the last original funny animal property to be created by DC Comics, proved short-lived, it is still fondly remembered by many comic fans of its generation, and the characters appear occasionally in cameos in the mainstream DC Universe (this is made possible due to the existence of a "multiverse" in the DCU, which allows the Zoo Crew characters to exist on a parallel Earth).

Rona Barrett
Rona Barrett (born Rona Burstein; October 8, 1936) is an American gossip columnist and businesswoman. She runs the Rona Barrett Foundation, a non-profit organization in Santa Ynez, California, dedicated to the aid and support of senior citizens in need.
Ontario Highway 18A
King's Highway 18A, commonly referred to as Highway 18A, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 31.1-kilometre-long (19.3 mi) route began and ended at Highway 18, travelling along the Lake Erie shoreline and through Colchester. It was the southernmost highway to ever exist in Canada, as the only one to travel south of the 42nd parallel. Highway 18A was assumed as a provincial highway in 1938. It was transferred to Essex County in 1978, and has since been known as Essex County Road 50.

42nd parallel north
The 42nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 42 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 15 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 6 minutes during the winter solstice.

The earth's rotational speed at this latitude is roughly equal to the speed of sound.

One minute of longitude along the 42nd parallel is approximately 0.7456 nautical miles (0.8580 mi; 1.381 km).
Branislav Jovanović (politician)
Branislav Jovanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранислав Јовановић; born 23 November 1955) is a politician in Serbia. He served in the National Assembly of Serbia from 2007 to 2013 as a member of G17 Plus and the United Regions of Serbia. He also served in the Yugoslavian Federal Assembly and held prominent municipal office in Niš.

G17 Plus
G17 Plus was a centre-right political party in Serbia. Founded as a non-governmental organization dealing with economic issues, in 2002 it transformed into a political party that became part of several ruling coalition governments in Serbia throughout the 2000s and early 2010s. In 2013, it merged into United Regions of Serbia.
Kjetil Norland
Kjetil Norland (born 20 April 1978) is a retired Norwegian football striker.

He got one Norwegian Premier League game for SK Brann in 2000. In the second half of the 2001 season he was loaned out to Nest-Sotra. After the season, he joined Nest-Sotra permanently. He later joined Sandnes Ulf, and was a top goalscorer at the club. Ahead of the 2007 season he joined IL Havørn. He left halfway in the 2008 season. He resides in Florvåg.

2000 Tippeligaen
The 2000 Tippeligaen was the 56th completed season of top division football in Norway.

Each team played 26 games with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number thirteen and fourteen are relegated, number twelve has to play two qualification matches (home and away) against number three in the first division (where number one and two are directly promoted) for the last spot.
Fred Berner
Fred Berner (born March 6, 1953) is an American producer and director, best known for producing Maestro, Pollock, and Vanya on 42nd Street, and for directing and producing hundreds of hours of television, including on Law & Order.

3 Backyards
3 Backyards is a 2010 American independent drama film written and directed by Eric Mendelsohn and starring Embeth Davidtz, Edie Falco, and Elias Koteas. It premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Directing Prize, as did Mendelsohn's first feature, Judy Berlin; Mendelsohn is the only director to have won the prize twice.

The film was released theatrically by Screen Media Films on March 11, 2011.
Wu Shao-hsuan
Wu Shao-hsuan (born 25 November 1997) is a Taiwanese slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2013, specializing in K1 and kayak cross.

He competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics, finishing 23rd in both the K1 event and kayak cross.

Canoeing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom K-1
The men's K-1 slalom canoeing event at the 2024 Summer Olympics will take place on 30 July and 1 August 2024 at the National Olympic Nautical Stadium of Île-de-France in Vaires-sur-Marne.

Jiří Prskavec was the defending 2020 Olympic champion, but he was placed eighth.
Steve Willis (pastor)
Steve Willis is a Baptist pastor in the United States and national health activist. 
He was described as the "Apostle of Health" by Charisma magazine, and is best known nationally for his efforts to curb childhood obesity, as well as for his role on ABC Television's Emmy award winning series Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution. He is currently the Senior Pastor of the One Church Network, and the lead teaching pastor of their Calvary campus in Murfreesboro, TN.

Childhood obesity
Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or well-being. As methods to determine body fat directly are difficult, the diagnosis of obesity is often based on BMI. Due to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern. The term overweight rather than obese is often used when discussing childhood obesity, as it is less stigmatizing, although the term overweight can also refer to a different BMI category. The prevalence of childhood obesity is known to differ by sex and gender.
Zonca (cycling team)
Zonca was an Italian professional cycling team that existed from 1970 to 1979. It was founded by brothers Maffeo, Luigi and Giorgio Zonca.

The team was selected to race in eight editions of the Giro d'Italia, where they achieved four stage wins.

Pierino Gavazzi
Pierino Gavazzi (born 4 December 1950 in Provaglio d'Iseo) is an Italian former road bicycle racer, who was professional from 1973 to 1993. He rode in the 1975 Tour de France and 1976 Tour de France, as well as in seventeen editions of the Giro d'Italia, winning four total stages. He also won the 1980 Milan–San Remo.
Rondout Valley High School
Rondout Valley High School (RVHS) is a public high school located in Accord, New York, United States. Operated by the Rondout Valley School District, the school serves 9th through 12th graders from Marbletown, Rosendale, and Kerhonkson. The high school, which shares its campus with Rondout Valley Middle School, was constructed in 1959. Prior to its opening, high school students in the area attended Kerhonkson High School (now Kerhonkson Elementary School).

Rosendale, New York
Rosendale is a town in the center of Ulster County, New York, United States. It once contained a village Rosendale, primarily centered around Main Street, but which was dissolved through vote in 1977. The population was 5,782 at the 2020 census.
Great Wall Station (Antarctica)
The Great Wall Station (Chinese: 长城站; pinyin: Chángchéng zhàn) is the first Chinese research station in Antarctica and opened on 20 February 1985. It lies on the Fildes Peninsula on King George Island, 960 kilometres (600 mi) from Cape Horn. It is sited on ice-free rock, about 10 metres (33 ft) above sea level.

The station is about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the Chilean Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva. A 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long unpaved road, Zhongzhi Gonglu, provides convenient vehicle access from the station to Frei, Teniente Rodolfo Marsh Martin Airport and Bellingshausen Station. The station collaborates with logistical support and sharing of facilities with other nearby stations from Chile, Russia, Uruguay, Korea and Brazil.

Unpaved road
An unpaved road is a type of road whose surface has not been sealed with a pavement treatment, such as concrete or bitumen. An unpaved road can be a dirt road, whose surface is the native material of the land surface (known as subgrade material), or it could be a gravel road, where the subgrade material has been covered by gravel but not sealed. There are approximately 13 million km (8.1 million mi) of unpaved road in the world, making up 57% of the total road length.
MiGFlug
MiGFlug GmbH is a Zurich, Switzerland-based Aviation and Space Adventure company specialized in fighter jet flights. The company was founded in 2004 by current CEO Philipp Schaer and a business partner. As of 2025, offerings mainly included military jet trainer flights, historic fighter jet flights, and zero gravity flights, while in the past, MiGFlug also offered supersonic flights, edge of space flights, and suborbital space flights.

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-23; NATO reporting name: Flogger) is a single-engined, supersonic, variable-geometry fighter aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau in the Soviet Union. It is a third-generation jet fighter, alongside similar Soviet aircraft such as the Su-17 "Fitter". It was the first Soviet fighter to field a look-down/shoot-down radar, the RP-23 Sapfir, and one of the first to be armed with beyond-visual-range missiles. Production started in 1969 and reached large numbers with over 5,000 aircraft built, making it the most produced variable-sweep wing aircraft in history. The MiG-23 remains in limited service with some export customers.

The basic design was also used as the basis for the Mikoyan MiG-27, a dedicated ground-attack variant. Among many minor changes, the MiG-27 replaced the MiG-23's nose-mounted radar system with an optical panel holding a laser designator and a TV camera.
Frank Charles McGee
Frank Charles McGee, PC (3 March 1926 – 4 April 1999) was a Canadian businessman, member of parliament, and, briefly, a Cabinet minister in the government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker.

McGee had a family history of public service. Both of his grandfathers held positions; John Joseph McGee as Clerk of the Privy Council from 1882 to 1907, and his maternal grandfather, Charles McCool, served as an MP. Frank McGee was also a grandnephew of Father of Confederation and member of parliament, Thomas D'Arcy McGee.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
Ajax Icefall
Ajax Icefall' (62°4′S 58°23′W﻿ / ﻿62.067°S 58.383°W﻿ / -62.067; -58.383) is an icefall between Stenhouse Bluff and Ullmann Spur at the head of Visca Anchorage, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Charted by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot in 1908–10. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 for HMS Ajax, which assisted in the search for a boat crew from the Discovery II, missing on King George Island in January 1937.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot
Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).
As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
1880s
The 1880s (pronounced "eighteen-eighties") was the decade that began on January 1, 1880, and ended on December 31, 1889.

The period was characterized in general by economic growth and prosperity in many parts of the world, especially Europe and the Americas, with the emergence of modern cities signified by the foundation of many long-lived corporations, franchises, and brands and the introduction of the skyscraper. The decade was a part of the Gilded Age (1874–1907) in the United States, the Victorian Era in the British Empire and the Belle Époque in France. It also occurred at the height of the Second Industrial Revolution and saw numerous developments in science and a sudden proliferation of electrical technologies, particularly in mass transit and telecommunications.

The last living person from this decade, María Capovilla, died in 2006.

Prosperity
Prosperity is the  flourishing, thriving, good fortune and successful social status. Prosperity often produces profuse wealth including other factors which can be profusely wealthy in all degrees, such as happiness and health.
Zunyi Bridge
Zunyi Bridge is a 461-metre-long (1,512 ft) bridge in Wujiangzhen, Zunyi County, Guizhou, China. The bridge forms part of China National Highway 210 between Zunyi and Guiyang. The bridge was opened in 1997 and spans 288 metres (945 ft) over the Wu River. The design is an unusual hybrid of both cable-stayed and suspension bridges.

Zunyi
Zunyi (simplified Chinese: 遵义; traditional Chinese: 遵義; pinyin: Zūnyì) is a prefecture-level city in northern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, situated between the provincial capital Guiyang to the south and Chongqing to the north, also bordering Sichuan to the northwest. Along with Guiyang and Liupanshui, it is one of the most important cities of the province. The metro area is made of three urban districts of the city, Huichuan, Honghuagang, and Bozhou, had a population of 2,360,549 people. The whole prefecture, including 14 county-level administration area as a whole, had a population of 6,606,675 at the 2020 census.

Zunyi is known for being the location  of the Zunyi Conference in 1935, where Mao Zedong was first elected to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party during the Long March.