hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assawoman Bay Bridge
The Assawoman Bay Bridge is a bridge that crosses the Assawoman Bay in Ocean City, Maryland.  The bridge carries Maryland Route 90, a freeway, into northern Ocean City, Maryland.  The bridge consists of two lanes and is undivided, but it is heavily travelled. In the summer, it is usually congested with traffic heading into and out of Ocean City, especially on Fridays and Sundays.  It ends in North Ocean City at Maryland Route 528 (Coastal Highway) and 62nd Street.

Assawoman Bay
Assawoman Bay (locally /ˈæsəwʊmən/), once called Assawoman Sound, is a lagoon that is located between Ocean City, Maryland and mainland Delmarva. The bay is located on the northern end of the city, and the bay on the southern end is called the Isle of Wight Bay. The name "Assawoman Bay" comes from the Algonquian meaning "midway fishing stream".

Another bay called Little Assawoman Bay extends into southern Delaware, and is geologically separated from the main estuaries, by a narrow strait locally referred to as "The Ditch" which crosses the Transpeninsular Line. The larger bay is sometimes called "Big Assawoman Bay", to distinguish it from the smaller bay, though this is often meant to be a tongue-in-cheek rendering of the name.

The health of the bay is impacted by urban development of the surrounding watershed, in Delaware and Ocean City. The bay is known for its recreational activities, notably for anglers.
Vääksy
Vääksy (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋæːksy]) is a village and seat of the municipality of Asikkala in southern Finland. It is located on an isthmus between Päijänne and Vesijärvi, about 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Lahti.

The Vääksy canal, Vesijärven kanava, is located in Vääksy. Its length is 1,315 m and the height difference is 3.10±0.25 metres. Nowadays it is the most popular freshwater canal in Finland.

The canal was built during the great hunger years in 1869-71 and completed in 1903–06.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Helen Riehle
Helen Riehle is an American politician from the state of Vermont who served as a U.S. Republican Party member of the Vermont Senate, representing all of Chittenden County except for the town of Colchester. She is chair of the South Burlington City Council and resides in that city. Having previously served in both the State House and Senate, she was appointed by Governor Peter Shumlin in March 2016 to succeed Diane Snelling, who had earlier resigned.

Colchester, Vermont
Colchester is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of Colchester was 17,524. It is the third-most populous municipality and most populous town in the state of Vermont. Colchester borders Burlington, Vermont's most populous municipality and is part of its metropolitan area. The town is directly to Burlington's north on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, to the west of the Green Mountains. The Vermont National Guard is based in the town, and it is also home to Saint Michael's College and the Vermont campus of Southern New Hampshire University.
Ḥayyim Asahel
Ḥayyim Asahel (Hebrew: חיים עשאל; d. before 1746) was a rabbi and author who lived in Salonica during the first half of the eighteenth century.

He was the son of Benjamin Asahel, the chief rabbi of that city. Ḥayyim Asahel was the author of a Hebrew work entitled Sam ḥayyai (Hebrew: סם חיי) ('Spice of My Life'), a collection of addresses and responsa, which was published after his death by his son Benjamin (Salonica, 1746). He lived for some years at Jerusalem, and was commissioned to collect subscriptions throughout Asia Minor for the poor of Palestine. He died at Smyrna while on this mission.

Responsa
Responsa (plural of Latin responsum, 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by legal scholars in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars in historic religious law.
Stephen J. Shoemaker
Stephen J. Shoemaker is an American scholar, specialising in ancient and early medieval Christianity and early Islam. He serves as a professor of religious studies at the University of Oregon. His work has focused on early devotion to the Virgin Mary, Christian Apocrypha and formative Islam and its relationship with Near Eastern Christianity. Shoemaker received his Ph.D. from Duke University in religious studies.

New Testament apocrypha
The New Testament apocrypha (singular apocryphon) are a number of writings by early Christians that give accounts of Jesus and his teachings, the nature of God, or the teachings of his apostles and of their lives. Some of these writings were cited as scripture by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the 27 books of the modern canon. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches generally do not view the New Testament apocrypha as part of the Bible.
Claude Hotchin
Sir Claude Hotchin OBE (7 March 1898 – 3 June 1977) was a businessman and art dealer, patron and benefactor in Western Australia. He is remembered for his support for Australian painters and Western Australian (especially regional) art galleries.

Middle Swan, Western Australia
Middle Swan is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, and forms part of the City of Swan local government area. The suburb is bordered to the west by the Swan River. The suburb is most notable for its various wineries, including Nikola Estate that was once known as Houghton and Sandalford. It also has the Midland brickworks within its boundaries, as well as an accommodation facility (Swanleigh Residential College, which closed in 2010) for country students attending the Governor Stirling Senior High School and Swan Christian College.
RAF High G Training and Test Facility
The RAF High G Training and Test Facility was opened on 4 February 2019 at RAF College Cranwell to provide high-G training to Royal Air Force and Royal Navy fast jet pilots.

The facility was created by Thales UK in collaboration with the RAF.

Thales Group
Thales S.A., trading as Thales Group (French pronunciation: [talɛs]), is a French multinational aerospace and defence corporation specialising in electronics.

It designs, develops and manufactures a wide variety of aerospace and military systems, devices and equipment but also operates in the cybersecurity and formerly civil ground transportation sectors. The company is headquartered in Paris' business district, La Défense, and its stock is listed on Euronext Paris.

Founded as Thomson-CSF in 1968, the group was rebranded Thales in 2000 due to the company's desire to simplify and improve the group's brand.

Thales is partially owned by the French state and operates in more than 68 countries. In 2023, the company generated €18,42 billion in revenue and was the 17th largest defence contractor in the world, with 53% of its total revenue generated from its military activities.
Johannisnacht, Mainz
The Johannisnacht (St. John's Night) was celebrated in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, first in 1968 in its extended form. Besides Mainz carnival and Weinmarkt it is one of three big Volksfest events in Mainz. The feast was initiated to commemorate the Johannes Gutenberg who died 500 years before  and to improve the image of Mainz as a town of the art of printing. The Johannisnacht takes place annually during four days around Johannistag (St. John's Day, 24 June). It is attended by more than 500,000 people each year.

Volksfest
A Volksfest (pronounced [ˈfɔlks.fɛst] listenⓘ; German for "people's festival") is a large event in German-speaking countries which usually combines a beer festival or wine festival and a travelling funfair. Attractions may include amusement rides, games of chance and skill, and food and merchandise vendors.

When there is a beer festival, it is common to build one or more beer tents (Festzelte), usually sponsored by a brewery, and set up beer gardens where it is possible to order traditional food and try the Festbier (beer specially brewed for the season). A large beer tent will have hundreds of wooden benches with a seating capacity in the thousands and offer live music, being a favourite place for patrons to spend the evening. The Oktoberfest is the world's biggest Volksfest and occurs yearly in Munich, Bavaria.
1924 UCI Road World Championships
The 1924 UCI Road World Championships was the fourth edition of the UCI Road World Championships. The championship took place in Versailles, France on Saturday 2 August 1924 and consisted of 1 race for amateur cyclists.

In the same period, the 1924 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was organized in the Parc des Princes in Paris.

UCI Road World Championships
The UCI Road World Championships are the annual world championships for bicycle road racing organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The UCI Road World Championships consist of events for road race and individual time trial, and as of 2019, a mixed team relay.
Oh! Susanna
"Oh! Susanna" is a folk song by Stephen Foster (1826–1864), first published in 1848. It is among the most popular American songs ever written. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

Western Writers of America
Western Writers of America (WWA), founded 1953, promotes literature, both fictional and nonfictional, pertaining to the American West. Although its founders wrote traditional Western fiction, the more than 600 current members also include historians and other nonfiction writers, as well as authors from other genres.

WWA was founded by six authors, including D. B. Newton. It publishes the magazine Roundup.
Jason Williams (cricketer)
Jason Lester Williams (born 5 September 1976) is a former Kittitian cricketer who played for the Leeward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He was a wicket-keeper who batted right-handed.

Williams made his first-class debut for the Leeward Islands in January 1999, playing against Jamaica in the 1998–99 Busta Cup. He continued to make irregular appearances for the team into the mid-2000s, with his last matches for the team coming in the 2006–07 KFC Cup. Beginning with the 2001–02 Red Stripe Bowl, Williams played three seasons as the wicket-keeper for the Rest of Leeward Islands side that competed during Antigua and Barbuda's period as a separate team. His highest score for the Leewards was 42, made against the Windward Islands in the 2003–04 Carib Beer Cup. In 2006, Williams also played a match for Saint Kitts in the Stanford 20/20, against Nevis.

Nevis cricket team
The Nevis cricket team is the representative team of the Caribbean island of Nevis. The team is organised by the Nevis Cricket Association (NCA) which is a member of the Leeward Islands Cricket Association (LICA), in turn an affiliate of Cricket West Indies.

Players from Nevis represent the Leeward Islands cricket team in West Indian domestic cricket and the West Indies cricket team in international cricket. Nevis is the smaller island in the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis – both islands field separate teams.
1892 Sack of Salaga
The 1892 Sack of Salaga was a Gonja civil war for the control of the town of Salaga that occurred on December 5, 1892. A rebellion led by Kabachewura Isifa and assisted by his Dagomba and Nanumba allies overthrew Kpembewura Napo who died in exile in the same year.

Yaa Naa Andani, the King of Dagbon at that time was against the disruption in the region, and sent a strongly worded letter to the incumbent Kpembewura Isanwurfo in 1894 to quell the internecine struggles to avoid further hurting trade in the slave market. The war led to a mass exodus of mostly Zongo people out of the region, significantly depleting its population and giving birth to a wave of Islamic proselytizing in the forest areas of modern Ghana.

Nanumba South District
Nanumba South District is one of the sixteen districts in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Nanumba District in 1988, until the southern part of the district was split to off to create Nanumba South District on 27 August 2004; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Nanumba North District (which it was later elevated to municipal district assembly status to become Nanumba North Municipal District on 15 March 2018). The district assembly is located in the eastern part of Eastern Region and has Wulensi as its capital town.
Josef Rejfíř
Josef Rejfiř (22 September 1909 – 4 May 1962) was one of Czechoslovakia's strongest chess players before World War II.

Rejfiř represented Czechoslovakia at all five Chess Olympiads from 1928 to 1935.
He retired from chess for many years, but returned in the last decade of his life to play in the 1956 and 1958 Olympiads.

Rejfiř received the International Master title in 1956.

He died of a heart attack in Prague, the city of his birth.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Rodolfo Llopis
Rodolfo Llopis Ferrándiz (27 February 1895, Callosa d'En Sarrià, Alicante, Spain – 22 July 1983, Albi, France) was a Spanish socialist politician. He was the General Secretary of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party in exile from 1944 to 1974.

In 1947 he succeeded José Giral as prime minister of the Spanish Republican government in exile. Álvaro de Albornoz y Liminiana succeeded him the same year. Prior to this, from 1931 to 1936, he was a Deputy representing Alicante and briefly Madrid.

During the period of the Spanish Second Republic, Llopis was heavily involved with primary education reforms. His achievements in this role were great and this, combined with his dapper appearance and youth, earned him the title of "the Rudolph Valentino of pedagogy."

Albi
Albi (French pronunciation: [albi] ⓘ; Occitan: Albi [ˈalβi]) is a commune in southern France. It is the prefecture of the Tarn department, on the river Tarn, 85 km northeast of Toulouse. Its inhabitants are called Albigensians (French: Albigeois, Albigeoise(s), Occitan: albigés -esa(s)). It is the seat of the Archbishop of Albi.

The episcopal city, around the Cathedral Sainte-Cécile, was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2010 for its unique architecture. The site includes the Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, dedicated to the artist who was born in Albi.
The Letter That Johnny Walker Read
"The Letter That Johnny Walker Read" is a song written and recorded by the American country music band Asleep at the Wheel. It was released in August 1975 as the lead single from their album Texas Gold. The song's title is a reference to  the Johnnie Walker "Red Label" Scotch whisky. It was their highest-charting single, reaching number 10 on the Hot Country Singles charts in 1975. It was featured on the country radio station K-Rose in the 2004 cross-platform video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. The band re-recorded the song with Lee Ann Womack for their 2021 album Half a Hundred Years.

Johnnie Walker
Johnnie Walker is a brand of Scotch whisky produced by Diageo in Scotland. It was established in the Scottish burgh of Kilmarnock in 1820, and continued to be produced and bottled at the town's Hill Street plant, once the world's largest bottling plant, until its closure in 2012, a decision announced by Diageo in 2009 which would bring the 190-year association between the brand and Kilmarnock to an end.

The brand was first established by grocer John Walker, a native of Kilmarnock, who originally established the business as a grocery shop in 1820, with his son Alexander "Alec" Walker and grandson Alexander Walker II, being largely responsible for establishing the whisky as a favoured brand. It is the world's highest selling Scotch whisky, sold in almost every country, with annual sales of the equivalent of over 223.7 million 700 mL (25 imp fl oz; 24 US fl oz) bottles in 2016 or 156,600,000 L (34,400,000 imp gal; 41,400,000 US gal).
SeqA protein
In molecular biology the SeqA protein is found in bacteria and archaea. The function of this protein is highly important in DNA replication. The protein negatively regulates the initiation of DNA replication at the origin of replication, in Escherichia coli, OriC. Additionally the protein plays a further role in sequestration. The importance of this protein is vital, without its help in DNA replication, cell division and other crucial processes could not occur. This protein domain is thought to be part of a much larger protein complex which includes other proteins such as SeqB.

Alpha helix
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids.

The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid that is four residues earlier in the protein sequence.
Grahamstown Dam
Grahamstown Dam is a major off-stream earthfill Embankment dam with a controlled labyrinth spillway and baffle chute that stores water from the Williams River. The dam is located north of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. The dam's main purpose is water supply; it provides about 40 per cent of the potable water for the Hunter Region; and is its largest drinking water supply dam.

The impounded reservoir is called Grahamstown Lake or the Grahamstown Storage Reservoir.

Off-stream reservoir
An off-stream reservoir is a reservoir that is not located along a river and is instead supplied by a pipeline, aqueduct or an adjacent river. This design has the advantage of limiting the reservoir's ecological impact.

The San Luis Reservoir is the largest off-stream reservoir in the United States. Although it is located on a small stream, it gets the vast majority of its water from the California Aqueduct by pumping aqueduct water up-hill to the reservoir.

The Sites Reservoir is a planned off-stream reservoir in California.
Hidden-surface determination
In 3D computer graphics, hidden-surface determination (also known as shown-surface determination, hidden-surface removal (HSR), occlusion culling (OC) or visible-surface determination (VSD)) is the process of identifying what surfaces and parts of surfaces can be seen from a particular viewing angle. A hidden-surface determination algorithm is a solution to the visibility problem, which was one of the first major problems in the field of 3D computer graphics. The process of hidden-surface determination is sometimes called hiding, and such an algorithm is sometimes called a hider. When referring to line rendering it is known as hidden-line removal. Hidden-surface determination is necessary to render a scene correctly, so that one may not view features hidden behind the model itself, allowing only the naturally viewable portion of the graphic to be visible.

Computer representation of surfaces
In technical applications of 3D computer graphics (CAx) such as computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing, surfaces are one way of representing objects.  The other ways are wireframe (lines and curves) and solids.  Point clouds are also sometimes used as temporary ways to represent an object, with the goal of using the points to create one or more of the three permanent representations.
USS Little Rebel
Little Rebel was a cotton-clad ram that had been converted from a Mississippi River steamer to serve as the flagship of the Confederate River Defense Fleet in the American Civil War. Sent from New Orleans to defend against the Federal descent of the Mississippi, she was among the force that engaged vessels of the Union Army's Western Gunboat Flotilla at the Battle of Plum Point Bend on May 10, 1862. On June 6, she again was involved in an action with the Federal gunboats, this time at the First Battle of Memphis. In the battle, a shot from a Federal gun pierced her boiler, disabling her, and she was then pushed aground by the Federal ram USS Monarch and captured.

Subsequently, repaired and taken into the Union Navy, she served through the remainder of the war, seeing only limited action. After the war, she was deemed surplus by the Navy Department. Sold, she reentered the merchant service, where she remained until 1874.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Tom Smith (Arizona politician)
Thomas C. Smith (March 16, 1927 – May 25, 2014) was a member of both the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives. He served in the House from January 1993 until January 1999, and in the Senate from January 1999 through January 2003. He was first elected to the House in November 1992, representing District 26,: viii–ix  and was re-elected in 1994 and 1996.: vii : vii  In 1998 he ran for the State Senate from the same district, and won.: vii  He was re-elected in 2000.: vii  He did not run for re-election in 2002.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
John Price House
The John Price House, also known as the Price Anniversary House, is a historic house in Pismo Beach, California. Built from 1893 to 1894 for city founder John Michael Price, the house is the oldest building in Pismo Beach. The two-story house was designed in a vernacular style. The house's design exhibits Victorian influences and includes a gable roof which originally had ornamental cresting, a porch with decorative woodwork, and decorative window sills. Price, who had purchased the ranch site in 1852, built the house as an anniversary present for his wife. Price lived in the house until his death in 1902.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 3, 1988.

Gable roof
A gable roof is a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge. The most common roof shape in cold or temperate climates, it is constructed of rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of a gable roof can vary greatly.