hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Contell Glacier
Contell Glacier is 1.2 nmi (2 km; 1 mi) long and 0.4 nautical miles (0.74 km; 0.46 mi) wide glacier on Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica bounded by Atlantic Club Ridge to the northwest, Krum Rock to the north, Balkan Snowfield to the northeast, and Charrúa Ridge and Charrúa Gap to the south.  It is crescent-shaped, running northwestwards in its upper course, then between Charrúa Ridge and Krum Rock turning west-southwestwards to flow into South Bay north of Johnsons Dock.

The feature was first named on a 1988 Spanish chart as Glaciar Contell.

Hurd Peninsula
Hurd Peninsula lies between South Bay and False Bay on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The Spanish Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base and the Bulgarian St. Kliment Ohridski Base are situated on its west coast.

The peninsula was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Captain Thomas Hurd, Royal Navy, the second Hydrographer to the British Admiralty, 1808–23, who instituted a regular system of nautical surveys, and under whose authority Lieutenant Edward Bransfield's 1820 survey of the Bransfield Strait area was published in November 1822.
Bucksbaum
Bucksbaum is a German surname meaning box tree. Notable people with the surname include:

John Bucksbaum (born c. 1957), American businessman

Martin Bucksbaum (c. 1920–1995), American businessman

Matthew Bucksbaum (1926–2013), American businessman

Melva Bucksbaum (1933–2015), American art collector, curator and patron of the arts

Philip H. Bucksbaum (born 1953), American physicist

Martin Bucksbaum
Martin Bucksbaum (July 31, 1920 – July 7, 1995) was an American businessman. He was the chairman and chief executive officer of GGP Inc., a publicly traded real estate investment trust that invests in shopping centers.
Hundred of Willunga
The Hundred of Willunga is a cadastral unit of hundred covering the extreme south suburbs of the Adelaide metropolitan area. It is one of the eleven hundreds of the County of Adelaide. It was named in 1846 by Governor Frederick Robe probably deriving from a Kaurna/Ngarrindjeri place label willannga, meaning place of green trees.

The hundred is bounded on the north by the Onkaparinga River and includes part of the McLaren Vale wine region.  The bounds of the Hundred of Willunga span the southern half of the contemporary City of Onkaparinga local government area, including localities south of the Onkaparinga and west of Kangarilla and Kuitpo.

Ngarrindjeri language
Ngarrindjeri, also written Narrinyeri, Ngarinyeri and other variants, is the language of the Ngarrindjeri and related peoples of southern South Australia. Five dialects have been distinguished by a 2002 study: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi (or Yaralde Tingar).

Ngarrindjerri is Pama–Nyungan. McDonald (2002) distinguishes five dialects: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi. Bowern (2011) lists the Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, and Ramindjeri varieties as separate languages.

Tanganekald, also known as Thangal, is now extinct.
C. Daniel Clemente
C. Daniel Clemente (born October 14, 1936) is an American attorney, business executive, and consultant. He is the founder and CEO of Clemente Development Company, Inc., a real estate property management and development company based in Tysons Corner, Virginia. Clemente is a noted expert on real estate bankruptcy and corporate liquidation and has served as a court-appointed Receiver and Trustee for numerous companies.  He is the former chair of the Board of Visitors for George Mason University, holding the position from July 2012 through June 2014. He currently serves on the board of directors for the Virginia Economic Development Partnership.

Springfield, Virginia
Springfield is an unincorporated community in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The common definition of Springfield is the four ZIP codes that use Springfield in their mailing addresses (22150, 22151, 22152, 22153). Together, they had a population of 108,621 as of the 2020 Census. (This should not be confused with the narrowly-defined Springfield census-designated place with a population of 31,339.) Springfield is a part of Northern Virginia, the most populous region of the Washington Metropolitan Area.
Bahuchara Mata
Bahuchara Mata (Hindi: बहुचरा माता, romanized: Bahucarā Mātā; Gujarati: બહુચર માતા, romanized: Bahucara Mātā) is a Hindu goddess of chastity and fertility in her maiden aspect, of the incarnation of the Hinglaj. The goddess grants favours, especially to male children, and cures diseases. Like other divinities in Gujarat and Rajasthan, Bahuchara is of Charan origin. She is also considered the patroness of the hijra community. Her primary temple is located in Becharaji town in Mehsana district of Gujarat, India.

Koli people
The Koli people are an agriculturist caste of India, mostly found in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a criminal tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian government because of their anti-social activities; but during World War I, Kolis were recognised as a martial caste by British Indian Empire. Kolis of Gujarat were well-known pirates of Arabian Sea.

The Kolis form the largest caste cluster in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, comprising 24% and 30% of the total population in those states, respectively.
Anytime with Bob Kushell
Anytime with Bob Kushell was a five-minute talk show produced for Sony Pictures Television and their online streaming service Crackle.  The show consists of a single monologue joke, a field-piece/desk bit, and a celebrity interview.  It is hosted by Emmy-nominated writer Bob Kushell, who co-created the series with Russell Arch, who also directed all of the episodes. The show features a "house band" consisting of members from The Four Postmen, as well as writer Ron Rappaport.

Anytime with Bob Kushell was conceived after Kushell and Arch produced a popular video entitled The Strike, Your Marriage, and You and a behind-the-scenes "sequel" The Healing during the 2008 Writers Guild of America Strike.

Two "pilots" were produced in April 2008, and subsequently sold a 26 episode season that aired between December 2008 and June 2009.

The show was taped in Kushell's actual garage in Van Nuys, California.

Crackle (service)
Crackle was an American-based video streaming service. It was founded in 2004 as Grouper, before the service was purchased by Sony Pictures in 2006 and renamed Crackle. In 2018, the name was changed to Sony Crackle. Sony sold a majority stake to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment in March 2019, and the name was changed back to Crackle. In July 2024, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment was placed in Chapter 7 liquidation, which entailed a liquidation of the company's assets and the cessation of its subsidiaries, including Crackle; while all other subsidiaries were closed, the Chapter 7 trustee kept the Crackle website operating for the United States until June 2025.
1981 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1981 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 11th edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 20 September 1981 in Gornja Radgona in the Slovenia, which was Yugoslavia at the time.

The world title was won by Michael Lee of England. Ivan Mauger crashed in heat 7 and was taken to hospital.

Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme
The International Motorcycling Federation (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) or (FIM) is the global governing/sanctioning body of motorcycle racing. It represents 123 national motorcycle federations that are divided into six continental unions.

There are ten motorcycle-racing disciplines that FIM covers, encompassing 62 international championships as well as 188 secondary championships of circuit racing, enduro, Speedway Racing, Trials, Off-Roading, Motorcross, Supercross, Sno-Cross, Sidecars, and E-Bikes. FIM is also involved in many non-racing activities that promote the sport, its safety, and support relevant public policy. The FIM is also the first international sporting federation to publish an Environmental Code, in 1994. In 2007, a Commission for Women in Motorcycling was created by the FIM in order to promote the use of powered two-wheelers and the motorcycle sport among women.
Torreya clarnensis
Torreya clarnensis is an extinct species of conifer in the yew family Taxaceae solely known from the middle Eocene sediments exposed in north central Oregon.  The species was first described from a series of isolated fossil seeds in chert.

Yew
Yew is a common name given to various species of trees.

It is most prominently given to any of various coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Taxus:

European yew or common yew (Taxus baccata)

Pacific yew or western yew (Taxus brevifolia)

Canadian yew (Taxus canadensis)

Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis)

Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)

Florida yew (Taxus floridana)

Mexican yew (Taxus globosa)

Sumatran yew (Taxus sumatrana)

Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana)

†Taxus masonii (Eocene fossil yew)

It is also used for any of various coniferous plants in the families Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae:

White-berry yew (Pseudotaxus chienii)

New Caledonian yew or southern yew (Austrotaxus spicata)

Catkin-yew (Amentotaxus sp.)

Plum-yew (Cephalotaxus sp.)

Various coniferous plants in the family Podocarpaceae, superficially similar to other yews, are also known by this name:

Prince Albert's yew (Saxegothaea conspicua)

Plum-yew (Prumnopitys sp.)
Rostam Mirlashari
Rostam Mirlashari (Persian: رستم میرلاشاری; born 22 January 1961 in Zahedan, Iran) is a Baloch singer from Iran, based in Sweden. He makes songs in Balochi, Kurdish, Persian, and some other Iranian languages.

Zahedan
Zahedan (Balochi and Persian: زاهدانⓘ; [zɒːheˈd̪ɒːn]) is a city in the Central District of Zahedan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is near the borderlands between Iran and Pakistan in an area inhabited by Baloch people.
Tuckerman Brewing Company
Tuckerman Brewing Company is a brewery in Conway, New Hampshire, USA.  Named after the nearby Tuckerman Ravine, the brewery currently produces three year round beers, the self-named pale ale, an Altbier, and the 6288 Stout. A portion of the proceeds from the sale of the stout go to support the Mount Washington Observatory, which sits 6,288 feet (1,917 m) above sea level on Mount Washington.

Stout
Stout is a type of dark beer that is generally warm fermented, such as dry stout, oatmeal stout, milk stout and imperial stout.

The first known use of the word "stout" for beer is in a document dated 1677 in the Egerton Manuscripts, referring to its strength. Porters were brewed to a variety of strengths, with the stronger beers called "stout porters". The history and development of stout and porter are thus intertwined.
Hwang Liang-hua
Hwang Liang-hua (Chinese: 黃良華) is a Taiwanese businessman and politician.

Hwang graduated from Chinese Culture University.

Hwang led the taishang business association in Foshan, and was seated to the Legislative Yuan on 12 July 2007, after the resignation of Tsao Shou-min. As a legislator, Hwang led a group of taishang supportive of Ma Ying-jeou's 2008 presidential campaign, and advocated for a reduction of restrictions on Taiwanese investments in China.

Taishang
Taishang (Chinese: 臺商; pinyin: Tái Shāng) are Taiwanese businesspeople operating in mainland China. The tai part of the term stands for Taiwan, and the shang part stands for business or businessperson. There are no official statistics on the number of Taishang working in mainland China. Unofficial estimates circulating in 2011 suggested that between 1 million and 3 million Taiwanese nationals (including family members) lived in mainland China.
Ancient Egyptian agriculture
The civilization of ancient Egypt was indebted to the Nile River  and its dependable seasonal flooding. The river's predictability and fertile soil allowed the Egyptians to build an empire on the basis of great agricultural wealth. Egyptians are credited as being one of the first groups of people to practice agriculture on a large scale. This was possible because of the ingenuity of the Egyptians as they developed basin irrigation.  Their farming practices allowed them to grow staple food crops, especially grains such as wheat and barley, and industrial crops, such as flax and papyrus.

Emmer
Emmer is a hybrid species of wheat. Along with einkorn, it was one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East. It was widely cultivated in the ancient world, but is now a relict crop in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. Emmer is one of the three grains called farro in Italy.

The edible seeds have been used as food since ancient times. The domesticated types are Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and T. t. conv. durum. The wild plant is called T. t. subsp. dicoccoides. The seeds have an awned covering, the sharp spikes helping the seeds to become buried in the ground. The principal difference between the wild and the domestic forms is that the ripened seed head of the wild plant shatters and scatters the seed onto the ground, while in the domesticated emmer, the seed head remains intact, thus making it easier to harvest the grain.
Döllersheim
Döllersheim is an abandoned village in the Austrian state of Lower Austria, located in the rural Waldviertel region about 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Vienna. It was evacuated in 1938 to make way for a Wehrmacht training ground. Since 1 January 1964 it has been a Katastralgemeinde of the Pölla municipality in the Zwettl District.

Abandoned village
An abandoned village is a village that has, for some reason, been deserted. In many countries, and throughout history, thousands of villages have been deserted for a variety of causes. Abandonment of villages is often related to epidemic, famine, war, climate change, economic depressions, environmental destruction, or deliberate clearances.
Sesame Street News Flash
The Sesame Street News Flash is a recurring segment on the children's television show Sesame Street. First aired in 1972, the series starred Kermit the Frog as a trench coat-dressed roving reporter who interviews Muppet versions of characters from fairy tales, Mother Goose nursery rhymes and key moments in history.

Given the basic format of the segments, the "Sesame Street News Flash" series served several purposes, namely to act out simple stories and nursery rhymes with which the show's audience might be familiar, and to give children a basic understanding of history. Other skits were spoofs of popular culture (such as one which parodied the then-popular The Six Million Dollar Man), while others involved Kermit asking children simple vox populi, or "man on the street," style questions. With exception to the latter, the segments were often parodies and diverged from the traditional tellings.

Mother Goose
Mother Goose is a character that originated in children's fiction, as the imaginary author of a collection of French fairy tales and later of English nursery rhymes. She also appeared in a song, the first stanza of which often functions now as a nursery rhyme. The character also appears in a pantomime tracing its roots to 1806.

The term's appearance in English dates back to the early 18th century, when Charles Perrault's fairy tale collection, Contes de ma Mère l'Oye, was first translated into English as Tales of My Mother Goose.  Later a compilation of English nursery rhymes, titled Mother Goose's Melody, or, Sonnets for the Cradle, helped perpetuate the name both in Britain and the United States.
Material derivative
In continuum mechanics, the material derivative describes the time rate of change of some physical quantity (like heat or momentum) of a material element that is subjected to a space-and-time-dependent macroscopic velocity field. The material derivative can serve as a link between Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of continuum deformation.

For example, in fluid dynamics, the velocity field is the flow velocity, and the quantity of interest might be the temperature of the fluid. In this case, the material derivative then describes the temperature change of a certain fluid parcel with time, as it flows along its pathline (trajectory).

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
Newport HSOB RFC
Newport High School Old Boys (NHSOB) are a Welsh rugby union club based in Caerleon on the northern outskirts of Newport in South Wales. They currently play in the Welsh Rugby Union Division One and is a feeder club for the Newport Gwent Dragons.

Following winning Division 2 East in the 23/24 Season, NHSOB finished 4th in 24/25 Season following their promotion to Division One East, coached by Andrew Screen and Captained by Niall Martin.

Newport HSOB RFC were recognised by the Welsh Rugby Union as the biggest community rugby club in Wales in November 2007. The club provides a full range of teams for all age groups and a full female team at all levels. They have ex-players at all levels of the game. They also provide rugby training for children and adults with learning disabilities. The 'Old Boys' have a close rivalry with nearby rugby club Caerleon R.F.C.

Welsh Rugby Union
The Welsh Rugby Union (WRU; Welsh: Undeb Rygbi Cymru) is the governing body of rugby union in the country of Wales, recognised by the sport's international governing body, World Rugby.

The WRU is responsible for the running of rugby in Wales, overseeing 320 member clubs, the Welsh national team and National Leagues and Cups. The WRU is headed by the President (Terry Cobner), chairman (Richard Collier-Keywood) and CEO (Abi Tierney).
Transport in Uzbekistan
As of 2007, Uzbekistan's overland transportation infrastructure declined significantly in the post-Soviet era due to low investment and poor maintenance. Air transport was the only branch that received substantial government investment in the early 2000s, as airport modernization projects were undertaken. In the following years, improvements have been made to the surface transport network including the construction of the Tashkent–Samarkand high-speed rail line.

Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line
The Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line is a 600-kilometre (373 mi) high-speed rail connection between Tashkent and Bukhara, two major cities in Uzbekistan. The route passes through six regions: Tashkent, Sirdaryo, Jizzakh, Samarqand, Navoiy, and Bukhara in Uzbekistan. Trains operate daily under the brand name Afrosiyob (named after Afrasiyab). The line originally ran from Tashkent to Samarqand, but an extension to Bukhara went into operation on 25 August 2016. Travel from Tashkent to Bukhara, a distance of 600 km (373 mi), now takes 3 hours and 20 minutes instead of 7 hours.
Alexandra Morton
Alexandra Bryant Hubbard Morton (born 13 July 1957) is an American and Canadian marine biologist best known for her 30-year study of wild killer whales in the Broughton Archipelago in British Columbia. Since the 1990s, her work has shifted toward the study of the impact of salmon farming on Canadian wild salmon.

A5 pod
A5 Pod is a name given to a group of orcas (Orcinus orca) found off the coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the northern resident orcas population—a name given to the fish-eating orcas found in coastal waters ranging from mid-Vancouver Island in British Columbia up through Haida Gwaii and into the southeastern portions of Alaska.
The orcas of the Northern Resident community are divided into vocally distinctive clans known as the A clan, the G clan, and the R clan. Members of the A5 Pod belong to the A clan. As of 2024, A5 Pod consisted of ~15 members.

Over time, studies showed that these congregations of orcas did not make up a complete, distinctive pod. Rather, they were matrilines—a mother and her offspring up to the fourth generation. However, matrilines within a pod frequently socialize with one another, more so than with orcas from another pod—thus still making up a distinct community, and so perpetuating the use of the pod naming.
Lunar Saros 130
Saros cycle series 130 for lunar eclipses occurs at the moon's ascending node, repeats every 18 years ⁠11+1/3⁠ days.
The 130th lunar saros is associated with Solar Saros 137.

Lunar saros 130 contains 71 member events, with all eclipses in which the penumbral (or eclipse) magnitude is over 0.01 . It has 14 total eclipses, starting in 1921 and ending in 2155.

Solar saros 137 interleaves with the 130th lunar saros, with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series. It consisted of 8 penumbral eclipses, 20 partial eclipses, 14 total eclipses, 22 partial eclipses, and ends with 7 penumbral eclipses.

This lunar saros is linked to Solar Saros 137.

Umbra, penumbra and antumbra
The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after impinging on an opaque object of lesser size. In cases of equal or smaller impinging objects, only an umbra and penumbra are generated. Assuming no diffraction, for a collimated beam (such as a point source) of light, only the umbra is cast.

These phenomena are generally observed within solar systems, as the size of the stars within the system are larger than the orbiting satellites, hence these terms are most often used for the shadows cast by celestial bodies, though they are sometimes used to describe levels of darkness, such as in sunspots.
Grasøyane Bird Sanctuary
The Grasøyane Bird Sanctuary (Norwegian: Grasøyane fuglefredningsområde) is a bird sanctuary and Ramsar site in Ulstein Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The area is located northeast of the island of Runde and it was protected in 1981 together with three other bird sanctuaries in order to "take care of rich and interesting bird life and a bird habitat, especially with respect to seabirds," according to the conservation regulations. The four sites have a total area of 2.6 square kilometers (1.0 sq mi).

The area encompasses all of the islands, islets, and skerries in the Grasøya island group and the sea between the islands. The two largest islands are Grasøya and Skjærvøya. The Grasøya Lighthouse is located inside the protected area.

In 2013, the area was designated a Ramsar wetland site as one of five subareas of the Runde Ramsar Site.

Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

Every three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.