hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leo Freisinger
Leonhard Freisinger (February 7, 1916 – August 29, 1985) was an American speed skater who competed at the 1936 Winter Olympics. He won a bronze medal in the 500 m and placed fourth in the 1500 m event. He won the U.S. National Indoor title in 1937 and 1938 and the National and North American Outdoor title in 1940. In 1938 he set a world record over 500 m at a meet in Davos, Switzerland, but Hans Engnestangen beat this record a few minutes later. Freisinger was selected for the 1940 Olympics, but they were canceled due to World War II. Later he became a figure skater in professional ice shows, and coached the 1964 American Olympic speed skating team.

1936 Winter Olympics
The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IV Olympic Winter Games (German: IV. Olympische Winterspiele) and commonly known as Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936, were a winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 16 February 1936 in the market town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Later that year, the country also hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics, which were held in Berlin. It was the last year in which the Summer and Winter Games both took place in the same country (the cancelled 1940 Olympics would have been held in Japan, with Tokyo hosting the Summer Games and Sapporo hosting the Winter Games).

The 1936 Winter Games were organized on behalf of the German League of the Reich for Physical Exercise (DRL) by Karl Ritter von Halt, who had been named president of the committee for the organization of the Fourth Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen by Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten.
2012 Sun Belt Conference football season
The 2012 Sun Belt Conference football season was the 12th season of college football play for the Sun Belt Conference. The season began August 30, 2012 and concluded January 6, 2013 as part of the 2012-13 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Ten teams participated in the competition: Arkansas State, Florida Atlantic, Florida International, Louisiana–Lafayette, Louisiana–Monroe, Middle Tennessee State, North Texas, South Alabama, Troy and  Western Kentucky.

As part of the 2010-13 NCAA conference realignment, this was Florida Atlantic's and Florida International's final season in the conference before moving to Conference USA in 2013.

South Alabama competed in the Sun Belt for the first time and became the conference's tenth team. Due to NCAA transitional rules, South Alabama was not eligible for a conference championship or postseason play.

2012 FIU Panthers football team
The 2012 FIU Panthers football team represented Florida International University during the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by sixth year head coach Mario Cristobal and played their home games at FIU Stadium. They were a member of the Sun Belt Conference. This was the Panthers final season as members of the Sun Belt as they have accepted an invitation to join Conference USA on July 1, 2013. They were a member of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 3–9, 2–6 in Sun Belt play to finish in a tie for eighth place. Head coach Mario Cristobal was fired at the end of the season after posting a 27–47 record in six seasons.
Stalag IX-C
Stalag IX-C was a German prisoner-of-war camp for Allied soldiers in World War II. Although its headquarters were located near Bad Sulza, between Erfurt and Leipzig in Thuringia, its sub-camps – Arbeitskommando – were spread over a wide area, particularly those holding prisoners working in the potassium mines, south of Mühlhausen.

Meiningen
Meiningen (German: [ˈmaɪnɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the southern part of the German state of Thuringia. It is located in the region of Franconia and has a population of around 26,000 (2024). Meiningen is the capital and the largest town of the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district. From 1680 to 1918, Meiningen was the capital of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen and from 1918 to 1920 of the Free State of Saxe-Meiningen.

Meiningen is considered the cultural, judicial and financial centre of southern Thuringia and thus hosts the state theatre, justice center, state archives, bank buildings and many museums. It is economically reliant on mechanical engineering, high-tech industry and tourism. The dialect and language of the inhabitants is East Franconian.
Punsansŏng
Punsansŏng (Korean: 분산성; Hanja: 盆山城; RR: Bunsanseong) is a Gaya-era Korean fortress on the mountain Bunsan in what is now Gimhae, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, it was made a Historic Site of South Korea.

The fortress was built some time during the Gaya confederacy (42–562, Korean calendar). It was renovated some time in the Goryeo period. During the Joseon period, it was renovated by Pak Wi in the 14th century to defend against wokou (Japanese pirates). It is attested to in the 1530 geography book Sinjŭng Tongguk yŏji sŭngnam as being in disrepair. It was severely destroyed during the 1592–1598 Imjin War. It was repaired in 1871. It was excavated in 1998 and restored in 2002.

The fortress walls are around 3 to 4 m (9.8 to 13.1 ft) high. Many parts have collapsed, but the north and west sections are in good condition. Various parts of the wall were constructed in different methods, indicating the different repairs and renovations made over time.

Wokou
Wokou (Chinese: 倭寇; pinyin: Wōkòu; Japanese: 倭寇; Hepburn: Wakō; Korean: 왜구; Hanja: 倭寇; RR: Waegu; literal Chinese translation: "dwarf bandits"), which translates to "Japanese pirates", were pirates who raided the coastlines of China and Korea from the 13th century to the 17th century. The wokou were made of various ethnicities of East Asian ancestry, which varied over time and raided the mainland from islands in the Sea of Japan and East China Sea.

Wokou activity in Korea declined after the Treaty of Gyehae in 1443 but continued in Ming China and peaked during the Jiajing wokou raids in the mid-16th century. Chinese reprisals and strong clamp-downs on pirates by Japanese authorities saw the wokou disappear by the 17th century.
Lefroy, Tasmania
Lefroy is a rural locality in the local government area of George Town in the Launceston region of Tasmania. It is located about 46 kilometres (29 mi) north of the town of Launceston. The 2016 census determined a population of 76 for the state suburb of Lefroy.

George Town Council
George Town Council is a local government body in northern Tasmania, situated north of Launceston. The George Town local government area is classified as rural and has a population of 6,931, it encompasses the principal town, George Town, and the nearby localities including Hillwood, Low Head and Pipers River.
Joceline Sanschagrin
Joceline Sanschagrin (born September 2, 1950) is a Canadian writer living in Quebec.

She was born in Montreal and studied French literature at the Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal and the Cégep du Vieux Montréal. She went on to earn a bachelor's degree in communications from the Université du Québec à Montréal. Sanschagrin has worked as a freelance journalist, researcher and columnist for Le Journal de Montréal, La Presse, Radio-Québec, Radio-Canada, Télévision Quatre Saisons and Télé-Métropole. For 7 years, she was a daily contributor to the Radio-Canada youth program 275-Allô.

Sanschagrin wrote the text for several books featuring the character Caillou; Caillou, le petit pot and Caillou, la petite soeur, both published in 1993, received a Mr. Christie's Book Award in 1994. Some of her books have been translated into English, Korean, Spanish, Greek, Icelandic, Polish and Chinese.

Le Journal de Montréal
Le Journal de Montréal is a daily French-language tabloid newspaper published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It has the largest circulation of any newspaper in Quebec and is also the largest French-language daily newspaper in North America. Established by Pierre Péladeau in 1964, it is owned by Quebecor Media, and is hence a sister publication of TVA flagship CFTM-DT. It is also Canada's largest tabloid newspaper. Its head office is located on 4545, rue Frontenac in Montreal.

Le Journal de Montréal covers mostly local and provincial news, as well as sports, arts and justice. It has draw praise for its investigation desk launched in 2013 but criticism known for its sensationalist news, and its columnists who are often public figures.
1028 Lydina
1028 Lydina, provisional designation 1923 PG, is a carbonaceous background asteroid and member of the Cybele group from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 82 kilometers (50 miles) in diameter. It was discovered at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 6 November 1923, by Soviet astronomer Vladimir Albitsky, who named it after his wife, Lydia Il'inichna Albitskaya. The dark C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 11.68 hours.

Simeiz Observatory
Simeiz Observatory (also spelled Simeis or Simeïs) was an astronomy research observatory until the mid-1950s. It is located on Mount Koshka, Crimea, by the town of Simeiz.

Part of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, it is currently used for laser based studies of the orbits of satellites.

The Minor Planet Center (MPC) credits Simeiz Observatory as the location where a total of 150 minor planets were discovered by astronomers Grigory Neujmin, Sergey Belyavsky, Vladimir Albitsky, Grigory Shajn, Nikolaj Ivanov, Pelageya Shajn, Praskov'ja Parchomenko, Alexander Deutsch and Evgenij Skvorcov.

As of 2017, the discovery of the minor planet 369010 Ira is directly credited to Simeiz Observatory by the MPC.
Frank Makosky
Frank Makosky (January 20, 1910 – January 10, 1987) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. Makosky played for the New York Yankees in 1937. In 26 career games, he had a 5–2 record, with a 4.97 ERA. He batted and threw right-handed.

Born and raised in Boonton, New Jersey, Makosky attended Boonton High School, where he earned varsity letters in baseball, basketball and football, as well as track. He played for the school's baseball team (with James P. Vreeland as a teammate) which had an undefeated season in 1927. A graduate of the class of 1930, he was inducted into the school's Hall of Fame in 1996.

Makosky died in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.

Varsity letter
A varsity letter (or monogram) is an award earned in the United States for excellence in school activities. A varsity letter signifies that its recipient was a qualified varsity team member, awarded after a certain standard was met. A person who receives a varsity letter is known as a letterman.
Undercover Miss Hong
Undercover Miss Hong (Korean: 언더커버 미쓰홍) is an ongoing South Korean workplace comedy television series written by Moon Hyun-kyung, directed by Park Seon-ho and Na Ji-hyun, and starring Park Shin-hye in the title role, along with Ko Kyung-pyo, Ha Yoon-kyung, and Cho Han-gyeol. Set in 1997 Seoul, the series follows an elite securities inspector Hong Keum-bo, who goes undercover as a 20-year-old junior employee at a suspicious investment firm, navigating workplace chaos, hidden agendas, and comedic misadventures while investigating financial wrongdoing. It premiered on tvN on January 17, 2026, and airs every Saturday and Sunday at 21:10 (KST). It is also available for streaming on TVING and Netflix.

Office humor
Office humor, also often called workplace comedy, is humor within the workplace, particularly in the office environment.  It is a subject that receives significant attention from students of industrial and organizational psychology and of the sociology of work, as well as in popular culture.
Das Treibhaus
Das Treibhaus (English: The Hothouse) is a 1953 novel by the German author Wolfgang Koeppen. It is the second work in what has become known as the "Trilogy of Failure", a series of three novels examining postwar West German society. Set during the Cold War and the debate over West German rearmament, the novel takes place largely in Bonn, the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany.

First published in Germany in 1953, the novel was not translated into English until 2001, when Michael Hofmann's translation was published by W. W. Norton & Company. The English translation was named a Notable Book by The New York Times and one of the Best Books of the Year by the Los Angeles Times.

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
Kapitza instability
In fluid dynamics, the Kapitza instability is an instability that occurs in fluid films flowing down walls. The instability is characterised by the formation of capillary waves on the free surface of the film. The instability is named after Pyotr Kapitsa, who described and analysed the instability in 1948. The free surface waves are known as roll waves.

Capillary wave
A capillary wave is a wave traveling along the phase boundary of a fluid, whose dynamics and phase velocity are dominated by the effects of surface tension.

Capillary waves are common in nature, and are often referred to as ripples.  The wavelength of capillary waves on water is typically less than a few centimeters, with a phase speed in excess of 0.2–0.3 meter/second.

A longer wavelength on a fluid interface will result in gravity–capillary waves which are influenced by both the effects of surface tension and gravity, as well as by fluid inertia. Ordinary gravity waves have a still longer wavelength.

Light breezes upon the surface of water which stir up such small ripples are also sometimes referred to as 'cat's paws'. On the open ocean, much larger ocean surface waves (seas and swells) may result from coalescence of smaller wind-caused ripple-waves.
222nd Coastal Division (Italy)
The 222nd Coastal Division (Italian: 222ª Divisione Costiera) was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. Royal Italian Army coastal divisions were second line divisions formed with reservists and equipped with second rate materiel. They were often commanded by officers called out of retirement.

Materiel
Materiel or matériel (/məˌtɪəriˈɛl/; from French  matériel 'equipment, hardware') is supplies, equipment, and weapons in military supply-chain management, and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context.
Parkman–Webster murder case
After Boston businessman George Parkman disappeared in November 1849, his dismembered and partially burned body was found in the laboratory of John Webster, a lecturer at Harvard Medical College; Webster was convicted of Parkman's murder and hanged. Highly publicized because of its gruesome nature and the high social status of Parkman and Webster, the case was one of the earliest in which forensic evidence was used to identify a body.

Forensic identification
Forensic identification is the application of forensic science, or "forensics", and technology to identify specific objects from the trace evidence they leave, often at a crime scene or the scene of an accident. Forensic means "for the courts".
Nse Essien
Nse Essien (born March 23, 1970) is a Nigerian politician and sports administrator. Essian is a member of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and is currently serving as the Deputy Chief Whip. Essian graduated from the University of Calabar in 1984, obtaining a degree in Geology, and later joined the University of Uyo.

Essien also owns FC One Rocket and Carabana Football Academy.

FC One Rocket
FC One Rocket is a Nigerian professional football club based in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The club competes in the Nigeria Nationwide League, the third tier of club football in the Nigerian football league system.
Teen Choice Award for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Show
The following is a list of Teen Choice Award winners and nominees for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Show. This award was first introduced (along with Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor and Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress) in 2010. The Vampire Diaries was the first recipient of the award.

The Vampire Diaries is the all-time winner in this category, with seven wins of eight nominations. Supernatural hold the record with most nominations (tied with The Vampire Diaries) without a single win (8 each).

Currently the last TV Show awarded as Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy is Shadowhunters in 2019.

2019 Teen Choice Awards
The 2019 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 11, 2019, and used a temporary outdoor on-beach stage in Hermosa Beach, California near the beach pier. This was the only time the ceremony was held outdoors. The awards celebrated the year's achievements in music, film, television, sports, fashion, comedy, and the internet, and were voted on by viewers aged 13 and over living in the United States on their website and through various social media sites.

Leading the way with the most nominations was Avengers: Endgame with nine. Taylor Swift was the recipient of the inaugural "Icon" award.

As of 2025, this is the most recently held Teen Choice Awards ceremony.
1964 College Baseball All-America Team
This is a list of college baseball players named first team All-Americans for the 1964 NCAA University Division baseball season. From 1964 to 1980, there were two generally recognized All-America selectors for baseball:  the American Baseball Coaches Association and The Sporting News.

1964 NCAA University Division baseball season
The 1964 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1964.  The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1964 College World Series.  The College World Series, held for the eighteenth time in 1964, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament.  Minnesota claimed the championship.
Lluís Quintana-Murci
Lluís Quintana-Murci (born 1970 in Palma de Mallorca, Spain) is a French-Spanish biologist and population geneticist known for his research on human evolution, population genomic diversity and its relationship with immune diversity and infectious diseases.

Nature Genetics
Nature Genetics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in 1992. It covers research in genetics. The chief editor is Tiago Faial.

The journal encompasses genetic and functional genomic studies on human traits and on other model organisms. Current emphasis is on the genetic basis for common and complex diseases and on the functional mechanism, architecture and evolution of gene networks, studied by experimental perturbation.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 29.0, ranking it 2nd out of 191 journals in the category "Genetics & Heredity". Further evaluation metrics from Scopus and Journal Citation Reports are outlined in the following table.
Hatf-I
The Hatf I (Urdu: حتف; Military designation: Hatf–I, Translit. Target-1) is a land-based short-ranged ballistic missile, currently in service with the strategic command of the Pakistan Army.

Jointly designed and developed by the Space Research Commission and the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) in 1987, it is the first system developed under Hatf program (lit. Target) and entered military service with Pakistan Army in 1992.

The Hatf-I is deployed as rocket artillery weapon system and has been replaced by the improved Hatf-IA and Hatf-IB, which have a maximum range of 100 kilometres (62 mi).

Army Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)
The Pakistan Army Strategic Forces Command (ASFC) is a strategic and missile formation of the Pakistan Army.: 338  Headquartered at the Joint Staff HQ in Chaklala near Rawalpindi,: 388  the strategic command controls the land-based ballistics and cruise missile systems—both nuclear and conventional.: 240

Its organizational structure is model based on the conventional corps with its operations similar to Regiment of Artillery, and responsible only for the ground-based strategic nuclear deterrence.
Roller coaster train
A roller coaster train is a vehicle made up of two or more carts coupled together by specialized joints which transports passengers around a roller coaster's circuit. Roller coasters usually have various safety features, including specialized wheels and restraints. It is called a train because the carts are connected in a chain and follow each other along the track, just like a railroad train. Individual carts vary in design and can carry from one to eight or more passengers each.

Universal joint
A universal joint (also called a universal coupling or U-joint) is a joint or coupling connecting rigid shafts whose axes are inclined to each other. It is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion. It consists of a pair of hinges located close together, oriented at 90° to each other, connected by a cross shaft. The universal joint is not a constant-velocity joint.

U-joints are also sometimes called by various eponymous names, as follows:

Cardan joint, after Gerolamo Cardano, a polymath of the 16th century who contributed to knowledge of various clever mechanisms, including gimbals

Hooke joint or Hooke's joint, after Robert Hooke, a polymath of the 17th century who contributed to knowledge of various clever mechanisms

Spicer joint, after Clarence W. Spicer and the Spicer Manufacturing Company, who manufactured U joints

Hardy Spicer joint, after the Hardy Spicer brand, a successor to the Spicer brand
Sehesteds plass
Sehesteds plass ('Sehested's Square') is a square in Oslo, Norway.

The square is modelled after Place Vendôme in Paris, and is named after the Governor of Norway Hannibal Sehested.

The publishing houses H. Aschehoug & Co and Gyldendal Norsk Forlag have their respective headquarters here. The square is a plot element in Henrik H. Langeland's novel Wonderboy.

Place Vendôme
The Place Vendôme (French: [plas vɑ̃dom]; lit. 'Vendôme Square'), originally the Place Louis-le-Grand ('Louis the Great Square'), and later the Place Internationale ('International Square'), is a public square in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, located to the north of the Tuileries Gardens and east of the Église de la Madeleine. It is the starting point of the Rue de la Paix. Its regular architecture by Jules Hardouin-Mansart and pedimented screens canted across the corners give the rectangular Place Vendôme the aspect of an octagon. The original Vendôme Column at the centre of the square was erected by Napoleon I to commemorate the Battle of Austerlitz; it was torn down on 16 May 1871, by decree of the Paris Commune, but subsequently re-erected and remains a prominent feature on the square today.