hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erica mammosa
Erica mammosa, the nine-pin heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, that is naturally restricted to the southwestern corner of the Western Cape, South Africa.

It is a shrub, growing to 2.5 metres (8 feet) tall and broad, that produces masses of flowers in a range of colours from light-pink to orange to bright red.

The species name mammosa means "with breasts" and refers to the udder-like tubular shape of the flowers.

This plant is found as an ornamental garden subject.
In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Like many heathers it is a calcifuge, meaning that it must be grown in an acidic soil. It requires a sunny, sheltered spot with sharp drainage. It tolerates low temperatures down to 0 °C (32 °F), but will not stand freezing.

Calcifuge
A calcifuge is a plant that does not tolerate alkaline (basic) soil.  The word is derived from the Latin 'to flee from chalk'. These plants are also described as ericaceous, as the prototypical calcifuge is the genus Erica (heaths). It is not the presence of carbonate or hydroxide ions per se that these plants cannot tolerate, but the fact that under alkaline conditions, iron becomes less soluble. Consequently, calcifuges grown on alkaline soils often develop the symptoms of iron deficiency, i.e. interveinal chlorosis of new growth. There are many horticultural plants which are calcifuges, most of which require an 'ericaceous' compost with a low pH, composed principally of Sphagnum moss peat. Alternatively sulphur chips may be used to lower soil pH.

A plant that thrives in lime-rich soils is known as a calcicole.
Emporium (early medieval)
An emporium (plural: emporia) was one of the trading settlements that emerged in Northwestern Europe in the 6th to the 7th centuries and persisted into the 9th century. Also known in English as wics, they were characterised by their peripheral locations, usually on the shore at the edge of a kingdom, their lack of infrastructure (containing no churches) and their short-lived nature. By 1000, the emporia had been replaced by the revival of European towns. Examples include Dorestad, Quentovic, Gipeswic, Hamwic, and Lundenwic (for which see Anglo-Saxon London) at the North Sea, as well as Haithabu, Jumne and Truso on the Baltic Sea. Their role in the economic history of Western Europe remains debated. Their most famous exponent has been the British archaeologist Richard Hodges.

History of Southampton
Southampton is a city in Hampshire, England. The area has been settled since the Stone Age. Its history has been affected by its geographical location, on a major estuary on the English Channel coast with an unusual double high tide, and by its proximity to Winchester and London; the ancient and modern capitals of England. Having been an important regional centre for centuries, Southampton was awarded city status by Queen Elizabeth II in 1964.

Southampton became an important port in medieval times, experiencing several hundred years of fluctuating fortunes until it was expanded by the Victorians.

As a centre of commerce, an industrial town and an important military embarkation point, Southampton was a strategic target for the Luftwaffe and was severely damaged in World War II.

Post-war redevelopment and the need to accommodate 20th-century innovations such as the motor car have significantly altered the character of Southampton.
Francis C. Hammond Middle School
Francis C. Hammond Middle School in Alexandria, Virginia, is located at 4646 Seminary Road in the west end of the city. Opened as a four-year high school in 1956, it was named after Alexandria native Francis Hammond (1931–1953), a U.S. Navy hospital corpsman who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Korean War.

Francis C. Hammond Middle School applied to be part of the International Baccalaureate program in 2010. It has since ended its involvement.

Hospital corpsman
A hospital corpsman (HM) or corpsman (/ˈkɔːrmən/ CORE-man) is an enlisted medical specialist of the United States Navy, who may also serve in a U.S. Marine Corps unit. The corresponding rating within the United States Coast Guard is Health Services Technician (HS). The U.S. Navy Hospital Corps was created on 17 June 1898, with hospital corpsman used as a generic name for the applicable personnel while various other official names (including hospital apprentice, hospital steward, pharmacist's mate) were used for the rating; after World War II, hospital corpsman became the official name for the rating.
Dirty City
"Dirty City" is a rock song by Steve Winwood from his album Nine Lives, released on February 19, 2008.

The song features Eric Clapton on guitar and reached number one on Adult Album Alternative radio for three weeks.

Adult album alternative
Adult album alternative (also triple-A, AAA, or adult alternative) is a radio format. Its roots trace to both the "classic album stations of the '70s as well as the alternative rock format that developed in the '80s." AAA programming is carried on more than 150 broadcast outlets in the United States, with a roughly even split between commercial and public stations.
Casa de Murillo
The Casa de Murillo is a historical house in Seville, Andalusia, Spain, at number 8, calle Santa Teresa, in the historic Barrio de Santa Cruz. It was the home of the painter Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1617–1682) in the latter years of his life. The building has two storeys and a central patio (courtyard) with columns.

A house museum was established there in 1972 and opened to the public in 1982, the tricentenary of Murillo's death. The museum attempted to recreate a 17th-century ambience. However, in 1998, most of the building was converted into offices for the Andalusian Council of Culture, leaving only a small museum space that is used for temporary exhibitions.

37°23′8.5″N 5°59′20.5″W﻿ / ﻿37.385694°N 5.989028°W﻿ / 37.385694; -5.989028

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
100 Greatest Artists of Rock & Roll
The 100 Greatest Artists of Rock & Roll was a television special that aired on VH1 in 1998, where the network compiled a list of what it considered the 100 greatest rock artists. The show included artists from a variety of genres within rock, such as classic rock, punk, alternative, and heavy metal. The artists were selected based on their impact on the genre, influence on other musicians, and commercial success. Hosted by Kevin Bacon.

The television special ran on five days between March 31 and April 4, 1998, for an hour each. Every special covered 20 artists from the list. The special used footage from videos, concerts, and interviews. Jeff Gaspin, who had recently become VH1's vice president of programming, proposed that they feature a countdown program in which musicians determined the list rather than commentators.

Jeff Gaspin
Jeffrey Mark Gaspin (born December 29, 1960) is an American television executive and former chairman of NBC Universal Television Entertainment. Gaspin resigned his position in late 2010, as a precursor to Comcast taking controlling ownership of the now newly rechristened NBCUniversal, which occurred on January 28, 2011. Robert Greenblatt, former president of entertainment of Showtime Networks Inc., succeeded Gaspin. Gaspin founded Gaspin Media, a production and consulting company, in 2012, and co-founded TAPP TV, a subscription-based online TV network, in 2013.
Strawberry Tree (solar energy device)
The Strawberry Tree is the world’s first public solar charger for mobile devices. It was developed by Serbian company Strawberry Energy. It won first place in the European Commission’s "Sustainable energy week 2011" competition in Brussels, in the category Consuming.

Mobile device
A mobile device or handheld device is a computer small enough to hold and operate in hand. Mobile devices are typically battery-powered and possess a flat-panel display and one or more built-in input devices, such as a touchscreen or keypad. Modern mobile devices often emphasize wireless networking, to both the Internet and to other devices in their vicinity, such as headsets or in-car entertainment systems, via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, or near-field communication.
Braidwood, Illinois
Braidwood is a city in Will and Grundy counties, Illinois, United States, approximately 53 miles (85 km) southwest of Chicago and 18 miles (29 km) south of Joliet. As of the 2020 census, Braidwood had a population of 6,194.

The Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station, a nuclear power plant owned by Exelon Corporation, is also located in the area (although the plant's address is actually in the nearby town of Braceville).  The station is one of the major employers in the area and provides a significant portion of the electricity used in the Chicago area. The plant has been the subject of controversy concerning a series of leaks since 2007.

Exelon
Exelon Corporation is an American public utility headquartered in Chicago, and incorporated in Pennsylvania. Exelon is the largest electric parent company in the United States by revenue and is the largest regulated electric utility in the United States with approximately 10 million customers. The company is ranked 187th on the Fortune 500.

Exelon owns six regulated utilities: Atlantic City Electric (New Jersey), Commonwealth Edison (Illinois), PECO Energy Company (Pennsylvania), Baltimore Gas and Electric (Maryland), Delmarva Power and Light (Delaware and Maryland), and Pepco (Washington, DC and Maryland).
Thumhani River
Thumhani River (Maithili: थुम्हानी नदी) is a river that flows on the plains of the western part in the Madhubani district of the Mithila region in Bihar state of India. It is the part of the Adhwara group of rivers in the Indian Subcontinent.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.
Merrie England (Blatchford book)
Merrie England is an influential collection of essays on socialism by Robert Blatchford under the pseudonym "Nunquam", published in 1893. The first issue by Nunquam was priced at one shilling. It sold over two million copies worldwide.

According to Gregory Claeys, "it was said that 'for every convert made by Das Kapital there were a hundred made by Merrie England'; the actual ratio was probably nearer one to a thousand."

The book received rebuttals including:

R. Nemo, Labour and Luxury: A Reply to 'Merrie England' London: Walter Scott, 1895

Robert Roberts, England's Ruin, Or John Smith's Answer to Mr. Blatchford's Plea for Socialism 1895

Robert Roberts (Christadelphian)
Robert Roberts (April 8, 1839 – September 23, 1898) is the man generally considered to have continued the work of organising and establishing the Christadelphian movement founded by Dr. John Thomas. He was a prolific author and the editor of The Christadelphian magazine from 1864 to 1898.
Tia Hellebaut
Tia Hellebaut (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtijaː ˈɦɛləbʌut]; born 16 February 1978) is a Belgian former track and field athlete. She started out in her sports career in the heptathlon, and afterwards specialized in the high jump event. She has cleared 2.05 metres both indoors and outdoors.

Hellebaut was the 2008 Olympic champion in the high jump. She was previously the European Champion in 2006 and then the European Indoor Champion in 2007. She won the gold medal in the pentathlon at the 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships. In addition to these medals, she has participated at the World Championships in Athletics on four occasions.

She held the Belgian records indoor long jump and indoor pentathlon until they were broken by Nafissatou Thiam and still holds the Belgian record in both indoors and outdoors high jump.

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Wandisa Guida
Wandisa Guida (born 21 April 1935) is an Italian former film, stage and television actress. She was sometimes credited as Wandisa Leigh.

Born in Trani, Italy, Guida took part in the Miss Italia beauty contest in 1954, winning the title of Miss Cinema. She then moved to Rome to attend the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, and after the graduation she appeared in dozens of genre films, sometimes starring in the main roles.

Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia
The Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia (Experimental Center of Cinematography; CSC), also referred to as the Scuola Nazionale di Cinema (National Film School), is an Italian national film school headquartered in Rome, with satellite educational hubs in five other Italian regions.

It was established in 1935 and aims to promote the art and technique of cinematography and film.
Sheraton Stockholm Hotel
Sheraton Stockholm Hotel is a hotel at the intersection between Vasagatan and Tegelbacken in central Stockholm, Sweden, designed by AOS Arkitekter and opened in 1971. The hotel has 465 rooms making it one of the largest hotels in Sweden. The building is considered to have a high cultural historical value, even though the interior was thoroughly renovated in 2007. The hotel was the first Sheraton hotel in Continental Europe.

Tegelbacken
Tegelbacken is a junction at Norrmalm in Central Stockholm and the name of several streets that contains the junction. At Tegelbacken, the traffic are connected to the Centralbron, Vasabron, Nynäsvägen and Gamla stan.
Ogdenia
Ogdenia is a monotypic genus of  jumping spiders containing the single species, Ogdenia mutilla. It was first described by George Peckham in 1907, and is only found on Borneo.

Originally given the name Rooseveltia, it was renamed Ogdenia (after Milwaukee's Dr. H. V. Ogden) when it was discovered that the original name was preoccupied by a genus of fish.

These spiders are thought to mimic mutillid wasps. The Peckhams believed this genus was related to those of Hasarius.

The female epigyne was drawn by Proszynsky in 1984.

Velvet ant
Velvet ants (Mutillidae) are a family of more than 7,000 species of wasps whose wingless females resemble large, hairy ants. Their common name velvet ant refers to their resemblance to an ant, and their dense pile of hair, which most often is bright scarlet or orange, but may also be black, white, silver, or gold. Their bright colors serve as aposematic signals. They are known for their extremely painful stings, (the sting of the species Dasymutilla klugii rated a 3 on the Schmidt pain index and lasts up to 30 minutes), and has resulted in the common name "cow killer" or "cow ant" being applied to the species Dasymutilla occidentalis. However, mutillids are not aggressive and sting only in defense. In addition, the actual toxicity of their venom is much lower than that of honey bees or harvester ants. Unlike true ants, they are solitary, and lack complex social systems.
Ashraful Huda
Ashraful Huda is a former officer of the Bangladesh Police who served as the Inspector General of Police during 2004–2005. Ashraful joined the Pakistani army as a commissioned officer in 1967 and served in Bangladesh army after independence.

Bangladesh Army
The Bangladesh Army (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, romanized: Bāṅlādēś shēnābāhinī) is the principal land warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces responsible for defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the army is tasked with national defense, disaster response, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. Established officially after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Army has since evolved into a professional, modern force engaged in peacekeeping missions under the United Nations as well as national security operations.

The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government, during times of domestic or national emergencies. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration" or, using the Latin form, "Protectio, Transparentia, Reintegratio".
Fallen Star (song)
"A Fallen Star" is an American country music song written by James Joiner (b. Florence, Alabama, July 10, 1928 - July 21, 2006).

The song was first released, as "A Fallen Star", by Bobby E. Denton ("The Singing Senator") in April 1957, soon followed by Jimmy C. Newman on April 27, 1957. The song has also been recorded by Ferlin Husky (May 1957), Conway Twitty (June 1961), Kitty Wells (Feb. 1962), Jim Reeves (March 1962), Jimmie Rodgers (1964), Webb Pierce (June 1966), Jan Howard (Oct. 16, 1967), B. J. Thomas (1967), David Houston (Jan. 1969), Jessi Colter (1981), and many others.

The song was also recorded, as "Fallen Star", by Irish singer Eileen Reid and The Cadets (March 1964), with Pat Murphy's harmonica opening the song. Recording took place at the Silverpine Studios in Bray, County Wicklow. The song reached Number 1 in the Irish Singles Chart on 29 May 1964, equal with Dickie Rock's "I'm Yours". It was the first song by an Irish woman to reach No. 1 in Ireland.

Ferlin Husky
Ferlin Eugene Husky (December 3, 1925 – March 17, 2011) was an American country music singer who was equally adept at honky-tonk, ballads, spoken recitations, rockabilly and pop tunes.

From 1948 to 1953, he recorded under the stage name Terry Preston. He also created and recorded as the comic, outspoken hayseed character, Simon Crum. In the 1950s and '60s, his hits included "Gone" and "Wings of a Dove", each reaching number one on the country charts. Between 1953 and 1975, he had 11 top 10 hits, two dozen top 20 hits and a total of 50 songs in Billboard magazine's top 100 country songs. His versatility and matinee-idol looks propelled a seven-decade entertainment career. In 2010, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Mandatory quote period
On the London Stock Exchange, the mandatory quote period (or MQP) is the period during which all registered market makers are obliged to display prices.

In this period, market makers on the Exchange’s quote driven SEAQ and SEAQ International services are obliged to make a firm two-way quote for the securities in which they are registered. This is between 0800–1630 hours for SEAQ and 0930–1530 hours for SE.

Market maker
A market maker or liquidity provider is a company or an individual that quotes both a buy and a sell price in a tradable asset held in inventory, hoping to make a profit on the difference, which is called the bid–ask spread or turn. This stabilizes the market, reducing price variation (volatility) by setting a trading price range for the asset.

In U.S. markets, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission defines a "market maker" as a firm that stands ready to buy and sell stock on a regular and continuous basis at a publicly quoted price. A Designated Primary Market Maker (DPM) is a specialized market maker approved by an exchange to guarantee a buy or sell position in a particular assigned security, option, or option index.
Kōnotori-no-sato Station
Kōnotori-no-sato Station (コウノトリの郷駅, Kōnotori-no-sato-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Toyooka, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Willer Trains (Kyoto Tango Railway).

Kyoto Tango Railway
The Kyoto Tango Railway (京都丹後鉄道, Kyōto Tango Tetsudō), or Tantetsu (丹鉄), is a railway system in Kyoto Prefecture and Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan operated by Willer Trains Inc. headquartered in Miyazu, Kyoto.
2010 China Open – Women's doubles
Hsieh Su-wei and Peng Shuai were the defending champions, but they competed with different partners.
Hsieh played with Natalie Grandin, while Peng partnered with Kimiko Date-Krumm, but they all lost in the second round (Grandin/Hsieh lost to Vera Dushevina and Arantxa Parra Santonja, Date-Krumm/Peng lost to Vania King and Yaroslava Shvedova).
In the end, it was Chuang Chia-jung and Olga Govortsova who won in the final against Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta, 7–6(2), 1–6, [10–7].

Chuang Chia-jung
Chuang Chia-jung (Chinese: 莊佳容; pinyin: Zhuāng Jiāróng; Taiwanese  Mandarin: [tswáŋ.tɕjá zʊ̌ŋ]; born 10 January 1985) is a Taiwanese former tennis player.

In her career, she won 22 doubles titles on the WTA Tour and three doubles titles on tournaments of the WTA Challenger Tour, as well as ten singles and 33 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 13 November 2006, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 177. On 18 August 2008, she peaked at No. 5 in the WTA doubles rankings.

On 28 October 2018, Chuang announced her retirement from pro tour and her marriage via Instagram.
Rive Gauche (perfume)
Rive Gauche is a women's perfume launched by Yves Saint Laurent in 1971.

The fragrance was composed in 1969 by perfumers Jacques Polge and Michael Hy at Roure. It was reformulated by Daniela Andrier and Jacques Hy at Givaudan in 2003. The all-aluminium silver and cobalt blue striped bottle was designed by Pierre Dinnand.

The perfume was named after Yves Saint Laurent's newly opened boutique in Saint-Germain-des-Prés, the first ready-to-wear store opened by a couturier.

Perfume critic Luca Turin considered Rive Gauche as the "best floral aldehydic of all time". It is a classic aldehyde with a floral heart and woody base notes.

Givaudan
Givaudan S.A. (pronounced [ʒivodɑ̃]) is a Swiss multinational manufacturer of flavours, fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients. As of 2008, it was the world's largest company in the flavour and fragrance industry.
1998–99 Big East Conference men's basketball season
The 1998–99 Big East Conference men's basketball season was the 20th in conference history, and involved its 13 full-time member schools.

Connecticut was the regular-season champion with a record of 16–2. Connecticut also won the Big East tournament championship.

1998–99 Miami Hurricanes men's basketball team
The 1998–99 Miami Hurricanes men's basketball team represented the University of Miami during the 1998–99 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hurricanes, led by ninth year head coach Leonard Hamilton, played their home games at the Miami Arena and were members of the Big East Conference.

They finished the season 23–7, 15–3 in Big East play to finish in second place. They lost in the second round of the 1999 Big East men's basketball tournament to St. John's. They were invited to the 1999 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they defeated Lafayette in the first round before falling in the second round to Purdue.