hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SS Pewabic
The SS Pewabic was a package freighter that served ports on the Upper Great Lakes.  She was launched in October 1863, fitted out in the spring of 1864, and was in active service until she sank off Thunder Bay Island in Lake Huron on August 9, 1865, due to collision with her sister vessel.  There was significant loss of life, with a number variously estimated at 100 to 125 passengers and crew of the stricken vessel going down with the ship. If the higher number is accepted, the loss of life made this disaster, in terms of loss of life from the sinking of a single vessel, the seventh-worst tragedy in the history of the Great Lakes, and the worst ever on Lake Huron.
The sunken hull of the package freighter is a feature of the present-day Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary.

Thunder Bay Island
Thunder Bay Island is a 215-acre (87 ha) island in Lake Huron.  The island is one of eight constituent islands of the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge.  The island is part of Alpena Township in Alpena County.  It marks the entrance to Thunder Bay, the harbor of Alpena, Michigan and the location of the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary.

The island is the home of a historic Thunder Bay Island Light, which in its current form dates to 1857, and adjacent quarters for the lightkeeper.  The island also contains the sites of quarters for lifesaving service personnel and private-sector fishermen.
Saurav Jha
Saurav Jha is an Indian economic analyst, author, and commentator on geostrategic affairs. His first book, The Upside Down Book of Nuclear Power, was published by HarperCollins in March 2010  and it was translated into several Indian languages. Jha has written for publications such as Le Monde Diplomatique, World Politics Review, The Diplomat, as well as national dailies such as Deccan Herald, The Telegraph and Hindustan Times.

Deccan Herald
Deccan Herald is an Indian English-language daily newspaper published from the Indian state of Karnataka. It was founded by businessman K. N. Guruswamy and launched on 17 June 1948. It is published by The Printers Mysore, a privately held company owned by the Nettakallappa family, heirs of Guruswamy. It has seven editions printed from Bengaluru, Hubballi, Davanagere, Hosapete, Mysuru, Mangaluru, and Kalaburagi.
Émile Leredde
Laurent Victor Louis Émile Leredde (26 October 1866, Paris – 1926) was a French physician, specialising in dermatology.

He studied medicine in Paris, where he received his doctorate in 1893. Later on, he served as laboratory chief at the Hôpital Saint-Louis.

In 1885, Leredde published with François Henri Hallopeau a report on the papular facial rash of tuberous sclerosis, then known as "adénomes sébacés" (adenoma sebaceum). The report also noticed the frequent association of epilepsy with the dermatological condition.

Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who has undergone advanced training (typically 4 years beyond medical school) and manages diseases related to skin. Dermatological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, infections, cancers, hair loss, and cosmetic issues are common in the population, and sometimes difficult to diagnose or treat, requiring the services of a dermatologist. In addition to these routine issues, some conditions such as serious burns, angiodema, necrotizing fasciitis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. Dermatological interventions include systemic and topical medications, surgery, radiation, and physical modalities such as cryosurgery or laser therapy.
Garv: Pride & Honour
Garv: Pride & Honour is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Puneet Issar, in his directorial debut. The film stars Salman Khan, Shilpa Shetty, Arbaaz Khan and Amrish Puri. The film dealt with the Mumbai Underworld and politics in Maharashtra.

Organised crime in India
There is no firm data to indicate the number of organised criminal gangs operating in India, their membership, their modus operandi, and the areas of their operations. Their structure and leadership patterns may not strictly fall in line with the classical Sicilian Mafia.

Indian organized crime is also prevalent outside of India, mainly in western countries such as Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. In Canada Indian organized crime groups have been involved in extortion, targeted violence and terrorism. The ongoing diplomatic row between Canada and India is in relation to this. Unrelated to the established crime groups in India, are there also crime groups of Indian-origin engaging in criminal activities such as drugtrafficking, extortion, smuggling and money laundering in Canada and the United Kingdom.
Korkinskoye (rural locality)
Korkinskoye (Russian: Коркинское) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Korkinskoye, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a selo in Turinsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Korkinskoye, Vologda Oblast, a village in Kubinsky Selsoviet of Kharovsky District of Vologda Oblast

Turinsky District
Turinsky District (Russian: Тури́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Turinsky Urban Okrug. Its administrative center is the town of Turinsk. Population: 28,274 (2010 Census);  32,540 (2002 Census); 40,749 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Turinsk accounts for 63.4% of the district's total population.
All Nations Bible College
All Nations Bible College was a missionary college in London, founded in 1892. By 1923 it was headed by F. B. Meyer, who also presided over the All Nations Missionary Union.  The college trained single men and married couples.

In 1962, the college changed its name to All Nations Missionary College. In 1964, it moved from Taplow, in Buckinghamshire, to Easneye Mansion near Ware.  In 1971, the college merged with two other missionary schools to become All Nations Christian College.

The current school can accommodate 100 students in their Easneye Mansion complex, which coincidentally is dissected by the prime meridian line.

F. B. Meyer
Frederick Brotherton Meyer (8 April 1847 – 28 March 1929), a contemporary and friend of D. L. Moody and A. C. Dixon, was a Baptist pastor and evangelist in England involved in ministry and inner city mission work on both sides of the Atlantic. Author of numerous religious books and articles, many of which remain in print today, he was described in an obituary as The Archbishop of the Free Churches.
The Feathered Serpent (TV series)
The Feathered Serpent is a British children's serial costume drama television series made for ITV by Thames Television, set in pre-Columbian Mexico and starring Patrick Troughton as the scheming High Priest Nasca. It is an adventure story about good and evil. Two series were first broadcast in 1976 and 1978.

Good and evil
In philosophy, religion, and psychology, "good and evil" is a common dichotomy. In religions with Manichaean and Abrahamic influence, evil is perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.

Evil is often used to denote profound immorality. Evil has also been described as a supernatural force. Definitions of evil vary, as does the analysis of its motives. However, elements that are commonly associated with evil involve unbalanced behavior involving expediency, selfishness, ignorance, or negligence.

The principal study of good and evil (or morality) is ethics, of which there are three major branches: normative ethics concerning how we ought to behave, applied ethics concerning particular moral issues, and metaethics concerning the nature of morality itself.
Mieczysław Kasprzycki
Mieczysław Kasprzycki (13 December 1910 – 21 October 2001) was a Polish ice hockey player. He played for HC Vítkovice, Slavia Praha, AZS Katowice, Dąb Katowice, Cracovia, and KTH Krynica during his career. Born in Ostrava, in what is now the Czech Republic, Kasprzycki first played hockey there and moved to Poland in 1935. He won the Polish league title five times in his career. Kasprzycki also played for the Polish national team at the 1936 and 1948 Winter Olympics, and two World Championships: in 1939 and 1947. After retiring he coached the Polish national team from 1952 until 1955, including the 1952 Winter Olympics and three World Championships.

Cracovia (ice hockey)
Cracovia, commonly erroneously referred to as Cracovia Kraków and playing as Comarch Cracovia for sponsorship reasons, is a professional ice hockey team based in Kraków, Poland. The team competes in the Polska Hokej Liga, the highest league in Poland. With 12 Polish championships (as of 2025), it is one of the most accomplished Polish ice hockey teams.
Biker bar
A biker bar is a bar that is frequented by bikers (motorcycle riders). Some are owned or managed by people who are friendly toward bikers. Some bars and restaurants advertise that they are "biker friendly" to attract more bikers and motorcycle (bike) enthusiasts. Biker bars are patronized by people from all walks of life, including bikers, non-bikers, and motorcycle club adherents, including outlaw motorcycle clubs.

Outlaw motorcycle club
An outlaw motorcycle club, known colloquially as a biker club or bikie club (in Australia), is a motorcycle subculture generally centered on the use of cruiser motorcycles, particularly Harley-Davidsons and choppers, and a set of ideals that purport to celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture and loyalty to the biker group. The subculture emerged in the United States in the late 1940s and has since spread globally.

In the United States, such motorcycle clubs (MCs) are considered "outlaw" not necessarily because they engage in criminal activity but because they are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and do not adhere to the AMA's rules. Instead, the clubs have bylaws reflecting the outlaw biker culture.

The U.S. Department of Justice defines "outlaw motorcycle gangs" (OMG) as "organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises".
2023–24 KNVB Cup
The 2023–24 KNVB Cup, for sponsoring reasons officially called the TOTO KNVB Beker, was the 106th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 110 teams contested, beginning in August with the first of two preliminary rounds, and ending in April 2024 with the final played at De Kuip in Rotterdam. They qualified for the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League league stage. PSV were the two-time defending champions, having defeated Ajax 3–2 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in the previous season's final. They were unable to defend their title after losing to eventual champions Feyenoord in the round of 16.

Feyenoord won the cup (their fourteenth cup win) on 21 April 2024, defeating NEC 1–0 in the final. Since they qualified for European football based on league position, the Europa League spot from the cup was passed to the fourth-placed team of the 2023–24 Eredivisie.

De Kuip
Stadion Feijenoord (pronounced [ˌstaːdijɔɱ ˈfɛiənoːrt]), more commonly known by its nickname De Kuip (pronounced [də ˈkœyp], the Tub), is a stadium in Rotterdam, Netherlands. It was completed in 1937. The name is derived from the Feijenoord district in Rotterdam, and from the club with the same name (although the club's name was internationalised to Feyenoord in 1973). The stadium has also hosted the Dutch national football team. Beginning in the late 1970s, it also became a concert venue, including for international touring musical acts, though the local government stopped allowing concerts after mid-2025.

The stadium's original capacity was 64,000. In 1949, it was expanded to 69,000, and in 1994 it was converted to a 51,117-seat all-seater. In 1999, a significant amount of restoration and interior work took place at the stadium before its use as a venue in the UEFA Euro 2000 tournament, although capacity was largely unaffected.
Plays-in-the-Park
Plays-in-the-Park is a government-sponsored outdoor amphitheater located in Edison, New Jersey.  Middlesex County's Plays-in-the-Park has been in existence since 1963.  Generally, three full-scale musical productions run in the summer, from June to August.  In the fall, the theater is transformed into a black box where the annual children's show takes place; the indoor children's musical tradition began in 1992.  In the winter, Plays-in-the-Park uses the State Theater in New Brunswick, NJ to put on their final show of the season.  Plays-in-the-Park has been using the State Theater for their annual production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat since 1994.

Jesus Christ Superstar
Jesus Christ Superstar is a sung-through rock opera with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. Loosely based on the Gospel accounts of the Passion, the work interprets the psychology of Jesus and other characters, with much of the plot centred on Judas, who is dissatisfied with how Jesus steers his disciples. Contemporary attitudes, sensibilities, and slang pervade the rock opera's lyrics, and ironic allusions to modern life are scattered throughout the depiction of political events; stage and film productions accordingly contain many intentional anachronisms.

Initially unable to get backing for a stage production, the composers released the score as a 1970 concept album, an immediate success which led to its Broadway stage debut in 1971. By 1980, the musical had grossed more than $237 million worldwide. Running over eight years in London between 1972 and 1980, the show held the record for longest-running West End musical until 1989 (overtaken by Cats).
Maritime Washington National Heritage Area
Maritime Washington National Heritage Area is a federally designated National Heritage Area in the state of Washington. It encompasses nearly 3000 miles of the state's saltwater shorelines from Grays Harbor County to the Canadian border across 13 counties. It showcases the rich marine history of the Pacific Northwest, and aims to celebrate the diverse cultures of Washington's saltwater shores. The Maritime Washington National Heritage Area was established in 2019. It is administered by the Washington Trust for Historic Preservation.

Grays Harbor County, Washington
Grays Harbor County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 75,636. Its county seat is Montesano, and its largest city is Aberdeen. Grays Harbor County is included in the Aberdeen Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Boldino
Boldino (Russian: Болдино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Boldino, Perm Krai, a village in Kultayevskoye Rural Settlement, Permsky District, Perm Krai

Boldino (settlement), Vladimir Oblast, a settlement in Pekshinskoye Rural Settlement, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Boldino (village), Vladimir Oblast, a village in Pekshinskoye Rural Settlement, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast

Bolshoye Boldino, a rural settlement in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast that is the ancestral home of Alexander Pushkin

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
James Thomson (footballer, fl. 1912–1928)
James Thomson (born in Dumbarton) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as an outside left. During his career, he played for a number of clubs, including short spells at Clydebank Juniors, Renton, Manchester United, Dumbarton Harp and Clyde, followed by 11 years with St Mirren.

During his time at Manchester United, he made six appearances, scoring one goal, during the 1913–14 Football League season. He was part of the St Mirren team which won the Scottish Cup in 1926, beating Celtic (he had scored the winning goal in their semi-final victory over Rangers).

Dumbarton Harp F.C.
Dumbarton Harp Football Club was a football club based in the town of Dumbarton in the west of Scotland. They were formed in 1894 by Irish Catholic immigrants to the area in a similar way to the formation of Celtic in Glasgow and Hibernian in Edinburgh.

There was also a junior club at the same time as Dumbarton Harp, formed in 1906. Their first game was against "Corinthians" (probably the local "Dumbarton Corinthians" that were around at this time) on 22 August 1906, losing 2–1.
Neal Kozodoy
Neal Kozodoy is an American writer, journalist and editor.

Kozodoy joined the staff of Commentary in 1966 and served as editor from 1995 to 2009.  He continues as editor-at-large.

According to Peter Wehner writing in the National Review, Kozodoy "has been a key, if largely unheralded, figure in shaping the intellectual and moral debates of our time."

He is the editor of Mosaic Magazine.

Commentary (magazine)
Commentary is a monthly American magazine on religion, Judaism, Israel, politics, and social and cultural issues. It is headed by John Podhoretz. Founded by the American Jewish Committee in 1945 under Elliot E. Cohen, editor from 1945 to 1959, Commentary magazine developed into the leading post-World War II journal of Jewish affairs. It strove to construct a new American Jewish identity while processing the events of the Holocaust, the formation of the State of Israel, and the Cold War. Norman Podhoretz edited the magazine from 1960 to 1995.

Besides its coverage of cultural issues, Commentary provided a voice for the anti-Stalinist left. As Podhoretz shifted from a liberal Democrat to neoconservatism in the 1970s and 1980s, he moved the magazine with him to the right and toward the Republican Party.
Felix A. Chami
Felix A. Chami is an archaeologist from Tanzania. He is a professor at the University of Dar es Salaam, focusing on East African coastal archaeology. Dr. Chami discovered, on the island of Mafia and Juani, artifacts that revealed East Africa as being integral to the Indian Ocean trade. Chami earned a first degree in sociology from the University of Dar es Salaam in 1986, a master's degree in anthropology from Brown University in 1988 and a Ph.D. in archaeology from Uppsala University in 1994.

Indian Ocean trade
Indian Ocean trade has been a key factor in East–West exchanges throughout history. Long-distance maritime trade by  Austronesian trade ships and South Asian and Middle Eastern dhows, made it a dynamic zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from Southeast Asia to East and Southeast Africa, and the East Mediterranean in the West, in prehistoric and early historic periods. Cities and states on the Indian Ocean rim focused on both the sea and the land.
Kim Hee-won
Kim Hee-won (Korean: 김희원; born January 10, 1971) is a South Korean actor and director. Since 2007, he has played supporting roles in films and television series, with notable titles including The Man from Nowhere (2010), Mr. Go (2013), and Misaeng: Incomplete Life (2014).

The Man from Nowhere (2010 film)
The Man from Nowhere (Korean: 아저씨; RR: Ajeossi; lit. Mister) is a 2010 South Korean neo-noir action-thriller film starring Won Bin and written and directed by Lee Jeong-beom. In the film, a mysterious man embarks on a bloody rampage when his young neighbor is kidnapped.

The Man from Nowhere was the highest-grossing film in South Korea in 2010. It was released in the United States and Canada on October 1, 2010. The film also marked Won's final appearance as an actor to date.
Heath, Shropshire
Heath is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Abdon and Heath, in the Clee Hills area of Shropshire, England.

The settlement and wider rural area historically had a larger population than now, especially in medieval times. Heath Chapel is a Norman Grade I Listed building. Heath was formerly a township in the parish of Stoke-St. Milborough, in 1866 Heath became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2017 the parish was abolished and merged with Abdon to form "Abdon and Heath". In 1971 the parish had a population of 26. From 1974 to 2009 it was in South Shropshire district.

Nearby are the larger settlements of Bouldon and Clee St. Margaret. Heath lies at approximately 240 metres (790 ft) above sea level.

Clee Hills
The Clee Hills are a range of hills in Shropshire, England near Ludlow, consisting of Brown Clee Hill 540 metres (1,770 ft), the highest peak in Shropshire, and Titterstone Clee Hill 533 metres (1,749 ft). They are both in the Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Batkoa major
Batkoa major is a naturally occurring fungus that infects insects.

Little is known about the pathogen. Found in the soil and belonging to the entomopathogenic fungi, the fungus spores attach to the insects' bodies upon contact. The fungus then enters the insect's body through weak spots in the outer cuticle or exoskeleton. The fungus then forms rhizoids to anchor its dying host to a tree, as spores start to develop on the insect's outer body and short-lived infective spores are ejected. The host insect dies between 4 – 7 days after being infected.
Traces of the infective spores are hard to find in the environment.

The fungus has been studied as an environmentally-friendly insecticide to control pests such as the invasive spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) in north-eastern North America. Other known targets include the pine beauty moth and the potato leafhopper.

Pine beauty
The pine beauty (Panolis flammea) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common species of pine woods in Europe. The distribution area extends from Portugal to western Siberia, the Caucasus and Asia Minor. In the north it extends to the Arctic Circle, in the south it is found in Ceuta in Northern Africa in and southern Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia).

The forewings are typically rich orange brown, but sometimes are dark grey, with two large pale stigmata and fine streaks along the termen. The hindwings are brown or blackish.
Barbara Niethammer
Barbara Niethammer (born 1967) is a German mathematician and materials scientist who works as a professor at the Hausdorff Center for Mathematics at the University of Bonn. Her research concerns partial differential equations for physical materials, and in particular the phenomenon of Ostwald ripening by which particles in liquids grow over time.

Ostwald ripening
Ostwald ripening is a phenomenon observed in solid solutions and liquid sols that involves the change of an inhomogeneous structure over time, in that small crystals or sol particles first dissolve and then redeposit onto larger crystals or sol particles.

Dissolution of small crystals or sol particles and the redeposition of the dissolved species on the surfaces of larger crystals or sol particles was first described by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1896. For colloidal systems, Ostwald ripening is also found in water-in-oil emulsions, while flocculation is found in oil-in-water emulsions.