hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zernek
Zernek (formerly: Hamurkesen, Zernak or Zerinak) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Gürpınar, Van Province, Turkey. Its population is 122 (2022).

The village became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century and was invaded by the Russian Empire during the First World War.
Zernek lies in a valley near the road from  Gürpınar to Hoşab and has several ruined historical monuments. Such as an Ottoman mosque in the village which was built in 1710. But its dome was probably destroyed during World War I. Close to the village is a ruined castle, probably medieval with Ottoman repairs. Nearby the castle is another old mosque. There is also a ruined bathhouse and Han (roadside inn) and a medieval Muslim cemetery but some of the stones have been smashed.

The Zernek Dam is located near the village. Other historic castles in the region are Hoşap Castle and the ancient Urartian fortress of Sardurihinilli, excavated between 1961 and 1986 by Afif Erzen.

Urartian language
Urartian or Vannic is an extinct Hurro-Urartian language which was spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Urartu (Biaini or Biainili in Urartian), which was centered on the region around Lake Van and had its capital, Tushpa, near the site of the modern town of Van in the Armenian highlands, now in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its past prevalence is unknown. While some believe it was probably dominant around Lake Van and in the areas along the upper Zab valley, others believe it was spoken by a relatively small population who comprised a ruling class.

First attested in the 9th century BCE, Urartian ceased to be written after the fall of the Urartian state in 585 BCE and presumably became extinct due to the fall of Urartu. It must have had long contact with, and been gradually totally replaced by, an early form of Armenian.
Lady Hester Stanhope
Lady Hester Lucy Stanhope (12 March 1776 – 23 June 1839) was a British adventurer, writer, antiquarian, and one of the most famous travellers of her age. Her excavation of Ascalon in 1815 is considered the first to use modern archaeological principles, and her use of a medieval Italian document is described as "one of the earliest uses of textual sources by field archaeologists". Her letters and memoirs made her famous as an explorer.

Ottoman clothing
Ottoman clothing or Ottoman fashion is the style and design of clothing worn during the Ottoman Empire. Fashion during the Ottoman Empire was a significant facet of the empire's cultural identity, serving as a marker of status, occupation, religion, and more.

Reflecting the diverse nature and broad reaches of the Ottoman Empire, attire of both men and women was influenced by a combination of many different traditional dresses.
St Patrick's College, Ballarat
St Patrick's College, sometimes referred to as St Pat's, Paddy's or SPC, is an independent Catholic secondary day and boarding school for boys, located in central Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. The school was founded by the Congregation of Christian Brothers in 1893, who continue to run the school through Edmund Rice Education Australia. The school provides education for boys from Year 7 to Year 12, with an emphasis on academic and sporting programs.

The college promotes the teachings of Jesus Christ and the Catholic Church, basing itself on the four pillars of faith, excellence, tradition and joy. The patron of the college, Paul Bird, Bishop of Ballarat, presides over the major college Masses along with other priests (including former students of St Patrick's).

Year 7
Year 7 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand. It is the seventh full year (or eighth in Australia and England) of compulsory education and is roughly equivalent to grade 6 in the United States and Canada (or to grade 7 for the Australian Year 7). Children in this year are between 11 and 12.
2007 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's madison
The Men's Madison was one of the 10 men's events at the 2007 UCI Track World Championship, held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. The event was won by the Swiss pairing of Franco Marvulli and Bruno Risi. Defending champions Spain was represented by Joan Llaneras and Carlos Torrent, following the death of Llaneras's long-time Madison partner Isaac Gálvez in November 2006.

16 teams, each of two riders participated in the contest. The Final was held on April 1, 2007, at 16:10.

Bruno Risi
Bruno Risi (born 6 September 1968) is a retired Swiss professional racing cyclist. He competed at five Olympic Games.

Risi was one of the top six-day riders of his generation; he won many professional Madison events during his long career.

He is the ninth Swiss sportsperson to compete at five Olympics (1988, 1996/2008), after middle-distance runner Paul Martin, equestrians Henri Chammartin and Gustav Fischer, javelin thrower Urs von Wartburg, equestrian Christine Stückelberger, and Alpine skier Paul Accola, shooter Gabriele Bühlmann, and equestrian Markus Fuchs.
Paattinen
Paattinen (Finnish: [ˈpɑːtːinen]; Swedish: Patis) is a village in south-west Finland and a district of the city of Turku. It is located to the north of the city, and is the largest of the city's districts by area. It borders the neighbouring municipalities of Vahto, Nousiainen, Mynämäki, Pöytyä, Aura and Lieto. It is rather sparsely populated, and has a population of only 2,430 (as of 2004) despite being much larger than any other of the city's districts. Paattinen has an annual population growth rate of 0.99%.

20.21% of the district's population are under 15 years old, while 15.31% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 98.40% Finnish, 1.03% Swedish, and 0.58% other, making Paattinen one of the most homogeneous districts in Turku.

Paattinen is also a former municipality of Finland. It is the most recent municipality to be annexed to Turku, in 1973.

Municipalities of Finland
The municipalities (Finnish: kunta; Swedish: kommun) represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental, self-governing administrative units of the country. The entire country is incorporated into municipalities and legally, all municipalities are equal, although certain municipalities are called cities or towns (Finnish: kaupunki; Swedish: stad). Municipalities have the right to levy a flat percentual income tax, which is between 16 and 22 percent, and they provide two thirds of public services. Municipalities control many community services, such as schools, health care and the water supply, and local streets. They do not maintain highways, set laws or keep police forces, which are responsibilities of the central government.
Xishancun Formation
The Xishancun Formation is a geological formation located at Qujing, Yunnan, South China. Xishancun Formation has remains of petalichthyid and galeaspid fish and it represents the Early Devonian period (Early Lochkovian) of China.

Northern and southern China
Northern China (Chinese: 中国北方 or 中国北部; lit. 'China's North') and southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
Los Angeles Knight Riders
The Los Angeles Knight Riders are an American professional Twenty20 cricket team based in the Greater Los Angeles area that competes in Major League Cricket (MLC). The team's planned home ground is in Great Park in Irvine, California.

The franchise is owned by the Knight Riders Group, a sporting subsidiary alliance between Red Chillies Entertainment and the Mehta Group. The Knight Riders' minor league affiliate—the Los Angeles Lashings compete in Minor League Cricket.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Pink-tailed worm-lizard
The pink-tailed worm-lizard or granite worm-lizard (Aprasia parapulchella) is a rare legless lizard found in Australia.  The animal looks like a combination of small snake and worm. Its total length is up to 14 cm. It has a pink tail and is white underneath. The head and neck are brown, and the rest of the top of the body is pale grey.  Scales on the back each have a dark bar, giving the appearance of dots down the back. It is found on two hills near Tarcutta, Bathurst, New South Wales, Bendigo in Victoria, and along the sides of the Molonglo River and Murrumbidgee River and on Mount Taylor in the Australian Capital Territory.  The lizards eat invertebrates that live under rocks.  They can be found under rocks sized from 0.15 to 0.6 m.
Their main diet is ant eggs, particularly from Iridomyrmex species and Rhytidoponera metallica.

Bathurst, New South Wales
Bathurst (/ˈbæθɜːrst/ BATH-erst, locally /ˈbæθəst/ BATH-əst) is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Bathurst is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Founded in 1815, Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 44,621 in 2023.

Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country, as the area was the site of Australia's first discovery of payable gold in 1851, and where Australia's first gold rush occurred. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama, also known as Wahluu, is a landmark of the city which brings in a lot of tourism, especially during the week of the Bathurst 1000. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century.
Bond, Colorado
Bond is an unincorporated community and U.S. Post Office located along the Colorado River in Eagle County, Colorado, United States. The Bond post office has the ZIP Code 80423. Although Bond has never had a sizable population, the town has significant railroad history, and once was a stop for most of the passenger trains along the Denver and Rio Grande Western's main line.

Colorado River Headwaters National Scenic Byway
The Colorado River Headwaters National Scenic Byway is an 80-mile (129 km) National Scenic Byway and Colorado Scenic and Historic Byway located in Eagle and Grand counties, Colorado, US. The byway follows the upper Colorado River from Grand Lake down to State Bridge. The byway connects with the Trail Ridge Road/Beaver Meadow National Scenic Byway at Grand Lake.
Tussidia gens
The gens Tussidia or Tusidia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  No members of this gens are mentioned by Roman writers, but a number are known from inscriptions, including Lucius Tusidius Campester, who attained the consulship in AD 142.

Picenum
Picenum was a region of ancient  Italy. The name was assigned by the Romans, who conquered and incorporated it into the Roman Republic. Picenum became Regio V in the Augustan territorial organisation of Roman Italy. It is now in Marche and the northern part of Abruzzo.

The Piceni or Picentes were the native population of Picenum, but they were not of uniform ethnicity. They maintained a sanctuary to the Sabine goddess Cupra in Cupra Marittima.

Picenum was also the birthplace of such Roman notables as Pompey the Great and his father, Pompeius Strabo.
Richard C. Kagan
Richard C. Kagan (born June 24, 1938) is an American professor of East Asian history and a political activist. For over three decades (1973-2005) he taught East Asian history at Hamline University in St. Paul, Minnesota, and currently holds the rank of Professor Emeritus.

Hamline University
Hamline University (/ˈhæmlɪn/ HAM-lin) is a private university in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1854, Hamline is the second oldest university in Minnesota, the first coeducational university in the state, and is one of five Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities. The university is named after Bishop Leonidas Lent Hamline of the United Methodist Church. As of 2017, Hamline had 2,117 undergraduate students and 1,668 graduate students.

In 2022, the university attracted widespread criticism after firing an adjunct professor for showing paintings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in a class on the history of Islamic art.
Monastery of Christ the Word
The Monastery of Christ the Word is a priory of the English Benedictine Congregation (EBC) located in Macheke, Zimbabwe, within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Harare. Founded in 1996, its community comprises some five monks.

Macheke
Macheke is a small Zimbabwean town located in Murehwa District in the province of Mashonaland East, located about 105 km south-east of Harare on the main A3 Harare-Mutare highway road. According to the 1982 population census, the town had a population of 1,888. It was named after the Macheke River and means "you have divided".
Variable-length quantity
A variable-length quantity (VLQ) is a universal code that uses an arbitrary number of binary octets (eight-bit bytes) to represent an arbitrarily large integer. A VLQ is essentially a base-128 representation of an unsigned integer with the addition of the eighth bit to mark continuation of bytes. VLQ is identical to LEB128 except in endianness. See the example below.

Sign bit
In computer science, the sign bit is a bit in a signed number representation that indicates the sign of a number.  Although only signed numeric data types have a sign bit, it is invariably located in the most significant bit position, so the term may be used interchangeably with "most significant bit" in some contexts.

Almost always, if the sign bit is 0, the number is non-negative (positive or zero).  If the sign bit is 1 then the number is negative. Formats other than two's complement integers allow a signed zero: distinct "positive zero" and "negative zero" representations, the latter of which does not correspond to the mathematical concept of a negative number.

When using a complement representation, to convert a signed number to a wider format the additional bits must be filled with copies of the sign bit in order to preserve its numerical value,: 61–62  a process called sign extension or sign propagation.
Lionel Edwards
Lionel Edwards (9 November 1878 – 13 April 1966) was a British artist who specialised in painting horses and other aspects of British country life.  He is best known for his hunting scenes but also painted pictures of horse racing, shooting and fishing.  He provided illustrations for Country Life, The Sphere, The Graphic and numerous books.

Black Beauty
Black Beauty: His Grooms and Companions, the Autobiography of a Horse is an 1877 novel by English author Anna Sewell. It was written from a horse as main character's perspective. She wrote it in the last years of her life, during which she was bedridden and seriously ill. The novel became an immediate best-seller, with Sewell dying just five months after its publication, but having lived long enough to see her only novel become a success. With over fifty million copies sold, Black Beauty is one of the best-selling books of all time.

While forthrightly teaching animal welfare, it also teaches how to treat people with kindness, sympathy, and respect. In 2003, the novel was listed at number 58 on the BBC's survey The Big Read. It is seen as a forerunner of the pony book genre.
Abdʿobodat
Abdʿobodat (Nabataean Arabic: 𐢗𐢃𐢅𐢗𐢃𐢅𐢞‎, romanized: ʿBDʿBDT) son of Wahballahi, was a 1st-century Nabatean Arab stonemason who worked in the city of Hegra, and constructed a number of monumental rock-cut tombs.

He is named by inscriptions on five of the tomb facades Hegra as the executing craftsman. On the basis of the inscriptions, four of the facades can be dated to the reigns of kings Aretas IV and Malichus II. Abd'obodat belonged to a family of professional stonemasons. He inherited the family business from his father Wahballahi and his uncle Abdharetat and succeeded them in at least one workshop in the second generation of Nabatean architects. Abd'obodat is considered to be the main representative of one of the two main schools of the Nabataean stonemasons, to which his father, his uncle belonged.

Aretas IV Philopatris
Aretas IV Philopatris (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢊𐢛𐢞𐢞 𐢛𐢊𐢒 𐢗𐢓𐢆‎, romanized: Ḥārītaṯ Rāḥem-ʿammeh, lit. 'Aretas, friend of his people' or, "lover of his people") was the King of the Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to 40 AD.

Aretas' daughter Phasaelis was married to, and divorced from, Herod Antipas. Herod then married Herodias, his stepbrother's wife. It was John the Baptist's opposition to this marriage that led to his beheading. After Aretas received news of the divorce, he invaded the territory of Herod Antipas and defeated his army. Like his predecessors, the king's name as transcribed in Arabic is الحارث‎, Al Ḥāriṯ or الحارثة‎, Al-Ḥāriṯa, stemming from Harith which means "the collector, provider; plowman; cultivator".
1995 Schweppes Tasmanian International – Doubles
Linda Harvey-Wild and Chanda Rubin were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Harvey-Wild with Leila Meskhi and Rubin with Kristie Boogert.

Harvey-Wild and Meskhi lost in the first round to Boogert and Rubin.

Boogert and Rubin lost in the quarter-finals to Vickie Paynter and Nicole Pratt.

Kyōko Nagatsuka and Ai Sugiyama won in the final 2–6, 6–4, 6–2 against Manon Bollegraf and Larisa Neiland.

Ai Sugiyama
Ai Sugiyama (杉山愛, Sugiyama Ai; born July 5, 1975) is a Japanese former tennis player. She reached the world No. 1 ranking in women's doubles on the WTA Tour and had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 8, achieved on February 9, 2004. In her career, she won six singles and 38 doubles titles, including three Grand Slam titles (one with Julie Halard-Decugis and two partnering Kim Clijsters), and one Grand Slam mixed doubles title (partnering Mahesh Bhupathi). Sugiyama held the all-time record, for both male and female players, for her 62 consecutive Grand Slam main-draw appearances, until she was surpassed by Roger Federer at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships.
Koldo Izagirre
Koldo Izagirre Urreaga (born 21 June 1953 in Pasaia, Gipuzkoa) is an innovative Basque writer who has worked in several genres of literature, including poetry, novels, and tales. Izagirre has translated works by classic authors into other languages. He has also written texts, both for young people and adults. In addition, he has produced journal and magazine articles, and written television and film scripts.

In 1978, he founded the literature magazine Oh! Euzkadi with Ramon Saizarbitoria and other writers. In the 1980s he wrote Panpina Ustela with Bernardo Atxaga.

In 1990, he directed the film Offeko maitasuna and also wrote the script, as he did for the film Ke arteko egunak. He also wrote some cartoons.

Pasaia
Pasaia (Spanish: Pasajes) is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Autonomous Community of northern Spain. It is a fishing community, commercial port and the birthplace of the famous admiral Blas de Lezo and of the fashion designer Paco Rabanne.

Pasaia lies approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of San Sebastián's centre, lying at the foot of Mount Ulia and the Jaizkibel massif. The municipality numbers 16,056 inhabitants (as of 2008 estimates), clustering around the Bay of Pasaia in four nuclei, namely Pasai San Pedro, Pasai San Juan (or Donibane in Basque), Antxo and Trintxerpe, with each part showing distinctive features.
Desmond Cory
Desmond Cory (16 February 1928 in Lancing, Sussex – 31 January 2001 in Marbella, Spain) was a pseudonym used by British mystery/thriller writer Shaun Lloyd McCarthy.

Desmond Cory wrote over 45 novels, including the creation of serial characters such as Johnny Fedora, a debonair British secret agent. Cory also wrote screenplays for Graham Greene novels (such as England Made Me) and had a number of his own novels appear on the big-screen and in TV thriller series.

Desmond Cory was arguably one of Britain's most prolific thriller writers. His writing spans over 40 years, during which time he used up to three different pen names, such was the demand for his work.  Academics cover his works in such books as British Mystery and Thriller Writers Since 1940, and Detecting Men: A Reader's Guide and Checklist for Mystery Series Written By Men.

England Made Me (novel)
England Made Me or The Shipwrecked is an early novel  by Graham Greene. It was first published in 1935, and was republished as The Shipwrecked in 1953.

It is set in Stockholm (which Greene visited in 1933 to prepare for writing the novel) and concerns the travails of ne'er-do-well Anthony Farrant who finds himself working as a bodyguard to a dubious Swedish financier whose character is loosely inspired by Ivar Kreuger. In typical Greene fashion, the seedy antihero wrestles with his conscience as murky moral dilemmas begin to trouble even his disreputable soul.
Guanacaste (Legislative Assembly constituency)
Guanacaste is one of the seven multi-member constituencies of the Legislative Assembly, the national legislature of Costa Rica. The constituency was established in 1949 when the Legislative Assembly was established by the modified constitution imposed by the Figueres dictatorship. It is conterminous with the province of Guanacaste. The constituency currently elects four of the 57 members of the Legislative Assembly using the closed party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2022 general election it had 259,994 registered electors.

Founding Junta of the Second Republic
The Founding Junta of the Second Republic was a de facto government which existed in the Republic of Costa Rica from May 8, 1948, to November 8, 1949, with the overthrow of the constitutional president Teodoro Picado Michalski, by a group of revolutionaries headed by José Figueres Ferrer.

After the end of the Civil War which lasted 44 days and the peace agreements negotiated in the Mexican Embassy and the Ochomogo area known as Ochomogo Pact and Mexican Embassy Pact, Picado agreed to resign and Vice President Santos León Herrera took over for the remaining of the period; a little more than a month until May 8, 1948. As agreed in the Figueres-Ulate Pact, Figueres would rule by decree for 18 months and then power will be given to president-elect and alleged winner of the 1948 Costa Rican general election Otilio Ulate Blanco.