hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Syrian Basic Law of 1920
The Syrian Basic Law of 1920 was the first constitution of Syria, adopted during the brief existence of the Arab Kingdom of Syria under King Faisal I. Drafted and adopted by the Syrian National Congress, it established Syria as a secular, constitutional monarchy with a representative parliamentary system, separation of powers, and national sovereignty. The constitution remained in force only for a few days before the French occupation of Damascus following the Battle of Maysalun and the imposition of the French Mandate, which annulled the constitutional order. Despite its short lifespan, the 1920 constitution is regarded as a foundational document in the development of modern Syrian constitutional thought.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Heian Maru
Heian Maru can refer to:

A number of steamships including:
SS Komagata Maru, a Japanese cargo ship in service 1924-26
SS Heian Maru (1902), a Japanese cargo ship in service 1930-33
SS Heian Maru (1917), a Japanese cargo ship in service 1917-45 or later
SS Heian Maru (1920), a Japanese cargo ship in service 1920-44
Heian Maru, a Japanese ocean liner launched in 1930 and sunk in 1944 while serving as a submarine tender

MV Heian Maru, a number of ships with this name

SS Komagata Maru
Komagata Maru (Japanese: 駒形丸, Hepburn: Komagata Maru) was a cargo steamship that was built in Scotland in 1890, was in German ownership until 1913, and then had a succession of Japanese owners until she was wrecked in 1926. She was launched as Stubbenhuk, renamed Sicilia in 1894, Komagata Maru in 1913 and Heian Maru in 1924.

In 1914 Komagata Maru was chartered to take 376 Sikh and other migrants from the Far East to Canada, where they wished to settle. Before it set sail from Hong Kong to Vancouver in 1914, the Komagata Maru steamship was renamed Guru Nanak Jahaz. This resulted in the Komagata Maru incident, in which Canadian immigration authorities in Vancouver, British Columbia refused to let most of them disembark.
Takeover Tour
The Takeover Tour (stylized in all caps as THE TAKEØVER TØUR) was the seventh concert tour by the American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, in support of their sixth studio album Scaled and Icy (2021). The tour began at the Bluebird Theater in Denver on September 21, 2021, and concluded at Wembley Arena in London on June 25, 2022.

Bluebird Theater
The Bluebird Theater (originally known as the Thompson Theater) is a theater in Denver, Colorado on East Colfax Avenue. The theater was designed by Harry W. J. Edbrooke and built during 1913–1914. It was renamed in 1922. It is currently used as a live music venue.

It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
Max (given name)
Max (/ˈmæks/) is a unisex given name. For males, often short for Maximilian, Maxim, Maksym, Maxwell, Maxfield, or Maximus in English; Maximos in Greek; or Maxime or Maxence in French. For females, it is often short for Maxine.

Almost all Max names derive from the Latin Maximus, in circulation since the Classical Era and used in Ancient Rome as a cognomen. This was the third name in the three-part system known as the tria nomina. The cognomen began as a nickname and would have been given to men of the patrician class who demonstrated traits of greatness. The name Maximus was introduced to the Celtic Britons during the 1st century Roman occupation. Maximus the Confessor was a 7th-century monk and theologian from Constantinople.

Notable people and characters with the name include:

Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names. Although conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that have come to be regarded as the basic elements of the Roman name in fact represent a continuous process of development, from at least the seventh century BC to the end of the seventh century AD. The names that developed as part of this system became a defining characteristic of Roman civilization, and although the system itself vanished during the Early Middle Ages, the names themselves exerted a profound influence on the development of European naming practices, and many continue to survive in modern languages.
Royal Fleet Auxiliary Service Medal
The Royal Fleet Auxiliary Service Medal is a long service medal presented to the officers, petty officers, and rates of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) who complete 20 years of service.  While the RFA services the fleet of the Royal Navy around the world, RFA crews are civilians and thus not eligible for Royal Navy long service awards and decorations.  In 2001, a Royal Warrant was promulgated establishing the medal to recognize the long and efficient service the RFA personnel.  The first awards were presented in 2003 with some 400 RFA personnel eligible for award.

Petty officer
A petty officer (PO) is a non-commissioned officer in many navies. They are superior to a seaman, and subordinate to more senior non-commissioned officers, such as chief petty officers.

Petty officers are usually sailors that have served at least several years in their respective navies. Petty officers represent the junior and mid-grade non-commissioned officer ranks of many naval services, and are generally responsible for the day-to-day supervision of ranks junior to them. They may also serve as technical specialists within their rating (military occupation).
Thames Water Ring Main
The Thames Water Ring Main (TWRM, formerly the London Water Ring Main) is a system of approximately 80 km (50 mi) of concrete tunnels which transfer drinking water from water treatment works in the Thames and River Lea catchments for distribution within central London.

A major part of London's water supply infrastructure, the initial ring was constructed by Thames Water between 1988 and 1993 at a cost of £248 million (equivalent to £638 million in 2023), and when completed, it was the longest tunnel in the UK. Two extensions were constructed between 2007 and 2010.

Brixton
Brixton is an area of South London, part of the London Borough of Lambeth, England. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Brixton experienced a rapid rise in population during the 19th century as communications with central London improved.

Brixton is mainly residential, though includes Brixton Market and a substantial retail sector. It is a multi-ethnic community, with a large percentage of its population of Afro-Caribbean descent. It lies within Inner London and is bordered by Stockwell, Clapham, Streatham, Camberwell, Tulse Hill, Balham and Herne Hill. The district houses the main offices of Lambeth London Borough Council.

Brixton is 2.7 mi (4.3 km) south-southeast from the geographical centre of London (measuring to a point near Brixton Underground station on the Victoria line).
Highlands, Texas
Highlands is a census-designated place (CDP) located along the Union Pacific Railroad, north of Interstate 10 and west of Farm to Market Road 2100, in an industrialized area of unincorporated Harris County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,612 individuals during the 2020 census.

San Jacinto River (Texas)
The San Jacinto River (/ˌsæn dʒəˈsɪntoʊ/ SAN jə-SIN-toh, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o ˈsaŋ xaˈsinto]) is a body of water that flows through southeast Texas. The name also originates from Saint Hyacinth, a Polish Dominican friar and missionary. In the past, it was home to the Karankawa and Akokisa tribes.

The river begins with a west and east fork; the west fork begins in Walker County, to the west of Huntsville, and flows southeast through Montgomery County, where it is dammed to create Lake Conroe. The east fork begins in San Jacinto County, a few miles west of Lake Livingston, then flows south through Cleveland. The confluence of the west and east forks occurs in northeast Harris County, where the river is dammed to create Lake Houston. Continuing southward, the river merges with Buffalo Bayou before the mouth of Galveston Bay, forming part of the Houston Ship Channel.
The Self-Condemned
The Self-Condemned is an 1836 historical novel by the British writer Thomas Gaspey, published in three volumes by Richard Bentley in London. Set in Elizabethan Ireland, it was the first novel Gaspey had published since George Godfrey in 1828 due to his work on The Sunday Times. In a preface he acknowledged the assistance of the Irish antiquarian Thomas Crofton Croker for the historical background. The American edition was released by Harper and Brothers in New York. The principle characters are Edmund Nagle an Irish chieftain and his sister Grace, at the time of the Munster Plantation and Desmond Rebellion.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Erinaceidae
Erinaceidae /ˌɛrɪnəˈsiːɪdiː/ (from Latin erinaceus, "hedgehog")  is a family in the order Eulipotyphla, consisting of the hedgehogs and moonrats. Until recently, it was assigned to the order Erinaceomorpha, which has been subsumed with the paraphyletic Soricomorpha into Eulipotyphla. Eulipotyphla has been shown to be monophyletic; Soricomorpha is paraphyletic because both Soricidae and Talpidae share a more recent common ancestor with Erinaceidae than with solenodons.

Erinaceidae contains the well-known hedgehogs (subfamily Erinaceinae) of Eurasia and Africa and the gymnures or moonrats (subfamily Galericinae) of Southeast Asia. This family was once considered part of the order Insectivora, but that polyphyletic order is now considered defunct.

Solenodon
Solenodons (/soʊˈlɛnədɒnz/; from Ancient Greek σωλήν (sōlḗn), meaning "channel, pipe", and ὀδούς (odoús), meaning "tooth") are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae /soʊˌlɛnəˈdɒntɪdiː/. The two living solenodon species are the Cuban solenodon (Atopogale cubana) and the Hispaniolan solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus). Threats to both species include habitat destruction and predation by non-native cats, dogs, and mongooses, introduced by humans to the solenodons' home islands to control snakes and rodents.

The Hispaniolan solenodon covers a wide range of habitats on the island of Hispaniola from lowland dry forest to highland pine forest. Two other described species became extinct during the Quaternary period. Oligocene North American genera, such as Apternodus, have been suggested as relatives of Solenodon, but the origins of the animal remain obscure.
Compsoctena quassa
Compsoctena quassa is a moth in the family Eriocottidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

The wingspan is about 31 mm. The forewings are grey, closely and suffusedly reticulated with dark fuscous irroration (sprinkles) and with a few grey-whitish scales, as well as obscure irregular spots of dark fuscous suffusion placed as a stigmata, the plical somewhat beyond the first discal. The hindwings are rather dark grey.

Eriocottidae
Eriocottidae or Old World spiny-winged moths is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera whose position relative to other members of the superfamily Tineoidea is currently unknown. There are two subfamilies, Compsocteninae and Eriocottinae.
Norsholm
Norsholm (Swedish pronunciation: [nɔʂˈhɔlm]) is a locality situated in Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 615 inhabitants in 2010. It lies around 15  kilometres southwest of Norrköping.

Norsholm lies on the E4 and Göta kanal. There are not many work places in the town, and most commute to Norrköping or Linköping.

Linköping
Linköping (/ˈlɪnʃəpɪŋ/ ⓘ LIN-shə-ping, Swedish: [ˈlɪ̂nːˌɕøːpɪŋ] ⓘ) is a city in southern Sweden, with around 167,000 inhabitants as of 2024. It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County. Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping (Church of Sweden) and is well known for its cathedral. Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987. Dominating the city's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral (Domkyrkan).

Nowadays, Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry. Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plans to become a carbon-neutral community by 2025. Located on the Östergötland Plain, Linköping is closely linked to Norrköping, roughly 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the east, near the sea.
Bob Buck (sportscaster)
Robert Buck (May 25, 1938–January 22, 1996) was an American sportscaster and sports director. He was the younger brother of St. Louis Cardinals radio broadcaster Jack Buck and was the uncle of national television sportscaster Joe Buck.
Early in his career, Buck was a sportscaster for NBC Radio. He moved to St. Louis, becoming Sports Director for KMOX/KMOV-TV from 1972 to1979 and also served as a sports reporter at the station from 1976 to 1982.

From 1985 to 1996, Buck was Sports Director for WIKY AM/FM radio in Evansville, Indiana, where he also provided play-by-play coverage of University of Evansville basketball, football, soccer, and baseball.

Bob Buck had one daughter (Colleen) and three grandchildren (Robert, Jerry, and Natalie).

KMOV
KMOV (channel 4) is a television station in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, affiliated with CBS and MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power station KDTL-LD (channel 4.6). The two stations share studios on Progress Parkway in suburban Maryland Heights; KMOV's transmitter is located in Lemay, Missouri.
Toshiyuki Seino
Toshiyuki “Tosh” Seino (born October 1938) is an American former competitive judo athlete. Seino was born in Hawthorne, California, United States. After spending several years incarcerated in an  internment camp at California's Tule Lake during World War II, he and his family moved to Japan. Seino won numerous judo competitions at both the national and international levels, beating heavyweight Olympian George Harris, despite being a middleweight. He returned to the United States at age 20. Seino was an AAU National Champion in Judo. Seino enlisted in the US Air Force in 1959 and served as a self defense instructor. Seino competed in three Judo World Championships.

World Judo Championships
The World Judo Championships are the highest level of international judo competition, next to the quadrennial judo events at the Summer Olympic Games. The world championships are held by the International Judo Federation annually, except the calendar years of the Summer Olympics. Qualified judoka compete in their respective categories as representatives of their home countries. Team fixtures have also been held since 1994. The men's championships first took place in 1956, though the format and periodicity of the competition have changed over time. The last edition of the World Judo Championships (2025) was held in Budapest, Hungary.
Champion of the Raj
Champion of the Raj is a turn-based strategy video game developed by Level 9 Computing and published by Personal Software Services. It was released exclusively in the United Kingdom for the Amiga, Atari ST, and IBM PC compatibles in 1991. It is the thirteenth and final instalment in the Strategic Wargames series. The game revolves around European imperialism and colonialism in India. Six factions–British, French, Mogul, Sikhs, Gurkhas, and Marathas–fight to gain overall control of India.

The core of the gameplay is focused on strategy, in which the player must conquer all territories of India through diplomatic or offensive means. It also contains action sequences, including traditional elephant racing and big-game hunting. Critics praised its colourful graphics and storyline, but strongly disliked the long load times and frequent disk swapping.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
1812 Homestead Farm and Museum
The 1812 Homestead Farm and Museum, sometimes known as the 1812 Homestead or the 1812 Homestead Inn, is a historic house located near long pond in Willsboro, New York, occupying 130acres that currently operates as a living history museum.

Originally constructed in 1813 as an inn, the homestead now offers tours and programming allowing the visitors to experience what life was like at that time and educates visitors on 19th-century heritage. The old barn got burnt in August 2016, and a new one got built in 2017. It is also the current home of the Burt School, which was originally located in Essex.

Living museum
A living museum, also known as a living history museum, is a type of museum which recreates historical settings to simulate a past time period, providing visitors with an experiential interpretation of history.  It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period, in an example of living history.
Steven Sater
Steven Sater is a Tony Award, Grammy Award, and Laurence Olivier Award-winning American poet, playwright, lyricist, television writer and screenwriter. He is best known for writing the book and lyrics for the Tony Award-winning 2006 Broadway musical Spring Awakening.

Michael Arden
Michael Jerrod Moore (born October 6, 1982), known professionally as Michael Arden, is an American actor and theatre director. Arden has received two Tony Awards for Best Direction of a Musical, winning for the revival of the musical Parade in 2023 and Maybe Happy Ending in 2025.
Beretta AL391
The Beretta AL391 is a semi-automatic shotgun.  It is manufactured, marketed, and distributed by Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta, in Gardone Val Trompia, Italy.

The AL391 is most often used for hunting birds, and for clay target games such as trap and skeet.  There are several different models, each with multiple variations. The AL391 is chambered in either 12 gauge or 20 gauge.

Clay pigeon shooting
Clay pigeon shooting, also known as clay target shooting, is a shooting sport involving shooting at special flying targets known as "clay pigeons" or "clay targets" with a shotgun. Despite their name, the targets are usually inverted saucers made of pulverized limestone mixed with pitch and a brightly colored pigment.
Listed buildings in Bretby
Bretby is a civil parish in the South Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains 13 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Bretby and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings include houses, cottages and associated structures, a farmhouse and farm buildings, a church, a former school, a former watermill, a bottle kiln and factory, a war memorial and village pump, and a telephone kiosk.

South Derbyshire
South Derbyshire is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The district covers the towns of Melbourne and Swadlincote as well as numerous villages and hamlets such as Hilton, Hatton, Etwall, Aston-on-Trent, Repton, Weston-on-Trent and Willington. About a third of the National Forest lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Derbyshire Dales, Amber Valley, Derby, Erewash, North West Leicestershire, Lichfield and East Staffordshire.
A Legend of Montrose
A Legend of Montrose is a historical novel by Sir Walter Scott, set in Scotland in the 1640s during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It forms, along with The Bride of Lammermoor, the 3rd series of Scott's Tales of My Landlord. The two novels were published together in 1819.

The story takes place during the Earl of Montrose's 1644-5 military campaign in Scotland on behalf of King Charles I against the Covenanters who had sided with the Parliament of England in the English Civil War. In the novel, two soldiers in Montrose's army fall for the same woman. One of the men stabs his rival and then disappears.

Stabbing
A stabbing is penetration or rough contact with a sharp or pointed object at close range. Stab connotes purposeful action, as by an assassin or murderer, but it is also possible to accidentally stab oneself or others. Stabbing differs from slashing or cutting in that the motion of the object used in a stabbing generally moves perpendicular to and directly into the victim's body, rather than being drawn across it.

Stab wounds is the specific form of penetrating trauma to the skin that results from stabbing.
Stabbings have been common among gangs and in prisons because knives are cheap, easy to acquire (or manufacture), easily concealable and relatively effective.
Stabbing has also been used in terrorism.
Erika Hamden
Erika Tobiason Hamden is an American astrophysicist and associate professor at the University of Arizona and Steward Observatory. Her research focuses on developing ultraviolet (UV) detector technology, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS) instrumentation and spectroscopy, and galaxy evolution. She served as the project scientist and project manager of a UV multi-object spectrograph, FIREBall-2, that is designed to observe the circumgalactic medium (CGM). She is a 2019 TED fellow.

Galaxy formation and evolution
In cosmology, the study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, as a result of tiny quantum fluctuations in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The simplest model in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Lambda-CDM model—that is, clustering and merging allows galaxies to accumulate mass, determining both their shape and structure. Hydrodynamics simulation, which simulates both baryons and dark matter, is widely used to study galaxy formation and evolution.