hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gem Glacier
This is Gem Glacier is the smallest  glacier in Glacier National Park (U.S.). Located on the east (Glacier County) side of the Continental Divide arête known as the Garden Wall, the glacier is situated on the cliff face above the better known Grinnell Glacier. Gem Glacier is a hanging glacier, and drapes down from the north face of the steep arete to which it is attached. Gem Glacier is only 5 acres (0.020 km2) in area and is far below the 25 acres (0.10 km2) threshold often cited as qualifying as an active glacier. Between 1966 and 2005, Gem Glacier lost 30 percent of its acreage and Grinnell Glacier lost 40 percent.

Garden Wall
The Garden Wall is a steep alpine area within Glacier National Park well known during the summer months to be heavily covered in dozens of species of flowering plants and shrubs. Located along the west side of the Continental divide and extending northward from Logan Pass, the Garden Wall can be traversed via the popular Highline Trail and for a distance of over  5 mi (8.0 km) to the Granite Park Chalet. The Going-to-the-Sun Road also passes through portions of the Garden Wall northwest of Logan Pass. The Weeping Wall is a short stretch of the Going-to-the-Sun Road where water cascades over the Garden Wall to the roadway below. The Garden Wall is an arête or rock spine that separates the Many Glacier region of the park from Lake McDonald valley.  From Highline Trail it is a 2 miles (3.2 km) round trip hike up Garden Wall Trail to Glacier Overlook, which overlooks Grinnell Glacier from the Garden Wall.
HMS Loch Fada
HMS Loch Fada was the lead ship of the Loch-class frigates of the British Royal Navy, built by John Brown & Company of Clydebank, Scotland, and named after Loch Fada in the Inner Hebrides.

The ship was laid down on 8 June 1943, launched on 14 December, and commissioned in April 1944. She was attached to Captain Johnny Walker's 2nd Escort Group which was detailed to guard the Western Approaches of the British Isles. After the war she was attached to the Londonderry Flotilla until 1952.

Recommissioned in 1955, she operated in the Persian Gulf. After a period of fishery protection after the first "Cod War" between Great Britain and Iceland she served in the Far East from 1962, and supported operations during the Indonesian Confrontation. After decommissioning in 1969 she was used as a testbed in the development of Sea Wolf surface-to-air missiles, and was finally scrapped in 1970.

Western Approaches
The Western Approaches is an approximately rectangular area of the Atlantic Ocean lying immediately to the west of Ireland and parts of Great Britain. Its north and south boundaries are defined by the corresponding extremities of Britain. The coast of the mainland forms the eastern side and the western boundary is the 30 degree meridian, which passes through Iceland. The area is particularly important to the United Kingdom, because many of its larger shipping ports lie within it.

The term is most commonly used when discussing naval warfare, notably during the Napoleonic Wars, the First World War and the Battle of the Atlantic during the Second World War in which Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine attempted to blockade the United Kingdom using submarines (U-boats) operating in this area. Since almost all shipping to and from the United Kingdom passed through this area, it was an excellent hunting ground and had to be heavily defended.
Grupo Auna
Grupo Auna was a telecommunications company that emerged from the former Retevisión, which was one of the two companies that were created in Spain in 1996 after the liberalization of telecommunications.

The group was divided into two parts in 2005; the mobile telephony group Amena, which was purchased by France Télécom and the rest was bought by ONO to a value of 2,200 million euros.

The group was formed by Amena (mobile), Auna (telephony and ADSL services) and AunaCable (Cable Services: Internet, television and telephone).

The cable service Tenaria was acquired in 2004.

ADSL
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ADSL differs from the less common symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL). In ADSL, bandwidth and bit rate are said to be asymmetric, meaning greater toward the customer premises (downstream) than the reverse (upstream). Providers usually market ADSL as an Internet access service primarily for downloading content from the Internet, but not for serving content accessed by others.
Fiume Veneto
Fiume Veneto (Venetian: Fiume; standard Friulian: Vile di Flum; Western Friulian: Flum or Vildiflùm) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest of Trieste and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) southeast of Pordenone.

Fiume Veneto borders the following municipalities: Azzano Decimo, Casarsa della Delizia, Chions, Pordenone, San Vito al Tagliamento, Zoppola.

San Vito al Tagliamento
San Vito al Tagliamento (Friulian: San Vît dal Tiliment) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Pordenone.
Les Cayes
Les Cayes (/leɪ ˈkeɪ, leɪ ˈkaɪ/ lay K(A)Y, French: [le kaj]), often referred to as Aux Cayes (French: [o kaj]; Haitian Creole: Okay), is a commune and seaport in the Les Cayes Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti, with a population of 151,696. Due to its isolation from the political turmoil of the capital, Port-au-Prince, it is one of Haiti's major ports, with export trade concentrating on mostly coffee and sugarcane. As the world's largest supplier of vetiver, it exports 250 tons annually of this ingredient of perfume and fragrance manufacturing. Minor exports include bananas and timber.

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
Great Seal of Northern Ireland
The Great Seal of Northern Ireland is the seal used for Northern Ireland. The great seal is in the possession of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. The Great Seal was created by the Irish Free State (Consequential Provisions) Act 1922 on the creation of Northern Ireland for possession by the Governor of Northern Ireland to "be used for all matters in Northern Ireland for which the Great Seal of Ireland was theretofore used".

This remained until the imposition of direct rule in 1972, followed by the abolition of the post of Governor in 1973, when it was presented to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.

James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn
James Albert Edward Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn (30 November 1869 – 12 September 1953), styled Marquess of Hamilton between 1885 and 1913, was a British peer and Unionist politician. He was the first Governor of Northern Ireland, a post he held between 1922 and 1945.
Mosgrove, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Mosgrove is an unincorporated community in Rayburn Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community lies along the east side of the Allegheny River, 7.0 miles (11.3 km) north of Kittanning via Pennsylvania Route 66.

Rayburn Township, Pennsylvania
Rayburn Township is a township that is located in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,766 at the time of the 2020 census, a decrease from the figure of 1,907 that was tabulated in 2010.
Famines in Ethiopia
Famines in Ethiopia have occurred periodically throughout the history of the country.

The economy was based on subsistence agriculture, with an aristocracy that consumed the surplus. Due to a number of causes, the peasants have lacked incentives to either improve production or to store their excess crops; as a result, they lived from harvest to harvest. Despite the extensive modernization and land reform in the country during the last 120 years, especially under Emperor Haile Selassie, as of 2016, about 80% of the population are poor farmers who still live from harvest to harvest and are vulnerable to crop failures.

Modernization under Haile Selassie
Many changes were made during the reign of Haile Selassie  toward the modernization of Ethiopia upon his accession as Emperor (King of Kings) on 2 November 1930, as well as before, beginning from the time he effectively controlled Ethiopia in 1916 as Regent Plenipotentiary, Ras Tafari.
Anfin Skaaheim
Anfin Skaaheim (7 July 1939 – 27 June 2016) was a Norwegian missionary leader.

Skaaheim was born in Torvikbukt in Gjemnes Municipality. He graduated as cand.theol. from the MF Norwegian School of Theology. He was appointed Secretary General for the Norwegian Christian Student and School Association from 1975 to 1987, for Det norske lutherske Indremisjonsselskap from 1987 to 2000, and for Normisjon from 2001 to 2003.

Gjemnes Municipality
Gjemnes is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway on the Romsdal peninsula. It is part of the Nordmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Batnfjordsøra, which lies along the Batnfjorden and it is a former steamship landing place. Other villages in Gjemnes include Torvikbukt, Flemma, Angvika, Gjemnes, Øre, and Osmarka.

The 382-square-kilometre (147 sq mi) municipality is the 242nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gjemnes Municipality is the 244th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,700. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Litany of the Saints
The Litany of the Saints (Latin: Litaniae Sanctorum) is a formal prayer of the Roman Catholic Church as well as the Old Catholic Church, Lutheran congregations of Evangelical Catholic churchmanship, Anglican congregations of Anglo-Catholic churchmanship, and Western Rite Orthodox communities. It is a prayer to the Triune God, which also includes invocations for the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Angels and all the martyrs and saints upon whom Christianity was founded, and those recognised as saints through the subsequent history of the church. Following the invocation of the saints, the Litany concludes with a series of supplications to God to hear the prayers of the worshippers. It is most prominently sung during the Easter Vigil, All Saints' Day, and in the liturgy for conferring Holy Orders, the Consecration of a Virgin and reception of the perpetual vows of a religious or a diocesane hermit.

Martin of Tours
Martin of Tours (Latin: Martinus Turonensis; 316/336 – 8 November 397) was the third bishop of Tours. He is the patron saint of many communities and organizations across Europe, including France's Third Republic. A native of Pannonia (present-day Hungary), he converted to Christianity at a young age. He served in the Roman cavalry in Gaul, but left military service prior to 361, when he became a disciple of Hilary of Poitiers, establishing the monastery at Ligugé. He was consecrated as Bishop of Caesarodunum (Tours) in 371. As bishop, he was active in the suppression of the remnants of Gallo-Roman religion.

The contemporary hagiographer Sulpicius Severus wrote a Life of St. Martin. He is best known for the account of his using his sword to cut his cloak in two, to give half to a beggar clad only in rags in winter. His shrine in Tours became an often-frequented stop for pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
Cape Girardeau Regional Airport
Cape Girardeau Regional Airport (IATA: CGI, ICAO: KCGI, FAA LID: CGI) is a city owned public use airport in Scott County, Missouri, United States. It is located five nautical miles (6 mi, 9 km) southwest of the central business district of Cape Girardeau, a city in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States. The airport is used for general aviation, and has scheduled service by Contour Airlines with subsidized Essential Air Service program flights to Chicago O’Hare Airport.

It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, which categorized it as a commercial service - nonprimary airport based on passenger enplanements (the commercial service category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year).

Contour Airlines
Contour Airlines is an independent regional airline headquartered at Smyrna Airport in Smyrna, Tennessee, United States.

Contour Airlines is set up as a public charter operator for regulatory purposes and does not directly operate aircraft. Contour Airlines charters 30-seat regional jets operated by its parent company, Contour Aviation, then resells seats on those aircraft to the public. The arrangement allows Contour to utilize pilots who are qualified to operate charter services, who can be either less experienced or older than allowed on commercial passenger flights.
Factor VIII (medication)
Factor VIII, an essential blood coagulation protein, is used as a medication to treat and prevent bleeding in people with hemophilia A and other causes of low factor VIII. Certain preparations may also be used in those with von Willebrand's disease. It is given by slow injection into a vein.

Side effects include skin flushing, shortness of breath, fever, and red blood cell breakdown. Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis may occur. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. A purified factor VIII concentrate is made from human blood plasma. A recombinant version is also available. People may develop antibodies to factor VIII such that this medication becomes less effective.

Factor VIII was first identified in the 1940s and became available as a medication in the 1960s. Recombinant factor VIII was first made in 1984 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1992. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina, or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume). The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.
Ben Underwood (footballer)
Benjamin Riley Underwood (30 September 1901 − 9 March 1958) was an English footballer who played as a left half.

He was born in Alfreton, Derbyshire and began playing with Newton Rangers before joining New Hucknall Colliery. After a brief spell with Sutton Town, Underwood signed for Derby County, but made no first-team appearances, and went on to play League football for Doncaster Rovers, where he made 105 appearances in competitions. He moved to Leeds United, only managing to break into the first team for a few matches, before going on to Coventry City for two seasons.

He married near Derby in 1928 and died in the Bridgnorth area in 1958.

Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England,  named after a bridge over the River Severn. The river divides the town into High Town and Low Town, the upper town on its right bank and the lower on its left bank. The population at the 2011 Census was 12,079.
IROC XXII
IROC XXII was the twenty-second season of the International Race of Champions, which started on February 13, 1998. The series used identically prepared Pontiac Firebird Trans Am race cars, and contested races at Daytona International Speedway1, California Speedway, Michigan International Speedway, and Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Mark Martin won $225,000 and the IROC championship, his third straight win and fourth in five seasons.

The roster of drivers and final points standings were as follows:

Arie Luyendyk
Arie Luijendijk (anglicized as Arie Luyendyk; born 21 September 1953), nicknamed "The Flying Dutchman," is a Dutch former auto racing driver, and winner of the 1990 and 1997 Indianapolis 500 races. He was inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame in 2009, and the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2014.

Luyendyk won a total of seven Indy car races, including three in the CART series, all of them on ovals.
Masum Babul
Masum Babul (31 December 1962 – 6 March 2023) was a Bangladeshi film dance director and choreographer. He won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Choreography twice, for the film Dola (1993) and Ki Jadu Karila (2008). He is also best known for the films Beder Meye Josna (1989), Koti Takar Kabin (2006), and Bikkhov (1994). Babul died on 6 March 2023, at age 60.

Koti Takar Kabin
Koti Takar Kabin (Bengali: কোটি টাকার কাবিন, lit. 'One Crore Taka Marriage Settlement') is a Bangladeshi romantic comedy produced by Ami Boni Kothachitra and directed by F I Manik. The film was released in 2006 all over Bangladesh. It stars Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas, Razzak, Farooque, and Suchorita.
Giulio Bisegni
Giulio Bisegni (born 4 April 1992) was an Italian rugby union player who played as a Centre . He represented Italy on 16 occasions.

Born in Frascati he was coached at local mini team ASD Frascati Mini Rugby 2001, in 2010 season he moved to promoted side Lazio, a team based in Rome. In January 2014, he trained with Zebre as a permit player. In May 2014, it was announced that he joined Zebre and he played for Italian team until 2021–22 United Rugby Championship season.
From 2022 to 2024 he played for Colorno in Top10.

In 2012, Bisegni was named in the Italy U20 squad and in 2014 and 2015 he was part of Emerging Italy squad.

On 18 August 2019, he was named in the final 31-man squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup and he represented Italy on 16 occasions, from 2015 to 2020.

Frascati
Frascati (pronounced [fraˈskaːti]) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum.  Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories.

Frascati produces the white wine with the same name. It is also a  historical and artistic centre.
Castellanos de Villiquera
Castellanos de Villiquera is a municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from the city of Salamanca and as of 2016 has a population of 675 people. The municipality covers an area of 32.81 km2 (12.67 sq mi).

The post code is 37797.

Province of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish pronunciation: [salaˈmaŋka]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km2 and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Volakas, Elis
Volakas (Greek: Βώλακας) is a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. After the administrative reform of 2011, it became a part of Pyrgos. The municipal unit has an area of 70.790 km2. Its seat of administration was in the town of Epitalio.

Volakas is situated on the Ionian Sea coast, southeast of Pyrgos and southwest of Olympia. The river Alfeios forms the northern border of the municipal unit. There are wooded hills in the northeastern part of Volakas, the southwestern part along the coast is flat and used for agriculture. The Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kyparissia) and the railway from Pyrgos to Kalamata run through Volakas. Operations at the small airport of Epitalio (ICAO: LGEP) have been suspended.

Elis
Elis, also known as Ellis or Ilia (Greek: Ηλεία, Eleia), is a historic region in the western part of the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It is administered as a regional unit of the modern region of Western Greece. Its capital is Pyrgos. Until 2011 it was Elis Prefecture, covering the same territory.

The modern regional unit is nearly coterminous with the ancient Elis of the classical period. Here lie the ancient ruins of cities of Elis, Epitalion and Olympia, known for the ancient Olympic Games which started in 776 BC.
Olov Lundqvist
Olov Lundqvist (born November 23, 1988) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who plays with Asplöven HC of the Swedish Allsvenskan.

On February 27, 2014, Lundqvist was loaned to Luleå HF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

Luleå HF
Luleå Hockeyförening, also known as Luleå Hockey, is a professional ice hockey club from Luleå, Sweden. The club has been playing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), the top tier of ice hockey in Sweden, since the 1984–85 season. They are the northernmost team in the league and have won the Swedish championships twice, in 1996 and 2025. Since being promoted to the top flight (then called Elitserien) in 1984, the team has not once had to participate in a promotion/relegation-qualifier to defend their spot in the top league.
Codie Taylor
Codie Joshua Dane Taylor (born 31 March 1991) is a New Zealand professional rugby union player, who currently plays as a hooker for the Crusaders in Super Rugby and is contracted to Canterbury for New Zealand's domestic National Provincial Championship competition. He represents New Zealand internationally.

Muaūpoko
Muaūpoko is a Māori iwi on the Kāpiti Coast of New Zealand.

Muaūpoko are descended from the ancestor Tara, whose name has been given to many New Zealand landmarks, most notably Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington). His people were known as Ngāi Tara, although more recently they took the name Muaūpoko, meaning the people living at the head (ūpoko) of the fish of Māui (that is, the southernmost end of the North Island.)

Muaūpoko's traditional area is in the Horowhenua/Kāpiti Coast/Wellington region. In the early nineteenth century Ngāi Tara were a large iwi occupying the area between the Tararua Ranges in the east and the Tasman Sea in the west, from Sinclair Head in the south to the Rangitīkei River in the north. Some hapū had even settled in Queen Charlotte Sound in the 17th century.
Nina Gold
Nina Gold is a British casting director known for her work on the HBO series Rome and Game of Thrones, the Netflix series The Crown, and the Sky Studios series The Day of the Jackal (2024). She has also worked as casting director in films such as Les Misérables, The Martian, The Two Popes, Conclave, and five films in the Star Wars franchise. At the 98th Academy Awards, Gold received a nomination for the inaugural Academy Award for Achievement in Casting for the 2025 film Hamnet.

Academy Award for Achievement in Casting
The Academy Award for Achievement in Casting, also known as Academy Award for Best Casting, is an upcoming film award which will be presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as part of the Academy Awards.

It brings the total number of competitive Oscar categories to 24.