hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hong Kong at the 2017 Asian Winter Games
Hong Kong competed in the 2017 Asian Winter Games in Sapporo and Obihiro, Japan from February 19 to 26. The country competed in two sports (three disciplines).

Hong Kong's team consisted of 50 athletes, the largest team the nation has sent to the Asian Winter Games. These games also marked the country's debut in the women's ice hockey competition. The team also consists of 28 officials.

Ice hockey player Tony Leung was the country's flagbearer during the parade of nations at the opening ceremony.

Asian Winter Games
The Asian Winter Games (AWG) is an international multi-sport event held every four years for members of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) featuring winter events. The Japanese Olympic Committee first suggested creating a winter version of the Asian Games in 1982. Their efforts were rewarded when they received hosting rights for the first edition, held in Sapporo in 1986, as the city had the infrastructure and expertise gained from hosting of the 1972 Winter Olympics.

From having only seven OCA member nations participate in the first edition, the number of competing nations in the Winter Asiad has grown consistently. In the 2007 Asian Winter Games in Changchun, 27 out of the 45 members fielded a record number of competitors, while all 45 National Olympic Committees sent delegations for the first time in AWG history.

Although games were considered for Lebanon in 2009, they were ultimately cancelled. The next edition is scheduled to be held in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
2018 in echinoderm paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2018.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Sandra Nikčević
Sandra Nikčević (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Сандра Никчевић, born 16 November 1984) is a Montenegrin former handballer, who played for the Montenegrin national team.

She was part of the Montenegrin team that won their first ever international title at the 2012 European Women's Handball Championship.

She was in Croatia with RK Podravka Vegeta (2010–11), in Hungary with Alcoa FKC (2011–12) and Ipress Center-Vác (2013–14), in Russia with HC Astrakhanochka (2012–13) before she moved to Turkey to play in the 2011–12 season of the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for the Rize-based Ardeşen GSK. In August 2015, she transferred to Osmangazi Belediyespor in Bursa.

Turkish Women's Handball Super League
The Turkish Women's Handball Super League (Turkish: Türkiye Kadınlar Hentbol Süper Ligi) is the top professional league for Turkish women's handball clubs. It is administered by the Turkey Handball Federation, and the winners are recognized as Turkish champions. Established in the 1978–79 season as the Turkish Women's First League, it was renamed later to Super League. The current title holder is Muratpaşa Bld. SK (2011–12).
Sundown (1941 film)
Sundown is a 1941 American war drama film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Gene Tierney, Bruce Cabot and George Sanders. It was produced by Jack Moss and Walter Wanger, written by Charles G. Booth and Barré Lyndon, and released by United Artists. Set in British East Africa, the film's adventure story was well received by critics, earning three Academy Award nominations, but it was a failure at the box office.

Carl Esmond
Willy Eichberger (born Carl Cäsar Willy Simon; June 14, 1902– December 4, 2004) was an Austrian actor, credited in most of his English-language roles as Carl Esmond. He had a successful stage and screen career in Europe, before emigrating to the United States in the late 1930s as a refugee from Nazi Germany.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy which leads the a baby being born with the infection. Most have no symptoms. Some affected babies are small. Other signs and symptoms include a rash, jaundice, hepatomegaly, retinitis, and seizures. It may lead to loss of hearing or vision, developmental disability, or a small head.

CMV is a member of the virus family herpesviridae and is the most common congenital intrauterine infection. cCMV is caused when a mother is infected with CMV in pregnancy and passes it to her unborn baby. The risk of severe disease is greatest if the mother is infected in early pregnancy; most have no symptoms.  Diagnosis is by tests in the first 3-weeks after birth; on preferably urine, although saliva and blood can be used. The chance of infection is reduced by hand washing, and avoiding touching saliva or urine of very young children.

Worldwide the condition is common, and likely underreported.

Fetus
A fetus or foetus (/ˈfiːtəs/; pl.: fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring of a viviparous animal that develops from an embryo. Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, in general a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional, and some may not yet be situated in their final anatomical location.

In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after fertilization (which is the eleventh week of gestational age) and continues until the birth of a newborn.
Ansbach University of Applied Sciences
Ansbach University (German: Hochschule Ansbach) is a university of applied sciences, involved in education and research. It is located in Ansbach in the southern German state of Bavaria. It is located 2km from the Ansbach Residence. Since 2008 it has been a partner university of elite sport (DOSB) and has many German national, Olympic, and world champions among its alumni. In September 2023 the state of Bavaria decided to confer the right to award doctorates to Ansbach University of Applied Sciences.

German Olympic Sports Confederation
The German Olympic Sports Confederation (German: Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, DOSB; IOC Code: GER) was founded on 20 May 2006 by a merger of the Deutscher Sportbund (DSB), and the Nationales Olympisches Komitee für Deutschland (NOK) which dates back to 1895, the year it was founded and recognized as NOC by the IOC.

Seated in Frankfurt am Main, it represents 89,000 clubs and 27,000,000 members, about a third of the population of Germany.
Achelous River (Thessaly)
The Achelous (Ancient Greek: Ἀχελῷος Akhelôios), also Acheloos, is a river of the district of Malis in ancient Thessaly, flowing past the town of Paracheloïtae, and near Lamia; a tributary of the Spercheios.

Ancient Thessaly
Thessaly or Thessalia (Attic Greek: Θεσσαλία, Thessalía or Θετταλία, Thettalía) was one of the traditional regions of Ancient Greece. During the Mycenaean period, Thessaly was known as Aeolia, a name that continued to be used for one of the major tribes of Greece, the Aeolians, and their dialect of Greek, Aeolic.
Hôtel de Ville, Laval
The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil], City Hall) is a municipal building in Laval, Mayenne, western France, standing on Place du 11-Novembre. It has been included on the Inventaire général des monuments by the French Ministry of Culture since 1995.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 50 metre breaststroke
The men's 50 metre breaststroke at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 27 March (heats and semifinals) and on the evening of 28 March (final) at Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. 136 swimmers were entered in the event, of which 127 swam.

Existing records at the start of the event were:

World record (WR): 27.18, Oleg Lisogor (Ukraine), 2 August 2002 in Berlin, Germany.

Championship record (CR): 27.46, James Gibson (Great Britain), Barcelona 2003 (22 July 2003)

Swimming at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships
The Swimming competition of the 10th FINA World Aquatics Championships consisted of 40 long course (50 m) events, swum July 20–27, 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. Swimming's 40 events were split evenly between males and females (20 each) and were:

freestyle (free): 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1500;

backstroke (back): 50, 100 and 200;

breaststroke (breast): 50, 100 and 200;

butterfly (fly): 50, 100 and 200;

Individual Medley (IM): 200 and 400; and

relay: 4 × 100 and 4 × 200 freestyle, and 4 × 100 medley.
Raltegravir
Raltegravir, sold under the brand name Isentress, is an antiretroviral medication used, together with other medication, to treat HIV/AIDS. It may also be used, as part of post-exposure prophylaxis, to prevent HIV infection following potential exposure. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include trouble sleeping, feeling tired, nausea, high blood sugar, and headaches. Severe side effects may include allergic reactions including Stevens–Johnson syndrome, muscle breakdown, and liver problems. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. Raltegravir is an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor which blocks the functioning of HIV integrase which is needed for viral replication.

Raltegravir was approved for medical use in the United States in 2007. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Lamivudine/raltegravir, a combination with lamivudine, is also available.

Liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
Ochlodes subhyalina
Ochlodes subhyalina is an eastern Palearctic butterfly in the family Hesperiidae and subfamily Hesperiinae. It is found in Mongolia, Korea, Japan, India, Myanmar and Taiwan. The species was first described by Otto Vasilievich Bremer and William Grey in 1853.

Otto Vasilievich Bremer
Otto Vasilievich Bremer (died 11 November 1873) was a Russian naturalist and entomologist.

He wrote:

Beiträge zur Schmetterlings-fauna des Nödrlichen China's (1853) with Vasilii Fomich Grey (William Grey).

"Neue Lepidopteren aus Ost-Sibirien und dem Amur Lande, gesammelt von Radde und Maack, beschrieben von Otto Bremer" (1861) Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, 3(7): 461-496

"Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens, insbesondere der Amur-Landes, gesammelt von den Herren G.Radde, R.Maack und P.Wulfius" (1864) Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, 7 ser., 8(1): 103 pages

He described many insects, including the large skipper butterfly. Bremer's collection is in the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Science in Saint Petersburg where he lived.
Cooperative federation
A cooperative federation or secondary cooperative is a cooperative in which all members are, in turn, cooperatives.
Historically, cooperative federations have predominantly come in the form of cooperative wholesale societies and cooperative unions. Cooperative federations are a means through which cooperatives can fulfill the sixth Cooperative Principle, cooperation among cooperatives. The International Cooperative Alliance notes that “Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures.”

Rochdale Principles
The Rochdale Principles are a set of ideals for the operation of cooperatives. They were first set out in 1844 by the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers in Rochdale, England, and have formed the basis for the principles on which co-operatives around the world continue to operate. The implications of the Rochdale Principles are a focus of study in co-operative economics. The original Rochdale Principles were officially adopted by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) in 1937 as the Rochdale Principles of Co-operation. Updated versions of the principles were adopted by the ICA in 1966 as the Co-operative Principles and in 1995 as part of the Statement on the Co-operative Identity.
Iron Man 2 (soundtrack)
Iron Man 2 is a soundtrack album for the 2010 film of the same name consisting of music by Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It was released on April 19, 2010.

Iron Man 2: Original Motion Picture Score, a film score album featuring music composed and conducted by John Debney, was released on July 20, 2010.

Highway to Hell (song)
"Highway to Hell" is a song by Australian rock band AC/DC. It is the opening track of their album Highway to Hell (1979), initially released as a single on 27 July 1979, the same day the album was released.

The song was written by Angus Young, Malcolm Young and Bon Scott, with Angus Young credited for writing the guitar riff. AC/DC had made several studio albums before and were constantly promoting them via a grueling tour schedule, referred to by Angus Young as being on a highway to hell, hence the name.
Mascoll
Mascoll is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Beverly Mascoll, Canadian businesswoman

Clyde Mascoll, Barbadian politician

Jamie Mascoll (born 1997), English footballer

Joel Mascoll (born 1974), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines sprinter

Joel Mascoll
Joel Mascoll (born 26 October 1974) is a former Vincentian sprinter who competed in the men's 100m competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He recorded a 10.64, not enough to qualify for the next round past the heats. His personal best is 10.33, set in 1997. He was also on the Vincentian 4 × 100 m relay team, which placed 6th in its heat with a 40.54.
Church Houses
Church Houses is a hamlet in Farndale, North Yorkshire, England. The hamlet is just to the east of the River Dove in upper Farndale, and is about 150 metres (490 ft) above sea level. The nearest town to the south is Kirkbymoorside, 8 miles (13 km) away, and Castleton is also 8 miles (13 km) but to the north. It is one of three hamlets in the Farndale valley, though it is sometimes referred to as a village (it has a village hall), and on account of the church just to the east, although the hamlet only consists of seven buildings. The hamlet is within the North York Moors national park area.

Kirkbymoorside
Kirkbymoorside (/ˌkɜːrbiˈmʊərsaɪd/), sometimes spelled Kirbymoorside, is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is 25 miles (40 km) north of York; midway between Pickering and Helmsley, and on the edge of the North York Moors National Park. The parish had a population of 3,040 in the 2011 census.
2014–15 County Antrim Shield
The 2014–15 County Antrim Shield was the 126th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Cliftonville won the tournament for the 10th time, defeating Bangor 1–0 in the final.

County Antrim Shield
The County Antrim & District Football Association Senior Shield (more commonly known as the County Antrim Shield) is a football competition in Northern Ireland. The competition is open to senior teams who are members of the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association) (membership of which extends geographically beyond County Antrim itself), often plus intermediate teams who qualify via the Steel & Sons Cup, depending on the numbers required. For the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, only the winners took part.

The current Shield holders are Carrick Rangers, who beat Cliftonville 4-2 on penalties in the 2025–26 final, winning the trophy for the first time since the 1992–93 season.
Ajay Kumar Kushwaha
Ajay Kumar also known as Ajay Kushwaha is an Indian politician and leader of the legislative party  of Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Bihar Legislative Assembly.  He got elected from Bibhutipur Vidhan Sabha Constituency in 2020 Bihar State Assembly Elections. In 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections, he defeated Ram Balak Singh of Janata Dal (United) by a margin of 40,496 votes.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Scotland Yard (Highland Park)
32°51′02″N 96°48′28″W﻿ / ﻿32.85061°N 96.80769°W﻿ / 32.85061; -96.80769
Scotland Yard is a baseball park located in Highland Park, Texas, and was the home field of TCL Highland Park Blue Sox from 2004 to 2005 before moving to Plano, Texas for the 2006 season. It is the home field of the Highland Park Scots baseball team.

Texas Collegiate League
The Texas Collegiate League (TCL) is a collegiate summer baseball league made up of teams from the states of Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. The league's headquarters are in Coppell, Texas. Uri Geva, owner of the Brazos Valley Bombers, is the league's president.
Cognos
Cognos Incorporated was an Ottawa, Ontario-based company making business intelligence (BI) and performance management (PM) software.  Founded in 1969, at its peak Cognos employed almost 3,500 people and served more than 23,000 customers in over 135 countries until being acquired by IBM on January 31, 2008. While no longer an independent company, the Cognos name continues to be applied to IBM's line of business intelligence and performance management products.

Business performance management
Business performance management (BPM) (also known as corporate performance management (CPM) enterprise performance management (EPM),) is a management approach which encompasses a set of processes and analytical tools to ensure that a business organization's activities and output are aligned with its goals. BPM is associated with business process management, a larger framework managing organizational processes.

It aims to measure and optimize the overall performance of an organization, specific departments, individual employees, or processes to manage particular tasks. Performance standards are set by senior leadership and task owners which may include expectations for job duties, timely feedback and coaching, evaluating employee performance and behavior against desired outcomes, and implementing reward systems. BPM can involve outlining the role of each individual in an organization in terms of functions and responsibilities.
MOK Mursa Osijek
MOK Mursa Osijek is a Croatian men's volleyball club based in Osijek, Croatia. It was established in 2002.

It plays in the Croatian 1A Volleyball League.

MOK Mursa plays domestic matches at small hall of Gradski vrt Hall. Small hall has a capacity of 1,448 attendants.

Osijek
Osijek (Croatian pronunciation: [ôsijeːk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the economic and cultural hub of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative seat of Osijek-Baranja County. It is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,313 recorded in the 2021 census. The city is situated on the southern bank of the Drava River, 25 km (16 mi) upstream from its confluence with the Danube, at an elevation of 94 m (308 ft). Osijek is located 16 km (10 mi) west of the Croatia–Serbia border.
Mount Martha, Victoria
Mount Martha is a suburb on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 50 kilometres (31 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Mount Martha recorded a population of 19,746 at the 2021 census.

Mount Martha is located on the southeastern shores of Port Phillip and offers a bathing beach. A boardwalk winds its way for more than 5 kilometres (3 mi) along the Balcombe Creek, its North beach mouth to the Briars Historic Park. The suburb's highest point bears the area's name and reaches 160 metres (520 ft). The peak was named in 1836 after Captain William Hobson's mother, Martha Jones.

It marks the start of the Selwyn fault, a geological formation that runs to the eastern Dandenong Ranges.

Shire of Mornington Peninsula
The Mornington Peninsula Shire is a local government area in southeastern metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Located to the south of the Melbourne city centre, it covers its namesake Mornington Peninsula, and is headquartered in the suburb of Rosebud. It has an area of 724 square kilometres (280 sq mi) and at the 2021 census it had a population of 168,948.
Trichlorophenol
A trichlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains three covalently bonded chlorine atoms. Trichlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogenation of phenol with chlorine. Different isomers of trichlorophenol exist according to which ring positions on the phenol contain chlorine atoms. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, for example, has two chlorine atoms in the ortho positions and one chlorine atom in the para position.

There are six different isomers:

2,3,4-Trichlorophenol

2,3,5-Trichlorophenol

2,3,6-Trichlorophenol

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

3,4,5-Trichlorophenol

Electrophilic halogenation
In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system.

Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base.

A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst. Typical Lewis acid catalysts include AlCl3, FeCl3, FeBr3 and ZnCl2. These work by forming a highly electrophilic complex which is attacked by the benzene ring.