hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
India Defence League
The India Defence League was a British pressure group founded in June 1933 dedicated to keeping India within the British Empire.

It grew from the parliamentary India Defence Committee and was founded with the support of 10 Privy Councillors, 28 peers, 57 MPs, 2 former Governors and 3 former Lieutenant-Governors of Indian provinces and including members of the armed forces and the judiciary. Viscount Sumner was its Honorary President, with Lord Carson, Rudyard Kipling, Winston Churchill, Sir Henry Page-Croft, the Marquess of Hartington, and Viscount FitzAlan holding the Vice-Presidencies. It eventually had over 100 peers as members.

The IDL also helped Admiral Keyes win the Portsmouth North by-election in 1934.

John Hamilton, 1st Viscount Sumner
John Andrew Hamilton, 1st Viscount Sumner, GCB, PC (3 February 1859 – 24 May 1934) was a British lawyer and judge. He was appointed a judge of the High Court of Justice (King's Bench Division) in 1909, a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1912 and a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (Law Lord) in 1913. Created a life peer as Baron Sumner in 1913, he was further honoured when he was granted a hereditary peerage as Viscount Sumner in 1927.
Joe Duarte (politician)
Joe Duarte (born November 29, 1941) is a former Republican member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, from Candia. Duarte was born in Viana do Castelo, Portugal. He unsuccessfully ran for the New Hampshire Senate in the 2016 elections. Duarte has nine grandchildren.

For the 2016 United States presidential election, Duarte endorsed Republican nominee Donald Trump.

New Hampshire Senate
The New Hampshire State Senate is the upper house of the New Hampshire General Court, alongside the New Hampshire House of Representatives. The Senate has been meeting since 1784. The senate consists of 24 members representing Senate districts based on population. There are 16 Republicans and 8 Democrats currently serving in the senate.
Ormen Lange (gas field)
Ormen Lange is a natural gas field on the Norwegian continental shelf. It is situated 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Kristiansund, where seabed depths vary between 800 and 1,100 metres (2,600 and 3,600 ft). The field is named after the famous longship Ormen Lange of Olaf Tryggvason, a 10th-century Viking king of Norway.

Norwegian continental shelf
The Norwegian continental shelf (Norwegian: Den norske kontinentalsokkelen) (abbreviated as NCS) is the continental shelf over which Norway exercises sovereign rights as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

The area of the shelf is four times the area of Norway mainland and constitutes about one-third of the Europe continental shelf. It is rich in petroleum and gas and it is the base of the petroleum economy of Norway.
Purainiya
Purainiya is a town and Village Development Committee  in Bara District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,670 persons living in 492 individual households.

Narayani Zone
Narayani (Nepali: नारायणी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones to Provinces, located in the central south of the country. The headquarter of Narayani zone was Hetauda. Narayani Zone is named after the Narayani River which is on the western border of the zone, separating it from the Gandaki and Lumbini zones. Narayani means beloved of Narayan which is Parvati his sister, and Narayan refers to Lord Vishnu (the preserver) in the Hindu religion.
Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Professor of the RAS, or RAS Professor; Russian: Профе́ссор Росси́йской акаде́мии нау́к – Proféssor Rossíiskoj akadémii naúk) is an academic rank introduced in 2015 by the RAS to be conferred to distinguished Russian scientists from all fields, who are not yet members of the Academy. Research achievements of RAS Professors are supposed to be higher than those of an ordinary university professor but their teaching experience may be relatively modest. Along with its role as an academic rank, “RAS Professor” is an honorary title emphasizing merits of an individual.

As a concept, the RAS Professorship was originally proposed by the Presidium of RAS and its President (in 2013—2017) Vladimir Fortov, the motivation being to boost an involvement of top researches from the younger generation of Russian scientists in the functioning of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Vladimir Fortov
Vladimir Yevgenyevich Fortov (Russian: Владимир Евгеньевич Фортов; 23 January 1946 – 29 November 2020) was a Russian physicist and politician who served as director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures (1992–2013) and as president of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2013–2017). His research was in thermal physics, shock waves, plasma physics, and Black matter.
Complete homogeneous symmetric polynomial
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic combinatorics and commutative algebra, the complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials are a specific kind of symmetric polynomials. Every symmetric polynomial can be expressed as a polynomial expression in complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials.

Algebraic combinatorics
Algebraic combinatorics is an area of mathematics that employs methods of abstract algebra, notably group theory and representation theory, in various combinatorial contexts and, conversely, applies combinatorial techniques to problems in algebra.
2024 in aquatic sports
This article lists the in the water and on the water forms of aquatic sports for 2024.

Page contains information of water sports governing by following sports federations:

CIPS: Sport fishing

CMAS: Finswimming, Freediving, Spearfishing, Underwater hockey, Underwater target shooting, Underwater orienteering, Underwater photography

ICF: Canoe freestyle, Canoe marathon, Canoe ocean racing, Canoe polo, Canoe sailing, Canoe slalom, Canoe sprint, Dragon boat, Stand up paddling, Wildwater canoeing

ILSF: Lifesaving

ISA: Surfing

IWWF: Wakeboarding, Water skiing

UIM: Powerboating

World Aquatics: Artistic swimming, Diving, High diving, Open water swimming, Water polo

World Rowing: Rowing

World Sailing: Sailing

Canoe polo
Canoe polo, also known as kayak polo or polo (to players and fans), is one of the competitive disciplines of kayaking. It incorporates ball-handling skills into a contact team game, wherein group tactics and positional play are as important as individual speed and fitness.

Each team has five players on the pitch (and up to three substitutes), who compete to score in their opponent's goal, which is suspended two meters above the water. The ball can be thrown by hand or flicked with the paddle to pass between players and shoot at the goal. Pitches can be set up in swimming pools or any stretch of flat water, which should measure 35 meters by 23 meters.

The kayaks are specifically designed for polo, faster and lighter than typical ones. The paddles are lighter and designed with pulling power and ball control in mind, with rounded blades for safety. Nose and tail boat bumpers, body protection, helmets and faceguards are required for safety.
The Busie Body
The Busie Body is a Restoration comedy written by Susanna Centlivre and first performed at the Drury Lane Theatre in 1709. It focuses on the legalities of what constitutes a marriage, and how children might subvert parental power over whom they can marry. The Busie Body was the most popular female authored-play of the eighteenth century, and became a stock piece of most anglophone theatres during the period.

The original Drury Lane cast featured Robert Wilks as Sir George Airy, Richard Estcourt as Sir Francis Gripe, John Mills as Charles, William Bullock as Sir Jealous Traffick, George Pack as Marplot, Christopher Bullock as Whisper, Jane Rogers as Isabinda, Letitia Cross as Miranda, Margaret Saunders as Patch and Margaret Mills as Scentwell. The prologue was written by Thomas Baker.

Richard Estcourt
Richard Estcourt (1668–1712) was an English actor, who began by playing comedy parts in Dublin.

His first London appearance was in 1704 as Dominick, in Dryden's Spanish Friar, and he continued to take important parts at Drury Lane, being the original Pounce in Steele's Tender Husband (1705), Sergeant Kite in Farquhar's Recruiting Officer, and Sir Francis Gripe in Mrs Centlivre's Busybody.  He was an excellent mimic and a great favourite socially.

Estcourt wrote a comedy, The Fair Example, or the Modish Citizen (1703), and Prunella (1704), an interlude.  He also was the first president of the first London Beefsteak Club.
Melvin Rader
Melvin Miller Rader (November 8, 1903 – June 14, 1981) was an American academic and civil rights advocate. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Washington, teaching ethics, aesthetics and political philosophy. In the late 1940s, he was accused of being a Communist by the Canwell Committee, although he was later exonerated.

Henry Holt and Company
Henry Holt and Company is an American book-publishing company based in New York City. One of the oldest publishers in the United States, it was founded in 1866 by Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt. The company publishes in the fields of American and international fiction, biography, history, politics, science, psychology, health, and children's literature. In the U.S., it operates under Macmillan Publishers.
Rail transport in Tasmania
Rail transport in Tasmania consists of a network of narrow gauge track of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) reaching virtually all cities and major towns in the island state of Tasmania, Australia. Today, rail services are focused primarily on bulk freight, with no passenger services operated. The mainline railways of Tasmania are currently operated by TasRail, a Government of Tasmania owned corporation, who owns and maintains both rolling stock, locomotives and track infrastructure.

Emu Bay Railway
The Emu Bay Railway was a Tasmania, Australian railway company. The railway was significant during full operation, in that it linked the Tasmanian Government Railways system at Burnie with that at Zeehan that further linked to the Mount Lyell railway allowing connection through to Queenstown.

It was listed on the Melbourne Stock Exchange. Following the closure of the Tasmanian government line at Zeehan railway station in 1960, until 1965, it operated the Melba Line on the West Coast of Tasmania following the closure of the Zeehan section until 1998.
Convento de Santa Isabel de los Reyes
The Convento de Santa Isabel de los Reyes is a convent located in the city of Toledo, in Castile-La Mancha, Spain. The current convent, founded in 1477 by Doña María Suárez de Toledo, known as "Sor María la Pobre", has its origins in two different palaces, both Mudéjar from the 14th century and the church of San Antolín.

It is accessed by the convent church, rebuilt during the reign of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, through a portal from the time of the Catholic Monarchs (1500). It is in Gothic style and is covered with wood-coffered ceiling.

The main altarpiece is dated in 1572, is Plateresque style and has high reliefs. The choir of the nuns with a azulejos plinth, a Plateresque reredos and an ashlar, all of the 16th century, were all built at the base.

Part of the building is a museum.

Azulejo
Azulejo (Portuguese: [ɐzuˈle(j)ʒu, ɐzuˈlɐjʒu], Spanish: [aθuˈlexo]; from the Arabic الزليج, al-zillīj) is a form of Iberian painted tin-glazed ceramic tilework. They are an ornamental art form, but also had a specific function, such as aiding temperature control in homes.
There is also a tradition of their production in former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in North America, South America, the Philippines, Goa, Lusophone Africa, East Timor, and Macau. Azulejos constitute a major aspect of Portuguese and Spanish architecture to this day, and are found on buildings across Portugal, Spain and their former territories. Many azulejos chronicle major historical and cultural aspects of Portuguese and Spanish history.

In Spanish and Portuguese, azulejo is the everyday word for (any) tile.
John T. Hughes (politician)
John T. Hughes (John Titus Hughes) was a politician from Arizona who served in the 1st Arizona State Legislature.  He was also a newspaper man, editing and publishing his father's paper, the Arizona Daily Star, and an attorney, the first native-born Arizonan to be admitted to the Arizona bar. Additionally, he had several mining and real estate interests.

Arizona Bar Exam
The Arizona Bar Exam is the exam administered by the Admissions Unit of the Certification and Licensing Division of the Supreme Court of Arizona. A satisfactory score on the Arizona Bar Exam is one of numerous requirements for admission to be admitted as an attorney in the State of Arizona.
Dynamic strain aging
Dynamic strain aging (DSA) for materials science is an instability in plastic flow of materials, associated with interaction between moving dislocations and diffusing solutes. Although sometimes dynamic strain aging is used interchangeably with the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect (or serrated yielding), dynamic strain aging refers specifically to the microscopic mechanism that induces the Portevin–Le Chatelier effect. This strengthening mechanism is related to solid-solution strengthening and has been observed in a variety of fcc and bcc substitutional and interstitial alloys, metalloids like silicon, and ordered intermetallics within specific ranges of temperature and strain rate.

Solid solution strengthening
In metallurgy, solid solution strengthening is a type of alloying that can be used to improve the strength of a pure metal. The technique works by adding atoms of one element (the alloying element) to the crystalline lattice of another element (the base metal), forming a solid solution. The local nonuniformity in the lattice due to the alloying element makes plastic deformation more difficult by impeding dislocation motion through stress fields. In contrast, alloying beyond the solubility limit can form a second phase, leading to strengthening via other mechanisms (e.g. the precipitation of intermetallic compounds).
Tawfeeq Abdul Razzaq
Tawfeeq Abdul Razzaq Al Hosani (born 1 July 1982) is a UAE football midfielder. He played for Al-Wahda and counts 6 apps in the AFC Champions League

He was chosen for United Arab Emirates squad at the 2004 Asian Cup but did not play.

United Arab Emirates national football team
The United Arab Emirates national football team (Arabic: منتخب الإمَارَاتُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ الْمُتَّحِدَة لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents United Arab Emirates in men's international football and serves under the auspices of the country's Football Association.

It has made one FIFA World Cup appearance in 1990 in Italy and lost all three of its games. United Arab Emirates took fourth place in the 1992 AFC Asian Cup and runner-up in 1996 as host. It won the Arabian Gulf Cup in 2007 and 2013. It finished third in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup and hosted the 2019 edition in which it was eliminated in the semi-finals.
Murder of Zymere Perkins
Zymere Perkins (June 21, 2010 – September 29, 2016) was a six-year-old boy from Harlem who was abused, starved and ultimately fatally beaten on September 29, 2016. His mother, Geraldine Perkins, and her boyfriend, Rysheim Smith, were both charged in connection with his death. Geraldine Perkins pled guilty to second-degree manslaughter and was sentenced to two to six years in prison. After trial, Rysheim Smith was convicted on all charges against him including second-degree murder and first-degree manslaughter and sentenced to 25 years to life in prison.

In the months and years leading up to Perkins' death, multiple sources reported signs of abuse to the New York City Administration for Children's Services (ACS). However, Perkins was never removed from the household. This led to a state censure of ACS, the firing of several employees and the resignation of its Commissioner, Gladys Carrion.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.
Leyton Sixth Form College
Leyton Sixth Form College or LSC is a public sixth form college located in the southern part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest. There are over 2,100 learners, of which 80% study courses at Level 3.

Sixth form college
A sixth form college is an educational institution, where students aged 16 to 19 study typically for advanced post-school level qualifications such as A Levels, Business and Technology Education Council level 3 (BTEC), and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations and BTEC level 2 qualifications. In many countries this type of educational institute is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the phrase 'sixth form college' as the English name for a lycée (high school).
Freddy Blatter
Fred Blatter (born 25 September 1949) is a Swiss former professional tennis player.

Born in Zürich, Blatter was a Davis Cup player for Switzerland, with an appearance in a tie against Romania in Bucharest in 1972. He competed in the doubles rubber against Ilie Năstase and Ion Țiriac, as well as a dead rubber singles against Petre Mărmureanu, losing both.

Blatter featured in the men's doubles main draw at the 1974 Australian Open, where he and his Swiss partner Petr Kanderal made it to the third round.

Romania Davis Cup team
The Romania men's national tennis team represents Romania in Davis Cup tennis competition, being governed by the Romanian Tennis Federation and currently competes in the 2025 Davis Cup World Group II.

Romania has finished as runners-up three times. Alongside India, Romania has never won the Davis Cup despite playing three finals.
Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (Gabon)
Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civil is the civil aviation agency of Gabon. Its head office is in Libreville.

The predecessor agency, the Secrétariat Général à l'Aviation Civile et Commerciale (SGACC), was established in 1972. The current ANAC was established according to law 005/2008 of 11 July 2008.

Libreville
Libreville (/ˈlɪbrəˌvɪl/; French: [libʁəvil]) is the capital and largest city of Gabon, located on the Gabon Estuary. Libreville occupies 65 square kilometres (25 sq mi) of the northwestern province of Estuaire. Libreville is also a port on the Gabon Estuary, near the Gulf of Guinea. As of the 2013 census, its population was 703,904.

The area has been inhabited by the Mpongwe people since before the French acquired the land in 1839. It was later an American Christian mission, and a slave resettlement site, before becoming the chief port of the colony of French Equatorial Africa. By the time of Gabonese independence in 1960, the city was a trading post and minor administrative centre with a population of 32,000. Since 1960, Libreville has grown rapidly and now is home to one-third of the national population.
Qurbançı
Qurbançı (also, Dagkurbanchi, Dag-Kurbanchy, Kurbanchi, and Kurbanchy) is a village and municipality in the Gobustan Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 694.  The municipality consists of the villages of Qurbançı and Çay Qurbançı.

Gobustan District
Gobustan District (Azerbaijani: Qobustan rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the east of the country, in the Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Shamakhi, Khizi, Absheron, and Hajigabul. Its capital and largest city is Gobustan. As of 2020, the district had a population of 47,400.
45th Vanier Cup
The 45th Vanier Cup was played on November 28, 2009, at PEPS Stadium in Quebec City, Quebec, and decided the CIS Football champion for the 2009 season. In the first Vanier Cup game played in the province of Quebec, the Queen's Golden Gaels came from behind to defeat the Calgary Dinos 33-31. The Gaels, who were down by 18 points at halftime, scored 25 unanswered points in what was the biggest overcome deficit in Vanier Cup history.

Queen's quarterback Danny Brannagan, in his last CIS game, was named the Ted Morris Memorial Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the game. Queen's linebacker Chris Smith received the Bruce Coulter Award as the Most Outstanding Defensive Player of the game.

Calgary Dinos
The Calgary Dinos are the athletic teams that represent the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada. They were known as the "Dinosaurs" but usually referred to as the "Dinos" until 1999, when the name was officially shortened. Some of its venues are the Jack Simpson Gymnasium (basketball m/w, volleyball m/w, track and field m/w), McMahon Stadium (football, soccer m/w), Hawkings Field (field hockey), University of Calgary Aquatic Centre (swimming, often shortened to Aquatic Centre) and a 200m Running Track (cross-country and track & field practices).

The men and women hockey teams play at Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. Historically in the rare case of scheduling conflicts, both men's and women's hockey have used the Max Bell Centre for games.
Bookbreaking
Bookbreaking is the practice of removing pages (especially those containing maps or illustrations) from books, especially from rare books.

The term is not usually used to refer to outright theft, where the bookbreaker does not own the book in question. There have been many cases of theft of illustrations—especially maps—from rare books in libraries.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
St Nicholas of Myra's Church, Ozleworth
St Nicholas of Myra's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Ozleworth, Gloucestershire, England, in the care of The Churches Conservation Trust.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.  The church is unusual because it is one of only two churches in Gloucestershire with a hexagonal tower, the other being St Lawrence's Church in Swindon. You can find the church by following signs for 'Historic Church' and for Newark Park nearby. By car, park outside the Ozleworth Estate, near to the gates, and follow a long bridle path downhill and around to the left until you reach the churchyard. Please note - the path can be muddy and slippery.

Swindon Village
Swindon or Swindon Village is both a village and a suburb in the spa town of Cheltenham, in the Cheltenham district, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is located northwest of Arle.

The Swindon parish had a population of 1,778 according to the 2011 census.