hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacques Bertin
Jacques Bertin (27 July 1918 – 3 May 2010) was a French cartographer and theorist, known from his book Sémiologie Graphique (Semiology of Graphics), published in 1967. This monumental work, based on his experience as a cartographer and geographer, represents the first and widest intent to provide a theoretical foundation to Information Visualization, with his most lasting contribution being his set of visual variables that can be used to construct map symbols and other graphical techniques one of then being the Bertin Projection, an innovative map projection type, or to seriate them (the Bertin Matrix).

Seriation (archaeology)
In archaeology, seriation is a relative dating method in which assemblages or artifacts from numerous sites in the same culture are placed in chronological order. Where absolute dating methods, such as carbon dating, cannot be applied, archaeologists have to use relative dating methods to date archaeological finds and features. Seriation is a standard method of dating in archaeology.  It can be used to date stone tools, pottery fragments, and other artifacts. In Europe, it has been used frequently to reconstruct the  chronological sequence of graves in a cemetery (e.g. Jørgensen 1992;  Müssemeier, Nieveler et al. 2003).
Believer (Laura Dawn album)
Believer is a 2001 album by Laura Dawn. It was released by the now-defunct Extasy International Records, an offshoot of the Extasy Records label created by X Japan drummer Yoshiki, and distributed by Warner Bros. It features a hidden track, "Jump Into the Fire", originally by Harry Nilsson.

Dawn described the album as the soundtrack to her rollercoaster life of the preceding few years. She toured the US in support of the album.

The album was produced by Ted Niceley (Fugazi), and the session musicians included Tommy Stinson of the Replacements and Robt Ptak of Size 14 on bass/guitar, drummers Josh Freese from A Perfect Circle and Kevin March of Shudder to Think, and guitarist Richard Fortus of the Psychedelic Furs.

"I Would", taken from the album, reached number 37 on the Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart.

Ted Niceley
Ted Niceley is an American record producer. He is most known for his production work with Fugazi, Girls Against Boys, Jawbox, Tripping Daisy, and others. Apple Music called Niceley "the D.C. scene-shaper" for his impact on the city's explosive and revolutionary punk scene in the 1980s and 1990s.
Amanda Lightfoot
Amanda Lightfoot (born 30 January 1987) is a former British biathlete who competed in many international races.

Lightfoot was born in Coventry. She took up the sport after first learning to ski at the age of nineteen. She is a Sergeant clerk in the Adjutant General's Corps. She was selected as part of the Team GB squad for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Her trainer was Walter Pichler, and his cousin Wolfgang Pichler at some point. Lightfoot achieved a new personal best at the 2017 Biathlon World Championships in Hochfilzen when she finished 32nd in the individual race.

Adjutant General's Corps
The Adjutant General's Corps is a corps in the British Army responsible for many of its general administrative services, named for the Adjutant-General to the Forces (now the Commander Home Command). As of 2002, the AGC had a staff of 7,000 people.
Verticillium
Verticillium is a genus of fungi in the division Ascomycota, and are an anamorphic form of the family Plectosphaerellaceae. The genus used to include diverse groups comprising saprobes and parasites of higher plants, insects, nematodes, mollusc eggs, and other fungi, thus the genus used to have a wide-ranging group of taxa characterised by simple but ill-defined characters. The genus, currently thought to contain 51 species, may be broadly divided into three ecologically based groups - mycopathogens, entomopathogens, and plant pathogens and related saprotrophs. However, the genus has undergone recent revision into which most entomopathogenic and mycopathogenic isolates fall into a new (unrelated) group called Lecanicillium.

At least five species are known to cause a wilt disease in plants called verticillium wilt: V. dahliae, V. longisporum, V. albo-atrum,  V. nubilum, and V. tricorpus.  A sixth species, V. theobromae, causes fruit or crown rot, a non-wiliting disease.

Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, the other being phloem; both of these are part of the vascular bundle. The basic function of the xylem is to transport water upward from the roots to parts of the plants such as stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients. The word xylem is derived from the Ancient Greek word ξύλον (xúlon), meaning "wood"; the best-known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout a plant. The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858.
M&S Bank
Marks & Spencer Financial Services plc, trading as M&S Bank, is a retail bank operating in the United Kingdom. The company was founded in 1985 as St Michael Financial Services as the financial services division of Marks & Spencer and adopted its current name in 2012.

Initially focused on providing credit through in-house store cards, the bank now provides credit cards, loans and savings accounts for personal customers.

M&S Bank is operated as a joint-venture with HSBC UK and has been a wholly owned subsidiary of the latter since its sale in November 2004. The bank retains its own banking licence and board and continues to occupy its purpose-built headquarters in Chester.

The bank is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by both the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. It subscribes to the Lending Code.

Aviva
Aviva plc is a British multinational insurance company headquartered in London, England. It has about 25.2 million customers across its core markets of the United Kingdom, Ireland and Canada. In the United Kingdom, Aviva is the largest general insurer and a leading life and pensions provider. Aviva is also the second largest general insurer in Canada.

Aviva has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Peacemaker Kurogane
Peace Maker Kurogane (Japanese: PEACE MAKER鐵, Hepburn: Pīsu Meikā Kurogane) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nanae Chrono. It is unrelated to the Peace Maker manga by Ryōji Minagawa. The story begins in 19th century Japan before the Meiji Restoration, a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure while the seeds of the revolution are being planted. The story follows the boy protagonist, Tetsunosuke Ichimura, who joins the Shinsengumi (initially as Toshizō Hijikata's page) while seeking strength to avenge his parents' death at the hands of a Chōshū rebel.

It is a sequel to Shinsengumi Imon Peace Maker (新撰組異聞PEACE MAKER, Shinsengumi Imon Pīsu Meikā), which was published by Enix in the magazine Monthly Shōnen Gangan. Shinsengumi Imon Peace Maker was licensed in North America by Tokyopop.

Ryōji Minagawa
Ryōji Minagawa (皆川 亮二, Minagawa Ryōji; born July 5, 1964) is a Japanese manga artist born in Sumida, Tokyo.

He was invited with Spriggan story writer Hiroshi Takashige to go to a comic convention in Portugal in 1996 as a guest of honor due to his work on Spriggan. He worked on other manga comics before he went on to create Project ARMS with fellow manga artist, Kyoichi Nanatsuki. His first name is sometimes transliterated as Ryouji.
Nathan Griffin Hichborn
Nathan Griffin Hichborn (May 29, 1818 – November 30, 1874) was an American shipbuilder and government official who was Maine State Treasurer from 1865 to 1868 and was the Maine Temperance League's nominee in the 1869 Maine gubernatorial election. His home was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Waldo County, Maine
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Waldo County, Maine.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Waldo County, Maine, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 68 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  Another property was once listed but has been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.
North of England Championships
The North of England Championships and later known as the Rothmans Open North of England Championships (for sponsorship reasons), was a men's and women's grass court tennis tournament founded in 1884 as the North Yorkshire Tournament. It was mainly held at Scarborough, North Yorkshire, Great Britain from (1884–91, 1893–1903, 1905–1966, 1968). The tournament was discontinued in 1974 when it was staged at Hoylake.

Laurence Doherty
Hugh Laurence Doherty (8 October 1875 – 21 August 1919) was a British tennis player and the younger brother of tennis player Reginald Doherty. He was a six-time Grand Slam champion and a double Olympic Gold medalist at the 1900 Summer Olympics in singles and doubles (also winning a Bronze in mixed doubles). In 1903 he became the first non-American player to win the U.S. National Championships.
Abbas Rezayi
Abbas Rezayi is an Iranian politician and former governor of Isfahan province, serving from 2018 to 2021. He served as Governor of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province from 1989 to 1990, under Prime Minister Mir Hossein Mousavi and President Akbar Rafsanjani. He was Chancellor of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, from 1997 to 2005 under Khatami's Presidency.

Rezayi is a professor of medical immunology at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences also known as Medical University of Isfahan (MUI) (Persian: دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی اصفهان, Danushgah-e 'lum-e Pezeshki-ye vâ Xedâmat-e Behedashti-ye Dârmati-ye Esfehan) is a university specializing in basic medical sciences, clinical science, and health services, located in Isfahan, Iran.

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, established in 1946, traces its origins to a historical medical institution founded in Isfahan in 1024/1025 by the renowned physician Avicenna.

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences provides undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate programs in 10 faculties and 75 main departments. The student body consists of about 10,000 students from all 31 provinces of Iran and some foreign countries. Funding for Isfahan University of Medical Sciences is provided by the government (via the ministry of health and medical education) and through some private investments.
Herb Jeffries
Herb Jeffries (born Umberto Alexander Valentino; September 24, 1913 – May 25, 2014) was an American actor of film and television and popular music and jazz singer-songwriter, known for his baritone voice.

He starred in several low-budget "race" Western feature films aimed at black audiences, Harlem on the Prairie (1937), Two-Gun Man from Harlem (1938), Rhythm Rodeo (1938), The Bronze Buckaroo (1939) and Harlem Rides the Range (1939). He also acted in several other films and television shows. During his acting career he was usually billed as Herbert Jeffrey (sometimes "Herbert Jeffries" or "Herbert Jeffries, Sensational Singing Cowboy").

In the 1940s and 1950s Jeffries recorded for a number of labels, including RCA Victor, Exclusive, Coral, Decca, Bethlehem, Columbia, Mercury and Trend. His album Jamaica, recorded by RKO, is a concept album of self-composed calypso songs.

Trend Records
Trend Records was a post-World War II United States jazz record label.

Trend's back catalogue was purchased by Albert Marx, an authority on jazz music and entrepreneur who  founded Discovery Records in 1948, and much of its material was reissued in the 1980s. Among those who recorded for Trend are Van Alexander, Robert Conti, Shelly Manne, Clare Fischer, Dick Berk, Matt Dennis and Ray Linn.
La Verpillière
La Verpillière (French pronunciation: [la vɛʁpijɛʁ]) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

La Verpillière railway station on the line between Lyon and Grenoble is located to the south-east of the town center.

Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
Heartland Parkway
Heartland Parkway was a planned controlled-access toll road consisting of approximately 110–150 miles (180–240 km) from Interstate 4 near the Polk-Osceola County line in central Florida to the Fort Myers–Naples area of southwest Florida, through rural portions of Polk, Hardee, Highlands, DeSoto, Glades, Lee, and possibly Collier counties. The proposed corridor has been in planning since 2006 with the project revived and abandoned multiple times until its most recent abandonment in 2021.

Naples, Florida
Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,115, down from 19,539 at the 2010 census. Naples is a principal city of the Naples–Marco Island metropolitan area, which had a population of about 375,752 as of 2020.

Naples is the self-titled "Golf Capital of the World" with the second-most golf holes per capita and the most holes of any city in Florida. The city is also known for being appealing to retirees, who make up a large percentage of the population.
Xfe
X File Explorer (Xfe) is a graphical file manager for the X Window System for Unix and Unix-like operating systems, written by Roland Baudin. Its stated goals are simplicity, lightness and ease of use. It is written in the programming language C++ using the FOX toolkit, and licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

X Window System
The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at version 11 (hence "X11") since September 1987.  The X.Org Foundation leads the X project, with the current reference implementation, X.Org Server, available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses.
Greatest Hits 1990–1992
Greatest Hits 1990–1992 is a compilation album by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released by Liberty Records in April 1993, containing most of the singles from Tennessee Woman, What Do I Do with Me and Can't Run from Yourself (the Top 10 hit single "Tell Me About It" was omitted). No new material was recorded for the project. The album peaked at number 15 on the Top Country Albums chart and number 65 on the Billboard 200 and was certified Platinum by the RIAA.

Liberty Records
Liberty Records was a record label founded in the United States by chairman Simon Waronker in 1955 with Alvin Bennett as president and Theodore Keep as chief engineer. It was reactivated in 2001 in the United Kingdom and had two previous revivals.
Little Bytham
Little Bytham is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 384.  It lies on the B1176 road, 4 miles (6 km) south from Corby Glen and 6 miles (10 km) north from Stamford .

The East Coast Main Line railway cuts through the eastern side of the village over viaducts. On the edge of Little Bytham to the east is the West Glen River. Further east lie Witham on the Hill and Grimsthorpe Castle estate. To the west is Castle Bytham and, over the Rutland county boundary, is Clipsham. Careby is just to the south.

The name 'Bytham' is first recorded in 1067 (as a monastery that rapidly translated to Vaudey Abbey), and comes from the Old English word bythme meaning Valley bottom, broad valley.

Grimsthorpe Castle
Grimsthorpe Castle is a country house in Lincolnshire, England 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Bourne on the A151. It lies within a 3,000 acre (12 km2) park of rolling pastures, lakes, and woodland landscaped by Capability Brown. While Grimsthorpe is not a castle in the strict sense of the word, its character is massive and martial – the towers and outlying pavilions recalling the bastions of a great fortress in classical dress. Grimsthorpe has been the home of the de Eresby family since 1516. The present occupant is the 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, granddaughter of Nancy Astor, who died at Grimsthorpe in 1964.
Miosynechodus
Miosynechodus is a dubious genus of extinct ray from the Miocene of Sri Lanka. It was originally identified as a fin spine from a late-surviving hybodontid, but it is now considered to be a myliobatiform tail stinger. A single species is known, Miosynechodus mora, which was named in 1969.

Batomorphi
Batomorphi is a division of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays; this taxon is sometimes considered as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as the division Batomorphi. Batomorphi, along with the shark division Selachii, both compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the most speciose of cartilaginous fishes groups, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.
Tom Trevelyan
Thomas Trevelyan (born April 8, 1949) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played 20 games during the 1974–75 WHA season with the San Diego Mariners of the World Hockey Association. As a youth, he played in the 1961 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Scarboro Lions.

San Diego Mariners
The San Diego Mariners were a professional ice hockey team based in San Diego, California, that competed in the World Hockey Association (WHA). The team played its home games at the San Diego Sports Arena. Previous to being in San Diego, the team was known as the New York Raiders, New York Golden Blades, and the Jersey Knights. After folding in 1977, San Diego Mariners' name was adopted by an unrelated franchise in the low-level, minor professional Pacific Hockey League (PHL).
Touro Cemetery
Touro Synagogue Cemetery (also known as the Jewish Cemetery at Newport), dedicated in 1677, is located in the colonial historic district of Newport, Rhode Island, not far from the Touro Synagogue. Other Jewish graves are found nearby as part of the Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery on Farewell Street.

The gated Touro Cemetery is at present opened to the public only once per year.

Egyptian Revival architecture
Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798, and Admiral Nelson's defeat of the French Navy at the Battle of the Nile later that year. Napoleon took a scientific expedition with him to Egypt. Publication of the expedition's work, the Description de l'Égypte, began in 1809 and was published as a series through 1826. The size and monumentality of the façades discovered during his adventure cemented the hold of Egyptian aesthetics on the Parisian elite. However, works of art and architecture (such as funerary monuments) in the Egyptian style had been made or built occasionally on the European continent since the time of the Renaissance.
Alexander Ezer
Alexander  Ezer (Yevzerov) (1894–1973) was a leader of the Zionist movement in Siberia and a proponent of expanding commerce, tourism and industry in both the pre-state Yishuv and the then-newly established State of Israel. Ezer was elected in 1931 to the 3rd Assembly of Representatives (Mandatory Palestine) ("Asefat Hanivcharim") representing the Revisionist Party of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, and later served as chief adviser on tourism for the first government of Israel.

Ezer was the chief designer of the Middle East pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair and the organizer of the 1928 and 1934 Levant Industrial Fairs (Levant Fair or "Yerid Hamizrach"). He was the founder of Binyanei HaUma and organized its first international exhibition, Kibush Hashmama in 1953.

Assembly of Representatives (Mandatory Palestine)
The Assembly of Representatives (Hebrew: אספת הנבחרים, Asefat HaNivharim) was the elected parliamentary assembly of the Jewish community in Mandatory Palestine. It was established on 19 April 1920, and functioned until 13 February 1949, the day before the first Knesset, elected on 25 January, was sworn in. The Assembly met once a year to elect the executive body, the Jewish National Council, which was responsible for education, local government, welfare, security and defense. It also voted on the budgets proposed by the Jewish National Council and the Rabbinical Council.
Marchena, Spain
Marchena is a town in the Province of Seville in Andalusia, Spain. From ancient times to the present, Marchena has come under the rule of various powers. Marchena is a service center for its surrounding agricultural lands of olive orchards and fields of cereal crops. It is also a center for the processing of olives and other primary products. Marchena is a town of historic and cultural heritage. Attractions include the Church of San Juan Bautista within the Moorish town walls and the Arco de la Rosa (Arch of the Rose). The town is associated with the folkloric tradition of Flamenco. It is the birthplace of artists including Pepe Marchena and Melchor de Marchena, guitarist. their dukes are descendants of the house of bourbon-braganza.

Francisco de Zurbarán
Francisco de Zurbarán (/ˌzʊərbəˈrɑːn/ ZOOR-bə-RAHN, Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko ðe θuɾβaˈɾan]; baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664) was a Spanish painter. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname "Spanish Caravaggio", owing to the forceful use of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.

He was the father of the painter Juan de Zurbarán.
Fat Tong Chau
Fat Tong Chau (Chinese: 佛堂洲; lit. 'Buddhist Hall Island'), also known as Junk Island in English, and formerly called Fat Tau Chau (佛頭洲; 'Buddhist Head Island') or Fu Tau Chau (斧頭洲; 'Axe Head Island'), is a former island of Hong Kong. It is now part of Tseung Kwan O (also called Junk Bay) and Clear Water Bay Peninsula, Sai Kung as a result of land reclamation. It is located in the southeastern part of Junk Bay.

Sai Kung District
Sai Kung District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The district comprises the southern half of the Sai Kung Peninsula, the Clear Water Bay Peninsula in the New Territories and a strip of land to the east of Kowloon. Areas in the district include Sai Kung Town, Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark, Tseung Kwan O and over 70 islands of different sizes. The administrative centre had been located in Sai Kung Town until the Sai Kung District Office was relocated to Tseung Kwan O recently. The district's population is concentrated in Tseung Kwan O, as of 2011. In 2011, the district was the third youngest district, with a median age of 39.3. Known as the "back garden of Hong Kong", Sai Kung has been able to retain its natural scenery. Many traditional customs and cultures are still retained in the rural villages.