hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vertex enumeration problem
In mathematics, the vertex enumeration problem for a polytope, a polyhedral cell complex, a hyperplane arrangement, or some other object of discrete geometry, is the problem of determination of the object's vertices given some formal representation of the object. A classical example is the problem of enumeration of the vertices of a convex polytope specified by a set of linear inequalities:

where A is an m×n matrix, x is an n×1 column vector of variables, and b is an m×1 column vector of constants. The inverse (dual) problem of finding the bounding inequalities given the vertices is called facet enumeration (see convex hull algorithms).

CW complex
In mathematics, and specifically in topology, a CW complex (also cellular complex or cell complex) is a topological space that is built by gluing together topological balls (so-called cells) of different dimensions in specific ways. The notion generalizes both manifolds and simplicial complexes and has particular significance for algebraic topology. It was initially introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the needs of homotopy theory.
CW complexes have better categorical properties than simplicial complexes, but still retain a combinatorial nature that allows for computation (often with a much smaller complex).

The C in CW stands for "closure-finite", and the W for "weak" topology.
Wrongful detention
Wrongful detention is the detention of an individual where there is no likelihood or evidence that they have committed a crime against a legal statute, or in which there has been no proper due process of law. A person does not need to be arrested in order to be wrongfully detained. Persons can be arbitrarily or wrongfully detained if they are not allowed to leave a specific jurisdiction (a type of travel ban known as an exit ban) or if they are prevented from traveling to or from a specific area or region.

Bring Our Families Home
Bring Our Families Home (BOFH) is a campaign by family members of American hostages and detainees advocating for their immediate release. The James Foley Legacy Foundation claims that there are approximately sixty Americans who are being held hostage or wrongfully detained abroad. The Foley Foundation provides support to BOFH.

The successful advocacy campaign of Trevor Reed's family, which pressured the U.S. government to secure his release from Russia, was a transformative moment for the families who founded BOFH. The detention of Brittney Griner in Russia, who is a member of BOFH, has elevated the profile of wrongful detentions and American hostages.
Nadym River Bridge
The Nadym River Bridge is a combined single-level bridge that was opened on September 11, 2015. It is located simultaneously on the Surgut – Salekhard highway and on the Salekhard – Nadym – Korotchaevo railway line. It is an element of the Northern Latitudinal Railway project, designed to link the Arctic region with the central areas of Russia and the Urals.

The total length of the passage is 3.1 km, including the bridge (1334 m) and access areas (1770 m). The length of the superstructure is 110 m. The construction started in 2011, and the road crossing was opened in 2015. The construction of the railway part of the bridge was postponed.

The construction companies that participated in the erection of the bridge are OJSC Mostostroy-11, CJSC Kurganstalmost, and Llc Urengoydorstroy.

Surgut
Surgut (Russian: Сургут, IPA: [sʊrˈgut]; Khanty: Сәрханӆ, Sərhanł; Сө̆ркут, Sörkut) is a city in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Ob River. It is one of the few cities in Russia to be larger than the capital or the administrative center of its federal subject in terms of population, economic activity, and tourist traffic. The population as per the last four Russian censuses: 396,443 (2021 Census); 306,675 (2010 Census); 285,027 (2002 Census); 247,823 (1989 Soviet census).
Peter Lachmann
Sir Peter Julius Lachmann FRS FMedSci (23 December 1931 – 26 December 2020) was a British immunologist, specialising in the study of the complement system. He was emeritus Sheila Joan Smith Professor of Immunology at the  University of Cambridge, a fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge and honorary fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge and of Imperial College. He was knighted for service to medical science in 2002.

Christ's College, Cambridge
Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college includes the master, the fellows of the college, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its modern form.

Alumni of the college include the poet John Milton, the naturalist Charles Darwin, as well as the Nobel Laureates Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd, Duncan Haldane, and John Clarke. The Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.
Juan Jose Peruyero
Juan Jose Peruyero (c. 1931 – January 8, 1977) was a Cuban exile and anti-communist activist. He took part in the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961, and he later served as the president of its veteran association in Miami, Florida, where he was assassinated in 1977. He is the namesake of the Juan J. Peruyero Museum and Manuel F. Artime Library in Miami, also known as the Bay of Pigs Museum.

Cuban exile
A Cuban exile is a person who has been exiled from Cuba. Many Cuban exiles have various differing experiences as emigrants depending on when they emigrated from Cuba, and why they emigrated.

The exile of Cubans has been a dominating factor in Cuban history since the early independence struggles, in which various average Cubans and political leaders spent long periods of time in exile. Long since independence struggles, Miami has become a notable center of residence for exilic Cubans, and a cultural hub of Cuban life outside of Cuba. Miami became a center for Cuban emigrants, during the 1960s, because of a growing Cuban-owned business community which was supportive of recently arrived Cubans.
Lungalunga language
Lungalunga (Lunga Lunga), frequently though ambiguously called Minigir, is spoken by a small number of the Tolai people of Papua New Guinea, who live on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province. It is often referred to in the linguistics literature as the Tolai "dialect" with an /s/.

Gazelle Peninsula
The Gazelle Peninsula is a large peninsula in northeastern East New Britain, Papua New Guinea located on the island of New Britain within the Bismarck Archipelago, situated in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
The Rabaul caldera is located on the northern tip of the peninsula. 
Upon the Gazelle Peninsula are the Baining Mountains, of which the highest point is Mount Sinewit at 2,063 m (6,768 ft).
The Gazelle Peninsula houses Vulcan Crater and Mount Tavurvur, both of which conducted volcanic activity in the 20th and 21st centuries and have provided extremely fertile soils.
The body of the Gazelle Peninsula is about 80 km (50 mi).
The southern isthmus upon which the Gazelle Peninsula is connected to the main body of East New Britain is reduced to about 32 km (20 mi).
Procharista ranongensis
Procharista ranongensis is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 2009. It is found in Thailand.

The wingspan is about 13.5 mm. The forewings are uniform yellowish brown. The hindwings are uniform clothed.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Wodzisław Śląski railway station
Wodzisław Śląski railway station is a railway station in Wodzisław Śląski, Poland.

The station opened in 1882. As of 2019, it is served by Koleje Śląskie, Przewozy Regionalne (local and regional services), Leo Express and PKP Intercity (international and intercity services). InterRegio and Koleje Śląskie services are on the line between Katowice and Bohumín also Kraków – Chałupki. PKP Intercity services are on the lines between Warsaw and Prague, Budapest, Graz, Gdynia, Przemyśl and Vienna. Leo Express services are on the line between Prague and Kraków.

Koleje Śląskie
Koleje Śląskie (Polish for Silesian Railways; KŚ) is a regional rail operator in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland.
The company was founded in 2010 and is fully owned by the local government. It started servicing in October 2011.
Katsu curry
Katsu curry (Japanese: カツカレー, romanized: katsukarē) is a Japanese dish consisting of tonkatsu (pork cutlet) served with Japanese rice and curry. It is served on a large plate and is typically eaten using a spoon or fork. The cutlet is usually precut into strips, eliminating the need for a knife.

Generally eaten as a main course, the dish can be accompanied with fukujinzuke pickles and miso soup. In Japan, there are fast-food restaurant chains which specialize in serving katsu curry, with varying meats and types of curry. The pork cutlet can be substituted with chicken.

In Japan, the name refers exclusively to a dish of curry served with a cutlet. However, in the United Kingdom, where the dish enjoyed a surge in popularity in the 2010s, the name is sometimes applied to any type of Japanese curry, with the curry itself sometimes referred to as "katsu sauce".

Main course
A main course is the featured or primary dish in a meal consisting of several courses. The nature of what qualifies as a main course, and how and when it is served, varies cross-culturally. In the "Classical Order" of service à la française, the main course generally follows the entrée (lit. 'entry') course.
Alex Mollette
Alex Mollette (born June 23, 1998) is an American former professional football center. He played college football at Marshall. He signed with the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent in 2022. He was also a member of the Detroit Lions of the NFL, the Houston Roughnecks of the XFL, and the San Antonio Brahmas of the United Football League (UFL).

Marshall Thundering Herd football
The Marshall Thundering Herd football team is an intercollegiate varsity sports program of Marshall University. The team represents the university as a member of the Sun Belt Conference East Division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, playing at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level.

Marshall plays at Joan C. Edwards Stadium, which seats 38,227 and is expandable to 55,000. At the end of the 2024 football season, Marshall had a 192–45 record at Joan C. Edwards Stadium for a winning percentage of .810. The stadium opened in 1991 as Marshall University Stadium with a crowd of 33,116 for a 24–23 win over New Hampshire. On September 10, 2010, Marshall played the in-state rival West Virginia Mountaineers in Huntington in front of a record crowd of 41,382. Joan C. Edwards Stadium is one of two Division I stadiums named for a woman. The playing field is named James F. Edwards Field after Joan Edwards' husband, who was a businessman and philanthropist.
Diogenes pugilator
Diogenes pugilator is a species of hermit crab, sometimes called the small hermit crab or south-claw hermit crab. It is found from the coast of Angola to as far north as the North Sea, and eastwards through the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Red Sea. Populations of D. pugilator may be kept in check by the predatory crab Liocarcinus depurator.

This crab was first described in 1829 by Jean Louis Florent Polydore Roux as Pagurus pugilator.

Polybius depurator
Polybius depurator, sometimes called the harbour crab or sandy swimming crab, is a species of crab found in the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea. It grows up to 50 millimetres (2.0 in) in width and 40 mm (1.6 in) long, and can be distinguished from other crabs, such as the shore crab Carcinus maenas, by the curved rows of white spots on its carapace.

The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, in his 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It has a synonym, Portunus plicatus, which was given by Antoine Risso in 1816.

The females in this species reach maturity within their first year of life. They reach their peak of reproduction during the winter time in the Mediterranean.
Eddie Bush
Edward Webster Bush (July 11, 1918 — May 31, 1984) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman and coach. He played 26 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Detroit Red Wings between 1939 and 1942. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1938 to 1951, was spent in various minor leagues. He later became a coach, spending several years in the junior Ontario Hockey Association, finishing by coaching the Kansas City Scouts of the NHL for 32 games during their second and final season in 1975–76.

Ontario Hockey Association
The Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) is the governing body for the majority of junior and senior level ice hockey teams in the province of Ontario. Founded in 1890, the OHA is sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Federation along with the Northern Ontario Hockey Association. Other Ontario sanctioning bodies along with the OHF include the Hockey Eastern Ontario and Hockey Northwestern Ontario. The OHA controls three tiers of junior hockey; the "Tier 2 Junior "A", Junior "B" , Junior "C", and one senior hockey league, Allan Cup Hockey.

In 1980, the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League vacated what was known as Tier I Junior "A" hockey.  The league is now known as the Ontario Hockey League.  Although it is not a charter member of the OHA, the OHL is affiliated with the OHA and Ontario Hockey Federation.
Günzburg station
Gunzburg station is an important Swabian railway junction and the only station of the large district town of Günzburg in the German state of Bavaria. The town also has the Wasserburg (Günz) station on the Central Swabian Railway (German: Mittelschwabenbahn). The station has six platform tracks and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station. It is served daily by about 125 trains of Deutsche Bahn and Agilis. The Central Swabian Railway branches from the Ulm–Augsburg railway at Günzburg station.

Günzburg
Günzburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʏntsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Swabian: Genzburg) is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is a Große Kreisstadt and the capital of the Swabian district Günzburg. This district was constituted in 1972 by combining the city of Günzburg – which had not previously been assigned to a Kreis (district) – with the district of Günzburg and the district of Krumbach.

Günzburg lies where the river Günz enters the Danube, and has a population of about 20,350.

Legoland Deutschland Resort is located in Günzburg.
Francisca Duarte
Francisca Duarte (Antwerp, 1595 – Gest Alkmaar, 1640) was a Portuguese singer. She was active as a court singer at the court of the governor in the Spanish Netherlands.

She was the daughter of the banker and jeweler Diego Duarte (1545? -1628) and Leonora Duarte Rodrigues (1565? -1632?), Jewish converts to Catholicism who emigrated from Portugal to the Spanish Netherlands, and married Francisco Ferdinand du Pas (1586-1646) in 1613.

She settled in Alkmaar, where she became acquainted with Maria Tesselschade Visscher, who introduced her to artistic circles, where she was noted to be a great singer, and became the muse of poets. From 1630 onward, she acted as court singer at the court of the general governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Isabella Clara Eugenia and then Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria. In 1638, for example, she performed to the exiled Maria de Medici. Duarte was famous in contemporary Europe and the subject of poetic celebration for her song.

Isabella Clara Eugenia
Isabella Clara Eugenia (Spanish: Isabel Clara Eugenia; 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633), sometimes referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia, was sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands, and the Free County of Burgundy, from 1598 to 1621, ruling jointly with her husband Archduke Albert VII of Austria. After Albert's death, those regions were returned to the Spanish Habsburgs, and she continued to rule as governess of the Spanish Netherlands until her death.

Their reign is considered the Golden Age of the Habsburg Netherlands, which saw a revival of its economy and arts after a peace was concluded with the break-away Dutch Republic. Isabella was one of the most powerful women in 16th- and 17th-century Europe.
Bahram Beg (Shirvanshah)
Bahram Beg (Persian: بهرام بیگ) was the 37th Shirvanshah, and ruled over Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty. Despite the enmity that existed between the Shirvanshahs and the ruling Safavid dynasty, Safavid king Ismail I (r. 1501—1524) allowed, after his conquest and defeat of Bahram's father Farrukh Yassar, the latter to rule as a Safavid subject.

Shirvan
Shirvan (from Classical Persian شروان Shirwān or شیروان Shīrwān [Iranian Persian: شروان Shervân or شیروان Shirvân]; Azerbaijani: Şirvan; Tat: Şirvan) is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan that stretches between the western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Kura River, centered on the Shirvan Plain.
Washington Crossing Bridge (Pittsburgh)
The Washington Crossing Bridge, commonly known as the Fortieth Street Bridge, is an arch bridge that carries vehicular traffic across the Allegheny River between the Pittsburgh neighborhood of Lawrenceville and the suburb of Millvale. The bridge is decorated with the seals representing the original 13 states of the United States and that of Allegheny County.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Adrienne Outlaw
Adrienne Outlaw (born 1970) is an American sculptor and interdisciplinary artist. Her work draws inspiration from bioethical issues and biotechnology. Based in Tennessee, she is represented by whitespace gallery, in Atlanta, Georgia.

Her work is included in the permanent collections of the US Embassy in Abuja, Nigeria, Cheekwood Museum of Art, and the Tennessee State Museum. Outlaw's work has been featured in Art in America, Art Papers, World Sculpture, Sculpture, USArt, FiberArts, and Number: An Independent Arts Journal. Outlaw is a graduate of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago,(BFA, 1993) and Vanderbilt University, (MLAS, 2004).

Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art
Cheekwood is a 55-acre (22 ha) historic estate on the western edge of Nashville, Tennessee that houses the Cheekwood Estate & Gardens.  Formerly the residence of Nashville's Cheek family, the 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) Georgian-style mansion was opened as a botanical garden and art museum in 1960.
Seven Thorns
Seven Thorns is a Danish power metal band formed in 1998. The group have undergone multiple changes in line-up leading up to the release of their debut album, Return to the Past in 2010. Despite being somewhat latecomers to the power metal scene, the first 2 albums has clear inspiration from the "old school of power metal" citing influences by bands such as Gamma Ray, Helloween and Stratovarius. The later albums shows a more dark approach than the majority of power metal bands.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
2022 WAC men's soccer tournament
The 2022 Western Athletic Conference men's soccer tournament was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the Western Athletic Conference held from November 9 to November 13, 2022. The five-match tournament took place at CBU Soccer Field in Riverside, California on the campus of California Baptist University. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular-season divisional conference play.  The defending champions were the Seattle Redhawks.  Seattle was unable to defend their crown, falling 4–0 to San Jose State in the Semifinals.  California Baptist went on to win the title in a penalty shoot-out against San Jose State. This was California Baptist's first WAC Tournament victory in program history and first for head coach Coe Michaelson.  As tournament champions, California Baptist earned the WAC's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament.

2022 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The 2022 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament was the 64th edition of the NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament, a postseason tournament to determine the national champion of the 2022 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The tournament started on November 17 and culminated with the Men's College Cup, the semifinals and finals of the tournament, which was played on December 9 and December 12 in Cary, North Carolina.

In the championship game Syracuse defeated Indiana 2–2 (7–6 pk).
Student Activity Complex
The Student Activity Complex is a soccer, track and field and football stadium and performing arts auditorium in Laredo, Texas owned by the United Independent School District. The complex is better known outside of South Texas as the home stadium for PDL 2007 champion franchise Laredo Heat until 2007 when the franchise moved to the Texas A&M International University Soccer Complex. The stadium also serves as home and away to UISD schools. It is home to the Alexander Bulldogs, LBJ Wolves, United Longhorns, and the United South Panthers. The auditorium is located next to the stadium which is used for band concerts, drama, and other related attractions.

South Texas
South Texas is a geographic and cultural region of the U.S. state of Texas that lies roughly south of—and includes—San Antonio. It is bordered by the Rio Grande,to the south and west, and by the Gulf of Mexico to the east. The population of this region is more than 5 million according to the 2024 census estimates. The southern portion of this region is often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley. The eastern portion along the Gulf of Mexico is also referred to as the Coastal Bend.

Greater Houston and Beaumont–Port Arthur are occasionally tied to the region because they are on the southern end of the state and for businesses that use "South Texas" in its name. (i.e. South Texas School of Law, South Texas State Fair, etc.). However, the two are more commonly associated with East Texas or Southeast Texas.