hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas McGowan
Douglas McGowan, MC (November 18, 1915 – October 25, 1989) was a Canadian politician and businessman. He represented 3rd Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1959 to 1966 as a Progressive Conservative.

McGowan was born in 1915 in Kilmuir, Prince Edward Island. He married Elizabeth Margaret Watson in 1945. McGowan attended Mount Allison University, and was a businessman by career. He established McGowan Motors in Montague, Prince Edward Island. McGowan was also a municipal councillor, serving as deputy mayor of Montague from 1951 to 1955.

McGowan entered provincial politics in the 1959 election, when he defeated Liberal incumbent Keir Clark by 58 votes to become councillor for the electoral district of 3rd Kings. He was re-elected in the 1962 election. McGowan did not re-offer in the 1966 election.

McGowan died in Montague on October 25, 1989.

Montague, Prince Edward Island
Montague is a community within the Town of Three Rivers in Kings County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Previously incorporated as a town, it amalgamated with the Town of Georgetown, the rural municipalities of Brudenell, Cardigan, Lorne Valley, Lower Montague, and Valleyfield, and portions of three adjacent unincorporated areas in September 2018 to form the Town of Three Rivers.

Montague is the largest population centre in the county and straddles the Montague River which is the dividing line between the townships of Lot 52 and Lot 59. The community functions as a regional service centre for the eastern end of the province, supporting two supermarkets, three hardware stores, a number of independent businesses, and several fast food restaurants, banks, and car dealerships.
Crunode
In mathematics, a crunode (archaic; from Latin crux "cross" + node) or node of an algebraic curve is a type of singular point at which the curve intersects itself so that both branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines at the point of intersection. A crunode is also known as an ordinary double point.

In the case of a smooth real plane curve f(x, y) = 0, a point is a crunode provided that both first partial derivatives vanish

and the Hessian determinant is negative:

Hessian matrix
In mathematics, the Hessian matrix, Hessian or (less commonly) Hesse matrix is a square matrix of second-order partial derivatives of a scalar-valued function, or scalar field. It describes the local curvature of a function of many variables. The Hessian matrix was developed in the 19th century by the German mathematician Ludwig Otto Hesse and later named after him. Hesse originally used the term "functional determinants". The Hessian is sometimes denoted by H or  or  or  or .
Anton Syrée
Anton Hugh Syrée (21 October 1859 – 9 January 1924) was a Cape Colony-born British medical doctor who played one first-class cricket match for Kent County Cricket Club in 1879.

Syrée was born at Port Corrie in Cape Colony in 1859. He made his only known senior cricket appearance against Nottinghamshire at Canterbury in June 1879.

Syrée was a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, living for a period at Northallerton in Yorkshire where his wife died in 1887. He died at Cheslyn Hay in Staffordshire in January 1924 aged 64, having committed suicide by administering an overdose of strychnine.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons
Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The examination, currently organised on an intercollegiate basis, is required to enter higher surgical training (ST 3+) in one of the Royal colleges. Thus today's MRCS has replaced the former MRCS(Eng), MRCS(Ed), MRCS(Glas), and MRCS(I). (Similarly, the MRCP is also now intercollegiate.)
Alton, Texas bus crash
A school bus crash occurring on September 21, 1989, in Alton, Texas, in the Rio Grande Valley region, resulted in the deaths of 21 junior and senior high school students by drowning or causes related to being asphyxiated. A bottling truck collided with the school bus, causing the bus to enter a caliche pit filled with water. The driver of the truck was acquitted of negligent homicide charges. The payoffs from lawsuits compensating for the deaths of the students caused division in the Alton community. A local middle school was subsequently named in honor of the deceased.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Fatal Accident Reporting System, the Alton crash was the sole school bus accident in the United States in the period 1979–1989 in which passengers died due to submersion-related causes. As of 2010 it is the deadliest school bus accident in Texas history.

Lower Rio Grande Valley
The Lower Rio Grande Valley (Spanish: Valle del Río Grande), often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of South Texas, is a region located in the southernmost part of Texas. It is located along the border of Texas with Mexico located in a floodplain of the Rio Grande near its mouth. The region includes the southernmost tip of South Texas. It consists of the Brownsville-Harlingen and McAllen-Edinburg-Mission metropolitan areas, and the Rio Grande City-Roma and Raymondville micropolitan areas. The area is generally bilingual in English and Spanish, with a fair amount of Spanglish due to the region's diverse history and transborder agglomerations. It is home to some of the poorest cities in the nation, as well as many unincorporated, persistent poverty communities called colonias. A large seasonal influx occurs of "winter Texans" – people who come down from the north for the winter and then return north before summer arrives.
Neil Canton
Neil Canton (born 30 May 1948) is an American film producer from New York City best known for his work on the Back to the Future trilogy. Canton currently serves as an instructor and mentor at the American Film Institute Conservatory as a member of the Producing faculty.

AFI Conservatory
The AFI Conservatory is a private non-profit graduate film school in the Hollywood Hills district of Los Angeles. Students (called "Fellows") learn from the masters in a collaborative, hands-on production environment with an emphasis on storytelling. The Conservatory is a program of the American Film Institute founded in 1969.
Louis-Paul Motazé
Louis-Paul Motazé (born 31 January 1959) is a Cameroonian politician who has served in the government of Cameroon as Minister of the Economy since 2015. He previously served as Minister of the Economy from 2007 to 2011 and as Secretary-General of the Office of the Prime Minister of Cameroon from 2011 to 2015. Since 2 March 2018, he has been Minister of Finance of Cameroon.

Prime Minister of Cameroon
Under the current Constitution of Cameroon, the prime minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless position. While the prime minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the president retains most of the executive power and can fire the prime minister at will.

The current prime minister, Joseph Ngute, was appointed by President Paul Biya. He took the office on 4 January 2019.
Director's Special (whisky)
Director's Special, commonly referred to by its abbreviation DSP, is a brand of Indian whisky, manufactured by United Spirits Ltd (USL). It is molasses based. Shaw Wallace won a legal battle in US courts against the Scotch Whisky Association (SWA) to sell the product as "whisky".

Scotch Whisky Association
The Scotch Whisky Association (SWA) is a trade organisation that represents the Scotch whisky industry based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The Scotch whisky industry is an important part of the Scottish economy, and particularly the Scottish export market.
Butter-Cake Dick's
Butter-Cake Dick's was a Manhattan café in the cellar of the New-York Daily Tribune building in Spruce Street. It was named after the proprietor, Richard Marshall, who had been a newsman but now sold butter-cakes, also known as sinkers, which were a type of rich biscuit containing a knob of butter. It was open all night and did good business with newsboys and politicians from the nearby Tammany Hall who would treat journalists to a butter-cake as a form of patronage or bribe. In the 1850s, the price of a butter-cake with a cup of coffee was three cents.

They are always hot and always ready, with the butter dripping at the edges, where the severed halves have been put together, and the outside surfaces crisp and blackened, as if they had been lying for a long time on a hot tin...

I could look from my post across the Park and see the genial light of this haven of refuge, the windows deliciously frosted with congealed coffee-steam. O, how I wanted coffee!

Newspaper hawker
A newspaper hawker, newsboy or newsie is a street vendor of newspapers without a fixed newsstand. Related jobs include paperboys, delivering newspapers to subscribers, and news butchers, selling papers on trains. The job was historically done by children, especially in the United States. The profession has faced significant decline worldwide in modern times owing to the advent of online news.

In the United States they became an iconic image of youthful entrepreneurship. Famous Americans that had worked as newsboys included Bruce Barton, Ralph Bunche, Joe DiMaggio, Thomas Edison, Dwight Eisenhower, Sam Rayburn, Walter Reuther, David Sarnoff, Cardinal Spellman, Harry Truman and Mark Twain.
Demetrius Douglas
Demetrius M. Douglas (born June 8, 1967) is an American politician who has been a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives since 2013. Douglas represents District 78 which contains parts of Clayton County and Henry County.

Douglas was a linebacker for the University of Georgia Bulldogs. He also played briefly in the NFL and CFL. Douglas is currently a mortgage broker and high school football coach. Douglas signed with the New York Jets in May 1990 for the team's 1990 season but was soon released. He then signed with the Calgary Stampeders for two years. Douglas finally moved to the Washington Redskins, but suffered an ankle injury on the second day of practice.

Clayton County, Georgia
Clayton County is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 297,595 by the U.S. Census Bureau. The county seat is Jonesboro.

Clayton County is one of the core counties of the Atlanta metropolitan area, and it is the sixth most-populous county in the state. It is the home of most of Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the busiest airport in the world by total passengers.

The county was the defendant in the landmark LGBT rights case of Bostock v. Clayton County (2020).
Mac Bohonnon
Mac Bohonnon (born March 27, 1995) is an American  freestyle skier originally from Madison, Connecticut. He was named to the United States National Ski Team in 2012. Bohonnon competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Satinder Kumar Saini
Lieutenant General Satinder Kumar Saini, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, VSM, ADC was the 41st Vice Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army and assumed the office on 25 January 2020. He previously served as General Officer Commanding in Chief (GOC-in-C) Southern Command.

Southern Command (India)
Southern Command is a formation of the Indian Army, active since 1895. It has seen action during the integration of several Princely States into modern India, during the 1961 Indian liberation of Goa, and during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani Wars.

Lieutenant General Dhiraj Seth is the present Southern Army Commander.
Perfect attendance award
A perfect attendance award is traditionally given at the end of the school year in U.S. schools to honor students who were present for every day of school during that year, or in some cases across multiple years. Supporters believe that the award promotes education by encouraging students to attend class.

Offering a perfect attendance award may promote presenteeism and hurt public health by encouraging students to attend class when sick with a potentially contagious illness, while punishing those who decide to stay home to recover. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourages schools from offering awards or other incentives to promote school attendance by students who are sick or potentially contagious.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Rainio
Rainio is a surname of Finnish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Aino Forsten (1885–1937), born Aina Rainio, Finnish politician and educator

Jussi Rainio (1878–1918), Finnish journalist and politician

Selma Rainio (1873–1939), Finnish missionary

Väinö Rainio (1896–1979), Finnish athlete

Jussi Rainio
Jussi Rainio (5 April 1878, Maaria – 10 May 1918, Pori) was a Finnish journalist and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1911 to 1913, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland. After the 1918 Finnish Civil War, he was arrested by the Whites and murdered in the jail cell of the Pori Old Town Hall in May 1918.

His sister Aino Forsten was also a member of the Parliament of Finland. She was later executed in the Soviet Union in 1937.
Ida Ou Moumen
Ida Ou Moumen is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 6023 people living in 961 households.

Taroudant Province
Taroudant (Arabic: تارودانت) is a province in the Moroccan region of Souss-Massa. Its population in 2024 is 857,673.

The major cities and towns are:

Ait Iaaza

Aoulouz

El Guerdane

Irherm

Oulad Berhil

Oulad Teima

Taliouine

Taroudant
Alphavirus
Alphavirus is a genus of RNA viruses, the sole genus in the Togaviridae family. Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the Baltimore classification of viruses, with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. There are 32 alphavirus species, which infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses, as well as invertebrates. Alphaviruses that can infect both vertebrates and arthropods are referred to as dual-host alphaviruses, while insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus and Yada yada virus are restricted to their competent arthropod vector. Transmission between species and their vertebrate hosts (including human) occurs mainly via mosquitoes, making the alphaviruses a member of the collection of arboviruses – or arthropod-borne viruses. Alphavirus particles are enveloped, have a 70 nm diameter, tend to be spherical (although slightly pleomorphic), and have a 40 nm isometric nucleocapsid.

Pleomorphism (microbiology)
In microbiology, pleomorphism (from Ancient Greek πλέω-, pléō, "more", and -μορφή, morphḗ, form), also pleiomorphism, is the ability of some microorganisms to alter their morphology, biological functions or reproductive modes in response to environmental conditions. Pleomorphism has been observed in some members of the Deinococcaceae family of bacteria. The modern definition of pleomorphism in the context of bacteriology is based on variation of morphology or functional methods of the individual cell, rather than a heritable change of these characters as previously believed.
Brendan McManus
Brendan McManus (2 December 1923 – September 2010) was a former professional footballer, who played for Newry Town, Huddersfield Town, Oldham Athletic and Bradford City. He was born in Kilkeel, Northern Ireland. He was a goalkeeper who played 161 Football League matches before playing non-league football with Frickley Colliery and Scarborough.

Newry City F.C.
Newry City Football Club was a Northern Irish football club founded in 1918 and dissolved in 2012. It was based in Newry, County Down and played its home matches at the Showgrounds. Club colours were blue and white. The club was relegated from the IFA Premiership in the 2010–11 season, and after narrowly missing out on promotion back to the top tier the following season, was dissolved in September 2012, when a winding up petition brought against the club by former player and manager Gerry Flynn was granted, and the club decided not to appeal the decision.

The formation of a new club called Newry City AFC was finalised in March 2013, with the club starting life in the Mid-Ulster Football League for the 2013–14 season, reaching the NIFL Championship for the 2017–18 season.
Common footman
The common footman (Manulea lurideola) is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Johann Leopold Theodor Friedrich Zincken in 1817. It is distributed throughout Europe and east through the Palearctic to Lake Baikal.

This species has a wingspan of 31–38 mm. The forewings are grey with a yellowish-buff streak along the costa. The hindwings are a uniform cream colour. Like other footmen, it rests with its wings wrapped around its body. (The common name footman comes from a supposed resemblance to the uniform of a footman.)

Julius Leopold Theodor Friedrich Zincken
Julius Leopold Theodor Friedrich Zincken or Zinken also Sommer (15 April 1770 in Braunschweig – 8 February 1856 in Braunschweig) was a German entomologist. He also appears in literature cited as Zinken-Sommers and Zinken gennant Sommers.

He was co-editor, with Ernst Friedrich Germar of Magazin der Entomologie Hendel & Son. Halle. also known as Germar's Magazine in which he wrote many articles and described new species and genera especially in the Tineidae.

Zincken's collection was sold on his death. Its subsequent history is unknown.
Igor Tyutin
Igor Viktorovich Tyutin (Russian: И́горь Ви́кторович Тю́тин, transliteration: Igor' Viktorovič Tyutin; 24 August 1940 – 23 January 2026) was a Russian theoretical physicist, who worked on quantum field theory.

Tyutin was a professor at the Lebedev Institute in Moscow. In an unpublished Lebedev Institute report, he developed the BRST formalism around 1975 in Russia in parallel to and independently of the work of  Carlo Becchi,  Alain Rouet, and  Raymond Stora in France. The BRST formalism is a method for quantization of fields with constraints such as gauge invariance. In quantum field theory, the procedure is of fundamental importance for attempts at constructing string field theories. In 2009 Tyutin received the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics with Carlo Becchi, Alain Rouet, and Raymond Stora.

Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics
Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics is an award given each year since 1959 jointly by the American Physical Society and American Institute of Physics. It is established by the Heineman Foundation in honour of Dannie Heineman. As of 2010, the prize consists of US$10,000 and a certificate citing the contributions made by the recipient plus travel expenses to attend the meeting at which the prize is bestowed.
Margaret Riley
Margaret Riley (December 9, 1965 – January 23, 2024) was an American film and television producer, agent, and manager. She was known for producing the film Bombshell (2019). She was also an executive producer on the films Gray Matters (2006), Love & Other Drugs (2010), and Billie Eilish: The World's a Little Blurry (2021), and the television series Ratched (2020). Riley's clients included Mark Ruffalo, Bridget Moynahan, Anthony E. Zuiker,  Charles Randolph, Margaret Nagle and Joe Berlinger. Zuiker said, "Margaret Riley managed me for a quarter of a century".

Love & Other Drugs
Love & Other Drugs is a 2010 American romantic comedy drama film directed, produced and co-written by Edward Zwick and based on Jamie Reidy's 2005 non-fiction book Hard Sell: The Evolution of a Viagra Salesman. Starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Anne Hathaway, Oliver Platt, Hank Azaria, Josh Gad and Gabriel Macht, the film tells the story of a medicine peddler in 1990s Pittsburgh who starts a relationship with a young woman suffering from Parkinson's disease.

Love & Other Drugs premiered at the AFI Fest on November 4, 2010 and was released in theaters on November 24, 2010, by 20th Century Fox. It grossed $105 million against a $30 million budget, and received mixed reviews from critics.
Shane Ronayne
Shane Ronayne (born 29 September 1979) is a Gaelic football manager whose first senior inter-county management job, since January 2021, was as manager of the Waterford county team, his father's native county. He resigned after eight months, having managed Waterford to an opening round exit from the 2021 Munster SFC against Limerick and a solitary competitive win against Wexford in the NFL's Division 4.

Before taking charge of the Waterford footballers, he led the Tipperary ladies' Gaelic football team to four national titles during four years in charge. Ronayne took over a team playing Division Three league football and intermediate championship, he left the team as it was about to begin a third year in Division One of the National League and a second year of senior championship.

Ronayne began managing in 2005.

Limerick county football team
The Limerick county football team represents Limerick in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Limerick GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Munster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Limerick's home ground is Mick Neville Park, Rathkeale. The team's manager is Jimmy Lee.

Limerick was the first Munster county to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC). It has won two All-Ireland Senior Championships. The county last won the Munster Senior Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1896. Limerick have never won the National League.
Calaveras Creek (California)
Calaveras Creek is a northward-flowing stream in Alameda and Santa Clara counties of California. It runs for 8.5 miles (13.7 km), starting from Poverty Ridge, passing through Calaveras Reservoir, and emptying into Alameda Creek east of Fremont, California.

Its main tributary is Arroyo Hondo.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.