hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer
Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer (15 May 1809 – 5 January 1854) was a German philologist and biographer. He is known principally for his 1842 biography of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and his completion (1853) of Theodor Wilhelm Danzel's biography of Lessing, G. E. Lessing, sein Leben und seine Werke (1850–53, 2 volumes).

He was born in Bojanowo (then in Grand Duchy of Warsaw, now in Poland) and died in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland).

He studied philology and philosophy in Breslau and Berlin. Under the influence of the English missionary William Ayerst, Guhrauer converted from Judaism to Christianity in 1835.  He traveled to Hanover in 1836 and Paris in 1838 to research Leibniz's biography and works. After his return to Germany, he worked as a librarian at the University of Breslau, where he became a professor in 1843. Guhrauer also wrote on Jean Bodin, Joachim Jungius, the Kurmainz (Electorate of Mainz), and the Latin poem Vaticinium Lehninense.

Jean Bodin
Jean Bodin (/boʊˈdæn/; French: [ʒɑ̃ bɔdɛ̃]; c. 1530 – 1596) was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. Bodin lived during the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation and wrote against the background of religious conflict in France. He seemed to be a nominal Catholic throughout his life but was critical of papal authority over governments. Known for his theory of sovereignty, he favoured the strong central control of a national monarchy as an antidote to factional strife.

Towards the end of his life he wrote a dialogue among different religions, including representatives of Judaism, Islam and natural theology in which all agreed to coexist in concord, but was not published. He was also an influential writer on demonology, as his later years were spent during the peak of the early modern witch trials.
Cyclone (Marvel Comics)
Cyclone is the name of several  characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

A creature based on Cyclone appears in the 2019 Marvel Cinematic Universe film Spider-Man: Far From Home, where it is depicted as an illusionary creature operated by Mysterio.

Mark Bagley
Mark Bagley (/ˈbæɡli/; born August 7, 1957) is an American comics artist. He has worked for Marvel Comics on such titles as The Amazing Spider-Man, Thunderbolts, The New Warriors, Venom and Ultimate Spider-Man and for DC Comics on Justice League of America, Batman, and Trinity. Bagley co-created Marvel Comics characters Carnage and the Thunderbolts.
A Letter to Three Wives
A Letter to Three Wives is a 1949 American romantic drama film directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and starring Jeanne Crain, Linda Darnell and Ann Sothern. The film was adapted by Vera Caspary and written for the screen by Mankiewicz from A Letter to Five Wives, a short story by John Klempner which first appeared in Cosmopolitan magazine, and was expanded into a 1946 novel.

The film received three nominations at the Academy Awards, including for Best Picture. It won for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay.

Academy Award for Best Picture
The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards (also known as Oscars) presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot. The Best Picture category is traditionally the final award of the night and is widely considered the most prestigious honor of the ceremony.

The Grand Staircase columns at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002, showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award's inception. There have been 621 films nominated for Best Picture and 97 winners.
Nur al-Din Arslan Shah II
Nur al-Din Arslan Shah II (r.1218-1219) was the son and successor of Izz al-Din Mas'ud II, as Zengid dynasty ruler of the Mosul region in modern Iraq. He was under the control of a regent or atabeg, in the person of the mamluk, Badr al-Dīn Lū'lū'.

Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk. It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armeno-Georgian family of Mkhargrdzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as princes of Samtskhe.
DWWR 11
Dublin, Wicklow and Wexford Railway (DW&WR) 11 built in 1896 was the predecessor to a total of twelve 2-4-2T locomotives to emerge from Grand Canal Street railway works between 1896 and 1910.  Eleven of twelve lasted through to the early 1950s, the only loss being due to the Civil war, and despite attempts to replace them remained they remained vital to the running of the South Dublin services suburban services to Bray throughout their lives.

Grand Canal Street railway works
Grand Canal Street railway works, also known as The Factory, served the Dublin and Kingstown Railway (D&KR), its successors the Dublin, Wicklow and Wexford Railway (DW&WR) and the Dublin and South Eastern Railway (DSER).  It was preceded by a small "engine hospital" maintenance depot at Serpentine Avenue.
Turku Hansda Lapsa Hemram Mahavidyalay
Turku Hansda Lapsa Hemram Mahavidyalay, established in 2006, is a government affiliated college located at Mallarpur in the Birbhum district of West Bengal. It is affiliated to University of Burdwan offering undergraduate degrees in Arts, Sciences. Turku Hansda Lapsa Hemram Mahavidyalay was awarded 'B' grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in 2016.

University of Burdwan
The University of Burdwan (also known as Burdwan University or B. U.) is a public state university located in Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. It was established by the West Bengal Government as a teaching and affiliating university on 15 June 1960 with six postgraduate departments and 30 undergraduate colleges spread over three districts that come under the jurisdiction of the university. The university currently offers more than 30 undergraduate and 66 postgraduate courses. It has grown as the second largest state university in West Bengal after University of Calcutta. Over the years, the University has consistently performed in the NIRF ranking by securing rank within top 100 under ‘University’ Category and occupied the rank of 89, 92, 85 and 87 in the years 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 respectively.
Convoy ON 92
Convoy ON 92 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the Second World War. It was the 92nd of the numbered series of ON convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The ships departed from Liverpool on 6 May 1942 and were joined on 7 May by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group A-3.

The convoy was discovered by Wolfpack Hecht on 11 May; seven ships were sunk before the U-boats lost contact with the convoy on 13 May. Surviving ships reached Halifax, Nova Scotia on 21 May.

German submarine U-590
German submarine U-590 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She carried out five patrols, was a member of six wolfpacks, sank one ship of 5,228 GRT and damaged one other of 5,464 GRT.

The boat was sunk by depth charges from a US aircraft on 9 July 1943.
Nehemiah Levanon
Nehemiah Levanon (Hebrew: נחמיה לבנון; March 23, 1915 – September 2, 2003) was an Israeli intelligence agent, diplomat, head of the aliyah program Nativ, and a founder of kibbutz Kfar Blum. Originally a native of Latvia, he immigrated to the Mandatory Palestine in 1938. After Israel's independence in 1948, Levanon served in a variety of roles to encourage the well-being and emigration of Soviet Jewry. Due to the covert nature of his work, Levanon's decades of service were largely unknown until after his retirement, during the last days of the Soviet Union.

American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, also known as Joint or JDC, is a Jewish relief organization based in New York City. The organisation has supported Jewish people living in Israel and throughout the world since 1914, and is active in more than 70 countries.

The JDC offers aid to Jewish populations in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in the Middle East, through a network of social and community assistance programs. In addition, the JDC contributes millions of dollars in disaster relief and development assistance to non-Jewish communities.
2000 Oahu Bowl
The 2000 Jeep Oahu Bowl was a college football bowl game, played as part of the 2000–01 bowl game schedule of the 2000 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the 3rd and final game named Oahu Bowl, and became the Seattle Bowl for the 2001 contest. (It was later shut down after 2 years as the Seattle Bowl.)

The game was played on December 24, 2000, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi.  The game matched the Georgia Bulldogs against the Virginia Cavaliers, and was televised on ESPN. The 24th ranked Georgia Bulldogs won the game, 37–14.

The game marked the final game as head coach for Jim Donnan of Georgia and George Welsh of Virginia, both of whom retired from head coaching after the season.

Seattle Bowl
The Seattle Bowl was a college football bowl game played in 2001 and 2002 between teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Pacific-10 Conference in Seattle. This bowl game was a continuation of the Oahu Bowl which had moved to Seattle. The 2001 game was played at Safeco Field and the 2002 game was played at Seahawks Stadium. The game was discontinued in 2003 when financing could not be secured.
1921 Estonian Football Championship
The 1921 Estonian Football Championship was the first football league season in Estonia. It was played as a knock-out tournament between September 25 and October 13. Four teams took part in the competition – three from Tallinn and one from Narva. All the games were played at Tiigiveski Ground in Tallinn and refereed by Alexander McKibbin.
Top scorer was Heinrich Paal with 3 goals, followed by Vladimir Tell and Oskar Üpraus with two. VS Sport Tallinn won 5–3 against Tallinna Jalgpalli Klubi and thus became the first ever champions of Estonia.

Vladimir Tell
Vladimir Tell (26 July 1899 – 2 March 1925) was an Estonian footballer.

He was born in Tallinn.

He began his football career at the age of 17, when he joined with the sport club Tallinna SS Olümpia. In 1920, he joined with the sport club SK Tallinna Sport. 1921, 1922 and 1924 the club won Estonian championships. He represented 11 times Estonia men's national football team; he scored 5 times.

He died into tuberculosis.
David Heska Wanbli Weiden
David Heska Wanbli Weiden [deɪvɪd hɛskɛn wɒnbliː waɪdɛn] is a Lakota American author of crime and thriller novels and a professor of Native American studies at Metropolitan State University of Denver. His debut novel, Winter Counts, won an Anthony Award, Lefty Award, ITW Thriller Award, Barry Award, Macavity Award, and Spur Award.

Left Coast Crime
Left Coast Crime is an annual conference organised by mystery fiction fans for mystery fiction fans, first held in San Francisco in 1991. It is concerned with western North American region mysteries, but the conference itself travels worldwide, having been held in Canada and the United Kingdom, as well as different parts of the United States. The conference enables fans to mix with authors. A prominent author of western mystery fiction is invited to be guest speaker.

In December 2019 Mystery Writers of America awarded the convention organization the 2020 Raven Award for "outstanding achievement in the mystery field outside the realm of creative writing."
Reformed Churches in Spain
The Reformed Churches in Spain (Spanish: Iglesias Reformadas de España) is a confessional Calvinist denomination in Spain.

The group currently has seven congregations spread across the kingdom: churches in Mataró and Pineda, both near Barcelona; in Madrid; in Almuñécar and Málaga in southern Spain; and in La Laguna, Tenerife and Telde (Gran Canaria) both in the Canary Islands.

The churches adhere to the Three Forms of Unity, and some of them recognise the Westminster Confession of Faith. The Malaga congregation allows paedocommunion, while all of the congregations practice infant baptism.

The denomination maintains good ecclesiastical contact with the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales, the Free Church of Scotland, and the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated). It is also a member of the International Conference of Reformed Churches.

Almuñécar
Almuñécar (Spanish pronunciation: [almuˈɲekaɾ]) is a Spanish city and municipality located in the southwestern part of the comarca of the Costa Granadina, in the province of Granada. It is located on the shores of the Mediterranean sea and borders the Granadin municipalities of Otívar, Jete, Ítrabo and Salobreña, and with the Malagueño municipality of Nerja. The Verde river runs through its territory. The municipality of sexitano includes the population centers of Almuñécar —municipal capital—, La Herradura, Velilla-Taramay, Torrecuevas, Río Seco, El Rescate and El Cerval.

Since 1975, the town has become one of the most important tourist towns in Granada province and on the Costa Granadina; it has good transport connections and a football (soccer) stadium.

Almuñécar's coat of arms, which shows the turbaned heads of three Barbary pirates floating in the sea, was granted to the town by King Carlos I in 1526 for its having destroyed a Berber raiding force.
Sakalibel railway bridge
Sakalibel railway bridge is a railway bridge over the Keruh river, located in Bumiayu, Brebes Regency, Central Java. The bridge was originally named Kali Keruh Bridge, and is the longest railway bridge in Operation Area V Purwokerto. It has the building wisdom number 1153, and is located about one kilometer from the east of Bumiayu on the central line of Java. With a length of about 298m and a backdrop of mountainous scenery, Sakalimolas is popular as a photo spot, especially for train lovers (railfan).

Railfan
A railfan, train fan, rail buff or train buff (American English), railway enthusiast, railway buff, anorak (British English), gunzel (Australian English), trainspotter (British English) or ferroequinologist is a person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems.

Railfans often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites dedicated to railfanning and railway enthusiasts, including Trains, Railfan & Railroad, The Railway Magazine, Locomotive Magazine and Railway Gazette International.
Jagatpur Kotaha
Jagatpur Kotaha is a village in Dalmau block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The nearest large town is Lalganj, which is 11 km away. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,014 people, in 189 households. It has one middle school and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Jagatpur Kotaha (as "Jagatpur Kotha") as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 421 people (202 male and 219 female), in 77 households and 69 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 211 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Jagatpur Kotaha as having a population of 570 people, in 102 households, and having an area of 82.15 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

Raebareli district
Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

As of 2011, its population is 3,405,559, which makes it the 27th largest in the state. It is a predominantly rural district, with 91% of the population living in rural areas.
James Tinker
James Tinker (April 11, 1817 – February 20, 1886) was an American farmer from Rochester, Wisconsin who served a single one-year term as a Free Soil Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, in 1851, from Racine County as well as holding a variety of local offices.

Rochester, Wisconsin
Rochester is a village in Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,785 at the 2020 census. The village is located within the former Town of Rochester. On November 4, 2008, the village of Rochester voted to consolidate with the Town of Rochester.
Marchovelette
Marchovelette (Walloon: Måtchovlete) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Fernelmont, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

It was formerly a municipality itself until the fusion of Belgian municipalities in 1977.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Mary Osborn Douthit
Mary Osborn Douthit (1850–1908) was an early white settler of the Oregon country, a teacher, a prominent advocate of woman suffrage, and editor of the book The Souvenir of Western Women, published to coincide with the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in Portland, Oregon in 1905. She immigrated to Oregon in 1853 at the age of three. Her parents were James Harrison and Lueza Osborn Douthit. She was killed when struck by a streetcar in downtown Portland in 1908; she had been living in Portland for 15 years. According to fellow suffragist Abigail Scott Duniway, Douthit's untimely death cut short a literary career on the cusp of success. Her book had brief, positive mentions in the Oregon Historical Quarterly and in the Pacific Monthly.

Abigail Scott Duniway
Abigail Jane Scott Duniway (October 22, 1834 – October 11, 1915) was an American women's rights advocate, newspaper editor and writer, whose efforts were instrumental in gaining voting rights for women in the United States.
2024–25 Liga 4 West Sumatra
The 2024–25 Liga 4 West Sumatra was the inaugural season of Liga 4 West Sumatra after the change in the structure of Indonesian football competition and serves as a qualifying round for the national phase of the 2024–25 Liga 4. The competition is organised by the West Sumatra Provincial PSSI Association.

Indonesian football league system
The Indonesian football league system is a series of league system for association football clubs in Indonesia. Since 1994, Liga Indonesia is the league competition featuring association football clubs, as a result of two existing top-flight football leagues merger: Perserikatan (amateur) and Galatama (semi professional). Liga Indonesia is managed by PSSI, the Indonesian national football federation, and operated by I-League and its previous iterations (Badan Liga Indonesia (BLI) from 1994–2008, PT Liga Indonesia (PT. LI) from 2008–2015, PT Liga Prima Indonesia Sportindo (PT. LPIS) from 2011–2013 (Dualism Competition Operator), PT Gelora Trisula Semesta (PT. GTS) from 2016 (Unofficial Competition Operator) and PT Liga Indonesia Baru (PT. LIB) from 2017–2025).

There are four levels of competition in the hierarchy recently. The top two tiers are professional competitions, the third tier is semi-professional, and the fourth tier is amateur.
Museum of Ceuta
The Museum of Ceuta (Spanish: Museo de Ceuta) also known as Museum of the Ravelin (Spanish: Museo del Revellín), is a museum located in Ceuta, Spain. It is based in the former Pabellón Militar del Cuartel del Revellín (Military Pavilion of the Ravelin Barracks), and has a collection of archaeological pieces from the region of the Strait of Gibraltar from the Ancient Age to the Early Modern Age, although it currently holds only temporary exhibitions, while the museum of the Late Roman Basilica of Ceuta acts as a permanent exhibition from Prehistory to the Middle Ages.

Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar, also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet; 160 and 490 fathoms).

The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit.
Capitán Carmelo Peralta
Capitán Carmelo Peralta, commonly known as Carmelo Peralta, is a Paraguayan city and district situated on the banks of the Paraguay River, on the border with Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, approximately 716 km from Asunción, in the department of Alto Paraguay, Paraguay.

It is known as "The Gateway to the Pantanal" or "The Pantanal City," as from here, visitors can access the Pantanal, which is the largest wetland in the world, shared between Paraguay, Brazil, and Bolivia.

In this locality, the PY15 "Bioceanic" route begins, crossing the Paraguayan Chaco from east to west, ending at the town of Pozo Hondo, on the border with Argentina.

Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Río Paraguay in Spanish) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil and Paraguay and forming parts of the Paraguay-Argentina, Brazil-Bolivia, and Brazil-Paraguay borders. It flows about 2,621 kilometres (1,629 mi) from its headwaters in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to its confluence with the Paraná River north of Corrientes and Resistencia.
Last of the Great Mississippi Delta Bluesmen: Live in Dallas
Last of the Great Mississippi Delta Bluesmen: Live in Dallas is a live blues album, recorded in Dallas, Texas, in October 2004 by Henry James Townsend, Joe Willie "Pinetop" Perkins, Robert Lockwood Jr. and David "Honeyboy" Edwards. At the event, the four blues legends were from 89 to 94 years old and represented the last performers of Delta blues from the 1920s. The concert was arranged by the 501(c)(3) non-profit The Blue Shoes Project, which aims to preserve and spread awareness of roots music amongst students.

Two years after the concert, both Lockwood and Townsend were dead, and by early 2011, only Edwards was still alive. He died later that year.

Delta blues
Delta blues is one of the earliest-known styles of blues. It originated in the Mississippi Delta and is regarded as a regional variant of country blues. Guitar and harmonica are its dominant instruments; slide guitar is a hallmark of the style. Vocal styles in Delta blues range from introspective and soulful to passionate and fiery.
Gabriel Nassif
Gabriel Nassif (born 8 November 1983) is a French professional card player. He is known for his continuous success on the Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour and was the 2004 Pro Tour Player of the Year. He also enjoys playing poker, having moderate success at the World Series of Poker in recent years. In 2010, Nassif was inducted into the Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame.

Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame
The Magic:  The Gathering Pro Tour Hall of Fame was started in 2005 to honor the most successful Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour players. The first inductions came on the tenth anniversary of the first Pro Tour event, and new Hall of Famers will be determined annually. Players who are eligible for the ballot (as below) can be voted in the Hall of Fame if they get more than 60% of the election committee's votes. As of 2018, there are 48 players from 12 countries in the Hall of Fame.