hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ascher Wagner
Ascher Otto Wagner (12 October 1930, in Vienna – 27 May 2000, in London) was an Austrian and British mathematician, specializing in the theory of finite groups and finite projective planes. He is known for the Dembowski–Wagner theorem.

Ascher Wagner received his Ph.D. in 1958 with the dissertation Some Problems on Projective Planes and Related Topics in the Theory of Algebraic Operations supervised by Kurt Hirsch. Wagner was a faculty member at the University of London and then at the University of Birmingham.

In 1958 he married Gillian Mary Jaidka (1929–1993) in Hampstead, London.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Birkir
Birkir [ˈpɪr̥cɪr̥] is an Icelandic male given name. Notable people with this name include:

Birkir Bjarnason (born 1988), Icelandic football player

Birkir Hólm Guðnason (born 1974)

Birkir Jón Jónsson (born 1979), Icelandic politician

Birkir Kristinsson (born 1964), Icelandic football player

Birkir Már Sævarsson (born 1984), Icelandic football player

Birkir Valur Jónsson (born 1998), Icelandic football player

Birkir Ívar Guðmundsson, Icelandic handball player

Birkir Ívar Guðmundsson
Birkir Ívar Guðmundsson was a goalkeeper for the Iceland men's national handball team. He is married to Kristín Ólafsdóttir and has two daughters with her. He ended his playing career for Haukar in Iceland.
He won the Icelandic championship in 2002, 2003 and 2005.
Jaime Frontera
Jaime Frontera (born 30 November 1940 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican former basketball player who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics and in the 1968 Summer Olympics.  He was the flag bearer for Puerto Rico in the 1968 Summer Olympics.  He was one of the torch lighters of the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games.  He is a member of Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity.

Phi Sigma Alpha
Phi Sigma Alpha (ΦΣΑ), commonly known as La Sigma, is a Puerto Rican fraternity originally established as the Sigma Delta Alpha Fraternity (Sociedad de Amigos) on October 22, 1928, at the University of Puerto Rico by twelve students and a professor. Phi Sigma Alpha can trace its roots back to 1898 to the Union Hispano Americana, as well as to the first ever Greek letter Hispanic-oriented fraternity, Sigma Iota, established in 1912. By 1998 there were over 4,376 members.
Herman Graesser
Herman Graesser (aka Herman Graeser) was a U.S. soccer player who earned one cap with the U.S. national team in a 4–0 loss to Scotland on June 19, 1949.  He played his club soccer in the German American Soccer League.  In 1950, he was with New York.

Cosmopolitan Soccer League
The  Cosmopolitan Soccer League is a regional soccer league consisting of semi-pro and amateur teams based in and around New York City.  Established in 1923, it is one of the oldest soccer leagues in the United States and has contributed greatly to the nation's soccer history.

Currently, the league has four open divisions. The first two divisions require all clubs to also field reserve teams, a requirement that some leagues have abolished, but which the Cosmopolitan Soccer League believes makes its competition some of the strongest in United States soccer. The league also has an over-30 and an over-40 division. The league is USASA-affiliated.

The Cosmopolitan Soccer League plays a traditional international schedule with competition beginning the second weekend of September and running through June, with a winter break from late December to early March. During the winter months, the league runs optional league cups.
Beyond the Ocean
Beyond the Ocean (French release titles: Les Oiseaux du ciel and Après l'océan) is a 2006 film directed by Éliane de Latour. Latour also co-wrote the screenplay with GauZ'. The film showed in the Panorama section of the 56th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2006. It also showed at the 2006 Edinburgh International Film Festival.

56th Berlin International Film Festival
The 56th Berlin International Film Festival was held from 9 to 19 February 2006. The festival opened with Snow Cake by Marc Evans. Digitally restored version of Sam Peckinpah's 1973 film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid served as the closing film. British actress Charlotte Rampling was selected as the head of the jury.

The Golden Bear was awarded to Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams directed by Jasmila Žbanić.

The retrospective was dedicated to the film actresses of 1950s, titled Dream Girls. Film Stars in the 1950s was shown at the festival. More than 186,000 tickets were sold at the festival with visitors from 120 countries, including 3,800 journalists, attended the festival.
Vittorio Mibelli
Vittorio Mibelli (18 February 1860 – 26 April 1910) was an Italian dermatologist born in Portoferraio, Elba.

He studied in Siena and Florence, afterwards working in Siena as a prosector at the anatomical institute and later as an assistant at the dermatology clinic. In 1888 he gained his habilitation, spending the following year in Hamburg, working with dermatologist Paul Gerson Unna (1850–1929). In 1890 he became an associate professor and director of dermatology clinic at the University of Cagliari. Two years later, he relocated to Parma, where he held the title of full professor from 1900 until his death in 1910.

Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who has undergone advanced training (typically 4 years beyond medical school) and manages diseases related to skin. Dermatological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, infections, cancers, hair loss, and cosmetic issues are common in the population, and sometimes difficult to diagnose or treat, requiring the services of a dermatologist. In addition to these routine issues, some conditions such as serious burns, angiodema, necrotizing fasciitis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. Dermatological interventions include systemic and topical medications, surgery, radiation, and physical modalities such as cryosurgery or laser therapy.
Dial Drunk
"Dial Drunk" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Noah Kahan from the We'll All Be Here Forever edition of his third studio album, Stick Season (2022). It was released through Mercury Records and Republic Records as the third single from the album on July 17, 2023, after a duet version with American musician Post Malone was released the same day. Kahan, Malone, and Noah Levine wrote the song and it was produced by Kahan and Gabe Simon. Musically, "Dial Drunk" combines elements of folk, alternative, and pop.

Kopecky (band)
Kopecky (formerly the Kopecky Family Band) is an American indie-rock band formed in Nashville, Tennessee, in 2007. The band consists of Kelsey Kopecky (vocals, keyboards, and bass), Gabe Simon (vocals, guitar, and horns), Steven Holmes (guitar, lap steel guitar), David Krohn (drums), Markus Midkiff (cello, guitar, and keyboards), and Corey Oxendine (bass, guitar, and horns). Their debut album, Kids Raising Kids, was released in October 2012 and then rereleased by ATO Records in April 2013.

The group's second album, Drug for the Modern Age, was released on May 19, 2015, via ATO Records.

In July 2016, Kelsey Kopecky announced the band is on a break.
Martenahuis
The Martenahuis or Martenastins (West Frisian: Martenahûs) is a stins (estate) in the centre of the Dutch city of Franeker, Friesland. The building is located on the Voorstraat. The Martenahuis dates from 1502 when it was built by order of the chieftain Hessel van Martena. Since 2006, Museum Martena has been housed in the building.

West Frisian language
West Frisian (Westerlauwersk Frysk; Dutch: Westerlauwers Fries), or simply Frisian (Frysk [frisk]; Dutch: Fries [fris]), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the Frisian languages.

In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family.
Richard Bolitho, Midshipman
Richard Bolitho, Midshipman is a novel in the Bolitho series of nautical fiction set in the late-18th-century Royal Navy, written by Douglas Reeman under the pseudonym Alexander Kent. The book was published in 1975. It was the eighth novel in the series, though it is set earlier than the others, at the start of the career of Richard Bolitho.

Douglas Reeman
Douglas Edward Reeman (15 October 1924 – 23 January 2017), who also used the pseudonym Alexander Kent, was a British author who wrote many historical novels about the Royal Navy, mainly set during either World War II or the Napoleonic Wars. He wrote a total of 68 novels, selling 34 million copies in twenty languages.
Herman Wrangel (1859–1938)
Lieutenant General Herman Georg Waldemar Wrangel (30 March 1859 – 13 January 1938) was a senior officer in the Swedish Coastal Artillery. He served as commanding officer of the Swedish Coastal Artillery for 15 years (1909–1924). Wrangel served as secretary, member and chairman of a number of committees and commissions. Wrangel was also a member of the Upper House of the Riksdag and a member of the Committee on Defence as well as of the Committee of Supply.

Ministry for Naval Affairs (Sweden)
Ministry for Naval Affairs (Swedish: Sjöförsvarsdepartementet), established in 1840, was at the time one of the eight ministries, in which the Swedish government administration was divided into. The Ministry for Naval Affairs was established in connection with the ministry reform in 1840. Land defence and naval defence affairs, which had previously been dealt with in the War Office (Krigsexpeditionen), was now divided into two different ministries. The two ministries was in 1920 merge into the newly established Ministry of Defence.
Goodenia rupestris
Goodenia rupestris, commonly known as rock hand-flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to the Northern Territory section of the Petermann Ranges. It is an ascending or pendulous perennial herb with crowded elliptic to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and racemes of yellow flowers.

Goodeniaceae
Goodeniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asterales. It contains about 404 species in twelve genera. The family is distributed mostly in Australia, except for the genus Scaevola, which is pantropical. Its species are found across most of Australia, being especially common in arid and semi-arid climates.
Chicken manure
Chicken manure is the feces of chickens used as an organic fertilizer, especially for soil low in nitrogen. Of all animal manures, it has the highest amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Chicken manure is sometimes pelletized for use as a fertilizer, and this product may have additional phosphorus, potassium or nitrogen added. Optimal storage conditions for chicken manure include keeping it in a covered area and retaining its liquid, because a significant amount of nitrogen exists in the urine.

Fresh chicken manure contains 0.5% to 0.9% nitrogen, 0.4% to 0.5% phosphorus, and 1.2% to 1.7% potassium. One chicken produces approximately 8 to 11 pounds (3.6 to 5.0 kg) of manure monthly. Chicken manure can be used to create homemade plant fertilizer.

Pelletizing
Pelletizing is the process of compressing or molding a material into the shape of a pellet. A wide range of different materials are pelletized including chemicals, iron ore, animal compound feed, plastics (nurdles), waste materials, and more. The process is considered an excellent option for the storage and transport of said materials. The technology is widely used in the powder metallurgy engineering and medicine industries.
Kilmanahan
Kilmanahan (Irish: Cill Mhainchín) is a townland in the historical barony of Glenahiry in County Waterford, Ireland. The townland, which has an area of approximately 2.75 square kilometres (1.06 sq mi), had a population of 40 people as of the 2011 census.

A church, traditionally associated with Saint Mainchin and which gives the area its name, was formerly located in the townland. The nearby Kilmanahan Castle, a Georgian manor house incorporating the structure of an earlier tower house, is sometimes associated with the Greene family.

County Waterford
County Waterford (Irish: Contae Phort Láirge) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Waterford. Waterford City and County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county at large, including the city, was 127,363 according to the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of the Déise. There is an Irish-speaking area, Gaeltacht na nDéise, in the southwest of the county.
Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)
The Fourth Council of Constantinople was held in 879–880. It confirmed the reinstatement of Photius I as patriarch of Constantinople.

The result of this council is accepted by the Eastern Orthodox as having the authority of an ecumenical council. In Eastern Orthodoxy, it is sometimes called the eighth ecumenical council.

Ignatios of Constantinople
Ignatius of Constantinople (Greek: Ἰγνάτιος; 798 – 23 October 877) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 847 to 858 and from 867 to 877. Ignatius lived during a complex time for the Byzantine Empire. The Iconoclast Controversy was ongoing, Boris I of Bulgaria converted to Christianity in 864, and the Roman pontiffs repeatedly challenged the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Eastern Church in Bulgaria. As patriarch, Ignatius denounced iconoclasm, secured jurisdiction over Bulgaria for the Eastern Church, and played an important role in conflicts over papal supremacy.
Bayanhot
Bayanhot is a town in Alxa Left Banner. It is the largest town of Alxa League. Its name originates from Mongolian meaning 'rich town'. It was formerly known as Dingyuanying (定远营镇) or Wang Ye Fu. In 2010 the population was 94,445.

The town is bordered by the Helan Mountains in the east and by the Tengger Desert in the west.

The town was established in 1730 as Dingyuanying and renamed to Bayanhot in 1952. It has historically been supplied from nearby Yinchuan, and still retains good transport links with the capital of Ningxia.

The Alxa Baraghun Hiid, a large Mongol Buddhist monastery was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution but rebuilt in 2001. The Yanfu Buddhist temple has survived as one of the old Mongol town landmarks.

Tengger Desert
The Tengger Desert or Tengri Desert (Mongolian: Тэнгэр элс, Chinese: 腾格里沙漠; pinyin: Ténggélǐ Shāmò; lit. 'Sky Desert') is an arid natural region that covers about 36,700 km2 and is mostly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China.

The desert is expanding in size.
Zignoichthys
Zignoichthys oblongus is an extinct prehistoric relative of the pufferfish and porcupine fish that lived during the Lutetian epoch of the Eocene.  Z. oblongus fossils are found from the Monte Bolca lagerstätte of what is now Italy.

It lacked a pelvis, and probably could not inflate its body like its modern-day relatives.  In life, it would have resembled a paunchy triggerfish or a pufferfish with an elongated, downturned face.

Lutetian
The Lutetian is, in the geologic timescale, a stage or age in the Eocene. It spans the time between 48.07 and 41.03 Ma. The Lutetian is preceded by the Ypresian and is followed by the Bartonian. Together with the Bartonian it is sometimes referred to as the Middle Eocene Subepoch.
Shawn Price
Shawn Price (born March 28, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Carolina Panthers, Buffalo Bills, and San Diego Chargers. He played college football for the Pacific Tigers, as well as at Sierra College, which is located in Rocklin, California. He was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the 31st round with the 62nd pick in the 1995 NFL expansion draft.

Rocklin, California
Rocklin is a city in Placer County, California, United States, about 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Sacramento and about 6.1 miles (9.8 km) northeast of Roseville in the Sacramento metropolitan area. Besides Roseville, it borders Granite Bay, Loomis, and Lincoln. As of the 2020 census, Rocklin's population was 71,601.
Dwarf wrasse
The dwarf wrasse, Doratonotus megalepis, is a species of wrasse native to tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida, United States, to Brazil and in the eastern Atlantic from around Ile Las Rolas, São Tomé, and the Cape Verde Islands.  It is found in beds of turtle grass at depths of 1 to 15 m (3.3 to 49.2 ft), where its green coloration allows it to blend in with its surroundings.  This species grows to a  total length of 9.4 cm (3.7 in).  It can be found in the aquarium trade.  This species is the only known member of its genus.

São Tomé
São Tomé is the capital and largest city of the Central African island country of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas". Founded in the 15th century, it is one of Africa's oldest colonial cities.
Genoa low
A Genoa low (also known as Genoa cyclogenesis, Ligurian depression, or V(5)-track cyclone) is a cyclone that forms or intensifies from a pre-existing cyclone to the south of the Alps over the Gulf of Genoa, Ligurian Sea, Po Valley and northern Adriatic.  Vb cyclones are rare events which occur on average only 2.3 times per year.

Gulf of Genoa
The Gulf of Genoa (Golfo di Genova) is the northernmost part of the Ligurian Sea. This Italian gulf is about 145 km (90 mi) wide  from the city of Imperia in the west to La Spezia in the east. The largest city on its coast is Genoa, which has an important port.
Mount Read Volcanics
The Mount Read Volcanics is a Cambrian volcanic belt in Western Tasmania.

It is a complex belt due to folding, faulting and a range of tectonic events.

Between 1986 and 1993 a project to research and map the belt was conducted.

Geological Society of Australia
The Geological Society of Australia (GSA) was established as a non-profit organisation in 1952 to promote, advance and support earth sciences in Australia. The founding chairperson was Edwin Sherbon Hills.

William Rowan Browne was a founder of the society and was president 1955–56.
SystemTap
In computing, SystemTap (stap) is a scripting language and tool for dynamically instrumenting running production Linux-based operating systems. System administrators can use SystemTap to extract, filter and summarize data in order to enable diagnosis of complex performance or functional problems.

SystemTap consists of free and open-source software and includes contributions from Red Hat, IBM, Intel, Hitachi, Oracle, the University of Wisconsin-Madison and other community members.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Lake Erie Storm
The Lake Erie Storm are the athletic teams that represent Lake Erie College, located in Painesville, Ohio, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Great Midwest Athletic Conference (G-MAC) since the 2017–18 academic year. The Storm previously competed as a member of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) from 2010–11 to 2016–17; as well as an NCAA D-II Independent from 2008–09 to 2009–10. Prior joining to NCAA Division II, the Storm competed as a member of the Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference (AMCC) of the NCAA Division III ranks from 1997–98 to 2007–08 (when it completed the process of moving to Division II at the conclusion of the 2008–09 academic year).

Great Midwest Athletic Conference
The Great Midwest Athletic Conference (G-MAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level. It was named the 24th (at the time) NCAA Division II conference and operates in the Great Lakes and East South Central States regions of the United States. The G-MAC began conference play in the 2012–13 academic year hosting 12 championships and continued to work through the educational assessment program. The conference received approval and became an active Division II conference in 2013–14, hosting 17 championships.
Australian Aboriginal Astronomy Project
The Australian Aboriginal Astronomy Project is a collaboration of academics, educators, and Indigenous elders researching the astronomical traditions and knowledge of Indigenous Australians, commonly termed Australian Aboriginal astronomy.  This research in cultural astronomy covers the disciplines of archaeoastronomy, ethnoastronomy, historical astronomy, geomythology, and Indigenous knowledge. Their work encompasses the cultural significance of astronomy within indigenous communities, while simultaneously maintaining the continuation of indigenous knowledge that astronomy encompasses.

In 2021, asteroid 10040 Ghillar was named in honour of Ghillar Michael Anderson, an elder of the Euahlayi people, who has collaborated with academic astronomers Robert Fuller and Duane Hamacher in sharing and documenting traditional star knowledge of the Kamilaroi and Euahlayi people.

Gamilaraay
The Gamilaroi, also known as Gomeroi, Kamilaroi, Kamillaroi, Gomilaroy and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose lands extend from New South Wales to southern Queensland. They form one of the four largest Indigenous nations in Australia.
Alistair Duffy
Alistair Duffy is an electrical engineer at De Montfort University in Leicester, England. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for his development of validation methods in computational electromagnetics.

Data validation
In computing, data validation or input validation is the process of ensuring data has undergone data cleansing to confirm it has data quality, that is, that it is both correct and useful. It uses routines, often called "validation rules", "validation constraints", or "check routines", that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system. The rules may be implemented through the automated facilities of a data dictionary, or by the inclusion of explicit application program validation logic of the computer and its application.

This is distinct from formal verification, which attempts to prove or disprove the correctness of algorithms for implementing a specification or property.