hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muthu Swamy
Muthu Swamy is a Fiji Indian politician who won the Labasa Indian Communal Constituency, one of the 19 seats reserved for Fiji citizens of Indian origin, for the Fiji Labour Party during the 1999 elections for the House of Representatives.

On 19 May 2000, he was among the 43 members of the People's Coalition Government, led by Mahendra Chaudhry, taken hostage by George Speight and his band of rebel Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit. He was released on 13 July 2000 after 56 days of captivity.

He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in a by-election in 1998. He also played a key role in the National Farmers Union victories in the 1998 and 2001 Sugar Cane Growers Council elections.

He died on 13 May 2001 in Ba after attending the Fiji Labour Party National Council meeting.

Ba (town)
Ba (Fijian pronunciation: [mba] ⓘ) is a town in Fiji, 37 kilometres from Lautoka and 62 kilometres from Nadi, inland from the coast of Viti Levu, Fiji's largest island. Covering an area of 327 square kilometres, it had a population of 14,596 at the 1996 census.  The town is built on the banks of the Ba River, after which it is named. For a long time, Ba was famous for its soccer team which caused major traffic problems. The old bridge was washed away in the floods of 1990s and a new bridge built downstream. This resulted in the main highway (King's Road) bypassing Ba. Jiaxing City in China is Ba’s sister city.
Lucy van Dael
Lucy van Dael (born in 1946) is a Dutch baroque violinist and member of the faculty of the Amsterdam Conservatory. Her principal violin studies were at the Royal Conservatory in The Hague.

Originally a classically trained violinist, she began her career with the Netherlands Chamber Orchestra before pursuing baroque violin studies.

She has collaborated extensively with Gustav Leonhardt, Frans Brüggen, and Ton Koopman, co-founded the Orchestra of the 18th Century with Frans Brüggen, and has conducted or performed with many other baroque ensembles, including:

European Union Baroque Orchestra

Concerto d'Amsterdam

Irish Baroque Orchestra

Beethoven Akademie

Academia Montis Regalis

Leonhardt Consort

La Petite Bande

Academia Montis Regalis
The Fondazione Academia Montis Regalis is an Italian cultural foundation promoting baroque and classical orchestral training based in the town of Mondovì since 1992. In 1994 it was recognised as a non-profit organisation Organizzazione non lucrative di utilità sociale (Onlus) by the Piedmont Region.

The orchestra has been directed by conductors including Luigi Mangiocavallo Alessandro De Marchi and Enrico Onofri.
Rote learning
Rote learning is a memorization technique based on repetition. The method rests on the premise that the  recall of repeated material becomes faster the more one repeats it. Some of the alternatives to rote learning include meaningful learning, associative learning, spaced repetition and active learning.

Repetition (rhetorical device)
Repetition is the simple repeating of a word, within a short space of words (including in a poem), with no particular placement of the words to secure emphasis, within a short space of words. It is a multilinguistic written or spoken device, frequently used in English and several other languages, such as Hindi and Chinese, and so rarely termed a figure of speech, making it a multilinguistic written or spoken device. Repetition in some cases is seen as undesirable.

Its forms, many of which are listed below, have varying resonances to listing (forms of enumeration, such as "Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, Firstly and lastly..."), as a matter of trite logic often similar in effect.

Today, as never before, the fates of men are so intimately linked  to one another that a disaster for one is a disaster for everybody.— A verse from The Little Virtues, 1962 by Natalia Ginzburg, with repetition of disaster
Hillel Zaks
Hillel Zaks (Hebrew: הלל זקס; February 2, 1931 – January 13, 2015) was the founder and rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Knesses Hagedolah in Kiryat Sefer.

He was the son of Mendel and Faiga Chaya Zaks, the youngest daughter of Israel Meir Kagan.

He served as one of Hebron Yeshiva's senior roshei yeshiva until he founded Yeshivas Knesses Hagedolah in Kiryat Sefer.

Hebron Yeshiva
Hebron Yeshiva, also known as Yeshivas Hevron, or Knesses Yisroel, is a yeshiva (school for Talmudic study). It originated in 1924 when the roshei yeshiva (deans) and 150 students of the Slabodka Yeshiva, known colloquially as the "mother of yeshivas", relocated to Hebron.
Domnina of Anazarbus
Saint Domnina (Greek: Δομνίνα) is venerated as a Christian martyr by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.  According to tradition, she was a native of Cilicia who was imprisoned at Anazarbus and repeatedly beaten on the order of the Roman prefect Lysias (or Licius).  She was then burned with fire.  She died in prison.

According to one source, “The Roman Martyrologist must have used a corrupt manuscript in which Lycia was substituted for Lysias, as he places St. Domnina’s martyrdom in the Province of that name.”

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Patricia Brennan (musician)
Patricia Brennan (born 1984 or 1985) is a Mexican-born American jazz composer, vibraphonist and marimbist. She is in the faculty of Jazz Arts program at Manhattan School of Music, the New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music and at the Jazz Studies program at NYU Steinhardt.

Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development
The New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development (branded as NYU Steinhardt) is the school of education at New York University. The school was founded as the School of Pedagogy in 1890. It was known as the NYU School of Education before 2001.

Located on NYU's founding campus in Greenwich Village, the Steinhardt School offers bachelor's, master's, advanced certificate, and doctoral programs in the fields of applied psychology, art, education, health, media, and music. NYU Steinhardt also offers several degree programs at NYU's Brooklyn campus.
Castropol
Castropol is a municipality in Asturias, Spain. It is also the name of a parish within the municipality and a town within the parish.

The municipality of Castropol has a population of 3696 (INE, 2014). It is bounded on the north by the Cantabrian Sea and on the west by a coastal inlet, or ria, which separates it from the municipality of Ribadeo in Galicia, called the river Eo. To the west it is bordered by Tapia de Casariego, by El Franco, Boal and other Asturian municipalities, and to the south by Vegadeo and Villanueva de Oscos.

Castropol is one of the municipalities in which Eonaviego, a Galician-Asturian dialect, is spoken.

Some examples of notable architecture include the 'Capilla del Campo' (15th century), the 'Palacio de Valledor' and 'Palacio de Marqueses de Santa Cruz de Marcenado' (16th-18th centuries, the 'Casa de las Cuatro Torres' (18th century), and the 'Parque de Vicente Loriente' and 'Casino/Casa de Cultura' (early 20th century).

Ria
A ria (/ˈriːə/; Galician: ría, feminine noun derived from río, 'river') is a coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley. It is a drowned river valley that remains open to the sea.
Mohamad Abdul Hamid
Mohamad bin Abdul Hamid is a Malaysian politician and academic who has served as the Deputy Chief Minister of Penang I and Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under Chief Minister Chow Kon Yeow as well as Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Batu Maung since August 2023. He is a member and State Chairman of Penang of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH coalition. He has also served as Rector of the Penang International Islamic College of Technology since January 2020.

Penang State Executive Council
The Penang State Executive Council is the executive branch of the Penang state government. It is headed by the chief minister, who is appointed by the governor, Penang's head of state. The council also comprises between four and ten other members of the Penang State Legislative Assembly, along with ex officio civil servants – namely the state secretary, the state legal adviser and the state financial officer.

While smaller in size, the Penang State Executive Council is similar in structure and function to the Malaysian federal cabinet. Federal and state responsibilities vary, resulting in portfolios that vary between the two levels of government. The Executive Council is collectively accountable to the Penang State Legislative Assembly.
Mount Pinukis
Mount Pinukis is an inactive volcano in Brgy. Lison Valley, Pagadian, Philippines. It is the highest peak of Zamboanga del Sur and the entire Zamboanga Peninsula.

It covers more than 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres), has up to 2015 retained a relatively intact forest cover and is therefore included in the Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs).

Pinukis, the sacred mountain of the Subanen tribe, and a main source for the water system of the three provinces of the Zamboanga peninsula, is under threat from multinational mining companies who wish to engage in open-cast mining.

Zamboanga del Sur
Zamboanga del Sur (Cebuano: Habagatang Zamboanga; Subanen: S'helatan Sembwangan/Sembwangan dapit Shelatan; Maguindanaon: Salatan Sambuangan, Jawi: سلاتن سامبواڠن; Filipino: Katimugang Zamboanga), officially the Province of Zamboanga del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Pagadian.

Statistically grouped with Zamboanga del Sur is the highly urbanized City of Zamboanga, which is geographically separated and a chartered city and governed independently from the province and also its largest city.

The province borders Zamboanga del Norte to the north, Zamboanga Sibugay to the west, Misamis Occidental to the northeast, and Lanao del Norte to the east. To the south is the Moro Gulf.
That's the Thing About Love
"That's the Thing About Love" is a song written by Richard Leigh and Gary Nicholson, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams.  It was released in March 1984 as the first single from the album Cafe Carolina.  The song was Williams' sixteenth number one on the country chart.  The single stayed at number one for a week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the chart.

Richard Leigh (songwriter)
Richard Leigh (born May 26, 1951 in Washington, D.C.) is an American country music songwriter and singer. He is best known for penning "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue", sung by Crystal Gayle. In 1978, he received a Grammy Award for "Best Country Song" for the popular song. It was nominated in both pop and country categories, and reached number one on both charts.
Russian destroyer Vnushitelny (1906)
Vnushitelny (Russian: Внушительный) was a Inzhener-mekhanik Zverev-class destroyer built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the German Empire during the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1906, she served in the Baltic Fleet and participated in the First World War.

Baltic Fleet
The Baltic Fleet (Russian: Балтийский флот, romanized: Baltiyskiy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.

Established 18 May 1703, under Tsar Peter the Great as part of the Imperial Russian Navy, the Baltic Fleet is the oldest Russian fleet. In 1918, the fleet was inherited by the Russian SFSR which then founded the Soviet Union in 1922, where it was eventually known as the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet as part of the Soviet Navy, as during this period it gained the two awards of the Order of the Red Banner. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Baltic Fleet was inherited by the Russian Federation and reverted to its original name as part of the Russian Navy.

The Baltic Fleet is headquartered in Kaliningrad and its main base is in Baltiysk (Pillau), both in Kaliningrad Oblast, while another base is in Kronstadt, Saint Petersburg, in the Gulf of Finland.
2025 Nippon Professional Baseball season
The 2025 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the 76th season of professional baseball in Japan since Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) was reorganized in 1950. There were 12 NPB teams, split evenly between the Central League and Pacific League. The Yokohama DeNA BayStars entered the season as the defending champions.

The 12 clubs of NPB drew a total of over 27 million attendees or an average of 31,515 per game, setting a second consecutive year of new records for Japanese baseball attendance.

1950 Nippon Professional Baseball season
The 1950 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the first season for baseball in Japan that used the new two league format since the split the previous year. The two leagues would be known as the Central League and the Pacific League.
The Blue Knight (film)
The Blue Knight  is a  1973 television and theatrical film adapted from Joseph Wambaugh's 1973 novel The Blue Knight. It inspired the 1975 TV series also titled The Blue Knight. The miniseries was broadcast on NBC TV in November 1973, consisted of four one-hour episodes (including commercials), was directed by Robert Butler, and featured an all star cast headed by William Holden as Police Officer Bumper Morgan. The additional cast includes Lee Remick, Eileen Brennan, Sam Elliott, Joe Santos, and Vic Tayback. It was later released as a film in condensed form.

Robert Butler (director)
Robert Stanton Butler (November 16, 1927 – November 3, 2023) was an American film and Emmy Award-winning television director. He is best known for his work in television, where he directed the pilots for a number of series including Star Trek, Hogan's Heroes,  Batman, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman  and Hill Street Blues.
Drøbak Sound
The Drøbak Sound (Norwegian: Drøbaksundet) is a sound at the Oslofjord narrows between Drøbak and Hurum. "Outer Oslofjord" is a term for the fjord south of the Drøbak Sound until it meets the Skagerrak.  "Inner Oslofjord" is a term for the rest of the fjord, starting at the Drøbak Sound and extending northwards towards Oslo, where the fjord turns southwards and continues as the Bunne Fjord.

The Drøbak Sound was historically guarded by the Oscarsborg Fortress. During the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, the German cruiser Blücher was sunk by the fortress. Oscarsborg Fortress has been converted into a museum and hotel, and there is a ferry to the fortress from Drøbak.

The subsea Oslofjord Tunnel at the Norwegian National Road 23 runs underneath the sound and connects the east and west sides of the fjord.

Sound (geography)
In geography, a sound is a smaller body of water usually connected to a sea or an ocean. A sound may be an inlet that is deeper than a bight and wider than a fjord; or  a narrow sea channel or an ocean channel between two land masses, such as a strait; or also a lagoon between a barrier island and the mainland.
Lanfranco Rasponi
Lanfranco Rasponi (11 December 1914 – 9 April 1983) was an Italian author, critic, and publicist. He is primarily known for his writing on opera and opera singers, especially his 1982 book, The Last Prima Donnas. Born in Florence, he was the son of an Italian aristocrat and an American mother. From the late 1940s to the early 1960s Rasponi was the publicity agent for many opera singers as well as for socialites and fashionable restaurants in New York City. For a while, he also owned the Sagittarius Gallery in Manhattan which specialised in introducing contemporary European artists. After a financial scandal in 1963, he left the United States for Italy and dedicated himself to writing. He spent his last years in Rio de Janeiro where he died at the age of 68.

Publicist
A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, a brand, or public figure – especially a celebrity – or for work or a project such as a book, film, or album. Publicists are public relations specialists who maintain and represent the images of individuals, rather than representing an entire corporation or business. Publicists are also hired by public figures who want to maintain or protect their image. Publicists brand their clients by getting magazine, TV, newspaper, and website coverage. Most top-level publicists work in private practice, handling multiple clients.

The term publicist was coined by the legal scholar Francis Lieber to describe the engagement of internationalists with the public during the late nineteenth century. Publicists are sometimes called flacks, a term that traces back to Gene Flack, who was a well-known movie publicist in the 1930s.
Totché
Totché (sometimes also toetché) is a traditional cake from the Canton of Jura, in Switzerland. The cake is made of leavened dough and covered with sour cream-based mix. While this can be eaten all year round, it is particularly popular around local festivities such as St. Martin's Day.

Sour cream
Sour cream (sometimes known as soured cream in British English) is a dairy product obtained by fermenting regular cream with certain kinds of lactic acid bacteria. The bacterial culture, which is introduced either deliberately or naturally, sours and thickens the cream. Its name comes from the production of lactic acid by bacterial fermentation, which is called souring. Crème fraîche is one type of sour cream with a high fat content and less sour taste.
Christmas Tree EXEC
Christmas Tree EXEC was the first widely disruptive computer worm, which paralyzed several international computer networks in December 1987. The malware ran on the IBM VM/CMS operating system.

Written by a student at the Clausthal University of Technology in the REXX scripting language, it drew a crude Christmas tree as text graphics, then sent itself to each entry in the target's email contacts file. In this way it spread onto the European Academic Research Network (EARN), BITNET, and IBM's worldwide VNET. On all of these systems it caused massive disruption.

The core mechanism of the ILOVEYOU worm of 2000 was essentially the same as Christmas Tree, although it ran on PCs rather than mainframes, was spread over a different network, and was scripted using VBScript rather than REXX.

TERENA
The Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA, /təˈreɪnə/ tə-RAY-nə) was a not-for-profit association of European national research and education networks (NRENs) incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The association was originally formed on 13 June 1986 as Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) and changed its name to TERENA in October 1994. In October 2015, it again changed its name to GÉANT and at the same time acquired the shares of GEANT Limited (previously known as DANTE).
Ministry of the Interior (Argentina)
The Ministry of the Interior of Argentina is a ministry of the national executive power that manages issues pertaining to domestic politics such as immigration and co-ordination between the federal government and the governments of the provinces of Argentina.

The agency is one of the oldest ministries in the Argentine government, having existed continuously since the formation of the first Argentine executive in 1854, in the presidency of Justo José de Urquiza. The office is currently held by Diego Santilli.

Government of Argentina
The government of Argentina,  within the framework of a federal system, is a presidential representative democratic republic. The president of Argentina is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the president. Legislative power is vested in the National Congress. The Judiciary is independent from the Executive and from the Legislature, and is vested in the Supreme Court and the lower national tribunals. From the own government is also called Presidency of the Nation (Spanish: Presidencia de la Nación).
2020 Thailand Open – Doubles
Irina-Camelia Begu and Monica Niculescu were the defending champions, but they chose not to participate this year.

Arina Rodionova and Storm Sanders won the title, defeating Barbara Haas and Ellen Perez in the final, 6–3, 6–3. This was Rodionova's first WTA tour level title.

Storm Hunter
Storm Hunter (née Sanders; born 11 August 1994) is an Australian professional tennis player. She reached world No. 1 in doubles on 6 November 2023, becoming the third Australian woman to hold the top spot. She also has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 114 on 1 April 2024.

Hunter won her first major title in mixed doubles at the 2022 US Open. She has also won eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour, one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as three singles titles and thirteen doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Hunter debuted on the ITF Junior Circuit in December 2007, and on the senior circuit in November 2008. She won her first professional tournament in February 2013.

She also represented Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics, which due to the COVID-19 pandemic were held in 2021, reaching the quarterfinals in the women's doubles competition.
Chak No. 1
Chak No. 1 is a village in Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil, Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab, Pakistan. The numerical in the village name derives from the railway station built near Chillianwala on the line connecting Lalamusa, Malakwal and Sargodha.

Chilianwala was the site of an 1849 battle in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, ending without without a clear victor but causing the British military to re-evaluate its ambitions in India.

Sargodha
Sargodha (/sɑːˈɡəʊdə/; سرگودھا; Punjabi: [sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː]; Urdu: [ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 11th most populous city and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country. It is also known as the City of Eagles.

It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others include Faisalabad, Islamabad and Gwadar).
Matthias Berninger
Matthias Berninger (born 1971) is a former German politician and member of The Greens from 1993 until 2007.

From 2001 to 2005, Berninger served as Parliamentary Secretary of State at the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection under minister Renate Künast in the second cabinet of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. After leaving the government, he was his parliamentary group's spokesperson on economic policy from 2005 until 2007.

Since 2019, Berninger has been serving as Executive Vice President of Public and Government Affairs and Head of Sustainability at Bayer. Berninger lives with his wife and children in Washington, D.C.

Parliamentary under-secretary of state
The parliamentary under-secretary of state (historically under-secretary of state or just parliamentary secretary, particularly in departments not led by a secretary of state) is the lowest of three tiers of government minister in the UK government, immediately junior to a minister of state, which is itself junior to a secretary of state.