hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qi Yuanjing
Qi Yuanjing (Chinese: 戚元靖; pinyin: Qī Yuánjìng; 4 April 1929 – 4 November 1994) was a Chinese engineer who was minister of metallurgical industry from 1985 to 1993.

He was an alternate member of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 13th and 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People's Congress.

12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from September 1982 to November 1987. It held seven plenary sessions. It was succeeded by the 13th Central Committee. It elected the 12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1982.
Bloomburg High School
Bloomburg High School is a public high school located in the city of Bloomburg, Texas (USA). It is classified as a 1A school by the UIL. It is a part of the Bloomburg Independent School District located in eastern Cass County, near the Texas-Louisiana border. For the 2021-2022 school year, the school was given an "A" by the Texas Education Agency.

Cass County, Texas
Cass County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 28,454. The county seat is Linden. The county was named for Lewis Cass, a United States Senator representing Michigan who favored the U.S. annexation of Texas in the mid-19th century.
Leše, Litija
Leše (pronounced [ˈleːʃɛ]) is a small village to the north above Sava in the Municipality of Litija in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Seraphim (pigeon)
Seraphim are a breed of pigeon developed in the United States with selective breeding.  (The name "Seraphim" is plural; a single bird is called a "Seraph.") They are considered a fancy rare breed. Seraphim and the other varieties of domesticated pigeon are descendants of the rock dove (Columba livia).

Domestic pigeon
The domestic pigeon (Columba livia "domestica" or Columba livia forma domestica) is a domesticated bird derived from the rock dove Columba livia. Although often termed a "subspecies", the domesticated pigeon does not constitute an accepted zoological subspecies of the rock dove, but a collection of over 350 breeds. The rock dove is among the world's first birds to be domesticated; Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5,000 years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Pigeons have held historical importance to humans as food, pets, symbolic animals, and messengers. Due to their homing ability, pigeons have been used to deliver messages, including war pigeons during the two world wars. City pigeons, which are feral birds, are generally seen as pests, mainly due to their droppings and a reputation for spreading disease.
Werner Ingold
Werner Ingold (20 February 1919 – 24 June 1995) was a Swiss chemist and entrepreneur. He was a pioneer in the field of chemical microanalysis, in particular in the development of glass-based, highly resistive pH electrodes. In 1948, he founded the Dr. W. Ingold AG, producing and selling sensors for process analytical applications. He developed the company to a mid-size international business organization and sold it in 1986 to Ciba Geigy. In 1966, Werner Ingold became an Active Life Member of The New York Academy of Sciences.

Mettler Toledo
Mettler Toledo, stylized in all caps, is a multinational supplier of precision instruments and services. The company focuses on laboratory, industrial, product inspection, and food retailing applications. Its products are used in research, quality control, and manufacturing processes in life sciences, food, chemical, and many other industries. The company's business is geographically diversified, with sales in 2023 derived 41% from North and South America, 27% from Europe, and 32% from Asia and other countries. The company’s global workforce consists of 17,300 employees as of December 31, 2023.
Jeff MacNelly
Jeffrey Kenneth MacNelly (September 17, 1947 – June 8, 2000) was an American editorial cartoonist and the creator of the comic strip Shoe. After Shoe had been established in papers, MacNelly created the single-panel strip Pluggers. The Wall Street Journal wrote: "MacNelly's superb draftsmanship as well as his heightened sense of the ridiculous is in the vanguard of a new generation of American cartoonists."

Dave Barry
David McAlister Barry (born July 3, 1947) is an American author and columnist who wrote a nationally syndicated humor column for the Miami Herald from 1983 to 2005. He has written numerous books of humor and parody, as well as comic novels and children's novels. Barry's honors include the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary (1988) and the Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism (2005).

Barry has defined a sense of humor as "a measurement of the extent to which we realize that we are trapped in a world almost totally devoid of reason. Laughter is how we express the anxiety we feel at this knowledge".
Somsdorf
Somsdorf is a municipal subdivision of Freital in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district in Saxony state of Germany. It lies in the west of Freital, between the Rote Weißeritz and the Wilde Weißeritz.

Wild Weißeritz
The Wild Weißeritz (German: Wilde Weißeritz, Czech: Divoká Bystřice) is a river in the Czech Republic and in the German state of Saxony which drains the eastern Ore Mountains. It is the longest tributary of the Weißeritz.

The valley of the Wild Weißeritz is almost free of settlements. The Wild Weißeritz runs through Tharandt just some kilometres before it forms the Weißeritz together with the tributary Red Weißeritz in Freital.

The river feeds two water reservoirs for drinking water abstraction (Klingenberg Reservoir and Lehnmühle Reservoir).
194 BC
Year 194 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Africanus and Longus (or, less frequently, year 560 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 194 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Nabis of Sparta
Nabis (Ancient Greek: Νάβις) was the last king of independent Sparta. He was probably a member of the Heracleidae, and he ruled from 207 BC to 192 BC, during the years of the First and Second Macedonian Wars and the "War against Nabis" named for being against him. After taking the throne by executing two claimants, he began rebuilding Sparta's power. During the Second Macedonian War, Nabis sided with King Philip V of Macedon and in return he received the city of Argos. However, when the war began to turn against the Macedonians, he defected to Rome. After the war, the Romans, urged by the Achaean League, attacked Nabis and defeated him. He then was assassinated in 192 BC by the Aetolian League. He represented the last phase of Sparta's reformist period.
Dan Gross
Dan Gross is an American public relations and crisis communications professional who wrote a gossip column for the Philadelphia Daily News. His work has appeared in magazines such as Rolling Stone and Anthem, and he published two fanzines, Scenester! and Deal With It in the 1990s. He is a graduate of Lower Merion High School and Temple University. In 2009 he became president of The Newspaper Guild of Greater Philadelphia Local 10. He played bass in the band None More Black and is currently a member of Renegade.

NewsGuild-CWA
The NewsGuild-CWA is a labor union founded by newspaper journalists in 1933.

The NewsGuild-CWA's constitution says its purpose is to fight for honesty in journalism and the news industry's business practices in addition to improving wages and working conditions.

The NewsGuild-CWA now represents workers in a wide range of roles including socialist and left-wing activist organizations, editorial, technology, advertising, and others at newspapers, online publications, magazines, news services, and in broadcast, as well as the staff of nonprofit organizations and spoken-language and sign-language interpreters and translators. The current president is Jon Schleuss.
Gregory A. Fronius
Gregory Allen Fronius (November 3, 1959 – March 31, 1987) was a United States Army Special Forces sergeant of the 7th Special Forces Group (A). He was a military advisor to the Salvadoran Army during the Salvadoran Civil War in 1987. Fronius was killed in action during a raid of a Salvadoran garrison by the rebel Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). He was posthumously awarded the Silver Star.

United States Army Special Forces selection and training
The Special Forces Qualification Course (SFQC) or, informally, the Q Course is the initial formal training program for entry into the United States Army Special Forces. Phase I of the Q Course is Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS). A candidate who is selected at the conclusion of SFAS will be able to continue to the next of the four phases. If a candidate successfully completes all phases they will graduate as a Special Forces qualified soldier and then, generally, be assigned to a 12-men Operational Detachment "A" (ODA), commonly known as an "A team." The length of the Q Course changes depending on the applicant's primary job field within Special Forces and their assigned foreign language capability but will usually last between 56 and 95 weeks.
Gorodishchensky Uyezd
Gorodishchensky Uyezd (Городищенский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Penza Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Gorodishche. In terms of present-day administrative borders, the territory of Gorodishchensky Uyezd is divided between the Bessonovsky, Gorodishchensky, Luninsky, Nikolsky and Sosnovoborsky districts of Penza Oblast and the Bazarnosyzgansky and Inzensky districts of Ulyanovsk Oblast.

Bazarnosyzgansky District
Bazarnosyzgansky District  (Russian: Базарносызганский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 825.2 square kilometers (318.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Bazarny Syzgan. Population: 10,083 (2010 Census); 11,363 (2002 Census). The population of Bazarny Syzgan accounts for 56.7% of the district's total population.
Gaius Atinius Labeo (praetor 195 BC)
Gaius Atinius Labeo was tribune of the plebs in 196 BC, and carried a bill authorizing five colonies.  He also joined with the tribune Quintus Marcius Ralla in vetoing the attempt of the consul, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, to prevent peace with Philip.

In 195 BC, Atinius was praetor peregrinus. He may have been the author of the lex Atinia de usucapione.

Atinius seems to have been a different man from the Gaius Atinius Labeo who was praetor in Sicilia in 190 BC, and the Gaius Atinius who was praetor in Hispania Ulterior in 188.

Hispania Ulterior
Hispania Ulterior (English: "Further Hispania", or occasionally "Thither Hispania") was a Roman province located in Hispania (on the Iberian Peninsula) during the Roman Republic, roughly located in Baetica and in the Guadalquivir valley of modern Spain and extending to all of Lusitania (modern Portugal, Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca province) and Gallaecia (modern Northern Portugal and Galicia). Its capital was Corduba.
Imutaike Prefectural Natural Park
Imutaike Prefectural Natural Park (藺牟田池県立自然公園, Imutaike kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in central Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1953, the park spans the municipalities of Aira, Satsuma, and Satsumasendai.

Satsumasendai, Kagoshima
Satsumasendai (薩摩川内市, Satsumasendai-shi) is a city located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2024, the city had an estimated population of 90,918 in 46610 households, and a  population density of 130 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 682.92 km2 (263.68 sq mi).
Michel Maray de La Chauvignerie
Michel Maray de La Chauvignerie (January 24, 1704 – August 10, 1778), also known as Michel Maray, sieur de la La Chauvignerie, was a French military officer in the Troupes de la Marine and interpreter of Iroquoian languages.

Iroquoian languages
The Iroquoian languages (/ɪ.rə.ˈkwɔɪ.ən/, ih-rə-KWOY-ən) or Ogwehoweh languages are a language family of indigenous peoples of North America. They are known for their general lack of labial consonants. The Iroquoian languages are polysynthetic and head-marking.

As of 2020, almost all surviving Iroquoian languages are severely or critically endangered, with some languages having only a few elderly speakers remaining. The two languages with the most speakers, Mohawk (Kenien'kéha) in New York and Canada, and Cherokee in Oklahoma and North Carolina, are spoken by less than 10% of the populations of their nations.
2025 Oeiras Indoors – Doubles
Karol Drzewiecki and Piotr Matuszewski were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

George Goldhoff and Trey Hilderbrand won the title after defeating Kaichi Uchida and Denis Yevseyev 7–5, 2–6, [10–5] in the final.

George Goldhoff
George Goldhoff (born January 14, 1995) is an American tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 101 achieved on 4 August 2025.
He has won five ATP Challenger doubles titles in his career.

Goldhoff played college tennis at Texas.
Return on brand
The return on brand (ROB) is an indicator used to measure brand management performance. It is an indicator of the effectiveness of brand use in terms of generating net income, a special case of return on assets.

ROB is calculated as the ratio of net income to brand value:

Brand valuation
Brand valuation is the process of estimating the total financial value of a brand. A conflict of interest exists if those who value a brand were also involved in its creation. The ISO 10668 standard specifies six key requirements for the process of valuing brands, which are transparency, validity, reliability, sufficiency, objectivity; and financial, behavioral, and legal parameters.

Brand valuation is distinct from brand equity.
Journey to Shiloh
Journey to Shiloh is a 1968 American Western adventure film directed by William Hale and starring James Caan, Michael Sarrazin and Brenda Scott. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Will Henry first published in 1960.

Henry Wilson Allen
Henry Wilson "Heck" Allen (September 29, 1912 – October 26, 1991) was an American  author of historical fiction and a screenwriter. He used several different pseudonyms for his works. His 50+ novels of the American West were published under the pen names Will Henry and Clay Fisher. Allen's screenplays and scripts for animated shorts were credited to Heck Allen and Henry Allen.
Doctoral Training Centre
Doctoral Training Centres (DTCs; also called Centres for Doctoral Training or Doctoral Training Partnerships) are centres for managing the  Research Council-funded PhD degrees in the United Kingdom. Typical UK PhD students take three years to complete their doctoral research under the guidance of an academic supervisor or small supervisory team and tend to be located within an existing research group. By contrast, each DTC involves a UK university (or a small number of universities) in delivering a four-year doctoral training programme to a significant number of PhD students organised into cohorts. Each Centre targets a specific area of research, and also emphasises transferable skills training. The model has been adopted by all seven Research Councils.

Research Councils UK
Research Councils UK, sometimes known as RCUK, was a non-departmental public body that coordinated science policy in the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2018. It was an umbrella organisation that coordinated the seven separate research councils that were responsible for funding and coordinating academic research for the arts, humanities, science and engineering. In 2018 Research Councils transitioned into UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).
CBR-FM
CBR-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting on 102.1 FM in Calgary, Alberta. It broadcasts the programming of the CBC Music network. CBR-FM's studios are located on Westmount Boulevard Northwest just west of downtown Calgary, while its transmitter is located at 85th Street Southwest and Old Banff Coach Road in western Calgary. CBR-FM was launched on September 29, 1975.

The jazz program Tonic, hosted by Tim Tamashiro, originated from CBR-FM. It previously hosted only the weekend version until the retirement of Montreal-based weekday host Katie Malloch in 2012.

As of Winter 2020, CBR-FM is the 14th-most-listened-to radio station in the Calgary market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.

Katie Malloch
Katie Malloch is a Canadian broadcaster who previously hosted the series Tonic, a nightly jazz program on CBC Radio 2. She was co-creator and host of Jazz Beat which aired on CBC radio from 1983 to March 2007. A graduate of McGill University, Malloch began freelancing for the CBC in 1972, and became a staff announcer in 1975. On January 9, 2012, Malloch announced on CBC Radio Montreal's Daybreak that she would be retiring from the CBC after 37 years. She retired at the end of March 2012.

In the early ‘80s, she co-hosted (with Wayne Grigsby) several seasons of the CBC Montreal television production  Steppin’ Out, a weekly newsmagazine focused on the city’s cultural and entertainment scene.

Malloch is married to the documentary filmmaker Paul Cowan.
Antonio Grajera
Antonio Grajera was a soldier and early Californian pioneer.

Grajera became a Spanish frontier soldier around 1778, and was eventually promoted to Lieutenant in the Espana dragoon regiment. He never saw active service, but was "capable in his duties".

Grajera was appointed as Commandant of the Presidio of San Diego on October 19, 1793. George Vancouver visited San Diego Bay approximately a month later as part of the Vancouver Expedition and was greeted by Grajera and others.

Grajera had no family and his illicit relationships with the women of the presidio, and excessive use of alcohol, caused some scandal. He resigned on August 23, 1799, and never resumed his office.

Vancouver Expedition
The Vancouver Expedition (1791–1795) was a four-and-a-half-year voyage of exploration and diplomacy, commanded by Captain George Vancouver of the Royal Navy. The British expedition circumnavigated the globe and made contact with five continents. The expedition at various times included between two and four vessels, and up to 153 men, all but 6 of whom returned home safely.
2025 Canadian Open (curling)
The 2025 HearingLife Canadian Open was held from December 16 to 21 at the Merlis Belsher Place in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, with the Tier 2 event held at the Martensville Curling Club in Martensville, Saskatchewan. It was the fourth Grand Slam event and third major of the 2025–26 curling season.

The 2025 event featured a Tier 2 division for the first time. Of note, between the Tier 1 and 2 events, 19 of the 20 men's and women's teams that will participate in the 2026 Winter Olympics played in the event, the exception being the United States' Tabitha Peterson who qualified, but declined the invitation.

UTC−06:00
UTC−06:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −06:00. 
In North America, it is observed in the Central Time Zone during standard time, and in the Mountain Time Zone during the other eight months (see daylight saving time). Several Latin American countries and a few other places use it year-round.
Les Quinze joies de mariage
Les Quinze joies de mariage (The 15 Joys of Marriage) is an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century French satire in prose which presents a picture, full of sharpness and humour, of the rows and deceits which afflict the married state. The misogynist satire is allied to a pitiless analysis  of the blindness of husbands in everyday, concrete situations.

The earliest surviving manuscript dates to 1464, but is not the original manuscript. Bernard de la Monnoye proposed 1450 as the date of writing, and this has been the generally accepted date of writing. A riddle can be found at the end of the book; André Pottier proposed in 1830 that the riddle proves the work is by Antoine de la Sale; this is the most widely, although not universally, accepted candidate of author.

Bernard de la Monnoye
Bernard de La Monnoye (15 June 1641, in Dijon, Province of Burgundy – 15 October 1728) was a French lawyer, poet, philologue and critic, known chiefly for his carol Noei borguignon (Borguignon Christmas).
Marie-Marguerite Carreaux de Rosemond
Marie-Marguerite Carreaux de Rosemond, sometimes Carraux de Rozemont (1765–1788) was a French painter.

Carreaux de Rosemond was a pupil of Adélaïde Labille-Guiard and one of nine young women whose work was remarked upon at the Exposition de la jeunesse in 1783. She was singled out for praise by the critics alongside Labille-Guiard's other students Marie-Gabrielle Capet and Mlle. Alexandre.

In 1785, Labille-Guiard depicted Carreaux de Rosemond and Capet in her painting Self-Portrait with Two Pupils, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She may also be seen in a pen-and-ink sketch drawn by John Trumbull on a visit to Labille-Guiard's studio in 1786.

Carreaux de Rosemond married engraver Charles Clément Balvay in 1788, but she died later that same year in the galleries of the Louvre as a consequence of giving birth. Her son also died soon after.

John Trumbull
John Trumbull (June 6, 1756 – November 10, 1843) was an American painter and military officer best known for his historical paintings of the American Revolutionary War, of which he was a veteran. He has been called the "Painter of the Revolution". Trumbull's Declaration of Independence (1817), one of his four paintings that hang in the United States Capitol rotunda, is used on the reverse of the current United States two-dollar bill.
Eino Palovesi
Eino Oskari Palovesi (19 May 1904 – 25 February 1980; surname until 1947 Möttönen) was a Finnish farmer and politician, born in Perho. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1939 to 1960, representing the Agrarian League. He served as Minister of Transport and Public Works from 3 March 1956 to 27 May 1957 and as Minister of the Interior from 13 January 1959 to 4 February 1960. He was the governor of Central Finland Province from 1960 to 1971. He was a presidential elector in the 1937, 1940, 1943, 1950 and 1956 presidential elections.

1943 Finnish presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Finland in 1943. The 1937 electoral college was recalled and re-elected Risto Ryti, who received 269 of the 300 votes.  President Ryti was ready to remain in office and to try to lead Finland successfully through World War II.  Nevertheless, some Finnish politicians believed that Marshal Mannerheim, the Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish army, would lead Finland more effectively.  In a test vote, 147 presidential electors out of 300 supported Mannerheim.  This plurality was not, however, enough for Mannerheim who required an assured majority of electors to back him for his presidential candidacy.  Having failed to receive this majority's support, Mannerheim withdrew his candidacy and Ryti was overwhelmingly re-elected president.