hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Freemason's Grave
The Freemason's Grave is a grave monument on a grassy knoll northwest of the Kaisaniemi Botanical Gardens in Helsinki, Finland. It commemorates Fredrik Granatenhjelm, an artillery officer from the Sveaborg Fortress (now Suomenlinna), who later moved to the mainland Helsinki, gaining great repute as a philanthropist.

Hillock
A hillock or knoll is a small hill, usually separated from a larger group of hills such as a range. Hillocks are similar in their distribution and size to small mesas or buttes. This particular formation occurs often in Great Britain and China. A similar type of landform in the Scandinavian countries goes by the name "kulle" or "bakke" (depending on the country) and is contrary to the above phenomena formed when glaciers polish down hard, crystalline bedrock of gneiss or granites, leaving a rounded rocky hillock with sparse vegetation.

One of the most famous knolls is the one near John F. Kennedy's point of assassination, the grassy knoll, in Dealey Plaza of downtown Dallas, Texas. It is the source of many prominent conspiracy theories regarding the circumstances of his assassination.

A "blind knoll" is either hidden or not readily apparent to those driving vehicles. There are road signs that warn of this, advising drivers to slow down.
Pier 3
Pier 3 (Chinese: 澎坊三號港購物廣場) is a shopping center in Magong City, Penghu County, Taiwan that opened in 2018. Developed by Ever Rich Duty Free, it is the largest shopping mall and duty free shop in the county. The mall is located in close proximity to Penghu Airport.

Penghu Airport
Penghu Airport (IATA: MZG, ICAO: RCQC), formerly Magong Airport (Chinese: 澎湖機場; pinyin: Pénghú Jīchǎng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phênn-ôo Ki-tiû), is a domestic airport in Huxi, Penghu County, Taiwan. Handling 2,380,265 passengers in 2017, it is the fifth-busiest airport in Taiwan. The ROC Air Force's Magong Air Base is also located here.
Beta II
Beta II (r. c. 1076-1108 CE) alias Tribhuvana-Malla was a member of the Kakatiya dynasty of southern India. As a Kalyani Chalukya vassal, he obtained control of the Sabbi-1000 province centred around Vemulavada. He commissioned a Shaivite shrine, and also donated land for a Jaina temple.

Hanamkonda
Hanamakonda is a major city and the district headquarters of Hanamkonda district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is about 150 KM away from the state Capital Hyderabad and about 7KM away from former district Head quarters Warangal. It is also one of the tri-city along with Warangal and Kazipet. The historic Thousand Pillar Temple is also located here.
Pauline Sherman
Pauline Mont Sherman was an American aerospace engineer and academic. She was the first female Professor in the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan and also the first woman to become Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Michigan. Her research focuses on jet noise, low-density flows, two-phase flows, and especially hypersonic flows.

Jet noise
In aeroacoustics, jet noise is the field that focuses on the noise generation caused by high-velocity jets and the turbulent eddies generated by shearing flow. Such noise is known as broadband noise and extends well beyond the range of human hearing (100 kHz and higher).  Jet noise is also responsible for some of the loudest sounds ever produced by mankind.
Condat-sur-Vézère
Condat-sur-Vézère (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃da syʁ vezɛʁ], literally Condat on Vézère; Occitan: Condat de Vesera) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Condat-Le Lardin station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Périgueux and Brive-la-Gaillarde.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
Alatskivi Landscape Conservation Area
Alatskivi Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park situated in Tartu County, Estonia.

Its area is 383 ha.

The protected area was designated in 1964 to protect Alatskivi region (including Kuningvere Lake). In 2006, the protected area was redesigned to the landscape conservation area.

Tartu County
Tartu County (Estonian: Tartu maakond or Tartumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

It is located in eastern Estonia, and it borders Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County, and Jõgeva County.

The area of Tartu County is 2,992.74 km2 (1,155.50 sq mi), which covers 6.9% of the territory of Estonia. In 2022 Tartu County had a population of 157,758 – constituting 11.9% of the total population in Estonia. The city of Tartu is the centre of the county located at a distance of 186 km (116 mi) from Tallinn. Tartu County is divided into 8 local governments – 1 urban and 7 rural municipalities.
Nikopol, Bulgaria
Nikopol (Bulgarian: Никопол [niˈkɔpoɫ]; historically Greek: Νικόπολις, Nikópolis, Latin: Nicopolis, Turkish: Niğbolu) is a town in northern Bulgaria, the administrative center of Nikopol Municipality, part of Pleven Province, on the right bank of the Danube river, 4 kilometres (2 miles) downstream from the Danube’s confluence with the Osam river. It spreads at the foot of steep chalk cliffs along the Danube and up a narrow valley.

Pleven Province
43°25′N 24°40′E﻿ / ﻿43.417°N 24.667°E﻿ / 43.417; 24.667

Pleven Province (Bulgarian: Област Плевен or Плевенска Област) is a province located in central northern Bulgaria, bordering the Danube river, Romania and the Bulgarian provinces of Vratsa, Veliko Tarnovo and Lovech. It is divided into 11 subdivisions, called municipalities, that embrace a territory of 4,653.32 km2 (1,796.66 sq mi) with a population, as of February 2011, of 269 752 inhabitants. The province's capital is the city of Pleven.
2015 Eskişehir Cup – Singles
David Goffin was the defending champion, but chose not to participate, since he played at French Open during that week.

Paolo Lorenzi won the tournament, defeating Íñigo Cervantes in the final. Lorenzi's quarterfinal match was his 300th win on the ATP Challenger Tour.

2015 French Open
The 2015 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 114th edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 24 May to 7 June and consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events.

Rafael Nadal was the five-time defending champion in the Men's Singles, but lost to Novak Djokovic in the quarter finals. Stan Wawrinka won his first French Open title, defeating Djokovic in the final. Maria Sharapova was defending the Women's Singles title, but lost to Lucie Šafářová in the fourth round. Serena Williams defeated Šafářová in the final and won her third French Open title, 20th Grand Slam singles title, and third Career Grand Slam (joining Steffi Graf as the only two women in the Open Era to do so).
Janów, Gmina Ożarów
Janów [ˈjanuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ożarów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Ożarów, 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Opatów, and 81 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.
Winslow Crocker House
Winslow Crocker House is a historic house in Yarmouth Port, Massachusetts, built circa 1780. In 1936, Mary Thacher, an avid collector of antiques, moved the house of a wealthy 18th-century trader and land speculator, Winslow Crocker, to its present location.

Thacher remodeled the interior in order to provide an appropriate early American backdrop for the display of her collection. Woodwork was stripped, smaller-paned windows installed, and a fireplace rebuilt to contain a beehive oven. The result is a colonial Cape Cod house with a 20th-century flavor. Thacher's collection of furniture, accented by colorful hooked rugs, ceramics, and pewter, presents a thorough survey of early American styles, from Jacobean, William and Mary, and Queen Anne to Chippendale. Today the house is owned and operated as a historic museum by Historic New England.

William and Mary style
What later came to be known as the William and Mary style is a furniture design common from 1700 to 1725 in the Netherlands, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of Ireland, and later in England's American colonies. It was a transitional style between Mannerist furniture and Queen Anne furniture. Sturdy, emphasizing both straight lines and curves, and featuring elaborate carving and woodturning, the style was one of the first to imitate Asian design elements such as japanning.
Boron, Ivory Coast
Boron is a town in north-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Dikodougou Department in Poro Region, Savanes District. The town sits just northeast of the border of Woroba District.

Boron was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Boron was 24,239.

Savanes District
Savanes District (French: District des Savanes, [sa.van], "Savannahs") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northernmost part of the country. The capital of the district is Korhogo.
Fumin (grape)
Fumin is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown primarily in the Valle d'Aosta region of northwest Italy. According to wine expert Jancis Robinson, the grape is "tough" and used primarily as a blending grape in the Denominazione di origine controllatas (DOCs) of the region. The grape is one of the parent varieties of the Aosta wine grape Vuillermin.

Jancis Robinson
Jancis Mary Robinson OBE, ComMA, MW (born 22 April 1950) is a British wine critic, journalist and wine writer. She currently writes a weekly column for the Financial Times, and writes for her website JancisRobinson.com, updated daily. She provided advice for the wine cellar of Queen Elizabeth II.
Lombe Atthill
Lombe Athill (3 December 1827 – 14 September 1910) was a Northern Irish obstetrician and gynaecologist. Hailing from Ardess, Magheraculmoney in County Fermanagh, he studied at the Trinity College, Dublin, and obtained his licence to practice from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 1847. That year, he became the surgeon to a charitable dispensary in Fleet Street, Dublin, and then dispensary doctor of the district of Geashill in King's County from 1848 to 1850. He began working as an assistant physician at the Rotunda Hospital in 1851. In November 1875, he was elected master of the hospital, and was one of the leading experts on gynaecology in the country at the time. He was elected president of the Irish College of Physicians in 1888.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
Bacigalupo
Bacigalupo (Ligurian: Bâçigalô) is an Italian surname from Liguria, literally translating to 'wolf-wounder'.  Notable people with the surname include:

Ana Mariella Bacigalupo, Peruvian anthropologist

Giuseppe Bacigalupo (1744–1821), Italian painter

Manlio Bacigalupo (1908–1977), Italian association football goalkeeper

Manuel Bacigalupo (1916–1965), Peruvian cyclist

Massimo Bacigalupo (born 1947), Italian filmmaker, translator, essayist and literary critic

Nélida María Bacigalupo (1924–2019), Argentine botanist

Renato Bacigalupo (1908–1979), Italian Olympic swimmer

Rolando Bacigalupo (1914–1989), Peruvian Olympic basketball player

Scott Bacigalupo (fl. 1991–1994), American lacrosse goaltender

Valerio Bacigalupo (1924–1949), Italian association football goalkeeper, brother of Manlio

Nélida María Bacigalupo
Nélida María Bacigalupo (1924–2019) was an Argentine botanist, curator, and professor. She studied at the National University of La Plata, and in 1953, she received her doctorate in Natural Sciences at the same university. She served as an investigator at the Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, San Isidro, Buenos Aires. Bacigalupo did her botanical research in Paraguay and Argentina. She was a world authority on the family Rubiaceae. She was a member of the Argentine Botanical Society, and was the honorary vice-president of the 33rd Argentine Botany Conference in 2011.
Car crusher
A car crusher is an industrial device used to reduce the dimensions of derelict (depreciated) cars prior to transport for recycling.

Historically, scrap cars were too large and bulky to transport to the sites that turned them into reusable material, and the cost to transport them outweighed their value, because transportation costs were determined by weight. Since uncrushed cars were less dense and took up more space, even for a short haul, the scrap cars were worth less than it cost to deliver them.

Cars can be crushed by dropping heavy weights onto them, or by using an excavator bucket or mechanical grab, but these rudimentary means can be time-consuming and produces inconsistent scrap sizes. By contrast, having a dedicated car-crushing machine speeds up the compacting process and results in more uniform scrap bundles.

Depreciation
In accountancy, depreciation refers to two aspects of the same concept: first, an actual reduction in the fair value of an asset, such as the decrease in value of factory equipment each year as it is used and wears, and second, the allocation in accounting statements of the original cost of the assets to periods in which the assets are used (depreciation with the matching principle).

Depreciation is thus the decrease in the value of assets and the method used to reallocate, or "write down" the cost of a tangible asset (such as equipment) over its useful life span. Businesses depreciate long-term assets for both accounting and tax purposes. The decrease in value of the asset affects the balance sheet of a business or entity, and the method of depreciating the asset, accounting-wise, affects the net income, and thus the income statement that they report. Generally, the cost is allocated as depreciation expense among the periods in which the asset is expected to be used.
Andrew Scott (Canadian musician, born 1979)
Robert Andrew Scott (born September 27, 1979) is a Canadian musician and songwriter, specializing in alternative country, alternative folk, and folk rock, with additional interests in folk music and blues.  Scott was born and raised in Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada.  He is married to Julie Sauve Scott.

Calgary Folk Music Festival
The Calgary Folk Music Festival (also known as "Calgary Folk Fest", or CFMF) is a Canadian music festival held on the fourth weekend of July each year at Prince's Island Park, Calgary, Alberta. The four-day event features 70 artists from over 15 countries, who perform for an audience of over 52,000 people across multiple stages.

The festival has attracted a diverse array of notable artists, including Father John Misty, Neko Case, Julia Jacklin, the Avett Brothers, David Byrne, Elvis Costello, Emmylou Harris, Andrew Bird, and Tanya Tagaq.

The 46th annual Calgary Folk Music Festival will take place July 24-27, 2025.
White Clay Creek Hundred
White Clay Creek Hundred is an unincorporated subdivision of New Castle County, Delaware.  Hundreds were once used as a basis for representation in the Delaware General Assembly, and while their names still appear on all real estate transactions, they presently have no meaningful use or purpose except as a geographical point of reference.

White Clay Creek
White Clay Creek is an 18.5-mile-long (29.8 km) tributary of the Christina River in southern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware in the United States. It is renowned for its scenic character and is largely federally protected.

The 107-square-mile (280 km2) White Clay Creek watershed is home to nearly 100,000 people and includes parts of Chester County, Pennsylvania and New Castle County, Delaware. The Pennsylvania portion still retains a rural character while the Delaware portion is more suburbanized. Sediment eroded from the rolling hills of Chester County is carried into the White Clay, probably accounting for the creek's name.

The majority of the stream is in the Piedmont region which is characterized by rolling hills, plateaus, and stream valleys. The southern portion of the stream, near Newark is in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, a relatively flat area that is dotted with large tidal wetlands. The White Clay Creek empties into the Christina River at Churchman's Marsh.
Matt McGrath
Matthew John McGrath (December 28, 1875 – January 29, 1941) was a member of the Irish American Athletic Club, the New York Athletic Club, and the New York City Police Department. At the time of his death at age 64, he attained the rank of Police Inspector, and during his career received the NYPD's Medal of Valor twice. He competed for the U.S. team in the Olympics in 1908, 1912, 1920 and 1924 (at age 47). In his prime, he was known as "one of the world's greatest weight throwers."

New York Athletic Club
The New York Athletic Club is a private social club and athletic club in New York state.  Founded in 1868, the club has approximately 8,600 members and two facilities: the City House, located at 180 Central Park South in Manhattan, and Travers Island, located in Westchester County. Membership in the club is by invitation only.

The club offers many sports, including rowing, wrestling, boxing, judo, fencing, swimming, basketball, rugby union, soccer, tennis, handball, squash, snooker, lacrosse and water polo.

The NYAC has tax status 501(c)(7) for Social and Recreation Clubs; in 2024 it claimed total revenue of $70,874,472, total giving of $659,245, and total assets of $92,426,900.
Lubomyr Romankiw
Lubomyr Taras Romankiw (April 17, 1931 – June 27, 2024) was a Ukrainian-Canadian-American Electrochemist, Material Scientist and Engineer, and a world-renowned inventor. Although a Canadian citizen, he spent his entire career at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. He was an IBM fellow, the highest technical ranking at IBM.

Romankiw earned his B.Sc. from the University of Alberta in 1957, and both M.S. and Ph.D. degrees (in metallurgy and materials) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1962. His Ph.D. dissertation was titled "Kinetics of dissolution of zinc sulfide in aqueous sulfuric acid", under the advisory of Professor P. L. de Bruyn. Romankiw is listed as a co-inventor on over 90 U.S. patents, 150 papers and edited 10 volumes of various technical symposia.

National Inventors Hall of Fame
The National Inventors Hall of Fame (NIHF) is an American not-for-profit organization, founded in 1973, which recognizes individual engineers and inventors who hold a US patent of significant technology. Besides the Hall of Fame, it also operates a museum in Alexandria, Virginia, sponsors educational programs, and a collegiate competition.

As of 2025, 652




inventors have been inducted, mostly constituting historic persons from the past three centuries, but also including living inductees. Nominees must hold a US patent of significant contribution to the US welfare, and which advances science and useful arts.
1998 Legg Mason Tennis Classic – Singles
The 1998 Legg Mason Tennis Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Washington, D.C., United States, that was part of the International Series Gold of the 1998 ATP Tour. It was the twenty-ninth edition of the tournament and was held 20 July – 26 July.

ATP International Series Gold
ATP International Series Gold (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP Championship Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally between 2000 and 2008 that were part of the ATP Tour. The tournaments were positioned below the ATP Masters Series, and above the ATP International Series in terms of prize money and ranking points available.

International Series Gold tournaments offered players cash prizes (purses from $755,000 to $1,426,250 as of 2008) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. See Association of Tennis Professionals#ATP rankings for more details.

Effective in 2009, this series of tournaments became the ATP Tour 500, incorporating many of the same tournaments. The "500" represents the number of ATP ranking points earned by the winner of each event in the series.
ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.

African nationalism
African nationalism is an umbrella term which refers to a group of political ideologies in the majority of Africa, which are based on the idea of national self-determination and the creation of nation states. The ideology emerged under European colonial rule during the 19th and 20th centuries and was loosely inspired by nationalist ideas from Europe. Originally, African nationalism was based on demands for self-determination and played an important role in forcing the process of decolonisation of Africa (c. 1957–66). However, the term refers to a broad range of different ideological and political movements and should not be confused with Pan-Africanism which may seek the federation of many or all nation states in Africa.