hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Campaign button
A campaign button is a pin used during an election as political advertising for (or against) a candidate or political party, or to proclaim the issues that are part of the political platform. In the United States, political buttons date as far back as President George Washington. They have taken many forms as the technology to create an image and mass production has allowed. In the late 18th and first half of the 19th century they were sewn-on clothing buttons, whereas the modern forms typically have pins on the back and are therefore also called pin-back buttons.

Campaign buttons bear some similarity to bumper stickers, which are also used for political and other promotional messages. As a novelty item, campaign buttons are part of the hobby of collecting.

Novelty item
A novelty item is an object which is specifically designed to serve no practical purpose, and is sold for its uniqueness, humor, or simply as something new (hence "novelty", or newness). The term also applies to practical items with fanciful or nonfunctional additions, such as novelty aprons, slippers, or toilet paper. The term is normally applied to small objects, and is generally not used to describe larger items such as roadside attractions. Items may have an advertising or promotional purpose, or be a souvenir.
Fourth Hughes ministry
The Fourth Hughes ministry (Nationalist) was the 14th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 7th Prime Minister, Billy Hughes. The Fourth Hughes ministry succeeded the Third Hughes ministry, which dissolved on 8 January 1918 following the resignation of Hughes as prime minister after a vote of no-confidence within the Nationalist Party in the wake of a failed second referendum on conscription. However, due to a lack of alternative leaders, Hughes was immediately re-commissioned as prime minister by Governor-General Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson. The ministry was replaced by the Fifth Hughes ministry on 3 February 1920 following the 1919 federal election.

Walter Massy-Greene, who died in 1952, was the last surviving member of the Fourth Hughes ministry.

Nationalist Party (Australia)
The Nationalist Party, also known as the National Party, was an Australian political party. It was formed in February 1917 from a merger between the Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the latter formed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes and his supporters after the 1916 Labor Party split over World War I conscription. The Nationalist Party was established as a 'united' non-Labor opposition that had remained a political trend once the Labor party established itself in federal politics. The party  was in government (from 1923 in coalition with the Country Party) until electoral defeat in 1929. From that time it was the main opposition to the Labor Party until it merged with pro-Joseph Lyons Labor defectors to form the United Australia Party (UAP) in 1931. The party is a direct ancestor of the Liberal Party of Australia, the main centre-right party in Australia.
Open Pluggable Specification
Open Pluggable Specification (OPS) is a computing module plug-in format available for adding computing capability to flat panel displays.

The format was first announced by NEC, Intel, and Microsoft in 2010.

Computing modules in the OPS format are available on Intel- and ARM-based CPUs, running operating systems including Microsoft Windows and Google Android.

The main benefits of using OPS in digital signage are to reduce setup time and improve integration, while also reducing downtime and maintenance cost by making it extremely easy to replace the computing module in case of a failure.

NEC
NEC Corporation (日本電気株式会社, Nippon Denki Kabushiki gaisha; an acronym for the Nippon Electric Company) is a Japanese multinational information technology corporation headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) platform, and telecommunications equipment and software to business enterprises, communications services providers and to government agencies. It is one of the five largest defense contractors in Japan.

NEC was one of the world's largest personal computer and semiconductor manufacturers from the 1980s to the 2000s, but has largely withdrawn from manufacturing since the beginning of the 21st century, having spun off its PC business to Lenovo and its semiconductor business to Renesas Electronics and Elpida Memory.

NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group.
Koppies Dam Nature Reserve
Koppies Dam Nature Reserve is situated on the highveld of the Free State province of South Africa. The town of Koppies lies 55 km north of Kroonstad, just off the National road N1 and R82 between Kroonstad and Sasolburg. The nature reserve is 16 km east of the town, and is about 4719.65 ha in size. The Renoster and Elandspruit rivers are found within its borders and feed into the Koppies Dam.

N1 (South Africa)
South Africa portal

The N1 is a national route in South Africa that runs from Cape Town through Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, Pretoria and Polokwane to Beit Bridge on the border with Zimbabwe. It forms the first section of the famed Cape to Cairo Road.

Prior to 1970, the N1 designation was applied to the route from Beit Bridge to Colesberg and then along the current N9 to George. The section from Cape Town to Colesberg was designated the N9.
Denbigh Park Boat Ramp
37°7′25″N 76°34′4.6″W﻿ / ﻿37.12361°N 76.567944°W﻿ / 37.12361; -76.567944

The Denbigh Park Boat Ramp (also known simply as Denbigh Park) is a park located in the Denbigh area of Newport News, Virginia, USA. It is maintained by the Newport News Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism. It is located on 13.3 acres (54,000 m2) at the southern end of Denbigh Boulevard.

Newport News Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism
The Newport News Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism (also known as Newport News Parks) is the government agency responsible for maintaining city parks and other sites of interest to tourists and the general population within the city of Newport News, Virginia. It is under the authority of Assistant City Manager Alan Archer. The Director of Newport News Parks is Michael Poplawski.
Cy Morgan
Harry Richard "Cy" Morgan (November 10, 1878 – June 28, 1962) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox, Philadelphia Athletics and the Cincinnati Reds between 1903 and 1913. Morgan batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Pomeroy, Ohio

He helped the Athletics win the 1910 and 1911 World Series.  The 1912 Reach Guide credits him with helping carry the pitching burden for the 1911 team while stars Jack Coombs and Chief Bender were less effective than usual early in the season.

1910 World Series
The 1910 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1910 season. The seventh edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Philadelphia Athletics against the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs. The series was played from October 17 to 23, with the Athletics winning the series 4 games to 1, clinching the team's first World Series. This was the first major professional sports championship ever won by a Philadelphia-based team.

Jack Coombs of Philadelphia won three games and Eddie Collins supplied timely hitting.
Lerdelimumab
Lerdelimumab (CAT-152, intended trade name Trabio) is a human monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug targeting TGF beta 2.

It was being developed to reduce scarring after glaucoma drainage surgery. Development was stopped in late 2005 after unsuccessful trial results for that condition.

TGF beta 2
Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) is a secreted protein known as a cytokine that performs many cellular functions and has a vital role during embryonic development (alternative names: Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor, G-TSF, BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor, Polyergin, Cetermin). It is an extracellular glycosylated protein. It is known to suppress the effects of interleukin dependent T-cell tumors. There are two named isoforms of this protein, created by alternative splicing of the same gene (i.e., TGFB2).
Scotch and Wry
Scotch and Wry is a Scottish television comedy sketch show produced by BBC Scotland and starring Rikki Fulton and a revolving ensemble cast which over the years included Gregor Fisher, Tony Roper, Claire Nielson, Juliet Cadzow and John Bett.

Initially running for two series from 1978 to 1979, the show went on to become a top-rating annual Hogmanay special for over a decade. The series also gave early exposure to emerging Scottish actors such as Gerard Kelly and Miriam Margolyes. In later years, cast members from sister BBC Scotland comedy show Naked Video would also make sporadic appearances.

Juliet Cadzow
Juliet Cadzow (born 9 May 1948) is a Scottish actress. She played Edie McCredie in the children's television series Balamory, Suzie Fraser in BBC series River City and various roles in BBC series Still Game.
José Gilberto Montoya
Dr. José Gilberto Montoya is a prominent researcher known for his contributions to the field of infectious diseases, particularly in the area of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and the role of infectious agents in its development. His research has shed light on the potential involvement of pathogens and immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of CFS. He was a Professor of Medicine in Infectious Disease at the Stanford University School of Medicine, where he led Stanford's Initiative on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. He has worked on a wide variety of projects, including research focused on the efficacy of new smallpox vaccines. Additionally, he was the founder and co-director of the Immunocompromised Host Service and works at the Positive Care Clinic at Stanford. He is originally from Cali, Colombia.

Stanford University School of Medicine
The Stanford University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stanford University and is located in Stanford, California, United States. It traces its roots to the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, founded in San Francisco in 1858. This medical institution, then called Cooper Medical College, was acquired by Stanford in 1908. In 1959, the medical school moved to the Stanford campus near Palo Alto, California.

The School of Medicine, along with Stanford Health Care and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, is part of Stanford Medicine.
PK-9 Swat-VII
PK-9 Swat-VII (پی کے-9، سوات-7)  is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is currently represented in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly by Member of Provincial Assembly, Sultan e Rum.

Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which is located in Peshawar, the provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 145 seats, with 115 general seats, 26 seats reserved for women and 4 reserved for non-Muslims.
Luisi
Luisi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Luisi (born 1994), Luxembourgish footballer

Carlo Luisi (born 1977), Italian footballer

Clotilde Luisi (1882–1969), Uruguayan lawyer

Fabio Luisi (born 1959), Italian conductor

Gianluca Luisi (born 1970), Italian classical pianist

Hector Luisi (1919–2013), Uruguayan politician

James Luisi (1928–2002), American basketball player and actor

Paulina Luisi (1875–1945), Uruguayan feminist

Pier Luigi Luisi (born 1938), Italian chemist

Zebastian Lucky Luisi (born 1984), New Zealand rugby league player

Fabio Luisi
Fabio Luisi (born 17 January 1959) is an Italian conductor. He is currently principal conductor of the Danish National Symphony Orchestra, music director of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, and chief conductor of the NHK Symphony Orchestra.
Mark Blackburn (numismatist)
Mark Alistair Sinclair Blackburn, FSA, FRHistS (5 January 1953 – 1 September 2011) was a British numismatist and economic historian. He was educated at the Skinners' School in Tunbridge Wells and St Edmund Hall, Oxford. He was Keeper of Coins and Medals at Fitzwilliam Museum from 1991 to 2011, Reader in Numismatics and Monetary History at the University of Cambridge from 2004 to 2011, and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge from 2005. He was the President of the British Numismatic Society between 2004 and 2008.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
S-Line (Norfolk Southern)
The Norfolk Southern S-Line is a secondary railroad line which runs between Morristown, Tennessee and Salisbury, North Carolina.

It is operated by Norfolk Southern Railway under 2 divisions. Half of the line is within the Coastal Division and the other half is in the Central Division.

On May 8, 2020, Linwood Yard in Spencer, NC will be idling its hump and rerouting all terminating/originating trains to the surrounding yards in the area.  Due to this, the S-Line will no longer feature any through trains (trains running through the entirety of the line.  The line will, however, still feature all locals from before with either extended or additional routes.

Salisbury, North Carolina
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbɛri/ SAWLZ-ber-ee) is a city in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, United States; it has been the county seat of Rowan County since 1753 when its territory extended to the Mississippi River. Located 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Charlotte and within its metropolitan area, the town has attracted a growing population. The 2020 census shows 35,580 residents.

Salisbury is the oldest continually populated colonial town in the western region of North Carolina. It is noted for its historic preservation, with five Local Historic Districts and ten National Register Historic Districts.

Soft drink producer Cheerwine and regional supermarket Food Lion are located in Salisbury and Rack Room Shoes was founded there.
William Cole (planter)
Sir William Cole (c.1571–1653) was an English soldier and politician, who participated in the Plantation of Ulster and established a settler town at Enniskillen, County Fermanagh. Despite his initial loyalty to the Stuarts, he was a leading English Parliamentarian figure in the Irish Confederate Wars of the 1640s.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
Chilean submarine Thomson
Two submarines of the Chilean Navy have borne the name Thomson.

Chilean submarine Thomson (SS-22) a Balao-class submarine launched as USS Springer in 1944, renamed on acquisition by Chile in 1961 and serving until 1972

Chilean submarine Thomson (SS-20) a Type 209 submarine launched in 1982

USS Springer
USS Springer (SS-414) was a Balao-class submarine of the United States Navy, named after the springer, a Grampus.

Springer was laid down on 3 October 1943 at Vallejo, Calif., by the Mare Island Navy Yard; launched on 3 August 1944, sponsored by Mrs. M. S. Tisdale; and commissioned on 18 October 1944.

Springer sailed for San Diego on 3 December to conduct sea trials and shakedown training. After availability, she departed Mare Island for Hawaii on 8 January 1945 and arrived at Pearl Harbor the following week. On 4 February, she steamed to Guam; topped off her stores and oil; and, on 17 February, sailed for the Ryukyu Islands to begin her first war patrol.
John A. Fraley
John A. Fraley (born c. 1951) is a  former Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives. A business owner from Mooresville, North Carolina, he represented the 95th district (including constituents in Iredell County) from 2015 until 2021. Following his retirement from the House in 2021, Fraley was appointed to the University of North Carolina Board of Governors for a term ending in 2025.

Mooresville, North Carolina
Mooresville is a town located in the southwestern section of Iredell County, North Carolina, United States, and is a part of the fast-growing Charlotte metropolitan area. The population was 50,193 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous municipality in Iredell County. It is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of Charlotte.

Mooresville is best known as the home of many NASCAR racing teams and drivers, along with an IndyCar team and its drivers, as well as racing technology suppliers, which has earned the town the nickname "Race City USA". Also located in Mooresville is the corporate headquarters of Lowe's Corporation and Universal Technical Institute's NASCAR Technical Institute.
Squirrel Bait
Squirrel Bait was an American punk rock band from Louisville, Kentucky active from 1982 to 1988. Squirrel Bait's dense, moody, melodic hardcore sound, featuring pronounced tempo shifts, foreshadowed the grunge sound of the late 1980s as well as math rock. Squirrel Bait, along with Hüsker Dü, are often noted as precursors to the emocore ("emotional hardcore") sound that arose from the D.C. hardcore punk scene with bands like Rites of Spring, Beefeater and Fugazi.

Squirrel Bait signaled the second coming of American punk – bands of little brothers and sisters who got to grow up on Black Flag and Hüsker Dü without a preparatory course in Supertramp. ... Like a hundred other little Düs across the country, Squirrel Bait managed to make a couple of records before spintering off to form five more bands. Unlike most of that punk rock loam, the members of Squirrel Bait chewed up their legacy and shat out something curious and consequential.

Math rock
Math rock is a style of alternative and indie rock with roots in bands such as King Crimson and Rush. It is characterized by complex, atypical rhythmic structures (including irregular stopping and starting), counterpoint, odd time signatures, and extended chords. Bearing similarities to post-rock, math rock has been described as the "opposite side of the same coin". Opting for a "rockier" approach to songwriting and timbres, the style is often performed by smaller ensembles which emphasize the role of the guitar.
1998 Adana–Ceyhan earthquake
The 1998 Adana–Ceyhan earthquake occurred at 16:55 local time on 27 June with a moment magnitude of 6.3 and a maximum intensity of IX (Destructive) on the European macroseismic scale. The total economic loss was estimated at US$1 billion.

The event occurred in Cilicia region in southern Turkey and killed at least 145 people and left 1,500 people wounded and many thousands homeless in Adana, and Ceyhan, the most populous town of the Adana Province, as well as many villages located between both cities along the Ceyhan River. The most casualties and damage occurred due to inadequately engineered buildings in the town of Ceyhan.

European Macroseismic Scale
The European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) is the basis for evaluation of seismic intensity in European countries and is also used in a number of countries outside Europe. Issued in 1998 as an update of the test version from 1992, the scale is referred to as EMS-98.
F1 (video game series)
F1 is a racing video game series by Codemasters under the EA Sports banner since 2021. The series holds the official license of the FIA Formula One World Championship, with the FIA Formula 2 Championship available since the 2019 game. A total of twenty-three games have been released to date, with the series' latest installment, F1 25, released in May 2025.

Sumo Digital
Sumo Digital Ltd. is a British video game developer based in Sheffield and the principal subsidiary of Sumo Group since 2017. The company was founded in 2003 by four former members of the management team of Infogrames Studios.
Oak Hill (James Monroe house)
Oak Hill is a mansion and plantation located in Aldie, Virginia that was for twenty-two years a home of Founding Father James Monroe, the fifth U.S. President. It is located approximately nine miles (fourteen kilometers) south of Leesburg on U.S. Route 15, in an unincorporated area of Loudoun County, Virginia just north of Gilberts Corner (the intersection of 15 with U.S. Route 50). It is a National Historic Landmark. It was sold in November 2025 to the Conservation Fund.

U.S. Route 50 in Virginia
U.S. Route 50 (US 50) is a transcontinental highway which stretches from Ocean City, Maryland to West Sacramento, California. In the U.S. state of Virginia, US 50 extends 86 miles (138 km) from the border with Washington, D.C. at a Potomac River crossing at Rosslyn in Arlington County to the West Virginia state line near Gore in Frederick County.
Rufous trident bat
The rufous trident bat, Persian trident bat, or triple nose-leaf bat (Triaenops persicus) is a species of bat in the genus Triaenops. It occurs in southwestern Pakistan, southern Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Yemen. In the last country, it occurs together with the much smaller Triaenops parvus. Populations from Madagascar and mainland Africa have also been assigned to T. persicus, but are referable to the species Triaenops menamena and Triaenops afer, respectively. Madagascar populations have also been referred to as Triaenops rufus, but this name is a synonym of T. persicus.

Findings from a study incorporating morphological data and echolocation calls have suggested that populations in the Rift Valley in Kenya (Nakuru, Baringo, and Pokot counties), previously believed to be Triaenops afer, are actually populations of T. persicus, although with some differentiation from the Middle Eastern populations in terms of both cranial morphology and vocalisations.

Rift valley
A rift valley is a linear shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges produced by the action of a geologic rift. Rifts are formed as a result of the pulling apart of the lithosphere due to extensional tectonics. The linear depression may subsequently be further deepened by the forces of erosion. More generally the valley is likely to be filled with sedimentary deposits derived from the rift flanks and the surrounding areas. In many cases rift lakes are formed. One of the best known examples of this process is the East African Rift. On Earth, rifts can occur at all elevations, from the sea floor to plateaus and mountain ranges in continental crust or in oceanic crust. They are often associated with a number of adjoining subsidiary or co-extensive valleys, which are typically considered part of the principal rift valley geologically.