hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Narrow-gauge railways in China
The gauge for most of the China national railway network is standard gauge. Currently, in the national railway network, only the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Kunming–Haiphong railway uses narrow gauge. In addition, there are some industrial lines still using narrow gauge, mostly 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge or 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow gauge. As of 2003, 600+ km narrow-gauge railways, 50000+ km standard gauge railways, and 9.4 km broad gauge railways were in use in mainland China.

3 ft 6 in gauge railways
Railways with a track gauge of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways. The first intercity passenger railway to use the 3 ft 6 in gauge was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl. From the mid-nineteenth century, the gauge became widespread in the British Empire. In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, even though it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia.

There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways.
Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974
Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974 is a remix album of recordings by American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, as arranged and mixed by Bill Laswell. It is subtitled "Reconstruction and Mix Translation by Bill Laswell". The album was released on February 16, 1998, by Sony Records.

It contains compositions from Davis's prior albums, including In a Silent Way (1969), On the Corner (1972), and Get Up With It (1974); combined with elements of ambient music and chill music. The album was composed as a dark, continuous tone poem divided by four sections of Davis' jazz fusion recordings.

Panthalassa received generally positive reviews from music critics and sold well, charting at number four on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums.

Bob Belden
James Robert Belden (October 31, 1956 – May 20, 2015) was an American saxophonist, arranger, composer, bandleader, and producer.
As a producer, he was mostly associated with the remastering of recordings by trumpeter Miles Davis for Columbia Records.
Hutton Grammar School
Hutton Grammar School is an 11–18 boys voluntary aided, state-funded Church of England comprehensive day school. It is located 3 miles (4.8 km) south west of Preston, Lancashire, in Hutton, England. It provides education for boys from the age of 11 to 16, and in the Sixth Form (since 1979) for both boys and girls.

The school no longer offers boarding. The school is ranked 5th in the league tables in the North-West and 2nd place for AS-A2 results. It was also the Lancashire Rugby School of the Year, for two years running, for 2007 and 2008. Hutton has also achieved Specialist Schools Status accreditation in Mathematics and Computing.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
2014 Russia Open Grand Prix
The 2014 Russia Open Grand Prix was the thirteenth grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Sports Hall Olympic, Vladivostok, Russia July 22 until July 27, 2014 and had a total purse of US$50,000.

Vladimir Ivanov (badminton)
Vladimir Alexandrovich Ivanov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Иванов; born 3 July 1987) is a Russian badminton player. He was the champion at the 2014 and 2021 European Championships, and also the 2016 All England Open partnering with Ivan Sozonov. They made history by becoming the first Russian pair to win the men's doubles title in each of those events. Ivanov competed at the 2012,  2016, and 2020 Summer Olympics.
Duran (glass)
DURAN is a brand name for the internationally defined borosilicate glass 3.3 (DIN ISO 3585) produced by the German company DURAN Group GmbH since 2005 under license from the Schott AG, which was the first to develop it, and which sold it from 1893 until the equity carve-out of the DURAN Group in 2005. Because of its high resistance to heat and temperature changes, as well as its high mechanical strength and low coefficient of thermal expansion, DURAN, which Pyrex from Corning is similar to, is not only used for laboratory devices (e.g. components of chemical devices, beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, etc.) but also in cathode-ray tubes, transmitting tubes, and speculums.

This glass was developed by Otto Schott in 1887. In 1938 the brand DURAN was subscribed at the Reichspatentamt and registered in 1943.

Beaker (laboratory equipment)
In laboratory equipment, a beaker is generally a cylindrical container with a flat bottom. Most also have a small spout (or "beak") to aid pouring, as shown in the picture. Beakers are available in a wide range of sizes, from one milliliter up to several liters. A beaker is distinguished from a flask by having straight rather than sloping sides. The exception to this definition is a slightly conical-sided beaker called a Philips beaker.  The beaker shape in general drinkware is similar.

Beakers are commonly made of glass (today usually borosilicate glass), but can also be in metal (such as stainless steel or aluminum) or certain plastics (notably polythene, polypropylene, PTFE). A common use for polypropylene beakers is gamma spectral analysis of liquid and solid samples.
The River (2001 film)
The River (Finnish: Joki) is a 2001 Finnish film directed by Jarmo Lampela. It is a story of the people of a small town faced with choices, when the events (six parallel stories) take place on an autumn Saturday morning. The film was Finland's submission to the 74th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.

2001 in film
The year 2001 in film involved some significant events, including the first installments of the Harry Potter, Fast & Furious, Spy Kids, Monsters, Inc. and Shrek franchises, and The Lord of the Rings and Ocean's trilogies. Significant non-English language films released included Monsoon Wedding, Amélie and Spirited Away. There was one film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, that passed over $1 billion in a re-release of 2020.

The inaugural entries of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film franchises prompted a shift in both the film and literary communities by propelling fantasy into mainstream culture, popularising young adult novels, and reforming the blockbuster to promote film franchises and cater to fandom communities.
David S. Terry
David Smith Terry (March 8, 1823 – August 14, 1889) was an American politician and jurist who served as the fourth chief justice of the Supreme Court of California; he was an author of the state's 1879 Constitution.

Terry killed U.S. Senator David C. Broderick in a duel in 1859. On August 14, 1889, Terry attacked Associate Supreme Court Justice Stephen J. Field and was shot and killed by Deputy U.S. Marshal David Neagle.

Bowie knife
A Bowie knife (/ˈbuːi/ BOO-ee) is a pattern of fixed-blade fighting knives created by Rezin Bowie in the early 19th century for his brother James Bowie, who had become famous for his use of a large knife at a duel known as the Sandbar Fight.

Since its first incarnation, the Bowie knife has incorporated several recognizable and characteristic design features. However, in common usage, the term refers to any large sheath knife with a crossguard and a clip point, although there are exceptions and special cases. The knife pattern is still popular with collectors; in addition to various knife manufacturing companies, hundreds of custom knifemakers produce Bowie knives with different types of steel and variations in style.
Ryan Village, Minnesota
Ryan Village is an unincorporated community in Cass County, Minnesota, United States, within the Bowstring State Forest and the Chippewa National Forest. It is located between Cass Lake and Bena along U.S. Highway 2. The village is within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation.

Chippewa National Forest
Chippewa National Forest is a national forest located in north central Minnesota, United States, in the counties of Itasca, Cass and Beltrami. Forest headquarters are located in Cass Lake, Minnesota. There are local ranger district offices in Blackduck, Deer River and Walker.
Yar Zar Nay Win
Yar Zar Nay Win (Burmese: ရာဇာနေဝင်း; pronounced [jàzà nè wɪ́ɰ̃]; also spelt Yaza Ne Win, born 1968) is a Burmese film actor and singer. He was one of the most successful leading men of Burmese cinema during the first half of the 2000s.

Ne Win comes from a well known artistic family. He is the son of two-time Myanmar Academy Award winning Kawleikgyin Ne Win, and the elder brother of famous singer Hayma Ne Win and a first cousin of Eindra Kyaw Zin, one of the most successful models and leading ladies of Burmese cinema. His maternal grandfather was Bo Zeya, one of the Thirty Comrades that founded the modern Burmese Army in 1941.

Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards
The Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards are presented annually to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Burmese Film Industry of Myanmar. The awards ceremony has been held annually since 1952. Each winner is presented with a golden statue and in recent years also a cash prize.
17th Battalion (Parachute), Royal Malay Regiment
The 17th Battalion (Parachute), Royal Malay Regiment (Malay: Batalion ke-17, Rejimen Askar Melayu Diraja (Payung Terjun)), abbreviated 17 RAMD (Para) from its local name, is a battalion-sized airborne infantry unit of the Malaysian Army's Royal Malay Regiment. Since 10 October 1994, 17 RAMD has been a part of the 10th Parachute Brigade.

The current commander of the 17 RAMD (Para) is Lieutenant Colonel Andy Herman Rahimi.

Royal Malay Regiment
The Royal Malay Regiment (Malay: Rejimen Askar Melayu DiRaja; Jawi: ريجيمن عسکر ملايو دراج‎) is the premier unit of the Malaysian Army's three infantry regiments. At its largest, the Malay Regiment comprised 27 battalions. At present, three battalions are parachute trained and form part of the Malaysian Army Rapid Deployment Force. Another three battalions have been converted into mechanised infantry battalions while the remaining battalions are standard light infantry. The 1st Battalion Royal Malay Regiment acts as the ceremonial foot guards battalion for the King of Malaysia, and is usually accompanied by the Central Band of the Royal Malay Regiment. As its name suggests, the regiment only recruits ethnic Malays.
2018 Båstad Challenger – Doubles
Tuna Altuna and Václav Šafránek were the defending champions but only Altuna chose to defend his title, partnering Elias Ymer. Altuna lost in the first round to Julio Peralta and Horacio Zeballos.

Harri Heliövaara and Henri Laaksonen won the title after defeating Zdeněk Kolář and Gonçalo Oliveira 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Václav Šafránek
Václav Šafránek (born 20 May 1994) is a former Czech tennis player.

Šafránek has a career-high ATP singles ranking of 191 achieved on 6 November 2017. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of 286 achieved on 18 September 2017. Šafránek has won one ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2017 Båstad Challenger.
Lubná (Svitavy District)
Lubná is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

Lubná lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) west of Svitavy, 43 km (27 mi) south-east of Pardubice, and 133 km (83 mi) east of Prague.

Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region (Czech: Pardubický kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It is named after its capital Pardubice. As an administrative unit, Pardubice Region has existed three times in the course of history. It was established for the first time in 1850, and extended from Český Brod to the Bohemian-Moravian border. In its second existence, it was one of 19 regions as they were set between 1949 and 1960. After 1960, Pardubice became the capital of Pardubice district, which was part of the Eastern Bohemian Region (capital Hradec Králové). The Pardubice Region, as it is now, was reestablished in 2000.
Cowplain
Cowplain is a village located north of Waterlooville, Hampshire, in South East England. According to the 2011 United Kingdom census, Cowplain is reported to have a population of 9,353, which constitutes 7% of the total population of the Borough of Havant. The village is spread along the A3 road connecting London to Portsmouth.

Wecock Farm
Wecock Farm is a 1970s council estate on the western edges of Waterlooville originally built by Portsmouth City Council.  Its lineage can be traced back to the 16th century and is described as 'a place called Wycock' in 1591.
Normetal caldera
The Normetal caldera is an Archean volcano in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of western Quebec, Canada. It is one of seven Archean calderas forming an alignment along the Ontario–Quebec border, all of which are within the Abitibi greenstone belt. It is bounded on the north by the 2735-million-year-old Gemini caldera and on the south by the 2730-million-year-old Hunter Mine caldera. The Normetal caldera has an age of 2725 million years, having formed by collapse of a broad subaqueous shield volcano.

Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano. Repeated eruptions result in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.

Shield volcanoes are found wherever fluid, low-silica lava reaches the surface of a rocky planet. However, they are most characteristic of ocean island volcanism associated with hot spots or with continental rift volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as Mauna Loa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System, including Olympus Mons on Mars and Sapas Mons on Venus.
Marunji
Marunji is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India.

It is mainly known for the Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park (which also extends to adjacent Maan and Hinjawadi). Hinjawadi Industries Association (HIA) was formed to provide a joint forum to all stakeholders based out of Hinjawadi and took care of the surrounding area of Marunji.

Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are Vadgaon railway station and Begdewadi railway station. Proposed Line 3 of Pune Metro will pass form Shivaji Chowk on Hinjawadi-Marunji Road.

Mumbai Suburban district
Mumbai Suburban district (Marathi: Mumbai Upanagar Jilhā) is the second most populous district of Maharashtra in the Konkan Division. With its administrative headquarters in Bandra, the district consists of three subdivisions or tehsils (townships): Kurla, Andheri, and Borivali. The district along with Mumbai City district and other suburban localities make up Greater Mumbai. The district occupies an area of 446 km2 on Salsette Island.

This is the second smallest district of Maharashtra, and the jurisdiction of Mumbai Suburban district extends from Bandra to Dahisar, from Kurla to Mulund, and from Kurla up to Trombay creek. The district is one of the largest in the country by population. The current population is 9,356,962, according to the 2011 census of India, making it the fifth most populous district in India (out of 672). The Mithi River is the main river in the district.
Tom Bachtell
Tom Bachtell is a self-taught artist who is an illustrator and caricaturist for The New Yorker's Talk of the Town as well as other sections, contributing regularly for 23 years. He has done work for Entertainment Weekly, Newsweek, Forbes, Bon Appétit, Town & Country, Mother Jones, New York, Poetry, the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Observer and London's Evening Standard as well as Marshall Field, Lands' End and the chamber-music series at the University of Chicago as part of his ad-campaign clientele. His brush-and-ink style is considered to be reminiscent of American cartoonists from the 1920s and 1930s. He was a finalist for the 18th Lambda Literary Awards as illustrator along with editor Robert Trachtenberg for the book When I Knew under the Belles Lettres category.

Bon Appétit
Bon Appétit is a monthly American food and entertaining magazine, that typically contains recipes, entertaining ideas, restaurant recommendations, and wine reviews. Owned by Condé Nast, it is headquartered at the One World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York, and has been in publication since 1956. Bon Appétit has been recognized for increasing its online presence in recent years through the use of social media, publishing recipes on their website, and maintaining a popular YouTube channel.
Nicole de La Chesnaye
Nicole de La Chesnaye (fl. 1507) was a French author of the early 16th century best known for the morality play La Condamnation de Banquet.

His play was adapted as a sharp farce La Mort de Souper by Roger Semichon in 1913 and performed in Paris in 1922 with music by Jeanne Herscher-Clément.

Morality play
The morality play is a genre of medieval and early Tudor drama.  The term is used by scholars of literary and dramatic history to refer to a genre of play texts from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries that feature personified concepts (most often virtues and vices, but sometimes practices or habits) alongside angels and demons, who are engaged in a struggle to persuade a protagonist who represents a generic human character toward either good or evil.  The common story arc of these plays follows "the temptation, fall and redemption of the protagonist".
Marinerang Pilipina Lady Skippers
The Marinerang Pilipina Lady Skippers were a women's volleyball team in the Philippines. The team competed in the Philippine Super Liga (PSL) from 2019 to 2020, debuting in the 2019 All-Filipino Conference. It was affiliated with the Marinerong Pilipino Skippers men's basketball team in the PBA D-League.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 season of the PSL was cancelled. Prior to the beginning of 2021 season, the team, along with two other member teams took an indefinite leave of absence from the league. The Lady Skippers were one of the PSL teams that did not make jump to the professional Premier Volleyball League (PVL).

2019 Philippine Super Liga All-Filipino Conference
The 2019 Philippine Super Liga All-Filipino Conference was the 18th indoor volleyball conference of the Philippine Super Liga, the third conference of the 2019 season, and the 23rd conference overall. The games began on June 15, 2019, at the Filoil Flying V Centre, San Juan.
Norwegian National Youth Orchestra
The Norwegian National Youth Orchestra (Norwegian: Ungdomssymfonikerne) is the national youth orchestra of Norway, founded 1973 in Oslo.

The orchestra has played with conductors and soloists including Juanjo Mena, Vasily Petrenko, Christian Vásquez, Andrew Manze, Leif Ove Andsnes, Truls Mørk, Solveig Kringlebotn, Håkan Hardenberger, Barbara Hendricks, Henning Kraggerud, Håvard Gimse, Arve Tellefsen, Elisabeth Norberg-Schulz and Ole Edvard Antonsen. It has appeared at Young Euro Classic numerous times.

It is a member of the European Federation of National Youth Orchestras.

Leif Ove Andsnes
Leif Ove Andsnes (Norwegian pronunciation: [læɪf ˈûːvə ˈɑ̂nsneːs]; born 7 April 1970) is a Norwegian pianist and chamber musician. Andsnes has made several recordings for Virgin and EMI. In 2012, he signed with Sony Classical, and recorded for the label the "Beethoven Journey" project, which included the five piano concertos with the Mahler Chamber Orchestra. The works were recorded over three years, beginning with Nos. 1 and 3 in 2012, followed by Nos. 2 and 4 in 2013 and the Fifth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy in 2014. He is represented by IMG.
Countryman (surname)
Countryman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

B. W. Countryman (1867–1946), American politician

Carl Countryman (1946–2006), American audio engineer

Dana Countryman (born 1954), American electronic musician

Dayton Countryman (1918–2011), American politician

Edward Countryman (1944–2025), American historian

Gratia Countryman (1866–1953), American librarian

John R. Countryman (1933–2024), American child actor, and career officer for the United States Foreign Service

Peter J. Countryman (1942–1992), American social activist and civil rights leader

Rick Countryman (born 1957), American jazz saxophonist

Robbie Countryman, American television director

Thomas M. Countryman (born 1957), American diplomat

Vern Countryman (1917–1999), American legal scholar

Peter J. Countryman
Peter J. Countryman (April 13, 1942 – October 15, 1992) was an American social activist and civil rights leader. He founded the Northern Student Movement at Yale University in 1961 and served as its executive director until 1963. Born in Chicago, Countryman directed a tutorial project in Philadelphia aimed at helping minority teenagers. He was one of the founders in 1967 of People for Human Rights, an interracial Philadelphia-area group. In 1970, he visited Cuba with the Venceremos Brigade. He contracted HIV/AIDS through IV drug use and died in West Lafayette, Indiana.
Freedomland (film)
Freedomland is a 2006 American crime drama mystery film directed by Joe Roth and starring Samuel L. Jackson, Julianne Moore, Edie Falco, Ron Eldard, William Forsythe, Aunjanue Ellis, and Anthony Mackie. It is based on Richard Price's 1998 novel of the same name, which touches on themes of covert racism. The film performed poorly at the box office, grossing $14.7 million against a $30 million budget, and received mixed-to-negative reviews.

William Forsythe (actor)
William  Forsythe (born June 7, 1955) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of tough-guy, criminal characters, and has starred in films such as Once Upon a Time in America (1984), Raising Arizona (1987), Dick Tracy (1990), American Me (1992), Gotti (1996), The Rock (1996), Blue Streak (1999), Blue Hill Avenue (2001), and The Devil's Rejects (2005). He has also played recurring characters in television series such as Boardwalk Empire (2010) and Justified (2010).

Forsythe was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance in the indie film The Waterdance.