hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biology & Philosophy
Biology & Philosophy is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles about philosophy of biology, broadly understood to span conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues in the biological sciences.

The journal was founded by Michael Ruse in 1986, edited by him from 1986 to 2000, then edited by Kim Sterelny from 2000 to 2016, and it is currently edited by Michael Weisberg. It is published by Springer.

Biology and Philosophy provided a forum for a new breed of philosopher who regarded biology as a different type of science that need not and indeed should not be compared to physics. (David Sloan Wilson)

David Sloan Wilson
David Sloan Wilson (born 1949) is an American evolutionary biologist and a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences and Anthropology at Binghamton University. He is a son of author Sloan Wilson, a co-founder of Evolution Institute and a co-founder of Prosocial World. He has studied social evolution in Binghamton.
Off the Record (Ive song)
"Off the Record" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Ive. It was released by Starship Entertainment as the second single from the group's first Korean extended play I've Mine on October 6, 2023.

Starship Entertainment
Starship Entertainment (Korean: 스타쉽 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company founded in 2008 and became an independent subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment in 2013. It is called one of the "five major agencies" in the Korean music industry.

It has been recognized for its contributions to the Hallyu Wave, being home to several prominent K-pop groups and soloists. These include groups such as Monsta X, WJSN, Cravity, Ive, KiiiKiii, and Idid and soloists such as K.Will and Brother Su, as well as formerly home to Sistar, Boyfriend, Junggigo, Mad Clown, Jooyoung, Soyou, Yoo Seung-woo, Jeong Se-woon, and DJ Soda. It also manages actors under King Kong by Starship.
Natella
Natela or Natella (Georgian: ნათელა; Cyrillic: Нателла) is a Georgian feminine given name, derived from the word nateli (ნათელი), meaning "light, bright". According to the Public Service Hall, it is among the top ten most common Georgian given names for females. Notable people with the given name include:

Natella Akaba (born 1945), Abkhazian historian and politician

Natella Boltyanskaya (born 1965), Russian journalist, singer-songwriter, poet and radio host

Natela Dzalamidze (born 1993), Russian-Georgian tennis player

Natela Iankoshvili (1918–2008), Georgian painter

Natella Krapivina (born 1982), Ukrainian film producer

Natella Krasnikova (born 1953), Russian field hockey player

Natela Nicoli (born 1961), Georgian operatic singer

Natela Svanidze (1926–2017), Georgian composer

Natela Turnava (born 1968), Georgian politician

Natela Svanidze
Natela Svanidze  (Georgian: ნათელა დამიანეს ასული სვანიძე, Natela Damien asuli Svanidze; Russian: Натела Дамиановна Сванидзе, Natela Damianovna Svanidze; 4 September 1926 – 17 November 2017) was a Georgian composer.
Short-track speed skating at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Short-track speed skating at the 2003 Winter Asian Games took place at the Misawa Ice Arena located in Misawa, Aomori Prefecture, Japan from 6 to 7 February 2003 with ten events contested — five each for men and women.

Misawa, Aomori
Misawa (三沢市, Misawa-shi) is a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2025, the city had an estimated population of 37,065 in 19557 households, and a population density of 310 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 119.87 square kilometers (46.28 sq mi).

Misawa is the location of a large military base, Misawa Air Base, which is under joint operation of the United States Air Force's 35th Fighter Wing, Naval Air Facility, and Japan Air Self-Defense Force's 3rd Fighter Wing. It is also an important US base for signals intelligence and related activities. The city population figures do not include the estimated 10,000 American military personnel and their dependents stationed at Misawa Air Base.
2025 Kyotec Open – Doubles
Alevtina Ibragimova and Lian Tran were the reigning champions, but chose not to participate this year.

Emily Appleton and Magali Kempen won the title, defeating Yvonne Cavallé Reimers and Angelica Moratelli in the final; 6–3, 3–6, [10–6]

Lian Tran
Lian Tran (born 19 July 2002) is a Dutch tennis player.

Tran has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of 329, achieved on 14 July 2025, and a best doubles ranking of world No. 174, achieved on 13 October 2025.

Tran has a career-high ITF juniors ranking of No. 303, achieved on 31 December 2018.

Her family is originally from Vietnam. Her older sister Demi Tran is also a tennis player. They moved to the Netherlands with their family at a young age. She started playing tennis at the age of four with the guidance of her family.
Chapel of Saint Pavel of Taganrog
The Chapel of Saint Pavel of Taganrog (Russian: Часовня Павла Таганрогского) is a place of worship, which is located at Street Lagerny, 2, in Taganrog, Rostov Region. The chapel was first erected in 1905 at the burial place of Pavel Pavlovich Stozhkov. The religious denomination of the chapel is orthodox.

Religious denomination
A religious denomination is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name and tradition, among other activities.
The term refers to the various Christian denominations (for example, non-Chalcedonian, Eastern Orthodox, Catholic, and the branches of Protestantism, such as Lutheranism). It is also used to describe the five major branches of Judaism (Karaite Judaism, Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist). Within Islam, it can refer to the branches or sects (such as Sunni and Shia), as well as their various subdivisions, such as sub-sects, schools of jurisprudence, schools of theology and religious movements.

The world's largest religious denomination is Sunni Islam.
Robert Tyler (American football)
Robert Tyler (born October 12, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Seattle Seahawks, who selected him in the eighth round of the 1988 NFL draft with the 215th overall pick. He played college football for the South Carolina State Bulldogs.

1988 NFL draft
The 1988 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 24–25, 1988, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the Atlanta Falcons selected linebacker Aundray Bruce. Notably, the first player selected at the quarterback position did not come until the third round (68th overall) with Tom Tupa (by the Phoenix Cardinals), who was also selected because of his ability as a punter. This is the last draft in which the first quarterback was selected this late.  In fact, only one draft since – 1996 – has gone without a quarterback being drafted in the first round!
Rowland K. Adams
Rowland K. Adams (July 10, 1889 – July 30, 1944) was a justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state of Maryland, from 1943 to 1944.

Born in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, Adams moved with his family to Boonsboro, Maryland in 1895, where he attended Hagerstown High School. Adams graduated from St. John's College in Annapolis in 1911, and from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1914.

Adams served stateside as a captain of infantry in the First World War, and was later a deputy state's attorney and a member of the Baltimore city supreme bench. During World War II, on March 26, 1942, Adams was appointed director of the Third Civilian Defense Region. On January 27, 1943, Governor Herbert O'Conor appointed Adams to a vacancy on the Maryland Court of Appeals caused by the death of Chief Judge Carroll T. Bond, and subsequent elevation of Judge D. Lindley Sloan to the position of Chief Judge.

Waynesboro, Pennsylvania
Waynesboro (/ˈweɪnzbʌroʊ/) is a borough in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located on the southern border of the state, Waynesboro is in the Cumberland Valley between Hagerstown, Maryland, and Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.  It is part of Chambersburg, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. It is two miles north of the Mason–Dixon line and close to Camp David and the Raven Rock Mountain Complex.

The population within the borough limits was 10,951 at the 2020 census. When combined with the surrounding Washington and Quincy Townships, the population of greater Waynesboro is 31,166.  The Waynesboro Area School District serves a resident population of 33,182, according to 2020 federal census data.
William Owens (Canadian politician)
William Owens (May 15, 1840 – June 8, 1917) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Stonefield, County of Argenteuil, Canada East, the son of Owen Owens and Charlotte Lindley, Owens was a lieutenant in the Active Militia. He was also mayor, councillor and postmaster of the Township of Chatham. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the 1881 Quebec general election as the Conservative candidate in the riding of  Argenteuil. He was acclaimed in 1886 and re-elected in 1890. He resigned in 1891. He was appointed to the Senate on the advice of Mackenzie Bowell representing the senatorial division of Inkerman, Quebec on January 2, 1896. A Conservative, he served 21 years until his death in 1917.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Sini Karjalainen
Sini Karjalainen (born 30 January 1999) is a Finnish ice hockey player for Skellefteå AIK of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) and a member of the Finnish national team. She played college ice hockey at Vermont.

Finland women's national ice hockey team
The Finnish women's national ice hockey team represents Finland at the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Women's World Championships, the Olympic Games, the Four Nations Cup, and other international-level women's ice hockey competitions. The women's national team is overseen by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association and its general manager is Tuula Puputti. Finland's national women's program is ranked third in the world by the IIHF and had 5,858 active players as of 2019.
Chung-Shan Building
The Chung-Shan Building (Chinese: 中山樓; pinyin: Zhōngshān Lóu) is part of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall complex. Completed in 1966, the building is located in the Yangmingshan National Park in Taipei, Taiwan. The building is placed on the reverse of the 100 New Taiwan Dollar bill. The building was used as the meeting venue of the National Assembly and off limits to the general public until the National Assembly's suspension in 2005, and now serves as a location for hosting ceremonies by the President of the Republic of China for state visits and conferences.

President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Before 1949 the position had the authority of ruling over mainland China, but losing control of it after communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, the remaining jurisdictions of the ROC have been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Originally elected by the National Assembly, the presidency was intended to be a ceremonial office with no real executive power because the ROC was originally envisioned as a parliamentary republic. Since the 1996 election however, the president has been directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with incumbents limited to serving two terms. The current president is Lai Ching-te of the Democratic Progressive Party, preceded by Tsai Ing-wen from the same party.
Justin Burnette
Justin Burnette (born October 1, 1981) is an American former child actor, active between 1988 and 1998. He was nominated for the Young Artist Awards five times. He is the brother of actress Olivia Burnette.

Young Artist Award
The Young Artist Award (originally known as the Youth in Film Award) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Foundation, an American nonprofit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers, and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable.

First presented in 1979, the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film, television, theater, and music.

The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979, at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season.
Cassarino
Cassarino is a Sicilian surname, either derived from the town of Cassaro or from cassaru, "box- or case-maker". Notable people with the surname include:

Mathias Gallo Cassarino (born 1992), Italian Muay Thai fighter

Primo Cassarino (born 1956), American mobster

Stacie Cassarino (born 1975), American poet, educator and editor

Cassaro, Sicily
Cassaro (Italian: [ˈkassaro]; Sicilian: U Càssaru, locally U Càssuru) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Syracuse, in the Italiani region of Sicily. The name of Cassaro probably derives from the Latin word castrum, meaning 'castle', 'fort' or 'military camp', 'castle', via Arabic qaṣr (قصر). Cassaro is 52 kilometres (32 mi) from Ragusa and 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the city of Siracusa. Cassaro has 859 inhabitants.
Intercultural Garden
Intercultural Gardens is a project of the German Association of International Gardens (Internationale Gärten e.V.), resident in Göttingen. The project has the goal to further intercultural competence and racial integration.

Cultural competence
Cultural competence, also known as intercultural competence, is a range of cognitive, affective, behavioral, and linguistic skills that lead to effective and appropriate communication with people of other cultures. Intercultural or cross-cultural education are terms used for the training to achieve cultural competence.
Kletnya
Kletnya (Russian: Клетня) is an urban-type settlement and the administrative centre of Kletnyansky District, in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Nadva River (Dnieper basin), 99 km west of the city of Bryansk. It is the final railway station on the branch line that connects Kletnya with Zhukovka, 43 km away, where it joins the main line between Bryansk and Smolensk. Population: 11,947 (2021 census); 13,313 (2010 census); 13,936 (2002 census); 14,258 (1989 Soviet census).

Bryansk
Bryansk (Russian: Брянск, IPA: [brʲansk] Audio file "Ru-Bryansk.wav" not found) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the Desna River, 379 kilometers (235 mi) southwest of Moscow. It has a population of 379,152 at the 2021 census.

Bryansk is one of the oldest cities in the oblast, with 985 regarded as the year of foundation. It was part of the Kievan Rus', Mongol Empire and Lithuania during the medieval period, then was contested by Moscow and Poland–Lithuania in the early modern period, before ultimately passing to Russia, within which it was a major regional trading center.
Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors
The Mughal Emperors who ruled South Asia from 1526 to 1857 used titles in the Arabic, Persian and Chagatai languages. Sons of the emperors usually used the titles Shahzada and Mirza. The emperors used various titles such as Sultan, Shahanshah, Khan, Badshah, Ghazi, and various others.

Chagatai language
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc. Chagatai is the direct ancestor of the Uzbek and Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively, were nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.
River View, Alabama
River View is a subdivision of Valley, Alabama on the Chattahoochee River.  On May 20, 1980, the communities of Shawmut, Langdale, Fairfax, and River View merged to form the city of Valley.  It is the location of Riverview Historic District, which is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River (/ˌtʃætəˈhuːtʃi/) is a river in the Southeastern United States. It forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida and Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River, a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is about 430 miles (690 km) long. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers together make up the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACF River Basin). The Chattahoochee makes up the largest part of the ACF's drainage basin.
Iron Lynx
Iron Lynx Motorsport Lab is an Italian auto racing team founded by Andrea Piccini, Deborah Mayer, Claudio Schiavoni and Sergio Pianezzola. The team is based in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna. They primarily participate in sports car racing, and are a sister team of both Iron Dames and Prema Racing under the DC Racing Solutions parent company. Iron Lynx were formerly partnered with Lamborghini in operating their Lamborghini SC63 LMDh prototype.

Cesena
Cesena (Italian: [tʃeˈzɛːna]; Romagnol: Cisêna) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy; and - with Forlì - is the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena. Served by Autostrada A14, and located near the Apennine Mountains, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) from the Adriatic Sea. The total population is 97,137.
Supraślanka Supraśl
Miejski Klub Sportowy Supraślanka Supraśl is a football club from Supraśl, Poland. It was founded in 1934. They're currently playing in Klasa A, the seventh level of competition.

Supraślanka participated in the qualifying round of the 2005–06 Polish Cup, where the club lost to OKS 1945 Olsztyn, and in the preliminary round of the 2008–09 Polish Cup, where they lost to Lechia Gdańsk II.

Stomil Olsztyn S.A.
Stomil Olsztyn S.A., historically known and played under the names OKS 1945 Olsztyn and OKS Stomil Olsztyn, is a Polish football club based in Olsztyn. In the 2025–26 season, they will compete in the IV liga Warmia-Masuria after suffering their third relegation in four seasons.

Founded on 15 July 1945 as OKS Warmiak, the club had its brightest era in the 1990s, when it played in the Polish top flight. Between 2004 and 2012, the team was known as OKS 1945 Olsztyn, then also as OKS Stomil Olsztyn.
Frederik Marcus Knuth (politician)
Frederik Marcus Knuth, 5th Count of Knuthenborg S.K. (11 January 1813 – 8 January 1856) was a Danish aristocrat, landowner, civil servant and politician.

A member of the Knuth family, he was educated at home and later at the University of Copenhagen. From 1847 to 1848 he served as amtmand in Sorø Amt. After the introduction of the constitutional monarchy in 1848, Knuth served as the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of Denmark from March to November 1848. From November 1848, he was member of The Danish Constituent Assembly (Danish: Den Grundlovgivende Rigsforsamling) as one of the members appointed by the king.

With the title of enfeoffed count (Danish: lensgreve), he was the fifth holder of the County of Knuthenborg on the island of Lolland from 1818 to 1856.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
Swaraj Mukherjee
Swaraj Mukherjee (1941/42 – 6 April 2003) was an Indian politician belonging to Trinamool Congress. He was elected as a legislator of West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Uttarpara in 2001. He died on 6 April 2003 at the age of 61.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Bjørvika Line
The Bjørvika Line is a tram line that runs through both Sentrum and Gamleby in Oslo. It opened as a rerouting of the Gamleby Line. The former route was closed down on the same day of this line's opening. It has two stops, Bjørvika and Middelalderparken. It runs along Dronning Eufemias gate and Bispegata, instead of through Schweigaards gate and Munkegata. It is served by lines 13 and 19. Line 13 operates between Bekkestua and Ljabru, while Line 19 operates between Majorstuen and Ljabru.

Gamleby
Gamleby is the second largest locality situated in Västervik Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 2,775 inhabitants in 2010. It is situated about 20 km north-west of Västervik, in the area known as Tjust.

Gamleby (which means "old village") was the original location of the town Västervik, first mentioned in 1275 (as Västervik). In 1433 Västervik moved to its present place, but a small settlement remained here.

The bandy and football club Tjust IF has its home in Gamleby.