hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lorraine Foster
Lorraine Lois Foster (December 25, 1938, Culver City, California) is an American mathematician. In 1964 she became the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics from  California Institute of Technology. Her thesis advisor at Caltech was Olga Taussky-Todd. Foster's Erdos number is 2.

Born Lorraine Lois Turnbull, she attended Occidental College where she majored in physics. She was admitted to Caltech after receiving a Woodrow Wilson Foundation fellowship. In 1964 she joined the faculty of California State University, Northridge. She works in number theory and the theory of mathematical symmetry.

Symmetry in mathematics
Symmetry occurs not only in geometry, but also in other branches of mathematics. Symmetry is a type of invariance: the property that a mathematical object remains unchanged under a set of operations or transformations.

Given a structured object X of any sort, a symmetry is a mapping of the object onto itself which preserves the structure. This can occur in many ways; for example, if X is a set with no additional structure, a symmetry is a bijective map from the set to itself, giving rise to permutation groups. If the object X is a set of points in the plane with its metric structure or any other metric space, a symmetry is a bijection of the set to itself which preserves the distance between each pair of points (i.e., an isometry).

In general, every kind of structure in mathematics will have its own kind of symmetry, many of which are listed in the given points mentioned above.
North Petherwin
North Petherwin is a civil parish and village in the ceremonial county of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated five miles (8.0 km) northwest of Launceston on a ridge above the River Ottery valley.

North Petherwin is a rural parish within the historic boundaries of Devon, responsibility for its administration having been transferred to Cornwall by the abolition of Broadwoodwidger Rural District by the Local Government Commission for England in 1966. Historically, the Dukes of Bedford have been major land owners in the parish. As well as the church town, settlements include Hellescott, Brazacott, and Maxworthy. The hamlets of Petherwin Gate and Daws are close to the village.

River Ottery
The River Ottery (Cornish: Otri) is a small river in northeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The river is about twenty miles (32 km) long from its source southeast of Otterham to its confluence with the River Tamar at Nether Bridge, two miles (3.2 km) northeast of Launceston.

The headwaters of the River Ottery are within the civil parish of Otterham but formerly came under the parish of Forrabury and Minster. In 1311, the rector of that parish wrote: "..the river Ottery takes its rise in this parish and flows to Canworthy Water and so by Yeolmbridge to the river Tamar."
Listed buildings in Arthington
Arthington is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.  It contains 17 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Arthington and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings consist of a railway viaduct, a church, and a former wagon house.

City of Leeds
The City of Leeds, also known officially as Leeds, is a metropolitan borough with city status in West Yorkshire, England. It occupies the north east of the county and includes Leeds and its surrounding towns, including Wetherby, Garforth, Morley, and Otley. The borough had an estimated population of 845,189 in 2024, making it the second largest district in England by population after Birmingham.

The borough was created in 1974 as part of a reform of local government in England. It is one of five metropolitan boroughs within the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, which was created at the same time. Local government was shared between Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council until 1985, when the county council was abolished and the city council took on its responsibilities. The city council is a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority, a strategic body for the county.
Pharusian Ocean
The Pharusian Ocean (/fəˈruːziən/; fuh-ROO-zee-uhn) is an ancient ocean that existed on Earth from 800 to 635 million years ago, between the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent and the start of formation of the Pannotia supercontinent.

Pannotia
Pannotia (from Greek: pan-, "all", -nótos, "south"; meaning "all southern land"), also known as the Vendian supercontinent, Greater Gondwana, and the Pan-African supercontinent, was a relatively short-lived Neoproterozoic supercontinent that formed at the end of the Precambrian during the Pan-African orogeny (650–500 Ma), during the Cryogenian period, and broke apart 560 Ma with the opening of the Iapetus Ocean, in the late Ediacaran and early Cambrian.
Pannotia formed when Laurentia was located adjacent to the two major South American cratons, Amazonia and Río de la Plata. The opening of the Iapetus Ocean separated Laurentia from Baltica, Amazonia, and Río de la Plata. A 2022 paper argues that Pannotia never fully existed, reinterpreting the geochronological evidence: "the supposed landmass had begun to break up well before it was fully assembled". However, the assembly of the next supercontinent Pangaea is well established.
Three Illusions for Orchestra
Three Illusions for Orchestra is an orchestral triptych by the American composer Elliott Carter.  The complete work was given its world premiere in Symphony Hall, Boston, on October 6, 2005 by the Boston Symphony Orchestra under the conductor James Levine.

Symphony Hall (Boston)
Symphony Hall is a concert hall that is home to the Boston Symphony Orchestra, located at 301 Massachusetts Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. BSO founder Henry Lee Higginson commissioned architectural firm McKim, Mead and White to create a new, permanent home for the orchestra. Symphony Hall can accommodate an audience of 2,625. The hall was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1999 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It was then noted that "Symphony Hall remains, acoustically, among the top three concert halls in the world (sharing this distinction with the Amsterdam Concertgebouw and Vienna's Musikvereinsaal), and is considered the finest in the United States." Symphony Hall, located one block from Berklee College of Music to the north and one block from the New England Conservatory to the south, also serves as home to the Boston Pops as well as the site of many concerts of the Handel and Haydn Society.
Ansonia Black Knights
The Ansonia Black Knights were a minor league American football team based in Ansonia, Connecticut. They began play in the Atlantic Coast Football League in 1962 and played their home games at Nolan Field. The team finished fourth out of six teams during the ACFL's inaugural season. Their head coach was Gene Casey, formerly a line coach with the University of Illinois and an assistant coach with Southern Connecticut State College.

As with many minor league football teams of the era, Ansonia was plagued by poor attendance and financial difficulties. After just two seasons in the league, the ACFL revoked the Black Knights' franchise at a league meeting in February 1964 and replaced them with the Hartford Charter Oaks. The Hartford Knights would revive the knight motif when they replaced the Charter Oaks in 1968.

Southern Connecticut State University
Southern Connecticut State University (Southern Connecticut, Southern Connecticut State, SCSU, or simply "Southern") is a public research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Part of the Connecticut State University System, it was founded in 1893 and is governed by the Connecticut Board of Regents for Higher Education. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Lane Peak
Lane Peak is a 6,012-foot (1,832-metre) mountain summit in Lewis County of Washington state. It is situated on the crest of the Tatoosh Range which is a sub-range of the Cascade Range. It is located south of Mount Rainier within Mount Rainier National Park.

Lane Peak's toponym honors United States Secretary of the Interior Franklin Knight Lane, who presided over the establishment of the National Park Service in 1917. Precipitation runoff on the south side of the peak drains into tributaries of the Cowlitz River, whereas the north side drains into tributaries of the Nisqually River.

Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 82,149. The county seat is Chehalis, and its largest city is Centralia. Lewis County comprises the Centralia, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area.
Zona Jones
Zona Jones (born 1963 in Corpus Christi, Texas; raised in Valentine, Texas) is an American country music singer and attorney. Signed to D/Quarterback Records in 2004, he released his debut album Harleys & Horses and charted three singles from it, including the No. 47 "Two Hearts." In 2008, he signed to Rocky Comfort Records, a label owned by Tracy Lawrence, to release his next album, 2009's Prove Me Right.

Valentine, Texas
Valentine is a town in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Valentine had a population of 73.

The town of Valentine is the only incorporated municipality in Jeff Davis County. Its name refers to the date of its founding in 1882 by a Southern Pacific Railroad construction crew: February 14. It is one of several cities named Valentine in the United States, where the U.S. Postal Service cancels envelopes for Valentine's Day.
1966–67 Divizia C
The 1966–67 Divizia C was the 11th season of Liga III, the third tier of the Romanian football league system.

The format was maintained with four series, each consisting of 14 teams. At the end of the season, the winners of each series were promoted to Divizia B, while the bottom two teams from each series were relegated to the Regional Championship. By topping their respective groups, Victoria Roman, Portul Constanța, Metalul Hunedoara, and Olimpia Oradea secured promotion to 1967–68 Divizia B.

Liga III
The Liga 3, most often spelled as Liga III, is the third level of the Romanian football league system. It was founded in 1936 and was called Divizia C until 2006. An exception was the seasons 1992–93 to 1996–97, in which the league was called Divizia B. Its name was changed from Divizia C to Liga III before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Humanitas University
Humanitas University, also recognized as Hunimed, is an Italian international private university dedicated to medical and biomedical sciences. Located within the municipality of Pieve Emanuele, a constituent of the Metropolitan City of Milan, the university's campus seamlessly integrates with the adjacent Humanitas Research Hospital Campus.

Pieve Emanuele
Pieve Emanuele (Lombard: Piev [ˈpjeːf]) is a comune (municipality) of 15,876 inhabitants in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Milan, and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Pavia. It is located inside of the Parco Agricolo Sud Milano.

The Lambro meridionale flows through the comune's territory, and its erosive action has created the Valle delle Volpi (English: Valley of the Foxes), which is located entirely in the town's territory. Pieve Emanuele is also lapped by the river Olona. The great presence of water made the construction of a network of artificial canals possible, thus causing the great development of agricultural activity in the area.
Kiều Mộng Thu
Kiều Mộng Thu (born 1941, real name: Trương Ngọc Thu) is a Vietnamese journalist, teacher, and an opposition politician well known during the existence of South Vietnam. During the Second Republic of the Republic of Vietnam, she was one of President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu's staunchest political critics and opponents. She was one of the few women elected to the lower house (House of Representatives) of the National Assembly in 1967, representing Thừa Thiên province and being reelected in 1971 this time representing the city of Huế.

1971 South Vietnamese parliamentary election
Elections to the House of Representatives were held in South Vietnam on 29 August 1971. Only a few candidates were affiliated with political parties. They were the final elections held in South Vietnam, as its government was overthrown by the North in 1975 and unified with the North in 1976.
Great Chüy Canal
The Great Chüy Canal (Kyrgyz: Чоң Чүй каналы, [tʃɔɴ tʃyj kʰɑnɑɫɯ]; Russian: Большой Чуйский канал, often abbreviated БЧК) is one of an extensive complex of irrigation canals of the Chüy Valley in Kyrgyzstan and to some extent Kazakhstan, composed of three branches: the Western Great Chüy Canal, the Eastern Great Chüy Canal, and the Southern Great Chüy Canal.  The Great Chüy Canal flows through the northern part of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, from east to west.  It was built under the administration of the Soviet Union, with M. V. Patrushev as authoring engineer.

Thirty-three thousand individuals took part in building the canal,: p.374  mainly using pickaxes and shovels (as opposed to heavy machinery), and it remains in collective consciousness in Kyrgyzstan as a major building project of the 20th century. A record was set in on June 16, 1941, as kolkhoz workers dug 90 cubic meters of dirt by hand.: p.374

Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz (Russian plural: kolkhozy; anglicized plural: kolkhozes (Russian: колхо́з, IPA: [kɐlˈxos] ⓘ) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhoz. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Soviet agriculture after the October Revolution of 1917, as an antithesis both to the feudal structure of impoverished serfdom and aristocratic landlords and to individual or family farming.
Rosi Pettinger
Rosel "Rosi" Pettinger (born 16 September 1933) is a German former figure skater. She won two German national titles in the 1950s and competed at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, placing tenth. She placed fourth at the 1955 European Championships in Budapest and at the 1956 European Championships in Paris. Her skating club was Münchner EV in Munich.

Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Ice Stadium in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. Three figure skating events were contested: men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating. It was final time figure skating at the Olympics took place on an outdoor rink.
Ariosoma bauchotae
Ariosoma bauchotae is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Christine Karrer in 1983. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from waters northwest of Madagascar, in the western Indian Ocean. It is known to dwell at a depth range of 308–314 metres.

Congridae
The Congridae are the family of conger and garden eels. Congers are valuable and often large food fishes, while garden eels live in colonies, all protruding from the sea floor after the manner of plants in a garden (thus the name). The family includes over 220 species in 32 genera.

The European conger, Conger conger, is the largest of the family and of the Anguilliformes order that includes it; it has been recorded at up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and weighing 350 lb (160 kg).

Congrids are found in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas around the world. Clear distinguishing features among congrids are few; they all lack scales, and most possess pectoral fins. They feed on crustaceans and small fish.

The earliest known fossils of this group are otoliths from the Campanian of the United States.  A number of articulated specimens are known from the Paleogene of Europe.
2023 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 2023 Japan Open Tennis Championships (also known as the Kinoshita Group Japan Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the 48th edition of the Japan Open, and was part of the ATP Tour 500 series of the 2023 ATP Tour. It was held at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan, from 16 to 22 October 2023.

ATP 500 tournaments
The ATP 500 tournaments (previously known as the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, ATP International Series Gold, and ATP Championship Series) are the fourth-highest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, and the ATP Masters 1000 events. The winners of each tournament are awarded 500 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2025, the series includes 16 tournaments, which have draws of 32 for singles (except for the Washington Open: 48) and 16 for doubles. Leading players must enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a "zero" score towards their world ranking for each one short.

Roger Federer has won the most ATP 500 singles titles (24), while Daniel Nestor has won the most doubles titles (20).
Bentley, Western Australia
Bentley is a southern suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Perth's central business district. Its local government areas are the City of Canning and the Town of Victoria Park. Bentley is home to the main campus of Curtin University and Technology Park.

Kent Street, Perth
Kent Street in Perth, Western Australia is a major access road to many facilities and places like Curtin University and the Perth Hockey Stadium.

Kent Street is approximately 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) in length, running south-west from Albany Highway through to Manning Road.  Kent Street forms the boundary between the City of South Perth and the Town of Victoria Park.
Djathtas 1912
Right 1912 (Albanian: Djathtas 1912, DJATHTAS) is a centre-right Albanian political party. It was founded by Enkelejd Alibeaj, former member of the Democratic Party and former Minister of Justice, on 12 October 2024. During the PD split dispute, Alibeaj supported Lulzim Basha's faction. After Sali Berisha's faction was constitutionalized as PD leader, he founded a new party that opposed both factions to offer a new view and an alternative in 2025 elections.

Ministry of Justice (Albania)
The Ministry of Justice (Albanian: Ministria e Drejtësisë) is a department of the Albanian Government, responsible for the implementation of government justice policy, the Albanian legal system in the Constitution and general administrative law, civil law, procedural law and criminal law as well as matters relating to democratic issues, human rights, integration and minority issues and metropolitan affairs.

The current Minister of Justice is Besfort Lamallari since 19 September 2025.
Persian musical instruments
Persian musical instruments or Iranian musical instruments
can be broadly classified into three categories: classical, Western and folk. Most of Persian musical instruments spread in the former Persian Empires states all over the Middle East, Caucasus, Central Asia and through adaptation, relations, and trade, in Europe and far regions of Asia. In the ancient era, the Silk Road had an effective role in this distribution.

Symphonic music in Iran
Symphonic music in Iran encompasses Iranian  musical pieces composed in the symphonic style. In addition to instrumental compositions, some of Iran's symphonic pieces are based on the country's folk songs, and some are based on poetry of both classical and contemporary Iranian poets.
Labeo sp. nov. 'Mzima'
Labeo sp. nov. 'Mzima' is a formally undescribed species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, found only in springs in the Mzima Springs in Tsavo, Kenya. While lacking published information, it has been listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Tsavo
Tsavo is a region of Kenya located at the crossing of the Uganda Railway over the Tsavo River, close to where it meets the Athi-Galana-Sabaki River. Two national parks, Tsavo East and Tsavo West are located in the area.

The meaning of the word Tsavo is still unclear, but because of tribal conflicts, the Kamba people used to refer to the region as the place of "slaughter". Until the British put an end to the slave trade in the late 19th century, Tsavo was continually crossed by caravans of trans-Saharan slave traders and their captives.
Berkey
Berkey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Peter Berkey (1867–1955), American engineering geologist

Craig Berkey (born 1962), Canadian sound engineer

Dennis D. Berkey, American academic administrator

Jackson Berkey (born 1942), American composer, pianist, and singer

James L. Berkey (1930–1982), American set decorator

Jean Berkey (1938–2013), American politician

John Berkey (1932–2008), American artist

Jonathan Berkey, American historian

Joshua H. Berkey (1852–1911), American Prohibitionist politician

Russell S. Berkey (1893–1985), United States Navy admiral

Jonathan Berkey
Jonathan Porter Berkey is a historian specializing in Islam and the Middle East. He is currently professor of history at Davidson College.
He received a bachelor's degree from Williams College, and his doctorate from Princeton University. In 2003 he was given the  Albert Hourani Book Award by the Middle Eastern Studies Association for his book The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600–1800.
Alicia, Zamboanga Sibugay
Alicia, officially the Municipality of Alicia (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Alicia; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Alicia; Tagalog: Bayan ng Alicia; Maguindanao: Inged nu Alicia; Maranao: Inged a Alicia; Tausug: Lupah Alicia), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 39,456 people. Alicia is the gateway to Olutanga Island via Guicam Port in Brgy. Guicam where the Guicam Bridge will soon rise.

Maranao language
Maranao (Filipino: Wikang Mëranaw; Jawi: باسا أ مراناو), sometimes spelled as Maranaw, Meranaw, or Mëranaw, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte and their respective cities of Marawi and Iligan located in the Philippines, as well found also in Sabah, Malaysia. It is spoken among the Moros within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

It is closer to Iranun than to Maguindanao within the Danao subgroup.
The April 3rd Incident
The April 3rd Incident is a collection of short stories by Yu Hua, who wrote the stories from 1987 to 1991. The English translation, by Allan H. Barr, was published in 2018 by Pantheon. Barr teaches Chinese at Pomona College.

The stories included are experimental, and Publishers Weekly characterizes the shorter ones as having "devastating wit and morbid humor". Kirkus Reviews described them as "very post-punk and confrontational". Barr stated that Borges, Faulkner, and Kafka had influenced Yu Hua's writing.

The stories allude to an incident that is never clearly defined, not even in the chapter that shares its name with the collection's title; April 3 happens to be the birthday of Yu Hua. The stories include elements of conspiracies, double-crossing, and characters revealing their true natures. Publishers Weekly compares the stories to those of Italo Calvino.

Italo Calvino
Italo Calvino (/kælˈviːnoʊ/, also US: /kɑːlˈ-/; Italian: [ˈiːtalo kalˈviːno]; 15 October 1923 – 19 September 1985) was an Italian novelist and short story writer. His best-known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952–1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If on a winter's night a traveler (1979).

Admired in Britain, Australia and the United States, Calvino was the most translated contemporary Italian writer at the time of his death. He is buried in the garden cemetery of Castiglione della Pescaia in Tuscany.