hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1905 Chichester by-election
The 1905 Chichester by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. It was held on 2 June 1905 after the incumbent Conservative MP Lord Edmund Talbot was appointed as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury and he was obliged to stand again in a ministerial by-election. It was retained by Talbot.

Edmund FitzAlan-Howard, 1st Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent
Edmund Bernard FitzAlan-Howard, 1st Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent (1 June 1855 – 18 May 1947), known as The Honourable Edmund Fitzalan-Howard between 1855 and 1856, Lord Edmund Fitzalan-Howard between 1856 and 1876, and Lord Edmund Talbot between 1876 and 1921, was a British Conservative politician and the last Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was the first Roman Catholic to be appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland since the 17th century, holding office when Ireland was partitioned into Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland.
Alternative pleading
Alternative pleading (or pleading in the alternative) is the legal term in the law of the United States for a form of pleading that permits a party in a court action to argue multiple possibilities that may be mutually exclusive by making use of legal fiction.

A pleading in the alternative sets forth multiple claims or defenses either hypothetically or alternatively, such that if one of the claims or defenses are held invalid or insufficient, the other claims or defenses should still have to be answered.

Cause of action
A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called 'claim form' or 'particulars of claim' in English law (formerly known as a 'statement of claim'), or a 'complaint' in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. In Ireland, this document can be called a 'claim notice.' It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages, often expressed in the amount of money the receiving party should pay/reimburse.
Sarmiento Formation
The Sarmiento Formation (Spanish: Formación Sarmiento), in older literature described as the Casamayor Formation, is a geological formation in Chubut Province, Argentina, in central Patagonia, which spans around 30 million years from the mid-Eocene to the early Miocene. It predominantly consists of pyroclastic deposits, which were deposited in a semi-arid environment. It is divided up into a number of members. The diverse fauna of the Sarmiento Formation, including a variety of birds, crocodilians, turtles and snakes, also includes many mammals such as South American native ungulates (notoungulates, litopterns, astrapotheres) as well as armadillos, and caviomorph rodents. Some trace fossils have also been found, such as Teisseirei.

Chubut Province
Chubut (Spanish: Provincia del Chubut [tʃuˈβut] – from Tehuelche chupat 'transparent'; Welsh: Talaith Chubut [taˈlaɪθ ˈχɨbɨt]) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning 'transparent', their description of the Chubut River.

The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it had 199,369 inhabitants at the 2022 Census. The administrative capital is Rawson (27,157). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn (97,625), Trelew (104,657), Esquel (36,624) and Sarmiento (13,892). Gaiman (6,376) is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as Y Wladfa in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated.
Mount Vartdal
Mount Vartdal is a 1,505 m tall snow-capped peak surmounting and forming part of the plateau escarpment along the east coast of Graham Land. It is situated 4 nautical miles (7 km) northeast of Karpf Point on the north side of Mill Inlet. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947 and named for Hroar Vartdal, a Norwegian polar bibliographer. This feature was photographed from the air during 1947 by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) under Ronne.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Vartdal". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

66°51′S 64°23′W﻿ / ﻿66.850°S 64.383°W﻿ / -66.850; -64.383

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
RusNet
RusNet is the largest IRC network in Russia, Ukraine, and most of the ex-USSR, founded in 1997 through merge of the leading local IRC networks SibNet, VolgaNet, OdNet, and LvNet.

In 2008, RusNet became the 10th most popular IRC Network in the world, with 10233 average users (max 16883) and 8141 channels running on 43 servers. Particularly, it owes its popularity to several citywide Russian LANs that provide their users with the free access to RusNet IRC.

All servers connected to RusNet support all main Cyrillic encoding schemes, allowing users with different operating systems to communicate freely. The choice of the character encoding is defined by the TCP port used to connect to the network but may be changed later on-the-fly.

Currently all network servers support SSL connection. There are experimental servers that support UTF-8 encoding.

RusNet provides all modern IRC services, such as channel registration, username registration, etc.

IRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging. IRC is designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.

Internet Relay Chat is implemented as an application layer protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client–server networking model. Users connect, using a client—which may be a web app, a standalone desktop program, or embedded into part of a larger program—to an IRC server, which may be part of a larger IRC network. Examples of ways used to connect include the programs Mibbit, KiwiIRC, and mIRC.

IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60 percent of its users by 2012. In April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served more than 200,000 users at a time.
1954 Asian Games medal table
The 1954 Asian Games (officially known as Second Asian Games – Manila 1954) was a multi-sport event celebrated in Manila, Philippines from May 1 to May 9, 1954. This was the second edition of the Asian Games, in which a total 970 athletes representing 18 Asian National Olympic Committees participated in eight sports divided into 76 events.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Syntrophaceticus schinkii
Syntrophaceticus schinkii is a species of strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, endospore-forming, syntrophic, acetate-oxidizing bacterium, the type species of its genus. Its type strain is Sp3T (=JCM 16669T), which was isolated from an anaerobic filter treating wastewater in a fishmeal factory.

Mesophile
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from 20 to 45 °C (68 to 113 °F). The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37 °C (about 99 °F). The term is mainly applied to microorganisms.  Organisms that prefer extreme environments are known as extremophiles. Mesophiles have diverse classifications, belonging to two domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and to kingdom Fungi of domain Eukarya.  Mesophiles belonging to the domain Bacteria can either be gram-positive or gram-negative. Oxygen requirements for mesophiles can be aerobic or anaerobic. There are three basic shapes of mesophiles: coccus, bacillus, and spiral.
Jacki R. Chan
Jaclyn Roxanne Chan (born December 2, 1980), also known simply as Jacki R. Chan or Jacki Chan, is an American former actress and model.

She has appeared in various magazines, calendars and print ads, as well as several motion pictures, television shows, and commercials. She is niece to Hollywood stuntman Darryl Chan.

Formerly under a Universal Music Group label, she was also an experienced drummer who was featured in several films, commercials, television spots, and music videos.

Darryl Chan
Darryl M. Chan is an accomplished Hollywood stuntman, martial artist, and actor of Chinese descent.  He grew up in San Francisco as the second of four boys.  His career spans from the early 1980s to the present. Chan has worked with virtually all the leading Asian actors and filmmakers, and counts Brandon Lee as one of his closest friends at the time of Lee's death.  Darryl is also a sports medicine specialist, and has trained many of the entertainment industry's actors and musicians to prepare for roles and world tours.
Gary Gilbert
Gary Gilbert (born 1965) is an American film producer and businessman. He is the founder and CEO of Gilbert Films, a media production and financing company based in Los Angeles, California. He is also a co-founder of Rocket Mortgage, as well as a co-owner of the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association along with his brother, Dan Gilbert.

The Kids Are All Right (film)
The Kids Are All Right is a 2010 American comedy drama film directed by Lisa Cholodenko and written by Cholodenko and Stuart Blumberg. It is among the first mainstream movies to show a same-sex couple raising two teenagers.  A hit at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival, it opened in limited release on July 9, 2010, expanded to more theaters on July 30, 2010, and was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 16, 2010.

The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Annette Bening was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Musical or Comedy. The film also received 4 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, at the 83rd Academy Awards.
Hat Pak
Hat Pak (Khmer: ហាត់ប៉ក់) is a commune in Veun Sai District in northeast Cambodia. It contains three villages and has a population of 978. In the 2007 commune council elections, four seats went to members of the Cambodian People's Party and one seat went to a member of Funcinpec.

Veun Sai District
Veun Sai District (Khmer: វើនសៃ) is a district located in Ratanakiri Province, in northeast Cambodia. The town of Veun Sai is located in the district. It is approximately 38 km north by road of Banlung and is located on the Tonlé San River. The headquarters of Virachey National Park are located in the village. The district also includes part of Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park. The village is populated by Khmers and many ethnic minorities including Kreung, Lao, and Chinese. Across the Tonle San river are a small Lao village and a small Chinese village.
Kalasi Jatra
Kalasi Jatra or Kailasi Jatra is a Hindu festival observed in the Boudh, Subarnapur and Balangir district of Kosal region of Odisha, India.  This festival is celebrated on the holy month of Kartika. During this festival, the goddess is taken out from the worshiping centre to outside in a big musical procession. The devotees pray the goddess and the celebration takes place until late night. It is considered a festival of tribal origin and emphasizes the fact that the Kosal region is known for its Shakti and tantric culture.

Boudh
Boudh, also known as Boudhgarh, is a town and a Municipality in Boudh district  in the state of Odisha, India. It is the district headquarters of Boudh district. It is located on the bank of Mahanadi, the largest river of the state of Odisha.
Ophiotaurus
In Greek mythology, the Ophiotaurus (Ancient Greek: Ὀφιόταυρος) was a creature that was part bull and part serpent. Its only known appearance in an ancient work was in Ovid's Fasti. In this poem, it was the subject of a prophecy which warned that whoever burned its innards would defeat the gods. Briareus of the Hecatoncheires attempted to burn the Ophiotaurus' innards, but was foiled by birds sent by Zeus. This story was part of the larger Titanomachy that set the gods against the Titans. Various interpretations of the creature have been presented by scholars of classical Greece.

Sacred bull
Cattle are prominent in some religions and mythologies. As such, numerous peoples throughout the world have at one point in time honored bulls as sacred. In the Sumerian religion, Marduk is the "bull of Utu". In Hinduism, Shiva's steed is Nandi, the Bull. The sacred bull survives in the constellation Taurus. The bull, whether lunar as in Mesopotamia or solar as in India, is the subject of various other cultural and religious incarnations as well as modern mentions in New Age cultures.
Sua Música
Sua Música (lit. 'Your Music') is a Brazilian free music streaming service founded in 2011 by Eder Rocha Bezerra, in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba. It is entirely aimed at artists and audiences from the Northeast Region of Brazil, with a predominance of musical genres such as forró, tecnobrega, swingueira, among others. Sua Música is available on Android and iOS. It receives 1 million unique hits per day and is one of the 60 most downloaded apps in Brazil.

Pagode baiano
Pagode baiano (also called pagodão, swingueira and quebradeira) is a Brazilian musical genre created in Salvador, Bahia, originating from the mixture of samba-reggae and pagode, with the main difference being the inclusion of percussion, a faster rhythm and generally accompanied by choreography. Because it is a musical genre that emerged in Bahia, it is wrongly confused with axé music, mainly because both styles were fashionable in Brazil between the 1990s and 2000s.
Japan Teachers Union
Japan Teachers Union (日本教職員組合, Nihon Kyōshokuin Kumiai; JTU), abbreviated Nikkyōso (日教組, Nikkyōso), is Japan's oldest labor union of teachers and school staff. Established in 1947, it was the largest teachers union until a split in the late 1980s. The union is known for its critical stance against the ruling conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on such issues as Kimigayo (the national anthem), the Flag of Japan, and the screening of history textbooks during the LDP's near continuous one-party rule since 1955. Today Nikkyōso is affiliated to the trade union confederation Rengo. It had 290,857 members as of December 2009.

RENGO
The Japanese Trade Union Confederation (日本労働組合総連合会, Nihon Rōdōkumiai Sōrengōkai; abbreviated JTUC), commonly known as RENGO (連合, Rengō; lit. 'union'), is the largest national trade union center in Japan, with over six million members as of 2011. It was founded in 1989 as a result of the merger of the Japan Confederation of Labor (Dōmei), the Federation of Independent Unions (Chūritsu Rōren) and the National Federation Of Industrial Organisations (Shinsanbetsu). In 1990, the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sohyo) also joined RENGO.

As of July 2012, RENGO has 54 affiliate unions and 47 local organizations.
MagCulture
magCulture is an online resource, editorial consultancy, events host, and magazine shop in the Clerkenwell area of London, England. It was founded as a blog by Jeremy Leslie in 2006, before adding a design studio in 2009 and the shop in 2015.

The Times called it one of the coolest newsagents in the city. Suitcase named it one of seven independent magazine stores to visit in the United Kingdom.

Suitcase (magazine)
Suitcase Magazine is a multimedia travel magazine, first published in 2012 by Serena Guen. The magazine is available as a quarterly print magazine, iPad and iPhone app, and a daily updated travel website.

Each quarterly print volume includes global travel destinations by theme such as, rhythm, myths & legends, and art, and includes travel stories, city guides and fashion editorials.

In 2023, Suitcase removed their shop and went into liquidation following filing for insolvency.
François Brochet
François Brochet (3 January 1925 – 10 August 2001) was a French sculptor, painter and printer. Throughout his career he had many exhibitions in Paris, Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles. The French Government made several purchases of Brochet's works for the Yonne Department's Auxerre commune, while numerous works exist in private collections. Over 54 years he produced more than a thousand sculptures.

Vézelay
Vézelay (French: [vez(ə)lɛ]) is a commune in the department of Yonne in the north-central French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It is a defensible hill town famous for Vézelay Abbey. The town and its 11th-century Romanesque Basilica of St Magdalene are designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Hoosier Hills Conference
The Hoosier Hills Conference is a seven-member, IHSAA-sanctioned athletic conference comprising large 4A and 5A (football)-sized schools in Bartholomew, Clark, Floyd, Jackson, Jennings, and Lawrence in South Central and Southeast Indiana. Madison departed the conference in 2021, thereby reducing its size to seven member schools.

Clark County, Indiana
Clark County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana, located directly across the Ohio River from Louisville, Kentucky. At the 2020 census, the population was 121,093. The county seat is Jeffersonville. Clark County is part of the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Shadow Cabinet of Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
The Shadow Cabinet of Ahmad Zahid Hamidi was established on 26 September 2018. The purpose of this Shadow Cabinet is to provide a check and balance role for Mahathir Mohamad's Pakatan Harapan coalition, which formed a government (with the confidence and supply of WARISAN and UPKO) on 10 May 2018.

Parliament of Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaysia (Malay: Parlimen Malaysia; Jawi: ‏ڤرليمن مليسيا‎) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives, lit. "People's Assembly") and the Dewan Negara (Senate, lit. "State Assembly"). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.

The Parliament assembles in the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, located in the national capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

The term "Member of Parliament (MP)" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament. The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Negara, the upper house of the Parliament.
Northwood Lake
Northwood Lake is a 653-acre (2.64 km2) water body located in Rockingham and Merrimack counties in central New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Northwood and Epsom. The town of Deerfield occupies part of the southern shore. The outlet of the lake is the Little Suncook River, flowing west to the Suncook River, a tributary of the Merrimack River.

The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth and largemouth bass, chain pickerel, and brown bullhead, and white perch.

Milfoil is present in the lake.

Smallmouth bass
The smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) of the order Centrarchiformes. It is the type species of its genus Micropterus (black basses), and is a popular game fish sought by anglers throughout the temperate zones of North America, and has been spread by stocking —as well as illegal introductions—to many cool-water tributaries and lakes in Canada and more so introduced in the United States. The maximum recorded size is approximately 27 inches (69 cm) and 12 pounds (5.4 kg).

The smallmouth bass is native to the upper and middle Mississippi River basin, the Saint Lawrence River–Great Lakes system, the Champlain Valley, and the Hudson Bay basin. Its common names include smallmouth, bronzeback, brown bass, brownie, smallie, bronze bass, and bareback bass.
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive 2011
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive 2011 (2011/61/EU) is a directive of the European Union on the financial regulation of hedge funds, private equity, real estate funds, and other "Alternative Investment Fund Managers" (AIFMs) in the European Union. The Directive requires all covered AIFMs to obtain authorisation, and make various disclosures as a condition of operation. It followed the 2008 financial crisis. Before, the alternative investment industry had not been regulated at the EU level.

It was reported in May 2014 that only one-third of EU member states had successfully implemented the directive into law. As of 2014, the countries that had transposed Directive 2011/61/EU into law include Cyprus, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, (Germany), France, Malta and Ireland. In December 2014, the European Commission issued a formal warning to countries including Spain, Latvia and Poland for not complying with implementation of Directive 2011/61/EU.

Financial regulation
Financial regulation is a broad set of policies that apply to the financial sector in most jurisdictions, justified by two main features of finance: systemic risk, which implies that the failure of financial firms involves public interest considerations; and information asymmetry, which justifies curbs on freedom of contract in selected areas of financial services, particularly those that involve retail clients and/or principal–agent problems. An integral part of financial regulation is the supervision of designated financial firms and markets by specialized authorities such as securities commissions and bank supervisors.

In some jurisdictions, certain aspects of financial supervision are delegated to self-regulatory organizations. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.