hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John N. Klohr
John Nicholas Klohr (July 27, 1869 – February 17, 1956) was a composer of band music. Klohr was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.  A graduate of the Cincinnati public schools, Klohr set upon a career in music, especially vaudeville. He was a vaudeville trombonist by trade, but also performed as a member of Cincinnati's musical life. He played in the Syrian Temple Shrine Band, led by fellow composer Henry Fillmore. From 1921 to 1926, Klohr was a trombonist in Henry Fillmore's concert band. He was a member of the Syrian Temple for over 50 years, as well as a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. Klohr was also an early member of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers and worked as editor of the band and orchestra department of the John Church Company, a music publisher in Cincinnati. Klohr died of a heart attack in 1956, and was buried at St. Joseph Cemetery in Cincinnati.

Fraternal Order of Eagles
Fraternal Order of Eagles (F.O.E.) is a fraternal organization that was founded on February 6, 1898, in Seattle, Washington, by a group of six theater-owners including John Cort (the first president), brothers John W. and Tim J. Considine, Harry (H.L.) Leavitt (who later joined the Loyal Order of Moose), Mose Goldsmith and Arthur Williams. Originally made up of those engaged in one way or another in the performing arts, the Eagles grew and claimed credit for establishing the Mother's Day holiday in the United States as well as the "impetus for Social Security" in the United States. Their lodges are known as "aeries".
Fully differential amplifier
A fully differential amplifier (FDA) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs and differential outputs. In its ordinary usage, the output of the FDA is controlled by two feedback paths which, because of the amplifier's high gain, almost completely determine the output voltage for any given input.

In a fully differential amplifier, common-mode noise such as power supply disturbances is rejected; this makes FDAs especially useful as part of a mixed-signal integrated circuit.

An FDA is often used to convert an analog signal into a form more suitable for driving into an analog-to-digital converter; many modern high-precision ADCs have differential inputs.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.
Engine One-Forty-Three
"Engine One-Forty-Three" (Roud 255) is a folk ballad in the tradition of Anglo-American train wreck songs. It is based on the true story of the wreck of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's Fast Flying Virginian (FFV) near Hinton, West Virginia in 1890.

The song's earliest documented appearance was in Railroad Man Magazine in 1913 as "The Wreck on the C. & O.", while its earliest recording was in 1924. The first use of the title "Engine One-Forty-Three" was for a recording by the Carter Family in 1929, which became one of the group's best-selling records and the basis for many subsequent recordings.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Fischer indole synthesis
The Fischer indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces the aromatic heterocycle indole from a (substituted) phenylhydrazine and an aldehyde or ketone under acidic conditions. The reaction was discovered in 1883 by Emil Fischer. Today antimigraine drugs of the triptan class are often synthesized by this method.

This reaction can be catalyzed by Brønsted acids such as HCl, H2SO4, polyphosphoric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid or Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, zinc chloride, and aluminium chloride.

Several reviews have been published.

P-Toluenesulfonic acid
para-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar organic solvents. The CH3C6H4SO2 group is known as the tosyl group and is often abbreviated as Ts or Tos. Most often, TsOH refers to the monohydrate, TsOH.H2O.

As with other aryl sulfonic acids, TsOH is a strong organic acid.  It is about one million times stronger than benzoic acid.  It is one of the few strong acids that is solid and therefore is conveniently weighed and stored.
Mammals (TV series)
Mammals is a 2022 British black comedy television series, which premiered on Prime Video on 11 November 2022. It is written by Jez Butterworth and directed by Stephanie Laing. It stars James Corden, Melia Kreiling, Colin Morgan, and Sally Hawkins in pivotal roles. Produced by Street Hassle in association with Vertigo Films and Fulwell 73, the series explores the complexities of modern marriage.

Vertigo Films
Vertigo Films is a British television and film production company based in London, England. It now focuses solely on the production of television series, with subsidiary company Vertigo Releasing taking over film distribution.
Kdump (Linux)
kdump is a feature of the Linux kernel that creates crash dumps in the event of a kernel crash. When triggered, kdump exports a memory image (also known as vmcore) that can be analyzed for the purposes of debugging and determining the cause of a crash. The dumped image of main memory, exported as an Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) object, can be accessed either directly through /proc/vmcore during the handling of a kernel crash, or it can be automatically saved to a locally accessible file system, to a raw device, or to a remote system accessible over network.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.
Weißenburg in Bayern
Weißenburg in Bayern (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪsn̩bʊʁk ʔɪn ˈbaɪɐn], lit. 'Weißenburg in Bavaria'), formerly known as Weißenburg im Nordgau and Weißenburg am Sand, is a town in Middle Franconia, Germany. It is the capital of the district Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen, with a population of 18,345 as of 2024. Weißenburg was a free imperial city for 500 years.

Margraviate of the Nordgau
The Margraviate of the Nordgau (Modern German: Markgrafschaft Nordgau, Middle High German: Marcgraveschaft Nortgou) or Bavarian Nordgau (Bayerischer Nordgau) was a medieval administrative unit (Gau) on the frontier of the German Duchy of Bavaria. It comprised the region north of the Danube and Regensburg (Ratisbon), roughly covered by the modern Upper Palatinate stretching up to the river Main and, especially after 1061, into the Egerland on the border with Bohemia.
Andrea Neu
Andrea Michelle Neu (born August 22, 1990) is an American model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Earth USA 2014 that gave her the right to represent the United States in Miss Earth 2014. On November 29, 2014, Andrea was chosen as Miss Earth – Air in Miss Earth 2014 in the Philippines.

Prior in joining Miss Earth USA, Andrea already won the title of Miss US International 2013 and represented the United States in Miss International 2013.

Miss U.S. International
Miss U.S. International is the official United States preliminary to the Miss International Beauty Pageant (officially titled The International Beauty Pageant). The United States has sent a representative to the Miss International pageant since its inception in 1960. The only year a representative was not sent was in 2006.

The current Miss U.S. International is Nicky Kandola of District of Columbia who was crowned on July 6, 2025 and placed Top 11 at Miss International 2025 pageant in Japan in November 2025.
Pointe Coupee Parish School Board
Pointe Coupee Parish School Board is a school district headquartered in unincorporated Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, United States.

The district serves Pointe Coupee Parish.

One of its former members, from District F, is current State Representative Major Thibaut of District 18, which includes Iberville, West Baton Rouge, West Feliciana, and Pointe Coupee parishes.

Iberville Parish, Louisiana
Iberville Parish (French: Paroisse d'Iberville) is a parish located south of Baton Rouge in the U.S. state of Louisiana, formed in 1807. The parish seat is Plaquemine. The population was 30,241 at the 2020 census.
European Young Conservatives
The European Young Conservatives (EYC) is a grouping of youth wings of conservative and centre-right political parties in Europe.

As of 2014, the group has a membership of 25 political youth organisations from 22 countries and territories, in addition to four associated members. The EYC is independent and not affiliated with any European political party, but maintains a non-exclusive relationship with the European Conservatives and Reformists Party.

The EYC is a full member of the International Young Democrat Union.

Youth wing
A youth wing is a subsidiary, autonomous, or independently allied front of a larger organization (usually a political party but occasionally another type of organization) that is formed in order to rally support for that organization from members and potential members of a younger age, as well as to focus on subjects and issues more widely relevant among that organization's youth. Youth wings may also be discussion forums for younger members and supporters of the organization to debate policy and ideology.
Franz Joseph Glæser
Franz Joseph Glæser  (19 April 1798 - 29 August 1861), also spelt as Glaeser and Gläser, was an Austrian-Danish composer.

Born in Obergeorgenthal, Bohemia, then part of the Austrian Empire, Glaeser’s work as a composer was mostly done before he migrated to Denmark, to spend much of his later life in Copenhagen. He gained his first position as a Kapellmeister at the Leopoldstadt Theater in 1817 and his last at Copenhagen in 1842, retaining the position until his death in 1861.

Theater in der Leopoldstadt
The Theater in der Leopoldstadt (also: Leopoldstädter Theater) was an opera house in the Leopoldstadt district of Vienna, founded in 1781 by Karl von Marinelli, following the Schauspielfreiheit (ending of the court's monopoly on entertainment) by Joseph II in 1776. The 19th-century summer stage called the Thaliatheater was also managed by the Leopoldstadt.

In its early years, the theatre staged Singspiele and Possen mit Gesang, notably by the theatre's Kapellmeister Wenzel Müller and his assistant Ferdinand Kauer. The dramatist Ferdinand Raimund worked with the theatre in the 1820s.

The theatre was eventually demolished and rebuilt in 1847, under the name of the Carltheater.
Kvænangen (fjord)
Kvænangen (Norwegian), Návuotna (Northern Sami), or Naavuono (Kven) (sometimes anglicized as the Kvænang Fjord) is a fjord in Troms county, Norway. The fjord runs through Skjervøy Municipality and Kvænangen Municipality.

Kven language
Kven (kvääni; kainu; Finnish: kveeni; Norwegian: kvensk) is a Finnic language spoken in the northernmost parts of Norway by the Kven people. It is closely related to Meänkieli, spoken in Torne Valley in Sweden, and to the Peräpohjola dialects of Finnish. The status of Kven as a distinct language versus a dialect of Finnish has been debated. In 2005, Kven received the status of a minority language in Norway under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

There are about 1,500 to 10,000 known native speakers, most of whom are over the age of 60. Middle-aged speakers tend to have a passing knowledge of the language. They use it occasionally, but not frequently enough to keep it off the endangered list. People under the age of 30 rarely speak or know the language. However, children in the community of Børselv can learn Kven in their primary schools.
Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2012
Billboard publishes annual lists of songs based on chart performance over the course of a year based on Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems and SoundScan information. For 2012, the list for the top 100 Billboard Hot 100 Year-End songs was published on December 14, calculated with data from December 3, 2011 to November 24, 2012. At the number-one position was Gotye's "Somebody That I Used to Know" featuring Kimbra, which stayed atop the Hot 100 for eight consecutive weeks.

Gotye
Wouter André "Wally" De Backer (known professionally as Gotye; born 21 May 1980) is a Belgian-born Australian singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. His 2011 single "Somebody That I Used to Know" (featuring Kimbra) topped the Billboard Hot 100, as well as several international charts, and became the best-selling song of 2012. He has won five ARIA Awards and received a nomination for an MTV EMA for Best Asia and Pacific Act. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, the song won Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, while its parent album — Making Mirrors (2012) — won Best Alternative Music Album.

Gotye has released three studio albums independently and one album featuring remixes of tracks from his first two albums. He is a founding member of the Melbourne indie-pop trio the Basics, who have independently released four studio albums and numerous other titles since 2002.
Jouette Bassler
Jouette M. Bassler is an American biblical scholar and expert in Pauline theology who is Professor Emeritus of New Testament at Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University. Her Ph.D. is from Yale University, and she taught at Georgetown University before moving to SMU. In 1979 Bassler was elected a member of the Catholic Biblical Association of America. She has written a number of books and served as general editor of the Journal of Biblical Literature from 1995 to 1999. She also served as New Testament editor for the HarperCollins Study Bible. Her 1994 article on the Pastoral Epistles has been "extremely influential in feminist interpretations." In 2007, a festschrift of nineteen essays was published in her honor.

Pastoral epistles
The pastoral epistles are a group of three books of the canonical New Testament: the First Epistle to Timothy (1 Timothy), the Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Timothy), and the Epistle to Titus. They are presented as letters from Paul the Apostle to Timothy and to Titus. However, many scholars believe they were written after Paul's death. They are generally discussed as a group and are given the title pastoral because they are addressed to individuals with pastoral oversight of churches and discuss issues of Christian living, doctrine and leadership. The term "pastorals" was popularized in 1703 by D. N. Berdot and in 1726 by Paul Anton. Alternate nomenclature for the cluster of three letters has been proposed: "Corpus Pastorale," meant to highlight the intentional forgery of the letters as a three-part corpus, and "Letters to Timothy and Titus," meant to emphasize the individuality of the letters.
Bhavageete
Bhaavageete or Bhavageeth (literally 'emotion poetry') is a form of poetry and pop music in India. Most of the poetry sung in this genre pertains to subjects like love, nature, and philosophy, and the genre itself is not much different from ghazals, though ghazals are bound to a peculiar metre. This genre is quite popular in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. This genre may be called by different names in other languages. In Telugu, they are known as Bhava Geethaalu. Cherukuri Ramarao is one of the popular writers of Bhava Geethaalu in Telugu.

Kuvempu
Kuppalli Venkatappa Puttappa (29 December 1904 – 11 November 1994), popularly known by his pen name Kuvempu// ⓘ, was an Indian poet, playwright, novelist and critic. He is widely regarded as the greatest Kannada poet of the 20th century. He was the first Kannada writer to receive the Jnanpith Award.

Kuvempu studied at Mysuru University in the 1920s, taught there for nearly three decades and served as its vice-chancellor from 1956 to 1960. He initiated education in Kannada as the language medium. For his contributions to Kannada literature, the Government of Karnataka decorated him with the honorific Rashtrakavi ("National Poet") in 1964 and Karnataka Ratna ("The Gem of Karnataka") in 1992. He was conferred the Padma Bhushan in 1958 and Padma Vibhushan in 1988 by the Government of India. He penned the Karnataka State Anthem Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate.
John E. Aldred Estate
John E. Aldred Estate, also known as St. Josaphat's Monastery, is a historic estate located at Lattingtown in Nassau County, New York.  It was designed in 1916 by architect Bertram Goodhue, with landscaping by Olmsted Brothers, for public utility executive John Edward Aldred.

The estate consists of the main residence, known as Ormston; the superintendent's quarters; hen house; 2+1⁄2-story, hip-roofed stable; greenhouse and conservatory; garage; utility shed; garden shed; gazebo; and two gatehouses.  The main house is a Tudor Revival–style dwelling built of random-coursed, quarry-faced limestone and roofed in heavy slate. The Basilian Order of Saint Josaphat purchased the property in 1944.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Gatehouse
A gatehouse is a type of fortified gateway, an entry control point building, enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a town, religious house, castle, manor house, or other fortification building of importance. Gatehouses are typically the most heavily armed section of a fortification, to compensate for being structurally the weakest and the most probable attack point by an enemy. There are numerous surviving examples in France, Austria, Germany, England and Japan.
2008 Lebanese presidential election
An indirect presidential election was held in the Parliament of Lebanon on 25 May 2008, after the term of incumbent President Émile Lahoud expired on 24 November 2007 at midnight. General Michel Sleiman, the Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces, was elected as the consensus candidate after months of delays in holding the election due to an ongoing political dispute.

By convention, the presidency is always attributed to a Maronite Christian personality. Under the article 49 of the Lebanese Constitution, a qualified majority of two-thirds of the members of the 128-seat Lebanese Parliament is required to elect the president. After the second round of election, the president is elected by an absolute majority of 65 MPs out of 128.

Convention (norm)
A convention  influences a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, social norms, or other criteria, often taking the form of a custom.

In physical sciences, numerical values (such as constants, quantities, or scales of measurement) are called conventional if they do not represent a measured property of nature, but originate in a convention, for example an average of many measurements, agreed between the scientists working with these values.
Eclipse (1994 film)
Eclipse is a Canadian drama film, written and directed by Jeremy Podeswa and released in 1994.

Set in Toronto during the two-week period leading up to a total eclipse of the sun, the film revolves around ten characters of varying sexual orientations whose urban lifestyles are marked by emotional and social disconnection from others. Against the backdrop of the media circus surrounding the rare celestial event, each of the ten characters struggles to connect with others through a chain of sexual encounters, with each new encounter involving one of the two partners from the previous one. The film also blends both black-and-white and colour cinematography, with the establishing scenes about the eclipse shot in colour and the sexual interactions filmed in black and white.

The film premiered at the 1994 Toronto International Film Festival.

Jeremy Podeswa
Jeremy Podeswa (born 1962) is a Canadian film and television director. He is best known for directing the films The Five Senses (1999) and Fugitive Pieces (2007). He has also worked as director on the television shows Six Feet Under, Nip/Tuck, The Tudors, Queer as Folk, and the HBO World War II miniseries The Pacific. He has also written several films.

In 2014, he directed episodes five and six of the fifth season of the HBO series Game of Thrones, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for the latter episode. He returned the next season, directing the season premiere and the second episode. He also directed the season premiere as well as the season finale of the seventh season. In 2021, he directed episodes of the TV series adaptation of The Mosquito Coast and the miniseries Station Eleven.
Ranks of the Hungarian People's Army
The Military ranks of the Hungarian People's Army were the military insignia used by the Hungarian People's Army. The ranks replaced the Military ranks of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1945, following the abolition of the monarchy. The ranks were replaced by the Military ranks of Hungary, following the end of socialism in Hungary.

End of communism in Hungary
Communist rule in the People's Republic of Hungary came to an end in 1989 by a peaceful transition to a democratic system. After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was suppressed by Soviet forces, Hungary remained a communist country. As the Soviet Union weakened at the end of the 1980s, the Eastern Bloc disintegrated.

The events in Hungary were part of the Revolutions of 1989, known in Hungarian as the rendszerváltás (lit. 'system change').