hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Allen (1814)
USS Allen was a row galley built in 1814 at Vergennes, Vermont, by Adam and Noah Brown. She was commissioned during the summer of 1814, with Sailing Master William M. Robins in command. She became a unit of Commodore Thomas Macdonough's squadron on Lake Champlain and participated in the Battle of Lake Champlain in September 1814, during which the American squadron captured the remnants of the British squadron under Captain George Downie. After the War of 1812, she remained in active service for another decade. She was sold at Whitehall, New York, sometime in late 1824 or early 1825.

Row galley
A row galley was a term used in the United States for an armed watercraft that used oars rather than sails as a means of propulsion. During the age of sail, row galleys had the advantage of propulsion while sail boats might be stopped or running at slow speed because of lack of wind for their sails. While called galleys, they were based on different hull type than the Mediterranean galley, the term being used mainly due to the employment of oars.

Row galleys were often fitted with sails in addition to the oars. During the American Revolutionary War, row galleys, such as Spitfire and Washington, with crews of up to 60 oarsmen, were employed successfully in battle against larger warships. During the American Civil War, Union navy and Confederate States Navy ships operating in rivers and other interior waterways, would send row galleys to surprise and capture enemy ships anchored for the night.
Sérgio Assad
Sérgio Assad (born 26 December 1952) is a Brazilian guitarist, composer, and arranger who often performs with his brother, Odair, in the guitar duo Sérgio and Odair Assad, commonly referred to as the Assad Brothers or Duo Assad. Their younger sister Badi is also a guitarist. Assad is the father of composer/singer/pianist Clarice Assad. He is married to Angela Olinto.

São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra
The São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra (Portuguese: Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo, OSESP) is a Brazilian orchestra based in São Paulo.  The principal concert venue of OSESP is the Sala São Paulo.
Mosier Mounds Complex
The Mosier Mounds Complex (Smithsonian trinomial: 35WS274), also known locally as the Mosier Battlements, is an archaeological site near Mosier, Oregon, United States. This collection of stone walls, pits, and mounds amid a basalt talus slope is the largest and most complex of a number of similar Native American sites in the southern Columbia Plateau. The site predates the arrival of Europeans and probably the local ascendance of Chinookan peoples, but has resisted more precise dating or cultural affiliation.

The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Mound
A mound is a heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. Most commonly, mounds are earthen formations such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. A mound may be any rounded area of topographically higher elevation on any surface.   Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including habitation (see Tell and Terp), ceremonial (platform mound), burial (tumulus), and commemorative purposes (e.g. Kościuszko Mound).
Jean de Gagny
Jean de Gagny (died 1549) was a French theologian.

He was at the Collège de Navarre in 1524. He became Rector of the University of Paris, in 1531, and Almoner Royal, in 1536. In 1546 he became Chancellor of the University of Paris.

He published some significant Roman Catholic commentaries on parts of the New Testament. He was also a business partner of the typographer Claude Garamond, and  collector of manuscripts, particularly of patristic works. His position close to Francis I of France gave him access to monastic libraries.

Patristics
Patristics, also known as patrology, is a branch of theological studies focused on the writings and teachings of the Church Fathers, between the first and the eighth centuries AD. Scholars analyze texts from both orthodox and heretical authors. Patristics emerged as a distinct discipline in the 19th century, supported by critical editions like Patrologia Latina and Patrologia Graeca. The field employs textual analysis, archaeology, and historical criticism to analyze early Christianity's doctrinal, cultural, and intellectual development, incorporating traditions beyond Greek and Latin, such as Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, and Ethiopian.
Johann Georg Koller
Johann (Hans) Georg Koller (born 15 July 1971) is a German politician from the Christian Social Union in Bavaria. He was elected to the Bundestag in the 2025 German federal election when he was a direct candidate in the constituency of Passau.

Direktmandat
In Germany, a direktmandat (English: direct mandate) is a parliamentary seat that is won by the candidate who receives the most votes in a constituency in a legislative election. In the mixed-member proportional representation system used in Germany, a political party receives mandates on the state list for the number of seats it wins in the constituencies, so that direct mandates generally have no influence on the number of seats the parties have in parliament. In contrast, in a majority voting system such as in the United Kingdom or the United States, the number of seats the parties have depends exclusively on their success in the constituencies.
Harvey Collins
Harvey John Collins (October 5, 1925 – December 3, 1957) was an American serial killer who was responsible for three murders committed in Kentucky and Washington between 1953 and 1955, one of them committed while he was serving in the United States Army. Convicted and sentenced to death for one of the murders, he was subsequently executed in 1957.

Fort Sill
Fort Sill is a major United States Army post north of Lawton, Oklahoma, approximately 85 miles (137 km) southwest of Oklahoma City, established in 1869 during the Indian Wars. It covers almost 94,000 acres (38,000 ha) in southwestern Oklahoma and serves as headquarters of the U.S. Army Fires Center of Excellence. The installation is a Basic Combat Training facility, training over 20,000 personnel annually in field artillery, air defense artillery, and electronic warfare.

Fort Sill has participated in every major U.S. conflict since its founding, evolving from a frontier cavalry outpost to a modern training hub. It houses key units including the United States Army Field Artillery School, 75th Field Artillery Brigade (United States), and the 31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States). The post also supports a United States Marine Corps detachment for joint artillery training.
Bill Beckwith
Billy J. Beckwith (June 27, 1975 – December 2, 2013) was an American carpenter.

Born in Warren, a town in Knox County, Maine, Beckwith studied English and martial arts at the University of Montana. He began his career in 2002 and was best known for co-hosting HGTV's home improvement series Curb Appeal with John Gidding for two seasons.

Beckwith was involved in a motorcycle accident on December 2, 2013, and later died in the hospital.

Warren, Maine
Warren is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,865 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of East Warren, Warren and South Warren, the latter home to the Maine State Prison and minimum security Bolduc Correctional Facility.
Wild West Romance
Wild West Romance is a 1928 American silent Western film directed by R.L. Hough, and written by Jack Cunningham and Delos Sutherland. The film stars Rex Bell, Caryl Lincoln, Neil Neely, Billy Butts, Jack Walters, and Fred Parker. The film was released on June 10, 1928, by Fox Film Corporation.

Jack Cunningham (screenwriter)
Jack Cunningham (April 1, 1882 – October 4, 1941) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for more than 130 films between 1913 and 1939. He was born in Ionia, Iowa, and died from a cerebral hemorrhage in Santa Monica, California.
Siege of Malta (1429)
The siege of Malta, also known as the siege of Mdina, was a Hafsid invasion of the island of Malta, then part of the Kingdom of Sicily (itself part of the Crown of Aragon), in September and October 1429. After capturing Mazara on nearby Sicily, a Hafsid force landed on Malta, besieged the island's main city of Mdina and skirmished with the defenders. The invaders did not manage to capture the city but they plundered the island – including Mdina's suburb of Rabat – and captured thousands of people as slaves.

Both sides appear to have claimed victory, with Christian sources tending to emphasize the successful defence of Mdina and Muslim sources considering the event to have been a successful raid. In any case, the attack had a significant demographic impact on the island's small population and it remained imprinted in the Maltese collective memory through Christian legends and traditions referencing the event.

Giovanni Francesco Abela
Giovanni Francesco Abela (1582–1655) was a Maltese noble who in the early 17th century wrote an important work on Malta, Della Descrittione di Malta isola nel Mare Siciliano: con le sue antichità, ed altre notizie, "description of Malta, island in the Sicilian sea, with its antiquities, and other information".
Steuerwald
Steuerwald is a German toponymic surname for a person from Hanover. Notable people with the surname include:

Greg Steuerwald (born 1952), American politician

Markus Steuerwald (born 1989), German volleyball player

Markus Steuerwald
Markus Steuerwald (born 7 March 1989) is a German former professional volleyball player, a former member of the Germany national team, a participant at the Olympic Games London 2012, 2006–07 CEV Champions League winner, and a bronze medallist at the 2014 World Championship.
Mollet del Vallès
Mollet del Vallès (Catalan pronunciation: [muˈʎɛd dəl βəˈʎɛs]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Vallès Oriental in  Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the valley of the Besòs river, and is an important communications hub from Barcelona towards the north: the AP-7 Motorway passes through the municipality, as do the Renfe railway lines to Vic and Puigcerdà and to Girona and Portbou. The town is also served by the C-17 highway (formerly N-152).

Mollet del Vallès has a number of buildings in the modernista and noucentista styles. The studio-museum of the painter Abelló displays modern Catalan art.

Shooting at the 1992 Summer Olympics was carried out in Mollet del Vallès; the range has been reused for the 1998 ISSF World Shooting Championships.

Tha flag is a horizontal tricolour, in the proportion 2:1:1, of white, red, and white, and has a red mullus (a goatfish) on the broad upper stripe.

Abello
Abello or Abelló is a Spanish and Italian toponymic surname, and it's named after Avella in Italy. The name is more common in Spain today. Notable people with the surname include:

Antònia Abelló (1913–1984), Catalan political activist, journalist, feminist, pianist and writer

Jorge Enrique Abello (born 1968), Colombian actor

José Abello Silva, Colombian drug trafficker

Juan Abelló (born 1941), Spanish businessman and art collector

Montserrat Abelló i Soler (1918–2014), Spanish poet and translator
1884–85 Irish Cup
The 1884–85 Irish Cup was the 5th edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knock-out cup competition in Irish football.

Distillery won the tournament for the 2nd time and 2nd year in a row, defeating Limavady 5–0 in the final.

Irish Cup
The Irish Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly referred to as the Irish Cup (currently known as the Clearer Water Irish Cup for sponsorship purposes) is the primary football knockout cup competition in Northern Ireland. Inaugurated in 1881, it is the fourth-oldest national cup competition in the world. Prior to the break-away from the Irish Football Association by clubs from what would become the Irish Free State in 1921, the Irish Cup was the national cup competition for the whole of Ireland.

Since 3 October 2023, the cup has been sponsored by Clearer Water. It was previously sponsored by Nationwide Building Society, Bass Ireland Ltd, JJB Sports, Tennent's Lager and Sadler's Peaky Blinder and Samuel Gelston's Irish Whiskey.

Dungannon Swifts are the current holders after defeating Cliftonville 4–3 on penalties in the 2025 final.
Edna Morton
Edna Morton (April 2, 1894 – July 31, 1980) was an American actress who was in films in the 1920s. She starred in mainly race films most of them produced by Reol Productions. Her most notable films being Spitfire (1922), Easy Money (1922), and The Call of His People (1921). She was also in a film by Oscar Micheaux called A Son of Satan (1924). She is known to have been in ten films in total. She was referred to as "the colored Mary Pickford".

Race film
The race film or race movie was a genre of film produced in the United States between about 1915 and the early 1950s, consisting of films produced for black audiences, and featuring black casts. Approximately five hundred race films were produced. Of these, fewer than one hundred remain. Because race films were produced outside the Hollywood studio system, they were largely forgotten by mainstream film historians until they resurfaced in the 1980s on the BET cable network. In their day, race films were very popular among African-American theatergoers. Their influence continues to be felt in cinema and television marketed to African-Americans.

The term "race film" is sometimes used to describe films of the period aimed at other minority audiences. For instance, the 1926 film Silk Bouquet (also known as The Dragon Horse) starred the Asian-American actress Anna May Wong and was marketed to Chinese-American audiences.
Harald Eidheim
Harald Eidheim (9 February 1925 − 20 October 2012) was a Norwegian social anthropologist.

He was born in Volda Municipality. In 1946 he moved to Sápmi for the first time, as a teacher in Nesseby, in a region under reconstruction after German troops had employed scorched earth tactics in World War II.

After taking his mag.art. degree in 1958, Eidheim was a research fellow for NAVF from 1959. In 1962 he became lecturer at the University of Oslo, being among the founders of the Department of Social Anthropology. He was promoted to associate professor in 1970 and worked as such until his retirement in 1990. Eidheim did research in Dominica and was a guest scholar at the University of the West Indies (1968–1969), before he later studied the Masai people and was a guest scholar at the International Livestock Centre for Africa (1977–1978). He was also involved in Sami studies and the study of ethnic relations and was an adjunct professor at the University of Tromsø. He died in 2012.

Volda Municipality
Volda is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Volda. Other villages in the municipality include Dravlaus, Fyrde, Straumshamn, Leira, Bjørke, and Grodås. The municipality is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the town of Ålesund.

The 877-square-kilometre (339 sq mi) municipality is the 132nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Volda Municipality is the 104th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 11,093. The municipality's population density is 12.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (33/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Minister for Commonwealth Games Delivery (Victoria)
The Minister for Commonwealth Games Delivery was the minister responsible for the organisation, implementation, and the delivery of the 2006 Commonwealth Games and later the 2026 Commonwealth Games for the Victorian Government. The individual who holds this office directed the government's approach to delivering the 2006 Commonwealth Games and the now canceled 2026 Commonwealth Games through the organising committee, Commonwealth Games Australia, and other government agencies. Since the introduction of the Ministry by the Andrews government in June 2022, the position has been held by Jacinta Allan.

Since the announcement of the 2026 games' cancelation, Dan Andrews withdrew the position from his ministry.

Second Andrews ministry
The Second Andrews ministry was the 70th ministry of the Government of Victoria. The Labor government, led by Premier Daniel Andrews and Deputy Premier James Merlino, was officially sworn in on 29 November 2018, following the party's second consecutive victory at the 2018 state election, which was held on 24 November 2018.

At the time of its formation, the ministry consisted of 22 ministers, eleven of whom were women, making it the first cabinet in Victoria's history to reach gender parity. To accommodate this change Philip Dalidakis was removed from his cabinet position. However, his work as a minister was praised by Andrews. Following the resignation of Gavin Jennings and the appointment of Ros Spence on 23 March 2020, the Cabinet became majority female.

The Second Andrews ministry succeeded the First Andrews ministry, and was succeeded by the Third Andrews ministry.
The Dance Class (Degas, Metropolitan Museum of Art)
The Dance Class is an 1874 oil painting on canvas by the French artist Edgar Degas. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York.

The painting and its companion work in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris, are amongst the most ambitious works by Degas on the theme of ballet. The imaginary scene depicts a dance class being held under the supervision of Jules Perrot, a famous ballet master, in the old Paris Opera, which had actually burnt down the previous year.
The poster on the wall for Rossini's Guillaume Tell is a tribute to the operatic singer Jean-Baptiste Faure, who had commissioned the work.

The painting is on view in the Metropolitan Museum's Gallery 815 as of December 2023.

William Tell (opera)
William Tell (French: Guillaume Tell; Italian: Guglielmo Tell) is a French-language opera in four acts by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Victor-Joseph Étienne de Jouy and L. F. Bis, based on Friedrich Schiller's play Wilhelm Tell, which, in turn, drew on the William Tell legend. The opera was Rossini's last, although he lived for nearly 40 more years. Fabio Luisi said that Rossini planned for Guillaume Tell to be his last opera even as he composed it. The often-performed overture in four sections features a depiction of a storm and a vivacious finale, the "March of the Swiss Soldiers".

Paris Opéra archivist Charles Malherbe discovered the original orchestral score of the opera in the hands of a second-hand bookseller, resulting in its being acquired by the Paris Conservatoire in 1898.
Traditional games of Nigeria
Nigeria has several traditional games, though they have faded away due to lack of support and the dominance of Western sports. Traditional games historically played a significant role in teaching Nigerian children about the structure of their societies.

Western sports
Western sports are sports that are strongly associated with the West. Many modern sports were invented in or standardized by Western countries; in particular, many major sports were invented in the United Kingdom after the Industrial Revolution, and later, America invented some major sports such as basketball and baseball.

Western European colonialism and American influence were the initial causes of the spread of Western sports around the world. Later, globalization and the prominent role of Western sports in the Olympic Games helped further grow Western sports. The most-watched international sporting event is the FIFA World Cup, which showcases the Western sport of football (also known as soccer).
Free dance
Free dance is a 20th-century dance form that preceded modern dance. Rebelling against the rigid constraints of classical ballet, Loie Fuller, Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis (with her work in theater) developed their own styles of free dance and laid the foundations of American modern dance with their choreography and teaching. In Europe, Rudolf Laban, Emile Jaques-Dalcroze and François Delsarte developed their own theories of human movement and methods of instruction that led to the development of European modern and Expressionist dance.

Free dance was prolific in Central and Eastern Europe, where national schools were created, such as the School of Musical Movement (Heptachor), in Russia, and the Orkesztika School, in Hungary.

Josh Owings added much to the style of Free dance in North America. His style revolved around swift body movements combined with passionate facial expressions.

Set (music)
In music theory, as in mathematics (see set) and general parlance, a set (pitch set, pitch-class set, set class, set form, set genus, pitch collection) is a collection of objects. In musical set theory, the term set is traditionally applied most often to collections of pitches or pitch-classes, but theorists have extended its use to other types of musical entities, so that one may speak of sets of durations or timbres as well, for example.

A set by itself does not necessarily possess any additional structure, such as an ordering or permutation. Nevertheless, it is often musically important to consider sets that are equipped with an order relation (called segments); in such contexts, bare sets are often referred to as unordered, for the sake of emphasis.

A time-point set is a duration set where the distance in time units between attack points, or time-points, is the distance in semitones between pitch classes.
Paracarinachites
Paracarinachites is a genus of sclerite-bearing creatures known from the early Cambrian period, originating around 530-520 Ma. They are often represented within the distinguished small shelly fauna (SSF) group because of their minuscule size-from only a few millimeters long, and because of their overt mineralized skeletons. Most SSF are from the clade Lophotrochozoa, however, it is unclear whether Paracarinachites are identified for certain as there have been rare cases of ecdysozoan SSF. Little is still known about the animal due to limited fossil collections; there are currently 27 known collections from China according to Fossilworks.

Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
Denis Coffey
Denis Coffey (born 1983) is an Irish hurler who played as a right corner-back for the Waterford senior team.

Coffey joined the team during the 2004 National League and was a semi-regular member of the team until after the 2008. During that time he won Munster medals and one National League medal as a non-playing substitute.

At club level Coffey is a dual player with the Sliabh gCua–St Mary's club.

2008 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 2008 was the 122nd since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The first matches of the season were played on 25 May 2008, and the championship ended on 7 September 2008. Kilkenny went into the 2008 championship as defending champions, having won their thirtieth All-Ireland title the previous year.

The championship culminated with the All-Ireland final, held at Croke Park, Dublin. The match was contested by Kilkenny and Waterford.  It was their first meeting in the final since 1963.  Kilkenny won the game by 3–30 to 1–13.  It was their third All-Ireland title in succession and a record thirty-first for the county. Kilkenny overtook Cork with the most All Ireland Titles. A position which they have not lost since.