hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Filter cake
A filter cake is formed by the substances that are retained on a filter. Filter aids, such as diatomaceous earth or activated carbon are usually used to form the filter cake. The purpose is to increase flow rate or achieve a smaller micron filtration. The filter cake grows in the course of filtration, becoming "thicker" as particulate matter and filter aid is retained on the filter.

With increasing layer thickness, the flow resistance of the filter cake increases. After a time, the filter cake has to be removed from the filter, e.g. by backflushing. If this is not accomplished, the filtration is disrupted because the resistance of the filter cake gets too high; hence, too little of the mixture to be filtered can pass through the filter cake, and the filter becomes plugged or clogged. The specifications of the filter cake dictate the filtration method of choice.

Drag (physics)
In fluid dynamics, drag, sometimes referred to as fluid resistance, and also known as viscous force, is a force acting opposite to the direction of motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers, or between a fluid and a solid surface. Drag forces tend to decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.

Unlike other resistive forces, drag force depends on velocity. Drag force is proportional to the relative velocity for low-speed flow and is proportional to the velocity squared for high-speed flow. This distinction between low and high-speed flow is measured by the Reynolds number.
Wanless, Manitoba
Wanless is an unincorporated hamlet in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is located approximately 50 km (31 mi) north of The Pas, close to Rocky Lake, within the Rural Municipality of Kelsey. Wanless had an estimated population of 183 in the mid-2010s. The place was named after homesteader Jack Wanless. Wanless is the only community in the Rural Municipality of Kelsey to be an enclave surrounded by land ungoverned by a municipality, besides Cranberry Portage. Wanless is served by the Manitoba Highway 10.

The town has a community centre, playground, church, and a fire station, provided by the Wanless Community Club, which also hosts some events within the community. Duck hunting is an important part of the tourism of Wanless, and also has a few hunting and fishing lodges. The Jimmy Jackfish Ice Fishing Derby happens in March in the Wanless area.

Cranberry Portage
Cranberry Portage is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district located in the Rural Municipality of Kelsey, Manitoba. It was an important part of the pre-European contact trade routes of the Cree and Assiniboine peoples. Long before the fur trade with the Bay and during the Fur Trade, this location was used as a campsite and portage between Grassy River, at the head of a number of well-used routes from Hudson Bay, and Lake Athapapuskow, which connected to the Saskatchewan River system. Once on the Saskatchewan routes were open through the prairies to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.
Markovian
Markovian is an adjective that may describe:

In probability theory and statistics, subjects named for Andrey Markov:
A Markov chain or Markov process, a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events
The Markov property, the memoryless property of a stochastic process

The Markovians, an extinct god-like species in Jack L. Chalker's Well World series of novels

Markovian Parallax Denigrate, references a mysterious series of Usenet messages

Andrey Markov
Andrey Andreyevich Markov (14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1856 – 20 July 1922) was a Russian mathematician celebrated for his pioneering work in stochastic processes. He extended foundational results—such as the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem—to sequences of dependent random variables, laying the groundwork for what would become known as Markov chains. To illustrate his methods, he analyzed the distribution of vowels and consonants in Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, treating letters purely as abstract categories and stripping away any poetic or semantic content.

He was also a strong chess player.

Markov and his younger brother Vladimir Andreyevich Markov (1871–1897) proved the Markov brothers' inequality. His son, another Andrey Andreyevich Markov (1903–1979), was also a notable mathematician, making contributions to constructive mathematics and recursive function theory.
Hale Irwin
Hale S. Irwin (born June 3, 1945) is an American professional golfer. He was one of the world's leading golfers from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. He is one of the few players in history to win three U.S. Opens, becoming the oldest ever U.S. Open champion in 1990 at the age of 45. As a senior golfer, Irwin ranks second all-time in PGA Tour Champions victories. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in Champions Tour history. He has also developed a career as a golf course architect.

Wendy's Champions Skins Game
The Wendy's Champions Skins Game was an unofficial golf tournament on the Champions Tour. It was played annually in January/February in Maui, Hawaii at Kaanapali Golf Resort (Royal Kaanapali Golf Course). Wendy's was the main sponsor of the tournament.  Before that, from 2001 through 2007, it was played at the Wailea Golf Club in Maui on their Gold Course.

The tournament was founded in 1988 as the Senior Skins Game. It was played in a skins game format where each hole, and the money or "skin" associated with it, was won by one player only if they win that hole outright. If no player won the hole, the "skin" carried over to the next hole. From 1988 to 2005, it was played as an individual event with four players (five in 1991). Beginning in 2006, it was played as an alternate-shot two-man team event with four teams.

The tournament was discontinued in December 2011. The purse for the final tournament in 2011 was US$770,000.
Jens Revold
Jens Revold (born 29 August 1948) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He graduated as siv.øk. from BI Norwegian Business School in 1975, and cand.polit. from the University of Tromsø in 1980. He has also been a member of Tromsø city council.

In October 2007 he was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Education and Research.

Ministry of Education and Research (Norway)
The Royal Ministry of Education and Research (Norwegian: Kunnskapsdepartementet, KD; full name: Det kongelige kunnskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry responsible for education, research and kindergartens. The ministry was established in 1814 as the Royal Ministry of Church and Education Affairs.

The current Minister of Education is Kari Nessa Nordtun and the current Minister of Research and Higher Education is Sigrun Gjerløw Aasland, both of whom are of the Labour Party The department reports to the legislature (Stortinget).
Peeter Turnau
Peeter Turnau (born 30 August 1994) is an Estonian fencer.

He was born in Haapsalu. In 2016 he graduated from Tallinn University of Technology.

He began his fencing career in 2004, coached by his father. Since 2015 his coach is also Jaanus Veske. He won silver medal at 2015 European Fencing Championships in team épée. He is 3-times Estonian champion. Since 2012 he is a member of Estonian national fencing team.

Haapsalu
Haapsalu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈhɑːpsɑlu]) is a seaside resort town located on the west coast of Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Lääne County, and on 1 January 2020 it had a population of 9,375.
7 for All Mankind
7 For All Mankind (often referred to simply as 7FAM) is an American denim brand founded by Michael Glasser, Peter Koral, and Jerome Dahan in 2000 and headquartered in Vernon, California.  It was purchased by the VF Corporation in 2007 and sold to Delta Galil Industries in 2016.

7 For All Mankind jeans are characteristically tight-fitting and mid-rise.

Denim
Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This twill weave produces a diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck.  Denim, as it is recognised today, was first produced in Nîmes, France.

Denim is available in a range of colors, but the most common denim is indigo denim in which the warp thread is dyed while the weft thread is left white. As a result of the warp-faced twill weaving, one side of the textile is dominated by the blue warp threads, and the other side is dominated by the white weft threads. Jeans fabricated from this cloth are thus predominantly white on the inside. Denim is used to create a wide variety of garments, accessories, and furniture.
Ulieș
Ulieș (Hungarian: Kányád) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The commune is composed of eight villages: Daia (Székelydálya), Iașu (Jásfalva), Ighiu (Ége), Nicolești (Miklósfalva), Obrănești (Abránfalva), Petecu (Petek), Ulieș, and Vasileni (Homoródszentlászló).

The route of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail passes through the villages of Daia, Iașu, and Ulieș.

Via Transilvanica
Via Transilvanica 'The Transylvanian Trail' is a hiking trail that crosses the Transylvania, Bukovina and Banat regions of Romania, and is meant to promote their cultural, ethnic, historical and natural diversity. It was built between 2018 and 2022, with its design and conception heavily inspired by historical pilgrims' ways and hiking trails, such as The Way of St. James and The Appalachian Trail. Starting at Putna, Suceava County, it stretches over 1,428 kilometres (887 miles), 10 counties of Romania, over 400 communities, and 8 UNESCO World Heritage sites, ending in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Mehedinți County. Its motto is "The road that unites".
2012 Internazionali di Monza e Brianza – Doubles
Johan Brunström and Frederik Nielsen were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Andrey Golubev and Yuri Schukin won the title by defeating Teymuraz Gabashvili and Stefano Ianni 7–6(7–4), 5–7, [10–7] in the final.

Johan Brunström
Johan Brunström (born 3 April 1980) is a professional Swedish tennis player. His highest ATP doubles ranking is no. 31, which he reached on 22 March 2010. His career high in singles is no. 377, which he reached on 24 September 2007.  He made his Davis Cup debut against Serbia in February 2012, with a win in doubles with partner Robert Lindstedt.

In June 2012, he reached the second round of Wimbledon men's doubles partnering Philipp Marx. They lost to David Marrero and Andreas Seppi.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's doubles with Lindstedt.
1919 Victorian local elections
The 1919 Victorian local elections were held on 28 August 1919 to elect the councils of 42 of the local government areas in Victoria, Australia. Two councils also held mayoral elections.

Until the 1994 reforms introduced by the Kennett state government, all local elections were staggered, with not all councillors up for election each year.

Labor gained several council seats, with the vast majority of their candidates running as Caucus Labor candidates. Socialist councillor A.G. McDonnell retained his seat with 53.51% of the vote in Northcote's North Ward.

A large number of elections were unopposed, and The Argus observed that "in only a few cases did the electors show any marked interest in the result".

Uncontested election
An uncontested election is an election in which the winning candidate did not face a serious challenger. This often entails the number of candidates being the same as or fewer than the number of places available for election, meaning that all candidates are guaranteed to be elected unless there are provisions provided for this. For example, in some election systems, absence of opposing candidates may not guarantee victory; possible factors are a quorum or minimum voter turnout; a none of the above option; or the availability of write-in candidates on the ballot. In some uncontested elections, the normal process of voters casting ballots and election official counting votes is cancelled as superfluous and costly; in other cases the election proceeds as a formality.

In liberal democracies, uncontested elections are a cause for concern because many understandings of democracy, such as that of Robert Dahl, rely on the idea of voters choosing among alternatives.
Murphy Warehouse Company
Murphy Warehouse Company is a family-owned, full-service supply chain logistics company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1904, Murphy is one of the Upper Midwest's largest asset-based logistics companies and serves more than 250 companies ranging from Fortune 500 to startup companies.

The company provides a wide range of services, including warehousing, distribution, transportation, cross-docking, fulfillment and administrative, as well as international logistics through its Midwest International Logistics Center. Murphy is OSHA MNSHARP Certified and Safe Quality Food SQF Edition 9 Certified.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
Andmoreagain
"Andmoreagain" is a song written by Arthur Lee and performed by Love. It was first released on their 1967 album Forever Changes. The song was always a part of Lee's concert repertoire, even after disbanding Love.

Arthur Lee (musician)
Arthur Taylor Lee (born Arthur Porter Taylor; March 7, 1945 – August 3, 2006) was an American musician, singer and songwriter who rose to fame as the leader of the Los Angeles rock band Love. Love's 1967 album Forever Changes was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and it is part of the National Recording Registry.
Michael Healy (artist)
Michael Healy (14 November 1873 – 22 September 1941) was an Irish stained glass artist, one of a small number which included Wilhelmina Geddes, Evie Hone, and Harry Clarke, who achieved international recognition for their work in this medium in the first half of the 20th century. He also achieved some distinction as an illustrator and cartoonist early on in his artistic career, and as an ongoing recorder (in rapid pencil and watercolour impressions) of Dublin street characters going about their daily business. Healy also occasionally painted in oil, both portraits and landscapes, exhibiting a small number of the latter during his lifetime.

Clongowes Wood College
Clongowes Wood College SJ is a Catholic voluntary boarding school for boys near Clane, County Kildare, Ireland, founded by the Jesuits in 1814. It features prominently in James Joyce's semi-autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Blessed John Sullivan (Jesuit) taught at Clongowes Wood College from 1907 until his death in 1933. One of five Jesuit secondary schools in Ireland, it had 450 students in 2019.

The school's current headmaster, Christopher Lumb, is the first lay headmaster in its history.

The school is also a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference being one of only three members based in Ireland.
Sound Affects
Sound Affects is the fifth studio album by the English rock band the Jam. The album was released on 28 November 1980 by Polydor Records. It is the only Jam album to be co-produced by the band themselves, and contains the only album track co-written by the entire band, "Music for the Last Couple".

The cover art is a pastiche of the artwork used on various Sound Effects records produced by the BBC during the 1970s.

Jam frontman Paul Weller has opined that Sound Affects is the Jam's best album.

Ray Davies
Sir Raymond Douglas Davies CBE (born 21 June 1944) is an English musician. He was the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and primary songwriter for the rock band the Kinks, which he led, with his younger brother Dave providing lead guitar and backing vocals, and both of them were the only consistent members during the band's existence. He has also acted in, directed and produced shows for theatre and television. Known for focusing his lyrics on rock bands, English culture, nostalgia and social satire, he is often referred to as the "Godfather of Britpop", though he disputes this title. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Kinks in 1990. After the dissolution of the Kinks in 1996, he embarked on a solo career.
Scrobipalpa salinella
Scrobipalpa salinella, the sea-aster groundling, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found Europe, along the coast and in inland halophytic habitats. In the east, the range extends through Siberia and Central Asia to Mongolia. It is also found in North Africa.

The wingspan is 11–15 mm (0.43–0.59 in). Adults have been recorded on wing from June to September.

The larvae feed on Salicornia fruticosa (syn. Arthrocnemum fruticosum), Arthrocaulon macrostachyum (syn. Arthrocnemum macrostachyum) and Salicornia europaea. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Salicornia europaea
Salicornia europaea, known as marsh samphire, common glasswort or just glasswort, is a halophytic annual dicot flowering plant. Other common names include pickle weed, saltwort, and chicken toe (due to the shape). It is a succulent plant with high water content, accounting for its slightly translucent look (the source of the name 'glasswort'). It is found near saline water in Europe and is edible both raw and cooked.
Yakami Domain
Yakami Domain (八上藩, Yakami-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Tanba Province (modern-day Sasayama, Hyōgo). It was ruled by Maeda Shigekatsu (a son of Maeda Gen'i) and then by Matsudaira Yasushige, the head of the Matsui-Matsudaira clan. The domain was abolished in 1609. It was replaced by the Sasayama Domain in the same year of 1609.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Korean Chinese in Korea
Korean Chinese in Korea (Chinese: 在韩朝鲜族; pinyin: Zàihán Cháoxiǎnzú), also called Jaehan Joseonjok (Korean: 재한조선족, romanized: Jaehan Joseonjok) are Chinese nationals of Korean ethnicity who live in Korea, primarily South Korea, with a visa or after having changed their nationality. They are a diasporic community whose ancestors migrated to China in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and have since relocated to Korea.

Romanization of Korean
The romanization of Korean is the use of the Latin script to transcribe the Korean language.

There are multiple romanization systems in common use. The two most prominent systems are McCune–Reischauer (MR) and Revised Romanization (RR). MR is almost universally used in Western academic Korean studies, and a variant of it has been the official system of North Korea since 1992. RR is the official system of South Korea and has been in use since 2000.

The earliest romanization systems for Korean emerged around the mid-19th century. Due to a number of factors, including the properties of the Korean language and alphabet, as well as social and geopolitical issues, a single settled standard did not emerge. By 1934, there were 27 extant romanization systems, and by 1997, there were over 40.
Krasnogvardeysky District, Adygea
Krasnogvardeysky District (Russian: Красногварде́йский райо́н; Adyghe: Красногвардейскэ къедзыгъо) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the seven in the Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders with Ust-Labinsky District of Krasnodar Krai in the north, Shovgenovsky District in the east, Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai in the south, and with Krasnodar Reservoir in the west. Its borders with Teuchezhsky District (in the west) and Dinskoy District of Krasnodar Krai (in the northwest) pass through the waters of Krasnodar Reservoir. The area of the district is 725.52 square kilometers (280.12 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnogvardeyskoye. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 30,868, with the population of Krasnogvardeyskoye accounting for 30.6% of that number.

Ust-Labinsky District
Ust-Labinsky District (Russian: Усть-Лабинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Ust-Labinsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the krai. The area of the district is 1,511 square kilometers (583 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ust-Labinsk. Population:  112,900 (2010 Census); 115,442 (2002 Census); 100,770 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ust-Labinsk accounts for 38.3% of the district's total population.
Deanna C. C. Peluso
Deanna C. C. Peluso (born 1979) is a Canadian, educator in Counselling and School Counselling, musician, composer, music educator, author and researcher in Vancouver, British Columbia.  Peluso's work centers on arts-based, relational, and culturally responsive approaches to school counselling and education. She is a Principal Faculty Member and Graduate Supervisor in the Master of Education in School Counselling and Master of Arts in Counselling programs at City University in Canada.

Her earlier work involved immersion in the academic and experiential fields of music, psychology, performance art, technology and education to fuel what is called a unique style of research that focused on how youth engage in Participatory cultures, social media and artistic and musical learning.

Participatory culture
Participatory culture, an opposing concept to consumer culture, is a culture in which private individuals (the public) do not act as consumers only, but also as contributors or producers (prosumers). The term is most often applied to the production or creation of some type of published media.
Kawuneeche Valley
Kawuneeche Valley, also known as Kawuneeche or  Coyote Valley, is a marshy valley of the Colorado River near its beginning. It is located on the west side of Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado. The axis of the valley runs almost directly north to south. Kawuneeche means "valley of the coyote" in  Arapaho language and there is a Coyote Valley Trail head by US Route 34 in the western half of the park. Coyotes still live here, as do wapiti (elk), mule deer,  moose (introduced in 1978 into nearby North Park), and mountain lion.

Along the main part of valley runs the lower section of the Trail Ridge Road - the highest continuous paved road in the United States.

Species reintroduction
Species reintroduction is the deliberate release of a species into the wild, from captivity or other areas where the organism is capable of survival. The goal of species reintroduction is to establish a healthy, genetically diverse, self-sustaining population to an area where it has been extirpated, or to augment an existing population. Species that may be eligible for reintroduction are typically threatened or endangered in the wild. However, reintroduction of a species can also be for pest control; for example, wolves being reintroduced to a wild area to curb an overpopulation of deer. Because reintroduction may involve returning native species to localities where they had been extirpated, some prefer the term "reestablishment".

Humans have been reintroducing species for food and pest control for thousands of years. However, the practice of reintroducing for conservation is much younger, starting in the 20th century.