hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
AN/ALQ-221
AN/ALQ-221 Advanced Defensive System is a radar warning receiver and electronic countermeasures (ECM) system manufactured by BAE Systems in Nashua, New Hampshire, for use on US Air Force U-2 Dragonlady reconnaissance aircraft. It provides U-2 pilots with situational awareness and protection against threats that might reach the aircraft at mission altitudes of 70,000 feet plus. The system is part of the Block 20 modernization program of the U-2 aircraft integrated with upgraded avionics and multifunction cockpit displays.

Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy. The system may make many separate targets appear to the enemy, or make the real target appear to disappear or move about randomly. It is used effectively to protect aircraft from guided missiles. Most air forces use ECM to protect their aircraft from attack. It has also been deployed by military ships and recently on some advanced tanks to fool laser/IR guided missiles. It is frequently coupled with stealth advances, so the ECM systems have an easier job. Offensive ECM often takes the form of jamming. Self-protecting (defensive) ECM includes blip enhancement and jamming missile terminal homers.
Cotia
Cotia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The population is 274.413 (2022 est.) in an area of 323.99 km2. The city is at an elevation of 853 m. Cotia is linked with the Rodovia Raposo Tavares highway.

The municipality is made up of the headquarters and the district of Caucaia do Alto, with its former districts of Jandira, Itapevi and Vargem Grande Paulista (originally called Raposo Tavares) having been split off to form new municipalities.

António Raposo Tavares
António Raposo Tavares (1598–1658), known as the Elder (Portuguese: o Velho), was a Portuguese bandeirante who explored mainland eastern South America and claimed it for Portugal, extending the territory of the colony beyond the limits imposed by the Treaty of Tordesillas. He also led the largest expedition ever made in the Americas, covering over 10,000 kilometres (over 6,200 mi) around South America, unifying completely the two large South American river basins and the Andes in a single voyage. Raposo Tavares departed from São Paulo towards the rivers of the Río de la Plata Basin (mainly the Paraguay River) and the Andean slopes, and from there to Belém, at the mouth of the Amazon. Raposo Tavares was partly of Jewish origin according to the Jewish historian Anita Novinsky.
Crystallaria
Crystallaria is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish which is classified in the subfamily Etheostomatinae, commonly known as the darters, part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. They are found in the Mississippi River basin from Ohio to Minnesota and in southern Mississippi, northern Louisiana, and southeastern Oklahoma, and on the Gulf Slope of Escambia, Mobile Bay, and the Pearl River drainages.  They have now been extirpated from Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois.

Gymnocephalus
Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
Budhrai Tudu
Budhrai Tudu is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party. In May 2021, he was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Tapan constituency. He defeated Kalpana Kisku of All India Trinamool Congress by 1,650 votes in 2021 West Bengal Assembly election.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Platycypha auripes
Platycypha auripes, also known as Tanzania jewel,  is a species of damselfly in the family Chlorocyphidae. It is endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania. It occurs in and around forest streams. Classified as endangered by the IUCN, it is threatened by habitat loss caused by agriculture and wood extraction.

Endangered species (IUCN status)
Endangered species, as classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), are species which have been categorized as very likely to become extinct in their known native ranges in the near future. On the IUCN Red List, endangered is the second-most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after critically endangered. In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered worldwide. The figures for 1998 were 1,102 and 1,197 respectively.
Andrew Lanza
Andrew Joseph Lanza (born March 12, 1964) is an American lawyer and Republican politician. He is a member of the New York State Senate, representing the 24th district, which includes most of Staten Island. He was elected in 2006 after having served on the New York City Council for the 51st district.

New York City's 51st City Council district
New York City's 51st City Council district is one of 51 districts in the New York City Council. It has been represented by Republican Frank Morano since 2025, succeeding fellow Republican Joe Borelli.

The district holds a number of distinctions. It is by far the most Republican-leaning Council district in the city, it is the only Council district to have more registered Republicans than Democrats, it is the largest Council district by area, and, at 84% white, it is the city's whitest and most politically conservative Council district.
Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis I
Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Thuringia. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 8. It covers the northwestern part of Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis.

Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis I was created for the 1994 state election. Since 2019, it has been represented by Jonas Urbach of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

1994 Thuringian state election
The 1994 Thuringian state election was held on 16 October 1994 to elect the members of the 2nd Landtag of Thuringia. The incumbent coalition government of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Bernhard Vogel was defeated. The CDU suffered only minor losses, but the FDP lost its representation the Landtag. After the election, the CDU formed a grand coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD), and Vogel continued in office.
Lori Passmore
Lori Anne Passmore FRS is a Canadian/British cryo electron microscopist and structural biologist who works at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) at the University of Cambridge. Since 2024 she has served as Joint Head of the LMB's Structural Studies Division. She is known for her work on multiprotein complexes involved in gene expression and development of new supports for cryo-EM.

Cryogenic electron microscopy
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a transmission electron microscopy technique applied to samples cooled to cryogenic temperatures. Developed in the 1970s, advances in detector technology and software allow biomolecular structures to be imaged at near-atomic resolution. The approach has become a popular alternative to X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy in structural biology.

When scanning biological specimens, sample structure is preserved by embedding in vitreous ice. An aqueous sample solution is applied to a grid-mesh and plunge-frozen in liquid ethane or a mixture of liquid ethane and propane.

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution." Nature Methods also named cryo-EM as the "Method of the Year" in 2015.
Arruns
Arruns, also spelled Aruns, is an Etruscan praenomen, thought to mean "prince."  Various figures in Roman legend and history were known by this name, including:

Aruns, an ally of Troy in Roman legend who killed Turnus' ally Camilla, and was killed by the goddess Diana's companion Opis, sent by Diana to avenge Camilla and retrieve her corpse;

Arruns Porsena, son of Lars Porsena, the legendary king of Clusium;

Arruns Tarquinius (son of Demaratus), the grandfather of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, one of the first Roman consuls in 509 BC;

Arruns Tarquinius (Egerius), the father of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus;

Arruns Tarquinius (brother of Tarquin the Proud), murdered by his wife, Tullia, who subsequently married his brother, Lucius, the seventh and last King of Rome;

Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud), slain in battle with Lucius Junius Brutus, colleague of Tarquinius Collatinus.

Arruns Tarquinius (son of Demaratus)
Arruns Tarquinius was the younger son of Demaratus of Corinth, who migrated to the Etruscan city of Tarquinii in the seventh century BC.  He died shortly before his father, leaving his wife pregnant.  When Demaratus died, he left no inheritance for his grandson, also named Arruns, who was thus born into poverty, although Demaratus had been wealthy.  The child came to be called Egerius, meaning "the needy one."

Demaratus' elder son, Lucius, migrated to Rome, where he eventually rose to the throne as Lucius Tarquinius Priscus.  After subduing the Latin town of Collatia, Tarquin placed his nephew in charge of the Roman garrison there.  Egerius was the father of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, one of the first Roman consuls in 509 BC.
Idaho State Highway 69
State Highway 69 (SH-69) is a 8.012-mile (12.894 km) state highway in Ada County, Idaho, United States, that connects East Avalon Street and North Orchard Avenue in Kuna with Interstate 84/U.S. Route 30/Idaho State Highway 55 (I-84/US 30/SH-55) in Meridian. SH-69 is the northern part of the Western Heritage Historic Byway, in the National Scenic Byways Program. SH-69 is a five-lane road for its entire length.

Kuna, Idaho
Kuna (/ˈkjuːnə/ KYOO-nə) is a city in Ada County, Idaho. It is part of the Boise metropolitan area. The population was 24,011 at the time of the 2020 census.

Kuna is one of the fastest-growing areas in Idaho, having nearly tripled in population between 2000 and 2010 and a nearly additional 60 percent gain between 2010 and 2020.
Senapura Rehabilitation Centre
Senapura Rehabilitation Centre is a rehabilitation centre located in the Welikanda Divisional Secretariat, Polonnaruwa District, North Central Province in Sri Lanka. The rehabilitation centre is currently used to treat drug addicts and COVID-19 patients along with Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre.

The rehabilitation centre was also used as a workshop to give counselling to former LTTE members and awareness about environmental conservation by the Ministry of Environment.

In March 2020, the rehabilitation centre was proposed by the Government of Sri Lanka as one of the major quarantine centres to conduct PCR tests for passengers and tourists from foreign countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. In August 2020 the Sri Lankan government made compulsory guidelines for foreign passengers to undergo a 14-day mandatory self quarantine at the centre.

Government of Sri Lanka
The Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය, romanised: Śrī Laṅkā Rajaya; Tamil: இலங்கை அரசாங்கம், romanised: Ilaṇkai Aracāṅkam) is a semi-presidential republic determined by the Sri Lankan Constitution. It administers the island from both its commercial capital of Colombo and the administrative capital of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.
British Aerospace Nimrod AEW3
The British Aerospace Nimrod AEW3 was a proposed airborne early warning (AEW) aircraft which was to provide airborne radar cover for the air defence of the United Kingdom by the Royal Air Force (RAF). The project was designed to use the existing Nimrod airframe, in use with the RAF as a maritime patrol aircraft, combined with a new radar system and avionics package developed by Marconi Avionics.

The Nimrod AEW project proved to be hugely complex and expensive as a result of the difficulties of producing new radar and computer systems and integrating them successfully into the Nimrod airframe. The project was eventually cancelled, with the RAF instead purchasing new build Boeing E-3 Sentry aircraft to fulfil the AEW requirement.

Maritime patrol aircraft
A maritime patrol aircraft (MPA), also known as a patrol aircraft, maritime reconnaissance aircraft, maritime surveillance aircraft, or by the older American term patrol bomber, is a fixed-wing aircraft designed to operate for long durations over water in maritime patrol roles — in particular anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-ship warfare (AShW), and search and rescue (SAR).

In addition to dedicated airframes, mid-size and large business jets have been modified for MPA missions, offering rapid deployment, extended range, long endurance, and lower life-cycle costs.

Among other maritime surveillance resources, such as satellites, ships, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and helicopters, the MPA is an important asset. To perform ASW operations, MPAs typically carry air-deployable sonar buoys as well as torpedoes and are usually capable of extended flight at low altitudes.
Erica sparrmanni
Erica sparrmanni is a species of flowering plant belonging to the genus Erica. The species is endemic to the Cape Provinces. The specific epithet has subsequently been spelt in various ways, but the original description by Carl Linnaeus the Younger used sparrmanni. The International Plant Names Index notes that this is based on the Latinized name "Sparrmannus".

Flowers

Carl Linnaeus the Younger
Carl Linnaeus the Younger, Carolus Linnaeus the Younger, Carl von Linné den yngre (Swedish; abbreviated Carl von Linné d. y.), or Linnaeus filius (Latin for Linnaeus the son; abbreviated L.fil. (outdated) or L.f. (modern) as a botanical authority; 20 January 1741 – 1 November 1783) was a Swedish naturalist. His names distinguish him from his father, the pioneering taxonomist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).
TKT
TKT could refer to:

Teaching Knowledge Test, an English teaching qualification

The Killing Tree, an American punk band

Transketolase, a human enzyme and gene

Tak Airport, Thailand (IATA:TKT)

Kathoriya Tharu, spoken in India and Nepal (ISO 639-3:tkt)

Tampereen Kisatoverit, a Finnish multi-sport club

Tak Airport
Tak Airport (IATA: TKT, ICAO: VTPT) is in Nam Ruem subdistrict, Mueang Tak district, Tak province in northern Thailand.

From November 1990 to March 1994, Thai Airways International served the routes of Tak Airport. There are no airlines in service since then, but the Tak Airport is still in operation.

In 2020, the Department of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation has established the Northern Royal Rainmaking Operations Center in Tak Province, using the Tak Airport's area. The construction is expected to be completed in 2023, and planned to move all Northern Royal Rainmaking operations from the Chiang Mai Center and Chiang Mai Airport to the new Tak Center.
Art Oliver
Arthur Oliver (March 25, 1911 – June 1, 1944) was an American boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 2016, the 1936 Olympic journey of the eighteen Black American athletes, including Oliver, was documented in the film Olympic Pride, American Prejudice.

Post competing in the 1936 Olympics, he left his brief career as a professional boxer to join the army and fight in World War II. After being honorably discharged he worked for American Maize Products Company.

He was born in Mississippi and died at the crossing in Robertsdale, southeast of Hammond, Indiana when the truck he was riding in collided with a passenger train.

In August 1935, while still an amateur he served as sparring partner for Joe Louis. In 1936 he represented Chicago at the Intercity Golden Gloves, which he won. In the same year Oliver attended the Olympics, where he was eliminated in the second round of the heavyweight class after losing his fight to Olle Tandberg.

Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Heavyweight
The men's heavyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the heaviest contested, and allowed boxers over 175 pounds (79.4 kilograms). The competition was held from Monday, August 10, 1936 to Saturday, August 15, 1936. Seventeen boxers from 17 nations competed.
Ghyanglekh Rural Municipality
Ghyanglekh is a Rural municipality located within the Sindhuli District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 166.77 square kilometres (64.39 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 13,661 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Amale, Bastipur, Tamajor, Netrakali and Shanteshwari VDCs were merged to form Ghyanglekh Rural Municipality.
Ghyanglekh is divided into 5 wards, with Bastipur declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
Deep-sea community
A deep-sea community is any community of organisms associated with a shared habitat in the deep sea. Deep sea communities remain largely unexplored, due to the technological and logistical challenges and expense involved in visiting this remote biome. Because of the unique challenges (particularly the high barometric pressure, extremes of temperature, and absence of light), it was long believed that little life existed in this hostile environment. Since the 19th century however, research has demonstrated that significant biodiversity exists in the deep sea.

The three main sources of energy and nutrients for deep sea communities are marine snow, whale falls, and chemosynthesis at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.

Jacques Piccard
Jacques Piccard (28 July 1922 – 1 November 2008) was a Swiss oceanographer and engineer, known for having developed submarines for studying ocean currents. In the Challenger Deep, he and Lieutenant Don Walsh of the United States Navy were the first people to explore the deepest known part of the world's ocean, and the deepest known location on the surface of Earth's crust, the Mariana Trench, located in the western North Pacific Ocean.
American Ninja Warrior Junior
American Ninja Warrior Junior  is an American sports competition reality show on Universal Kids that premiered in 2018. It is the children's edition of American Ninja Warrior and American Ninja Warrior: Ninja vs. Ninja, which themselves are based on the Japanese game show Sasuke. As with the rest of the franchise, the series is produced by A. Smith & Co. In May 2021, it was announced that the third season would be moving to Peacock. The show planned to return for a fourth season in February 2023, but after a series of delays, the show was cancelled.

A. Smith & Co.
A. Smith & Co. Productions is an American entertainment television production company that specializes in creating unscripted reality, documentary and non-fiction programming for a wide range of networks. It was co-founded in 2000 by Arthur Smith and Kent Weed. Since 2011, it has been owned by Welsh international TV group Tinopolis. The company is known for producing adaptations of international formats such as Hell's Kitchen and American Ninja Warrior.
Matviy Nomys
Matviy Nomys (Ukrainian: Матвій Номис, real name: Matviy Terentiyovych Symonov (Матві́й Тере́нтійович Си́монов, Russian: Матвей Терентьевич Симонов), 17 November 1823, in Zarih, Orzhytsia Raion, Poltava Oblast – 26 December 1900, in Lubny) was a Ukrainian ethnographer, folklorist, writer and teacher. He is best known as an editor and publisher of one of the most comprehensive and authoritative collections of some of Ukrainian folklore genres, such as proverbs, sayings, riddles and so on.

Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast (Ukrainian: Полтавська область, romanized: Poltavska oblast), also referred to as Poltavshchyna (Ukrainian: Полтавщина), is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava. Most of its territory was part of the southern regions of the Cossack Hetmanate. Population: 1,352,283 (2022 estimate).

Three other important cities in the oblast are Horishni Plavni, Kremenchuk, and Lubny.
Lunca, Bihor
Lunca (Hungarian: Biharlonka) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Briheni (Berhény), Hotărel (Határ), Lunca, Sârbești (Szerbesd), Seghiște (Szegyesd), and Șuștiu (Susd).

Crișana
Crișana (Romanian: Crișana, Hungarian: Körösvidék, German: Kreischgebiet) is a geographical and historical region of Romania named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is bounded to the east by the Apuseni Mountains, to the south by the Mureș River, to the north by the Someș River, and to the west by the Tisza River, the Romanian-Hungarian border cutting it in two. However, in Hungary, the area between the Tisza River and  the Romanian border is usually known as Tiszántúl.
Arri
Arri Group (/ˈæri/) (stylized as "ARRI") is a German manufacturer of motion picture film equipment.  Based in Munich, the company was founded in 1917. It produces professional motion picture cameras, lenses, lighting and post-production equipment.  It is cited by Hermann Simon as an example of a "hidden champion". The Arri Alexa camera system was used to shoot several films that won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, including Hugo (2011), Life of Pi (2012), Gravity (2013), Birdman (2014), The Revenant (2015) and 1917 (2019).

Hermann Simon (business manager)
Hermann Simon (born 10 February 1947) is a German author and businessperson. He is chairman of Simon-Kucher, a strategy and marketing consultancy. He is a strategy, marketing and pricing consultant. An ongoing online German-language survey voted him the second-most influential management thinker. Simon has authored numerous books and writes articles for international newspapers and business magazines. He is also known for coining the term Servicewüste.