hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tom Lee (Florida politician)
Tom Lee (born January 21, 1962) is an American Republican politician from Florida. He represented parts of the Tampa area in the Florida Senate from 1996 to 2006, and again from 2012 to 2020. He served as Senate President from 2004 to 2006. He was the Republican nominee for Chief Financial Officer of Florida in 2006, but lost to Democratic nominee Alex Sink.

Polk County, Florida
Polk County (/poʊk/) is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. The county population was 725,046 in the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 818,330 in July 2023. Its county seat is Bartow, and its largest city is Lakeland. Polk County comprises the Lakeland–Winter Haven metropolitan statistical area (MSA). This MSA is the 77th-most populous one and the 89th-most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.

The center of Florida's population is located in Polk County, near the city of Lake Wales. Polk County is home to one public university, one state college, and four private universities.
Kenzo Maeda
Kenzo Maeda (前田 顕蔵, Maeda Kenzō; born June 27, 1982) is a current professional basketball head coach for Akita Northern Happinets in Japan and the former bench boss for the Takamatsu Five Arrows of the bj league. He also served as a support coach/translator for the Japan national basketball team.

Japan men's national basketball team
The Japan men's national basketball team, also known as Akatsuki Japan (Japanese: アカツキジャパン) represents Japan in international basketball competitions, and is administered by the Japan Basketball Association (JBA), (Japanese: 日本バスケットボール協会, Nihon Basukettobōru Kyōkai). Japan became a FIBA member in 1936, and has one of Asia's longest basketball traditions.

Japan is one of the most successful basketball teams in Asia. It has won the FIBA Asia Cup twice and is the second leading nation in qualifications to the event. On the global stage, Japan has qualified for the FIBA World Cup six times and competed at the Olympic Games on eight occasions.
Power number
For Newton number, see also Kissing number in the sphere packing problem.

The power number Np (also known as Newton number) is a commonly used dimensionless number relating the resistance force to the inertia force.

The power-number has different specifications according to the field of application. E.g., for stirrers the power number is defined as:

with

P: power

ρ: fluid density

n: rotational speed in revolutions per second

D: diameter of stirrer

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
João Augusto Ferreira de Almeida
João Augusto Ferreira de Almeida (3 April 1894 — 16 September 1917) was a soldier in the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps of the First World War. After six months of combat, he was convicted of desertion by a court martial and executed by firing squad.

He was the only Portuguese soldier to be executed in the war, and the last person executed by Portugal. The death penalty for civilian crimes had been abolished in 1867 and in the military in 1911, but reinstated in 1916 for military crimes abroad during the theatre of war.

Desertion
Desertion is the abandonment of a military duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning. This contrasts with unauthorized absence (UA) or absence without leave (AWOL /ˈeɪwɒl/), which are temporary forms of absence.
Båtvika
Båtvika  is a cove at the southern part of the island of Jan Mayen. It is located at the southeastern side of the island, in the southwestern part of Rekvedbukta, northeast of Kapp Traill. The settlement Olonkinbyen is located on the plain northeast of the cove, and Båtvika is the settlement's nearest harbour.

Kapp Traill
Kapp Traill is a headland at the southern part of the island of Jan Mayen. It defines the southwestern extension of the bay Rekvedbukta, at the southeast side of the island. The distance between Kapp Traill and Kapp Wien further southwest is about three nautical miles. The point is named after British zoologist Thomas Stewart Traill.
Burgundus
Burgundus was the mythical founder of the Burgundian tribe.  He was named as one of the five sons of Armenon, or Irmin, in Nennius' Historia Brittonum . Irmin was the son of Mannus (Alanus in the Historia Brittonum), in myth variously a war god or the first man to dwell in Europe.

Nennius
Nennius – or Nemnius or Nemnivus – was a Welsh monk of the 9th century. He has traditionally been credited with authorship of the Historia Brittonum, based on the prologue affixed to that work.

Nennius was a student of Elvodugus, commonly identified with the bishop Elfodd of Bangor, who convinced British ecclesiastics to accept the Continental dating for Easter, and who died in 809 according to the Annales Cambriae.

Nennius is believed to have lived in the area made up by Brecknockshire and Radnorshire in present-day Powys, Wales. Thus, he lived outside the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, isolated by mountains in a rural society. Because of the lack of evidence concerning the life of Nennius, he has become the subject of legend himself. Welsh traditions include Nennius with Elbodug and others said to have escaped the massacre of Welsh monks by Ethelfrid in 613, fleeing to the north.
Dgħajsa
The dgħajsa tal-pass (also known as the dgħajsa tal-mogħdija) is a traditional water taxi from Malta. The boat developed in the 17th century, and was extensively used to ferry passengers in the Grand Harbour and Marsamxett Harbour between the 18th and 20th centuries. Their use declined in the late 20th century, and today only a few dgħajjes remain in operation, ferrying tourists around the harbours. Variants of the boats are still used extensively in rowing regattas held twice a year.

Water taxi
A water taxi or a water bus is a boat used to provide public or private transport, usually, but not always, in an urban environment. Service may be scheduled with multiple stops, operating in a similar manner to a bus, or on demand to many locations, operating in a similar manner to a taxi. A boat service shuttling between two points would normally be described as a ferry rather than a water bus or taxi.

The term water taxi is usually confined to a boat operating on demand, and water bus to a boat operating on a schedule. In North American usage, the terms are roughly synonymous.

The earliest water taxi service was recorded as operating around the area that became Manchester, England.
Býškovice
Býškovice is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Býškovice lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Přerov, 37 km (23 mi) south-east of Olomouc, and 247 km (153 mi) east of Prague.

Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.
Dudley Sutphin
Dudley Vanness Sutphin (October 25, 1875 – May 18, 1926) was a prominent resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, a well-known attorney and judge, a French Legion of Honor medal winner, and an outstanding amateur tennis player.

Cincinnati Open
The Cincinnati Open is an annual professional tennis event held in Cincinnati, United States. It is played on outdoor hard courts at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason, Ohio, and is held in August. The event started on September 18, 1899, and is the oldest tennis tournament in the United States still played in (or near) its original city. It also is the third largest tennis event in the United States, after the US Open and the Indian Wells Open. It is one of the ATP Masters 1000 tournaments on the ATP Tour, and one of the WTA 1000 tournaments on the WTA Tour.
Ozurgeti, Ozurgeti Municipality
Ozurgeti (Georgian: ოზურგეთი) is a village in the Ozurgeti Municipality of Guria in western Georgia. It is located on the Natenebi River, 2 kilometres from the city Ozurgeti. On 11 April 1918, a small battle was fought there between the Ottoman Empire and the Transcaucasian Commissariat. A cemetery for the Ottoman soldiers is located in the village. From 1930 until 1989, the village was named Makharadze in honour of Filipp Makharadze, a Georgian Bolshevik.

Ozurgeti Municipality
Ozurgeti (Georgian: ოზურგეთის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Ozurgetis munitsipalit'et'i) is a municipality of Georgia, in the region of Guria. Its main town is Ozurgeti.

Ozurgeti municipality is located on the territory of western Georgia. Its area is 675 km2 (261 sq mi). Ozurgeti municipality is bordered on the west by the Black Sea, on the south by the Adjara-Guria ridge, the Choloki River and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara; Chokhatauri municipalities in the east and Lanchkhuti municipalities in the north. Black earth-alluvial and earthen soils are spread in the territory of the municipality. Red earth soils are spread in the hilly strip of the municipality. Red alloys of alluvial secondary origin are developed on the terraces of rivers, sediments, and swamps, and swampy soils are developed in the coastal zone.
Paul Connolly (education professor)
Paul Connolly is Professor of Education at Queen's University Belfast and also holds the Donald Dewar Visiting Chair in Social Justice and Public Policy at the University of Glasgow. He is Director of the Centre for Effective Education and is also the founding editor of the international peer-reviewed academic journal, Effective Education.

Connolly is founder and Co-Director of Una - A Global Learning Initiative on Children and Ethnic Diversity. Una comprises a core network of over 70 leading researchers and practitioners from 31 different countries and seeks to support the development of early childhood programmes that address the negative effects of racial and ethnic divisions and conflict on young children's lives.

On 12 October 2017 he became a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences.

Early childhood
Early childhood is a stage in human development following infancy and preceding middle childhood. It generally includes toddlerhood and some time afterward. Play age is an unspecific designation approximately within the scope of early childhood.
Trouble Walkin'
Trouble Walkin' is the second full-length solo album released by Ace Frehley (two previous albums were credited to Frehley's Comet). The album features guest performances by former Kiss drummer Peter Criss, as well as Skid Row members Sebastian Bach, Rachel Bolan and Dave Sabo.

The album peaked at No. 102 on the Billboard 200 chart. The lone single, a cover of The Move's "Do Ya", did not chart. "Hide Your Heart", co-written by Paul Stanley, first appeared on Bonnie Tyler's Hide Your Heart album, and later appeared on Kiss' Hot in the Shade, which was released four days later. Lead vocals for "2 Young 2 Die" were provided by rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Richie Scarlet. Former Kiss drummer Peter Criss was thanked for his contributions which were limited to backing vocals on "Hide Your Heart", "Trouble Walkin'", "2 Young 2 Die" and "Back to School".

UK-based company Rock Candy Records reissued this album on CD in 2014.

Rock Candy Records
Rock Candy Records is an independent record label based in the United Kingdom. Founded by ex-Kerrang! writers Derek Oliver and Dante Bonutto in 2005, the label primarily specializes in CD reissues of rock and heavy metal albums from the 1970s and 1980s. In 2017, Oliver co-founded a magazine affiliate of the label under the same name with Howard Johnson and Malcolm Dome.

The label takes its name from the Montrose song of the same name.
Brute Bernard
James Prudhomme (June 6, 1921 – July 14, 1984), was a Canadian professional wrestler, better known by the ring names Brute Bernard or Jim 'Brute' Bernhard.

He spent much of his career wrestling as part of a tag team with Skull Murphy. He competed for several wrestling promotions associated with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). He also worked for the Australia-based World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as well as the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF). He died of a gunshot while cleaning a rifle in 1984.

Championship Wrestling from Florida
Championship Wrestling from Florida (CWF) was the corporate and brand name of the Tampa, Florida, wrestling office existing from 1961, when Eddie Graham first bought into the promotion, until 1987, when it closed down. It is also referred to as Florida Championship Wrestling. When Mike Graham tried a return to promoting, the rights to the name had been acquired by an outside party, forcing him to use another name, Florida Championship Wrestling.
File association
In computing, a file association associates a file with an application capable of opening that file. More commonly, a file association associates a class of files (usually determined by their filename extension, such as .txt) with a corresponding application (such as a text editor).

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
L'Italiana in Londra
L'Italiana in Londra (The Italian Girl in London) is one of eight comic operas, termed intermezzi, which Domenico Cimarosa wrote between 1777 and 1784 for the Teatro Valle, a handsome neo-classical Roman theatre built in 1726, which still stands today.

Teatro Valle
The Teatro Valle (literally Valley Theater) is a theatre and former opera house in Rome, Italy. It was built in 1726 for the Capranica family. In the middle of the 19th century, it switched from staging opera and theatre to only performances of spoken drama. After closing down in 2010, it was squatted in 2011, then in 2014, the squatters were evicted.
Algorithmic wage discrimination
Algorithmic wage discrimination is the utilization of algorithmic bias to enable wage discrimination where workers are paid different wages for the same work. The term was coined by Veena Dubal, a law professor at the University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, in a 2023 publication.

Economic discrimination
Economic discrimination is discrimination based on economic factors. These factors can include job availability, wages, the prices and/or availability of goods and services, and the amount of capital investment funding available to minorities for business. This can include discrimination against workers, consumers, and minority-owned businesses.

It is not the same as price discrimination, the practice by which monopolists (and to a lesser extent oligopolists and monopolistic competitors) charge different buyers different prices based on their willingness to pay.
Neil Salvi
Neil Vijay Salvi (born 21 May 1965) is an Indian-born English educator and a former businessman and first-class cricketer.

Salvi was born in Gwalior in May 1965. He emigrated to England with his parents at a young age, where he studied mathematics at Christ Church, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1986 and 1987, making five appearances. He scored 131 runs in his five matches, averaging 18.71 with a high score of 36.

Salvi later studied for an MBA at INSEAD. After graduating, he went into business founding a number of start-ups. He later left business to become a schoolteacher, teaching firstly at Highgate School before moving to Oundle School in 2018. Salvi is married with two daughters and a cat.

Highgate School
Highgate School, formally Sir Roger Cholmeley's School at Highgate, is a co-educational, fee-charging, private day school, founded in 1565 in Highgate, London, England. It educates over 1,400 pupils in three sections – Highgate Pre-Preparatory School (ages 4–8), Highgate junior school (ages 8–11) and the senior school (11+) – which together comprise the Highgate Foundation. As part of its wider work the charity was from 2010 a founding partner of the London Academy of Excellence and it is now also the principal education sponsor of an associated Academy, the London Academy of Excellence Tottenham, which opened in September 2017. The principal business sponsor is Tottenham Hotspur FC. The charity also funds the Chrysalis Partnership, a scheme supporting 26 state schools in six London boroughs.
Herbert Grötzsch
Camillo Herbert Grötzsch (21 May 1902 – 15 May 1993) was a German mathematician known primarily for his work on complex analysis, specifically univalent functions and conformal mappings, and graph theory. He was the first to introduce the concept of a quasiconformal mapping. He was the discoverer and eponym of the Grötzsch graph, a triangle-free graph that requires four colors in any graph coloring, and Grötzsch's theorem, the result that every triangle-free planar graph requires at most three colors.

Triangle-free graph
In the mathematical area of graph theory, a triangle-free graph is an undirected graph in which no three vertices form a triangle of edges. Triangle-free graphs may be equivalently defined as graphs with clique number ≤ 2, graphs with girth ≥ 4, graphs with no induced 3-cycle, or locally independent graphs.

By Turán's theorem, the n-vertex triangle-free graph with the maximum number of edges is a complete bipartite graph in which the numbers of vertices on each side of the bipartition are as equal as possible.
Mustafa Jabbar
Mustafa Jabbar (pronounced [mostapʰa dʒɔbbar]; born 12 August 1949) is a Bangladeshi businessman, technology entrepreneur and a former Minister of Post and Telecommunication in the Government of Bangladesh. He also served as the president of Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services (BASIS). He was initially known for the creation of Bijoy Bengali keyboard, which was developed in 1988, and was a widely used Bengali input method before the release of Unicode based Avro Keyboard. He served as the president of Bangladesh Computer Samity, the national ICT organisation of Bangladesh for four consecutive periods. He is a champion of Bangla Bhasha Procholon Ain, 1987, and has been praised for promoting the Bengali language in the digital media.

Mujib Bahini
The Mujib Bahini, initially called the Bangladesh Liberation Force (BLF), was an politico-armed force formed during the Bangladesh Liberation War to fight against Pakistan in 1971.
The force was mainly composed of activists drawn from the Awami League and its student front, the Chhatra League. At its height, it had reportedly 10,000 members. It was organised with the active assistance of Major General Sujan Singh Uban of the Indian Army and  Research and Analysis Wing. Serajul Alam Khan and Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani, Tofael Ahmed and Abdur Razzaq were the organizers of this force.
Viola Concerto (Gould)
Morton Gould composed his Viola Concerto in 1943. The composition had to wait for nearly a decade for its premiere, in a 1952 studio recording with Milton Katims and the NBC Symphony. It didn't receive its public premiere until 1983, when it was performed by Robert Glazer and the Louisville Orchestra led by Lawrence Leighton Smith.

The concerto lasts approximately 30 minutes and consists of three movements chained without a break. It is a lyrical composition with a distinct American character ending in a hoedown dance:

Moderately fast with rhapsodic vigor and drive —

Slowly with lyrical dignity — Cadenza —

Dance (fast, with lusty verve and gusto)

Milton Katims
Milton Katims (June 24, 1909 – February 27, 2006) was an American violist and conductor.  He was music director of the Seattle Symphony for 22 years (1954–76).  In that time he added more than 75 works, made recordings, premiered new pieces and led the orchestra on several tours. He expanded the orchestra's series of family and suburban outreach concerts. He is also known for his numerous transcriptions and arrangements for viola.
Alberto Giordano Spagni Reffi
Alberto Giordano Spagni Reffi (born 11 December 1992) is a Sammarinese lawyer and politician. A member of the RETE Movement, he is the grandson of Marina Busignani Reffi.

Spagni Reffi and Gloria Arcangeloni, a fellow member of the San Marino Parliament, were caught at a party during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to them issuing a public apology. He gained his license to practice law in 2023.

Spagni Reffi supports the right to an abortion within San Marino.

RETE Movement
The RETE Movement (Italian: Movimento Civico Rinnovamento – Equità – Trasparenza – Ecosostenibilità, lit. 'Renewal – Equity – Transparency – Eco-sustainability Civic Movement') is a political party in San Marino. Founded in 2012, it has won seats in every election it has participated in, and served in the coalition government formed in the aftermath of the 2019 election.
55 Arietis
55 Arietis is a single star in the northern zodiac constellation of Aries. 55 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation. It is faintly visible to the naked eye as a dim, blue-white hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.72. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 3.7 mas, it is approximately 870 light-years (270 parsecs) distant from Earth, give or take a 30 light-year margin of error. Eggen (1995) listed it as a proper motion candidate for membership in the IC 2391 supercluster. It may be a runaway star, having a peculiar velocity of 25.9+3.9−6.1 km/s relative to its neighbors.

The spectrum of this star matches a B-type giant with a stellar classification of B8 III. It has a high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 196 km/s. The star has 4.1 times the mass of the Sun but 9.2 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 916 times as much luminosity as the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11,097 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.