hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vuelta a San Juan
The Vuelta a San Juan is an annual road cycling stage race held in Argentine. Typically consisting of seven stages, beginning and ending in San Juan, the race was first held in 1982. In 2017, the race was classified as a 2.1 event by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), and expanded to included international, professional teams.

Taking place in January, the race was viewed as a useful event for UCI WorldTour cyclists to get racing experience early in the season, before the start of the European season. It was called "the most prestigious competition in Latin America" by the Pan American Cycling Confederation.

In 2020, the race was promoted to the UCI ProSeries and given a 2.Pro status. The race was cancelled in 2021 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the 2023 edition, the race was removed from the UCI calendar. Since 2025, the race has continued as a local competition, unaffiliated with the UCI.

San Juan, Argentina
San Juan (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan]) is the capital and largest city of the Argentine province of San Juan in the Cuyo region, located in the Tulúm Valley, west of the San Juan River, at 650 m (2,133 ft) above mean sea level, with a population of around 112,000 as per the 2001 census [INDEC] (over 500,000 in the metropolitan area).

It is a modern city with wide streets and well-drawn avenues, with wide sidewalks and vegetation of different species of trees irrigated by canals, from which it derives its nickname oasis town.

It has an important accommodation infrastructure and transportation. Its highlights include modern buildings and the surroundings, the reservoir and Ullum dam, spas, museums, large plantations of vines, and various types of agriculture, with wine being the most important.
Sophia Leung
Sophia Ming Ren Leung, CM (Chinese: 梁陳明任 born July 25, 1933) is a Canadian politician.

Born in Wuxi, China, she was a social worker before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1997 for the riding of Vancouver Kingsway in British Columbia. A Liberal, she was re-elected in 2000. From 2000 to 2003, she was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Revenue.  Both before and after her political career, she has been involved in a great deal of volunteer activities.

In 1994, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada.

Leung was considered for a Senate seat in 2004 and supported Sam Sullivan's bid of mayor of Vancouver.

Vancouver Kingsway
Vancouver Kingsway is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1988 and since 1997. It is located in Vancouver.
Hollywood Sportatorium
The Hollywood Sportatorium was an indoor arena in Pembroke Pines, Florida (originally Hollywood), located at 17171 Pines Boulevard (originally 16661 West Hollywood Boulevard). The Sportatorium was 26 miles (42 km) from downtown Miami and 23 miles (37 km) from downtown Fort Lauderdale. During its 18 years of operation, it was the only venue of its kind in heavily populated South Florida.

Johnny Winter
John Dawson Winter III (February 23, 1944 – July 16, 2014) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. Winter was known for his high-energy blues rock albums, live performances, and slide guitar playing from the late 1960s into the early 2000s. He also produced three Grammy Award–winning albums for blues singer and guitarist Muddy Waters. After his time with Waters, Winter recorded several Grammy-nominated blues albums. In 1988, he was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame and in 2003, he was ranked 63rd in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".
Endo contractualization
Endo (derived from "end-of-contract") refers to a short-term de facto employment practice in the Philippines. It is a form of contractualization in which companies provide workers with temporary "employment" that lasts for less than six months (or strictly speaking, 180 calendar days) and then terminate their employment just before they can be regularized, in order to skirt the costs that come with the benefits of regularization. Some examples of such benefits are the de jure "employer-and-employee relationship"-mandated SSS, PhilHealth, and Pag-IBIG Fund contributions, paid time off (leaves), and a 13th month pay, among others.

Silvestre Bello III
Silvestre Hernando Bello III (born June 23, 1944) is a Filipino businessman and lawyer from Isabela, who served as the secretary of the Philippines' Department of Labor and Employment, and concurrently Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process, under the Duterte administration. Bello was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte to replace Rosalinda Baldoz as the Department of Labor secretary.

Bello was a former justice secretary, solicitor general and representative of 1-BAP party-list during the 16th Congress of the Philippines.

In July 2022, he presented his credentials to President Tsai Ing-wen as de facto Philippine Ambassador to Taiwan.
Zebra mbuna
The zebra mbuna (Maylandia zebra) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in Africa.  This species can reach a length of 11.3 cm (4.4 in). It feeds on aufwuchs, a surface layer of mostly algal material that grows on rocks. This cichlid is a mouthbrooder and the female broods the eggs in her mouth for about three weeks. This fish can sometimes be found in the aquarium trade.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Morteza Mohammadkhan
Morteza Mohammadkhan (Persian: مرتضی محمدخان; 1 January 1946 – 5 November 2022) was an Iranian politician and economist who was Minister of Finance from 1993 to 1997 in Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani's second cabinet.

Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)
35°42′35.24″N 51°24′22.28″E﻿ / ﻿35.7097889°N 51.4061889°E﻿ / 35.7097889; 51.4061889

The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance' is a ministry of the Iranian government that oversees treasury, commerce, industry, financial markets and labor in Iran. Its functions include:

Manage the Iranian treasury department,

Lending by the government to banks in Iran,

Regulation of Iran's economy and its financial policy,

implementing & enforcing tax policies in Iran,

in charge of foreign direct investment (F.D.I.),

directing the banking and commercial insurance sector of Iran,

regulating the financial markets of Iran, see also: Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) & Central Bank of Iran.

The affairs related policy-making, organizations, and institutes in the field of trade of goods and services are handled by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Ministry of E.A.F.).
United States Military Entrance Processing Command
The United States Military Entrance Processing Command (USMEPCOM) is a Major Command of the U.S. Department of Defense. The organization screens and processes enlisted recruits into the United States Armed Forces in the 65 Military Entrance Processing Stations (MEPS) it operates throughout the United States.

Enlisted rank
An enlisted rank (also known as an enlisted grade or enlisted rate or enlisted man) is, in some armed services, any rank below that of a commissioned officer. The term can be inclusive of non-commissioned officers or warrant officers, except in United States military usage where warrant officers/chief warrant officers are a separate officer category ranking above enlisted grades and below commissioned officer grades. In most cases, enlisted service personnel perform jobs specific to their own occupational specialty, as opposed to the more generalized command responsibilities of commissioned officers.

The term "enlistment" refers solely to a military commitment (whether officer or enlisted) whereas the terms "taken on strength" and "struck off strength" refer to a service member being carried on a given unit's roll.
Olympias of Thebes
Olympias of Thebes was a Greek midwife who lived in the first century B.C.E. She was also a writer. She was distinguished among the ancient Greeks for her medical writings and medical ability.

Pliny wrote that Olympias stated that mallows "with goose grease ... cause abortion" and that she could cure a type "of barrenness. . . by bull's gall, serpents' fat, copper rust and honey, rubbed on the parts before intercourse".

It is also likely that Dioscorides knew about her work.

Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides (Ancient Greek: Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης, Pedánios Dioskourídēs; c. 40–90 AD),  "the father of pharmacognosy", was a Greek physician, pharmacologist, botanist, and author of De materia medica (in the original Ancient Greek: Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, Peri hulēs iatrikēs, both meaning "On Medical Material"), a 5-volume Greek encyclopedic pharmacopeia on herbal medicine and related medicinal substances, that was widely read for more than 1,500 years. For almost two millennia Dioscorides was regarded as the most prominent writer on plants and plant drugs.
Kya zan hinga
Kya zan hinga (Burmese: ကြာဆံဟင်းခါး; lit. 'lotus thread soup'), also known as kyazan chet (ကြာဆံချက်), is a dish of glass noodles in chicken consommé in Burmese cuisine. It is made with mushrooms, bean curd skin, dried daylily buds, shrimp, garlic, pepper and sometimes fish balls. For the addition of texture and flavour, it can be garnished with coriander, sliced shallots, fish sauce, chilli powder and a squeeze of lime.

Fish sauce
Fish sauce is a liquid condiment made from fish or krill that have been coated in salt and fermented for up to two years.: 234  It is used as a staple seasoning in East Asian cuisine and Southeast Asian cuisine, particularly Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Some garum-related fish sauces have been used in the West since the Roman times.

Due to its ability to add a savory umami flavor to dishes, it has been embraced globally by chefs and home cooks. The umami flavor in fish sauce is due to its glutamate content.

Fish sauce is used as a seasoning during or after cooking, and as a base in dipping sauces. Soy sauce is regarded by some in the West as a vegetarian alternative to fish sauce though they are very different in flavor.: 234
University of Wales Trinity Saint David
The University of Wales Trinity Saint David (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru Y Drindod Dewi Sant) is a public university with campuses in Carmarthen, Swansea, Cardiff, Birmingham and London.

The university came into existence through the merger of the two oldest higher education institutions in Wales, the University of Wales, Lampeter (UWL) and Trinity University College (TUC) in 2010, under Lampeter's royal charter of 1828. In 2011, it was announced that the University of Wales would also merge into Trinity Saint David. On 1 August 2013 the university merged with Swansea Metropolitan University. King Charles III  has been patron of the university since 2011. The Vice-Chancellor has been Elwen Evans since June 2023.

The university also collaborated with the University of Malaya in 2013 to establish University of Malaya-Wales, a private university in Malaysia.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
NGC 1351
NGC 1351 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Fornax. It has a redshift of z=0.00505, and its distance from Earth can be estimated as 21 million parsecs (68 million light-years). It is elongated in shape, and was discovered by John Herschel on October 19, 1835.

The diameter of the galaxy is about 33 kpc, which makes it a medium-size galaxy, and smaller than the Milky Way. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster, a cluster of approximately 200 galaxies. The galaxy possesses a bright nucleus at its center.

It is currently receding from the Solar System at a velocity of 1514 km/s, and 1410 km/s from the cosmic microwave background.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Curling at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Curling at the 2006 Winter Olympics was held in the town of Pinerolo, Italy from February 13 to February 24. It proved to be the sleeper hit in terms of television ratings in Italy. According to a CBC feature, curling at the 2006 Winter Games drew 5 million viewers, eclipsing ice hockey and figure skating. This, and the success of the Italian men's curling team created a surge of interest in curling within Italy, where there was no previous tradition of the sport and only a few hundred players.

Audience measurement
Audience measurement calculates how many people are in an audience, usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership, but also in relation to newspaper and magazine readership and, increasingly, web traffic. The term is sometimes used with regard to practices that help broadcasters and advertisers determine who is listening, rather than how many people are listening. In some parts of the world, the resulting numbers are referred to as audience share; in other places, the broader term market share is used. This broader meaning is also known as audience research. Measurements are broken down by media market, which corresponds to large and small metropolitan areas.
Caple
Caple is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Caple, British academic

Christopher Caple (1559–1626), English politician

Ian Caple, English recording engineer

Jim Caple (1962–2023), American journalist

Natalee Caple (born 1970), Canadian author

Robert Caple (1939–2019), English cricketer

Stephen Caple (b. 1984), English cricketer

Tim Caple (21st century), British television commentator

Christopher Caple
Christopher Caple or Capell (c. 1559 – 1626) was an English mercer and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1625 and 1626.

Caple was a younger son of Edward Capell of Sollers Hope, Herefordshire and became a mercer at Gloucester. He was made sheriff of Gloucester in 1594 and became an alderman in 1598. He was Mayor for 1598–99, 1619–20 and 1621–22. In 1625, he was elected Member of Parliament for Gloucester. He was re-elected MP for Gloucester in 1626, but died in office in May of that year.

He had a reputation for non-conformity. On his death he left a communion cup to his parish church on his death.

His first wife was Grace, the daughter of Richard Hand, with whom he had 3 sons, including Richard Caple, and a daughter Anne, who married John Hanbury. His second wife was Ellen, the daughter of Richard Hill of Dymock, Gloucestershire and widow of William Lane of Gloucester.
Avani Davda
Avani Davda was the first CEO at Tata Starbucks and at 33, the youngest CEO in the Tata Group. In 2014, she ranked 13 on 'The Most Innovative Women in Food and Drink' list in Fortune and Food & Wine.

She resigned from the role on 18 December 2015 being replaced by Sumi Ghosh. Now, she is the Managing Director of Godrej Nature's Basket.

Davda grew up in Mumbai and holds a bachelor’s degree from the H.R. College of Commerce and Economics and a master's degree in business administration from the Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies. Before her elevation to CEO, she worked at other Tata Group companies, including Tata Administrative Services, The Indian Hotels Company (Taj Hotels) and Infiniti Retail Ltd.

Tata Group
The Tata Group (/ˈtɑːtɑː/) is an Indian  multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai. Established in 1868, it is India's largest business conglomerate.

Tata Group comprises numerous affiliate companies, with Tata Sons as the holding company and promoter. As of August 2025, there are 29 publicly listed affiliate companies, with a combined market capitalisation of ₹37.84 trillion (US$446 billion).
TMEM51
Transmembrane protein 51 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMEM51 gene. It is located on the first chromosome (1p36.21) and has 6 isoforms in humans. It has orthologs in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

It is predicted to be a transmembrane protein due to the transmembrane regions within its coding sequence.

TMEM51-AS1 (a long non-coding RNA from the TMEM51 locus) acts as a tumor suppressor when overexpressed, inhibiting cancer cell progression. Mutations or polymorphisms of the TMEM51 are associated susceptibility to Reynaud's syndrome.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
1938 New Year Honours
The 1938 New Year Honours were appointments by King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the United Kingdom and British Empire. They were announced on 1 January 1938.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1970–1973
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1970 to 1973, as elected at the 1970 state election:

1  On 5 March 1971, the Liberal member for Kew and Deputy Premier, Sir Arthur Rylah, resigned due to ill health. Liberal candidate and former East Yarra Province MLC Rupert Hamer won the resulting by-election on 17 April 1971.

2  In October 1971, the Liberal member for Gisborne, Julian Doyle, resigned. The Liberal candidate and former member of The Seekers, Athol Guy, won the resulting by-election in December.

3  On 9 May 1972, the Labor member for Melbourne, Arthur Clarey, died. Labor candidate Barry Jones was elected unopposed at the close of nominations for the resulting by-election on 9 June 1972.

4  On 23 August 1972, the Liberal member for Hampden and retiring Premier of Victoria, Sir Henry Bolte, resigned. Liberal candidate Tom Austin won the resulting by-election on 7 October 1972.

East Yarra Province
East Yarra Province was an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Council until 2006. It was abolished from the 2006 state election in the wake of the Bracks Labor government's reform of the Legislative Council.
Shen Chong case
The Shen Chong case (Chinese: 沈崇案; pinyin: Shěn Chóng àn; Wade–Giles: Shen3 Ch'ung2 an4), also referred to as the Peiping rape case, was a rape case in 1946 that sparked a nationwide anti-American movement in the Republic of China. It involved United States Marines stationed in China (the "China Marines") raping a Chinese university student in Beiping (now Beijing).

Names of Beijing
"Beijing" is from pinyin Běijīng, which is romanized from 北京, the Chinese name for this city. The pinyin system of transliteration was approved by the Chinese government in 1958, but little used until 1979. It was gradually adopted by various news organizations, governments, and international agencies over the next decade.
Water polo at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's tournament
The women's tournament of water polo at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru took place between 4 and 10 August at the Villa María del Triunfo Aquatic Centre. The winner of the competition qualifies directly for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics
The water polo tournaments at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place at the Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center in Kōtō. Twenty-two teams (twelve for men and ten for women) competed in the tournament, an increase of two from the previous editions. Men's Water polo was also the last final played before the closing ceremony.

It was originally scheduled to be held in 2020, but on 24 March 2020, the Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Alfred Vaucher
Alfred-Felix Vaucher (March 18, 1887 – May 22, 1993) was an Italian theologian, church historian, and bibliographer. He was a pioneer in the history and study of Seventh-day Adventism.

Preaching his first sermon at age 14, Vaucher studied at a church in Paris. In 1903, he was engaged by the Adventist church, to which he devoted an active ministry of approximately eighty years.

Vaucher traveled around Europe, including Switzerland and Italy as a Seventh-day Adventist evangelist. He published over 1,100 articles and pamphlets on French church history and wrote a score of books, some of which are: L'Histoire du Salut, Le P. Manuel Lacunza y Diaz, L'Antichrist, Le Jour du Repos, and Le Jour Seigneurial. Vaucher also taught at Salève Adventist University, Collonges-sous-Salève, Haute-Savoie, a French biblical college, from 1921 to 1941 and 1945–1983.

He died at age 106.

Manuel Lacunza
Manuel de Lacunza y Díaz, S.J. (July 19, 1731 – c. June 18, 1801) was a Jesuit priest who used the pseudonym Juan Josafat Ben-Ezra in his main work on the interpretation of the prophecies of the Bible, which was entitled The Coming of the Messiah in Majesty and Glory.