hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benchbook
A benchbook is a book providing an overview of legal procedure for a judge. These books are used by judges while hearing cases as guides to assist in the disposition of a case. A benchbook is not a source of substantive law but rather a guide to procedure. Benchbooks are used in conjunction with manuals on civil procedure, criminal procedure, and evidence to assist the judge in trial. Benchbooks are also published on more narrow technical areas of law that may come before the judge, e.g. domestic law, public health law, etc.

The term may also apply to materials prepared in anticipation of hearing a particular case or set of cases.  Such a benchbook often contains documents related to the case and relevant legal authority.  This meaning is most commonly used in reference to appellate court judges, who may prepare a benchbook for each day's argument session. At a trial court, this document is often a shorter bench memorandum.

Civil procedure
Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and regulations along with some standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced; what kind of service of process (if any) is required; the types of pleadings or statements of case, motions or applications, and orders allowed in civil cases; the timing and manner of depositions and discovery or disclosure; the conduct of trials; the process for judgment; the process for post-trial procedures; various available remedies; and how the courts and clerks must function.
Silvana Lima
Silvana Lima (born 29 October 1984) is a Brazilian professional surfer. She was born in Paracuru, Ceará, Brazil on 29 October 1984 and grew up in a snack-shack on the sand, owned by her parents. When she was seven years old, she fashioned a makeshift fin to a piece of wood and taught herself to surf. She got her first real surfboard at age 14.

Despite competing in the top tier of women's surfing for eight years, Lima was unable to secure sponsorship. She spoke publicly about the challenge, attributing it to surf wear brands only wanting to sponsor surfers who look like models, regardless of their talents. In order to fund her travels, she began breeding French bulldogs.

In the ASP World Tour, she placed 9th in 2006, 3rd in 2007, runner-up in 2008 and 2009, 4th in 2010 and 5th in 2011.

She represented Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She is openly lesbian.

2010 ASP World Tour
The 2010 ASP World Tour was a season of professional competitive surfing run by the World Surf League. Men and women compete in separate tours with events taking place from late February to mid-December, at various surfing locations around the world.

Surfers receive points for their best events. The surfer with the most points at the end of the tour is announced the 2010 ASP world champion.
Dreiländerspitze
The Dreiländerspitze is with 3,197 m (10,489 ft) one of the higher mountains in the Silvretta range in the eastern Alps and located on the Austria–Switzerland border. The borders of the Swiss canton of Graubünden and the Austrian states of Vorarlberg and Tyrol meet at the peak. Its name (Dreiländerspitze means peak of three countries) refers to a meeting point between the territories of three ancient tribes (Rhaeto-Romance or Romansch, Bavarii and Alamanni) and their languages. It is also on the watershed between the Rhine and Danube.

It is a favourite viewpoint, due to its position and accessibility. Its first documented ascent was by the German alpinist Theodor Petersen, accompanied by two locals, on 14 July 1870, although it appeared to have been previously climbed by surveyors in the 1850s. The nearest settlements are Galtür, 14 km (8.7 mi) to the north, and Guarda, 9 km (5.6 mi) to the south.

Romansh people
The Romansh people (also spelled Romansch, Rumantsch, or Romanche; Romansh: rumantschs, rumàntschs, romauntschs or romontschs) are a Romance ethnic group, the speakers of the Romansh language, native to the Swiss canton of Grisons (Graubünden).

The Romansh speaking population is collectively known as Rumantschia in Romansh (alternatively rumantschadad, Vallader: rumantschità, Sursilvan: romontschadad). This term has come to replace the German official legal term of "Gemeinschaft der Bündner Romanen" introduced in 1982.

As of 2017, they make up about 45,000 inhabitants of Switzerland, or 0.85% of its population, and about 30,000 inhabitants of the canton of Grisons (14.7% of its population).
Brunner Mine disaster
The Brunner Mine disaster happened at 9:30  am on Thursday 26 March 1896 (NZMT; UTC+11:30), when an explosion deep in the Brunner Mine, in the West Coast region of New Zealand, killed all 65 miners below ground. The Brunner Mine disaster is the deadliest mining disaster in New Zealand's history.

The Royal Commission of inquiry put the cause of the disaster as a blown-out shot in a part of the mine where miners should not have been working. However, experienced miners claimed the explosion was caused by firedamp igniting, which had accumulated in the mine due to inadequate ventilation.

Time in New Zealand
Time in New Zealand is divided by law into two standard time zones. The main islands use New Zealand Standard Time (NZST), 12 hours in advance of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) / military M (Mike), while the outlying Chatham Islands use Chatham Standard Time (CHAST), 12 hours 45 minutes in advance of UTC / military M^ (Mike-Three).

During summer months – from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April – daylight saving time is observed and clocks are advanced one hour. New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT) is 13 hours ahead of UTC, and Chatham Daylight Time (CHADT) 13 hours 45 minutes ahead.

New Zealand's associated states – the Cook Islands and Niue – and the dependent territory of Tokelau use several different time zones at their own discretion.
Battle of Vystavka
The Battle of Vystavka was the defense of the village of Vystavka and several neighboring villages by Allied forces against a series of attacks from the Red Army during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War in late January-early March, 1919.

After the defeat in the Battle of Shenkursk, the Allied garrison at Shenkursk first fell back to Shegovary some 25 miles (40 km) downriver and then 25 more miles (40 km) to Vystavka, reaching it on January 27. They prepared defenses and withstood several Red Army attacks over the course of the next several weeks. In early March, after heavy bombardment by Bolsheviks, the Allies fell back 5 more miles (8.0 km) downstream to Kitsa. At this moment the Red Army stopped their offensive on the Vaga River front. It was the final engagement of the Russian Civil War to involve Canadian forces, though clashes continued with other allied countries.

Kitsa, Russia
Kitsa (Russian: Кица) is a rural locality (a railway station) in Pushnovsky Territorial Okrug of Kolsky District in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula beyond the Arctic Circle at a height of 180 meters (590 ft) above sea level. Population: 45 (2010 Census).
4 ft 6 in gauge railway
The 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm) track gauge, also called the Scotch gauge, was adopted by early 19th century railways mainly in the Lanarkshire area of Scotland. It differed from the gauge of 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) that was used on some early lines in England. Early railways chose their own gauge, but later in the century interchange of equipment was facilitated by establishing a uniform rail gauge across railways: the 'standard gauge' of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm). In the early 1840s standard gauge lines began to be constructed in Scotland, and all the Scotch gauge lines were eventually converted to standard gauge. The building of new Scotch gauge railways was outlawed in Great Britain in 1846 by the Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846. From 1903, tram lines of Tokyo adopted this gauge.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
David Mayhew (racing driver)
David Wayne Mayhew (born February 19, 1982) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West, driving the No. 17 Chevrolet SS for Golden Gate Racing. He is the father of fellow racing driver Taylor Mayhew.

Chevrolet SS
The Chevrolet SS is a performance full-size sedan sold by Chevrolet from 2013 to 2017, as a rebadge of the Holden Commodore exclusive to the United States. It was sold in the 2014–2017 model years.

It was unveiled during Speedweeks in Daytona Beach, Florida, in February 2013. The SS started sale in the 2014 model year in late 2013. It was Chevrolet's first rear-wheel drive V8 sedan since 1996.
Franz (crater)
File:
Franz is a small lunar impact crater identified during the Apollo mission in August 1971 and located along the eastern edge of the Sinus Amoris, a bay that forms a northern extension to the Mare Tranquillitatis. Its diameter is 25 km. It was named after German astronomer Julius Heinrich Franz. It lies to the southwest of the prominent crater Macrobius. To the north is the smaller Carmichael, and to the northwest is the diminutive Theophrastus.

The rim of this crater has been eroded due to subsequent impacts, although it retains a generally circular form. The interior has been flooded, leaving only a narrow inner wall and a low surviving rim. This floor has the same albedo as the surrounding terrain, and is not as dark as the lunar mare surface to the north and west. Attached to the exterior of the eastern rim is Proclus E, a merged double-crater formation. Proclus lies to the east across the Palus Somni, or Marsh of Sleep.

Sinus Amoris
Sinus Amoris /ˈsaɪnəs əˈmɔːrɪs/ (Latin sinus amōris "Bay of Love") extends northward from the northeast end of the Mare Tranquillitatis. It is located at selenographic coordinates 19.9° N, 37.3° E, and lies within a diameter of 190 km. To the north of the bay are the jumbled Montes Taurus peaks.

Near the southern end of the bay where it outlets into the Mare Tranquillitatis lies the crater Theophrastus. Along the western side is the flooded crater Maraldi and Mons Maraldi. Bordering the east side of the bay are the craters Carmichael and Hill. There are some low ridges in the central part of the bay, but otherwise it is relatively featureless.

At the southern egress where the bay joins the mare lies Mons Esam, a minor rise that lies among several small lunar domes.
Daniela Stranner
Daniela Gutierrez Stranner (born September 25, 2002) is a Filipino actress. She first acted in the television series Make It With You (2020), and gained recognition for her role as Z in the teen mystery series Senior High (2023–2024). Stranner made her film debut in Cathy Garcia-Sampana's romance Love at First Stream (2021), which earned her a Best Actress nomination at the 2021 Metro Manila Film Festival.

Stranner was also part of the inaugural batch of artists in Rise Artists Studio, the talent management arm of ABS-CBN Films.

Star Cinema
ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc., doing business as Star Cinema, is a Filipino film studio based in Quezon City. Star Cinema is owned by the Filipino media and entertainment conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation and was incorporated on May 8, 1993, as Star Cinema Productions, Inc. with the help of Lily Monteverde and Regal Films. Since its inception, Star Cinema has produced some of the highest-grossing Filipino films of all time. Star Cinema has also been involved in the production of some TV series shown on ABS-CBN television network with Pangako Sa 'Yo in 2000 as its initial production.
Doyali Islam
Doyali Islam (born 7 October 1984) is a Canadian poet. She is most noted for her 2019 poetry collection heft, which was a finalist for the 2020 Griffin Poetry Prize.

Her poems have appeared in a number of literary magazines including The Kenyon Review Online and The Fiddlehead, and in a number of anthologies including Best Canadian Poetry and The Manifesto Project.

Her first poetry collection, Yusuf and the Lotus Flower, was published by Ottawa small press BuschekBooks in 2011.

She has been the poetry editor of Arc Poetry Magazine, and the editor of Write, the Writers' Union of Canada's member magazine.

The Kenyon Review
The Kenyon Review is a literary magazine based in Gambier, Ohio, home of Kenyon College. The Review was founded in 1939 by John Crowe Ransom, critic and professor of English at Kenyon College, who served as its editor until 1959. The Review has published early works by generations of important writers, including Robert Penn Warren, Ford Madox Ford, Robert Lowell, Delmore Schwartz, Flannery O'Connor, and others.

The magazine's short stories have won more O. Henry Awards than any other nonprofit journal—42 in all. Many poems that first appeared in the quarterly have been reprinted in The Best American Poetry series, and the magazine is one of the most frequent sources for the series, where poems originally in The Kenyon Review have appeared in the editions for 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2006.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Hermann Ebbinghaus (24 January 1850 – 26 February 1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory. Ebbinghaus discovered the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was the first person to describe the learning curve. He was the father of the neo-Kantian philosopher Julius Ebbinghaus.

Wilhelm Dilthey
Wilhelm Dilthey (/ˈdɪltaɪ/; German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈdɪltaɪ]; 19 November 1833 – 1 October 1911) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.  As a polymathic philosopher, working in a modern research university, Dilthey's research interests revolved around questions of scientific methodology, historical evidence and history's status as a science.

Dilthey has often been considered an empiricist, in contrast to the idealism prevalent in Germany at the time, but his account of what constitutes the empirical and experiential differs from British empiricism and positivism in its central epistemological and ontological assumptions, which are drawn from German literary and philosophical traditions.
Anttila (surname)
Anttila is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akseli Anttila (1897–1953), Finnish-born Soviet general

Bill Anttila (1919–2011), American water polo coach

Erin Anttila (born 1977), Finnish singer

Kalle Anttila (1887–1975), Finnish wrestler

Liisa Anttila (born 1974), Finnish orienteer

Marko Anttila (born 1985), Finnish ice hockey player

Miikka Anttila (born 1972), Finnish rally co-driver

Sirkka-Liisa Anttila (born 1943), Finnish politician

Ulla Anttila (born 1963), Finnish politician

Kalle Anttila
Kaarlo Johan Jalmari "Kalle" Anttila (30 August 1887 – 10 October 1949) was a Finnish wrestler. He won Olympic gold medals in the freestyle lightweight category in 1920 and in the Greco-Roman featherweight division in 1924. He also won world titles in the Greco-Roman featherweight in 1921 and 1922. Anttila was the Finnish champion in Greco-Roman wrestling in 1918–20 and 1929 and in freestyle wrestling in 1924 and 1929. He was born and raised in Finland in 1887, his family immigrated to Canada at the age of 4 where he was raised to work hard on a family farm. He died in 1949 and was buried in Sudbury.
Wright Hill
Wright Hill (79°42′S 158°46′E﻿ / ﻿79.700°S 158.767°E﻿ / -79.700; 158.767) is a large flat-topped hill at the east side of Bowling Green Plateau in the Cook Mountains. Mapped by the Darwin Glacier Party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1956–58). Named after D. Wright, a member of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition who accompanied Sir Edmund Hillary to the South Pole.

Cook Mountains
The Cook Mountains (79°25′S 158°00′E﻿ / ﻿79.417°S 158.000°E﻿ / -79.417; 158.000) is a group of mountains bounded by the Mulock and Darwin glaciers in Antarctica.
They are south of the Worcester Range and north of the Darwin Mountains and the Britannia Range.
The Shakers (film)
The Shakers is a 1974 documentary film directed by Tom Davenport and produced by Davenport and Frank DeCola. It studies the last dozen remaining Shakers in their communities, focusing on their daily lives, music, and spirituality, as well as containing Shaker history and interviews with Shakers. It received positive reviews from critics, and won a Blue Ribbon at the 1975 American Film Festival.

American Film Festival
American Film Festival is a film festival held annually in October in Wrocław, Poland. The first festival was held from 20 to 24 October 2010. The festival is organized by Stowarzyszenie Nowe Horyzonty and co-funded by the Wrocław Municipality and Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage.
Purgatory (Borealis album)
Purgatory is the third studio album by the Canadian power metal/progressive metal band by Borealis. It was released in Europe on June 19, 2015, and in North America on July 24 by AFM Records in North America and Europe. It is a concept album based on a child trapped within purgatory.

AFM Records
AFM Records GmbH is a music label based in Schwalmstadt, Germany. They focus on the heavy metal musical genre, signing bands such as U.D.O., Doro, Lordi, Kotipelto, Masterplan, Nostradameus, Redlight King, and Annihilator.

In 2005, Candlelight Records signed a cooperative deal with AFM to mutually release and market several titles.

The exclusive distribution in Greece is being carried out by Infinity Entertainment IKE.
Jason Cook (boxer)
Jason Cook (born 27 February 1975 in Maesteg, Wales) is a former professional boxer, who fought under the nickname "The Power". As an amateur, he won a silver medal for Wales at the 1994 Commonwealth Games. As a professional, he has fought as a lightweight, and has won both the European and IBO championships at the weight. He currently campaigns at Light-Welterweight, and fights out of Fight Academy Wales gym in Llanharan, South Wales under the guidance of professional coach Darren Wilson.

International Boxing Organization
The International Boxing Organization (IBO) is a US based corporation that sanctions professional boxing matches and awards world and regional championships.

It is an independent organization not recognized by the "big four" governing bodies (WBA, WBC, IBF and WBO), who only recognize each other in their rankings and title unification rules. Despite this, as of 2023, IBO titles have been unified with titles of the other bodies in several weight divisions.
The WBC website highlights the importance of title recognition and the implications of multiple governing bodies in boxing. While the IBO operates independently, its titles being unified with the WBA, IBF, and WBO in certain divisions demonstrates how these organizations work together despite initial rivalries.
Military history of the Tang dynasty
The military history of the Tang dynasty encompasses the period of Chinese military activity from 618 to 907. The Tang dynasty and the preceding Sui dynasty share many similar trends and behaviors in terms of military tactics, strategy, and technology, so it can be viewed that the Tang continued the Sui tradition.

Second Turkic Khaganate
The Second Turkic Khaganate was a khaganate in Central and Eastern Asia founded by Ilterish of the Ashina clan of the Göktürks and lasted from 682 to 744. It was preceded by the Eastern Turkic Khaganate (552–630) and the early Tang dynasty period (630–682). The Second Khaganate was centered on Ötüken in the upper reaches of the Orkhon River. It was succeeded by its subject Toquz Oghuz confederation, which became the Uyghur Khaganate.
Salmo station
The Salmo station (located in Salmo, British Columbia, Canada) was built by the Great Northern Railway (U.S.) that later become the  Burlington Northern Railroad  along the Nelson and Fort Sheppard Railway, a branch line extending north into Canada.  The 1-story, wood-frame, railway station was completed in 1913 and consists of a waiting room,  ticket office and the freight and baggage room.  The station was built as part of a move by the Northern Railway to gain customers from the dominant railway in the region, the  Canadian Pacific Railway.

The building was designated a historic railway station in 1992.

Nelson and Fort Sheppard Railway
The Nelson and Fort Sheppard Railway (N&FS) is a historic railway that operated in the West Kootenay region of southern British Columbia. The railway's name derived from a misspelling of Fort Shepherd, a former Hudson's Bay Company fort, on the west bank of the Columbia River immediately north of the border.

The N&FS connected the city of Nelson with the Canada–United States border at Waneta.
Jason Robinson (rugby)
Jason Thorpe Robinson OBE (born 30 July 1974) is an English former rugby league and rugby union player who played in the 1990s and 2000s. A dual-code international, he represented Great Britain and England in rugby league, and England and the British & Irish Lions in rugby union.

In rugby league he played for Wigan and won 12 caps for Great Britain and 7 for England.

He won 51 international caps for England and 5 for the British & Irish Lions in rugby union. He was part of the 2003 World Cup-winning England team, and was the first black man to captain England.

Playing as a wing in both codes, and sometimes a fullback in rugby union, Robinson was noted for his speed and acceleration, side-step and ability to beat defenders.

1993–94 Rugby Football League season
The 1993–94 Rugby Football League season was the 99th ever season of professional rugby league football in Britain. Sixteen teams competed from August 1993 until May 1994 for a number of titles, primarily the Stones Bitter Championship.
It's Easier for a Camel...
It's Easier for a Camel... (French: Il est plus facile pour un chameau...) is a 2003 French comedy film written, directed by and starring Valeria Bruni Tedeschi. It was entered into the 25th Moscow International Film Festival and was screened in competition at the 1st World Film Festival of Bangkok. It won the Louis Delluc Prize for Best First Film in 2003.

Tedeschi won prizes for Emerging Narrative Filmmaker and Best Actress at the 2003 Tribeca Film Festival.

Film historian Tim Palmer described the film an engaging example of contemporary French pop-art cinema, referring to directors who wittily merge the features of intellectual/arthouse cinema with mass/popular cinema, and put director Tedeschi in the company of filmmakers such as François Ozon, Maîwenn le Besco, Sophie Fillières and Serge Bozon.

Sophie Fillières
Sophie Fillières (20 November 1964 – 31 July 2023) was a French film director and screenwriter who wrote for more than fifteen film and television productions from 1991 on.

Fillières died on 31 July 2023, at the age of 58, after ending the shoot of her last film, This Life of Mine.