hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Acid–base titration
An acid–base titration is a method of quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of Brønsted-Lowry acid or base (titrate) by neutralizing it using a solution of known concentration (titrant). A pH indicator is used to monitor the progress of the acid–base reaction and a titration curve can be constructed.

This differs from other modern modes of titrations, such as oxidation-reduction titrations, precipitation titrations, & complexometric titrations. Although these types of titrations are also used to determine unknown amounts of substances, these substances vary from ions to metals.

Acid–base titration finds extensive applications in various scientific fields, such as pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, and quality control in industries. This method's precision and simplicity makes it an important tool in quantitative chemical analysis, contributing significantly to the general understanding of solution chemistry.

Quantitative analysis (chemistry)
In analytical chemistry, quantitative analysis is the determination of the absolute or relative abundance (often expressed as a concentration) of one, several or all particular substance(s) present in a sample. It relates to the determination of percentage of constituents in any given sample.
Cover's Tannery
Cover's Tannery is a historic tannery complex located at Keymar, Carroll County, Maryland.  The complex consists of a house and bank barn built between 1790 and 1830.  Also on the property is a frame summer kitchen.  The house is a two-story log structure with five bays on the first story and four on the second story.  The building's reflect the Germanic building traditions in their vernacular architecture.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

Bank barn
A bank barn or banked barn is a style of barn which is accessible from the ground, on two separate levels. Often built into the side of a hill or bank, the upper and the lower floors could both be accessed from the ground, one area at the top of the hill and the other at the bottom. The second level of a bank barn could also be accessed from a ramp if a hill was unavailable.

Examples of bank barns can be found in the United Kingdom, in the United States, in eastern Canada, in Norway, in the Dordogne in France, and in Umbria, Italy, among other places.
Nasreddine Akli
Nasreddine Akli (born May 10, 1953; Arabic: نصر الدين أكلي) is a former Algerian footballer and coach. He holds the Algeria national football team record for goals scored in one match, scoring six goals against South Yemen in the 1973 Palestine Cup of Nations in Libya.

Born in Mouzaia, Akli played for USM Blida, USM Alger and SKAF Khemis Miliana, and coached a number of teams including USM Blida, Paradou AC, WA Boufarik, USMM Hadjout, JSM Chéraga and ESM Koléa.

South Yemen national football team
The South Yemen national football team (Arabic: منتخب اليمن الجنوبي الوطني لكرة القدم), recognised as Yemen DPR by FIFA, represented South Yemen in men's international football, playing as one of two Yemeni teams, along with North Yemen.

After Yemeni unification in 1990, the PDR Yemen Football Federation, and with it the South Yemeni team, joined the Yemen Football Association (YFA) and the North Yemen national football team.
Angélique da Teresa
Angélique Inês da Teresa (born 30 October 1977) is a Portuguese-French politician, who is, since 2025, a member of the Assembly of the Republic from the Liberal Initiative.

Angélique has a degree in Development and Cooperation Sciences, a postgraduate degree in Political Sciences and a master's degree in Communication Sciences, specializing in Media and Journalism. With around 20 years of experience in communication and marketing in the private sector, she is currently responsible for communications at a real estate company.

She was one of the founders of Liberal Initiative (IL), having been a member of the National Council and a collaborator of ILab in the housing area, contributing to the party's legislative and municipal programs. She is a member of the Lisbon Municipal Assembly since 2021.

Assembleia Municipal
An Assembleia Municipal (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ munisiˈpal]; "municipal assembly"; plural: assembleias municipais) is the legislature that governs a municipality in Portugal. Part of the assembly's members are elected every four years among candidate lists by the D'Hondt method, simultaneously with the election of the Câmara Municipal; the remainder member are the presidents of the Junta de freguesia that compose the municipality, whose number cannot exceed the number of elected members. A municipal assembly generally meets five times a year, and its members are paid a presence fee for each meeting.

It is a level higher than the Assembleia de freguesia.
The executive equivalent of the Assembleia Municipal is the Câmara municipal.
Iain D. Campbell
Iain Donald Campbell (20 September 1963 – 28 January 2017) was a minister and former Moderator in the Free Church of Scotland. He was a prolific author on a range of Biblical topics and church history. Campbell died in January 2017, and it subsequently emerged that he killed himself due to revelations surrounding having multiple extra-marital affairs with members of his congregation.

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.
St Wilfrid's Church, Brighton
St Wilfrid's Church is a former Anglican church in the Elm Grove area of Brighton, part of the English city of Brighton and Hove.  Designed and built in the 1930s to replace a temporary building in the densely populated Elm Grove area, its unusual design—not conforming with architectural norms of the era—was widely praised.  It was declared redundant after less than 50 years as a place of worship, and was converted into sheltered housing with minimal alteration to the exterior.  Shortly after its closure, it was granted Grade II listed status.

Sheltered housing
Sheltered housing or sheltered accommodation are  terms covering a wide range of rented housing for older and/or disabled or other vulnerable people.

In the United Kingdom most commonly it refers to grouped housing such as a block or "scheme" of flats or bungalows with a scheme manager or "officer"; traditionally the manager has lived on-site although this is not always the case these days. Managers/officers used to be called "wardens" but this term is now felt to be out of date. Sheltered housing schemes in the UK are generally owned, run and maintained as social housing by a local authority or housing association.
United Kingdom coalition government
The United Kingdom has had several coalition governments throughout its history:

Aberdeen ministry, the British government under Lord Aberdeen (1852–1855)

Asquith coalition ministry, the British government under H. H. Asquith (1915–1916)

Lloyd George ministry, the British government under David Lloyd George (1916–1922)

War ministry, the British government during the Second World War
Chamberlain war ministry, the British government under Neville Chamberlain (1939–1940)
Churchill war ministry, the British government under Winston Churchill (1940–1945)

Cameron–Clegg coalition, the British government under David Cameron and Nick Clegg (2010–2015)

Asquith coalition ministry
The Asquith coalition ministry was the Government of the United Kingdom under the Liberal prime minister H. H. Asquith from May 1915 to December 1916. It was formed as a multi-party war-time coalition nine months after the beginning of the First World War but collapsed when the Conservative Party withdrew.
Connolly Basin crater
Connolly Basin is a 9 km-diameter impact crater located in the Gibson Desert of central Western Australia. It lies adjacent to the Talawana Track 45 km west of the junction (Windy Corner) with the Gary Highway, but is difficult to access due to the remoteness of the area. It was originally thought to be a diapir (salt dome); an impact origin was first proposed in 1985.,

Talawana Track
The Talawana Track is a remote unsealed track that runs between Windy Corner on the Gary Highway and the Marble Bar Road in Western Australia, a distance of 596 kilometres.  The majority of it was built by Len Beadell and the Gunbarrel Road Construction Party in 1963 as part of a series of connecting roads for the Woomera rocket range in South Australia.  It was the final road they built.
Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps
Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps (June 2, 1882 – February 11, 1969) was an American architect. He was one of Nevada's most prolific architects, yet is notable for entering the architectural profession with no extensive formal training. He has also been known as Frederick J. DeLongchamps, and was described by the latter name in an extensive review of the historic importance of his works which led to many of them being listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in the 1980s.

Sparks, Nevada
Sparks is a city in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. It was founded in 1904, incorporated on March 15, 1905, and is located just east of Reno. As of the 2020 census, Sparks had a population of 108,445. It is the fifth most populous city in Nevada. It is named after John Sparks, Nevada governor (1903–1908), and a member of the Silver Party.

Sparks is located within the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area.
Giovanni Francesco Venturini
Giovanni Francesco Venturini (1650–1710) was an Italian printmaker of the Baroque period.

He was born in Rome. From the style of his engraving, it is probable that he was a pupil of Giovanni Battista Galestruzzi. He etched several plates from the works of Italian masters, among them the following :

A set of Plates; after Polidoro da Caravaggio.

Diana and her Nymphs; after Domenichino.

The Pulpit of S. Peter's; after Bernini.

A partial bird's-eye View of Rome.

Polidoro da Caravaggio
Polidoro Caldara, usually known as Polidoro da Caravaggio (c. 1499 – 1543), was an Italian painter of the Mannerist period, "arguably the most gifted and certainly the least conventional of Raphael's pupils", who was best known for his now-vanished paintings on the facades of Roman houses. He was unrelated to the later painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, usually known just as Caravaggio, but both came from the town of Caravaggio.
General (Yugoslav People's Army)
General (YPA) or General (JNA) (Serbo-Croatian: General Jugoslovenske narodne armije, Генерал Југословенске народне армије, Slovene: General Jugoslovanske ljudske armade) was the highest rank of Yugoslav People's Army (in theory the second highest, after Marshal of Yugoslavia which was created for Josip Broz Tito and held by him alone). The only person to ever considered for promotion in rank of "General" was Ivan Gošnjak as deputy supreme commander. This rank was created in 1955 and it was abolished in 1974. After that the highest rank of Yugoslav People's Army was Army general for Yugoslav Ground Forces and Yugoslav Air Force, and Fleet admiral for Yugoslav Navy.

Yugoslav Navy
The Yugoslav Navy (Serbo-Croatian: Југословенска ратна морнарица, Jugoslavenska ratna mornarica, lit. 'Yugoslav War Navy'), was the navy of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992. It was essentially a coastal defense force with the mission of preventing enemy landings along Yugoslavia's rugged 4,000-kilometer shoreline or coastal islands, and contesting an enemy blockade or control of the strategic Strait of Otranto.

In 1990, it had 10,000 sailors (including 4,400 conscripts), including 2,300 in 25 coastal artillery batteries and 900 marines in one light naval infantry brigade. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the navy's equipment and watercraft were claimed by emergent Croatian Navy, Montenegrin Navy, Serbian River Flotilla, and Slovenian Navy.
Weaponized migration
"Refugees as weapons" is a term used to describe a hostile government organizing, or threatening to organize, a sudden influx of refugees into another country or political entity with the intent of causing political disturbances in that entity. The responsible country (or sometimes a non-state actor) usually seeks to extract concessions from the targeted country and achieve some political, military, and/or economic objective.

The United States military U.S. Army Center for Army Lessons Learned released a handbook entitled "Commander's Guide to Support Operations Among Weaponized Displaced Persons, Refugees, and Evacuees". The handbook provides a basic overview of considerations and methods of reaction should CBRN warfare be executed using dislocated civilians.

Non-state actor
A non-state actor (NSA) is an individual or organization that has significant political influence but is not allied to any particular country or state.

The interests, structure, and influence of NSAs vary widely. For example, among NSAs are non-profit organizations, labor unions, non-governmental organizations, banks, corporations, media organizations, business magnates, people's liberation movements, lobby groups, religious groups, aid agencies, and violent non-state actors such as paramilitary forces.
Hikari (Sid album)
Hikari (stylized as hikari) is the fifth and first major studio album by Japanese visual kei rock band SID, released on July 1, 2009 by Ki/oon Music. The single "Uso" is a ending theme of Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood and "Monochrome no Kiss" is the first opening theme of Black Butler.

Kioon Music
Kioon Music (キューンミュージック, Kyūn Myūjikku; stylized as Ki/oon Music) is a Japanese record label owned by Sony Music Labels Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan.

Founded in 1992 as Kioon Sony Records, the label was renamed to Kioon Records in 1998. In 2001, Kioon Records Inc. was founded as a subsidiary of Sony Japan. In 2012, the company was rebranded as Kioon Music. In 2014, Sony Music Records Inc. absorbed Kioon Music alongside other Sony Japan subsidiaries, changing its name to Sony Music Labels. Since the absorption, Kioon Music has operated as an imprint of Sony Music Labels.
Boris Yavitz
Boris "Bob" Yavitz (June 4, 1923, Tbilisi – February 14, 2009) was the dean of Columbia Business School from 1975 to 1982. He was credited with restoring the reputation and stability of the school, which had been suffering from a divisive atmosphere before his accession. He also served as the deputy chairman and director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from 1977 to 1982.

Yavitz was born in Tbilisi and raised in Tel Aviv. He received a degree at the University of Cambridge. During World War II he served in the British Navy, then attended Columbia where he received a master's degree in engineering and doctorate in business. Yavitz died on February 14, 2009, from prostate cancer at the age of 85 in Hampton Bays, New York.

Columbia Business School
The Columbia University Graduate School of Business, branded as Columbia Business School (CBS), is the business school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. It was established in 1916. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.
Gunslugs
Gunslugs is an action and 2D shooter video game. It was released by Dutch developer OrangePixel in 2013 for iOS, Android and Ouya, in 2014 for PlayStation Vita, in 2015 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux, in 2016 for Nintendo 3DS, and in 2020 for Nintendo Switch. In 2022 it was released for Atari VCS.

Shooter game
Shooter video games, or shooters, are a subgenre of action video games where the focus is on the defeat of the character's enemies using ranged weapons given to the player. Usually these weapons are firearms or some other long-range weapons, and can be used in combination with other tools such as grenades for indirect offense, armor for additional defense, or accessories such as telescopic sights to modify the behavior of the weapons. A common resource found in many shooter games is ammunition, armor or health, or upgrades which augment the player character's weapons.

Shooter games test the player's spatial awareness, reflexes, and speed in both isolated single player or networked multiplayer environments. Shooter games encompass many subgenres that have the commonality of focusing on the actions of the avatar engaging in combat with a weapon against both code-driven NPC enemies or other avatars controlled by other players.
Ondřej Steiner
Ondřej Steiner (born February 11, 1974) is a Czech ice hockey centre.

Steiner played a total of 335 games in the Czech Extraliga for HC Plzeň, HC Karlovy Vary, HC Slavia Praha, HC Litvínov and Vsetínská hokejová. He also played in the SM-liiga for Ässät, HPK, Lukko and Pelicans as well as in the Russian Superleague for HC Khimik Voskresensk.

Steiner was drafted 59th overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft but remained in the Czech Republic and never played in North America.

Lahti Pelicans
The Lahti Pelicans, commonly referred to as the Lahden Pelicans, are a Finnish professional ice hockey team playing in the Liiga, Finland. Founded in 1996, they play in the city of Lahti at Isku Arena. The team is co-owned by (among others) former National Hockey League (NHL) player Pasi Nurminen and Formula One racecar driver Valtteri Bottas.
E.R. Gibson House
The E.R. Gibson House is a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States.  Built in 1912, this two-story stucco structure exhibits a strong Prairie School influence.  It features a wide eaves, hip roof, a central chimney, and casement windows of leaded glass.   The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Mason City, Iowa
Mason City is a city in and the county seat of Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. The population was 27,338 in the 2020 census. Mason City is known for its musical and masonry heritage, as well as being home to a significant collection of Prairie School style architecture. The city forms a regional commercial, industrial, and cultural hub for north-central Iowa with nearby Clear Lake.

The Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area that includes all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties is located at the transportation junction between Interstate 35 and the Avenue of the Saints. Local public education is provided by North Iowa Area Community College and Mason City Community School District. The Winnebago River traverses the community to the southeast.
Donn (surname)
Donn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward W. Donn Jr. (1868–1953), American architect

James Donn (1758–1813), English botanist

Jorge Donn (1947–1992), Argentine ballet dancer

Nigel Donn (born 1962), English former professional association football player

Nigel Donn
Nigel Donn (born 2 March 1962) is an English former professional footballer. His clubs included Leyton Orient and Gillingham.

After his League career he played non-league football for a further 14 seasons with  Maidstone United, Dover Athletic and Ashford Town where he was a player/manager.

He currently resides in Bearsted, Kent and owns a picture framing shop named Kentish Frames.
Chi Yaoyun
Chi Yaoyun (Chinese: 迟耀云, born in September 1965 in Penglai, Shandong) is a Chinese politician. He presently holds the positions of member of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, deputy to the 14th National People's Congress, deputy to the 14th Fujian Provincial People's Congress, member of the Standing Committee of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Secretary of the Fujian Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection, and Director of the Fujian Provincial Supervisory Commission.

Penglai, Yantai
Penglai, formerly known as Dengzhou or Tengchow, is a district of Yantai City, Shandong Peninsula in the People's Republic of China. It lies on the northwest corner of the Shandong Peninsula on the southern coast of the Gulf of Bohai. Penglai is famous for its mirages out at sea, which are frequent during May and June. Formerly a county-level city under Yantai's administration, Penglai became a district in 2020.
McCall-Donnelly High School
McCall-Donnelly High School is a four-year public secondary school in McCall, Idaho, the only traditional high school in the McCall-Donnelly Joint School District, and the largest high school in Valley County.  The school colors are blue, white, and red and the mascot is a Vandal.

The school's campus in McCall is at an elevation of 5,030 feet (1,533 m) above sea level, approximately a quarter-mile (400 m) south of Payette Lake.

The school district's territory, and therefore the high school's territory, includes sections of Valley and Adams counties, with 98% of its territory in the former and the remainder in the latter. Its service area includes McCall and Donnelly.

Valley County, Idaho
Valley County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,746. The county seat is Cascade, and the largest city is McCall. Established in 1917, it was named after the Long Valley of the North Fork of the Payette River, which extends over 30 miles (50 km) from Payette Lake at McCall south to Cascade to Round Valley. The valley was formerly a summer pasture for livestock from the Boise Valley. Since the completion of the Cascade Dam in 1948, much of the northern valley has been covered by the Cascade Reservoir.

Valley County is home to the Idaho ground squirrel.
Visayan Electric Company
Visayan Electric Company, Inc., also known as Visayan Electric (formerly VECO), is the second largest electric utility in the Philippines and serves the cities of Cebu, Mandaue, Talisay and Naga and four municipalities of the greater part of Metro Cebu - Liloan, Consolacion, Minglanilla and San Fernando. Its franchise service covers an area of about 672 square kilometers with an estimated population of 1.73 million.

Compostela, Cebu
Compostela, officially the Municipality of Compostela (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Compostela; Tagalog: Bayan ng Compostela),  is a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 58,178 people.

Compostela is within the Metro Cebu area.