hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dongan Charter
The Dongan Charter is the 1686 document incorporating Albany, New York, as a city. Albany's charter was issued by Governor Thomas Dongan of the Province of New York, a few months after Governor Dongan issued a similarly worded, but less detailed charter for the city of New York. The city of Albany was created three years after Albany County. The charter is the oldest existing city charter still in force in the United States. According to Stefan Bielinski, former senior historian of the New York State Museum, the charter is also "arguably the longest-running instrument of municipal government in the Western Hemisphere." In 1936 the United States Congress commemorated the charter's 250th anniversary by minting a half dollar coin.

Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the 180th meridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. In the United States, the term "Western Hemisphere" is often used as a metonym for the Americas, even though geographically, the hemisphere also includes parts of other continents.
Swiss Jazz Orchestra
The Swiss Jazz Orchestra is a big band that was founded in 2003. Though the band has seen many changes, there are still some of its initial members. The orchestra's origins lie in the Big Band of the Swiss Jazz School, the oldest college for jazz music in Switzerland (which has been part of the Art School of Bern Hochschule der Künste Bern since 2003). One of the orchestra's features is Monday Jazz Nights, a series of concerts which take place every Monday night at the venue Bierhübeli in Bern. The Swiss Jazz Orchestra celebrated its 10th anniversary in the 2013–2014 season. The Swiss Jazz Orchestra has worked with Anders Bergcrantz, Jerry Bergonzi, Buddy DeFranco, Torun Eriksen, George Gruntz, Joe Haider, Bert Joris, Pepe Lienhard, Jim McNeely, Adrian Mears, Bob Mintzer, Sandy Patton, Chico Pinheiro, Paquito D'Rivera, Claudio Roditi, Alex Sipiagin, and Phil Woods.

George Gruntz
George Gruntz (24 June 1932 – 10 January 2013) was a Swiss jazz pianist, organist, harpsichordist, keyboardist, and composer known for the George Gruntz Concert Big Band and his work with Phil Woods, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Don Cherry, Chet Baker, Art Farmer, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, and Mel Lewis.

Gruntz, who was born in Basel, Switzerland, was also an accomplished arranger and composer, having been commissioned by many orchestras and symphonies. From 1972 to 1994, he served as artistic director of JazzFest Berlin.

He died at the age of 80 in January 2013.
No Marriage Ties
No Marriage Ties is a 1933 American pre-Code drama film directed by J. Walter Ruben and written by Arthur Caesar, H.W. Hanemann, Sam Mintz. The film stars Richard Dix, Elizabeth Allan, Doris Kenyon, Alan Dinehart and David Landau. The film was released on August 8, 1933, by RKO Pictures.

Sam Mintz
Sam Mintz (Belarusian: Сэм Мінц; July 12, 1897 – September 13, 1957) was an American screenwriter from Russia during the Russian Empire period, who was nominated in the category of Best Adapted Screenplay at the 4th Academy Awards. He was nominated alongside Joseph L. Mankiewicz. They were nominated for Skippy.

He wrote nearly 40 screenplays during his career.
Theodor Albrecht Friedrich Wohlfahrt
Theodor Albrecht Friedrich Wohlfahrt (19 September 1907 in Ludwigshafen am Rhein - 7 February 2006 in Würzburg) was a German zoologist and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.

He illustrated The five-volume standard work Die Schmetterlinge Mitteleuropas (1954–1981) for which Walter Forster wrote the texts with drawings and watercolours.
In 142 the Berlin Reich Ministry assigned him to the University of Würzburg, where he worked at the Zoological Institute (then at Röntgenring 10) as a scientific assistant and private lecturer and later until 1972 as professor of zoology and comparative anatomy.

Most of his insect collection is housed in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in Munich, while a few boxes with native butterflies remained in the teaching collection of the Biozentrum in Würzburg.

University of Würzburg
The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg) is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. Founded in 1402, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany. The university initially had a brief run and was closed in 1415. It was reopened in 1582 on the initiative of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. Today, the university is named for Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and Maximilian Joseph.

The University of Würzburg is part of the U15 group of research-intensive German universities. The university is also a member of the Coimbra Group. In the winter semester 2022/2023, 26,787 students were enrolled, of which 16,351 were women and 3,250 were first semester university students. The University is associated with 14 Nobel laureates.
2010–2012 CEV Beach Volleyball Continental Cup
Teams will be split into groups of four, where an elimination bracket will determine the 3 teams to advance to the next stage from the sub-zones. The winner of the 2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup will advance to the Olympics.

Mellieħa
Mellieħa (Maltese: il-Mellieħa [ɪl mɛˈlːɪːħɐ]) is a large village in the Northern Region of Malta. It has a population of 11,389 as of 2019. Mellieħa is also a tourist resort, popular for its sandy beaches, natural environment, and Popeye Village nearby.
Girls (and Boys) On Film
"Girls (and Boys) On Film" is the fifteenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series Glee, and the eighty-first episode overall. Written by Michael Hitchcock and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan, it aired on Fox in the United States on March 7, 2013, and features the 500th musical number filmed by Glee since its inception.

Jayma Mays
Jamia Suzette "Jayma" Mays (born July 16, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for playing Emma Pillsbury in the Fox musical series Glee (2009–2015) and for her starring roles in the films Red Eye (2005), Paul Blart: Mall Cop (2009) and The Smurfs (2011). She is also known for portraying Debbie in the sitcom The Millers (2013–2014) and her recurring role as Charlie Andrews on the NBC sci-fi series Heroes (2006–2010). Mays starred as prosecutor Carol Anne Keane in the NBC sitcom Trial & Error (2017–2018).
Abbayitho Ammayi
Abbayitho Ammayi (transl. The girl with the boy) is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by Ramesh Varma. The film stars Naga Shourya and Pallak Lalwani, with Brahmanandam, Rao Ramesh and Tamil actor Mohan playing supporting roles. The film was released on 1 January 2016 to mixed reviews. This film is the 999th movie of Ilaiyaraaja as a music director.

Mohan (actor)
Mohan (born 10 May 1956) is an Indian actor, known for his works predominantly in Tamil cinema. Besides Tamil films, he has also acted in some Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam films. Mohan is also known as "Kokila Mohan" after his debut film Kokila (1977), and "Mic Mohan" from numerous roles playing singers using microphones. In 1982, he received the Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actor for his work in Payanangal Mudivathillai. One of the most successful Tamil film stars of the 1980s, he faced career setbacks in the 1990s and his film appearances have been intermittent since.
Bruce Mazlish
Bruce Mazlish (September 15, 1923 – November 27, 2016) was an American historian who was a professor in the Department of History at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His work focused on historiography and philosophy of history, history of science and technology, artificial intelligence, history of the social sciences, the two cultures and bridging the humanities and sciences (natural and social), revolution, psychohistory, history of globalization and the history of global citizenship. He worked to build the latter two fields of inquiry into a public intellectual movement, through initiatives such as the New Global History conferences.

Global citizenship
Global citizenship is a form of transnationality, specifically the idea that one's identity transcends geography or political borders and that responsibilities or rights are derived from membership in a broader global class of "humanity". This does not mean that such a person denounces or waives their nationality or other, more local identities, but that such identities are given "second place" to their membership in a global community. Extended, the idea leads to questions about the state of global society in the age of globalization.

In general usage, the term may have much the same meaning as "world citizen" or cosmopolitan, but it also has additional, specialized meanings in differing contexts. Various organizations, such as the World Service Authority, have advocated global transnational citizenship.

The field of global citizenship, as a form of transnationality is transnationalism.
Bruchia (plant)
Bruchia is a genus of haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) in the family Bruchiaceae.

The genus name of Bruchia is in honour of Philipp Bruch (1781–1847), a German pharmacist and bryologist born in Zweibrücken.

The genus was circumscribed by Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen in Sp. Musc. Suppl. Vol.2 (Issue 1) on page 91 in 1824.

Dicranidae
The Dicranidae are a widespread and diverse subclass of mosses in class Bryopsida, with many species of dry or disturbed areas. They are distinguished by their spores; the peristome teeth are haplolepidous with a 4:2:3 formula, and an exostome is absent.
Q59 (New York City bus)
The Grand Street Line is a public transit line in Brooklyn and Queens, New York City, running mostly along the continuous Grand Street and Grand Avenue between Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Maspeth, Queens. It then continues down Queens Boulevard to the 63rd Drive–Rego Park station. Originally a streetcar line, it is now the Q59 bus route, operated by the New York City Transit Authority between Williamsburg and Rego Park, Queens.

New York City Transit Authority
The New York City Transit Authority (also known as NYCTA, the TA, or simply Transit, and branded as MTA New York City Transit) is a public-benefit corporation in the U.S. state of New York that operates public transportation in New York City. Part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the busiest and largest transit system in North America, the NYCTA has a daily ridership of 8 million trips (over 2.5 billion annually).

The NYCTA operates the following systems:

New York City Subway, a rapid transit system serving Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens

Staten Island Railway, a rapid transit line on Staten Island (operated by the subsidiary Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority)

New York City Bus, an extensive bus network serving all five boroughs (operated by the subsidiary MTA Regional Bus Operations)
Easy Livin' (Clare Fischer album)
Easy Livin' is an album by composer/arranger/keyboardist Clare Fischer, a program of standards featuring both solo piano performances and piano-bass duets, recorded on August 8, 1963, given a limited release in 1966 (see original album cover below), and reissued in 1968 on the Revelation label.

Revelation Records (jazz)
Revelation Records was an American jazz record label based in Los Angeles, active from 1965 until the late 1980s.

Revelation was founded by Occidental College professor and then-director of the Moore Laboratory of Zoology, John William (Bill) Hardy and Occidental College student Jonathan Horwich. The label was initially operated out of Los Angeles and then Glendale, California. Hardy had previously written liner notes for Dick Bock's productions for Pacific Jazz Records. Toward the end of the 1970s, the label's base of operations shifted to Gainesville, Florida. The label released approximately 50 albums.
Favel Formation
The Favel Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian to middle Turonian) age. It is present in southern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan, and consists primarily of calcareous shale. It was named for the Favel River near Minitonas, Manitoba, by R.T.D. Wickenden in 1945.

The Favel Formation is richly fossiliferous and had yielded remains of a wide variety of marine animals, including the marine crocodile Terminonaris. It is also rich in organic carbon and is therefore an oil shale.

Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.2 Ma and 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage.

At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian.
The Revölution by Night
The Revölution by Night is the ninth studio album by American rock band Blue Öyster Cult, released on November 8, 1983. The album was intended to capitalize on the success of Fire of Unknown Origin two years prior, hence the blend of straight-ahead rock and pop elements. This was the first BÖC album not to feature all of the band's classic members, drummer Albert Bouchard having been fired during the previous tour and replaced by roadie Rick Downey.

In contrast to the success of Fire of Unknown Origin, the album failed to go Gold in the United States.

Albert Bouchard
Albert Bouchard (/buˈʃɑːrd/; born May 24, 1947) is an American musician. He is a founding member and one of the first and most prominent drummers of the hard rock band Blue Öyster Cult and current drummer of The Dictators. He is the older brother of former Blue Öyster Cult bassist Joe Bouchard.
Guarisco
Guarisco (pronounced [ɡwaˈrisko]) is an Italian surname from Lombardy and Sicily. It might originate from medieval names of Gothic origin, or from auspicious names derived from the verb guarire 'to heal'. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Guarisco Jr. (born 1938), American politician, lawyer and real estate businessman

Elio Guarisco (1954–2020), Italian writer, translator and Tibetan Buddhist scholar

Taylor Guarisco, American singer and guitarist

Anthony Guarisco Jr.
Anthony Joseph Guarisco Jr., sometimes known as Tony Guarisco (born September 29, 1938), is a Democratic former member of the Louisiana State Senate from Morgan City in St. Mary Parish in south Louisiana. He represented Senate District 21 from 1976 to 1988, which included the parishes of St. Mary, Assumption, Terrebonne, and St. Martin, two precincts only.
Georg Carabelli
Georg Carabelli, Edler von Lunkaszprie (Squire of Lunkaszprie) (Hungarian: Carabelli György) (December 11, 1787, in Pest – October 24, 1842, in Vienna) was a prominent Hungarian dentist and professor of dental surgery in Vienna. He held a minor noble rank, which referenced the town
of Lunkaszprie (now Luncasprie, in Bihor County Romania).

Georg Carabelli was a court dentist to the Austrian Emperor and co-founder of the stomatology clinic at the University of Vienna. The Cusp of Carabelli, a small additional cusp sometimes found on the mesiolingual corner of an upper molar, was first illustrated in his textbook of oral anatomy, published in 1842, and later described in his handbook of dentistry, published posthumously in 1844. He wrote numerous textbooks and monographs.

Pest, Hungary
Pest (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈpɛʃt]) is the part of Budapest, the capital city of Hungary, that lies on the eastern bank of the Danube. Pest was administratively unified with Buda and Óbuda in 1873. Prior to this, it was an independent city. In colloquial Hungarian, "Pest" is sometimes also used pars pro toto to refer to Budapest as a whole.

Comprising about two-thirds of the Budapest city area, Pest is flatter and much more heavily urbanized than Buda. Many of Budapest's most notable sites are in Pest, including the Inner City (Hungarian: Belváros), the Parliament (Országház), the Opera, the Great Market Hall, Heroes' Square, and Andrássy Avenue.
Larry Sykes
Larry Sykes (born April 11, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player born in Toledo, Ohio. He played briefly in the National Basketball Association (NBA) after a college career for the Xavier Musketeers.

A 6'9" power forward from Xavier University, Sykes appeared in one game for the Boston Celtics during the 1995-96 NBA season. He tallied two rebounds and one turnover in two minutes of action. Sykes also played for the Rockford Lightning and Fort Wayne Fury of the Continental Basketball Association.

Sykes later became an assistant coach at Lakota East High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, for the girls varsity basketball team.

In 2013 he was elected Toledo City Council, however he was defeated in 2021 after pleading guilty to bribery charges.

Xavier Musketeers men's basketball
The Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team represents Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. The school's team currently competes in the Big East Conference. Xavier has appeared in the NCAA tournament 30 times, 16 times in the 18 tournaments between 2001 and 2018. On March 11, 2018, Xavier earned its first ever No. 1 seed in the NCAA Tournament. Xavier is also a two-time winner of the NIT, with their most recent championship coming in 2022.

Xavier won four Atlantic 10 tournament championships (1998, 2002, 2004 and 2006). Xavier has won or shared 17 regular season conference championships, while winning 9 conference tournament championships. In addition, they have won one Big East Conference regular season title in 2018. They made the 2023 Big East Championship but lost to the Marquette Golden Eagles.

Xavier has been listed among the top-20 most valuable college basketball teams.
Lee Wilson (comedian)
Lee Wilson (31 July 1938 – 3 June 2013) was an English comedian best known for his performances on the ITV Television show The Comedians.

He attended King's Hill School, Wednesbury and served in Malaya with the Cheshire Regiment of the British Army where he was in an entertainment troupe. After winning talent contests as a singer and forming a band called The Kingsford Four, he added comedy to his act. He then won New Faces in 1976.

Wilson later performed on cruise ships for P&O and became an after-dinner speaker. He died of pancreatic cancer on 3 June 2013, at the age of 74.

P&O
P&O (in full,  The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company) was a British shipping and logistics company dating from the early 19th century. Formerly a public company, it was sold to DP World in March 2006 for £3.9 billion. DP World currently operates several P&O branded businesses, P&O Ferries, Istithmar P&O Estates, and P&O Maritime Logistics. It also operates P&O Heritage, which is the official historic archive and collection of P&O.

P&O Cruises was sold in 2000, and is now owned and operated by Carnival Corporation & plc, although the trademark for "P&O Cruises" is still held by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and used under licence. The former shipping business, P&O Nedlloyd, was bought by and is now part of Maersk Line.
Karadirlik
Karadirlik is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 648 (2022). It is located in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity) to the north of Tarsus. It is situated to the northwest of Berdan Dam reservoir and to the south of Keşbükü creek a branch of Berdan River. Its distance to Tarsus is 18 kilometres (11 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 45 kilometres (28 mi). Situated in the fertile plains, farming is the major economic activity. Olive, cucumber and grapes are the most important crops, and there are also some chicken farms. In 2010, the village and its fields suffered from a particularly bad hailstorm.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
The Invisible Circus (film)
The Invisible Circus is a 2001 American drama film written and directed by Adam Brooks and starring Jordana Brewster, Christopher Eccleston, and Cameron Diaz. Based on the 1995 novel The Invisible Circus by Jennifer Egan, the film is about a teenage girl who travels to Europe in 1976 in search of answers to her older sister's suicide. During her search, she falls in love with her dead sister's former boyfriend. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 11, 2001, and was released in the United States on February 2, 2001.

Adam Brooks (filmmaker)
Adam Brooks (born September 3, 1956) is a Canadian film director, screenwriter, and actor. He is best known for writing and directing Definitely, Maybe (2008) and for writing screenplays for French Kiss (1995), Wimbledon (2004), and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004). His first film as a writer-director Almost You won the Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival in 1985.

Brooks served as a council member of the Writers Guild of America East and is currently on the board of the Writers Guild of America East Foundation. He also teaches film at the Columbia University Graduate School of the Arts. Brooks lives in New York City.
Peabody Trust
The Peabody Trust was founded in 1862 as the Peabody Donation Fund and now brands itself simply as Peabody.

It is one of London's oldest and largest housing associations with over 100,000 homes across London and the home counties. It is also a community benefit society and urban regeneration agency.

Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014
The Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 (c. 14) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It consolidates existing legislation relating to (what were then called) industrial and provident societies, as well as introducing some reforms.

It received royal assent on 14 May 2014.
Biju Viswanath
Biju Viswanath is an Indian film director, director of photography, film editor and screenwriter. Across various genres, he has made numerous films in different languages, notably, English, Tamil, Malayalam, Irish, Swahili and Urdu.

He has also served as the jury member 50th National film Awards of India in 2003 and Kerala State Awards in 2003

Zanzibar International Film Festival
Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF), also known as Festival of the Dhow Countries, is an annual film festival held in Zanzibar, Tanzania and one of the largest cultural events in East Africa. ZIFF is a non-governmental organization established in 1997 to develop and promote film and other cultural industries as catalyst for the regional social and economic growth.