hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Companies Clauses Act 1863
The Companies Clauses Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. 118) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that standardised provisions and definitions relating to companies in the United Kingdom.

The Railways Clauses Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. 92) and the Waterworks Clauses Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. 93) were passed at the same time as the act.

As of 2026, the act remains in force in the United Kingdom.

Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom
Public water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom are characterized by universal access and generally good service quality. Unlike many other developed countries, the United Kingdom features diverse institutional arrangements across its constituent parts: (England and Wales; Scotland; and Northern Ireland). In England and Wales, water services are primarily provided by privatized companies, while in Scotland and Northern Ireland, these services are managed by publicly owned entities.  Each region's unique approach is explored in separate articles, while this article is devoted to some common issues across the United Kingdom.
Op. 144
In music, Op. 144 stands for Opus number 144. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Reger – Der Einsiedler

Saint-Saëns – Cavatine

Schumann – "Neujahrslied" for chorus and orchestra

Shostakovich – String Quartet No. 15

Neujahrslied (Schumann)
Neujahrslied (English: New Year's Song), Op. 144, is a set of seven songs by Robert Schumann for choir and orchestra. The work was originally composed in 1849 and fully published in 1861, five years after the composer's death. The work runs approximately 17 minutes.
Ionel Budișteanu
Ionel Budișteanu (8 October 1919, Budești, Ilfov County (today in Călărași County) – 30 October 1991, Bucharest) was a renowned Romanian violinist, conductor and musical arranger, of Roma ethnicity, often called "the lord of Romanian popular music".

Budești
Budești (Romani: Budeshti) is a small provincial town in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. Three villages are administered by the town: Aprozi, Buciumeni, and Gruiu. It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program.
Hurn (surname)
Hurn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ashton Hurn, Australian politician

Brian Hurn (1939–2015), Australian first-class cricketer

Christopher Hurn, American writer, entrepreneur, and business executive

David Hurn (born 1934), British documentary photographer

James Hurn (1926–2003), English cricketer

Raymond Hurn (1921–2007), minister and general superintendent in the Church of the Nazarene

Reba Hurn (1881–1967), lawyer and state legislator

Shannon Hurn (born 1987), Australian rules footballer

James Hurn
James Hurn (10 November 1926 – 23 March 2003) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman who played for Wiltshire. He was born in Melksham.

Hurn, who played for Wiltshire in the Minor Counties Championship between 1952 and 1961, made his sole List A appearance for the team in the 1964 Gillette Cup, against Hampshire. Batting in the upper order, he scored 8 runs, though Wiltshire slipped to a defeat by a 120-run margin.
National Enquirer TV
National Enquirer TV was a 30-minute newsmagazine show starring National Enquirer magazine columnist Mike Walker. The show debuted on August 30, 1999 in many markets.

In season 1, Mike's co host in the first half was former KABC-TV morning anchor Susan Campos. In the 2nd half of the 1st season, Campos was joined by current WOLO-TV anchor James Hill.

In season 2, National Enquirer TV changed its name to National Enquirer's Uncovered, and the show's host was former Sunset Beach actor Jack Maxwell. On the show, every episode includes Walker's Planet Gossip with its daily gossip on the day's news. Walker always ends his commentary with "And now you know it all, almost!"

The show's last first-run episode was aired on July 6, 2001.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
Qvigstad
Qvigstad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Just Knud Qvigstad (1853–1957), Norwegian philologist, linguist, ethnographer, historian, and cultural historian

Just Knut Qvigstad (1902–2001), Norwegian engineer

Lasse Qvigstad (born 1946), Norwegian jurist

Just Knud Qvigstad
Just Knud Qvigstad (4 April 1853 – 15 March 1957) was a Norwegian philologist, linguist, ethnographer, historian and cultural historian. He was also a headmaster in Tromsø, and a politician for the Conservative Party who served as mayor of Tromsø and as Minister of Education and Church Affairs.
Cao Gangchuan
Cao Gangchuan (simplified Chinese: 曹刚川; traditional Chinese: 曹剛川; pinyin: Cáo Gāngchuān; born December 1935) is a Chinese retired general who was the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and Minister of National Defense. He was also state councilor and director of the PLA General Armament Department.

People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department
People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department (GAD; Chinese: 中国人民解放军总装备部) was in charge of equipping and arming the People's Liberation Army of China, as well as overseeing and improving military technology. Founded in April 1998, it was one of the four "general departments" that fell under the Central Military Commission. Various space launch sites across the country also fell under its jurisdiction.

The department was disbanded in January 2016 and the new agency, Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission was founded.
Campsie Fells
The Campsie Fells (also known as the Campsies; Scottish Gaelic: Monadh Chamaisidh) are a range of hills in central Scotland, stretching east to west from Denny Muir to Dumgoyne in Stirlingshire and overlooking Strathkelvin to the south. The southern extent of the range falls within East Dunbartonshire. The range overlooks the villages of Strathblane, Blanefield, Milton of Campsie, Lennoxtown and Torrance to the south; Killearn to the west, and Fintry and Strathendrick to the north. The Fintry Hills lie further to the north; Kilpatrick Hills lie to the west and the Kilsyth Hills to the east.

Torrance, East Dunbartonshire
Torrance  is a village in East Dunbartonshire, formerly Stirlingshire, Scotland, located eight miles (thirteen kilometres) north of Glasgow city centre. Torrance used to mainly consist of farmland. The village was once known as a resting place for workers on their way to the Campsie Fells four miles (six kilometres) north. The Forth and Clyde Canal has a wharf nearby at Hungryside, and the A807 runs along its southern edge. The village has an active community charity whose aims are to improve the village facilities.
Anthony Bukoski
Anthony Bukoski (born October 18, 1945) is a Polish-American writer living in Superior, Wisconsin. He has published several collections of short stories and won various awards. His story "Time Between Trains" was read in live performance by Liev Schreiber at New York's Symphony Space as part of the Selected Shorts program. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-Superior.

University of Wisconsin–Superior
The University of Wisconsin–Superior (UW–Superior or UWS) is a public liberal arts university in Superior, Wisconsin, United States. UW–Superior grants associate, bachelor's, master's and specialist's degrees.  The university enrolls approximately 2,900 students as of fall 2025.
Lucy Winskell
Lucy Winskell, OBE, DL, FRSA is a British lawyer who is Pro Vice-Chancellor at Northumbria University. She was awarded an OBE in the  2014 Queen's Birthday Honours List in recognition for her services to Higher Education and the regional economy in the North East. She has served as the Lord Lieutenant of Tyne and Wear since 18 May 2022.

Birthday Honours
The Birthday Honours, in some Commonwealth realms, mark the reigning monarch's official birthday in each realm by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. The Birthday Honours are one of two annual honours lists, along with the New Year Honours. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette.
National Pensions Regulatory Authority
The National Pensions Regulatory Authority (NPRA) is a Government of Ghana statutory agency responsible for the regulation and policy development of pensions administration in Ghana. The NPRA was established by the National Pensions Act 2008, (Act 766) to regulate and monitor the operations of the three-tier pension scheme and ensure effective administration of all pensions in the country.

Government of Ghana
The Government of Ghana was created as a parliamentary democracy, followed by alternating military and civilian governments in Ghana. In January 1993, military government gave way to the Fourth Republic after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution divides powers among a president, parliament, cabinet, council of state, and an independent judiciary. The government is elected by universal suffrage.
Michael Keogh (politician)
Michael Keogh, known as Max Keogh (1917 – April 2001),was a nationalist politician and journalist in Northern Ireland.

Based in Newry, Keogh became the editor of the Frontier Sentinel.

Keogh was elected to Newry Urban District Council, as a member of the Anti-Partition League of Ireland, and became chairman in 1949, holding the post until 1958. He was succeeded by a war of Independence veteran, Tom Kelly, following the Irish Labour Party landslide.   He held various posts in the Nationalist Party, including Secretary of the party's Executive from 1966.  He was also elected Secretary of the Newry branch of Unity.

In 1967, Keogh was elected to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, representing the Nationalists in South Down.  He held his seat until the Parliament was abolished in 1973.  He was invited to join the Social Democratic and Labour Party on its formation, but chose to remain a Nationalist Party member.

Parliament of Northern Ireland
The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the home rule legislature of Northern Ireland, created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which sat from 7 June 1921 to 30 March 1972, when it was suspended because of its inability to restore order during the Troubles, resulting in the introduction of direct rule. It was abolished under the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.

The Parliament of Northern Ireland was bicameral, consisting of a House of Commons with 52 seats, and an indirectly elected Senate with 26 seats. The Sovereign was represented by the governor (initially by the Lord Lieutenant), who granted royal assent to Acts of Parliament in Northern Ireland, but executive power rested with the prime minister, the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons.
German submarine U-2541
German submarine U-2541 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 31 October 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2541. She was launched on 13 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See  Ernst-August Stellmann on 1 March 1945.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
The Odyssey of Flight 33
"The Odyssey of Flight 33" is episode 54 of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone, the 18th episode of the second season. An unlikely break of the time barrier finds a commercial airliner sent back into the age of dinosaurs and then to New York City of 1939. The tale is a modern telling of the Flying Dutchman myth, and was written by series creator Rod Serling. It originally aired on February 24, 1961 on CBS.

Rod Serling
Rodman Edward Serling (December 25, 1924 – June 28, 1975) was an American screenwriter and television producer best known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his anthology television series The Twilight Zone. Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards. He was known as the "angry young man" of Hollywood, clashing with television executives and sponsors over a wide range of issues, including censorship, racism, and war.
Average Service Availability Index
The Average Service Availability Index (ASAI) is a reliability index commonly used by electric power utilities. ASAI is calculated as

where  is the number of customers and  is the annual outage time (in hours) for location . ASAI can be represented in relation to SAIDI (when the annual SAIDI is given in hours, 8760 is the number of hours in a year)

Electric power
Electric power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy within a circuit. Its SI unit is the watt, the general unit of power, defined as one joule per second. Standard prefixes apply to watts as with other SI units: thousands, millions and billions of watts are called kilowatts, megawatts and gigawatts respectively.

In common parlance, electric power is the production and delivery of electrical energy, an essential public utility in much of the world. Electric power is usually produced by electric generators, but can also be supplied by sources such as electric batteries. It is usually supplied to businesses and homes (as domestic mains electricity) by the electric power industry through an electrical grid.

Electric power can be delivered over long distances by transmission lines and used for applications such as motion, light or heat with high efficiency.
Mirza Najaf Khan
Mīrzā Najaf Khān Bahādur, simply known as Mirza Najaf Khan (1723 – 26 April 1782) was a Mughal nobleman and adventurer of Safavid lineage who came to Delhi around 1740 from Iran after Nader Shah had displaced the Safavid dynasty in 1736. He became a courtier of Mughal emperor Shah Alam II (1740 – 1782). Najaf Khan has been called the "last great general of the Mughal Empire" as after his death, the control of the Mughal territories was taken over by Mahadaji Shinde in 1784/5, and the Mughal authority got reduced to the walls of Delhi.

Najaf Khan married his sister into the family of the Shia Nawabs of Awadh, which resulted in him gaining the title of Deputy Wazir of Awadh, and himself married the daughter of Najib ad-Dawlah. He served during the Battle of Buxar, and was the highest commander of the Mughal army from 1772 till his death in April 1782.

Vizier
A Vizier (/ˈvɪziər/; Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr; Persian: وزیر, romanized: vazīr) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the countries of "greater Persia". The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.

In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as vizir, wazir, and vezir.

A collection of Vizier may introduce a Grand Vizier, within their civilization.
Gabha
Gabha or Gava is a village in Banaripara Upazila of Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Gabha had 809 households and a population of 3,252. It has a total area of 3.23 km2 (1.25 sq mi).

2022 Bangladeshi census
The 2022 Bangladeshi census (Bengali: বাংলাদেশের আদমশুমারি ২০২২) was a detailed enumeration of the Bangladeshi population constituting the sixth national census in the country. It was scheduled to be held in June 2022, was conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, and the reference day used for the census was June 15, 2022. It was initially scheduled to be held in 2021 but was delayed due to complications caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and a lack of equipment.
Mike Law (lacrosse)
Mike Law (born April 5, 1979 in Greenwood Village, Colorado) is a former lacrosse player who played for the Denver Outlaws of Major League Lacrosse and the Colorado Mammoth in the National Lacrosse League. Law was drafted in the fourth round in both the NLL and the MLL. He was a reserve player in the 2007 All-star game. Law graduated from the University of Denver Sturm College of Law on May 19, 2007. In 2008, Law was inducted into the Denver University Hall of Fame.

Denver Outlaws
The Denver Outlaws are a professional field lacrosse team based in Denver, Colorado, that competes in the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL). Founded as the Chrome Lacrosse Club, they began play as one of the league's six inaugural teams in the 2019 season alongside Archers, Atlas, Chaos, Redwoods, and Whipsnakes. The team competes as a member of the league's Western Conference.

Following the assignment of home markets for the 2024 season on November 14, 2023, they were rebranded with the identity of the former Denver Outlaws of Major League Lacrosse. The Denver Outlaws notched their first PLL win defeating the defending champion Utah Archers 18–17 in overtime on June 7, 2024, in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Huaxiagnathus
Huaxiagnathus is an extinct genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China. The genus contains a single species, Huaxiagnathus orientalis, known from two immature individuals from the Yixian Formation. Huaxiagnathus may represent an earlier ontogenetic stage of the tyrannosauroid Sinotyrannus from the younger Jiufotang Formation.

Jiufotang Formation
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ; previoiusly transliterated as Chiufotang Formation) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of Microraptor and Jeholornis are from the Jiufotang.
Pauline Calf's Wedding Video
Pauline Calf's Wedding Video, also known as Three Fights, Two Weddings, and a Funeral is a British comedy written by and starring Steve Coogan, which won the 1995 BAFTA TV Award for Best Comedy Series.

It was produced by Geoff Posner and David Tyler (producer) for Pozzitive Television, following the success of Paul Calf's Video Diary, which had been broadcast on New Year's Day in 1994.

British Academy Television Awards
British Academy Television Awards, or the BAFTA TV Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. They have been awarded annually since 1955. The BAFTA TV Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British and world television, equivalent to the BAFTA Film Awards for cinema, Laurence Olivier Awards for theatre, and the BRIT Awards for music. The BAFTA TV Awards are considered equivalent to the Emmy Awards.
Memorial Hall station (Pittsburgh Regional Transit)
Memorial Hall is a station on the Overbrook branch of the Port Authority of Allegheny County's light rail network. It is located in Castle Shannon, Pennsylvania. The station serves primarily as a park and ride center, with 340 spaces available for commuters. A variety of residents also walk directly to the station. The stop's name comes from the nearby VFW post. The Port Authority does not own the parking facility but leases it from the nearby Castle Shannon Volunteer Fire Department.

Veterans of Foreign Wars
The Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), formally the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, is an organization of United States war veterans who fought in wars, campaigns, and expeditions on foreign land, waters, or airspace as military service members. Established on September 29, 1899, in Columbus, Ohio, the VFW is headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri. It was federally chartered in 1936.
Aron's Absurd Armada
Aron's Absurd Armada is a Korean manhwa series by MiSun Kim. Originally published as a yonkoma webcomic, it has been serialized by Daewon between 2008 and 2012 in five volumes. The series is licensed in North America by Yen Plus in full color, and a collection of three omnibus volumes. The series revolves around the adventures of a gang of pirates led by idiotic Lord Aron Cornwall.

Webcomic
Webcomics (also known as online comics or Internet comics) are comics published on the internet, such as on a website or a mobile app. While many webcomics are published exclusively online, others are also published in magazines, newspapers, or comic books.
Webcomics can be compared to self-published print comics in that anyone with an Internet connection can publish their own webcomic. Readership levels vary widely; many are read only by the creator's immediate friends and family, while some of the most widely read have audiences of well over one million readers. Webcomics range from traditional comic strips and graphic novels to avant garde comics, and cover many genres, styles, and subjects. They sometimes take on the role of a comic blog. The term web cartoonist is sometimes used to refer to someone who creates webcomics. Two examples of webcomic website builders are Comic Fury and Webtoon.
Licze
Licze [ˈlit͡ʂɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kwidzyn, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

During World War II, the German Stalag XX-B prisoner-of-war camp was located in the village for several weeks in December 1939–January 1940, before it was relocated to Wielbark near Malbork.

Malbork
Malbork ([ˈmalbɔrk] ⓘ; German: Marienburg [maˈʁiːənbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of Malbork County and has a population of 36,709 people as of 2024. The town is located on the Nogat river, in the region of Powiśle.

Founded in the 13th century by the Knights of the Teutonic Order, the town is noted for its medieval Malbork Castle, built in the 13th century as the order's headquarters, which was also one of the residences of Polish kings and seat of notable early modern Polish institutions.
Pre-independence schools in Kenya
Pre-independence schools in Kenya with institutionalised education began before the country became independent of British colonialism in 1963, with some 80 schools having been established by various groups and for various communities.

Ngara, Nairobi
Ngara is a commercial and residential suburb of Nairobi. Located within the larger Starehe Sub-county, it is approximately 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) northeast of Nairobi's central business district along Muranga Road.