hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
500th Bombardment Squadron
The 500th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last assigned to the 345th Bombardment Wing at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, where it was inactivated on 25 June 1959.

The squadron was first activated in 1942 for service during World War II.  After training in the United States as a medium bomber unit, it deployed to the Southwest Pacific Theater, where it engaged in combat against Japanese forces, advancing from Australia, through New Guinea and the Philippines, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations and a Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for its combat actions.  Following V-J Day, the squadron remained on Okinawa until December 1945, when it returned to the United States for inactivation.  The squadron was activated again in 1954 as a tactical bomber unit.

Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation
The Philippine Presidential Unit citation Badge is a unit decoration of the Republic of the Philippines. It has been awarded to certain units of the United States military and the Philippine Commonwealth military for actions both during and subsequent to the Second World War.
Ronald Machtley
Ronald Keith Machtley (born July 13, 1948) is an American politician and former president of Bryant University.  Machtley served three terms as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Rhode Island from 1989 to 1995. From 1996 to 2020, Machtley served as president of Bryant University in Smithfield, Rhode Island, and was awarded faculty membership in Omicron Delta Kappa there in 2005.

Omicron Delta Kappa
Omicron Delta Kappa (ΟΔΚ), also known as The Circle and ODK, is an American collegiate honor society that recognizes leadership and scholarship. It was founded in 1914, at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia and has chartered more than 400 chapters or circles. To be selected as a member of ΟΔΚ, students must be among the top 35 percent of all students at that particular institution and hold a leadership role in one of the society's five areas of recognition. Omicron Delta Kappa is a member of the Honor Society Caucus, along with Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, and Sigma Xi.
Media development
Media development involves capacity building for institutions or individuals related to freedom of expression, pluralism and diversity of media, as well as transparency of media ownership. Media development plays a role in democracy and effective democratic discourse through supporting free and independent media.

Media Sustainability Index
The International Research and Exchanges Board's (IREX) Media Sustainability Index (MSI) is a tool to evaluate the global development of independent media. The MSI is one of the most important indices "to assess how media systems change over time and across borders", in addition to the Freedom of the Press Index compiled by Freedom House and the Press Freedom Index compiled by Reporters Without Borders.

In 2018, IREX launched a dynamic data platform, the Media Sustainability Explorer, that enables users to analyze and examine data from all years of the Europe and Eurasia MSI and to compare data trends across time, MSI objectives, regions and individual countries.
Howard Caine
Howard Caine (born Howard Elmer Cohen; January 2, 1926 – December 28, 1993) was an American character actor, probably best known as Gestapo Major Wolfgang Hochstetter in the television series Hogan's Heroes (1965–71). He also played Lewis Morris of New York in the musical film 1776 and Everett Scovill, a thinly disguised portrait of Charles Manson's attorney Irving Kanarek, in the television movie Helter Skelter. He was a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

1776 (film)
1776 is a 1972 American historical musical drama film directed by Peter H. Hunt and written by Peter Stone, based on his book for the 1969 Broadway musical of the same name, with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards. Set in Philadelphia in the summer of 1776, it is a fictionalized account of the events leading up to the signing of the Declaration of Independence. The film stars William Daniels, Howard da Silva, Donald Madden, John Cullum, Ken Howard and Blythe Danner.

Portions of dialogue and some lyrics were taken directly from the letters and memoirs of the actual participants of the Second Continental Congress.
Focal proliferative nephritis
Focal proliferative nephritis is a type of glomerulonephritis seen in 20% to 35% of cases of lupus nephritis, classified as type III. As the name suggests, lesions are seen in less than half of the glomeruli. Typically, one or two foci within an otherwise normal glomerulus show swelling and proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells, infiltration by neutrophils, and/or fibrinoid deposits with capillary thrombi. Focal glomerulonephritis is usually associated with only mild microscopic hematuria and proteinuria; a transition to a more diffuse form of renal involvement is associated with more severe disease.

Microscopic scale
The microscopic scale (from Ancient Greek  μικρός (mikrós) 'small' and  σκοπέω (skopéō) 'to look (at); examine, inspect') is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly. In physics, the microscopic scale is sometimes regarded as the scale between the macroscopic scale and the quantum scale. Microscopic units and measurements are used to classify and describe very small objects. One common microscopic length scale unit is the micrometre (also called a micron) (symbol: μm), which is one millionth of a metre.
Taifa of Molina
The Taifa of Molina (Arabic: طائفة ملينة) was a medieval Islamic taifa kingdom that existed from around the 1080s to 1100. The Taifa was ruled by the Arab tribe of Banu Khazraj which had its origin in the Hejaz region of Arabia. It was centred in the present day region of Molina de Aragón in northern Spain.

Banu Khazraj
The Banu Khazraj (Arabic: بنو خزرج) is a large Arab tribe based in Medina. They were also in Medina during Muhammad's era.

The Banu Khazraj are a South Arabian Qahtanite tribe that were pressured out of South Arabia as a result of the destruction of the Marib Dam. Along with their cousin tribe, the Aws, they migrated to Yathrib, later known as Medina.
John Whitley (RAF officer)
Air Marshal Sir John Rene Whitley, KBE, CB, DSO, AFC & Bar (7 September 1905 – 26 December 1997) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and also in the post-war years.

Air marshal
Air marshal (Air Mshl or AM) is an air-officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence, including many Commonwealth nations. The rank is usually equivalent to a vice admiral or a lieutenant general.

Air marshal is immediately senior to the rank of air vice-marshal and immediately subordinate to the rank of air chief marshal. Officers in the rank of air marshal typically hold very senior appointments such as commander-in-chief of an air force or a large air force formation. Officers in the ranks of air chief marshal and air vice-marshal are also referred to generically as air marshals. Occasionally, air force officers of marshal rank are considered to be air marshals.
Ghassan Alian
Ghassan Alian (Arabic: غسان عليان, Hebrew: רסאן עליאן; born 21 March 1972) is an Israeli-Druze officer in the IDF holding the rank of Aluf (equivalent to Major General). Alian served as the head of the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories, Central Command's executive officer and head of the Israeli Civil Administration. Alian is one of the highest ranking Druze Arabs in the IDF and has served since 1990.

Central Command (Israel)
The Central Command (Hebrew: פיקוד מרכז, Pikud Merkaz), often abbreviated to Pakmaz (פקמ"ז), is a regional command of the Israel Defense Forces. It is responsible for the units and brigades located in the West Bank (under the West Bank Division), Jerusalem, the Sharon, Gush Dan, and the Shephelah.

The commander of the central command is the one who is authorized to declare new cities in the Judea and Samaria Area.
West Yatton Down
West Yatton Down (grid reference ST852760) is a 14.4 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, notified in 1971.

The site is an example of unimproved limestone grassland. Among the more notable plants species are bastard-toadflax (Thesium humifusum), Dyer's greenweed (Genista tinctoria), and musk orchid (Herminium monorchis). Other species present include yellow-wort (Blackstonia perfoliata), kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria), devil's-bit scabious (Succisa pratensis), bee orchid (Ophrys apifera), tor-grass (Brachypodium pinnatum) and upright brome (Bromus erectus).

The site is also of interest for invertebrates. Twenty-five butterfly species have been recorded, including chalkhill blue, Duke of Burgundy, pearl-bordered fritillary and green hairstreak.

Herminium monorchis
Herminium monorchis, the musk orchid, is a commonly occurring species of orchid. It is widespread across much of Europe and northern Asia from France to Japan, including China, Siberia, Mongolia, Ukraine, Germany, Italy, Scandinavia, etc.

It has a localised distribution in Britain; sites where it is found include Ham Hill in Wiltshire and Noar Hill in Hampshire.
Cinema of Argentina
Cinema of Argentina refers to the film industry based in Argentina. The Argentine cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of Argentina or by Argentine filmmakers abroad.

The Argentine film industry has historically been one of the three most developed in Latin American cinema, along with those produced in Mexico and Brazil. Throughout the 20th century, film production in Argentina, supported by the State and by the work of a long list of directors and actors, became one of the major film industries in the Spanish-speaking world. The Golden Age of Argentine cinema took place between the 1930s and 1950s.

Argentina has won eighteen Goya Awards for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film, which makes it the most awarded country. It is also the first Latin American country that has won Academy Awards, in recognition of the films The Official Story (1985) and The Secret in Their Eyes (2009).

Fernando Ayala
Fernando Ayala (2 July 1920 – 11 September 1997) was an Argentine film director, screenwriter and film producer of the classic era.

Ayala initially began as a trainee assistant director in 1942, in El Viaje, and within two years he had become an assistant director. By 1949 he had obtained his first job as director, and from 1958 he also served as producer for the films he directed and some others. Between 1950 and 1987 he was involved in the direction and production of well over 40 films, such as Ayer fue primavera in 1955 and Argentinísima and Argentinísima II in 1972 and 1973 respectively. In 1963 he was a member of the jury at the 13th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1983 film The Deal was entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Special Diploma.
Higher and Higher (film)
Higher and Higher is a 1944 musical film starring Michèle Morgan, Jack Haley, and Frank Sinatra, loosely based on a 1940 Broadway musical written by Gladys Hurlbut and Joshua Logan.  The film version, written by Jay Dratler and Ralph Spence with additional dialogue by William Bowers and Howard Harris, diverges significantly from its source.

The film has songs by Jimmy McHugh (music) and Harold Adamson (lyrics), as well as one song by Rodgers and Hart, "Disgustingly Rich", that remains from the stage production.

Rodgers and Hart
Rodgers and Hart were an American songwriting partnership between composer Richard Rodgers (1902–1979) and the lyricist Lorenz Hart (1895–1943). They worked together on 28 stage musicals and more than 500 songs from 1919 until Hart's death in 1943.  Many of their songs are classics of the Great American Songbook.
R. O. B. Manley
Robert "Bert" Orlando Beater Manley (29 May 1887 – 14 September 1977) was a British farmer and beekeeper, an authority on commercial honey farming and developer of the popular Manley moveable frame hives and frame systems.

Brightwell-cum-Sotwell
Brightwell-cum-Sotwell is a twin-village and civil parish in the Upper Thames Valley in South Oxfordshire. It lies between Didcot to the west and the historic market town of Wallingford to the east. In 1974 it was transferred from Berkshire to the county of Oxfordshire, and from Wallingford Rural District to the district of South Oxfordshire.
Lamontichthys stibaros
Lamontichthys stibaros is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. This catfish is found in Ecuador and Peru, in Ecuador it is found in the basin of the Napo-Pastaza basin, and in Peru it is known from the Marañon basin and has been reported from the Itaya River. This species grows to a standard length of 24.2 cm (9.5 in).

Loricariinae
Loricariinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the armored suckermouth catfishes. This subfamily is divided into two tribes and about 30 genera. They are mainly native to freshwater habitats in South America, but there are also several species (in genera Crossoloricaria, Dasyloricaria, Rineloricaria, Spatuloricaria, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys) in Panama and a single (Rineloricaria) in Costa Rica.
Yomari
Yomari, also called Yamari, (Nepal Bhasa: 𑐫𑑀𑐩𑐵𑐬𑐷‎, also written as 𑐫𑑅𑐩𑐵𑐬𑐷‎, romanized. yomarī) is a delicacy of the Newar community in Nepal which is usually eaten in the winter. It is a steamed dumpling that consists of an external covering of rice flour with sweet high caloric fillings such as chaku and khuwa which are traditionally believed to ward off the cold. Yomari plays a very important role in Newar society and is a key part of its namesake festival,Yomari Punhi, celebrated in the winter. It is also believed that the triangular shape of the Yamari is a symbolic representation of one half of the Shadkona, the symbol of Saraswati and wisdom.

Khoa
Khoa, khoya, khowa or mawa is a soft cheese widely used in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing India, Nepal, and Pakistan. It is made of either dried whole milk or milk thickened by heating in an open iron pan. It is lower in moisture than typical fresh cheeses such as ricotta. It is made from whole milk instead of whey.
Monaca, Pennsylvania
Monaca (/mɪˈnækə/ mi-NAK-ə) is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 5,625 as of the 2020 census. It is located 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

First incorporated in 1840 as Phillipsburg as the home of the New Philadelphia Society, its name was changed to Monaca in honor of the Oneida leader Monacatootha. Fire clay is found in large quantities in the vicinity, and there is a Stölzle Glass plant in the town.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Gella Vandecaveye
Gella Vandecaveye (born 5 June 1973 in Kortrijk, Belgium) is a judoka from Belgium who competed at four Olympic Games.

At the 1996 Summer Olympics Vandecaveye won the silver medal in the women's half-middleweight category. Four years later, at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, she captured a second medal: a bronze one in the same category. She became World Champion in 1993 and 2001 and was European champion seven times in the 1994–2001 period.

Vandecaveye was named "1999 European Judoka of the Year".

European Judo Championships
The European Judo Championships is the Judo European Championship organized by the European Judo Union. The 2015 and 2019 editions were held during the respective European Games. This is also expected for future editions of the European Games.
Guiding Star (2007 album)
Naledi Ya Tsela, (Sesotho for Guiding Star, the title under which it is released internationally) is Vusi Mahlasela's sixth studio album.  Songs on the album are sung in five languages: English, Sepedi, Sesotho, isiZulu, and seTswana.  There also a number of guest singers, including Dave Matthews and Ladysmith Black Mambazo, and many other guest performers - whose contributions are not listed in the tracks only in the liner notes.

The album deals with a number of topics. For example, River of Jordan is about the death of his mother, and Song for Thandi is about the prominent Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) guerrilla Thandi Modise.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Oncken
Oncken is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Oncken Lovejoy, a German-born American philosopher

August Oncken (1844–1911), a German economist (German article)

Hermann Oncken (1867–1945), a German historian

Johann Gerhard Oncken (1800–1884), a pioneer German Baptist preacher

Wilhelm Oncken (1835–1905), a German historian

Johann Gerhard Oncken
Johann Gerhard Oncken (26 January 1800 – 2 January 1884) was a pioneer German Baptist preacher, variously referred to as the "Father of Continental Baptists", the "Father of German Baptists" and the "Apostle of European Baptists". Oncken, Gottfried Wilhelm Lehmann (1799–1882), and Julius Köbner (1806–1884) were known as the Baptist cloverleaf (Kleeblatt). J. G. Oncken helped direct and guide the growth of Baptists throughout Germany and across much of Europe for half a century.

Oncken's theology can be described as conservative, Calvinistic, and evangelistic. He favored ministerial education, but not at the expense of spiritual preparation. He held spiritual gifts as a priority over academic preparation. His zealous methods of preaching and evangelism laid the foundation and set the example for many years to come. His work continues to leave a mark on the Baptists of Germany and Europe.
War (Bone Thugs-n-Harmony song)
"War" is a single by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, released in 1998. It was featured on Small Soldiers and on the 1998 collection album The Collection Volume One. The song is performed by members Layzie, Flesh, and Wish, and also features Henry Rollins, Tom Morello and Flea with also Tim Alexander of Primus provides drums of the song.

The song interpolates the chorus of Edwin Starr's 1970 song of the same name.

Small Soldiers
Small Soldiers is a 1998 American science fiction film directed by Joe Dante from a screenplay by Ted Elliott. It stars Kirsten Dunst and Gregory Smith, along with the voices of Frank Langella and Tommy Lee Jones. The film depicts two conflicting factions of action figures who turn sentient after being programmed with a military microprocessor, putting lives in danger when one faction turns violent in their efforts to eliminate their enemy toys and anyone assisting them.

Released on July 10, 1998, in the United States, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $87.5 million on a $40 million budget. Small Soldiers marks the last on-screen film role of Phil Hartman, who died two months before the film's American premiere, and is dedicated in his memory. Additionally, it marked the final film role of Clint Walker before his retirement and later death in May 2018.
Starksia sella
Starksia sella, the darksaddle blenny, is a species of labrisomid blenny endemic to the waters around the island of Tobago.  It is an inhabitant of reefs, being found at depths of from 5 to 29 metres (16 to 95 ft).  This species can reach a length of 2.9 centimetres (1.1 in) SL.

Tobago
Tobago, officially the Ward of Tobago, is an island and ward in Trinidad and Tobago. It is 35 kilometres (20 nautical miles) northeast of the larger island of Trinidad and about 160 kilometres (85 nautical miles) off Venezuela's northeastern coast. It is southeast of Grenada and southwest of Barbados.
Roger the Poitevin
Roger the Poitevin or Roger de Poitou (mid-1060s – before 1140) was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat possessing large holdings both in England and through his marriage in France during the early 12th century.

He was the third son of Roger of Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Mabel de Bellême. The appellation "the Poitevin" was for his marriage to an heiress from Poitou.

Roger acquired a great lordship in England, with lands in Salfordshire, Essex, Suffolk, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Hampshire, and North Yorkshire. The principal part of the lordship was in what was then called inter Mersam et Ripam, that is, "between the Mersey and the Ribble" and is now divided between Lancashire, Merseyside, and Greater Manchester. After 1090, he also assumed the title 1st Lord of Bowland.

Before 1086, he had married Almodis, daughter of Count Aldebert II of La Marche in Poitou, and sister and presumptive heiress of Count Boso III who was childless and unmarried.

Poitou
Poitou (UK: /ˈpwʌtuː/ PWUH-too, US: /pwɑːˈtuː/ pwah-TOO, French: [pwatu]; Latin: Pictaviensis, Pictavia; Poitevin: Poetou) was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers. Both Poitou and Poitiers are named after the Pictones Gallic tribe.
Apapa
Apapa Listenⓘis a Local Government Area in Lagos, Nigeria located to the west of Lagos Island on the mouth of the Lagos Lagoon. Apapa is home to a number of port facilities operated by the Nigerian Ports Authority, including the Apapa Port Complex and Tin Can Island Port. Together these serve as the country's largest and busiest maritime gateways for international trade. Beyond its maritime infrastructure, the district is a major industrial hub containing significant refineries, warehouses, and the headquarters of several major shipping and logistics companies. While largely commercial, Apapa also features residential areas, including a Government Reserved Area (GRA), though the region is frequently defined by the heavy vehicular traffic associated with its intensive port operations.

Oshodi–Apapa Expressway
The Oshodi-Apapa Expressway was constructed between 1975 and 1978 as a major route to Tincan and Apapa Port and also as a major route into the country from Murtala Mohammed International Airport. As a result of neglect and so many years of the expressway, it however, virtually collapsed, causing the drainage system to also collapse completely.
2004 US Open – Men's singles
Roger Federer defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 6–0, 7–6(7–3), 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2004 US Open. It was his first US Open title and fourth major title overall. He was the first man to capture the Australian Open, Wimbledon Championships, and US Open in a season since Jimmy Connors in 1974. With the win, he became the tenth man to win three majors in a calendar year.

Andy Roddick was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Joachim Johansson.

This marked the final major singles appearances of Todd Martin and Wayne Ferreira, the latter of whom made a record 56th consecutive major singles appearance.

Wayne Ferreira
Wayne Richard Ferreira (born 15 September 1971) is a South African  tennis coach and a former professional player. Ferreira won 15 ATP singles titles and 11 doubles titles. His career-high rankings were world No. 6 in singles (in May 1995) and world No. 9 in doubles (in March 2001).