hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Alston (South Carolina)
William Alston (1757 – June 26, 1839) was a South Carolina legislator, slave owner, planter, and horse breeder.

William Alston was born on 1757.  He was a captain during the revolutionary war under Francis Marion, the famous partisan leader. After the return of peace he married the daughter of Rebecca Motte, and became a successful planter and a large slave-owner. He was for many years a member of the South Carolina senate.

His son Joseph Alston was for several years a prominent member of the South Carolina state legislature, and governor in 1812–1814. Joseph Alston married Theodosia, daughter of Aaron Burr.

William Alston died on 26 June 1839 in Charleston, South Carolina.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "ALLSTON, William," . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.

Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography is a six-volume collection of biographies of notable people involved in the history of the New World. Published between 1887 and 1889, its unsigned articles were widely accepted as authoritative for several decades. Later the encyclopedia became notorious for including dozens of biographies of people who had never existed. In nearly all articles about the Cyclopædia various authors have erroneously spelled the title as Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography, placing the apostrophe in the wrong place.
EMR Telemetry
EMR (Electro-Mechanical Research) Telemetry was a division of Weston Instruments, Inc. based in Sarasota, Florida. EMR started in 1957 and was sold to several different companies throughout its existence. EMR has been owned or operated by companies such as Fairchild Camera and Instrument, Schlumberger LTD, Loral, Lockheed Martin. Currently, the Aviation Recorder Division of L-3 Communications operates the Sarasota facility. EMR products included telemetry processing equipment and space-rated data transmission system, cockpit voice recorders (CVR) and flight data recorders (FDR).

EMR products have been used in many space projects such as Project Mercury, Project Gemini, Ranger 7  and the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 missions. EMR also worked on several classified projects and the X-20 Dyna-Soar prior to the program's cancellation in 1963.

SLB
SLB, formerly known as Schlumberger (French: [ʃlumbɛʁʒe, ʃlœ̃b-]), is an American multinational oilfield services company. Founded in France in 1926, the company is now incorporated as SLB N.V. in Willemstad, Curaçao, with principal executive offices in four cities: Paris, France; Houston, Texas, United States; London, UK; and The Hague, Netherlands. As of 2022, it is both the world's largest offshore drilling company and the world's largest offshore drilling contractor by revenue.

Also known as SLB Limited, the company trades on the New York Stock Exchange and formerly traded on Euronext Paris, the London Stock Exchange and SIX Swiss Exchange. In 2022, the Forbes Global 2000 ranked SLB the 349th largest company in the world.
Mediterranean Steps
36°07′30″N 5°20′35″W﻿ / ﻿36.125034°N 5.343172°W﻿ / 36.125034; -5.343172

Mediterranean Steps is a path and nature trail in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. One of the footpaths of Gibraltar, the path is located entirely within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve and was built by the British military but is now used by civilians as a pedestrian route linking Martin's Path to Lord Airey's Battery near the summit of Rock of Gibraltar. The path offers views over the Strait of Gibraltar, Windmill Hill, Europa Point, the Great Sand Dune, Gibraltar's east side beaches, the Mediterranean Sea and the Spanish Costa del Sol.

Great Gibraltar Sand Dune
The Great Gibraltar Sand Dune is an ancient sand dune in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It forms part of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve and dominates the eastern cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar. It was once used to capture rainwater which was contained in underground tanks within the Rock to satisfy the population's potable water needs.
Canton of Descartes
The canton of Descartes is an administrative division of the Indre-et-Loire department, central France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Descartes.

It consists of the following communes:

Indre-et-Loire
Indre-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃.dʁ‿e.lwaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River. In 2019, it had a population of 610,079. Sometimes referred to as Touraine, the name of the historic region, it is nowadays part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its prefecture is Tours and subprefectures are Chinon and Loches. Indre-et-Loire is a touristic destination for its numerous monuments that are part of the Châteaux of the Loire Valley.
Daniel J. Kihano
Daniel James "Danny" Kihano (March 16, 1933 – January 26, 2000) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Waipahu, Hawaii, Kihano went to Waipahu High School and Honolulu Business College. He also went to Leeward Community College. Kihano owned Danny Kihano Insurance Agency. From 1970 to 1992, Kihano served in the Hawaii House of Representatives and was a Democrat. He served as speaker of the house in 1987, 1989, and 1991. In 1997, Kihano was convicted in the United States District of wire and mail fraud, and money laundering. However, Kihano was ordered released from federal prison in May 1999 because of poor health. Kihano died in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Leeward Community College
Leeward Community College is a public community college in Pearl City, Hawaiʻi. It is one of 10 campuses of the University of Hawaiʻi system, and it is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges.

Leeward practices the open admissions policy, which only requires that a student be 18 years or older or earned a U.S. high school diploma or a GED (General Educational Development) certificate.
Renato Moicano
Renato Alves Carneiro (born May 21, 1989), known as Renato Moicano, is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2010, Moicano made a name for himself fighting all over his home country of Brazil, and is the former interim Jungle Fight Featherweight Champion. As of November 18, 2025, he is #10 in the UFC lightweight rankings.

Moicano is known for his outspoken libertarian activism, inspired by taxes on his UFC winnings, promoting Austrian economics, Bitcoin as protection against financial instability, and core U.S. constitutional liberties.

Rear naked choke
The rear naked choke (RNC), is a chokehold in martial arts applied from an opponent's back. The word naked in this context refers to the fact that this hold does not involve the use of a keikogi ("gi") or training uniform. The technique is also known as hadaka jime (裸絞, "naked choke") in Japanese martial arts and mata leão ("lion killer") in Brazilian jiu-jitsu.

The choke has two variations: in one version, the attacker's arm encircles the opponent's neck and then grabs their biceps/shoulder on the other arm (see below for details); in the second version, the attacker clasps their hands together instead after encircling the opponent's neck. Recent studies have shown that the rear-naked choke takes an average of 8.9 seconds to render an opponent unconscious, regardless of the grip that is used.
Community Health Nurses' Training College, Tanoso
The Community Health Nurses' & Midwifery Training College (formerly known as Community Health Nurses' Training) is public tertiary health education institution in Tanoso in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. The college is in the Tano North District. The activities of the institution are supervised by the Ministry of Health.

The Community Health Nurses' & Midwifery Training College was established in October 2003 in accordance with the Government policy to establish a Community Health Nurses' Training School in every region in Ghana. This was made possible through the efforts of Ernest Akoubour Debrah (former Regional Minister of Brong Ahafo), Nana Asare Baffour, and Chief Ibrahim (former Regional Director of Health Service). The college is affiliated with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), and accredited by the National Accreditation Board of Ghana. It holds a professional accreditation from the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana.

Ministry of Health (Ghana)
The Ministry of Health (MoH) is the government ministry of Ghana that is responsible for the health of Ghanaians.  It is involved in providing public health services, managing Ghana's healthcare industry, and building Ghana's hospitals and medical education system.

Ministry main offices are located in Accra.

The ministry is responsible for all health related issues in Ghana. It was responsible for direct public health service delivery or provision in the country. However, with the enactment of an ACT 525 of parliament, the functions of promotion, preventive, curative and rehabilitative care have been delegated to the Ghana Health Service and Teaching hospitals. Hence, the ministry is now responsible for only policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation, resource mobilization and regulation of the health service delivery in the country.
2011 Moscow Victory Day Parade
The 2011 Moscow Victory Day Parade was an event held on 9 May 2011 to commemorate the 66th anniversary of the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945. The parade marked the Soviet Union's victory in the Great Patriotic War. 20,000 soldiers and officers representing all three services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, and the Ministry of Emergency Situations took part in the parade, followed by +100 military vehicles and 5 Mil Mi-8 Hip helicopters.

Minister of Defence Anatoly Serdyukov was the parade inspector while Colonel General Valery Gerasimov, the then Deputy Chief of the General Staff was the parade commander. For the first time, the new battledress duty uniforms were worn by almost all the parading units. A year later, due to the massive unpopularity of the uniforms, it was reverted to the old style.

Valery Khalilov
Valery Mikhailovich Khalilov (Russian: Валерий Михайлович Халилов; 30 January 1952 – 25 December 2016) was an Uzbek-born Russian military band conductor and composer. A lieutenant general in the Russian military, he was the Senior Director of Music of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia and Chief Military Conductor, most famously conducting the massed Russian military bands at the annual "Victory Day" parade held in the Moscow's Red Square a record 14 times. He died when the plane he was on, en route to Syria, crashed into the Black Sea off Sochi, Russia.
Rod Jones (tight end)
Roderick Earl Jones (March 3, 1964 – December 8, 2018) was an American professional football player who was a tight end for three seasons with the Kansas City Chiefs and the Seattle Seahawks in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Washington Huskies.

1987 NFL draft
The 1987 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 28–29, 1987, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers selected quarterback Vinny Testaverde.
Sanctuary of Asclepius, Epidaurus
The Sanctuary of Asclepius was a sanctuary in Epidaurus dedicated to Asclepius. Especially in the Classical and Hellenistic periods, it was the main holy site of Asclepius. The sanctuary at Epidaurus was the rival of such major cult sites as the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia and Apollo at Delphi. The temple was built in the early 4th century BC.  If still in use by the 4th century AD, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, when the Christian Emperors issued edicts prohibiting non-Christian worship. In 1988, the temple was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List because of its exceptional architecture and its importance in the development and spread of healing sanctuaries (asclepeia) throughout classical antiquity. It was excavated between 1881 and 1928 by Panagiotis Kavvadias (and, from 1887, Valerios Stais), and between 1948 and 1951 by John Papadimitriou.

Asclepius
Asclepius (/æsˈkliːpiəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀσκληπιός Asklēpiós [asklɛːpiós]; Latin: Aesculapius) is a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology. He is the son of Apollo and Coronis, or Arsinoe, or of Apollo alone. Asclepius represents the healing aspect of the medical arts; his daughters, the Asclepiades, are: Hygieia ("Health, Healthiness"), Iaso (from ἴασις "healing, recovering, recuperation", the goddess of recuperation from illness), Aceso (from ἄκεσις "healing", the goddess of the healing process), Aegle (the goddess of good health) and Panacea (the goddess of universal remedy). He has several sons as well. He was associated with the Roman/Etruscan god Vediovis and the Egyptian Imhotep. The rod of Asclepius, a snake-entwined staff similar to the caduceus, remains a symbol of medicine today. Those physicians and attendants who served this god were known as the Therapeutae of Asclepius.
The Rose Without a Thorn
The Rose Without a Thorn is a 1933 historical play by the British writer Clifford Bax. It portrays the courtship and marriage of Henry VIII and his fifth wife Catherine Howard.

It ran in the West End for 128 performances, debuting at the Duke of York's Theatre before transferring to the Vaudeville Theatre. The cast was headed by Frank Vosper as Henry VIII and also included Joan Maude, Alastair Sim, Lawrence Hanray and Fabia Drake.

In 1947 it was adapted by the BBC into a television film of the same title starring Arthur Young and Victoria Hopper as Henry and Catherine.

Joan Maude
Joan Maude (16 January 1908 – 28 September 1998) was an English actress, active from the 1920s to the 1950s. She is probably best known for playing the Chief Recorder in the 1946 Powell and Pressburger film A Matter of Life and Death.

The daughter of actors Charles Maude and Nancy Price, Maude's great-grandmother on her father's side was the singer Jenny Lind, known as the "Swedish Nightingale". Maude was a cousin of the actor-manager Cyril Maude.

Maude married firstly Scottish Rugby International player and journalist Frank Waters (1909-1954), with whom she had a daughter. In 1956, she married Oliver Woods (1911-1972). She was the writer, producer, and production designer of the short film All Hallowe'en (1952).

Her mother, an author, and an actress, published a book Behind the Night-Light: The By-World of a Child of Three in 1912, recording 'faithfully' the beasts and animals Joan imagined as a 3-year-old.
Kumar Puspanjay
Kumar Puspanjay (born 1963) is an Indian politician and a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Janata Dal (United), who is currently representing the Barbigha constituency in the Bihar Legislative Assembly.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Enrico Guicciardi
Enrico Guicciardi (1812-1895) was an Italian colonel and politician during the 19th century. He was known for being a Senator of the Kingdom of Italy during its 10th legislature, a Deputy of the Kingdom of Italy during its 8th, 9th and 10th legislatures and the main colonel at the Operations in Valtellina during the Third Italian War of Independence.

Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Camera dei deputati del Regno d'Italia) was the main legislative body of the Kingdom of Italy descended from the lower house of the Kingdom of Sardinia, but supplemented with deputies from territories captured during the Second Italian War of Independence and the Expedition of the Thousand. Along with the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy, it formed the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until 1939.
Werner Hagedorn
Werner August Hagedorn (2 July 1831, in Westhausen – 20 June 1894, in Magdeburg) was a German surgeon.

He studied medicine at the University of Berlin, where his instructors included Johannes Peter Müller and Bernhard von Langenbeck. In 1854 he received his doctorate with the thesis De forcipe Schoelleriana obstetricia. From 1855 he worked as an assistant at the hospital in Magdeburg-Altstadt, where in 1863 he was appointed head of the surgical department.

He is credited for introducing Listerian antiseptic methods at the Magdeburg-Altstadt hospital. His name is associated with the "Hagedorn needle", which is a curved surgical needle flattened on the sides. He was the author of Frisches getrocknetes Moos (Sphagnum), ein gutes Verbandmaterial ("Fresh dried sphagnum, a good dressing material"; 1883), an article published in Langenbeck's Archiv.

Antiseptic
An antiseptic (Greek: ἀντί, romanized: anti, lit. 'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.

Antibacterials include antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria. Microbicides which destroy virus particles are called viricides or antivirals. Antifungals, also known as antimycotics, are pharmaceutical fungicides used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).
Fantasia No. 3 (Mozart)
Fantasia No. 3 in D minor, K. 397/385g (Fantasy in English, Fantasie in German) is a piece of music for solo piano composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1782. Despite the fact it was finished by another composer, the piece is nonetheless one of his more popular compositions for the piano.

The original manuscript has not survived and the final measures of the piece have been lost or were never completed by Mozart. The ending as it currently exists (the last 10 measures) is believed to have been written by August Eberhard Müller, one of the composer's admirers. For her Philips Records recording, pianist Mitsuko Uchida has written her own ending that is similar to the piece's beginning, rather than using Müller's.

Mitsuko Uchida
Dame Mitsuko Uchida, (内田光子; [ɯtɕida miꜜtsɯ̥ko]; born 20 December 1948) is a Japanese-English classical pianist and conductor. Born in Japan and naturalised in England, she is particularly notable for her interpretations of Mozart and Schubert.

She has appeared with many notable orchestras, recorded a wide repertory with several labels, won numerous awards and honours (including Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2009) and is the co-artistic director, with Jonathan Biss, of the Marlboro Music School and Festival. She has also conducted several major orchestras.
Bulnes Funicular
The Bulnes Funicular (Spanish: Funicular de Bulnes) is an underground funicular connecting the villages of Bulnes and Poncebos in the Picos de Europa region of the Cantabrian Mountains in Asturias, Spain.

Cantabrian Mountains
The Cantabrian Mountains or Cantabrian Range (Spanish: Cordillera Cantábrica) are one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. 
They stretch for over 300 km (180 miles) across northern Spain, from the western limit of the Pyrenees to the Galician Massif in Galicia, along the coast of the Cantabrian Sea. Their easternmost end meets the Sistema Ibérico.

These mountains are a distinct physiographic province of the larger Alpine System physiographic division.

The Cantabrian Mountains offer a wide range of trails for hiking, as well as many challenging climbing routes. Skiing is possible in the ski resorts of Alto Campoo, Valgrande-Pajares, Fuentes de Invierno, San Isidro, Leitariegos and Manzaneda.
Macrocephaly-capillary malformation
Macrocephaly-capillary malformation (M-CM) is a multiple malformation syndrome causing abnormal body and head overgrowth and cutaneous, vascular, neurologic, and limb abnormalities.  Though not every patient has all features, commonly found signs include macrocephaly, congenital macrosomia, extensive cutaneous capillary malformation (naevus flammeus or port-wine stain type birthmark over much of the body; a capillary malformation of the upper lip or philtrum is seen in many patients with this condition), body asymmetry (also called hemihyperplasia or hemihypertrophy), polydactyly or syndactyly of the hands and feet, lax joints, doughy skin, variable developmental delay and other neurologic problems such as seizures and low muscle tone.

Syndactyly
Syndactyly is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some metatherian mammals, but is an unusual condition in humans. The term is from Ancient Greek  σύν (syn) 'together' and  δάκτυλος (daktulos) 'finger'.
2014 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2014 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 127th staging of the All-Ireland championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The draw for the 2014 fixtures took place on 3 October 2013. The championship began on 27 April 2014 and ended on 7 September 2014.

On 7 June 2014 Kilkenny versus Offaly was broadcast on Sky Sports, the first time a Championship fixture was broadcast live to a UK-wide audience. British viewers were reported to have been "amazed and confused", "bemused but impressed" and "amused and confounded" after seeing hurling for the first time.

Clare entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Wexford. Kilkenny won the All-Ireland title following a 2–17 to 2–14 defeat of Tipperary after a replay.

Antrim GAA
The Antrim County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Aontroma) or Antrim GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The county board is also responsible for the Antrim county teams.

The county hurling team contested All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) finals on two occasions: 1943 and 1989. The county football team contested All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) finals on two occasions: 1911 and 1912.

As of 2025, there were 51 clubs affiliated to Antrim GAA.