hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Make (software)
In software development, Make is a command-line interface software tool that performs actions ordered by configured dependencies as defined in a configuration file called a makefile. It is commonly used for build automation to build executable code (such as a program or library) from source code. Make is also not limited to building and can perform any operation available via the operating system shell.

Make is widely used, especially in Unix and Unix-like operating systems, even though many competing technologies and tools are available, including similar tools that perform actions based on dependencies, some compilers and interactively via an integrated development environment.

In addition to referring to the original Unix tool, Make is also a technology since multiple tools have been implemented with roughly the same functionality – including similar makefile syntax and semantics.

Dependence analysis
In compiler theory, dependence analysis produces execution-order constraints between statements/instructions.  Broadly speaking, a statement S2 depends on S1 if S1 must be executed before S2.  Broadly, there are two classes of dependencies--control dependencies and data dependencies.

Dependence analysis determines whether it is safe to reorder or parallelize statements.
Forgetting to Know You
Forgetting to Know You (Chinese: 忘了去懂你) is a 2013 Chinese drama film written and directed by Quan Ling. It was Quan's directorial debut. The film debuted at the 2013 63rd Berlin International Film Festival, but was not released domestically until August 29, 2014.

The film is set and filmed in Baisha (白沙), a suburban town in Jiangjin District, Chongqing. The Chinese title used at Berlin International Film Festival was Mosheng (陌生; "Unfamiliar"), but it was later changed to match the English title's meaning.

Jiangjin, Chongqing
Jiangjin District (Chinese: 江津区; pinyin: Jiāngjīn Qū), one of the districts in the southwest of Chongqing, China, lies along the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and has a history extending back more than 1500 years.  The district covers 3200 square kilometres and has a population of 1,359,611 in 2020, and borders the provinces of Sichuan to the southwest and Guizhou to the south. The district government seat of Jiangjin District is 50 km (31 mi) away by highway, 65 km (40 mi) away by railway and 72 km (45 mi) away by waterway from Yuzhong District in central Chongqing.
Randa Abdel-Fattah
Randa Abdel-Fattah (Arabic: رندة عبد الفتاح; born 6 June 1979) is an Australian sociologist, lawyer and writer of fiction and non-fiction. She is an advocate for Palestinian people and human rights in general. Much of her work focuses on identity and what it means to be Muslim in Australia. Her debut novel, Does My Head Look Big in This?, was published in 2005, and Coming of Age in the War on Terror was published in 2021. Her 2025 novel, Discipline, came to public attention after Abdel-Fattah was disinvited from the 2026 Adelaide Writers' Week, leading to a boycott by most of the scheduled participants and the subsequent cancellation of the event.

Victorian Premier's Literary Awards
The Victorian Premier's Literary Awards were created by the Victorian Government with the aim of raising the profile of contemporary creative writing and Australia's publishing industry. As of 2013, it is reportedly Australia's richest literary prize with the top winner receiving A$125,000 and category winners A$25,000 each.

The awards were established in 1985 by John Cain, Premier of Victoria, to mark the centenary of the births of Vance and Nettie Palmer, two of Australia's best-known writers and critics who made significant contributions to Victorian and Australian literary culture.

From 1986 till 1997, the awards were presented as part of the Melbourne Writers Festival. In 1997 their administration was transferred to the State Library of Victoria. By 2004, the total prize money was A$180,000. In 2011, stewardship was taken over by the Wheeler Centre.
Vsevolod Kashkin
Vsevolod Kashkin (born 8 June 1998) is a Russian luger. He won the gold medal in the team relay event at the 2021 FIL European Luge Championships held in Sigulda, Latvia.

In 2016, he won the bronze medal in the doubles event at the Winter Youth Olympics held in Lillehammer, Norway. He also won the silver medal in the team relay event.

At the beginning of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022, Kashkin participated in spreading lies and Russian propaganda on social media to justify the illegal war.

2016 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2016 Winter Youth Olympics (Norwegian: Olympiske vinterleker for ungdom 2016; Nynorsk: Olympiske vinterleikane for ungdom 2016), officially known as the II Winter Youth Olympic Games, took place in and around Lillehammer, Norway, from 12 to 21 February 2016. They were the fourth Youth Olympic Games and the second winter edition. Lillehammer was awarded the games on 7 December 2011 as the only candidate. The games reused venues from the 1994 Winter Olympics; this made Lillehammer the first city to host both regular and Youth Olympics. In addition to Lillehammer Municipality, Olympic events were staged at venues in Hamar Municipality, Gjøvik Municipality and Øyer Municipality.
Sonia Nimr
Sonia Nimr (Arabic: سونيا نمر; born 1955) is a Palestinian writer, storyteller, translator, ethnographer and academic. She writes for children and youth in Arabic and English, and relates folk-tales in colloquial Arabic. She is the winner of the 2014 Etisalat Award for Arabic Children's Literature for Best Young Adult Book for her book Extraordinary Journeys to Unknown Places. Nimr is an Associate Professor of Philosophy and Cultural Studies at Birzeit University.

Sheikh Zayed Book Award
The Sheikh Zayed Book Award is a literary award presented yearly to  writers, intellectuals, publishers whose writings and scholarly publications contributed to Arab cultural, literary and social life. The award has been described as “the Arab World’s equivalent to the Nobel Prize”. The first award was in 2007. The total value of the prizes is DH 7,000,000 making it one of the richest literary awards in the world.

The award is named in memory of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the founding father of the United Arab Emirates.
Ernest Glennie
Ernest Glennie (8 February 1870— 16 July 1908) was a New Zealand rugby union player who represented the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks in 1897. His positions of choice were halfback, five-eighth and wing-forward.

He was understood to have been born in Queenstown.

Queenstown, New Zealand
Queenstown (Māori: Tāhuna) is a resort town in Otago in the south-west of New Zealand's South Island. It is the seat and largest town in the Queenstown-Lakes District.

The town is on the northwestern edge of Lake Wakatipu, a long, thin, S-shaped lake formed by glacial processes, and has views of nearby mountains such as The Remarkables, Cecil Peak, Walter Peak and, just above the town, Ben Lomond and Queenstown Hill. Queenstown is known for its tourism businesses, especially adventure and ski tourism.
Virginia State Route 3
Virginia State Route 3 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia that extends from the town of Culpeper south and eastwardly to Gloucester in Virginia's Middle Peninsula region. For many years, a portion was named "Historyland Highway".

Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park is a unit of the National Park Service in Fredericksburg, Virginia, and elsewhere in Spotsylvania County, commemorating four major battles in the American Civil War: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, The Wilderness, and Spotsylvania.
43rd Oklahoma Legislature
The Forty-third Oklahoma Legislature was a meeting of the legislative branch of the government of Oklahoma, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. State legislators met at the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City from January 8 to May 31, 1991, and from January 3 to May 29, 1992, during the second two years of the term of Governor David Walters.

Stratton Taylor served as the President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate and Glen D. Johnson, Jr. served as the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

Stratton Taylor
Stratton Taylor (born 1956) is an American attorney and was the longest-serving President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Elected as President pro tempore on a unanimous, bipartisan vote in 1995, he served eight years.

He is the founding member of the law firm Taylor, Burrage, Singhal, Mallett and Downs.
Ulmarra
Ulmarra is a small town on the south bank of the Clarence River in New South Wales, Australia in the Clarence Valley district. At the 2021 census, Ulmarra had a population of 418.

The town had the distinction of being the smallest local government area of New South Wales until 2000 when it amalgamated with the Nymboida Shire to form Pristine Waters Shire, which later merged with Copmanhurst, Grafton and Maclean Shires to become the Clarence Valley Council.

Ulmarra's name comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "Bend in the river".

The Ulmarra Ferry was a vehicular cable ferry, which crosses the Clarence River from a point about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Ulmarra, to Southgate on the north bank. It closed in June 2024.

The Clarence River, with the Ulmarra Ferry

Cable ferry
A cable ferry (including the types chain ferry, rope ferry, swing ferry, floating bridge, or punt) is a ferry that is guided (and in many cases propelled) across a river or large body of water by cables connected to both shores. The earliest examples date from the 13th century, and often used either rope or steel chains. These were largely replaced by wire cable by the late 19th century. Cable ferries use relatively little energy, but can hinder other craft.
Pura Purani
Pura Purani (Aymara pura pura Xenophyllum (or a species of it), -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with the pura pura plant") is an about 5,318-metre-high (17,448 ft) mountain  in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. It is between Phaq'u Kiwuta in the northeast and Mich'ini in the southwest.

Los Andes Province (Bolivia)
Los Andes is one of the twenty provinces in the central parts of the Bolivian La Paz Department. The province was legally founded on November 24, 1917, during the presidency of José Gutiérrez Guerra. The Spanish name of the province means "The Andes", referring to its position within the Cordillera Real which is part of the Bolivian Andes mountain range. The capital of the province is Pucarani, which has a population of 918 as of the 2001 census. Pucarani is situated in the Altiplano west of the Cordillera Real offering a view of some of its highest mountains such as Ch'iyar Juqhu, Chachakumani, Kunturiri, Wayna Potosí and Chacaltaya.
Robert Naiman (activist)
Robert Naiman is an American policy analyst, researcher, writer, and activist. He is formerly the policy director at Just Foreign Policy, and was formerly on the board of directors at progressive news organization Truthout.  He has master's degrees in economics and mathematics from the University of Illinois.

Naiman is a frequent commentator on the Middle East.  He has worked as a policy analyst and researcher at the Center for Economic and Policy Research and the Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch. He has studied and worked in the Middle East, where he has  participated in actions "for the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people" and "against injustice," such as the 2011 attempt to break Israel's blockade of Gaza.

Naiman's writings and policy positions have received criticism from both supporters and opponents of Israeli policy towards the Palestinians.

Truthout
Truthout is an American non-profit news organization which describes itself as "dedicated to providing independent reporting and commentary on a diverse range of social justice issues." Truthout reports news from a left-wing perspective, with its main areas of focus including mass incarceration, prison abolition advocacy, social justice, climate change, militarism, economics, open borders, U.S. LGBTQ+ rights, and reproductive justice.

Truthout's senior leadership team comprises the executive director, Ziggy West Jeffery, and the editor-in-chief, Negin Owliae. The organization's annual operating budget is approximately $2.2 million as of 2021.
Nerkin Bazmaberd
40°20′43″N 44°03′20″E﻿ / ﻿40.34528°N 44.05556°E﻿ / 40.34528; 44.05556

Nerkin Bazmaberd (Armenian: Ներքին Բազմաբերդ), formerly known as Agdzhakala, Aghjaghala, Nerkin Agdzhakala, or Nerkin Hajighala, is a village in the Talin Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. It was renamed Nerkin Bazmaberd on November 12, 1946. The population descends from refugees and migrants from the occupied Sasun and Mush provinces of the Ottoman Empire (current Turkey) in 1915–1918.

Muş Province
Muş Province (Turkish: Muş ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mûşê; Armenian: Մուշի մարզ, romanized: Mushi marz) is a province in the east Anatolia region of Turkey (Türkiye). Its area is 8,718 km2, and its population is 399,202 (2022), down from 453,654 in 2000. The provincial capital is the city of Muş. Another town in Muş province, Malazgirt (Manzikert), is famous for the Battle of Manzikert of 1071.

The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.
Rymzo
Rymzo  (real name Churchill Sosa De Gusto) born April 23, 1974, in Lagos state is a Nigerian musical recording artist and producer. His music is influenced by many  artists including Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, Jimi Hendrix, U-Roy, I-Roy, Bob Marley, Naughty by Nature, Kool Moe Dee, Shabba Ranks, Tiger, Cocoa Tea, Capleton, Joe Higgs.

Capleton
Clifton George Bailey III (born 13 April 1967), better known by his stage name Capleton, is a Jamaican reggae and dancehall musician. He is also referred to as King Shango, King David, The Fireman and The Prophet. His record label is called David House Productions. He is known for his Rastafari views expressed in his songs.
Randy Brock
Randolph D. "Randy" Brock III (born September 28, 1943) is an American politician from the state of Vermont and a member of the Republican Party. He currently serves in the Vermont Senate and is the first African American caucus leader in Vermont. He served as the Vermont Auditor of Accounts from 2005 to 2007 and as a member of the Vermont Senate from 2009 to 2013, and was the Republican nominee for Governor of Vermont in 2012, losing to Democratic incumbent Peter Shumlin. He ran unopposed for the 2016 Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Vermont. In December 2017, Governor Phil Scott announced that he had appointed Brock to the Vermont Senate, filling the vacancy caused by the resignation of Dustin Allard Degree.

Vermont Senate
The Vermont Senate is the upper house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Vermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is no limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the U.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at the Vermont State House in the state capital of Montpelier.
Valentin Kuzin
Valentin Egorevich Kuzin (Russian: Валентин Егорович Кузин; September 23, 1926 in Novosibirsk, Soviet Union - August 13, 1994) was a Soviet ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Championship League with HC Dynamo Moscow. He also played for the Soviet national team at the 1956 Winter Olympics, where he won a gold medal He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1954.

Soviet Championship League
The Soviet Hockey Championship (Russian: Чемпионат СССР по хоккею) was the highest level ice hockey league in the Soviet Union, running from 1946 to 1992. Before the 1940s the game of ice hockey was not cultivated in Russia, instead the more popular form of hockey was bandy. Following the dissolution of the USSR, the league was temporarily renamed the CIS Championship in 1992. This organization was the direct predecessor of the International Hockey League (Russian: Межнациональная хоккейная Лига), and subsequent Russian Superleague (RSL) and current Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Structure of the Royal Air Force
This is the structure of the Royal Air Force (RAF).

Air Chief Marshal Harv Smyth serves as the Chief of the Air Staff, the professional head of the Royal Air Force, alongside Air Marshal Paul Lloyd, the Deputy Chief of the Air Staff. Warrant Officer Murugesvaran Subramaniam was appointed the senior Warrant Officer of the RAF in April 2023. Air Marshal Allan Marshall was appointed Air and Space Commander in March 2024.

Air chief marshal
Air chief marshal (Air Chf Mshl or ACM) is a high-ranking air officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence. This rank is also equivalent to an admiral in a navy or a full general in an army or other nations' air forces.

The rank of air chief marshal is immediately senior to the rank of air marshal but subordinate to marshal of the air force. Air chief marshals are sometimes generically considered to be air marshals.
Kalinina, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Volgograd Oblast
Kalinina (Russian: Калинина) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Krasnoye Rural Settlement, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 427 as of 2010. There are 33 streets.

Sredneakhtubinsky District
Sredneakhtubinsky District (Russian: Среднеахту́бинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Sredneakhtubinsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,039 square kilometers (787 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Srednyaya Akhtuba. Population: 58,962 (2010 Census); 55,341 (2002 Census); 48,555 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Srednyaya Akhtuba accounts for 24.5% of the district's total population.
Queensland Kanaka English
Queensland Kanaka English, Queensland Canefields English or Queensland Plantation Pidgin English is an English-based pidgin language that was spoken by Melanesian labourers in Queensland, Australia from the late 1860s.

Melanesians
Melanesians are the predominant and Indigenous inhabitants of Melanesia, in an area stretching from New Guinea to the Fiji Islands. Most speak one of the many languages of the Austronesian language family (especially ones in the Oceanic branch) or one of the many unrelated families of Papuan languages. There are several creoles of the region, such as Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, Solomon Islands Pijin, Bislama, and Papuan Malay.
Wooden dolls, Natungram
Natungram Wooden Dolls are a type of wooden dolls popular in India, especially in West Bengal's Bardhaman district. The art of making wooden dolls is a traditional practice among some Indian cultures and Natungram dolls hold particular cultural significance as they are directly associated with the goddess Lakshmi. Other examples of such dolls include the famous Gour-Nitai dolls, Krishna dolls and Royal couple dolls.

Bardhaman district
Bardhaman (/ˈbɑːrdəˌmən/, Bengali: [ˈbɔrˌdʱoman]), or sometimes Burdwan and Barddhaman, was a former district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Bardhaman. On 7 April 2017, the district was bifurcated into two separate districts namely Purba Bardhaman and Paschim Bardhaman. It was the seventh most populous district in India (out of 640) at the time of bifurcation.
Canton of Soissons-2
The canton of Soissons-2 (before 2015: Soissons-Sud) is an administrative division in northern France. It consists of the southern part of the town of Soissons and its southern suburbs. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 11 to 14 communes. Since the merger, on 1 January 2023, of Berzy-le-Sec and Noyant-et-Aconin into Bernoy-le-Château the canton has had 13 communes.

Acy

Belleu

Bernoy-le-Château

Billy-sur-Aisne

Courmelles

Mercin-et-Vaux

Missy-aux-Bois

Ploisy

Septmonts

Serches

Sermoise

Soissons (partly)

Vauxbuin

Berzy-le-Sec
Berzy-le-Sec (French pronunciation: [bɛʁzi lə sɛk]) is a former commune in the department of Aisne in Hauts-de-France in northern France. On 1 January 2023, it was merged into the new commune of Bernoy-le-Château.
Canton-Potsdam Hospital
Canton-Potsdam Hospital is a 94-bed 
not-for-profit hospital located in Potsdam, New York, which is northeast of Canton the county seat of St. Lawrence. Their special services programs include
inpatient detox and Center for Cancer Care.

Canton (village), New York
Canton is a village and county seat of St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The village is centrally located in both the town of Canton and the county of St. Lawrence. The population was 7,155 at the 2020 census. The name comes from the Chinese city of Canton (now Guangzhou).

The village of Canton provides many municipal services such as a fully functional village highway department, water and sewer department, volunteer fire department, court system and a police department along with other municipal agencies.
John Dugdale (Conservative politician)
John Stratford Dugdale KC (30 July 1835 – 27 October 1920) was a lawyer and Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

He was elected at the 1886 general election as member of parliament (MP) for Nuneaton, having stood unsuccessfully in 1885. He stood down at the 1892 general election, and did not stand again.

Shortly before his election, Dugdale was resident at Blythe Hall, Coleshill, and was Recorder for Birmingham. He was a King's Counsel.

In 1889 he was appointed the first chairman of Warwickshire County Council. An oil portrait of Dugdale, by William Carter, is in Warwick Shire Hall.

Coleshill, Warwickshire
Coleshill (/ˈkoʊzɪl/ KOH-zil) is a market town and civil parish in the North Warwickshire district of Warwickshire, England, taking its name from the River Cole, on which it stands. It had a population of 6,900 in the 2021 Census, and is situated 11 miles (18 km) east of Birmingham, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) southeast of Sutton Coldfield, 11 miles (18 km) south of Tamworth, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Coventry by road and 12.5 miles (20 km) west of Nuneaton. It borders the suburban parish village of Kingshurst in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull to the west. It is also home to the 505-year-old Coleshill School seated next to the dual carriageway.
James Kraft (politician)
James Kraft (born May 6, 1941) is a former member of the Arizona House of Representatives. He served in the House from January 2001 through January 2003, serving district 18.: vii  After redistricting in 2002, he ran for re-election in District 10, but lost in the Republican primary to Linda Gray and Doug Quelland.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.