hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photoshop contest
A Photoshop contest, or sometimes Photoshop battle (often abbreviated to PS Battle), is an online game, in which a website or user of an Internet forum will post a starting image — usually a photograph — and ask others to manipulate the image using some graphics editing software, usually Adobe Photoshop, however other editors are commonly allowed, such as Corel Photo-Paint, GIMP, PaintShop Pro, Paint.NET or even Microsoft Paint. People can also use video editing software to create these images, such as Adobe Premiere Pro, Kdenlive, OpenShot, or NCH VideoPad.

While Photoshop is the industry standard image editing program, Adobe Systems, the publisher of Photoshop, discourages use of "Photoshop" to refer to anything other than their photo editing software, to prevent their trademark from becoming generic.

Adobe Premiere Pro
Adobe Premiere (formerly Adobe Premiere Pro) is a video editing application developed by Adobe and is distributed as part of the Adobe Creative Cloud suite. It is primarily used for producing high-quality videos across various industries.
Linda S. Hirst
Linda Susan Hirst (also published as Linda Susan Matkin) is a British and American condensed matter physicist whose research concerns liquid crystals, soft matter, active matter, and the physical behavior of biological structures at the subcellular level. She is a professor of physics at the University of California, Merced.

University of California, Merced
The University of California, Merced (UC Merced or colloquially, UCM) is a public land-grant research university in Merced County, California, United States. Established in 2005, UC Merced is the tenth and newest campus in the University of California (UC) system. The primary campus is located around 5 miles (8.0 km) north of the city of Merced and sits adjacent to Lake Yosemite. The main campus is around 1,026 acres (415 hectares) in size and is adjacent to large swaths of protected natural grasslands and vernal pools, which have shaped its development, capital planning, and research.

UC Merced offers over 60 undergraduate degrees and 18 graduate and professional degrees and roughly 8,000 undergraduates and 700 graduate students were enrolled at UCM as of fall 2023. In 2025 the university was classified as an R1 Carnegie research institution.
Marie K. Formad
Marie K. Formad (October 30, 1860 – February 21, 1944) was a Russian-born, American physician who worked for 52 years at Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia as a teaching surgeon, gynecologist, and pathologist. She served as a surgeon in the French Army in World War I from 1918 to 1919 and received the Honour medal for courage and devotion from the French government for her wartime service.

French Army in World War I
During World War I, France was one of the Triple Entente powers allied against the Central Powers. Although fighting occurred worldwide, the bulk of the French Army's operations occurred in Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Alsace-Lorraine along what came to be known as the Western Front, which consisted mainly of trench warfare. Specific operational, tactical, and strategic decisions by the high command on both sides of the conflict led to shifts in organizational capacity, as the French Army tried to respond to day-to-day fighting and long-term strategic and operational agendas. In particular, many problems caused the French high command to re-evaluate standard procedures, revise its command structures, re-equip the army, and to develop different tactical approaches.
Lafayette Township, Indiana
Lafayette Township is the name of four townships in the U.S. state of Indiana:

Lafayette Township, Allen County, Indiana

Lafayette Township, Floyd County, Indiana

Lafayette Township, Madison County, Indiana

Lafayette Township, Owen County, Indiana

Lafayette Township, Floyd County, Indiana
Lafayette Township is one of five townships in Floyd County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 7,449 and it contained 2,856 housing units, although it remains one of the two townships in the county without an incorporated community, along with Franklin Township.
Montfalcon family
The Montfalcon family is a noble lineage from Savoy, originally from the Albanais region.

According to the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, the Montfalcon family established in Compesières (canton of Geneva) traces its origins to Novalaise, which distinguishes it from the Savoyard Montfalcon family. However, some authors regard it as a branch that settled in Geneva. The family name has at times been confused with Montfaucon in Franche-Comté, as well as with the title of Montfalcon in Dauphiné, which belonged to the de Brosses family.

Bugey
The Bugey (French pronunciation: [byʒɛ], [byʒe]; Arpitan: Bugê) is a historical region in the department of Ain, eastern France, located between Lyon and Geneva. It is located in a loop of the Rhône River in the southeast of the department. It includes the foothills of the Jura mountains, and the highest point is the Grand Colombier. Bugey is divided into two sub-regions: Haut Bugey and Bas Bugey. The inhabitants of Bugey are known as Bugistes or alternatively as Bugeysiens.
2002 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse tournament
The 2002 NCAA Division I lacrosse tournament was the 32nd annual tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team champion of men's college lacrosse among its Division I programs, held at the end of the 2002 NCAA Division I men's lacrosse season.

Syracuse defeated Princeton in the final, 13–12. The Orangemen's victory—for their record-tying seventh official championship and second in three years—was led by Michael Powell, who had four goals and three assists. The game was a rematch of the 2001 championship game, which was won by Princeton.

The championship game was played at Rutgers Stadium at Rutgers University in Piscataway, New Jersey, with 19,706 fans in attendance. This was the final championship played on a college campus before later tournament finals were moved to larger National Football League venues.

SHI Stadium
SHI Stadium is the football stadium at Rutgers University in Piscataway, New Jersey. Rutgers Scarlet Knights football, Rutgers Scarlet Knights men's lacrosse, and women's lacrosse use the venue for home games. It is located on the Busch Campus at Rutgers, and overlooks the Raritan River to the South. The stadium was opened as Rutgers Stadium on September 3, 1994, when the Rutgers Scarlet Knights hosted the Kent State Golden Flashes. It currently seats 52,454 spectators after a 2009 expansion in the south end zone student section.
Mohamed Ikoki Msandeki
Mohamed Ikoki Msandeki (also spelled Msanduki, born December 31, 1985, in Kondoa) is a Tanzanian marathon runner. In 2008, he won the Luxembourg Marathon in a time of 2:15:29.  He set his personal best time of 2:11:01, at the 2010 Gutenberg Marathon in Mainz, Germany Msandeki represented Tanzania at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where he competed for the men's marathon, along with his compatriots Samson Ramadhani and Faustine Mussa. However, he withdrew from the games on the day before the marathon event, because of illness.

Kondoa District
Kondoa District is one of the seven districts of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. It is bordered to the north by Manyara Region, and to the south by Chemba District. Its district capital is the town of Kondoa.

According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of Kondoa District was 269,704. As of 2002, the population of the Kondoa District was 429,824. The population of the district declined from 2002 to 2012, because Chemba District was split off. In 2022 the population was 244,854.

The Kondoa Irangi Rock Paintings, which were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006, are found in this district.
Curl (Japanese snack)
Curl (カール, Kāru) is a brand of Kombu Dashi taste corn puffs/cheesy flavour corn puffs snack in Japan sold by Meiji. It also sports its own mascot, Karl, in which the snack may be romanized Karl instead. Although Curl comes in several flavors, the two dominant ones are Kombu Dashi lightly salted and cheese.

It has been on sale in Japan continuously since 1968, although it is no longer distributed around eastern Japan since 2017.

Dashi
Dashi (出汁, だし) is a family of stocks used in Japanese cuisine. Dashi forms the base for miso soup, clear broth soup, noodle broth soup, and many simmering liquids to accentuate the savory flavor known as umami. Dashi is also mixed into the flour base of some grilled foods like okonomiyaki and takoyaki.
Eugeniusz Bodo
Eugeniusz Bodo (born Bohdan Eugène Junod; 28 December 1899 –  7 October 1943) was a film director, producer, singer, pianist and one of the most popular Polish actors and comedians of the interwar period. He starred in some of the most popular Polish film productions of the 1930s, including His Excellency, The Shop Assistant (Polish: Jego ekscelencja subiekt), Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna?, and Pieśniarz Warszawy.

A skilled singer, he became an icon of Polish musical comedy and a "symbol of Polish commercial cinema". In the late 1930s he also became a successful entrepreneur – co-owner of a successful film studio, café, and producers' company. Arrested by the Soviet NKVD in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, he perished in the Soviet Gulag.

Movie star
A movie star (also known as a film star or cinema star) is an actor who is famous for their starring, or leading, roles in movies. The term is used for performers who are marketable stars as they become popular household names and whose names are used to promote movies, for example in trailers and posters. The most prominent movie stars are known in the industry as bankable stars.
KK Napredak Kruševac
Košarkaški klub Napredak Junior (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Напредак Јуниор) is a men's professional basketball club based in Kruševac, Serbia. The club currently participates in the 2nd-tier Čolić Basketball League of Serbia.

Kruševac
Kruševac (Serbian Cyrillic: Крушевац, pronounced [krûʃeʋats] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area has a population of 113,582 while the urban area has 68,119 inhabitants.

The city was founded in 1371, by Prince Lazar of Serbia (1371–1389), who used it as his seat.
Papillary tumors of the pineal region
Papillary tumors of the pineal region were first described by A. Jouvet et al. in 2003  and were introduced in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system in 2007. Papillary Tumors of the Pineal Region are located on the pineal gland which is located in the center of the brain. The pineal gland is located on roof of the diencephalon. It is a cone-shaped structure dorsal to the midbrain tectum. The tumor appears to be derived from the specialized ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ. Papillary tumors of the central nervous system and particularly of the pineal region are very rare and so diagnosing them is extremely difficult.

Diencephalon
In the human brain, the diencephalon (or interbrain) is a division of the forebrain (embryonic prosencephalon). It is situated between the telencephalon and the midbrain (embryonic mesencephalon). The diencephalon has also been known as the tweenbrain in older literature. It consists of structures that are on either side of the third ventricle, including the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus and the subthalamus.

The diencephalon is one of the main vesicles of the brain formed during embryonic development. During the third week of development a neural tube is created from the ectoderm, one of the three primary germ layers, and forms three main vesicles: the prosencephalon, the mesencephalon and the rhombencephalon. The prosencephalon gradually divides into the telencephalon (the cerebrum) and the diencephalon.
Ridleyandra
Ridleyandra is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae.

Its native range is Thailand to western Malesia. It is found in Borneo, Malaya and Thailand.

The genus name of Ridleyandra is in honour of Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956), an English botanist, geologist and naturalist who lived much of his life in Singapore. He was instrumental in promoting rubber trees in the Malay Peninsula. 
It was first described and published in Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen Vol.70 on page 171 (written in 1997–1998) publ. 1998.

Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.
Luella Creighton
Luella Sanders Creighton, née Bruce (August 25, 1901 – March 6, 1996) was a Canadian novelist and non-fiction writer. She is best known to contemporary audiences for her 1951 novel High Bright Buggy Wheels, which was reprinted by McClelland & Stewart's New Canadian Library series in 1978.

McClelland & Stewart
McClelland & Stewart Limited is a Canadian publishing company. It is owned by Penguin Random House of Canada, a branch of Penguin Random House, the international book publishing division of German media giant Bertelsmann.
Robin Stern
Robin Stern is an American psychoanalyst at Yale University, associate director for the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, an associate research scientist at the Yale Child Study Center, and is on the faculty of Teachers College, Columbia University.

Her publications include the books The Gaslight Effect (2007) and Project Rebirth (2011). Her research includes looking at gratitude and its effects on healing, and a large study examining the effects of negative and positive emotions in students in the US.

Yale Child Study Center
The Yale Child Study Center is a department at the Yale University School of Medicine. The center conducts research and provides clinical services and medical training related to children and families. Topics of investigation include autism and related disorders, Tourette syndrome, other pediatric mental health concerns, parenting, and neurobiology.
Miloš Okuka
Miloš Okuka (born August 2, 1944, in Porije, near Ulog) is a Serbian linguist, Slavist, dialectologist and literature historian.

After teaching as a professor at the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo, from 1992 till 2009 he served as a lecturer at the University of Munich.

In 2017, Miloš Okuka has signed the Declaration on the Common Language of the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins.

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
Mamadou Konate (footballer)
Mamadou Konate (born 10 March 1985) is an Ivorian footballer who currently plays for Ekenäs IF in the Finnish second tier Ykkönen. He has previously played for Tricase in the Italian Serie C and for AC Oulu in the Finnish top division Veikkausliiga.

Serie C
The Serie C (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈtʃi]), officially known as Serie C Sky Wifi for sponsorship purposes, is the third-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie B and Serie A. The Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico (Lega Pro) is the governing body that operates the Serie C.

The unification of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Lega Pro Divisione Unica (often also abbreviated as Lega Pro) in 2014 reintroduced the format of the original Serie C that existed between 1935 and 1978 (before the split into Serie C1 and Serie C2). In May 2017, the Lega Pro assembly unanimously approved renaming the competition to its original name, Serie C.
The Display Team
The Display Team are a six-piece independent progressive punk band from South-East London, England. The group has received airplay in the UK on BBC Radio 6 Music and Phoenix FM, along with many shows podcast by DJs on Kooba Radio which is heard worldwide on the Internet.

Mad Caddies
The Mad Caddies (or the Caddies) is an American ska punk band from Solvang, California. The band formed in 1995 and has released seven full-length albums, one live album, and two EPs.

The Mad Caddies sound has influences from broad ranging genres including ska (especially ska 3rd wave), punk rock, hardcore punk, reggae, dixieland jazz, Latin music, polka, cowpunk ("Crew Cut Chuck"), and sea shanties ("Weird Beard").
Bad Neighbor (album)
Bad Neighbor is a collaborative studio album by rappers MED and Blu and producer Madlib. It was released on Bang Ya Head on October 30, 2015. It features guest appearances from the likes of MF Doom, Aloe Blacc, Mayer Hawthorne, Jimetta Rose, Dâm-Funk, and Oh No. The album was re-issued in 2021.

Oh No (musician)
Michael Woodrow Jackson, known professionally as Oh No, is an American rapper and record producer who has released several albums on Stones Throw Records. He is half of the hip-hop duo Gangrene along with The Alchemist. He is also half of the hip-hop duo The Professionals with his brother Madlib.
Hobbins
Hobbins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barry Hobbins (born 1951), American politician

Daniel Hobbins, American historian

Graham Hobbins (born 1946), English cricketer

Imelda Hobbins, Irish camogie player

Jim Hobbins (born 1964), American football player

Syd Hobbins (1916–1984), English footballer

William T. Hobbins (born 1946), United States Air Force general

Daniel Hobbins
Daniel Hobbins is a professor of history at the University of Notre Dame and an American historian specializing in medieval France.  He is the recipient of the Nina Maria Gorrissen Prize and Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin for Fall 2011.
Magoua
Magoua (French pronunciation: [maɡwa]) is a particular dialect of basilectal Quebec French spoken in the Trois-Rivières area, between Trois-Rivières and Maskinongé.  Long before a military fort was constructed there, Trois-Rivières became in 1615 the first stronghold of the coureurs des bois outside the city of Québec.  Magoua is the ethnonym applied to their descendants in the area. Magoua is the most conservative of all Quebec French varieties, including Joual. It preserves the sontaient ("étaient") characteristic of Métis French and Louisiana French, has a creole-like past tense particle tà and has old present-tense contraction of a former verb "to be" that behave in the same manner as subject clitics.

Its name may derive from a word in Atikamekw: Makwa (French: huard), which means loon (Gavia immer).

Coureur des bois
A coureur des bois (French: [kuʁœʁ de bwɑ]; lit. 'runner of the woods') or coureur de bois (French: [kuʁœʁ də bwɑ]; pl. coureurs de(s) bois) were independent entrepreneurial French Canadian traders who travelled in New France and the interior of North America, usually to trade with First Nations peoples by exchanging various European items for furs. Sometimes they operated in competition with the larger and licensed voyageurs. Some coureurs des bois learned the trades and practices of the indigenous peoples, and even went into business with them.

These expeditions were part of the beginning of the fur trade in the North American interior. Initially they traded for beaver coats and furs.  However, as the market grew, coureurs de bois were trapping and trading prime beavers whose skins were to be felted in Europe.
City of Melton
The City of Melton is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, on Melbourne's western rural–urban fringe.

It covers 528 square kilometres (203.9 sq mi), and as of the 2021 census, Melton had a population of 178,960.

It is governed by the Melton City Council.  The seat of local government and administrative offices are located at Council headquarters in Melton, the settlement after which the city takes its name which lies at the western end of the LGA and is currently its largest urban area with a population of over 54,000.

City of Melton has a rapid population growth rate, ranked 3rd fastest among LGAs in Victoria in 2010.  It was granted city status in 2012.

Seat of government
A seat of government is a "building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority". When referring to a city, the seat of government is generally the capital of the state or administrative entity in question, although there are exceptions. Particular terms for the seat of certain territorial subdivisions are administrative centre, county seat (common in the United States), county town (United Kingdom and Ireland), or barrio-pueblo (Puerto Rico), among others; buildings that may function as seats of government include official residences, supreme court buildings, city or town halls, administrative or executive buildings, shire or county halls, legislative buildings, and barangay halls.
President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services
The President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, or the Fahy Committee was formed by President Harry S Truman as part of Executive Order 9981. This committee consisted of Charles Fahy as chairman and six other members, two of whom were African-American. The committee's main purpose was to oversee successful racial integration of the US Armed Forces.

President Truman abolished the commission on July 6, 1950, on what he termed successful completion of integration in the armed forces.

Racial integration
Racial integration, or simply integration, includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation), leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of race, and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the majority culture. Desegregation is largely a legal matter, integration largely a social one.
Purple-rumped sunbird
The purple-rumped sunbird (Leptocoma zeylonica) is a sunbird endemic to the Indian Subcontinent. Like other sunbirds, they are small in size, feeding mainly on nectar but sometimes take insects, particularly when feeding young. They can hover for short durations but usually perch to lap nectar from flowers. They build a hanging pouch nest made up of cobwebs, lichens and plant material. Males are contrastingly coloured but females are olive above and yellow to buff below. Males are easily distinguished from the purple sunbird by the light coloured underside while females can be told apart from males by their whitish throats.

Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. 
Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey.

Nectar is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of predacious or parasitoid wasps (e.g., the social wasp species Apoica flavissima) rely on nectar as a primary food source. In turn, these wasps then hunt agricultural pest insects as food for their young.

Nectar is most often associated with flowering plants (angiosperms), but it is also produced by other groups, including ferns.