hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plastic degradation by marine bacteria
Plastic degradation in marine bacteria describes when certain pelagic bacteria break down polymers and use them as a primary source of carbon for energy. Polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are incredibly useful for their durability and relatively low cost of production, however it is their persistence and difficulty to be properly disposed of that is leading to pollution of the environment and disruption of natural processes. It is estimated that each year there are 9-14 million metric tons of plastic that are entering the ocean due to inefficient solutions for their disposal. The biochemical pathways that allow for certain microbes to break down these polymers into less harmful byproducts has been a topic of study to develop a suitable anti-pollutant.

Polypropylene
Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene.

Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially crystalline and non-polar. Its properties are similar to polyethylene, but it is slightly harder and more heat-resistant. It is a white, mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance.

Polypropylene is the second-most widely produced commodity plastic (after polyethylene).
Jack Bighead
John Bighead (April 23, 1930 – April 28, 1993) was an American professional football player. A Yuchi Indian, he starred in football at L.A. Poly High in the 1940s and played in the National Football League (NFL). He was a 1948 graduate of Pepperdine University, whereat he earned Little All America honors in football and track. After serving in the United States Navy, he played two years in the NFL. He was drafted in the 15th round of the 1952 NFL draft by the Dallas Texans. Bighead then played professionally for the Baltimore Colts in 1954 and the Los Angeles Rams in 1955. He was the starter for the Rams before a career-ending leg injury. He played one season in the CFL with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 1956.

Bighead joined the teaching and coaching staff of the Anaheim Union High School District in 1957, and worked at Western, Magnolia, and Katella high schools before retiring in 1987.

Baltimore Colts
The Baltimore Colts were a professional American football team based in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983, when its owner Robert Irsay moved the franchise to Indianapolis. The team was named for Baltimore's history of horse breeding and racing. It was the second incarnation of the Baltimore Colts, the first having played for three years in the All-America Football Conference and one in the National Football League (NFL). The Baltimore Colts played their home games at Memorial Stadium.
Botrychium crenulatum
Botrychium crenulatum is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae known by the common names scalloped moonwort and dainty moonwort. It is native to North America from British Columbia to California to Wyoming, where it is uncommon throughout most of its range, appearing incidentally at scattered spots on wet meadows in coniferous forests and marshy areas such as swamps. This is very small plant growing from an underground caudex and sending one thin, shiny, yellow-green leaf above the surface of the ground. The leaf is up to about 6 centimeters tall and is divided into a sterile and a fertile part. The sterile part of the leaf has veined, fan-shaped leaflets with wrinkly edges. The fertile part of the leaf is very different in shape, with tiny grapelike clusters of sporangia by which it reproduces.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
Crossword Bookstores
Crossword Bookstores Ltd. is an Indian chain of bookstores headquartered in Pune. As of today, Crossword has stores in More than 40 cities,Amritsar, Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Gandhinagar, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Kochi, Kohima, Kolkata, Kanpur, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Mangalore, Mumbai, Thane, Navi Mumbai, Noida, Kalyan, Nagpur, Nashik, Raipur, Ranchi, Siliguri, Surat, Thiruvananthapuram, Udaipur, and Vadodara. The chain also founded and sponsors the Crossword Book Award.

The first bookstore opened on October 15, 1992, in Kemps Corner, Mumbai. In 2005, Crossword became a wholly owned subsidiary of Shopper's Stop Ltd.

Crossword has received wide recognition for its achievement. The Advertising Age magazine named Crossword one of the Marketing Superstars for 1994. The Bookseller has described it as "being on the cutting edge of retailing" in India.

Kalyan
Kalyan (Pronunciation: [kəljaːɳ]) is a city on the banks of Ulhas River in Thane district of Maharashtra state in Konkan division. It is governed by Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation. Kalyan is a subdivision (Taluka) of Thane district. Kalyan and its neighbouring township of Dombivli jointly form Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation, abbreviated as KDMC. It is a founding city of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
Canton of Montrouge
The canton of Montrouge is a French administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Antony, in the Hauts-de-Seine département (Île-de-France région). Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Montrouge.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Beautiful People (Pet Shop Boys song)
"Beautiful People" is a song by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys, released on 2 October 2009 as the third and final single from their tenth studio album, Yes (2009). Initially, the single was released in Germany only, at the request of EMI. On 10 November, it was released digitally in the United States. The single peaked at number 65 in Germany, and it reached number 3 on Billboard magazine's Dance Singles Sales chart in the US.

Dance Singles Sales
The Dance Singles Sales was a record chart released weekly by Billboard magazine listing each week's best-selling dance singles in the United States. Its previous names include Hot Dance/Disco 12-inch Singles Sales (1985–1987), Hot Dance Music 12-inch Singles Sales (1987–1992), and Hot Dance Music Maxi-Singles Sales (1992–2003). The chart was compiled from a national sample of retail stores, mass merchants, and internet sales reports collected and provided by Nielsen SoundScan. It was launched on the issue dated March 16, 1985, with the first number-one single being "New Attitude"/"Axel F", a split single by Patti LaBelle and Harold Faltermeyer from Beverly Hills Cop soundtrack. The chart became defunct after the issue dated November 30, 2013, with Borgore's "Wild Out" (featuring Waka Flocka Flame and Paige) as its final number-one single.
Per Erik Rundquist
Per Erik Rundquist (1912–1986) was a Swedish novelist and poet. He made his literary debut in 1938, with the novel Sven-Patrik. Among his later novels are Kalla mig Ismael! from 1950, and Generalen from 1953. He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1974.

Dobloug Prize
The Dobloug Prize (Swedish: Doblougska priset, Norwegian: Doblougprisen) is a literature prize awarded for Swedish and Norwegian fiction. The prize is named after Norwegian businessman and philanthropist Birger Dobloug (1881–1944) pursuant to his bequest. The prize sum is 4 * 150,000 Swedish crowns (2011). The Dobloug Prize is awarded annually  by the Swedish Academy.
Oostakker
Oostakker (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈoːstˌɑkər] ⓘ; formerly spelled Oostacker) is a sub-municipality of the city of Ghent located in the province of East Flanders, Flemish Region, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. In 1872, Sint-Amandsberg was detached from Oostakker. In 1900, 1920 and 1927, parts of the original municipality were already annexed to Ghent. On 1 January 1977, the municipality of Oostakker was merged into Ghent.

The hamlet is mainly known for the Shrine of Oostakker, a Roman Catholic shrine of the Virgin Mary.
Residents of Oostakker are called Oostakkezen.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Ian Osborne (politician)
Ian Frederick Osborne (born 6 May 1951) is a former Australian politician.

He was born in Subiaco and was South West Director of Tourism before entering politics. In 1993 he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Bunbury. From 1997 to 1999 he was Government Whip, and was the Deputy Chairman of Committees from 1996 to 2001, and he was Acting Speaker from 1999 to 2001, and he was Parliamentary Secretary to the Cabinet from 1999 to 2001, when he was defeated.

Subiaco, Western Australia
Subiaco (/ˌsuːbiˈækoʊ/ SOO-bee-AK-oh), known colloquially as Subi, is an inner-western suburb of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It is approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Perth's central business district, in the City of Subiaco local government area. Historically a working-class suburb containing a mixture of industrial and commercial land uses, since the 1990s the area has been one of Australia's most celebrated urban redevelopment projects. It remains a predominantly low-rise, urban village neighbourhood centred around Subiaco train station and Rokeby Road.

The suburb has three schools: Subiaco Primary School, Perth Modern School, which is the state's only fully academically selective public school, and Bob Hawke College. Landmarks in Subiaco include Subiaco Oval, which formerly was the largest stadium in Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, and Subiaco railway station.
Louis Dubin
Louis Myerberg Dubin (born January 31, 1963) is a fourth-generation real estate developer who develops upscale condominiums, typically in large east-coast United States cities. He is a founding partner of Redbrick LMD, an opportunistic real estate investment and developments company headquartered in Washington, D.C. His former New York based firm Athena often sold condominiums to middle and upper-middle class buyers. His firm converted landmark buildings into luxury condominiums, one of which was bought by Charles Bronfman. He designed buildings to feature art by artist-sculptors such as Jonathan Cramer. He was described by New York Magazine as being one of the "new generation of uptown A-listers".

St. Joe Company
The St. Joe Company is a land development company headquartered in Panama City Beach, Florida. Founded in 1936 and until 1966 known as St. Joe Paper Company, the company still operates a forestry division but is primarily engaged in real estate development and asset management. The company's land holdings are concentrated in Northwest Florida with the vast majority located in Bay and Walton counties. Of the 110,500 acres The St. Joe Company owns that fall within the Bay-Walton Sector Plan, 53,000 acres were placed into conservation by the company. The company develops its land for a variety of uses including residential neighborhoods, hotels, apartment communities, leasable commercial space, office buildings and medical facilities among others.
4 × 400 metres relay at the World Athletics Championships
The 4 × 400 metres relay at the World Championships in Athletics has been contested by both men and women since the inaugural edition in 1983.  The competition features three formats in relation to gender: men, women, and mixed.  The 2019 edition added in the mixed competition. The format utilizes one set of heats qualifying the top 8 into a final.

The United States holds all the championship records in this event.  For both the men and women, the record has been held since 1993 with a time of 2:54.29 for the men and 3:16.71 for the women. In the mixed competition, a time of 3:09.34 was set in 2019.  For the men and the mixed records, they are also both world records.

Anastasiya Kapachinskaya
Anastasiya Alexandrovna Kapachinskaya (Russian: Анастасия Александровна Капачинская; born November 20, 1979) is a Russian former sprint athlete. She was the 2003 World champion in the 200 m. She was disqualified from competitions in 2004 and 2008 due to doping offences. As a result, the bulk of her athletics performances after 2004 have been annulled.
Christos Angourakis
Christos Angourakis (Greek: Χρήστος Αγγουράκης; 24 August 1952 – 22 February 2022) was a Greek Paralympic athlete who competed mainly in category F53 throwing events.

Born in Greece, Angourakis competed in the javelin throw and shot put at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, then in the discus throw and javelin throw at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. At the 2004 Summer Paralympics, he competed in the javelin throw and won  the bronze medal in the shot put.

He was named the Best Greek athlete with a disability for 2005.

He died on 22 February 2022, at the age of 69.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
Chillum
A chillum, or chilam, is a straight conical smoking pipe traditionally made of either clay or a soft stone (such as steatite or catlinite). It was used popularly in India in the eighteenth century and still often used to smoke marijuana. A small stone is often used as a stopper in the stem. The style of pipe spread to Africa, and has been known in the Americas since the 1960s. A chillum pipe is used in Rastafari rituals.

Soapstone
Soapstone (also known as steatite or soaprock) is a talc-schist, which is a type of metamorphic rock.  It is composed largely of the magnesium-rich mineral talc.  It is produced by dynamothermal metamorphism and metasomatism, which occur in subduction zones, changing rocks by heat and pressure, with influx of fluids but without melting. It has been a carving medium for thousands of years.
Skagen Bunker Museum
Skagen Bunker Museum is a private museum near the tip of Grenen in the far north of Jutland, Denmark. It is located in an old German bunker of the Regelbau 638 type which was used during the Second World War as an infirmary for treating wounded soldiers. It is now fitted out as a small museum with uniforms, weapons and other artifacts.

Regelbau 638
Regelbau 638   was a German army standardized bunker.

Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.  Regelbau 638 was a small field hospital (Kleiner Sanitätsunterstand).

A fully restored Regelbau 638 bunker can be seen at the museum, Fjell festning at Fjell Fortress outside Bergen, Norway and in Agde, France. In 2009–2010, this bunker was restored inside and supplied with authentic German hospital and sanitary equipment from World War II by the local voluntary society Fjell Festnings Militærhistoriske Samlinger.
George W. Taylor (Wisconsin politician)
George William Taylor (March 31, 1855 – January 27, 1931) was an American businessman and Republican politician.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Marinette County in the 1895 and 1897 sessions.

Marinette County, Wisconsin
Marinette County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 41,872. Its county seat is Marinette. Marinette County is part of the Marinette, WI–MI Micropolitan Statistical Area.
British Rock Symphony
The British Rock Symphony was a tour that featured classic rock hits presented by a gospel choir, a full orchestra and vocalists including: Roger Daltrey, Darlene Love, Nikki Lamborn, Alice Cooper, Paul Young, Simon Townshend and Gary Brooker. Geoff Whitehorn played guitar and Zak Starkey performed on drums with Jaz Lochrie on Bass guitar.
Studio recordings were issued on CD and cassette tape in 1999, and a video of live recordings from the tour in both VHS and DVD formats was issued in 2000. Eric Clapton and Ann Wilson appeared on the CD, but were not present on the tour DVD.

The tour was organized by producer David Fishof and launched at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 28 June 1999. After appearing at several venues in the UK, the tour continued in Europe and the United States. The tour program included music of The Who, The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, Led Zeppelin and Procol Harum.

Procol Harum
Procol Harum (/ˈproʊkəl ˈhɑːrəm/) were an English rock band formed in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, in 1967. Their best-known recording is the 1967 hit single "A Whiter Shade of Pale", one of the few singles to have sold more than 10 million copies. Although noted for their baroque and classical influence, Procol Harum's music is described as psychedelic rock and proto-prog with hints of the blues, R&B, and soul.

In 2018, the band was honoured by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame when "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was inducted into the new Singles category. They had previously been nominated as performers in 2012.
François-Marie Delessert
François-Marie Delessert (2 April 1780 - 15 October 1868) was a French banker and politician.

Born in Lyon, he was the second son of the banker Étienne Delessert. He studied in Geneva and in 1796 joined the Caisse d'Épargne, a banking house founded by his father. Soon, he and his elder brother Benjamin were directing the house.

He died in Passy.

Passy
Passy (French pronunciation: [pasi] ⓘ) is an area of Paris, France, located in the 16th arrondissement, on the Right Bank. It is adjacent to Auteuil to the southwest, and Chaillot to the northeast.

It is home to many of the city's wealthiest residents, hence its informal grouping in the Neuilly-Auteuil-Passy area. Many embassies are based in Passy.
Pine Creek Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania
Pine Creek Township is a township in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,394 at the 2020 census. The township is named for Pine Creek, which flows into the West Branch Susquehanna River at the border of the township with Lycoming County, between the boroughs of Avis and Jersey Shore

Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lycoming County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 114,188. Its county seat is Williamsport. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.

Lycoming County comprises the Williamsport metropolitan statistical area.

About 130 miles (210 km) northwest of Philadelphia and 165 miles (270 km) east-northeast of Pittsburgh, Lycoming is Pennsylvania's largest county by land area.
1953 Small Club World Cup (2nd tournament)
The 1953 Small Club World Cup (2nd tournament) was the third edition of the Small Club World Cup, a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, in certain years between 1963 and 1970, and in 1975. It was played by four participants, half from Europe and half from South America in double round robin format and featured stars like László Kubala, goalkeeper Antoni Ramallets, Estanislau Basora for Barcelona, goalkeeper Gilmar, Baltazar for Corinthians, Egisto Pandolfini and Carlo Galli for Roma. This was the 2nd tournament played in the same year; none was held in the next calendar year.

Corinthians entered to the competition (as champion of 1952 Campeonato Paulista), after Vasco da Gama (1952 Campeonato Carioca champion) declined the invitation. FC Barcelona striker László Kubala was the topscorer of the competition, along with Brazilian midfielder Luizinho, with 5 goals each.

Antoni Ramallets
Antoni Ramallets Simón (1 July 1924 – 30 July 2013) was a Spanish football goalkeeper and manager.

He spent most of his career at FC Barcelona, during the 1950s and early 1960s, winning the Ricardo Zamora Trophy as the best goalkeeper in La Liga on five occasions, and 18 major club honours.

He represented Spain in the 1950 FIFA World Cup and, in the 1960s, managed several clubs in his country, notably winning two major trophies with Real Zaragoza.
Twisted cubic
In mathematics, a twisted cubic is a smooth, rational curve C of degree three in projective 3-space P3. It is a fundamental example of a skew curve. It is essentially unique, up to projective transformation (the twisted cubic, therefore). In algebraic geometry, the twisted cubic is a simple example of a projective variety that is not linear or a hypersurface, in fact not a complete intersection. It is the three-dimensional case of the rational normal curve, and is the image of a Veronese map of degree three on the projective line.

Secant line
In geometry, a secant is a line that intersects a curve at a minimum of two distinct points.
The word secant comes from the Latin word secare, meaning "to cut". In the case of a circle, a secant intersects the circle at exactly two points. A chord is the line segment determined by the two points, that is, the interval on the secant whose ends are the two points.
Hup taem
Hup taem or hoop taem (Thai: ฮูปแต้ม, lit. 'picture painting') is an Isan folk art style of murals found on the ordination halls, or sim, at Buddhist temples. Some hup taem are influenced by traditional Thai and Lan Xang artistic conventions, but the Isan folk art style created by local artists called chang taem (ช่างแต้ม) features simple techniques with few elements. These hup taem murals are found mostly in Khon Kaen, Roi Et, and Maha Sarakham provinces in Northern Thailand.

Wat
A wat (Khmer: វត្ត, vôtt [ʋɔət]; Lao: ວັດ, vat [wāt]; Thai: วัด, RTGS: wat [wát]; Tai Lü: 「ᩅᨯ᩠ᨰ」(waD+Dha); Northern Thai: 「ᩅ᩠ᨯ᩶」 (w+Da2), [wa̋t]) is a type of Buddhist and Hindu temple in Cambodia, Laos, East Shan State (Myanmar), Yunnan (China), the Southern Province of Sri Lanka, and Thailand.