hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Fort House (Fort Edward, New York)
Old Fort House is a historic house at 29 Lower Broadway in Fort Edward, Washington County, New York. The house is owned by the Fort Edward Historical Association and operated as a local history museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Washington County, New York
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,302. The county seat is Fort Edward. The county was named for U.S. President George Washington. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
T-70
The T-70 is a light tank used by the Red Army during World War II, replacing both the T-60 scout tank for reconnaissance and the T-50 light infantry tank for infantry support.  The T-80 light tank was a more advanced version of the T-70 with a two-man turret—it was produced only in very small numbers when light tank production was abandoned.  The T-90 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun was a prototype vehicle with twin machine guns, based on the T-70 chassis.

The T-70 was armed with a 45-mm L/46 gun Model 38 with forty-five rounds carried, and a coaxial 7.62-mm DT machine gun. The tank was operated by a driver and a commander who loaded and fired the gun.  Armour thickness on the turret front was 50 mm, turret sides and rear: 35 mm, upper glacis : 35 mm,hull sides : 15 mm, roof and bottom: 10 mm.

Degtyaryov machine gun
The Degtyaryov machine gun (Russian: Пулемёт Дегтярёва Пехотный (ПДП), romanized: Pulemyot Degtyaryova Pekhotny (PDP), lit. 'Degtyarev Infantry Machinegun' or DP-27/DP-28 is a light machine gun firing the 7.62×54mmR cartridge that was primarily used by the Soviet Union, with service trials starting in 1927, followed by general deployment in 1928.

Besides being the standard Soviet infantry light machine gun (LMG) during World War II, with various modifications it was used in aircraft as a flexible defensive weapon, and it was equipped on almost all Soviet tanks in WWII as either a flexible bow machine gun or a co-axial machine gun controlled by the gunner. It was improved in 1943 producing the DPM, but it was replaced in 1946 with the RP-46 which improved on the basic DP design by converting it to use belt feed. The DP machine gun was supplemented in the 1950s by the more modern RPD machine gun and entirely replaced in Soviet service by the general purpose PK machine gun in the 1960s.
Eric Stach
Eric Andrew Stach is an American materials scientist who is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and an elected fellow of both the American Physical Society (for "development and application of in-situ and operando methods in materials research using transmission electron microscopy") and the Microscopy Society of America. He was also awarded the Eli F. Burton Award in 2009. He was named a "Highly Cited Researcher" in the newly established Cross-Field category in 2018.

Operando spectroscopy
Operando spectroscopy is an analytical methodology wherein the spectroscopic characterization of materials undergoing reaction is coupled simultaneously with measurement of catalytic activity and selectivity. The primary concern of this methodology is to establish structure–reactivity/selectivity relationships of catalysts and thereby yield information about mechanisms. Other uses include those in engineering improvements to existing catalytic materials and processes and in developing new ones.
Rakhadrak Hermitage
Rakhadrak Hermitage (Ra kha brag ri khrod) is a historical hermitage belonging to the Sera Monastery. It is northeast of Sera and north of Lhasa in Tibet Autonomous Region. It is just up the mountain from the Keutsang Hermitage.

Hermitage (religious retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people live religiously, in seclusion.  Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place.  Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages".

In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy.  The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain, that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid.
Augsburg–Welden railway
The Augsburg–Welden railway (also referred to in German as the Weldenbahn or "Welden railway") was a branch line in southern Germany that ran from the city of Augsburg to Welden. In its narrowest sense it was a single-tracked branch line, that initially branched off in Augsburg-Oberhausen and, from 1933, from the Augsburg–Ulm main line station at Augsburg-Hirblinger Strasse.

Augsburg-Oberhausen station
Augsburg-Oberhausen station is a keilbahnhof in the northwest of the central Augsburg in the suburb of Oberhausen in the German state of Bavaria. It is the second most important station in the city. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. The current station building was built south of the old Oberhauser station in 1931/32, in the New Objectivity style. There is a large tram and bus stop in front of the station building, the exterior of which has recently been renovated.
Bud Moore (NASCAR owner)
Walter Maynard "Bud" Moore Jr. (May 25, 1925 – November 27, 2017) was a NASCAR car owner who operated the Bud Moore Engineering team. A decorated veteran of World War II, he described himself as "an old country mechanic who loved to make 'em run fast".

Moore served in World War II as a member of the United States Army. A machine gunner, he participated in the Normandy landings as part of the 4th Infantry Division, landing on Utah Beach. After Normandy, he went on to fight in the Battle of the Bulge and ended his military service as a sergeant.

When he returned from the war, he began a career in stock car racing as a crew chief. In the 1960s, he opened Bud Moore Engineering, a team that went on to win two NASCAR Grand National Series championships and 63 races for 37 years until its shutdown in 1999. He was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame in 2011.

Pit stop
In motorsports, a pit stop is a pause for refuelling, new tyres, repairs, mechanical adjustments, a driver change, as a penalty, or any combination of the above. These stops occur in an area called the pits, most commonly accessed via a pit lane which runs parallel to the start/finish straightaway of the track and is connected to it at each end. Along this lane is a row of garages (typically one per team or car) outside which the work is done in a pit box. Pit stop work is carried out by the pit crew of up to twenty mechanics, depending on the series regulations, while the driver often waits in the vehicle (except where a driver change is involved or in motorbike racing).

The term is also used generically to describe a short break in a journey.
Leah Meyerhoff
Leah Meyerhoff (born December 4, 1979) is an American Student Academy Award-nominated director, producer and screenwriter. She has received attention as the writer and director of the feature film I Believe in Unicorns starring Natalia Dyer and Peter Vack. Her films have screened in over 200 film festivals worldwide and won over a dozen international awards.

Natalia Dyer
Natalia Danielle Dyer (born January 13, 1995) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Nancy Wheeler in the Netflix science fiction horror series Stranger Things (2016–2025). She has also appeared in the Peacock comedy thriller series Based on a True Story (2023) and the films Yes, God, Yes (2019), Velvet Buzzsaw (2019), and Things Heard & Seen (2021).
Francesco Bianchini
Francesco Bianchini FRS (13 December 1662 – 2 March 1729) was an Italian philosopher and scientist. He worked for the curia of three popes, including being camiere d'honore of Clement XI, and secretary of the commission for the reform of the calendar, working on the method to calculate the astronomically correct date for Easter in a given year.

Pope Clement XI
Pope Clement XI (Latin: Clemens XI; Italian: Clemente XI; Albanian: Klementi XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721.

Clement XI was a patron of the arts and of science. He was also a great benefactor of the Vatican Library; his interest in archaeology is credited with saving much of Rome's antiquity. He authorized expeditions which succeeded in rediscovering various ancient Christian writings and authorized excavations of the Roman catacombs.
Marina Kalaitzieva
Marina Kalaitzieva (Greek: Μαρίνα Καλαϊτζίεβα; born January 24, 1979, in Bulgaria) is a Greek-Bulgarian female professional volleyball player who has been a member of the Greece women's national volleyball team.

At club level, she played most notably for Greek powerhouse Olympiacos Piraeus (2007–2009), with whom she reached the quarter-finals of the 2007-2008 CEV Women's Challenge Cup.

Greece women's national volleyball team
The Greece women's national volleyball team represents Greece in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches. The team first competed on the highest level at the 1985 European Championship, finishing in 12th place.
Foreign relations of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
The foreign relations of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES), referred to as Rojava, consists of relationships with foreign countries and organizations. The DAANES, consisting of two internal regions (Euphrates and Jazira), was formed in early 2014 in the context of the Syrian Civil War, a conflict that has caused the involvement of many countries and international organizations in the area.

The Constitution of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, which defines the autonomous region as an integral part of Syria and not a separate country, states that "the Autonomous Regions shall not interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries, and it shall safeguard its relations with neighboring states, resolving any conflicts peacefully." It also mandates, among other executive council bodies, a Body of Foreign Relations.

Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)
The Geneva peace talks on Syria, also known as Geneva III, were intended peace negotiations between the Syrian government and opposition in Geneva under the auspices of the UN. Although formally started on 1 February 2016, they were formally suspended only two days later, on 3 February 2016.

The talks, prepared by the International Syria Support Group (ISSG), were intended to resolve the Syrian Civil War.
Can't Stop Raving
"Can't Stop Raving" is a song by German electronic group Dune, released in 1995, by labels Urban, Impulse and Max Music, as the third and last single from the group's debut album, Dune (1995). It was co-written by band member Oliver Froning and features female vocals performed by Tina Lagao and Janine Kelly-Fiddes. The song achieved moderate success in Europe, becoming a top-10 hit in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. Additionally, it was a top-20 hit in Switzerland. The accompanying music video was directed by Delano Sookha and was A-listed on German music television channel VIVA in December 1995. The album version of "Can't Stop Raving" was used as theme music on Joel Veitch's Tales of the Blode.

Dune (Dune album)
Dune is the debut album by German band Dune. It was released in 1995 under the label Motor Music. The album achieved a peak position of number 21 in Germany, number 59 in the Netherlands, and number 20 in Switzerland.
Tasmanian Hockey Centre
The Tasmanian Hockey Centre is a government-owned outdoor field hockey stadium located in New Town, Tasmania, a northern suburb of Hobart. It offers three international standard water-based hockey pitches which are used for both international and domestic competition, as well as training activities.

The stadium is home to the Tassie Tigers men's and women's hockey teams in Hockey Australia's premier domestic league, the Sultana Bran Hockey One League.

Hockey Australia
Hockey Australia is an organisation that formed from the merger of the Australian Hockey Association and Women's Hockey Australia in 2000. It is the national body responsible for the promotion, development and administration of field hockey in Australia. Hockey Australia is a full member of the International Hockey Federation and comprises the State and Territory associations.
Maweigou Church
Maweigou Church  (Chinese: 马尾沟教堂) was a Roman Catholic church located in Beijing, which is currently incorporated into the Beijing Administration Institute. It was formerly the home of the graves of Matteo Ricci and other foreign missionaries in Beijing; today it holds their tombstones within the campus.

Beijing Administration Institute
The Beijing Administration Institute (Chinese: 北京行政学院; pinyin: Běijīng Xíngzhèng Xuéyuàn), also known as the CCP Beijing Municipal Party Committee School (Chinese: 中共北京市委党校; pinyin: Zhōnggòng Běijīng Shìwěi Dǎngxiào), is a tertiary institution of learning in the Xicheng District of Beijing, China.

The institute was part of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the ruling Chinese Communist Party.

It is located at 6 Chegongzhuang Street (车公庄大街6号, Chēgōngzhuāng dàjiē 6 hào).
Vowel reduction in Russian
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.

There are five vowel phonemes in Standard Russian. Vowels tend to merge when they are unstressed. The vowels /a/ and /o/ have the same unstressed allophones for a number of dialects and reduce to an unclear schwa /ə/. Unstressed /e/ may become more central and merge with /i/. Under some circumstances, /a/, /e/, /i/ and /o/ may all merge. The fifth vowel, /u/, may also be centralized but does not typically merge with any of the other vowels.

Other types of reduction are phonetic, such as that of the high vowels (/i/ and /u/), which become near-close. Thus, игра́ть ('to play') is pronounced [ɪˈɡratʲ]ⓘ , and узна́ть ('to recognize') is pronounced [ʊzˈnatʲ]ⓘ.

Close vowel
A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in U.S. terminology), is any in a class of vowel sounds used in many spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately as close as possible to the roof of the mouth as it can be without creating a constriction. A constriction would produce a sound that would be classified as a consonant.

The term "close" /ˈkloʊs/ is recommended by the International Phonetic Association. Close vowels are often referred to as "high" vowels, as in the Americanist phonetic tradition, because the tongue is positioned high in the mouth during articulation.

In the context of the phonology of any particular language, a high vowel can be any vowel that is more close than a mid vowel. That is, close-mid vowels, near-close vowels, and close vowels can all be considered high vowels.
Iris Hanika
Iris Hanika (born 1962) is a German writer. She was born in Würzburg, grew up in Bad Königshofen and has lived in Berlin since 1979, where she studied Universal and Comparative Literature at the FU Berlin. She was a regular contributor to German periodicals like Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (freelancer of the Berliner Seiten) and Merkur (2000–2008: column Chronicles). Hanika won the LiteraTour Nord prize and the EU Prize for Literature for her novel Das Eigentliche (The Bottom Line). In 2020, she was awarded the Hermann-Hesse-Literaturpreis for her novel Echos Kammern. In 2021, she won the Leipzig Book Fair Prize. Hanika wrote previously mainly short non-fictional texts, later novels, including two books on psychoanalysis.

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (German: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁtɐ ʔalɡəˈmaɪnə ˈtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAZ; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for Germany. Its Sunday edition is the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung ([- ˈzɔntaːksˌtsaɪtʊŋ]; FAS).

The paper runs its own network of correspondents. Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor, but cooperatively by four editors.
Bismuth polycations
Bismuth polycations are polyatomic ions of the formula Bin+x. They were originally observed in solutions of bismuth metal in molten bismuth chloride. It has since been found that these clusters are present in the solid state, particularly in salts where germanium tetrachloride or tetrachloroaluminate serve as the counteranions, but also in amorphous phases such as glasses and gels. Bismuth endows materials with a variety of interesting optical properties that can be tuned by changing the supporting material. Commonly-reported structures include the trigonal bipyramidal Bi3+5 cluster, the octahedral Bi2+6 cluster, the square antiprismatic Bi2+8 cluster, and the tricapped trigonal prismatic Bi5+9 cluster.

Germanium tetrachloride
Germanium tetrachloride is a colourless, fuming liquid with a peculiar, acidic odour. It is used as an intermediate in the production of purified germanium metal. In recent years, GeCl4 usage has increased substantially due to its use as a reagent for fiber optic production.
Sir Charles Ogle
Sir Charles Ogle was a ferry that operated from 1830 until 1894 for the Halifax-Dartmouth Ferry Service. The ferry was the first steamship built in Nova Scotia and the longest serving ferry in Halifax Harbour.  The ship is named for Royal Navy officer Sir Charles Ogle, 2nd Baronet, who served as Commander-in-Chief of North America and West Indies Station from 1827 to 1830.

North America and West Indies Station
The North America and West Indies Station was a formation of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy stationed in North American waters from the 1740s to 1956, with its main bases in Bermuda and Halifax, Nova Scotia. The North American Station absorbed the separate Newfoundland Station in 1825 (becoming the North America and Newfoundland Station), and the Jamaica Station in 1830, to form the North America and West Indies Station. It was briefly abolished in 1907 before being restored in 1915. It was renamed the America and West Indies Station in 1926, absorbing what had been the South East Coast of America Station and the Pacific Station.
Sinéad Ennis
Sinéad Ennis is an Irish Sinn Féin politician who has served as a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for South Down since 2017.

She is married and has two daughters. She has played Gaelic games at club level with Burren GAA. She was previously a member of Newry, Mourne and Down District Council from 2013 to 2017.

Newry, Mourne and Down District Council
Newry, Mourne and Down District Council (Irish: Comhairle Ceantair an Iúir, Mhúrn agus an Dúin) is a local authority in Northern Ireland that was established on 1 April 2015. It replaces Down District Council and Newry and Mourne District Council and covers most of the southeast of Northern Ireland. The first elections to the authority were on 22 May 2014. At the 2019 Northern Ireland local elections, Sinn Féin became the largest party with 16 seats. This success was continued at the 2023 Northern Ireland local elections, winning 20 seats.
Mala (Kryptonian)
Mala is a supervillain in the DC Comics universe who first appeared in Superman #65 (July 1950) in the story "The Three Supermen from Space!".

A female incarnation of Mala appears in Superman: The Animated Series, voiced by Leslie Easterbrook in the second season and Sarah Douglas in the third.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Murder of Tynesha Stewart
Tynesha Stewart (July 10, 1987 - March 15, 2007) was a 19-year-old student who was murdered on March 15, 2007, by her 27-year-old former boyfriend Timothy Wayne Shepherd when she came home for spring break as she had started a new relationship. Stewart was a first year student at Texas A&M University studying civil engineering. Tynesha was the niece of NFL players Aaron Glenn & Jason Glenn.

Jason Glenn
Jason Lydell Glenn (born August 20, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets, Miami Dolphins, and Minnesota Vikings from 2001 to 2006. He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies. He is the younger brother of retired NFL cornerback and New York Jets head coach Aaron Glenn.
Asian giant hornet
The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), also known as the northern giant hornet, and the Japanese giant hornet, is the world's largest hornet. It is native to temperate and tropical East Asia, South Asia, mainland Southeast Asia, and parts of the Russian Far East. It was also briefly found in the Pacific Northwest of North America from late 2019 but was eradicated by December 2024.

Asian giant hornets prefer to live in low mountains and forests, while almost completely avoiding plains and high-altitude climates. V. mandarinia creates nests by digging, co-opting pre-existing tunnels dug by rodents, or occupying spaces near rotten pine roots. It feeds primarily on larger insects, colonies of other eusocial insects, tree sap, and honey from honeybee colonies. The hornet has a body length of 45 mm (1+3⁄4 in), a wingspan around 75 mm (3 in), and a stinger 6 mm (1⁄4 in) long, which injects a large amount of potent venom.

ORCID
ORCID (/ˈɔːrkɪd/ ⓘ; Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a global not-for-profit organization that provides a nonproprietary persistent identifier, in the form of an alphanumeric code called an ORCID iD, to uniquely identify an author of or contributor to  scholarly communications.

This addresses the problem that a particular author's contributions to the scientific literature or humanities publications can be hard to recognize, as most personal names are not unique, they can change (such as with marriage), have cultural differences in name order, contain inconsistent use of first-name abbreviations and employ different writing systems. It provides a persistent identity for humans, similar to tax ID numbers, that are created for content-related entities on digital networks by digital object identifiers (DOIs).

The ORCID system includes a website and services to look up authors and their bibliographic output (and other user-supplied pieces of information).
Korie Homan
Korie Homan (born 16 June 1986 in de Wijk) is a Dutch former wheelchair tennis player. Homan won the gold medal in women's doubles at the 2008 Paralympics. In 2009, she completed the doubles Grand Slam by winning the Australian, French, Wimbledon and US titles with Esther Vergeer. In addition Homan has also had individual success in Grand Slams when she won the 2010 Australian Open title. Homan is a two-time Masters doubles champion and a former world number one.

De Wijk
De Wijk (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈʋɛik]) is a village in the Netherlands province of Drenthe. It is located in the municipality of De Wolden, and is about 7 km southeast of Meppel.  It is home to Rijksmonument 39657, De Wieker Meule.

De Wijk was a separate municipality until 1998, when it became a part of De Wolden.