hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tubuloglomerular feedback
In the physiology of the kidney, tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is a feedback system inside the kidneys. Within each nephron, information from the renal tubules (a downstream area of the tubular fluid) is signaled to the glomerulus (an upstream area). Tubuloglomerular feedback is one of several mechanisms the kidney uses to regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It involves the concept of purinergic signaling, in which an increased distal tubular sodium chloride concentration causes a basolateral release of adenosine from the macula densa cells. This initiates a cascade of events that ultimately brings GFR to an appropriate level.

High-protein diet
A high-protein diet is a diet in which 40% or more of the total daily calories come from protein. Many high protein diets are high in saturated fat and restrict intake of carbohydrates.

Example foods in a high-protein diet include lean beef, chicken or poultry, pork, salmon and tuna, eggs, and soy.  High-protein diets are often utilized in the context of fat loss and muscle building. High-protein fad diets, such as the Atkins diet and Protein Power, have been criticized for promoting misconceptions about carbohydrates, insulin resistance and ketosis.
A-League Men records and statistics
The A-League Men is an Australian professional league for association football clubs. At the top of the Australian soccer league system, it is the country's primary soccer competition and is contested by 12 clubs. The competition was formed in April 2004, following  a number of issues including financial problems in the National Soccer League. Those records and statistics of the A-League Men are listed below. All updated as of 31 December 2023.

2016–17 A-League
The 2016–17 A-League was the 40th season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the 12th since the establishment of the A-League in 2004. The season began on 7 October 2016.

Adelaide United were both the defending A-League Premiers and Champions. The 2017 Grand Final took place on 7 May 2017, with Sydney FC claiming their third Championship with a 1–1 (4–2 on penalties) win against Melbourne Victory. Sydney FC also claimed the premiership for the 2016–17 regular season, their second in club history.
Washington's 25th legislative district
Washington's 25th legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature.

The district includes Puyallup and the surrounding area in Pierce County.

The district's legislators are state senator Chris Gildon and state representatives Michael Keaton (position 1) and Cyndy Jacobsen (position 2), all Republicans.

Puyallup, Washington
Puyallup (/pjuːˈæləp/ ⓘ pew-AL-əp) is a city in Pierce County, Washington, United States. It is on the Puyallup River about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Tacoma and 35 miles (56 km) south of Seattle. The city had a population of 42,973 at the 2020 census.

The city's name comes from the Puyallup tribe of Native Americans and means "the generous people" in Lushootseed. Puyallup is home to the Washington State Fair, the state's largest annual fair. The name of the city is also used in mailing addresses for adjacent unincorporated areas, such as the larger-populated South Hill.
New York State Route 12B
New York State Route 12B (NY 12B) is a state highway in the central part of New York in the United States. NY 12B is a north–south highway connecting Oneida County in the north to Chenango County in the south, passing through Madison County in between. The southern terminus of NY 12B is at NY 12 in the village of Sherburne. The northern terminus is at NY 5 in the town of New Hartford. In Madison County, NY 12B directly abuts the campus of Colgate University in the village of Hamilton.

Chenango County, New York
Chenango County is a county located in the south-central section of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,220. Its county seat is Norwich. The county's name originates from an Oneida word meaning 'large bull-thistle'. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
JASA
Jasa is a municipality in Spain.

See also Jasa Veremalua (born 1988), Fijian rugby union player for the Tel Aviv Heat

JASA may stand for:

Japan–America Security Alliance, signed in 1951

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Journal of the American Statistical Association

Jose Abad Santos Avenue, a major road, designated as National Route 3 (N3) in the Philippines.

Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, subtitled "Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation"

Special Affairs Department (Malay: Jabatan Hal Ehwal Khas, JASA), a defunct government department in Malaysia.

Community Communications Department
Community Communications Department (Malay: Jabatan Komunikasi Komuniti, Abbr.: J-KOM) (previously called Special Affairs Department (Malay: Jabatan Hal Ehwal Khas, Abbr.: JASA) is a government agency of the Malaysian government, under the purview of the Ministry of Communications.
Koerberiella
Koerberiella is a genus of lichenized fungi within the Lecideaceae family.

The genus name of Koerberiella is in honour of Gustav Wilhelm Körber (1817–1885), who was a German lichenologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Berthold Stein in  Krypt. Fl. Schlesien vol.2 (issue 2) on page 143 in 1879.

Berthold Stein
Berthold Stein (1847–1899) was a Prussian botanist and lichenologist. After working as a disciple at the Botanical Garden in Berlin in 1865 he became superintendent at the Innsbruck Botanical Garden. He held this position from 1873 to 1880, during which he also started to collect lichens. From 1880 to 1890 he was royal superintendent at the University of Wrocław Botanical Garden. Based on a quote in 1879 by Stein himself he can be considered as a student of Gustav Körber. His main area of interest was the flora of Silesia.

He worked extensively on the taxonomy of the genera Masdevallia, Pescatoria (as Pescatorea) and Paphiopedilum in the orchid family.
Hellinger distance
In probability and statistics, the Hellinger distance (closely related to, although different from, the Bhattacharyya distance) is used to quantify the similarity between two probability distributions. It is a type of f-divergence.  The Hellinger distance is defined in terms of the Hellinger integral, which was introduced by Ernst Hellinger in 1909.

It is sometimes called the Jeffreys distance.

Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.
Calgary corpus
The Calgary corpus is a collection of text and binary data files, commonly used for comparing data compression algorithms. It was created by Ian Witten, Tim Bell and John Cleary from the University of Calgary in 1987 and was commonly used in the 1990s. In 1997 it was replaced by the Canterbury corpus, based on concerns about how representative the Calgary corpus was, but the Calgary corpus still exists for comparison and is still useful for its originally intended purpose.

Binary data
Binary data is data whose unit can take on only two possible states. These are often labelled as 0 and 1 in accordance with the binary numeral system and Boolean algebra.

Binary data occurs in many different technical and scientific fields, where it can be called by different names including bit (binary digit) in computer science, truth value in mathematical logic and related domains and binary variable in statistics.
Eszter Perenyi
Eszter Perenyi (born December 15, 1943) is a Budapest-born Hungarian violinist and Meritorious Artist of Hungary. She graduated from the Franz Liszt Academy of Music and then played under Erich Leinsdorf and István Kertész with the London Symphony Orchestra. She also performed abroad in such countries as Germany, Italy and Sweden and has taught at the Liszt Academy since 1975. In 2002 she became a recipient of the Bartók-Pásztory Prize and five years later was named a Merited Artist of the Republic of Hungary.

Erich Leinsdorf
Erich Leinsdorf (born Erich Landauer; February 4, 1912 – September 11, 1993) was an Austrian-born American conductor. He performed and recorded with leading orchestras and opera companies throughout the United States and Europe, earning a reputation for exacting standards as well as an acerbic personality. He also published books and essays on musical matters.
Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
The Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (Chinese: 中国人民政治协商会议辽宁省委员会; abbreviation CPPCC Liaoning Provincial Committee) is the provincial advisory body and a local organization of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Liaoning, China. It is supervised and directed by the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the provincial committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Liaoning, China, and the province's top authority. The CCP committee secretary is the highest ranking post in the province.
Shagya Arabian
The Shagya Arabian is a horse breed which was developed in the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the 19th century at the Bábolna, Mezőhegyes, Radautz, Piber, and Topolcianky studs. Today it is most often seen in the Czech Republic, Austria, Romania, the former Yugoslavian countries, Poland, Germany, and Hungary, but has been exported to other nations and is bred around the world. A purebred Shagya Arabian today has bloodlines that can be traced in all lines to the stud books of Rădăuți, Babolna, and Topolcianky. The breed is considered by some to be a subtype of Arabian horse, but due to the presence of a small amount of non-Arabian breeding others consider it to be an Anglo-Arabian or a partbred Arabian.

Piber Federal Stud
The Piber Federal Stud (Bundesgestüt Piber) is a stud farm dedicated to the breeding of Lipizzan horses, located at the village of Piber, near the town of Köflach in western Styria, Austria.  It was founded in 1798, began breeding Lipizzan horses in 1920, and today is the primary breeding farm that produces the stallions used by the Spanish Riding School, where the best stallions of each generation bred at Piber are brought for training and later public performance.  One of Piber’s major objectives is "to uphold a substantial part of Austria’s cultural heritage and to preserve one of the best and most beautiful horse breeds in its original form."
Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan
Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan is a municipality located in the Montcalm Regional County Municipality, in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. It is on the banks of the Achigan River, a tributary of the L'Assomption River. According to the town's website, the population is approximately 5,400 and growing steadily as a result of the suburban sprawl in the North Shore of Greater Montreal.

Montcalm Regional County Municipality
Montcalm (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃kalm]) is a regional county municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. Its seat is Sainte-Julienne.

The population according to the 2021 Canadian Census was 58,680
Ross Site
The Ross Site designated 3CL401, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Clark County, Arkansas, near the small town of Whelen Springs.  The site includes two Native American mounds from the Caddoan culture, which have been dated to AD 1400–1600.  It is one of a small number of Caddoan sites in southwestern Arkansas. The site was relatively unscathed until the mid-1980s, having never been plowed over, thus leaving intact potential ground-level features other than the mounds.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Caddoan Mississippian culture
The Caddoan Mississippian culture was a prehistoric Native American culture considered by archaeologists as a variant of the Mississippian culture. The Caddoan Mississippians covered a large territory, including what is now Eastern Oklahoma, Western Arkansas, Northeast Texas, Southwest Missouri and Northwest Louisiana of the United States.

Archaeological evidence has established that the cultural continuity is unbroken from prehistory to the present. The speakers of Caddo and related Caddoan languages in prehistoric times and at first European contact have been proved to be the direct ancestors of the modern Caddo Nation of Oklahoma.
Manraj Johal
Manraj Singh Johal (born 12 October 2001) is an English cricketer. Johal studied at Sandwell College and Oldbury Academy, and played age group cricket with Warwickshire from the U-11s onwards. He also played minor league cricket for Staffordshire. In October 2020, he signed a professional contract with Warwickshire. He made his List A debut on 22 July 2021, for Warwickshire in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup.

Johal made his first-class debut on 28 September 2021, for Warwickshire in the 2021 Bob Willis Trophy, the final of the 2021 County Championship.

Sandwell College
Sandwell College is the only College of Further Education in Sandwell, West Midlands, England. It predominantly serves Sandwell, West Birmingham and adjacent areas of Dudley, Walsall and Wolverhampton. Following seven years of growth in student numbers, some 6000 16–18-year-old students currently study in the college.

The college's £77 million 'Central Campus' was opened on Spon Lane in West Bromwich in March 2012; it houses facilities for teaching a wide variety of skills-based courses to school leavers and adults.
41st Golden Raspberry Awards
The 41st Golden Raspberry Awards, or Razzies, was an awards ceremony that identified the worst the film industry had to offer in 2020, along with the first two months of 2021, according to votes from members of the Golden Raspberry Foundation. Razzies co-founder John J. B. Wilson has claimed that the intent of the awards is "to be irritating". It took place on April 24, 2021. The nominees were announced on March 12, 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent cinema closings, combined with the example set by other contemporary award shows (particularly the Academy Awards), resulted in streaming media being valid for nominations for the first time. Absolute Proof became the second documentary film to be awarded Worst Picture, winning both Razzies it was nominated for; the other being Worst Actor for Mike Lindell.

Nominated for Worst Supporting Actress for Hillbilly Elegy, Glenn Close became the third person to have received both Oscar and Razzie acting nominations for the same role.

Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress
The Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress is an award presented annually at the Golden Raspberry Awards (or "Razzies") to the worst supporting actress of the previous year. Nominees and winners are voted on by the Golden Raspberry Foundation, a group that anyone can join if they pay a yearly subscription fee.

As it is intended to be a humorous award, drag performers are eligible to be nominated. On occasion, people featured in documentary films have also been nominated for "worst actress".

The following is a list of nominees and recipients of that award, along with the film(s) for which they were nominated and the character they played.
Elizabeth Rusch
Elizabeth Rusch is an American children's author and magazine writer. Rusch has written about numerous nonfiction subjects ranging from volcanology to the life of Maria Anna Mozart. Rusch has also written several works of fiction including the picture book A Day with No Crayons and the graphic novel Muddy Max: The Mystery of Marsh Creek. Her books have won numerous awards and accolades including: The Oregon Spirit Award, Oregon Book Award, NSTA Outstanding Science Tradebook, Bank Street College of Education Best Book of the Year, Kirkus Best Book of the Year, Gelett Burgess Award for Biography, AAAS Best Book of the Year, School Library Journal Best Book of Year, New York Public Library Best Book of the Year, Best STEM Trade Book (NSTA-CBC), Texas Topaz Nonfiction Gem. She attended Duke University. Rusch has written more than 15 books for children and more than one hundred articles for young people and adults.

Bank Street College of Education
Bank Street College of Education is a private school, graduate school, and education research center located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. It consists of a graduate-only teacher training college, Bank Street Graduate School of Education, and an independent nursery-through-8th-grade school, the Bank Street School for Children.
Andrew Walker (cricketer)
Andrew John Walker (born 29 October 1971, Bradford, Yorkshire, England) is a former English cricketer.  Walker was a right-handed batsman, who bowled right-arm off break.

Walker represented the Yorkshire Cricket Board in three List A matches.  His debut List A match came against the Gloucestershire Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy.  His final two matches came against Huntingdonshire and Yorkshire, both in the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In his three List A matches, he scored 57 runs at a batting average of 28.50, with a high score of 30*.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Ratification of the United States Constitution by Massachusetts
The ratification of the United States Constitution by Massachusetts in 1788 was a proceeding that narrowly ratified the United States Constitution which went through after John Hancock and Samuel Adams expressed their support for the constitution.

Ratification
Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.

The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty. The term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federal states such as the United States and Canada. The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies.
Gradual of Manuel I of Portugal
The Gradual of Manuel I of Portugal (Portuguese: Gradual de D. Manuel I) is a kyriale or gradual dated c. 1500, originally owned by King Manuel I of Portugal. It contains Gregorian chant settings for the Ordinary of the Mass (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei), comprising a total of eighteen complete polyphonic Masses (and two unfinished ones) by the foremost contemporary composers, among them Jacobus Barbireau, Alexander Agricola, Pierre de la Rue, Marbrianus de Orto, Josquin des Prez, Johannes Ghiselin, and Antoine Brumel.

It is currently part of the collections of the Austrian National Library, in Vienna, shelfmark Ms. 1783.

Jacobus Barbireau
Jacobus Barbireau (also Jacques or Jacob; also Barbirianus) (1455 – 7 August 1491) was a Franco-Flemish Renaissance composer from Antwerp.  He was considered to be a superlative composer both by his contemporaries and by modern scholars; however, his surviving output is small, and he died young.
Caligula... The Untold Story
Caligula... The Untold Story (original Italian title: Caligola... la storia mai raccontata; transl. "Caligula... the story never told") is a 1982 historical exploitation film starring David Brandon and Laura Gemser. Written by George Eastman and Joe D'Amato, and produced, directed and shot by Joe D'Amato, it was created to cash-in on the success of Tinto Brass's Caligula without being a sequel or remake.

The plot deals with the last days of the deviant and murderous Roman emperor Caligula, his sumptuous feasts, orgies, and the various assassination attempts on his life. At its core, the film develops an ill-fated romance between the emperor and an Egyptian slave seeking revenge for her friend's death.

Caligula... The Untold Story was released in Italy and in other European countries in both theaters and on home video in several different softcore and hardcore versions.

While initially received poorly, retrospective reviews have been relatively positive.

Tinto Brass
Giovanni "Tinto" Brass (born 26 March 1933) is an Italian film director and screenwriter. In the 1960s and 1970s, he directed many critically acclaimed avant-garde films of various genres. Today, he is mainly known for his later work in the erotic genre, with films such as Caligula, Così fan tutte (released under the English title All Ladies Do It), Paprika, Monella (Frivolous Lola) and Trasgredire.
Nausinoe perspectata
Nausinoe perspectata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, China, India, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Australia.

The larvae feed on Jasminum sambac and Clematis leschenaultiana.

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine or Sambac jasmine) is a species of jasmine native to Bhutan and India. It is cultivated in many places, especially West Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is naturalised in many scattered locales: Mauritius, Madagascar, the Maldives, Christmas Island, Chiapas, Central America, southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles.

Jasminum sambac is a small shrub or vine growing up to 0.5 to 3 m (1.6 to 9.8 ft) in height. It is widely cultivated for its attractive and sweetly fragrant flowers. The flowers may be used as a fragrant ingredient in perfumes and jasmine tea. It is the national flower of the Philippines, where it is known as sampaguita, as well as being one of the three national flowers of Indonesia, where it is known as melati putih.
Harry Skreja
Harry Martin Skreja (born 13 February 1953) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Skreja made his VFL debut in 1969, in round seven against South Melbourne, as a 16 year old.

Skreja was captain / coach of the Wangaratta Football Club in 1975 and kicked 95 goals in the Ovens & Murray Football League.

In 1977, Skreja, was captain / coach of Yarram in the Alberton Football League, which won the 1977 premiership, kicking 113 goals for the season too.

Skreja was captain / coach of Leeton in 1979 and also represented the South West Football League (New South Wales).

Yarram
Yarram (formerly Yarram Yarram) is a town in the Shire of Wellington, Victoria, Australia, located in the southeast of Gippsland. At the 2016 census, the population of the town was 2,135. Nearby towns include Welshpool, Alberton and Foster.