hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fraser filter
A Fraser filter, named after Douglas Fraser, is typically used in geophysics when displaying VLF data. It is effectively the first derivative of the data.

If  represents the collected data then  is the average of two values. Consider this value to be plotted between point 1 and point 2 and do the same with points 3 and 4:

If  represents the space between each station along the line then
 is the Fraser Filter of those four values.

Since  is constant, it can be ignored and the Fraser filter considered to be
.

Very low frequency
Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km, respectively. The band is also known as the myriameter band or myriameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten myriameters (an obsolete metric unit equal to 10 kilometers). Due to its limited bandwidth, audio (voice) transmission is highly impractical in this band, and therefore only low-data-rate coded signals are used. The VLF band is used for a few radio navigation services, government time radio stations (broadcasting time signals to set radio clocks) and secure military communication. Since VLF waves can penetrate at least 40 meters (130 ft) into saltwater, they are used for military communication with submarines.
February 1951 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Wednesday, February 21, 1951, with an umbral magnitude of −1.0600. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 6.5 days after apogee (on February 15, 1951, at 9:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This eclipse was the first of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 1951, with the others occurring on March 23, August 17, and September 15.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Alloencotyllabe
Alloencotyllabe is a genus of parasitic monogenean in the family Capsalidae. It is monotypic, containing the sole species Alloencotyllabe caranxi. The specific epithet was derived from the type host of the species, which was fish belonging to the genus Caranx. It has been found from type specimens in the Persian Gulf.

Monogenea
Monogeneans, members of the class Monogenea (/ˌmɒnəˈdʒiːniːə/ MON-ə-JEE-nee-ə), are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.

Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. The genus Gyrodactylus  is an example of a viviparous variety, while the genus Dactylogyrus is an example of an oviparous variety.
Pomadasys olivaceus
Pomadasys olivaceus, commonly named piggy, or pinky is a  species of marine fish in the family Haemulidae, the grunts, first described by Francis Day in 1875 as Pristipoma olivaceum in Day, F. (1875), The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. London. Part 1.

Francis Day
Francis Talbot Day CIE (2 March 1829 – 10 July 1889) was an army surgeon and naturalist in the Madras Presidency who later became the Inspector-General of Fisheries in India and Burma. A pioneer ichthyologist, he described more than three hundred fishes in the two-volume work on The Fishes of India. He also wrote the fish volumes of the Fauna of British India series. He was also responsible for the introduction of trout into the Nilgiri hills, for which he received a medal from the French Societe d'Acclimatation. Many of his fish specimens are distributed across museums with only a small fraction deposited in the British Museum (Natural History Museum, London), an anomaly caused by a prolonged conflict with Albert Günther, the keeper of zoology there.
Lisburn North (District Electoral Area)
Lisburn North is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Lisburn and Castlereagh, Northern Ireland. The district elects six members to Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council and contains the wards of Derryaghy, Harmony Hill, Hilden, Lambeg, Magheralave and Wallace Park. Lisburn North forms part of the Lagan Valley constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1993 local elections, largely replacing the old Lisburn Town DEA and gaining areas from Killultagh DEA, where it contained seven wards (Ballymacash, Ballymacoss, Harmony Hill, Lambeg, Lisnagarvey, Magheralave and Wallace Park), and was known as Lisburn Town North. For the 2014 local elections, it was decreased to six wards, losing Ballymacash, Ballymacoss and Lisnagarvey to Lisburn South DEA but gaining Hilden from Lisburn South DEA and Derryaghy from Dunmurry Cross DEA.

Lagan Valley (Assembly constituency)
54°30′22″N 6°02′38″W﻿ / ﻿54.506°N 6.044°W﻿ / 54.506; -6.044

Lagan Valley is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Forum in 1996. Since 1998, it has elected members to the current Assembly.

For Assembly elections prior to 1996, the constituency was largely part of the South Antrim and North Down constituencies.  Since 1997, it has shared boundaries with the Lagan Valley UK Parliament constituency.
Pooja Sharma (Indian actress)
Pooja B Sharma (born 12 February 1982) is an Indian actress and model who primarily works in Hindi television. She made her acting debut in 2012 with an episodic role in Teri Meri Love Stories. Sharma is best known for her portrayal of Draupadi in Mahabharat and Parvati and Mahakali in Mahakali — Anth Hi Aarambh Hai.

Mahakali
Mahakali (Sanskrit: महाकाली, romanized: Mahākālī) is the Hindu goddess of time and death in the goddess-centric tradition of Shaktism. She is also known as the supreme being in various tantras and Puranas.

Similar to Kali, Mahakali is a fierce goddess associated with universal power, time, life, death, and both rebirth and liberation. She is the consort of Mahakala, the god of consciousness, the basis of reality and existence. Mahakali, in Sanskrit, is etymologically the feminised variant of Mahakala, or Great Time (which is also interpreted as Death), Shiva in Hinduism.
1991 Czechoslovak Open – Singles
The 1991 PCzechoslovak  Open was a men's tennis tournament played on Clay in Prague, Czech Republic that was part of the International Series of the 1991 ATP Tour.
Jordi Arrese was the defending champion but lost in the second round to Thomas Muster.

Karel Nováček won the title by defeating Magnus Gustafsson 7–6(7–5), 6–2 in the final.

Karel Nováček
Karel Nováček (born 30 March 1965) is a retired Czech former top ten tennis player born in Prostějov, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic). In his career, Nováček won 13 singles titles and six doubles titles. His highest singles ranking was World No. 8, which he achieved on 18 November 1991.

His best performance at a Grand Slam came at the 1994 US Open where he defeated Alexander Vladimirovich Volkov, Andriy Medvedev, Todd Woodbridge, Javier Frana and Jaime Yzaga before losing to Michael Stich in the semifinal. In 1997, Novacek was suspended for three months for failing a drug test at the 1995 French Open; he forfeited $185,765, but denied taking cocaine knowingly.

Nováček lived in Boca Raton, Florida, United States for 20 years, and then moved back to the Czech Republic. Karel and Maya Nováček married in 1990; as of 2002, they had three children. In 2002, the Boca Raton News reported that their ten-year-old daughter Anika was a promising tennis player, winning several tournaments.
Pankaj Joshi (physicist)
Pankaj S. Joshi (born 25 April 1953) is an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist whose research is mainly focused on areas of gravitational collapse and spacetime singularity. He has published more than 225 research papers in national and international journals, and books and monographs on the subject. Currently, he is a Distinguished Professor of Physics, and founding director of the International Center for Space and Cosmology at Ahmedabad University.

Gravitational collapse
Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity. Gravitational collapse is a fundamental mechanism for structure formation in the universe. Over time an initial, relatively smooth distribution of matter, after sufficient accretion, may collapse to form pockets of higher density, such as stars or black holes.

Star formation involves a gradual gravitational collapse of interstellar medium into clumps of molecular clouds and potential protostars. The compression caused by the collapse raises the temperature until thermonuclear fusion occurs at the center of the star, at which point the collapse gradually comes to a halt as the outward thermal pressure balances the gravitational forces. The star then exists in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. During the star's evolution a star might collapse again and reach several new states of equilibrium.
Ulrich Tukur
Ulrich Tukur (born Ulrich Gerhard Scheurlen; 29 July 1957) is a German actor and musician. He is known for his roles in Michael Haneke's The White Ribbon, Steven Soderbergh's Solaris, the docudrama North Face based on the 1936 Eiger climbing disaster in Switzerland, and as Wilhelm Uhde in Martin Provost's biopic Séraphine.

German Film Award
The German Film Award (German: Deutscher Filmpreis),  also known as Lola after its prize statuette, is the national film award of Germany. It is presented at an annual ceremony honouring cinematic achievements in the German film industry. Besides being the most important film award in Germany, it is also the most highly endowed German cultural award, with cash prizes in its current 20 categories totalling nearly three million euros.

From 1951 to 2004 it was awarded by a commission, but since 2005 the award has been organized by the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie). The Federal Commissioner for Cultural and Media Affairs has been responsible for the administration of the prize since 1999. The awards ceremony is traditionally held in Berlin.
Sin Piedad
Sin Piedad (Spanish for "No Mercy" or "No Pity", not to be confused with a similarly-titled series of PPV's hosted by WWE) is the collective name of a series of annual lucha libre, or professional wrestling major show promoted by Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). The Sin Piedad show is CMLL's end of the year show, held in December. The first show held under the Sin Piedad took place in 2000, although CMLL has traditionally held a major event in December before then. Sin Piedad has been held eleven times so far, with the end of years event in 2005 billed as Juicio Final ("Final Judgment") and then 2009 event billed as Sin Salida ("No Escape") instead. In 2008 Sin Pidead was held in August, with no December show being held at all.

Juicio Final (2005)
Juicio Final (2005) (Spanish for "Final Judgement") was a professional wrestling major show event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) that took place on December 2, 2005 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. This was the twelfth time that CMLL used the name "Jucio Final" for one of their major shows.

The main event of the show was a Lucha de Apuesta, hair vs. hair match between Universo 2000 and Halloween that saw Halloween lose and have all his hair shaved off after the match. The show also featured four traditional six-man "Lucha Libre rules" tag team matches, one featuring the Women's division and three regular male trios matches.
Fantastic Journey to Oz
Fantastic Journey to OZ (Russian: Урфин Джюс и его деревянные солдаты, romanized: Urfin Jus i ego derevyannye soldaty, transl. Urfin Jus and His Wooden Soldiers) is a 2017 Russian animated film based on the novel Urfin Jus and his Wooden Soldiers by Alexander Volkov.

The film was directed by Vladimir Toropchin, Fyodor Dmitriev and Darina Schmidt. It is the first animated film from Melnitsa Animation Studio made using computer animation.

The premiere took place on 20 April 2017.

A sequel, Fantastic Return to Oz, was released on 24 October 2019.

Melnitsa Animation Studio
Melnitsa Animation Studio (Russian: Студия анимационного кино «Мельница», "melnitsa" meaning "windmill") is one of the largest animation studios in Russia. Deutsche Welle called the studio the Walt Disney of Saint Petersburg. Alongside its animation projects, Melnitsa has an effort devoted to creating digital special effects for both animation projects and live-action films.
German immigration to Switzerland
About 250,000 German nationals had permanent residence in Switzerland in 2009, rising to some 300,000 five years later. Accounting for multiple citizenships the number of German nationals living in Switzerlands is much higher, at about 450,000 in 2019. For the Germans, Switzerland became the most appreciated country to settle in, to find work or to study.
The "surge" of immigration during the first decade of the 21st century, especially the German one, is a result of the EU-15 opening and, for students, of the Bologna Process.

1995 enlargement of the European Union
The 1995 enlargement of the European Union saw Austria, Finland, and Sweden accede to the European Union (EU). This was the EU's fourth enlargement and came into effect on 1 January of that year. It is also known as the EFTA Enlargement round. All these states were previous members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and had traditionally been less interested in joining the EU than other European countries. Norway had negotiated to join alongside the other three, but following the signing of the treaty, membership was turned down by the Norwegian electorate in the 1994 national referendum. Switzerland also applied for membership on 26 May 1992, but withdrew it after a negative referendum result on 6 December 1992 (and that was not changed after a second negative referendum result on 4 March 2001).
Juan García Oliver
Juan García Oliver (1901–1980) was a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary and Minister of Justice of the Second Spanish Republic. He was a leading figure of anarchism in Spain and is said to have invented the red and black flag.

Reus
Reus (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈrɛws]) is the capital of Baix Camp, in Camp de Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 111,601 (register office, 2025) .

Reus is a producer of wines and spirits, and gained significance during the Phylloxera plague. Currently it is known for its commercial activity, as a center for rock climbing, and as the birthplace of architect Antoni Gaudí.
Teater Tun Siti Hasmah
Teater Tun Siti Hasmah is a Malaysian play directed by Erma Fatima and starring Lisa Surihani, Eja, Nazim Othman and Esma Danial.  It depicts the life of Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali, wife of Malaysian prime minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, concentrating largely on her role as a doctor and medical officer in her youth before becoming Malaysia's first lady. The play was produced in November 2012 at the Istana Budaya, Malaysia's "Palace of Culture" and main theatrical venue.

Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb docēre [dɔˈkeːrɛ] 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris.

Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world. Contracted "Dr" or "Dr.", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a doctorate (commonly a PhD). In past usage, the term could be applied to any learned person.  In many parts of the world today it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether they hold a doctoral-level degree.
Account-based marketing
Account-based marketing (ABM), also known as key account marketing, is a business-to-business (B2B) marketing strategy in which companies focus resources on a defined set of high-value accounts, treating each as a distinct market rather than pursuing broad-based outreach.

The term was coined in 2003 by Bev Burgess at the Information Technology Services Marketing Association (ITSMA).

This formalized earlier practices of key account management and industrial marketing, positioning ABM as a structured framework for aligning sales and marketing around specific accounts.

Today, ABM is widely adopted by large B2B organizations, and analyst surveys report that most practitioners consider it to deliver higher ROI than traditional demand generation approaches. Account-based marketing is typically employed in enterprise-level sales organizations.

Business marketing
Business marketing is a marketing practice of individuals or organizations (including commercial businesses, governments, and institutions). It allows them to sell products or services to other companies or organizations, who either resell them, use them in their products or services, or use them to support their work.

The field of marketing can be broken down into many sections such as business-to-business (B2B) marketing, business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing, and business-to-developer (B2D) marketing. However, business marketing is typically associated with the business-to-business sector.
Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital
The Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, officially the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras", is located in Barrio San Lazaro and is the premier hospital in Cuba, its tower prominently visible from the Malecón between the historic center and the uptown Vedado neighborhood. It was opened in 1982.

The hospital is located at San Lázaro and Belascoaín streets in Centro Habana. It has a footprint of 35,500 square metres (8.8 acres), and 79,500 square metres (856,000 sq ft) of floor space. The monumental lobby measures 75 metres (246 ft) by 45 metres (148 ft) with a 15-metre-high (49 ft) ceiling and murals by Romanian-Cuban artist Sandú Darié.

Vedado
Vedado (Spanish: El Vedado, Spanish pronunciation: [el βeˈðaðo]) is a central business district and urban neighborhood in the city of Havana, Cuba. Bordered on the east by Calzada de Infanta and Central Havana, and on the west by the Alemendares River and Miramar / Playa district, Vedado is a more modern part of the city than the areas to the east, developed in the first half of the 20th century, during the Republic period. In 2016 it was described by one commentator as the city's "most affluent" section. The main street running east to west is Calle 23, also known as "La Rampa". The northern edge of the district is the waterfront seawall known as the Malecón, a famous and popular place for social gatherings in the city. The area popularly referred to as 'Vedado' consists of the wards (consejos populares) of Vedado, Rampa, Vedado-Malecón and Carmelo, all in the municipality of Plaza de la Revolución.
Philosophy of biology
The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. Although philosophers of science and philosophers generally have long been interested in biology (e.g., Aristotle, Descartes, and Kant), philosophy of biology only emerged as an independent field of philosophy in the 1960s and 1970s, associated with the research of David Hull. Philosophers of science then began paying increasing attention to biology, from the rise of Neodarwinism in the 1930s and 1940s to the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 to more recent advances in genetic engineering.
Other key ideas include the reduction of all life processes to biochemical reactions, and the incorporation of psychology into a broader neuroscience.

Neo-Darwinism
Neo-Darwinism is generally used to describe any integration of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection with Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics. It mostly refers to evolutionary theory from either 1895 (for the combinations of Darwin's and August Weismann's theories of evolution) or 1942 ("modern synthesis"), but it can mean any new Darwinian- and Mendelian-based theory, such as the current evolutionary theory.
Parlington
Parlington is a civil parish that includes part of Aberford, in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 the parish had a population of 87. The parish touches Aberford, Barwick in Elmet and Scholes, Lotherton cum Aberford, Micklefield and Sturton Grange. Aberford & District Parish Council includes Parlington along with Aberford, Lotherton cum Aberford and Sturton Grange. There are plans to build a garden village in Parlington.

Garden city movement
The garden city movement was a 20th-century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Ebenezer Howard first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century, Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City were built near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world.
Beasts of Balance
Beasts of Balance is a dexterity tabletop game played alongside a companion app for  iOS and Android.  The game was developed by Sensible Object and released in November 2016, its soundtrack was composed by Disasterpeace. Originally titled Fabulous Beasts, the game had to be renamed following a trademark dispute with Warner Bros. over their Fantastic Beasts film.

Disasterpeace
Richard Vreeland (born June 29, 1986), better known by his stage name Disasterpeace, is an American composer and musician. He first got started in music after learning the guitar in high school and began writing music around the age of 17. Known for his work as a chiptune artist, Vreeland has scored numerous video games, including Fez and Hyper Light Drifter. He stepped into film score composition with the 2015 film It Follows, and has since composed the scores for Marcel the Shell with Shoes On, Under the Silver Lake, Triple Frontier, and Bodies Bodies Bodies.