hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven
Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven (Wilhelmshaven Imperial Shipyard) was a German shipbuilding company in Wilhelmshaven, founded in 1871 and closed in 1918.  Together with Kaiserliche Werft Danzig and Kaiserliche Werft Kiel it was one of three shipyards which solely produced warships for the Preußische Marine and the following German Kaiserliche Marine. With the end of World War I all three imperial shipyards were closed, but the Wilhelmshaven shipyard was reopened in 1919, first as Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven, and after 1935 named Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven.

German submarine Deutschland
Deutschland was a blockade-breaking German merchant submarine used during World War I. It was developed with private funds and operated by the North German Lloyd Line. She was the first of seven U-151-class U-boats built and one of only two used as unarmed cargo submarines.

After making two voyages as an unarmed merchantman, she was taken over by the German Imperial Navy on 19 February 1917 and converted into U-155, armed with six torpedo tubes and two deck guns. As U-155, she began a raiding career in June 1917 that was to last until October 1918, sinking 120,434 GRT of shipping and damaging a further 9,080 GRT of shipping.
James Crichton-Stuart
Lieutenant-Colonel James Frederick Dudley Crichton-Stuart (17 February 1824 – 24 October 1891) was a British soldier and Liberal politician.

Crichton-Stuart was the son of Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart and a great-great-grandson of Prime Minister John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. His mother was Hannah, daughter of William Tighe, MP. He served with the Grenadier Guards and achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1859 he was returned to Parliament for Cardiff, a seat previously held by his father, and represented this constituency in the House of Commons until 1880. Between 1859 and 1891 he also served as Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire.

Crichton-Stuart married Gertrude Frances, daughter of Sir George Hamilton Seymour, in 1864. They had several children. Crichton-Stuart died in October 1891, aged 67. His wife survived him by eighteen years and died in December 1909.

John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (/bjuːt/; 25 May 1713 – 10 March 1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart between 1713 and 1723, was a British Tory statesman who served as the Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1762 to 1763 under George III. He became the first Tory to hold the position and was arguably the last important royal favourite in British politics. He was the first prime minister from Scotland following the Acts of Union in 1707. He was also elected as the first president of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland when it was founded in 1780.
Ravne v Bohinju
Ravne v Bohinju (pronounced [ˈɾáːwnɛ w bɔˈxíːnju]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Bohinj in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlets of Spodnji Konec, Zgornji Konec, and Dolino.

Municipality of Bohinj
The Municipality of Bohinj (Slovene: Občina Bohinj) is a municipality in the Upper Carniola region of northwest Slovenia. Its seat is the settlement of Bohinjska Bistrica. The municipality had 5,256 people in 2023. As of July 2023, the mean age of people was 46.0 years. In the school year 2023/24 elementary schools in Bohinj were attended by about 440 pupils, while various upper secondary schools were attended by about 200 pupils. For every 179 people aged 65 or older, 100 people were aged 0-14. However, the number of live births was lower than the number of deaths, which means that natural increase per 1,000 population in the municipality was negative (-1.5 in Bohinj).
Maschinenkarabiner 42(W)
The Maschinenkarabiner 42(W) (German: "machine carbine model 1942 (Walther)" ) or MKb 42(W) was an early German assault rifle designed in 1940-41 by Walther during World War II. The Mkb 42(W), and the more successful Maschinenkarabiner 42(H) designed by Haenel, were predecessors of the Sturmgewehr 44 (StG 44) assault rifle.

Assault rifle
An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate-rifle cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first put into mass production and accepted into widespread service during World War II. The first assault rifle to see major usage was the German StG 44, a development of the earlier Mkb 42. While immediately after World War II, NATO countries were equipped with battle rifles, the development of the M16 rifle during the Vietnam War prompted the adoption of assault rifles by the rest of NATO. By the end of the 20th century, assault rifles had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing full-powered rifles and submachine guns in most roles. The two most successful modern assault rifles are the AK-47 and the M16 designs and their derivatives.
Howard Glassman
Howard Allen Glassman (born 1960 in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan), commonly known as Humble Howard, is a Canadian radio personality, best known as co-host with Fred Patterson of the Humble & Fred morning show, which had been heard on Edge 102, Mojo 640 and Mix 99.9 in Toronto.

Moose Jaw
Moose Jaw is the fourth largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lying on the Moose Jaw River in the south-central part of the province, it is situated on the Trans-Canada Highway, 177 km (110 mi) east of Swift Current and 77 km (48 mi) west of Regina. Residents of Moose Jaw are known as Moose Javians. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Moose Jaw No. 161.

Moose Jaw is an industrial centre and a critical railway junction for the area's agricultural produce. CFB Moose Jaw, located a few kilometres south of the city, is a NATO flight training school and is home to the Snowbirds, Canada's military aerobatic air show flight demonstration team. Moose Jaw also has a casino and geothermal spa.
Electoral (Amendment) Act 1947
The Electoral (Amendment) Act 1947 (No. 31) was a law in Ireland which revised Dáil constituencies. The new constituencies were first used for the 13th Dáil, elected at the 1948 general election on 4 February 1948.

This Act repealed the Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act 1935, which defined the constituencies since the 1937 general election. It also increased the number of seats in the Dáil by 9 from 138 to 147. It was used at the 1951, 1954 and 1957 general elections.

The 1947 revision was repealed by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1961, which created a new schedule of constituencies first used at the 1961 general election for the 17th Dáil.

17th Dáil
The 17th Dáil was elected at the 1961 general election on 4 October 1961 and met on 11 October 1961. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 10th Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

On 18 March 1965 President Éamon de Valera dissolved the Dáil on the request of Taoiseach Seán Lemass. The 17th Dáil lasted 3 years, 158 days.
Shane Reti
Shane Raymond Reti QSM MP (born 5 June 1963) is a New Zealand politician and a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives, and a Cabinet Minister with the roles of Minister for Pacific Peoples, Minister of Science, Innovation, and Technology, Minister of Universities and Minister of Statistics. He was first elected at the 2014 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Whangārei electorate. He is a member of the New Zealand National Party and served as its deputy leader from 10 November 2020 to 30 November 2021 including a period of five days as interim leader following the ousting of Judith Collins. He previously held the role of Minister of Health from 2023 to 2025.

Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (also known as Ngāpuhi-Nui-Tonu or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 184,470. This compares to 125,601 in 2001, 102,981 in 2006, 122,214  in 2013. and 165,201 in 2018. It is formed from 150 hapū or subtribes, with 55 marae.

Despite such diversity, the people of Ngāpuhi maintain their shared history and self-identity. Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, based in Kaikohe, administers the iwi. The Rūnanga acts on behalf of the iwi in consultations with the New Zealand government. It also ensures the equitable distribution of benefits from the 1992 fisheries settlement with the government, and undertakes resource management and education initiatives.
Alpeite
Alpeite (IMA symbol: Apt) is a calcium manganese magnesium silicate mineral with the chemical formula Ca4Mn3+2Al2(Mn3+Mg)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(V5+O4)(OH)6. It is named for its type locality, the Monte Alpe mine in Italy.

International Mineralogical Association
Founded in 1958, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is an international group of 40 national societies. The goal is to promote the science of mineralogy and to standardize the nomenclature of the 5000 plus known mineral species. The IMA is affiliated with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

The Association supports the activities of Commissions and Working Groups involved on certain aspects of mineralogical practice and facilitates interactions among mineralogists by sponsoring and organising meetings. In particular, the IMA holds its general meeting every four years. The last meeting was scheduled in 2022 in Lyon, France.
Al Manara, Dubai
Al Manara (Arabic: المنارة) is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).  Located in western Dubai, Al Manara is bordered to the north by Umm Suqeim, the east and south by Al Quoz and the west by Umm Al Sheif.  Al Manara, literally meaning The Beacon, is a developing residential community and houses many affluent villas and town housees.  The locality is bounded to the southeast by route E 11 (Sheikh Zayed Road).  Interchange No. 3 on Sheikh Zayed Road (also known as Al Manara Interchange) forms the southeasternmost section of the locality. Al Manara is separated from Umm Al Sheif by a local road (Al Thaniya Road).

Villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside.
4,4'-Azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid)
4,4′-Azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA) is a free radical initiator used in polymer synthesis. ACPA is a water-soluble initiator used in both heterogeneous and homogeneous free-radical polymerizations. It is used as an initiator in reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). When heated to decomposition, c. 70 °C, it releases N2 and produces 2 equivalents of reactive radicals capable of initiating polymerization.

Thermal decomposition
Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition of a substance caused by heat. The decomposition temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes. The reaction is usually endothermic  as heat is required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition. If decomposition is sufficiently exothermic, a positive feedback loop is created producing thermal runaway and possibly an explosion or other chemical reaction.
Corydalis ambigua
Corydalis ambigua is a tuberous early flowering east Asian flowering plant species in the poppy family Papaveraceae. Its exact native range is obscure due to taxonomic confusion. It is one of the sources of the drug tetrahydropalmatine.

Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae (/pəˌpævəˈreɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), informally called the poppy family, are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates (mostly in the northern hemisphere) like Eastern Asia as well as California in North America. It is almost unknown in the tropics. Most are herbaceous plants, but a few are shrubs and small trees. The family currently includes two groups that have been considered to be separate families: Fumariaceae and Pteridophyllaceae. Papaver is the classical name for poppy in Latin.
Coull
Coull is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cynthia Coull (born 1965), Canadian figure skater

Gary Coull (1954–2006), Canadian businessman

George Coull (1862–1934), Scottish pharmaceutical chemist

Joanna Coull (b. 1973), British swimmer

Robert Coull (b. 1966), British cyclist

George Coull
Dr George Coull FRSE (1862? – 10 January 1934) was a Scottish pharmaceutical chemist. He served as Managing Director of Raimes Clark & Co, parent company to Scotland's largest independent chemist, Lindsay & Gilmour.
Jacky Braithwaite
John "Jacky" Braithwaite (21 April 1873 – 14 November 1915) was a rugby union scrum half who played 359 times for Leicester Tigers between 1895 and 1906 scoring 67 tries, 45 conversions, 2 penalties, 15 drop goals and one goal from a mark for 361 points.  Braithwaite was born in Leeds and played local rugby for St Cuthbert's, Holbeck and Vulcan Rovers before moving to Leicester. He made his Leicester debut against Bedford on 12 October 1895 and played 7 times that season.  He became a regular in the First XV the next season and went on to win 8 successive Midlands Counties Cups from 1898–1905, during his career he only lost one of 34 fixtures in the cup.  Braithwaite started a record 236 games with fly half partner Billy Foreman for Leicester.

Braithwaite made his international debut for England on 2 December 1905 in England's first international against New Zealand at Crystal Palace. It was his only cap for England.

Crystal Palace National Sports Centre
The National Sports Centre at Crystal Palace in south London, England is a large sports centre and outdoor athletics stadium. It was opened in 1964 in Crystal Palace Park, close to the site of the former Crystal Palace Exhibition building which had been destroyed by fire in 1936, and is on the same site as the former FA Cup Final venue which was used here between 1895 and 1914.

It was one of the five National Sports Centres, run on behalf of Sport England, but responsibility was transferred to the London Development Agency (now GLA Land and Property) and is managed by Greenwich Leisure Limited, under their Better brand logo.

The athletics stadium has a capacity of 15,500, which can be increased to 24,000 with temporary seating. It has hosted international athletics meetings in the past.

As well as sporting events, the stadium has played host to a number of live open air concerts, by artists such as Coldplay, Bruce Springsteen, Sex Pistols and Depeche Mode.
Halvdan Wexelsen Freihow
Halvdan Wexelsen Freihow (22 November 1883 – 20 December 1965) was a Norwegian priest and culturist.

He was born in Tana Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. He graduated with the cand.theol. degree in 1909. In 1937 he earned the dr.philos. degree for a thesis on the psychological aspect of Henrik Ibsen's Brand. He was an avid proponent of the written language form Nynorsk, and chaired Noregs Ungdomslag from 1926 to 1936. He was later a vicar in Skien.

During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was arrested by the occupiers. He was imprisoned in Åkebergveien and Arkivet, then Grini concentration camp from 12 May to 12 June 1943.

He was the father of the diplomat Håkon Wexelsen Freihow.

Åkebergveien
59°54′36.88″N 10°46′27.19″E﻿ / ﻿59.9102444°N 10.7742194°E﻿ / 59.9102444; 10.7742194

Åkebergveien is a street in Oslo, Norway. The street is named after the former farm Åkeberg.

Åkebergveien 11 formerly belonged to the brewery Ytteborgs Aktiebryggeri. In 1934 the building was acquired by the city of Oslo, and after rebuilding became part of the district prison of Oslo, currently department B of Oslo Prison (Norwegian: Oslo fengsel). The prison is popularly called "Bayer'n", due to its history as a brewery. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, part of the prison was used by the Germans for political prisoners and detainees. The former Botsfengselet, currently department A of Oslo Prison, is located nearby.

Åkebergveien 50 was the first municipal apartment building of Oslo.
St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge
The St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge is part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge System, located off SR 50 just west of Titusville. The 6,255 acre (25 km2) refuge was established in 1971 to protect the now extinct dusky seaside sparrow, Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens. It is administered as part of Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge.

Titusville, Florida
Titusville is a city in and the county seat of Brevard County, Florida, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 48,789, up from 43,761 at the 2010 census.  Titusville is located along the Indian River, west of Merritt Island and the Kennedy Space Center, and south-southwest of the Canaveral National Seashore. It is a principal city of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

A secondary, de facto county seat was established beginning in 1989, at Viera, Florida, in the geographic center of the county, to better serve the more populous southern portion of the county.
Doug Berger
Douglas E. Berger is an American attorney, former prosecutor and politician who served as a member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's 7th Senate district for four terms, starting in 2005. A member of the Democratic Party, his district included Franklin County, Granville County, Vance County and Warren County.

Franklin County, North Carolina
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,573. Its county seat is Louisburg. Franklin County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Khavidak
Khavidak (Persian: خويدك, also Romanized as Khavīdak) is a village in Fahraj Rural District, in the Central District of Yazd County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 985, in 234 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
The Scent of Blood
The Scent of Blood (Italian: L'odore del sangue, also known as The Smell of Blood) is a 2004 Italian thriller-drama film written and directed by Mario Martone. It was screened at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival in the Director's Fortnight section. It is based on a novel by Goffredo Parise.

Directors' Fortnight
The Directors' Fortnight (French: Quinzaine des cinéastes, formerly Quinzaine des réalisateurs) is an independent section held in parallel to the Cannes Film Festival. It was started in 1969 by the French Directors Guild after the events of May 1968 resulted in cancellation of the Cannes festival as an act of solidarity with striking workers.

The Directors' Fortnight showcases a programme of shorts and feature films and documentaries worldwide.
It's a Bird... It's a Plane... It's Superman
It's a Bird... It's a Plane... It's Superman is a 1966 musical composed by Charles Strouse, with lyrics by Lee Adams and book by David Newman and Robert Benton. It is based on the comic book character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster and published by DC Comics.

While the show's original Broadway run was well-reviewed, it did not catch on with audiences. Closing after three and a half months and costing an unprecedented $600,000, the show was Broadway's biggest flop at the time. These numbers have been disputed, with Hal Prince reporting that the show was capitalized at $400,000; other shows had proven to be bigger flops.

David Newman (screenwriter)
David Newman (February 4, 1937 – June 27, 2003) was an American screenwriter.  From the late 1960s through the early 1980s he frequently collaborated with Robert Benton. He was married to fellow writer Leslie Newman, with whom he had two children, until his death in 2003 from a stroke.
Ebun Comets
Ebun Comets is a Nigerian professional basketball club. The club currently competes in the NBBF National Division One, the top flight league in the country. They have won one national championship, in 2003, 2005 and 2007. In 2006, they played In the FIBA Africa Club Champions Cup, where they finished 5th. On July 14, 2021, they won the inaugural season of the Crown Elite Basketball League. Until 2006, the team was based in the city of Akure in the Ondo State.

FIBA Africa Basketball League
The FIBA Africa Basketball League (formerly named the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup) was the highest caliber men's professional basketball competition for clubs until 2020, organized by the FIBA Africa and played by the champions of the leagues of the African countries. The league was replaced by the Basketball Africa League (BAL) from 2020.
Jack Crowe
Jack Crowe (born May 2, 1947) is an American former college football coach. He played quarterback at West End High School in Birmingham, Alabama. He was most recently the head coach at Jacksonville State University in Alabama, a position he held from 2000 to 2012. Crowe also served as the head football coach at the University of Arkansas from 1990 to 1992. Crowe was also the head coach at Livingston University, now known as the University of West Alabama, from 1977 to 1978. He served as offensive coordinator for head coach Pat Dye at both Wyoming and Auburn. In addition, Crowe has served as an assistant coach at the University of North Alabama, Clemson University, and Baylor University. He is married to Leann Crowe.

Jacksonville State University
Jacksonville State University (JSU or Jax State) is a public university in Jacksonville, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1883, Jacksonville State offers programs of study in six academic schools leading to bachelor's, master's, education specialist, and doctorate degrees in addition to certificate programs and continuing education opportunities.

The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School, and in 1930, the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College, and again in 1957, to Jacksonville State College. The university began operating under its current name in 1966.

JSU currently has an enrollment of more than 9,000 students, with nearly 500 faculty members (more than 300 of whom are full-time). It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).