hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charlie Pittman
Charles Vernon Pittman (born January 22, 1948) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football as a halfback for the Penn State Nittany Lions, earning All-American honors in 1969. He and played in the NFL for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Baltimore Colts.

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
Wonder Bar
Wonder Bar is a 1934 American pre-Code musical drama film directed by Lloyd Bacon, with musical numbers choreographed and directed by Busby Berkeley. It is an adaptation of a Broadway musical of the same name that Al Jolson had starred in.

It stars Al Jolson, Kay Francis, Dolores del Río, Ricardo Cortez, Dick Powell, Guy Kibbee, Ruth Donnelly, Hugh Herbert, Louise Fazenda, Fifi D'Orsay, Merna Kennedy, Henry O'Neill, Robert Barrat, Henry Kolker, and Spencer Charters in the main roles.

For its time, Wonder Bar was considered risqué, barely passing the censors at the Hays Office. One musical number in particular, "Goin' to Heaven on a Mule", in which heaven was depicted with hundreds of Blacks eating watermelon while they sang and danced, was considered in bad taste even in its day.

Photoplay
Photoplay was one of the first American film fan magazines, its title another word for screenplay. It was founded in Chicago in 1911. Under early editors Julian Johnson and James R. Quirk, in style and reach it became a pacesetter for fan magazines. In 1921, Photoplay established what is considered the first significant annual movie award. For most of its run, it was published by Macfadden Publications. The magazine ceased publication in 1980.
Stafford Building Society
The Stafford Building Society is a British building society, which has its headquarters in Stafford, Staffordshire. It was formed by a small group of railway workers of the London & North Western Railway Company in 1877. It was known as Stafford Railway Building Society until it rebranded on 1 March 2024. It is a member of the Building Societies Association.

Building Societies Association
The Building Societies Association (BSA) is the trade body that represents all building societies and several large credit unions in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1869 under the original name Building Societies Protection Association, with the aim of coordinating a collective response to proposed government changes that threatened stamp duty exemptions for mutual lenders.

As of 2024, the BSA represents 49 member institutions, comprising 42 building societies and 7 credit unions, which together serve approximately c. 26 million customers across the UK.

The association advocates on behalf of its members in relation to financial services regulation, legislation, and policy developments in both the UK and Europe. It also provides research, public affairs support, and guidance for the mutual sector, with a focus on ensuring a sustainable and competitive environment for member institutions.
Audru
Audru (German: Audern) is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Pärnu municipality, Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. Before the administrative reform in 2017, Audru was the administrative centre of Audru Parish. At the 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 1,492.

Populated places in Estonia
Populated places in Estonia are cities or settlement units of rural municipalities, but only cities have administrative functions. Settlement units are divided into settlements and urban regions (subdivisions of cities).

Officially there are four types of settlement unit in Estonia:

village (küla) – a sparsely populated settlement or a densely populated settlement with fewer than 300 permanent inhabitants

small borough (alevik) – a densely populated settlement with at least 300 permanent inhabitants

town (alev) – a densely populated settlement with at least 1000 permanent inhabitants

city (linn) - a densely populated settlement with at least 1000 permanent inhabitants.

As of 2024, there were 47 cities, 13 towns, 186 hamlets and 4457 villages in Estonia. There were 3 cities with under 1000 permanent inhabitants as of 2023.
Edu-Ware
Edu-Ware Services, Inc. was an educational and entertainment software publisher established in 1979 by Sherwin Steffin and Steven Pederson. It was known for adventure games, role-playing video games, and flight simulators for the Apple II.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
MacMillan Chapel
MacMillan Chapel, also known as Little White Chapel, near Nampa, Idaho, is a 1-story Carpenter Gothic church building constructed in 1899 near the corner of West MacMillan and North Cloverdale Roads in Ada County. John MacMillan had donated property for the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and congregation member Will Casey helped in the construction. The chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1984.

Albert and Hazel DeMeyer were married in the church in 1916, and they purchased both the building and the MacMillan farm in 1953. The DeMeyers donated the chapel to a nonprofit group in 1993, after the building was listed on the NRHP, and the chapel was moved to the corner of Hwy 20/26 and Star Road. Lewis and Anne McKellip purchased the building in 2004 and moved it to its present location at 18121 Dean Lane in Canyon County, near Nampa. The chapel is now part of the Still Water Hollow event venue.

Nampa, Idaho
Nampa (/ˈnæmpə/ ⓘ) is the most populous city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 100,200 at the 2020 census. It is Idaho's third-most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise metropolitan area. The name "Nampa" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning 'moccasin' or 'footprint'. According to toponymist William O. Bright, the name comes from the Shoshoni word /nampai/, meaning "foot". The city has a prominent student population, home to the College of Western Idaho and Northwest Nazarene University.
Len A. Pennacchio
Len A. Pennacchio is an American molecular biologist, the head of the Genetic Analysis Program and the Genomic Technologies Program at the Joint Genome Institute in Walnut Creek, California.

Pennacchio did his undergraduate studies at Sonoma State University and then went on to graduate studies at Stanford University, receiving a Ph.D. in genetics in 1998. He became a research scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 1999, and joined the Joint Genome Institute in 2003. He retains his Lawrence Berkeley affiliation as well.

Pennacchio contributed to the Human Genome Project with an analysis of human chromosome 16.
His research has also explored
gene regulation,
the genetic basis of differences in body shape between different individuals,
conserved sequences in the genome,
and
connections between junk DNA and heart disease.

In 2008, Genome Technology magazine named him as one of 30 promising young researchers in their annual "Tomorrow's PIs" edition.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the lab and served as its director until his death in 1958. Located in the Berkeley Hills, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Arakawa River (Uetsu)
The Arakawa River is a river that flows through Yamagata and Niigata prefectures in northern Japan. Its source is O-Asahidake, within the Bandai-Asahi National Park in Oguni Town, Yamagata. it flows in an approximately southwesterly direction for 73 kilometres (45 mi) before discharging into the Sea of Japan at Momozakihama in the city of Tainai, Niigata. Its tributaries include the Yokogawa and Onagawa in Yamagata and Sekigawa in Niigata. It covers a total of 1,150 km2 (440 sq mi) and has been classified as a "first-class river" by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism as being important to commerce.

Bandai-Asahi National Park
Bandai-Asahi National Park (磐梯朝日国立公園, Bandai Asahi Kokuritsu Kōen) is a national park in the Tōhoku region, Honshū, Japan. The park site straddles Fukushima Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture, and Niigata Prefecture and was designated as a national park on September 5, 1950. The park encompasses 186,404 ha of land (making it the third- largest national park in Japan), consisting of three independent units: the Dewasanzan-asahi Region, Iide Region, and Bandaiazuma-Inawashiro Region.
Mosineia
Mosineia is a genus of euthycarcinoid arthropods that lived on tidal flats of Laurentia at what is now central Wisconsin from the Middle Cambrian to the Late Cambrian.  It contains a single species, Mosineia macnaughtoni. Associated trace fossil evidence suggests that this genus spent some of its time subaerially, possibly to mate and to feed on the microbial mats that blanketed the beaches.  The genus is named after Mosinee –  the city in Marathon County, Wisconsin, near which the fossils were found.  The collecting site is known as Blackberry Hill, which is a well known Konservat-Lagerstätte that produces abundant exceptionally preserved fossils.

Subaerial
In natural science, subaerial (literally "under the air") has been used since 1833, notably in geology and botany, to describe features and events occurring or formed on or near the Earth's land surface. They are thus exposed to Earth's atmosphere. This may be contrasted with subaqueous events or features located below a water surface, submarine events or features located below a sea surface, subterranean events or features located below ground, or subglacial events or features located below glacial ice such as ice sheets.
Enrique Múgica
Enrique Múgica Herzog (20 February 1932 – 11 April 2020) was a Spanish lawyer and politician.

An opponent of Francoist Spain, he spent three years in prison. He was one of the leaders of the Spanish Socialist Party (PSOE), in Franco's time. He managed the establishment of diplomatic relations between Spain and Israel. He was a member of the PSOE, Minister of Justice (1988–1991), deputy (representing Gipuzkoa 1977–2000) and Ombudsman (2000–2010).

He was born in San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa. His father was a Basque violinist who was killed during the Civil War and his mother was a Frenchwoman of Polish Jewish origin. His brother Fernando was murdered by ETA in February 1996.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Bohner Stream
Bohner Stream (77°42′S 162°34′E﻿ / ﻿77.700°S 162.567°E﻿ / -77.700; 162.567) is a meltwater stream, 3,000 metres (3,300 yd) long, flowing north from the south end of Sollas Glacier to Priscu Stream in Taylor Valley, Victoria Land. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1996 after Lieutenant Commander Robert T. (Beez) Bohner, U.S. Navy, helicopter pilot, Squadron VXE-6, who flew Antarctic missions from 1986; was liaison with the National Science Foundation, 1989–91; and organized the first spring (WINFLY) helicopter flights to McMurdo Dry Valleys in 1991.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
Damar Thomas
Damar Thomas (born 31 December 2004) is an English boxer. He won a silver medal in the 92kg division at the 2022 Youth World Boxing Championships and a gold medal in the same weight category at the 2022 European Youth Boxing Championships. A southpaw, Thomas won the elite 92kg division at the 2023 England Boxing National Amateur Championships. He was selected to represent England in the +90 kg division at the 2025 World Boxing Championships, where he was eliminated in the quarter-finals.

2022 Youth European Boxing Championships
The 2022 Youth European Boxing Championships, the 32nd European Boxing Championships for youths aged 17 to 19, took place in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 14 to 21 April 2022. The event was organized by the European Boxing Confederation (EUBC). To participate, boxers must have been born in 2004 or 2005.
Milton Rokeach
Milton Rokeach (born in Hrubieszów as Mendel Rokicz, December 27, 1918 – October 25, 1988) was a Polish-born American social psychologist. He taught at Michigan State University, the University of Western Ontario, Washington State University, and the University of Southern California. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Rokeach as the 85th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
New Zealand Veterinary Association
The New Zealand Veterinary Association Te Pae Kīrehe (NZVA), formerly the New Zealand Veterinary Association, is a professional organisation in New Zealand.

The association was established in 1923 to "assist in the development of the profession, including the registration of veterinarians, making submissions to Parliament and other bodies, negotiating conditions of employment and to advocate veterinary training in New Zealand". In 2023, the organisation's stated purpose is "To build exceptional working lives as veterinary professionals by providing support, resources and advocacy."

As of 2023, the elected President is Kate Hill. On 29 May 2023, the organisation announced that it would use the Māori term Te Pae Kīrehe in addition to its English name in order to be more inclusive. The translation was provided by Rawinia Higgins, Chair of the Māori Language Commission (Māori: Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori).

Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori
Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori (Māori for 'Māori language commission') is an autonomous Crown entity in New Zealand set up under the Māori Language Act 1987 with the following functions:

To initiate, develop, co-ordinate, review, advise upon, and assist in the implementation of policies, procedures, measures, and practices designed to give effect to the declaration in section 3 of this Act of the Māori language as an official language of New Zealand

Generally to promote the Māori language, and, in particular, its use as a living language and as an ordinary means of communication

The functions conferred on the Commission by sections 15 to 20 of this Act in relation to certificates of competency in the Māori language

To consider and report to the Minister upon any matter relating to the Māori language that the Minister may from time to time refer to the Commission for its advice

Such other functions as may be conferred upon the Commission by any other enactment
Dixon Prentice
Dixon Wright Prentice (June 3, 1919 – July 20, 2014) was an American judge who served as an Associate Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court from 1971 to 1986.

Born in Sellersburg, Indiana, Prentice attended Indiana University, and received an LL.B. from the Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 1942. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, from 1942 to 1946, after which he practiced law in Sellersburg until his appointment to the Supreme Court of Indiana, in 1970.

During his tenure on the Court, he served as a commissioner of the National Conference on Uniform State Laws. He was also "one of the driving forces" behind the adoption of the "lazy judge rule", which enabled parties to seek the substitution of a judge who they considered to be too slow-acting in their case. Prentice resigned from the court in 1985, and died on July 20, 2014, in Tucson, Arizona at age 95.

Sellersburg, Indiana
Sellersburg is a town located within Silver Creek and Carr Townships, Clark County, Indiana, United States. It had a population of 9,310 at the time of the 2020 census. Sellersburg is located along Interstate 65, about 15 minutes north of Louisville.
Ralph Lownie
Ralph Hamilton Lownie (27 September 1924 – 28 November 2007) was a British barrister and judge.

Ralph Hamilton Lownie was born in Edinburgh on 27 September 1924 into a literary family, the son of James Hood Wilson Lownie and Jessie Helen Aitken, and educated there at George Watson's College. His maternal grandfather, Edward Hamilton Aitken, was a natural history writer, and civil servant in India, and his mother had had a book published while still a child.

In 1943 he joined the Royal Engineers and fought in the Second World War in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany.

He earned a general arts degree from the University of Edinburgh. While working he completed a PhD in homicide and diminished responsibility at the University of Kent.

In 1960, he married Claudine Lecrocq, and they had a son, the historian Andrew Lownie, and a daughter, Solange.

George Watson's College
George Watson's College is a co-educational private day school in Scotland, situated on Colinton Road, in the Merchiston area of Edinburgh. It was first established as a hospital school in 1723, became a day school in 1871, and was merged with its sister school George Watson's Ladies College in 1974. It is a Merchant Company of Edinburgh school and a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Sideromelane
Sideromelane is a vitreous basaltic volcanic glass, usually occurring in palagonite tuff, for which it is characteristic. It is a less common form of tachylite, with which it usually occurs together; however it lacks the iron oxide crystals dispersed in the glass, and therefore appears transparent and pure, with yellow-brown color, instead of tachylite opaque black. It forms at higher temperatures and with more rapid chilling. Presence of sideromelane indicates higher temperature of the lava, and solidifying of the flow closer to the vent, probably by rapid quenching in a wet environment.

Sideromelane often forms during explosions of submarine volcanoes and subglacial volcanoes, and often occurs as fragments embedded in a palagonite matrix, forming hyaloclastite deposits. Sideromelane is a mafic rock.

Iron oxide
An iron oxide is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized.  Often they are non-stoichiometric. Ferric oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of which is rust.

Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides are widespread in nature and play an important role in many geological and biological processes.  They are used as iron ores, pigments, catalysts, and in thermite, and occur in hemoglobin. Iron oxides are inexpensive and durable pigments in paints, coatings and colored concretes. Colors commonly available are in the "earthy" end of the yellow/orange/red/brown/black range. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E172.

The earliest applications of paint served purely ornamental purposes. Consequently, pigment lacking any adhesive agent—composed mainly of iron oxide was employed in prehistoric cave art around the 15,000s BC in parts of Asia.
Jean Law de Lauriston
Jean Law de Lauriston (5 October 1719 – 16 July 1797) was a French military officer and colonial administrator. He served twice as Governor General of Pondicherry. Not much is known about his life, but his contributions to the French Colonial Empire are notable.

Law was a nephew of the financier John Law, who had founded the Banque Générale and in 1719 had helped re-finance the French Indies companies.
He was a contemporary of Alivardi Khan who says about him that, "He saw with equal indignation and surprise the progress of the French and the English on the Coromandel Coast as well as in the Deccan."

Law’s son was general and diplomat Jacques Lauriston.

Coromandel Coast
13°22′00″N 80°20′00″E﻿ / ﻿13.3667°N 80.3333°E﻿ / 13.3667; 80.3333

The Coromandel Coast is a coastal region along the southeastern front of the Indian peninsula. Its delimitations are numerous, but generally admitted to be bounded by the Krishna river mouth to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Point Calimere cape to the south, and the Eastern Ghats to the west. Some may define its northern boundaries up to Ganjam. This region can be extending over an area of about 22,800 square kilometres. The coast has an average elevation of 80 metres and is backed by the Eastern Ghats, a chain of low lying and flat-topped hills.

The land of the Chola dynasty was called Cholamandalam in Tamil, literally translated as "the realm of the Cholas", from which Coromandel is derived.

In historical Muslim sources from the 12th century onward, the Coromandel Coast was notably called as Maʿbar Coast.