hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FIBA South America Under-21 Championship for Men
The FIBA South America Under-21 Championship for Men is a sporadically held basketball tournament. With the FIBA Americas Under-20 Championship having not been held since 2004 and no plans to hold it in the near future, this tournament's future is in doubt.

Colombia men's national basketball team
The Colombia national basketball team (Spanish: selección de baloncesto de Colombia) represents Colombia in men's international basketball competitions and organized and run by the Colombia Basketball Federation (Federación Colombiana de Baloncesto).

In South America, Team Colombia made some considerable improvements in the last decade but still stands in the shadow of the Big Four Basketball Powers (Team Argentina, Team Brazil, Team Venezuela and Team Uruguay). Its best result to date remains the 7th place at the 1982 FIBA World Championship where Colombia was host.
Toulouse Métropole
Toulouse Métropole (French pronunciation: [tuluz metʁɔpɔl]; Occitan: Tolosa Metropòli) is one of 20  French metropolises, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Toulouse. Located in the Haute-Garonne department, in the Occitanie region, southern France. Created in January 2015, it replaced the previous Communauté urbaine de Toulouse. With an area of 458.2 km2, and a population of 783,353 in 2018, of which 486,828 are in Toulouse proper. It is the 5th largest metropolis after Greater Paris, Aix-Marseille-Provence, Lille-Europe and Bordeaux. The annual budget is €1,4 billion (2015).

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Force concentration
Force concentration is the practice of concentrating a military force so as to bring to bear such overwhelming force against a portion of an enemy force that the disparity between the two forces alone acts as a force multiplier in favour of the concentrated forces.

Force multiplication
In military science, force multiplication or a force multiplier is a factor or a combination of factors that gives personnel or weapons (or other hardware) the ability to accomplish greater feats than without it.  The expected size increase required to have the same effectiveness without that advantage is the multiplication factor.  For example, if a technology like GPS enables a force to accomplish the same results as a force five times as large without GPS, then the multiplier is five. Such estimates are used to justify the investment for force multipliers.
Amjad Kalaf
Amjad Kalaf Mansour Al-Muntafiq (Arabic: أَمْجَد كَلَف مَنْصُور الْمُنْتَفِق; born 20 March 1991) is an Iraqi former professional footballer who played as a right winger and sometimes as a striker.

Kalaf represented Al-Kut, Al-Shorta, Al-Zawraa and Al-Talaba in the Iraqi Premier League. On the international level, Kalaf played 30 matches for Iraq, scoring against the United Arab Emirates in the 2015 AFC Asian Cup.

Kalaf played for Al-Shorta from 2007 to 2016, saving the club from relegation in 2011 with a brace against Al-Naft. He was the club's top scorer and top assist-maker in their league title win in 2013. He also scored Al-Shorta's first two goals in the AFC Cup in 2014, and is the club's seventh-highest league scorer in history.

Erbil SC
Erbil Sports Club (Kurdish: یانەی وەرزشیی ھەولێر, romanized: Yaney Werzişîy Hewlêr, Arabic: نادي أربيل الرياضي) is an Iraqi professional sports club based in the city of Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq that plays in the Iraq Stars League, the first-tier of Iraqi football.

Erbil are one of the most successful teams in Iraq, and the most successful from the Kurdish region, having won the league title 4 times. In 2012, Erbil became the first Iraqi team to reach the final of the AFC Cup, a feat they repeated in 2014 AFC Cup but lost both times.

Erbil also fields a football team in the Kurdistan Premier League, as well as a team in the majority of sports across the country.
C. Riley Snorton
C. Riley Snorton is an American scholar, author, and activist whose work focuses on historical perspectives of gender and race, specifically Black transgender identities. His publications include Nobody is Supposed to Know: Black Sexuality on the Down Low (University of Minnesota Press, 2014) and Black on Both Sides: A Racial History of Trans Identity (University of Minnesota Press, 2017). Snorton is currently Professor of English Language and Literature at the University of Chicago. In 2014 BET listed him as one of their "18 Transgender People You Should Know". Snorton is a highly sought after speaker and considered one of the leading voices in Black studies and cultural theory.

University of Minnesota Press
The University of Minnesota Press is a university press that is part of the University of Minnesota. It had annual revenues of just over $8 million in fiscal year 2018.

Founded in 1925, the University of Minnesota Press is best known for its books in social theory and cultural theory, critical theory, race and ethnic studies, urbanism, feminist criticism, and media studies.

The University of Minnesota Press also publishes a significant number of translations of major works of European and Latin American thought and scholarship, as well as a diverse list of works on the cultural and natural heritage of the state and the upper Midwest region.
Liverpool (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Liverpool was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Bootle, Liverpool Edge Hill, Liverpool Garston, Liverpool Kirkdale, Liverpool Scotland Exchange, Liverpool Toxteth, Liverpool Walton, Liverpool Wavertree, Liverpool West Derby.

Liverpool Wavertree
Liverpool Wavertree is a borough constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1997 and every election since has been won by a Labour Party candidate. It has been represented by Paula Barker since 2019.

An earlier constituency of the same name existed between 1918 and 1983, but lay further to the south-east, and was a predominantly Conservative seat.
Baháʼí Faith in Cameroon
The Baháʼí Faith in Cameroon was established when the country was separated into two colonies - British and French Cameroon. The first Baháʼí in Cameroon was Enoch Olinga, who had left his homeland of Uganda to bring the religion to British Cameroon in 1953. Meherangiz Munsiff, a young Indian woman who had moved from Britain, arrived in French Cameroon April 1954 - both Olinga and Munsiff were honoured with the title Knight of Baháʼu'lláh. In 2003 Baháʼís estimated there were 40,000 adherents of the religion in the country. The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated about 50800 Baháʼís in 2005.

Baháʼí Faith in the United Kingdom
The Baháʼí Faith in the United Kingdom started in 1898 when Mrs. Mary Thornburgh-Cropper (d. 1938), an American by birth, became the first adherent of the Baháʼí Faith in England. Through the 1930s, the number of Baháʼís in the United Kingdom grew, leading to a pioneer movement beginning after the Second World War with sixty percent of the British Baháʼí community eventually relocating. At the 2021 UK Census, there were 4,725 Baháʼís in England and Wales, making it the 17th largest religion, a decline of 6% compared to the 2011 UK Census, when there were 5,021 Baháʼís in England and Wales. In Northern Ireland, there were 281 Baháʼís recorded in the 2021 census.
Ryan Trevitt
Ryan Joseph Trevitt (born 12 March 2003) is an English professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for EFL League One club Wigan Athletic, on loan from Premier League club Brentford.

Trevitt began his professional career with Brentford in 2021 and was promoted into the first team squad in 2023.

London Senior Cup
The London Senior Cup is the County Senior Cup of the London FA.  The London Senior Cup was first won by Upton Park in 1882. Although the leading professional sides in London no longer compete, the Cup has been won in the past by the likes of Arsenal (as Royal Arsenal in 1891), Brentford, Wimbledon and Barnet. The current champions are Hanwell Town.
Theewaterskloof Local Municipality elections
The Theewaterskloof Local Municipality council consists of twenty-seven members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Fourteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in fourteen wards. At the same time, the remaining thirteen are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021, no party won a majority.

Ward (South Africa)
In South Africa, wards are geopolitical subdivisions of municipalities used for electoral purposes. Each metropolitan and local municipality is delimited by the Municipal Demarcation Board into half as many wards as there are seats on the municipal council (rounding up if there are an odd number of seats). Each ward then elects one councillor directly, and the remaining councillors are elected from party lists so that the overall party representation is proportional to the proportion of votes received by each party.

After the 2021 municipal elections, there are 4,468 wards in South Africa.
Halloween Is Grinch Night
Halloween Is Grinch Night (titled It's Grinch Night for the 1992 videocassette release and Grinch Night for the sing-a-long videocassette release) is a 1977 children's animated Halloween television special and is a prequel to the 1966 television special How the Grinch Stole Christmas! It premiered on ABC on October 28, 1977. Boris Karloff, the original voice actor for The Grinch, had died and was replaced by Hans Conried, with Thurl Ravenscroft singing as he did in the original special. The songs and score were written by Sesame Street composer Joe Raposo.

The special won the 1978 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program.

Boris Karloff
William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 – 2 February 1969), known professionally as Boris Karloff (/ˈkɑːrlɒf/), was an English actor. His portrayal of Frankenstein's monster in the horror film Frankenstein (1931), his 82nd film, established him as a horror icon, and he reprised the role for the sequels Bride of Frankenstein (1935) and Son of Frankenstein (1939). He also appeared as Imhotep in The Mummy (1932), and voiced the Grinch in, as well as narrating, the animated television special of Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966), which won him a Grammy Award.

Aside from his numerous film roles (174 films), Karloff acted in many live stage plays and appeared on dozens of radio and television programs as well. For his contribution to film and television, Karloff was awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 8 February 1960.
Arthrophaga myriapodina
Arthrophaga myriapodina is a fungus in the Entomophthorales that parasitizes the millipedes Apheloria virginiensis corrugata, Boraria infesta, and Nannaria sp. Infected millipedes typically climb to an elevated spot before death.

Nannaria
The genus Nannaria, commonly known as twisted-claw millipedes, is a genus of millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae first described by Ralph Chamberlin in 1918. In 2022, entomologists Derek Hennen, Jackson Means and Paul Marek discovered and described 17 new species, which expanded the size of Nannaria to 78, making it the largest genus of Xystodesmidae.
Shimoniikawa District, Toyama
Asahi-machi

Nyūzen-machi

Shimoniikawa (下新川郡, Shimoniikawa-gun) is a district located in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 49,118 with a density of 77.09 persons per km2. The total area is 637.19 km2.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Jack Shanafelt
Jack L. Shanafelt (c. 1931 – April 19, 2013) was an American football player. Shanafelt was born in Akron, Ohio, and lived most of his life in Tallmadge, Ohio.  He attended the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and played at the tackle position for the Penn Quakers football team. He was selected by the Associated Press and the Football Writers Association of America as a first-team player on their respective 1953 College Football All-America Teams. He then served in the United States Army during the Korean War.  He later worked for Goodrich Corporation.  He was inducted into the Penn Athletics Hall of Fame. He died in 2013 at age 81.

Tallmadge, Ohio
Tallmadge (/ˈtælmɪdʒ/ TAL-mij) is a city in eastern Summit County, Ohio, United States, with a small district in neighboring Portage County. It is a suburb of Akron and part of the Akron metropolitan area. The population was 18,394 at the 2020 census. Tallmadge was founded in 1807 and is the second-oldest city in Summit County, following Hudson, which was founded in 1799.
George W. Adams (academic)
George Worthington Adams (November 22, 1905 – November 6, 1981) was the Chairman of Commission on Extension Courses and Director of the University Extension at Harvard University from 1946 to 1949.  He was the third person to hold the position.

Born in Jacksonville, Illinois, he received a bachelor's degree from Illinois College and a master's degree and doctorate at Harvard, where he also served as secretary to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.

Adams taught at the MacMurray College for Women, and was a professor of history and dean at Colorado College.  He later went on to become the chairman of the History Department at Southern Illinois University.  He also taught American Studies in Salzburg, Austria.

Illinois College
Illinois College is a private liberal arts college in Jacksonville, Illinois. It is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the Presbyterian Church (USA). It was the second college founded in Illinois but the first to grant a degree (in 1835). It was founded in 1829 by the Yale Band, students from Yale College who traveled westward to found new colleges. It briefly served as the state's first medical school, from 1843 to 1848.
2011 Monza GP2 Series round
The 2011 Italian GP2 Series round was a GP2 Series motor race held on September 10 and 11, 2011 at Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Italy. It was the final round of the 2011 GP2 season. The race supported the 2011 Italian Grand Prix. This was the last  of the season for series, but GP2 will race a non-championship round in Abu Dhabi.

After Romain Grosjean clinched Drivers' Championship in the previous round, the contest for the Teams' title continued as Barwa Addax was only 8 points ahead DAMS in the standings, but the Spanish team won the title after the last race.

DAMS
DAMS (formerly Driot-Arnoux Motorsport, currently Driot Associés Motor Sport; racing as DAMS Lucas Oil for sponsorship reasons) is an auto racing team from France, involved in many areas of motorsport. DAMS was founded in 1988 by Jean-Paul Driot and Formula One driver René Arnoux. In 2022 it was bought by ex-F1 driver Charles Pic. It is headquartered near Le Mans, only 2 km from the Bugatti Circuit.

DAMS has enjoyed success in both drivers and team championships in multiple formula series across the world, and has helped launch the careers of several high profile drivers.
Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco
The Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco are prehistoric rock art pictographs found in the Sierra de San Francisco mountain range in Mulegé Municipality of the northern region of Baja California Sur state, in Mexico.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.
Barclay Tagg
Barclay Tagg (born December 30, 1937, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania) is an American Thoroughbred horse trainer. Tagg graduated from Pennsylvania State University with a degree in Animal Husbandry in 1961. Tagg is best known for conditioning Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Jockey Club Gold Cup winner Funny Cide. Horses in Tagg's stable have included Tiz the Law, Showing Up, and Nobiz Like Shobiz.

Formerly a steeplechase jockey, Tagg won his first race in 1972 at Old Liberty Park. He has been a journeyman trainer for many years and with Funny Cide became the first trainer to win the Kentucky Derby in his first attempt since Cam Gambolati with Spend a Buck in 1985. He won the 2020 Belmont Stakes with New York-bred Tiz the Law

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Spray-on hair
Spray-on hair or hair in a can is a hairstyling product consisting of an aerosol spray applied to balding areas of the scalp to create artificial hair covering that area. Spray-on hair generally works in one of two ways. Either it directly colors the scalp and enhances whatever hair is in the area by thickening it, or it generates hair-like filaments that cling to the scalp and existing hair.

Spray-on hair was one of the products pioneered by Ronco in the 1980s, under the name "GLH-9" (Great Looking Hair Formula #9). The product "was popular in the 1990s with 30-minute infomercials for the product on late-night cable TV", and the Ronco version sold over a half million cans. GLH came out in liquid form but contained powder particles that stuck to the follicles on the scalp.

In the documentary TV series Bald!, spray-on hair is one of the products tried by a participant on the show, which generated poor results.

Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

Attitudes towards different forms of hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, gender, or religion.
Tunisia at the 1976 Summer Olympics
During the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montréal in Canada, the Tunisian team initially competed but then joined a boycott by all but two African nations. The boycott was called due to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) allowing the New Zealand team to participate despite the recent tour of South Africa by the country's rugby union team. Sporting contact with South Africans was banned by the IOC as a consequence of the system of apartheid operated in the country.

Athletes from Cameroon, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia competed during the first three days of the Games, from 18 to 20 July, before withdrawing from the Olympics, joining a total of 33 countries mainly from Africa in the boycott.

1976 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa
In 1976 the All Blacks toured South Africa, with the blessing of the then-newly elected New Zealand Prime Minister, Rob Muldoon. Twenty-five African nations, Afghanistan, Burma, Guyana, Iraq, Sri Lanka and Syria protested against this by boycotting the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. In their view the All Black tour gave tacit support to the apartheid regime in South Africa. The five Māori players on the tour, Bill Bush, Sid Going, Kent Lambert, Bill Osborne and Tane Norton, as well as ethnic-Samoan Bryan Williams, were offered honorary white status in South Africa. Bush asserts that he was deliberately provocative toward the apartheid regime while he was there.

The All Blacks achieved a record of 18 wins and 6 losses, and they lost the test series 3–1.
Steve Tshwete Local Municipality
Steve Tshwete Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala iSteve Tshwete; Afrikaans: Steve Tshwete Munisipaliteit; Southern Ndebele: UMasipaladi weSteve Tshwete; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Steve Tshwete), formerly Middelburg Municipality, is a local municipality within the Nkangala District Municipality, in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The seat is Middelburg. The local municipality was one of the four to have passed the 2009-10 audit by the Auditor-General of South Africa, who deemed it to have a clean administration.

The municipality is named after Steve Tshwete, an ANC activist imprisoned by the apartheid authorities on Robben Island from February 1964 to 1983.

Auditor-General (South Africa)
The Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA) is an office established by the 1996 Constitution of South Africa and is one of the Chapter nine institutions intended to support democracy, although its history dates back at least 100 years.

Tsakani Maluleke took over as Auditor-General on 1 December 2020. She replaced Thembekile Makwetu who was deputy auditor-general until he took over from Terence Nombembe whose contract ended in December 2013. Nombembe, who also served as deputy auditor-general prior to his appointment, replaced Shauket Fakie on his retirement in December 2006.