hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cuisine of California
The cuisine of California reflects the diverse culture of California and is influenced largely by European American, Hispanic American  (Mexican, Latin American, Spanish), East Asian and Oceanian influences (Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese), and Western European influences (Italian, French, Portuguese), as well as the food trends and traditions of larger American cuisine.

The main trends were influenced by a combination of Mediterranean climate, geography and geology of the region's proximity to the ocean, its movie roots in Hollywood, its technology roots in Silicon Valley and the Napa wine country, as well as its major produce production. California used to be part of Mexico, which influenced the state's food.

Vietnamese cuisine
Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages originated from Vietnam. Meals feature a combination of five fundamental tastes (ngũ vị): sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and spicy. The distinctive nature of each dish reflects one or more elements (such as nutrients and colors), which are also based around a five-pronged philosophy. Vietnamese recipes use ingredients like lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, brown sugar, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, soy sauce, lime, and Thai basil leaves. Traditional Vietnamese cooking has often been characterised as using fresh ingredients, not using much dairy or oil, having interesting textures, and making use of herbs and vegetables. The cuisine is also low in sugar and is almost always naturally gluten-free, as many of the dishes are rice-based instead of wheat-based, made with rice noodles, bánh tráng rice paper wrappers and rice flour.
Katō Tsune
Katō Tsune (加藤つね), Shōju-in (松寿院) or Otsune (お安) was a Japanese female warrior (Onna-musha) from the Sengoku period. She came from the Katō clan and was the wife of the samurai warlord Okumura Nagatomi. She helped her family and the Maeda troops resist Sassa Narimasa at the siege of Suemori Castle by providing food and medical aid to injured warriors and arming herself with a naginata to fight beside them during the conflict. In 1599, right before Maeda Toshiie's death, he gave Tsune two pieces of gold in appreciation for her bravery

Sassa Narimasa
Sassa Narimasa (佐々 成政; February 6, 1536 – July 7, 1588) was a Japanese samurai lord of the Sengoku through Azuchi–Momoyama periods. He entered Oda Nobunaga's service at the age of 14 and remained in his service throughout Nobunaga's rise to power. He was a member of the so-called Echizen Sanninshu (Echizen Triumvir) along with Maeda Toshiie and Fuwa Mitsuharu. He was also known as Kura-no-suke (内蔵助).
Steam turbine locomotive
A steam turbine locomotive was a steam locomotive which transmitted steam power to the wheels via a steam turbine. Numerous attempts at this type of locomotive were made, mostly without success. In the 1930s this type of locomotive was seen as a way to both revitalize steam power and challenge the diesel locomotives then being introduced.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
Ron Backes
Ron Backes (born 18 February 1963 in St. Cloud, Minnesota) is an American retired shot putter.

His personal best throw was 21.02 metres, achieved in May 1988 in San Jose.

Competing for the Minnesota Golden Gophers track and field team, Backes won the 1986 shot put at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships with a throw of 21.01 meters.

Minnesota Golden Gophers track and field
The Minnesota Golden Gophers track and field team is the track and field program that represents University of Minnesota. The Golden Gophers compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The team is based in St. Paul, Minnesota at the University of Minnesota Track & Field Stadium.

The program is coached by Matt Bingle. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

Discus thrower Fortune Gordien has won the most NCAA titles of any Golden Gopher athlete, with three from 1946 to 1948. Minnesota won its only national team title at the men's 1948 NCAA track and field championships.
West Virginia State Society
The West Virginia State Society of Washington, D.C. (WVSS) was founded for those who live in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and have West Virginia connections.  WVSS is a non-profit organization that hosts opportunities for West Virginians located in Washington, D.C., to gather, socialize, and create a strong identity in the city.

National Conference of State Societies
The National Conference of State Societies is an umbrella organization for all societies representing states in the United States of America, as well as all of the inhabited territories of the United States and the federal district of Washington, D.C.
Trebnitz–Leipzig railway
The Trebnitz–Leipzig railway is a double track electrified main line in the German states of Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony built and originally operated by the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company. It formally starts at Trebnitz on the former border between the Duchy of Anhalt and Prussia and runs via Dessau and Delitzsch to Leipzig. The section from Bitterfeld to Leipzig is part of Line 1 of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T). Until 1871, the Zerbst–Roßlau section was called the Anhaltische Leopoldsbahn (Anhalt Leopold's railway).

Delitzsch
Delitzsch (German pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɪtʃ] ⓘ; Slavic: delč or delcz for hill) is a town in Saxony in Germany, 20 km north of Leipzig and 30 km east of Halle (Saale). With 24,850 inhabitants at the end of 2015, it is the largest town in the district of Nordsachsen.

Archaeological evidence outside the town limits points to a settlement dating from the Neolithic Age. The first documented mention of Delitzsch dates from 1166 and it later became the Elector of Saxony's residence in the 17th and 18th centuries. The old town is well preserved, with several plazas, citizens' and patrician houses, towers, a baroque castle and the town's fortifications.

Delitzsch and its surrounding area contain water areas, hiking and cycling networks and nature reserves.
Surrender (1931 film)
Surrender is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by William K. Howard, written by S.N. Behrman, and starring Warner Baxter, Leila Hyams, Ralph Bellamy, C. Aubrey Smith, and Alexander Kirkland. It is based on Axelle, a novel by Pierre Benoit. The film is widely considered to have exerted an enormous influence upon Jean Renoir's subsequent Grand Illusion.

William K. Howard
William K. Howard (June 16, 1899 – February 21, 1954) was an American film director, writer, and producer. Considered one of Hollywood's leading directors at one point, he directed over 50 films from 1921 to 1946, including The Thundering Herd (1925), The Power and the Glory (1933), Fire Over England (1937), and Johnny Come Lately (1943).
1977 Indian general election
General elections were held in India between 16 and 20 March 1977 to elect the members of the sixth Lok Sabha. The elections took place during the Emergency period, which expired on 21 March 1977, shortly before the final results were announced.

The elections resulted in a heavy defeat for the Indian National Congress (R), with the incumbent Prime Minister and INC(R) party leader Indira Gandhi losing her seat in Rae Bareli, while her son Sanjay lost his seat in Amethi. An attempt at an auto-coup failed and Morarji Desai of the Janata Party took office as the first non-Congress Prime Minister on 24 March. The call for restoration of democracy by revoking the Emergency is considered to be a major reason for the sweeping victory for the opposition Janata Alliance, At 81, Desai became the oldest man to be elected Prime Minister of India.

Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency
Rae Bareli is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is considered to be a bastion of the Indian National Congress. The first Member of Parliament was Baijnath Kureel. From 1967 to 1977, the seat was held by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, and from 2004 until her appointment to the Rajya Sabha in 2024, by Sonia Gandhi.
Kaneʻalai
Kaneʻalai (also known as Kane-a-Laʻe) was a Queen regnant of the Hawaiian island of Molokai, who lived in the 18th century. She ruled as Alii nui of Molokai.

She was a daughter of Luahiwa II (of the reigning family of Kauai) and Ka-hoʻoia-a-Pehu.

Kaneʻalai planted a mountain apple tree.

She married Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku, the king of Hawaiʻi. They had four children: Hao, Awili, Kaililoamoku, and Kumukoa the father of Kalaikuʻahulu.

After Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku died, Kaneʻalai became a wife of Kekaulike, the king of Maui. With him she had one daughter, Luahiwa, who married her half-brother Kahekili II.

It is probably because of Kaneʻalai that Kamehameha-nui, the son of Kekaulike and Kekuiapoiwa I, was raised as a young boy at Waialua, Molokaʻi, and because of her connection with Kekaulike that her son and grandsons and other chiefs of Molokaʻi went to the help of Kamehameha-nui in his fight with Kalaniʻōpuʻu.

Waialua, Hawaii
Waialua (Hawaiian pronunciation: [vɐjəˈluwə] ⓘ) is a census-designated place and North Shore community in the Waialua District on the island of Oʻahu, City & County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 4,062.

Waialua was one of the six original districts of ancient Hawaii on the island, known as moku. Waialua is a former (sugar) mill town and residential area, quite different in its quiet ambiance from nearby Haleʻiwa, which is more commercial and tourist-oriented. The Waialua Sugar Mill is the center of town and the historical base of its plantation history.

The U.S. postal code for Waialua is 96791.
Dibër District
Dibër District (Albanian: Rrethi i Dibrës) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 counties. It had a population of 86,144 in 2001, and an area of 761 km2 (294 sq mi). Located in the northeast of the country, its capital was Peshkopi. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Dibër, which is part of Dibër County.

Counties of Albania
Counties (Albanian: qarqe or qarqet), also sometimes known as prefectures (prefektura or prefekturat), are the first-level administrative subdivisions of Albania, replacing the earlier districts. Since 2000, there have been 12 counties. Since 2015, they have been divided into 61 municipalities, 373 communes, and 2,972 villages.
Filisovo, Yaroslavl Oblast
Filisovo (Russian: Фелисово) is a village in Rybinsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It is known as the birthplace of the Red Army general, Pavel Batov.

As of 1 January 2007, Filisovo had the permanent population of only 1 person. Current population number is unknown.

Pavel Batov
Pavel Ivanovich Batov (Russian: Па́вел Ива́нович Ба́тов; June 1 [O.S. May 20] 1897 – April 19, 1985) was a senior Red Army general during the Second World War and afterwards, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Batov fought in World War I, where he was awarded the Cross of St. George twice. After being wounded in 1917, he was sent to a school in Petrograd and joined the Bolsheviks. He fought in the Russian Civil War and became an advisor with the XII International Brigade during the Spanish Civil War. During World War II, Batov commanded the 51st Army in the Crimea. In 1942, he became the commander of the 3rd Army and then the 4th Tank Army, which was renamed the 65th Army. Postwar, Batov commanded the Carpathian Military District.
Scandilia gens
The gens Scandilia, also written Scantilia, was an obscure plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome.  Few members of this gens are mentioned by ancient writers, but a number are known from inscriptions.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Warta Nabada, Mogadishu
Warta Nabada Neighbourhood is a neighbourhood in the southeastern Banaadir region of Somalia. It is one of the larger neighborhoods of the capital Mogadishu. The presidential compound Villa Somalia, the Federal Parliament building and Mogadishu Stadium are all located in this neighbourhood.

Warta Nabada Neighbourhood was previously known as the Wardhigley Neighbourhood until a name change in April 2012. Zeynab Mohamed Haabzey serves as the neighbourhood commissioner.

Administrative divisions of Somalia
As Somalia is officially a federal republic, the country is divided into seven federal member states, 18 administrative regions (gobollo, singular gobol), and 72 districts. (plural degmooyin; singular degmo)
Sherry Hursey
Sherry Hursey is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Ilene Markham on the sitcom Home Improvement and her 1988–1989 stint as Paula Carson on the soap opera Days of Our Lives.

Her other television credits include The Rookies, Happy Days, The Six Million Dollar Man, The Mary Tyler Moore Show
, Rhoda, Simon & Simon, Matlock, Step by Step, Major Dad, Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, NYPD Blue and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. She also appeared in a number of television films and the theatrical films Tom and Huck (1995) and Bring It On (2000), playing the mother of Kirsten Dunst's character. In 1996, she appeared in the television film Lying Eyes.

In 2010, Hursey starred and produced the television pilot Lilly's Light, starring in the title role. The series was about Lilly (Hursey), a foster mother living in an enchanted lighthouse while raising three foster children. Actors Mindy Sterling and Fred Willard also co-starred.

Major Dad
Major Dad is an American sitcom television series created by Richard C. Okie and John G. Stephens, developed by Earl Pomerantz, that originally ran from September 17, 1989, to May 17, 1993, on CBS, starring Gerald McRaney as Major John D. MacGillis and Shanna Reed as his wife Polly. The cast also includes Beverly Archer, Matt Mulhern, Jon Cypher, Marisa Ryan, Nicole Dubuc, and Chelsea Hertford.
Death and the Maiden (The Verlaines song)
"Death and the Maiden" is a song by New Zealand rock band The Verlaines, who are one of a number of 1980s bands signed to Flying Nun Records and attributed to the Dunedin Sound. It was released as a single in 1983 and is arguably the most popular song in their discography.
The 'B' side of the record was "CD, Jimmy Jazz & Me."

"Death and the Maiden" later appeared on the 1987 album Juvenilia, which was a collection of The Verlaines' early singles and EPs.

New Zealand rock band Elemeno P released a cover version of this song on their 2005 album Trouble in Paradise. Former Pavement frontman Stephen Malkmus also recorded a version for the Flying Nun Records tribute album Under the Influence - 21 Years of Flying Nun Records in 2002. Boston band Prickly covered the song on their 1997 LP Velleity.

Dunedin sound
The Dunedin sound was a musical and cultural movement in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, in the early 1980s. It helped found indie rock as a genre. The scene is associated with Flying Nun Records, an independent label.

Bands associated with the Dunedin sound include the Chills, the Clean, the Verlaines, the Bats, Toy Love, Tall Dwarfs, Straitjacket Fits, Blam Blam Blam, Look Blue Go Purple, the 3Ds, the Dead C, Snapper, Death Ray Cafe, and Sneaky Feelings, among many others.
Marine stratocumulus
Marine stratocumulus is a type of stratocumulus cloud that form in the stable air off the west coast of major land masses. The Earth spins on its axis, which results in the Coriolis force pushing the ocean surface water away from the coast in the mid-latitudes. This results in upwelling of cold water from below that creates a pool of cool water at the surface, which in turn cools the air directly above it. The surface cooling results in a large temperature inversion at the top of the marine layer. As the temperature is cooled to the dewpoint, water vapor condenses upon available cloud condensation nuclei, and forms a cloud. The stability of the marine layer prevents deep convection, and thus stratiform clouds are formed.

Climate scientists are currently investigating the detailed structure of marine stratocumulus clouds in an attempt to understand their effect on the climate.

Upwelling
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water from deep water towards the ocean surface. It replaces the warmer and usually nutrient-depleted surface water. The nutrient-rich upwelled water stimulates the growth and reproduction of primary producers such as phytoplankton. The biomass of phytoplankton and the presence of cool water in those regions allow upwelling zones to be identified by cool sea surface temperatures (SST) and high concentrations of chlorophyll a.

The increased availability of nutrients in upwelling regions results in high levels of primary production and thus fishery production.  Approximately 25% of the total global marine fish catches come from five upwellings, which occupy only 5% of the total ocean area. Upwellings that are driven by coastal currents or diverging open ocean have the greatest impact on nutrient-enriched waters and global fishery yields.
Sree Narayana College, Nattika
Sree Narayana College, Nattika is a Government aided college in Nattika, Thrissur District of Kerala, India. It was founded in the name of Sree Narayana Guru in 1967. It is affiliated to the University of Calicut.

Narayana Guru
Sree Narayana Guru (IPA: [nɑːrɑːjɐɳɐ guˈru]) (20 August 1856 – 20 September 1928) was a philosopher, spiritual leader and social reformer in India. He led a reform movement against the injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala in order to promote spiritual enlightenment and social equality. A quote of his that defined his movement was "one caste, one religion, and one god for all human beings". He is the author of the Advaita poem Daiva Dasakam, which is one of the most used poem in Kerala for community prayer.

French philosopher and Nobel prize laureate for literature, Romain Rolland described Narayana guru as 'Jnani of Karma', noting that he exemplified how faith could be used to bring about social change.
Iran at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
Iran competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, from 24 August to 5 September 2024. This was their tenth consecutive appearance at the Summer Paralympics since 1988.

The Iranian roster featured a number of past Paralympians and Paralympic medalists, including woman shooter Sareh Javanmardi who won her fifth Paralympic medal with a gold medal, man para-athlete Saeid Afrooz who won his second Paralympic medal with a gold medal and broke World Record in Men's Javelin throw F34, powerlifter Rouhollah Rostami who won his third Paralympic medal with a gold medal and broke World Record in Men's  80kg and Iran men's national sitting volleyball team won their eighth Paralympic gold medal.

In this Paralympic games Fatemeh Hemmati won two silver medals in Archery.

Saeid Afrooz
Saeid Afrooz (Persian: سعید افروز, born 13 December 1990) is an Iranian Paralympic athlete. He represented Iran at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan and won the gold medal in the men's javelin throw F34 event.
Randy Laverty
Randy Laverty (born March 8, 1953) is a former Democratic member of the Arkansas Senate, who represented the 2nd District from 2003 through 2013. Previously he was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1995 through 2001.

Arkansas Senate
The Arkansas State Senate is the upper branch of the Arkansas General Assembly. The Senate consists of 35 members, each representing a district with about 83,000 people. Service in the state legislature is part-time, and many state senators have full-time jobs during the rest of the year. During the current term, the Senate contains twenty-eight Republicans, six Democrats and one vacancy.
Andreea Roșca
Andreea Amalia Roșca (born 20 March 1999) is a Romanian tennis player.

She has won one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour with 12 singles titles and 14 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Roșca made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2018 Bucharest Open where she received a wildcard into the singles draw and lost her first-round match to Claire Liu.

She won her first WTA 125 title at the 2022 Iași Open, in the doubles draw, partnering with Darya Astakhova.

Claire Liu
Claire Liu (Chinese: 刘婧文; pinyin: Liú Jìngwén; born May 25, 2000) is an American professional tennis player. On 30 January 2023, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 52.

Liu has won one singles title and one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as six titles in singles and one doubles title on the ITF Women's Circuit.

In 2017, she was the world No. 1 in the junior rankings, after winning the Wimbledon girls' singles title, and finishing runner-up at the French Open. Liu also won a junior Grand Slam doubles title at Wimbledon with Usue Arconada in 2016.
Much Woolton (Liverpool ward)
Much Woolton is a historic area in Liverpool, located in Merseyside, England, and part of the Liverpool Wavertree parliamentary constituency. Much Woolton is bordered by the suburbs of Allerton to the south, Hunt's Cross to the southeast, and Childwall to the north. It was historically part of Lancashire before the creation of Merseyside. The area is known for its parks and landmarks such as the Church of St Peter and St Paul.

Liverpool Wavertree
Liverpool Wavertree is a borough constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1997 and every election since has been won by a Labour Party candidate. It has been represented by Paula Barker since 2019.

An earlier constituency of the same name existed between 1918 and 1983, but lay further to the south-east, and was a predominantly Conservative seat.