hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vicars' Court, Lincoln
The Vicars’ Court or Vicars’ Choral in Lincoln, is situated in the Minster Yard to the south of Lincoln Cathedral. It was founded as a college of priests by Bishop Sutton in the late 13th century. These priests would take services in the Cathedral in the absence of the Prebendaries. The Vicars‘ Choral of Lincoln is one of eight such colleges in England, and it is also one of the earliest and best preserved. The great majority of the building survives (although not the hall and the chapel). By 1305 the hall, the kitchen and certain chambers were finished. In 1328 lay brothers were admitted and further houses were built for them During the English Civil War, the buildings were badly damaged and afterwards were converted into four houses.

Garderobe
Garderobe is a historic term for a room in a medieval castle. The Oxford English Dictionary gives as its first meaning a store-room for valuables, but also acknowledges "by extension, a private room, a bed-chamber; also a privy".

The word derives from the French garde de robes, meaning "robes (or clothing) protector". Its most common use now is as a term for a castle toilet.
Esther Fennel
Esther Fennel (born 31 December 1981) is a German former racing cyclist. She was champion of the Bavarian Mountain Championships in 2009 and 2011, and of the North Rhine-Westphalian Road Championships in 2012. She competed in the 2013 UCI women's road race in Florence. Her cycling career finished in 2014.

2013 UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race
The Women's road race of the 2013 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling event that took place on 28 September 2013 in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

The course of the race was 140.05 km (87.02 mi) from the town of Montecatini Terme to the Nelson Mandela Forum in Florence.
Description-experience gap
The description-experience gap is a phenomenon in experimental behavioral studies of decision making.  The gap refers to the observed differences in people's behavior depending on whether their decisions are made towards clearly outlined and described outcomes and probabilities or whether they simply experience the alternatives without having any prior knowledge of the consequences of their choices.

In both described and experienced choice tasks, the experimental task usually involves selecting between one of two possible choices that lead to certain outcomes. The outcome could be a gain or a loss and the probabilities of these outcomes vary. Of the two choices, one is probabilistically safer than the other. The other choice, then, offers a comparably improbable outcome. The specific payoffs or outcomes of the choices, in terms of the magnitude of their potential gains and losses, varies from study to study.

Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions of organisms, individuals, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well as the inanimate physical environment. It is the computed response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. While some behavior is produced in response to an organism's environment (extrinsic motivation), behavior can also be the product of intrinsic motivation, also referred to as "agency" or "free will".

Taking a behavior informatics perspective, a behavior consists of actor, operation, interactions, and their properties. This can be represented as a behavior vector.
Taurus Here
"Taurus Here" is the debut single by Atlanta-based Crunk&B–girl group Taurus. It was written by producer D. Smitty alongside Taurus member Domanica "Doma" Raye, and served as the lead single for Taurus's unreleased self-titled debut album. The song is also noted for its heavy sampling of Salt-n-Pepa's 1987 hit single, "Push It", which served as a tribute to the rap group.

In the week of July 2, 2005, the song debuted on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart as a Hot Shot at number 70. In its third week, the song leaped to its peak position of 16, where it was named the third song to garner greatest airplay (behind Tony Yayo's "So Seductive" and Mariah Carey's "We Belong Together"). By November 2005, the song fell off the chart, spending a total of 18 weeks.

Tony Yayo
Marvin Bernard (born March 31, 1978), better known by his stage name Tony Yayo, is an American rapper. He is best known as a member of G-Unit, a hip hop group he formed with his childhood friends, 50 Cent and Lloyd Banks. Yayo released his debut studio album, Thoughts of a Predicate Felon, on August 30, 2005, which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200. After eighteen years of not releasing a sophomore follow-up due to his association with G-Unit, Yayo returned with The Loyal Mixtape, which released on February 10, 2023.

His stage name is derived from the 1983 film, Scarface, referencing the main character Tony Montana, and yayo, a slang word for cocaine.
Battle of Agua Prieta
The Battle of Agua Prieta could refer to:

First Battle of Agua Prieta in April 1911, during the Mexican Revolution, or

Second Battle of Agua Prieta on November 1 of 1915, during the Mexican Revolution.

Second Battle of Agua Prieta
The Second Battle of Agua Prieta, 1 November 1915, was fought between the forces of Pancho Villa and those of the future President of Mexico, Plutarco Elías Calles, a supporter of Venustiano Carranza, at Agua Prieta, Sonora, as part of the Mexican Revolution. Villa's attack on the town was repulsed by Calles. The battle helped to establish Carranza's control over Mexico and directly led to his becoming, with United States recognition, president. Villa believed that Calles had received tactical and strategic support from the United States since the town is located across the border from Douglas, Arizona and launched his raid on Columbus, New Mexico partly as a reprisal.
BigAirBAG
BigAirBAG is a Dutch sports equipment manufacturer which produces a large, inflatable cushion. The company's product, also called BigAirBAG (BAB), is intended to soften and secure the impact from landing tricks as part of a variety of extreme sports including snowboarding, skiing, BMX, mountain biking, mountain boarding and indoor climbing.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Christian Cœurveillé
Christian Cœurveillé (born 26 March 1968) is a French former rugby union international.

Born in Rodez, Cœurveillé was a centre, originally from FC Lourdes. He joined a strong SU Agen team in the late 1980s and was a member of the club's Challenge Yves du Manoir title win in 1992.

Cœurveillé was capped twice by France on the 1992 tour of Argentina, featuring in both Tests against the Pumas.

From 1993 to 2001, Cœurveillé played his rugby for Biarritz Olympique.

Rodez
Rodez (French pronunciation: [ʁɔdɛs] ⓘ, [ʁɔdɛz] ⓘ, locally: [ʁoˈðɛs]; Occitan: Rodés, [ruˈðes]) is a small city and commune in the South of France, about 150 km (93 mi) northeast of Toulouse. It is the prefecture of the department of Aveyron, region of Occitania (formerly Midi-Pyrénées). Rodez is the seat of the communauté d'agglomération Rodez Agglomération, of the First Constituency of Aveyron as well as of the general Council of Aveyron.

Former capital of the Rouergue, the city is seat of the Diocese of Rodez and Vabres.
Turnier
Turnier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alain Turnier (died 1991), Haitian historian

Luce Turnier (1924–1994), Haitian painter and collage artist

Mathias Le Turnier (born 1995), French cyclist

Luce Turnier
Luce Turnier (February 24, 1924 – 1994) was a Haitian painter and collage artist. One of Haiti's leading artists, Turnier achieved international renown for her fusion of Haitian culture and modernist style.
Murder At Sorrow's Crown
Murder At Sorrow's Crown is a mystery pastiche novel written by Steven Savile and Robert Greenberger, featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson, set shortly after the First Boer War.

Titan Books published the book in 2016, as part of its Further Adventures series, which collects a number of noted Holmesian pastiches, as well as original material.

First Boer War
The First Boer War (Afrikaans: Eerste Vryheidsoorlog, lit. 'First Freedom War'),  was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom  and Boers of the Transvaal (as the South African Republic was known while under British administration). The war resulted in a Boer victory and eventual independence of the South African Republic. The war is also known as the First Anglo–Boer War, the Transvaal War or the Transvaal Rebellion.
Music for Torching
Music for Torching is a 1999 novel by American writer A. M. Homes. It is about a dysfunctional suburban family in the contemporary United States. The book deals with issues including sex, infidelity, social consciousness, and school violence. It is one of Homes' most critically acclaimed books.

School violence
School violence includes violence between school students as well as attacks by students on school staff and attacks by school staff on students. It encompasses physical violence, including student-on-student fighting, corporal punishment; psychological violence such as verbal abuse, and sexual violence, including rape and sexual harassment. It includes many forms of bullying (including cyberbullying) and carrying weapons to school. The one or more perpetrators typically have more physical, social, and/or psychological power than the victim. It is a widely accepted serious societal problem in recent decades in many countries, especially where weapons such as guns or knives are involved.
John Hiestand (actor)
John "Bud" Hallam Hiestand, also known as Bud Hallam (January 16, 1907 – February 5, 1987) was an American actor and announcer. He began his career acting on radio in the early 1930s and soon also began work as an announcer in shows and commercials. During World War II, he worked for the U.S. Office of War Information, becoming chief of theater operations in the southwest Pacific. After the war, he continued to appear as a radio announcer, but also acted in films and TV series from the 1930s to the 1980s, sometimes in the roles of narrator or radio or TV announcer.

Frontier Doctor
Frontier Doctor is an American Western television series starring Rex Allen that aired in syndication from September 26, 1958, until June 20, 1959. The series was also known as Unarmed and Man of the West.
Premature greying of hair
Premature greying of hair is the process of greying of hair occurring at an unusually early age. It can have negative effects on self-confidence, self-esteem, and social acceptance of the affected individual. Hair is said to have greyed prematurely if it occurs before the age of 20 years in Europeans, before 25 years in Asians, and before 30 years in Africans.

Demographics of Africa
The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries. 
Total population as of 2017 is estimated at more than 1.25 billion, with a growth rate of more than 2.5% p.a. 
The most populous African country is Nigeria with 191 million inhabitants as of 2017 and a growth rate of 2.6% p.a.
Agard
Agard is a surname that may have several origins. Its variants are Ågård/Aagaard and  Aagard. Notable people with the surname include:

Allman Agard (1907–1981), Trinidadian cricket player

Brenda Agard (1961–2012), British artist

David Agard (fl. 1975–2021), American biochemist

Emily Agard (fl. 2018–2021), Canadian scientific scholar

Erik Agard (fl. 2018–present), American crossword puzzler

Ernesto Agard (born 1937), Panamanian basketball player

John Agard (born 1949), playwright, poet and children's writer from Guyana

Laura Agard (born 1989), French football player

Melissa Agard (born 1969), American politician

Kieran Agard (born 1989), English football player

Nadema Agard (born 1948), American artist

Sandra Agard (fl. 2019–2022), British storyteller and writer

Terrence Agard (born 1990), Dutch sprinter

Roger Bonair-Agard (fl. 1987–2021), Trinidadian-American poet

Brenda Agard
Brenda Patricia Agard (20 August 1961 – 29 October 2012) was a Black-British photographer, artist, poet and storyteller who was most active in the 1980s, when she participated in some of the first art exhibitions organized by Black-British artists in the United Kingdom. Agard's work focused on creating "affirming images centred on the resilience of the Black woman," according to art historian Eddie Chambers.
Salutation (ballet)
Salutation was a modern dance solo choreographed by Martha Graham to music by Lehman Engel. It premiered on April 7, 1936, at Philharmonic Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. Subtitled Dance of Greeting, the work was performed by the choreographer.

Graham performed ten other pieces on the all-solo program: Lamentation, Frontier, Satyric Festival Song, Building Motif from Horizons, Imperial Gesture, Sarabande, Act of Piety, Ekstasie, Frenetic Rhythm (No.3) and Harlequinade.

Salutation-Dance of Greeting did not remain in the Martha Graham Dance Company repertory. The choreography and other details of the piece are lost. Graham also created other dances with the same name, including a 1930 work set to music by Arthur Honegger (originally called Prelude to a Dance) and a 1932 piece with music by Carlos Chávez (originally called Prelude).

Arthur Honegger
Oscar-Arthur Honegger (French: [aʁtyʁ ɔnɛɡɛʁ]; 10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. Honegger was a member of Les Six. For Halbreich, Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher is "more even than Le Roi David or Pacific 231, his most universally popular work".
Pucker Up Stakes
The Pucker Up Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race for 3-year-old fillies held annually in early August at Ellis Park Race Course near Henderson, Kentucky. A Listed event, it is contested over a distance of 9 furlongs (1 1/8 miles) on turf.

The race was named in honor of Ada L. Rice's filly, Pucker Up. Pucker Up was one of five champions trained by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer James P. Conway.

The race was inaugurated in 1961 and was run on the main track until 1974 and again in 1976. In 1974-5, it was run at 1+1⁄16 miles; in 1979 and 1986, the distance was 1+3⁄16 miles.

After the closure of Arlington Park in 2022 the event was scheduled to be moved to Churchill Downs, however the event was cancelled by Churchill Downs in an effort to limit racing on their newly laid turf course.

In 2023, the event was moved to Ellis Park and resumed running annually.

In 2026 the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association downgraded the event from Grade III to Listed.

Henderson, Kentucky
Henderson is a home rule-class city along the Ohio River and the county seat of Henderson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 29,781 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is part of the Evansville–Henderson, Indiana–Kentucky Combined Statistical Area, locally known as the "Tri-State Area," and is considered the southernmost suburb of Evansville, Indiana.
Deaths in September 2020
The following is a list of notable deaths in September 2020.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
1962 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 22
The 1962 Tour de France was the 49th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between from 24 June and 15 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4,274 km (2,656 mi). After more than 30 years, the Tour was again contested by trade teams. Frenchman Jacques Anquetil defended his title, winning his third Tour de France.

Briançon
Briançon (French: [bʁijɑ̃sɔ̃] ⓘ, Occitan: [bɾjanˈsun]) is the sole subprefecture of the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is the highest city in France at an altitude of 1,326 metres (4,350 feet), based on the national definition as a community containing more than 2,000 inhabitants. It has about 11,000 inhabitants.

Briançon has been part of the Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Sites since they were established in 2008.
Kong Hwa School
Kong Hwa School (abbreviation: KHS; Chinese: traditional Chinese: 光華學校; simplified Chinese: 光华学校; pinyin: Guānghuá Xuéxiào) is a co-educational Special Assistance Plan (SAP) primary school located on Guillemard Road in the Mountbatten area of Singapore. It is one of the six schools affiliated with the Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan, the others being Tao Nan School, Ai Tong School, Chongfu Primary School, Nan Chiau Primary School, and Nan Chiau High School.

Kong Hwa School established the Bi-Cultural Enrichment Programme (BiCEP) in 2007, encouraging students to learn another language and become bilingual.

Special Assistance Plan
The Special Assistance Plan (SAP; Chinese: 特别辅助计划; pinyin: Tèbié Fǔzhù Jìhuà) is a programme in Singapore introduced in 1979 which caters to academically strong students who excel in both their mother tongue as well as English. It is available only in selected primary and secondary schools. In a SAP school, several subjects may be taught in the mother tongue, alongside other subjects that are taught in English. Although SAP schools can theoretically be in any of the mother tongues of Singapore, only those catering to those studying Mandarin as their mother tongue currently exist.
Milnor conjecture (knot theory)
In knot theory, the Milnor conjecture says that the slice genus of the  torus knot is

It is in a similar vein to the Thom conjecture.

The conjecture (named after John Milnor) was first proved by gauge theoretic methods by Peter Kronheimer and Tomasz Mrowka. Jacob Rasmussen later gave a purely combinatorial proof using Khovanov homology, by means of the s-invariant.

John Milnor
John Willard Milnor (born February 20, 1931) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, algebraic K-theory and low-dimensional holomorphic dynamical systems. Milnor is a distinguished professor at Stony Brook University and the only mathematician to have won the Fields Medal, the Wolf Prize, the Abel Prize and all three Steele prizes.
Catherington Down
Catherington Down is a 12.8-hectare (32-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Catherington in Hampshire. It is also a Local Nature Reserve

This western sloping site is chalk grassland with prominent lynchet strips dating to the Middle Ages. It is managed by grazing and has a variety of chalk herbs, such as pyramidal orchid, round-headed rampion and autumn lady's-tresses. There is also a narrow belt of woodland.

There is access by footpaths from Catherington Lane.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
Alvydas Pazdrazdis
Alvydas Pazdrazdis (born 20 July 1972) is a Lithuanian former basketball player from Kretinga, Lithuania, who won the bronze medal with the Lithuania national basketball team at the 1992 Summer Olympics.  He is currently a scout for the Dallas Mavericks. His former clubs include Statyba Vilnius, Neptūnas Klaipėda and Sakalai Vilnius. He retired as a player at the age of 28. In June 2011, he became an NBA champion as a scout with the Dallas Mavericks. He played collegiately at McNeese State University.

Kretinga
Kretinga (Yiddish: קרעטינגע) is a city in Klaipėda County, in north-western Lithuania. It is the capital of the Kretinga District Municipality. It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Palanga, and about 21 km (13 mi) north of Lithuania's 3rd largest city and principal seaport, Klaipėda.

The population was listed as 16,996 in the 2022 census. It is the 6th largest town in the ethnographic region of Samogitia and the 17th largest town in Lithuania.
Vectaerovenator
Vectaerovenator (meaning "Isle of Wight air-filled hunter" due to the pneumaticity of the vertebrae) is a genus of tetanuran theropod from the Early Cretaceous period of what is now England (Lower Greensand Group; Ferruginous Sands). It contains one species, Vectaerovenator inopinatus; its holotype, consisting of the specimens IWCMS 2020.400, 2020.407, and 2019.84, comprises two anterior dorsal vertebrae, a cervical vertebra and a mid‐caudal vertebra from the late Aptian Ferruginous Sands of the Isle of Wight in southern England, discovered in 2019. Comparative anatomical analysis shows that this taxon shares homoplastic features with megalosauroids, carcharodontosaurs, and some coelurosaurs, and cannot be reliably placed beyond Tetanurae incertae sedis, but has enough autapomorphies that it can be considered a valid genus.

Autapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon.  That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may be a species, family or in general any clade). It can therefore be considered  as an apomorphy in relation to a single taxon. The word autapomorphy, introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig, is derived from the Ancient Greek words αὐτός (autós), meaning "self"; ἀπό (apó), meaning "away from"; and μορφή (morphḗ), meaning "shape, form".