hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A. V. Rockwell
A. V. Rockwell (born Alina Victoria Rockwell) is an American film director. In 2023, she made her directorial feature film debut with the film A Thousand and One, which gave her a Gotham Award, a Black Reel Award, an Independent Spirit Award, a Director's Guild nomination, and nominations at the NAACP Image Awards.

NAACP Image Awards
The NAACP Image Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the American-based National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to honor outstanding performances in film, television, theatre, music, and literature. Over 40 categories of the Image Awards are voted on by the NAACP members. Honorary awards (similar to the Academy Honorary Award) have also been included, such as the President's Award, the Chairman's Award, the Entertainer of the Year, the Activist of the Year, and the Hall of Fame Award. Beyoncé is the most awarded individual with 25 wins as a solo artist.
Enugu State University of Science and Technology
The Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) is a university in Nigeria that was founded as Anambra State University of Technology (ASUTECH) on 30 July 1980, during the administration of Chief Dr Jim Ifeanyichukwu Nwobodo. The creation of Enugu State out of Anambra State in 1991 by the then Military President General Ibrahim Gbadamasi Babangida, transformed ASUTECH into Enugu State University of Science and Technology.

Pro-chancellor
A pro-chancellor is an officer of some universities in Commonwealth countries and Hong Kong. The pro-chancellor acts as a deputy to the chancellor and as practical chairman of the university council. In this role, a pro-chancellor may fulfil a number of formal and informal functions, such as presiding over conferment of degrees, regulatory oversight of the university, and facilitating partnerships or relationships in other settings. The actual chief executive of a university is the vice-chancellor.
ISTSat-1
The ISTSat-1 is a Portuguese nanosatellite developed by students and researchers of the Instituto Superior Técnico (University of Lisbon), that was launched into orbit on 9 July 2024, aboard the Ariane 6 maiden flight. The project is part of the European Space Agency's "Fly Your Satellite!" programme. It is the third Portuguese satellite in space, after the PoSAT-1 and the AEROS MH-1, and the first to have been entirely designed and built in Portugal.

The ISTSat-1 is a CubeSat developed to optimise and complement aircraft surveillance systems by demonstrating the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) aircraft detection technology in orbit. Its mission lifetime is expected to be 12 months.

University of Lisbon
The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; Portuguese: Universidade de Lisboa) is a public research university in Lisbon, and Portugal's largest university. It was founded in 1911, but the university's present structure dates to the 2013 merger of the former University of Lisbon (1911–2013) and the Technical University of Lisbon (1930–2013).
Nachalo, Voronezh Oblast
Nachalo (Russian: Начало) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Novopostoyalovskoye Rural Settlement, Rossoshansky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,832 as of 2010. There are 33 streets.

Rossoshansky District
Rossoshansky District  (Russian: Россоша́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,371 square kilometers (915 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Rossosh. Population: 88,923 (2021 Census); 94,694 (2010 Census); 31,750 (2002 Census); 32,126 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Rossosh accounts for 68.5% of the district's total population.
Broadmeadow Racecourse
Broadmeadow Racecourse is an Australian racecourse for horse racing in the Newcastle suburb of Broadmeadow. It was opened on 27th of April, 1907 by the Newcastle Jockey Club on land acquired from the Australian Agricultural Company. It replaced a racecourse at Hamilton.

Notable races held at Broadmeadow are the Cameron Handicap, Newcastle Gold Cup, Newcastle Newmarket Handicap, Spring Stakes and Tibbie Stakes.

Australian Agricultural Company
The Australian Agricultural Company (AACo) is a public-listed Australian company that, as of 2018, owns and operates feedlots and farms covering around seven million hectares (17 million acres) of land in Queensland and the Northern Territory, roughly one percent of Australia's land mass. As of July 2008 AACo had a staff of 500 and operated 24 cattle stations and two feedlots, consisting of over 565,000 beef cattle.

Since 2022, more than half the shares of AACo have been owned by the Tavistock Group, the investment vehicle of Joe Lewis.
Mining in Greenland
Mining has had a small impact on the economy of Greenland. Since 2010, governance over the sector has been under the authority of the Naalakkersuisut (Government of Greenland), following self-rule in 2009. Greenland's deposits of critical minerals, such as rare-earth elements used in electric vehicles and wind turbines, as well as nickel and cobalt for battery production, have drawn attention from governments in the United States and Europe, which are seeking to reduce dependence on China and ensure stable supplies for technological and defense needs.

Greenland contains deposits of coal, diamonds, and a range of metals, including silver, nickel, platinum, copper, molybdenum, iron, niobium, tantalum, uranium, and rare-earth elements. However, as of 2011, these deposits were not commercially viable, although Greenland's Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum continued efforts to promote the territory as a destination for mineral exploration.

Critical raw materials
Critical raw materials  (CRM), also referred to as critical materials or critical minerals, are raw materials designated by governments as critical for their economies. There is no single list of such materials, as the list varies from country to country, as does the definition of "critical". Critical raw materials usually include technology-critical elements, rare-earth elements, and/or strategic materials. Demand has risen and prices have dropped for some critical minerals, due to the demand driven by the expansion of renewable energy technologies.
Wolfeboro Falls, New Hampshire
Wolfeboro Falls is an unincorporated community in the town of Wolfeboro in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. It is located 0.5 miles (0.8 km) north of the center of Wolfeboro, on the strip of land separating Front Bay (connecting to Lake Winnipesaukee) from Crescent Lake (connecting to Lake Wentworth).  The stream connecting the two lakes, known as the "Smith River", drops 28 feet (8.5 m) over its 0.3-mile (0.5 km) course.

New Hampshire Route 28 passes through the village, leading to Ossipee to the north and Alton to the south.  New Hampshire Route 109A leaves Route 28 at the center of the village, heading northwest towards Center Tuftonboro and Melvin Village.

Wolfeboro Falls has a ZIP code of 03896, different from the rest of the town of Wolfeboro.

Alton, New Hampshire
Alton is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States.  The population was 5,894 at the 2020 census, up from 5,250 at the 2010 census. It is home to Alton Bay State Forest and Mount Major State Forest.

The primary settlement in town, where 499 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Alton census-designated place (CDP) and is centered on the intersection of New Hampshire Route 11 and New Hampshire Route 140. The town also includes the village of Alton Bay, a long-time resort located beside Lake Winnipesaukee.
Concholepas concholepas
Concholepas concholepas, the Chilean abalone or Peruvian tolina, is a species of large edible sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk. Despite the superficial resemblance, C. concholepas is not a true abalone (a species in the family Haliotidae), but a member of the family Muricidae, also known as murex snails or rock snails. This species is native to the coasts of Chile and Peru, where it is called loco (a Chilean Spanish loanword from Mapudungun), pata de burro, tolina, or chanque (Peruvian Spanish).

Due to overfishing, the harvesting of this species in Chile has been limited by law since 1989.

Chilean Spanish
Chilean Spanish (Spanish: español chileno or castellano chileno) is any of several varieties of the Spanish language spoken in most of Chile. Chilean Spanish dialects have distinctive pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and slang usages that differ from those of Standard Spanish, with various linguists identifying Chilean Spanish as one of the most divergent varieties of Spanish.

The Royal Spanish Academy recognizes 2,214 words and idioms exclusively or mainly produced in Chilean Spanish, in addition to many still unrecognized slang expressions. Formal Spanish in Chile has recently incorporated an increasing number of colloquial elements.
Paavolainen
Paavolainen is a Finnish language patronymic surname derived from the first name Paavo. Notable people with the surname include:

Pekka Paavolainen (1868–1930), Finnish lawyer, civil servant and politician

Erkki Paavolainen (1890–1930), Finnish journalist, educationist and politician

Jaakko Paavolainen (1927–2007), Finnish historian

Erkki Paavolainen
Erkki Paavolainen (17 May 1890 in Kivennapa – 18 March 1960 in Helsinki) was a Finnish journalist, educationist and politician. He was Minister of Social Affairs from 3 March to 20 October 1932. Paavolainen served as a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1924 to 1927, from 1929 to 1933, from 1936 to 1947 and again from 1948 to 1951, representing the National Coalition Party. He was the younger brother of Pekka Paavolainen and the father of Jaakko Paavolainen.
Moose Mountain
Moose Mountain refers to:

Moose Mountain (Alaska), USA

Moose Mountain (Minnesota), USA

Moose Mountain (New Hampshire), USA

Moose Mountain (Benson, New York), an elevation located in Hamilton County, New York

Moose Mountain (Hamilton County, New York), an elevation

Moose Mountain (Wells, New York), an elevation in Hamilton County, New York

Moose Mountain (Wyoming), Teton Range, Wyoming, USA

Moose Mountain (Alberta), Canada

Moose Mountain (electoral district), a former federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada

Moose Mountain Provincial Park in Saskatchewan, Canada

Rural Municipality of Moose Mountain No. 63, Saskatchewan, Canada

Moose Mountain Upland, a plateau in southern Saskatchewan

Moose Mountain Creek, a river in Saskatchewan

Moose Mountain Lake, a lake in Saskatchewan

Moose Mountain (federal electoral district)
Moose Mountain was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1948 to 1968. This riding was created in 1947 from parts of Assiniboia, Qu’Appelle  and Weyburn ridings

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was merged into Qu'Appelle—Moose Mountain riding.
1996 Meta Styrian Open – Doubles
Silvia Farina and Andrea Temesvári were the defending champions but did not compete that year.

Janette Husárová and Natalia Medvedeva won in the final 6–4, 7–5 against Lenka Cenková and Kateřina Šišková.

Kateřina Sisková
Kateřina Sisková (Kateřina Kroupová, born 20 February 1974) is a former professional Czech tennis player.

In her career she won eight singles and 12 doubles titles on the ITF circuit. On 4 January 1993, she reached her best singles ranking of world number 58. On 7 August 1995, she peaked at number 104 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Her daughter Anna Sisková is also a professional tennis player.
Evan Whildin
Evan Herbert Whildin (January 20, 1950 – July 12, 2000) was an American businessman in the firearms industry; a former Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms agent; and a firearms cartridge designer. He was vice president and general manager of Philadelphia's Action Arms firearms company, and while working for them developed the .50 AE cartridge (famous in the Desert Eagle pistol) in 1988, and the 9mm AE (1988) and .41 AE (1986) cartridges.

Whildin was born on January 20, 1950 in Coaldale, Pennsylvania. He died on July 12, 2000 in Tamaqua, Pennsylvania at the age of 50.

Tamaqua, Pennsylvania
Tamaqua (/təˈmɑːkwə/, Delaware: tëmakwe) is a borough in eastern Schuylkill County in the Coal Region of Pennsylvania, United States. It had a population of 6,934 as of the 2020 U.S. census.

Tamaqua was established from territory from West Penn and Schuylkill Townships. The borough is part of the micropolitan statistical area of Pottsville.

Tamaqua is located 37.8 miles (60.8 km) northwest of Allentown, 87 miles (140 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 125.5 miles (202.0 km) west of New York City.
1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 1997 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 10 at the NISHI Civic Pool.  The last champion was Scott Miller of Australia.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.

Butterfly stroke
Butterfly (shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum on the front, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick") along with the movement of the hips and chest.

It is the newest swimming style swum in competition, first swum in the early 1950s and originating from breaststroke.

For most competitive swimmers, butterfly is the second fastest stroke, only slower than front crawl.
William F. Stone
William Francis Stone (September 29, 1909 – August 18, 1973) was Virginia lawyer and member of the Virginia General Assembly. He represented Martinsville as well as Patrick and Henry Counties between 1954 and 1957, He first served as a delegate and was then elected to a partial senate term in a special 1957 special election following the death of Frank P. Burton. A member of the Byrd Organization, Stone was also a member of the Boatwright Committee which investigated the NAACP as part of the Massive Resistance to racial integration vowed by U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd after the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Brown v. Board of Education.

Henry County, Virginia
Henry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,948. The county seat is tradtionally identified as Martinsville; however it is essentially a ghost seat, as the administration building (where county offices are located and where the board of supervisors holds meetings), county courthouse, and Henry County Sheriff's Office are located on Kings Mountain Road (SR 174) in Collinsville.The Henry County Adult Detention Center is located on DuPont Road in Henry County, just south of Martinsville.

Henry County is part of the Martinsville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Bauer maximum principle
Bauer's maximum principle is the following theorem in mathematical optimization:

Any function that is convex and continuous, and defined on a set that is convex and compact, attains its maximum at some extreme point of that set.

It is attributed to the German mathematician Heinz Bauer.

Bauer's maximum principle immediately implies the analogue minimum principle:

Any function that is concave and continuous, and defined on a set that is convex and compact, attains its minimum at some extreme point of that set.

Since a linear function is simultaneously convex and concave, it satisfies both principles, i.e., it attains both its maximum and its minimum at extreme points.

Bauer's maximization principle has applications in various fields, for example, differential equations and economics.

Concave function
In mathematics, a concave function is one for which the function value at any convex combination of elements in the domain is greater than or equal to that convex combination of those domain elements. Equivalently, a concave function is any function for which the hypograph is convex. The class of concave functions is in a sense the opposite of the class of convex functions. A concave function is also synonymously called concave downwards, concave down, convex upwards, convex cap, or upper convex.
Why Did I Get Married? (play)
Why Did I Get Married? (He Proposed to Me) is a 2003 American stage play created, written, produced and directed by Tyler Perry. It originally starred Kelly Price as Sheila and LaVan Davis as Poppy. The live performance, featuring Cheryl Pepsii Riley as Shelia, released on DVD on June 27, 2006 was recorded live in Atlanta at The Ferst Center for the Arts at Georgia Institute of Technology in December 2005. It was released on DVD alongside Madea Goes to Jail and Madea's Family Reunion.

Ferst Center for the Arts
The Ferst Center for the Arts, located in Atlanta, Georgia, is Georgia Tech's theater and arts center and is adjacent to DramaTech, the student-run theater. It contains a 950-seat auditorium that features a proscenium stage, orchestra pit, and theatrical lighting and sound systems.
Cape Muroto
Cape Muroto (室戸岬, Muroto-misaki) is a headland at the southeastern tip of the Japanese island of Shikoku, in the city of Muroto, Kōchi Prefecture. Extending into the Pacific Ocean and situated in Muroto UNESCO Global Geopark within Muroto-Anan Kaigan Quasi-National Park, the cape has been designated a Place of Scenic Beauty and the local vegetation a Natural Monument, while the Sound of the Waves at Cape Muroto and Mikurodo Cave is among the 100 Soundscapes of Japan.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
1976 6 Hours of Vallelunga
The 1976 Six Hours of Vallelunga was the second round of the 1976 World Championship for Makes. It took place at the Vallelunga Circuit, Italy on  4 April 1976 and was contested by Group 5 Special Production Cars and Group 4 Grand Touring Cars.

Vallelunga Circuit
The Autodromo di Vallelunga Piero Taruffi is a racing circuit situated 32-kilometre (20 mi) north of Rome, Italy, near Vallelunga of Campagnano. Vallelunga was built as a 1.773 km (1.102 mi) sand oval in 1951.
Acceptable daily intake
Acceptable daily intake or ADI is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (originally applied for a food additive, later also for a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) daily over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk. ADIs are expressed usually in milligrams (of the substance) per kilograms of body weight per day.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
Lorenza Colzato
Lorenza S. Colzato (born 20 September 1974) is an Italian cognitive psychologist who is best known for the attention she received in the mainstream media in the Netherlands for multiple incidents of scientific misconduct. Her research "aims to understand the neural and neuromodular underpinnings of cognitive control in humans."

Scientific misconduct
Scientific misconduct refers to violations of ethical and professional standards in research, including fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and other practices that compromise the integrity of the design, conduct, analysis, reporting, or publication of scientific or research findings.
Krajna dialect
The Krajna dialect (Polish: gwara krajeńska) belongs to the Greater Poland dialect group and is located in the north-western part of Poland. It borders the Bory Tucholskie dialect to the northeast, the Northern Greater Polish dialect to the south, and the Kashubian language to the north. Due to its position, it is a transitional dialect and shares many features with neighboring dialects and languages, and is very diverse.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Clenbuterol
Clenbuterol is a sympathomimetic amine used by sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. People with chronic breathing disorders such as asthma use this as a bronchodilator to make breathing easier. It is most commonly available as the hydrochloride salt, clenbuterol hydrochloride.

It was patented in 1967 and came into medical use in 1977.

Sympathomimetic drug
Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones. Sympathomimetic drugs are used to treat cardiac arrest and low blood pressure, delay premature labor, psychiatric conditions such as ADHD, neurological conditions such as narcolepsy, among other things.

These drugs can act through several mechanisms, such as directly activating postsynaptic receptors, blocking breakdown and reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, or stimulating production and release of catecholamines.
Naval regions and districts of the Kriegsmarine
Naval regions and districts were the official shore establishment of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The Kriegsmarine shore establishment was divided into four senior regional commands, who were in turn subordinated to the operational Navy Group commanders who commanded all sea and shore naval forces within a particular geographical region. Within each naval region were several subordinate naval districts who were responsible for all navy shore activities within their area of responsibility, most significantly were the various German ports of occupied Europe.

Erich Förste
Erich Förste (11 February 1892 – 10 July 1963) was a German naval officer who served in the Kaiserliche Marine, the Reichsmarine and the Kriegsmarine, eventually reaching the rank of Admiral during World War II.