hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heights of presidents and presidential candidates of the United States
A record of the heights of the presidents and presidential candidates of the United States is useful for evaluating what role, if any, height plays in presidential elections in the United States. Some observers have noted that the taller of the two major-party candidates tends to prevail, and argue this is due to the public's preference for taller candidates.

The tallest U.S. president was Abraham Lincoln at 6 feet 4 inches (193 centimeters), while the shortest was James Madison at 5 feet 4 inches (163 centimeters).

Donald Trump, the current president, is 6 feet 3 inches (191 centimeters) tall, according to the White House physician (as of April 2025). JD Vance, the current vice president, is reportedly 6 feet 2 inches (188 centimeters) tall. Trump's height is disputed and is generally considered shorter than official reports suggest.

Physician to the President
The physician to the president is the formal and official title of the physician whom the president of the United States chooses to be their personal physician. The physician to the president and the director of the White House Medical Unit are separate positions, a unit of the White House Military Office responsible for the medical needs of the president of the United States, vice president, White House staff, and visitors. The physician to the president is also the chief White House physician.
Giorgio Lamberti (tenor)
Giorgio Lamberti (born July 9, 1938) is an Italian operatic tenor. He made his professional debut at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in 1964 as Henri in Les vêpres siciliennes. He returned to that theatre the following year to star in the world premiere of Mario Zafred’s Wallenstein. In 1965 he made his American debut at the Lyric Opera of Chicago as Radames in Giuseppe Verdi's Aida. In 1974 he made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera as Cavaradossi in Tosca, and in 1979 he gave his first performance at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in the title role of Don Carlos. He has sung leading roles internationally at such theaters as La Scala, the Berlin State Opera, the Vienna State Opera, the Paris Opera, the Teatro Colón and the Zürich Opera among others.

Les vêpres siciliennes
Les vêpres siciliennes (French pronunciation: [le vɛːpʁ sisiljɛn]; The Sicilian Vespers) is a grand opera in five acts by the Italian romantic composer Giuseppe Verdi set to a French libretto by Eugène Scribe and Charles Duveyrier from their work Le duc d'Albe of 1838. Les vêpres followed immediately after Verdi's three great mid-career masterpieces, Rigoletto, Il trovatore and La traviata of 1850 to 1853 and was first performed at the Paris Opéra on 13 June 1855.

Today the opera is performed both in the original French and (rather more frequently) in its post-1861 Italian version as I vespri siciliani. The story is based on a historical event, the Sicilian Vespers of 1282, using material drawn from the medieval Sicilian tract Lu rebellamentu di Sichilia.
Matsura Akira
Count Matsura Akira (松浦 詮, November 11, 1840 – April 13, 1908) was the 12th and final daimyō of Hirado Domain in Hizen Province, Kyūshū, Japan. He was also the 37th hereditary head of the Matsura clan, and a noted tea master. His honorary title was. Hizen-no-Kami.

Hizen Province
Hizen Province (肥前国, Hizen no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [çiꜜ.(d)zeɴ, -(d)zen no kɯ.ɲi]) was an old province of Japan in the area of the Saga and Nagasaki prefectures. It was sometimes called Hishū (肥州), with Higo Province. Hizen bordered on the provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo. The province was included in Saikaidō.  It did not include the island provinces (now municipalities) of Tsushima and Iki that are now part of modern Nagasaki Prefecture.
FC Sportist Svoge
FC Sportist (Bulgarian: ФК Спортист)  is a Bulgarian football club based in Svoge, which currently competes in the Second League, the second tier of Bulgarian football, following promotion from the Third League.

The club was founded in 1924 and their home ground is the Stadion Chavdar Tsvetkov, which has a seating capacity of 3,500 spectators. The club's biggest success is promotion to the Bulgarian top division in 2009, although they were relegated at the end of the 2009-10 season. The club plays home games in blue and white kits.

Svoge
Svoge (Bulgarian: Своге, [ˈsfɔɡɛ]) is a town in western Bulgaria, part of Sofia Province. It is located in the gorge of the Iskar River, at the place where the mountains Mala planina, Golema planina, and Ponor meet, 40 km north of the capital Sofia. Svoge is the main town of the Svoge Municipality which is one of the largest municipalities in Bulgaria and includes also 37 villages & the town of Svoge itself. By Decree No. 546 of the Presidium of the National Assembly on 7 September 1964 Svoge was declared as a city.
Stephanie Avakian
Stephanie Avakian is an American lawyer, regulator and white collar criminal defense specialist appointed on June 8, 2017 to co-head the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Division of Enforcement, a title she shared with Steven Peikin. As of 2023 she had moved into private practice, working for WilmerHale.

White-collar crime
The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals,  businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gains.  It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation". Typical white-collar crimes could include wage theft, fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. White-collar crime overlaps with corporate crime.
Crisfield (surname)
Crisfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henry Crisfield (1877–1945), Australian rules footballer

John W. Crisfield (1806–1897), American politician

Michael Anthony Crisfield (1942–2002), British mathematician

Michael Anthony Crisfield
Michael Anthony Crisfield (26 July 1942 – 19 February 2002) was a British mathematician and structural analyst who became a leading figure in non-linear computational mechanics. He died of cancer aged 59 in 2002.
Superman: Secret Identity
Superman: Secret Identity is a four-issue mini-series written by Kurt Busiek and illustrated by Stuart Immonen. It was first published monthly, starting January 2004. The title was not released under the Elseworlds banner, but is regarded as a non-canonical story.

The story describes the life of Clark Kent, a man in a world in which superheroes exist only as characters in comics, who suddenly gains the powers of Superman and embarks on a super-heroic career, but keeps his existence secret from the world at large.

Elseworlds
Elseworlds is the publication imprint for American comic books produced by DC Comics for stories that take place outside the DC Universe canon. Elseworlds publications are set in alternate realities that deviate from the established continuity of DC's regular comics. The "Elseworlds" name was trademarked in 1989, the same year as the first Elseworlds publication.
Frederick Davis Shaw
Frederick Davis Shaw (August 4, 1909 – December 9, 1977) was a Canadian politician who served in Parliament.

Shaw was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1940 federal election, in the electoral district of Red Deer under the banner of the Social Credit Party. He was re-elected in 1945, 1949, 1953 and 1957.  In the 1958 election he was defeated by Progressive Conservative candidate Harris Rogers.

After his defeat Shaw moved to British Columbia, where he tried twice to re-enter Parliament.  He stood as the Social Credit candidate in the federal elections of 1962 and 1963 in the electoral district of Okanagan Boundary against incumbent Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament David Vaughan Pugh.  He was defeated both times.

"Jack" as he was known, was married to Eva.  They had three sons, Douglas, Donald and Frederick Jr., and a daughter Patricia born on the day of Queen Elizabeth's coronation, June 2, 1953.

Okanagan Boundary
Okanagan Boundary was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1979. This riding was created in 1952 from parts of Kamloops and Yale ridings.

It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Fraser Valley East, Kootenay West, Okanagan North and Okanagan—Similkameen ridings.
Sangnag Chöling
Sangnag Chöling (Tibetan: གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་, Wylie: gsang sngags chos gling, Chinese: 三安曲林乡; pinyin: sānānqūlín xiāng), is a township in Lhünzê County in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It lies northwest of Yümai in the Char Chu rivervalley. It contains a historic Buddhist monastery.

Township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.

Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canada, Scotland, and parts of the United States, the term refers to settlements too small or scattered to be considered urban.
Fatesinh Chauhan
Fatesinh Chauhan (born 1963) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Kalol Assembly constituency in Panchmahal district. He won the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Gujarat from 1 to 5 December 2022 in two phases, to elect 182 members of 15th Gujarat Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 8 December 2022.

The Bharatiya Janata Party won a landslide victory  of 156 seats, the most ever won by any party in Gujarat's history. No other political party could win enough seats to be recognised as official opposition in the state. The Indian National Congress fell to its lowest count in the state for 3 decades, and the Aam Aadmi Party gained five seats.
The Forgotten Pistolero
The Forgotten Pistolero (Italian: Il pistolero dell'Ave Maria, lit. "The Gunman of Hail Mary") is a 1969 Italian Spaghetti Western film co-written and directed by Ferdinando Baldi. The film is a western adaptation of the Greek myth of Orestes, subject of three famous drama-plays by Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Ulrich P. Bruckner puts it among the "most interesting and most touching Spaghetti Westerns of the late sixties".

Pilar Velázquez
Pilar Velázquez (born 13 February 1946) is a Spanish actress.

Born as  María del Pilar Velázquez Llorente in Madrid, she made her debut in 1964 at the Teatro Español, with the drama Caminos de Damasco. Between 1966 and 1977 she starred in about 50 films and television roles; she was active in Italian genre cinema, especially in Spaghetti Westerns. In 1979 Velázquez married the Spanish singer and actor Miguel Gallardo.
Sectoral collective bargaining
Sectoral collective bargaining is an aim of trade unions to reach a collective agreement that covers all workers in a sector of the economy. It contrasts to enterprise bargaining where agreements cover individual firms. Generally countries with sectoral collective bargaining have higher rates of union organisation and better coverage of collective agreements than countries with enterprise bargaining. Research by the OECD, ILO and the European Commission has also linked sectoral bargaining to higher real wages, lower unemployment, fewer strikes and greater wage equality.

Collective agreement
A collective agreement, collective labour agreement (CLA) or collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is a written contract negotiated through collective bargaining for employees by one or more trade unions with the management of a company (or with an employers' association) that regulates the terms and conditions of employees at work. This includes regulating the wages, benefits, and duties of the employees and the duties and responsibilities of the employer or employers and often includes rules for a dispute resolution process.
2025 New Zealand Women's National League
The 2025 New Zealand Women's National League is the fifth scheduled season of the new National League since its restructuring in 2021; the 2021 National League was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in northern regions. The 2025 season will be the twenty-third season of national women's football and will again be a hybrid season. The competition will feature four teams from the NRFL Premiership representing the Northern Conference, Central Football and two Capital Football federation sides representing the Central Conference, and Canterbury United Pride and Southern United representing the Southern Conference.

NRFL Women's Premiership
The Northern Regional Football League Women's Premiership, currently known as Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Women's Premiership for sponsorship reasons, is a semi-professional New Zealand association football league competition. Up until 2022, the competition was known as NRFL Women's Premier League.

The league includes football clubs located in the northern part of the North Island, with clubs from the Northland, Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty provinces. The league sits at step 2 of the New Zealand football pyramid.
Augustus (given name)
Augustus is a masculine given name derived from Augustus, meaning "majestic," "the increaser," or "venerable". Many of its descended forms are August,  Augusto, Auguste, Austin, Agustin and Augustine. The Greek translation of the title Augustus was Sebastos, from which the name Sebastian descends.

Augusto
Augusto is an Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish given name or surname.
Derived from Augustus, meaning in Latin "majestic," "the increaser," or "venerable", it is notable as being the name of the first emperor of Ancient Rome. The Greek translation of the title Augustus was Sebastos, from which the name Sebastian descends.
Music of Tibet
The music of Tibet (Chinese: 藏族音乐) reflects the cultural heritage of the trans-Himalayan region centered in Tibet, but also known wherever ethnic Tibetan groups are found in Nepal, Bhutan, India and further abroad. The religious music of Tibet reflects the profound influence of Tibetan Buddhism on the culture.

The new-age 'singing bowl' music marketed in the West as 'Tibetan music' is of 1970s US origin.

Nangma
Nangma (Tibetan: ནང་མ་; Chinese: 囊玛) is a genre of Tibetan dance music closely related to Toeshey (སྟོད་གཞས་). The word Nangma derives from the Persian word نغمه Naghma meaning melody. Both a band and a nightclub have been named after it. "Nangma" is the name of a four-person, traditional Tibetan band dedicated to these two styles of music. "Nangma" is also the name of a nightclub in Lhasa which plays this traditional music.
Camillo Boito
Camillo Boito (Italian pronunciation: [kaˈmillo ˈbɔito]; 30 October 1836 – 28 June 1914) was an Italian architect and engineer, and a noted art critic, art historian and novelist. He was the brother of Arrigo Boito, the friend and librettist of the Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi.

Boito was an important figure in many ways in the cultural life of Italy, and especially Milan, in the second half of the 19th century. He not only taught at the Brera Academy and the Istituto tecnico superiore for nearly 50 years but also took part in competitions (both as competitor and adjudicator), wrote articles on architecture and restoration for newspapers and periodicals, as well as numerous reports for private individuals and the government, and was active in numerous professional associations. He also served on numerous commissions, particularly after his appointment as Director of the Brera Academy in 1897.

Istituto tecnico superiore
An Istituto tecnico superiore (abbreviated ITS – Higher Technical Institute) is an Italian tertiary educational institution. They were established in 2008, and are modelled on the Fachhochschule system of Germany. Programs have a duration of two or three years, and require a high school degree for access.

Course areas include business support services, agricultural and food industries, construction, mechanical engineering, and fashion. The northern region of Lombardy hosts the largest number of institutes.
Premendra Shet
Premendra Vishnu Shet is an Indian politician and a member of the Goa Legislative Assembly. Shet won the Maem Assembly constituency on the Bharatiya Janata Party ticket in the 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election. Shet defeated Santosh Kumar Sawant of Goa Forward Party by 3136 votes. He is brother of former Goa Legislative Assembly Speaker Anant Shet.

Goa Legislative Assembly
The Goa Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the state of Goa in India. The Assembly meets at the Goa State Legislative Assembly Complex in Porvorim, Bardez. The Eighth Goa Legislative Assembly consists of 40 members. The assembly is in charge of the budget, the Assembly appropriates money for social programs, agricultural development, infrastructure development, etc. It is also responsible for proposing and levying taxes.
Kwitang silat
Perguruan Silat Mustika Kwitang (Mustika Kwitang Silat School), or simply called Kwitang silat, is a Betawinese pencak silat style (Betawi: maen pukulan). It was originally developed in the Kwitang village, which is now part of the Senen subdistrict in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. This style is a hybrid martial arts, developed by combining the local silat with the Chinese-influenced kuntao. The Mustika Kwitang Silat School was founded in 1945 by H. Muhammad Djaelani (Mad Djaelani), who previously studied the martial arts from his own family.

Senen
Senen is a long-established urban district (Indonesian: kecamatan) of Central Jakarta, Indonesia, that has kept many tourist attractions such as two museums, the National Library of Indonesia, Gelanggang Remaja Senen, and narrow alleys with old Chinese and similar style shops and restaurants. It was first developed in the 18th century as Pasar Senen when Governor Daendels established the bovenstad (the upper town) as the new center of government of the fledgling city (then known as Batavia). Its core remains in what is now the lower-division Senen District, Kwitang, Kenari, Paseban, Kramat, and Bungur. Senen is bounded by a railway line to the east, Ciliwung River to the west, Pramuka Street to the south, and Abdul Rahman Saleh-Kwini II-Senen Raya IV Street to the north. The name is derived from Pasar Senen, (lit. 'Monday market').
Dorogháza
Dorogháza is a village in Nógrád County, Hungary, in the Mátra mountain range. The Ménkes creek flows through the settlement. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 979 (see Demographics). The village is located 2.2 km from (Nr. 84) Kisterenye–Kál-Kápolna railway line, 8.5 km from the main road 21 and 50.9 km from the M3 motorway. Although the Nemti railway stop is the closest, but public transport on the railway line ceased on 3 March 2007. The closest train station with public transport is in Bátonyterenye 8.5 km  away.

Main road 21 (Hungary)
The Main road 21 is a south–north direction First class main road in the valley of the Zagyva river, that connects the Hungarian M3 motorway's Hatvan junction, facilitating access from the capital city of Hatvan to Salgótarján-Somoskőújfalu. The road is 65 km long.

The road, like all other main roads in Hungary, is managed and maintained by the state-owned company Magyar Közút.
Nils Langer
Nils Langer (German pronunciation: [ˈniːls ˈlaŋɐ]; born 25 January 1990, in Ludwigsburg) is a German retired tennis player.

Langer reached a career high ATP singles ranking of world  No. 188, achieved in March 2016.

Langer made his ATP main draw debut at the 2009 International German Open in the doubles event where he partnered Kevin Krawietz, but lost in the first round to Marcelo Melo and Filip Polášek, 0–6, 4–6.

At the 2013 MercedesCup he qualified for the tournament, defeating Ivo Klec, Jan Mertl and Evgeny Korolev in the qualifying rounds. In the main draw he drew compatriot Robin Kern, a wildcard entrant, winning 3–6, 6–4, 6–3. His run came to an end where he lost to the second seed and compatriot Philipp Kohlschreiber, 5–7, 2–6.

Ivo Klec
Ivo Klec (born 28 November 1980) is a Slovak former tennis player. He played mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour. On the ITF Futures circuit, he has claimed 29 titles, 14 singles and 15 doubles. In addition, he has also won two ATP Challenger doubles titles.

During his career, he was suspended for 2 years on corruption charges. He subsequently did not work with the ITIA's investigation.
Henry L. Muldrow
Henry Lowndes Muldrow (February 8, 1837 – March 1, 1905) was an American politician who served as the First Assistant Secretary of the Interior in the first Cleveland administration. Prior to this he served as U.S. Representative from Mississippi's 1st congressional district, a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives and as an officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded a cavalry regiment in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. He was "Grand Cyclops" of the Oktibbeha County Ku Klux Klan den.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Teleios (film)
Teleios, also known as Beyond the Trek, is an American science-fiction film written and directed by Ian Truitner. The film stars Sunny Mabrey, Lance Broadway, Michael Nouri, T.J. Hoban, Mykel Shannon Jenkins, Christian Pitre, Ursula Mills and Weetus Cren, and was edited by Gabriella Cristiani.

Teleios had its world premiere at Sci-Fi-London and U.S. premiere at Shriekfest. It has won 24 international film awards, including Best Science Fiction Feature at The New York Science Fiction Film Festival, Head of Jury Award at Fantastic Planet Film Festival, the Forry Ackerman Imagi-Movie Award at the Silver Screen Festival and Best Special FX at the Maverick Movie Awards.

Sci-Fi-London
Sci-Fi-London (stylised as SCI-FI-LONDON), also known as the London International Festival of Science Fiction and Fantastic Film or simply SFL, is an annual United Kingdom–based film festival dedicated to the science fiction and fantasy genres. Originally founded in 2002, it was held at the Stratford Picturehouse in London from 2008–2022, and in 2023 will be in central London at Prince Charles Cinema, the Picturehouse Central, the Garden Cinema and Rich Mix.
Cape Povorotnyy
Cape Povorotnyy (Russian: Мыс Поворотный, Mys Povorotnyy) is a headland on the southwest side of Penzhina Bay, the east arm of Shelikhov Gulf, in the northeastern Sea of Okhotsk. It has reddish cliffs and two large pillar rocks, on a detached drying reef, which lie about three miles southeast of the cape. It lies twenty miles east-northeast of Cape Taygonos.

Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north. Its northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named for the port of Okhotsk, itself named for the Okhota River.