hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yan (surname 严)
In 2008, the surname "严 (嚴)", pinyin Yán, or Yim in Cantonese was estimated to be the 92nd most common surname in the People's Republic of China, shared by around 2.2 million citizens. It is the 27th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.
This surname has various origins.  In the state of Chu, the branch of Xiong (熊) of the Zhuang surname (莊) was renamed to Yan (嚴).  The Zhuang (莊) family changed their names to Yan (嚴) upon the ascension of the Han Ming Emperor, whose personal name was Zhuang, owing to the naming taboo.

In the state of Qin, many families with the surname Ying (嬴) were renamed Yan (嚴).

Citizens of the State of Yan (嚴國) in Ancient China were surnamed Yan (嚴).

During the Sixteen Kingdoms, the royal family of Xianbei were given the surname Yan (嚴).

Some ethnic minority groups in China, including the Xibe people, Yi people and Tu people, also use the surname Yan (嚴)

Sibe people
The Sibe are a Tungusic-speaking East Asian ethnic group living mostly in Xinjiang, Jilin and Shenyang in Liaoning. The Sibe form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by China, and had a recorded population of 191,911 in the 2020 Chinese Census, comprising just over 0.014% of China's total population.
First Home Scheme
The First Home Scheme (FHS) is a shared equity program launched in Ireland on 7 July 2022. It aims to help individuals and families looking to purchase a property by providing supplemental funding in the form of an equity share. The funding is used in addition to the deposit and mortgage, so that the potential homebuyer can afford the price of their home.

The scheme is a joint venture between the state and participating banks. Potential applications can apply for up to 30% of the cost of the home, in return for a percentage share in the property purchased. As of 2022, it was available to new homebuyers up until 2025, with the potential to extend this timeframe.

Equity sharing
Equity sharing is another name for shared ownership or co-ownership. It takes one property, more than one owner, and blends them to maximize profit and tax deductions. Typically, the parties find a home and buy it together as co-owners, but sometimes they join to co-own a property one of them already owns. At the end of an agreed term, they buy one another out or sell the property and split the equity. In England, equity sharing and shared ownership are not the same thing (see the United Kingdom and England sections below).
Sarmera
Sarmera is a town and a block in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located 110 km east of Patna and is on the National Highway NH33 (linking Arwal to Mokameh and passes through Bihar Sharif)  and State Highway SH78 (Bihta - Sarmera) connecting it to major cities in Bihar.
Sarmera is a block in Nalanda district of Bihar, India and has nine panchayats namely Malawan, Kenar, Dhanuki, Mirnagar, Husaina, Sarmera, Chero, Narshinghpur, Sasaur and Isua.
Major inhabited villages in Sarmera are Husena, Gopalbad, Brindawan, Pojh, Chero, Parnawa, Isua, Bari Malawan, Choti Malawan, Kenar, Mirnagar, Rupaspur, Sasaur, Dharampur and until 1943 it was ruled by royal family of Nalanda.

Mokama
Mokama is a town and a municipal council of Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located 90 km (56 mi) east of Patna on the southern banks of the river Ganges. Mokama is the connecting town of north and south Bihar and has 2nd highest amount of lentil production in India. It emerged as an industrial area in State of Bihar after independence. It is one of the most important towns in the district of Patna.
Miscegenation
Miscegenation is the genetic admixture that occurs among peoples of different races and among peoples of different ethnic groups. Historically, miscegenation has been socially controversial and subject to legal proscription in racist societies and in racialist societies that enforce racial segregation, hierarchical systems of racial caste, and a culture of social conservatism. In contemporary English usage, the synonyms for miscegenation include the words interethnic, mixed-race, multiethnic, multiracial, and interracial.

Genetic admixture
Genetic admixture occurs when previously isolated populations of organisms interbreed, resulting in a population with genetic ancestry from both sources. It can occur between species, such as with hybrids, or within species, such as when geographically distant individuals migrate to new regions. It results in a population with genetic backgrounds, or a gene pool, that is a mix of the source populations. Genetic admixture is recognized as an important contributor to rapid evolutionary responses, both at the level of gene flow between populations and between species.
C81 (album)
C81 was a cassette compiled for the British music paper NME in 1981 (hence (C)assette 81) and released in conjunction with the record label Rough Trade. Featuring a number of contemporary musical acts and performers, it was intended to mark the first five years of the independent label movement in the UK record industry and Rough Trade itself. It was the first in a series of many cassette releases from the paper, including the C86 compilation of 1986.

Essential Logic
Essential Logic are an English post-punk band formed in 1978 by saxophonist Lora Logic after leaving X-Ray Spex. The band initially consisted of Lora on vocals, Phil Legg on guitar and vocals, William Bennett (later of Whitehouse) on guitar, Mark Turner on bass guitar, Rich Tea (Richard Thompson) on drums and Dave Wright on saxophone. Turner was later replaced by Sean Oliver (later of Rip Rig + Panic) on bass. The band split in 1981 and reformed in 2001.
Spam fritter
A spam fritter is a slice of Spam fried in batter. Commonly eaten with chips and mushy peas, spam fritters are served in fish and chip shops and burger bars in the UK. They were first introduced during World War II due to fish being unavailable. Spam fritters were so associated with the war that in 1995 a government memo relating to the commemoration of the 50-year anniversary of the war ending recommended "spam-fritter frying to get into the wartime spirit".

In 2006, the makers of Spam, Hormel Foods, announced the return of the spam fritter in pre-packaged form.

Hormel Foods
Hormel Foods Corporation, doing business as Hormel Foods or simply Hormel, is an American multinational food processing company founded in 1891 in Austin, Minnesota, by George A. Hormel as George A. Hormel & Company. The company originally focused on the packaging and selling of ham, sausage and other pork, chicken, beef and lamb products to consumers, adding Spam in 1937. By the 1980s, Hormel began offering a wider range of packaged and refrigerated foods. The company changed its name to Hormel Foods Corporation in 1993 and uses the Hormel brand on many of its products; the company's other brands include Planters, Columbus Craft Meats, Dinty Moore, Jennie-O, and Skippy. The company's products are available in over 80 countries.
2014 USTA Player Development Classic – Doubles
Alexandra Mueller and Asia Muhammad were the defending champions, having won the previous edition in 2011, but Mueller chose not to participate. Muhammad teamed up with Sanaz Marand as the second seeds, but they lost in the first round.

The top seeds Michaëlla Krajicek and Olivia Rogowska won the title, defeating Samantha Crawford and Sachia Vickery in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–1.

Samantha Crawford
Samantha Crawford (born February 18, 1995) is an American former professional tennis player.

In her career, Crawford won one singles title and five doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On July 11, 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 98, with her WTA doubles rankings peak of No. 216 being achieved on July 13, 2015.

As a junior, Crawford won the girls' singles title at the 2012 US Open, defeating Anett Kontaveit in the final.
Marsteller, Pennsylvania
Marsteller is an unincorporated community in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Northern Cambria. Marsteller had its own post office until April 23, 2005; it still has its own ZIP code, 15760.

Northern Cambria, Pennsylvania
Northern Cambria is a borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Northern Cambria had a population of 3,560.
Heather (surname)
Heather is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Heather (born 1972), English cricketer

Alison Heather, New Zealand physiology academic

Larry R. Heather, Canadian politician

Nick Heather (1938–2025), British clinical psychologist, alcohol researcher and academic

Peter Heather, British historian

Roy Heather (born 1935), English actor

Scott Heather (born 1975), American college baseball coach

Sean Heather (born 1982), English cricketer

Teariki Heather (born 1959), Cook Island politician

William (Smiley) Heather (born 1958), Cook Island politician

Nick Heather
Brian "Nick" Heather (June 1938 – 28 January 2025) was a British clinical psychologist, alcohol researcher and academic who was Emeritus Professor of Alcohol & Other Drug Studies at Northumbria University. He was one of the pioneers of brief intervention techniques to reduce alcohol misuse, and challenged the disease theory of alcoholism and had over five hundred research publications and books.
Never Stop (Echo & the Bunnymen song)
"Never Stop" is a single which was released by the British post-punk band Echo & the Bunnymen on 8 July 1983. It reached number fifteen on the UK Singles Chart the same month. The title track on the 12-inch single is a remixed version called "Never Stop (Discotheque)" and is another minute and fifteen seconds longer.

The B-side of the 7-inch single is "Heads Will Roll" and the B-sides of the 12-inch single are an expanded version called "Heads Will Roll (Summer Version)" and "The Original Cutter". While Hugh Jones produced the A-side, the B-sides were produced by Ian Broudie under the pseudonym Kingbird.

Primarily released as a single, the 12" extended version of "Never Stop" also appeared on the 12-inch mini-album The Sound of Echo. It was subsequently included on the 2003 remastered version of the Porcupine album as well as a number of compilation albums. "Never Stop (Discotheque)" was also used in the 2006 film The History Boys and was included on the subsequent soundtrack album.

Twelve-inch single
The twelve-inch single (often written as 12-inch or 12″) is a type of vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC) gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time with a "single" or a few related sound tracks on each surface, compared to LPs (long play) which have several songs on each side. It is named for its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter that was intended for LPs. This technical adaptation allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the mastering engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality. This record type, which is claimed to have been accidentally discovered by Tom Moulton, is commonly used in disco and dance music genres, where DJs use them to play in clubs. They are played at either 33+1⁄3 or 45 revolutions per minute (rpm). The conventional 7-inch single usually holds three or four minutes of music at full volume. The 12-inch LP sacrifices volume for extended playing time.
Kevin Haugh
Kevin O'Hanrahan Haugh (17 November 1901 – 5 April 1969) was an Irish judge who served as a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1961 to 1968, a Judge of the High Court from 1942 to 1960 and Attorney General of Ireland from 1940 to 1942.

He was born in Dublin in 1901. He was educated at Blackrock College and University College Dublin. He was called to the Bar in 1925 and he became Senior Counsel 1938. He was appointed as the Attorney General of Ireland in 1940, and served in the role until 1942, when he was appointed a High Court judge. He was for many years the Probate Judge and an acknowledged authority on succession law. He became a Judge of the Supreme Court in 1961. He retired in 1968 and died the following year.

His son, also Kevin (1944–2009) followed his father's path to the Bar and the High Court; unlike his father, he was also a judge of the Circuit Court. He was an immensely popular judge whose career was cut short by his early death in 2009.

Senior counsel
Senior Counsel, State Counsel (post-nominal letters: SC), or Senior Advocate is a title given to senior lawyers in some current or former Commonwealth nations, mainly those in which the British monarch is no longer head of state, making the title "King's Counsel" obsolete. Examples of such nations are Mauritius, Zambia, India (Senior Advocate), Bangladesh (Senior Advocate), Hong Kong, Ireland, South Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Singapore, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. Jurisdictions that have retained the monarch as head of state, but have nonetheless opted for the new title, include some states and territories of Australia, as well as Belize.

Just as a junior counsel is "called to the [Outer] Bar", a Senior Counsel is, in some jurisdictions, said to be "called to the Inner Bar". Senior Counsels may informally style themselves silks, as do their British counterparts.
Basing point
A basing point is a geographical site used to establish minimum fluid milk prices for federal milk marketing orders.  Generally, minimum fluid farm milk prices increase according to the distance from the basing point.  When federal milk marketing orders began in the 1930s, Eau Claire, Wisconsin was viewed as the principal surplus milk production region in the nation and hence served as the basing point for most milk priced under federal milk marketing orders. Generally, the further a region is from the Upper Midwest, the higher that region's minimum price for fluid farm milk. Some have argued that there currently are other surplus production regions in the country (e.g., in the northeast and southwest) which should serve as basing points. An attempt by USDA to establish a pricing structure using multiple basing points was thwarted by legislation in 1999.

Upper Midwest
The Upper Midwest is a northern subregion of the U.S. Census Bureau's Midwestern United States. Although the exact boundaries are not uniformly agreed upon, the region is usually defined to include the states of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, North Dakota, and South Dakota; some definitions include parts of Nebraska and Illinois.
Warren County Economic Development Authority
The Front Royal-Warren County Industrial Development Authority (also known as the Economic Development Authority or WCEDA) is an independent economic development agency in Warren County, Virginia. It was created pursuant to Virginia state law and is headquartered in Front Royal, Virginia. It is jointly funded by the town of Front Royal and the county of Warren.

The purpose of the WCEDA is to foster and stimulate industry and economic development within Warren County and the town of Front Royal.

Economic development organization
An economic development organization (EDO) is an organization dedicated to the economic development of a region, be it a subnational area such as a town, city, county, province, or state; a whole nation; or transnational regions unified through economic integration. EDOs are typically government agencies, public-private partnerships, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working together with other actors to improve the regional economy they focus on (be it internal or external).

EDOs are sometimes confused with regional development organizations (RDOs) which have a similar focus but whose operations are often based on foreign aid or foreign assistance. EDOs may not even need to fund their operations, programs, and services as they might simply operate as a consortium rather than as an incorporation.
Ira Lalaro
Lake Ira Lalaro (also Iralalaro, Ira-Lalaro, Surubec, Suro Bec) is a freshwater lake in Mehara, Subdistrict Tutuala, Lautém District, East Timor. It is the largest of the island of Timor, and thus too of the country. The lake is part of the Mount Paitchau Important Bird Area. The lake waters and that of Irasiquero River are a closed aquatic system; they lie within a huge polje. It covers between 10–55 square kilometres (3.9–21.2 sq mi) while the authigenic catchment basin covers 406 square kilometres (157 sq mi).

Polje
A polje, also called karst polje or karst field, is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually in the range of 5–400 km2 (2–154 sq mi). The name derives from the Slavic languages, where polje literally means 'field', whereas in English polje specifically refers to a karst plain or karst field.
Office of Tax Simplification
The Office of Tax Simplification was an independent office of HM Treasury, part of the Government of the United Kingdom. The office was created on 20 July 2010 to identify complexities in the tax system burdensome to both businesses and individual taxpayers in order to recommend their reduction. The office was tasked with publishing its findings for the Chancellor of the Exchequer to consider ahead of the budget. The office was abolished in 2023.

Taxation in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, taxation may involve payments to at least three different levels of government: central government (HM Revenue and Customs), devolved governments and local government. Central government revenues come primarily from income tax, National Insurance contributions, value added tax, corporation tax and fuel duty. Local government revenues come primarily from grants from central government funds, business rates in England, Council Tax and increasingly from fees and charges such as those for on-street parking. In the fiscal year 2023–24, total government revenue was forecast to be £1,139.1 billion, or 40.9 per cent of GDP, with income taxes and National Insurance contributions standing at around £470 billion.
Claire Liddell
Elizabeth Claire Liddell (born 24 May 1937) is a Scottish pianist and composer. She was born in Glasgow and studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow and the Royal College of Music in London with William Lloyd Webber.

In The Kinding Fire Liddell sets 12 songs by Robert Burns using the original airs to which he set his verses, with her accompaniments. An LP recording was issued in 1974 with Liddell on piano. She has also written educational music and text books, including The Book of Keyboard Harmony (1979) and So you Want to Play by Ear (1980).

Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
The Royal Conservatoire of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Acadamh-chiùil Rìoghail na h-Alba), formerly the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (Scottish Gaelic: Acadamaidh Rìoghail Ciùil is Dràma na h-Alba) is a conservatoire of dance, drama, music, production, and film in Glasgow, Scotland. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.

Founded in 1847, it has become the busiest performing arts venue in Scotland with over 500 public performances each year. 
The current principal is American pianist and composer Jeffrey Sharkey. The patron is King Charles III.
Aaron Gunn Pyle
Aaron Gunn Pyle (February 19, 1909 – December 25, 1972) was an American painter known for his contributions to Regionalist painting. His work is closely tied to the Midwestern United States, the region where he was born and spent most of his life.

Regionalism (art)
American Regionalism is an American realist modern art movement that included paintings, murals, lithographs, and illustrations depicting realistic scenes of rural and small-town America, primarily in the Midwest. It arose in the 1930s as a response to the Great Depression, and ended in the 1940s due to the end of World War II and a lack of development within the movement. It reached its height of popularity from 1930 to 1935, as it was widely appreciated for its reassuring images of the American heartland during the Great Depression.

Despite major stylistic differences between specific artists, Regionalist art in general was in a relatively conservative and traditionalist style that appealed to popular American sensibilities, while strictly opposing the perceived domination of French art.
United States O-class submarine
The United States O-class submarines were a class of sixteen coastal patrol submarines laid down for the United States Navy (USN) just before, and just after, the United States entry into World War I. The USN used two different designs by two different builders, the O-1-class, built by the Electric Boat Company, of Groton, Connecticut, and the O-11-class, built by the Lake Torpedo Boat Company, of Bridgeport, Connecticut. The O-1-class served during WWI, and seven were recommissioned as training boats during World War II. The O-11-class were all decommissioned in June 1924, and most were scrapped in 1930.

Groton, Connecticut
Groton (/ˈɡrɒtən/ GRAH-tən) is a town in New London County, Connecticut, located on the Thames River. It is the home of General Dynamics Electric Boat, which is the major contractor for submarine work for the United States Navy. The Naval Submarine Base New London is located in Groton, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer is also a major employer. Avery Point in Groton is home to a regional campus of the University of Connecticut. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 38,411 at the 2020 census.
Ko Yu-ting
Ko Yu-ting (Chinese: 柯昱廷; pinyin: Kē Yùtíng; born 18 January 1994) is a Taiwanese footballer who plays as a striker for both the Taiwan Football Premier League club Taiwan Power Company and the Chinese Taipei national team.

Taiwan Football Premier League
The Taiwan Football Premier League (TFPL; Chinese: 台灣企業甲級足球聯賽; pinyin: Táiwān Qǐyè Jiǎ Jí Zúqiú Liánsài) is the top-ranked Taiwanese football league run by the Chinese Taipei Football Association (CTFA).
Ann Phoenix
Ann Phoenix, FBA, FAcSS (born 27 March 1955) is a British psychologist and academic, whose research focuses on psychosocial issues related to identity. She is Professor of Psychosocial Studies at the Institute of Education, University College London. She was previously ESRC Professorial Fellow for the Transforming Experiences research programme. She was previously Co-Director of the Thomas Coram Research Unit, and Reader in Psychology at the Open University.

Psychosocial
The psychosocial approach looks at individuals in the context of the combined influence that psychological factors and the surrounding social environment have on their physical and mental wellness and their ability to function. This approach is used in a broad range of helping professions in health and social care settings as well as by medical and social science researchers.
Brie Code
Rosebridges Starchuk Code is an AI video game programmer, working on Assassin's Creed, Child of Light, and #SelfCare. She ran TRU LUV, a game studio which created experimental games focused on care and characters, which strove to promote mental health.

Video game programmer
A game programmer is a software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebases for video games or related software, such as game development tools. Game programming has many specialized disciplines, all of which fall under the umbrella term of "game programmer". A game programmer should not be confused with a game designer, who works on game design.
Where Do I Go from Here (The Supremes song)
"Where Do I Go from Here" is a single released by Motown singing group The Supremes. It is the second single released from their 1975 self-titled album, The Supremes. The single reached #93 on the US Billboard R&B chart.

Scherrie Payne
Scherrie Ann Payne (born November 4, 1944) is an American singer. Payne is best known as a member and the co lead singer of the R&B/Soul vocal group the Supremes from 1973 until 1977. Payne is the younger sister of singer Freda Payne. Payne continues to perform, both as a solo act and as a part of the "Former Ladies of the Supremes" (FLOS).