hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kyburg family
The Kyburg family (/ˈkaɪbɜːrɡ/; German: [ˈkyːbʊʁk]; also Kiburg) was a noble family of grafen (counts) in the Duchy of Swabia, a cadet line of the counts of Dillingen, who in the late 12th and early 13th centuries ruled the County of Kyburg, corresponding to much of what is now Northeastern Switzerland.

The family was one of the four most powerful noble families in the Swiss plateau (beside the House of Habsburg, the House of Zähringen and the House of Savoy) during the 12th century. With the extinction of the Kyburg family's male line in 1264, Rudolph of Habsburg laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them to the Habsburg holdings, establishing the line of "Neu-Kyburg", which was in turn extinct in 1417.

Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
Randall Parrish
George Randall Parrish (June 10, 1858 – August 9, 1923) was an American lawyer, journalist, and writer - in particular, author of dime novels, including Wolves of the Sea (Being a Tale of the Colonies from the Manuscript of One Geoffry Carlyle, Seaman, Narrating Certain Strange Adventures Which Befell Him Aboard the Pirate Craft "Namur").

Dime novel
The dime novel is a form of late 19th-century and early 20th-century American popular fiction issued in series of inexpensive paperbound editions. The term dime novel has been used as a catchall term for several different but related forms, referring to story papers, five- and ten-cent weeklies, "thick book" reprints, and sometimes early pulp magazines. Dime novels are similar in form and content to British penny dreadfuls and story papers, which were produced at the same time.

The term was used as a title as late as 1940, in the short-lived pulp magazine Western Dime Novels. In the modern age, the term dime novel has been used to refer to quickly written, lurid potboilers, usually as a pejorative to describe a sensationalized but superficial literary work.
Void coefficient
In nuclear engineering, the void coefficient (more properly called void coefficient of reactivity) is a number that can be used to estimate how much the reactivity of a nuclear reactor changes as voids (typically steam bubbles) form in the reactor moderator or coolant. Net reactivity in a reactor depends on several factors, one of which is the void coefficient. Reactors in which either the moderator or the coolant is a liquid will typically have a void coefficient which is either negative (if the reactor is under-moderated) or positive (if the reactor is over-moderated). Reactors in which neither the moderator nor the coolant is a liquid (e.g., a graphite-moderated, gas-cooled reactor) will have a zero void coefficient.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
Brownsmead, Oregon
Brownsmead is an unincorporated community, on a distributary of the Columbia River called Saspal Slough, in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Previously known as Brody, it was named after W.G. Brown, a Portland engineer involved in land reclamation in the area. There was a post office in Brownsmead from 1919 to 1975, located in the Brownsmead General Store.

Historic photos of the Brownsmead fish station, located where Davis Creek feeds into Blind Slough, reveal docked gillnetting boats. One such boat is shown in the boat hoist, resting above the water by several feet on the dock.

The folksinger Michael Hurley resided in Brownsville until his death in 2025.  Brownsmead is the northernmost settlement in the state of Oregon.

Land reclamation
Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground, reclaimed land, or land fill. The term "reclamation" is a misnomer, and promotes confusion with land rehabilitation.
Richard Butler (Irish priest)
Richard Butler (1795/6–1862) was a Church of Ireland priest during the 19th century.

Butler was born in County Meath, the son of Richard Butler of Granard. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford in 1813, aged 17, and graduated B.A. there in 1817. He was vicar of Trim, and Dean of Clonmacnoise from 1847. He married Harriet Edgeworth (1801–1889), sister of Maria Edgeworth.

Granard
Granard (Irish: Gránard) is a town in the north of County Longford, Ireland, and has a traceable history going back to 236 CE. It is situated just south of the boundary between the watersheds of the Shannon and the Erne, at the point where the N55 national secondary road and the R194 regional road meet. It is 20 km north-east of Longford town. The barony of Granard is named for the town. The town is also in the civil parish of Granard.
Media Aqua Creek
Media Aqua Creek, originally Aguaje de en Media (Middle Watering Place), is a creek in northwestern Kern County and eastern San Luis Obispo County, central California.

The stream's headwaters are in the Temblor Range, at an unnamed spring in San Luis Obispo County, 0.8 miles south of the Kern County−San Luis Obispo County border.  It flows east-northeast to terminate in the San Joaquin Valley, 3 miles southeast of the former Twisselmann Ranch in Kern County.

San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ⓘ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin and Kings counties, most of Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties, and parts of Madera and Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has four densely populated urban centers:  Stockton/Modesto, Fresno, Porterville/Visalia, and Bakersfield.
1992 Federation Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Federation Cup women's team tennis competition in 1992. Thirty-two nations competed in a five-round knockout competition from 13 to 19 July. Spain was the defending champion, but Germany defeated them in the final to claim their second title and first since the reunification.

Spain Billie Jean King Cup team
The Spain women's national tennis team represents Spain in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Real Federación Española de Tenis.  They currently compete in World Group II. The team Captain, as of 2018, is former professional player Anabel Medina Garrigues.
Hispaniolan gracile anole
There are three species of lizard named Hispaniolan gracile anole:

Anolis distichus, native to Hispaniola and the Bahamas, and introduced to Florida

Anolis properus, found in the Dominican Republic

Anolis ravitergum, found in the Dominican Republic

Anolis distichus
Anolis distichus, the bark anole, North Caribbean bark anole, or Hispaniolan gracile anole, is a species of anole lizard (US: /əˈnoʊ.li/ ⓘ) native to Hispaniola (both the Dominican Republic and Haiti) and the Bahamas, and introduced to Florida, where it was first recorded in 1946. It spends most its time on tree trunks. There are several subspecies and it is highly variable in color. Its body ranges from gray-brown to green, and the dewlap is cream-white, over yellow and orange to red. In Florida, most are gray-brown with a cream-white (pale yellow) dewlap, but more greenish individuals with a yellow-edged red dewlap also occur. It is a fairly small anole, reaching up to 12.7 cm (5.0 in) in length.
Bufo eichwaldi
Bufo eichwaldi, commonly known as Eichwald's toad or the Talysh toad, is a species of true toads in the family Bufonidae. It was first described by Litvinchuk, Borkin, Skorinov and Rosanov in 2008 and is found in the Talysh and Elburz Mountains in Azerbaijan and parts of northern Iran. It was previously considered to be a subspecies of the Caucasian toad (Bufo verrucosissimus).

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
Fraxinus griffithii
Fraxinus griffithii, the Himalayan ash or evergreen ash is a species of flowering tree. It has been recorded in the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Taiwan, China, Bangladesh and India. This plant is commonly  grown as an ornamental in Australia, where it is an invasive species.

Invasive species in Australia
Invasive species are a serious threat to endemic Australian species, and an ongoing cost to Australian agriculture. Numerous species arrived with European maritime exploration and colonisation of Australia and steadily since then. There is ongoing debate about the potential benefits and detriments of introduced species; some experts believe that certain species, particularly megafauna such as deer, equids, bovids, and camels, may be more beneficial to Australia's ecosystems than they are detrimental, acting as replacements for extinct Australian megafauna.

Management and the prevention of the introduction of new invasive species are key environmental and agricultural policy issues for the Australian federal and state governments. As of 2016 the management of weeds cost A$1.5 billion on weed control and a further $2.5 billion in lost agricultural production over the course of a year.
The Unusual Youth
The Unusual Youth (Chinese: 非常青春期) is a 2005 Hong Kong teen comedy-drama film centering on five disillusioned Hong Kong teenagers living on the island of Cheung Chau as they try to deal with life in spite of family backgrounds. The film stars Race Wong of 2R fame, Yan Ng, Marco Lok and Raymond Wong. Several veteran Milkyway Image actors, which include Law Wing-Cheong, Cheung Siu-Fai, Lam Suet and Simon Yam (in a brief, unbilled appearance) make cameo appearances.

The Unusual Youth marks the writing and directing debut of Dennis Law, a former real-estate developer turned former chairman for Milkyway Image. It is also the first film to be produced by Law's own production company Point of View Movie Production Co. Ltd.

Cheung Chau
Cheung Chau (Chinese: 長洲; lit. 'Long Island') is an outlying island of Hong Kong, located 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Hong Kong Island. It is also called Dumbbell Island (啞鈴島; aa2 ling4 dou2) due to its dumbbell-like shape. It has been inhabited for longer than most other places in Hong Kong, and had a population of 22,740 as of 2011. Administratively, it is part of the Islands District.
Eric Meeks
Eric Meeks (born January 15, 1965) is an American professional golfer.

Meeks won the 1988 U.S. Amateur. He played in the 1988 Eisenhower Trophy and in the 1989 Walker Cup match. He played his college golf for the Arizona Wildcats.

Meeks later turned professional and played on the Nike Tour/Nationwide Tour, where he had two runner-up finishes: 2001 Siouxland Open and 2002 Price Cutter Charity Championship. He also played on the Asian PGA Tour, finishing 8th on the Order of Merit in 1999.

Korn Ferry Tour
The Korn Ferry Tour is the developmental tour for the U.S.-based PGA Tour, and features professional golfers who have either not yet reached the PGA Tour, or who have done so but then failed to win enough FedEx Cup points to stay at that level. Those who finish in the top 20 of the money list at year's end are given PGA Tour memberships for the next season. Since the 2013 season, the Korn Ferry Tour has been the primary pathway for those seeking to earn their PGA Tour card. Q-School, which had previously been the primary route for qualification to the PGA Tour, has been converted as an entryway to the Korn Ferry Tour.
Melila, Kollam
Melila  is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India situated along the Vettikkavala - Elampal road. The nearest NH, National Highway 744 (India) is at Kunnicode. The nearest Railway station is Auvaneeswaram railway station. The region—which is surrounded by dense rubber plantations—has been used as a location for a number of Malayalam movies, including Mutharamkunnu P.O. and Kottaram Veettile Apputtan. There are also many well-known Television artistes from the region such as TV anchor and news reader Melila Sreekandan Nair of Asianet (TV channel). Melila is the first Village in Kerala to complete 100% Aadhaar Enrollment.

The Famous Hindu Temple, Sree Dharma Shastha Temple is located in Melila which is also famous for its Bhadrakali Mudiyettu (മുടിയേറ്റ്).

Kottaram Veettile Apputtan
Kottaram Veetile Apputtan is a 1998 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy-drama film directed by Rajasenan, starring Jayaram,Shruti, Kalabhavan Mani and Jagathy Sreekumar in the lead Roles. The film was dubbed into Tamil as Aranmanaikaran and later remade in Telugu as Manasunna Maaraju and in Tamil as Sound Party.
Meshach Browning
Meshach Browning (c. 1781 – 19 November 1859) was an early backwoodsman, hunter and explorer of the watersheds of the North Branch Potomac and Youghiogheny Rivers. His memoir is Forty-Four Years of the Life of a Hunter (1859). He has been celebrated as Maryland's most famous frontier hunter.
Browning's memoir of his "hunting-fever" years (1795–1839) and other activities was originally penned with a turkey quill. Half backwoods history, half heroic adventure story, it recounts his hunting expeditions and life-threatening encounters while stalking game and records details of life in early frontier America, western Maryland folkways and early settlement life.

Wild turkey
The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is an upland game bird native to North America, one of two extant species of turkey and the heaviest member of the order Galliformes. It is the ancestor to the domestic turkey (M. g. domesticus), which was originally derived from a southern Mexican subspecies of wild turkey (not the related ocellated turkey).
Battle Spirits: Shounen Toppa Bashin
Battle Spirits: Shounen Toppa Bashin (バトルスピリッツ少年突破バシン, Batorusupirittsu Shōnen Toppa Bashin; lit. "Battle Spirits: Boy Breakthrough Bashin") is a 2008 Japanese anime series based on the Battle Spirits Trading Card Game. It was produced by Sunrise and Nagoya Broadcasting Network and aired on TV Asahi from September 7, 2008, to September 6, 2009. It replaced Dinosaur King in the Nichi Asa Kids Time 7:00 timeslot and was succeeded by Battle Spirits: Shounen Gekiha Dan. It has been licensed in China, Thailand, and the Philippines.

Chō
Chō (チョー; born Shigeru Nagashima (長島 茂, Nagashima Shigeru), December 15, 1957) is a Japanese actor and narrator. His former stage name was Yūichi Nagashima (長島 雄一, Nagashima Yūichi). He is a graduate of the Nishogakusha University Department of Literature and received training at Bungakuza's research establishment and the Seinenza Theater Company before attaching himself to Production Baobab in 1986. He transferred to the Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society in 2007. On August 23, 2006, he changed his stage name to Chō after his character in Tanken Boku no Machi. His hobbies include badminton and jogging, and he is a licensed teacher in calligraphy.
Everything Was Beautiful
Everything Was Beautiful is the ninth studio album by Spiritualized, released under Fat Possum Records on April 22, 2022. The album contains influences from psychedelic music, gospel music, and classic rock.

Fat Possum Records
Fat Possum Records is an American independent record label based in Water Valley and Oxford, Mississippi. At first Fat Possum focused almost entirely on recording previously unknown Mississippi blues artists (typically from Oxford or Holly Springs, Mississippi). Fat Possum has signed younger rock acts to its roster. The label has been featured in The New York Times, New Yorker, The Observer, a Sundance Channel production, features on NPR, and a 2004 documentary, You See Me Laughin. Fat Possum also distributes the Hi Records catalog.
1996 Paris RER bombing
On 3 December 1996 an IED detonated on the southbound tracks of the Port-Royal Réseau Express Régional (RER) station in Paris, France. Four people were killed in the bombing: two French citizens, a Moroccan and a Canadian.

Following the bombing, French officials activated the "Vigipirate" nationwide security plan drawn up a year earlier in the wake of a series of bombings by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA). The plan included police and army patrols in sensitive public areas and spot checks across the country.

Jean-Louis Bruguière and Jean-François Ricard were in charge of the bombing file. No group took responsibility for the attack, but the GIA was suspected of being behind the attack. However, unlike this bombing, the group had claimed all the bombings in the campaign.

Canadians in France
Canadians in France (French: Canadiens en France) are people born or naturalized in Canada who emigrated to France, especially from French Canada. Those from the province of Québec are sometimes known as Québécois in France (Les Québécois en France). There has also been a recent immigration of Acadians to France.
John O'Brien (Irish cricketer)
John George O'Brien (10 January 1866 – 15 August 1920) was an Irish first-class cricketer.

O'Brien was born at Dublin in January 1866, the son of Timothy O'Brien and Mary O'Dwyer. He was educated at the Catholic Downside School in England. He served in the British Army with the Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers, Royal Field Artillery, and the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, reaching the rank of captain. He made one appearance in first-class cricket for Ireland against Scotland at Dublin in 1910 at the age of 43, when he was called up to play as a late replacement for Robert St Leger Fowler. He was dismissed by John Bruce Lockhart for 4 runs in Ireland's first-innings, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Robert Tait for 3 runs. His brother, Tim O'Brien, played Test cricket for England.

Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers
The Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers (Militia) is the most senior regiment of the British Army Reserve. The regiment was formed in 1539 during the reign of by King Henry VIII. The R Mon RE (M) became a militia unit in 1660 and then became a part of the Royal Engineers in 1877.
Type 93 air-to-ship missile
The Type 93 air-to-ship missile (93式空対艦誘導弾, ASM-2) is an air-to-ship missile developed in Japan. It was developed by using technology from the Type 88 surface-to-ship missile

This missile is used by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.

The ASM-2 will be replaced by the ASM-3.

Japan Air Self-Defense Force
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 航空自衛隊, Hepburn: Kōkū Jieitai), JASDF (空自, Kūji), also referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warfare. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining a network of ground and air early-warning radar systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse and has provided air transport in UN peacekeeping missions.

The JASDF had an estimated 49,913 personnel as of 2018, and as of 2023 operates about 712 aircraft, approximately 321 of them being fighter aircraft.

The service was to be renamed in 2027 to the Japan Air and Space Self-Defense Force (航空宇宙自衛隊, Kōkū Uchū Jieitai), in recognition of the increasing importance of the space domain. However, the schedule was then changed to 2026 in the 2026 defense budget.
Tsolwana Nature Reserve
Tsolwana Nature Reserve is an 8,500 hectare nature reserve situated on the edge of the Winterberg Mountain range. It is located 60 km west of Queenstown, and 30 km south- east of Tarkastad in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and is managed by Eastern Cape Parks Board. Its western boundary is formed by the upper Black Kei River. The reserve's name originates from the Xhosa word for "spike", due to the presence of the cone-shaped hill, Spitskop.

Queenstown, South Africa
Queenstown, officially Komani, is a town in the middle of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, roughly halfway between the smaller towns of Cathcart and Sterkstroom on the N6 national route. The town was established in 1853 and is currently the commercial, administrative, and educational centre of the surrounding farming district.
TextEdit (API)
TextEdit was the name of a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) in the classic Mac OS for performing text editing.

These APIs provided a common text handling system to support text entry fields in dialog boxes and other simple text editing within the Macintosh GUI. Over time, they were extended to provide more advanced text editing features, but its limited initial scope proved to be a fundamental limitation. Apple repeatedly stated that TextEdit was not a word processor, and therefore providing rich text editing was always left to third-party developers.

Word processor
A word processor (WP) is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features.

Early word processors were stand-alone devices dedicated to the function, but current word processors are primarily word processor programs running on general purpose computers, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers, with dedicated hardware word processors being confined to a small niche market.

The functions of a word processor program are typically between those of a simple text editor and a desktop publishing program. Many word processing programs have gained advanced features over time providing similar functionality to desktop publishing programs.

Common word processor programs include LibreOffice Writer, Google Docs and Microsoft Word.