hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation (also McConnell Clark Foundation, Clark Foundation, or EMCF) is a New York-based institution that currently focuses on providing opportunities for low-income youth (ages 9–24) in the United States. The Foundation makes large, long-term investments, frequently in partnership with other funders, in programs with proven outcomes and growth potential to meet the urgent needs of disadvantaged young people. 
The foundation previously worked in criminal justice reform,
systematic school reform,
tropical disease research, and child protection.  The founder's fortune was passed from her father, Avon founder David H. McConnell.

Criminal justice reform
Criminal justice reform is the reform of criminal justice systems. 
Stated reasons for criminal justice reform include reducing crime statistics, racial profiling, police brutality, overcriminalization, mass incarceration, under-reporting, and recidivism or improving Victims' rights, Prisoners' rights and crime prevention. Criminal justice reform can take place at any point where the criminal justice system intervenes in citizens’ lives, including lawmaking, policing, and sentencing.
Hyla Willis
Hyla Willis is an American artist. She is a founding member of subRosa, a feminist art collective and teaches media arts at Robert Morris University. In her work and teaching, Willis uses the cultural and political economies of graphic design, creative experimentation, and acoustic ecology.

Robert Morris University
Robert Morris University (RMU) is a private university in Moon Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded in 1921 and is named after Robert Morris, known as the "financier of the American Revolution". It enrolls nearly 5,000 students and offers 60 bachelor's degree programs and 35 master's and doctoral programs.
Thiol S-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a thiol S-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiol  S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thioether

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and thiol, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and thioether.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:thiol S-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include S-methyltransferase, thiol methyltransferase, and TMT.  This enzyme participates in selenoamino acid metabolism.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
The Wozard of Iz
The Wozard of Iz (also known as The Wozard of Iz: An Electronic Odyssey) is a 1968 album of electronic music composed and realized by Mort Garson and conceived and written by Jacques Wilson. It psychedelically parodies the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, setting the characters in the 1960s with a hippie mindset. Throughout the story the main character, Dorothy, seeks out "where it's at".

The album was released the year following another collaboration between Garson and Wilson, The Zodiac: Cosmic Sounds, a concept album issued by Elektra Records.

Barney Phillips
Bernard Philip Ofner (October 20, 1913 – August 17, 1982), better known by his stage name Barney Phillips, was an American film, television, and radio actor. His roles include that of Sgt. Ed Jacobs on the 1950s Dragnet television series, appearances in the 1960s on The Twilight Zone, in which he played a Venusian living under cover on Earth in "Will the Real Martian Please Stand Up?", and supporting roles as Major "Doc" Kaiser in ABC military drama 12 O'Clock High, and as actor Fletcher Huff in the  1970s CBS series The Betty White Show.
Day of the Walloon Region
The Day of the Walloon Region or simply the Day of Wallonia (French: Fête de la Wallonie) is the annual public holiday of Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium. It is celebrated each third Sunday of September and commemorates the participation of the Walloons to the Belgian Revolution in 1830.

Walloons
Walloons (/wɒˈluːnz/ WOL-oonz; French: Wallons [walɔ̃] ⓘ; Walloon: Walons; Dutch: Walen) are a Gallo-Romance ethnic group native to Wallonia, Belgium. Walloons primarily speak langues d'oïl such as Belgian French, Picard and Walloon. Walloons are primarily Roman Catholic, with a historical minority of Protestantism which dates back to the Reformation era.

In modern Belgium, Walloons are, by law, termed a "distinctive linguistic and ethnic community" within the country, as are the neighbouring Flemish, a Dutch (Germanic) speaking community.

When understood as a regional identification, the ethnonym is also extended to refer to the inhabitants of the Walloon region in general, regardless of ethnicity or ancestry.
Bozoğlak, Baskil
Bozoğlak, also known as Berete, (Kurdish: Dihî mezin)  is a village in the Baskil District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 80 in 2021. The hamlet of Dolma is attached to the village.

Founded by the Bucak of Muşar, the village is mostly populated by Kurds.

Villages of Turkey
A village (Turkish: köy, karye in the Ottoman era) is the second smallest settlement unit in Turkey.

The 51 regular provinces of Turkey and 30 province-level metropolitan municipalities are divided into districts.

A 2013 reform converted all 16,803 villages in the metropolitan municipalities, into neighborhoods (Turkish: mahalle) of the districts.

Remaining villages are in the rural areas of the districts in regular provinces, and have about 8.7% of the country's population. Each village or neighborhood elects a muhtar. Some more populous villages have been incorporated as towns (Turkish: belde), but in the others, the muhtar is responsible for all village services.

As of 2023, there are 18,277 villages and 32,261 neighbourhoods in Turkey.
Chappad Phaad Ke
Chhappad Phaad Ke is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Sameer Hemant Joshi, produced and bankrolled by Yoodlee films, film division of Saregama with Vinay Pathak, Siddharth Menon, Ayesha Raza Mishra and Sheetal Thakur in lead roles for Hotstar Specials. The story revolves around a middle class family, who is low on finances but high on morals and how their life takes a turn when they find a bag full of money. It began streaming exclusively on Hotstar from 18 October 2019.

Yoodlee Films
Yoodlee Films is an Indian film production company, a division of Saregama India Limited. Founded in 2017, it is headquartered in Mumbai and is headed by Siddharth Anand Kumar. The studio credits itself for "fearless filmmaking". Their films are shot at real locations with a maximum duration not more than 120 minutes. Since its inception, Yoodlee Films has made 17 films across genres and languages, debuting with the critically acclaimed Ajji (2017).
Anthony George Manzo
Anthony George Manzo (born 1958) was elected Senator for the Taraba North Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria, taking office on 29 May 2007. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP).

Taraba State
TarabaListenⓘ  is a state in north-eastern Nigeria, named after the Taraba River, which traverses the southern part of the state. It is nicknamed "Nature's Gift to the Nation". The state capital is Jalingo. It is home to a diverse population including about 80 distinct ethnicities and their languages.
Cruwys Morchard
Cruwys Morchard /ˌkruːz ˈmɔːrtʃɑːrd/ is an ecclesiastical and civil parish in the Mid Devon district of the county of Devon in England. It is located about four to five miles west of Tiverton along the road to Witheridge. The parish covers about 5,765 acres (23.33 km2) of land, and comprises a number of scattered houses and farms, and three small hamlets, Pennymoor, Way Village and Nomansland. The church and the manor house are in the centre of the parish. The population at the time of the 2000 census was 461. The parish takes its name from the Cruwys family who have been Lords of the Manor here since the reign of King John (1199–1216).

Mid Devon
50°54′00″N 3°29′24″W﻿ / ﻿50.900°N 3.490°W﻿ / 50.900; -3.490

Mid Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. The council is based in the district's largest town of Tiverton. The district also contains the towns of Bampton, Bradninch, Crediton and Cullompton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Part of the district lies within the Blackdown Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are East Devon, Teignbridge, West Devon, Torridge, North Devon and Somerset.
Brian Garrow
Brian Garrow (born April 8, 1968) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Garrow competed in doubles events from 1988 through 1992, winning two titles and reaching a top ranking of World No. 42 in 1991.

Garrow's top singles ranking was World No. 93, achieved in late October 1990.  He captured one challenger tournament, the 1989 Winnetka Challenger, and reached the semi-finals in one Grand Prix event, the 1990 Rio de Janeiro Open.  Garrow played on the tour in singles from 1988 through 1991, competing  in challenger events.

Garrow was a three-time all-American at UCLA. He was the first player in the 1980s to reach the NCAA finals for both the singles and doubles tournament in the same year, 1988, winning the doubles partnering Patrick Galbraith. He lost in the singles final to Robbie Weiss of Pepperdine.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.
National Cycle Route 88
National Cycle Route 88 (or NCR 88) is a route of the United Kingdom National Cycle Network, running from Newport to its planned finish site at Margam.

The full route planned will pass along the coast of South Wales, largely east–west from Newport to Cardiff and on to Margam via Bridgend, and in total may go on to stretch for 78 km (48 mi) in length. The route is so far formed by a mixture of some new paths, such as a boardwalk made of recycled material around Caerleon, stone paths through Newport city centre, and in other places public highways. On some linked paths such as canal paths, a hybrid or 'hard tail' mountain bike fitted with wide road tyres would be most suitable.

Newport city centre and Cardiff are both easily reached on the rail network. Typically South Wales is more accessible through the canal paths heading up north into the valleys than east to west.

National Cycle Network
The National Cycle Network (NCN) was established to encourage cycling and walking throughout the United Kingdom, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant.

However, Sustrans themselves only own around 2% of the paths on the network, the rest being made of existing public highways and rights of way, and permissive paths negotiated by Sustrans with private landowners.

In 2017, the Network was used for over 786 million cycling and walking trips, made by 4.4 million people.

In 2020, around a quarter of the NCN was scrapped on safety grounds, leaving 12,739 miles (20,501 km) of signed routes. These are made up of 5,220 miles (8,400 km) of traffic-free paths with the remaining 7,519 miles (12,101 km) on-road. It uses shared use paths, disused railways, minor roads, canal towpaths and traffic-calmed routes in towns and cities.
Andhra Pradesh Special Economic Zone
The Andhra Pradesh Special Economic Zone (APSEZ) is a multi-product Special Economic Zone located in the Atchutapuram and Rambilli mandals of Visakhapatnam district, in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the largest Special Economic Zones in the state and is administered by the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC). The SEZ was formally notified on 12 April 2007 and developed as part of the state's industrial promotion policies.

Visakhapatnam district
Visakhapatnam district  is one of the six districts in the Uttarandhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, headquartered at Visakhapatnam.: 14  It is one of the twenty-six districts in Andhra Pradesh state. The district shares borders with Vizianagaram district in North and South-East and with Anakapalli district in the  south-west and Bay of Bengal in the south respectively.: 15
Age of Mastery
The Age of Mastery is the fourth studio album released by American power metal band Jag Panzer, released in 1998. Lead guitarist Joey Tafolla was replaced by Chris Broderick. "False Messiah" is a Jack Starr cover.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Pieter Hintjens
Pieter Hintjens (3 December 1962 – 4 October 2016) was a Belgian software developer, author, and past president of the Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII), an association that fights against software patents. In 2007, he was nominated one of the "50 most influential people in IP" by Managing Intellectual Property magazine.

Software patent
A software patent is a patent on a piece of software, such as a computer program, library, user interface, or algorithm. The validity of these patents can be difficult to evaluate, as software is often at once a product of engineering, something typically eligible for patents, and an abstract concept, which is typically not. This gray area, along with the difficulty of patent evaluation for intangible, technical works such as libraries and algorithms, makes software patents a frequent subject of controversy and litigation.

Different jurisdictions have radically different policies concerning software patents, including a blanket ban, no restrictions, or attempts to distinguish between purely mathematical constructs and "embodiments" of these constructs. For example, an algorithm itself may be judged unpatentable, but its use in software judged patentable.
Kaituna River (Canterbury)
The Kaituna River is a small watercourse on Banks Peninsula, New Zealand, which discharges into Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora. Its source is several small streams arising on the southern slope of Mount Herbert  / Te Ahu Pātiki, and it flows south-west for 15 kilometres, being joined by the Okana Stream, and ending in the remains of Kaituna Lagoon (Māori: Motumotuao). The river gives its name to the steep sheep-grazed Kaituna Valley which provides access to the walking tracks and mountain tops of Mount Bradley and Mt Herbert.

The Māori name Kaituna, or "a place to eat eels", referred the river. The river and its valley were a traditional ara tawhito (travel route) for Māori living on Banks Peninsula, providing a relatively easy route to connect mahinga kai (food gathering sites) at Te Waihora with the more established settlements around Whakaraupō and Koukourarata to the north.

Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora is a shallow coastal lagoon or waituna, in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. It is directly to the west of Banks Peninsula, separated from the Pacific Ocean by the long, narrow, sandy Kaitorete Spit. It lies partially in extreme southeastern Selwyn District and partially in the city of Christchurch's district. The lake holds high historical and cultural significance to the indigenous Māori population and the traditional Māori name Te Waihora means spreading waters. It has officially had a dual English/Māori name since at least 1938.
John Greenwood (educator)
John Greenwood (died 1609) was an English schoolmaster.

Greenwood was matriculated as a pensioner of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1558; removed to Catharine Hall, of which he was afterwards fellow; proceeded B.A. in 1561–62, and commenced M.A. in 1565. He became master of the grammar school at Brentwood, Essex, where he appears to have died at an advanced age in 1609. His only work is Syntaxis et Prosodia, versiculis compositæ, Cambridge, 1590, 8vo.

St Catharine's College, Cambridge
St Catharine's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. Founded in 1473 as Katharine Hall, it adopted its current name in 1860. The college is nicknamed "Catz". The college is located in the historic city-centre of Cambridge, and lies just south of King's College and across the street from Corpus Christi College. The college is notable for its open court (rather than closed quadrangle) that faces towards Trumpington Street.

The college community consists of approximately 1000 Fellows, graduate and undergraduate students, and staff. The college is led by a Master, and the college is run by a governing body comprising the official and professorial Fellows of the college, chaired by the Master. The current Master, Sir John Benger took up office on 1 October 2023.
Junction, Ohio
Junction is an unincorporated community in western Auglaize Township, Paulding County, Ohio, United States.  It lies along the concurrent State Routes 111 and 637.  The Auglaize River flows along the eastern edge of the community.  It is located midway between the village of Paulding, the county seat of Paulding County, and the city of Defiance, the county seat of Defiance County.

Paulding, Ohio
Paulding is a village in and the county seat of Paulding County, Ohio, United States. It is located predominantly in Paulding Township about 64 miles (103 km) southwest of Toledo.  The population was 3,555 at the 2020 census.
Leo Cook
John Leo Falconbridge Cook (December 4, 1892 – September 3, 1964) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played with the Spokane Canaries and Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, as well as the Regina Capitals and Edmonton Eskimos of the Western Canada Hockey League. He died in 1964.

Leo Cook played with his brother Lloyd Cook on the 1916–17 Spokane Canaries and 1917–18 Vancouver Millionaires teams.

Edmonton Eskimos (ice hockey)
The Edmonton Eskimos were a Canadian amateur and later professional men's ice hockey team that existed from 1911 to 1927. After playing in senior hockey in the Alberta-based Big-4 League, the Eskimos joined the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) for the inaugural 1921–22 WCHL season, and played for the Stanley Cup against the Ottawa Senators in the 1923 Stanley Cup Finals, as the WCHL Champions. Team alumni include Hockey Hall of Fame members Eddie Shore, Duke Keats and Bullet Joe Simpson.

While the Edmonton Eskimos disbanded after the 1926–27 season, the name was adopted by a new team in 1932–33, playing for four years before it disbanded. The name was adopted by another new team for a single 1938–39 season.
Ratchet effect
The ratchet effect is a concept in sociology and economics illustrating the difficulty with reversing a course of action once a specific thing has occurred, analogous with the mechanical ratchet that allows movement in one direction and seizes or tightens in the opposite. The concept has been applied to multiple fields of study and is related to the phenomena of scope creep, mission creep, and feature creep.

Collingridge dilemma
The Collingridge dilemma is a methodological quandary in which efforts to influence or control the further development of technology face a double-bind problem:

An information problem: impacts cannot be easily predicted until the technology is extensively developed and widely used.

A power problem: control or change is difficult when the technology has become entrenched.

The idea was coined by David Collingridge at the University of Aston Technology Policy Unit in his 1980 book The Social Control of Technology. The dilemma is a basic point of reference in technology assessment debates.
Atlanta Fire Rescue Department
The Atlanta Fire Rescue Department is the fire department of the City of Atlanta and provides fire protection and first responder emergency medical services to the city of Atlanta, Georgia. The department is responsible for an area of 132.6 square miles (343 km2) with over 519,000 residents. As of January 21, 2021, the Fire Chief is Roderick M. Smith.

Fire protection
Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, owners and operators may be responsible for maintaining their facilities in accordance with a design-basis rooted in law, including local building and fire codes.

Buildings must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, enforced by fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters, fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire.