hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vinyl cation
The vinyl cation is a carbocation with the positive charge on an alkene carbon. Its empirical formula of the parent ion is C2H+3. Vinyl cation are invoked as reactive intermediates in solvolysis of vinyl halides, as well as electrophilic addition to alkynes and allenes.

Solvolysis
In chemistry, solvolysis is a type of nucleophilic substitution (SN1/SN2) or  elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. Characteristic of SN1 reactions, solvolysis of a chiral reactant affords the racemate. Sometimes however, the stereochemical course is complicated by intimate ion pairs, whereby the leaving anion remains close to the carbocation, effectively shielding it from an attack by the nucleophile. Particularly fast reactions can occur by neighbour group participation, with nonclassical ions as intermediates or transition states.
John Campbell (Quebec politician)
John Campbell (born 2 January 1936 in Valleyfield, Quebec) is a former Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was an insurance agent and businessman by career.

From 1967 to 1980, he was a Lasalle city councillor. He won the Lasalle electoral district in the 1972 federal election and was re-elected in the 1974, 1979 and 1980 federal elections. In the 1984 federal election, he was defeated by Claude Lanthier of the Progressive Conservative party. He served four consecutive terms from the 29th Canadian Parliament through the 32nd Canadian Parliament.

1980 Canadian federal election
The 1980 Canadian federal election was held on February 18, 1980, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 32nd Parliament of Canada. It was called when the budget of the minority Progressive Conservative government led by Prime Minister Joe Clark was defeated in the Commons. As of 2025, it remains the most recent election triggered by the defeat of a government budget in the Commons. The Liberal Party under former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau won a narrow majority, returning Trudeau to the Premiership for a fourth and ultimately final term. This is the most recent election – and the first since 1935 – in which a sitting government was defeated at the polls after only one elected term. This is also the most recent election in which the Liberals  won more seats in Quebec than in the rest of Canada – since this election, no party has ever bested the Liberals' 74-seat showing in Quebec.
Tso-ay
Tso-ay, also known as Panayotishn or Pe-nel-tishn, today widely known by his nickname as "Peaches", (c. 1853 – December 16, 1933) was a Chiricahua, Western Apache warrior, who also served as a scout for General George Crook during the Apache Wars. Tso-ay was wounded while fighting alongside Geronimo and Chihuahua against Mexican troops, who had ambushed them after the Apache had crossed the border while being pursued by American troops.

George Crook
George R. Crook (September 8, 1828 – March 21, 1890) was a career United States Army officer who served in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. He is best known for commanding U.S. forces in the 1886 campaign that led to the defeat of the Apache leader Geronimo. As a result, the Apache nicknamed Crook Nantan Lupan, which means "Chief Wolf."
Mount English
Mount English is a 2,680-metre (8,793-foot) mountain summit located in the Gold Range of the Monashee Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. Situated 17 km (11 mi) southwest of Revelstoke, this peak is visible from the Trans-Canada Highway and Revelstoke Mountain Resort ski slopes. Neighbors include Mount Macpherson 8 km (5.0 mi) to the northeast, Mount Tilley 5 km (3.1 mi) to the east, and Mount Begbie is 8 km (5.0 mi) to the east. Precipitation runoff from Mount English drains into tributaries of the Eagle River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,540 m (5,050 ft) above Wap Creek in 3 km (1.9 mi).

Revelstoke Mountain Resort
Revelstoke Mountain Resort (RMR) is a ski resort on Mount Mackenzie, just outside Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada. It is owned by Northland Properties.

Currently, the resort has a 1,710 metres (5,620 ft) vertical drop, the longest vertical descent of any ski resort in North America. In terms of size, it is about the same as other major resorts, such as Breckenridge and Panorama, and about a third the size of Whistler-Blackcomb. When completed, it will have 10,000 acres (40 km2), which will make it the largest in North America.
Issah Adam Yakubu
Vice Admiral Issah Adam Yakubu (born 10 March 1965) is a Ghanaian military officer currently serving as the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) of the Ghana Navy. He assumed the position on 5 February 2021, following his appointment by then President of Ghana and Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. Vice Admiral Yakubu was confirmed as the 18th Chief of the Naval Staff by then President on 4 March 2021.

United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea
The United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) was established by the United Nations Security Council in July 2000 to monitor a ceasefire in the border war that began in 1998 between Ethiopia and Eritrea. First military troops Netherlands - Canadian battalion 'NECBAT' arrived and established bases in the region in December 2000.

The mission was formally abandoned in July 2008 after experiencing serious difficulties in sustaining its troops due to fuel stoppages and after due consideration of remaining options.
Örjan Lüning
Örjan Lüning (30 May 1919 − 24 September 1995) was a Swedish philatelist who was a specialist in aerophilately. In 1979 he was awarded the Crawford Medal for his work Luftpostens historia i Norden - The history of airmail in Scandinavia. His Large Gold Medal winning collection of pioneer flights and airmail of Scandinavia together with his Gold Medal collection of Denmark were sold by Corinphila in 2001.

He was also an architect, and his work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Crawford Medal
See also Crawford Award for fantasy novels.
See also Max Crawford Medal Australian academic award.

The Crawford Medal is a vermeil medal awarded by the Royal Philatelic Society London for the most valuable and original contribution to the study and knowledge of philately published in book form during the relevant period.

The medal is named after James Lindsay, 26th Earl of Crawford, who by the time of his death in 1913 had amassed the greatest philatelic library of his time.
Castle Espie
Castle Espie is a wetland reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT) on the banks of Strangford Lough, three miles south of Comber, County Down, Northern Ireland, in the townland of the same name. It is part of the Strangford Lough Ramsar Site. It provides an early wintering site for almost the entire Nearctic population of pale-bellied brent geese. The Castle which gave the reserve its name no longer exists.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Sok (surname)
Sok (Khmer: សុខ) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Sok An (1950–2017), Cambodian academic and politician

Sok Chanphal (born 1984), Cambodian songwriter

Sok Chanraksmey (1992), former Cambodian footballer

Ho Sok Fong (1970), Chinese Malaysian writer

Jean Sok, French-born one-legged professional breakdancer

Khin Sok (1942–2011), Cambodian historian, linguist, literature and arts scholar

Sok Kong (1948), Khmer businessman and founder of Sokimex

Sok Rithy (born 1990), former Cambodian footballer

Sok Samnang (1995), Cambodian footballer

Sok San, Cambodian politician

Sok Siphana (1960), Cambodian lawyer

Sok Sovan (1992), former Cambodian footballer

Sok Sreymom, Cambodian film star

Sok Touch, Cambodian intellectual

Sok Sovan
Sok Sovan (Khmer: សុខ សុវណ្ណ born 5 April 1992) is a former Cambodian footballer who last played as a defender for Phnom Penh Crown and the Cambodia national football team. He made his debut in 2013 in a friendly against Guam.
Lady Shore (ship)
At least two vessels have borne the name Lady Shore, named for Lady Charlotte Shore, wife of Sir John Shore. Because these two vessels were launched within a year of each other, they are frequently conflated. Hackman conflates the second of these vessels with the Lady Shore launched at Calcutta in 1803.

Lady Shore (1793 ship) was launched in 1793 at Hull, made two voyages for the British East India Company, during the second of which a French privateer captured and looted her before letting her go. She then traded, primarily with the West Indies, until she was lost in 1815 in the St Lawrence.

Lady Shore (1794 ship) was launched at Calcutta in 1794 and made one trip transporting convicts to Australia during which the convicts mutinied and took over the ship.

Lady Shore (1803 ship) was a ship of 557 tons (bm), launched at Calcutta in 1803. She was sold at the Cape of Good Hope and renamed Henry Dundas. She was lost in the Hooghly River on 3 April 1823.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.
Los Número Uno
Los Número Uno: Éxitos 1968-2003 (The Number Ones 1968-2003) (2003) is the twentieth album and second compilation album by Mexican rock and blues band El Tri. Going back to the end of the Sixties when the band was only a trio known as Three Souls in my Mind the compilation take a couple of songs 30 years old as well as hits up to the latest albums.

Trio (music)
In music, a trio (from the Italian) is any of the following:

a composition for three performers or three musical parts

in larger works, the middle section of a ternary form (so named because of the 17th-century practice of scoring the contrasting second or middle dance appearing between two statements of a principal dance for three instruments)

an ensemble of three instruments or voices performing trio compositions.
1993 NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament
The 1993 NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament began with 48 teams and ended on December 18, 1993, when Long Beach State defeated Penn State 3 games to 1 in the NCAA championship match.

Long Beach State won the program's second NCAA title. Led by Nichelle Burton's 28 kills and AVCA National Player of the Year Danielle Scott's 21 kills, the 49ers defeated Penn State 15–13, 12–15, 15–11, 16–14.

The NCAA's expansion of 32 tournament teams to 48 tournament teams began in 1993.

Penn State Nittany Lions women's volleyball
The Penn State Nittany Lions women's volleyball program has had a long tradition, founded in 1976 by Tom Tait, long-time coach of the Penn State men's team, who coached the women's team from 1976 to 1979 and was named a USA Volleyball All-Time great coach in 2007.

Russ Rose was the head coach from 1979 to 2021. He led the program to seven NCAA national championships, first in 1999, then in each year from 2007 through 2010, and in both 2013 and 2014. Rose has led the Nittany Lions to appearances in every NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament, making Penn State the only program in the nation to appear in every NCAA volleyball tournament since its inception in 1981. Rose is the nation's all-time leader in wins, winning percentage and NCAA tournament winning percentage.

Prior to entering the Big Ten Conference in 1991, Penn State experienced unprecedented success in the Atlantic 10 Conference, winning eight straight championships, never losing a conference match in that time.
Missouri Route 8
Route 8 is a 69-mile-long (111 km) state highway in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. It travels from Interstate 44 (I-44) in St. James to U.S. Route 67 (US 67) and US 67 Business in Desloge. It acts as a bypass, from I-44 in St. James, to US 67 in Desloge. Those who want to go to Ste. Genevieve can take US 67 Bus. through Park Hills to US 67, to Farmington, then take Route 32 to Ste. Genevieve.

Farmington, Missouri
Farmington is a city in and the county seat of St. Francois, Missouri, United States. It is in the Lead Belt region in Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,217. Farmington was established in 1822 as Murphy's Settlement, named for William Murphy of Kentucky, who first visited the site in 1798. When St. Francois County was organized, the town was briefly called St. Francois Court House and later renamed to Farmington.
Kiatjarern Ruangparn
Kiatjarern Ruangparn (Thai: เกียรติเจริญ เรืองปาน; born 9 April 1987) is a retired professional footballer from Thailand. He played in the 2010 Thai League Cup final and won a winner's medal after Thai Port defeated Buriram PEA F.C. 2-1.

2010 Thai League Cup
The 2010 Thai League Cup kicked off on 4 August 2010 with the Bangkok & field regional qualifiers. The Thai League Cup was readmitted back into Thai football after a 10-year absence. This edition was sponsored by Toyota thus naming it Toyota League Cup. The prize money for this prestigious award is said to be around 5 million baht and the runners-up will be netting 1 million baht.

The prize money was not the only benefit of this cup, the team winning the fair play spot wins a Hilux Vigo. The MVP of the competition got a Toyota Camry Hybrid Car. The winner of the cup earned the right to participate on a cup competition in Japan.

This was the first edition of the competition and the qualifying round was played in regions featuring clubs from the Regional League Division 2.
Gorka, Tver Oblast
Gorka (Russian: Горка) is a village along the Belaya River in Molokovsky District, Tver Oblast, Russia, formerly part of the abolished Molokosvky rural settlement municipality and located 17 kilometres north of the administrative center, Molokovo. According to Google Maps, Gorka has 7 small roads in its assigned area. According to the 2002 census, Gorka had 59 inhabitants, 31 men and 28 women, but this decreased to 58 inhabitants in 2008. Gorka has existed for over 162 years. In 1859 it had 22 households and 149 residents which increased in 1880 to 40 households and 253 residents but decreased in 1997 to 36 households and 93 residents.

Molokovsky District
Molokovsky District  (Russian: Молоко́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Sandovsky District in the north, Vesyegonsky District in the northeast, Krasnokholmsky District in the east, Bezhetsky District in the south, and with Maksatikhinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,182.6 square kilometers (456.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Molokovo. Population: 5,235 (2010 Census);  7,015 (2002 Census); 8,931 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Molokovo accounts for 44.5% of the district's total population.
3rd United States Congress
The 3rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 4, 1793, to March 4, 1795, during the fifth and sixth years of George Washington's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was governed by the Apportionment Act of 1792 and based on the 1790 census. The Senate had a Pro-Administration majority, and the House had an Anti-Administration majority.

Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives
The sergeant at arms of the United States House of Representatives is an officer of the House with law enforcement, protocol, and administrative responsibilities. The sergeant at arms is elected at the beginning of each Congress by the membership of the House.
Eucephalus engelmannii
Eucephalus engelmannii is a North American species in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Engelmann's aster. It is native to the United States and Canada from Alberta and British Columbia to far northern California and Colorado.

E. engelmannii grows in mountain woods and meadows. It is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex and sending a slender, branching, hairy stem to a maximum height near 1.5 metres (5 feet). The mostly leaves are generally oval and up to 10 centimetres (4 inches) long, with some hair on the bottom and the basal leaves much reduced. The inflorescence holds several flower heads lined in keeled, pointed, hairy-edged phyllaries with purplish margins at the tips. Each head has 8–13 white to pinkish or purplish ray florets each up to 2 cm (3⁄4 in) long, surrounding a 4–6.5 cm (1+1⁄2–2+1⁄2 in) circle of yellow disc florets. The fruit is a hairy achene.

Phyllary
In botanical terminology, a phyllary, also known an involucral bract or tegule, is a single bract of the involucre of a composite flower. The involucre is the grouping of bracts together. Phyllaries are reduced leaf-like structures that form one or more whorls immediately below a flower head.
Izabella Godlewska
Izabella Godlewska de Aranda (18 December 1931 in Słonim – 12 June 2018 in Madrid) was a Polish painter and sculptor. Her work was exhibited at the National Museum, Kraków in 2005, and is in the collections of the District Museum in Toruń. She was a great-granddaughter of numismatist Emeryk Hutten-Czapski.

Slonim
Slonim is a town in Grodno Region, in western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slonim District. It is located at the junction of the Shchara and Isa rivers, 143 km (89 mi) southeast of Grodno. As of 2025, it has a population of 48,402.
Helena Frith Powell
Helena Frith Powell is an author and a columnist.

Frith Powell was born in Sweden to a Swedish mother and an Italian father. She studied at Durham University, where she wrote for Palatinate and also served on the Fashion Show committee. She writes the 'French Mistress' column in The Sunday Times about living in France and has also contributed to Tatler and Harper's.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked recessive disease characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), immune deficiency, and bloody diarrhea (secondary to the thrombocytopenia). It is also sometimes called the eczema-thrombocytopenia-immunodeficiency syndrome in keeping with Aldrich's original description in 1954. The WAS-related disorders of X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) and X-linked congenital neutropenia (XLN) may present with similar but less severe symptoms and are caused by mutations of the same gene.

Missense mutation
In genetics, a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. It is a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Missense mutations change amino acids, which in turn alter proteins and may alter a protein's function or structure. These mutations may arise spontaneously from mutagens like UV radiation, tobacco smoke, an error in DNA replication, and other factors. Screening for missense mutations can be done by sequencing the genome of an organism and comparing the sequence to a reference genome to analyze for differences. Missense mutations can be repaired by the cell when there are errors in DNA replication by using mechanisms such as DNA proofreading and mismatch repair. They can also be repaired by using genetic engineering technologies or pharmaceuticals. Some notable examples of human diseases caused by missense mutations are Rett syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and sickle-cell disease.
Tennessee State Route 87
State Route 87 (SR 87) is a secondary state highway located in Lauderdale and Haywood counties in West Tennessee.  SR 87 runs west to east through mixed terrain of bluffs and rolling hills in Lauderdale County and mostly river bottoms in Haywood County.  SR 87 is a two-lane facility throughout its length and features a 50-55 MPH speed limit depending on terrain.  This highway is also narrow and in poor condition in several locations.  This highway provides direct access to West Tennessee State Penitentiary and indirect access to Fort Pillow State Park via State Route 207.  The western terminus of SR 87 is notable due to the extreme levels of erosion from the Mississippi River that has created a very sharp and unstable "cliff" that forced TDOT to erect a barricade to stop vehicles from driving over the edge and into the river.

Tennessee Department of Transportation
The Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) is the department of transportation for the State of Tennessee, with multimodal responsibilities in roadways, aviation, public transit, waterways, and railroads. It was established in 1915 as the Tennessee Department of Highways and Public Works, and renamed the Tennessee Department of Transportation in 1972. The core agency mission of TDOT is to provide a safe and reliable transportation system for people, goods, and services that supports economic prosperity in Tennessee. Since 1998, TDOT has been ranked amongst the top five in the nation for quality highway infrastructure. It is primarily headquartered in downtown Nashville and operates four regional offices in Chattanooga, Jackson, Knoxville, and Nashville.
Storkonflikten 1980
Storkonflikten 1980 (The Great Conflict of 1980) was a major labour dispute in Sweden in 1980. Lasting from 25 April to 12 May and involving almost a million workers, it was the largest labour dispute in Sweden since the 1909 Swedish general strike.

Swedish Employers' Confederation
The Swedish Employers' Confederation (Swedish: Svenska Arbetsgivareföreningen, SAF) was a Swedish employers' organization founded in 1902. In 2001, SAF merged with the Federation of Swedish Industries (Sveriges Industriförbund) to form the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise.