hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Erie Arboretum
Lake Erie Arboretum is a young arboretum located within Frontier Park,  at the intersection of West 8th Street and Bayfront Parkway, Erie, Pennsylvania, United States. It is open to the public daily free of charge.

The arboretum was proposed in 1997 and the first tree was planted there in 1998. It now contains over 300 young trees representing some 225 tree varieties. New trees are still being added.

Some of the tree specimens represented in the arboretum include alder, catalpa, dogwood, douglas-fir, ginkgo, hawthorn, shagbark hickory, linden, honey locust, maple, scarlet oak, Russian olive, tulip-tree, black walnut, and corkscrew willow.

Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The species are known as linden or lime for the European and Asian species, and linden or basswood for North American species and more generally in American literature. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, but the genus also occurs widely in Europe and eastern North America. Under the Cronquist classification system, this genus was placed in the family Tiliaceae, but genetic research summarised by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has resulted in the incorporation of this genus, and of most of the previous family, into the Malvaceae.

Tilia is the only known ectomycorrhizal genus in the family Malvaceae. Studies of ectomycorrhizal relations of Tilia species indicate a wide range of fungal symbionts and a preference toward Ascomycota fungal partners.
Mureșan
Mureșan is a Romanian language surname. The name means "person from Mureș", a county of Romania.

Notable people with the name include:

Andrei Mureșan (born 1985), Romanian football player

Gabriel Mureșan (born 1982), Romanian football player

Gheorghe Mureșan (born 1971), Romanian basketball player, noted for being the tallest player in NBA history

Lucian Mureșan (1931–2025), Romanian major archbishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church

Mihai Mureșan (born 2002), România rugby union player

Mircea Mureșan (1928–2020), Romanian film director

Robert Mureșan (born 1991), Romanian motorcycle racer

Sever Mureșan (1948–2024), Romanian tennis player

Mircea Mureșan
Mircea Mureșan (11 November 1928 – 24 April 2020) was a Romanian film director. He directed 22 films between 1961 and 2004. Mureșan won the prize for Best First Work at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival for the film Răscoala.

Born in Sibiu, he attended from 1939 to 1947 the Gheorghe Lazăr High School in his native city. He then played at the State Theatre of Sibiu for four years, after which he went to Bucharest to pursue his studies, graduating from the Institute of Film I.L. Caragiale in 1955.

His film career, which began with film adaptations, gradually reoriented towards comedy, with rare trips into documentaries. From 1974 to 1989 Mureșan was vice-president of the Romanian Filmmakers Association. In 2002, he was awarded by then-President Ion Iliescu the National Order of Faithful Service, Knight rank.

He was married to actress Rodica Mureșan. He died in Bucharest in 2020, aged 91, and was buried in the city's Bellu Cemetery.
2008 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – Pool C
Group C of the 2008 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II was one of four pools in the Americas Zone Group II of the 2008 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with each team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I.

2008 Fed Cup
The 2008 Fed Cup was the 46th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis.

The final took place at Club de Campo Villa de Madrid in Madrid, Spain, on 13–14 September. The home team, Spain, lost to the defending champion Russia, 0–4, giving Russia their fourth title in five years.
Rootstrikers
Rootstrikers is a nonpartisan grassroots activist organization run by Demand Progress and created by Harvard Law School professor Lawrence Lessig and political activist Joe Trippi (a Democratic campaign worker and consultant) for the purpose of fighting political corruption in the United States and reducing the role of special interest money in elections. According to Lessig, the idea is not to hack at the branches of the problem but rather focus on its root, which Lessig views as a corrupt campaign finance system, and hence he named the organization rootstrikers.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Diet for a New America
Diet for a New America is a 1987 book by John Robbins. The book links the impacts of factory farming on human health, animal welfare and the environment, in an "animal-rights, pro-environment, vegetarian message." In 1991, KCET produced it as the documentary, Diet for a New America: Your Health, Your Planet.

KCET
KCET (channel 28) is a secondary PBS member television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is owned by the Public Media Group of Southern California alongside the market's primary PBS member, Huntington Beach–licensed KOCE-TV (channel 50). The two stations share studios at The Pointe (on West Alameda Avenue and Bob Hope Drive, between The Burbank Studios and Walt Disney Studios complexes) in Burbank; KCET's transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson in the San Gabriel Mountains (north of Sierra Madre).
Glutamate 1-kinase
In enzymology, a glutamate 1-kinase (EC 2.7.2.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + L-glutamate  ADP + alpha-L-glutamyl phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and L-glutamate, whereas its two products are ADP and alpha-L-glutamyl phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a carboxy group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:L-glutamate 1-phosphotransferase.

Phosphotransferase
In biochemistry, phosphotransferases are enzymess that catalyze phosphorylations (addition of inorganic phosphate, abbreviated P, to some substrate)

Two kinds of phosphotransferases are kinases where ATP donates P and phosphorylases where inorganic phosphate is the P donor.
Province of the Bohemian Forest Region
The Province of the Bohemian Forest Region or Bohemian Woods (German: Provinz Böhmerwaldgau; Czech: Šumavská župa) was an unrecognised province in Bohemia (in the present-day Czech Republic), self-proclaimed by local German officials at the end of the First World War in reaction to the 18 October 1918 proclamation of independence of the First Czechoslovak Republic. Its stated capital was at Prachatice (German: Prachatitz). It claimed parts of southwestern Bohemia in the Bohemian Forest once mainly populated by ethnic Germans, and sought to attach itself to the Province of Upper Austria in the unrecognised Republic of German-Austria, the rump state of Austria-Hungary that was in the process of falling apart.

Bohemian Forest
The Bohemian Forest (known in Czech as Šumava (pronounced [ˈʃumava] ⓘ) and in German as Böhmerwald) is a low mountain range in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. The mountains extend from the Plzeň and South Bohemian regions into Upper Austria and Bavaria, and form the highest truncated uplands of the Bohemian Massif, up to 50 kilometres (31 mi) wide. They create a natural border between the Czech Republic on one side and Austria and Germany on the other.
Otodus chubutensis
Otodus chubutensis, meaning "ear-shaped tooth of Chubut", from Ancient Greek ὠτ (ōt, meaning "ear") and ὀδούς (odoús, meaning "tooth") – thus, "ear-shaped tooth", is an extinct species of prehistoric megatoothed sharks in the genus Otodus, lived from  Early Miocene to Middle Miocene, between 23 and 11.6 milion years ago. Some fossils dated of Late Oligocene were found, and possibly belong to this species, but are in debate. The largest individuals were about 13.5 metres (44 ft) long. This shark is considered a close relative of the famous  prehistoric megatoothed shark O. megalodon. Teeth believed to belong to this shark have been found in the Pisco Formation and other Early Pliocene deposits, but it is difficult to determine the exact species. However, as is the case with O. megalodon, the classification of this species is disputed.

Chubut Province
Chubut (Spanish: Provincia del Chubut [tʃuˈβut] – from Tehuelche chupat 'transparent'; Welsh: Talaith Chubut [taˈlaɪθ ˈχɨbɨt]) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning 'transparent', their description of the Chubut River.

The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it had 199,369 inhabitants at the 2022 Census. The administrative capital is Rawson (27,157). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn (97,625), Trelew (104,657), Esquel (36,624) and Sarmiento (13,892). Gaiman (6,376) is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as Y Wladfa in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated.
Woman in the Dark (1934 film)
Woman in the Dark (also released as Woman in the Shadows) is a 1934 American crime drama film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Fay Wray and Ralph Bellamy. It was written by Sada Cowan and Charles Williams based on a 1933 short story by Dashiell Hammett. It was filmed at Biograph Studios by Select Pictures and released by RKO Radio Pictures.

Phil Rosen
Philip E. Rosen (May 8, 1888 – October 22, 1951) was an American film director and cinematographer. He directed more than 140 films between 1915 and 1949.

He was born in Marienburg, German Empire (now, Malbork, Poland), grew up in Machias, Maine, and died in Hollywood, California, of a heart attack. He was one of the founders of the American Society of Cinematographers. Rosen was married to model and actress Joyzelle Joyner.

Rosen was meant to direct The Mad Dog of Europe, a film written by Herman J. Mankiewicz with Rudolph Hitler as its central character, but the film was never made.
2003 Nordea Nordic Light Open – Doubles
Svetlana Kuznetsova and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Kuznetsova chose to compete at Los Angeles during the same week, reaching the semifinals, while Sánchez Vicario retired from professional tennis at the end of the 2002 season.

Evgenia Kulikovskaya and Elena Tatarkova won the title by defeating Tatiana Perebiynis and Silvija Talaja 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Evgenia Kulikovskaya
Evgenia Borisovna Kulikovskaya (Russian: Евгения Борисовна Куликовская; born 21 December 1978) is a former professional tennis player from Russia.

She reached her highest singles ranking of No. 91 in June 2003. She had more success in doubles, winning four doubles titles on the WTA Tour and reaching the top 50.

A rarity among tennis players, Kulikovskaya is ambidextrous; she played with two forehands and no backhand, switching her racket hand depending on where the ball was coming from.
Palitana
Palitana is a town in the Bhavnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is one of the most significant pilgrimage destinations for followers of Jainism, renowned for the Shatrunjaya hill temples, a sprawling complex of over 900 marble temples considered among the holiest in Jainism.

In 2014, Palitana became the first city in the world to be officially declared vegetarian, prohibiting the sale of meat, fish, and eggs, in alignment with its strong Jain ethical values. Located approximately 50 kilometres southwest of Bhavnagar, the city was historically a princely state during British rule.

Anandji Kalyanji Trust
Anandji Kalyanji Trust (Gujarati શેઠ આનંદજી કલ્યાણજી પેઢી) is the largest and the oldest Jain trust, managed by lay Jains, with headquarters at Ahmedabad which manages more than 1200 Jain temples. The original charitable trust is said to have been founded somewhere in decades of 1630–40 AD and is running under name  Anandji Kalyanji ni Pedhi or Anandji Kalyanji Trust since decade of 1720.
Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow
The Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT) is a US-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1985 that advocates for free-market solutions to environmental issues. According to its mission statement, CFACT also seeks to protect private property rights, promote economic policies that reduce pollution and protect wildlife, and provide an "alternative voice on issues of environment and development".

The organization rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.

Property rights (economics)
Property rights are constructs in economics for determining how a resource or economic good is used and owned, which have developed over ancient and modern history, from Abrahamic law to Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Resources can be owned by (and hence be the property of) individuals, associations, collectives, or governments.

Property rights can be viewed as an attribute of an economic good. This attribute has three broad components, and is often referred to as a bundle of rights in the United States:

the right to use the good

the right to earn income from the good

the right to transfer the good to others, alter it, abandon it, or destroy it (the right to ownership cessation)

Economists such as Adam Smith stress that the expectation of profit from "improving one's stock of capital" rests on the concept of private property rights.
The Melted Coins
Children's literature portal

Novels portal

The Melted Coins is the twenty-third volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Leslie McFarlane in 1944. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1970 by Andrew E. Svenson resulting in two different stories with the same title.

Stratemeyer Syndicate
The Stratemeyer Syndicate was an American book packaging company that produced a number of book series for children, including Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys, the various Tom Swift series, the Bobbsey Twins, the Rover Boys, and others. It contracted the many pseudonymous authors who wrote the series from 1899 to 1987, and arranged the publishing by firms such as Grosset & Dunlap. In 1987 it was sold to Simon & Schuster.
2015 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship
The 2015 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship was the eighth edition of the UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship, the annual European youth football competition contested by the women's under-17 national teams of the member associations of UEFA. Iceland hosted the tournament. Players born on or after 1 January 1998 were eligible to participate in this competition.

Each match lasted 80 minutes, consisting of two halves of 40 minutes, with an interval of 15 minutes.

UTC+00:00
UTC+00:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +00:00. This time zone is the basis of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and all other time zones are based on it. In ISO 8601, an example of the associated time would be written as 2069-01-01T12:12:34+00:00. It is also known by the following geographical or historical names:

Greenwich Mean Time

Western European Time

Azores Summer Time

Eastern Greenland Summer Time

Western Sahara Standard Time

Coordinated Universal Time
Sam Bat
Sam Bat, officially The Original Maple Bat Corporation, is a Canadian company based in the town of Carleton Place, Ontario that manufactures baseball bats. It was the first company to supply baseball bats manufactured from maple wood to professional baseball players. As of 2013, it is one of 32 licensed baseball bat suppliers for Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) players. It is also a bat supplier for baseball leagues throughout the world, including Germany, Japan, Korea, Italy, Mexico, and the Netherlands. It is the official bat manufacturer for the Australian Baseball League.

The company was founded in 1997 by Sam Holman, who manufactured bats in his garage at the company's inception. Its president is Arlene Anderson, who with her husband Jim and investor Paul Balharrie acquired shares in the company in 2008.

Carleton Place
Carleton Place is a town in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in Lanark County, about 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of downtown Ottawa. It is located at the crossroads of Highway 15 and Highway 7, halfway between the towns of Perth, Almonte, Smiths Falls, and the nation's capital, Ottawa. Canada's Mississippi River, a tributary of the Ottawa River flows through the town.  Mississippi Lake is just upstream by boat, as well as by car.

The town is situated on the edge of a large limestone plain, just south of the edge of the Canadian Shield in the deciduous forest ecoregion of North America.
Tham Phra Wang Daeng
Tham Phra Wang Daeng, also known as the Cave of the Monk (Thai: ถ้ำพระวังแดง), is a deep cave located in Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Amphoe Noen Maprang, Phitsanulok Province, upper central Thailand. It is the longest cave in Thailand, the distance is about 13 kilometers. Buddhist statues and relics, carvings and reliefs, a subterranean river, multiple bat colonies, and a trove of speleothems populate the cave. In 2003, a biological expedition to the cave resulted in the discovery of new fish species, including discoveries in the Balitoridae and Cyprinidae families.

Balitoridae
Balitoridae, the hillstream loaches or river loaches, is a family, of small fish from South, Southeast and East Asia. The family includes about 202 species. They are sometimes sold as "lizardfish" or (in Germany) "flossensaugers". Many of the species are popular for aquaria; species in the genus Sewellia are most commonly sold in the aquaria trade. They have a number of similarities with the Cobitidae, their sibling family of "loaches", such as multiple barbels around the mouth.  They should not be confused with the loricariids, which look similar but are a family of catfish.

Most species are rheophilic, living in swift, clear and well-oxygenated streams. Several species of the family live in fast-flowing streams or torrents and have modified ventral fins used for clinging to rocks.

The subfamily Nemacheilinae has recently been separated as a distinct family, Nemacheilidae (stone loaches) and several genera have been separated into the family Gastromyzontidae.
Aarau WSB railway station
Aarau WSB railway station (German: Bahnhof Aarau WSB) is a railway station in the municipality of Aarau, the capital city of the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is the principal intermediate point on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Schöftland–Aarau–Menziken line of Aargau Verkehr. The station is the main point of transfer to the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) lines, and is situated across Hintere Bahnhofstrasse from the south side of the SBB station. The station buildings and platforms of both stations are connected by a common pedestrian subway.

The station has three tracks, served by a side platform and an island platform.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Jung District
Jung District (Korean: 중구; Hanja: 中區; RR: Jung-gu; MR: Chung-gu), meaning "Central District", is the name of a gu (district) in several South Korean cities:

Jung District, Busan

Jung District, Daegu

Jung District, Daejeon

Jung District, Incheon

Jung District, Seoul

Jung District, Ulsan

Jung District, Daegu
Jung District (Korean: 중구; RR: Jung-gu) is a gu, or district, covering the downtown area of Daegu, South Korea.  It borders most of the other districts of Daegu, including Nam-gu to the south, Seo-gu to the west, Buk-gu to the north, and Dong District and Suseong District to the east.  The northern border is formed by the Gyeongbu Line railroad, and the eastern border by the Sincheon stream.

Jung-gu is at the nexus of Daegu Subway Line 1 and Daegu Subway Line 2.  Daegu Subway Line 3 will also pass through the district when it is completed.
West Budleigh Hundred
West Budleigh Hundred was the name of one of thirty two ancient administrative units of Devon, England.

The parishes in the hundred were:
Cheriton Fitzpaine,
Poughill,
Shobrooke,
Stockleigh English,
Stockleigh Pomeroy,
Upton Hellions and
Washfield

Stockleigh Pomeroy
Stockleigh Pomeroy is a village and civil parish in Devon, England at the foot of the Raddon Hills. The parish church which is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin has a Norman doorway.

In 2016, a new village hall was opened to replace the Nissen hut used formerly which was opened in 1950. The new hall was built using grants from various bodies as well as contributions from the local community of both time and money.
Korres, Álava
Korres (Basque pronunciation: [kores̺], Spanish: Corres [ˈkores]) is a hamlet and concejo located in the municipality of Arraia-Maeztu, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. The hamlet is located within the Izki Natural Park.

Álava
Álava (Spanish: [ˈalaβa]) or Araba (Basque pronunciation: [aˈɾaba]), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava.

It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 km2, but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019).