hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clive Nattress
Clive Nattress (born 24 May 1951) is an English former footballer who made 340 appearances in the Football League playing as a defender for Darlington and Halifax Town in the 1970s and 1980s. He also played for Consett, Blackpool (though not for the first team), Bishop Auckland, Crook Town (as player-manager) and Ferryhill Athletic. While still a Darlington player, he took part as a guest in Crook Town's pioneering tour to India in 1976.

Nattress was born in Durham. He is a cousin of the newsreader Angela Rippon.

Ferryhill Athletic F.C.
Ferryhill Athletic Football Club is an association football club based in Ferryhill, County Durham, England. They are currently member of Wearside Football League, the eleventh tier of English football, and play at Dean Bank Recreation Ground.

The club was founded in 1921, and were the competitive opponent of Sunderland. They joined the Palatine League and defeated Evenwood Town 5–1 in their first ever league match and also won the Durham Amateur Cup after defeating Lambton Star in the finals. 
In 1923–24 they were elected to join Northern Football League and finished second in their inaugural league season and won Durham Challenge Cup.
Burenin
Burenin (Russian: Буре́нин), female form Burenina (Russian: Буре́нина), is a Russian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Ivan Burenin (1896–1986), Soviet general

Nikolay Burenin (1874–1962), Russian revolutionary

Viktor Burenin (1841–1926), Russian literary and theatre critic

Nikolay Burenin
Nikolay Yevgenyevich Burenin (Russian: Николай Евгеньевич Буренин, also known with aliases "German Fedorovich", "German", "Neburenin" and "Viktor Petrovich"; December 17, 1874 – June 30, 1962) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, concert pianist and music collector who worked as an organizer and specialist for Bolshevik illegal operations. He was a member of the Union of Soviet Writers.
Valentin Haecker
Ferdinand Carl Valentin Haecker (15 September 1864 – 19 December 1927) was a German zoologist, reader at Freiburg University from 1892.
In 1900, he became professor at the University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart and in 1909 at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.
He was president of the Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft from 1922.
He died unexpectedly from a stroke.

Haecker's contributions span the fields of  ornithology, plankton (Radiolaria) cell biology,
developmental physiology, genetics (where he established the subfield of phenogenetics). 
He also published a historical treatise on Goethe's work on morphology.

History of science and technology
The history of science and technology (HST) is a field of history that examines the development of the understanding of the natural world (science) and humans' ability to manipulate it (technology) at different points in time. This academic discipline also examines the cultural, economic, and political context and impacts of scientific practices; it likewise may study the consequences of new technologies on existing scientific fields.
Palazzo Molin Querini
The Palazzo Molin Querini is a Baroque-style palace on the Grand Canal, between the Palazzo Emo alla Maddalena and the Rio della Maddalena in the sestiere of Cannaregio, in Venice, Italy. It is also called the Palazzo Molin alla Maddalena or Palazzo Querini. It is located in the parish of the church of La Maddalena.

It was built in the 17th century. His family owned the palace into the 19th century.

Grand Canal (Venice)
The Grand Canal (Italian: Canal Grande [kaˌnal ˈɡrande], locally and informally Canalazzo; Venetian: Canal Grando, locally usually Canałaso [kanaˈɰaso]) is the largest channel in Venice, Italy, forming one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city.

One end of the canal leads into the lagoon near the Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into the basin at San Marco; in between, it makes a large reverse-S shape through the central districts (sestieri) of Venice. It is 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) long, and 30 to 90 metres (98 to 295 ft) wide, with an average depth of 5 metres (16 feet).
1995 Galway Senior Hurling Championship
The 1995 Galway Senior Hurling Championship was the 98th completed staging of the Galway Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Galway County Board in 1887.

Athenry entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 22 October 1995 at St Brendan's Park in Loughrea, between Sarsfields and Portumna, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Sarsfields won the match by 0–17 to 1–09 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Sarsfields GAA (Galway)
Sarsfields Galway is a GAA club consisting of the parish of Bullaun, New Inn and Woodlawn in east County Galway, Ireland. Winners of two All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship's.

The club was founded in 1966 and is almost exclusively concerned with the game of hurling.

Sarsfields Galway were the first club to defend their All-Ireland Club Hurling title. In 1993 Sarsfields defeated opponents Kilmallock, County Limerick in their first All-Ireland club final. In 1994, Sarsfields retained their club title with a victory over Toomevara, County Tipperary.
Shahid Nazir
Shahid Nazir (Urdu: شاہد نذیر) (born 4 December 1977) is a Pakistani former cricketer.

He made his Test debut for Pakistan against Zimbabwe at Sheikhupura in 1996, and immediately received much criticism from the spectators whose local favourite Aaqib Javed he was thought to have replaced. However, the crowd soon got behind him as he took 5 wickets in the first innings. He played in a number of Test matches for Pakistan over the next 3 years, but appearances became more intermittent and he was dropped in 1999.

Shahid Nazir made a return to the national team on 8 June 2006 when he was officially added to the Pakistani squad for their tour of England after an injury to Shoaib Akhtar.

In 2008, he signed with the Indian Cricket League and played for the Lahore Badshahs. Shahid Nazir has not played international cricket since  January 2007.

Indian Cricket League
The Indian Cricket League (ICL) was a short-lived cricket league that ran from 2007 to 2009. It was sponsored by Zee Entertainment Enterprises, a media company. The ICL had two seasons, featuring four international teams and nine domestic teams from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The matches were played in the Twenty20 format. A 50-over tournament was also held in early 2008.

The ICL faced significant opposition from the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the International Cricket Council (ICC). The BCCI did not approve of the ICL and launched its own rival league, the Indian Premier League (IPL), in 2008. The BCCI also banned the players who joined the ICL from playing for their national teams or in any other official tournaments. The IPL was more popular and successful than the ICL, leading to the ICL's collapse in 2009, ending its brief and controversial existence.
Petit Rocher station
The Petit Rocher station is a flag stop Via Rail station in the village of Petit Rocher, New Brunswick, Canada. Petit Rocher is served by Via Rail's Montreal–Halifax train, the Ocean.

Located 1 kilometre west of the village, the original station was demolished in the early 1990s due to its poor condition and lack of maintenance, leaving the stop with only a small platform. A new station was announced in 2008 and constructed in 2010. It cost $160,000. The retro design is inspired by the station master's residence which used to occupy the site.

Petit-Rocher, New Brunswick
Petit-Rocher (French pronunciation: [pəti ʁɔʃe]; meaning “little rock”) is a former village in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada. On January 1, 2023, it was dissolved as an incorporated village and became part of the new  town of Belle-Baie following province-wide local government reforms. The name Petit-Rocher is still retained for Address purposes.

The community is located on the western shore of  Nepisiquit Bay, approximately 20 kilometres north of Bathurst. Prior to amalgamation, it was bordered by the former local service districts of Petit-Rocher-Nord (Devereaux) to the north and Petit-Rocher-Sud to the south.
Imataka Mountains
The Imataka Mountains are located in the north-west of Guyana and north-east of Venezuela.

The Imataka mountains separate the Barama River system from the Cuyuni. The mountains are also the source of the Barama river.

Barama River
The Barama River is a tributary of the Waini River, both being in the Barima-Waini administrative region of Guyana.

Settlements on the river include Kariaco (Kariako) and Chinese Landing. An airstrip (Yakishuri Aerodrome) was opened in 2011 to provide access to the area.

Gold mining is common in the area, and Barama's banks are dredged to extract gold. Logging is also present in the area.
A Romance in Flanders
A Romance in Flanders is a 1937 British drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Paul Cavanagh, Marcelle Chantal, Olga Lindo and Alastair Sim. It is set during the First World War with the British Expeditionary Force in Flanders. It was also released under the alternative title of Lost on the Western Front.

The film was produced as an English-language version of the French film Widow's Island. It was made at the Riverside Studios in Hammersmith by the independent Franco-London Films. Halliwell's Film Guide describes it as "rose-coloured romantic hokum".

Maurice Elvey
Maurice Elvey (11 November 1887 – 28 August 1967) was one of the most prolific film directors in British history. He directed nearly 200 films between 1913 and 1957. During the silent film era he directed as many as twenty films per year. He also produced more than fifty films – his own as well as films directed by others.
Rudrahridaya Upanishad
The Rudrahridaya Upanishad (Sanskrit: रुद्रहृद्य उपनिषत्, IAST: Rudrahṛdaya Upaniṣad) is a medieval era Sanskrit text and is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. The text is attached to the Krishna Yajurveda and classified under one of the 14 Shaiva Upanishads.

The Upanishad states that Rudra and Uma are the ultimate reality Brahman. The Upanishad glorifies Shiva and Uma as inseparable, asserts that they together manifest as all gods and goddesses, all animate and inanimate reality of the universe. This text, like other Shaiva Upanishads, is presented with Vedanta nondualism terminology, and states that the individual Atman (soul) is identical with the supreme reality Brahman.

Rudra
Rudra (Sanskrit: रुद्र, IPA: [rud̪rɐ]) is a Rigvedic deity associated with Shiva, the wind or storms, Vayu, medicine, and the hunt. One translation of the name is 'the roarer'. In the Rigveda, Rudra is praised as the "mightiest of the mighty". Rudra means "who eradicates problems from their roots". Depending upon the period, the name Rudra can be interpreted as 'the most severe roarer/howler' or 'the most frightening one'. This name appears in the Shiva Sahasranama, and R. K. Sharma notes that it is often used as a name of Shiva in later languages. The "Shri Rudram" hymn from the Yajurveda is dedicated to Rudra and is important in the Shaivite sect. In the Prathama Anuvaka of Namakam (Taittiriya Samhita 4.5), Rudra is revered as Sadasiva (meaning 'mighty Shiva') and Mahadeva. Sadashiva is the Supreme Being, Paramashiva, in the Siddhanta sect of Shaivism.
Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's 50 metre butterfly S6
The women's 50 metre butterfly S6 event at the 2012 Paralympic Games took place on 7 September, at the London Aquatics Centre.

Two heats were held, one with seven swimmers and the other with eight. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

London Aquatics Centre
The London Aquatics Centre is an indoor facility with two 50-metre (164-foot) swimming pools and a 25-metre (82-foot) diving pool in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, London. The centre, designed by architect Zaha Hadid as one of the main venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, was used for the swimming, diving and synchronised swimming events. After significant modification, the centre opened to the public in March 2014.
Soumaya Keynes
Soumaya Anne Keynes (born 1 August 1989) is a British economist and journalist and current columnist at the Financial Times.

In addition to her work as a columnist for the FT, she started hosting a new podcast for them in May 2024, on economic matters.

Before joining the Financial Times, she worked for eight years as the Britain economics editor at The Economist magazine. She co-hosted The Economist's Money Talks podcast, and co-founded and co-hosted Trade Talks, a podcast covering economic trade, from 2017-2021. Her work at The Economist was focused on the US economy and the trade policies of Donald Trump's first presidency. Her career in economic research began as a policy adviser for Her Majesty's Treasury in London, looking at banking and credit. Afterward, she worked at the Institute for Fiscal Studies, focusing on pensions and public finances.

Credit
Credit (from Latin creditum, "loan") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party wherein the second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided by the first party can be either property, fulfillment of promises, or performances. In other words, credit is a method of making reciprocity formal, legally enforceable, and extensible to a large group of unrelated people.

The resources provided may be financial (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment. Credit is extended by a creditor, also known as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.
Coalcliff railway station
Coalcliff railway station is located on the South Coast railway line in New South Wales, Australia. It serves the seaside village of Coalcliff opening in August 1920. A yard exists south of the station for the Illawarra Coke Company's Coalcliff Cokeworks. Although rail transport had ceased some time prior, the cokeworks remained open until mid-2013. A passing loop to the east of the station remains in use. South of the station the double line becomes single to pass through Coalcliff Tunnel.

Illawarra Coke Company
The Illawarra Coke Company (ICC) owned and operated cokeworks located in Coalcliff and Corrimal, in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia, where historically coal was mined on the slopes of the Illawarra escarpment. After the mines were closed, coke-making still occurred on these sites until their respective closures. The company was the only independent producer of metallurgical and foundry coke in Australia. The ICC purchased the Coalcliff and Corrimal sites from Kembla Coal & Coke in 1996. It produced coke for metallurgical processing and foundry to Australian and overseas base metals producers for lead and zinc smelting and iron production for steelmaking.
USS Wichita (AOR-1)
USS Wichita (AOR-1) was the lead ship of the Wichita-class replenishment oilers.  She was the second ship to be named for the city of Wichita, Kansas.

The second Wichita (AOR-1) was laid down on 16 June 1966 at Quincy, Massachusetts, by the General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division; launched on 16 March 1968; sponsored by Mrs. Howard B. Yeager; and commissioned on 7 June 1969.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
Hell-Rider
Hell-Rider is a short-lived, black-and-white comics magazine published by Skywald Publications, a 1970s company best known for its horror comics magazines Nightmare, Psycho, and Scream. Like them and the similar publications of Warren Publishing, these were mature-audience magazines not covered by comic books' Comics Code Authority. Its cover price was 60¢, typical for that format and time, during which standard comic books sold for 15¢.

Warren Publishing
Warren Publishing was an American magazine company founded by James Warren, who published his first magazines in 1957 and continued in the business for decades. Magazines published by Warren include After Hours, Creepy, Eerie, Famous Monsters of Filmland, Help!, and Vampirella.

Initially based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the company moved by 1965 to New York City.
Spáňov
Spáňov is a municipality and village in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Spáňov lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Domažlice, 47 km (29 mi) south-west of Plzeň, and 128 km (80 mi) south-west of Prague.

Domažlice
Domažlice ([ˈdomaʒlɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Taus) is a town in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Raise (mining)
In underground mining, a raise refers to a vertical or inclined shaft excavation that leads from one level, or drift, to another.  A raise may also extend to surface.  There are four excavation methods for raises:

Conventional or open raise

Long-hole or drop raise

Alimak

Raise boring

Raises serve a number of purposes including:

Transportation of ore and waste rock

Ventilation

Creating a free face for mining

Movement of workers via manway ladders

Manhole
A manhole (utility hole, maintenance hole, or sewer hole) is an opening to a confined space such as a shaft, utility vault, or large vessel. Manholes, typically protected by a manhole cover, are often used as an access point for an underground public utility, allowing inspection, maintenance, and system upgrades. The majority of underground services have manholes, including water, sewers, telephone, electricity, storm drains, district heating, and gas.

Manholes are generally found in urban areas, in streets and occasionally under sidewalks. In rural and undeveloped areas, services such as telephone and electricity are usually carried on utility poles or even pylons rather than underground.

In Australia, manhole also commonly refers to an access hatch used to get access from a room or hallway into the ceiling cavity of a building. These manholes are typically around 450 mm × 450 mm (18 in × 18 in) square.
Maharajapuram S. Ramachandran
Maharajapuram Santhanam Ramachandran (born 30 June 1949) is an Indian Carnatic vocalist from Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He received many awards and honors including the Kalaimamani by the Government of Tamil Nadu and Sangeet Natak Akademi Award by Sangeet Natak Akademi, Government of India.

Sangeet Natak Akademi
Sangeet Natak Akademi (The National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama in English), in New Delhi, is the national academy for performing arts set up by the Government of India. It is an autonomous body of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
Je (Armenian letter)
Je, or Jheh (majuscule:  Ջ; minuscule: ջ; Armenian: ջե; Classical Armenian: ջէ) is the 27th letter of the Armenian alphabet. It is pronounced as the voiced postalveolar affricate [d͡ʒ] in Eastern Armenian and the voiceless postalveolar aspirated affricate [t͡ʃʰ] in Western Armenian. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it is also used to represent the number 900. It can also be transliterated as ǰ.

Eastern Armenian
Eastern Armenian (Armenian: արևելահայերեն, romanized: arevelahayeren) is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Western Armenian. The two standards form a pluricentric language.

Eastern Armenian developed as a separate standard starting in the eighteenth century. It belongs to the -um branch of Armenian dialects (sometimes called the Eastern branch), distinguished by how the present tense is formed.

Eastern Armenian is spoken in Armenia, Russia, as well as Georgia, and by the Armenian community in Iran. Although the Eastern Armenian spoken by Armenians in Armenia and Iranian-Armenians are similar, there are pronunciation differences with different inflections. Armenians from Iran also have some words that are unique to them. Due to migrations of speakers from Armenia and Iran to the Armenian diaspora, the dialect is now very prominent in countries and regions where only Western Armenian was used.
Mursili's eclipse
The possible solar eclipse mentioned in a text dating to the reign of Muršili II could be of great importance for the absolute chronology of the Hittite Empire within the chronology of the ancient Near East. The text records that in the tenth year of Mursili's reign, "the Sun gave a sign" (istanus sakiyahta), just as the king was about to launch a campaign against the Kingdom of Hayasa-Azzi in north-eastern Anatolia.

The reference in the annals was first interpreted as describing an eclipse by Emil Forrer (1926), Schorr (1928) identified it as the  eclipse of the 13 March 1335 BC, visible as annular in Anatolia in the afternoon.

It is now more commonly identified as the one of 24 June 1312 BC, which was visible in totality in northern Anatolia in the afternoon. Paul Åström (1993) proposes the alternative date of 13 April 1308 BC, which would have been visible as a partial eclipse at sunrise. Peter J. Huber has suggested a date of 8 January 1340 BC.

Emil Forrer
Emil Orgetorix Gustav Forrer (also Emilio O. Forrer; German: [ˈfɔʀɐ]; 19 February 1894 – 10 January 1986) was a Swiss Assyriologist and pioneering Hittitologist. He was the first to point out the relevance of references to Wilusa in Hittite inscriptions to the accounts of the Trojan War in the epics of Homer.

Forrer was born in Straßburg, Alsace-Lorraine. Emil Forrer developed a deviant interdisciplinary field of research (Meropisforschung), based on textual fragments of the Greek historian Theopompus of Chios, and dealing with assumed pre- or protohistoric contacts between the Old- and the New World. Antithetic to the prevailing academic school of thought, Forrer advocated the idea that Theopompos of Chios’s  "Meropis" was not a fictional parody of Atlantis but an actual geographic entity. Forrer died in San Salvador.
Gandharvagiri
Gandharva Giri (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1983 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by N. S. Dhananjaya (Datthu) and produced by N. S. Mukund, H. S. Chandru, B. A. Anasuya and Veena Nagaraj. It is based on the novel of the same name by Saisuthe. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Aarathi, J. V. Somayajulu and Anupama. The film has musical score by Upendra Kumar.

J. V. Somayajulu
Jonnalagadda Venkata Somayajulu (30 July 1920 or c. 1928 – 24 April 2004) was an Indian actor known for his works in Telugu cinema and a few Tamil, Kannada, Hindi and Malayalam films. In 1981, he received the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu for his work in the classic Sankarabharanam. On the centenary of Indian cinema, Forbes included his performance in the film among the 25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema.

Some of the other films that earned Somayajulu a good reputation as an actor were Allari Pillalu, Nelavanka, Rowdy Alludu, Swathi Muthyam, Tyagayya, Saptapadi, Vijeta, Appula Appa Rao, Vamsa Vruksham and the Hindi film Jaag Utha Insan. He portrayed the guru character of Sri Raghavendra in the Tamil film Sri Raghavendrar. He made a 13-episode television serial based on the play Kanyasulkam. He also portrayed A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in the biographical series Abhay Charan.