hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proximal operator
In mathematical optimization, the proximal operator is an operator associated with a proper, lower semi-continuous convex function  from a Hilbert space 
to , and is defined by:

For any function in this class, the minimizer of the right-hand side above is unique, hence making the proximal operator well-defined. The proximal operator  is used in proximal gradient methods, which is frequently used in optimization algorithms associated with non-differentiable optimization problems such as total variation denoising.

Semi-continuity
In mathematical analysis, semicontinuity (or semi-continuity) is a property of extended real-valued functions that is weaker than continuity. An extended real-valued function  is upper (respectively, lower) semicontinuous at a point  if, roughly speaking, the function values for arguments near  are not much higher (respectively, lower) than  Briefly, a function on a domain  is lower semi-continuous if its epigraph  is closed in , and upper semi-continuous if  is lower semi-continuous.

A function is continuous if and only if it is both upper  and lower semicontinuous. If we take a continuous function and increase its value at a certain point  to  for some , then the result is upper semicontinuous; if we decrease its value to  then the result is lower semicontinuous.

The notion of upper and lower semicontinuous function was first introduced and studied by René Baire in his thesis in 1899.
Heart Rhythm
Heart Rhythm is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier that covers the study and management of cardiac arrhythmia. It is the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society, the Cardiac Electrophysiology Society, and the Pediatric & Congenital Electrophysiology Society. Its major focus is research and therapy of heart rhythm disorders, including mechanisms and electrophysiology, clinical and experimental, genetics, ablation, devices, drugs, and surgery. Other sections include contemporary reviews, unique case reports, viewpoints, Hands On, images, creative concepts, and editorial commentaries. New sections in 2024 include Iconic Figures and Top Stories.

Embase
Embase (often styled EMBASE for Excerpta Medica dataBASE) is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of published literature designed to support information managers and pharmacovigilance in complying with the regulatory requirements of a licensed drug. Embase, produced by Elsevier, contains over 32 million records from over 8,500 currently published journals from 1947 to the present. Through its international coverage, daily updates, and drug indexing with EMTREE, Embase enables tracking and retrieval of drug information in the published literature. Each record is fully indexed and Articles in Press are available for some records and In Process are available for all records, ahead of full indexing. Embase's international coverage expands across biomedical journals from 95 countries and is available through a number of database vendors.
Dream Corp LLC
Dream Corp LLC is an American adult live-action/animated sitcom created by Daniel Stessen for Adult Swim. The series is an absurdist workplace comedy set in a run-down dream therapy facility located in a dilapidated strip mall. In each episode, a new desperate patient has their dreams recorded, analyzed, and, if necessary, adjusted, by Dr. Roberts (Jon Gries) and his staff of misfits.

The series is the first on Adult Swim to use rotoscoping. It premiered on October 23, 2016.

On July 15, 2022, actor Jon Gries confirmed the series was cancelled after three seasons and claimed the show was sold to Hulu. Preliminary discussions about a revival have occurred. Following cost cutting measures at Adult Swim's parent company, Warner Bros. Discovery, Dream Corp LLC was completely removed from Adult Swim's website, social media accounts, and from digital stores, having been written off for taxes. The series left Hulu in 2024 and is no longer available legally.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Rhiw-goch quarry, Conwy
Rhiw-goch quarry (also known as Brandreath quarry) was a slate quarry that was worked from the 1860s to 1908. It stands on the north side of the Afon Lledr, on the opposite side of the valley from Pont-y-Pant railway station.

Nod Glas Formation
The Nod Glas Formation (also known as the Nod Glas Black Shale, the Cadnant Shale, the Penarwel Mudstones or just Nod Glas) is an Ordovician lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in Mid Wales. The rock of the formation is made up of pyritous, graptolitic mudstone that is generally black in colour. It weathers to a soft, very well cleaved and coal-like material. The formation runs from Conwy in the north, down to Cardigan Bay in the area around Aberdyfi and Tywyn, though it is not a continuous over this area.

The formation is the topmost of the Caradoc Series in North Wales, and the name refers to all the black shale beds in the area. In South Wales, the equivalent beds of shale are called the Dicranograptus Shales.
Karen Shin
Karen Shin (born 5 July 1968) is an American former professional tennis player.

Shin won the CIF Southern Section singles championship as a Chaminade College senior in 1985, then played college tennis at UC Berkeley, where she was a four-time All-American.

Following her time at UC Berkeley, Shin competed briefly on the international circuit and reached a career high singles ranking of 176 in the world. Her best performance on the WTA Tour was a second round appearance at the Virginia Slims of Arizona in 1989.

Virginia Slims of Arizona
The Virginia Slims of Arizona is a defunct WTA Tour affiliated women's tennis tournament played from 1986 to 1991. It was held in Phoenix, Arizona in the United States from 1986 to 1989 and in Scottsdale, Arizona from 1990 to 1991. The tournament was played on outdoor hard courts.
Munguia
Munguia or Munguía is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alma Lilia Luna Munguía (born 1976), Mexican politician

Antonio Munguía (1942–2018), Mexican footballer

Carolina Malpica Munguía (1891–1977), American educator and community activist

Jaime Munguia (born 1996), Mexican boxer

José Luis Munguía (1959–1985), Salvadoran footballer

Juan Manuel Sandoval Munguia (born 1966), Mexican politician

Julio Munguía (born 1942), Mexican cyclist

Lourdes Munguía (born 1960), Mexican actress

Miguel Ángel Luna Munguía (1969–2015), Mexican politician

Ricardo Munguía Padilla (1944–2007), Mexican footballer

Ricardo Munguía Pérez (born 1975), Mexican footballer

Roberto José d'Aubuisson Munguía (born 1968), Salvadoran politician

Juan Manuel Sandoval Munguia
Juan Manuel Sandoval Munguia (born 29 October 1966) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2006 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico.
Nungambakkam railway station
Nungambakkam Railway Station is one of the railway stations of the Chennai Beach–Chengalpattu section of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. It serves the neighbourhood of Nungambakkam, a suburb of Chennai. It is located at about 8 km from Chennai Beach terminus and is situated at Nungambakkam, with an elevation of 11 m above sea level.

Chengalpattu
Chengalpattu, previously known as Chingleput or Chengalpet, is a town in Chennai metropolitan area and the headquarters of Chengalpattu district of the state Tamil Nadu, India. The town is located near the industrial and IT hub. It is the headquarters of the district and is 56 kilometres (35 mi) away from the state capital, Chennai on the National Highway 45.

It is an important commercial center. It has a medical college and other colleges affiliated with the University of Madras.
Naval Base Gilbert Islands
Naval Base Gilbert Islands were naval bases built by the United States Navy in 1943 to support the World War II effort. The bases were located on in the Gilbert Islands in the Central Pacific Ocean. The bases were built as part of the many advance bases in the island-hopping campaign towards the Empire of Japan. The largest base was the Naval Base Tarawa. At Tarawa the Navy built a seaport, supply depots, a small ship repair depot, Carrier Aircraft Service Unit, seaplane base and two airbases. Construction started after the Battle of Tarawa ended on November 23, 1943, part of Operation Galvanic. The bases were built by the US Navy's Seabees, Naval Construction Battalions. After the war the bases were abandoned. Some of the airfields became civilian airports.

Pacific Ocean Areas
Pacific Ocean Areas (POA) was a major Allied military command in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II. It was one of four major Allied commands during the Pacific War and one of three United States commands in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz of the U.S. Navy, Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet, headed the command throughout its existence.

The vast majority of Allied forces in the theatre were from the U.S. Navy, U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps. However units and/or personnel from New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Fiji and other countries also saw active service.
Zbyněk Mařák
Zbyněk Mařák (born August 12, 1971) is a Czech former professional ice hockey right winger.

Mařák played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Vsetín, HC Slezan Opava, HC Zlín and HC Znojenmští Orli. He also played in the Slovak Extraliga for HK 36 Skalica and the Belarusian Extraleague for HC Dinamo Minsk.

Mařák is presently working as head coach of PSG Berani Zlín's U20 academy,

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.
Marneral synthase
Marneral synthase (EC 5.4.99.53) is an enzyme with systematic name (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene mutase (cyclizing, marneral-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene  marneral

Marneral is a triterpenoid formed by Grob fragmentation of the A ring of 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene during cyclization.  This aldehyde gains its name from its structural similarity to a class triterpenes commonly found in members of the Iridaceae, originally identified by Dr. Franz-Josef Marner

This enzyme is a member of a metabolic gene cluster along with two other cytochrome P450s.

Triterpene
Triterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of six isoprene units with the molecular formula C30H48; they may also be thought of as consisting of three terpene units. Animals, plants and fungi all produce triterpenes, including squalene, the precursor to all steroids.
Naval Air Station Tillamook
Naval Air Station Tillamook, located just south of Tillamook, Oregon, was a U.S. Naval Air Station during World War II. Commissioned in 1942 and decommissioned in 1948, it was used primarily to house blimps. The station was the base of operations for Squadron ZP-33, with a complement of 8 K-ships. Each hangar was designed to house up to six blimps.

US Naval Air Station Dirigible Hangar B, listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, is on the station.

Blimp
A non-rigid airship, commonly called a blimp (/blɪmp/), is an airship (dirigible) without an internal structural framework or a keel. Unlike semi-rigid and rigid airships (e.g. Zeppelins), blimps rely on the pressure of their lifting gas (usually helium, rather than flammable hydrogen) and the strength of the envelope to maintain their shape. Blimps are known for their use in advertising, surveillance, and observation due to their maneuverability, slow speeds and steady flight capabilities.
Nasibo
Nasibo (also spelled as Naseebo) is a 1994 Indian Punjabi-language film, directed by Manmohan Singh, starring Raj Babbar, Kavita Kamal (Kimi Verma), Preeti Sapru, Amitoj Maan and others. Gurdas Maan gave a special appearance.

Raj Babbar
Raj Babbar (born 23 June 1952) is an Indian Hindi and Punjabi film actor and politician belonging to Indian National Congress. He is a three-time member of the Lok Sabha and a two-time member of the Rajya Sabha. He was the state President of Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee.
Hotel Blackhawk
The Hotel Blackhawk is an eleven-story brick and terra cotta building located in Downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is a Marriott Autograph Collection property.

The hotel is connected to the north building of the RiverCenter, Davenport's convention center, and across the street from the RiverCenter south building. The hotel is just down the street from the Adler Theatre. The Blackhawk has been host to several high-profile people including Presidents Barack Obama, Herbert Hoover, Richard Nixon, writer Carl Sandburg, and boxer Jack Dempsey. Actor Cary Grant was staying at the Blackhawk Hotel when he died in Davenport. The hotel named rooms 412–414 the "Nixon Suite". Big bands such as Guy Lombardo and Stan Kenton played at the Blackhawk on many occasions.  It has been individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Blackhawk Hotel since 1983. In 2020 it was included as a contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District.

Stan Kenton
Stanley Newcomb Kenton (December 15, 1911 – August 25, 1979) was an American popular music and jazz artist. As a pianist, composer, arranger and band leader, he led an innovative and influential jazz orchestra for almost four decades. Though Kenton had several pop hits from the early 1940s into the 1960s, his music was always forward-looking. Kenton was also a pioneer in the field of jazz education, creating the Stan Kenton Jazz Camp in 1959 at Indiana University.
Union for Democracy and Development (Mali)
The Union for Democracy and Development (French: Union pour la démocratie et le développement) is a political party in Mali, led by Hassane Barry. In the 1 July and 22 July 2007 Malian parliamentary elections, the party won 3 out of 160 seats. The party is affiliated to the Alliance for Democracy and Progress, that supported president Amadou Toumani Touré.

The UDD is considered to be opposed to current president Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, particularly his handling of the Mali War.

Alliance for Democracy and Progress (Mali)
The Alliance for Democracy and Progress (French: Alliance pour la démocratie et le progrès) was an alliance of political parties in Mali, that supported president Amadou Toumani Touré. In the 1 July and 22 July 2007 Malian parliamentary elections, the member parties of the alliance won 113 out of 160 seats.
Isle of Man at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
The Isle of Man competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England between 28 July and 8 August 2022. Having made its Games debut in 1958, it was the Isle of Man's seventeenth appearance at the Games.

Cyclist Mark Cavendish and swimmer Laura Kinley were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

The Games marked the first time since 2002 that the Isle of Man failed to win any medals.

2022 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony
The opening ceremony for the 2022 Commonwealth Games took place on the evening of Thursday 28 July in the Alexander Stadium, Birmingham. As mandated by the Commonwealth Games Charter, the proceedings of the ceremony combined the formal opening of the sporting event (including hoisting of the flags, parade of the athletes and welcome speeches) with an artistic performance to showcase the host nation's culture. The 2022 Games were formally opened by Charles, Prince of Wales. The centrepiece of the ceremony was an eight-meter-tall animatronic bull, created by the London-based special effects company Artem. The bull, nicknamed 'Ozzy' after Birmingham-born rockstar Ozzy Osbourne is now on permanent display inside Birmingham New Street train station.
Chakradhar Deka
Chakradhar Deka (3 September 1963 – 30 December 2007) was an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, author, entrepreneur and a social activist from Assam. He was the founder of Rajkumar Film Production and Rajashree Theatre.

He was the elder brother of politician Narayan Deka.

Narayan Deka
Narayan Deka is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician from Assam. He was elected as a Member of Legislative Assembly from Barkhetry constituency in 2016. He defeated Diganta Barman (Indian National Congress), with a margin of approximately 9000 votes. He lost to Diganta in the 2021 elections.

Narayan Deka is the founder and chairman of International School Guwahati.

He is currently appointed the chairman of GMDA (Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority).
Opus (classical record magazine)
Opus was an American magazine that featured critical reviews of classical music recordings.  Based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the magazine ran bimonthly from November/December 1984 to March/April 1988, publishing 21 issues.  James R. Oestreich was its editor-in-chief.  Historical Times, Inc., of Harrisburg was its owner.  Warren Bertram Syer (1923–2007), who had published High Fidelity for 30 years, was then the president of Historical Times.

Will Crutchfield
Will Crutchfield (born 1957) is an American conductor, musicologist, and vocal coach. He is the founding Artistic and General Director of Teatro Nuovo, a company that presented its inaugural season in the summer of 2018 at Lincoln Center's Frederick P. Rose Hall as the successor to the twenty years of opera at the Caramoor International Music Festival led by Crutchfield. He also has been a frequent guest conductor at the Polish National Opera and has led opera performances at the Canadian Opera Company, Washington National Opera, and Minnesota Opera. From 1999 through 2005, he served as music director of the Opera de Colombia in Bogotá. He was recently named one of Musical America's 2017 "Movers and Shapers," the publication's list of the top 30 industry professionals of the year.
Old Whittington
Old Whittington is a village in the Borough of Chesterfield in Derbyshire, England. Old Whittington is 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Chesterfield and 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Sheffield. The population of the Old Whittington ward at the 2011 Census was 4,181.  The village lies on the River Rother.

Population in 1901 was 9,416. The parish church of St Bartholomew was restored after its destruction by fire, except for the tower and spire, in 1895. The village manufactured stoneware bottles, other earthenware and bricks. There were also coal mines and ironworks.

Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)
The Bible Christian Church was a Christian vegetarian sect founded by William Cowherd in Salford, Greater Manchester, in 1809, as a spilt from the Swedenborgians. Members of the church were committed vegetarians and the church was foundational in the formation of the British and American vegetarian movements.
Lethbridge-West
Lethbridge-West is an Alberta provincial electoral district, covering the western half of the city of Lethbridge, including all of West Lethbridge. Under the Alberta electoral boundary re-distribution of 2004, 13 Street forms most of the dividing line between Lethbridge-East and Lethbridge West. Scenic Drive and 16 Avenue South form a small part of the boundary. Clockwise from Lethbridge-East, the constituency is bounded at the city limits by Little Bow, by Livingstone-Macleod and then again by Little Bow.

The Member of the Legislative Assembly for this district is New Democrat Rob Miyashiro.

West Lethbridge
West Lethbridge (or The Westside), is one of three geographical areas in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. It is the newest and the fastest growing. It is the home of the University of Lethbridge and is a residential area primarily.
Anupam Shyam
Anupam Shyam Ojha (20 September 1957 – 8 August 2021) was an Indian film and television actor, who usually played villainous roles. He appeared as Sajjan Singh Thakur in the STAR Plus TV series Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya (2009 and 2021). Apart from that, he worked in films like Lajja, Nayak, Dubai Return, Parzania, Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi (2005), Shakti: The Power, Bandit Queen, in the internationally acclaimed movie Slumdog Millionaire (2008) and acted in numerous international films set in India. He last appeared in Star Bharat' s popular series Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya 2.

Bandit Queen
Bandit Queen is a 1994 Indian Hindi-language biographical action-adventure film based on the life of Phoolan Devi as covered in the book India's Bandit Queen: The True Story of Phoolan Devi by the Indian author Mala Sen. It was directed by Shekhar Kapur and starred Seema Biswas as the title character. The music was composed by Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi, Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie, and Best Direction for that year. The film premiered in the Directors' Fortnight section of the 1994 Cannes Film Festival, and was screened at the Edinburgh Film Festival. The film was selected as the Indian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Guards (Singapore Army)
The Singapore Armed Forces Guards Formation, also referred to as Guards and called Guardsmen is the heliborne rapid deployment infantry formation of the Singapore Armed Forces, specialising in conducting air assault, expeditionary, and amphibious operations.

Rapid reaction force
A rapid reaction force / rapid response force (RRF), quick reaction force / quick response force (QRF), immediate reaction force (IRF), rapid deployment force (RDF), or quick maneuver force (QMF) is a military unit capable of responding to emergencies in a very short time frame.
Ellen Potter
Ellen Potter (born 1960s) is an American author of both children's and adults’ books (as Ellen Toby-Potter). She grew up in Upper West Side, New York City and studied creative writing at Binghamton University and now lives in Candor in upstate New York. She has been a contributor to Cimarron Review, Epoch, The Hudson Review, and Seventeen. Her novel Olivia Kidney was winner of the Child Magazine Best Book award and was a Best Book of the Year selection for 8-12 year-olds by Parenting magazine.

Kirkus Reviews describer book the Humming Room as, "The characters and events are nearly exact counterparts to those found in the classic The Secret Garden.  An homage to a cherished classic that can work as a companion piece or stand alone as a solid, modern tale for young readers in the 21st century."

The Secret Garden
The Secret Garden is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett first published in book form in 1911, after serialisation in The American Magazine (November 1910 – August 1911). Set in England, it is seen as a classic of English children's literature. The American edition was published by the Frederick A. Stokes Company with illustrations by M. L. Kirk, and the British edition by Heinemann with illustrations by Charles Heath Robinson.

Several stage and film adaptations have been made of The Secret Garden.