hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dubre, Kentucky
Dubre is an unincorporated community in Cumberland County, Kentucky, United States. It lies along Route 90 west of the city of Burkesville, the county seat of Cumberland County.  Its elevation is 640 feet (195 m). Dubre had a post office, with the ZIP code of 42731. The postmaster of Dubre, Ms. Hazel Anderson Alexander, died November 18, 2010. The post office, which had been open only two hours a day was suspended by the USPS several weeks after her death, on December 3, 2010. Ms. Alexander began her tenure with the Dubre post office March 31, 1970. The Post Office was located inside of the Anderson Grocery, which also closed after Alexander's death.

The community was named for the local Dubre family.

Kentucky Route 90
Kentucky Route 90 (KY 90) is a major east–west state highway in southern Kentucky. The route is 134.734 miles (216.833 km) long, and it traverses Barren, Metcalfe, Cumberland, Clinton, Wayne, Pulaski, McCreary and Whitley Counties in southern Kentucky. It runs from the KY 70 junction near Interstate 65 in Cave City to US 25W about 8 miles (13 km) from Interstate 75.
Geoffrey Boulton
Geoffrey Stewart Boulton (born 28 November 1940) is a British geoscientist, and Regius Professor Emeritus of the University of Edinburgh.
He was awarded the 2006 Lyell Medal, by the Geological Society.
He was awarded the 2011 James Croll Medal. He was awarded the Seligman Crystal by the International Glaciological Society in 2001. Between 2007 and 2011 he was General Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, of which he has been a Fellow since 1989. He was elected to membership of the Academia Europaea in 2022

Academia Europaea
The Academia Europaea is a pan-European Academy of humanities, letters, law, and sciences.
The Academia was founded in 1988 as a functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of European interests in national research agencies.
Miroslava Chavez-Garcia
Miroslava Chávez-García is a professor of history at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She holds joint appointments in the Departments of Chicana/o Studies and Feminist Studies. Chávez-García's research focuses on Chicana/o history, eugenics, gender, and juvenile justice. Chávez-García has authored three books: Negotiating Conquest (Tucson, 2004), States of Delinquency (Berkeley, 2012), and Migrant Longing (Chapel Hill, 2018). Her second work, States of Delinquency, was considered a groundbreaking text, describing California's eugenic program, which targeted young Mexican American and African American boys for irreversible sterilizations.

Chávez-García was born in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico to farm worker parents. They moved to San Jose, California when she was an infant. She graduated from Notre Dame High School in 1986 and then received her B.A. (1991), M.A. (1993), and Ph.D. (1998), from the University of California, Los Angeles.

Mexicali
Mexicali (English:  /ˌmɛksɪˈkæli/; Spanish: [mexiˈkali] ⓘ)  is the capital city of the Mexican state of Baja California. The city, which abuts the Mexico–United States border and the U.S. city of Calexico, California, is the seat of the Mexicali Municipality.  It has a population of 689,775, according to the 2010 census, while the Calexico–Mexicali metropolitan area is home to combined 1,000,000. Mexicali is a regional economic and cultural hub for the border region of The Californias.

Mexicali was founded at the turn of the 20th century, when the region's agricultural economy experienced a period of boom. The city rapidly expanded throughout the 20th century, owing to the proliferation of maquiladoras in the city, making the Mexicali economy more interconnected with businesses from across the border. Today, Mexicali is a major manufacturing center and an emerging tourist destination.
Donald Beatty
Donald Croom Beatty (April 11, 1900 – July 12, 1980) was an American aviator, explorer, and inventor.

Beatty was the son of Isaac Beatty Jr and Hughie Duffee Beatty of Birmingham, Alabama (United States). He began his flying career as a teenager by soloing a small plane he constructed himself with a motorcycle engine at his grandfather's farm near Tarrant on June 16, 1916. The flight ended with a crash landing. Not long afterward he designed and constructed a hand-powered submarine which he sank in Homewood's Edgewood Lake.

After a year at Marion Military Institute, Beatty got permission from his father to enlist in the United States Navy at age 17. He was sent to the Navy Radio School set up at Harvard University. In 1919 the United Fruit Company hired him to construct and install wireless (radio) telegraphy equipment along its steamer routes in Asia. He reportedly constructed the first voice radio station in mainland China during that engagement.

Homewood, Alabama
Homewood is a city in southeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States.  It is a suburb of Birmingham, located on the other side of Red Mountain due south of the city center. The population was 26,414 at the 2020 census.
Delphine Bernard
Delphine Bernard (born 14 May 1986 in Quimper, Brittany, France) is a wheelchair fencer, practising in fencing three categories, foil, épée and sabre.

She started fencing in 2007, after meeting Serge Laher, who became her master of arms at Quimper club Cornouaille, in Finistère until 2013, when she left to Toulouse University Club (TUC), where she is directed by Brigitte Aragou.

Swordsmanship
Swordsmanship or sword fighting refers to the skills and techniques used in combat and training with any type of sword. The term is modern, and as such was mainly used to refer to smallsword fencing, but by extension it can also be applied to any martial art involving the use of a sword. The formation of the English word "swordsman" is parallel to the Latin word gladiator, a term for the professional fighters who fought against each other and a variety of other foes for the entertainment of spectators in the Roman Empire. The word gladiator itself comes from the Latin word gladius, which is a type of sword.
Kalle Väisänen
Kalle Väisänen (born 28 January 2003) is a Finnish professional ice hockey left winger for the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL)

Hartford Wolf Pack
The Hartford Wolf Pack are a professional ice hockey team based in Hartford, Connecticut. A member of the American Hockey League (AHL), they play their home games at the PeoplesBank Arena. The team was established in 1926 as the Providence Reds. After a series of relocations, the team moved to Hartford in 1997 as the Hartford Wolf Pack. It is one of the oldest professional hockey franchises in existence, and the oldest continuously operating minor league hockey franchise in North America.

The franchise was renamed the Connecticut Whale in October 2010, in honor of the former Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League (NHL), but reverted to their current name after the 2012–13 AHL season. The Wolf Pack is the top affiliate of the NHL's  New York Rangers and is one of the three professional hockey teams in Connecticut.
Zion (journal)
Zion (Hebrew: ציון) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering Jewish history and ethnography, printed in Hebrew and published since 1926 by the Historical Society of Israel and the Zalman Shazar Center. The journal was established by Yitzhak Baer and Benzion Dinur. The editors-in-chief are Michael Toch and Nadav Na'aman.

The journal was established in Jerusalem in 1926 as Zion: Me'asef, obtaining its current title in 1935. It covers all aspects of Jewish history, drawn from all the lands in which Jews lived - in Israel and in the Diaspora, from antiquity to the modern era, including emerging studies in historiography, review essays, and book reviews.

Michael Toch
Michael Toch (born 1946) is professor of medieval history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He specialises in the history of the Jews in the Middle Ages, the early modern history of Germany and Europe, the social and economic history of medieval Germany, the history of farmers and agriculture, and the history of technology and communication.
Ethics in religion
Ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. A central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life worth living or life that is simply satisfying, which is held by many philosophers to be more important than traditional moral conduct.

Most religions have an ethical component, often derived from purported supernatural revelation or guidance. Some assert that religion is necessary to live ethically. Simon Blackburn states that there are those who "would say that we can only flourish under the umbrella of a strong social order, cemented by common adherence to a particular religious tradition".

Revelation
Revelation, or divine revelation, is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities in the view of religion and theology.
Interclavicle
An interclavicle is a bone which, in most tetrapods, is located between the clavicles. Therian mammals (marsupials and placentals) are the only tetrapods which never have an interclavicle, although some members of other groups also lack one. In therians, it is replaced by the sternum, which is similar in shape and function but forms via endochondral ossification (cartilage forming bone). The interclavicle, on the other hand, develops through intramembranous ossification of the skin.

Sternum
The sternum (pl.: sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word sternum originates from Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon) 'chest'.
WDLZ
WDLZ (98.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult hits format. Licensed to Murfreesboro, North Carolina, United States, it serves Northeastern North Carolina and Southside Virginia. The station is currently owned by John Byrne, through licensee Byrne Acquisition Group, LLC.

In August 2018, WDLZ ended its satellite-delivered adult contemporary format.  At 12:01 a.m. on August 2, 2018, "98.3 WDLZ" became known as "Earl 98.3" with an adult hits format.  The station is managed by Jay Jenkins, who host the morning show.  Earl 98.3 also broadcasts John Tesh's program "Intelligence For Your Life".

John Tesh
John Frank Tesh Jr. (born July 9, 1952) is an American musician and radio and television presenter. He wrote the NBA on NBC basketball theme "Roundball Rock", and hosts the Intelligence for Your Life radio show. In addition, since 2014, he has hosted Intelligence for Your Life TV with his wife, Connie Sellecca.

Tesh has won six Emmys and has four gold albums, two Grammy nominations, and an Associated Press award for investigative journalism. Tesh has sold over eight million records. His live concerts have raised more than $7 million for PBS. He has co-hosted the television program Entertainment Tonight. He has previously worked as a sports commentator and host for the Olympic Games, Wimbledon, the US Open, the Tour de France, Ironman Triathlon, and as a news anchor and reporter. In 2018, Tesh was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame.
Shangguan, Dali
Shangguan Town (simplified Chinese: 上关镇; traditional Chinese: 上關鎮; pinyin: Shàngguān Zhèn; Bai: Doux guerf) is a town under the administration of Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China.

Bai language
Bai (Bai: Baip‧ngvp‧zix; simplified Chinese: 白语; traditional Chinese: 白語; pinyin: Báiyǔ; lit. 'white language') is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in China, primarily in Yunnan Province, by the Bai people. The language has over a million speakers and is divided into three or four main dialects. Bai syllables are always open, with a rich set of vowels and eight tones. The tones are divided into two groups with modal and non-modal (tense, harsh or breathy) phonation. There is a small amount of traditional literature written with Chinese characters, Bowen (僰文), as well as a number of recent publications printed with a recently standardized system of romanisation using the Latin alphabet.

The origins of Bai have been obscured by intensive Chinese influence of an extended period. Different scholars have proposed that it is an early offshoot or sister language of Chinese, part of the Loloish branch, or a separate group within the Sino-Tibetan family.
Robbie McEwen
Robbie McEwen AM (born 24 June 1972) is an Australian former professional road cyclist. He is a three-time winner of the Tour de France points classification in 2002, 2004 and 2006 and, at the peak of his career, was considered the world's fastest sprinter.

He last rode for Orica–GreenEDGE on the UCI World Tour.

A former Australian BMX champion, McEwen switched to road cycling in 1990 at 18 years of age. He raced as a professional from 1996 until 2012.

McEwen retired from the World Tour after riding the 2012 Tour of California and is now a cycling broadcast commentator on the Tour Down Under, the Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia and most of the major races for Warner Brothers Discovery networks like Eurosport, Discovery+ and Max Sports.

UCI World Tour
The UCI WorldTour is the premier men's elite road cycling tour, sitting above the UCI ProSeries and various regional UCI Continental Circuits. It refers to both the tour of 38 events and, until 2019, an annual ranking system  based upon performances in these. The World Ranking was launched in 2009, (known from 2009–2010 as the UCI World Ranking) and merged fully with its predecessor the UCI ProTour in 2011. UCI WorldTeams must compete at all events that were part of the tour prior to the 2017 expansion.
Hiraka, Aomori
Hiraka (平賀町, Hiraka-machi) was a town located in Minamitsugaru District in central Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

Hiraka was founded on March 1, 1955 through the merger of the towns of Taikoji and Kashiwagi with the villages of Takedate, Ozaki and Machiya.

On January 1, 2006, Hiraka, along with the town of Onoe, and the village of Ikarigaseki (all from Minamitsugaru District), was merged to create the new city of Hirakawa, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

An inland village, Hiraka had an agriculture-based economy and was noted for its production of apples. At the time of its merger, Hiraka had an estimated population of 22,053 and a population density of 99.5 persons per km2. The total area was 221.61 km2.

Hiraka was served by Japan National Route 102 and Japan National Route 454 highways, as well as by four stations on the Kōnan Railway Kōnan Line.

Japan National Route 454
National Route 454 (国道454号, Kokudō Yonhyaku go-juyongō) is a national highway of Japan that traverses southern Aomori Prefecture and  briefly crosses into the northeastern edge of Akita before returning in to Aomori. It connects Hachinohe in eastern Aomori to Ōwani in the western part of the prefecture.
Gilpin, Nevada
Gilpin is former railroad siding, located in the far northeast region of Storey County, Nevada, United States.

The GNIS locates Gilpin on the south side of the Truckee River, which is where there was a non-agency siding between Thisbe and Fernley on the Southern Pacific Railroad.  The siding was abandoned in 1959.

In the 1930s, the site of Gilpin was on the north side of the river in Washoe County.  In 1905, Captain Matt Barach laid out a townsite at the Washoe County side.  At that time a road to Olinghouse was planned but never built.  Gilpin can be accessed via the Painted Rock exit on Interstate 80.

A nearby rest area on Interstate 80 is named Gilpin.

Truckee River
The Truckee River is a river in the U.S. states of California and Nevada. The river flows northeasterly and is 121 miles (195 km) long. The Truckee is the sole outlet of Lake Tahoe and drains part of the high Sierra Nevada, emptying into Pyramid Lake in the Great Basin. Its waters are an important source of irrigation along its valley and adjacent valleys.
Charles Barclay (MP)
Charles Barclay (26 December 1780 – 5 December 1855) of Bury Hill, Surrey, was a British brewer and landowner, who also served as a Tory Member of Parliament for the constituencies of Southwark (1815–1818), Dundalk (1826–1830), and West Surrey (1835–1837). Closely related to both the Barclay and (through his mother) Gurney banking dynasties, he came from a prominent Quaker family and was cousin of social reformer Elizabeth Fry.

Elizabeth Fry
Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney; 21 May 1780 – 12 October 1845), sometimes referred to as Betsy Fry, was an English prison reformer, social reformer, philanthropist and Quaker. Fry was a major driving force behind new legislation to improve the treatment of prisoners, especially female inmates, and as such has been called the "Angel of Prisons". She was instrumental in the Gaols Act 1823 which mandated sex-segregation of prisons and female warders for female inmates to protect them from sexual exploitation. Fry kept extensive diaries, in which she wrote explicitly of the need to protect female prisoners from rape and sexual abuse.

She was supported in her efforts by Queen Victoria and by Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I of Russia; she was in correspondence with both Alexander and Nicholas, their wives, and the Empress Mother. In commemoration of her achievements, she was depicted on the Bank of England £5 note that was in circulation from 2002 until May 2017.
Cost of attendance
In discussions of the cost of college in the United States, the cost of attendance (COA) (also known as the price of attendance) is a statutory term for the estimated full and reasonable cost of completing a full academic year (usually, nine months) as a full-time student. The cost of attendance is published by each educational institution and includes:

Tuition and fees payable to the institution

Books and supplies

Room and board

Personal costs (medical, toiletries, clothing, laundry)

Transportation to and from the school

As of October 29, 2011, every post-secondary institution that receives federal financial aid funds is required to post its COA. Colleges are also required to post a Net Price Calculator, that determines for each prospective or current student a personalized Net Price, which is the COA minus need- and merit-based grant aid (not including loans or work-study programs).

Financial aid cannot exceed the cost of attendance.

Room and board
Room and board describes an accommodation which, in exchange for money, labour or other recompense, a person is provided with a place to live in addition to meals. It commonly occurs as a fee at higher educational institutions, such as colleges and universities; it also occurs in hotel-style accommodation for short stays.
Muneeb Diwan
Muneeb Diwan (born 20 March 1972) is a Canadian cricket player. He is a right-handed batsman.

He played first-class cricket for Essex in 1994 and played second XI cricket for them until 1996. He first represented Canada in the 1997 ICC Trophy, and went on to play for them in the 2001 ICC Trophy and 1998 Commonwealth Games, amongst other occasions.

1997 ICC Trophy
The Carlsberg 1997 ICC Trophy was a cricket tournament played in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between 24 March and 13 April 1997. It was the Cricket World Cup qualification tournament for the 1999 Cricket World Cup.

Bangladesh were the winners of the tournament, defeating Kenya in the final, while Scotland won the third place play-off. These three teams took the three available spots in the World Cup, Bangladesh and Scotland both qualifying for this tournament for the first time.

With some World Cup matches scheduled in Scotland and the Netherlands, Scotland would become the first Associate nation to play a home fixture in a World Cup. The Netherlands failed to qualify but World Cup matches were still held in the Netherlands.
1989 Ronde van Nederland
These are the results for the 29th edition of the Ronde van Nederland cycling race, which was held from August 14 to August 19, 1989. The race started in Nieuwegein (Utrecht) and finished 857 kilometres later in Gulpen (Limburg).

Utrecht (province)
Utrecht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈytrɛxt] ⓘ), officially the Province of Utrecht (Dutch: Provincie Utrecht), is a province of the Netherlands. It is located in the centre of the country, bordering the Eemmeer in the north-east, the province of Gelderland in the east and south-east, the province of South Holland in the west and south-west and the province of North Holland in the north-west and north. The province of Utrecht has a population of about 1,388,000 as of January 2023. With a land area of approximately 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi), it is the second smallest province in the country. Apart from its eponymous capital, major cities and towns in the province are Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal and Zeist. The busiest railway station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal, is located in the province of Utrecht.
Go Mi-young
Go Mi-young (Korean: 고미영; Hanja: 高美英; March 3, 1967 – July 11, 2009) was a South Korean mountaineer.

Together with the Korean mountaineer Jae-Soo Kim, she became one of the first climbers to summit three 8,000-metre peaks in a single season when they climbed Makalu, Kangchenjunga, and Dhaulagiri in six weeks. In 2007, she summited Everest.  On July 11, 2009, after reaching the top of Nanga Parbat, she fell off a cliff on the descent in bad weather and was later found dead.  At the time of her death, she was in the quest to become the first woman to scale the world's 14 highest peaks (the eight-thousanders), competing against the Korean climber Oh Eun-sun and Basque Spanish climber Edurne Pasaban, who later achieved this goal.

Edurne Pasaban
Edurne Pasaban Lizarribar (born August 1, 1973) is a Basque Spanish mountaineer. On May 17, 2010, she became the first woman to climb all 14 of the eight-thousanders – and the 21st person to do so. Her first 8,000 peak had been achieved 9 years earlier, on May 23, 2001, when she reached the summit of Mount Everest. She has also completed the seven summits.
Jane-Howard Hammerstein
Jane-Howard Hammerstein (December 16, 1934 – January 15, 2022) was an American screenwriter best known as the writer of the film Summer of My German Soldier (1978), which earned a Humanitas Prize and was nominated for an Emmy Award. She also wrote the screenplay for Long Road Home (1991).

Summer of My German Soldier (film)
Summer of My German Soldier is a 1978 American television film based on the 1973 novel of the same title written by Bette Greene. Set during World War II, it stars Kristy McNichol as a Jewish-American girl and Bruce Davison as the German prisoner of war whom she befriends.
2022 St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy – Singles
Anett Kontaveit defeated Maria Sakkari in the final, 5–7, 7–6(7–4), 7–5 to win the singles title at the 2022 St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy. Kontaveit's victory in the final was her 20th consecutive match win on indoor hard courts, dating back to the 2021 Ostrava Open; this is the longest such streak since Justine Henin won 22 matches on indoor courts between October 2007 and May 2010.

Daria Kasatkina was the defending champion, but withdrew before the tournament began.

Bernarda Pera
Bernarda Pera (/bərˈnɑːrdə ˈpɛrə/ bər-NAR-də PERR-ə; Croatian pronunciation: [běrnaːrda pêra]; born 3 December 1994) is a Croatian-American professional tennis player. Pera has won two singles titles and one doubles title on the WTA Tour, along with nine singles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She achieved career-high rankings of world No. 27 in singles on June 12, 2023, and No. 35 in doubles on February 21, 2022. Before March 2013, Pera represented her country of birth, Croatia.