hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Vause Birks
Dr. George Vause Birks (c. 1815 – 31 January 1858) was a medical doctor who with his family emigrated to South Australia in 1853, and died there less than four years later. Their family was significant in the commercial life of the young city of Adelaide.  Many of the Birks family were involved in William Lane's New Australia colony in Paraguay and others in the irrigation settlement at Murtho initiated by the Government on the River Murray, losing substantial sums in the failures of these Utopian ventures.

Gawler Place
Gawler Place is a single-lane thoroughfare in the city centre of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. Somewhat narrower than other busy streets in the Central Business District, it runs north to south from North Terrace to Wakefield Street, parallel to and approximately midway between King William and Pulteney streets.
Pakistan International Airlines cricket team
Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) cricket team was a first-class cricket side sponsored by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), and was based in Karachi before its disestablishment in 2020. The  side has won the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy more times than anyone else except Karachi.

They played their first first-class match in May 1961, under the captaincy of Hanif Mohammad, and their last in November 2016, captained by Fahad Iqbal. They played 407 first-class matches, with 159 wins, 73 losses and 175 draws.

Hanif Mohammad
Hanif Mohammad PP (21 December 1934 – 11 August 2016) was a Pakistani cricketer. 
He played for the Pakistani cricket team in 55 Test matches between the 1952–53 season and the 1969–70 season. He averaged 43.98, scoring twelve centuries. At his peak, he was considered one of the best batsmen in the world despite playing at a time when Pakistan played very little Test cricket; Hanif played just 55 Test matches in a career spanning 17 years. In his obituary by ESPNcricinfo, he was honoured as the original Little Master, a title later assumed by Sunil Gavaskar and Sachin Tendulkar. He was the first Pakistani to score a triple hundred in a Test match.
1997–98 Duleep Trophy
The 1997–98 Duleep Trophy was the 37th season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

The title was shared by Central Zone and West Zone.

Duleep Trophy
The Duleep Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket competition in India. Named after former cricketer Duleepsinhji, the competition has usually been contested by teams representing various geographical zones of India since the first tournament in 1961–62. There have been a few exceptions to the zonal format, such as the 2002–03 tournament, where five teams were formed based on Ranji Trophy groups, and the four editions held between 2016–17 and 2019–20, when the BCCI selected three teams called India Blue, Red and Green. The latest 2024-25 edition featured four teams named Team A, B, C and D.
Producer's representative
Producers' representatives (informally reps) aid film producers in selling films direct to studios and networks. Typically they act as an intermediary between a film's producer and distributor. American producers' reps include Blue Harbor Entertainment, Glen Reynolds of Circus Road Films, Scotty Gelt, Jeff Dowd, Buffalo 8, Ben Yennie, Noor Ahmed, and Andrew Herwitz.

Film distributor
A film distributor is a person responsible for the marketing of a film. The distribution company may be the same as, or different from, the production company. Distribution deals are an important part of financing a film.

The distributor may set the release date of a film and the method by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing; for example, directly to the public either theatrically or for home viewing (DVD, video-on-demand, download, television programs through broadcast syndication etc.). A distributor may do this directly, if the distributor owns the theaters or film distribution networks, or through theatrical exhibitors and other sub-distributors. A limited distributor may deal only with particular products, such as DVDs or Blu-ray, or may act in a particular country or market. The primary distributor will often receive credit in the film's credits, one sheet or other marketing material.
Jackson Correctional Institution (Wisconsin)
The Jackson Correctional Institution is a medium-security prison for adult males located in Black River Falls, Wisconsin. As of 2023, the prison had a population of 1,003 inmates,  with an operating capacity of 837, and 292 staff. It is owned and maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Corrections. The facility was first opened in 1996.

Black River Falls, Wisconsin
Black River Falls is a city in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 3,523 at the 2020 census. It is located along the Black River and home to the headquarters of the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin.
Droste (surname)
Droste is a German surname, derived from a medieval court appointment named Drost. Notable people with the surname include:

Annette von Droste-Hülshoff (1797–1848), German poet, writer, and composer

Clemens August Droste zu Vischering (1773–1845), German baron and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cologne

Daniel Droste (born 1980), German musician

Dao Droste (born 1952), Vietnamese-German artist

Ed Droste (born 1978), American singer-songwriter, musician, and licensed therapist

Edward C. Droste (born 1951), American businessman

Elmer Droste (1895–1972), American lawyer, politician, and Army officer

Gottfried von Droste (1908–1992), German physical chemist

Jean Droste (born 1994), South African rugby union player

Johannes Droste (1886–1963), Dutch mathematician

Louise Droste-Roggemann (1865–1945), German painter

Sebastian Droste (1898–1927), German poet, actor, and dancer

Wiglaf Droste (1961–2019), German poet and satirical writer

Wout Droste (born 1989), Dutch footballer

Wiglaf Droste
Wiglaf Droste (German pronunciation: [ˈʋiːklaf ˈdʁɔstə]; (1961-06-27)27 June 1961 – (2019-05-15)15 May 2019) was an award-winning German poet, writer, songwriter, publicist, author and singer who was best known as a satirist.
Chilorhinophis butleri
Chilorhinophis butleri, also known commonly as Butler's black-and-yellow burrowing snake and  Butler's two-headed snake, is a species of mildly venomous snake in the family Atractaspididae. The species is endemic to East Africa.

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
Basic Rights Oregon
Basic Rights Oregon (BRO) is an American nonprofit LGBTQ rights organization based in Portland, Oregon. It is the largest advocacy, education, and political organization working in Oregon to end discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Basic Rights Oregon has a full-time staff, a contract lobbyist, and more than 10,000 contributors, and 5,000 volunteers. It is a 501(c)(4) organization that maintains a 501(c)(3) education fund, a state candidate PAC, and a ballot measure PAC. The organization is a member of the Equality Federation.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Lutuv language
Lutuv, widely known as Lautu Chin, is a Kuki-Chin language spoken in 16 villages in Matupi townships, Thantlang townships and Hakha townships, Chin State, Myanmar. The Lutuv Chin language share 90%–97% lexical similarity. Lutuv Chin has 87%–94% lexical similarity with Mara Chin, 82%–85% with Zophe Chin, 80%–86% with Senthang Chin. A written script for Lutuv was created in 1960 by Rev. Fr. Andre Bareights and Michael Mg. Hre Hmung.

The Chin Languages Research Project with Lutuv translator Siy Hne Paa (Sui Hnem Par) have provided translations of ten short books into Lutuv. The Chin Languages Research Project has also a YouTube Channel.

Hakha
Hakha (Burmese: ဟားခါးမြို့, MLCTS: ha: hka: mrui., pronounced [hákʰá mjo̰]; formerly rendered Haka, Hakha-Chin: Halkha) is the capital of Chin State in Myanmar.

Hakha is located in the northeast of Chin State, with a total area of about 12.50 square miles (32.4 km2). The city of Hakha is located on a plateau at more than 1,867 metres (6,125 ft) above sea level. Although relatively small in area, it is the largest city of Chin State, as well as its capital city. It is estimated that Hakha has enough land and full capacity to extend to as ten times its current township area.
Rossano Gospels
The Rossano Gospels, designated by 042 or Σ (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 18 (Soden), held at the cathedral of Rossano in Italy, is a 6th-century illuminated manuscript Gospel Book written following the reconquest of the Italian peninsula by the Byzantine Empire. Also known as  Codex purpureus Rossanensis due to the reddish-purple (purpureus in Latin) appearance of its pages, the codex is one of the oldest surviving illuminated manuscripts of the New Testament. The manuscript is famous for its prefatory cycle of miniatures of subjects from the Life of Christ, arranged in two tiers on the page, sometimes with small Old Testament prophet portraits below, prefiguring and pointing up to events described in the New Testament scene above.

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Hall of Flames
Hall of Flames is the first compilation album released by German power metal band Edguy in 2004. This album covers tracks from albums released by AFM Records.

The first disc serves as a compilation of songs since 1997. The second contains many rare tracks in both exclusive singles (the audio portion of the "La Marche des Gendarmes" music/video single) and live tracks.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Prison reform
Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, improve the effectiveness of a penal system, reduce recidivism or implement alternatives to incarceration. It also focuses on ensuring the reinstatement of those whose lives are impacted by crimes.

In modern times, the idea of making living spaces safe and clean has extended from the civilian population to include prisons, based on ethical grounds. It is recognized that unsafe and unsanitary prisons violate constitutional prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment. In recent times prison reform ideas include greater access to legal counsel and family, conjugal visits, proactive security against violence, and implementing house arrest with assistive technology.

First Step Act
The First Step Act, formally known as the Formerly Incarcerated Reenter Society Transformed Safely Transitioning Every Person Act, is a bipartisan criminal justice bill passed by the 115th U.S. Congress and signed by President Donald Trump in December 2018. The act enacted several changes in U.S. federal criminal law aimed at reforming federal prisons and sentencing laws in order to reduce recidivism, decreasing the federal inmate population, and maintaining public safety.
Sara Curruchich
Sara Curruchich (born 25 July 1993) is a Guatemalan singer-songwriter of Kaqchikel descent. She sings in both Spanish and the Kaqchikel language, and is one of the first musicians to use the latter in popular music. She became well known in her country with her 2015 song "Ch'uti'xtän" ("Girl"). Since then, she has released two albums and multiple singles. Curruchich is also an activist in defense of women's and indigenous people's rights. For her work as an activist, she has won the MIAW Transformer Award at the 2021 MTV Millennial Awards, and been selected for the Ford Fellowship Foundation Global Fellowship Program.

Demographics of Guatemala
This is a demography of the population of Guatemala including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

According to the 2018 census, 43.56% of the population is Indigenous including 41.66% Mayan, 1.77% Xinca, and 0.13% Garifuna (Mixed African and indigenous). Approximately 56% of the population is "non-Indigenous", referring to the Mestizo population (people of mixed European and indigenous descent) and the people of European origin. These people are called Ladino in Guatemala. The population is divided almost evenly between rural and urban areas.

About 65% of the population speaks Spanish as a native language, with nearly all the rest speaking indigenous languages (there are 23 officially recognized indigenous languages).
Thunderchild First Nation
Thunderchild First Nation (Cree: ᑳ ᐱᑎᑰᓈᕽ, romanized: kâ-pitikônâhk) is an independent Cree First Nations band government in Turtleford, Saskatchewan, Canada with no affiliation with any Tribal Council. It is located approximately 113 kilometers northwest of North Battleford. European settlement in 1909 caused the reserve to be moved by the Government of Canada from its original location near Delmas, Saskatchewan to where it now currently resides near Turtleford, Saskatchewan.

The First Nation's population is 1,868 of whom approximately 630 reside on the reserve.

This reserve came about after Chief Piyesiw-awasis's headmen were forced to sign an adhesion to Treaty Six in August, 1879 at Special Area No. 4. Piyesiw-awasis was one of Big Bear's bodyguards until starvation and sickness led his people to adhere to the treaty. However, Piyesiw-awasis did not put his mark to the treaty document.

Tribal council (Canada)
A tribal council is an association of First Nations bands in Canada, generally along regional, ethnic or linguistic lines.

An Indian band, usually consisting of one main community, is the fundamental unit of government for First Nations in Canada. Bands may unite to form a tribal council, but they need not do so. Bands that do not belong to a tribal council are said to be independent. Bands may and do withdraw from tribal councils. Furthermore, the authority that bands delegate to their tribal council varies, with some tribal councils serving as a strong, central organization while others are granted limited power by their members.

Nunavut and Newfoundland and Labrador do not have any tribal councils.
Carl Francis Pilat
Carl Francis Pilat (1876–1933), the nephew of Ignatz Anton Pilát, was an organizing member of the firm of Hinchman & Pilat, then landscape architect for the city parks 1913–1918. While with the city, Carl Pilat designed Astoria Park, the Telewan project (later named Jacob Riis Park) in Queens, both around 1913,: 2·3  and redesigns of Union Square and Isham, Gaynor memorial and Silver Lake parks. Pilat drew landscape designs for estates of C. H. Dodge, Spencer Trask, E. M. Shepard, E. K. Cone and the Baroness von Zimmerman, some of the gardens at what later became the Reeves-Reed Arboretum in Summit, New Jersey, and the Theodore Vail memorial in Parsippany, New Jersey.

Spencer Trask
Spencer Trask (September 18, 1844 – December 31, 1909) was an American financier, philanthropist, and venture capitalist. Beginning in the 1870s, Trask began investing and supporting entrepreneurs, including Thomas Edison's commercial production of the electric light bulb and his electricity network. In 1896 he reorganized The New York Times, becoming its majority shareholder and chairman.

Along with his financial acumen, Trask was a generous philanthropist, a leading patron of the arts, a strong supporter of education, and a champion of humanitarian causes. His gifts to his alma mater, Princeton University, set a lecture series in his name that still continues to this day. He was also an initial trustee of the Teachers' College (now Teachers College, Columbia University) and St. Stephen's College (now Bard College).
The Music of Nashville: Season 4, Volume 1
The Music of Nashville: Season 4, Volume 1 is the seventh soundtrack from the American musical drama television series Nashville, created by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri and starring Connie Britton as country music superstar Rayna Jaymes and Hayden Panettiere as Juliette Barnes. The album was released on December 4, 2015, digitally and (exclusively through Target in North America) physically.

The album debuted at No. 170 on the Billboard 200, No. 6 on Soundtrack Albums, selling 5,200 copies in the first week.

Connie Britton
Connie Britton (born Constance Elaine Womack; March 6, 1967) is an American actress. Her accolades include nominations for five Primetime Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards. She gained prominence for her roles in the television series Spin City (1996–2000), The West Wing (2001), and 24 (2006). Further recognition came for starring as Tami Taylor in Friday Night Lights (2006–2011), Vivien Harmon in American Horror Story: Murder House (2011), and Rayna Jaymes in Nashville (2012–2018). Her other television projects include Dirty John (2018–2019), The White Lotus (2021), and Zero Day (2025).

In film, she has featured in The Brothers McMullen (1995), Beatriz at Dinner (2017), Promising Young Woman (2020), and Luckiest Girl Alive (2022). Beyond acting, she is an advocate for women's rights and served as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Development Programme.
Denis Prieur (painter)
Denis Prieur is a painter born in Moret-sur-Loing, France, 1957, where he lived in a particularly painting oriented atmosphere. His grandfather Louis Prieur, was a painter. His father, Claude Prieur, a fresco painter, is still active working on French historic monuments.

Moret-sur-Loing
Moret-sur-Loing (French pronunciation: [mɔʁɛ syʁ lwɛ̃], literally Moret on Loing) is a former commune in the Seine-et-Marne department located at the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is situated along the confluence of the rivers Loing and Seine. Moret–Veneux-les-Sablons station has rail connections to Montargis, Melun, Montereau-Fault-Yonne, Laroche-Migennes and Paris.

On 1 January 2015, Moret-sur-Loing and Écuelles merged, becoming the commune of Orvanne, which in turn merged into the new commune of Moret-Loing-et-Orvanne on 1 January 2016.

The town was a source of inspiration for Monet, Renoir, and Sisley.
Crayon Shin-chan: Explosion! The Hot Spring's Feel Good Final Battle
Crayon Shin-chan: Explosion! The Hot Spring's Feel Good Final Battle (クレヨンしんちゃん 爆発!温泉わくわく大決戦, Kureyon Shinchan: Bakuhatsu! Onsen Wakuwaku Daikessen), also known as Burst! Hot Spring Battle!, is seventh in the Crayon Shin-chan anime film series. It was released on April 17, 1999 in Japan along with the short film titled Kureshin Paradise! Made in Saitama (クレしんパラダイス！メイド・イン・埼玉, Kureshin paradaisu! Meido in Saitama).

Crayon Shin-chan
Crayon Shin-chan (Japanese: クレヨンしんちゃん, Hepburn: Kureyon Shin-chan) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshito Usui. Crayon Shin-chan made its first appearance in 1990 in a Japanese weekly magazine called Weekly Manga Action, which was published by Futabasha. Due to the death of author Yoshito Usui, the manga in its original form ended on September 11, 2009. A new manga began in the summer of 2010 by members of Usui's team, titled New Crayon Shin-chan (新クレヨンしんちゃん, Shin Kureyon Shin-chan).

An animated television adaptation began airing on TV Asahi in 1992 and is still ongoing, with over 1200 episodes. The show has been dubbed in 30 languages which aired in 45 countries. As of 2023, both the Crayon Shin-Chan and New Crayon Shin-Chan series has over 148 million copies in circulation, making it among the best-selling manga series in history.
Kasper Torsting
Kasper Torsting (born September 22, 1975) is a Danish film director, producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, and editor. He is best known for his early works as a cinematographer and director on the documentaries Rocket Brothers, Solo,  and the cinema-portrait of fellow Danish director, Oscar winner Thomas Vinterberg and David Bowie.

Audience award
An audience award is typically an award at a film festival (or some other type of cultural festival or similar competition) which is selected by the audience attending the festival rather than by the festival jury or a group of critics.
Artin conductor
In mathematics, the Artin conductor is a number or ideal associated to a character of a Galois group of a local or global field, introduced by Emil Artin (1930, 1931) as an expression appearing in the functional equation of an Artin L-function.

Galois group
In mathematics, in the area of abstract algebra known as Galois theory, the Galois group of a certain type of field extension is a specific group associated with the field extension. The study of field extensions and their relationship to the polynomials that give rise to them via Galois groups is called Galois theory, so named in honor of Évariste Galois who first discovered them.

For a more elementary discussion of Galois groups in terms of permutation groups, see the article on Galois theory.