hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Timeline of women's suffrage in Virginia
This is a timeline of women's suffrage in Virginia. While there were some very early efforts to support women's suffrage in Virginia, most of the activism for the vote for women occurred early in the 20th century. The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was formed in 1909 and the Virginia Branch of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (later the National Woman's Party) was formed in 1915. Over the next years, women held rallies, conventions and many propositions for women's suffrage were introduced in the Virginia General Assembly. Virginia didn't ratify the Nineteenth Amendment until 1952. Native American women could not have a full vote until 1924 and African American women were effectively disenfranchised until the Voting Rights Act passed in 1965.

Lynchburg, Virginia
Lynchburg is an independent city in Virginia, United States. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the James River, it had a population of 79,009 at the 2020 census, making it the 11th-most populous city in Virginia. It is nicknamed the "City of Seven Hills" or the "Hill City." Lynchburg was founded in 1757 by John Lynch, a Quaker ferry operator and abolitionist. During the American Civil War, Lynchburg's strategic importance helped it remain the only major city in Virginia not recaptured by Union forces before the war's end.

Lynchburg anchors the Lynchburg metropolitan area, which lies near the geographic center of Virginia and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the state, with a population of 261,593. The city is a regional hub for education, home to several institutions of higher learning, including Liberty University, the University of Lynchburg, Randolph College, Virginia University of Lynchburg, and Central Virginia Community College.
Adolf Scheuber
Adolf Scheuber (January 23, 1833 – April 12, 1892) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Prussia, Scheuber emigrated to the United States in 1849 and eventually settled in Erfurt, Jefferson County, Wisconsin. He was a farmer and merchant. Scheuber served as notary public, register of deeds for Jefferson County and as superintendent of the poor. In 1877, Scheuber served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. Later, Scheuber lived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin where he died.

Jefferson County, Wisconsin
Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 84,900. Its county seat is Jefferson. Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Atkinson, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Bangladesh at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Bangladesh competed in their fourth Commonwealth Games in 2002 sending male athletes in athletics and swimming and a mixed team in shooting. It won a gold medal in shooting, its first medal since Auckland 1990, when it won a gold and a bronze in shooting.

1990 Commonwealth Games
The 1990 Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1990 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Auckland, New Zealand from, 24 January – 3 February 1990. It was the 14th Commonwealth Games, and part of New Zealand's 1990 sesquicentennial celebrations.

Participants competed in ten sports: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting and weightlifting. Judo (which had been a demonstration sport in 1986) and Gymnastics (last held in 1978) were added as events by the New Zealand organising committee, effectively replacing wrestling, which was dropped from the Games for the first time and rowing which had been held for the last time.

Netball and the Triathlon were demonstration events.
Pain au chocolat
Pain au chocolat (French: [pɛ̃ o ʃɔkɔla] ⓘ; Occitan: pan amb xocolata, lit. 'chocolate bread'), also known as chocolatine (French: [ʃɔkɔlatin] ⓘ; Occitan: chocolatina) in the south-west part of France and in French speaking parts of Canada, couque au chocolat (Flemish: chocoladekoek) in Belgium, or chocolate croissant in the English-speaking countries, is a type of Viennoiserie consisting of a cuboid-shaped piece of yeast-leavened laminated dough, similar in texture to a puff pastry, with one or two pieces of dark chocolate in the center. The chocolate usually has a slight bite to the texture.

Pain au chocolat is made of the same layered doughs as a croissant. Often sold still hot or warm from the oven, they are commonly sold alongside croissants in French bakeries and supermarkets.

Flemish dialects
Flemish (Vlaams [vlaːms] ⓘ) is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language. It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch (Vlaams-Nederlands), Belgian Dutch (Belgisch-Nederlands [ˈbɛlɣis ˈneːdərlɑnts] ⓘ), or Southern Dutch (Zuid-Nederlands). Flemish is native to the region known as Flanders in northern Belgium; it is spoken by Flemings, the dominant ethnic group of the region. Outside of Belgium Flanders, it is also spoken to some extent in French Flanders and the Dutch Zeelandic Flanders.
William Messing
William Messing is an American mathematician who works in the field of arithmetic algebraic geometry.

Messing received his doctorate in 1971 at Princeton University under the supervisions of Alexander Grothendieck (and Nicholas Katz) with his thesis The Crystals Associated to Barsotti–Tate Groups: With Applications to Abelian Schemes. In 1972, he was a C.L.E. Moore instructor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is currently professor emeritus at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis).

In his thesis, Messing elaborated on Grothendieck's 1970 lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice on p-divisible groups (Barsotti–Tate groups) that are important in algebraic geometry in prime characteristic, which were introduced in the 1950s by Dieudonné in his study of Lie algebras over fields of finite characteristic. Messing worked together with Pierre Berthelot, Barry Mazur, and Aise Johan de Jong.

International Congress of Mathematicians
The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for the topic of mathematics. It meets once every four years, hosted by the International Mathematical Union (IMU).

The Fields Medals, the IMU Abacus Medal (known before 2022 as the Nevanlinna Prize), the Gauss Prize, and the Chern Medal are awarded during the congress's opening ceremony. Each congress is memorialized by a printed set of Proceedings recording academic papers based on invited talks intended to be relevant to current topics of general interest. Being invited to talk at the ICM has been called "the equivalent ... of an induction to a hall of fame".
2010 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's invitation doubles
Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis were the defending champions but were eliminated in the round robin.

Donald Johnson and Jared Palmer defeated the defending champions Wayne Ferreira and Yevgeny Kafelnikov in the final, 6–3, 6–2, to win the gentlemen's invitation doubles tennis title at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships.

Wayne Ferreira
Wayne Richard Ferreira (born 15 September 1971) is a South African  tennis coach and a former professional player. Ferreira won 15 ATP singles titles and 11 doubles titles. His career-high rankings were world No. 6 in singles (in May 1995) and world No. 9 in doubles (in March 2001).
Adriana Cabrera
Adriana Cabrera (born 23 November 1992) is a Puerto Rican handball player who plays for the club Santa Isabel Handball. She is member of the Puerto Rican national team. She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.

2015 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2015 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 22nd event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Denmark. The decision to select Denmark as the host was announced on 27 January 2011.

In the final Norway won 31–23 against the Netherlands to gain their third title. Romania won bronze after they defeated Poland 31–22.
La Laurentienne Building
La Laurentienne Building (French: Édifice La Laurentienne) is a 102-metre (335 ft), 27-story skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The building was designed by Dimitri Dimakopoulos & Associates for Marathon Realty, Lavalin and the Laurentian Bank. It is located on René-Lévesque Boulevard at the intersection of Peel Street, in the Ville-Marie borough of Downtown Montreal. It is adjacent to the Bell Centre and the 1250 René-Lévesque skyscraper to the south, and stands on the site of the former Laurentian Hotel.

La Laurentienne Building is currently owned and managed by global real estate investor, developer and owner Oxford Properties. The building's grounds are home to the outdoor bronze sculpture Cactus modulaire.

Ville-Marie, Montreal
Ville-Marie (French pronunciation: [vil maʁi]) is the name of a borough (arrondissement) in the centre of Montreal, Quebec. The borough is named after Fort Ville-Marie, the French settlement that would later become Montreal (now Old Montreal), which was located within the present-day borough. Old Montreal is a National Historic Site of Canada.

The borough comprises all of downtown Montreal, including the Quartier des spectacles; Old Montreal and the Old Port; the Centre-Sud area; most of Mount Royal Park as well as Saint Helen's Island and Île Notre-Dame.

In 2016, it had a population of 104,944 and an area of 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 mi2).
Ryder Glacier
Ryder Glacier is a gently sloping glacier, 13 nautical miles (24 km) long and wide, flowing west from the Dyer Plateau of Palmer Land into George VI Sound to the south of Gurney Point. First surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1954 for Captain Robert Ryder, Royal Navy, who as Lieutenant, was commander of the Penola during the BGLE, 1934–37.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Ryder Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Robert Ryder
Captain Robert Edward Dudley Ryder VC (16 February 1908 – 29 June 1986) was a Royal Navy officer and a British recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He became a Conservative Member of Parliament after retiring from the navy.
NGC 4246
NGC 4246 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 4064 ± 24 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 195.5 ± 13.7 Mly (59.94 ± 4.21 Mpc). However, 20 non-redshift measurements give a distance of 172.01 ± 10.57 Mly (52.740 ± 3.241 Mpc). It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 13 April 1784. It was also observed by German astronomer Arnold Schwassmann on 30 October 1899 and listed in the Index Catalogue as IC 3113.

According to the SIMBAD database, NGC 4246 is a LINER galaxy, i.e. a galaxy whose nucleus has an emission spectrum characterized by broad lines of weakly ionized atoms.

NGC 4246 along with NGC 4235 and NGC 4247 are listed together as Holm 359 in Erik Holmberg's A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems, published in 1937.

Erik Holmberg (astronomer)
Erik Holmberg (13 November 1908 – 1 February 2000) was a Swedish astronomer and cosmologist. He is most famous for his work in the effects of interacting galaxies. This research showed that galaxies that came near each other would likely combine to form a larger galaxy.

In 1908, Holmberg was born to Malcolm and Anna Holmberg in Skillingaryd, Sweden. In 1947 he married Martha Asdahl. They had one daughter named Osa, who was born in 1953. He died on 1 February 2000 in Gothenburg, at the age of 91.
Bad Neustadt an der Saale
Bad Neustadt an der Saale (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈzaːlə] ⓘ, lit. 'Bad Neustadt on the Saale'), officially Bad Neustadt a.d.Saale and often simply called Bad Neustadt, is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the Rhön-Grabfeld district in Lower Franconia. It is situated on the rivers Franconian Saale and Brend, near the Rhön Mountains, 30 km north of Schweinfurt, and 47 km southeast of Fulda.

Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken, pronounced [ˈʊntɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).
Battle of Bojong Kokosan
The Battle of Bojong Kokosan (Indonesian: Pertempuran Bojong Kokosan) was fought on 9-12 December 1945 in the Sukabumi Regency of West Java as a part of the Indonesian National Revolution, when a British army convoy carrying prisoners of war and internees to Bandung was ambushed by local Indonesian freedom fighters near Cicurug. The conflict is considered one of the first instances of de facto recognition of the Republic of Indonesia by the Western Allies, as the convoy's negotiator was able to successfully secure safe passage to Bandung on the 12th.

Gurkha
The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (/ˈɡɜːrkə, ˈɡʊər-/), with the endonym Gorkhali (Nepali: गोर्खाली [ɡoɾkʰaːliː]), are soldiers native to South Asia, chiefly residing within Nepal and some parts of North India.

The Gurkha units consist of Nepali and (in India) Indian Gorkha, Nepali-speaking Indian people. They are recruited for the Nepali Army (96,000), the Indian Army (42,000), the British Army (4,010), the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force, the Gurkha Reserve Unit of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces, and UN peacekeeping forces in war zones around the world. Ordinary citizens of the two demographic groups become a Gurkha by applying for, and passing, the selection and training process.

Gurkhas are closely associated with the khukuri, a forward-curving knife, and have a reputation for fearless military prowess. Former Indian Army Chief of Staff Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw once stated that:

"If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gurkha."
2010 Rai Open – Doubles
Simon Greul and Alessandro Motti were the defending champions, but Greul chose to participate in Monte Carlo instead.
Motti partnered up with Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo, but they lost to Jorge Aguilar and Federico del Bonis in the first round.
Polish pair Tomasz Bednarek and Mateusz Kowalczyk won in the final 6–4, 7–6(4), against Jeff Coetzee and Jesse Witten.

Jesse Witten
Jesse Witten (born October 15, 1982, in Naples, Florida) is an American professional tennis player. He is a graduate of Lely High School and the University of Kentucky, where he majored in kinesiology.
2023 NCAA Division III men's basketball tournament
The 2023 NCAA Division III men's basketball tournament was a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division III college basketball in the United States. Featuring sixty-four teams, it was played in March 2023, following the 2022–23 season, concluding with the championship game on March 18, 2023.

The national semifinal and championship rounds were held at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Christopher Newport won their first national championship, beating Mount Union 74–72 on a buzzer-beating layup by Trey Barber.

Ashland, Virginia
Ashland is a town in Hanover County, Virginia, United States, located 16 miles (26 km) north of Richmond along Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 7,565, up from 7,225 at the 2010 census.

Ashland is named after the Lexington, Kentucky estate of Hanover County native and statesman Henry Clay. It is the only incorporated town in Hanover County. Although comprising only one square mile when originally incorporated in 1858, today Ashland has grown through several annexations to a size of 7.16 square miles (18.5 km2).
The Me Nobody Knows
The Me Nobody Knows is a musical with music by Gary William Friedman and lyrics by Will Holt. It debuted off-Broadway in 1970 and then transferred to Broadway, making it one of the earliest rock musicals to play on Broadway, and the first Broadway hit to give voice to the sentiments of inner-city American youth. It received the Obie Award and the Drama Desk Award for best New Musical, and Five Tony Award nominations, including Best Musical.

Rock musical
A rock musical is a musical theatre work with rock music. The genre of rock musical may overlap somewhat with album musicals, concept albums and song cycles, as they sometimes tell a story through the rock music, and some album musicals and concept albums become rock musicals. Notable examples of rock musicals include Next to Normal, Spring Awakening, Rent, Grease, and Hair. The Who's Tommy and other rock operas are sometimes presented on stage as a musical.
Ebrahima Sawaneh
Ebrahima 'Ibou' Sawaneh (born 7 September 1986) is a Gambian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Wilrijk in the Belgian Provincial Leagues. In the past he played for various clubs, including Lech Poznan, KSK Beveren, KV Kortrijk, KV Mechelen, RAEC Mons, OH Leuven and Muaither. Sawaneh holds dual nationality (Gambian-German), and has represented the Gambia national team.

Lech Poznań
Kolejowy Klub Sportowy Lech Poznań (lit. 'Railway Sports Club Lech Poznań'), commonly referred to as KKS Lech Poznań or simply Lech Poznań (Polish pronunciation: [lɛx ˈpɔznaj̃]), is a Polish professional football club based in Poznań and currently competing in the Ekstraklasa, the nation's highest division.

The club was established on 19 March 1922 as KS Lutnia Dębiec, later changing its name several times. Until 1994, the club was closely linked to Polish State Railways (PKP). As a result, its popular nickname is Kolejorz [kɔˈlɛjɔʂ], which means The Railwayman in local slang. The club's debut in the Polish top division took place in the year 1948. The brightest era of Lech was in the early 1980s and early 1990s when they won 5 Polish league titles, 3 Polish Cups and a Polish Super Cup. Lech has won the Polish league a total of nine times, most recently in 2025, and is the most popular football club in the Greater Poland region.
Ballsh
Ballsh (Albanian definite form: Ballshi) is a town and a former municipality in Fier County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision and the seat of the municipality Mallakastër. It was the seat of the former District of Mallakastër. The population at the 2011 census was 7,657.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Hugh Proudfoot
John Hugh Proudfoot (18 May 1912 – 30 November 1980) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a breeder and lumberman by career.

The son of A.G. Proudfoot and Esther M. Creighton,
 Hugh Proudfoot was born in Fort-Coulonge, Quebec where he served as mayor from 1945 to 1950. In 1937, he married Iva Winifred Langford. In the 1949 federal election, he won a Parliamentary seat at the Pontiac—Témiscamingue riding. Proudfoot was re-elected for successive terms in 1953 and 1957, then in 1958 was defeated by Paul Martineau of the Progressive Conservative party.

Proudfoot died in 1980, aged 68.

Pontiac–Témiscamingue (federal electoral district)
Pontiac—Témiscamingue was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1949 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1947 from Pontiac riding.

It was defined to consist of:

the county of Pontiac;

the towns of Belleterre and Témiscamingue and the county of Témiscamingue, except the township of Montreuil, Rémigny, Beaumesnil, Clérion, Chabert, Landanet, Mazérac, Jourdan, Pélissier and Granet and all the townships situated north of Granet.

In 1966, it was split into the new electoral districts of Pontiac and Témiscamingue.
Tata Super Ace
Tata Super Ace, launched by the Indian multinational automotive company Tata Motors Limited is a 1 tonne streamlined diesel mini truck. It offers a loading deck length of 2630 mm, a top speed of 125 km/h (78 mph), and a turning radius of 5.1 m. It is based on the design of the highly successful and acclaimed Tata Ace, India's first commercial sub one-tonne, four-wheeled mini truck, which also won the BBC Top Gear's Annual Best Commercial Vehicle Design Award, 2006.

Common rail
Common rail direct fuel injection is a direct fuel injection system built around a high-pressure fuel rail feeding solenoid valves. This pressure is typically over 2,000 bar or 200 MPa or 29,000 psi. A common rail system contrasts with the low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors (or pump nozzles). High-pressure injection delivers power and fuel consumption benefits over earlier lower pressure fuel injection, by injecting fuel as a larger number of smaller droplets, giving a much higher ratio of surface area to volume. This provides improved vaporization from the surface of the fuel droplets, and so more efficient combining of atmospheric oxygen with vaporized fuel delivering more complete combustion.

Common rail injection is widely used in diesel engines. It is also the basis of gasoline direct injection systems used on petrol engines.
Tomatokeftedes
Tomatokeftedes are fried tomato balls served as an appetizer on the Greek island of Santorini, and generally Cyclades. The dish is made from crushed or pureed tomatoes fried in oil. The batter is tomatoes and flour kneaded into a dough along with spices, parsley, onion, and mint; the dough is then fried in cooking oil and served as an appetizer. Santorini-grown tomatoes are preferred, as the island's rugged terrain and pumice-laced soil makes for more robust fruits.

Santorini tomato
The Santorini tomato 'τοματάκι Σαντορίνης' (tomataki Santorinis) is a variety of cherry tomato from Santorini, Greece. Santorinis have a deep red color and have firm, not particularly moist flesh with a high seed content. They are known for their high carbohydrate content and a sweet, strongly acidic taste. They have a round, slightly flattened shape and weigh 15–27 grams. They often have pronounced flutes, especially those growing lowest on the plant. The fruits generally ripen in 80–90 days.
Conduent
Conduent Inc. is an American business services provider company headquartered in Florham Park, New Jersey. It was formed in 2017 as a divestiture from Xerox. The company offers digital platforms for businesses and governments. As of 2026, it has over 54,000 employees working across 24 countries.

Divestment
In finance and economics, divestment or divestiture is the reduction of some kind of asset for financial, ethical, or political objectives or sale of an existing business by a firm. A divestment is the opposite of an investment. Divestiture is an adaptive change and adjustment of a company's ownership and business portfolio made to confront with internal and external changes.