hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jungle Lovers
Jungle Lovers (1971) is the fifth novel by American author Paul Theroux. Set in  post-colonial Malawi, it was published by Houghton Mifflin (US) and The Bodley Head (UK). 
The author worked in Malawi from 1963 to 1965 with the United States Peace Corps, before being deported for public criticism of dictator Hastings Banda. Because the Banda regime did not like the novel, it was banned in Malawi for many years.

The Bodley Head
The Bodley Head is an English book publishing imprint of Penguin Random House. Founded in 1887 by John Lane and Elkin Mathews, The Bodley Head existed as an independent entity or as part of multiple consortia until it was acquired by Random House in 1987 alongside sister companies Jonathan Cape and Chatto & Windus. Random House used The Bodley Head as a children's book imprint until April 2008, when it was repositioned as an adult non-fiction imprint within the Vintage Books division.

The Bodley Head launched Penguin Books as an imprint in 1935, which John Lane spun off as an independent company the following year. The Bodley Head acquired several other imprints prior to the Random House acquisition, including Martin Hopkinson and Gerald Howe in 1941, Nonesuch Press in 1953, Werner Laurie in 1957, and Hollis & Carter in 1962.
Paso Robles Press
The Paso Robles Press is a weekly printed newspaper and daily online publication based in Paso Robles, California, United States that serves the residents of northern San Luis Obispo County. It is operated by 13 Stars Media, with a readership primarily in Paso Robles and surrounding communities, including Templeton, San Miguel and Shandon.

San Miguel, California
San Miguel (Spanish for "St. Michael") is an unincorporated community in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,172. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined San Miguel as a census-designated place (CDP). San Miguel was founded by the Spanish in 1797, when Mission San Miguel Arcángel was established by Fermín de Lasuén. San Miguel is a tourist destination with historic architecture and vineyards, as part of the Paso Robles wine region.
Yuri Anikeev
Yuri Anikeev or Iurii Anikieiev (born June 11, 1983) is a Ukrainian International Grandmaster (GMI) of International and Brazilian draughts.

17th FMJD World Champion in draughts-100 and 11th World Champion in draughts-64 with classical time control.

World Draughts Federation
The World Draughts Federation (Fédération Mondiale du Jeu de Dames) FMJD, is the international body uniting national draughts federations. It was founded in 1947 by four Federations: France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland.
David W. Márquez
David W. Márquez (born 1946) is an American lawyer and politician, and the former attorney general of the state of Alaska. He is the Senior VP and COO of NANA Development Corporation, an Alaska native corporation, owned by the Iñupiaq people of northwest Alaska.

Iñupiat
The Inupiat (singular: Iñupiaq), also known as Alaskan Inuit, are a group of Alaska Natives whose traditional territory roughly spans northeast from Norton Sound on the Bering Sea to the northernmost part of the Canada–United States border. Their current communities include 34 villages across Iñupiat Nunaat (Iñupiaq lands), including seven Alaskan villages in the North Slope Borough, affiliated with the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; eleven villages in Northwest Arctic Borough; and sixteen villages affiliated with the Bering Straits Regional Corporation. They often claim to be the first people of the Kauwerak.
Prison social hierarchy
Prison social hierarchy refers to the social status of prisoners within a correctional facility, and how that status is used to exert power over other inmates. A prisoner's place in the hierarchy is determined by a wide array of factors including previous crimes, access to contraband, affiliation with prison gangs, and physical or sexual domination of other prisoners. People convicted of sex crimes, including child sexual abuse, are considered low in the hierarchy and are often the victims of extreme violence in prisons.

Contraband
Contraband (from Medieval French contrebande "smuggling") is any item that, relating to its nature, is illegal to be possessed or sold. It comprises goods that by their nature are considered too dangerous or offensive in the eyes of the legislator—termed contraband in se—and forbidden.

Derivative contraband consists of goods that may normally be owned, but are liable to be seized because they were used in committing an unlawful act and hence begot illegally, e.g. smuggling goods; stolen goods – knowingly participating in their trade is an offense in itself, called fencing.
Richardson (given name)
Richardson is a masculine given name borne by:

Richardson Clover (1846–1919), United States rear admiral and director of naval intelligence

Richardson Dilworth, mayor of Philadelphia (1956–1962)

Richardson Hitchins (born 1997), American boxer

Richardson Pack (1682–1728), English military officer and writer

Richardson Pratt Jr (1923–2001), president of the Pratt Institute

Richardson Viano (born 2002), French-Haitian alpine skier

Richardson (footballer, born 1976), Brazilian footballer Richardson Oliveira dos Santos

Richardson (footballer, born 1991), Brazilian footballer Richardson Fernandes dos Santos

Richardson (footballer, born 1992), Brazilian footballer Richardson Jussier Medeiros Cabral

Richardson Clover
Richardson Clover (July 11, 1846 – October 14, 1919) was an officer of the United States Navy.  An 1867 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, he was a noted hydrographer, served as Director of Naval Intelligence, and commanded the gunboat Bancroft during the Spanish–American War. He was socially prominent in Washington, D.C., and served as US Naval Attaché to Great Britain. He commanded the Wisconsin on the Asiatic Station and served as president of the Board of Inspection and Survey. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1907 and retired in 1908.
Laguna Verde, Chile
Laguna Verde is a Chilean town in the commune of Valparaíso in Valparaíso Province, Valparaíso Region. The town itself is small and quiet, feeling quite removed from hustle and bustle of nearby Valparaiso. Attractions include secluded beaches and miles of old logging roads perfect for mountain biking.

There the people can find very interesting places such as: "Las Canteras" that is a sequence of different water falls and natural pools, "La Playa Chica" that is like a little beach nearby the power plant that operates with coal, "La Caleta Chica" and "La Caleta Grande" that are little spots where fisherman families live and work, "Las Docas" that is a beach with big waves and is a very good spot for fishing and "El Faro" that is located at the end of the gulf and has the Lighthouse that helps the boats that get to Valparaíso.

Valparaíso Region
The Valparaíso Region (Spanish: Región de Valparaíso, pronounced [valpaɾaˈiso]) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. With the country's second-highest population of 1,896,053 as of 2024, and fourth-smallest area of 16,396.1 km2 (6,331 sq mi), the region is Chile's second most densely populated after the Santiago Metropolitan Region to the southeast. The region also includes Chile's remote islands of the Pacific Ocean, including Rapa Nui and the Juan Fernandez Islands.

Its capital is the port city of Valparaíso; other important cities include Viña del Mar, Quillota, San Felipe, Quilpué, Villa Alemana, and San Antonio.
1993 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1993 was the 107th staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Kilkenny won the championship, beating Galway 2–17 to 1–15 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.

Meath GAA
The Meath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste na Mí) or Meath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Meath, as well as for Meath county teams.
Wapama (steam schooner)
Wapama,  also known as Tongass, was a vessel last located in Richmond, California.  She was the last surviving example of some 225 wooden steam schooners that served the lumber trade and other coastal services along the Pacific Coast of the United States.  She was managed by the National Park Service at San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park until dismantled in August 2013.

Wapama was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1984; the designation was withdrawn in 2015.

Richmond, California
Richmond is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 3, 1905, and has a city council. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area's East Bay region, Richmond borders San Pablo, Albany, El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond, Hasford Heights, Kensington, El Sobrante, Bayview-Montalvin Manor, Tara Hills, and East Richmond Heights, and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay.

Richmond is one of two cities, the other being San Rafael, that sits on the shores of both San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. Its population was 116,448 as of the 2020 United States census making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond after Richmond, Virginia.
Hopelands
Hopelands is a historic country estate on Wampanoag Road in Warwick, Rhode Island.  It is now the campus of the Rocky Hill School, a private college preparatory school.  The historic centerpiece of the estate is a Colonial Revival mansion house, whose western ell is a wood-frame structure built in 1686.  This house and its associated 75-acre (30 ha) property became the center of one of Warwick's first country estates, when in 1793 a Federal-style house was built by Thomas P. Ives and Hope (Brown) Ives, to which the old building was attached.  This was given extensive Colonial Revival treatment in 1885 by Moses Goddard.  The estate was acquired by the Rocky Hill School in 1948.

The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Rocky Hill School
Rocky Hill Country Day School is an independent, coeducational, college preparatory day school located on 84 acres along the Potowomut River and Narragansett Bay in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. It educates in grades nursery through grade 12.
Colin Thurton
Colin Evandale Thurton (born April 28, 1943) is a former Belizean track and field athlete, born in Belize City. He competed in the Men's 220 yards at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, the Men's 200 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics, and the Men's 100 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres
The men's 200 metres event at the 1968 Summer Olympics was held in Mexico City, Mexico. The final was won by 0.23 seconds by Tommie Smith in a time of 19.83, a new world record. However, the race is perhaps best known for what happened during the medal ceremony – the Black Power salute of Smith and bronze medallist John Carlos. The background, consequences, and legacy of the salute carried forward into subsequent Olympics and is perhaps the single most memorable event from these Olympics.

The event started on 15 October and finished on 16 October. There were 50 athletes from 37 nations competing. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. Smith's win was the second consecutive and 12th overall for the United States. Peter Norman's medal was the second for Australia in the men's 200 metres, after Stan Rowley's bronze 68 years earlier.
Jerónimo Saavedra
Jerónimo Saavedra Acevedo (3 July 1936 – 21 November 2023) was a Canarian politician and academic. He served as President of the Canary Islands twice, from 1983 to 1987, and again from 1991 to 1993.

He became the first president of the Canary Islands after the establishment of the autonomous communities system under the 1978 Constitution and was in charge of structuring the regional administration and overseeing the democratic transition in the islands. Saavedra also served as Minister of Public Administrations of Spain between 1993 and 1995 and as Minister of Education and Science of Spain between 1995 and 1996. He was a member of the Congress of Deputies in the constituent legislature until 1983, a senator twice and mayor of his hometown Las Palmas de Gran Canaria between 2007 and 2011.

Saavedra was a significant figure in Spanish LGBT history, being the first openly gay politician to hold several high public offices.

Democratic transition
A democratic transition describes a phase in a country's political system as a result of an ongoing change from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one. The process is known as democratisation, political changes moving in a democratic direction. Democratization waves have been linked to sudden shifts in the distribution of power among the great powers, which created openings and incentives to introduce sweeping domestic reforms. Although transitional regimes experience more civil unrest, they may be considered stable in a transitional phase for decades at a time. Since the end of the Cold War transitional regimes have become the most common form of government. Scholarly analysis of the decorative nature of democratic institutions  concludes that the opposite  democratic backsliding (autocratization), a transition to authoritarianism is the most prevalent basis of modern hybrid regimes.
Madonna and Child with Ignudi
Madonna and Child with Ignudi is a tempera on panel painting by Luca Signorelli, created c. 1490, produced for the Medici Villa di Castello, where it was seen by Giorgio Vasari. It was probably a commission from Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, who also commissioned Primavera and Birth of Venus from Botticelli. It is now in the Uffizi in Florence. Its title refers to the ignudi in the background.

Villa di Castello
The Villa di Castello, near the hills bordering Florence, Tuscany, central Italy, was the country residence of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1519-1574).  The gardens, filled with fountains, statuary, and a grotto, became famous throughout Europe. The villa also housed some of the great art treasures of Florence, including Sandro Botticelli's Renaissance masterpieces The Birth of Venus and Primavera.  The gardens of the Villa had a profound  influence upon the design of the Italian Renaissance garden and the later French formal garden.
Live at the Montmartre Club: Jazz Exchange Vol. 2
Warne Marsh Quintet: Jazz Exchange Vol. 2, is a live album by saxophonists Warne Marsh and Lee Konitz  which was recorded at the Jazzhus Montmartre in late 1975 and released on the Dutch Storyville label.

Storyville Records
Storyville Records is an international record company and label based in Copenhagen, Denmark, specializing in jazz and blues music. Besides its original material, Storyville Records has reissued many vintage jazz recordings that previously appeared on labels such as Paramount Records, American Music Records, and Southland Records. Many Storyville records were pressed in Japan.
Committee for the Marshall Plan
The Committee for the Marshall Plan, also known as Citizens' Committee for the Marshall Plan to Aid European Recovery, was a short-term organization established to promote passage of the European Recovery Program known as the Marshall Plan – which "fronted for a State Department legally barred from engaging in propaganda."

The committee disbanded not long after April 3, 1948, when U.S. President Harry S. Truman signed the Marshall Plan into law, which granted $5 billion in aid to 16 European nations.

Robert P. Patterson
Robert Porter Patterson Sr. (February 12, 1891 – January 22, 1952) was an American judge who served as Under Secretary of War under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and U.S. Secretary of War under President Harry S. Truman. He was a US circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit after he had been a district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
Bimodule
In abstract algebra, a bimodule is an abelian group that is both a left and a right module, such that the left and right multiplications are compatible. Besides appearing naturally in many parts of mathematics, bimodules play a clarifying role, in the sense that many of the relationships between left and right modules become simpler when they are expressed in terms of bimodules.

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Sitana devakai
Sitana devakai (Devaka's fan-throated lizard) is an endemic species of agamid lizards recently found from Sri Lanka. The species was first found from Puttalama district.
The lizard is also known to found in Tamil Nadu of India, but not given valid identification. The species was named in honor of Dr. Devaka K. Weerakoon, who is a conservation biologist. He is a Professor of Zoology in University of Colombo.

Puttalam
Puttalam (Sinhala: පුත්තලම, romanized: Puttalama; Tamil: புத்தளம், romanized: Puttaḷam) is the largest town in Puttalam District, North Western Province, Sri Lanka. Puttalam is the administrative capital of the Puttalam District and governed by a municipal council.
Tira K'ark'a
Tira K'ark'a (Aymara tira cradle, k'ark'a crevice, fissure, crack, also spelled Tirakarka) is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 4,974 metres (16,319 ft) high. It lies in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Tira K'ark'a is situated at the lake Q'ara Quta south-west of the mountain Phaq'u Kiwuta.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.
Janapada (film)
Janapada is a 2007 Indian Kannada-language drama film written and directed by Baraguru Ramachandrappa. The film was produced by G. Panju Poojari under the banner Sri Bhagirathi Enterprises. It features Raghav and Radhika Kumaraswamy in the lead roles. The supporting cast includes Nandini, Radha Ramachandra and Vathsala Mohan. The score and soundtrack for the film is by Hamsalekha and the cinematography is by Nagaraj Advani.

Baraguru Ramachandrappa
Baraguru Ramachandrappa (born 18 October 1947) is an Indian essayist, lyricist, screenwriter, film director, socialist, writer, novelist, predominantly works in Kannada language and President of the Textbook Revision Committee, in Karnataka Text Books Society (KTBS) from May 2015. In 2008, he was given an honorary doctorate by the Kuvempu University and Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, Karnataka.

Ramachandrappa won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics in 2002 for "Baruthe Ve Nav Baruthe Ve" in the film Thaayi and was given the Pampa Award in 2011 by the Government of Karnataka for his contribution to Kannada literature. His directorial debut film, Ondu Oorina Kathe (1978), fetched him the State award for best story writer for the year 1978–79. Since then, he has been the recipient of several awards, both national and international. His novel Suntaragali won the Karnataka Sahitya Academy award.
American Sentinel College of Nursing and Health Sciences
American Sentinel College of Nursing and Health Sciences at Post University, formerly American Sentinel University, is a private for-profit online university focused on nursing education, with its headquarters located in Denver, Colorado. In March 2021, the university was acquired by Post University and subsequently rebranded as the American Sentinel College of Nursing and Health Sciences at Post University. Prior to the acquisition, American Sentinel University held programmatic accreditation from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) for its Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science (RN-to-BSN) and Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) programs, and from the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) for its Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program; these accreditations were maintained following the acquisition. The university was also nationally accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission.

Distance Education Accrediting Commission
The Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC; formerly the National Home Study Council and then the Distance Education and Training Council) is a private and non-profit national educational accreditation agency in the United States specializing in the accreditation of (51 percent or more of) distance education programs of study and institutions. The DEAC is recognized as a U.S. institutional accreditor by both the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.
Balthasar Coyett
Balthasar Coyett (c.1650 Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan) – 19 September 1725, Batavia, Dutch East Indies) was a Dutch-Swedish official in the Dutch East India Company, serving from 1701 to 1706 as the Governor of Ambon. He was the son of Frederick Coyett, the last Governor of Formosa, and Susanna Boudaens (The Hague 1622- Formosa 1656). Balthasar's son Frederik Julius Coyett (1680-1736) was also a colonial official.

Governor of Formosa
The governor of Formosa (Dutch: gouverneur van Formosa; Chinese: 台灣長官) was the head of government of Taiwan during the Dutch colonial period, which lasted from 1624 to 1662. Appointed by the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies in Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia), the governor of Formosa was empowered to legislate, collect taxes, wage war and declare peace on behalf of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and therefore by extension the Dutch state.

The governor's residence was in Fort Zeelandia on Tayouan.
Yeh Shin-cheng
Yeh Shin-cheng (Chinese: 葉欣誠; pinyin: Yè Xīnchéng; born 1965) is a Taiwanese environmental engineer. He served as Minister without Portfolio of the Executive Yuan from 2014 to 2016. He was Deputy Minister of the Environmental Protection Administration from 2012 to 2014.

Executive Yuan
The Executive Yuan (Chinese: 行政院; pinyin: Xíngzhèng Yuàn) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China, known commonly as Taiwan, which formerly ruled mainland China until 1949.

The Executive Yuan was founded in 1928. Under the amended constitution, the head of the Executive Yuan is the Premier who is positioned as the head of government and has the power to appoint members to serve in the cabinet, while the ROC President is the head of state under the semi-presidential system, who can appoint the Premier and nominate the members of the cabinet. The Premier may be removed by a vote of no-confidence by a majority of the Legislative Yuan, after which the President may either remove the Premier or dissolve the Legislative Yuan and initiate a new election for legislators.