hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Huber's equation
Huber's equation, first derived by a Polish engineer Tytus Maksymilian Huber, is a basic formula in elastic material tension calculations, an equivalent of the equation of state, but applying to solids. In most simple expression and commonly in use it looks like this:

where  is the tensile stress, and  is the shear stress, measured in newtons per square meter (N/m2, also called pascals, Pa), while —called a reduced tension—is the resultant tension of the material.

Finds application in calculating the span width of the bridges, their beam cross-sections, etc.

Shear stress
Shear stress (often denoted by τ, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section.  Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts.
Culpeo
The culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus), also known as Culpeo zorro, Andean zorro, Andean fox, Paramo wolf, Andean wolf, and colpeo fox, is a species of South American fox. Despite the name, it is not a true fox, but more closely related to wolves and jackals. Its appearance resembles that of foxes due to convergent evolution.

The culpeo's diet consists largely of rodents, rabbits, birds and lizards, and to a lesser extent, plant material and carrion. They may prey on Andean flamingos and baby vicuña. The culpeo sometimes attacks farm animals, among them sheep, goats and poultry; for this, it is hunted in rural Chile and Argentina. In some regions, it has become rare, but overall the species is not threatened with extinction.

The culpeo was domesticated by the Selkʼnam people of Tierra del Fuego, producing the Fuegian dog which became extinct in the late 19th or early 20th century.

Diet (nutrition)
In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.
The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos. This may be due to personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy.

Complete nutrition requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids from protein and essential fatty acids from fat-containing food, also food energy in the form of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in the quality of life, health and longevity.
Stenoptilia coprodactylus
Stenoptilia coprodactylus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Russia.

The wingspan is 21–24 mm.

The larvae feed on Gentiana verna, Gentiana acaulis and Gentiana lutea.

Gentiana lutea
Gentiana lutea, the great yellow gentian, is a species of gentian native to the mountains of central and southern Europe, including the Alps, the Carpathians (where scarce), the Pyrenees, the Apennines, and the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. It is the type species of the genus Gentiana.
1906 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1906 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

The men's championships were held at the Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York, and they took place November 9-10. Women's championships were not officially held until 1927.

At the championships, Martin Sheridan won three out of the five events he competed in on the first day of competition.

There was an indoor national championship athletics meet held at Madison Square Garden in 1888, and as a precursor to this meet selected events were contested as a national championship as part of other meetings in 1904. However, sports historians consider the 1906 edition to be the first "official" national indoor championships.

Martin Sheridan
Martin John Sheridan (March 28, 1881 – March 27, 1918) was an Irish-American athlete and three time Olympic Games gold medallist in discus throw.

Born in Bohola, County Mayo, Ireland, he was a participant of both the 1904 and the 1908 Olympic Games, and was part of a group of Irish-American athletes known as the "Irish Whales".

He died on 27 March 1918, at St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan, New York, the day before his 37th birthday, from the Spanish flu pandemic. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery, Queens, New York.
Zawaya
The Zawaya are tribes in the southern Sahara who have traditionally followed a deeply religious way of life. They accepted a subordinate position to the warrior tribes, whether Arab or Berber, who had little interest in spreading Islam.  The Zawaya introduced Sufi brotherhoods to the black populations south of the Sahara.  The jihad movements of the Fula people in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries have their origins with the Zawaya.  Today the Zawaya are one of the two noble castes of Mauritania.

Qadiri Order
The Qadiriyya (Arabic: القادرية) or the Qadiri order (Arabic: الطريقة القادرية, romanized: al-Ṭarīqa al-Qādiriyya) is a Sunni Sufi order (tariqa) founded by Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166, also transliterated Jilani), who was a Hanbali scholar from Gilan, Iran.

The order, with its many sub-orders, is widespread. Its members are present in India, Bangladesh, China, Turkey, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Balkans, Russia, Palestine, as well as East, West and North Africa.
Viva Cabaret
Viva Cabaret is a late night comedy variety television show that aired on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom from 14 April 1993 to 24 June 1994.

The series was filmed in a sound stage in West London, with the set designed to resemble a cabaret club. The programme's house band included drummer Ray Weston (of Wishbone Ash) and members of Pink Floyd's touring band.

The first episode, which debuted on 14 April 1993, was hosted by Tom Jones. Subsequent hosts included Julian Clary, Mark Lamarr, Mike McShane, Jools Holland, Mark Thomas, Eartha Kitt, Paul O'Grady as Lily Savage, and Lee Evans. Competition for slots on the show was intense, with many stars of the British alternative comedy circuit hoping to make an appearance. In addition to the show's British stars, regular international guests included Americans Greg Proops and Sandra Bernhard, and Australia's Doug Anthony All Stars.

Jools Holland
Julian Miles Holland OBE DL (born 24 January 1958) is an English pianist, bandleader, singer, composer and television presenter. He was an original member of the rock band Squeeze. From 1982 until 1987, he co-presented the Channel 4 music programme The Tube. Since 1992, he has hosted Later... with Jools Holland, a music show aired on BBC2, on which his annual show Hootenanny is based. Holland is a published author and appears on television shows besides his own. He regularly hosted the programme Jools Holland on BBC Radio 2.

In 2004, Holland collaborated with the Welsh singer Tom Jones on an album of traditional R&B music. He achieved his first UK number one album in 2024 with Swing Fever, a collaboration with Rod Stewart. He has worked with many other artists including Marc Almond, Jayne County, José Feliciano, Sting, Eric Clapton, Mark Knopfler, George Harrison, David Gilmour, Ringo Starr, Dr. John, Bono, The The, Ruby Turner, and Amy Winehouse.
Hammad Shahid
Hammad Shahid (born December 7, 1991) is an American cricketer who made his debut for the United States national cricket team in November 2012. A right-arm fast bowler who bats right-handed, he earlier appeared for the national under-19 side at the 2010 Under-19 World Cup.

United States national under-19 cricket team
The United States national under-19 cricket team represents the United States in international under-19 cricket. The team is coached by Vincent Vinay Kumar and is captained by Utkarsh Srivastava.

The team was coached by Thiru Kumaran, a former Indian Test player, during the 2015 ICC Americas Under-19 Championship. and was coached by former U.S. player Kevin Darlington in 2020.
Erich Consemüller
Erich Consemüller (10 October 1902 — 11 April 1957) was a German photographer and architect who studied and taught at Bauhaus art school. He worked alongside the photographer Lucia Moholy documenting life at the Bauhaus.

Lucia Moholy
Lucia Moholy (née Schulz; 18 January 1894 — 17 May 1989) was a photographer and publications editor. Her photos documented the architecture and products of the Bauhaus, and introduced their ideas to a post-World War II audience. However, Moholy was seldom credited for her work, which was often attributed to her husband László Moholy-Nagy or to Walter Gropius.
Waimania Teddy
Waimania Teddy (born 13 February 1979) is a former female rugby union player. She played for New Zealand and Auckland. She was in the Black Ferns squad that won the 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup.

In 2000, Teddy was part of the Auckland Storm team that defeated the Lady Waratahs 35–5 in a Super 12 curtain raiser at Eden Park. She played in the Black Ferns 33-8 win over England at Eden Park in 2005.

Teddy was also named in the Black Ferns side that faced the Wallaroos in the second of two tests in 2009.

Australia women's national rugby union team
The Australia women's national rugby union team, commonly called the Wallaroos, represent Australia in women's rugby union. They compete annually in the Pacific Four Series, the Laurie O'Reilly Cup against New Zealand, and have competed at Women's Rugby World Cups since 1998.

Australian women have been playing rugby since the late 1930s, in regional areas of New South Wales. In 1992 the first National Women's Tournament was held in Newcastle, NSW. The following year the Australian Women's Rugby Union was established, and it was declared that the national women's team would be called the Wallaroos. It was chosen because it was the name of one of Australia's oldest clubs, the Wallaroo Football Club, which was formed in 1870.
Kim Amb
Kim Amb (born 31 July 1990) is a Swedish track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw. His personal best is 86.49 m, set in 2020. He finished in seventh place at the 2012 European Championships and 18th in the 2012 Summer Olympics.  In 2016, he finished in 17th at the Olympic Games, and in 7th at the European Championships. In 2019, he finished in 8th at the World Championships.

2012 European Athletics Championships
The 2012 European Athletics Championships were held in Helsinki, Finland between 27 June and 1 July 2012. This edition marks the beginning of a new two-year cycle of the European Athletics Championships which were previously held every four years.

The decision to grant the games for Helsinki was made by the European Athletics Congress on 9 November 2009. Another city that showed interest in hosting the event was Nuremberg, Germany, however Helsinki was in pole position during the whole process. This was the third time that the city had hosted the event, 1971 and 1994 being the other occasions.

Due to 2012 being an Olympic year, there were no racewalking and marathon competitions.
Arnold Arluke
Arnold Arluke is professor emeritus of sociology and anthropology at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts and senior fellow at the Tufts Center for animals and public policy. Arluke earned a Ph.D. in sociology from New York University and was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard School of Public Health. He has served as a visiting scholar at Cornell Medical College, the department of psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Yale Law School, and the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). Currently, he resides in St. Petersburg, Florida where he is a consultant to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) and a portrait photographer.

Portrait photography
Portrait photography, or portraiture, is a type of photography aimed toward capturing the personality of a person or group of people by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses. A portrait photograph may be artistic or clinical. Frequently, portraits are commissioned for special occasions, such as weddings, school events, or commercial purposes. Portraits can serve many purposes, ranging from usage on a personal web site to display in the lobby of a business.
Rollulinae
Rollulinae is a bird subfamily containing the jungle and wood partridges. They are sister to all other members of the family Phasianidae, having diverged during the late Eocene or early Oligocene, about 30-35 million years ago. Many taxonomists formerly placed this subfamily within the Perdicinae, but more recent studies have affirmed its existence, and it is accepted by taxonomic authorities such as the International Ornithological Congress.

Members of this family are mostly found in east and southeast Asia, but a single genus, which is sister to all other genera in the family, contains two species endemic to two mountain ranges in Tanzania.

International Ornithologists' Union
The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) is an international organization for the promotion of ornithology. It links basic and applied research and nurtures education and outreach activities. Specifically, the IOU organizes and funds global congresses on ornithology at regular intervals, sets up and supports commissions and committees on various aspects of avian biology and conservation, and initiates and backs other international ornithological activities with specific aims consistent with its own mission and goal. It discloses the names and professional affiliations of its members on its website to encourage international collaboration and networking. The IOU acts as the Ornithology Section of the IUBS.
Louis Prosper Cantener
Louis Prosper Cantener (1803 – 30 March 1847 in Hyères) was a French entomologist who specialized in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.

He wrote Catalogue des Lépidoptères du département du Var. Rev. Ent. 1 (1) : 69-94 (1833) and  Histoire naturelle des Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres, ou Papillons, Diurnes, des departements des haut et Bas-Rhin, de la Moselle, de la Meurthe, et des Vosges. L. P. Cantener. Roret et Levrault. Paris. (1834-)
Louis Cantener was a Member of the Société entomologique de France.

Société entomologique de France
The Société entomologique de France (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete ɑ̃tɔmɔlɔʒik də fʁɑ̃s]), or French Entomological Society, is devoted to the study of insects. The society was founded in 1832 in Paris, France.

The society was created by eighteen Parisian entomologists on 31 January 1832. The first (honorary) president was Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833) who was elected unanimously and established the goal of the society to contribute to and progress the development of entomology in all its aspects. The main publications of the society are Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, Annales de la Société entomologique de France and, for a few years, L'Entomologiste, Revue d'Amateurs. The library contains 15,000 volumes and 1,500 titles of old or current literature.
Treasure Houses of England
The Treasure Houses of England group is a heritage consortium. It was founded in the early 1970s by nine of the foremost stately homes in England still in private ownership, with the aim of marketing and promoting themselves as tourist venues.

Castle Howard
Castle Howard is an English country house in Henderskelfe, North Yorkshire, 15 miles (24 km) north of York. A private residence, it has been the home of the Carlisle branch of the Howard family for more than 300 years. Castle Howard has been used as a filming location in several films and television shows, including in Granada Television's 1981 television adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited and in a 2008 film adaptation.
Ken Randall
Kenneth Fenwick "The Pepper Kid" Randall (December 14, 1887 – June 14, 1947) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played for 20 seasons, including ten seasons in the National Hockey League from 1917 to 1927 for the Toronto Arenas, Toronto St. Patricks, Hamilton Tigers and New York Americans. He was a two-time Stanley Cup Champion.

Toronto Arenas
The Toronto Arenas or Torontos were a professional men's ice hockey team that played in the first two seasons of the National Hockey League (NHL). It was operated by the owner of the Arena Gardens, the Toronto Arena Company. As the ownership of the National Hockey Association (NHA) Toronto Blueshirts franchise was in dispute, the new NHL league was started, and a temporary Toronto franchise was operated. The NHL itself was intended to only be a one-year entity until the NHA could be reactivated, although it never was.

For the first season, 1917–18, the team operated without a formal organization separate from the Arena Company and without an official club nickname.  However, the press would dub the team the "Blue Shirts" or "Torontos" as they had done with the NHA franchise.  After the 1918–19 season, the Arena Company was granted a permanent franchise in the NHL, which evolved into today's Toronto Maple Leafs.
Drumfrochar railway station
Drumfrochar railway station is a railway station located in a residential district in the south-western part of Greenock, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Inverclyde Line, 23 miles (37 km) west of Glasgow Central.

Upon exiting the station to the west, one is confronted with panoramic views over the south-west of the town, including Greenock prison.

Opened on 24 May 1998, it is the newest station on the line.

The station is on the site of the Greenock rail crash in 1994.

Inverclyde Line
The Inverclyde Line is a railway line running from Glasgow Central station through Paisley (Gilmour Street) and a series of stations to the south of the River Clyde and the Firth of Clyde, terminating at Gourock and Wemyss Bay, where it connects to Caledonian MacBrayne ferry services. The line has been in operation since the 1840s between Glasgow and Greenock and was the first passenger service to follow the River Clyde to the coast. The line was electrified in 1967.
Dan Chisena
Dan Chisena (born February 25, 1997) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Moses Mould House
The Moses Mould House is a Registered Historic Place located at the junction of NY 17K and Kaistertown Road in the Town of Montgomery, in Orange County, New York. It is just up Kaisertown from another site on the National Register, the Jacob Shafer House. Mould was the first of a large family of German settlers in the town to bear the name. The house was built in a Greek Revival style.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Orange County, New York
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 401,310. The county seat is Goshen. This county was first created in 1683 and reorganized with its present boundaries in 1798. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Orange County is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan statistical area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census the center of population of the state of New York was located in Orange County, in the hamlet of Cuddebackville.
Karu language
Karu, one of several languages called Baniwa (Baniva), or in older sources Itayaine (Iyaine), is an Arawakan language spoken in Guainía, Colombia, Venezuela, and Amazonas, Brazil. It forms a subgroup with the Tariana, Piapoco, Resígaro and Guarequena languages. There are 10,000 speakers.

Guainía Department
Guainía (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwajˈni.a]; Yuri language: "Land of many waters") is a department of Eastern Colombia. It is in the east of the country, bordering Venezuela and Brazil. Its capital is Inírida. In 1963 Guainía was split off from Vaupés department. The northern part and the Inírida River are included in the Orinoco basin; the rest is part of the Amazon basin. The Guaviare River is the main area of colonization; many colonos come from the Colombian Andean zone, most of them from Boyacá. They are followed by the llaneros, people from the Eastern plains (Llanos). The population is mainly composed of Amerindians, and the largest ethnic groups are the Puinaves (from the makú-puinave family) and the Curripacos (from the Arawak family). There are a total of 24 ethnic groups in the department; many of them speak four Indigenous languages besides Spanish and Portuguese.
Heems
Himanshu Kumar Suri (born July 6, 1985), better known by his stage name Heems, is an American rapper. Suri came to prominence as a member of the alternative hip hop group Das Racist, with whom he released two mixtapes and one album. Suri has also founded independent record labels Greedhead Music and Veena Sounds, and has released three solo albums and two mixtapes. With English musicians Riz MC and Redinho, Suri formed the group Swet Shop Boys in 2014.

Redinho
Tom Calvert, better known by his stage name Redinho, is an English musician, DJ, and producer from London. Calvert produced Swet Shop Boys' debut album Cashmere and Sufi LA, and performed with them on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert in New York, and directed their live performance on BBC Radio 1. Calvert was also the member of Hudson Mohawke's live band on the Lantern album campaign, and produced Riz Ahmed's 2020 album The Long Goodbye.
János Bozsóki
János Bozsóki (Serbian: Јанош Божоки, Janoš Božoki; born 12 July 1942) is a Serbian former politician from the country's Hungarian community. He was a member of the Vojvodina provincial assembly from 1992 to 2000 and has held high municipal office in Ada. At different times in his political career, he was a member of the Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians (VMDK), the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (VMSZ), and the Vojvodina Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement (VMKDM).

Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians
The Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (Hungarian: Vajdasági Magyar Szövetség, abbr. VMSZ; Serbian: Савез војвођанских Мађара, Savez vojvođanskih Mađara, abbr. SVM) is a regionalist political party in Serbia, representing the Hungarian ethnic minority.