hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (Washington, D.C.)
The Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Washington, D.C., is a cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. It was originally founded as a parish church by Archbishop John Maximovich. For the first nine years, the congregation met for Divine Liturgy every Sunday in the Resurrection Chapel of the National Cathedral.

John of Shanghai and San Francisco
Saint John of Shanghai and San Francisco (Russian: Иоанн Шанхайский и Сан Францисский, romanized: Ioann Shankhayskiyi i San Frantsiskyi; born Mikhail Borisovich Maximovitch, Russian: Михаил Борисович Максимович; June 4, 1896 – July 2, 1966) was a prelate of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia who is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

He is also referred to as St. John the Wonderworker and St. John Maximovitch.
Container compression test
The container compression test measures the compressive strength of packages such as boxes, drums, and cans. It usually provides a plot of  deformation vs compressive force.

It is commonly used to evaluate shipping containers made of corrugated fiberboard as well as wooden boxes and crates. Industrial and consumer packages other than boxes can also be subjected to compression testing: drum, pail, bottle, tub etc. Package components are also evaluated for compression resistance.

It is usually a laboratory test involving a special machine, a compression tester, to apply controlled compression on a test specimen. A universal testing machine is sometimes configured to perform a package compression test.   Compression testing can also involve a superimposed dead load to a test package.

ASTM International
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally. The headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials.

In addition to its traditional standards work, ASTM operates several global initiatives advancing additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, and emerging technologies, including the Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (AM CoE), the acquisition of Wohlers Associates for market intelligence and advisory services, and the NIST-funded Standardization Center of Excellence (SCOE).
Subdivisions of Indonesia
Indonesia is divided into provinces (provinsi). Provinces are made up of regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota). Regencies and cities then divided into districts (kecamatan), which made up of villages (desa) and urban villages (kelurahan). Provinces, regencies, and cities have their own local governments and parliamentary bodies (DPRD).

Since the enactment of Law Number 22 of 1999 on Local Government (the law was revised by Law Number 32 of 2004, Law Number 23 of 2014, and the 2023 Omnibus Law on Job Creation), local governments now play a greater role in administering their areas. Foreign policy, defence (including armed forces and national police), system of law, and monetary policy, however, remain the domain of the national government. Since 2005 as the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2004, heads of local government (governors, regents and mayors) have been directly elected by popular election for a five-year term and can be re-elected for one more term.

2023 Omnibus Law on Job Creation
The 2023 Omnibus Law on Job Creation, officially the Act No. 6 of 2023 On the Enaction of Government Regulation in Lieu of Act No. 2 of 2022 On Job Creation into Act (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang) is an Indonesian act which made the Government Regulation in Lieu of Act (Perpu) No. 2 of 2022 On Job Creation, a replacement of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation, permanent (the entirety of the Perpu is set as a schedule to the Act). The law was passed by the People's Representative Council on 21 March 2023. The law commenced on 31 March 2023.
Radnorshire Challenge Cup
The Radnorshire Challenge Cup  is a football knockout tournament competed for by clubs either based within the Mid-Wales county boundary of Radnorshire or have a team in membership of the Mid Wales South League.

Newtown A.F.C.
Newtown Association Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed y Drenewydd) is a Welsh football club based in Newtown, Powys, which plays in the Cymru North

The club plays at Latham Park, Newtown, which accommodates 5,000 spectators.
Glaucoma surgery
Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP). There are many glaucoma surgeries, and variations or combinations of those surgeries, that facilitate the escape of excess aqueous humor from the eye to lower intraocular pressure, and a few that lower IOP by decreasing the production of aqueous humor.

Intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Local binary patterns
Local binary patterns (LBP) is a type of visual descriptor used for classification in computer vision. LBP is the particular case of the Texture Spectrum model proposed in 1990. LBP was first described in 1994. It has since been found to be a powerful feature for texture classification; it has further been determined that when LBP is combined with the Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptor, it improves the detection performance considerably on some datasets. A comparison of several improvements of the original LBP in the field of background subtraction was made in 2015 by Silva et al. A full survey of the different versions of LBP can be found in Bouwmans et al.

Visual descriptor
In computer vision, visual descriptors or image descriptors are descriptions of the visual features of the contents in images, videos, or algorithms or applications that produce such descriptions. They describe elementary characteristics such as the shape, the color, the texture or the motion, among others.
Menashe Regional Council
The Menashe Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מנשה, Mo'atza Azorit Menasheh) is a regional council near the city of Hadera, on Israel's north-central coastal plain in the southern Haifa District. It is named after the tribe of Menashe which had been allotted this region (and a much larger territory around) according to the Book of Joshua (17:1-10).

Hadera
Hadera (Hebrew: חדרה, pronounced [χadeˈʁa]) is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel, in the northern Sharon region, approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The city is located along 7 km (5 mi) of the Israeli coastal plain. The city's population includes a notable community of post-Soviet and Ethiopian aliyah arrivals. In 2023 it had a population of 106,765.

Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, from Lithuania and Latvia. By 1948, it was a regional center with a population of 11,800. In 1952, Hadera was declared a city, with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams.
Main Line (Seaboard Air Line Railroad)
The Seaboard Air Line Railroad’s Main Line was the backbone of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad's network in the southeastern United States.  The main line ran from Richmond, Virginia to Tampa, Florida, a distance of over 800 miles.  While some segments of the line have been abandoned as of 2025, most of the line is still in service and is owned by the Seaboard Air Line's successor, CSX Transportation as their S Line.

Neighborhoods of Jacksonville
There are more than 500 neighborhoods within the area of Jacksonville, Florida, the largest city in the contiguous United States by area. These include Downtown Jacksonville and surrounding neighborhoods. Additionally, greater Jacksonville is traditionally divided into several major sections with amorphous boundaries: Northside, Westside, Southside, and Arlington, as well as the Jacksonville Beaches.

There are four municipalities within Duval County that are outside of Jacksonville's city limits: Baldwin, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Jacksonville Beach. The latter three communities, all located on a coastal barrier island, form part of the area known as the Jacksonville Beaches, together with Mayport within the Jacksonville city limits and Ponte Vedra Beach in St. Johns County.
Yuen Foong Khong
Yuen Foong Khong (Chinese: 鄺雲峰; born 1956) is the Singaporean Li Ka Shing Professor of Political Science at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. He was previously Professor of International Relations at Nuffield College, University of Oxford. Prior to that, he was Associate Professor of Government at Harvard University. A cited expert whose highest cited paper is Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam Decisions of 1965 at 894 times, according to GoogleScholar. Khong's research interests are in United States foreign policy, international relations theory, the international politics of the Asia Pacific region, and cognitive approaches to international relations.

He received his PhD (Political Science/International Relations) from Harvard University in 1987.

Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy
The Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (LKY School) is an autonomous postgraduate school of the National University of Singapore (NUS), named after the late former prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew.
Alexandr Vladimirovich Gussev
Alexandr Vladimirovich Gussev (Александр Владимирович Гусев, 5 July 1917 – 31 December 1999), sometimes spelled Gusev in the literature, was a Russian helminthologist specialist of monogeneans.

Gussev was a student of the soviet parasitologist V. A. Dogiel. He worked at the Zoological Institute in Leningrad, then Saint Petersburg, Russia. He received his PhD in 1953 and his DrSc in 1973. Gussev wrote more than 220 publications, dealing with systematics, faunistics, morphology, development, biology and zoogeography of fish parasites.

Gussev is mainly known for his work on the Monogenea, a group of Platyhelminthes parasitic on freshwater and marine fish. He was one of the world leader in this field and described more than 200 new species of monogeneans. He also authored a handbook on methods of collecting monogeneans.

Fish diseases and parasites
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.

Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis  in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi.

Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
Air Service Plus
Air Service Plus was a low cost airline based in Pescara, Abruzzo, Italy. It operated services to destinations in Europe. Flights are currently operated by Axis Airways, a French airline. Its main base is Abruzzo International Airport, Pescara.

New Axis Airways
New Axis Airways, known until 2006 as Axis Airways, was an airline based in Marseille, France. It operated domestic and international charter flights and cargo services on behalf of European clients. Its main bases were Marseille Provence Airport and Paris-Charles de Gaulle.
Abdus Salam Murshedy
Abdus Salam Murshedy (born 6 October 1963) is a Bangladeshi politician, entrepreneur and former national team football player. He is a member of Bangladesh Awami League and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Khulna-4 constituency during 2018–2024. He is a director of Envoy Group, former senior vice president of Bangladesh Football Federation former President of Exporters Association of Bangladesh and former president of Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA). He has been elected as a  Commercially Important Person (CIP) by the government of Bangladesh in 2014.

Commercially important person
A commercially important person (CIP) refers to a high-value commercial clients. The term is typically used in the context of airport business lounges, especially in Asian countries, but also more generally amongst travel agencies. In Bangladesh, the term has a much more specific usage and is a national-level honour.
Kamal Karunanayake
Professor Kamal Karunanayake (29 May 1937 - 18 November 2006) was a former MP, who represented the People's Alliance as a National List member from 1989 to 1994.

After Karunanayake was educated at Nalanda College Colombo and obtained a BA (Hons) degree in Economics from the Peradeniya University in 1962. He received a doctorate from the Birmingham University in England in 1969. In 2002 he retired as the Professor of Economics and the Director of the Centre for Development Studies at the University of Kelaniya.

Since November 2006, he served as the Senior Presidential Advisor in Economics contributing to the formulation of the Mahinda Chintana policy.

Nalanda College, Colombo
Nalanda College (Sinhala: නාලන්දා විද්‍යාලය) is a Buddhist school in Sri Lanka that provides primary and secondary education for boys. The school was founded by Patrick de Silva Kularatne as an offshoot of Ananda College, Colombo, and was officially registered as a separate institution on 1 November 1925.
Imlek a.d.
Imlek a.d. (full legal name: Akcionarsko društvo Industrija mleka i mlečnih proizvoda Imlek Padinska Skela; stylized as imlek) is a Serbian food company based in Belgrade, Serbia. It is specialized in processing milk and produces dairy products.

The company was established in 1953 and owns six production facilities in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia.

It also owns a brand of juices named Bifruit selling in North Macedonia.

Padinska Skela
Padinska Skela (Serbian Cyrillic: Падинска Скела), or colloquially Padinjak (Падињак), is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in the Belgrade's municipality of Palilula.
Arthur Cunha Lima
Arthur Paredes Cunha Lima (19 December 1949 – 9 June 2025) was a Brazilian politician. A member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party and the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, he served in the Legislative Assembly of Paraíba from 1999 to 2010.

Lima died from multiple organ failure in João Pessoa, on 9 June 2025, at the age of 75.

João Pessoa, Paraíba
João Pessoa (/ˈʒwaʊn pəˈsoʊə/ ZHWOWN pə-SOH-ə; Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w peˈsoɐ]) is a port city in northeastern Brazil. It is the largest city and capital of the state of Paraíba, with an estimated population of 888,679 (as of 2024). It is located on the right bank of the Paraíba do Norte river.

The new "Estação Ciência, Cultura e Artes" (Science, Culture and Art Station), located at the most eastern point of the Americas (Ponta do Seixas), is an educational and cultural institution as well as a national landmark. The complex, inaugurated in 2008, was created by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and is one of his final projects.

The capital of Paraíba received the title of Creative City by UNESCO in 2017, appointing João Pessoa as "Brazilian city of handicrafts".
Digital Morse theory
In mathematics, digital Morse theory is a digital adaptation of continuum Morse theory for scalar volume data. The term was first promulgated by DB Karron based on the work of JL Cox and DB Karron.

The main utility of a digital Morse theory is that it serves to provide a theoretical basis for isosurfaces (a kind of embedded manifold submanifold) and perpendicular streamlines in a digital context. The intended main application of DMT is in the rapid semiautomatic segmentation objects such as organs and anatomic structures from stacks of medical images such as produced by three-dimensional computed tomography by CT or MRI technology.

Submanifold
In mathematics, a submanifold of a manifold  is a subset  which itself has the structure of a manifold, and for which the inclusion map  satisfies certain properties. There are different types of submanifolds depending on exactly which properties are required. Different authors often have different definitions.
Eltrombopag
Eltrombopag, sold under the brand name Promacta among others, is a medication used to treat thrombocytopenia (abnormally low platelet counts) and severe aplastic anemia. Eltrombopag is sold under the brand name Revolade outside the US and is marketed by Novartis. It is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist. It is taken by mouth.

Eltrombopag was discovered as a result of research collaboration between GlaxoSmithKline and Ligand Pharmaceuticals and is transferred to Novartis Pharmaceuticals.

Eltrombopag was approved for medical use in the US in November 2008, and authorized in the European Union in March 2010.

Thrombocytopenia
In hematology, thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets (also known as thrombocytes) in the blood. Low levels of platelets in turn may lead to prolonged or excessive bleeding.  It is the most common coagulation disorder among intensive care patients and is seen in a fifth of medical patients and a third of surgical patients.

A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/microliter (μL) of blood. Values outside this range do not necessarily indicate disease. One common definition of thrombocytopenia requiring emergency treatment is a platelet count below 50,000/μL. Thrombocytopenia can be contrasted with the conditions associated with an abnormally high level of platelets in the blood – thrombocythemia (when the cause is unknown), and thrombocytosis (when the cause is known).
Exists (film)
Exists is a 2014 American found footage monster horror film, directed by Eduardo Sánchez. The film had its world premiere on March 7, 2014, at South by Southwest, and stars Chris Osborn and Samuel Davis. The story revolves around a group of friends hunted by something in the woods of East Texas. Following the darker psychological tone of Sánchez's previous film Lovely Molly, the film returns to the creature-feature horror of Altered, also written by Jamie Nash.

Eduardo Sánchez (director)
Eduardo Miguel Sánchez-Quirós (born December 20, 1968) is a Cuban-born American director, known for his work in the horror genre. His most famous credit is for co-directing and writing the 1999 psychological horror film The Blair Witch Project with Daniel Myrick.
Measured depth
In the oil industry measured depth (commonly referred to as MD, or just the depth) is the length of the drilled borehole. In conventional vertical wells, this coincides with the true vertical depth, but in directional or horizontal wells, especially those using extended reach drilling, the two can deviate greatly. For example, at the time of writing (2012) a borehole in Odoptu field, Sakhalin-I, has the greatest measured depth of any borehole at 12,345 m, but most of this is horizontal, giving it a true vertical depth of only 1,784 m. For comparison, the Kola Superdeep Borehole has a slightly shorter measured depth at 12,262 m, but since this is a vertical borehole, this is also equal to the true vertical depth, making the Kola Superdeep Borehole deeper by a factor of 6.9.

Borehole
A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water (drilled water well and tube well), other liquids (such as petroleum), or gases (such as natural gas). It may also be part of a geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities, for geothermal installations, or for underground storage of unwanted substances, e.g. in carbon capture and storage.
Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon
European Union (EU) concepts, acronyms, and jargon are a terminology set that has developed as a form of shorthand, to quickly express a (formal) EU process, an (informal) institutional working practice, or an EU body, function or decision, and which is commonly understood among EU officials or external people who regularly deal with EU institutions.

European Ombudsman
The European Ombudsman is an inter-institutional body of the European Union tasked with investigating complaints made by people, businesses and organisations concerning potential maladministration within EU bodies and institutions.

The current Ombudsman is Teresa Anjinho. The European Ombudsman has offices in Strasbourg and Brussels.
FreeHAL
FreeHAL was a volunteer computing project to build a self-learning chatbot. This project is no longer active.

Originally, the program was called JEliza referring to the chatbot ELIZA by Joseph Weizenbaum. The J stood for Java because JEliza has first been programmed in Java. In May 2008, the program has been renamed to FreeHAL because the programming language has changed. The name is related to the computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

FreeHAL uses a semantic network and technologies like pattern recognition, stemming, part of speech databases and Hidden Markov Models in order to imitate a human behaviour. FreeHAL learns autonomously. While communicating by keyboard, the program extends its database.  Currently, English and German are supported.

By using the BOINC platform, new semantic networks for the program are built. FreeHAL@home appears to have terminated operations.

Volunteer computing
Volunteer computing is a type of distributed computing in which people donate their computers' unused resources to a research-oriented project, sometimes in exchange for credit points. The fundamental idea behind it is that a modern desktop computer is sufficiently powerful to perform billions of operations a second, but for most users only between 10–15% of its capacity is used. Common tasks such as word processing or web browsing leave the computer mostly idle.

The practice of volunteer computing, which dates back to the mid-1990s, can potentially make substantial processing power available to researchers at minimal cost. Typically, a program running on a volunteer's computer periodically contacts a research application to request jobs and report results. A middleware system usually serves as an intermediary.