hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dutch intervention in Bali (1849)
The Dutch intervention in Bali in 1849 was a major Dutch military intervention in Northern and Southern Bali, following two failed interventions, the 1846 intervention and the 1848 intervention. The Dutch used as a pretext Balinese salvage claims over shipwrecks, which were customary to the Balinese, but unacceptable under International law.

Shipwreck
A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of shipwrecking, which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately three million shipwrecks worldwide as of January 1999, according to Angela Croome, a science writer and author who specialized in the history of underwater archaeology  (an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations).
When a ship's crew has died or abandoned the ship, and the ship has remained adrift but unsunk, they are instead referred to as ghost ships.
Sponge isolates
Lacking an immune system, protective shell, or mobility, sponges have developed an ability to synthesize a variety of unusual compounds for survival.  C-nucleosides isolated from Caribbean Cryptotethya crypta, were the basis for the synthesis of zidovudine (AZT), aciclovir (Cyclovir), cytarabine (Depocyt), and cytarabine derivative gemcitabine (Gemzar).

Semisynthetic analogs of the sponge isolate jasplakinolide, were submitted to National Cancer Institute’s Biological Evaluation Committee in 2011.

Cytarabine
Cytarabine, also known as cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), is a chemotherapy medication used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is given by injection into a vein, under the skin, or into the cerebrospinal fluid. There is a liposomal formulation for which there is tentative evidence of better outcomes in lymphoma involving the meninges.

Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, vomiting, diarrhea, liver problems, rash, ulcer formation in the mouth, and bleeding. Other serious side effects include loss of consciousness, lung disease, and allergic reactions. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Cytarabine is in the antimetabolite and nucleoside analog families of medication. It works by blocking the function of DNA polymerase.

Cytarabine was patented in 1960 and approved for medical use in 1969. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Daudsu Jamaludin
Mohd Daudsu Bin Jamaludin (born 18 March 1985) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a right back.

Daudsu made his debut with the Malaysia national team in the 2010 World Cup qualifying Asian zone against Bahrain on 21 October 2007 at Bahrain National Stadium, Manama. In August 2007, Daudsu was one of the pillars in Malaysia Under-23 team that won the 2007 Merdeka Tournament.

Bahrain national football team
The Bahrain national football team (Arabic: منتخب الْبَحرَيْن لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Bahrain in international football and is controlled by the Bahrain Football Association, which was founded in 1951. The country is affiliated with FIFA since 1968 and has been a member of the AFC since 1957. They have never reached the FIFA World Cup.

Bahrain won the FIFA's most improved team award in 2004, and finished fourth at the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, beating Uzbekistan in the quarter-finals but losing to Japan in the semi-finals 4–3. Bahrain then lost to Iran in the third-place match, thus finishing in fourth place overall. Bahrain had a golden year in 2019, winning both the WAFF Championship and the Arabian Gulf Cup for the first time, under the stewardship of Hélio Sousa. On 4 January 2025, Bahrain won the 26th Arabian Gulf Cup, defeating Oman 2–1.
North End railway station
North End railway station  was a short-lived timber-framed station opened in 1871 by the East and West Junction Railway on its route from Stratford-upon-Avon to Fenny Compton.

It was not well patronised and closed within two years. A further attempt to operate it the following year lasted until 1877. There are no known existing photographs of the station due to its short working life and unremarkable appearance.

Stratford-upon-Avon railway station
Stratford-upon-Avon railway station is the southern terminus of the North Warwickshire Line and Leamington–Stratford line, serving the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England. The station is operated and served by West Midlands Trains (WMT), with Chiltern Railways also running some services.

Prior to August 1976, the station offered direct links to the south of the region via the Cotswold Line; however, the derailment of a freight train prompted British Rail to withdraw the link.
Northampton Parish, New Brunswick
Northampton is a geographic parish in Carleton County, New Brunswick, Canada, sitting across the Saint John River from Woodstock.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, for governance purposes it comprised two local service districts, both of which were members of the Western Valley Regional Service Commission (WVRSC).

The Census subdivision of Northampton Parish shares the geographic parish's borders.

Carleton County, New Brunswick
Carleton County (2021 population 26,360) is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada.

The western border is Aroostook County, Maine, the northern border is Victoria County, and the southeastern border is York County from which it was formed in 1831. The Saint John River bisects the western section of the county. The Southwest Miramichi River flows through the eastern section of the county. Potato farming is a major industry. The scenic town of Hartland is home to the longest covered bridge in the world.
Estuarine water circulation
Estuarine water circulation is controlled by the inflow of rivers, the tides, rainfall and evaporation, the wind, and other oceanic events such as an upwelling, an eddy, and storms.  Estuarine water circulation patterns are influenced by vertical mixing and stratification, and can affect residence time and exposure time.

Stratification (water)
Stratification in water is the formation in a body of water of relatively distinct and stable layers by density. It occurs in all water bodies where there is stable density variation with depth. Stratification is a barrier to the vertical mixing of water, which affects the exchange of heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients. Wind-driven upwelling and downwelling of open water can induce mixing of different layers through the stratification, and force the rise of denser cold, nutrient-rich, or saline water and the sinking of lighter warm or fresher water, respectively. Layers are based on water density: denser water remains below less dense water in stable stratification in the absence of forced mixing.

Stratification occurs in several kinds of water bodies, such as oceans, lakes, estuaries, flooded caves, aquifers and some rivers.
Ecce Homo (exhibition)
Ecce Homo was a controversial exhibition of 12 photographs of different biblical situations, in modern surroundings, taken by the Swedish photographer Elisabeth Ohlson Wallin. The first vernissage of the exhibition was in Stockholm, July 1998 and attracted much attention. When the exhibition was shown in the cathedral of Uppsala in September it caused a national debate. The reactions was often very emotional, and both positive and negative. The photos portrayed Jesus among homosexuals, transgender people, leatherpeople, and people with AIDS. The exhibition toured Scandinavia and continental Europe between 1998 and 2004. An Ecce Homo exhibition opened in October 2012 in the Belgrade Pride festival in Belgrade, Serbia, and was guarded by a number of riot police, due to rioting in the ensuing controversy.

Leather subculture
Leather subculture denotes practices and styles of dress organized around sexual activities that involve leather garments, such as leather jackets, vests, boots, chaps, harnesses, or other items. Wearing leather garments is one way that participants in this culture self-consciously distinguish themselves from mainstream sexual cultures. Many participants associate leather culture with BDSM practices and its many subcultures. For some, black leather clothing is an erotic fashion that expresses heightened masculinity or the appropriation of sexual power; love of motorcycles, motorcycle clubs and independence; and/or engagement in sexual kink or leather fetishism.
Aulus Atilius Serranus
Aulus Atilius Serranus was a consul in the year 170 BC, together with Aulus Hostilius Mancinus.

Serranus first held office as praetor in 192 BC; during his year he was dispatched east with a fleet, first to intervene against Nabis of Sparta but then – prorogued into the next year – against Antiochus III.

He was later elected praetor urbanus in 173 BC and instructed to renew the alliance with Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The next year, he may have been charged with ensuring that a part of the Roman army in Brundusium was successfully moved to Macedonia in support of the Third Macedonian War by consul Gaius Popillius Laenas.

After this, he was elected consul in 170 BC. His colleague was Aulus Hostilius Mancinus. He spent most his year in garrison duty in Liguria and Cisalpine Gaul before returning home to hold the consular elections for his successors.

Brindisi
Brindisi (US: /ˈbrɪndɪzi, ˈbriːn-/ BRIN-diz-ee, BREEN-, Italian: [ˈbrindizi] ⓘ; Brindisino: Brìnnisi) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an essential role in trade and culture due to its strategic position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city remains a major port for trade with the Balkan Peninsula, Greece and the Middle East. Its industries include agriculture, chemical works, and the generation of electricity.

From September 1943 to February 1944, Brindisi was the provisional government seat of the Kingdom of Italy.
Windham (town), New York
Windham is a town in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 1,708 at the 2020 census. The town was probably named for the town or county of Windham, Connecticut, as many of its earliest settlers came from that state as well as other parts of New England. The town has two nicknames: "Land in the Sky" and "Gem of the Catskills".

Windham is in the west-central part of the county on the northern boundary of the Catskill Park.

Windham, Connecticut
Windham (/ˈwɪndəm/ WIN-dəm) is a town in Windham County, Connecticut,  United States. It contains the former city of Willimantic as well as the communities of Windham Center, North Windham, and South Windham. Willimantic, an incorporated city since 1893, was consolidated with the town in 1983. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 24,428 at the 2020 census.
2012–13 Men's FIH Hockey World League
The 2012–13 Men's FIH Hockey World League was the inaugural season of the men's field hockey national team league series. The tournament started in August 2012 in Prague, Czech Republic and finished in January 2014 in New Delhi, India.

The semifinals of this competition also served as a qualifier for the 2014 Men's Hockey World Cup as the 6 highest-placed teams apart from the host nation and the five continental champions qualified.

The Netherlands won the tournament's Final round for the first time after defeating New Zealand 7–2 in the final. England won the third place match by defeating Australia 2–1.

Netherlands men's national field hockey team
The Netherlands national men's field hockey team represents the Netherlands in international men's field hockey and is controlled by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Hockey Bond, the governing body for field hockey in the Netherlands.

The Netherlands are one of the most successful teams in the world, having won the Summer Olympics three times, the Hockey World Cup three times, the Champions Trophy eight times, the EuroHockey Nations Championship seven times, Pro League three times and the Hockey World League once.
Coyote Wash (California)
Coyote Wash, an arroyo, and ephemeral stream or wash running east from the Jacumba Mountains through Coyote Wells where it broadens into a wide sandy wash, takes in Myer Creek, South Fork Coyote Wash, Palm Canyon Wash and passes Sackett's Wells, then a point 1.5 miles the north of Plaster City, from which it flows toward the New River, where it sinks into the sands just below sea level, west of the river, in the Yuha Desert in Imperial County, California.

Jacumba Mountains
The Jacumba Mountains are a mountain range of the Peninsular Ranges in eastern San Diego County, California, near the Mexico–United States border. The range reaches an elevation of 4,512 feet (1,375 m) at Jacumba Peak, near the southern end of the chain.

The range lies in a northwest-southeasterly direction, east of the In-Ko-Pah Mountains, and north of Interstate 8. The range is approximately 11.5 miles (18.5 km) long, and Table Mountain at the southeast end of the range is located about 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of the town of Jacumba.

The Tierra Blanca Mountains and the Sawtooth Mountains are to the northwest, and Anza-Borrego Desert State Park due north. The Coyote Mountains lie to the northeast. The Volcanic Hills area lies on the northeast flank of the range.
Injection seeder
Injection seeders are devices that direct the output of small "seed" lasers into the cavity of a much larger laser to stabilize the latter's output.  Most seed lasers are  stable, single-frequency lasers that emit within the linewidth of the larger laser's gain medium. The single frequency encourages the larger laser to lase in a single longitudinal mode, and the seed laser can also improve the laser's spatial profile and improve the M2 parameter. 
Seed lasers can be continuous or pulsed. Seeding a pulsed laser can reduce variations in the output energy and timing (jitter) from pulse to pulse, and smooth out temporal variations within the pulse. Many commercial lasers use a laser diode as a seeding source.

Spectral line
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These "fingerprints" can be compared to the previously collected ones of atoms and molecules, and are thus used to identify the atomic and molecular components of stars and planets, which would otherwise be impossible.
Echidna amblyodon
Echidna amblyodon, the Sulawesi moray is a moray eel found in the western central Pacific Ocean. It was described by Bleeker in 1856, originally under the genus Muraena. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from Indonesia, in the western central Pacific Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 20.5 centimetres (8.1 in).

Moray eel
Moray eels, or Muraenidae (/ˈmɒreɪ, məˈreɪ/), are a family of eels whose members are found worldwide. There are approximately 200 species in 16 genera which are almost exclusively marine, but several species are regularly seen in brackish water, and a few are found in fresh water.

The English name, moray, dates back to the early 17th century, and is believed to be a derivative from Portuguese moreia, which itself derives from Latin mūrēna, in turn from Greek μύραινα, muraina; these are the Latin and Greek names of the Mediterranean moray.
Aliağa Wind Farm
Aliağa Wind Farm is an onshore wind power plant in Aliağa district of İzmir Province in western Turkey.

The wind farm consists of four fields operated by different companies. A total of 83 wind turbines have an installed output power of 193 MW generating about 480 GWh a year.

İzmir Province
İzmir Province (Turkish: İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 districts out of 30 in total. To the west, it is surrounded by the Aegean Sea, and it encloses the Gulf of Izmir. Its area is 11,891 square kilometres (4,591 square miles), and its population is 4,462,056 (2022). Neighboring provinces are Balıkesir to the north, Manisa to the east, and Aydın to the south. The traffic code of the province is 35.

Major rivers of the province include the Küçük Menderes river, Koca Çay (with Güzelhisar dam), and Bakırçay.
King Arthur's Cave
King Arthur's Cave  is a limestone cave at the foot of a low cliff at the north-western end of Lord's Wood in The Doward, near Symonds Yat, Herefordshire, about four miles northeast of Monmouth, in the Wye Valley. The cave entrance lies about 285 feet above the River Wye on a hill, with a double interconnected entrance and two main chambers. It is protected as a nature reserve under the Herefordshire Nature Trust.  There is evidence that the cave was occupied by man during the Upper Palaeolithic era, and flint tools and woolly mammoth bones have been unearthed within and around the caves.

Symonds Yat
Symonds Yat is a village in the Wye Valley in the English counties of Herefordshire and Gloucestershire, and a popular tourist destination. It straddles the River Wye, and is within a few miles of Monmouthshire and the Welsh border.

The two settlements either side of the river are known as Symonds Yat West and Symonds Yat East and are linked by a footbridge and passenger ferries. Nearby is Symonds Yat Rock, a scenic hilltop viewpoint. The Seven Sisters Rocks are an outcrop of rocks forming cliffs above the Wye at Symonds Yat.
1973–74 KNVB Cup
The 1973-74 KNVB Cup was the 56th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 46 teams contested, beginning on 26 September 1973 and ending at the final on 1 May 1974.

NAC unsuccessfully defended on 1 May 1974 in De Kuip, Rotterdam its 1973 title losing the 1974 KNVB Cup to PSV, 6–0. 38,000 attending. It was PSV's second title.

NAC Breda
NAC Breda (Dutch pronunciation: [nɑɡ breːˈdaː]), often simply known as NAC, is a Dutch professional football club, based in Breda, Netherlands. NAC Breda play in the Rat Verlegh Stadium, named after their most important player, Antoon 'Rat' Verlegh. They play in the Eredivisie, after winning play-offs for promotion in 2024. In their history, NAC won one national title in 1921 and won one KNVB Cup in 1973.

NAC was founded on 19 September 1912, when the two clubs ADVENDO and NOAD merged to one club, both being abbreviations of their respective full names.

In August 2012, NAC reinstated their first crest as the new club logo for the 2012–13 season.
2022 Green Party leadership election
Green Party leadership, or deputy leadership, elections were held in the following countries in 2022:

2022 Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand co-leadership election

2022 Green Party of Canada leadership election

2022 Green Party (Czech Republic) leadership election

2022 Green Party of England and Wales deputy leadership election

2022 Green Party of England and Wales deputy leadership election
The 2022 Green Party of England and Wales Party deputy leadership election throughout the summer of 2022 to determine the next deputy leader of the Green Party of England and Wales. Zack Polanski won the election received over 50% of the final vote.
Hack/Slash
Hack/Slash is a comic book series, launched from several one shots of the same name, published by Image Comics (previously by Devil's Due Publishing). The series was created by writer and sometime penciller Tim Seeley. The series follows horror victim Cassie Hack as she strikes back at the monsters who prey upon teenagers. These monsters are known as "slashers", and are a mix of original villains and crossover appearances, such as the appearance of Re-Animator (from Herbert West–Reanimator) in Volume 1.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Łączno, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Łączno [ˈwɔnt͡ʂnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Morąg, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Morąg, 29 km (18 mi) north of Ostróda, and 44 km (27 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ostróda
Ostróda [ɔsˈtruda] (German: Osterode in Ostpreußenⓘ; Old Prussian: Austrāti) is a town in northern Poland, in the ethnocultural region of Masuria. It is the seat of the Ostróda County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and has approximately 33,191 inhabitants (2009).

Ostróda is the largest town in the western part of Masuria, and the second largest in all of Masuria after Ełk.
Liz Chadwick
Elizabeth M. Chadwick (later Pook, 4 April 1943 –  6 December 2012) was an English amateur golfer. She won the Ladies' British Open Amateur Championship in 1966 and 1967. She played in the Curtis Cup in 1966.

Girls Home Internationals
The Girls Home Internationals was an amateur team golf championship for girls between the four Home Nations. Ireland was represented by the whole island of Ireland.The event was organised by The R&A. The inaugural event was held in 1969 and the venue cycled between the four nations. The winning team received the Stroyan Cup. Originally it was played immediately before, and at the same venue, as the Girls Amateur Championship. However it was later held as a separate event. In 2021 the match was replaced by a combined Girls and Boys Home Internationals.

A match between Scotland and England girls had been played since 1935 while Ireland and Wales had also played earlier matches.
Raw milk movement in the United States
The raw milk movement in the United States refers to advocacy and activism for the consumption of raw milk (unpasteurized and unhomogenized) over pasteurized milk.

Raw milk makes up a small proportion of the milk consumption of the American general population. However, some claim the demand for raw milk has "considerably increased in recent years". Raw milk advocates falsely claim a variety of health benefits attributable to untreated dairy products; government officials and scientific researchers stress that there are substantial food safety risks associated with raw milk, and that claims of health benefits provided by raw milk are unsupported by scientific evidence.

Brucellosis
Brucellosis is a zoonosis spread primarily via ingestion of unpasteurized milk from infected animals. It is also known as undulant fever, Malta fever, and Mediterranean fever.

The bacteria causing this disease, Brucella, are small, Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped (coccobacilli) bacteria. They function as facultative intracellular parasites, causing chronic disease, which usually persists for life. Four species infect humans: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis. B. abortus is less virulent than B. melitensis and is primarily a disease of cattle. B. canis affects dogs. B. melitensis is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep. B. suis is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs. Symptoms include profuse sweating and joint and muscle pain. Brucellosis has been recognized in animals and humans since the early 20th century.