hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attempted assassination of Mikhail Gorbachev
On 7 November 1990, Aleksandr Shmonov attempted to assassinate Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev during the 1990 October Revolution Parade in Moscow. Shmonov, a dissident who was angry at Gorbachev's handling of democratic reforms, attempted to fire two bullets at Gorbachev but was spotted and overpowered by the police. Shmonov was declared insane and sent to a psikhushka until his release in 1995.

It was the first direct assassination attempt of a Soviet leader since the attempted assassination of Leonid Brezhnev in 1969, and the last before the dissolution of the Soviet Union a year later.

Dissident
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th century, coinciding with the rise of authoritarian governments in countries such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, Francoist Spain, the Soviet Union (and later Russia), North Korea, China, Turkmenistan and the Middle East. In the Western world, there are historical examples of people who have been considered and have considered themselves dissidents, such as the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. In totalitarian countries, dissidents are often incarcerated or executed without explicit political accusations, or due to infringements of the very same laws they are opposing, or because they are supporting civil liberties such as freedom of speech.
Konstantin Albrecht
Konstantin Karlovich Albrecht (4 October 1836 – 26 June 1893) was a cellist in the Moscow Bolshoi Theater orchestra, a teacher and administrator. Interested in choral music, he founded the Moscow Choral Society in 1878. He also helped to found the Russian Musical Society and the Moscow Conservatory.

Russian Musical Society
The Russian Musical Society (RMS) (Russian: Русское музыкальное общество) was the first music school in Russia open to the general public. It was launched in 1859 by the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna and Anton Rubinstein, one of the few notable Russian pianists and composers of the day. Disbanded in the Russian Revolution, it has since been revived.
Marupō
Marupō was a Māori leader of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe) in northern New Zealand.

At the first signing of the Treaty of Waitangi on 6 February 1840, Marupō gave a concerted physical display and vocal attack against the treaty. He signed the Treaty of Waitangi later that day, and signed it for a second time on 12 February 1840 in his local area of Māngungu, Hokianga.

Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (also known as Ngāpuhi-Nui-Tonu or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 184,470. This compares to 125,601 in 2001, 102,981 in 2006, 122,214  in 2013. and 165,201 in 2018. It is formed from 150 hapū or subtribes, with 55 marae.

Despite such diversity, the people of Ngāpuhi maintain their shared history and self-identity. Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, based in Kaikohe, administers the iwi. The Rūnanga acts on behalf of the iwi in consultations with the New Zealand government. It also ensures the equitable distribution of benefits from the 1992 fisheries settlement with the government, and undertakes resource management and education initiatives.
Archdeacon of Leighlin
The Archdeacon of Leighlin was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Ferns and Leighlin  until 1835 and then within the Diocese of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin until 1977 when it was further enlarged to become the Diocese of Cashel and Ossory. As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the Cloyne Diocese.

The archdeaconry can trace its history from William, the first known incumbent, who held the office in 1200 to the last discrete holder John Richard Hedges Becher who was appointed in 1922.

It was replaced by the combined archdeaconry of Ossory and Leighlin in 1924.

Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin
The Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin was the Ordinary of  Church of Ireland diocese of Ferns and Leighlin in the Province of Dublin. The diocese comprised all of counties Wexford and Carlow and part of counties Wicklow and Laois in Ireland.

The Episcopal see was a union of the bishoprics of Ferns and Leighlin which were united in 1597. Over two hundred and thirty-eight years, there were twenty-nine bishops of the united diocese. Under the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37), Ferns and Leighlin were combined with Ossory to form the united bishopric of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin on 12 July 1835.
Kpando Stadium
Kpando Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Kpandu, in the Volta Region of Ghana.  It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Heart of Lions of the Ghana Premier League.  The stadium holds 5,000 spectators.

Heart of Lions F.C.
Heart of Lions Football Club is a Ghanaian professional football club based in Kpando, Volta. The club participated in the Glo Premier League but was relegated in 2015.

The club is a two-time winner of the GHALCA top 4 competition in 2005 and 2009, respectively.

They are also the last club to win the Sports Writers Association Of Ghana (SWAG) Cup in 2009.
Hawthorn Greyhound Track
The Hawthorn Greyhound Track was a former greyhound racing track in Pontypridd, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales.

The stadium was situated on Fairfield Lane off Cardiff Road and on the south side of the Rhyd-y-Felin railway branch (now the A470). Racing began in March 1932 and ended in 1970s with the site now being a football ground used by Rhydyfelin AFC and is called the old dog track.

Greyhound racing
Greyhound racing is an organised, competitive sport in which greyhounds race on dedicated tracks. The modern track form of the sport developed from hare coursing and uses a mechanically operated artificial lure (usually a form of windsock) that travels along a rail ahead of the dogs. As with horse racing, greyhound races frequently involve parimutuel or bookmaker betting.

In many countries, greyhound racing is conducted at an amateur level. In other countries, particularly Australia, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States, it forms part of the commercial gambling industry.
Valparaiso Crusaders men's soccer
The Valparaiso Crusaders men's soccer team represented Valparaiso University (Valpo) in NCAA Division I soccer competition as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference  The Crusaders played home matches at Brown Field on the Valpo campus in Valparaiso, Indiana.

Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University (Valpo) is a private university in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. It is an independent Lutheran university with five colleges. It enrolls nearly 2,300 students and has a 350-acre (140 ha) campus.

The university is known for its Lutheran Christian heritage and has one of the largest chapels on a U.S. college campus. In 2025, it accepted 89% of applicants for enrollment.
Coniopterygidae
The dustywings, Coniopterygidae, are a family of Pterygota (winged insects) of the net-winged insect order (Neuroptera). About 460 living species are known. These tiny insects can usually be determined to genus with a hand lens according to their wing venation, but to distinguish species, examination of the genitals by microscope is usually necessary.

Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.2 Ma and 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage.

At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian.
Kathleen Carroll
Kathleen Carroll (died 1999) was an Australian writer. She was born in Rockhampton, grew up in Brisbane and moved to Sydney in 1936 to work in an advertising film. During the war she worked in an aircraft factory. She became one of the leading writers of radio serials in Australia.

Theatre historian Leslie Rees praised her "faith in and understanding of working-class people".

Carroll won the 1940 Westralian Drama Festival Award for her play, Saturday.

She wrote many scripts for radio serials produced by Grace Gibson.

Grace Gibson
Grace Isabel Gibson  (17 June 1905 – 10 July 1989), also known as Grace Atchison and Grace Parr  was an American Australian radio entrepreneur, executive  and producer.
She was best known for her long-running serials Dr. Paul and the local version of NBC hit Portia Faces Life.
Tschopp
Tschopp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Evelyne Tschopp (born 1991), Swiss judoka

Jürg Tschopp (1951–2011), Swiss biochemist and immunologist

Marcel Tschopp (born 1974), Liechtenstein long-distance runner

Marco Tschopp (born 1978), Swiss footballer

Johann Tschopp (born 1982), Swiss mountain bike racer

Rahel Tschopp (born 2000), Swiss footballer

Willy Tschopp (1905–1987), Swiss sprinter

Tschopp (born 1937), Azurara Campismo's house owner

Jürg Tschopp
Jürg Tschopp (born 1951 in Basel — died 22 March 2011 in the Swiss Alps) was a Swiss biochemist, known for his research on apoptosis and the immunology of inflammation. His greatest achievement was perhaps his team's discovery and scientific description of the inflammasome (which he named).
Unfriend (South Korean TV series)
Unfriend (Korean: 언프렌드) is an upcoming South Korean television series based on the crime novel Second Sister written by Chan Ho Kei, starring Kim Seon-ho and Park Gyu-young. It is co-directed by Kim Jee-woon and Park Bo-ram, with the screenplay adapted from the novel by novelist and scriptwriter Joo Won-gyu.

Lee Hong-nae
Lee Hong-nae (Korean: 이홍내; born January 28, 1990) is a South Korean actor. He first became widely known in 2020 for playing the villain Ji Cheong-sin in the television show The Uncanny Counter, earning him the Scene Stealer Actor award at the Brand Customer Loyalty Award. Lee was honored with the Best New Actor award for his role in the film Made On The Rooftop in 2021. Subsequently, he received the Best New Actor – Film award at the 58th Baeksang Arts Award for his performance in the film Hot Blooded. He was also nominated for the Best New Actor award at the Buil Film Awards, Chunsa Film Art Awards, and Grand Bell Awards in 2022 for the role. He then was awarded the Best New Actor at the 2023 SBS Drama Awards for his work in Dr. Romantic Season 3.
Loughborough Lightning (netball)
Loughborough Lightning is an English netball team based at Loughborough University. Their senior team plays in the Netball Super League where they have made seven grand finals, winning three in 2021, 2023 and 2024.

Netball in England
In England, netball has been popular enough to be included as part of the physical education curriculum. Its inclusion had been at times controversial; during the 1910s and 1920s, schools worried about the potential negative impact of physical exercise like netball participation on the health of girls.

Below is a list including some of the top performances for the English national netball team:

1998 Commonwealth Games: 3rd place

2002 Commonwealth Games: 4th place

2005 World Youth Netball Championship: 2nd place

2018 Commonwealth Games: 1st place

As of August 2016, the women's national team was ranked number three in the world.
Discicristata
Discicristata is a proposed eukaryotic clade. It consists of Euglenozoa plus Percolozoa.

It was proposed that Discicristata plus Cercozoa yielded Cabozoa. Another proposal is to group Discicristata with Jakobida into Discoba superphylum.

Euglenozoa
Euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate Discoba. They include a variety of common free-living species, as well as a few important parasites, some of which infect humans. Euglenozoa are represented by four major groups, i.e., Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, Euglenida, and Symbiontida. Euglenozoa are unicellular, mostly around 15–40 μm (0.00059–0.00157 in) in size, although some euglenids get up to 500 μm (0.020 in) long.
Kalmusia
Kalmusia is a genus of fungi in the family Didymosphaeriaceae. The genus was formerly placed in family Montagnulaceae, before that was dissolved. The widespread, genus was estimated to contain about 12 species in 2008, which has increased to 29 species in 2023.

The genus name of Kalmusia is in honour of Jakub Kalmus (1834 - 1870), who was a Bohemian doctor and Cryptogam researcher, who was a friend of the plant author.

The genus was circumscribed by Gustav Niessl von Mayendorf in Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn vol.10 on page 204 in 1872.

Cryptogam
A cryptogam (scientific name Cryptogamae) is a plant, in the broad sense of the word, or a plant-like organism that shares similar characteristics, such as being multicellular, photosynthetic, and primarily immobile, that reproduces via spores rather than through flowers or seeds.

This broader definition can include algae, fungi, and certain bacteria (like cyanobacteria), even though they may belong to different biological kingdoms.
J.E. Willoughby
Julius Edgar Willoughby (October 13, 1871 – March 11, 1944) was a chief engineer with various railroad companies in the U.S., as well as one in Haiti.

Willoughby was born in Arkadelphia, Alabama, on October 12, 1871. He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1892 and went to work for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. He rose the ranks at various railroad companies before joining the Louisville and Nashville's Knoxville La Follette & Jellico where he became chief engineer. He also served as chief engineer of the National Railroad of Haiti in 1912 and replaced E.B. Pleasants as chief engineer of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1913. He is credited with naming Eridu, Florida and Iddo, Florida.

In 1920 he was involved in plans to deepen the canal at Port Tampa.

He was consulted regarding plans for an Atlantic - Gulf of Mexico shipping canal across Florida. He died in Sarasota, Florida.

Port Tampa (neighborhood)
Port Tampa is a neighborhood in the southwestern most portion within the city limits of Tampa, Florida, on the western end of the Interbay Peninsula where the main port used to be. Within this neighborhood is Picnic Island Park as well as West Shore Elementary school.

It is sometimes confused with Port Tampa Bay (formerly the Port of Tampa), Tampa's larger port area near downtown on the northern end of Hillsborough Bay.
As most of it being a historical district, it used to be an impoverished neighborhood with ghettos, projects, trailer parks & section-8 homes, the city has been gentrifying in the recent years.
Also known as PT, PTC, or Port Tampa City.
Zemiaki language
Zemiaki  is a Nuristani language spoken by some 400–500 people in the Kunar Province of Afghanistan.

It is named after the settlement in which it is spoken, from the Pashto Zemyaki žə́ba "language of Zemyaki", the native equivalent being J̌amlām-am bašā. It is closely related to Nuristani Kalasha, and ancestors of the Zemyakis were, according to local tradition, Kalasha people who migrated into the area several centuries ago. The language spoken in the surrounding areas is Pashto, and it has been a source of a large number of lexical borrowings, including several common conjunctions.

There is no grammatical gender, but number and person are marked on the verb, following a split-ergative pattern of agreement.

It was thought that Zemiaki is a dialect of Grangali, an Indo-Aryan language. However, its pronouns are characteristically Nuristani, with a close relationship to Nuristani Kalasha, which is confirmed by local tradition.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
St John de Sepulchre
The Church of St John the Baptist and the Holy Sepulchre, usuallly shortened to St John de Sepulchre or St Sepulchre, and known as St John the Theologian's Church during its more recent use by the Orthodox Church, is a Grade I listed redundant parish church on Ber Street and Finkelgate in Norwich, England.

Having existed since prior to the Norman Conquest in 1066, It became part of the Church of England, then after its 1984 redundancy was a Greek Orthodox Church from 1986 to 2009, and finally re-opened for secular use.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Amagasaki
Amagasaki (尼崎市, Amagasaki-shi) is an industrial city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2022, the city had an estimated population of 455,555 in 223,812 households, and a population density of 9000 persons per km². The total area of the city is 50.72 km2 (19.58 sq mi).

Meishin Expressway
The Meishin Expressway (名神高速道路, Meishin Kōsoku-dōro), or Nagoya-Kōbe Expressway 193.9 kilometres (120.5 mi) is a toll expressway in Japan. It runs from a junction with the Tōmei Expressway in Komaki, Aichi (outside Nagoya) west to Nishinomiya, Hyōgo (between Osaka and Kobe). It is the main road link between Osaka and Nagoya, and, along with the Tōmei Expressway, forms the main road link between Osaka and Tokyo. East of the Chūgoku Expressway near Osaka, it is part of Asian Highway Network ( AH1).

The part east of interchange 29 (Yōkaichi) is owned by the Central Nippon Expressway Company; the rest is owned by the West Nippon Expressway Company.
Buffington Island
Buffington Island is an island in the Ohio River in Jackson County, West Virginia near the town of Ravenswood, United States, east of Racine, Ohio. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Buffington Island took place on July 19, 1863, just south of the Ohio community of Portland. Buffington Island is protected as part of the Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge.

Portland, Ohio
Portland is an unincorporated community in eastern Lebanon Township, Meigs County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 45770.

It lies on the Ohio River, located between Long Bottom and Racine.
Hoffman Galeng
Goatlhotsemang Hoffman Galeng is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the North West Provincial Legislature until 2019. He served as the North West's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Social Development from November 2017 to December 2018.

Vryburg
Vryburg (/fraɪbərɡ/) is a large agricultural town with a population of approximately 89,120  situated in the Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality of the North West Province of South Africa. It is the seat and the industrial and agricultural heartland of the district of the Bophirima region.
Surigao City
Surigao City, officially the City of Surigao (Surigaonon: Siyudad nan Surigao; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Surigao; Filipino: Lungsod ng Surigao), is a component city and capital of the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. It is the most populous settlement in the province with a population of 171,107 people according to the 2020 census.

The city is located at the north-easternmost tip of Mindanao with a total land area of 245.34 km2.

Surigao City serves as a jump-off point to visitors of nearby Siargao, Dinagat and Bucas Grande islands. It is Mindanao's closest landmass to Visayas, separating the two island groups by eleven nautical miles across Surigao Strait.

Bohol Sea
The Bohol Sea, also called the Mindanao Sea, is a sea located between the Visayas and Mindanao islands in the Philippines. It lies south of Bohol and Leyte and north of Mindanao. Siquijor and Camiguin are its two major islands.

The major cities along the coastline of the sea are Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, Butuan, Dumaguete, Ozamiz and Tagbilaran.

The sea connects to the Philippine Sea through the Surigao Strait, to the Camotes Sea both through the Canigao Channel and Cebu Strait, and to the Sulu Sea through the strait between Negros Island and Zamboanga Peninsula.
Attea
Attea (Ancient Greek: Ἄττεα) was a coastal town of ancient Mysia or of Aeolis. If we follow the order of Strabo's enumeration, it lay between Heracleia and Atarneus. It has been conjectured that it is the same place which is named Attalia in the Peutinger Table. Pliny the Elder mentions an Attalia in Mysia, but he places it in the interior; and he also mentions the Attalenses as belonging to the conventus of Pergamum. It seems, then, there is some confusion in the authorities about this Attalia; and the Lydian Attalia of Stephanus of Byzantium and this Attalia of Pliny may be the same place. Also, attempts to equate the town with Attaea, a later bishopric near Ephesus, have likewise proved unsatisfactory.

Its site is located near Maltepe, Ayazment, Asiatic Turkey.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Hail the Woman
Hail the Woman is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by John Griffith Wray. Produced by Thomas Ince, it stars Florence Vidor as a woman who takes a stand against the hypocrisy of her father and brother, played by Theodore Roberts and Lloyd Hughes respectively.

John Griffith Wray
John Griffith Wray (August 30, 1881 – July 15, 1929) was an American stage actor and director who later became a noted Hollywood silent film director. He worked on 19 films between 1913 and 1929 that included Anna Christie (1923) and Human Wreckage (1923), Dorothy Davenport's story about her husband Wallace Reid's drug addiction and death.
Let Trump Be Trump
Let Trump Be Trump: The Inside Story of His Rise to the Presidency is a memoir about the successful 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump. It was originally published on December 5, 2017, by Center Street, an imprint of Hachette Book Group. It was co-authored by Corey Lewandowski, Trump's first campaign manager, and David Bossie, the head of Citizens United and Trump's final deputy campaign manager. It is the first book about the Trump campaign to be published by the campaign's insiders.

Citizens United (organization)
Citizens United is an American conservative nonprofit organization founded in 1988. In 2010, the organization won a U.S. Supreme Court case known as Citizens United v. FEC. The Court ruled that corporations and unions could not be prohibited from making independent expenditures in federal elections, citing First Amendment protections of free speech. As of 2025, the organization’s president and chairman is David Bossie.