hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Explorer
Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Explorer

HMS Explorer (submarine) an experimental submarine launched in 1954 and scrapped in 1962

HMS Explorer (P164) a small patrol craft commissioned in 1986, still in active service

HMS Explorer (P164)
HMS Explorer is an Archer-class P2000-type patrol and training vessel of the British Royal Navy. The ship is primarily assigned to the Yorkshire Universities Royal Naval Unit (URNU), serving the universities of Hull, Sheffield and Leeds. The ship is based in Kingston-Upon-Hull and mainly operates on the East coast of the UK, particularly in and around the Humber estuary.

HMS Explorer is the second ship to bear the name; her predecessor was an unarmed experimental Walter-turbine submarine based on the captured high test peroxide (HTP) powered German Type XVIIB submarine U-1407 launched in 1956 and scrapped in 1965.
Cormac Murphy
Cormac Murphy (born 21 April 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays for Cork Premier Championship club Mallow and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team. He currently plays as a right wing-forward, but can also be deployed as a wing-back.

Fitzgibbon Cup
The Fitzgibbon Cup (Irish: Corn Mhic Giobúin) is the trophy for the premier hurling championship among higher education institutions (universities, colleges and institutes of technology) in Ireland.

The Fitzgibbon Cup competition is administered by Comhairle Ard Oideachais Cumann Lúthchleas Gael (CLG), the GAA's Higher Education Council. Comhairle Ard Oideachais also oversees the Ryan Cup (tier 2 hurling championship), the Fergal Maher Cup (tier 3 hurling championship) and the Padraig MacDiarmada (tier 4 hurling championship).

The GAA Higher Education Cups are sponsored by Electric Ireland.
Cyclobutylamine
Cyclobutylamine is an organic compound with the formula C4H7NH2.  It is a colorless, readily distillable liquid.  It can be prepared from cyclobutanecarboxylic acid via the amide or by Curtius rearrangement.  Cyclobutylamine is a member of the aminocycloalkanes, which also includes cyclopropylamine, cyclopentylamine, and cyclohexylamine.

Oxidation with potassium permanganate gives cyclobutanone.

Using "strain-relief reaction", substituted bicyclobutanes can be converted to a variety of N-substituted cyclobutylamines.

Curtius rearrangement
The Curtius rearrangement (or Curtius reaction or Curtius degradation), first defined by Theodor Curtius in 1885, is the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate with loss of nitrogen gas. The isocyanate then undergoes attack by a variety of nucleophiles such as water, alcohols and amines, to yield a primary amine, carbamate or urea derivative respectively. Several reviews have been published.
William Webber (criminal)
Louis William "Bridgie" Webber (1877 – July 30, 1936) was an underworld figure in New York City and a former associate of gang leader Monk Eastman who later testified against police lieutenant Charles Becker during his murder trial in 1912.

Monk Eastman
Edward "Monk" Eastman (1875 – December 26, 1920), was an American gangster who founded and led the Eastman Gang in the late 19th and early 20th century; it became one of the most powerful street gangs in the city. His aliases included Joseph "Joe" Morris, Joe Marvin, William "Bill" Delaney, and Edward "Eddie" Delaney. Eastman is considered to be one of the last of the 19th-century New York City gangsters who preceded the rise of Arnold Rothstein and the Jewish mob. Later, more sophisticated, organized criminal enterprises also included the Italian American Cosa Nostra.
Rural settlement
The definition of a rural settlement depends on the country, in some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even rural towns. In some others, rural settlements traditionally do not include towns.

Common types of rural settlements are villages, hamlets, and farms. They may be dispersed.

Traditionally, rural settlements were associated with agriculture. In modern times other types of rural communities have been developed.

The settlement where the occupation of majority of people relate to the local natural resources are called rural settlement for example, (1) settlement of fisheries along a sea coast, (2) settlement of tribal people in a forest area and (3) settlement of farmers along the banks of rivers.

Rural settlements show the reciprocal relationship of human occupance features and environment.

Job
A job, employment, work or occupation, is an activity, often regular and typically performed in exchange for payment ("for a living"). A person can begin a job by becoming an employee, volunteering, or starting a business. The duration of a job may range from temporary (e.g., hourly odd jobs) to a lifetime (e.g., judges).

An activity that requires a person's mental or physical effort is work (as in "a day's work"). If a person is trained for a certain type of job, they may have a profession. Typically, a job would be a subset of someone's career. The two may differ in that one usually retires from their career, versus resignation or termination from a job.
Ching Hai
Ching Hai (born Trịnh Đăng Huệ; 12 May 1950), commonly referred to as Suma or Supreme Master Ching Hai, is a British citizen of Vietnamese descent; a humanitarian, philanthropist, and the spiritual leader of the Guanyin Famen (Chinese) or Quan Yin method transnational cybersect. The practice had existed predating the common usage of the internet. Based out of Taiwan, she is estimated to have 2 million followers worldwide.
Ching Hai founded the Loving Hut vegan restaurant chain and vegan Celestial Shop fashion company under Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Le Jongleur de Notre Dame (short story)
Le Jongleur de Notre Dame is a religious miracle story by the French author Anatole France, first printed in a newspaper in 1890, and published in a short story collection in 1892. It is based on a medieval poem, Our Lady's Tumbler, similar to the later Christmas carol The Little Drummer Boy.

The Little Drummer Boy
"The Little Drummer Boy" (originally known as "Carol of the Drum") is a popular Christmas song written by American composer Katherine Kennicott Davis in 1941. First recorded in 1951 by the Austrian Trapp Family, the song was further popularized by a 1958 recording by the Harry Simeone Chorale. The Simeone version was re-released successfully for several years, and the song has been recorded many times since.

In the lyrics, the singer relates how, as a poor young boy, he was summoned by the Magi to the Nativity of Jesus. Without a gift for the infant, the little drummer boy played his drum with approval from Jesus's mother, Mary, recalling, "I played my best for him" and "He smiled at me". The story of a drummer at the manger is not from the Bible.
John Hulsman
John C. Hulsman (born 1967) is an American foreign policy expert. He was the Alfred von Oppenheim Scholar in Residence at the German Council on Foreign Relations in Berlin.

Hulsman writes for the Aspen Institute of Italy and is senior research fellow at the Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. He used to work for The Heritage Foundation, where he was a senior research fellow in international relations there. He is president and co-founder of John C. Hulsman Enterprises, an international relations consulting firm. He has taught European security studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and world politics and U.S. foreign policy at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.

Hulsman is the author of the books Ethical Realism, The Godfather Doctrine, and a biography of Lawrence of Arabia titled To Begin the World Over Again.
He has been interviewed on C-SPAN, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, ABC, CBS, Fox News, CNN, MSNBC, PBS, and the BBC.

The Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation (or simply Heritage) is an American right-wing think tank based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1973, it took a leading role in the conservative movement in the 1980s during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose policies were taken from Heritage Foundation studies, including its Mandate for Leadership.

The Heritage Foundation has had significant influence in U.S. public policy making, and has historically been ranked among the most influential public policy organizations in the United States. In 2010, it founded a sister organization, Heritage Action, an influential activist force in conservative and Republican politics.

Heritage leads Project 2025, also known as the 2025 Presidential Transition Project, an extensive plan that includes appointing ideologically aligned civil servants, restricting abortion access, opposing LGBTQ+ rights, transforming federal agencies for political purposes, and imposing strict immigration policies.
Restaurant James Sommerin
Restaurant James Sommerin was a restaurant in Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It was owned and run by chef James Sommerin.

Sommerin formerly ran the Michelin starred The Crown and Whitebrook in Monmouthshire.

Vale of Glamorgan
The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg [ˈbroː mɔrˈɡanʊɡ]), locally referred to as The Vale, is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It borders Bridgend County Borough to the west, Cardiff to the east, Rhondda Cynon Taf to the north, and the Bristol Channel to the south. With an economy based largely on agriculture and chemicals, it is the southernmost unitary authority in Wales. Attractions include Barry Island Pleasure Park, the Barry Tourist Railway, Medieval wall paintings in St Cadoc's Church, Llancarfan, Porthkerry Park, St Donat's Castle, Cosmeston Lakes Country Park and Cosmeston Medieval Village. The largest town is Barry. Other towns include Penarth, Llantwit Major, and Cowbridge. There are many villages in the county borough.
Tırnak, Gülnar
Tırnak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Gülnar, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 123 (2022). It is situated in Toros Mountains. Distance to Gülnar is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) and to Mersin is 140 kilometres (87 mi).

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Changthang district
Changthang district is one of the 5 newly proposed districts in Ladakh, India. The intent to create the district was announced on 26 August 2024. The Changthang district is expected to include portions of the Nyoma and Durbuk subdivisions of the Leh district. The majority of the population in the area are Changpa nomadic pastoralists. Prominent villages in the area include Hanle, Chushul and Tangtse.

Chushul
Chushul is a village in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Durbuk tehsil, in the area known as "Chushul Valley", south of the Pangong Lake and west of the Spanggur Lake. The Line of Actual Control with China runs about 5 miles (8 km) east of Chushul, across the Chushul Valley. Famous as site for historical battle grounds.
Mount Thyestes
Mount Thyestes is a 1,697-metre (5,568-foot) mountain summit located in the Tantalus Range, in Tantalus Provincial Park, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 4 km (2 mi) immediately west of Brackendale, 7 km (4 mi) northwest of Squamish, and 10.7 km (7 mi) southeast of Mount Tantalus, which is the highest peak in the Tantalus Range. Its nearest higher peak is Omega Mountain, 2.4 km (1 mi) to the northwest, and Mount Pelops lies 3.6 km (2 mi) to the west-northwest. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into tributaries of the Squamish River. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1942 by R. McLellan, H. Parliament, and F. Roots. The mountain was named for Thyestes, son of Pelops and grandson of Tantalus according to Greek mythology.  The mountain's name was officially adopted on June 6, 1957, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Thyestes
In Greek mythology, Thyestes (pronounced /θaɪˈɛstiːz/, Greek: Θυέστης, [tʰyéstɛːs]) was a king of Olympia. Thyestes and his brother, Atreus, were exiled by their father for having murdered their half-brother, Chrysippus, in their desire for the throne of Olympia. They took refuge in Mycenae, where they ascended the throne upon the absence of King Eurystheus, who was fighting the Heracleidae. Eurystheus had meant for their lordship to be temporary; it became permanent because of his death in conflict.

The most popular representation of Thyestes is that of the play Thyestes by Seneca in 62 AD. This play is one of the originals for the revenge tragedy genre. Although inspired by Greek mythology and legend, Seneca's version is different.
Jill Quadagno
Jill S. Quadagno (born November 4, 1942) is Professor of Sociology at Florida State University where she holds the Mildred and Claude Pepper Eminent Scholar Chair in Social Gerontology. She has been a recipient of a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the National Science Foundation, a National Science Foundation Visiting Professorship for Women, the Distinguished Scholar Award of the ASA Section on Aging, a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, and an American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship. In 1994 she served as Senior Policy Advisor on the President's Bipartisan Commission on Entitlement and Tax Reform, and in 1998 she served as president of the American Sociological Association. She was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2010.

American Council of Learned Societies
The American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) is a private, nonprofit federation of 75 scholarly organizations in the humanities and related social sciences founded in 1919. It is best known for its fellowship competitions which provide a range of opportunities for scholars in the humanities and related social sciences at all career stages, from graduate students to distinguished professors to independent scholars, working with a number of disciplines and methodologies in the U.S. and abroad.
Bleuler
Bleuler is a German language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939), Swiss psychiatrist

Hermann Bleuler (1837–1912), Swiss engineer and army officer

Johann Heinrich Bleuler (1758–1823), Swiss painter

Johann Ludwig Bleuler (1792–1850), Swiss painter

Konrad Bleuler (1912–1992), Swiss physicist

Manfred Bleuler (1903–1994), Swiss physician and psychiatrist

Konrad Bleuler
Konrad Bleuler (German: [ˈblɔɪlər]; 23 September 1912, Herzogenbuchsee – 1 January 1992, Königswinter) was a Swiss physicist who worked in the field of theoretical particle physics and quantum field theory. He is known for his work on the quantisation of the photon, the Gupta–Bleuler formalism.
Machanbaw Township
Machanbaw Township (Burmese: မချမ်းဘောမြို့နယ်) is a township of Putao District in the Kachin State of Burma. The principal town is Machanbaw.

27°16′00″N 97°36′00″E﻿ / ﻿27.2667°N 97.6000°E﻿ / 27.2667; 97.6000

Townships of Myanmar
Townships (Burmese: မြို့နယ်, Mrui.nay; IPA: [mjo̰nɛ̀]) are the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar. They are the sub-divisions of the districts of Myanmar. According to the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU), as of December 2015, there are 330 townships in Myanmar.

Townships are the basic administrative unit of local governance and are the only type of administrative division that cover all of Myanmar. A township is administered by a township administrator, a civil servant appointed through the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA). The minister of home affairs is to be appointed by the military according to the 2008 constitution. Townships are supervised by districts.
Fullers Group
Fullers Group Limited, trading as Fullers360, is a ferry and tourism company in Auckland, New Zealand. It operates in the Hauraki Gulf and Waitematā Harbour. Fullers Group is the latest in a long line of almost continuous harbour and gulf ferry operations based in Auckland since the 1870s.

Waitematā Harbour
The Waitematā Harbour is the main access by sea to Auckland, New Zealand. The harbour forms the northern and eastern coasts of the Auckland isthmus and is crossed by the Auckland Harbour Bridge. It is matched on the southern side of the city by the shallower waters of the Manukau Harbour.

With an area of 70 square miles (180 km2), it connects the city's main port and the Auckland waterfront to the Hauraki Gulf and the Pacific Ocean. It is sheltered from Pacific storms by Auckland's North Shore, Rangitoto Island, and Waiheke Island.
Velyka Bahachka Raion
Velyka Bahachka Raion (Ukrainian: Великобагачанський район) was a raion (district) in Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. The raion's administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Velyka Bahachka. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Myrhorod Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Poltava Oblast to four. The last estimate of the raion population was 23,456 (2020 est.)

Myrhorod Raion
Myrhorod Raion (Ukrainian: Миргородський район; translit.: Myrhorods'kyi raion) is a raion (district) in Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. The raion's administrative center is the city of Myrhorod. Population:198,076 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Poltava Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Myrhorod Raion was significantly expanded.  The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 29,743 (2020 est.).
Gewiss–Ballan
Gewiss–Ballan was an Italian-based road bicycle racing team active from 1993 to 1997, named after the Italian electrical engineering company Gewiss. The team was successful in the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France as well as several classics during the early 1990s.

General classification in the Tour de France
The general classification of the Tour de France is the most important classification of the race and determines the winner of the race. Since 1919, the leader of the general classification has worn the yellow jersey (French: maillot jaune [majo ʒon]).
Taekwondo at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's 67 kg
The women's welterweight (67 kilograms) event at the 2018 Asian Games took place on 20 August 2018 at Jakarta Convention Center Plenary Hall, Jakarta, Indonesia.

A total of sixteen competitors from sixteen countries competed in this event, limited to fighters whose body weight was less than 67 kilograms.

Julyana Al-Sadeq of Jordan won the gold medal to become the first female gold medalists from her country in the history of the Asian Games. She beat Kim Jan-di of South Korea 5–1 in the final.

Top seed Zhang Mengyu from China and Nigora Tursunkulova from Uzbekistan both lost in the semifinal, finished third and won the bronze medal together.

Nigora Tursunkulova
Nigora Tursunkulova (born 4 April 1999) is an Uzbekistani taekwondo athlete.

She represented Uzbekistan at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, where she finished tied for ninth in the women's 67 kg, and at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo where she finished eleventh in the same event. At age 17, she was the youngest competitor at the 2016 taekwondo Olympic tournament.

Tursunkulova was one of the two flag bearers for Uzbekistan, along with boxer Bakhodir Jalolov, in the opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics.
1987 Taipei Women's Championships – Doubles
Lea Antonoplis and Barbara Gerken were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Sandy Collins and Sharon Walsh-Pete.

Cammy MacGregor and Cynthia MacGregor won the title by defeating Collins and Walsh-Pete 7–6(10–8), 5–7, 6–4 in the final.

Barbara Gerken
Barbara Gerken (born July 3, 1964) is a former American international tennis player who was a quarterfinalist at the 1981 US Open. She had a career record of 66–78. She had a career high singles ranking of world No. 55 in June 1987.
Chechen Autonomous Oblast
Chechen Autonomous Oblast (Chechen: Нохчийн автономин область, romanized: Noxçiyn avtonomin oblast; Russian: Чеченская автономная область, romanized: Chechenskaya avtonomnaya oblast'), or Autonomous Oblast of Chechnya (Russian: автономная область Чечни, romanized: avtonomnaya oblast' Chechni), was an autonomous oblast of the Russian SFSR, created on November 30, 1922 when it was separated from the Mountain ASSR on the advice of Anastas Mikoyan. From 16 October 1924 it belonged to the North Caucasus Krai.

On January 15, 1934, the Chechen and Ingush Autonomous Oblasts were merged to form the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Oblast.

Chechen language
Chechen (Нохчийн, Noxçiyn, [ˈnɔxt͡ʃĩː]) is a Northeast Caucasian language, spoken primarily by the Chechen people, native to the Russian republic of Chechnya, as well as its neighbouring republics. With approximately 1.8 million speakers, it is also spoken by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of the world.
Francesco Conconi
Francesco Conconi (born 19 April 1935) is an Italian sports doctor and scientist, with disciples such as Michele Ferrari and Luigi Cecchini. Conconi is a professor at the University of Ferrara in Italy, where he heads the Centro Studi Biomedici Applicati allo Sport or Biomedical Research Institute. His research focused on tracing techniques for doping substances, but he is better known for his doping activities and is said to have introduced Erythropoietin or EPO to the sport of cycling. Conconi is most famous for having prepared Francesco Moser for his successful attempt to break the world hour record in Mexico, 1984.

Conconi test
The Conconi Test is a sports medicine test intended to measure an individual's maximum anaerobic and aerobic threshold heart rates.

The test measures a person's heart rate at different loads (e.g. faster speeds on a treadmill). The points are plotted on a graph with heart rate on one axis and power (or some correlated measurement such as running speed) on the other axis; the graph's deflection point indicates the aerobic threshold. The heart rate increases (approximately) linearly up to the deflection point, where the heart rate reaches AT (also known as LT, lactate threshold, in more modern nomenclature). The test continues for a while, under increasing load, until the subject has gone well past the anaerobic threshold.
Samantha Fett
Samantha Fett is an American politician. She serves as a Republican member for the 22nd district in the Iowa House of Representatives since 2025.

She is a member of the committees on Education, Agriculture, Judiciary and Education Budget.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.