hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
E. coli nitroreductase
E. coli nitroreductase is a flavoprotein found in the bacteria Escherichia coli. It catalyses the reduction of nitro groups in a wide range of substrates to produce the corresponding hydroxylamine. Although its role in vivo is unclear, it has been identified as useful in the metabolism of a number of prodrugs in anti-cancer gene therapy.

There are at least two oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases in E. coli. The major one is NfsA (P17117, EC 1.7.1.B3). The other is NfsB (P38489, EC 1.5.1.34).

Nitro compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, C−H bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution.  Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid.
Koji Yamamuro
Koji Yamamuro (山室 光史, Yamamuro Kōji; born January 17, 1989 in Koga, Ibaraki) is a Japanese gymnast. He has won two Olympic medals in the men's artistic team all-around – silver in 2012 (London) and gold in 2016 (Rio de Janeiro).

Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held in three categories: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining. All gymnastics events were staged at the Arena Olímpica do Rio from 6 to 21 August 2016.
Buffalo Southern Railroad
The Buffalo Southern Railroad (reporting mark BSOR) is a class III railroad operating in western New York.

The BSOR is locally owned and operates in the Buffalo area.  It should not be confused with the South Buffalo Railway which is a separate railroad.

The BSOR operates on 32 miles of track owned by Erie County, New York and leased from the Erie County Industrial Development Agency. The line runs south from Buffalo, New York to Gowanda, New York servicing the villages of Hamburg and North Collins along the way.

It interchanges with Norfolk Southern Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian Pacific Railway, Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad and the New York and Lake Erie Railroad. The rail line intersects Norfolk Southern at a diamond in the village of Blasdell near Lake Avenue.

Level junction
A level junction (or in the United Kingdom a flat crossing) is a railway junction that has a track configuration in which merging or crossing railroad lines provide track connections with each other that require trains to cross over in front of opposing traffic at grade (i.e. on the level).

The cross-over structure is sometimes called a diamond junction or diamond crossing in reference to the diamond-shaped center. The two tracks need not necessarily be of the same gauge.
A diamond crossing is also used as a component of a double junction, like the one illustrated on the right.

The opposite of a level junction is a flying junction, where individual tracks rise or fall to pass over or under other tracks.
2017 Rally Poland
The 2017 Rally Poland was the eighth round of the 2017 World Rally Championship and was the 74th running of the Rally Poland. Thierry Neuville and Nicolas Gilsoul won the rally.

Ole Christian Veiby won the WRC-2 category for the first time, with WRC-2 championship leader Pontus Tidemand finishing second.

Pontus Tidemand
Pontus Johan Tidemand (born 10 December 1990) is a Swedish rally and  rallycross driver. He is the 2017 WRC-2 champion and a previous M-Sport and Škoda Motorsport driver. Pontus is the son of Swedish rally driver Tomas Tidemand and ex-rally co-driver Maud Solberg, nowadays the wife of Norwegian rally driver Henning Solberg.
The Mind of Mr. J. G. Reeder
The Mind of Mr. J. G. Reeder is a collection of short stories by the English crime writer Edgar Wallace, published in 1925.

The stories, which concern a former police officer working for the Director of Public Prosecutions, are:

"Sheer Melodrama" (also published as "The Man from the East")

"The Green Mamba" (also published as "The Dangerous Reptile")

"The Investors"

"The Poetical Policeman" (also published as "The Strange Case of the Night Watchman" or "The Poet Policeman")

"The Stealer of Marble"

"The Strange Case" (also published as "The Weak Spot")

"The Treasure Hunt"

"The Troupe" (also published as "A Place on the River")

In the United States the book was titled The Murder Book of Mr. J. G. Reeder and the stories were presented in a different order:

"The Poetical Policeman"

"The Treasure Hunt"

"The Troupe"

"The Stealer of Marble"

"Sheer Melodrama"

"The Green Mamba"

"The Strange Case"

"The Investors"

Director of Public Prosecutions
The Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) is the office or official charged with the prosecution of criminal offences in several criminal jurisdictions around the world. The title is used mainly in jurisdictions that are or have been members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Maza Pravas
Maza Pravas: 1857 cya Bandaci Hakikat (or Majha Pravas, which translates into English as "My Travels: the Story of the 1857 Mutiny") is a Marathi travelogue written by Vishnubhat Godse, who travelled on foot from Varsai, a village near Pen (in what is now the state of Maharashtra, in India), to the central and northern parts of India during 1857-1858, and witnessed several incidents of what he calls "The Mutiny of 1857", also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

During his travel, he witnessed the events at Mhow, worked for the Rani of Jhansi for a few months, and witnessed the defeat of Jhansi, visited Ayodhya, eventually returning penniless to his village. Apart from his encounters of the mutiny, he also visited most of the Hindu holy places.

Mhow
Mhow, officially Dr. Ambedkar Nagar, is a town in the Indore district in Madhya Pradesh state of India. It is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Indore city, towards Mumbai on the old -Agra Mumbai Road. It is the birthplace of  B. R. Ambedkar after whom in 2003, the Government of Madhya Pradesh renamed the town Dr. Ambedkar Nagar, a social political and economic reformer and town native.
Acarnan
In Greek mythology, Acarnan (Ancient Greek: Ἀκαρνάν; genitive Ἀκαρνᾶνος derived from ἀκαρνάν akarnan 'laurel' or 'thistle') was the name of these two characters:

Acarnan, son of Alcmaeon and Callirrhoe.

Acarnan, one of the Suitors of Penelope who came from Dulichium along with other 56 wooers. He, with the other suitors, was slain by Odysseus with the aid of Eumaeus, Philoetius, and Telemachus.

Dulichium
Dulichium (/d(j)ʊˈlɪkiəm/ dew-LICK-ee-əm; Ancient Greek: Δουλίχιον, Doulíkhion), also called Dolicha (/ˈdɒlɪkə/ DOLL-ick-ə; Δολίχα, Dolíkhā) or Doliche (/ˈdɒlɪˌkiː/ DOLL-ih-KEE; Δολίχη, Dolíkhē), was a place noted by numerous ancient writers that was either a city on, or an island off, the Ionian Sea coast of Acarnania, Greece.
Santisima Trinidad (Taiwan)
Santísima Trinidad (meaning "Holy Trinity") was a bay on the northeast coast of Taiwan at Keelung, where in 1626 the Spanish established a settlement and built Fort San Salvador. They occupied the site until 1642 when they were driven out by the Dutch. The Dutch remodelled the Spanish fort, reduced its size and renamed it Fort Noort-Holland.

In 1661, Koxinga, a Southern Ming loyalist, with 400 warships and 25,000 men laid siege to the main Dutch fortress (Zeelandia in Anping). The Dutch garrison of 2000 soldiers withdrew from Fort Noort-Holland when it became clear that no reinforcements were forthcoming from Zeelandia or Batavia (present day Jakarta, Indonesia).

In 1663, the Dutch returned to Keelung, retook the fort, strengthened and enlarged it and kept it until 1668, when they voluntarily abandoned it, as the trade in Keelung was not what they expected it to be.

Anping District
22°59′36.52″N 120°9′53.47″E﻿ / ﻿22.9934778°N 120.1648528°E﻿ / 22.9934778; 120.1648528

Anping District is a district of Tainan, Taiwan. In March 2012, it was named one of the Top 10 Small Tourist Towns by the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan. It is home to 64,408 people according to the 2020 census.
Mimico Correctional Centre
The Mimico Correctional Centre was a provincial medium-security correctional facility for adult male inmates serving a sentence of 2-years-less-a-day or less in Ontario, Canada. Its history can be traced back to 1887. The Mimico Correctional Centre is one of several facilities operated by the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services and was located at 130 Horner Avenue in the district of Etobicoke which is now a part of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The facility was closed in 2011 and demolished to make room for the new Toronto South Detention Centre which opened in 2014.

NW perimeter looking SE

SW perimeter looking NE

Industrial buildings prior to being demolished to make way for the new detention centre

Prisoner
A prisoner, also known as an inmate or detainee, is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will. This can be by confinement or captivity in a prison or physical restraint. The term usually applies to one serving a sentence in prison.
Ehrman
Ehrman is a surname. Notable persons with the name include:

Bart D. Ehrman (born 1955), American Biblical scholar

John Ehrman (1920–2011), British historian

Lee Ehrman (born 1935), American geneticist

Marli Ehrman (1904–1982), German-American textile artist

Riccardo Ehrman (1929–2021), Italian journalist

Sara Ehrman (1919–2017), American political activist

William Ehrman (born 1950), retired British diplomat and intelligence officer

Bart D. Ehrman
Bart Denton Ehrman (born October 5, 1955) is an American New Testament scholar whose research focuses on the textual criticism of the New Testament, the historical Jesus, and the origins and development of early Christianity. He is the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is the author or editor of more than 30 books, including six New York Times bestsellers, and has created nine lecture series with The Great Courses. Ehrman also runs a membership blog whose proceeds support charities that address hunger and homelessness. As of March 2025, the blog had reportedly raised more than $3 million.
Bardonecchia railway station
Bardonecchia railway station (Italian: Stazione di Bardonecchia) serves the town and comune of Bardonecchia, in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. The station is a through station of the Turin-Modane railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia and SNCF.

Since 2012 it has served line SFM3, part of the Turin metropolitan railway service.

Turin Metropolitan Railway Service
The Turin Metropolitan Railway Service (Italian: Servizio Ferroviario Metropolitano), simply known as SFM, is a commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Turin, Italy. The system comprises 6 lines operated by Trenitalia, serving 93 stations.

The core of the system is the passante ferroviario, a tunnel running 8 km through the city from north to south at a maximum depth of 18 meters. The tunnel allows passengers to travel from Torino Stura station to Torino Lingotto station in 15 minutes.
Gerald Backhouse
Gerald Ian d'Acres Backhouse (6 December 1912 – 28 December 1941) was an Australian athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1936 he finished eighth in the Olympic 800-metre event. In the 1500 metre competition he was eliminated in the first round.

At the 1938 Empire Games he won the silver medal in the 1 mile contest. In the 880 yards event he finished seventh.

During World War II Gerald Backhouse was a sergeant in the Royal Australian Air Force, serving on attachment with the Royal Air Force. He died in a practice bombing flight in England on 28 December 1941. He was buried at Sulloth (Causeway Head) Cemetery, Holme Low, Cumberland, England.

Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres event at the 1936 Summer Olympic Games took place between August 2 and August 4. Forty-two athletes from 23 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The final was won by American John Woodruff.

Woodruff's win broke a streak of four British victories in the 800 metres and started a streak of four American victories. (Great Britain missed the podium entirely.) It was the United States' first title in the event since 1912, and fourth overall. Mario Lanzi's silver was Italy's second medal in the event, after another silver in 1908. Phil Edwards repeated his bronze performance from 1932, becoming the third man to win a second medal in the 800 metres.
John Sharkey, Baron Sharkey
John Kevin Sharkey, Baron Sharkey (born 24 September 1947) is a British Liberal Democrat politician. He was chairman of the Liberal Democrat General Election campaign during the 2010 United Kingdom general election and director of the YES! To Fairer Votes campaign during the 2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum.  He had previously been appointed as Nick Clegg's advisor on strategic communications in January 2008.

He is also a former joint managing director of Saatchi & Saatchi UK, founder and director of Sharkey Associates Ltd. and a trustee and honorary treasurer of the Hansard Society. He was created a Life Peer as Baron Sharkey, of Niton Undercliff in the County of the Isle of Wight on 20 December 2010.

Puckaster
Puckaster (also known as Niton Undercliff or Lower Niton) is a hamlet in the civil parish of Niton and Whitwell, on sloping cliffs on the Isle of Wight, England, in the Undercliff region. Puckaster is on the southern coast of the Isle of Wight, south of Niton, between St Catherine's Point and Binnel. It has historical significance.
Luis de Guzmán Ponce de Leon
Luis de Guzmán Ponce de Leon, (Marchena, 11 June 1605 – Milan, 29 March 1668), Count-consort  of Villaverde, was a Spanish noble, military and diplomat. From 1662 until his death, he was Governor of the Duchy of Milan.

Marchena, Spain
Marchena is a town in the Province of Seville in Andalusia, Spain. From ancient times to the present, Marchena has come under the rule of various powers. Marchena is a service center for its surrounding agricultural lands of olive orchards and fields of cereal crops. It is also a center for the processing of olives and other primary products. Marchena is a town of historic and cultural heritage. Attractions include the Church of San Juan Bautista within the Moorish town walls and the Arco de la Rosa (Arch of the Rose). The town is associated with the folkloric tradition of Flamenco. It is the birthplace of artists including Pepe Marchena and Melchor de Marchena, guitarist. their dukes are descendants of the house of bourbon-braganza.
Bellevue, Western Australia
Bellevue is an eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia in the local government areas of the City of Swan and the Shire of Mundaring. It is at the foot of the slopes of Greenmount, a landmark on the Darling Scarp that is noted in the earliest of travel journals of the early Swan River Colony.

Shire of Mundaring
The Shire of Mundaring is a local government area in eastern metropolitan Perth, the capital of Western Australia. The Shire covers an area of 645 square kilometres (249 sq mi) and had a population of approximately 38,000 as at the 2016 Census.
De Miseria Condicionis Humane
De Miseria Condicionis Humane (English: On the wretchedness of the human condition), also known as Liber de contemptu mundi, sive De miseria humanae conditionis, is a twelfth-century religious text written in Latin by Cardinal Lotario dei Conti di Segni, later Pope Innocent III.

12th century
The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar.  
In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the "'Golden Age' of the Cistercians". The Golden Age of Islam experienced significant development, particularly in Islamic Spain.

In Song dynasty China, an invasion by Jurchens caused a political schism of north and south. The Khmer Empire of Cambodia flourished during this century, while the Fatimids of Egypt were overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty. Following the expansions of the Ghaznavids and Ghurid Empire, the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent took place at the end of the century.
Ras Matbakh
Ras Matbakh (Arabic: راس مطبخ, romanized: Ra's al Maţbakh) is a settlement in Qatar located in the municipality of Al Khor. It consists of a cape extending into the Persian Gulf. Large concentrations of mangroves (Avicennia marina) are located off its coast.

It is located to the northeast of Al Khor City and to the southeast of Al Thakhira.

Municipalities of Qatar
Since 2015, Qatar has been divided into eight municipalities. In 2004, a new municipality, Al Daayen, was created under Resolution No. 13, formed from parts of Umm Salal and Al Khawr; at the same time, Al Ghuwariyah was merged with Al Khawr; Al Jumaliyah was merged with Ar Rayyan; Jarayan al Batnah was split between Al Rayyan and Al Wakrah; and Mesaieed was merged with Al Wakrah. In 2014, the western city of Al-Shahaniya split off from Al Rayyan Municipality to form its own municipality.

For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 98 zones (as of 2015), which are in turn subdivided into districts and blocks, the latter being the lowest subdivision.
Aztatlan
Aztatlán is a pre-Hispanic culture and trade tradition in Mesoamerica that occurred during the Post-classic period, from around AD 850 to 1350+. The Aztatlán region spanned the modern Mexican states of Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Jalisco as well as some portions of Durango, Zacatecas, and Michoacán. Elites living in the coastal and highland began having marriage alliances which facilitated the trade of prestige goods between the two areas. Colorful feathers, cacao, cotton, obsidian, and maguey-fiber were commonly traded.

There
is some confusion as to if Aztatlán represents the mythical Aztlán, but without any evidence, there is no scientific basis to associate these two words.  One is used for scholarly studies about a specific culture, one as a mystical place of origin.  Aztatlán-style archeological artifacts dated to 900 AD were discovered in 2022 around Mazatlán (place of deer).

Aztlán
Aztlán (from Nahuatl languages: Aztlán, Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈast͡ɬãːn̥] ⓘ) is the ancestral home of the Aztec peoples. The word "Aztec" was derived from the Nahuatl aztecah, meaning "people from Aztlán." Aztlán is mentioned in several ethnohistorical sources dating from the colonial period, and while each cites varying lists of the different tribal groups who participated in the migration from Aztlán to central Mexico, the Mexica who later founded Mexico-Tenochtitlan are mentioned in all of the accounts.

Historians have speculated about the possible location of Aztlán and tend to place it either in northwestern Mexico or the Southwestern United States, although whether Aztlán represents a real location or a mythological one is a matter of debate.
2018 Croatia Open Umag – Singles
Andrey Rublev was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Robin Haase. This was Rublev's first tournament back on tour after missing three months due to a stress fracture in his back.

Marco Cecchinato won the title, defeating Guido Pella in the final, 6–2, 7–6(7–4).

Martin Kližan
Martin Kližan (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈmartiŋ ˈkliʐan]; born 11 July 1989) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 24, achieved on 27 April 2015, and No. 73 in doubles, achieved on 4 May 2015. He won the 2006 French Open Junior singles title.
Medicine (Shakira song)
"Medicine" is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira. It was released as promotional single from her tenth studio album Shakira (2014). Featuring guest vocals from American country music singer Blake Shelton, the song was performed on the 49th Annual Academy of Country Music Awards on April 6, 2014, and spent one week on the country charts at number 57 from unsolicited airplay. The song was written by Shakira alongside Mark Bright and Hillary Lindsey, while the production was handled by Shakira and busbee.

Upon release of the album, "Medicine" debuted (and peaked) on the US Country Airplay chart at number 57 for the week April 12, 2014, giving Shakira her first song to appear on the chart. It also reached the top 20 in Lebanon.

Country Airplay
Country Airplay is a chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States since October 20, 2012, although the magazine also retrospectively recognizes the Hot Country Songs charts from January 20, 1990, through October 13, 2012, as part of the history of the Country Airplay listing.  The chart lists the 60 most-listened-to records played on 150 mainstream country radio stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS, weighted to each station's Nielsen ratings.

The first number-one song actually published under the Country Airplay banner was "Take a Little Ride" by Jason Aldean; but as Billboard also recognizes the history of the Hot Country Songs chart since 1990 as part of this chart, the magazine recognizes the first chart-topper as "Nobody's Home" by Clint Black.
FIB Champions Cup
FIB Champions Cup (or Edsbyn Champions Cup) is an international (pre-season) bandy tournament held annually in September on indoor Dina-Arena in Edsbyn, Sweden from 2004 when 8 strongest clubs from Sweden (6 from Elitserien) and Russia (2) competed for the cup for the first time. Next year the format was changed expanding the number of participants to 12 (eight Swedish and four Russian). Russian champions Vodnik (in 2005) and Dynamo Moscow (2005, 2007, 2009) did not participate in the tournament – vacancies were filled by other Swedish clubs, and, once by Tornio (ToPV) (2005) from Finland.

Elitserien (bandy)
The Elitserien (literally, the "Elite League") (Swedish: Elitserien i bandy) is since the 2007–08 season the highest bandy league in Sweden. It consists of 14 teams. The season ends with one final game in March. The final was held at Studenternas IP in Uppsala from 1991 until 2012. In 2013 and 2014 the final was played at Friends Arena in Solna, and from 2015 to 2017 it was played at the Tele2 Arena. The final returned to 4,600-capacity Studenternas IP indoor stadium in 2018.
SELCHP
South East London Combined Heat and Power, better known as SELCHP, is a major energy from waste incineration plant in Bermondsey, London. It was designed to generate both heat and electricity. The plant can generate up to 35 MegaWatts of power using a steam turbine in electricity only mode. It can incinerate up to 420,000 tonnes per year of municipal solid waste.

Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'