hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ubaldo Arata
Ubaldo Arata (23 March 1895 – 7 December 1947) was an Italian cinematographer. Arata worked on more than a hundred films between 1918 and his death in 1947. Arata entered cinema in the silent era and worked prolifically during the 1920s including on one of the final entries into the long running Maciste series. He was employed on the first Italian sound film The Song of Love (1930). Until the fall of Fascism, he was one of the leading Italian cinematographers working on propaganda films such as Scipione l'africano (Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal, 1937) and Luciano Serra, Pilot (1938) as well as more straightforward entertainment films.

Arata worked with Roberto Rossellini on the 1945 neorealist drama Rome, Open City. He was instrumental in securing the backing of the distribution company Minerva Film for the production's release. Following the Second World War, Arata worked on several co-productions with Britain and the United States.

Fall of the fascist regime in Italy
The fall of the fascist regime in Italy, also known in Italy as 25 Luglio (Italian: Venticinque Luglio, pronounced [ˌventiˈtʃiŋkwe ˈluʎʎo]; lit. '25 July'), came as a result of parallel plots led respectively by Dino Grandi and King Victor Emmanuel III during the spring and summer of 1943, culminating with a successful vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Benito Mussolini at the meeting of the Grand Council of Fascism on 24–25 July 1943. The vote, although significant, had no de jure value, since by law in the Italian constitutional monarchy the prime minister was responsible for his actions only to the king, who was the only one who could dismiss him. Nevertheless, as a result, a new government was established, putting an end to the almost 21 years of Fascist rule in the Kingdom of Italy, and Mussolini was placed under arrest.
Pietro Sambi
Pietro Sambi (27 June 1938 – 27 July 2011) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1969 until his death in 2011. He had the rank of archbishop and the title of nuncio from 1985, fulfilling assignments in Burundi, Indonesia, Cyprus, Israel, Jerusalem and Palestine, and the United States.

Secretariat of State (Holy See)
The Secretariat of State (Latin: Secretaria Status; Italian: Segreteria di Stato) is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the central papal governing bureaucracy of the Catholic Church. It is headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State and performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See. The Secretariat is divided into three sections: the Section for General Affairs, the Section for Relations with States, and, since 2017, the Section for Diplomatic Staff.
Banach measure
In the mathematical discipline of measure theory, a Banach measure is a certain way to assign a size (or area) to all subsets of the Euclidean plane, consistent with but extending the commonly used Lebesgue measure. While there are certain subsets of the plane which are not Lebesgue measurable, all subsets of the plane have a Banach measure. On the other hand, the Lebesgue measure is countably additive while a Banach measure is only finitely additive (and is therefore known as a "content").

Stefan Banach proved the existence of Banach measures in 1923. This established in particular that paradoxical decompositions as provided by the Banach-Tarski paradox in Euclidean space R3 cannot exist in the Euclidean plane R2.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
IBM System R
IBM System R is a database system built as a research project at IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory beginning in 1974, led by Edgar Codd, to implement his ideas on relational databases. System R was a seminal project as the first implementation of SQL, which has since become the standard relational data query language. It was also the first system to demonstrate that a relational database could provide good transaction processing performance. Design decisions in System R, as well as some fundamental algorithm choices (such as the dynamic programming algorithm used in query optimization), influenced many later relational systems.

System R's first customer was Pratt & Whitney in 1977. Not running on Unix hurt its popularity.

Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies). Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation (especially airliners) and military aviation. Its headquarters are in East Hartford, Connecticut. The company is the world's second largest commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with a 35% market share as of 2020. In addition to aircraft engines, Pratt & Whitney manufactures gas turbine engines for industrial use, marine propulsion, and power generation. In 2017, the company reported that it supported more than 11,000 customers in 180 countries around the world.
Flightstar Sportplanes
Flightstar Sportplanes was an American aircraft manufacturer based in South Woodstock, Connecticut. Its primary product was the Flightstar line of ultralight and two-seat training and light-sport aircraft, which were produced continuously from the mid-1980s. The company also distributed two other manufacturer's aircraft lines, engines and aviation products. The company business was wound up in 2009 and the Flightstar line sold to Yuneec International of China.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.
2022 AVC Women's Challenge Cup
The 2022 AVC Women's Challenge Cup, in coincidence with the 21st Princess Cup Volleyball Championship, was the third edition of the AVC Women's Challenge Cup, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC), in that year with the Thailand Volleyball Association (TVA). The tournament was held in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, from 24 to 29 June 2022.

Asian Volleyball Confederation
The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is one of five continental governing bodies in volleyball. It governs indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, and other disciplines in Asia and Oceania, excluding the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey, as well as the West Asian countries of Armenia, Cyprus, and Israel. The AVC consists of 65 national association members.

The AVC consists of the national volleyball federations of Asia and Oceania, and club competitions including the Asian Volleyball Championships, Nations Cup, and Champions League, and also controls the prize money, regulations, as well as media rights to those competitions.

Masaichi Nishikawa acted as the first president. The current president is Ramon Suzara, a Philippine National Volleyball Federation president, who was elected as AVC's ninth president at the 25th AVC General Assembly in Bangkok in August 2024.
Saratoga Dew Stakes
The Saratoga Dew Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually at the end of August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. Restricted to New York bred  fillies and Mares, age three or older, it is contested on dirt over a distance of one and one eight miles (9 furlongs).

Inaugurated in 2004, the race is named for the New York–bred filly Saratoga Dew, a multiple Grade 1 winner on NYRA tracks who was voted the 1992 Eclipse Award as the American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly. The race was later renamed the Johnstone Mile.

Eclipse Award
The Eclipse Award is an American Thoroughbred horse racing award named after the 18th-century British racehorse and sire, Eclipse.

An Eclipse Award Trophy is presented to the winner in each division. The trophy is made by a few small selected American foundries with expertise in studio bronze casting. It is then mounted on the hand-crafted native Kentucky walnut base to comprise the Eclipse Award on which a brass plate recites the award winner.

The equivalent award in Australia is the Australian Thoroughbred racing awards, in Canada the Sovereign Awards, and in Europe, the Cartier Racing Awards.
Karl Vanlouwe
Karl Vanlouwe (born 22 October 1970 in Nieuwpoort, Belgium) is a Belgian politician and is affiliated to the N-VA. He was elected as a member of the Belgian Senate in 2010. Since 2015 he is a member of the European Alliance Group at the European Committee of the Regions.

European Committee of the Regions
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the European Union's (EU) assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities (i.e. regions, counties, provinces, municipalities and cities) with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework.

Established in 1994, the CoR was set up to address two main issues. First, about three quarters of EU legislation is implemented at local or regional level, so local and regional representatives needed to have a say in the development of new EU laws. Second, there were concerns about a widening gap between the public and the process of European integration; involving the elected level of government closest to the citizens was one way of closing the gap.
TV tuner card
A TV tuner card is a kind of television tuner that allows television signals to be received by a computer. Most TV tuners also function as video capture cards, allowing them to record television programs onto a hard disk much like the digital video recorder (DVR) does.

The interfaces for TV tuner cards are most commonly either PCI bus expansion card or the newer PCI Express (PCIe) bus for many modern cards, but PCMCIA, ExpressCard, or USB devices also exist. In addition, some video cards double as TV tuners, notably the ATI All-In-Wonder series. The card contains a tuner and an analog-to-digital converter (collectively known as the analog front end) along with demodulation and interface logic. Some lower-end cards lack an onboard processor and, like a Winmodem, rely on the system's CPU for demodulation.

Softmodem
A software modem, commonly referred to as a softmodem, is a modem with minimal hardware that uses software running on the host computer, and the computer's resources (especially the central processing unit, random access memory, and sometimes audio processing), in place of the hardware in a conventional modem.

Softmodems are also sometimes called winmodems due to limited support for platforms other than Windows. By analogy, a linmodem is a softmodem that can run on Linux.

Softmodems are sometimes used as an example of a hard real-time system. The audio signals to be transmitted must be computed on a tight interval (on the order of every 5 or 10 milliseconds); they cannot be computed in advance, and they cannot be late or the receiving modem will lose synchronization.
Mike Krieger
Michel Krieger (born March 4, 1986) is a Brazilian entrepreneur and software engineer who co-founded Instagram in 2010 with Kevin Systrom, and served as its chief technology officer (CTO) until 2018. During Krieger's tenure as CTO, Instagram's user base expanded from a few million to 1 billion monthly active users. After that, he co-launched two more products, "Rt.live" and Artifact, with Systrom. Since 2024, he has been at Anthropic.

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Notukeu (electoral district)
Notukeu (/ˈnɒtəkjuː/) was a provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, located south of Old Wives Lake. This district was created before the 3rd provincial election in 1912 as "Pinto Creek", after the rural municipality and the creek that flows through it. Redrawn and renamed "Notukeu" for the 1917 provincial election, the constituency was dissolved and combined with the Willow Bunch district (as Notukeu-Willow Bunch) before the 9th provincial election in 1938.

It is now part of the Wood River constituency.

1912 Saskatchewan general election
The 1912 Saskatchewan general election was held on July 11, 1912 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Premier Walter Scott led the Liberal Party of Saskatchewan to a third term in office with a significant increase in the share of the popular vote. The opposition, now renamed from the Provincial Rights Party to the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and led by Wellington Bartley Willoughby, lost both votes and seats in the legislature.
Princess Louise of Orléans
Princess Louise Françoise Marie Laure of Orléans (24 February 1882 – 18 April 1958) was a Princess of the Two-Sicilies and paternal great grandmother of King Felipe VI of Spain.

Louise was the youngest daughter of Philippe d'Orléans, Count of Paris and claimant to the French throne as "Philippe VII". Her mother was Princess Marie Isabelle d'Orléans, daughter of Antoine, Duke of Montpensier, and Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain.

Count of Paris
Count of Paris (French: Comte de Paris) was a title for the local magnate of the district around Paris in Carolingian times. After Hugh Capet was elected King of the Franks in 987, the title merged into the crown and fell into disuse. However, it was later revived by the Orléanist pretenders to the French throne in an attempt to evoke the legacy of Capet and his dynasty.
Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)
The Ram Heavy Duty (also known as the Ram HD) is the 5th generation of the Ram Pickup. Ram Pickup a series of heavy-duty pickup trucks produced by the Ram Trucks division of Stellantis. Slotted above the Ram 1500, the Heavy Duty trucks range from the Ram 2500 to the Ram 5500. The Ram 2500 and Ram 3500 are offered as pickup trucks, while the Ram 3500 through Ram 5500 are offered as chassis cabs.

Introduced in January 2019 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan, the current Ram Heavy Duty trucks are based on the Ram 1500 (DT). Ram Heavy-Duty models are produced at Saltillo Truck Assembly in Saltillo, Mexico.

Chassis cab
A chassis cab, also called a cab chassis or half truck, is a type of vehicle construction, often found in medium duty truck commercial vehicles.

Instead of supplying the customer with a factory pre-assembled flatbed, cargo container, or other equipment, the customer is given the vehicle with just chassis rails and a cab. This allows the customer to add any desired aftermarket equipment, such as fire apparatus, ambulance, or a recreational vehicle conversion package, which can be customized for the specific needs of the customer.

Cutaway van chassis are similar vehicles, but have specific components at the rear whereas chassis cabs usually do not have additional components.

Vehicles of this type are produced by Ford, Chevrolet/GMC, and Ram Trucks.
KTUH
KTUH (90.1 MHz) is a non-commercial, student-run, listener-supported station in Honolulu, Hawaii. It is owned by the University of Hawaiʻi and it broadcasts a freeform radio format.  Programming originates from studios on the campus at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. It runs 24 hours a day, all year round. The station holds periodic fundraisers on the air and also accepts donations on its website.

KTUH has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 7,000 watts. The transmitter is along Telephone Road on Mount Tantalus in Honolulu. Programming is also heard on 95-watt FM translator K216GH on 91.1 MHz in Waialua. KTUH is found on Oceanic Spectrum Cable digital channel 866 for the entire state of Hawaii.

Tantalus (Oahu)
Mount Tantalus (Puʻu ʻōhiʻa): 581, 583, 931  is an extinct cinder cone in the southern Koʻolau Range on the Hawaiian Island of Oʻahu.  It also has a summit crater, Tantalus Crater.  The cinder cone formed after the demise of Koʻolau Volcano, during a time of rejuvenated-stage volcanism in southeastern Oʻahu that also formed Punchbowl Crater, Diamond Head and Koko Head as part of the Honolulu Volcanics.  Tantalus overlooks the modern city of Honolulu, which is built on top of Tantalus cinders.
Starve-fed
In emulsion polymerization, starve-fed refers to a method of monomer addition where the monomer is introduced gradually into the reaction vessel at a rate that allows the majority of monomer to be consumed by the reaction before more is added. The purpose of this method is generally to control the distribution of different monomers into a copolymer. Many monomers have different reaction rates and so, if all the monomers are added to the system at the same time, tend to react in blocks.  This blockiness in the polymer leads to significantly different properties in the final polymer from one with a more statistically random distribution of monomers.

This method is utilized in synthesizing core-shell latex particles by emulsion polymerization, in order to carefully prepare the final structure.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Carpisa
Carpisa is an Italian manufacturer and retailer of luggage, handbags, wallets and accessories, with over 600 outlets worldwide.

Carpisa was founded in 2001, is owned by Kuvera SpA, and has a "franchise network of more than 600 stores in Italy and abroad". Carpisa has been called a "fast fashion brand".

The headquarters building of over 10,000 square meters, the CasaCarpisa, is located in the Nola Interporto, in Nola, Italy.

Nola
Nola is a town and a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, southern Italy. It lies on the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennines. It is traditionally credited as the diocese that introduced bells to Christian worship.
Davídek
Davídek (feminine: Davídková) is a Czech surname. It is a diminutive of the given name David and the surname David. Notable people with the surname include:

Felix Maria Davídek (1921–1988) Czech Roman Catholic bishop

Jolana Matoušková, née Davídková (born 1979), Czech para table tennis player

Martin Davídek (born 1986), Czech ice hockey player

Milan Davídek (born 1998), Czech ice hockey player

Milan Davídek
Milan Davídek (born May 16, 1998) is a Czech professional ice hockey forward currently playing for HC Baník Sokolov.

Davídek previously played 25 games for HC Karlovy Vary during the 2016–17 Czech Extraliga season. He also had loan spells with HC Baník Sokolov and HC Slovan Ústí nad Labem before joining the latter on a permanent contract in 2018.

On July 22, 2020, Davídek joined JHT of the Suomi-sarja.
The Green Man: Tales from the Mythic Forest
The Green Man: Tales from the Mythic Forest is an anthology of fantasy stories edited by Ellen Datlow and Terri Windling. Published by Viking Books in May 2002, the anthology itself won the 2003 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology.

Ellen Datlow
Ellen Datlow (born December 31, 1949) is an American science fiction, fantasy, and horror editor and anthologist. She is a winner of the World Fantasy Award and the Bram Stoker Award (Horror Writers Association).
Neil Thurgood
Neil Jonathan Thurgood (born 18 February 1977) is a former English cricketer. Thurgood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.

In 1999, Thurgood made his debut and his List-A debut for Dorset against Scotland in the 2nd round of the 1999 NatWest Trophy. Thurgood represented the county in 5 List-A matches, with his final List-A match for the county coming against Yorkshire in the 2nd round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.

In 1999, Thurgood made his debut for Dorset in the Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. From 1999 to 2006, he represented the county in 36 Minor Counties Championship matches, with his final match for the county coming against Devon in 2006.

Herefordshire County Cricket Club
Herefordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Herefordshire. The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Herefordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1995 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Alissar Caracalla
Alissar Abdel-Halim Caracalla is a Lebanese dance instructor, choreographer and art director. She is the founder and director of the Orientalist Dance Company and CDS, the Caracalla School of Dance, which is simply known as "Studio Caracalla: L'art de la Danse."
Caracalla is the daughter of Abdel-Halim Caracalla the founder of the Caracalla Dance Theatre.

Dance education
Dance education is a practice whereby students are taught a broad understanding of dance as a form of art and who are trained professionally in many different genres of dance. Dance education consists of specialized dancers who conduct original research for teaching others how to dance. Currently, dance itself is considered an allied form of art and music, thus dance in formal education is closely knit with these disciplines.
Zireklya
Zireklya (Russian: Зирекля; Bashkir: Ерекле, Yerekle) is a rural locality (a village) in Maxyutovsky Selsoviet, Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 186 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Kugarchinsky District
Kugarchinsky District (Russian: Кугарчи́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Күгәрсен районы, romanized: Kügärsen rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders Meleuzovsky District in the north, Burzyansky District in the northeast, Zilairsky District in the east, Zianchurinsky District in the south, Orenburg Oblast in the southwest, and Kuyurgazinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,371 square kilometers (1,302 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mrakovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,444, with the population of Mrakovo accounting for 27.6% of that number.