hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fletcher Nunatak
Fletcher Nunatak (Bulgarian: нунатак Флечър, romanized: nunatak Fletcher, IPA: ['nunɐtak 'flɛt͡ʃər]) is the hill rising to 150 m at the base of the small peninsula ending in Avitohol Point on the north coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It has a partly ice-free area of 0.54 ha extending 100 m in southwest–northeast direction and 60 m in southeast–northwest direction. The nunatak surmounts Hero Bay on the northeast, and is part of the glacial divide between Tundzha Glacier on the southeast and Berkovitsa Glacier on the west. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after the American woman land surveyor Alice Cunningham Fletcher (1838-1923), in association with other names in the area deriving from the early development or use of geodetic instruments and methods.

Tundzha Glacier
Tundzha Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Тунджа, romanized: lednik Tundzha, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈtund͡ʒɐ]) is a glacier on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated east-southeast of Berkovitsa Glacier, west of Saedinenie Snowfield, northwest of Pimpirev Glacier, north of Kamchiya Glacier, and east-northeast of Verila Glacier. It is bounded by Snow Peak to the west, Teres Ridge to the east and the glacial divide between the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait to the south. The glacier extends 7.5 nautical miles (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) in east-west direction and 2.4 nautical miles (4.4 km; 2.8 mi) in the north-south direction, and drains northwards into Hero Bay between Avitohol Point and Siddins Point.

The feature was named after the Tundzha River in Bulgaria.
Paul Angoulvent
Paul-Joseph Angoulvent (21 April 1899, at Le Mans – 27 July 1976, near Auxerre) was a French museum curator and publisher trained at the HEC Paris.  He transformed and directed the Presses Universitaires de France (PUF) beginning in 1934.

HEC Paris
HEC Paris (French: École des hautes études commerciales de Paris, lit. 'Paris School of Advanced Business Studies') is a business school and grande école located in Jouy-en-Josas, a southwestern outer suburb of Paris, France. It offers Bachelor, MiM, MSc in International Finance, MBA, EMBA, executive education, professional development, professional certification, and PhD programs.
Star Wars: Lost Stars
Star Wars: Lost Stars is a 2015 young adult science fiction novel by Claudia Gray set in the Star Wars universe. The book is set before, during, and after the events of the Star Wars original trilogy (A New Hope, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi), in which the Galactic Empire has tightened its stranglehold on systems in the Outer Rim while the Rebel Alliance also grows in strength.

The novel depicts the story of two childhood friends, Ciena Ree and Thane Kyrell, who end up on opposite sides of the conflict: Thane defects to the Rebel Alliance, while Ciena stays in the Galactic Empire. While the two struggle to reconcile their loyalty to the organizations with their friendship with each other, a romance blossoms between the two.

Star Wars in other media
Star Wars has been expanded to other media since the eponymous 1977 film, including many books, comic books, and video games, as well as other forms such as audio dramas. Licensed and moderated by Lucasfilm, these derivative works have been produced concurrently with, between, and after the original, prequel, and sequel trilogies, as well as the spin-off films and television series.

Star Wars creator George Lucas reserved the right to draw from and contradict spin-off media in his own works. Non-film material produced before 2014, with the exception of the animated The Clone Wars TV series, was collectively known as the Star Wars Expanded Universe (EU). On April 25, 2014, Lucasfilm—which had been acquired by Disney—renamed the Expanded Universe Star Wars Legends and declared it non-canonical to the franchise. Since then, most but not all new Star Wars works have been part of the official Lucasfilm canon.
FlyJaya
FlyJaya  is a regional airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. Originally established as Surya Airways, it was rebranded in 2024 as "FlyJaya", the airline's operations launched on 3 July 2025, with its inaugural route connecting Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in Jakarta to Adisutjipto Airport in Yogyakarta.

FlyJaya has stated that it aims to improve air connectivity across Indonesia’s archipelago, especially to underserved cities and regions. The company's launch was backed by the government of Indonesia.

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).
Streptococcus thermophilus
Streptococcus thermophilus formerly known as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus is a gram-positive bacterium, and a fermentative facultative anaerobe, of the viridans group. It tests negative for cytochrome, oxidase, and catalase, and positive for alpha-hemolytic activity. It is non-motile and does not form endospores. S. thermophilus is fimbriated.

It is also classified as a lactic acid bacterium. S. thermophilus is found in fermented milk products and is generally used in the production of yogurt, alongside Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. The two species are synergistic, and S. thermophilus probably provides L. d. bulgaricus with folic acid and formic acid, which it uses for purine synthesis.
S. thermophilus has an optimal growth temperature range of 35–42 °C (95–108 °F), while L. d. bulgaricus has an optimal range of 43–46 °C (109–115 °F).

Purine
Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together. It is water-soluble. Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers. They are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycles in nature.
Georgeson
Georgeson is a surname of English origin. It is a patronymic form of the name George. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Christian Georgeson (1851–1931), agronomist, born on Langeland, Denmark

Chelsea Georgeson (born 1983), Australian surfer who won the world title in 2005

Noah Georgeson (born 1975), American musician, producer, and solo recording artist

Roddy Georgeson (born 1948), Egyptian former footballer

Rosemary Georgeson, Canadian multi-media artist

Tom Georgeson (born 1937), British actor, known for his television and film work

Chelsea Georgeson
Chelsea Georgeson (now Chelsea Hedges, born 15 October 1983) Archived 17 March 2006 at the Wayback Machine is an Australian surfer who won the 2005 world title. She won the title after beating Brazil's Jacqueline Silva in the final at the season-ending event at Honolua Bay, Hawaii. She started surfing at the age of 13.
Guo Lusheng
Guo Lusheng (Chinese: 郭路生, born 1948 Shandong), pen name Shi Zhi (食指, index finger), was an influential Chinese poet of the 1960s, considered the "founder of the New Poetry movement".

His poems were the first to break with the Mao Zedong-style classicist poetry, expressing the "bewilderment of the Red Guard generation".  Young readers spread his poems widely in hand-copied form, and he was one of the mascots of the sent-down youth generation - educated youth who were sent to the countryside during the cultural revolution.  This underground poetry movement continued over the next 30 years, and he inspired several modern movements including the Misty poets.

Sent-down youth
Sent-down, rusticated, or educated youth (Chinese: 下乡青年), also known as the zhiqing, were young people who left the urban districts of the People's Republic of China (willingly or under coercion) to live and work in rural areas as part of the Down to the Countryside Movement from the 1950s to the end of the Cultural Revolution.
Most young people who went to the rural communities had received a primary- or secondary-school education, and only a small minority had reached the post-secondary (or university) level.
Stratford Toney Down
Stratford Toney Down (grid reference SU095246) is a 23.1 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, England, which was notified in 1987. The site lies in a shallow dry valled in the south of Stratford Tony parish, about 5 miles (7.5 km) south-west of Salisbury. It is important for the botanically rich chalk grassland – mainly sheep's fescue and meadow oat-grass – which supports several nationally rare plant and butterfly species.

Salisbury
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee, locally /ˈsɔːzbəri/ SAWZ-bər-ee) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from Southampton and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from Bath.

Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Line and the Wessex Main Line.

Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) northwest of Salisbury.
Thakurnagar railway station
Thakurnagar (Code: TKNR) is a small railway station in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal on Sealdah–Bangaon line. It serves Thakurnagar. The station consists of two side platforms, which are both very well sheltered. It is located 63 kilometres (39 mi) from the line's terminal, Sealdah.

North 24 Parganas district
North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east.  Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.
Pieter De Somer
Pieter De Somer (22 December 1917 – 17 June 1985) was a Belgian physician and biologist. He studied medicine from 1935 up to 1942 at the Catholic University of Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). He did research and later became a professor at the Department of medicine, where he specialised in microbiology and immunology. In 1968, he became the first rector of the Flemish Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and he remained rector until his death in 1985.

Pieter De Somer founded both the company Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques and the Rega Institute for Medical Research.

On 26 september 1989, an auditorium was built and named after Pieter (Aula Pieter De Somer, in Dutch). Also a statue of him can be found at the entrance of the building.

Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques
Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques (R.I.T.) was founded in Genval, Belgium, as a penicillin factory in 1945 by Dr Pieter De Somer, who later became the founder of the Rega Institute for Medical Research and rector of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). The industrialist Jean Lannoye provided the funding for the company. The company started its vaccine research and production in the 1950s. The present CEO of the company is Roger Connor.

In 1968, the company was acquired by Smith, Kline & French and the name was changed to SmithKline-RIT. In 1989, it became SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, and since 2000 GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.
Marion Lenne
Marion Lenne (born 20 November 1974 in Gardanne) is a French Member of Parliament from La République En Marche! (LREM). She was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the 5th constituency in the department of Haute-Savoie.

In July 2019, Lenne decided not to align with her parliamentary group's majority and became one of 52 LREM members who abstained from a vote on the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada. In 2020, Lenne joined En commun (EC), a group within LREM led by Barbara Pompili.

In the 2022 French legislative election, Lenne stood down. Her constituency was won by Anne-Cécile Violland from Horizons.

Horizons (political party)
Horizons (French: [ɔʁizɔ̃] ⓘ) is a centre-right political party in France founded in October 2021 by Édouard Philippe, at the time mayor of Le Havre and former Prime Minister of France.

The party was created with the purpose of attracting centre-right support for Emmanuel Macron for the 2022 French presidential election. It seeks to appeal to the secular and pro-European right, with a "social calling". Ahead of the 2022 legislative election, it formed a coalition with two other main centrist parties – Democratic Movement (MoDem) and La République En Marche! (LREM) – to coordinate which candidates it presents.
Ta Ku Ling
Ta Ku Ling (Chinese: 打鼓嶺) is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong, at the junction of Hiram's Highway and Clear Water Bay Road. Northeast of Razor Hill and south of a hill of same name, the area administratively belongs to Sai Kung District.

Ta Ku Ling Village and Ta Ku Ling New Village (打鼓嶺新村, Ta Ku Ling San Tsuen) are both located in this area.

Clear Water Bay Road
Clear Water Bay Road (Chinese: 清水灣道) is a major road from Choi Hung Interchange in Ngau Chi Wan to Clear Water Bay, Sai Kung District. It also is a route to Sai Kung Town and Tseung Kwan O via Hiram's Highway and Hang Hau Road / Ying Yip Road respectively. An expressway deviation, New Clear Water Bay Road (新清水灣道), bypasses a steep, winding, 1 in 6 alignment of Clear Water Bay Road near Shun Lee and Fei Ngo Shan.

In 1932, Clear Water Bay Road began from Kowloon City. In 1963, part of the road was renamed Choi Hung Road and Prince Edward Road East.
Monastery of the Archangel Gabriel at Naqlun
The monastery of the Archangel Gabriel at Naqlun (Arab. دير الملاك غبريال بجبل, Dajr el-Malak Ghubrail, Dayr al-Malāk Ghubriyāl, also: Dajr el-Naqlun, Dayr al-Naqlūn or Dayr Abū al-Khashabah, Dajr Abu al-Chaszaba) – a Coptic monastery of the Archangel Gabriel located in northern Egypt, in the Faiyum Oasis, 16 km south-east of the city of Faiyum in the Libyan Desert. Since 1986, it is investigated by a team of researchers from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw, headed by Prof. Włodzimierz Godlewski. In 1997, the Church of St. Gabriel was restored.

Libyan Desert
24°N 25°E﻿ / ﻿24°N 25°E﻿ / 24; 25

The Libyan Desert (not to be confused with the Libyan Sahara) is a geographical region filling the northeastern Sahara Desert, from eastern Libya to the Western Desert of Egypt and far northwestern Sudan approximately 1,300,000 km2. On medieval maps, its use predates today's Sahara, and parts of the Libyan Desert include the Sahara's most arid and least populated regions; this is chiefly what sets the Libyan Desert apart from the greater Sahara. The consequent absence of grazing, and near absence of waterholes or wells needed to sustain camel caravans, prevented Trans-Saharan trade between Kharga (the Darb al Arbein) close to the Nile, and Murzuk in the Libyan Fezzan. This obscurity saw the region overlooked by early European explorers, and it was not until the early 20th century and the advent of the motor car before the Libyan Desert started to be fully explored.
Takaanini railway station
Takaanini railway station, officially spelt Takanini, is on the Southern Line of the Auckland railway network in New Zealand. The station has an island platform layout and is accessed from Manuroa Road, Station Road and Taka Street in the Takanini suburb of Auckland.

Auckland Transport
Auckland Transport (AT) is the council-controlled organisation (CCO) of Auckland Council responsible for most of Auckland's transport infrastructure, projects and services, including roads, walkways, cycleways, ferry facilities, parking and public transport.
Shiskine
Shiskine (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Seasgann) is a small village on the Isle of Arran in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. The village is within the parish of Kilmory. Sitting further up the "Shiskine Valley" from the village of Blackwaterfoot, the village takes its name from a corruption of the Gaelic for "marshy place".  Much of the area was essentially a swamp years ago, but now comprises farm land.

The village has its own primary school and local church. There is a possible hillfort at Cnoc Ballygowan close by to the village, though its antiquity is disputed. Shiskine is close to the peaks of Beinn Nuis and Beinn Bharrain.

Beinn Bharrain
Beinn Bharrain (721 m) is a mountain on the Isle of Arran, Scotland, located in the far northwest of the Island.

Despite being less frequently visited than its eastern neighbours, it still provides fine views from the top. The entire hill is known as Beinn Bharrain, with 'Mullach Buidhe' the highest of its summits.
Gabriele Rangone
Gabriele Rangone (of Verona) O.Min.Obs.  (also Rangoni, died 27 September 1486) was a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was bishop of Eger lat. Agria.

He was made a cardinal on 10 December 1477 by Pope Sixtus IV. Francesco Gandini cites his birth in Chiari, Lombardy.

Chiari, Lombardy
Chiari (Lombard: Ciare) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy. The 1701 Battle of Chiari was fought here during the War of the Spanish Succession. The town is the birthplace of Isidoro Chiari and Stefano Antonio Morcelli. The main church or duomo is the church of Santi Faustino e Giovita.
Honey Creek (Wisconsin River tributary)
Honey Creek is a stream in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. It is a tributary of the Wisconsin River. It was so named because early settlers collected the honey of bees there. It also lends its name to the town of Honey Creek.

Sauk County, Wisconsin
Sauk County is a county in Wisconsin. It is named after a large village of the Sauk people. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,763. Its county seat and largest city is Baraboo. The county was created in 1840 from Wisconsin Territory and organized in 1844. Sauk County comprises the Baraboo, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Greater Madison area.
Valentine-Wilder House
Valentine-Wilder House is a historic home located at Spring Hope, Nash County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1925, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, side gabled, Arts and Crafts-influenced, Rustic Revival style log dwelling. It sits on stone piers and has three large exterior gable end stone chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing log smokehouse / office (c. 1925).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Nash County, North Carolina
Nash County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 94,970. Its county seat is Nashville.

Nash County is part of the Rocky Mount, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Fakhr-un-Nisa
Fakhr-un-Nisa Shuhdah Umm Muhammad al-Baghdadiyyah or Shuhdah al-Baghdadiyyah (died 1112) was a Kurdish scholar, muhaddith and a calligrapher. Shuhdha was called "the calligrapher, the pride of womanhood, a muhaddithah (female of muhaddith) of Iraq with a high Isnad."

Isnad
In the Islamic study of hadith, an isnād (chain of transmitters, or literally "supporting"; Arabic: اِسْناد) refers to a list of people who passed on a tradition, from the original authority to whom the tradition is attributed to, to the present person reciting or compiling that tradition. The tradition an isnad is associated with is called the matn. Isnads are an important feature of the genre of Islamic literature known as hadith and are prioritized in the process that seeks to determine if the tradition in question is authentic or inauthentic.

According to the traditional Islamic view, the tradition of the hadith sciences has succeeded in the use of isnads to distinguish between authentic and inauthentic traditions going back to Muhammad and his companions. The contemporary view in modern hadith studies, however, is that isnads were commonly susceptible to forgery and so had to be scrutinized before being used to guarantee the transmission of a tradition.
WcaG RNA motif
The  wcaG RNA motif is an RNA structure conserved in some bacteria that was detected by bioinformatics. wcaG RNAs are found in certain phages that infect cyanobacteria.  Most known wcaG RNAs were found in sequences of DNA extracted from uncultivated marine bacteria.  wcaG RNAs might function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their consistent location in the possible 5' untranslated regions of genes.  It was suggested the wcaG RNAs might further function as riboswitches.

The genes hypothesized to be regulated by wcaG RNAs function in the synthesis of exopolysaccharides, or are induced by high amounts of light.  These latter genes are presumably related to cyanobacterial photosynthesis.  The detected wcaG RNAs in purified phages are upstream of highlighted-induced genes. Although these genes are not thought of as typical of phages, it has previously been observed that phages infecting cyanobacteria commonly incorporate such genes.

Extracellular polymeric substance
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are natural polymers of high molecular weight secreted by microorganisms into their environment. EPS establish the functional and structural integrity of biofilms, and are considered the fundamental component that determines the physicochemical properties of a biofilm. EPS in the matrix of biofilms provides compositional support and protection of microbial communities from the harsh environments. Components of EPS can be of different classes of polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, and minerals.
Phi Mu Gamma
Phi Mu Gamma (ΦΜΓ) was an American collegiate women's fraternity. It was established as a social sorority at the Hollins Institute (now Hollins University) in Virginia in 1898. In 1913, the fraternity limited its chapters to two-year institutions. Phi Mu Gamma went inactive in 1921.

Brenau University
Brenau University is a private university in Gainesville, Georgia. Founded in 1878, the university enrolls more than 2,800 students from approximately 48 states and 17 foreign countries who seek degrees ranging from associate through doctoral degrees. The main campus of the Georgia-based institution includes the Brenau Women's College. Brenau also offers another location in Norcross, Georgia.
Stav Prodromou
Stavro Evangelo "Stav" Prodromou (Greek: Σταύρος Ευάγγελος Προδρομου) (born May 30, 1944) is a Palestinian Greek American businessman, and the founder and former chief executive officer of Poqet Computer Corporation. Prodromou has been CEO of Alien Technology, Peregrine Semiconductor, and Integrated Circuit Systems and Executive Vice President of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation.

Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
The village of Valley Forge is an unincorporated settlement. It is located on the west side of Valley Forge National Historical Park at the confluence of Valley Creek and the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania. The remaining village is in Schuylkill Township of Chester County. It once spanned Valley Creek into Montgomery County.

The name Valley Forge is often used to refer to anywhere in the general vicinity of the park. Many places will use the name even though they are actually in King of Prussia, Trooper, Oaks, and other nearby communities. This leads to some ambiguity on the actual location of the modern village. There is a partial re-creation of the historic village from the time of the American Revolution that is located just within the outskirts of the park.