hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth (traditionally /ˈsæpswəθ/ SAPS-wəth or /-səθ/ SAPS-əth, now also /ˈsɔːbrɪdʒwɜːθ/ SAW-brij-wurth) is a town and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England, close to the border with Essex. It is 12 miles (19 km) east of the county town of Hertford and 9 miles (14 km) north of Epping. It is the northernmost part of the Greater London Built-up Area.

Epping, Essex
Epping is a market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest District of Essex, England. It lies 17 miles (27 km) north-east of Charing Cross in central London. It is surrounded by the northern end of Epping Forest, and stands on a ridge of land between the River Roding and River Lea valleys.

Epping forms part of the London commuter belt; it is the eastern terminus of the London Underground's Central line, and the town lies just outside the M25 London Orbital Motorway. The town has a number of historic Grade I and II* and Grade II listed buildings. The weekly market, which dates to 1253, is held each Monday.

As well as the town itself, the parish also includes Coopersale and Fiddlers Hamlet. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 12,547 and the built up area had a population of 10,695.

Epping became twinned with the German town of Eppingen in north-west Baden-Württemberg in 1981.
Forest Park, Ottawa County, Ohio
Forest Park is an unincorporated community in northwestern Clay Township, Ottawa County, Ohio, United States.  It lies at the intersection of Hellwig and Reiman Roads with State Route 51, Gray and Kennard Roads, less than 2 miles (about 3 km) northwest of Genoa and a similar distance southwest of Clay Center.  The headwaters of the South Fork of Turtle Creek, which empties into Lake Erie to the east, are located south of Forest Park, and both parts of the South Fork flow past the community.

Genoa, Ohio
Genoa is a village in Ottawa County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,232 at the 2020 census.  Originally settled as Stony Ridge, it took its present name in 1856 and was incorporated as a village on September 7, 1868.
Narcissus (after Boltraffio)
Narcissus is a c. 1500 painting of Narcissus by a follower of Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio, Leonardo da Vinci's collaborator in Milan. It is now in the National Gallery, London. It is a copy after Narcissus at the Fountain, an autograph work by Boltraffio now in the Uffizi. Unusually it shows the subject in modern dress and with a pile rather than the more usual pond or fountain, probably a pentimento

Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio
Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio  (or Beltraffio) (1466 or 1467 – 1516) was an Italian  painter of the High Renaissance from Lombardy, who worked in the studio of Leonardo da Vinci. Boltraffio and Bernardino Luini are the strongest artistic personalities to emerge from Leonardo's studio. According to Giorgio Vasari, he was of an aristocratic family and was born in Milan.
Roy Brown (footballer, born 1925)
Roy Brown (10 June 1925 – December 2004) was an English footballer who scored 20 goals from 159 appearances in the Football League playing as a full back for Darlington in the years following the Second World War. He signed from non-league club Stockton West End.

His playing style was that of a "hard man". According to his teammate Baden Powell, "Roy Brown would hit a player like an Exocet missile".

He worked at engineering firm Head Wrightson in Stockton-on-Tees.

Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in County Durham, England, with a population of 84,815 at the 2021 UK census. It gives its name to and is the largest settlement in the wider Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. It is part of Teesside and the Tees Valley, on the northern bank of the River Tees.

The River Tees was straightened in the early 19th century, so that larger ships could access the town. The ports have since relocated closer to the North Sea, and ships are no longer able to sail from the sea to the town. This is due to the building of the Tees Barrage, which was installed to manage tidal flooding. The Stockton and Darlington Railway served the port during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. The railway was also the world's first permanent steam-powered passenger railway.
Khabrain
Daily Khabrain (Urdu: روزنامہ خبریں) is a Pakistani daily newspaper based in Lahore. The Daily Khabrain is published by the Khabrain Group of Newspapers. It is published simultaneously from Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Multan, Hyderabad, Muzaffarabad South Punjab Bahawalpur and Sukkur.

It is a member publication of All Pakistan Newspapers Society organization.

Hyderabad, Pakistan
Hyderabad, also known as Neroonkot, is the capital and largest city of the Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the second-largest city in Sindh, after Karachi, and the 7th largest in Pakistan.

Founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty, Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to Bombay Presidency in 1840. It is about 150 kilometres (93 mi) inland of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, to which it is connected by a direct railway and M-9 motorway.
Hong Jong-chan
Hong Jong-chan (Korean: 홍종찬) is a South Korean television director. He started with co-directing MBC's The Legend in 2007, and went on to direct drama such as Padam Padam, Doctor Stranger, My Secret Hotel, Dear My Friends, Life, Her Private Life, Link: Eat, Love, Kill, and Netflix original series Juvenile Justice.

Link: Eat, Love, Kill
Link: Eat, Love, Kill (Korean: 링크: 먹고 사랑하라, 죽이게) is a 2022 South Korean television series starring Yeo Jin-goo and Moon Ka-young. It aired on TVN from June 6 to July 26, 2022, every Monday and Tuesday at 22:30 (KST) for 16 episodes. It is also available for streaming on Disney+ in selected regions.
Ian Darlington
Ian John Darlington (born 2 November 1977) is an English cricketer.  Darlington is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born at Derby, Derbyshire.

Darlington represented the Derbyshire Cricket Board in List A cricket.  His debut List A match came against  Wales Minor Counties in the 1999 NatWest Trophy.  From 1999 to 2000, he represented the Board in 6 matches, the last of which came against the Middlesex Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2002.  In his 6 List A matches, he scored 163 runs at a batting average of 32.60, with a single half century high score of 58.  With the ball he took 4 wickets at a bowling average of 50.50, with best figures of 3/19.

Darlington currently plays club cricket for Ockbrook and Borrowash Cricket Club in the Derbyshire Premier Cricket League.

2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy was an English county cricket tournament, held between 29 August 2002 and 30 August 2003. The competition was won by Gloucestershire who beat Worcestershire by 7 wickets at Lord's.
Polite Society (film)
Polite Society is a 2023 British martial arts action comedy film written and directed by Nida Manzoor (in her feature film directorial debut). The film stars Priya Kansara, Ritu Arya, Nimra Bucha, Akshay Khanna, Seraphina Beh, Ella Bruccoleri, Shona Babayemi, Shobu Kapoor, and Jeff Mirza.

The film follows teenager Ria Khan, who struggles to save her older sister, Lena, after she decides to give up on her dreams and get married.

Polite Society had its world premiere at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival on 21 January 2023, and was released in the United Kingdom and the United States on 28 April 2023 by Universal Pictures. The film received critical acclaim.

Nimra Bucha
Nimra Bucha (Urdu: نِمرہ بُچّہ) is a Pakistani actress who has appeared in a variety of TV serials, films, web-series and has also worked in theatre. She played the role of Saadat Hassan Manto's muse in Sarmad Khoosat's Manto which earned her a nomination for Lux Style Awards for best supporting actress film.
Cisthene unifascia
Cisthene unifascia is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote and Coleman Townsend Robinson in 1868. It is found in the southern United States (Arkansas, California, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas) and Mexico. They are on wing from March to May and again from August to October.

Coleman Townsend Robinson
Coleman Townsend Robinson (12 January 1838 – 1 May 1872) was an American entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.

He wrote Grote, A.R., & Robinson, C.T. 1867–1868. Descriptions of American Lepidoptera – Nos 1–3. 
Transactions of the American Entomological Society 1(1): 1–30; (2): 171–192, pl. 4; (4): 323–360, pl. 6, pl. 7  with Augustus Radcliffe Grote.
Promedia Verlag
Promedia Verlag is an Austrian publishing house established in 1983. Founded to publish "books against the grain", particularly in the field of cultural history, it has since expanded to cover politics, history and travel books. Its "Edition Spuren" brand focuses on alternative or neglected histories of Austria (such as the role of women in the resistance to the 1938 Anschluss), while the "Brennpunkt Osteuropa" series focuses on the politics and history of eastern Europe. Published authors include Erich Fried, Johan Galtung, Alain Lipietz, Konrad P Liessmann, Edgar Morin, Immanuel Wallerstein, Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik, and Alan Woods.

Immanuel Wallerstein
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein (/ˈwɔːlərstiːn/ also /ˈwɔːlərstaɪn/; September 28, 1930 – August 31, 2019) was an American sociologist and economic historian. He is perhaps best known for his development in sociology of world-systems approach. He was a Senior Research Scholar at Yale University from 2000 until his death in 2019, and published bimonthly syndicated commentaries through Agence Global on world affairs from October 1998 to July 2019.

He was the 13th president of International Sociological Association (1994–1998).
Akengbuda
Akengbuda (c. 1720 – 1804) was the thirtieth Oba of Benin who reigned from c. 1750 AD – c. 1804 AD. He was the son and successor of Eresoyen, and the father of Obanosa. He is regarded as one of the most powerful and influential obas in the history of the Kingdom of Benin, as he expanded the kingdom's territory, improved its administration, and promoted its arts and culture. He also maintained a strong trade relationship with the Europeans, especially the Portuguese and the British, and acquired firearms and other goods from them. He was known for his military prowess, his diplomatic skills, and his patronage of arts and learning.

Oyo Empire
The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire in West Africa. It was located in present-day western Nigeria (including the South West zone, Benin Republic, and the western half of the North Central zone). The empire grew to become the largest Yoruba-speaking state through the organizational and administrative efforts of the Yoruba people, trade, as well as the military use of cavalry. The Oyo Empire was one of the most politically important states in Western Africa from the late-16th to the early 18th century and held sway not only over most of the other kingdoms in Yorubaland, but also over nearby African states, notably the Fon Kingdom of Dahomey in the modern Republic of Benin on its west.
Berkson
Berkson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joseph Berkson (1899–1982), American physicist
Berkson's paradox (or Berkson's fallacy)
Berkson error model

Bill Berkson (1939–2016), American poet

Bradley M. Berkson (born 1963), American defense official

Brandon Berkson - Publisher of Hotels Above Par

Berkson error model
The Berkson error model is a description of random error (or misclassification) in measurement. Unlike classical error, Berkson error causes little or no bias in the measurement.  It was proposed by Joseph Berkson in an article entitled “Are there two regressions?,” published in 1950.

An example of Berkson error arises in exposure assessment in epidemiological studies. Berkson error may predominate over classical error in cases where exposure data are highly aggregated. While this kind of error reduces the power of a study, risk estimates themselves are not themselves attenuated (as would be the case where random error predominates).
Sokolovka, Davlekanovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Sokolovka (Russian: Соколовка) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Sokolovsky Selsoviet, Davlekanovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 514 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Davlekanovsky District
Davlekanovsky District (Russian: Давлека́новский райо́н; Bashkir: Дәүләкән районы, Däwläkän rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders with Blagovarsky and Chishminsky Districts in the north, Karmaskalinsky District in the northeast, Aurgazinsky District in the east, Alsheyevsky District in the south, Belebeyevsky District in the west, and with Buzdyaksky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,907 square kilometers (736 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Davlekanovo (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 18,392.
El Rojo Norte
18°28′S 69°12′W﻿ / ﻿18.467°S 69.200°W﻿ / -18.467; -69.200
El Rojo Norte is a cinder cone in the Andes, constructed on top of volcano debris in the Lauca basin.

The cone is 150 metres (490 ft) high and 300 metres (980 ft) wide at its foot. Its profile has been reduced by erosion; the cone sits on an andesitic mound. A lava flow containing mafic andesite is associated with the cone. Phreatomagmatic deposits are also found.

The cone is formed by reddish scoria. Its rocks are basaltic andesite. It was erupted 3.1 ± 0.2 million years ago on the basis of potassium-argon dating. Other dates are 3.05 ± 0.22, 3.35 ± 0.16 and 2.34 ± 0.16 mya. Which age is correct is unclear, but the cone is partly buried by the 2.72 mya old Lauca-Pérez ignimbrite indicating that it's older than this ignimbrite.

Mafic
A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.
Somatic evolution in cancer
Somatic evolution is the accumulation of mutations and epimutations in somatic cells (the cells of a body, as opposed to germ plasm and stem cells) during a lifetime, and the effects of those mutations and epimutations on the fitness of those cells. This evolutionary process has first been shown by the studies of Bert Vogelstein in colon cancer. Somatic evolution is important in the process of aging as well as the development of some diseases, including cancer.

Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase
Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT), also known as O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase AGT, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MGMT gene.

MGMT is crucial for genome stability. It repairs the naturally occurring mutagenic DNA lesion O6-methylguanine back to guanine and prevents mismatch and errors during DNA replication and transcription. Accordingly, loss of MGMT increases the carcinogenic risk in mice after exposure to alkylating agents.

Bacteria also use enzymes of this kind to protect their DNA. In E. coli, there are two versions (isozymes): Ada and Ogt.
Trans-Air Service Flight 671
Trans-Air Service Flight 671 was a cargo flight from Luxembourg Airport to Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport in Kano, Nigeria. While flying over France on 31 March 1992, the Boeing 707 operating the flight experienced an in-flight separation of two engines on its right wing. Despite the damage to the aircraft, the pilots were able to perform an emergency landing at Istres-Le Tubé Air Base in Istres, France.  All five occupants of the aircraft survived, but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair due to a fire on the right wing.

Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

The southern portion of the Drôme, closest to Provence, is often known as the fr:Drôme Provençale.
Kosygin's Fourth Government
The former government of Alexei Kosygin was dissolved following the Soviet legislative election of 1974. Kosygin was once again elected premier by the Politburo and the Central Committee following the election. His fourth government lasted for nearly five years, until the 1979 Soviet election.

1979 Soviet Union legislative election
Supreme Soviet election were held in the Soviet Union on 4 March 1979. They were the first elections held under the 1977 Soviet constitution, which slightly reformed the composition of the Supreme Soviet.
Myrsine melanophloeos
Myrsine melanophloeos, commonly known as Cape beech, Kaapse boekenhout (Afrikaans), isiCalabi (Zulu) or isiQwane sehlati (Xhosa) is a dense evergreen tree that is native to the afromontane forests of Africa, ranging from Nigeria and Sudan to South Africa. Outside forests they are also commonly encountered along stream banks and in gullies.

Despite its common name, it is not a close relative of the familiar beech tree of the northern hemisphere, and it is actually more closely related to the Rhododendrons; it comes from the beech-like grain of its wood. The Xhosa name isiQwane sehlati meaning "forest protea" comes from the tree's leaves bunching like a protea (isiQwane) flower.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Lloyd deMause
Lloyd deMause (pronounced de-Moss; September 19, 1931 – April 23, 2020) was an American lay psychoanalyst and social historian, best known for his pioneering work in the field of psychohistory.

He graduated from Columbia College and did graduate work in political science at Columbia University and later trained as a psychoanalyst. He taught psychohistory at the City University of New York. He is the founder of the Journal of Psychohistory.

Columbia College, Columbia University
Columbia College is the oldest undergraduate college of Columbia University, a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.

Columbia was established as a colonial college by royal charter under George II of Great Britain. It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution, and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by alumni Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.

Columbia College is distinctive for its comprehensive Core Curriculum and is among the most selective of American colleges, with an admission rate of 3.85% in 2024.
Lapides v. Board of Regents of University System of Georgia
Lapides v. Board of Regents of University System of Georgia, 535 U.S. 613 (2002), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which ruled that a state voluntarily waives at least part of its Eleventh Amendment immunity when it invokes a federal court's removal jurisdiction. There has subsequently been a "circuit split" in federal courts regarding whether a state waives immunity from liability or only a federal forum.

Federal judiciary of the United States
The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three branches of the  U.S. federal government organized under the U.S. Constitution and laws of the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary does not include any state court (which includes local courts), which are completely independent from the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary consists primarily of the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. courts of appeals, and the U.S. district courts. It also includes a variety of other lesser federal tribunals.

Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts and place limitations on their jurisdiction. Article III states that federal judges are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, or die.
1955–56 in Belgian football
The 1955–56 season was the 53rd season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 7th Division I title. This was also their third consecutive title, for the second time. RSC Anderlechtois also entered the first European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian champion. The Belgium national football team played 7 friendly games (2 wins, 1 draw, 4 losses). RRC Tournaisien won the Belgian Cup but after this season the competition was stopped due to the pressure of the top clubs in the vote to maintain or not the competition. The Belgian Cup would eventually resume in the 1963–64 season after the creation of the European Cup Winners' Cup.

Belgian Cup
The Belgian Cup (French: Coupe de Belgique; Dutch: Beker van België; German: Belgischer Fußballpokal) is the main knockout football competition in Belgium, run by the Royal Belgian FA. The competition started in 1908 with provincial selections as the "Belgian Provinces Cup". Starting from 1912 only actual clubs were allowed to partake. As of 1964, the Belgian Cup has been organised annually. Since the 2015–16 edition, the Belgian Cup is called the Croky Cup, for sponsorship purposes. The final traditionally takes place at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.

The most successful cup club is Club Brugge with 12 Belgian Cups in their possession. The current champions are Club Brugge, having beaten rivals Anderlecht 2–1 in the 2025 final. The winners are awarded a challenge cup and qualify for the UEFA Europa League and the Belgian Supercup.