hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Millar McCowan
Millar McCowan was a Scottish confectionery manufacturer. Owned by Andrew Walsh, who also runs Thornycroft. (A confectionery distribution company.) For the brands of McCowan’s and John Millar & Sons. Among its brands are Wham Bars, and  Highland Toffee. It also produces traditional Scottish sweeties such as Pan Drops and Bonbons. Millar McCowan was Scotland’s largest independent confectionery manufacturer. It had production facilities at both Broxburn and Stenhousemuir (near Falkirk). In October 2011, the company went into administration the McCowans brand (separate from the McCowans company) was transferred firstly to Tangerine Confectionery at the same time, the Millar brand was transferred to Nisha Enterprises. Both Tangerine and Nisha chose to operate from their existing facilities leading to the closure of Millar McCowan's Stenhousemuir and Broxburn plants.

Mint (candy)
A mint or breath mint is a food item often consumed as an after-meal refreshment or before business and social engagements to improve breath odor. Mints are commonly believed to soothe the stomach, given their association with natural byproducts of the plant genus Mentha. Mints sometimes contain derivatives from plants such as peppermint oil or spearmint oil, or wintergreen from the plant genus Gaultheria. However, many of the most popular mints citing these natural sources contain none in their ingredient list or contain only trace amounts.
1973 Edinburgh North by-election
A 1973 by-election for the House of Commons of the UK Parliament took place in Edinburgh North on 8 November 1973.  Alexander Fletcher retained the seat for the Conservatives, after his predecessor became Duke of Buccleuch.

One of four UK parliamentary by-elections taking place that day, and one of two in Scotland; it was overshadowed in the media by the surprise SNP victory in Glasgow Govan.

Prior to the by-election, an opinion poll for The Glasgow Herald had predicted that the Conservatives would hold the seat with Labour in second place.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
L'Épiphanie, Quebec (parish)
L'Épiphanie (French pronunciation: [lepifani]) is a former parish municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada, part of the L'Assomption Regional County Municipality.

On May 23, 2018, the parish ceased to exist when it was merged into the Town of L'Épiphanie.

Lanaudière
Lanaudière (French pronunciation: [lanodjɛʁ], locally [lanod͡zjaɛ̯ʁ]) is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. It has a total population (2016 Census) of 494,796 inhabitants, an increase of 4.9% over the 2011 census.
Chepauk Assembly constituency
Chepauk was the legislative assembly constituency, that included the city, Chepauk. Chepauk Assembly constituency was part of Chennai Central Lok Sabha constituency. After the constituency delimitation of 2008, this constituency was merged into the newly formed Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni Assembly constituency.

The constituency is famous among people of Tamil Nadu as five-time Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Kalaignar Karunanidhi contested thrice and won all three times from Chepauk Assembly Constituency.

Chepauk
Chepauk is a locality in Chennai, India. The name Chepauk is popularly used to refer to the M. A. Chidambaram International Cricket Stadium, also known as the Chepauk Stadium. It is also home to the Chepauk Palace, built in the Indo-Saracenic style. The University of Madras campus is yet another prominent landmark of Chepauk. The Central Research laboratory is located here. Chepauk's postal index number (PIN) code is 600005. The main roads of Chepauk are Bells Road and Walajah Road.

The University of Madras has its main campus located here.

The Tamil Nadu legislative assembly-secretariat complex was built up at Omandurar Government Estate, also situated on the periphery of Chepauk, which was later converted into a vast multi-speciality government hospital. The Chennai MRTS railway passes through Chepauk and the Chepauk MRTS station is located adjacent to the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium.
Nick Moore (filmmaker)
Nick Moore is a British film director and editor. He directed the 2011 British Movie Horrid Henry: The Movie. He directed the 2008 Wild Child, and other previous work included editing the 1997 The Full Monty for which he was nominated for a BAFTA award, the 1999 hit  Notting Hill, the 2002 About a Boy for which he was nominated for the American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical, and the 2003 Love Actually.

American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy
The American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy is one of the annual awards given by the American Cinema Editors, awarded to what members of the American Cinema Editors Guild deem as the best edited comedic film for a given year.

Along with the award for Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic it was split off as Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical from the Best Edited Feature Film award in 2000. In 2021 this award was redesignated for comedy films, with musicals now permitted in both categories.

Animated films were permitted until 2009, when they were split off to Best Edited Animated Feature Film. This makes WALL-E the only winner for an animated film in the category.
Japanese torpedo boat Shirataka
The Shirataka (”White hawk”) was a 1st class torpedo boat (suiraitei) of the Imperial Japanese Navy. She was ordered under the Ten Year Naval Expansion Programme passed in 1896 from the shipbuilder Schichau-Werke (as Yard No. 629) in Danzig, Germany, where she was built during 1897–98 in parts along Japanese specifications, and then re-assembled by Mitsubishi in Nagasaki, Japan.

She participated in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). She was decommissioned on 15 November 1923, and sold to break up on 6 April 1927.

Schichau-Werke
The Schichau-Werke (F. Schichau, Maschinen- und Lokomotivfabrik, Schiffswerft und Eisengießerei GmbH) was a German engineering works and shipyard based in Elbing, Germany (now Elbląg, Poland) on the Vistula Lagoon of then-East Prussia. It also had a subsidiary shipyard in nearby Danzig (now: Gdańsk, Poland). Due to the Soviet conquest of eastern Germany, Schichau moved to Bremerhaven in March 1945, and its successors continued in business until 2009.
New World Mining District
The New World Mining District is an area of mineralization that sits within Gallatin National Forest to the northeast of Cooke City and Yellowstone National Park, in Park County, Montana, United States. The district hosts extensive deposits of gold, silver and copper in zones of carbonate replacement. These deposits are the result of Eocene hydrothermal alteration of Cambrian carbonates related to the Absaroka volcanic  field.  Alteration and mineralization occur primarily within carbonate clasts hosted in a volcanic breccia pipe and in carbonate rocks that lie adjacent to that breccia.

Clastic rock
Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of geological detritus, chunks, and smaller grains of rock broken off other rocks by physical weathering. Geologists use the term clastic to refer to sedimentary rocks and particles in sediment transport, whether in suspension or as bed load, and in sediment deposits.
Dehnavi
Dehnavi (Persian: دهنوی) is an Iranian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ghasem Dehnavi (born 1981), Iranian football player

Nasrollah Dehnavi (born 1950), Iranian weightlifter

Sajad Dehnavi (born 1989), Iranian volleyball player

Nasrollah Dehnavi
Nasrollah Dehnavi  (Persian:نصرالله دهنوی, born 23 June 1950 in Masjed Soleiman, Khuzestan, Iran) is a retired Iranian weightlifter. He competed in the 1968 and 1972 Olympics. He won a Bronze medal at the 1974 world championships and set one world Record in Press.
Dehnavi now resides in Tehran, Iran
John Nash (Australian politician)
John Brady Nash VD (19 May 1857 – 4 June 1925) was an Australian politician.

He was born at sea en route to Melbourne to surgeon Andrew Nash and Margaret Brady. He was educated at St Patrick's College and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh where he gained an MD in 1888. He practiced at Wallsend and later at Lambton, also serving as honorary surgeon at Royal Newcastle Hospital and Wallsend Hospital. On 5 April 1888 he married Agnes McCormick, with whom he had six daughters. He was a member of the 4th Regiment Volunteer Infantry, becoming a captain in 1886 and a major in 1896. He served during World War I with the Australian Army Medical Corps from 1914 to 1916, during which time he became an honorary lieutenant colonel. In 1900 he had been appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he remained until his death in Sydney in 1925.

Andrew William Nash (c. 1861 – 23 March 1905), medical doctor of Lambton, New South Wales, was a brother.

Royal Newcastle Hospital
The Royal Newcastle Hospital was, for nearly 190 years, the main hospital in the Australian city of Newcastle. The hospital stood on a hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Hunter River port of Newcastle, New South Wales, from 1817 until 2007.
Monika Ivantysynova
Monika Ivantysynova (1955–2018) was an East German-born engineer specializing in fluid power, known for her design of piston pumps and valveless hydraulic actuators and more generally for her leadership in the field of fluid power research. She was Maha Named Professor in Fluid Power Systems for Mechanical Engineering and Agricultural and Biological Engineering at Purdue University.

Piston pump
A piston pump is a type of positive displacement pump where the high-pressure seal reciprocates with the piston. Piston pumps can be used to move liquids or compress gases. They can operate over a wide range of pressures. High pressure operation can be achieved without adversely affecting flow rate. Piston pumps can also deal with viscous media and media containing solid particles. This pump type functions through a piston cup, oscillation mechanism where down-strokes cause pressure differentials, filling of pump chambers, where up-stroke forces the pump fluid out for use. Piston pumps are often used in scenarios requiring high, consistent pressure and in water irrigation or delivery systems.
Stewart Edward
Stewart James Edward MNZM JP (born 1 November 1943) is a New Zealand former cricketer. He trained as a dentist and has been board chairman of the Lakes District Health Board. He played three first-class matches for Otago between 1964 and 1968.

In the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours, Edward was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to dentistry and the community. He worked for 48 years as a dentist in Rotorua, retiring in 2018.

Lakes District Health Board
The Lakes District Health Board (Lakes DHB) was a district health board that provided healthcare to the area covered by Taupō and Rotorua districts in New Zealand. In July 2022, the Lakes DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand).
Sölch Glacier
Sölch Glacier (67°4′S 66°23′W﻿ / ﻿67.067°S 66.383°W﻿ / -67.067; -66.383) is a glacier on the Pernik Peninsula of the Loubet Coast in Graham Land, flowing west to Salmon Cove just north of Kanchov Peak on the east side of Lallemand Fjord. It was mapped from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition, 1956–57, and named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Johann Sölch (1883–1951), an Austrian glacial geologist and glaciologist.

Salmon Cove (Antarctica)
Salmon Cove (67°06′00″S 66°28′00″W﻿ / ﻿67.10000°S 66.46667°W﻿ / -67.10000; -66.46667) is a cove 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) southeast of McCall Point on the east side of Lallemand Fjord in Graham Land. It was mapped by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey from surveys and air photos, 1956–59. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee for Eric M.P. Salmon, an assistant Falklands Islands Dependencies Survey meteorologist who spent several seasons in Antarctica between 1950 and 1956, and visited this cove in 1956.
HMS Raleigh (1919)
HMS Raleigh was one of five Hawkins-class heavy cruisers built for the Royal Navy during the First World War, although the ship was not completed until 1921. She was assigned to the North America and West Indies Station when she commissioned and often served as a flagship. After visiting ports in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and both coasts of the United States and Canada in 1921–1922, Raleigh ran aground off Labrador in August 1922 with the loss of a dozen crewmen. The ship was partially salvaged in place and was demolished with explosives in 1926, although she remains a diveable wreck in very shallow water.

Ship grounding
Ship grounding or ship stranding is the impact of a ship on seabed or
waterway side.  It may be intentional, as in beaching to land crew or cargo, and careening, for maintenance or repair, or unintentional, as in a marine accident. In accidental cases, it is commonly referred to as "running aground".

When unintentional, grounding may result simply in stranding, with or without damage to the submerged part of the ship's hull.  Breach of the hull may lead to significant flooding, which in the absence of containment in watertight bulkheads may substantially compromise the ship's structural integrity, stability, and safety.
Epsilon Mensae
Epsilon Mensae, Latinized to ε Mensae, is a single star  in the southern circumpolar constellation Mensa. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.52, making it faintly visible to the naked eye under ideal conditions. The object has a heliocentric radial velocity of 10.5 km/s, meaning it is receding from the Solar System, and is estimated to be 454 light years away.

Epsilon Mensae has a stellar classification of K2/3 III — intermediate between a K2 and K3 giant star. It has 115% the mass of the Sun and an enlarged radius of 21.9 R☉. It shines at 170 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,657 K, giving it an orange glow. Epsilon Mensae has a metallicity 49% that of the Sun and is believed to be a member of the young disk population. It spins leisurely with a projected rotational velocity of about 1.8 km/s.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Fair Play (song)
"Fair Play" is a song by Northern Irish artist Van Morrison. The opening track on the 1974 album Veedon Fleece, it derived its name from Morrison's Irish friend, Donall Corvin's repeated use of the Irish colloquialism "fair play to you" as a wry compliment. The 3/4 ballad references Irish city Killarney, and poets Oscar Wilde, Edgar Allan Poe and Henry David Thoreau, and according to Morrison,  the song derived from "what was running through his head", and marked a return to the stream of consciousness channeled song-writing that had not been evident since several of the songs contained in his 1972 album Saint Dominic's Preview. "Fair Play" was included on the 2015 compilation The Essential Van Morrison.

The Essential Van Morrison
The Essential Van Morrison is a two-disc compilation album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison,  released on August 28, 2015. It is part of Sony BMG's Essential series of compilation albums and includes tracks from Morrison's solo output, as well as tracks from his days with Them. The tracks consist of some of Morrison's biggest hits and popular album tracks from 1964 as leader of the Northern Irish band Them through his 2009 release Astral Weeks Live at the Hollywood Bowl. The liner notes were contributed by David Fricke.
Students Against Discrimination
Students Against Discrimination (Bengali: বৈষম্যবিরোধী ছাত্র আন্দোলন, romanized: Bôiṣômyôbirōdhī Chātrô Āndōlôn) is a platform of student activists in Bangladesh formed in 2024 during the nationwide student-led quota reform movement. The group was involved in the ousting of the country's prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, on 5 August 2024 through the July Revolution.

It is an umbrella organization which works on building the political range of Bangladesh, though it is a non-political organization.

On 22 October 2024, the Students Against Discrimination and the Jatiya Nagorik Committee jointly announced a "Five-Point Demand", advocating for sweeping political and constitutional changes to dismantle what they describe as a "fascist political settlement" and replace it with a democratic one.

Umbrella organization
An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and identities to the smaller organizations. In this kind of arrangement, it is sometimes responsible, to some degree, for the groups under its care. Umbrella organizations are prominent in cooperatives and in civil society, and can engage in advocacy or collective bargaining on behalf of their members.
Andrew Walls
Andrew Finlay Walls OBE (21 April 1928 – 12 August 2021) was a British historian of missions, best known for his pioneering studies of the history of the African church and a pioneer in the academic field of World Christianity.

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.
Horodnia Air Base
Horodnia (also Gorodnya, Horodnya, Horodnye, or Gorodnye) was a flight training air base in Ukraine located 4 km east of Horodnia.

It was home to the 703rd Training Aviation Regiment flying 101 Aero L-39 Albatros, "C" model. The 703rd Training Aviation Regiment moved from Uman to Gorodnya in 1965; it formed part of the Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (17th Air Army/Air Forces of the Kyiv Military District). The regiment was taken over by Ukraine in early 1992.

Horodnia
Horodnia (Ukrainian: Городня, pronounced [ɦoroˈdʲnʲɑ] ⓘ) is a small city in Chernihiv Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine. It has had city status since 1957. Horodnia hosts the administration of Horodnia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 11,240 (2023 estimate), 11,506 (2022 estimate).
Economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States
The economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States refers to the effects of economic activities of migrants without a legal citizenship or residency. Because of the political controversy around illegal immigration, the impact is generally divided into two groups: activities that have a positive effect on legal residents, such as increased economic activity and increased tax income, and activities that have a negative effect on legal residents, such as usage of government programs and decreased wages.

Discretionary spending
In American public finance, discretionary spending is government spending implemented through an appropriations bill. This spending is an optional part of fiscal policy, in contrast to social programs for which funding is mandatory and determined by the number of eligible recipients. Some examples of areas funded by discretionary spending are national defense, foreign aid, education and transportation.
Banchero
Banchero is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Banchero (1744–1793), Italian painter

Chris Banchero (born 1989), American basketball player

Elvio Banchero (1904–1982), Italian football player

Paolo Banchero (born 2002), American basketball player

Rhonda Banchero (born 1973), American basketball player

Angelo Banchero
Angelo Giacinto Banchero (1744–1793) was an Italian painter of the Neoclassic period.

He was born in Sestri Ponente in Genoese territory. Orphaned at the age of two, his older brother apprenticed him to a local painter. Seeing Angelo's talent, his brother and a Genoese patron, Giovanni Battista Rossi, arranged to have him work in the studio of Pompeo Batoni in Rome. On his return to Genoa, he executed a portrait of the new Duke, Giovanni Battista Cambiaso. He also painted the main altarpiece, John the Baptist preaches to the mob, for the church of the Battistine Nuns, near Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome. He completed two paintings for a church at Sestri.

Slow and meticulous in style, his output was limited. He painted an unfinished altarpiece for the parish church of San Siro a Nervi. A heart ailment led to a stroke at the age of 49 years. One of his pupils was Pietro Pedroni.