hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Refuge castle
A refuge castle or refuge fort (German: Fliehburg, also Fluchtburg, Volksburg, Bauernburg or Vryburg) is a castle-like defensive location, usually surrounded by ramparts, that is not permanently occupied but acts as a temporary retreat for the local population when threatened by war or attack. In former times such sites were also described as giant castles (German: Hünenburgen) because their origin was ascribed to giants.

Giant
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: gigas, cognate giga-) are beings of humanoid appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word giant is first attested in 1297 from Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. It is derived from the Gigantes (Ancient Greek: Γίγαντες) of Greek mythology.

Fairy tales such as Jack the Giant Killer have formed the modern perception of giants as dimwitted and violent ogres, sometimes said to eat humans or livestock. In more recent portrayals, like those of Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl, some giants are both intelligent and friendly.
1994 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1994 Tennessee gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1994 to elect the next governor of Tennessee. Incumbent Democratic governor Ned McWherter was term-limited, leaving the governorship an open seat. Republican congressman Don Sundquist was elected  Governor of Tennessee, defeating Democratic nominee Phil Bredesen, the mayor of Nashville, who later won Tennessee's governorship in 2002 & 2006.

Ned McWherter
Ned Ray McWherter (October 15, 1930 – April 4, 2011) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 46th Governor of Tennessee, from 1987 to 1995.  Prior to that, he served as Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1973 to 1987, the longest tenure as Speaker up to that time.: 79  He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Derby Junction F.C.
Derby Junction Football Club were an amateur football club in Derby, England. They were active in the 1880s and 1890s, notably being founder members of the Midland League in 1890 and FA Cup semi-finalists in 1888. They played at Derby Arboretum.

Football team
A football team is a group of players selected to play together in the various team sports known as football. Such teams could be selected to play in a match against an opposing team, to represent a football club, group, state or nation, an all-star team or even selected as a hypothetical team (such as a dream team or team of the century) and never play an actual match.

The difference between a football team and a football club is incorporation, a football club is an entity which is formed and governed by a committee and has members which may consist of supporters in addition to players. The benefit of club formation is that it gives teams access to additional volunteer or paid support staff, facilities and equipment.
Francisco Doratioto
Francisco Fernando Monteoliva Doratioto (born 1956) is a Brazilian military historian who is a professor at the University of Brasília and the Rio Branco Institute.

His work focuses on the history of Brazil–Paraguay relations, especially on the Paraguayan War, and on Brazil's foreign policy in the Río de la Plata Basin as a whole.

Río de la Plata Basin
The Río de la Plata basin (Spanish: Cuenca del Plata, Portuguese: Bacia do Prata), more often called the River Plate basin in scholarly writings, sometimes called the Platine basin or Platine region, is the 3,170,000-square-kilometre (1,220,000 sq mi) hydrographical area in South America that drains to the Río de la Plata. It includes areas of southeastern Bolivia, southern and central Brazil, the entire country of Paraguay, most of Uruguay, and northern Argentina. Making up about one fourth of the continent's surface, it is the second largest drainage basin in South America (after the Amazon basin) and one of the largest in the world.

The main rivers of the La Plata basin are the Paraná River, the Paraguay River (the Paraná's main tributary), and the Uruguay River.
Promachus of Pellene
Promachus (Greek: Πρόμαχος - Promachos) was a pankration athlete of the Ancient Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece. Son of Dryon, he was from Pellene in Achaea. He was a winner of the 94th Olympiad in 404 BC. He also won three times at the Isthmian and the Nemean Games. There was also a statue of him in ancient Olympia.

Isthmian Games
Isthmian Games or Isthmia (Ancient Greek: Ἴσθμια) were one of the Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, and were named after the Isthmus of Corinth, where they were held. As with the Nemean Games, the Isthmian Games were held both the year before and the year after the Olympic Games (the second and fourth years of an Olympiad), while the Pythian Games were held in the third year of the Olympiad cycle.
Alexander van Bredael
Alexander van Bredael (1 April 1663 – 14 July 1720) was a Flemish painter known for Italianate landscapes and genre scenes of fairs, cattle markets and villages.  He was a prominent member of the Antwerp artistic family van Bredael.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
Ickleton
Ickleton is a village and civil parish about 9 miles (14 km) south of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England. The village is beside the River Cam, close to where a southern branch of the Icknield Way crossed the river. The eastern and southern boundaries of the parish form part of the county boundary with Essex, and the Essex town of Saffron Walden is only about 4.5 miles (7 km) southeast of the village.

The village is mainly grouped around three streets: Abbey Street, Frogge Street, and Church Street, which leads into Brookhampton Street. The village is at the eastern end of its parish, which extends 2 miles (3 km) to the west.

M11 motorway
The M11 is a 55-mile-long (89 km) motorway that runs north from the North Circular Road (A406) at South Woodford to the A14 at Girton, northwest of Cambridge, England. It was originally proposed as a trunk road as early as 1915; various plans were considered throughout the 1960s, with final construction being undertaken between 1975 and 1980. The motorway was opened in stages, with the first stage between junctions 7 and 8 opening in June 1975, and the completed motorway becoming fully operational in February 1980. The motorway provides direct access to Harlow and Cambridge, and since 2002 has greatly improved access to London Stansted Airport.
Manns
Notable people with the surname Manns include:

August Manns (1825–1907), German conductor, working in England

Christopher Manns (born 1980), American ice sledge hockey player

Denvis Manns (born 1976), American football running back

Ferdinand Manns (1844–1922), German composer, conductor, music director

Frédéric Manns (1942–2021), French biblical scholar

Janel Manns (born 1966), Australia wheelchair tennis player

Jesper Manns (born 1995), Swedish football defender

Jonathan Manns, British town planner, living in New Zealand

Linda Kay Manns (1965–2008), first Miss Alaska Teen USA and politician

Patricio Manns (1937–2021), Chilean singer, writer, social activist

Paul Manns (born 1961), English midfield footballer

Paul W. Manns (1910–1978), American newspaperman and politician in Virginia

Tom Manns (1911–unknown), English full-back footballer

Denvis Manns
Denvis Manns (born July 21, 1976) was the third ever NCAA running back to rush for 1,000 yards in four consecutive seasons after Tony Dorsett (University of Pittsburgh, 1973–1977) and Amos Lawrence (University of North Carolina, 1977–1980).

Manns graduated from Lufkin High School in 1995 where he rushed for 2,000 yards his senior year and led the Panthers to the 1994 5A quarterfinals.  Manns’ number (#33) is the first (and currently the only) football number to ever be retired at Lufkin High School. He then played football for New Mexico State University 1995-1998 where he achieved his NCAA rushing record and still holds the school's career rushing record with 4,692 yards. Manns is one of only five players in NCAA Division I-A history to rush for at least 1,000 yards in four consecutive seasons.
Polyura dehanii
Charaxes (Polyura) dehanii is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by John Obadiah Westwood in 1850. It is found in the Indomalayan realm in Java (C. d. dehanii) and Sumatra (C. d. sulthan (Hagen, 1896)).

John O. Westwood
John Obadiah Westwood (22 December 1805 – 2 January 1893) was an English entomologist and archaeologist noted for his artistic talents. He published several illustrated works on insects and antiquities. He was among the first entomologists with an academic position at Oxford University. He was a natural theologian, staunchly anti-Darwinian, and sometimes adopted a quinarian viewpoint. Although he never travelled widely, he described species from around the world on the basis of specimens, especially of the larger, curious, and colourful species obtained by naturalists and collectors in England.
Goat (Swedish band)
Goat is a Swedish alternative and experimental fusion music group. The band originates—according to its own publicity—from Korpilombolo, Norrbotten County. The seven-piece band performs wearing masks and costumes, with each of the band members remaining anonymous.

To date, the band has released six studio albums: World Music (2012), Commune (2014), Requiem (2016), Oh Death (2022), Medicine (2023) and Goat (2024). In 2023, the band provided the score to the acclaimed BBC/A24 drama series, The Gallows Pole, directed by Shane Meadows.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Dan Kavanagh (Gaelic footballer)
Daniel Kavanagh (1920 - 27 January 2008) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career with the Galway and Kerry senior teams lasted ten seasons from 1941 until 1950.

Kavanagh made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he was selected for the Kerry minor team. He had two championship seasons with the minor team, before ending his underage career as an All-Ireland runner-up. Kavanagh later joined the Galway senior team, making his debut during the 1941 championship. Over the next three years he won two Connacht medals, before joining the Kerry senior team in 1944. Kavanagh won his sole All-Ireland medal with the team in 1946. He also won five Munster medals before retiring from inter-county football in 1950.

Connacht Senior Football Championship
The Connacht Senior Football Championship, known simply as the Connacht Championship and shortened to Connacht SFC, is an annual Gaelic football competition for the senior county teams of Connacht GAA. All of the county teams of Connacht participate in the championship, as well as London and New York. The winning team receives the Nestor Cup.

The Connacht SFC is run on a knock-out basis through which teams are eliminated from the competition. A series of games are played during the summer months and the final is played in June or July. The winner and runner-up progresses directly to the All-Ireland SFC Group Stage. Before 2020, all losing teams progressed to the All-Ireland SFC Qualifiers, while, prior to 2001, the All-Ireland SFC was a straight knock-out format, which meant all losing teams were eliminated after a single defeat.

Galway are the four-time title holder, having defeated Mayo by 1-17 to 1–15 in the 2025 final
Manta (SeaWorld San Diego)
Manta is a steel launched roller coaster at SeaWorld in San Diego, California, United States. The ride was manufactured by MACK Rides and opened to the public on May 26, 2012. It utilizes the same ride system that was used in Blue Fire which opened in 2009 at Europa Park.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.
Meges of Sidon
Meges (Greek: Μέγης; 1st century BC) was an eminent surgeon born at Sidon in Phoenicia, who practised at Rome with great reputation and success, shortly before the time of Celsus, and therefore probably in the 1st century BC. He wrote some works which are highly praised and several times quoted by Celsus, but of which nothing remains. He is, perhaps, the same person who is quoted by Pliny, Galen, and Scribonius Largus. A Greek fragment by Meges is preserved by Oribasius.

Sidon
Sidon (/ˈsaɪdən/ SY-dən), or Saida (/ˈsaɪdə, ˈsɑːɪdə/ SY-də, SAH-id-ə; Arabic: صيدا, romanized: Ṣaydā), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located on the Mediterranean coast in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital. Tyre, to the south, and the Lebanese capital of Beirut, to the north, are each about 40 kilometres (25 miles) away. Sidon has a population of about 80,000 within the city limits, while its metropolitan area has more than a quarter-million inhabitants.
IBM Power microprocessors
Power microprocessors (originally POWER prior to Power10) are designed and sold by IBM for servers and supercomputers. The name "POWER" was originally presented as an acronym for "Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC". The Power line of microprocessors has been used in IBM's RS/6000, AS/400, pSeries, iSeries, System p, System i, and Power Systems lines of servers and supercomputers. They have also been used in data storage devices and workstations by IBM and by other server manufacturers like Bull and Hitachi.

The Power family was originally developed in the late 1980s, and remains under active development. In the beginning, they implemented the POWER instruction set architecture (ISA), which evolved into PowerPC and later into Power ISA. In August 2019, IBM announced it would open source the Power ISA. As part of the move, it was also announced that administration of the OpenPOWER Foundation is handled by the Linux Foundation.

Data storage
Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in a storage medium. Handwriting, phonographic recording, magnetic tape, and optical discs are all examples of storage media. Biological molecules such as RNA and DNA are considered by some as data storage. Recording may be accomplished with virtually any form of energy. Electronic data storage requires electrical power to store and retrieve data.

Data storage in a digital, machine-readable medium is sometimes called digital data. Computer data storage is one of the core functions of a general-purpose computer. Electronic documents can be stored in much less space than paper documents. Barcodes and magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) are two ways of recording machine-readable data on paper.
Eduardo Teixeira (politician)
Eduardo Alexandre Ribeiro Gonçalves Teixeira (born 25 June 1972) is a Portuguese economist and politician. He was a member of the Assembly of the Republic, for the Social Democratic Party, in the XII and XIV legislature. He is a member of the City Council of Viana do Castelo, since 2021.

In 2024 he was announced, as head of the list for  Viana do Castelo for the CHEGA party, for the 2024 legislative elections, being one of the five former and current PSD MPs running for CHEGA.

On 10 March 2024 he was elected as member of the Assembly of the Republic by CHEGA, for the Viana do Castelo constituency.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
Martta Koskinen
Martta Johanna Koskinen (1897 – 29 September 1943) was a Helsinki seamstress, veteran of the Finnish Civil War, and activist of the SKP who was sentenced to death for high treason and executed by firing squad on 29 September 1943. She was the last woman executed in Finland.

Väinö Tanner
Väinö Alfred Tanner (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋæi̯nø ˈalfred ˈtɑnːer]; 12 March 1881 – 19 April 1966; surname until 1895 Thomasson) was a leading figure in the Social Democratic Party of Finland, and a pioneer and leader of the cooperative movement in Finland. He was Prime Minister of Finland in 1926–1927.
Al Bayda, Yemen
Al Bayda (Arabic: ٱلْبَيْضَاء, romanized: Al-Bayḍāʾ, lit. 'The white one', not to be confused with Al-Bayda' in Al Jawf, the ancient Nashaq), also known as Baida, Al-Baidhah or Beida, is a town in the Governorate of Al Bayda in Yemen.

It is located 130 miles (210 kilometres) SE of Sanaa. Rada' (Arabic: رَدَاع, romanized: Radāʿ) is the present capital of the Governorate of Al Bayda. Al-Bayda borders eight other governorates: Shabwa, Al-Dhalea, Abyan and Lahj to the south, and Marib, Sana’a, Dhamar and Ibb to the north. Its strategic location, providing access to many areas of the country, makes Al-Bayda decisive to the current conflict between the Houthis and the government.

Nashaq
Nashaq (Minaean: 𐩬𐩦𐩤 romanized: Nšq; modern day Kharbat Al-Bayda', Arabic: خربة البيضاء) is the name of an ancient South Arabian city in the northern al-Jawf region of present-day Yemen, in the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Ma'in.
Alabama Crimson Tide women's basketball
The Alabama Crimson Tide women's basketball program represents the University of Alabama in the sport of women's basketball. The team competes in the Southeastern Conference and National Collegiate Athletic Association. They are coached by eighth-year head coach Kristy Curry.

1992 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament
The 1992 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament began on March 18 and ended on April 5. The tournament featured 48 teams. The Final Four consisted of Virginia Cavaliers, Stanford Cardinal, Southwest Missouri State Lady Bears (now known as Missouri State), and Western Kentucky Lady Toppers, with Stanford defeating Western Kentucky 78–62 to win its second NCAA title. Stanford's Molly Goodenbour was named the Most Outstanding Player of the tournament.
Stigmella nivenburgensis
Stigmella nivenburgensis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found from Lithuania and central Russia to the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and Greece. It has also reported from Turkmenistan.

There are at least three generations on Rhodes.

The larvae feed on Salix alba, S. babylonica, Salix x fragilis,  Salix x salamonii  and S. triandra.

Salix babylonica
Salix babylonica (Babylon willow or weeping willow; Chinese: 垂柳; pinyin: chuí liǔ) is a species of willow native to dry areas of northern China, Korea, Mongolia, Japan, and Siberia but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in Asia, being traded along the Silk Road to southwest Asia and Europe.
Exportation (logic)
Exportation is a valid rule of replacement in propositional logic. The rule allows conditional statements having conjunctive antecedents to be replaced by statements having conditional consequents and vice versa in logical proofs. It is the rule that:

Where "" is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a proof with." In strict terminology,  is the law of exportation, for it "exports" a proposition from the antecedent of  to its consequent. Its converse, the law of importation, , "imports" a proposition from the consequent of  to its antecedent.

Symbol (formal)
A logical symbol is a fundamental concept in logic, tokens of which may be marks or a configuration of marks which form a particular pattern. Although the term symbol in common use sometimes refers to the idea being symbolized, and at other times to the marks on a piece of paper or chalkboard which are being used to express that idea; in the formal languages studied in mathematics and logic, the term symbol refers to the idea, and the marks are considered to be a token instance of the symbol. In logic, symbols build literal utility to illustrate ideas.
Abraham Darby I
Abraham Darby, in his later life called Abraham Darby the Elder, now sometimes known for convenience as Abraham Darby I (14 April 1677 – 5 May 1717, the first and best known of several men of that name), was a British ironmaster and foundryman. Born into an English Quaker family that played an important role in the Industrial Revolution, Darby developed a method of producing pig iron in a blast furnace fuelled by coke rather than charcoal. This was a major step forward in the production of iron as a raw material for the Industrial Revolution.

Foundry
A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal into a mold, and removing the mold material after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminium and cast iron. However, other metals, such as bronze, brass, steel, magnesium, and zinc, are also used to produce castings in foundries. In this process, parts of desired shapes and sizes can be formed.

Foundries are one of the largest contributors to the manufacturing recycling movement, melting and recasting millions of tons of scrap metal every year to create new durable goods. Moreover, many foundries use sand in their molding process. These foundries often use, recondition, and reuse sand, which is another form of recycling.