hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panamius
Panamius is a genus of cichlid fishes found in moderately flowing rivers and streams in Panama. The only species within Panamius is Panamius panamensis.  Panamius had been previously considered a subgenus within the genus Cryptoheros.  Prior to being classified within Cryptoheros it was sometimes included within the genus Neetroplus. P. panamensis reaches up to 13 cm (5.1 in) in length and primarily feeds on aufwuchs.

Periphyton
Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems. The related term aufwuchs (German 'surface growth' or 'overgrowth', pronounced [ˈaʊ̯fˌvuːks] ⓘ) refers to the collection of small animals and plants that adhere to open surfaces in aquatic environments, such as parts of rooted plants.

Periphyton serves as an important food source for invertebrates, tadpoles, and some fishes. It can also absorb contaminants, removing them from the water column and limiting their movement through the environment. The periphyton is also an important indicator of water quality; responses of this community to pollutants can be measured at a variety of scales representing physiological to community-level changes. Periphyton has often been used as an experimental system in, e.g., pollution-induced community tolerance studies.
Count–min sketch
In computing, the count–min sketch (CM sketch) is a probabilistic data structure that serves as a frequency table of events in a stream of data. It uses hash functions to map events to frequencies, but unlike a hash table uses only sub-linear space, at the expense of overcounting some events due to collisions. The count–min sketch was invented in 2003 by Graham Cormode and S. Muthu Muthukrishnan and described by them in a 2005 paper.

Count–min sketch is an alternative to count sketch and AMS sketch and can be considered an implementation of a counting Bloom filter (Fan et al., 1998) or multistage-filter.  However, they are used differently and therefore sized differently: a count–min sketch typically has a sublinear number of cells, related to the desired approximation quality of the sketch, while a counting Bloom filter is more typically sized to match the number of elements in the set.

S. Muthukrishnan (computer scientist)
S.  ("Muthu") Muthukrishnan is a computer scientist of Indian origin, known for his work in streaming algorithms, auction design, and pattern matching. He is vice president of sponsored products, Amazon Advertising.

Previously, he was a professor of computer science at Rutgers University.
Howdy Moon
Howdy Moon was the sole album by the band Howdy Moon, released in 1974. The band included Valerie Carter, Richard Hovey and Jon Lind. 
Howdy Moon was formed on the ashes of another group, RJ Fox, a vocal trio in the genre of Crosby, Stills & Nash of which Richard Hovey was the leader. In 1972 Valerie Carter also began working with the group, however, broke up shortly after. The two artists decide to continue their collaboration also involving singer-songwriter Jon Lind and giving life to Howdy Moon.

They were signed by A&M Records and played at The Troubadour. Many of the musicians from the band Little Feat are featured on the album.

After Howdy Moon disbanded, Lowell George produced Just a Stone's Throw Away, Valerie Carter's first solo album. The song "Cook With Honey", written by Carter, was also a minor hit for Judy Collins.

Troubadour (West Hollywood, California)
The Troubadour is a nightclub located in West Hollywood, California, United States, at 9081 Santa Monica Boulevard just east of Doheny Drive and the border of Beverly Hills.  Inspired by a visit to the newly opened Troubadour café in London, it was opened in 1957 by Doug Weston as a coffee house on La Cienega Boulevard, then moved to its current location shortly after opening and has remained open continuously since. It was a major center for folk music in the 1960s, and subsequently for singer-songwriters and rock. In 2011, a documentary about the club, Troubadours: Carole King / James Taylor & The Rise of the Singer-Songwriter, was released.
Natália Kelly
Natália Kelly (born December 18, 1994) is an American-Austrian singer. She currently resides in Bad Vöslau, Lower Austria. Kelly represented Austria at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö, Sweden, with the song "Shine".

Lower Austria
Lower Austria (German: Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ, Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).
Thurlo McCrady
Thurlo E. "Mac" McCrady (July 31, 1907 – May 27, 1999) was an American football, basketball, and track coach, college athletics administrator, and professional sports executive. He served as the head football coach at Hastings College in Hastings, Nebraska from 1932 to 1940 and South Dakota State University in Brookings, South Dakota from 1941 to 1946. McCrady was also the athletic director at South Dakota State  fem 1941 to 1947 and Kansas State University from 1947 to 1951. He was the assistant commissioner of the American Football League (AFL) from 1959 to 1967 and executive director of the American Basketball Association (ABA) from 1967 to 1976.

McCrady graduated from Hasting in 1929 and earned a master's degree in physical education at the University of Southern California in 1940. He died on May 27, 1999, at his home in Lake San Marcos, California.

Hastings College
Hastings College is a private four-year college in Hastings, Nebraska, United States. The college was founded in 1882 and is a Presbyterian affiliated college. The campus includes 40 buildings, twelve of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The college's mascot is known as the Broncos.
The Kitten from Lizyukov Street
The Kitten from Lizyukov Street (Russian: Котёнок с улицы Лизюкова, romanized: Kotyonok s Ulitsy Lizyukova) is a 1988 Soviet animated film directed by Vyacheslav Kotyonochkin of Soyuzmultfilm animation studio.

The film features the voices of popular artists Vyacheslav Nevinny and Olga Aroseva. The fairy tale story drawn in traditional animation describes the life of kitten Vasily who finds it difficult living in the African wilderness as a hippopotamus. Kitten Vasiliy is nostalgic for the days of his homeland, Lizyukov Street in Voronezh, Russia. In 2003 a sculpture was opened in Voronezh, featuring the characters  Vasily and the crow.

Voronezh
Voronezh (/vəˈroʊnɪʃ, -ˈrɒn-/ və-ROH-nish, -⁠RO-; Russian: Воронеж, IPA: [vɐˈronʲɪʂ] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia, straddling the Voronezh River 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising to 1,057,681 in the 2021 Census, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
Casino Theatre (New York City)
The Casino Theatre was a Broadway theatre located at 1404 Broadway and West 39th Street in New York City. Built in 1882, it was a leading presenter of mostly musicals and operettas until it closed in 1930.

The theatre was the first in New York to be lit entirely by electricity, popularized the chorus line and later introduced white audiences to African-American shows. It originally seated approximately 875 people, however the theatre was enlarged in 1894 and again in 1905, after a fire, when its capacity was enlarged to 1,300 seats. It hosted a number of long-running comic operas, operettas and musical comedies, including Erminie, Florodora, The Vagabond King and The Desert Song. It closed in 1930 and was demolished the same year.

Chorus line
A chorus line is a large group of dancers who together perform synchronized routines, usually in musical theatre. Sometimes, singing is also performed. While synchronized dancing indicative of a chorus line was vogue during the first half of the 20th century, modern theatre uses the terms "ensemble" and "chorus" to indicate all supporting players in a stage production.
Meyerhofferite
Meyerhofferite is a hydrated borate mineral of calcium, with the chemical formula  Ca2B6O6(OH)10·2H2O, CaB3O3(OH)5·H2O or Ca2(H3B3O7)2·4H2O. It occurs principally as an alteration product of inyoite, another borate mineral.

Natural meyerhofferite was discovered in 1914 in Death Valley, California It is named for German chemist Wilhelm Meyerhoffer (1864–1906), collaborator with J. H. van't Hoff on the composition and origin of saline minerals, who first synthesized the compound.

Borate
A borate is any of a range of boron oxyanions, anions containing boron and oxygen, such as orthoborate BO3−3, metaborate BO−2, or tetraborate B4O2−7; or any salt of such anions, such as sodium metaborate, Na+[BO2]− and borax (Na+)2[B4O7]2−. The name also refers to esters of such anions, such as trimethyl borate B(OCH3)3.
Sasson Report
The Sasson Report is an official Israeli government report published on 8 March 2005 that concluded that Israeli state bodies had been discreetly diverting millions of shekels to build West Bank settlements and outposts that were illegal under Israeli law. The report was commissioned by the Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, and was headed by the former head of the State Prosecution Criminal Department Talia Sasson. Talia Sasson would later run for the Israeli elections as part of the left wing party Meretz.

Israeli new shekel
The new Israeli shekel (Hebrew: שֶׁקֶל חָדָשׁ, romanized: sheqel ẖadash, pronounced [ˈʃekel χaˈdaʃ] ⓘ; Arabic: شيكل جديد, romanized: šēkal jadīd; sign: ₪; ISO code: ILS; unofficial abbreviation: NIS), also known as simply the Israeli shekel (Hebrew: שקל ישראלי, romanized: sheqel yisreʾeli; Arabic: شيكل إسرائيلي, romanized: šēkal ʾisrāʾīlī), is the currency of Israel and is also used as a de facto legal tender in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The new shekel is divided into 100 agorot. The new shekel has been in use since 1 January 1986, when it replaced the hyperinflated old shekel at a ratio of 1000:1.

The currency sign for the new shekel ⟨ ₪ ⟩ is a combination of the first Hebrew letters of the words shekel (ש‎) and ẖadash (ח‎) (new). When the shekel sign is unavailable the abbreviation NIS (ש״ח and ش.ج) is used.
Matt Hampson
Matthew "Hambo" Hampson OBE (born 29 November 1984 is an English former rugby union prop who became paralysed from the neck down (C4/5 tetraplegic), after a scrummaging accident when practising with England under-21 squad in March 2005. His condition requires permanent use of a ventilator to breathe.

Hampson took up rugby as a 5-year old for Oakham, joining Syston RFC when he was 12. He joined Leicester Tigers academy at the under 16 age group and was made an apprentice for the 2001/2 season. He was regarded as a promising prop and although he had not made his Leicester debut he had been an unused bench replacement. He had played both for Bedford Blues and Nuneaton R.F.C. while on loan. He had also played for England U18 and England U21.

Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis (paraplegia is similar but affects the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord, and arm function is retained). The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic. A loss of sensory function can present as an impairment or complete inability to sense light touch, pressure, heat, pinprick/pain, and proprioception. In these types of spinal cord injury, it is common to have a loss of both sensation and motor control.
1915 Preston by-election
The 1915 Preston by-election was held on 9 June 1915.  The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Alfred Aspinall Tobin, becoming a county court judge.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Urban H. Broughton who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.

War-time electoral pact
The war-time electoral pact was an electoral pact established by the member parties of the United Kingdom coalition governments in the First World War, and re-established in the Second World War. Under the pact, in the event of a by-election only the party which previously held the seat would nominate a candidate, and the other coalition parties would stand aside.

This led to a number of unopposed by-elections as well as strong showings and surprise victories by third party candidates.

The 1914 to 1918 truce was officially broken in June 1918 when the Labour Party decided that the truce should no longer be recognised, although no Labour candidates were nominated before the 1918 General Election.
Stanisław Kazimierz Kossakowski
Stanisław Kazimierz Kossakowski (born 3 July 1837, died 4 November 1905) was a Polish–Lithuanian heraldist, photographer, and landowner. He came from the noble Kossakowski, who used the Korwin cognomen and the Ślepowron coat of arms. He owned the Vaitkuškis manor in Lithuania and a palace on New World Street in Warsaw. He authored a multi-volume work documenting the genealogy of many Polish noble families. He left behind a rich collection of photographs capturing the social life of Belarus, Lithuania, and Poland.

New World Street, Warsaw
Nowy Świat (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈɕfjat] ⓘ), known in English as New World Street, is one of the main historic thoroughfares of Warsaw, Poland. It comprises part of the Royal Route (Trakt królewski) that extends from Warsaw's Royal Castle and Old Town, south to King John III Sobieski's 17th-century royal residence at Wilanów.
Sir Isaac Brock Bridge
The Sir Isaac Brock Bridge is a steel Warren truss bridge in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It carries Bathurst Street over the Union Station Rail Corridor between Front Street and Fort York Boulevard. The bridge carries four lanes for motor vehicles with the centre lanes containing the streetcar tracks of the Toronto Transit Commission's 511 Bathurst streetcar route.

The Bridge was formerly named The Bathurst Street Bridge before changing names and being named after Isaac Brock.

Toronto Transit Commission
The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the primary public transport agency in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operating the majority of the city's bus and rail services. It is the oldest and largest of the urban transit service providers in Canada, with numerous connections to systems serving its surrounding municipalities.

Established as the Toronto Transportation Commission in 1921, the TTC owns and operates five rapid transit lines with 109 stations, more than 150 bus routes, and nine streetcar lines. In 2025, the system had a total of 800,212,000 boardings. The TTC is the most heavily used urban transit system in Canada.
First Methodist Church of Rockwall
First Methodist Church of Rockwall is a historic church at 303 E. Rusk in downtown Rockwall, Texas. The church was built in 1913 for Rockwall's Methodist congregation, which formed in 1856 and had previously met in a wooden church building. Architect George Lindsey of Greenville designed the Mission Revival building, which cost the congregation over $15,000. The one-and-a-half story brick building features two square towers on the southern corners, curved Mission-style parapets atop the south and west facades, and round arched doors and windows. The church's original interior followed the Akron Plan, in which the Sunday school space allowed for both large all-school gatherings and smaller classes based on age.

The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Greenville, Texas
Greenville (locally /ˈɡriːnvəl/ GREEN-vəl) is the county seat of and the most populous city in Hunt County, Texas, United States. As the "Gateway to East Texas", Greenville is located in Northeast Texas approximately 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Dallas and 30 miles (48 km) west of Sulphur Springs. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 28,164.

Greenville was named for Thomas J. Green, a significant contributor to the founding of the Texas Republic.
Plotting (video game)
Plotting is a  tile-matching puzzle video game published by Taito in 1989. It is called Flipull (フリップル, Furippuru) in Japan as well as in versions for the Famicom and Game Boy. As Plotting it was ported to the Atari ST, Amiga, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, GX4000, and ZX Spectrum. The game bears strong graphical and some gameplay similarities to Puzznic.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
2025 Nueva Vizcaya local elections
Local elections were held in Nueva Vizcaya on May 12, 2025, as part of the 2025 Philippine general election. Nueva Vizcaya voters elected a governor, a vice governor, and 10 out of 14 members of the Nueva Vizcaya Provincial Board.

Carlos Padilla (politician)
Carlos Mapili Padilla (Tagalog pronunciation: [paˈdilja]; September 19, 1944 – May 5, 2023) was a Filipino politician who served as the governor of Nueva Vizcaya from 2016 until his death in 2023. Padilla was elected to his first term as governor in 2016 and was re-elected in 2019 and 2022.
Peridea ferruginea
Peridea ferruginea, the chocolate prominent, is a species of prominent moth in the family Notodontidae. It was described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1864 and is found in North America. In 2018, Miller et al. distinguished Peridea bordeloni, whose larvae specialize on river birch Betula nigra, as a separate species, though P. bordeloni has previously been identified as P. ferruginea.

The MONA or Hodges number for Peridea ferruginea is 7921.

Alpheus Spring Packard
Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. LL.D. (February 19, 1839 – February 14, 1905) was an American entomologist and palaeontologist. He described over 500 new animal species – especially butterflies and moths – and was one of the founders of The American Naturalist. He served as a professor at Brown University.
Dimethyltryptamine/β-carbolines
Dimethyltryptamine/β-carbolines, also known as DMT/harmine/harmaline/THH, is a combination of dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a tryptamine serotonin receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic, and the β-carbolines and reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs) harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine (THH), which is under development for potential medical use.

It is a form of pharmahuasca (pharmaceutical ayahuasca), in which DMT is combined with synthetically produced monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) as opposed to a plant-derived form such as Banisteriopsis caapi as in ayahuasca. The β-carbolines, acting as RIMAs, inhibit the metabolism of DMT, in turn greatly potentiating DMT and allowing it to become orally active.

The combination is being developed by Psychae Therapeutics. As of 2025, it is in phase 1 clinical trials.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Sheigetz
Sheigetz or shegetz (שייגעץ or in Hebrew שֵׁיְגֶּץ; alternative Romanizations incl. shaygetz, shaigetz, sheygets) with the alternative form shkotz (plural: sheygetses and shkotzim, respectively) is a Yiddish word that has entered English to refer to a non-Jewish boy or young man. It may also be used by an observant Jew when referring to a non-observant Jewish man. It is mostly used disparagingly, although it can also be used in appreciation by semantic reversal, similar to "rascal" becoming positive when used affectionately in regard to a teenager. It is sometimes used to describe a specifically undesirable or low-class non-Jew versus a decent non-Jew.

Contronym
A contronym or contranym is a word with two opposite meanings. For example, the word cleave can mean "to cling" or "to split apart". This feature is also called enantiosemy, enantionymy (enantio- means "opposite"), antilogy or autoantonymy. An enantiosemic term is by definition polysemic (having more than one meaning).
Playa de Oro International Airport
Manzanillo International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Manzanillo); officially Aeropuerto Internacional Playa de Oro (Playa de Oro International Airport) (IATA: ZLO, ICAO: MMZO) is an international airport located in Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. It manages domestic and international air traffic for the state of Colima and southern Jalisco, serving as an international gateway to the Mexican tourist destination of Manzanillo. Owned by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacífico, the airport is named after the neighboring Playa de Oro ("Gold Beach"), itself named for the gold lost in the 1862 wreck of the SS Golden Gate. In 2024, it handled 208,400  passengers, increasing to 231,200 in 2025.

SS Golden Gate (1851)
The S.S. Golden Gate was a mail and passenger steamer that operated between San Francisco and Panama City from 1851 to 1862.
On its last voyage from San Francisco it caught fire and was destroyed with the loss of 204 lives off Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico.
The ship was carrying $1,400,000 in gold coins for Wells Fargo, as well as large amounts of gold and coins for the passengers.
Much of this was retrieved, but amateurs continue to search for gold with metal detectors on what is now called the Playa de Oro (Gold Beach).
Stacey Morris
Stacey Morris is an American barber and hairdresser. She was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Makeup and Hairstyling for the film Coming 2 America.

In addition to her Academy Award nomination, she was nominated for six Primetime Emmy Awards in the category Outstanding Hairstyling, and for seven MUAHS awards, winning once. She has been a personal barber-stylist for Eddie Murphy, Anthony Anderson, Lil Nas X, and Alfonso Ribiero.

Barber
A barber is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave hair or beards. A barber's place of work is known as a barbershop or the barber's. Barbershops have been noted places of social interaction and public discourse since at least classical antiquity. In some instances, barbershops were also public forums. They were the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues.

In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards in Anglophonic cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair.