hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attributional ambiguity
Attributional ambiguity is a psychological attribution concept describing the difficulty that members of stigmatized or negatively stereotyped groups may have in interpreting feedback. According to this concept,  a person who perceives themselves as stigmatized can attribute negative feedback to prejudice. This can lead stigmatized group members to feel uncertainty about whether negative outcomes are due to discrimination against them or their own behavior. In comparison, they might discredit positive feedback as a form of sympathy rather than seeing it as the result of their ability and achievement. The term was coined by Melvin Snyder, Robert E. Kleck, Angelo Strenta, and Steven J. Mentzer in 1979 before being popularized by Jennifer Crocker, Brenda Major and their colleagues in the 1990s.

Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality, preferences, appearance or ability. Stereotypes make information processing easier by allowing the perceiver to rely on previously stored knowledge in place of incoming information. Stereotypes are often faulty, inaccurate, and resistant to new information. Although stereotypes generally have negative implications, they are not necessarily so; they may be positive, neutral, or negative. They can be broken down into two categories: explicit stereotypes, which are conscious, and implicit stereotypes, which are subconscious.
Ella Leya
Ella Leya is an American composer, singer, and writer born in Baku, Azerbaijan.

Her album releases include "Queen of Night," "Russian Romance" and "Secret Lives of Women."

"Queen of Night" — and especially the songs Kabbalistic Prayer and He’s Just A Little Boy — was a tribute to the memory of her son Sergey.

"Russian Romance" dug into her cultural heritage, combining classic Russian poetry, Middle Eastern rhythms and her atmospheric melodies.

"Secret Lives of Women" celebrates six of history’s most famous and infamous femme fatales: Princess Diana * Mata Hari * Cleopatra * Anne Boleyn * Sappho * Sarah Bernhardt.

Ella Leya has toured with her Jazz orchestra SELAH across Europe and the United States.

Her songs have appeared in various movies and TV shows, such as Ocean's Twelve, PU-239, My Sassy Girl, Dirty Sexy Money, Samantha Who.

Ella Leya's debut novel "The Orphan Sky" was published in 2015.

Mata Hari
Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch: [mɑrɣaːˈreːtaː ɣeːrˈtrœydaː ˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari (/ˈmɑːtə ˈhɑːri/ MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch: [ˈmaːtaː ˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye of the day'), was a Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy for Germany during World War I. She was executed by firing squad in France.

The idea of a beautiful exotic dancer using her powers of seduction as a spy made her name synonymous with the femme fatale. Mata Hari's story has inspired books, films, and other works. It has been said that she was convicted and condemned because the French Army needed a scapegoat, and that the files used to secure her conviction contained falsifications. Some have even stated that she could not have been a spy and was innocent.
Renzi (surname)
Renzi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Renzi (actor) (born 1963), Italian actor

Andrea Renzi (basketball) (born 1989), Italian professional basketball player

Anna Renzi (c.1620–after 1660), Italian opera singer

Carli Renzi (born 1982), Australian judo competitor and wrestler

Clement Renzi (1925–2009), American sculptor

Eva Renzi (1944–2005), German actress

Grace Renzi (1922–2011), American painter

Lorenzo Renzi (born 1939), Italian linguist and philologist

Maggie Renzi (born 1951), American film producer and actress

Matteo Renzi (born 1975), 56th Prime Minister of Italy

Mike Renzi (1941–2021), American composer, music director, pianist and jazz musician

Nicola Renzi (born 1979), Sammarinese politician

Pina Renzi (1901–1984), Italian film actress

Renzo Renzi (born 1956), Sammarinese politician

Rick Renzi (born 1958), American politician

Clement Renzi
Clement Renzi (born as Clement Edward Joseph Peter Renzi; 1925–2009) was an American sculptor whose figurative bronze and terra cotta works depict people, human relationships, animals, and birds. His work has been popular with collectors in California's Central Valley and is placed in more than 60 public venues, primarily in that region.
Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (October 4, 1841 – March 23, 1924) was an American autodidact physicist and meteorologist. He was the first professor hired at Ohio State University in 1873 and the superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (one of the ancestor organizations of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) from 1889 to 1894. Alongside his work, he was also an advocate for the adoption of the metric system by the United States and is the father of author profiling.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Volčje, Brežice
Volčje (pronounced [ʋɔu̯ˈtʃjeː], German: Woltschje) is a village in the hills north of Brežice in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).
American Oil Chemists' Society
The American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) is an international professional organization based in Urbana, Illinois dedicated to providing the support network for those involved with the science and technology related to fats, oils, surfactants, and other related materials.

Founded in 1909, AOCS has approximately 2,000 members in 90 countries who are active in a total of ten divisions and six sections, of which only one of the sections is within the United States.

Urbana, Illinois
Urbana (/ɜːrˈbænə/ ur-BAN-ə) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, Urbana had a population of 38,336. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020. Urbana is notable for sharing the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Champaign.
Hyundai Mufasa
The Hyundai Mufasa (Chinese: 现代沐飒; pinyin: Xiàndài Mùsà) is a compact crossover SUV produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai through its Beijing Hyundai joint venture in China since 2023, and Taiwan since 2025.

Compact crossover SUV
Compact crossover SUV is an automobile classification used mainly in North America to describe a segment of crossover SUV, a type of sport utility vehicle, between subcompact crossover SUV and mid-size crossover SUV.

By the late 2010s, the segment had emerged as the most popular automobile segment in several regions. For example, nearly one in every four cars sold in the United States in 2019 was a compact crossover, at about 24.2 percent.

The best-selling vehicle in the segment in 2020 was the Toyota RAV4, with 995,762 units sold globally. It was also the second best-selling automobile in the world after the Toyota Corolla in 2021.
Hong Kong men's national ice hockey team
The Hong Kong national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey team of Hong Kong and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Hong Kong currently competes in Division III of the IIHF World Championships. As of December 2025, Hong Kong is ranked 48th in the IIHF World Ranking and 13th in the Asian Ranking.

IIHF World Championship Division III
The IIHF World Championship Division III are an annual sports event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It was the lowest level of the IIHF World Championships until the formation of Division IV for 2020.
Campion House
Campion House was a Roman catholic college run by the Society of Jesus in the Archdiocese of Westminster. It was situated in Osterley on the Thornbury Road, off the A4 road, in the London Borough of Hounslow.

A4 road (England)
The A4 is a major road in England from Central London to Avonmouth via Heathrow Airport, Reading, Bath and Bristol. It is historically known as the Bath Road with newer sections including the Great West Road and Portway. The road was once the main route from London to Bath, Bristol and the west of England and formed, after the A40, the second main western artery from London.

Although most traffic is carried by the M4 motorway today, the A4 still acts as the main route from Bristol to London for non-motorway traffic.
Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts
Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts refer to a series of military engagements between Morocco and Portugal throughout history from 1415 to 1769.

The first military conflict, in 21 August 1415, took the form of a surprise assault on Ceuta by 45,000 Portuguese soldiers who traveled on 200 ships. It was later followed by the Siege of Ceuta in 1419. These events marked the beginning of the decline of the Marinid Sultanate and the start of the Portuguese Empire.

The major battle, Battle of Alcácer Quibir, fought at Ksar-el-Kebir on 4 August 1578, was a catalyst for the 1580 Portuguese succession crisis. This resulted in a dynastic union between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of Spain.

The conflicts ended when Portugal lost Mazagan (El Jadida) in 1769 to the 'Alawite Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah.

Ksar el-Kebir
Ksar el-Kebir (Arabic: القصر الكبير, romanized: al-Qaṣr al-Kabīr), also known as al-Qasr al-Kabir, is a city in northwestern Morocco, about 160 kilometres (99 mi) north of Rabat, 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Larache and 110 kilometres (68 mi) south of Tangier. It recorded a population of 126,617 in the 2014 Moroccan census.

The name means "the big castle". The city is located nearby the Loukous River, making El-Ksar-el-Kebir one of Morocco's richest agricultural regions. El-Ksar el-Kebir provides almost 20% of the needed sugar of Morocco.

Neighbouring cities and towns include Larache, Chefchaouen, Arbaoua, and Tatoft.
Port-Daniel River
The Rivière Port-Daniel flows in the administrative region of Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec, Canada. More specifically, this river crosses successively:

the southern part of the unorganized territory of Rivière-Bonaventure (township of Weir), in the Bonaventure Regional County Municipality; and

the municipality of Port-Daniel–Gascons ("Rivière-Port-Daniel" sector), in the MRC Le Rocher-Percé Regional County Municipality.

The "Rivière Port-Daniel" is a tributary of the north shore of the barachois of the hamlet of "Rivière-Port-Daniel" which opens to the south in the bay of Port-Daniel, located on the north shore of the Chaleur Bay; the latter in turn opens eastward onto the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Gulf of St. Lawrence
The Gulf of St. Lawrence is a gulf that fringes the shores of the provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, in Canada, plus the islands Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, possessions of France, in North America.

The Gulf of St. Lawrence connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence River.
Shae Bolton-Brown
Shae Bolton-Brown (née Bolton, formerly Shae Brown; born 28 June 1989 in Melbourne, Australia) is a former Australian netball player.

Bolton-Brown's domestic career began with the Melbourne Kestrels in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy in 2006. She moved to the West Coast Fever in 2008, a team she played for in the ANZ Championship for close to a decade. From 2017 onwards she played for the Collingwood Magpies in the Suncorp Super Netball league. Bolton-Brown announced her retirement from professional netball at the end of the 2018 season.

Both her uncle, Mark Bolton, and her former husband, Mitch Brown, have played professional Australian rules football. Bolton-Brown played for the Australian Fast5 team in the 2012 Fast5 Netball World Series where she spent time playing Goal Attack.

Bolton-Brown joined the Melbourne Mavericks as head of netball operations in August 2023.

Rules of netball
Netball is a ball sport for two teams of seven players; its rules are published in print and online by the World Netball. Games are played on a rectangular court divided into thirds, with a raised goal at each short end. The objective of the game is for teams to score goals, by passing a ball and shooting it into the opposite team's goal ring. Players are assigned "positions" that define their role within the team and restrict their movement on court.

During general play, a player with the ball can take no more than one step before passing it, and must pass the ball or shoot for goal within three seconds. Goals can only be scored by the assigned shooting players. Netball games are 60 minutes long, divided into 15-minute quarters, at the end of which the team with more goals scored wins.
District School No. 3
District School No. 3 can refer to the following:

District School No. 3 (Rockfield, Indiana), listed on the NRHP in Indiana

District School No. 3 (Chaumont, New York), listed on the NRHP in New York

District School No. 3 (Castleton-on-Hudson, New York), listed on the NRHP in New York

District School No. 3 (Rockfield, Indiana)
District School No. 3, also known as Rock Creek Township School No. 3, Election School, and Martin School, is a historic school building located in Rockfield, Indiana in Rock Creek Township, Carroll County, Indiana. It was built in 1874, and is a one-story, rectangular red brick building with Greek Revival and Italianate style design elements.  It has a front gable roof and sits on a fieldstone foundation.: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Henry (ship)
Several ships have been named Henry:

Henry (1819 ship) was a sailing ship built at Quebec, Canada. She initially sailed between London and Quebec, but then she made two voyages transporting convicts from England to Australia. She was wrecked in the Torres Strait in 1825.

Henry (1820 ship) was a sloop launched at Plymouth. She sailed to the New South Shetland Islands and returned from there on 12 May 1822. Thereafter she sailed between Plymouth or London and Malaga. She had undergone lengthening in 1824, and conversion to a cutter c.1837. She was last listed in 1843.

Henry (1826 ship) was a merchant ship built in Buckler's Hard, England. She made one voyage transporting convicts from Mauritius to Australia. She grounded off Fremantle in 1841 and was refloated, only to disappear after leaving Moulmein.

SS Henry, a Norwegian steam-powered cargo ship best known for being one of the two ships sunk in one of the most controversial incidents in Norway during the Second World War

Buckler's Hard
Buckler's Hard is a hamlet in the civil parish Beaulieu, in the New Forest district, in the county Hampshire, England, on the banks of the Beaulieu River. With its two rows of Georgian cottages running down to the river, Buckler's Hard is part of the 9,000-acre (3,600-hectare) Beaulieu Estate. The hamlet is 2+1⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) south of the village Beaulieu.
1991 Chevrolet Classic
The 1991 Chevrolet Classic was a men's tennis tournament held in Guarujá in Brazil and played on outdoor hardcourt. It was part of the World Series category of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and took place from 4 February through 11 February 1991. Unseeded Patrick Baur won the singles title.

Guarujá
Guarujá (/ɡwɑːrʊˈʒɑː/; Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡwaɾuˈʒa]) is a municipality in the São Paulo state of Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of the Baixada Santista. The population is 311,116 (2022 preliminary census count) in an area of 143.58 km2 (55.44 sq mi). This place name comes from the Tupi language, and means "narrow path". The population is highly urbanized, forms a 2nd urban core and beachfront island across the river from São Vicente Island, the island (Ilha de Santo Amaro) is coterminous with the municipality, with exception of small offshore isles like Ilha dos Arvoredos.
Fitzbillies
52°12′07″N 0°07′05″E﻿ / ﻿52.202°N 0.1181°E﻿ / 52.202; 0.1181

Fitzbillies is a small chain of three bakery-cafes in Cambridge, England. The company is known for its Chelsea buns.

It was founded in November 1920 as an independent bakery on Trumpington Street, Cambridge, taking its name from its location near Fitzwilliam Museum.

Fitzbillies suffered from two bankruptcies, in 1980 and 2011, but in both cases recovered from the bankruptcy and resumed business. A fire in 1998 saw the bakery partially closed for two years.

Following the 2011 bankruptcy, a public appeal by broadcaster and Cambridge alumnus Stephen Fry encouraged restaurateur Tim Hayward to buy Fitzbillies and reopen it. Later Fitzbillies expanded to three locations, including Bridge Street (open 2016) and King's Parade (open 2023).

Trumpington Street
Trumpington Street is a major historic street in central Cambridge, England. At the north end it continues as King's Parade where King's College is located. To the south it continues as Trumpington Road (the A1134), an arterial route out of Cambridge, at the junction with Lensfield Road.
Zonbu
Zonbu was a technology company that marketed a computing platform which combined a web-centric service, a small form factor PC, and an open source based software architecture. Zonbu was founded by Alain Rossmann (previously founder and CEO of Openwave) and Gregoire Gentil (previously co-founder of Twingo Systems).

Openwave
Openwave Systems Inc. (formerly software.com, phone.com, and Libris, Inc.) is a division of Enea. It provides video traffic management and 5G mobile products.

Two of Openwave's former products launched as private companies; Openwave Mobility and Openwave Messaging. Openwave contributed to early developments in the Mobile Internet.

Openwave pioneered HDML, a precursor to WML. Openwave was a founding member of the WAP Forum.
Koll
Koll is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adi Koll (born 1976), Israeli politician

Bill Koll (1923–2003), American sport wrestler

Claudia Koll (born 1965), Italian actress

Dominik Koll (born 1984), Austrian swimmer

Heinz Koll, Namibian rugby union player

Manuel Koll (born 1987), Austrian figure skater

Nathan Trent (born Nathanaele Koll, 1992), Austrian singer

Reena Koll (born 1996), Estonian pole vaulter

Richard Koll (1897–1963), German Wehrmacht general

Rob Koll, American sport wrestler and coach

Theo Koll (born 1958), German journalist

Reena Koll
Reena Koll (born 15 November 1996) is an Estonian pole vaulter.

Koll is the middle of three children to Hanno and Piret Koll (née Rasina). Her father, an athletic coach, acted as her trainer. Her mother was a track and field champion in her youth. Her younger brother is ice hockey player Harri Koll. She attended primary school in Jõgeva and secondary school in Jõhvi. Her personal best and an Estonian record is 4.36 metres, achieved in Tartu, July 2018.

Her indoor record is 4.31, achieved in February 2016, which is also a national record.
Robert Byng (painter)
Robert Byng (1666–1720) was an English portrait painter.

He was born in Wiltshire, the son of Thomas Byng (or Binge) and his wife Anne. His younger brother Edward Byng (c.1676-1753) was a drapery painter who was the principal assistant to Godfrey Kneller. Robert Byng's works show the influence of Kneller, and many of his drawings in the British Museum are studies of portraits by Kneller, which suggests he may have been a pupil of that artist. He died at Oxford in 1720.

The Philip Mould gallery in London states: "Too little is known of Byng's work as studio assistant to Sir Godfrey Kneller in his last years, and too much indifferent work is attributed to him on the basis purely of convenience".

Drapery painter
A drapery painter refers to a specialist painter commissioned to complete the dress, costumes and other accessories worn by the subjects of portrait paintings. They were employed by portrait painters with a large workshop in 18th century England. While the portraitist completed the face and hands, the drapery painter was responsible for the pose and costume.  The specialists were not necessarily assistants in the workshop of the portrait painters but rather subcontractors.
Brian McHale
Brian G. McHale (July 27, 1952 - July 27, 2025) was a US academic and literary theorist who wrote on a range of fiction and poetics, mainly relating to postmodernism and narrative theory. He was born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 27th, 1952. He was Distinguished Humanities Professor of English at Ohio State University. His area of expertise was Twentieth-Century British and American Literature. He died of metastatic melanoma on July 27, 2025 (his birthday).

Poetics Today
Poetics Today: International Journal for Theory and Analysis of Literature and Communication is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of poetics. The editors-in-chief are Irene Tucker and Milette Shamir.
Radical 206
Radical 206 meaning "sacrificial tripod" or "three-legged cauldron" (鼎部) is 1 of 4 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of 13 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary there are 14 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.