hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Compositing (democracy)
In deliberative procedure, compositing is the process of combining several motions into one composite motion.

The process of compositing motions may be desirable for two reasons. First, it can save the time of an assembly by avoiding presenting two or more similar motions.  Second, it can increase the amount of support for the main provisions of two or more motions by producing a composite motion for which the supporters of each motion are likely to vote.

The major disadvantages of compositing are also twofold. The motions composited may, in some respects, be dissimilar: some of their supporters will not wish to vote for some provisions of the combined motion. Some provisions may have to be omitted from the composite motions - to reduce its length or because the supporters of the original motions will not agree to them.

The procedure of submitting motions to some conferences includes one or more rounds of compulsory compositing; in other cases, the compositing may be informal.

Meeting
A meeting is when two or more people come together to discuss one or more topics, often in a formal or business setting, but meetings also occur in a variety of other environments. Meetings can be used as form of group decision-making and as a setting for sharing of information or intelligence.
Sophia Laukli
Sophia Laukli (born 8 June 2000) is an American cross-country skier and trailrunner from Yarmouth, Maine. Her highest World Cup finish was first in the freestyle 10 km event at Val di Fiemme on January 7, 2024. She previously skied for the Middlebury College ski team, where she earned All-American honors placing second in the 5k freestyle, and now races for the University of Utah ski team. She was named in the United States Ski Team for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

In 2023 she won the Marathon du Mont Blanc and Sierre-Zinal.

Laukli has dual citizenship through her Norwegian father and speaks fluent Norwegian.

Sierre-Zinal
The Sierre-Zinal race is an annual mountain running race that takes place in the Swiss canton of Valais each August. It is also known as the race of five 4000ers ("La course des cinq 4000"), as five peaks over four thousand meters are visible along its path: Weisshorn (4506 m), Zinalrothorn (4221 m), Obergabelhorn (4073 m), Matterhorn (4478 m), and Dent Blanche (4357 m).
Tannis Vallely
Tannis Kathleen Vallely (December 28, 1975 in New York City) is an American casting director and former child actress.

She played Zoé in the French film Une Femme ou Deux (English: One Woman or Two; 1985). She played Janice Lazzarotto on the ABC sitcom Head of the Class and Mary on 3-2-1 Contact.

She was a casting associate for X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009) and Total Recall (2012) and casting director for 1600 Penn (2012–13) and Siren (2018-20).

Casting (performing arts)
In the performing arts industry such as theatre, film, or television, casting, or a casting call, is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra to land the role of a character in a script, screenplay, or teleplay. This process may be used for a motion picture, television program, documentary film, music video, play, or advertisement intended for an audience.
Festival of Cartoon Art
The Festival of Cartoon Art was a triennial conference on the art of comics held at Ohio State University from 1983 to 2013. The conference was produced by what is now known as the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum.

Featuring two to three days of lectures, panel discussions, exhibitions, and receptions, the Festival attracted cartoonists, comics scholars, fans, collectors, and students. Leading cartoonists spoke at the festival, including Lynda Barry, Milton Caniff, Will Eisner, Jules Feiffer, Ben Katchor, Patrick Oliphant, Jeff Smith, Art Spiegelman, Garry Trudeau, and Bill Watterson. Exhibitions were generally shown at what is now known as the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum as well as other venues around Columbus, Ohio.

Will Eisner
William Erwin Eisner (/ˈaɪznər/ EYEZ-nər; March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an American cartoonist, writer, and entrepreneur. He was one of the earliest cartoonists to work in the American comic book industry, and his series The Spirit (1940–1952) was noted for its experiments in content and form. In 1978, he popularized the term "graphic novel" with the publication of his book A Contract with God. He was an early contributor to formal comics studies with his book Comics and Sequential Art (1985). The Eisner Award was named in his honor and is given to recognize achievements each year in the comics medium; he was one of the three inaugural inductees to the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame.
Fall of the Giants (Romano)
The Fall of the Giants is a full room fresco from floor to ceiling done by Italian Renaissance artist and architect Giulio Romano. Romano worked on the room from 1532 to 1534. It is located in the Palazzo de Te, Mantua, which was also designed and built by Romano. It was created for his patron  Federico II Gonzaga, the Duke of Mantua. The rooms of the Palazzo are said to tell the story of  Ovid's Metamorphoses. Also known as the Sala dei Giganti, it is one of twenty-seven rooms covered in illusionistic frescos done by Romano. This particular room is generally praised by scholars because of Romano's unique take on the Mannerist style. Theories surrounding the purpose of this room stretch from political commentary to an exposition on Federico II Gonzaga's character, though there is no evidence that either are true.

Giulio Romano
Giulio Pippi (c. 1499 – 1 November 1546), known as Giulio Romano and Jules Romain (US: /ˌdʒuːljoʊ rəˈmɑːnoʊ/ JOOL-yoh rə-MAH-noh, Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo roˈmaːno]; French: Jules Romain), was an Italian Mannerist painter and architect. He was a pupil of Raphael, and his stylistic deviations from High Renaissance classicism help define the sixteenth-century style known as Mannerism. Giulio's drawings have long been treasured by collectors; contemporary prints of them engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi were a significant contribution to the spread of sixteenth-century Italian style throughout Europe.
Ken Hobart
Kenneth Charles Hobart (born January 27, 1961) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the United States Football League (USFL) and the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1985 to 1990 and was an All-American at Idaho.

Lewis–Clark State College
Lewis-Clark State College is a public college in Lewiston, Idaho, United States. It was founded 132 years ago in 1893 and has an approximate annual enrollment of 3,600. The college offers more than 130 degrees.
Bennett, Colorado
Bennett is a statutory town located in Adams and Arapahoe counties, Colorado, United States. The town population was 2,862 at the 2020 United States census with 2,443 residing in Adams County and 419 residing in Arapahoe County.

Clive Cussler
Clive Eric Cussler (July 15, 1931 – February 24, 2020) was an American adventure novelist and underwater explorer. His thriller novels, many featuring the character Dirk Pitt, have been listed on The New York Times fiction best-seller list more than 20 times. Cussler was the founder and chairman of the National Underwater and Marine Agency (NUMA), which has discovered more than 60 shipwreck sites and numerous other notable underwater wrecks. He was the sole author or main author of more than 80 books. He often placed himself into his books as himself.
Sarah Enany
Sarah Enany (Arabic: ساره عناني) is a literary translator.

She has a PhD in drama and teaches at Cairo University.

She has translated works by Yusuf Idris, Mohamed Salmawy and Ahmed Aboul Gheit, but she is best known for her translation of the Galal trilogy by Kamal Ruhayyim. The first volume of the trilogy, Diary of a Jewish Muslim, was nominated for the Banipal Prize. Her translation of The Girl with Braided Hair by Rasha Adly was also nominated for the Banipal Prize for Arabic Literary Translation in 2021.

She also authored the acclaimed Arabic translation of Les Misérables.

Ahmed Aboul Gheit
Ahmed Aboul Gheit (Arabic: أحمد أبو الغيط [ˈæħmæd æbolˈɣeːtˤ], also: Abu al-Ghayt, Abu El Gheyt; born 12 June 1942) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat. He has been Secretary-General of the Arab League since July 2016. He was reappointed for a second term on 3 March 2021. Aboul-Gheit served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Egypt from 11 July 2004 to 6 March 2011. Previously, between 1999 and 2004, he was Egypt's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He was succeeded as Minister of Foreign Affairs by ICJ judge Nabil Elaraby in March 2011, following the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak. He was elected Secretary-General of the Arab League in March 2016, and his term commenced on 3 July 2016.

He was awarded the French Legion d'Honneur, first rank in 2002.
Blaž Gregorc
Blaž Gregorc (born 18 January 1990) is a Slovenian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for Fischtown Pinguins of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

Gregorc participated in the 2011 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Slovenia men's national ice hockey team. In the 2022–23 season, his second with Augsburger Panther, he provided one goal and nine points through 32 regular season matches, but could not help prevent the Panthers from finishing in a relegation position. Gregorc left the club after his contract expired on 17 March 2023.

Slovenia men's national ice hockey team
The Slovenia men's national ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Slovenia internationally. It is governed by the Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia. As of May 2025, Slovenia is ranked 15th in the world by the IIHF World Ranking. The team's biggest success is reaching the quarter-finals at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Their best record at the Ice Hockey World Championships is 13th place, achieved in 2002, 2005 and 2025.

Seven players from Slovenia have been drafted into the National Hockey League (NHL) since 1998; Anže Kopitar and Jan Muršak have played in the league.
Tunisian cuisine
Tunisian cuisine, the cuisine of Tunisia, consists of the cooking traditions, ingredients, recipes and techniques developed in Tunisia since  antiquity. It is mainly a blend of Arab, Mediterranean, Punic, and Berber cuisine. Historically, Tunisian cuisine witnessed influence and exchanges with many cultures and nations like Italians, Andalusians, French and Arabs.

Like many countries in the Mediterranean basin, the Tunisian cuisine is heavily based on olive oil, spices, tomatoes, seafood and meat. Yet, it has a distinctive spiciness that differs it from surrounding cuisines.

Cuisine
A cuisine  is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques, and dishes, and usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region. Regional food preparation techniques, customs and ingredients combine to enable dishes unique to a region.
Jeruzalem, Ljutomer
Jeruzalem (pronounced [jɛˈɾuːzalɛm]; German: Jerusalem) is a small settlement in the eastern part of the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) in the Municipality of Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Mura Statistical Region.

Slovene Hills
The Slovene Hills or the Slovenian Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice, German: Windische Bühel or Windische Büheln) is the largest hilly region of Slovenia, a smaller part is located in the Austrian province of Styria. It is situated in the northeast of the country and has an area of 1,017 square kilometres (393 sq mi). It comprises the Western Slovene Hills and the Eastern Slovene Hills (also named Prlekija). The region is known for its vineyards and wines. The central town and municipality is Lenart.
Latvia–Russia relations
Latvia–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between Latvia and Russia. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 11 August 1920 after the Latvian War of Independence ended in Latvian victory with Russia recognizing Latvian sovereignty and renounced all territorial claims on Latvia. Over the century, the countries had a complex and difficult relationship. Modern-day relations have been strained and mostly unfriendly.

Latvia has an embassy in Moscow, and Russia has an embassy in Riga. Both Russia and Latvia are members of the UN and OSCE.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Latvia downgraded diplomatic relations and expelled the Russian ambassador in January 2023.

Smoke grenade
A smoke grenade is a canister-type grenade used as a signaling device, target or landing zone marking device, or as a screening device for unit movements.

Smoke grenades are generally more complex and emit a far larger amount of smoke than smoke bombs, which are a type of firework typically started with an external fuse rather than a pin. Smoke grenades often cost around US$40 compared to smoke bombs, which can often cost just a few cents. The phrase "to smoke", meaning to fake, bluff, or beat around the bush, comes from the military usage of smoke grenades to obscure and conceal movement; similarly, "pop smoke", derived from a common way of ordering the use of smoke grenades, is used as a slang term for quickly leaving a place.
Asian American Women Artists Association
Asian American Women Artists Association (AAWAA) is a nonprofit arts organization that supports and promotes the work of Asian American women artists in the visual, literary, and performing arts through activities such as art events, lectures, artists salons, and member exhibitions.

Based in San Francisco, it was founded in 1989 by artists including Flo Oy Wong, Betty Kano, Moira Roth, and Bernice Bing.

Canyon Sam
Canyon Sam is an author, performance artist, and Tibetan rights activist. Her honors include the 2010 PEN American Center's Open Book Award, a National Endowment for the Arts scholarship, a San Francisco Arts Commission Individual Artist's grant in literature, and a Screenwriting Fellowship from the Center for Asian American Media, among others. She has published fiction, non-fiction, and drama in many publications.
HMAS Hobart
Three ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Hobart, for Hobart, the capital city of Tasmania.

HMAS Hobart (D63), a Leander-class light cruiser acquired from the Royal Navy in 1938, and operating until 1947.

HMAS Hobart (D 39), a Perth-class guided missile destroyer commissioned in 1965 and decommissioned in 2000.

HMAS Hobart (DDG 39), lead ship of the Hobart-class air warfare destroyers, commissioned in 2017.

HMAS Hobart (D63)
HMAS Hobart was a modified Leander-class light cruiser which served in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. Originally constructed for the Royal Navy as HMS Apollo, the ship entered service in 1936, and was sold to Australia two years later. During the war, Hobart was involved in the evacuation of British Somaliland in 1940, fought at the Battle of the Coral Sea and supported the amphibious landings at Guadalcanal and Tulagi in 1942. She was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine in 1943, then returned to service in 1945 and supported the landings at Tarakan, Wewak, Brunei, and Balikpapan. Hobart was placed in reserve in 1947, but plans to modernise her and return her to service as an aircraft carrier escort, training ship, or guided missile ship were not followed through. The cruiser was sold for scrapping in 1962.
Khakkhara
A khakkhara or shakujo (Sanskrit: खक्खर; Tibetan: འཁར་གསིལ, THL: khar sil; Chinese: 錫杖; pinyin: xīzhàng; Japanese: 錫杖; rōmaji: shakujō; Korean: 석장; romaja: seokjang; Vietnamese: tích trượng; lit. 'tin stick'; Khmer: ខាខារ), sometimes referred to in English as a 'pewter staff', is a staff topped with metal rings traditionally carried by Buddhist monks, particularly in  East Asian Buddhism.

Originally used as a noisemaker to announce a monk's presence and frighten away animals, it was adapted for use as a rhythmic instrument during chanting and sutra recitation, and for use as a weapon. It is also known as a "tiger pewter staff" (Chinese: 虎錫; pinyin: Hǔ xī), due to its traditional use of driving away predatory animals. The earliest recorded description of a khakkhara is in the writings of the Chinese pilgrim monk Yijing who traveled between China, Indonesia, and India in the years 671 to 695 AD.

Faxian
Faxian (337–c. 422 CE), formerly romanized as Fa-hien , Fa-hsien, and Hiuen Tsang was a Chinese Buddhist monk and translator who traveled on foot from Jin China to medieval India to acquire Buddhist scriptures. His birth name was Gong Sehi. Starting his journey about age 60, he traveled west along the overland Silk Road, visiting Buddhist sites in Central, South, and Southeast Asia. The journey and return took from 399 to 412, with 10 years spent in India.

Faxian's account of his pilgrimage, the Foguoji or Record of the Buddhist Kingdoms, is a notable independent record of early Buddhism in India. He returned to China with a large number of Sanskrit texts, whose translations greatly influenced East Asian Buddhism and provide a terminus ante quem for many historical names, events, texts, and ideas therein.
Turco-Persian wars
The term Turco-Persian wars can refer to two sets of conflicts between Turkic states and Persian states:

The Göktürk–Persian wars, between the Göktürks and the Sasanian Empire:

Perso-Turkic war of 588–589

Perso-Turkic war of 627–629

The Ottoman–Persian Wars, between the Ottoman Empire and a succession of Persian dynasties:

Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)

Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)

Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1612)

Ottoman–Safavid War (1616–1618)

Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639)

Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)

Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746)

Ottoman–Persian War (1775–1776)

Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823)

Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)
The Ottoman–Persian War of 1730–1735 was a conflict between the forces of Safavid Iran and those of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1735. After Ottoman support had failed to keep the Ghilzai Afghan invaders on the Iranian throne, the Ottoman possessions in western Iran, which were granted to them by the Hotak dynasty, came under risk of re-incorporation into the newly resurgent Iranian Empire. The talented Safavid general, Nader, gave the Ottomans an ultimatum to withdraw, which the Ottomans chose to ignore. A series of campaigns followed, with each side gaining the upper hand in a succession of tumultuous events that spanned half a decade. Finally, the Iranian victory at Yeghevard made the Ottomans sue for peace and recognize Iranian territorial integrity and Iranian hegemony over the Caucasus.
Billy Bush (music producer)
Billy Bush is a multi-Grammy nominated American record producer, audio engineer and mixer known for his work with Garbage, The Naked and Famous, Neon Trees, Julia Stone, Fink, Foster the People, Muse, Natasha Bedingfield, Jake Bugg, Ilse DeLange, and The Boxer Rebellion. He lives in Los Angeles and works from his studio Red Razor Sounds in Atwater Village.

In 1995, Bush was hired by Garbage to help reconcile the band's technology needs with their live performance for their first concert tour. Initially a guitar technician, he was promoted to production manager and live engineer. He remained with the group and performed audio engineering duties on each of their subsequent albums, working closely with Butch Vig. He later worked alongside Vig on records for artists including Beck, Alanis Morissette, Limp Bizkit, Korn and Ash. In 2010, Bush married Garbage lead singer Shirley Manson. He is currently represented by Global Positioning Services management.

Julia Stone
Julia Stone (born 13 April 1984) is an Australian folk singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. She is a sister of Angus Stone, with whom she has collaborated in professional music, and is also a solo musician. Her debut solo album, The Memory Machine, was released in September 2010. Her second solo album, By the Horns, was released in May 2012, and peaked at No. 11 on the ARIA Albums Chart.
Estádio José Maria de Campos Maia
Estádio Municipal José Maria de Campos Maia, known as José Maria de Campos Maia, is a multi-use stadium in Mirassol, São Paulo, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches, and has a maximum capacity of 14534 people.

Mirassol
Mirassol is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.  The city is located in the northern part of the state, 453 km from the city of São Paulo and 15 km from São José do Rio Preto. Mirassol has 60,303 inhabitants (IBGE/2020).

The city belongs to the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto.
Ceramics of Jalisco
Ceramics of Jalisco, Mexico has a history that extends far back in the pre Hispanic period, but modern production is the result of techniques introduced by the Spanish during the colonial period and the introduction of high-fire production in the 1950s and 1960s by Jorge Wilmot and Ken Edwards. Today various types of traditional ceramics such as bruñido, canelo and petatillo are still made, along with high fire types like stoneware, with traditional and nontraditional decorative motifs. The two main ceramics centers are Tlaquepaque and Tonalá, with a wide variety of products such as cookware, plates, bowls, piggy banks and many types of figures.

National Institute of Indigenous Peoples
The National Institute of Indigenous Peoples (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas, INPI, Tzotzil: Instituto Ta Sjunul Jlumaltik Sventa Batsi Jnaklometik, Q'eqchi': Molam Tk’anjelaq Chi Rixeb’ Laj Ralch’och’, Ixil: Jejleb’al Unq’a Tenam Kumool, Chocholtec: Ncha ndíe kie tía ndie xadë Ndaxingu, Awakatek: Ama’l Iloltetz e’ Kmon Qatanum) is a decentralized agency of the Mexican Federal Public Administration. It was established on December 4, 2018, though the earliest Mexican government agency for indigenous matters was created in 1948. It is headquartered in Mexico City and headed by Adelfo Regino Montes.
Craigavon City F.C.
Craigavon City Football Club is a Northern Irish intermediate football club based in Craigavon, County Armagh, playing in Intermediate Division B of the Mid-Ulster Football League. The club was founded in 2007. Club colours are white and navy.

They are a part of the Mid-Ulster Football Association. The club participates in the Irish Cup.

Mid-Ulster Football League
The Daily Mirror Mid-Ulster Football League, or simply referred to as the Mid-Ulster League, is an association football league in Northern Ireland. The league is overseen by the Mid-Ulster Football Association. It contains 9 divisions. These comprise two intermediate sections: the Intermediate A and Intermediate B divisions; three junior sections: Division 1, Division 2 and Division 3; and four reserve sections: Reserve 1, Reserve 2 and Reserve 3 and Reserve 4. The current champions are Crewe United.
Deaths in November 2025
The following is a list of notable deaths in November 2025.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Good Morning President
Good Morning President (Korean: 굿모닝 프레지던트; RR: Gunmoning peurejideonteu) is a 2009 South Korean film written and directed by Jang Jin that takes viewers to the private quarters of the Blue House during the terms of three fictional presidents (played by Lee Soon-jae, Jang Dong-gun and Go Doo-shim), each trapped between political and ethical choices. It was chosen as the opening film of the 14th Busan International Film Festival and was released in theaters on October 22, 2009.