hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moss Bank Park, Bolton
Moss Bank Park is a 34.25 hectares (84.6 acres) park in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. It consists of open space, woodland, gardens and other facilities. Moss Bank Park has been awarded the Green Flag Standard in 2008 and 2009. The Green Flag Scheme is a national standard for public parks and green
spaces that aims to raise standards across the UK. This award puts Moss Bank Park alongside Brighton Pier, London Zoo, Alton Towers and the Norfolk Broads.

Moss Bank Park formerly contained a small zoo and tropical butterfly house. The aviary is home to a historic tower that was originally built as an astronomical observatory by John Horrocks Ainsworth (d. 1864).

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Chaimite, Mozambique
Chaimite is a village sacred to the Nguni people of the Gaza Empire, currently in Gaza Province, Mozambique. In the area in January 1896, Gungunhana, the last emperor of Gaza, was imprisoned by the Portuguese Empire.

Africa portal

Gaza Province
Gaza is a province of Mozambique. It has an area of 75,709 km2 and a population of 1,422,460 (2017 census), which is the least populous of all the provinces of Mozambique. Xai-Xai is the capital of the province.

It borders Inhambane Province is to the east, Manica Province to the north, Maputo Province to the south, South Africa to the west, and Zimbabwe to the northwest.
Sunbeam Mitchell
Andrew "Sunbeam" Mitchell (November 6, 1906 –  August 22, 1989) was an American Memphis-based businessman. He operated the Mitchell Hotel which lodged well-known musicians, and soon he began operating nightclubs on the Chitlin' Circuit such as the Club Handy, Club Ebony, and the Club Paradise. Mitchell ran nightclubs for 40 years until selling off his holdings in the 1980s.

In the book The Chitlin' Circuit, author Preston Lauterbach wrote, "Sunbeam laid the cornerstone of what came to be known as the Memphis sound."

Memphis blues
The Memphis blues is a style of blues music created from the 1910s to the 1930s by musicians in the Memphis area, such as Frank Stokes, Sleepy John Estes, Furry Lewis and Memphis Minnie. The style was popular in vaudeville and medicine shows and was associated with Beale Street, the main entertainment area in Memphis.

W. C. Handy, the "Father of the Blues", published the song "The Memphis Blues" in 1909 and this was the first blues to be written down. In lyrics, the phrase has been used to describe a depressed mood.
ResellerRatings
ResellerRatings is an online ratings site where consumers submit ratings and reviews of online retailers, and online retailers participate to respond to reviewers and to gather reviews from their customers post-purchase. As of July 11, 2017, the site had over 6.2 million user-submitted reviews for 202,000 stores.

ResellerRatings operates a freemium business model. Merchants can participate to receive certain features for free, and can subscribe for additional features.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
309 BC
Year 309 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Dictatorship of Cursor (or, less frequently, year 445 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 309 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Alexander IV of Macedon
Alexander IV (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος; August 323 BC – Late summer 309 BC), sometimes called Aegus, was the younger son of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) by his wife Roxana of Bactria, born after his father's death. As his father's only surviving legitimate child, Alexander IV inherited the throne of the Macedonian Empire after him, however he was murdered in his early teens, never wielding actual power.
Evangelia Moraitidou
Evangelia "Evi" Moraitidou (Greek: Ευαγγελία "Εύη" Μωραϊτίδου, born 26 March 1975) is a female Greek water polo player and Olympic silver medalist with the Greece women's national water polo team.

She received a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in 2004 Athens.

She received a gold medal with the Greek team at the 2005 FINA Women's Water Polo World League in Kirishi, and a bronze medal at the 2007 FINA Women's Water Polo World League in Montreal, where she scored 18 goals and ranked 5th on the scoring list.

She participated at the 2008 Women's Water Polo Olympic Qualifier in Imperia, where Greece finished 4th and qualified for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.

Kirishi
Kirishi (Russian: Ки́риши, IPA: [ˈkʲirʲɪʂɨ]) is a town and the administrative center of Kirishsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volkhov River, 115 kilometers (71 mi) southeast of St. Petersburg. Population:  52,309 (2010 census); 55,634 (2002 census); 53,014 (1989 Soviet census).

It was previously known as Soltsy (until 1931).
Humnasheen
Humnasheen is a 2013 Pakistani drama television series that premiered on Hum TV on February 24, 2013. Directed by Siraj-ul-Haque and written by Syeda Shahla Shakoor, the series was produced by Momina Duraid. The cast includes Adnan Siddiqui, Faiza Hasan, Arij Fatyma, Rija Ali, Humayun Ashraf, and Raheel Butt.

The series received backlash for depicting homosexuality in an episode of the series.

Momina Duraid
Momina Duraid (Urdu: مُومِنہ دُرید, born 30 June 1971) is a Pakistani director and producer. She is a senior producer and creative head of television network Hum TV and CEO of her own production company MD Productions. She has produced and created several series including Dastaan (2010), Qaid-e-Tanhai (2010–11), Humsafar (2011–12), Shehr-e-Zaat (2012), Zindagi Gulzar Hai (2012–13), Diyar-e-Dil (2015), Sadqay Tumhare (2015), Mann Mayal (2016), Udaari (2016), Bin Roye (2016), Yaqeen Ka Safar (2017), Suno Chanda (2018) and Ehd-e-Wafa (2019).

In 2015, Momina ventured into film direction and co-directed Bin Roye. Later that same year, she founded film production house, Hum Films. She is married to Duraid Qureshi and is a daughter-in-law of Hum Network president and founder, Sultana Siddiqui. In 2015, she was named among the Pond's list of Miracle Journey: The 100 Most Inspirational Women.
Beach, Gloucestershire
Beach is a hamlet in South Gloucestershire, England, in the parish of Bitton, on the lower northern slopes of Lansdown Hill. It is about 1 mile north-west of Upton Cheyney. Beach was designated as a conservation area on 23 October 1989.

Beach consists of about eight traditional stone properties informally positioned along Beach Lane, mostly set back from the lane in their own grounds. Britton's Farm is the major property in the village. Formerly much of the village and surrounding area was part of the Beach House estate.

During the English Civil War the Battle of Lansdowne was fought, on 5 July 1643, in fields nearby Beach.

A Forest of Avon Trust community woodland, The Retreat, is to the east of the village. The Retreat was planted in 2000 under a Millennium Commission programme, and previously managed by the Woodland Trust.

Charlcombe
Charlcombe is a civil parish and small village just north of Bath in the Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority, Somerset, England. The parish had a population of 422 in 2011, and includes the villages of Woolley and Langridge and the hamlet of Lansdown (not to be confused with the Bath suburb of the same name).
Walchunus
Walchunus was a bishop, presumably of the Diocese of Maurienne, circa 739. When Abbo, the saecular rector of the region of Maurienne and Susa and later Patrician of Provence, founded the Abbey of Novalesa on 30 January 726, he put it under the Benedictine rule and independent of the local bishop, that of Maurienne. When he drew up his will thirteen years later (739) he directed that Novalesa should come under the protection of Bishop Walchunus. This action did not place Novalesa under episcopal authority; it merely recognised the saecular stature of the bishop in the region. The role of protector of the monastery passed in the later years of the century to the ruling Carolingians, who also confirmed its independence of the bishop.

Novalesa Abbey
Novalesa Abbey (Italian: Abbazia di Novalesa) is a Benedictine monastery in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy. It was founded in 726, and dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Andrew.

Novalesa is in the Val di Susa, on the route to the Mont Cenis Pass, and on the former Via Francigena, a major pilgrimage road.  The abbey is still in operation as an active Benedictine monastery.
El Carupanazo
El Carupanazo was a short-lived military rebellion against the government of Rómulo Betancourt, in which rebel military officers commanding the Third Marine Infantry Battalion and the 77th National Guard Detachment took over the city of Carúpano in May 1962. The rebellion was followed a month later by another in Puerto Cabello, El Porteñazo.

Detachment (military)
A detachment (from the French détachement) is a military unit. It can either be detached from a larger unit for a specific function or (particularly in United States military usage) be a permanent unit smaller than a battalion. The term is often used to refer to a unit that is assigned to a different base from the parent unit. An example is the United States Army's 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne) (SFOD-D), commonly known as Delta Force by the general public.

Detachment is also the term used as the collective noun for personnel manning an artillery piece (e.g. gun detachment).
Sukhbir Singh Sandhu
Sukhbir Singh Sandhu (born 6 July 1963) is a retired Indian Administrative Service officer of 1988-batch belonging to the Uttarakhand cadre. He is serving as Election Commissioner of India since March 2024.

Election Commissioner of India
The Election Commissioners of India are the members of Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections in India. An election commissioner is appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of a three member committee headed by the Prime Minister of India. The term of an election commissioner can be a maximum of six years or till he/she attains sixty five years of age. Election Commissioners are usually members of the Indian Civil Service.
2014 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' doubles
Barbora Krejčíková and Kateřina Siniaková were the defending champions, however were no longer eligible to compete in junior tennis.

Tami Grende and Ye Qiuyu defeated Marie Bouzková and Dalma Gálfi in the final, 6–2, 7–6(7–5) to win the girls' doubles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Ye Qiuyu
Ye Qiuyu (Chinese: 叶秋语; pinyin: Yè Qiūyǔ; Mandarin pronunciation: [jê tɕʰjóʊ ỳ]; born 29 November 1997) is a Chinese tennis player.

Ye has won 13 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit in her career. On 30 April 2018, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 480. On 20 November 2017, she peaked at No. 95 in the doubles rankings.

Ye made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2014 Shenzhen Open in the doubles draw, partnering with Yang Zhaoxuan. The pair lost their first-round match against third seeds Irina Buryachok and Oksana Kalashnikova.
Charisma Man
Charisma Man (カリスママン, Karisuma Man) is a comic strip that first appeared in the February 1998 issue of The Alien (later known as Japanzine), a monthly magazine for expatriates in Japan.

Larry Rodney created the strip and wrote the first eleven installments, which were illustrated by Glen Schroeder. In January 1998, after Rodney left Japan, Neil Garscadden assumed writing responsibilities while Wayne Wilson illustrated. From 2002, Garscadden handed it to another writer, Wayne Wilson. The strip was discontinued in 2006, but in 2009, Rodney and Garscadden announced plans to team up and compile a book of previous strips with new installments.

The strip has been discussed in mainstream English language daily newspapers in Japan, and a compendium of Charisma Man's exploits is available both in major Japanese bookshops and online.

The Japan Times
The Japan Times is Japan's largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper. It is published by The Japan Times, Ltd. (株式会社ジャパンタイムズ, Kabushiki gaisha Japan Taimuzu), a subsidiary of News2u Holdings, Inc. It is headquartered in the Kioicho Building (紀尾井町ビル, Kioicho Biru) in Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo (東京都千代田区紀尾井町, Tokyotochiyodaku kioicho).
1930–31 Allsvenskan
Allsvenskan 1930–31, part of the 1930–31 Swedish football season, was the seventh Allsvenskan season played. The first match was played 3 August 1930 and the last match was played 7 June 1931. GAIS won the league ahead of runners-up AIK, while Redbergslids IK and Sandvikens IF were relegated.

Sandvikens IF
Sandvikens IF is a Swedish football club located in Sandviken. The club, formed 6 June 1918, has played 21 seasons in the highest Swedish league, but is in the second highest Swedish league, Superettan. Sandvikens IF are affiliated to the Gestriklands Fotbollförbund.

As Sandviken is an industrial community, dominated by the steel and metal corporation Sandvik, the team has been much influenced by this. The name of the home ground, Jernvallen, would translate approximately as The Iron Ground, while the nicknames Järngänget and Stålmännen are self-explaining in Swedish ("The Iron gang" and "The Men of Steel"). Stålmännen has a double meaning, as it also is the plural form of Stålmannen, the Swedish name for Superman.
FRRS1L
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Ferric chelate reductase 1-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FRRS1L gene. This protein makes up part of a type of AMPA receptor involved in communication between cells in the brain. Loss-of-function mutations to FRRS1L are associated with early infantile epilepsy, developmental delay, progressive dyskinesia, diffuse hypotonia, and global loss of function.

Global developmental delay
Global developmental delay is an umbrella term used when children are significantly delayed in two or more areas of development. It can be diagnosed when a child is delayed in one or more milestones, categorised into motor skills, speech, cognitive skills, and social and emotional development. There is usually a specific condition which causes this delay, such as cerebral palsy, Fragile X syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities. However, it is sometimes difficult to identify this underlying condition.

Other terms associated with this condition are failure to thrive (which focuses on lack of weight gain and physical development), intellectual disability (which focuses on intellectual deficits and the changes they cause to development) and developmental disability (which can refer to both intellectual and physical disability altering development).
Yucca desmetiana
Yucca desmetiana is a Mexican species of plants in the asparagus family, native to northern Mexico from Chihuahua south as far as Aguascalientes and east to San Luís Potosí and Tamaulipas.

The plant is cultivated as an ornamental in many places because of its colored foliage. Leaves are bluish-gray when young, turning burgundy as they mature. It requires little maintenance, with low water requirements. It is suitable as a garden border in sandy soil and also as a potted plant for patio or walkway.

San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí.

It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, Rioverde, and Tamazunchale.
Özgön District
Özgön or Uzgen (Kyrgyz: Өзгөн району) is a district of Osh Region in south-western Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 3,308 square kilometres (1,277 sq mi), and its resident population was 282,981 in 2021. The capital lies at Özgön (Uzgen).

Osh Region
Osh is a region of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Osh, which is not part of the region. It is bounded (clockwise) by Jalal-Abad Region, Naryn Region, China (Xinjiang), Tajikistan (Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction and Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region), Batken Region, and Uzbekistan (Andijan and Fergana Regions). Its total area is 28,934 km2 (11,171 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 1,391,649 as of January 2021. According to the 2009 census, 28% of the total population are ethnic Uzbeks.
Kleena Kleene
Kleena Kleene /ˌkliːnə ˈkliːn, ˌkliːnə ˈkliːni/ is an unincorporated settlement and recreational community on the western end of the Chilcotin Plateau, west of Tatla Lake and northeast of One-Eye Lake.  It lies in the upper reaches of the basin of the Klinaklini River, for which it is named, and which penetrates the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains to enter the sea at the head of the Knight Inlet.  The community is recreational in nature and like nearby Nimpo Lake it is a base for sightseeing to Hunlen Falls, Klinaklini Falls and Chilko Lake, and for fly-outs to fishing on the area's many small plateau and alpine lakes.

Tatla Lake
Tatla Lake is a freshwater lake in the West Chilcotin area of British Columbia, Canada, situated just east of the community of Tatla Lake, British Columbia. This long, narrow lake, known for good kokanee fishing, is part of the Fraser River drainage basin.

The long, skinny shape of the lake means that Tatla Lake has the second longest lake perimeter in the Chilcotin at 56 km (even though Charlotte Lake, Tatlayoko Lake, and Lower Taseko Lake have more surface area).
Dolní Poustevna railway station
Dolní Poustevna (Czech: Dolní Poustevna, until 1945 German: Nieder Einsiedel) is a railway station in the town of Dolní Poustevna, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic. The station was modernised in 2009 with the removal of old tracks and building new platforms. The station used to be a border station with Germany, where it connects to the German network at Sebnitz. The cross-border connection was closed in 1945 and reopened in July 2014. The station is now served by České dráhy in cooperation with DB Regio: the National Park Railway. This service connects Děčín and Rumburk via Bad Schandau and Sebnitz. The original station building has been sold.

Bad Schandau
Bad Schandau (German: [baːt ˈʃandaʊ] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Žandow, pronounced [ˈʒandɔf]) is a spa town in Germany, in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district of Saxony. It is situated on the right bank of the Elbe, at the mouth of the valley of the Kirnitzsch and in the area often described as Saxon Switzerland.
Olev Träss
Olev Träss (born 1931 in Tartu) is an Estonian chemist who lives in Canada. He is a promoter of Estonian community in Canada.

He has graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

He is one of the founders of Tartu Institute (:et) in Toronto, and also its president. He is also one of the founder of Kotkajärv Forest University (:et).

In 2007 he was awarded with Order of the White Star, IV class.

In 2021 he received Aino Järvesoo prize for his contribution to sustaining and developing Estonian culture and language abroad.

Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Estonian: Valgetähe teenetemärk; French: Ordre de l'Etoile blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens and foreigners to give recognition for services rendered to the Estonian state.
Eretria Painter
The Eretria Painter was an ancient Greek Attic red-figure vase painter. He worked in the final quarter of the 5th century BC. The Eretria Painter is assumed to have been a contemporary of the Shuvalov Painter; he is considered one of the most interesting painters of his time. Many of his best works are painted on oinochoai and belly lekythoi. His paintings often depict many figures, moving in groups across all available surfaces. He also painted such vessels as figure-shaped vases or head-shaped kantharoi. Even as the vase shapes he painted on are unusual, his themes are conventional: athletes, satyrs and maenads, and mythological scenes. There are also some careful studies of women. He also painted white-ground vases. A lekythos in New York shows a funeral scene, typical of white-ground painting: Achilles is mourning Patroclus; the nereids bring him new weapons. The Eretria Painter's drawing style influenced later artists, e.g. the Meidias Painter and his school.

Maenad
In Greek mythology, maenads (/ˈmiːnædz/ ⓘ; Ancient Greek: μαινάδες [maiˈnades]) were the female followers of Dionysus and the most significant members of his retinue, the thiasus.
Their name, which comes from μαίνομαι (maínomai, "to rave, to be mad; to rage, to be angry"), literally translates as 'raving ones'. Maenads were known as Bassarids, Bacchae /ˈbækiː/, or Bacchantes /ˈbækənts, bəˈkænts, -ˈkɑːnts/ in Roman mythology after the penchant of the equivalent Roman god, Bacchus, to wear a bassaris or fox skin.

Often the maenads were portrayed as inspired by Dionysus into a state of ecstatic frenzy through a combination of dancing and intoxication. During these rites, the maenads would dress in fawn skins and carry a thyrsus, a long stick wrapped in ivy or vine leaves and tipped with a pine cone. They would weave ivy-wreaths around their heads or wear a bull helmet in honor of their god, and often handle or wear snakes.
Salar Kia
Salar Kia (Persian: سالاركيا, also Romanized as Sālār Kīā) is a village in Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 134, in 35 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.