hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudo-
Pseudo- (from Greek: ψευδής, pseudḗs 'false') is a prefix used in a number of languages, often to mark something as a fake or insincere version.

In English, the prefix is used on both nouns and adjectives. It can be considered a privative prefix specifically denoting disproximation, i.e. that the resulting word refers to something that has moved away from the core meaning of the base that the prefix is added to. The meaning is the same in French and Greek, but in Greek it also attaches to other word classes such as verbs and adverbs.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
Gordon Murray Automotive T.50
The Gordon Murray Automotive Type 50 or GMA T.50 is a sports car manufactured by Gordon Murray Automotive. Designed by Gordon Murray and inspired by the McLaren F1, the T.50 is powered by an all-new 3,994 cc (4.0 L) naturally aspirated V12 engine developed by Cosworth. The engine is rated at 663 PS (488 kW; 654 hp) at 11,500 rpm with a maximum torque of 467 N⋅m (344 lbf⋅ft) at 9,000 rpm.

The T.50 achieves a dry weight of 997 kg (2,198 lb), making it lighter than the vast majority of vehicles in its class, with the naturally aspirated V12 weighing only 178 kg (392 lb), and the chassis is 30 kg (66 lb) lighter than the McLaren F1. As a result, the T.50 features one of the highest power-to-weight ratios amongst its class at 501 kW (672 hp) per tonne, while its engine attains a specific output of 122.1 kW (163.7 hp; 166 PS) per litre.

Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger.
Girolamo Ghilini
Girolamo Ghilini (19 May 1589 – 12 December 1668) was an Italian writer and scholar of the Seicento. Ghilini was the first who used the term statistics in his unpublished treatise Ristretto della civile, politica, statistica e militare scienza (Alessandria, Bibl. civica, ms. n. 7).

Seicento
The Seicento (/seɪˈtʃɛntoʊ/ say-CHEN-toh, Italian: [ˌsɛiˈtʃɛnto]) is Italian history and culture during the 17th century. The Seicento saw the end of the Renaissance movement in Italy and the beginning of the Counter-Reformation and the Baroque era. The word seicento means 'six hundred' and is short for milleseicento, '1600'.
William C. Larrabee
William C. Larrabee (1802–1859) was the third president of DePauw University.

Larrabee attended Bowdoin College at the same time as United States President Franklin Pierce and graduated in 1828.

Before becoming president of DePauw, Larrabee taught at Connecticut's Wesleyan University and Oneida College Seminary in New York. He took over the chair of mathematics in 1841 and also taught the natural sciences. Larrabee served as the acting president of DePauw, then known as Indiana Asbury University from 1848 to 1849 after Matthew Simpson and before Lucien W. Barry. After 10 years on the faculty, Larrabee left Asbury to become Indiana's first superintendent of public instruction.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
Ōhau River (Manawatū-Whanganui)
The Ōhau River is in the Horowhenua District of New Zealand's North Island. It flows from the confluence of two short rivers, the North Ōhau River and the South Ōhau River. The Ōhau initially flows north, turning west to the southeast of Levin. It reaches the Tasman Sea 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Levin.

Horowhenua District
Horowhenua District is a territorial authority district on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand, administered by Horowhenua District Council. Located north of Wellington and Kāpiti, it stretches from slightly north of the town of Ōtaki in the south to just south of Himatangi in the north, and from the coast to the top of the Tararua Range. It is in the Manawatū-Whanganui local government region. The name Horowhenua is Māori for landslide.

Levin is the main town and the seat of the district council. Other towns include Foxton, Shannon and Tokomaru. The population of the district is 38,400 (June 2025).
Wilk-class submarine
Wilk-class submarines of the Polish Navy included three boats: ORP Wilk, ORP Ryś and ORP Żbik.  They served from 1931 until 1955. The boats were built in France. During World War II, one escaped to Britain and two were interned in Sweden.

The class design was based on that of the French submarine Pierre Chailley, which had been laid down in 1917 and was in service from 1923 to 1936. Running with diesel engines, they all possessed mine-laying capabilities. They had a top speed of 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph) surfaced, and 9.5 knots (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph) submerged.

French submarine Pierre Chailley
Pierre Chailley was a French Navy minelayer submarine commissioned in 1923. She was the ancestor of the Saphir-class submarines, which were the last French minelayer submarines. She was decommissioned in 1936.

Pierre Chailley — originally named Paul Chailley — was named for the commanding officer of the submarine Curie, Lieutenant de vaisseau Paul Étienne Pierre Chailley, killed during World War I when two Austro-Hungarian Navy ships sank Curie on 20 December 1914.
Ryongsong Line
The Ryongsŏng Line is an electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the Korean State Railway in P'yŏngyang, North Korea, running from Sŏp'o on the P'yŏngŭi Line to Tongbungri on the P'yŏngra Line. From Ryongsŏng, this line also has a line connecting to the private railway station attached to Residence No. 55, the primary residence of Kim Jong-un. The maintenance facilities for the North Korean leaders' trains are also located at Ryongsŏng Station.

Taeyangho armoured train
Since the establishment of North Korea, all three of its leaders—Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un—have been known to use high-security private trains as their preferred method of domestic and international travel. The train is officially called Taeyangho (Korean: 태양호; 'sun'), unofficially called the Moving Fortress and is likened to an Air Force One on rails.
Christian Ritual and the Creation of British Slave Societies, 1650–1780
Christian Ritual and the Creation of British Slave Societies, 1650–1780 is a book by Nicholas M. Beasley published in 2009 by University of Georgia Press. This work presents a perspective on Christian institutions and customs in the Caribbean and Southern American colonies of Britain and how they influenced and impacted the institution of slavery between 1650 and 1780. It is part of the Race in the Atlantic World, 1700–1900 series published by University of Georgia Press.

University of Georgia Press
The University of Georgia Press or UGA Press is the university press of the University of Georgia, a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia. It is the oldest and largest publishing house in Georgia and a member of the Association of University Presses.

Domestic distribution for the press is currently provided by the University of North Carolina Press's Longleaf Services.
A. J. Weberman
Alan Jules Weberman (born May 26, 1945) is an American writer, political activist, gadfly, and inventor of the terms "garbology" and "Dylanology". He is best known for his controversial opinions on, and personal interactions with, the musician Bob Dylan. Together with New York folk singer David Peel, Weberman founded the Rock Liberation Front in 1971 with the aim of "liberating" artists from bourgeois tendencies and ensuring that rock musicians continued to engage with and represent the counterculture of the 1960s.

Gadfly (philosophy and social science)
A gadfly is a person who interferes with the status quo of a society or community by posing novel, potentially upsetting questions, usually directed at authorities. The term has a modern use but it was originally associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, as portrayed in Plato's Apology when Socrates was on trial for his life.
Riedisheim
Riedisheim (French pronunciation: [ʁidisajm] ⓘ), in Alsatian Riadasa (Alemannic German pronunciation: [ˈʁia̯dasa]), is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department, Alsace, region of Grand Est, northeastern France. It forms part of the Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération, the inter-communal local government body for the Mulhouse conurbation.

Alsatian dialect
Alsatian (Alsatian: Elsässisch or Elsässerditsch "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian: Elsässerdeitsch; French: Alsacien; German: Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German and Franconian dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681.
Ernest Jeremiah Chukwuma
Ernest Jeremiah Chukwuma Listenⓘ (born 29 August 1985) is a Nigerian retired footballer who played as a forward. He scored a hat-trick on his debut for East Bengal in 2004 vs Sporting Clube de Goa. He has played for Persipura Jayapura and Persidafon Dafonsoro after playing for Super Hangzhou Greentown. In 2012, he returned to Indonesia and played for Persiba Bantul in the Indonesian Premier League.

Persipura Jayapura
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jayapura, or Persipura, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Jayapura, Papua. The club was founded in 1963 and currently competes in the Championship.

One of the giants of modern football in Indonesia, Persipura has won numerous league and cup titles. The club is known for having a distinct playing style, which often showcases the individual abilities of players. Persipura is also known for producing great players from Papua such as Rully Nere, Jack Komboy, Eduard Ivakdalam, Boaz Solossa, Ian Louis Kabes, and Imanuel Wanggai.
Idalino Manuel Mendes
Idalino Manuel Mendes (15 March 1947 — 30 May 2020) was the Angolan politician.

Mendes was born in 1947 in Ícolo e Bengo. He joined MPLA and eventually became the minister for industry in the government of José Eduardo dos Santos. He served as a minister between 1992 and 1996. After that, between 1996 and 2002, he was the governor of Bengo Province. Mendes died in 2020.

Bengo Province
8°47′S 13°59′E﻿ / ﻿8.783°S 13.983°E﻿ / -8.783; 13.983

Bengo is a province of Angola. Its capital is Caxito. It has an area of 31,371 square kilometres, and its population as of the 2014 Census was 356,641. The province was created in 1980 by dividing the original province of Luanda into Bengo and a new smaller province of Luanda.
Everaldo Matsuura
Everaldo Matsuura (born 1 October 1970) is a Brazilian chess player. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 2011.

Born in Maringá, Matsuura won the Brazilian Chess Championship in 1991 and 2016. He won the Pan American Club Championship in 1993 playing for team C. X. Joinville. By finishing 6th in the American Continental Championship in 2007, Matsuura qualified to the FIDE World Cup held later in the same year. He was eliminated from this latter competition in the first round after losing to Sergey Karjakin by 0–2. In 2018 Matsuura won the CXC Brazil Open in Curitiba. Matsuura played on the Brazilian national team at the Chess Olympiad, the Pan American Team Chess Championship, the World Youth U26 Team Chess Championship and the South American Team Chess Championship.

Brazilian Chess Championship
Following are the official winners of the national Brazilian Chess Championships from 1927 to date.

The 1998 championship was held 9–19 December in Itabirito, Minas Gerais State.
The field of sixteen played a series of two-game single-elimination matches to determine the finalists.
Rafael Leitão defeated Giovanni Vescovi in the four-game final match, winning the first game and drawing the remaining three.
Lake Elizabeth Township, Minnesota
Lake Elizabeth Township is a township in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 277 at the 2000 census.

Lake Elizabeth Township was organized in 1869, and named for its Lake Elizabeth.

Lake Elizabeth (Kandiyohi County, Minnesota)
Lake Elizabeth is a shallow glacial lake in Kandiyohi County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.; it was named after the wife of a local land official. Lakes Ella and Carrie nearby were named for their daughters.

The lake is approximately 1,054 acres (427 ha) in size and is around nine feet deep at its deepest point.
Ugly Things
Ugly Things (UT) is a music magazine established in 1983, based in La Mesa, California. The editor is Mike Stax (born 1962 in England). The magazine covers mainly 1960s Beat, garage rock, and psychedelic music ("Wild Sounds from Past Dimensions"). The name Ugly Things is a pun that refers to the band Pretty Things.

Beat music
Beat music, British beat, or Merseybeat is a British popular music genre that developed around Liverpool in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The genre melded influences from British and American rock and roll, rhythm and blues, skiffle, traditional pop, and music hall. It rose to mainstream popularity in the United Kingdom and Europe by 1963 before spreading to North America in 1964 with the British Invasion. The beat style shaped popular music and youth culture through 1960s movements such as garage rock, folk rock and psychedelic music.
Logie Awards of 2012
The 54th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Sunday 15 April 2012 at the Crown Palladium in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. Public voting for the "Most Popular" categories were conducted through an online survey from 5 December 2011 to 19 February 2012. Nominations were announced on 18 March 2012. The red carpet coverage which preceded the ceremony was hosted by Jules Lund, Sonia Kruger, Livinia Nixon and Shane Crawford. Musical performers at the event included One Direction, Flo Rida, Tony Bennett, Seal and Delta Goodrem.

Sonia Kruger
Sonia Melissa Kruger (born 28 August 1965) is an Australian television presenter, actress and media personality. She is best known for co-hosting the  Australian version of Dancing with the Stars alongside Chris Brown, and for the role of Tina Sparkle in the 1992 film Strictly Ballroom. Kruger was also the host of Big Brother Australia from 2012 to 2014 on Nine, and later returned as host during its revival on Channel 7, from 2020 to 2023.

During her time at the Seven Network, Kruger has reported for numerous other events, including the network's coverage of the Olympics, the Melbourne Cup and the Australian Open. In 2023, she was awarded the Gold Logie Award for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television.

She has attracted criticism for her comments on immigrants and Muslims.
Glasgal Island
Glasgal Island is a small island which marks the southwestern extremity of the Donovan Islands in Vincennes Bay, off the coast of Antarctica. It was first mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and observed in 1957 by Wilkes Station personnel under Carl R. Eklund. It was named by Eklund for Ralph Glasgal, an auroral scientist with the United States – International Geophysical Year wintering party of 1957 at Wilkes Station. In later life, Glasgal was involved in stereophonic and ambiophonic research.

Stereophonic sound
Stereophonic sound, commonly shortened to stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that recreates a multi-directional, 3-dimensional audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two independent audio channels through a configuration of two loudspeakers (or stereo headphones) in such a way as to create the impression of sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing.

Because the multi-dimensional perspective is the crucial aspect, the term stereophonic also applies to systems with more than two channels or speakers, such as quadraphonic and surround sound. Binaural sound systems are also stereophonic.

Stereo sound has been in common use since the 1970s in entertainment media such as broadcast radio, recorded music, television, video cameras, cinema, computer audio, and the Internet.
Bess Price
Bess Nungarrayi Price AM (born 22 October 1960) is an Aboriginal Australian activist and politician. She was a Country Liberal Party member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 2012 to 2016, representing the electorate of Stuart, and was Minister for Community Services in the Giles Ministry. She lives in Alice Springs in Central Australia, in the Northern Territory.

Giles ministry
The Giles ministry was the ministry of the tenth Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, Adam Giles. It came into operation on 14 March 2013, following the replacement of Terry Mills as Chief Minister and leader of the Country Liberal Party by Adam Giles.  It ended on 31 August 2016, when Labor leader Michael Gunner became Chief Minister following his victory at the 2016 election.
Frida Svensson (rower)
Frida Svensson (born 18 August 1981) is a Swedish professional sculler. She won a gold medal in the women's single scull at the 2010 World Rowing Championships in Lake Karapiro, the victory was notable for narrowly defeating Ekaterina Karsten who had dominated women's sculling since 1996. She was Swedish Rower of the year in 2006, and won a bronze medal at the women's single scull at the 2006 World Rowing Championships on Dorney Lake Eton.

2010 World Rowing Championships
The 2010 World Rowing Championships were World Rowing Championships that were held from 31 October to 7 November 2010 on Lake Karapiro near Cambridge, New Zealand. The annual week-long rowing regatta was organised by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). Usually held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer, they were held later in the year in the southern hemisphere. In non-Olympic years the regatta is the highlight of the international rowing calendar.
Ressha Sentai ToQger the Movie: Galaxy Line S.O.S.
Ressha Sentai ToQger the Movie: Galaxy Line S.O.S. (烈車戦隊トッキュウジャー THE MOVIE ギャラクシーラインSOS, Ressha Sentai Tokkyūjā THE MOVIE Gyarakushī Rain SOS) is a Japanese film serving as the theatrical adaptation of the 2014 Super Sentai television series Ressha Sentai ToQger. It was released on July 19, 2014, as a double-billing with Kamen Rider Gaim: Great Soccer Battle! Golden Fruits Cup!. It features the ToQgers helping out Lady, conductor of the Galaxy Line, after she is attacked by Count Nair of the Shadow Line, portrayed by musician Hyadain. Hyadain said that as a child, he enjoyed Dengeki Sentai Changeman, Choushinsei Flashman, and Hikari Sentai Maskman and hoped that he would portray the character well.

The film introduces the Safari Ressha, which transforms into Safari GaOh.

Choushinsei Flashman
Choushinsei Flashman (超新星フラッシュマン, Chōshinsei Furasshuman; Supernova Flashman) is a Japanese television show broadcast on TV Asahi from 1986 to 1987. It was the tenth instalment in the Super Sentai metaseries produced by Toei Company, replacing Dengeki Sentai Changeman. It ran for 50 episodes before it was replaced by Hikari Sentai Maskman.

The show also aired in South Korea from 1989, where it saw popularity.

Yutaka Izubuchi designed all the characters in the series. He would return to design characters for Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters.

In 2018, the costume worn by the character Red Flash was sold for ¥1,553,000 on Yahoo Auctions in Japan.
Habib ur Rahman (Indian National Army officer)
Habib-ur-Rahman (1913–1978) was an army officer in the Indian National Army (INA) who was charged with "waging war against His Majesty the King Emperor". He served as Subhas Chandra Bose's chief of staff in Singapore, and accompanied Bose on his alleged last fatal flight from Taipei to Tokyo, sharing the last moments of his life. 
Habib also played an important role in the First Kashmir War. Convinced that Maharaja Hari Singh was out to exterminate the Muslims of Jammu and Kashmir, he joined Major General Zaman Kiani, in launching a rebellion against the Maharaja from Gujrat in Pakistani Punjab. Rehman and his volunteer force launched an attack on the Bhimber town. But, the records of the 11th Cavalry of the Pakistan Army indicate that their efforts did not succeed, and eventually the Cavalry was responsible for conquering Bhimber.

Bidadari, Singapore
Bidadari is a housing estate and a subzone of Toa Payoh planning area, in the Central Region of Singapore.

The housing estate is situated at the site of the former Bidadari Cemetery, which served Christian, Muslim, Hindu and Sinhalese communities.
Oostwold Airfield
Oostwold Airfield (Dutch: Vliegveld Oostwold), (ICAO: EHOW) also known as Groningen Airport Oostwold, is a small general aviation aerodrome in Oostwold, a village in municipality of Oldambt in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. The airfield is 3 NM (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) north of the city of Winschoten.
It has one runway, 07/25, with a length of 880 meters (2,887) feet. It has a grass surface, with a narrow concrete strip available for the first 600 meters (1,968 feet) in the 25 direction. Except for flights from Schengen countries, no international flights are allowed.

Winschoten
Winschoten (Dutch: [ˈʋɪnsxoːtə(n)] ⓘ; Gronings: Winschoot) is a city with a population of 18,518 in the municipality of Oldambt in the northeast of the Netherlands. It is the largest city in the region of Oldambt in the province of Groningen which has 38,213 inhabitants.

Winschoten received its city rights in 1825. It was a separate municipality until it was merged into Oldambt in 2010. The seat of government of Oldambt is in Winschoten.

There are three windmills and several churches in Winschoten. There is a railway station with direct connections to Groningen and Leer (Germany), although due to the reconstruction of the Friesenbrücke trains to Germany will stop at Weener until 2024. Winschoten has an important role as a shopping centre for the region of Oldambt. In the province of Groningen, it is the second-largest shopping destination and it attracts many consumers from nearby Germany.