hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yorktown High School (Texas)
Yorktown High School is a public high school located in Yorktown, Texas (U.S.) and classified as a 2A school by the UIL. It is part of the Yorktown Independent School District located in southwestern DeWitt County. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Ruthvoes
50°24′29″N 4°55′21″W﻿ / ﻿50.40813°N 4.92239°W﻿ / 50.40813; -4.92239

Ruthvoes (Cornish: Rudhfos) is a village in mid Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the parish of St Columb Major, about two miles (3 km) south of St Columb Major town and 6+1⁄2 miles (10.5 km) east of Newquay.

The village lies on the northwest edge of Goss Moor near the A30 dual carriageway trunk road. The Par to Newquay branch railway passes south of the settlement.

Ruthvoes is the location of the holy well of Saint Columba the virgin and, according to legend, is where she was beheaded.

Holy well
A holy well or sacred spring is a well, spring or small pool of water revered either in a Christian or pagan context, sometimes both. The water of holy wells is often thought to have healing qualities, through the numinous presence of its guardian spirit or Christian saint. They often have local legends associated with them; for example in Christian legends, the water is often said to have been made to flow by the action of a saint. Holy wells are often also places of ritual and pilgrimage, where people pray and leave votive offerings. In Celtic regions, strips of cloth are often tied to trees at holy wells, known as clootie wells.
Teller (surname)
Teller is the name of:

Wilhelm Abraham Teller (1734–1804), a German Protestant theologian

Henry M. Teller (1830–1914), a US politician

Leopold Teller (1844–1908), a Hungarian actor

Charlotte Teller (1876–1953)

Edward Teller (1908, Budapest – 2003), a Hungarian-US nuclear physicist known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb"

Ludwig Teller (1911, Manhattan – 1965), a US Naval lieutenant and political figure

Teller (magician) (born Raymond Joseph Teller, in 1948, Philadelphia), a US magician, a member of the comedy and magic duo "Penn and Teller"

Janne Teller (born 1964), a Danish author

Juergen Teller (born 1964), a German photographer

Miles Teller (born 1987), an American actor

Wyatt Teller (born 1994), American football player

Charlotte Teller
Charlotte Rose Teller, later Hirsch (March 3, 1876 – December 30, 1953), also using the pen name John Brangwyn, was an American writer and socialist active in New York City. She graduated in 1899 from the University of Chicago (BA). Her book The Cage was published in 1907. Mark Twain had offered to endorse it "in the form of a letter to the actress Maude Adams". Mary Haskell introduced Teller and Kahlil Gibran to each other in January 1908.

Charlotte Teller came from an eminent Colorado family. Her father, James [Harvey] Teller, later rose to become the Attorney-General of the state, while her uncle, Henry Teller, was a famous and respected Senator.

Her marriage to Frank Minitree Johnson ended in a divorce. On October 14, 1912, she married Gilbert Julius Hirsch (December 16, 1886 – May 3, 1926); they had a son, Richard, born September 12, 1914.
Rafael Moshe Kamhi
Rafael Moshe Kamhi (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Рафаел Моше Камхи; 1870–1970), also known by the military pseudonym Skanderbeg, was a Sephardic Jew from Monastir (now Bitola) in Ottoman Macedonia. Besides being Jewish, Kamhi felt also strong attachment to the region of Macedonia as his native homeland. Kamhi was elected as liaison officer of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). He directly participated in the Miss Stone Affair and in the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising of August 1903.

Kamhi is among the few survivors of the Holocaust in Thessaloniki after being saved by Bulgarian authorities, while 90% of the Jewish population there was murdered.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Dobrynskoye
Dobrynskoye was a military air base in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located near Dobrynskoye, 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) north-east of Vladimir. Dobrynskoye was an airfield of the Soviet Air Defence Forces housing fighter aircraft which appeared on aeronautical charts in the 1970s and 1980s. It housed the 145th (until 1964) and 157th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiments (until 1970). Then, later the 288th independent Helicopter Regiment of the Moscow Military District was at the base December 1976 - April 1978, and then the 361st Independent Helicopter Regiment from 1984 to 2007. In 1989 the regiment came under the control of the 344th Centre for Combat Employment and Retraining at Torzhok. In 2002 it was reduced to a squadron.

By the 1990s the airfield disappeared from the charts, and is now believed to be inactive and abandoned.

Torzhok
Torzhok (Russian: Торжо́к) is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Tvertsa River along the federal highway M10 and a branch of the Oktyabrskaya Railway division of the Russian Railways. The town is famous for its folk craft of goldwork embroidery. Population:  47,644 (2010 Census); 48,967 (2002 Census); 49,982 (1989 Soviet census).
The Letter (play)
The Letter is a 1927 play by W. Somerset Maugham, dramatised from a short story that he had published in Hearst's International Magazine in 1924, and in his 1926 collection The Casuarina Tree. The story was inspired by the real-life Ethel Proudlock case which involved the wife of the headmaster of Victoria Institution in Kuala Lumpur who was convicted in a murder trial after shooting dead a male friend in April 1911. She was eventually pardoned.

Victoria Institution
The Victoria Institution (commonly known as VI) is an all-boys secondary school in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is one of the earliest and most prominent secondary schools in the city and was established as a memorial school commemorating the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887..

VI is a secondary school for male students only from Form 1 to 5. Female students are accepted for Form 6 (Lower and Upper) and the students are known as Victorians.
Qingtoushan Formation
The Qingtoushan Formation is a Middle Permian-age geologic formation in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu, China. It is known for its diverse tetrapod fauna known as the Dashankou fauna, which likely dates to the Roadian, and includes some of the oldest known therapsids. This formation was previously erroneously named as the Xidagou Formation, a name which applies to otherwise Triassic strata in the northern Qillian Mountains. The formation is over 300 metres thick, and primarily consists of purple-red coarse sandstones, with minor purple mudstone.

Grain size
Grain size (or particle size) is the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks.  The term may also be applied to other granular materials. This is different from the crystallite size, which refers to the size of a single crystal inside a particle or grain. A single grain can be composed of several crystals. Granular material can range from very small colloidal particles, through clay, silt, sand, gravel, and cobbles, to boulders.
Claudia Cassidy
Claudia Cassidy (1899 – July 21, 1996), was an influential, 20th-century American performing arts critic.  She was a long-time critic for the Chicago Tribune.

Starting her career in 1925, she was at first a music and drama critic for The Journal of Commerce in Chicago before moving to the Tribune. She was so well known for giving caustic reviews to what she considered bad performances that she earned the nickname "Acidy Cassidy."

Although she had a reputation for biting critique, Cassidy's enthusiasm may have been even more powerful. She's credited with boosting both Glass Menagerie and A Raisin in the Sun. She also helped popularize the Lyric Opera of Chicago and induced Fritz Reiner to lead the Chicago Symphony.

Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.
Eiichi Sugimoto
Eiichi Sugimoto (杉本 栄一, Sugimoto Eiichi; August 9, 1901 – September 24, 1952) was a Japanese economist and professor at the Tokyo University of Commerce (now Hitotsubashi University), and a pioneer of mathematical economics in Japan. He participated in the Tokuzō Fukuda Seminar, and majored in Marxist economics at the Tokyo University of Commerce and went on to study in Germany before returning to Japan.

Seminar
A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular subject, in which everyone present is requested to participate. This is often accomplished through an ongoing Socratic dialogue with a seminar leader or instructor, or through a more formal presentation of research. It is essentially a place where assigned readings are discussed, questions can be raised and debates can be conducted.
Pat Riordan
Pat Riordan (born 30 September 1979 in London, Canada) is a Canada rugby union player. He played club rugby for Burnaby Lake, and for the Canada national side, having also played at Pontypridd. Since making his international debut on June 14, 2003 in a match against England Saxons, he has made 43 appearances for his country, including appearing in all of Canada's matches in the 2007 World Cup.

Riordan captained the Canadian National Senior Men's Team from 2008 to 2011.

England A national rugby union team
England A is England's men's second national rugby union team. The team has previously been known by a number of names, such as England B, Emerging England and, most recently, England Saxons. England A were unbeaten for 13 games until losing to Ireland A, now known as Ireland Wolfhounds, in the 2009 Churchill Cup Final on 21 June 2009.

England A was one of three sides that regularly competed in the now-defunct annual Churchill Cup competition, the others being the full national teams of Canada and the United States. From 2006 onwards, they also regularly played two matches against other European countries in parallel with the full Six Nations Championship.
Brutus, Lucretia and Collatinus
Brutus, Lucretia and Collatinus is a painting of c. 1490–1493 in tempera on panel, attributed to Giovan Francesco Maineri but from preparatory drawings by Ercole de' Roberti. It is in the Galleria Estense in Modena.

This panel, The Wife of Hasdrubal and Her Children and Brutus and Portia were originally part of a series of works depicting famous women of antiquity, probably commissioned by Ercole I d'Este's wife Eleanor of Aragon and referring back to the motto of her father, Ferdinand I of Naples: "Preferisco la morte al disonore" ('I prefer death to dishonour').

Eleanor of Naples, Duchess of Ferrara
Eleanor of Naples (Leonora or Eleonora of Aragon; 22 June 1450 – 11 October 1493) was Duchess of Ferrara by marriage to Ercole I d'Este. She was the first duchess of Ferrara, and mother of many famous Renaissance figures. She was a well known political figure, and served as regent of Ferrara during the absence of her spouse.
Kangemi United F.C.
Kangemi United Football Club is a football club in Nairobi, Kenya. In the 2006–07 season they played in the top level of Kenyan professional football, the Kenyan Premier League. However the club were disqualified from the league and forcibly relegated as punishment for failing to turn up for several league matches. In 2008, the team played in the Kenyan Nationwide League.

Kenyan Premier League
The Kenyan Premier League (KPL), officially known as the SportPesa League, is a professional league for men's football clubs in Kenya. Standing at the top of the Kenyan football league system, the league was formed in 1963 under the Kenya Football Federation but is now controlled by the Football Kenya Federation. It is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan National Super League. Kenya Police are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season.

The league was mostly stable until the late 1990s and since then its performance had been considered below average, with many of the league's clubs having little or no finances to support themselves. However, when SuperSport became an official league partner, the league has taken on a more serious role with teams becoming professional and the majority of the clubs managing to get kit sponsorships. This saw the level of competition improve compared to past.
Bill Zavatsky
Bill Zavatsky (born 1943 Bridgeport, Connecticut) is an American poet, journalist, jazz pianist, and translator. Zavatsky could be described as a second-generation New York School poet, influenced by such writers as Frank O'Hara and Kenneth Koch. (Koch was his professor at Columbia University.) In addition to the wry humor typical of the New York School, Zavatsky adds to his poetry an emotional poignancy that gives it additional depth.

Jazz piano
Jazz piano is a collective term for the techniques pianists use when playing jazz. The piano has been an integral part of the jazz idiom since its inception, in both solo and ensemble settings. Its role is multifaceted due largely to the instrument's combined melodic and harmonic capabilities. For this reason it is an important tool of jazz musicians and composers for teaching and learning jazz theory and set arrangement, regardless of their main instrument. By extension the phrase 'jazz piano' can refer to similar techniques on any keyboard instrument.

Along with the guitar, vibraphone, and other keyboard instruments, the piano is one of the instruments in a jazz combo that can play both single notes and chords rather than only single notes as does the saxophone or trumpet.
2022 Panamanian protests
In July 2022, protests broke out in Panama. They were reportedly triggered by rising inflation, corruption, and a cost of living crisis. The economy has suffered as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russo-Ukrainian War. On 18 July, Panama City saw the country's largest protest. President Laurentino Cortizo's government deal to cut fuel prices was rejected by trade unions. Protestors blocked sections of the transcontinental Pan-American Highway. On 27 July, security minister Juan Manuel Pino Forero said that the roads were clear for the first time. On 2 August, the teachers strike concluded.

Laurentino Cortizo
Laurentino "Nito" Cortizo Cohen (Spanish pronunciation: [lawɾenˈtino koɾˈtiso ˈko.en]; born 30 January 1953) is a Panamanian politician who served as the 38th President of Panama from 2019 to 2024. Previously, he served as President of the National Assembly (2000–2001) and Minister of Agricultural and Livestock Development (2004–2006). Cortizo was a member of the National Assembly for Colón Province from 1994 to 2004.

A member of the Democratic Revolutionary Party, he was elected as president in the 2019 general election, winning 33.27% of the vote. He took office on 1 July 2019.
2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 1500 m
The men's 1500 m  at the 2010 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships in Heerenveen took place at Thialf on Sunday 1 November 2009. 26 athletes participated in the contest. The top five speed skaters qualified for the 1500 m at the 2009–10 ISU Speed Skating World Cup. Sven Kramer was the title holder.

Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.
2CA
2CA is an Australian commercial radio station on the AM band serving Canberra. It is jointly owned by the Capital Radio Network and Grant Broadcasters. The station broadcasts on AM Stereo 1053 kHz and on DAB.

2CA was Canberra's first radio station, commencing in 1931 on 1050 kHz, changing to 1053 in 1978. The station plays a variety of hits from the 1960s to the 1980s in its current "Forever Classic" format.

2GB
2GB is a commercial radio station in Sydney, Australia, owned by Nine Entertainment, that also owns 2UE.

2GB broadcasts on 873 kHz, AM.

In 2024, 2GB held 14% of the total radio ratings share, making it one of the most widely listened-to radio stations in Sydney.
Arthur Zimek
Arthur Zimek is a professor in data mining, data science and machine learning at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, Denmark.

He graduated from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in Munich, Germany, where he worked with Prof. Hans-Peter Kriegel. His dissertation on "Correlation Clustering" was awarded the "SIGKDD Doctoral Dissertation Award 2009 Runner-up" by the Association for Computing Machinery.

He is well known for his work on outlier detection, density-based clustering, correlation clustering, and the curse of dimensionality.

He is one of the founders and core developers of the open-source ELKI data mining framework.

Correlation clustering
Clustering is the problem of partitioning data points into groups based on similarity or dissimilarity. Correlation clustering is a clustering framework in which a set of objects is partitioned into clusters based on pairwise similarity and dissimilarity information, without requiring the number of clusters to be specified in advance.
Ted Snell
Harold Edward Snell (born May 28, 1946) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played 104 games in the National Hockey League for the Kansas City Scouts, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Detroit Red Wings between 1973 and 1975. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1965 to 1988, was mainly spent with the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League, though he spent the last seven seasons playing in Switzerland, serving as a player-coach for part of it before retiring and coaching full-time.

Kansas City Scouts
The Kansas City Scouts were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1974 to 1976. In 1976, the franchise relocated to Denver and became the Colorado Rockies. In 1982, the Rockies relocated to New Jersey where they have since been known as the New Jersey Devils.
Gay separatism
Gay separatism is the political belief in and advocacy for gay male separatism. Separatism for gay men has included explicit political calls for men-only spaces; the creation of communes for gay men; and the lived social practice of self-segregation in "gayborhoods."

Self-segregation
Self-segregation or auto-segregation is the separation of a religious, ethnic, or racial group from other groups in a country by the group itself naturally. This usually results in decreased social interactions between different ethnic, racial or religious groups and can be classed as a form of social exclusion.
Lateral canal
A lateral canal is a canal built along the same right-of-way as an existing stream.  Water for the canal is usually provided by the original natural stream.  Many French lateral canals have the word latéral as part of their name.  Examples include Canal latéral à l'Aisne, Canal latéral à la Garonne, and Canal latéral à la Marne.

The normal aim of constructing such a canal was to provide a more consistent depth of water for navigation particularly during dry summers and to make navigation easier during periods of flood. Problems often remained where the original course of the river was still used.

Garonne Canal
The Garonne Canal (French: Canal latéral à la Garonne, pronounced [kanal lateʁal a la ɡaʁɔn]) or Canal de Garonne ([kanal də ɡaʁɔn]) is a French canal dating from the mid-19th century that connects Toulouse to Castets-en-Dorthe. The remainder of the route to Bordeaux uses the river Garonne. It is the continuation of the Canal du Midi which connects the Mediterranean with Toulouse.

Together, they and the Garonne form the Canal des Deux Mers which connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
Paul Jaccard
Paul Jaccard (18 November 1868 in Sainte-Croix – 9 May 1944 in Zurich) was a professor of botany and plant physiology at the ETH Zurich. He studied at the University of Lausanne and ETH Zurich (PhD 1894). He continued studies in Paris with Gaston Bonnier.
He developed the Jaccard index of similarity (he called it coefficient de communauté) and published it in 1901.
He also introduced the use of the species-to-genus ratio (he called it generic coefficient) in biogeography. In the 1920s, Paul Jaccard engaged in a dispute with the Finnish botanist and phytogeographer Alvar Palmgren over the interpretation of species-to-genus ratio, as evidence of competitive exclusion (as held by Jaccard) or attributable to random sampling (as held by Palmgren).

Competitive exclusion principle
In ecology, the competitive exclusion principle, sometimes referred to as Gause's law, is a proposition that two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot coexist at constant population sizes. When one species has even the slightest advantage over another, the one with the advantage will dominate in the long term. This leads either to the extinction of the weaker competitor or to an evolutionary or behavioral shift toward a different ecological niche. The principle has been paraphrased in the maxim "complete competitors cannot coexist".
Siné
Maurice Albert Sinet (French pronunciation: [mɔʁis albɛʁ sine]; 31 December 1928 – 5 May 2016), known professionally as Siné (pronounced [sine]), was a French political cartoonist. His work is noted for its anti-capitalism, anti-clericalism, anti-colonialism, antisemitism, and anarchism.

Anti-capitalism
Anti-capitalism is a political ideology and movement encompassing a variety of attitudes and ideas that oppose capitalism. Anti-capitalists seek to combat the worst effects of capitalism and to eventually replace capitalism with  alternative economic systems such as socialism and communism.