hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Brown (British Army officer, died 1762)
Lieutenant-General John Brown (died 1762) was a British Army officer.

He entered the Army as a cornet of Horse on 5 August 1704, and served several campaigns in mainland Europe in the army commanded by the Duke of Marlborough. In 1735 he was lieutenant-colonel of the 4th Regiment of Dragoons, from whence he was removed to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the King's Horse (later 1st Dragoon Guards), and on 10 May 1742 he was appointed colonel of the 9th Dragoons. On the appointment of Lieutenant-General Lord Tyrawley to the Horse Grenadier Guards, the colonelcy of the 5th Horse was conferred on Colonel Brown, 1 April 1743. He was promoted to the rank of major-general on 26 March 1754, and to that of lieutenant-general on 15 January 1758.

1st King's Dragoon Guards
The 1st King's Dragoon Guards was an armoured cavalry and dragoon guard regiment in the British Army. The regiment was raised by Sir John Lanier in 1685 as the 2nd Queen's Regiment of Horse, named in honour of Queen Mary, consort of King James II. It was renamed the 2nd King's Own Regiment of Horse in 1714 in honour of George I. The regiment attained the title 1st King's Dragoon Guards in 1751. The regiment served as horse cavalry until 1937 when it was mechanised with light tanks. The regiment became part of the Royal Armoured Corps in 1939. After service in the First World War and the Second World War, the regiment amalgamated with the 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) in 1959 to form the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards.
Bill Quirk (Australian politician)
William Quirk (5 April 1891 – 16 November 1948) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Burrumbeet to railway platelayer Michael Quirk and Catherine Houlihan. He attended state schools and worked for the railways from 1907 to 1914, then becoming a postal technician. On 19 June 1917 he married Harriette Julia Madden, with whom he had a daughter. He was an active member of the Postal Employees' Union, and served on the Labor Party state executive from 1944 to 1948. In 1945 he won a by-election for the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Prahran. Quirk died in 1948 in East Melbourne.

Electoral district of Prahran
Prahran is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. It was created by the Electoral Act Amendment Act 1888, taking effect at the 1889 elections. The electorate is the state’s smallest by area, covering a little under 11 km2 in the inner south-east of Melbourne. It includes the suburbs of South Yarra, Prahran and Windsor, as well as parts of Southbank, St Kilda and St Kilda East.
Quimarumi
Quimarumi (possibly from Ancash Quechua kima three, rumi stone, "three stones"), also known as Minas (Spanish for mines), is a 5,459-metre-high (17,910 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Huaraz Province, Huaraz District. Quimarumi lies on a ridge between the Quilcayhuanca valley and the Shallap valley, northwest of Carhuascancha and northeast of Qullapaqu.

Huaraz Province
Huaraz is one of twenty provinces of the Ancash Region in Peru. It was created on August 5, 1857, during the presidency of Ramón Castilla.  Geographically, the province is located over the Callejón de Huaylas and the western slopes of the Cordillera Negra.

The Regional Museum of Archaeology is located in the Huaraz district. Some other highlights of the province are the Pumacayán hill, the hot springs of Monterrey (at 6 km or 4 mi from the city) and the Willkawain archaeological sites, at 13 kilometres (8 mi) to the north of Huaraz, in village of Paria, in the Independencia district.
Trichlorogermanate
Trichlorogermanate is the inorganic anion with the formula GeCl−3.  It is the chloride adduct of germanium dichloride:

GeCl2 + Cl−  →  GeCl−3

The anion can be isolated as a quaternary ammonium salt.  The anion is similar to trichlorostannate (SnCl−3).

The anion is pyramidal according to X-ray crystallography with Cl-Ge-Cl angle of about 95° and Ge-Cl distance of 232 pm.

Quaternary ammonium cation
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule.

Quats are used in consumer applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to inactivate enveloped viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2). Quats tend to be gentler on surfaces than bleach-based disinfectants, and are generally fabric-safe.
2020 Lahore Qalandars season
The Lahore Qalandars cricket team is one of six teams that competed in the 2020 Pakistan Super League, representing Lahore.

Qalandars was captained by Sohail Akhtar throughout the season, the top scorer was Chris Lynn with 284 runs, but the batsman with highest average was Australian cricketer Ben Dunk, whereas the leading wicket-taker was Shaheen Afridi. For the first time in PSL history, Lahore Qalandars qualified for the play-offs after winning five of their ten group-stage matches, and finishing at third position on the points table.

2020 Pakistan Super League
2020 Pakistan Super League (also known as PSL 5 or for sponsorship reasons as HBL PSL 2020) was the fifth season of the Pakistan Super League, a franchise Twenty20 cricket league which was established by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) in 2015. It started on 20 February 2020. The league was held entirely in Pakistan for the first time. Karachi Kings won their first title after defeating Lahore Qalandars by five wickets in the final.

The playoff stage of the tournament was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In late March 2020, the PCB were looking at whether to declare the winner of the tournament based on the league standings, or to play the matches at a later date. On 2 July 2020, the PCB announced that they plan to complete the season in November 2020. On 2 September 2020, the PCB confirmed the fixtures for the remaining matches.
2023 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's overall
The men's overall in the 2023 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup consisted of 38 events in four disciplines: downhill (DH) (10 races), super-G (SG) (8 races), giant slalom (GS) (10 races), and slalom (SL) (10 races). The fifth and sixth disciplines in FIS ski events, parallel (PAR). and Alpine combined (AC), had all events in the 2022–23 season cancelled, either due to the schedule disruption cased by the COVID-19 pandemic (AC) or due to bad weather (PAR). The original calendar contained 43 events, but in addition to the parallel, four downhills were cancelled over the course of the season.

The season was interrupted by the 2023 World Ski Championships in the linked resorts of Courchevel and Méribel, France, which are located in Les Trois Vallées, from 6–19 February 2023. During the world championships, Norwegian star Atle Lie McGrath, who then was in 11th place overall, fell during the super-G and suffered a ACL tear, which required season-ending surgery.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023
The 47th FIS Alpine World Ski Championships took place from 6 to 19 February 2023 in two neighboring locations in the French Alps, Courchevel and Méribel.

The location was decided in May 2018 during the 51st FIS Congress in Costa Navarino (Greece), where Courchevel-Méribel won against Austrian Saalbach-Hinterglemm with 9 to 6 votes.

The same two towns already hosted parts of the 1992 Winter Olympic Games. In Courchevel, ski jumping and the Nordic combination took place, and Méribel was the location for the women's alpine skiing.
Melbourne Teachers' College
The Melbourne Teachers' College is a former Australian college. The college was built in 1889-92 as the principal teacher training institution for the state of Victoria. Its original and later buildings are on the corner of Grattan Street and Swanston Street in Carlton on the later extended grounds of the University of Melbourne. After various added buildings and name changes in the following century, in 1989 it was amalgamated with the university.

Teacher education
Teacher education or teacher training refers to programs, policies, procedures, and provision designed to equip (prospective) teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, approaches, methodologies and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in the classroom, school, and wider community. The professionals who engage in training the prospective teachers are called teacher educators (or, in some contexts, teacher trainers).

There is a longstanding and ongoing debate about the most appropriate term to describe these activities. The term 'teacher training' (which may give the impression that the activity involves training staff to undertake relatively routine tasks) seems to be losing ground, at least in the U.S., to 'teacher education' (with its connotation of preparing staff for a professional role as a reflective practitioner). The two major components of teacher education are in-service teacher education and pre-service teacher education.
Night of the Murdered Poets
The Night of the Murdered Poets (Russian: Дело Еврейского антифашистского комитета, romanized: Delo Yevreyskovo antifashistskovo komiteta, lit. 'Case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee'; Yiddish: הרוגי מלכות פֿונעם ראַטנפאַרבאַנד, romanized: Harugey malkhes funem Ratnfarband, lit. 'Soviet Union Martyrs') occurred on 12 August 1952, and it involved the execution of 13 Soviet Jews in the Lubyanka Prison in Moscow. Arrests were made in September 1948 and June 1949, with all defendants having been falsely accused of espionage and treason, as well as many other crimes. Following their arrests and detention, they were tortured, beaten, and isolated for three years before being formally charged. There were five Yiddish writers among these defendants, all of whom were part of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee.

Joshua Rubenstein
Joshua Rubenstein is an American activist, writer and scholar of literature, dissent, and politics in the former Soviet Union. He won a National Jewish Book Award in Eastern European studies in 2002 for his book  Stalin’s Secret Pogrom.
Boechera oxylobula
Boechera oxylobula, common name Glenwood Springs rockcress, is a plant species referred to as Arabis demissa in many older publications. The species is endemic to Colorado. It is known only from Garfield, Gunnison, Hinsdale, Lake, Mineral, Park, and Saguache counties in the central part of the state. It is found in open, rocky locations such as cliff faces, rocky slopes, and gravelly soil in brush.

Boechera oxylobula is a perennial herb with several stems arising from a basal rosette. Leaves are linear, up to 2.5 mm (0.1 inches) wide. Flowers are white to pale lavender, borne in a terminal raceme.

Hinsdale County, Colorado
Hinsdale County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 788, making it the second least-populous county in Colorado. With a population density of only 0.71 inhabitants per square mile (0.27/km2), it is also the least-densely populated county in Colorado. The county seat and only incorporated municipality in the county is Lake City. The county is named for George A. Hinsdale, a prominent pioneer and former Lieut. Governor of Colorado Territory.
Unequal Protection
Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft of Human Rights is a 2004 book by Thom Hartmann.  The book explains that the largest and most powerful transnational corporations dominate the lives of most of the world's citizens. According to the book, their CEOs are "unapproachable and live lives of nearly unimaginable wealth and luxury"; they value growth and profit no matter what the cost, and this has become disruptive for life on Earth.

Transnational corporation
A transnational corporation is an enterprise that is involved with the international production of goods or services, foreign investments, or income and asset management in more than one country. It sets up factories in developing countries because land and labor are cheaper there.
1972 Buckeye Tennis Championships – Singles
The 1972 Buckeye Tennis Championships – Singles was an event of the 1972 Buckeye Tennis Championships tennis tournament and was played at the Buckeye Boys Ranch in Grove City, Columbus, Ohio in the United States between July 17 and July 23, 1972. Tom Gorman was the defending champion, but did not compete in this edition. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title, defeating Andrew Pattison 7–5, 6–3, 7–5 in the final.

Tom Gorman (tennis)
Tom Gorman (born January 19, 1946) is a retired ATP tour American tennis player and coach. He won 7 singles and 9 doubles titles and reached semi-finals in the 3 of the 4 ATP tour grand slam events. His ATP ranking peaked at 8 in 1973.
North Cleaver Lake
North Cleaver Lake is a lake in the Unorganized Part of Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is about 450 metres (1,480 ft) long and 100 metres (330 ft) wide, has an area of 2.69 hectares (6.6 acres), and lies at an elevation of 432 metres (1,417 ft). The lake is in the Lake Superior drainage basin, and is located about 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi) northwest of the community of Schreiber, and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northwest of Cleaver Lake, a lake in the adjacent Hewitson River drainage basin.

The lake has no inflows. The primary outflow is an unnamed creek at the west which leads west to the 550-metre (1,800 ft) distant Winston Lake. Winston Lake drains via Winston Creek and the Pays Plat River to Lake Superior.

Thunder Bay District
Thunder Bay District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district seat is Thunder Bay.

Most of the district (93.5%) is unincorporated and part of the Unorganized Thunder Bay District.
Upon This Rock (Heroes)
"Upon This Rock" is the twelfth episode of the fourth season of the NBC superhero drama series Heroes, the seventy-first episode overall. It is the first episode in the 2-part mid-season premiere after the 2009 holiday hiatus. The episode aired on January 4, 2010.

Superhero fiction
Superhero fiction is a subgenre of speculative fiction showcasing the adventures of costumed crime-fighters known as superheroes, who often possess superhuman powers and battle similarly powered criminals known as supervillains. The genre primarily falls between hard fantasy and soft science fiction in the spectrum of scientific realism, often merging into science fantasy. It is most commonly associated with comic books, though it has expanded into other media through adaptations and original works.
Killing of Tony Timpa
On August 10, 2016, Anthony "Tony" Allen Timpa, a 32-year-old, unarmed white man, was killed in Dallas, Texas by police officer Dustin Dillard. Officers had responded to a call by Timpa requesting aid for a mental breakdown due to the fact that he had not taken his prescription medication for schizophrenia and depression. Dillard pushed his body weight onto Timpa on the ground for around 14 minutes after he was already restrained, and officers ignored pleas from Timpa that he was in pain and was afraid he was going to die. Timpa's death was ruled a homicide due to "the stress of being restrained and extreme physical exertion" and toxic effects of previous cocaine use.

No criminal charges have been filed, but in 2021, a judge ruled that a wrongful death lawsuit filed by Timpa's family had merit and could go to trial. The civil trial concluded in September 2023, with the jury awarding Timpa's son $1 million.

Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.

Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
Lake Hughes, California
Lake Hughes is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in northern Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is in the Sierra Pelona Mountains, northwest of Palmdale and north of the Santa Clarita Valley, in the Angeles National Forest. It is on the sag pond waters of Lake Hughes and Elizabeth Lake. The community is rural in character, with a population of 544 at the 2020 census, but also has a strong recreational element centered on the three lakes in the vicinity. The community of Elizabeth Lake is located just east of Lake Hughes, sharing the same ZIP code.

Santa Clarita Valley
The Santa Clarita Valley (SCV) is part of the upper watershed of the Santa Clara River in Southern California. The western portion of the valley was part of the 48,612-acre (19,673 ha) Rancho San Francisco Mexican land grant. Located in Los Angeles County. The valley's main population center is the city of Santa Clarita which includes the neighborhoods of Canyon Country, Newhall, Saugus, and Valencia. Adjacent unincorporated communities include Castaic, Stevenson Ranch, Val Verde, and Valencia.
The Dupe (play)
The Dupe is a 1763 comedy play by the Irish writer Frances Sheridan. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 10 December 1763. The original cast included Richard Yates as Sir John Woodall, William Havard as Friendly, John Hayman Packer as Wellford, Thomas King as Sharply and Hannah Pritchard as Mrs Etherdown, Kitty Clive as Mrs Friendly. It was one of only two new mainpieces debuting at Drury Lane that year along with a clutch of afterpieces. Sheridan, the mother of the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan, was best known for her novel Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph but had enjoyed success with the play The Discovery earlier in the year.

Afterpiece
An afterpiece is a short, usually humorous one-act playlet or musical work following the main attraction, the full-length play, and concluding the theatrical evening. This short comedy, farce, opera or pantomime was a popular theatrical form in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was presented to lighten the five-act tragedy that was commonly performed.

A similar piece preceding the main attraction is a curtain raiser.

An example is The Padlock by Charles Dibdin, first performed in London in 1768.
Dosso Dossi
Giovanni di Niccolò de Luteri, better known as Dosso Dossi (c. 1489–1542) was an Italian Renaissance painter who belonged to the School of Ferrara, painting in a style mainly influenced by Venetian painting, in particular Giorgione and early Titian.

From 1514 to his death, he was court artist to the Este Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena, whose small court valued its reputation as an artistic centre. He often worked with his younger brother Battista Dossi, who had worked under Raphael. He painted many mythological subjects and allegories with a rather dream-like atmospheres, and often striking disharmonies in colour. His portraits also often show rather unusual poses or expressions for works originating in a court.

House of Este
The House of Este (UK: /ˈɛsti/ EST-ee, US: /ˈɛsteɪ/ EST-ay, Italian: [ˈɛste]) is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries.

The original House of Este's elder branch, which is known as the House of Welf, included dukes of Bavaria and of Brunswick. This branch produced Britain's Hanoverian monarchs, as well as one Emperor of Russia (Ivan VI) and one Holy Roman Emperor (Otto IV).

The original House of Este's younger branch, which is simply called the House of Este, included rulers of Ferrara (1240–1597), and of Modena (900–1859) and Reggio (1288–1796). This branch's male line became extinct with the death of Ercole III in 1803.
Treaty of Montgomery
The Treaty of Montgomery was an Anglo-Welsh treaty signed on 29 September 1267 in Montgomeryshire by which Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was acknowledged as Prince of Wales by King Henry III of England (r. 1216–1272). It was the only time an English ruler recognised the right of a ruler of Gwynedd over Wales. Llywelyn's grandfather Llywelyn the Great had previously laid claim to be the effective prince of Wales by using the title "Prince of Aberffraw, Lord of Snowdon" in the 1230s, after subduing all the other Welsh dynasties. Likewise Llywelyn's uncle, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, claimed the title of Prince of Wales during his reign from 1240 to 1246. However, Llywelyn's supremacy in the late 1260s forced recognition of his authority in Wales by an English Crown weakened by internal division.

Aberffraw
Aberffraw is a village and community on the south west coast of the Isle of Anglesey in Wales. The village is 9 miles from the island's county town, Llangefni, and is on the west bank of the Afon Ffraw (Ffraw River). The community includes Soar and Dothan. It is on the A4080 and the nearest rail station is Bodorgan.

The village has a long history as a settlement from the Mesolithic Age. More recently, in medieval times, the site became the capital of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and a royal residence for the family of the House of Aberffraw.

The name of the village is often truncated to "Berffro" in the local dialect of Welsh. Local attractions include a part of the Anglesey Coastal Path, the beach and dunes at Aberffraw bay, a lake for recreational fishing, historic churches and prehistoric burial chambers.
In Bloom (film)
In Bloom (Georgian: გრძელი ნათელი დღეები, romanized: Grdzeli nateli dgheebi) is a 2013 Georgian drama film directed by Nana Ekvtimishvili and Simon Groß. It is a bildungsroman focused on the friendship between two teenage girls in 1992 after the country’s independence from the Soviet Union. The artistic style is influenced by post-communist Romanian cinema, particularly by cameraman Oleg Mutu, who also worked on 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (2007).

The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival, winning the C.I.C.A.E. Prize. It was selected as the Georgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards.

International Confederation of Art Cinemas
The International Confederation of Arthouse Cinemas (CICAE, from French Confédération Internationale des Cinémas d’Art et d’Essai) is an international non-profit association with address of record in Paris which tries to support and to promote art cinema. It is the only international art cinema organisation of its kind.