hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude Fauchet (historian)
Claude Fauchet (French pronunciation: [klod foʃɛ]; 3 July 1530 – January 1602) was a sixteenth-century French historian, antiquary, and pioneering romance philologist. Fauchet published the earliest printed work of literary history in a vernacular language in Europe, the Recueil de l'origine de la langue et poësie françoise (1581). He was a high-ranking official in the governments of Charles IX, Henri III, and Henri IV, serving as the president of the Cour des monnaies.

Aulus Gellius
Aulus Gellius (c. 125 – after 180 AD) was a Roman author and grammarian, who was probably born and certainly brought up in Rome. He was educated in Athens, after which he returned to Rome. He is famous for his Attic Nights, a commonplace book, or compilation of notes on grammar, philosophy, history, antiquarianism, and other subjects, preserving fragments of the works of many authors who might otherwise be unknown today.
Koli Fayaz
Fayaz, also known as Koli Fayaz and Murgi Fayaz, was one of the underworld dons of Bangalore in the 1980s and 1990s. He was called 'Koli' Fayaz because he ran a poultry farm.

He was killed in 1995 by a gang attack led by Rizwan, Sultan, chappal Hameed, Tanveer his closest associate later took power over Shivajinagar for over a decade.[5]

Poultry farming
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers.  More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually. Chickens raised for eggs are known as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called broilers.

In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the UK, the national organization is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season
The 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 9, 2021. The regular season ended on March 6, 2022, with the 2022 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament beginning on March 18, and ending with the championship game at the Target Center in Minneapolis on April 3.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
NCAA Division III women's lacrosse tournament
The NCAA Division III women's lacrosse tournament is annual single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champion women's collegiate lacrosse among its Division III members in the United States. It has been held every year since 1985, except for 2020.

Middlebury Panthers are the current champions, winning their eleventh title—and fourth consecutive—in 2025.

TCNJ, previously known as Trenton State, has been the most successful program, with twelve titles.

Middlebury Panthers
The Middlebury Panthers are the 31 varsity teams of Middlebury College that compete in the New England Small College Athletic Conference. The Panthers lead the NESCAC in total number of national championships, having won 42 team titles since the conference lifted its ban on NCAA play in 1993. Middlebury enjoys national success in soccer, cross country running, field hockey, men's basketball, women's hockey, skiing, men's lacrosse and women's lacrosse, and fields 31 varsity NCAA teams and several competitive club teams including a sailing team (MCSC), a crew team, a water polo team, an ultimate frisbee team, and a rugby team. Since 2000, Middlebury's varsity squads have won 84 NESCAC titles. Currently, 28% of students participate in varsity sports.

In the early 20th century, the Panthers' traditional athletic rivals included the University of Vermont and Norwich University.  Today, rivalries vary by sport but typically include Williams College, Hamilton College and Amherst College.
Chamal Rajapaksa
Chamal Jayantha Rajapaksa (Sinhala: චමල් රාජපක්ෂ; Tamil: சமல் ராஜபக்ஷ; born 30 October 1942) is a Sri Lankan politician who was Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from 2010 to 2015. Previously he served as minister of ports and aviation and the minister for irrigation and water management.

He hails from a well-known political family in Sri Lanka. His father, D. A. Rajapaksa, was a prominent politician, independence agitator, member of parliament and Minister of Agriculture and Land in Wijeyananda Dahanayake's government. He is the elder brother of Mahinda Rajapaksa, who was President of Sri Lanka from 2005 to 2015 and Gotabaya Rajapaksa who was president from 2019 to 2022.

Shashindra Rajapaksa (eldest son of Rajapaksa) is the former chief Minister of Uva Provincial Council and former Basnayaka Nilame (Lay Custodian) of the Ruhunu Maha Kataragama devalaya.

President of Sri Lanka
The president of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති Śrī Laṅkā Janādhipati; Tamil: இலங்கை ஜனாதிபதி Ilaṇkai janātipati) is the head of state and head of government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The president is the chief executive of the union government and the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the Prime minister and Government of Sri Lanka, have over time differed with the various constitutional documents since the creation of the office. The president appoints the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka who can command the confidence of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

Anura Kumara Dissanayake is the 10th and current president, having assumed office on 23 September 2024, after being declared the winner of the 2024 presidential election.
Karolino-Buhaz rural hromada
Karolino-Buhaz rural hromada (Ukrainian: Кароліно-Бугазька сільська громада) is a rural hromada in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. It contains two rural-type settlements: Karolino-Buhaz (the administrative center) and Zatoka. Population: 4,764 (2022 estimate)

Until 18 July 2020, the hromada belonged to Ovidiopol Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Ovidiopol Raion was split between Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi and Odesa Raions, with Karolino-Buhaz rural hromada being transferred to Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Tanegashima clan
The Tanegashima clan (種子島氏, Tanegashima-shi) is a Japanese aristocratic family of samurai origins that originated on the Tanegashima Island, just south of Kyūshū. From the late Sengoku era to the start of the Meiji era, the Tanegashima were retainers of the Shimazu clan of the Satsuma Domain. In 1900, they were appointed Baron.

Affinity (medieval)
In post-classical history, an affinity was a collective name for the group (retinue) of (usually) men whom a lord gathered around himself in his service; it has been described by one modern historian as "the servants, retainers, and other followers of a lord", and as "part of the normal fabric of society". It is considered a fundamental aspect of bastard feudalism, and acted as a means of tying magnates to the lower nobility, just as feudalism had done in a different way.

One form of the relationship was known as livery and maintenance.  The lord provided livery badges to be worn by the retainer and "maintenance" or his support in their disputes, which often constituted obstruction of judicial processes.
ICL International
The ICL International, formerly the Transvaal Open, was a golf tournament in South Africa as part of the Southern Africa Tour. The list of winners includes major champions Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Nick Price.

The tournament was initially played at Kensington Golf Club in Johannesburg. It moved to Zwartkop Country Club in Pretoria from 1984 to 1995.

Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club
The Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club is a 36-hole golf complex located in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.

The resort opened in 1890 as the Royal Johannesburg Golf Club, and merged with the Kensington Golf Club in 1998. It is part of the PGA Tour network of golf courses. The East Course has hosted the South African PGA Championship since 2005 and both the East and West, the Joburg Open since 2007, the biggest annual professional golf event in Africa; the 2012 field was the largest of the PGA European Tour season, with 210 players. It also has hosted the International Final Qualifier (Africa) for the Open Championship since 2009, the Sanlam Women's Amateur Golf Championships of South Africa in 2008, and the 5 Nations Commonwealth Tournament in 2007.
Mermaid-class destroyer
Two Mermaid-class destroyers served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. They were three-funnelled turtle-backed destroyers with the usual Hawthorn funnel tops.  Built in 1896–1898, Mermaid and Cheerful were launched by R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie & Company from their Hebburn-on-Tyne shipyard.

Their Thornycroft boilers produced 6,100 hp to given them the required 30 knots (56 km/h) and they were armed with the standard 12-pounder gun and two torpedo tubes.  They carried a complement of 63 officers and men. In 1913 the pair - like all other surviving three-funnelled destroyers of the "30-knotter" group - were reclassed as C-class destroyers. The almost identical Greyhound-class ships built subsequently at the same yard differed only by having Yarrow boilers.

R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company
R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Limited, usually referred to as Hawthorn Leslie, was a shipbuilder and locomotive manufacturer. The company was founded on Tyneside in 1886 and ceased building ships in 1982.
Wolf's Head Society
Wolf's Head Society is a senior secret society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. The society is one of the "Big Three" and "Ancient Eight" societies at Yale. Active undergraduate membership is elected annually with sixteen Yale University students, typically rising seniors. Honorary members are elected.

The current delegation spends its year together answerable to an alumni association. Some past members have gained prominence in athletics, business, the fine and literary arts, higher education, journalism, and politics.

Yale Daily News
The Yale Daily News is a student newspaper published by students at Yale University, an Ivy League university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States since 1878. It is the oldest independent college daily newspaper in the United States.
Crypsiphona ocultaria
Crypsiphona ocultaria (erroneously as: Phalaena occultaria Guenée, 1857) the red-lined looper moth or red-lined geometer, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Edward Donovan in 1805 and it is found in Australia.

It is one of the most common moths found in Australia. The "red-lined" part of the name refers to the red markings seen on the undersides of the wings. The moth has a wingspan of 4-5 cm. Both sexes of the moth are similar in appearance. When threatened the grub stands still, pretending to be a stick.

As larvae it is a bluish-green with an off-white line on its sides. The larvae feed on eucalypt leaves.

Edward Donovan
Edward Donovan (1768 – 1 February 1837) was an Anglo-Irish writer, natural history illustrator, and amateur zoologist. He did not travel, but collected, described and illustrated many species based on the collections of other naturalists. His many books were successful in his time. He died penniless in 1837 leaving a large family destitute.
Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais Regional County Municipality
Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais (French pronunciation: [le kɔlin də lutawɛ], "The hills of the Outaouais") is a regional county municipality in the Outaouais region of western Quebec, Canada. The region nearly encircles the City of Gatineau, which is to the south. Its administrative seat is in Chelsea, Quebec.

It was created in January 1991 when the Communauté régionale de l'Outaouais (Outaouais Regional Community) was split into Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais RCM and the Communauté urbaine de l'Outaouais (Outaouais Urban Community, now City of Gatineau). The region is home to the majority of Gatineau Park. It is bisected by the Gatineau River which flows from north to south. The Ottawa River forms the southwestern boundary.

Outaouais
Outaouais (/uːtəweɪ/, French pronunciation: [utawɛ] ⓘ; also commonly called The Outaouais) is an administrative region of western Quebec, Canada. It includes the city of Gatineau, the municipality of Val-des-Monts, the municipality of Cantley and the Papineau region. Geographically, it is located on the north side of the Ottawa River opposite Canada's capital, Ottawa. It has a land area of 30,457.52 square kilometres (11,759.71 sq mi) and its population was 405,158 inhabitants as of 2021.

From 2017 to 2021, the Outaouais has a lower per capita disposable income than the rest of Quebec. It was $32,364 in 2021, compared to $34,180 in Quebec overall. In 2021, the unfavourable margin remained stable at 5.3%.
365 Days TV
365 Days TV (Russian: 365 дней ТВ) is a Russian historian channel. It is owned by the Red Media. The channel is described as "the first Russian history television channel". It has won the Hot Bird TV Awards prize thrice (2006 – The Best Dynamically Developing Channel, 2008 – Culture and Education, 2010 – The Best Documentary TV Channel). The channel is included into basic package of the NTV Plus.

Eutelsat TV Awards
The Eutelsat TV Awards, also known as The ETVA, is a television prize, awarded by Eutelsat and dedicated to thematic television broadcast across Europe, Africa and the Middle East via the satellites of Eutelsat. Prizes are assigned in 10 categories: Children's, Cinema, Culture/ Education, Documentaries, Fiction/ General Entertainment, Lifestyle, Music, National Window, News and Sports. The ceremony is held in November in Venice, Italy.
Virginia State Route 360
State Route 360 (SR 360) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 41.77 miles (67.22 km) from U.S. Route 360, US 58 Business, and SR 293 in Danville east to US 360 and SR 344 near Scottsburg. SR 360 is the old alignment of US 360 through Danville, eastern Pittsylvania County, and Halifax County, including the latter's county seat of Halifax, before the U.S. Highway was moved to its present course mostly concurrent with US 58 via South Boston.

South Boston, Virginia
South Boston, formerly Boyd's Ferry, is a town in Halifax County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, South Boston had a population of 7,966. It is the most populous town in Halifax County.
Ertuğrul Bayrak
Ertuğrul Bayrak (born June 17, 1992) is a Turkish-Dutch kickboxer, currently signed with Glory, where he was formerly the #1 ranked middleweight.

He was ranked as the sixth best middleweight in the world by Beyond Kickboxing, as of October 2022. He was ranked in the Combat Press middleweight top ten between March 2019 and July 2021.

2019 in Glory
The year 2019 was the eighth year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion. The first event of the year, Glory 63: Houston, would also be the first to be broadcast on UFC Fight Pass as part of a new agreement with the UFC that saw their Fight Pass streaming service become the exclusive carrier of Glory events in the United States. Glory events were also broadcast through television agreements with Veronica TV, and other regional channels around the world.
William Piper
William Piper (January 1, 1774 – 1852) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic-Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district from 1811 to 1813 and for Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district from 1813 to 1817.

He was born at Bloody Run (now Everett) in the Province of Pennsylvania to John and Elizabeth Lusk Piper.  He commanded a regiment during the War of 1812, and served as adjutant general of Pennsylvania after the war. He served in the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 14th district from 1817 to 1820 and for the 22nd district from 1821 to 1832. Piper was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Congresses.  He died in Hopewell Township, Pennsylvania in 1852.  Interment in the Piper Cemetery on his farm in Hopewell Township.

12th United States Congress
The 12th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1811, to March 4, 1813, during the third and fourth years of James Madison's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Bak Mei
Bak Mei (Chinese: 白眉; pinyin: Bái Méi; Wade–Giles: Pai Mei; Cantonese Yale: Baahk Mèih; lit. 'White Eyebrow') is a semi-mythical 17th-century figure of Chinese martial arts folklore. He is said to have been one of the legendary Five Elders—survivors of the fictional destruction of the Shaolin Monastery. In later folklore traditions, he is sometimes portrayed as having betrayed Shaolin to the imperial government.

In modern popular culture, Bak Mei has been depicted in Wuxia literature and Hong Kong martial arts films such as Executioners from Shaolin (1977), Abbot of Shaolin (1979), and Clan of the White Lotus (1980). Bak Mei is better known in the West as Pai Mei, played by Gordon Liu in the Hollywood action films Kill Bill: Volume 2 (2004) and Kill Bill: The Whole Bloody Affair (2004).

He is the namesake of the South Chinese martial art attributed to him: Bak Mei Kung Fu.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Hotter than Hell (album)
Hotter than Hell is the second studio album by American hard rock band Kiss, released on October 22, 1974, by Casablanca Records. It was certified gold on June 23, 1977, having shipped 500,000 copies. The album was re-released in 1997 in a remastered version. It peaked on the Billboard 200 charts at No. 100, without the benefit of a hit single. Many of the album's songs were live staples for the band, including "Parasite", "Hotter than Hell", "Let Me Go, Rock 'n' Roll", and "Watchin' You".

Peter Criss
George Peter John Criscuola (born December 20, 1945), better known by his stage name Peter Criss, is an American musician, best known as a co-founder, original drummer, and a vocalist of the hard rock band Kiss. Criss established the Catman character for his Kiss persona. In 2014 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Kiss.
Edmund de Waal
Edmund Arthur Lowndes de Waal, CBE (born 10 September 1964) is an English contemporary artist, potter and author. He is known for his large-scale installations of porcelain vessels often created in response to collections and archives or the history of a particular place. De Waal's book The Hare with Amber Eyes was awarded the Costa Book Award for Biography, Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize in 2011 and Windham–Campbell Literature Prize for Non-Fiction in 2015. De Waal's second book, The White Road, tracing his journey to discover the history of porcelain, was released in 2015.

He lives and works in London, England.

Gagosian Gallery
Gagosian Gallery is a modern and contemporary art gallery owned and directed by Larry Gagosian. The gallery exhibits some of the most well-known artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. As of 2024, Gagosian employs 300 people at 19 exhibition spaces – including New York City, London, Paris, Basel, Beverly Hills, San Francisco, Rome, Athens, Geneva, and Hong Kong – designed by architects such as Caruso St John, Richard Gluckman, Richard Meier, Jean Nouvel, and Annabelle Selldorf.

In 2011, a survey of art dealers by The Wall Street Journal estimated that Gagosian Gallery had annual sales of about $1 billion. In May 2011 alone, half the works for evening sale by major auction houses in New York City were by artists represented by the gallery.
NGO-ization
NGO-ization (or 'NGO-isation') refers to the professionalization, bureaucratization, and institutionalization of social movements as they adopt the form of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). It  led to NGOs' depoliticizing discourses and practices of social movements. The term has been introduced in the context of Western European women's movements, but since the late 1990s has been employed to assess the role of organized civil society on a global scale.  It is also used by Indian writer Arundhati Roy, who speaks about the NGO-ization of resistance, and more generally, about the NGO-ization of politics. 
Across the world, the number of internationally operating NGOs is around 40,000. The number of national NGOs in countries is higher, with around 1-2 million NGOs in India and 277,000 NGOs in Russia.

Professionalization
Professionalization or professionalisation is a social process by which any trade or occupation transforms itself into a true "profession of the highest integrity and competence." The definition of what constitutes a profession is often contested. Professionalization tends to result in establishing acceptable qualifications, one or more professional associations to recommend best practice and to oversee the conduct of members of the profession, and some degree of demarcation of the qualified from unqualified amateurs (that is, professional certification). It is also likely to create "occupational closure", closing the profession and activities it encompasses to entry from outsiders, amateurs and the unqualified.

Occupations not fully professionalized are sometimes called semiprofessions. Critique of professionalization views overzealous versions driven by perverse incentives (essentially, a modern analogue of the negative aspects of guilds) as a form of credentialism.