hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Philippe Baby Casgrain
Joseph Philippe Baby Casgrain (March 1, 1856 – January 6, 1939) was a Quebec surveyor, civil engineer and political figure. He was a Liberal member of the Senate of Canada for De Lanaudière division from 1900 to 1939.

He was born at Quebec City in 1856, the son of Philippe Baby Casgrain, and studied at the Séminaire de Québec. He qualified to practice as a provincial land surveyor in Quebec in 1878 and as a dominion land surveyor for Canada in 1881; he also later qualified as a surveyor for Ontario and Manitoba. He later became chief engineer for the Montreal and Pacific Junction Railway, also serving as a director for the company. Casgrain was also chief engineer for the Montreal Turnpike Trust. He was president of the Montreal Herald. In 1885, he married Ella, the daughter of lumber merchant James William Cook. They lived at 'Bijou', their home in the Golden Square Mile of Montreal.

He died in office in 1939.

Séminaire de Québec
46°48′53″N 71°12′19″W﻿ / ﻿46.81472°N 71.20528°W﻿ / 46.81472; -71.20528

The Seminary of Quebec (French: Séminaire de Québec, pronounced [seminɛʁ də kebɛk]) is a Catholic diocesan seminary in Quebec City founded in 1663 by François de Laval, the first bishop of New France.
The Hot Zone
The Hot Zone: A Terrifying True Story is a best-selling 1994 nonfiction thriller by Richard Preston about the origins and incidents involving viral hemorrhagic fevers, particularly ebolaviruses and marburgviruses. The basis of the book was Preston's 1992 New Yorker article "Crisis in the Hot Zone".

The filoviruses—including Ebola virus, Sudan virus, Marburg virus, and Ravn virus—are Biosafety Level 4 agents, extremely dangerous to humans because they are very infectious, have a high fatality rate, and most have no known prophylactic measures, treatments, or cures. Along with describing the history of the devastation caused by two of these Central African diseases, Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease, Preston described a 1989 incident in which a relative of Ebola virus, Reston virus, was discovered at a primate quarantine facility in Reston, Virginia, less than 15 miles (24 km) away from Washington, D.C.

Viral hemorrhagic fever
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of infectious diseases. "Viral" refers to a virus being the etiologic factor (as opposed to, for instance, a parasite or a bacterium), "hemorrhagic" as in "bleeding-associated," and "fever" meaning an unusually high body temperature. Indeed, bleeding and fever are typically the most prevalent and severe symptoms of VHFs.

There are five known families of (RNA) viruses known to cause hemorrhagic fever: Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. Some VHFs are considered mild, such as nephropathia epidemica (caused by a hantavirus), while others tend to be debilitating or even lethal, such as ebola fever (caused by a filovirus). All VHFs have the potential to result in hypotension, high fever, and death.

Both humans and non-human animals can be infected. VHFs are often zoonoses, meaning they can be transmitted from wild animals to human populations; for instance, the Lassa arenavirus is spread by mice.
John Williams (died 1751)
John Williams (died 1 January 1751) was a member of parliament for Fowey within Cornwall, England, in January 1701 and December 1701.

He was the eldest son of William Williams of Bodenick and Treworgy.

He was appointed High Sheriff of Cornwall for 1703–04.

He never married.

Duloe, Cornwall
Duloe (Cornish: Dewlogh (English 'Two Rivers')) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated about five miles (4.7 miles (8 km)) south of Liskeard. The village of Herodsfoot and the hamlets of Churchbridge, Highercliff, Milcombe, Tredinnick, Trefanny Hill, Tregarlandbridge and Tregarrick Mill are also in the parish. The manors of Brodbane, Trenant, Lanwarnick, Killigorick and Tremadart are mentioned in the Domesday Book (1086).
Hermann Schwartze
Hermann Hugo Rudolf Schwartze (7 September 1837 – 20 August 1910) was a German aurist, born at Neuhof in Pomerania and educated in Berlin and Würzburg. He settled in Halle, where he became assistant professor of otology at its university.

One of the founders of modern otology, Schwartze made a particular study of the anatomy of the ear and improved the methods of paracentesis on the tympanic membrane and of the opening of inflamed apophyses of the middle ear.

He wrote Praktische Beiträge zur Ohrenheilkunde (1864), Pathologische Anatomie des Ohrs (1878; English translation by J. O. Green, The Pathological Anatomy of the Ear, 1878), Lehrbuch der chirurgischen Krankheiten desOhrs (1885), and Grundriss der Otologie (1905). He was co-editor with Emil Berthold of the Handbuch der Ohrenheilkunde (1892–1893); and in 1864 was co-founder of the Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde with Adam Politzer and Anton von Troeltsch. This publication was the first journal in Germany dedicated to ear disorders.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Kenneth Fetterman
Kenneth Fetterman is an American scam artist who occasionally partnered with Kenneth Walton to sell very expensive counterfeit art on rigged auctions on eBay.

One of his partners in the shill bidding was Kenneth Walton, who had, in May 2000, sold a fake painting that was at the time the highest price ever paid for a painting in an online auction. It was supposedly the undiscovered work of the late Northern California artist Richard Diebenkorn. However, the fraud was discovered, and after Walton was investigated, it was uncovered that Walton, Scott Beach, and Fetterman were involved in a shill bidding ring and that Fetterman had faked many paintings. After running from the authorities using various aliases and living off his fake paintings he was selling on eBay, he was finally caught indicted by a federal grand jury for rigging art auctions on eBay. In May 2004, Fetterman was sentenced to nearly four years in federal prison.

Richard Diebenkorn
Richard Diebenkorn (April 22, 1922 – March 30, 1993) was an American painter and printmaker. His early work is associated with abstract expressionism and the Bay Area Figurative Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. In the late 1960s, he began his extensive series of geometric, lyrical abstract paintings. Known as the Ocean Park paintings, these paintings were instrumental to his achievement of worldwide acclaim. Art critic Michael Kimmelman described Diebenkorn as "one of the premier American painters of the postwar era, whose deeply lyrical abstractions evoked the shimmering light and wide-open spaces of California, where he spent virtually his entire life."
1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 25–26 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Michael Klim of Australia.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in freestyle.

Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre
The Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre (SOPAC), formerly Sydney International Aquatic Centre (SIAC), is a swimming venue located in the Sydney Olympic Park in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Built in 1994, the SOPAC was a major venue for the 2000 Summer Olympics as it hosted the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, the medal events for water polo, and the swimming portion of the modern pentathlon competitions. The SOPAC has since been a host venue for numerous schools and swimming associations around New South Wales. Currently, it has most notably been the venue for the annual CAS Swimming Championships. It is also scheduled to be the site of the 2022 Duel in the Pool. The SOPAC also includes a swim shop at the entry of the arena, a play area, a health club and operates swimming classes for all ages.

The arena currently holds 10,000 people. Capacity was boosted to 17,000 during the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Canadian Maple Leaf coins
The Canadian Maple Leaf coins are bullion coins of gold, silver, platinum, or palladium, issued by the Royal Canadian Mint:

Canadian Gold Maple Leaf

Canadian Silver Maple Leaf

Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf

Canadian Palladium Maple Leaf

Royal Canadian Mint
The Royal Canadian Mint (French: Monnaie royale canadienne) is the mint of Canada and a Crown corporation, operating under an act of parliament referred to as the Royal Canadian Mint Act. The shares of the mint are held in trust for the Crown in right of Canada.

The mint produces all of Canada's circulation coins, and manufactures circulation coins on behalf of other nations. The mint also designs and manufactures precious and base metal collector coins; gold, silver, palladium, and platinum bullion coins; medals, as well as medallions and tokens. It further offers gold and silver refinery and assay services.

The mint serves the public's interest but is also mandated to operate "in anticipation of profit" (i.e., to function in a commercial manner without relying on taxpayer support to fund its operations). Like private-sector companies, the mint has a board of directors consisting of a chair, the president and CEO of the mint, and eight other directors.
10th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 10th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was a regiment of infantry in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Organized at Hampden Park in Springfield, Massachusetts in the early summer of 1861 and consisting mostly of men from western Massachusetts, the regiment was mustered in on June 21, 1861.  It was originally led by Colonel Henry Shaw Briggs, an attorney and prominent citizen of Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
A formation of the 10th Massachusetts Infantry

Western Massachusetts
42°20′N 72°50′W﻿ / ﻿42.333°N 72.833°W﻿ / 42.333; -72.833

Western Massachusetts, known colloquially as "Western Mass," is a region in Massachusetts, one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States. Western Massachusetts has diverse topography; 22 colleges and universities including UMass in Amherst, MA, with approximately 100,000 students; and such institutions as Tanglewood, the Springfield Armory, and Jacob's Pillow.

The western part of western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains, where there are several vacation resorts. The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley, which has a number of university towns, the major city Springfield, and numerous agricultural hamlets. In the eastern part of the area, the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation.
Trinity Episcopal Day School
Trinity Episcopal Day School was a private school located in Natchez, Mississippi, United States, with students in preschool through twelfth grade. Trinity Episcopal was accredited by the Mississippi State Department of Education, the Mississippi Association of Independent Schools, and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Athletic teams carried the nickname of Saints, and the school colors were red, white, and black.

Due to shrinking enrollment, Trinity closed in May 2018.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
Welfare maximization
The welfare maximization problem is an optimization problem studied in economics and computer science. Its goal is to partition a set of items among agents with different utility functions, such that the welfare – defined as the sum of the agents' utilities – is as high as possible. In other words, the goal is to find an item allocation satisfying the utilitarian rule.

An equivalent problem in the context of combinatorial auctions is called the winner determination problem. In this context, each agent submits a list of bids on sets of items, and the goal is to determine what bid or bids should win, such that the sum of the winning bids is maximum.

Partition matroid
In mathematics, a partition matroid or partitional matroid is a matroid that is a direct sum of uniform matroids. It is defined over a base set in which the elements are partitioned into different categories. For each category, there is a capacity constraint - a maximum number of allowed elements from this category. The independent sets of a partition matroid are exactly the sets in which, for each category, the number of elements from this category is at most the category capacity.
Calum Elliot
Calum Elliot (born 30 March 1987) is a Scottish former professional footballer who was most recently manager of Scottish League Two club Bonnyrigg Rose.

He played as a forward for Heart of Midlothian, Motherwell, Livingston, Dundee, Žalgiris Vilnius, Alloa and Raith Rovers. He also represented Scotland at youth international levels up to and including the under-21 team. He was previous manager of Tranent Juniors until he left his position in August 2022 and went onto Cowdenbeath.

Scottish League Two
The Scottish League Two, known as William Hill League Two for sponsorship reasons, is the fourth tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League Two was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.

Since the 2014–15 season, the bottom team has entered a play-off against the winner of a play-off between the winners of the Highland and Lowland Leagues for a place in the following season's competition.
Synsphyronus apimelus
Synsphyronus apimelus is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Garypidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1987 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet apimelus comes from the Greek apimelos ('lean' or 'without fat'), with reference to the slenderness of the pedipalps.

Pseudoscorpion
Pseudoscorpions, also known as false scorpions or book scorpions, are small, scorpion-like arachnids belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida.

Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans because they prey on clothes moth larvae, carpet beetle larvae, booklice, ants, mites, and small flies. They are common in many environments, but they are rarely noticed due to their small size. When people see pseudoscorpions, especially indoors, they often mistake them for ticks or small spiders. Pseudoscorpions often carry out phoresis, a form of commensalism in which one organism uses another for the purpose of transport.
Deixa-me amar
Deixa-me amar was a 2007 Portuguese telenovela, based in the Argentine telenovela You Are the One. The main actors were Paula Lobo Antunes as Lara Guerra (a female boxer) and Paulo Pires as businessman Martim Botelho.

Paulo Pires
Paulo Pires (born 26 February 1967) is a Portuguese television and film actor and former stage actor and fashion model, known for his work in Portuguese and Spanish television and films.  He was named Portuguese Theatre Personality of the Year in the 1996 Portuguese Golden Globes.  In October 2008 The Biography Channel aired a documentary covering 20 years of his life and work in entertainment.
Egawa
Egawa (written: 江川 or 恵川) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Atsushi Egawa (江川 淳, born 1966), Japanese cross-country skier

Hisao Egawa (江川 央生, born 1962), Japanese voice actor

Kosei Egawa (恵川 光生), Japanese Paralympic swimmer

Suguru Egawa (江川 卓, born 1955), Japanese baseball analyst and a former pitcher

Tatsuya Egawa (江川 達也, born 1961), Japanese manga artist

Toshio Egawa (永川 敏郎, born 1959), keyboardist and a member of Gerard

Yoshitaka Egawa (江川 嘉孝, 1942–2024), Japanese basketball player

Yuki Egawa (江川 優生, born 1998), Japanese kickboxer

Kosei Egawa
Kosei Egawa (恵川 光生, Egawa Kōsei) is a Paralympic swimmer from Japan competing mainly in category S12 events.

Kosei swam in six events at the 2004 Summer Paralympics as part of the Japanese team.  He won a bronze medal as part of the Japanese squad in the 4 × 100 m freestyle and also finished fourth in the 4 × 100 m medley.  Individually he competed in the 50m,100m and 400m freestyle missing the final in all three but did finish sixth in the 100m butterfly final.
Elon Hogsett
Elon Chester "Chief" Hogsett (November 2, 1903 – July 17, 2001) was an American professional baseball pitcher who threw with a left-handed  submarine motion. He played in Major League Baseball from 1929 to 1938 plus a final season in 1944, appearing in 330 games, 114 as a starter, compiling a 63–87 win–loss record with a 5.02 earned run average (ERA). He spent parts of nine seasons with the Detroit Tigers and pitched in the World Series in 1934 and 1935.

Submarine (baseball)
In baseball, a submarine is a pitching delivery in which the ball is released often just above the ground, but not underhanded, with the torso bent at a right angle, and shoulders tilted so severely that they rotate around a nearly horizontal axis. This is in stark contrast to the underhand softball pitch in which the torso remains upright, the shoulders are level, and the hips do not rotate.
Utah State Route 208
State Route 208 (SR-208) is a 10.205-mile (16.423 km), north–south state highway on the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in the Uinta Basin in eastern Duchesne County, Utah, United States, that connects U.S. Route 40 (US-40) with Utah State Route 35 (SR-35).

Uinta Basin
The Uinta Basin (also known as the Uintah Basin) is a physiographic section of the larger Colorado Plateaus province, which in turn is part of the larger Intermontane Plateaus physiographic division. It is also a geologic structural basin in eastern Utah, east of the Wasatch Mountains and south of the Uinta Mountains. The Uinta Basin is fed by creeks and rivers flowing south from the Uinta Mountains. Many of the principal rivers (Strawberry River, Currant Creek, Rock Creek, Lake Fork River, and Uintah River) flow into the Duchesne River which feeds the Green River—a tributary of the Colorado River. The Uinta Mountains form the northern border of the Uinta Basin. They contain the highest point in Utah, Kings Peak, with a summit 13,528 feet (4,123 metres) above sea level.  
The climate of the Uinta Basin is semi-arid, with occasionally severe winter cold.
Gonyosoma jansenii
Gonyosoma jansenii, commonly known as the Celebes black-tailed rat snake, the Celebes ratsnake, and Jansen's rat snake, is a species of snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.

Colubrinae
The Colubrinae are a subfamily of snakes within the family Colubridae. It includes numerous genera, and although taxonomic sources often disagree on the exact number, the Reptile Database lists 717 species in 92 genera as of September 2019. It is the second largest subfamily of colubrids, after Dipsadinae. Many of the most commonly known snakes are members of this subfamily, including rat snakes, king snakes, milk snakes, vine snakes, and indigo snakes.
Confessional (TV series)
Confessional is a British espionage thriller television miniseries starring Robert Lindsay, Keith Carradine, Simon Chandler, Robert Lang, Valentina Yakunina and Arthur Brauss. This series based on the 1985 spy novel of the same name by Jack Higgins and adapted for the television by James Mitchell and directed by Gordon Flemyng, it was produced by Granada Television for the ITV network and originally aired in four parts from 4 to 25 October 1989. The plot follows a rogue terrorist turned Soviet assassin, code named Cuchulain, trying to prevent a peace agreement between the parties involved in Northern Ireland.

Jack Higgins
Henry Patterson (27 July 1929 – 9 April 2022), commonly known by his pen name Jack Higgins, was a British author. He was a best-selling author of popular thrillers and espionage novels. His novel The Eagle Has Landed (1975) sold more than 50 million copies and was adapted into a successful 1976 movie of the same title.

Some of his other notable books are A Prayer for the Dying (1973), The Eagle Has Flown (1991), Thunder Point (1993), Angel of Death (1995), Flight of Eagles (1998), and Day of Reckoning (2000). His 85 novels in total have sold more than 250 million copies and have been translated into 55 languages.
Camassia leichtlinii
Camassia leichtlinii, the great camas or large camas, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. This herbaceous perennial is native to western North America in British Columbia, Canada and California, Nevada, Oregon and Washington, in the United States.

Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (/əsˌpærəˈɡeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.  This family includes both common garden plants as well as common houseplants.  The garden plants include asparagus, yucca, bluebell, lily of the valley, and hosta, and the houseplants include snake plant, corn cane, spider plant, and plumosus fern.

The Asparagaceae is a morphologically heterogenous family with the included species varying widely in their appearance and growth form. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with genera and species contained in the family native to all continents except Antarctica.
William F. Hickey Jr.
William F. Hickey Jr. (May 28, 1929 – July 21, 2016) was an American judge and politician.

Born in Stamford, Connecticut, Hickey graduated from Manhattan College in 1952 and Fordham University School of Law in 1955. He served in the Connecticut State Senate from 1960 to 1970 and was a Democrat. In 1963, Hickey also served as interim mayor of Stamford, Connecticut for three months. Hickey served as a Connecticut Superior Court judge and then an administrative judge. From 1979 to 2004, Hickey lived with his family in New Canaan, Connecticut. Hickey died at his home in Fairfield, Connecticut.

Fairfield, Connecticut
Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region. Fairfield is a hub of higher education, enrolling more than 17,000 students between Sacred Heart University and Fairfield University.