hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
8th Bomber Division (People's Republic of China)
The 8th Bomber Division or  8th Air Division (Chinese: 空军航空兵第八师; pinyin: Kōngjūn Hángkōngbīng Dì Bā Shī, 8th AD) of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) is an air formation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Today, the 8th Bomber Division is assigned to the Southern Theater Command and operates Xian H-6 bombers. The 8th Bomber Division, the first and longest-serving bomber unit in the PRC, has been deployed in the 1950–1953 Korean War, 1958 Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, 1959 Tibetan uprising, and today conducts deterrence patrols in the South China Sea.

As one of only three bomber divisions of the PLAAF, and the only bomber division assigned to the Southern Theater Command Air Force, the 8th Bomber Division is almost certainly responsible for providing strategic bombing support capabilities with Su-30 or Su-35 fighter escorts to a conflict in the South China Sea and potentially a conflict with Taiwan.

Southern Theater Command Air Force
The Southern Theater Command Air Force is the air force under the Southern Theater Command. Its headquarters is in Guangzhou, Guangdong. The current commander is Qiao Xiangji and the current political commissar is Xu Liqian.
Len Esau
Leonard Esau (born March 16, 1968) is a Canadian former ice hockey defenceman who played 27 games in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Quebec Nordiques, Calgary Flames and the Edmonton Oilers between 1991 and 1995. The Leafs drafted him in the fifth round 86th overall in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft from the St. Cloud State Huskies. Esau never scored a goal in the NHL, but notched up 10 assists and collected 24 penalty minutes. He spent much of his tenure in the American Hockey League and the International Hockey League, but also spent one season in Japan, playing for Seibu-Tetsudo Tokyo. Internationally Esau played for the Canadian national team at the 1995 World Championships, winning a bronze medal.

St. Cloud State University
St. Cloud State University (SCSU) is a public university in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1869, the university is one of the largest institutions in the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system. In the fall of 2023, it enrolled 8,430 undergraduate and 2,084 graduate students.
Hana Moataz
Hana Moataz (Arabic: هنا معتز), also known as Hana Ayoub (born 21 March 2000 in Giza) is an Egyptian professional squash player. As of September 2024, she was ranked number 28 in the world.  She competed for the Harvard Crimson, graduating in 2021.

Women's Squash World Rankings
The Women's Squash World Rankings are the official world rankings for women's squash. The WISPA, the WSA and the PSA has used a computerized system for determining the rankings since April 1984. The ranking is to rate the performance level of female professional squash players. It is also a merit-based method used for determining entry and seeding in women's squash tournaments. The rankings were initially produced monthly; this has been changed to weekly basis effective ranking issue dated August 29, 2022.

The current world number one is Nouran Gohar of Egypt, who replaced Nour El Sherbini in September 2023, and then Hania El Hammamy in November 2025.
Coursera
Coursera Inc. (/kərˈsɛrə/) is an American for-profit online university, earlier operating as a global massive open online course provider from 2012 until 2021. It was founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Coursera works with universities and other organizations to offer online courses, certifications, and degrees in a variety of subjects.

On February 2, 2021, Coursera announced its B Corporation certification from B Lab and its transformation into a Public Benefit Corporation.

As of 2023, more than 300 universities and companies were offering courses through Coursera, and by 2024, the number of courses available had risen to approximately 7,000.

In December 2024, Gerg Hart, who served 23 years as Technical Advisor to Jeff Bezos at Amazon  was hired as Coursera's new CEO and ended the opportunity to audit courses for free, putting all of the previously free university courses under a paywall starting at USD49 per month.

B Corporation (certification)
In business, a company that uses the “Certified B Corporation” trademark (also B Corporation  or B Corp) is a for-profit corporation certified for its social impact by B Lab, a private global non-profit organization. To be granted and to maintain certification, a company must receive a minimum score of 80 from an assessment of its social and environmental performance, integrate B Corp commitments to stakeholders into company governing documents, and pay an annual fee based on annual sales. Companies must re-certify every three years to retain B Corporation status.

As of March 2025, there are 9,576 certified B Corporations across 160 industries in 102 countries.
Hyundai i20 WRC
The Hyundai i20 WRC is a World Rally Car built by Hyundai for use from the 2014 World Rally Championship. It is based on the Hyundai i20 subcompact car, and was unveiled at the 2012 Paris Motor Show. The launch of the i20 marks Hyundai's return to the World Rally Championship after a ten-year absence. The car made its first competitive appearance at the 2014 Rallye Monte Carlo.

Monte Carlo Rally
The Monte Carlo Rally or Rallye Monte-Carlo (officially Rallye Automobile Monte-Carlo) is a rallying event organized each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco.

From its inception in 1911 by Prince Albert I, the rally was intended to demonstrate improvements and innovations in automobiles, and promote Monaco as a tourist resort on the Mediterranean shore. Before the format changed in 1997, the event was a “concentration rally” in which competitors would set off from various starting points around Europe and drive to Monaco, where the rally would continue to a set of special stages.

The rally now takes place along the hills of the French Riviera and southeast France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes). In 2026, for the first time since the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally, the event returned to within the borders of Monaco for a Super Special Stage.
Reflowable document
A reflowable document is a type of electronic document that can adapt its presentation to the output device. Typical prepress or fixed page size output formats like PostScript or PDF are not reflowable during the actual printing process because the page is not resized. For end users, the World Wide Web standard, HTML is a reflowable format as is the case with any resizable electronic page format.

In contrast to end user terminology, the notion of reflow is sometimes used to discuss desktop publishing program features for print publication page layout such as automatically balancing the amount of text in a number of columns.

Reflow is not limited to text; 21st century scorewriters enable music notation to be reflowed between systems and pages in a similar way to how text reflows between lines and pages.

End user
In product development, an end user is a person who ultimately uses or is intended to ultimately use a product. The end user stands in contrast to users who support or maintain the product, such as sysops, system administrators, database administrators, information technology (IT) experts, software professionals, and computer technicians. End users typically do not possess the technical understanding or skill of the product designers, a fact easily overlooked and forgotten by designers: leading to features creating low customer satisfaction. In information technology, end users are not customers in the usual sense—they are typically employees of the customer. For example, if a large retail corporation buys a software package for its employees to use, even though the large retail corporation was the customer that purchased the software, the end users are the employees of the company, who will use the software at work.
Erasmus Widmann
Erasmus Widmann (1572–1634) was a South German composer.

Widmann was born at Schwäbisch Hall, and studied in Tübingen. His first musical positions were in Eisenerz (1595), Graz (1596), Schwäbisch Hall, and from 1602 Kapellmeister to Count Wolfgang von Hohenlohe-Weikersheim till the count's death in 1610. Finally Widmann was cantor and organist at Rothenburg ob der Tauber.

Rothenburg ob der Tauber
Rothenburg ob der Tauber (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːtn̩bʊʁk ʔɔp deːɐ̯ ˈtaʊbɐ] ⓘ) is a town located in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia), the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. It is well known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a destination for tourists from around the world. It is part of the popular Romantic Road through southern Germany. Today it is one of only four towns in Germany that still have completely intact city walls, the other three being Nördlingen, Dinkelsbühl and Berching, all in Bavaria.

Rothenburg was a free imperial city (German: Freie Reichsstadt) from the late Middle Ages to 1803. In 1884 Johann Friedrich (von) Hessing (1838–1918) built Wildbad Rothenburg o.d.T. 1884–1903.
Idyll XXV
Idyll XXV, later titled Ηρακλής Λεοντοφόνος ('Heracles the Lion-slayer') by Callierges, is a poem doubtfully attributed to the 3rd-century BC Greek poet Theocritus. This is an idyll of the epic sort, and is sometimes categorised as an epyllion. In the course of the narrative, Heracles visits the herds of King Augeas (to clean their stalls was one of his twelve labours), and, after an encounter with a bull, describes to the king's son his battle with the lion of Nemea.

Epyllion
In classical studies the term epyllion (Ancient Greek: ἐπύλλιον, plural: ἐπύλλια, epyllia) refers to a comparatively short narrative poem (or discrete episode within a longer work) that shows formal affinities with epic, but betrays a preoccupation with themes and poetic techniques that are not generally or, at least, primarily characteristic of epic proper.
Arthur West Haddan
Arthur West Haddan (31 August 1816 – 8 February 1873) was an English churchman and academic, of High Church Anglican views, now remembered as an ecclesiastical historian, particularly for Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents relating to Great Britain and Ireland, written with William Stubbs.

John Bramhall
John Bramhall, DD (1594 – 25 June 1663) was an Archbishop of Armagh, and an Anglican theologian and apologist. He was a noted controversialist who doggedly defended the English Church from both Puritan and Roman Catholic accusations, as well as the materialism of Thomas Hobbes.
Jason Nelson (poet)
Jason Nelson is a digital and hypermedia poet and artist. He is a Professor of Digital Culture and a PI at the Center for Digital Narrative at the University of Bergen, where he was also a Fulbright Fellow from 2016-17. Until 2020 he was a lecturer on Cyberstudies, digital writing and creative practice at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia. He is best known for his artistic flash games/essays such as Game, game, game and again game and I made this. You play this. We are Enemies. He has worked on the Australia Council of the Arts Literature Board and the Board of the Electronic Literature Organization based at MIT.

Nelson's style of Web art merges various genres and technologies, focusing on collages of poetry, image, sound, movement and interaction.

Queensland Literary Awards
The Queensland Literary Awards is an awards program established in 2012 by the Queensland literary community, funded by sponsors and administered by the State Library of Queensland. Like the former Queensland Premier's Literary Awards, the QLAs celebrate and promote outstanding Australian writing. The awards aim to seek out, recognize and nurture great talent in Australian writing. They draw national and international attention to some of our best writers and to Queensland's recognition of outstanding Australian literature and publishing.

These awards have a focus on supporting new writing through the Emerging Queensland Writer – Manuscript Award and Unpublished Indigenous writer – David Unaipon Award. "They give local writers and new writers something to aspire to."
Sentinel Mountain (Alberta)
Sentinel Mountain is a 2,591-metre (8,501-foot) mountain located in the North Saskatchewan River valley of the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Elliott Peak, 1.6 km (0.99 mi) to the southeast. Both can be seen from the David Thompson Highway and Abraham Lake. Precipitation runoff from Sentinel Mountain drains into tributaries of the North Saskatchewan River. The mountain was named in 1893 by Arthur P. Coleman and the toponym was officially adopted in 1928 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Abraham Lake
Abraham Lake, also known as Lake Abraham, is an artificial lake and Alberta's largest reservoir. It is located in the "Kootenay Plains area of the Canadian Rockies' front range", on the North Saskatchewan River in western Alberta, Canada.
Rolf-Dieter Jaretzky
Rolf-Dieter Jaretzky (born 1935) is a pharmacist and philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1997.

He was the president of the Grand Prix Club (1994–1996) and the director of the Bundesstelle Ausstellungswesen des BDPh. He is a fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society of London.

He has formed leading collections of the philately of Mexico and Prussia.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Michael Bierut
Michael Bierut (born 1957) is a graphic designer, design critic and educator, who has been a partner at design firm Pentagram since 1990. He designed the logo for Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign.

Princeton Architectural Press
Princeton Architectural Press (now PA Press) is a division of Chronicle Books.

Founded by Kevin Lippert in 1981 in Princeton, NJ.

The Press, now based in New York City, has since broadened its scope to include new nonfiction book categories such as nature, gardening, cookbooks, pop culture, and more, and introduced illustrated children's books and stationery and puzzle products to its publishing program.

PA Press is not related to or affiliated with Princeton University Press.
Apartheid legislation
The system of racial segregation and oppression in South Africa known as apartheid was implemented and enforced by many acts and other laws. This legislation served to institutionalize racial discrimination and the dominance by white people over people of other races. While the bulk of this legislation was enacted after the election of the National Party government in 1948, it was preceded by discriminatory legislation enacted under earlier British and Afrikaner governments. Apartheid is distinguished from segregation in other countries by the systematic way in which it was formalized in law.

Interim Constitution (South Africa)
The Interim Constitution was the fundamental law of South Africa from during the first non-racial general election on 27 April 1994 until it was superseded by the final constitution on 4 February 1997. As a transitional constitution it required the newly elected Parliament to also serve as a constituent assembly to adopt a final constitution. It made provision for a major restructuring of government as a consequence of the abolition of apartheid. It also introduced an entrenched bill of rights against which legislation and government action could be tested, and created the Constitutional Court with broad powers of judicial review.
John D. Groendyke
John D. Groendyke is an American trucking executive. He is the Chief Executive Officer of Groendyke Transport, the 5th largest (2015) bulk tank truck company serving the US and Canada, headquartered in Enid, Oklahoma.

Groendyke Transport
Groendyke Transport is a tank truck carrier in the United States with headquarters in Enid, Oklahoma. The company was founded on July 12, 1932, by H.C. Groendyke as the sole proprietor and incorporated in 1949.

The company currently has 40 terminals in 15 states hauling more than 400,000 loads annually of chemicals, acids, fuels, lubricants, flour, and vegetable oils throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico, as an ISO 9001 registered carrier.
Festival de Baía das Gatas
The Festival de Baía das Gatas or the Baía das Gatas Festival and the Baía das Gatas Music Festival takes place on a full moon weekend in August in Baía das Gatas, a village and a bay in the northeastern part of the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde.  It is the most popular music festival in Cape Verde and are likely being the first, in its early years, it was the only music festival in the country until the Festival de Gamboa which was established in 1992 in Praia in the island of Santiago.  It is nicknamed the Woodstock of Africa.

São Vicente, Cape Verde
São Vicente (Portuguese for "Saint Vincent") is one of the Barlavento Islands, the northern group within the Cape Verde archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, off the West African coast. It is located between the islands of Santo Antão and Santa Luzia, with the Canal de São Vicente separating it from Santo Antão.
Bǽh-oe-tu
Bǽh-oe-tu (abbr. BOT; Chinese: 白話字) is an orthography used to write the Haikou dialect of the Hainanese language. It was invented by Carl C. Jeremiassen, a Danish pioneer missionary in Fucheng (present-day Haikou) in 1881.

Carl C. Jeremiassen
Carl C. Jeremiassen (Adopted Chinese name: 冶基善, 1847–1901) was a Danish sea captain. He is known today as the first Protestant missionary to Hainan island and the translator of portions of the Old and New Testament into the Hainanese language.
Golovkino
Golovkino (Russian: Головкино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Golovkino, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Golovkinsky Rural Okrug of Polessky District of Kaliningrad Oblast

Golovkino, Leningrad Oblast, a village in Nezhnovskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast

Golovkino, Oryol Oblast, a village in Gagarinsky Selsoviet of Korsakovsky District of Oryol Oblast

Golovkino, Pskov Oblast, a village in Dedovichsky District of Pskov Oblast

Golovkino, Smolensk Oblast, a village in Selenskoye Rural Settlement of Tyomkinsky District of Smolensk Oblast

Golovkino, Tambov Oblast, a village in Fedorovsky Selsoviet of Sosnovsky District of Tambov Oblast

Golovkino, Staritsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Novo-Yamskoye Rural Settlement of Staritsky District of Tver Oblast

Golovkino, Vyshnevolotsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Dyatlovskoye Rural Settlement of Vyshnevolotsky District of Tver Oblast

Sosnovsky District, Tambov Oblast
Sosnovsky District (Russian: Сосно́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tambov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The district borders with Morshansky District in the north, Pichayevsky District in the east, Tambovsky District in the south, and with Staroyuryevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,382 square kilometers (920 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Sosnovka. Population: 31,641 (2010 Census);  39,253 (2002 Census); 48,133 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sosnovka accounts for 29.0% of the district's total population.
4th federal electoral district of Chiapas
The 4th federal electoral district of Chiapas (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 04 de Chiapas) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 13 such districts in the state of Chiapas.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Joaquín Zebadúa Alva of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).

Solosuchiapa
Solosuchiapa is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas in southern Mexico.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 8,065, up from 7,784 as of 2005. It covers an area of 362.7 km2.

As of 2010, the town of Solosuchiapa had a population of 2,035. Other than the town of Solosuchiapa, the municipality had 67 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.
WFC Ludogorets Razgrad
Women Football Club Ludogorets Razgrad (Bulgarian: Женски Футболен Клуб Лудогорец Разград), or simple WFC Ludogorets (Bulgarian: ЖФК Лудогорец) is a Bulgarian women's football club from the city of Razgrad that competes in the Bulgarian Women's League, the top tier of Women's football in Bulgaria.

Football club (association football)
In association football, a football club (or association football club, alternatively soccer club) is a sports club that acts as an entity through which association football teams organise their sporting activities. The club can exist either as an independent unit or as part of a larger sports organization as a subsidiary of the parent club or organization.

The sport of association football allows teams that partake in some sort of club activity to participate in tournaments such as leagues and other competitions. Teams must register their players as well as staff and other personnel to be eligible to represent the club in any activity as it regards to association football competitions.
Brahmagupta's identity
In algebra, Brahmagupta's identity says that, for given , the product of two numbers of the form  is itself a number of that form. In other words, the set of such numbers is closed under multiplication. Specifically:

Both (1) and (2) can be verified by expanding each side of the equation.  Also, (2) can be obtained from (1), or (1) from (2), by changing b to −b.

This identity holds in both the ring of integers and the ring of rational numbers, and more generally in any commutative ring.

Also, it can be viewed as a special case of the following identity:

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Pharoideae
Pharoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae, containing the single tribe Phareae with the two genera Leptaspis and Pharus. Its members grow on the shaded floors of tropical to warm temperate forests.

This subfamily is one of the earliest-diverging grass lineages, older than the big BOP and PACMAD clades:

Pharus (plant)
Pharus, the stalkgrasses, is a genus of Neotropical plants  in the grass family.

As an early-diverging genus in its family, it is of interest for the study of the evolution of the grasses. Hence, the genome of P. latifolius has been sequenced.