hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Renault 12F
The Renault 12F is a family of liquid-cooled 22 L (1,300 cu in) 50 deg V12 aircraft engines that saw widespread use during World War I and the 1920s.

The 12F series was developed from Renault's 8G engines with the two series sharing the same cylinder bore and stoke. 12F series engines were built in Renault's factories in France, Russia and the United Kingdom.

Renault designated early engines in the series by their nominal output of 220 hp (160 kW). The engines were progressively improved with the introduction of aluminum pistons allowing for increased power and reduced weight. These progressive improvements eventually lead to the development of a 300 hp (220 kW) variant which was designated as the 12Fe by the Service Technique de l'Aéronautique (STAe) while being known, and marketed, as the 300 CV (cheval-vapeur) (French: "horsepower”) by Renault.

Stroke (engine)
In the context of an internal combustion engine, the term stroke has the following related meanings:

A phase of the engine's cycle (e.g. compression stroke, exhaust stroke), during which the piston travels from top to bottom or vice versa.

The type of power cycle used by a piston engine (e.g. two-stroke engine, four-stroke engine).

"Stroke length", the distance travelled by the piston during each cycle. The stroke length, along with bore diameter, determines the engine's displacement.
Battle of St. Quentin
There have been a number of battles known as the Battle of Saint Quentin, most of which were fought in the vicinity of Saint-Quentin, Aisne in Picardy, France.

Battle of St. Quentin (1557), Spanish victory over the French in the Habsburg-Valois Wars

Battle of St. Quentin (1871), during the Franco-Prussian War

Battle of St. Quentin (1914), also known as the Battle of Guise, between French and German forces

Battle of St. Quentin (1918), part of the German Spring Offensive Operation Michael

Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin, attack at Mont St. Quentin near Péronne by the Australian Corps in August 1918

Battle of St Quentin Canal, attack by the British Fourth Army on the Hindenburg Line in September 1918

Capture of Saint-Quentin, encirclement of Saint-Quentin by the French First Army in October 1918

Battle of St. Quentin (1557)
The Battle of Saint-Quentin of 1557 was a decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1551–1559 between the Kingdom of France and the Spanish Empire, at Saint-Quentin in Picardy. A Habsburg Spanish force under Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy defeated a French army under the command of Louis de Gonzague, and Anne de Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency.
Teleskop
Teleskop (Russian: Телескоп) was a Russian literary, philosophical and political magazine published in Moscow in 1831–1836 by Nikolai Nadezhdin, who was also its editor-in-chief. Originally a fortnightly publication, it became a weekly in 1834. Another Nadezhin's project, Molva (Молва, Rumour, 1831–1986), originally a 'news and fashion' magazine, in 1932 became a newspaper and literary supplement to Teleskop.

Among the authors whose works appeared in Teleskop regularly, were Mikhail Pogodin, Stepan Shevyryov, Alexander Pushkin, Fyodor Tyutchev, Alexander Polezhayev, Nikolai Stankevich and Alexey Koltsov. Vissarion Belinsky joined in 1833 to become a year later Nadezhdin's co-editor.

In 1836 the magazine published Pyotr Chaadaev's "Philosophical Letter" and was promptly closed, as was Molva.

Aleksey Koltsov
Aleksey Vasilievich Koltsov (Russian: Алексе́й Васи́льевич Кольцо́в; October 15, 1809 – October 29, 1842) was a Russian poet who has been called a Russian Burns. His poems, frequently placed in the mouth of women, stylize peasant-life songs and idealize agricultural labour. Koltsov earnestly collected Russian folklore which strongly influenced his poetry. He celebrated simple peasants, their work and their lives. Many of his poems were put to music by such composers as Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov.
Cosmocampus heraldi
Cosmocampus heraldi is a species of marine fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is known from only seven specimens, which were found at the Desventuradas and Juan Fernandez Islands in Chile. It inhabits rocky reefs and sandy areas at depths of 6–23 metres (20–75 ft), where it can grow to lengths of 7 centimetres (2.8 in). It is expected to feed on small crustaceans like other pipefish. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs until giving birth to live young.

Desventuradas Islands
The Desventuradas Islands (Spanish: Islas Desventuradas, IPA: [ˈislas ðesβentuˈɾaðas], "Unfortunate Islands" or Islas de los Desventurados, "Islands of the Unfortunate Ones") is a group of four small oceanic islands located 850 kilometres (530 mi) off the coast of Chile, northwest of Santiago in the Pacific Ocean. They are considered part of Insular Chile.

Due to their isolation and difficulty of access there are no civilian settlements on these islands, but a detachment of the Chilean Navy is stationed on Isla San Félix, which also hosts the 2,000-metre (6,600 ft) Isla San Felix Airport.
Ursula Katherine Duncan
Ursula Katherine Duncan (17 September 1910 – 27 January 1985) was a botanist with a special interest in mosses and lichens, and a lifelong love and knowledge of flowers. She was entirely self-educated in botany, and corresponded with numerous professional and amateur colleagues, who contributed to her scientific development. She published on bryology, lichenology and vascular plants. The University of Dundee awarded her an honorary doctorate in 1969 for her work as a plant taxonomist and soon after, she was chosen to receive the Linnaean Society's H. H. Bloomer Award for 1973. As well as pursuing her botanical interests, she took charge of the Duncan family's Scottish estate.

H. H. Bloomer Award
The H. H. Bloomer Award is an award of the Linnean Society, established in 1963 from a legacy by the amateur naturalist Harry Howard Bloomer, which is awarded to "an amateur naturalist who has made an important contribution to biological knowledge."
The recipients, alternatively a botanist and a zoologist, are presented with a silver medal and a donation from the Fund.
Robert E. Colville
Robert E. Colville (May 23, 1935 – September 11, 2018) was an American police officer, attorney, and judge from Pittsburgh. Over the course of his career, he served as Pittsburgh Police Chief, as the district attorney of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and finally, as a judge on the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas and the Pennsylvania Superior Court.

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Allegheny County (/ˌælɪˈɡeɪni/ AL-ig-AY-nee) is a county in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,250,578, making it the state's second-most populous county, after Philadelphia County. Its county seat and most populous city is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's second most populous city. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth, and is the center of the Pittsburgh media market.

Allegheny was the first county in Pennsylvania to be given a Native American name. It was named after the Lenape word for the Allegheny River. The meaning of "Allegheny" is uncertain. It is usually said to mean "fine river". Some historians state that the name may come from a Lenape account of an ancient mythical tribe called "Allegewi" who lived along the river before being taken over by the Lenape.
Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
Nautilus Deep Space Observatory (NDSO) (also known as Nautilus array, Nautilus mission, Nautilus program, Nautilus telescope array and Project Nautilus) is a proposed deep space fleet of space telescopes designed to search for biosignatures of life in the atmospheres of exoplanets.

Daniel Apai, lead astronomer of NDSO from the University of Arizona, and associated with the Steward Observatory and the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, commented "[With this new space telescope technology], we will be able to vastly increase the light-collecting power of telescopes, and among other science, study the atmospheres of 1,000 potentially Earth-like planets for signs of life."

Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
The Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) is a research center for planetary science located in Tucson, Arizona.  It is also a graduate school, constituting the Department of Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona.  LPL is one of the world's largest programs dedicated exclusively to planetary science in a university setting. The Lunar and Planetary Lab collection is held at the University of Arizona Special Collections Library.
MaritzCX
MaritzCX was an American customer experience and market research company providing real time consumer data analysis. MaritzCX provided platforms for strategy and design consulting, mystery shopping, data analysis models, comprehensive program management, and data collection and validation services. MaritzCX served the automotive, business-to-business (B2B), consumer technology, financial, government, retail, travel, and hospitality industries.

In February 2020, it was announced that MaritzCX would be acquired by InMoment, another Utah-based customer feedback management company.

MaritzCX was headquartered in Lehi, Utah, and was a subsidiary of the international sales and marketing services company, Maritz Holdings LLC. In addition to its main campus in Utah, the company had offices throughout the United States and Canada as well as the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia.

Business-to-business
Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB or B4B) refers to trade and commercial activity where a business sees other businesses as its customer base. This typically occurs when:

A business sources materials for its production process for output (e.g., a food manufacturer purchasing salt), i.e. providing raw material to the other company that will produce output.

A business needs the services of another for operational reasons (e.g., a food manufacturer employing an accountancy firm to audit their finances).

A business re-sells goods and services produced by others (e.g., a retailer buying the end product from the food manufacturer).

Business-to-business activity is thought to allow business segmentation.

B2B is often contrasted with business-to-consumer (B2C) trade, the latter of which typically sells directly to the general public and consumers, rather than other businesses and organisations.
The Last Mrs. Parrish
The Last Mrs. Parrish is an upcoming American crime thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis. It is based on the novel of the same name by Liv Constantine, the pen name of sisters Lynne and Valerie Constantine.

Pierson Fodé
Pierson Dane Fodé (born November 6, 1991) is an American actor, Internet personality, and model known for his roles as Brooks on Disney Channel's Jessie and Ely in the 2015 romantic comedy film Naomi and Ely's No Kiss List. Fodé has gone on to portray Thomas Forrester on the CBS drama series The Bold and the Beautiful, as well as make appearances in Tacoma FD, Dynasty, Animal Kingdom, and The Real Bros of Simi Valley.
Fengtai Softball Field
Fengtai Softball Field, or Fengtai Sports Center Softball Field (simplified Chinese: 丰台体育中心垒球场; traditional Chinese: 豐臺體育中心壘球場; pinyin: Fēngtái Tǐyù Zhōngxīn Lěiqiúchǎng), is a softball stadium located in Beijing, China. It hosted the softball competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

The complex consists of two competition grounds and one training ground. The stadium has a capacity of 13,000 and a floor space of 15,570 square metres. It also has a backup field with a capacity of 3,500 and two training fields.

It was also one of the venues of the 1990 Asian Games and the 1992 Women's Softball World Cup.

The stadium's renovation was completed on July 28, 2006, ready for the XI ISF Women's World Championship in late August. It was the first Olympic venue in Beijing to be completed and put to use.

Women's Softball World Cup
The Women's Softball World Cup is a fastpitch softball tournament for women's national teams held historically every four years, now every two years, by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). The tournament, originally known as the ISF Women's World Championship, was sanctioned by the International Softball Federation (ISF) until that body's 2013 merger with the International Baseball Federation to create the WBSC. The number of teams in the tournament began at five in its inaugural event in 1965, went to a high of 28 for the 1994 edition, and now the WBSC Code legislates that the maximum number of teams that may participate is 16. There are qualifying tournaments that determine which countries will play at the World Cup.
John Salerne (died 1415)
Do not confuse with John Salerne (died 1410)

John Salerne (died 1415) of Rye and Leigh in Iden, Sussex, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Rye in 1372, 1373 and 1391, and for Hastings in 1378, May 1382, February 1383 and October 1383.

Rye (UK Parliament constituency)
Rye was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Rye in East Sussex. It returned two Members of Parliament to the Parliament of England before 1707, Parliament of Great Britain until 1801 and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its representation was halved under the Reform Act 1832.

From the 1832 general election, Rye returned one Member of Parliament until its abolition for the 1950 general election, when the town of Rye itself was transferred to the redrawn Hastings constituency.

The constituency was re-created for the 1955 general election, and abolished again for the 1983 general election when it was largely replaced by the Bexhill and Battle parliamentary constituency.
Summer 2007
Summer 2007 is a 2008 Indian drama film directed by the debutant Suhail Tatari. The film deals with five medical students who undergo a rude awakening of sorts after visiting a Maharashtrian village and witnessing the misfortune of villagers. The film stars Sikandar Kher, Gul Panag, Yuvika Chaudhary, Arjan Bajwa and Alekh Sangal.

Vikram Gokhale
Vikram Gokhale (14 November 1945 – 26 November 2022) was an Indian film, television and stage actor, noted for his roles in Marathi theatre, Hindi films and television. He was the son of the Veteran Marathi theatre and film actor, Chandrakant Gokhale.

Gokhale made his directorial debut in 2010, with the Marathi film Aaghaat. Produced by Sprint Arts Creation in 2013, he won the National Film Award for Best Actor category for his Marathi film Anumati. He also received Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi for his film Bhingri.
St Ann's Hospital
St Ann's Hospital is a mixed healthcare campus in South Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey, England, and is the headquarters for Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust. It also formerly housed the Haringey NHS primary care trust.

NHS primary care trust
Primary care trusts (PCTs) were part of the National Health Service in England from 2001 to 2013. PCTs were largely administrative bodies, responsible for commissioning primary, community and secondary health services from providers. Until 31 May 2011, they also provided community health services directly. Collectively PCTs were responsible for spending around 80 per cent of the total NHS budget. Primary care trusts were abolished on 31 March 2013 as part of the Health and Social Care Act 2012, with their work taken over by clinical commissioning groups.
Arthur Kreindler
Arthur Kreindler (15 May 1900 – 28 May 1988) was a Romanian neurologist of Jewish origin, academic, professor of neurology at the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, and director of the Institute of Neurology Research of the Romanian Academy.

Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Romanian: Academia Română [akadeˈmi.a roˈmɨnə]) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life.

According to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary (Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people.
Invariants of tensors
In mathematics, in the fields of multilinear algebra and representation theory, the principal invariants of the second rank tensor  are the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial

,

where  is the identity operator and  are the roots of the polynomial  and the eigenvalues of .

More broadly, any scalar-valued function  is an invariant of  if and only if  for all orthogonal . This means that a formula expressing an invariant in terms of components, , will give the same result for all Cartesian bases. For example, even though individual diagonal components of  will change with a change in basis, the sum of diagonal components will not change.

The principal invariants do not change with rotations of the coordinate system (they are objective, or in more modern terminology, satisfy the principle of material frame-indifference) and any function of the principal invariants is also objective.

Multilinear algebra
Multilinear algebra is the study of functions with multiple vector-valued arguments, with the functions being linear maps with respect to each argument. It involves concepts such as matrices, tensors, multivectors, systems of linear equations, higher-dimensional spaces, determinants, inner and outer products, and dual spaces. It is a mathematical tool used in engineering, machine learning, physics, and mathematics.
Cora strigosa
Cora strigosa is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Peru, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Robert Lücking, Elias Paz, and Luis Salcedo. The type specimen was collected in Piscacucho at an altitude of about 2,700 m (8,900 ft). Here, in montane rainforest and pasture near Machu Picchu, the lichen grows on rocks together with other lichens, such as Hypotrachyna and Rimelia. Cora strigosa is only known to occur at the type locality.  The specific epithet strigosa refers to the strigose (i.e., with dense, short, hair-like projections) upper surface of the thallus, especially prominent where they project radially at the margins. This lichen resembles Cora hirsuta, but it is not closely related.

Hypotrachyna
Hypotrachyna is a genus of lichenized fungi within the family Parmeliaceae. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains about 198 species. Hypotrachyna was circumscribed by American lichenologist Mason Ellsworth Hale Jr in 1974.
2019 Advantage Cars Prague Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles of the 2019 Advantage Cars Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.

Sander Gillé and Joran Vliegen were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Ariel Behar and Gonzalo Escobar won the title after defeating Andrey Golubev and Aleksandr Nedovyesov 6–7(4–7), 7–5, [10–8] in the final.

Gonzalo Escobar
Gonzalo Escobar (Latin American Spanish: [ɡonˈsalo eskoˈβaɾ]; born 20 January 1989, in Manta) is an Ecuadorian tennis player. His career-high doubles ranking is World No. 38, achieved on 15 November 2021. He has won three ATP doubles titles with Uruguayan Ariel Behar and three with Kazakhstani Aleksandr Nedovyesov. Escobar also has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 281 achieved on 15 June 2015.

Playing for Ecuador in Davis Cup, Escobar has a W/L record of 8–9.
Raúl Villar
Raúl Villar Cornago (born 13 October 2007), is a Spanish college basketball player for Charlotte 49ers of the American Athletic Conference (AAC). He has also played in the Spanish national team's youth ranks. Standing at 6 ft 3 in (1.90 m), Villar plays in the point guard position.

His older brother Rafa Villar is a professional basketball player for Baskonia.

FC Barcelona Bàsquet B
FC Barcelona Bàsquet B (English: FC Barcelona Basketball B), commonly referred to as FC Barcelona B (Catalan pronunciation: [fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə] ⓘ) and colloquially known as Barça B ([ˈbaɾsə]) or Barça Atlètic, is the reserve team of the FC Barcelona. The team currently plays in the Liga U, a Spanish youth basketball competition.
Makri Yalo Airbase
The Makri Yalo airbase was a Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) facility on the island of Scarpanto, in the Dodecanese.

During World War II, the airbase was a major part of Italian military operations in the Mediterranean, by supporting air operations to Crete, the Greek mainland, and the ocean approaches to Egypt.

In September 1940, the base was shelled by the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney and the British destroyer HMS Ilex.

Dodecanese
The Dodecanese (UK: /ˌdoʊdɪkəˈniːz/, US: /doʊˌdɛkəˈniːz/; Greek: Δωδεκάνησα, Dodekánisa [ðoðeˈkanisa], lit. 'twelve islands') are a group of 15 larger and 150 smaller Greek islands in the southeastern Aegean Sea and Eastern Mediterranean, off the coast of Anatolia, of which 26 are inhabited. This island group generally defines the eastern limit of the Sea of Crete. They belong to the wider Southern Sporades island group.

Rhodes has been the area's dominant island since antiquity. Of the others, Kos and Patmos are historically the most important; the remaining 12 are Agathonisi, Astypalaia, Halki, Kalymnos, Karpathos, Kasos, Leipsoi, Leros, Nisyros, Symi, Tilos, and Megisti. Other islands in the chain include Alimia, Arkoi, Farmakonisi, Gyali, Kinaros, Levitha, Marathos, Nimos, Pserimos, Saria, Strongyli and Syrna.
Willard Griffin House and Carriage House
The Willard Griffin House and Carriage House is a historic mansion and carriage house located in Los Altos, California. The estate, constructed in 1901, features a three-story main house designed in the American Craftsman style. The Willard Griffin House and Carriage House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1977. Today, the house and carriage house are located at the lower section of the Foothill College campus.

Foothill College
Foothill College is a public community college in Los Altos Hills, California.  It is part of the Foothill–De Anza Community College District. It was founded on January 15, 1957, and offers 84 associate degree programs, two bachelor's degree programs, and 124 certificate programs.
Synemon heliopis
Synemon heliopis is a moth in the Castniidae family. It is found in Australia, including Western Australia.

The larvae probably feed on the roots of Ecdeiocolea monostachya and Spartochloa scirpoidea.

Ecdeiocolea monostachya
Ecdeiocolea monostachya is a species of grass-like plant in the family Ecdeiocoleaceae native to Western Australia. It was first described by Mueller in 1874. It is a perennial herb which grows in tufts 0.4 to 1 m (1.3 to 3.3 ft) high and 1 m (3.3 ft) wide. It is found in yellow sands over laterite in Western Australia.