hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taubenklippe
The Taubenklippe is a rock formation in the Harz mountains in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It lies about halfway between Bad Harzburg and Ilsenburg at a height of 572 m above NN on the eastern slopes of the Ecker valley. From the crag there is a good view over Harz Foreland, the heights near Bad Harzburg and the highest mountain in the Har, the Brocken. The Taubenklippe may be reached from the Ecker valley on a footpath, some 6 km long, that starts in Ilsenburg.

The Taubenklippe is checkpoint number 4 in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking trail network.

See also: List of rock formations in the Harz

51°51′44″N 10°37′06″E﻿ / ﻿51.86222°N 10.61833°E﻿ / 51.86222; 10.61833

Bad Harzburg
Bad Harzburg (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhaʁtsˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Bad Harzborch) is a spa town in central Germany, in the Goslar district of Lower Saxony. It lies on the northern edge of the Harz mountains and is a recognised saltwater spa and climatic health resort.
John Charles Cutler
John Charles Cutler (June 29, 1915 – February 8, 2003) was an American surgeon. He was the acting chief of the venereal disease program in the United States Public Health Service. He is known for leading several controversial and unethical human experiments of syphilis, done under the auspices of the Public Health Service. He willfully spread syphilis and gonorrhea to unwitting patients including (but not limited to) soldiers, prisoners, adults with leprosy, mental patients and orphan children as young as nine in the Guatemala syphilis experiments. He also conducted the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, in which African American men, not informed of the nature of the experiment, were deliberately denied treatment for syphilis.

Unethical human experimentation
Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics. Such practices have included denying patients the right to informed consent, using pseudoscientific frameworks such as race science, and torturing people under the guise of research. Around World War II, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany carried out brutal experiments on prisoners and civilians through groups like Unit 731 or individuals like Josef Mengele; the Nuremberg Code was developed after the war in response to the Nazi experiments. Countries have carried out brutal experiments on marginalized populations. Examples include American abuses during Project MKUltra and the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, and the mistreatment of indigenous populations in Canada and Australia. The Declaration of Helsinki, developed by the World Medical Association, is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics.
Yurii Khmelnytsky
Yurii Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian: Юрый Хмелницкій / Юрий Хмелницкий / Юрій Хмелницкій; Ukrainian: Юрій Хмельницький, Polish: Jerzy Chmielnicki, Russian: Юрий Хмельницкий), monastic name Hedeon (1641 – 1685(?)), younger son of the famous Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and brother of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, was a Zaporozhian Cossack political and military leader. Although he spent half of his adult life as a monk and archimandrite, he also was Hetman of Ukraine on several occasions — in 1659-1660 and 1678–1681 and starost of Hadiach, becoming one of the most well-known Ukrainian politicians of the "Ruin" period for the Cossack Hetmanate.

Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.
Tony Sergeant
Tony Sergeant (born 6 June 1977) is a retired football midfielder who last played for Cercle Brugge in the Belgian Pro League.

Sergeant started his career at Antwerp, before moving to Zulte-Waregem in the summer of 2004. During the 2005-06 season, he scored 10 goals, before moving to Italian Serie B team AS Bari in 2007. This move was not a big success, and as a result, Sergeant went back to his home country only six months later. Cercle Brugge made a loan deal with Bari and thereafter completed a full transfer before Sergeant retired in 2012.

SSC Bari
Società Sportiva Calcio Bari, commonly referred to as SSC Bari and simply Bari, is an Italian football club based in Bari, Apulia. Bari currently plays in the Serie B. The team finished the 2021–22 season in first place in Serie C and earned promotion to Serie B for the 2022–23 season.

Bari was originally founded in 1908 and reestablished several times, most recently in 2018. The club spent many seasons bouncing between the top two divisions in Italian football, Serie A and Serie B. The club was formerly known as AS Bari or FC Bari 1908 as well as other names, due to re-establishing. Bari usually plays in all-white with red detailing.

Statistically, Bari is the most successful club from the Apulia region in terms of all-time Serie A records. The club is among the elite in Southern Italian football and is ranked 17th in the all-time Serie A records. The club won the Mitropa Cup in 1990.
Sineb El Masrar
Sineb El Masrar (Arabic: سينب المسرار; born 1981) is a Moroccan-German author, journalist, and Islamic feminist.

She is the founder of the intercultural women's magazine Gazelle and has published several works dealing with the issue of feminism in Islam.

Islamic feminism
Islamic feminism is a form of feminism concerned with the role of women in Islam. It aims for the full equality of all Muslims, regardless of gender, in public and private life. Islamic feminists advocate for women's rights, gender equality, and social justice grounded in an Islamic framework. Although rooted in Islam, the movement's pioneers have also utilized secular, Western, or otherwise non-Muslim feminist discourses, and have recognized the role of Islamic feminism as part of an integrated global feminist movement.

Advocates of the movement seek to highlight the teachings of equality in the religion, and encourage a questioning of patriarchal interpretations of Islam by reinterpreting the Quran and Hadith.

Prominent thinkers include Begum Rokeya, Amina Wadud, Leila Ahmed, Fatema Mernissi, Azizah al-Hibri, Riffat Hassan, Asma Lamrabet, and Asma Barlas.
Scleromystax
Scleromystax is a genus of fish in the family Callichthyidae endemic to small tributaries from several coastal river basins draining the southern and southeastern regions in Brazil. Most of the species of Scleromystax are highly sexually dimorphic; males have developed odontodes inserted in fleshy papillae on the preopercular-opercular region and the dorsal and pectoral fins are 2–3 times as long as those of females. S. salmacis is an exception, as its sexually dimorphic features are subtle and non-remarkable.

Odontode
Odontodes, or dermal teeth, are hard structures found on the external surfaces of animals or near internal openings. They consist of a soft pulp cavity surrounded by dentine and covered by a mineralised substance such as enamel, a structure similar to that of teeth. They generally do not have the same function as teeth, and are not replaced the same way teeth are in most fish. In some animals (notably catfish), the presence or size of odontodes can be used in determining the sex.

Odontodes typically cover the body of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes), while mineralized dermal scales are characteristic of bony fishes. During the evolution to bony fishes, ancestral odontodes have been modified to become dermal scales, including elasmoid scales in teleosteans.
John Ivlow
John Ivlow (born January 26, 1970, in Joliet, Illinois) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Northwestern Wildcats and Colorado State Rams, and played in NFL two games for the Chicago Bears in 1993. Ivlow had also played with the Denver Broncos and San Francisco 49ers. Ivlow went on to win the Super Bowl with the 49ers. Ivlow was the head football coach of the Bolingbrook High School Raiders compiling a 159-64 Record (.713%) in 21 seasons. Ivlow and the Raiders went on to win the class 8A state championship in 2011. Ivlow was inducted into the Illinois HS football Coaches Association hall of fame in 2023. Ivlow is currently retired from coaching and a retired local law enforcement agent (Bolingbrook).

Joliet, Illinois
Joliet (/ˈdʒoʊliɛt, ˌdʒoʊliˈɛt/ JOH-lee-et, -⁠ET) is a city in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Chicago, it is the county seat of Will County. The population was 150,362 at the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in Illinois.
Hidayatul Quran
Hidāyat al-Qurān (Urdu: ہدایت القرآن, lit. 'The guidance of the Qur'an') is a classical Sunni tafsir, begun by Muhammad Usman Kashif Hashmi who completed the Tafsir of Juz' 1–9, and completed after his death by Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri in 2016. It was published in 8 volumes by Maktabatul Hijaz. Some of Palanpuri's students made a translation into Bengali which was published in 2021 by Maktabatul Medina.

Juz'
A juzʼ (Arabic: جُزْءْ; pl.: أَجْزَاءْ, ajzāʼ; lit. 'part') is one of thirty parts of varying lengths into which the Quran is divided. It is also known as parah (Persian: پَارَه) in Iran and subsequently the Indian subcontinent. There are 30 ajzāʼ in the Quran, also known as سِپَارَہ – sipārah ("thirty parts"; in Persian si means 30).

During medieval times, when it was too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Qurʼān were kept in mosques and made accessible to people; these copies frequently took the form of a series of thirty parts (juzʼ). Some use these divisions to facilitate recitation of the Qurʼān in a month—such as during the Islamic month of Ramadan, when the entire Qurʼān is recited in the Tarawih prayers, typically at the rate of one juzʼ a night.
1964 Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1964 Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship was the inaugural staging of the Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Munster Council. The championship, which was open to the champion clubs of 1964, began on 7 March 1965 and ended on 10 April 1966.

On 10 April 1966, Glen Rovers won the championship after a 3-07 to 1-07 defeat of Mount Sion in the final at the Gaelic Grounds. It was their first ever championship title.

Jimmy Doyle from the Thurles Sarsfields club was the championship's top scorer with 5-08.

Thurles Sarsfields GAA
Thurles Sarsfields is a Tipperary GAA club which is located in County Tipperary, Ireland. Both hurling and Gaelic football are played in the "Mid-Tipperary" divisional competitions. The club is centred in the town of Thurles at Semple Stadium. The club was founded in 1881 and is the most honoured club in the county, with 36 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship titles. Thurles Sarsfields are affiliated with the town's juvenile club Dúrlas Óg.
PRISA
Promotora de Informaciones, S.A. (PRISA) is a Spanish media conglomerate headquartered in Madrid, Spain. It is one of the largest media companies in Spain and in Latin America, producing a wide variety of educational, cultural and informative content. PRISA owns a portfolio of newspapers, magazines, radio stations, and television networks. The majority subsidiaries and brands of the company are El País, Los 40, and Santillana.

Media conglomerate
A media conglomerate, media company, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as music, television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, video games, amusement parks, or the Internet. Despite ownership over several companies and diverse mediums, by definition, media conglomerates only maintain holdings over media and not other enterprises.

Some media conglomerates use their access in multiple areas to share various kinds of content such as: news, video and music, between users. The media sector's tendency to consolidate has caused formerly diversified companies to appear less diverse to prospective investors in comparison with similar companies that are traded publicly and privately. Therefore, the term media group may also be applied, however, it has not yet replaced the more traditional term.
Janet Jansson
Janet Knutson Jansson is an American biological scientist who is the Chief Scientist at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. She investigates complex microbial communities, including those found in soil and the human gut. Jansson is part of the Phenotypic Response of the Soil Microbiome to Environmental Perturbations Science Focus Area, and is a Fellow of the American Society for Microbiology.

American Society for Microbiology
The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), originally the Society of American Bacteriologists, is a professional organization for scientists who study viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as well as other aspects of microbiology. It was founded in 1899. The Society publishes a variety of scientific journals, textbooks, and other educational materials related to microbiology and infectious diseases. ASM organizes annual meetings, as well as workshops and professional development opportunities for its members.
Amanita sinicoflava
Amanita sinicoflava, the mandarin yellow ringless amanita, is an edible species of fungus in the large genus Amanita.

Fruitbodies have yellow-olivaceous or olive-tan caps that measure 2.5–7 centimetres (1–3 inches) in diameter. There are grooves on the cap margin that extend about 40% of the distance from the margin to the apex. The spores are spherical or nearly so, typically measuring 9.1 to 12.2 micrometres (0.36 to 0.48 mils) by 8.4 to 11.5 μm (0.33 to 0.45 mils). The white stipe is ornamented with slightly darker fibrils, and there are sac-like remnants of the volva at the stipe base. The specific epithet sinicoflava means "Chinese-yellow", referring to the cap color.

Found in North America, the fungus was described as new to science in 1998 by mycologist Rodham Tulloss. The type collections were made in Sussex County, New Jersey. The mushroom grows in  sandy soil under Quercus, Pinus rigida, Acer rubrum, Quercus alba, and Quercus velutina.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Munster Blackwater
The Blackwater or Munster Blackwater (Irish: An Abhainn Mhór, The Great River) is a river which flows through counties Kerry, Cork and Waterford in Ireland. It rises in the Mullaghareirk Mountains in County Kerry and then flows in an easterly direction across County Cork through the towns of Mallow and Fermoy. It then enters County Waterford where it flows through Lismore, before abruptly turning south at Cappoquin and finally draining into the Celtic Sea at Youghal Harbour in Cork. In total, the Blackwater is 169 km (105 mi) long.

The total catchment area of the River Blackwater is 3,324 km2. Its long-term average flow rate of is 89.1 cubic metres per second (m3/s) The Blackwater is notable for being one of the best salmon fishing rivers in the country. Like many Irish rivers, salmon stocks declined in recent years, but the Irish government banned commercial netting of salmon off the coast of Ireland in November 2006.

Celtic Sea
The Celtic Sea is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of Ireland bounded to the north by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, parts of Devon and Brittany. The continental shelf, which drops away sharply, delimits the southern and western boundaries. The Iroise Sea off Brittany is entirely included within it. The Isles of Scilly are an archipelago of small islands in the sea.
2025 Challenger de Buenos Aires – Doubles
Murkel Dellien and Facundo Mena were the defending champions but only Dellien chose to defend his title, partnering Boris Arias. They lost in the first round to Guillermo Durán and Mariano Kestelboim.

Durán and Kestelboim won the title after defeating Pedro Boscardin Dias and João Lucas Reis da Silva 7–6(7–3), 6–1 in the final.

Boris Arias
Boris Arias (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈboɾis ˈaɾjas]; born 9 November 1993) is a Bolivian tennis player.

Arias has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 80 achieved on 18 March 2024 and a career high singles ranking of No. 1,065 achieved on 16 July 2012. Arias has won six ITF Futures doubles titles.

Arias has represented Bolivia at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 4–1.
David Moessner
David P. Moessner is an American biblical theologian, academic, and author. He is the A. A. Bradford Chair as well as a Professor of Religion at Texas Christian University.

Moessner is most known for his research on Jewish Christianity, exploring the use of scripture in early Judaism and the New Testament, Hellenistic influences, and contemporary biblical theology. His authored works encompass publications in academic journals, including Journal of Biblical Literature as well as books such as Lord of the Banquet: The Literary and Theological Significance of the Lukan Travel Narrative and Luke the Historian of Israel's Legacy, Theologian of Israel's 'Christ': A New Reading of the 'Gospel Acts' of Luke. He is a longtime co-editor of the Supplements to Novum Testamentum.

Biblical theology
Because scholars have tended to use the term in different ways, biblical theology has been notoriously difficult to define. The academic field of biblical theology is sub-divided into Old Testament theology and New Testament theology.
Blenheim Park
Blenheim Park is a 224.3-hectare (554-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in the civil parish of Blenheim, in the West Oxfordshire district, in Oxfordshire, England, on the outskirts of Woodstock. It occupies most of the grounds of Blenheim Palace.

The park was once an Anglo-Saxon chase and then a twelfth-century deer park. It now has some of the best areas of pasture and oak woodland in the country. The large lakes were created in the eighteenth century, and they are regionally important for breeding and wintering birds. Invertebrates include three rare beetles which are included in the British Red Data Book of Invertebrates, Rhizophagus oblongicollis, Plectophloeus nitidus and Aeletesatomarius.

Regional Red List
A Regional Red List is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region.  It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species — an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale.  Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning.  This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments, universities and organizations throughout the world.

Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in:

Determining the conservation status and trends of species

Identifying species or ecosystems under greatest threat

Informing conservation planning and priority setting

Raising awareness of threatened species
Colorado's 16th Senate district
Colorado's 16th Senate district is one of 35 districts in the Colorado Senate. It has been represented by Democrat Chris Kolker since 2023. Prior to redistricting the district was represented by Democrat Tammy Story and Republican Tim Neville.

Colorado Senate
The Colorado State Senate is the upper house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Colorado. It is composed of 35 members elected from single-member districts, with each district having a population of about 123,000 as of the 2000 census. Senators are elected to four-year terms, and are limited to two consecutive terms in office. Senators who are term-limited become eligible to run again after a one-term (four year) respite.

The Colorado Senate convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
NGC 345
NGC 345 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on September 27, 1864 by Albert Marth. It was described by Dreyer as "very faint, very small, gradually brighter middle."

John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (13 February 1852 – 14 September 1926), also Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland.  He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.
Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Ayyaf Al Muqrin
Prince Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Ayyaf Al Muqrin or Al-Migrin (Arabic: عبد العزيز بن محمد بن عياف آل مقرن; born 1958) is a Saudi Arabian architect, philanthropist, politician and a member of the Muqrin clan, from which the ruling family is branched who was the fifth mayor of Riyadh from 1997 till 24 June 2012. He currently serves as the chairman of the board of trustees at Prince Sultan University and King Salman Center for Local Governance and as the vice chairman of the board of directors of the Riyadh Science Foundation. In June 2023, he has been appointed as Deputy Defence Minister of Saudi Arabia.

Prince Sultan University
Prince Sultan University (PSU) (Arabic: جامعة الأمير سلطان), formerly Prince Sultan College, is a private university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in the King Salman Neighborhood. Established in 1998, it is the first private institute of Saudi Arabia and was named after the country's then-defense minister Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz, who later served as the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 2005 until his death in 2011.

Initially, it was founded as Prince Sultan Private College in 1998 by the Riyadh Philanthropic Society for Sciences and received university status in 2003. The university offers a number of bachelor's and master's degrees in various business, technical, and humanities fields.

In 2022, the president of PSU instructed faculty to cite publications by other PSU faculty in their own publications and paid faculty extra for doing so as part of an effort to inflate the standing of the university. The Committee on Publication Ethics considers this practice unethical.