hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doctor of Laws
A Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) is a doctoral degree in legal studies. The abbreviation LL.D. stands for Legum Doctor, with the double "L" in the abbreviation referring to the early practice in the University of Cambridge to teach both canon law and civil law (doctor of both laws). In some jurisdictions such as the United States, it is an honorary degree.

Other doctorates in law include Doctor of Juridical Science, Juris Doctor, and Doctor of Philosophy.

Doctors' Commons
Doctors' Commons, also called the College of Civilians, was a society of lawyers practising civil (as opposed to common) law in London, namely ecclesiastical and admiralty law. Like the Inns of Court of the common lawyers, the society had buildings with rooms where its members lived and worked, and a large library.

It was also a lower venue for determinations and hearings, short of the society's convening in the Court of the Arches or Admiralty Court, which frequently consisted of judges with other responsibilities and from which further appeal lay. The society used St Benet's, Paul's Wharf as its church.
Richard Yeo
Richard Yeo RA (ca 1720–1779) was a British medalist and Chief Engraver at the Royal Mint, in which capacity he supplied patterns for the guinea and five guinea coins of George III. He was a founding member of the Royal Academy of Art, and appears in the group portrait by John Zoffany.

Medalist
A medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, metal medallions, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. Historically, medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually either sculptors or goldsmiths by background. In modern times, medalists are mostly primarily sculptors of larger works, but in the past the number of medals and coins produced were sufficient to support specialists who spent most of their career producing them. From the 19th century, the education of a medalist often began with time as an engraver, or a formal education in an academy, particularly modeling and portraiture. On coins, a mark or symbol signifying the medalist as the original designer was often included in a hidden location and is not to be mistaken for the symbol of the mint master. Artistic medals and plaquettes are often signed prominently by the artist.
On Secret Service
On Secret Service is a 1933 British thriller film directed by Arthur B. Woods and starring Greta Nissen, Karl Ludwig Diehl, Don Alvarado, and Austin Trevor. It was produced by British International Pictures. It is based on the 1933 German film Spies at Work with Karl Ludwig Diehl repeating his role from that film. On Secret Service premiered in London on 15 December 1933 and was theatrically released on 21 May 1934. In the United States, the film was released on 9 February 1936 as Spy 77.

The film was shot at Elstree Studios with sets designed by the art director Duncan Sutherland.

Duncan Sutherland
Duncan Sutherland (1 August 1905 – 1967) was a Scottish-born art director, based in England where he designed the sets for over eighty films and television series between the early 1930s and mid-1960s. Sutherland spent much of the 1940s employed by Ealing Studios where he worked on films including It Always Rains on Sunday and The Loves of Joanna Godden.

In the 1950s he began working on television series such as The Scarlet Pimpernel and The Count of Monte Cristo.
Atanaska Angelova
Atanaska Stefanova Angelova-Dimitrova (Bulgarian: Атанаска Стефанова Ангелова; born 21 September 1972 in Rousse) is a retired female discus thrower from Bulgaria. She set her personal best (58.94 metres) in the women's discus throw event on 10 August 1995 at the World Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden, where she did not reach the final round. Angelova also competed for her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

1995 World Championships in Athletics
The 5th World Championships in Athletics (Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 1995), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg, Sweden on 5–13 August 1995.

This edition featured 1804 athletes from 191 nations.

This competition saw the women run the 5000 m event at the World Championships for the first time. The race replaced the 3000 m event which had been run at all previous World Championships.
Gus Williams (musician)
Kasper Gus Ntjalka Williams OAM (20 June 1937 – 13 September 2010), known as Gus Williams, was an Aboriginal Australian country music singer who lived in Central Australia. He was known not only for his work in Aboriginal country music, but also as a leader of his people. He created the first electric country band in the Northern Territory, the Warrabri Country Bluegrass Band.

Country rock
Country rock is a music genre that fuses rock and country. It was developed by rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records and country musicians who implemented rock flavor into country records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded records blending rock with country themes, vocal styles, and additional instrumentation, most characteristically pedal steel guitars. Country rock began in the late 60s with artists like the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, International Submarine Band, The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Byrds, Bob Dylan, Bob Seger and Poco, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Eagles, Grateful Dead, Gram Parsons and New Riders of the Purple Sage. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres, including The Band, the Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work, as well as playing a part in the development of Southern rock.
Derek May
Derek May (1932–1992) was a Canadian animation, dramatic and documentary film director who worked primarily for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). Originally a painter, his first film with the NFB was the 1966 experimental short, Angel. His documentary work often focused on the role of the artist in society. His other credits include collaborating the Donald Brittain on the narration for Helicopter Canada.

Helicopter Canada
Helicopter Canada (aka Hélicoptère Canada) is a 1966 Canadian documentary film  produced by the National Film Board of Canada and directed by Eugene Boyko. The film features aerial photography of all ten of Canada's provinces. Helicopter Canada, sponsored by the Canada's Centennial Commission, was produced for international distribution in both French and English language versions for Canada's 100th anniversary.
History of physics
Physics is a branch of science in which the primary objects of study are matter and energy. These topics were discussed across many cultures in ancient times by philosophers, but they had no means to distinguish causes of natural phenomena from superstitions.

The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, especially the discovery of the law of gravity, began a process of knowledge accumulation and specialization that gave rise to the field of physics.

Mathematical advances of the 18th century gave rise to classical mechanics, and the increased used of the experimental method led to new understanding of thermodynamics.

In the 19th century, the basic laws of electromagnetism and statistical mechanics were discovered.

At the beginning of the 20th century, physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory.

Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.

Henry Cavendish
Henry Cavendish (/ˈkævəndɪʃ/ KAV-ən-dish; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air". He described the density of inflammable air, which formed water on combustion, in a 1766 paper, On Factitious Airs. Antoine Lavoisier later reproduced Cavendish's experiment and gave the element its name.

A shy man, Cavendish was distinguished for great accuracy and precision in his researches into the composition of atmospheric air, the properties of different gases, the synthesis of water, the law governing electrical attraction and repulsion, a mechanical theory of heat, and calculations of the density (and hence the mass) of the Earth. His experiment to measure the density of the Earth (which, in turn, allows the gravitational constant to be calculated) has come to be known as the Cavendish experiment.
Parein
Parein (Burmese: ပရိန်မြို့, Burmese pronunciation: [pə.ɹèɪɰ̃ mjo̼]) is the former capital of the Parein Dynasty of Arakan from 1103/1106 to 1167 during the Le-Mro period. The site of the former capital is located a few miles southeast of Mrauk U and north of Launggyet within Mrauk-U Township.

Mrauk-U Township
Mrauk-U Township (Burmese: မြောက်ဦးမြို့နယ်) is a township of Mrauk-U District in the Rakhine State of Myanmar. The principal town is Mrauk-U, which contains the township's 7 urban wards. The township additionally is divided into 96 village tracts, grouping a total of 248 villages.
Kauder
Kauder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hugo Kauder (1888–1972), 20th-century Austrian composer

Jan Kauder (1931–1990), Polish footballer

Reinhold Kauder (born 1950), German slalom canoeist

Volker Kauder (born 1949), German lawyer and politician (CDU)

Volker Kauder
Volker Kauder (born 3 September 1949) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as parliamentary group leader of the ruling CDU/CSU faction in the German Bundestag from 2005 to 2018, during which he was frequently referred to as the "right hand" of  Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Archer Baldwin
Sir Archer Ernest Baldwin MC (30 December 1883 – 27 March 1966) was a farmer and British Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP).

Baldwin was born in a log cabin near Rugby, Tennessee, United States, to where his parents had emigrated. Upon their return to England, he was sent to Lucton School, Herefordshire, and then entered the family business as a cattle and sheep breeder, as well as becoming an auctioneer and land agent.

He married in 1911 and served in the Royal Horse Artillery in the First World War, being awarded the Military Cross for bravery during a 1918 attack on the Hindenburg Line.

Baldwin was active in the National Farmers Union and after being elected as a Conservative MP in 1945, he became a Conservative spokesman on Agriculture, and was knighted in 1958. Baldwin served as the Member of Parliament for Leominster from 1945-59. At one point, he was a Deputy Lieutenant of Herefordshire. He died at his home in Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, aged 82.

Lucton School
Lucton School, is a private, co-educational, day and boarding school in Lucton near Leominster, Herefordshire, England. It was founded in 1708 as a boys' school and began admitting girls in the 1970s.  It currently has c.350 pupils on roll, aged from six months to 18 years. The school operates as a registered charity and is a member of the Independent Schools Association, the Independent Association of Preparatory Schools, the Independent Schools Council Information Service and the Boarding Schools Association. Fees are currently £29,955 for full boarders, £24,750 for weekly boarders and £12,945 for day pupils.
Anda, Bohol
Anda, officially the Municipality of Anda (Cebuano: Munisipyo sa Anda; Tagalog: Bayan ng Anda),  is a  municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 17,835 people.

In 2006, the Anda red hermatite print petroglyphs of Bohol were included in the tentative list of the Philippines for UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name of Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines, which also includes the Singnapan charcoal-drawn petrographs of southern Palawan, Angono Petroglyphs of Rizal province, Alab petroglyphs of Mountain province, and charcoal-drawn Penablanca petrographs of Cagayan.

Anda is 98 kilometres (61 mi) from Tagbilaran.

Angono Petroglyphs
The Angono - Binangonan Petroglyphs are petroglyphs carved into a rock wall between the boundaries of Angono and Binangonan, Rizal, Philippines. It consists of 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rockwall probably carved during the Late Neolithic, or before 2000 BC. They are the oldest known work of art in the Philippines. These inscriptions clearly show stylized human figures, frogs and lizards, along with other designs that may have depicted other interesting figures but erosion may have caused it to become indistinguishable. The engravings are mostly symbolic representations and are associated with healing and sympathetic magic.

The site has been declared by the National Museum of the Philippines as a National Cultural Treasure in 1973. It is also included in the list of the World Inventory of Rock Art in 1985 and historic sites of the World Monuments Watch and World Monuments Funds and part of the Philippines' tentative list of the UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Anuanurunga
Anuanurunga is an atoll in French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, a subgroup of the Tuamotu group. Anuanurunga's nearest neighbor is Nukutepipi, which is located about 22 km (14 mi) to the ESE.

Anuanurunga is a very small atoll. It is ring-shaped, measuring approximately 3.3 km (2.1 mi)in diameter with a total area of 7 km2 (3 sq mi). Its reef is quite broad, enclosing completely the small lagoon. There are four relatively large islands on its reef, as well as a few small motu.

Anuanurunga Atoll is currently uninhabited.

Tuamotus
The Tuamotu Archipelago or the Tuamotu Islands (French: Îles Tuamotu, officially Archipel des Tuamotu) are a French Polynesian chain of just under 80 islands and atolls in the southern Pacific Ocean. They constitute the largest chain of atolls in the world, extending (from northwest to southeast) over an area roughly the size of Western Europe. Their combined land area is 850 square kilometres (328 square miles). This archipelago's major islands are Rangiroa, Anaa, Fakarava, Hao and Makemo.

The Tuamotus have approximately 16,000 inhabitants. The islands were initially settled by Polynesians, and modern Tuamotuans have inherited from them a shared culture and the Tuamotuan language.

The Tuamotus are a French overseas collectivity.

NOTE: The Marshall Islands, a group of tolls, encompassing 1.2 sq kilometers.
Rowing at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's lightweight single sculls
The men's lightweight single sculls competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha was held from 3 December to 7 December at the West Bay Lagoon.

Since Doha was scarce of water the distance had to be shortened from standard 2000 meters to 1000 meters.

West Bay Lagoon
West Bay Lagoon, also known as Leqtaifiya (Arabic: لقطيفية; also spelled as Legtaifiyah, Legtaifiya or Al Qutaifiya) is a district of Doha, the capital city of Qatar. Spanning from the Doha Corniche to West Bay Lagoon, the area has villas on one side, and low rises on the other. The district is well known for its luxurious waterfront villas, which are some of the most expensive in the country.
It is one of the few freehold areas in Doha where non-Qataris can purchase property.

Together with Onaiza and Al Qassar, it makes up Zone 66 which has a total population of 22,024.
Offa, Nigeria
Offa Listenⓘis a town in Kwara State of Nigeria, with a population of about 166,112 inhabitants. The town is noted for its weaving and dyeing trade, using vegetable dyes made from locally grown indigo and other plants. Offa is well known for the cultivation of sweet potatoes and maize which also formed part of the favourite staple foods for the indigenes in the town. Cattle, goats and sheep are also raised there. The main religions practiced in the town are Islam, Christianity and traditional religions.

The ancient tradition for which the town is known for is wrestling. Offatedo in Osun state, Iyana Offa in Oyo State, Offa in Côte d'Ivoire were established by the people of Offa.

Offa is centrally located. There is a big market in the town centre, known as "Owode market", which serves both the members of the community and its neighboring towns.

African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.
Wrocław–Szczecin railway
The Wrocław–Szczecin railway is 356-kilometer long, double tracked, electrified railway line in Poland, connecting Wrocław with Zielona Góra, Rzepin, Kostrzyn and Szczecin.

The line is designated by Polish national railway infrastructure manager PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe as rail line number 273 (Polish: linia kolejowa nr 273), and commonly referred to as the Odra River trunk line (magistrala nadodrzańska or nadodrzanka for short) as its course roughly follows the flow of the Odra river.

Since 1991 it is part of the European TEN-T route E 59 from Scandinavia to Vienna, Budapest and Prague.

Oder
The Oder (/ˈoʊ.dər/ OH-dər; Czech and Polish: Odra) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows 742 kilometres (461 mi) through western Poland, later forming 187 kilometres (116 mi) of the border between Poland and Germany as part of the Oder–Neisse line. The river ultimately flows into the Szczecin Lagoon north of Szczecin and then into three branches (the Dziwna, Świna and Peene) that empty into the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea.
Horus (wrestler)
Moisés Neftalí Vargas (born November 28, 1982, in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, better known under the ring name Horus, sometimes spelled Höruz. He has also performed under the name Rey Salomón, Jr. after his father who for a while wrestled as Rey Salomón. Vargas is a third-generation wrestler, grandson of José Ángel Vargas Sánchez, better known as lucha libre legend Ángel Blanco.

For years he worked for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) portraying a tecnico ("good guy") wrestling character, but left the promotion in 2013. Vargas originally worked under a mask, but was unmasked after losing a match in November 2013. He has also worked under the ring name Hijo de Faraón (Son of El Faraón) as well as a stint under the name El Hijo de Rey Misterio in Bolivia.

Torneo cibernetico
A torneo cibernetico is a multi-man professional wrestling elimination match that was created and primarily used in Mexican lucha libre professional wrestling promotions, especially in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). The match format sees two teams of varying sizes face off against each other. It uses standard lucha libre tag team rules with elimination occurring with a pinfall, submission, disqualification and count out and allows a wrestler to enter the match when their tag team partner exits the ring as well as when they tag out. A special 'batting' order system is sometimes used in which the wrestlers are given a specific order and may only tag in and out in this order. If two or more men from the same team remain, they must face each other to determine one individual winner.
Derwent Edge
Derwent Edge is a Millstone Grit escarpment that lies above the Upper Derwent Valley in the Peak District National Park in the English county of Derbyshire. An Ordnance Survey column marks the highest point of the Edge at Back Tor (538 metres, 1765 feet). North of Back Tor the edge extends into Howden Edge and enters the county of South Yorkshire.

Upper Derwent Valley
The Upper Derwent Valley is an area of the Peak District National Park in England. It largely lies in Derbyshire, but its north eastern area lies in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Its most significant features are the Derwent Dams, Ladybower, Derwent and Howden, which form Ladybower Reservoir, Derwent Reservoir and Howden Reservoir respectively.
Rufus Gray House
The Rufus Gray House is a historic house at the southeast corner of Austin and South Streets in Pangburn, Arkansas, USA. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a hip-roofed central section that extends to projecting gables to the front and side. The front to the left of the gable section is sheltered by a shed-roof porch supported by Doric columns. The house was built about 1912 and is one of the few surviving houses in the community from this period.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Shed roof
A shed roof, also known variously as a pent roof, lean-to roof, outshot, catslide, skillion roof (in Australia and New Zealand), and, rarely, a mono-pitched roof, is a single-pitched roof surface. This is in contrast to a dual- or multiple-pitched roof.
La Roche-sur-Foron station
La Roche-sur-Foron station (French: Gare de La Roche-sur-Foron) is a railway station in the commune of La Roche-sur-Foron, in the French department of Haute-Savoie. It is located at the junction of the standard gauge Aix-les-Bains–Annemasse and La Roche-sur-Foron–Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet lines of SNCF.

Haute-Savoie
Haute-Savoie (French pronunciation: [ot savwa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Savouè d'Amont; Italian: Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva; to the south and southeast are Mont Blanc and the Aravis mountain range.

It holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2019, it had a population of 826,094. Its subprefectures are Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix in 1924.
Alderbrook Winery
Alderbrook Winery was a winery in Healdsburg, California, United States. The winery was owned by the Terlato Wine Group and produced upwards of 30,000 cases a year. Their signature wines were Zinfandels using grapes from the Dry Creek Valley AVA.

Founded in 1982, Alderbrook originally focused on white wines. In 1992 the original partners sold the 63-acre ranch to G.W. Gillemont, from Schramsberg Vineyards. In 2001, Terlato Wine Group purchased the majority interest in Alderbrook. As of 2017, the winery was no longer operating.

Schramsberg Vineyards
Schramsberg Vineyards is a winery located in Calistoga, California in the Napa Valley region.  The vineyard, which was founded in 1862 by the German immigrant Jacob Schram, produces a series of sparkling wines using the same method as champagne.  Schramsberg is considered one of the premium brands in the production of sparkling wine in California and the first U.S. wine to "match the style and quality of the best French Champagnes".

After nearly 50 years of inactivity, Schramsberg was acquired by Jack and Jamie Davies in 1965 who began producing champagne method wine.  Today, Schramsberg is managed by Hugh Davies, the youngest son of Jack and Jamie Davies.