hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mount Sindoro
Mount Sindoro, Mount Sindara or Mount Sundoro is a semi-active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia. Parasitic craters and volcanic cones are found in the northwest-southern flanks; the largest is called Kembang. A small lava dome occupies the volcano's summit. Historical eruptions have been mostly mild to moderate.

The Sindoro mountain complex serves as the headwaters for the Progo river basin on the eastern slope and the Serayu river basin on the western slope. The boundary between the headwaters of these two river basins extends southeastward from the Sindoro mountain complex to the summit of Mount Sumbing. The headwaters of the Progo River basin on the eastern side flow through Temanggung Regency, while the headwaters of the Serayu River basin on the western side flow through Wonosobo Regency. Both of their mainstem ultimately discharge into the Indian Ocean, on the southern coast of Java, separated by a distance of approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi).

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
Scott Pelath
Scott Douglas Pelath (born July 9, 1970) was the Minority Leader of the Indiana House of Representatives. From 1998 to 2018 he represented Indiana's 9th District, which currently covers portions of LaPorte County and Porter County in Northwest Indiana.

Upon his retirement from the Indiana legislature, Pelath became Executive Director of the Kankakee River Basin and Yellow River Basin Development Commission.

Porter County, Indiana
Porter County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 173,215, making it the 10th most populous county in Indiana. The county seat is Valparaiso. The county is part of Northwest Indiana, as well as the Chicago metropolitan area. Porter County is the site of much of the Indiana Dunes, an area of ecological significance. The Hour Glass Museum in Ogden Dunes documents the region's ecological significance.
Leptogyra
Leptogyra is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Melanodrymiidae, belonging to the clade Neomphalina.

This genus was originally placed in Skeneidae, then in Skeneinae within Turbinidae.

Neomphaloidea
Neomphaloidea is a superfamily of deep-sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida.

The order Neomphalida has the largest in situ radiation in hydrothermal vent habitats. Neomphalida is a major taxonomic grouping of sea snails, vent-endemic marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage, going back to the Palaeozoic era.
Isothermal flow
Isothermal flow is a model of compressible fluid flow whereby the flow remains at the same temperature while flowing in a conduit. In the model, heat transferred through the walls of the conduit is offset by frictional heating back into the flow. Although the flow temperature remains constant, a change in stagnation temperature occurs because of a change in velocity. The interesting part of this flow is that the flow is choked at  and not at Mach number equal to one as in the case of many other model such as Fanno flow.  This fact applies to real gases as well as ideal gases.

For the important practical case of a gas flow through a long tube, the model has applicability in situations where distance is relatively long and heat transfer is relatively rapid so temperature can be treated, for engineering purposes, as a constant. This model also has applicability as upper boundary to Fanno flow.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
1904–05 Belfast Charity Cup
The 1904–05 Belfast Charity Cup was the 22nd edition of the Belfast Charity Cup, a cup competition in Irish football.

Linfield won the tournament for the 9th time, defeating Glentoran 2–0 in the final.

Belfast Charity Cup
The Belfast Charity Cup was a football competition which ran from 1883 to 1941, and was based on a similar tournament in Scotland, the Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup. The competition was open to senior sides from Belfast and invited intermediate teams.

The last tournament was played in 1940. The following year, instead of the tournament being played, the holders Belfast Celtic played a representative match against players with cross-channel experience. The representative team won 3-1.
Rosibel García
Rosibel García Mina (born 13 February 1981) is a Colombian track and field athlete who specialises in middle-distance running events. She has represented her country at the Summer Olympics and has also competed at the World Championships in Athletics.

She is the current Colombian record holder for the 800 metres and former 1500 metres record holder. The 800 m record was set at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, where she became the first Colombian woman ever to reach the semi-finals of the event. She was one of South America's foremost female middle-distance runners in the first decade of the 21st century, having been a three-time South American Champion in the 1500 m and a two-time champion over 800 m. In addition to the medals she has won at the Bolivarian Games and various Central American competitions, she won a silver and bronze medal at the 2007 Pan American Games.

Colombia at the Olympics
Colombia first formally participated at the Olympic Games in 1932, and has sent athletes to compete in all but one edition of the Summer Olympic Games since then, missing only the 1952 Games.  
Colombian athletes have won a total of 38 Olympic medals (five gold, sixteen silver and seventeen bronze) in eight different sports, with weightlifting and cycling as the most successful ones. Colombia is the third most successful South American country at the Olympic Games, after Brazil and Argentina respectively. The Colombian Olympic Committee was created in 1936 and recognised by the International Olympic Committee in 1948.

Shooter Helmut Bellingrodt won the country's first Olympic medal, a silver at the Munich 1972 Olympics. Weightlifter María Isabel Urrutia became the first Olympic champion representing the country at the Sydney Olympics in 2000. BMX rider Mariana Pajón is the most successful Colombian Olympian, with two golds and one silver.
2008 in Japanese music
The following is an overview of the year 2008 in Japanese music. It includes notable awards, lists of number-ones, yearly best-sellers, albums released, groups established and disestablished, deaths of notable Japanese music-related people as well as any other relevant Japanese music-related events. For overviews of the year in music from other countries, see 2008 in music.

B'z
B'z (Japanese: ビーズ, Hepburn: Bīzu) is a Japanese rock duo consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro "Tak" Matsumoto and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba, known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads. B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan by certifications, having released 50 consecutive No. 1 singles, 27 No. 1 albums, and 4 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts, and have sold more than 100 million records worldwide.

In 2003, HMV Japan ranked them at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts. In 2007, B'z became the first music act from Asia to have their handprints and signatures put up on Hollywood's RockWalk. In 2008, they were awarded a Guinness World Record for "Best-selling album act in Japan", which also notes them to be the best-selling act in Japan overall.
Guldberg
Guldberg is a Scandinavian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cathinka Guldberg (1840–1919), Norwegian nurse

Cato Maximilian Guldberg (1836–1902), Norwegian mathematician and chemist

Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg (1807–1881), Danish painter

Julius Høegh-Guldberg (1779–1861), Danish officer and politician

Christopher Julius Emil Høegh-Guldberg (1842–1907), Danish politician

Mogens Guldberg (born 1963), Danish middle-distance runner

Ove Guldberg (1918–2008), Danish politician

Ove Høegh-Guldberg (born Guldberg) (1731–1808), Danish statesman, historian and de facto Prime Minister of Denmark

Ove Hoegh-Guldberg (biologist) (born 1959), Danish-Australian biologist

Stig Guldberg (1916–1980), Danish founder of the Guldberg-Plan

Julius Høegh-Guldberg (politician)
Christopher Julius Emil Høegh-Guldberg (15 March 1842 – 6 December 1907) was a Danish politician and attorney general from Aarhus. He was the son of Julius Høegh-Guldberg and half-brother of Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg. Høegh-Guldberg served in numerous local organizations and pioneered work to organize farmers in Jutland. He served in the Danish Folketing for Højre from 1898 to 1901. He was made a Knight af Dannebrog in 1888 and was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog in 1897.
Bernard E. Wilmoth House
Bernard E. Wilmoth House is a historic home in Belington, Barbour County, West Virginia, United States. It was built in 1911–13, and is a 2+1⁄2-story Queen Anne-style house. It is built of speckled tan-colored bricks. It features a variety of window styles and a large verandah on one and one half sides of the house.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Barbour County, West Virginia
Barbour County is a county in north central West Virginia, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 15,465. The county seat is Philippi, which was chartered in 1844. Both county and city were named for Philip P. Barbour (1783–1841), a U.S. Congressman from Virginia and Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. The county was formed in 1843 when the region was still part of the state of Virginia. In 1871, a small part of Barbour County was transferred to Tucker County, West Virginia.

The Battle of Philippi, also known as the "Philippi Races", was fought in Barbour County on June 3, 1861. Although a minor action, it is generally considered the first land engagement of the American Civil War.

For 114 years (1909-2023), Barbour County was home to Alderson-Broaddus College (later Alderson Broaddus University), an American Baptist institution. Its four-year Physician Assistant (PA) baccalaureate program was the first such anywhere.
Earl Shannon
Earl F. Shannon (November 23, 1921 – July 8, 2002) was an American professional basketball player and college coach. He played for the Providence Steamrollers of the Basketball Association of America for three seasons, before being released by the team in 1949 and signing with the Boston Celtics. In three seasons as a player he averaged 8.6 points and 1.3 assists per game.

In one year as Bryant University's head coach (1963–64), the program's first-ever season, the Bulldogs went 12–11. In other coaching roles he served as the University of Rhode Island's freshman basketball coach and an assistant on Providence College's varsity men's basketball squad.

Shannon was also an agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Providence Steamrollers
The Providence Steamrollers were a Basketball Association of America team based in Providence, Rhode Island. As of 2025, the Steamrollers were the last professional sports franchise from one of the Big Four leagues to be based in Rhode Island.
Mothers Alone
Mothers Alone: Poverty and the Fatherless Family is a book by the British sociologist Dennis Marsden based on a study with the same name in 1955–1966. The aim of the study is to learn more about the lives of mothers living alone, whether they are unmarried, separated, divorced, or widowed.

The study was developed from the larger "Poverty in the UK" project by Peter Townsend and Mothers Alone was meant to analyse the problems that families experience due to low levels of income and the lack of fathers. Questions asked in the study include issues such as housing conditions, homelessness, diet and nutrition, family relations and the adequacy of assistance offered.

Most of the data has been digitalized and it can be obtained, together with additional study information, from the Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS) website.

Economic and Social Data Service
The Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS) is a national data archiving and dissemination service that was founded in January 2003. It is funded jointly by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and Jisc. In July 2012, the ESRC announced it will become a partner in the UK Data Service, to be established as of October 1st of 2012.
Handies Peak
Handies Peak is a high and prominent mountain summit of the San Juan Mountains range in the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 14,056-foot (4284.24 m) fourteener is located in the Bureau of Land Management Handies Peak Wilderness Study Area, 13.4 miles (21.5 km) southwest by west (bearing 232°) of the Town of Lake City in Hinsdale County, Colorado, United States.

Hinsdale County, Colorado
Hinsdale County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 788, making it the second least-populous county in Colorado. With a population density of only 0.71 inhabitants per square mile (0.27/km2), it is also the least-densely populated county in Colorado. The county seat and only incorporated municipality in the county is Lake City. The county is named for George A. Hinsdale, a prominent pioneer and former Lieut. Governor of Colorado Territory.
Celtic Park (Derry)
Celtic Park (Irish: Páirc na gCeilteach) is a GAA stadium in Derry, Northern Ireland. With a capacity of about 18,000, the ground is the primary home of Derry's hurling and Gaelic football teams.

Home football games are also sometimes held in Owenbeg, Dungiven. Hurling games, on occasion, take place at Lavey or Fr. McNally Park, Banagher.

As well as staging inter-county matches, it is often used to host Derry football and hurling games at the club level. In recent years, the Derry Senior Football Championship final has usually been held at the ground. The ground hosts the Derry Intermediate Football Championship final and the Derry Junior Football Championship final.

Dungiven
Dungiven (from Irish Dún Geimhin, meaning 'Gevin's fort') is a small town, townland and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is near the main A6 Belfast to Derry road, which bypasses the town. It lies where the rivers Roe, Owenreagh and Owenbeg meet at the foot of the 1,525 ft (465 m) Benbradagh. Nearby is the Glenshane Pass, where the road rises to over 1,000 ft (300 m). It had a population of 3,346 people in the 2021 census. It is within Causeway Coast and Glens district council area.
Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Canada
The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Canada (Chinese: 駐加拿大臺北經濟文化代表處; pinyin: Zhù Jiānádà Táiběi Jīngjì Wénhuà Dàibiǎo Chù; French: Bureau économique et culturel de Taïpei au Canada), also called TECO Canada, is the representative office of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in Canada. Located in Ottawa, the office functions as a de facto embassy in the absence of formal diplomatic relations between Canada and Taiwan.

The office is headed by a representative serving as the de facto ambassador to Canada. Additional branch offices are located in Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. The Ottawa office handles passport and visa issues for the National Capital Region, Newfoundland and Labrador and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, while the branch offices handle needs in the rest of Canada.

The counterpart Canadian office in Taiwan is the Canadian Trade Office in Taipei.

National Capital Region (Canada)
The National Capital Region (NCR) (French: Région de la capitale nationale, pronounced [ʁeʒjɔ̃ d(ə) la kapital nɑsjɔnal]), also known as Canada's Capital Region and Ottawa–Gatineau, is an official federal designation encompassing the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, the adjacent city of Gatineau, Quebec, and surrounding suburban and exurban areas. Despite its designation, the NCR is not a separate political or administrative entity and falls within the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

Defined by the National Capital Act (1985), the NCR covers an area of 4,715 km2 (1,820 sq mi), straddling the Ottawa River, which serves as the boundary between Ontario and Quebec. This area is smaller than the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA), which spans 8,046.99 km2 (3,106.96 sq mi). Ottawa–Gatineau is the only CMA in Canada that crosses provincial boundaries.
Ricinocarpos stylosus
Ricinocarpos stylosus is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae and is endemic to the Norseman district of Western Australia. It is a spreading, rounded, monoecious or dioeceous shrub or small tree, with linear to narrowly oblong leaves and female flowers arranged singly, or with two to five male flowers, or a single female flower surrounded by up to four male flowers.

Norseman, Western Australia
Norseman is a town located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia along the Coolgardie-Esperance Highway, 726 kilometres (451 mi) east of Perth and 278 metres (912 ft) above sea level. It is also the starting point of the Eyre Highway, and the last major town in Western Australia before the South Australian border 720 kilometres (447 mi) to the east. At the 2021 census, Norseman had a population of 562, of whom 17% were Aboriginal.
Iambrix stellifer
Iambrix stellifer, the starry bob or Malay chestnut bob, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in southern Burma, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore, as well as on Borneo, Sumatra, Nias, Java, Batoe and Mentawi. The habitat consists of forested lowland areas.

The wingspan is about 25 mm.It is very similar to salsala, above blacker owing to its being less coated with golden brown, the dots on the forewing fine though distinct and so arranged that one is situate above the sub median area, one in the cell-end, and a third before the centre of the distal margin. Beneath there are behind the white spots of the hindwing some more small orange spots.

The larvae feed on bamboo species. They are pale green with a yellow head.

Bateau
A bateau or batteau is a shallow-draft, flat-bottomed boat which was used extensively across North America, especially in the colonial period and in the fur trade. It was traditionally pointed at both ends but came in a wide variety of sizes. The name derives from the French word, bateau, which is simply the word for boat and the plural, bateaux, follows the French, an unusual construction for an English plural. In the southern United States, the term is still used to refer to flat-bottomed boats, including those elsewhere called johnboats.
In-memory processing
The term is used for two different things:

In computer science, in-memory processing, also called compute-in-memory (CIM), or processing-in-memory (PIM), is a computer architecture in which data operations are available directly on the data memory, rather than having to be transferred to CPU registers first.  This may improve the power usage and performance of moving data between the processor and the main memory.

In software engineering, in-memory processing is a software architecture where a database is kept entirely in random-access memory (RAM) or flash memory so that usual accesses, in particular read or query operations, do not require access to disk storage. This may allow faster data operations such as "joins", and faster reporting and decision-making in business.

Extremely large datasets may be divided between co-operating systems as  in-memory data grids.

Disk storage
Disk storage (also sometimes called drive storage) is a data storage mechanism based on a rotating disk. The recording employs various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to the disk's surface layer. A disk drive is a device implementing such a storage mechanism. Notable types are hard disk drives (HDD), containing one or more non-removable rigid platters; the  floppy disk drive (FDD) and its removable floppy disk; and various optical disc drives (ODD) and associated optical disc media.

(The spelling disk and disc are used interchangeably except where trademarks preclude one usage, e.g., the Compact Disc logo. The choice of a particular form is frequently historical, as in IBM's usage of the disk form beginning in 1956 with the "IBM 350 disk storage unit".)
Postenpflicht
The Postenpflicht (German: "Duty of guards") was a general order issued to SS-Totenkopfverbände guards in Nazi concentration camps to summarily execute insubordinate prisoners. The order required guards to shoot prisoners who engaged in resistance or escape attempts, without warning; failing to do so would result in dismissal or arrest. The Postenpflicht was originally issued on October 1, 1933, for guards at Dachau concentration camp, but was later extended to other concentration camps.

Summary execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial. The term results from the legal concept of summary justice to punish a summary offense, as in the case of a drumhead court-martial, but the term usually denotes the summary execution of a sentence of death. Under international law, it is defined as a combatant's refusal to accept an opponent's lawful surrender and the combatant's provision of no quarter, by killing the surrendering opponents.

Summary executions have been practiced by governments and paramilitary organizations during both peacetime and war, and are usually associated with war crimes and political persecution.
Consumers' Association
Consumers' Association is a common name for consumer protection organizations and can refer to:

Australian Consumers Association

Fiji Consumers Association

Consumers' Association of Ireland

Which?, a United Kingdom consumer organization, officially known as Consumers' Association

Consumers' Association of Ireland
The Consumers' Association of Ireland Ltd. (CAI) was set up in 1966 to protect and educate consumers. Its first chair was Maude Rooney, who was also instrumental in the establishment of the Association.
Jeanne de Gontaut
Jeanne de Gontaut, Countess of Noailles (c. 1520  –  26 September 1586), was a French noblewoman and the wife of Antoine de Noailles, Admiral of France and French Ambassador to England from 1553 to 1556. Following her husband's death in 1562, Jeanne became a lady-in-waiting to the queen mother of France, Catherine de Medici.

Queen mother
A queen mother is a former queen, often a queen dowager, who is the mother of the reigning monarch. The term has been used in English, since the early 1560s. It arises in hereditary monarchies in Europe and is also used to describe a number of similar yet distinct monarchical concepts in non-European cultures around the world. The rank does not go to all mothers of monarchs though. A mother of a ruling monarch may only be referred to as queen mother if she was a queen consort as opposed to a princess consort.

"The Queen Mother" usually, in English, refers to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (queen consort, 1936–1952; queen mother, 1952–2002), who was the mother of Queen Elizabeth II and one of the few people to use the term as an official style. However, it was also used as an official title in Thailand where Sirikit, the mother of King Vajiralongkorn, was officially styled "The Queen Mother".