hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Risk Parity
Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP) is an advanced investment portfolio optimization framework developed in 2016 by Marcos López de Prado at Guggenheim Partners and Cornell University. HRP is a probabilistic graph-based alternative to the prevailing mean-variance optimization (MVO) framework developed by Harry Markowitz in 1952, and for which he received the Nobel Prize in economic sciences. HRP algorithms apply discrete mathematics and machine learning techniques to create diversified and robust investment portfolios that outperform MVO methods out-of-sample. HRP aims to address the limitations of traditional portfolio construction methods, particularly when dealing with highly correlated assets. Following its publication, HRP has been implemented in numerous open-source libraries, and received multiple extensions.

Harry Markowitz
Harry Max Markowitz (August 24, 1927 – June 22, 2023) was an American economist who received the 1989 John von Neumann Theory Prize and the 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Markowitz was a professor of finance at the Rady School of Management at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).  He is best known for his pioneering work in modern portfolio theory, studying the effects of asset risk, return, correlation and diversification on probable investment portfolio returns.
Linda M. Godwin
Linda Maxine Godwin (born July 2, 1952) is an American scientist and retired NASA astronaut.  Godwin joined NASA in 1980 and became an astronaut in July 1986. She retired in 2010.  During her career, Godwin completed four space flights and logged over 38 days in space. Godwin also served as the assistant to the director for exploration, Flight Crew Operations Directorate at the Johnson Space Center. Since retiring from NASA, she accepted the position of professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Missouri. She was the first woman to perform spacewalks outside two different space stations, Mir in March 1996 and the International Space Station in December 2001.

STS-108
STS-108 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle  Endeavour. Its primary objective was to deliver supplies to and help maintain the ISS.

STS-108 was the 12th shuttle flight to visit the ISS and the first since the installation of the Russian airlock called Pirs on the station. Endeavour delivered the Expedition 4 crew to the orbital outpost. The Expedition 3 crew returned to Earth on Endeavour.

While at the station, the crew conducted one spacewalk and attached the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module to the station so that about 2.7 metric tons (3 tons) of equipment and supplies could be unloaded. The crew later returned Raffaello to Endeavour's payload bay for the trip home.
1972–73 Segunda División
The 1972–73 Segunda División season saw 20 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league. Real Murcia, Elche CF and Racing de Santander were promoted to Primera División. CD Logroñés, Pontevedra CF, Cultural Leonesa and CD Mestalla were relegated to Tercera División.

CD Logroñés
Club Deportivo Logroñés, S.A.D. was a Spanish football team based in Logroño, in the autonomous community of La Rioja. Founded in 1940, it last played in Regional Preferente de La Rioja.

Due to financial problems, since 2009 the club has not played in any competition. The club, who appeared in nine La Liga seasons, was replaced by UD Logroñés and SD Logroñés.
Operation Linda Nchi
Operation Linda Nchi (Swahili: Linda Nchi; "Protect the Country") was the Kenya Defence Forces' invasion of southern Somalia beginning in 2011. The Kenyan government declared the operation completed in March 2012, but its forces then joined AMISOM in Somalia.

The Kenyan government aimed to create a buffer zone between Al-Shabaab and instability in southern Somalia, and the Kenyan homeland. However, at a deeper level, the Kenyans desired "to be seen as a reliable partner in the U.S.-led 'global war on terrorism', there were institutional interests within the KDF, and key political elites within the Kenyan government, notably Minister for Internal Security George Saitoti, the Defence Minister Yusuf Haji and several senior security chiefs, advocated for intervention to advance their own economic and political interests."

Government of Kenya
The Government of the Republic of Kenya (GoK) is the national government of the Republic of Kenya located in East Africa. It is composed of 47 counties, each county with its own semi-autonomous governments, including the national capital of Nairobi, where the national government is primarily based.

The national government is composed of three distinct branches: The Legislature (Parliament), the Executive and the Judiciary. Each arm is independent of the other and their individual roles are set by the Constitution of Kenya while their powers and duties are further defined by acts of Parliament.
Robert Fletcher (photographer)
Robert Fletcher (born 1938) is an American photographer, filmmaker, writer, and educator. He is known for his photographs of the activities of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

Fletcher was born in Detroit, Michigan in 1938. He attended Fisk University and Wayne State University. In 1964 he became the photographer for SNCC.

Fletcher's work has been included in major Black photojournalism exhibits including the 1980 Smithsonian exhibition We'll Never Turn Back, and the traveling exhibition This Light of Ours: Activist Photographers of the Civil Rights Movement.

Fletcher's work was included in the 2025 exhibition Photography and the Black Arts Movement, 1955–1985 at the National Gallery of Art.

Fisk University
Fisk University is a private historically black liberal arts college in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1866 and its 40-acre (16 ha) campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1930, Fisk became the first historically black institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Fisk is the oldest institution for higher education in Nashville.
Grand Hotel station
Grand Hotel station, MP 41.4 of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad, was located in the small mountain hamlet of Highmount, New York, at the summit between Big Indian and Arkville.  A turntable was located here, allowing pusher engines to be turned before descending to Arkville or Big Indian.

Ulster and Delaware Railroad
The Ulster and Delaware Railroad (U&D) was a railroad located in the state of New York. It was often advertised as "The Only All-Rail Route to the Catskill Mountains." At its greatest extent, the U&D extended 107 miles (172 km) from Kingston Point on the Hudson River through the Catskill Mountains to its western terminus at Oneonta, passing through the counties of Ulster, Delaware, Schoharie and Otsego.
ABCS
ABCS may mean:

Army Battle Command System

Aeromedical Biological Containment System

ABCS Tournament, an international association football competition

ABCs (song),  2008 single by K'naan featuring Chubb Rock

ABCS, callsign for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's TV station in Ceduna, South Australia

The ABC Song, also known as "The ABCs"

ABCs (song)
"ABCs" is the first official single by rapper K'naan on his album Troubadour. It also features rapper Chubb Rock and is produced by Gerald Eaton and Brian West. The song was also featured on the soundtrack for the video game Madden 09 and in both the film and the trailer for The Trotsky. The song can be heard in the films Step Up 3D (2010) and The Roommate (2011). It samples Chubb Rock's "Treat 'Em Right" and Mulatu Astatke's "Kasalefkut hulu".
Island Ink-Jet
Island Ink-Jet was a large printer ink and laser toner supply chain store with stores in Canada and Puerto Rico. The brand was currently owned by The Equipment leasing company ltd. and based in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, and locations operate under a franchising business model. The chain offered a printer ink cartridge refill service and sold several varieties of ink cartridges and toner cartridges including remanufactured cartridges.

Toner refill
Toner refilling is the practice of refilling empty laser printer toner cartridges with new toner powder. This enables the cartridge to be reused, saving the cost of a complete new cartridge and the impact of the waste and disposal of the old one.

While toner cartridges are commonly refilled with results reported to be good, in at least some cases refilling without full remanufacturing may leave waste toner from each print and paper debris in the cartridge, potentially causing backgrounding problems and producing contamination in the refilled cartridge.

The U.S. patent for the "Refillable toner cartridge" was issued to Fred Keen on March 28, 1989.
Friedland (Amt)
Friedland is an Amt in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The seat of the Amt is in Friedland.

The Amt Friedland consists of the following municipalities:

Datzetal

Friedland

Galenbeck

Friedland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Friedland (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːtˌlant] ⓘ) is a town in the district Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

It is only 22 km from the district seat and bigger town Neubrandenburg, but still Friedland remains a local center for surrounding communities like Galenbeck (Kotelow, Lübbersdorf, Schwichtenberg), Brunn and Boldekow, and has approximately 6,500 citizens. The former municipality Genzkow was merged into Friedland in May 2019.

It was founded in 1244 by the Prince-electors Otto and Johann of Brandenburg, then having the name Vredeland.
David Pettit
David William Pettit (24 March 1937 – 28 May 1990) was an English first-class cricketer.

Pettit was born at Canterbury in March 1937, where he was educated at St Edmund's School. From St Edmund's he went up to Hertford College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1958 and 1959, making five appearances. His matches for Oxford were mostly trials, with Pettit handed his first trial match against Derbyshire due to the unavailability of J. A. Bailey and David Sayer, where he was employed as a new ball bowler. He was expensive and did not take a wicket and did not feature for Oxford until the following year, when he played four matches in a row, which included an appearance against the touring Indians. However, he only took 6 wickets in these matches at an expensive average of 62.00.

Pettit died suddenly in May 1990 in Australia at Greta West, Victoria.

Greta West
Greta West is a locality in north-east Victoria, Australia. At the 2016 census, Greta West had a population of 162.

Ned Kelly, bushranger, lived for a short while near Greta West.

The township was settled in the 1890s, the Post Office opening on 18 April 1892 (closed 1994).

The closest points of reference are Glenrowan and Moyhu.
Orange High School (Orange, Virginia)
Orange High School is a historic school located in Orange, Virginia.  The first school building at the site was built in 1911 based on a design by noted Virginia architect Charles M. Robinson.  The original structure is a 2+1⁄2-story building with a monumental Doric portico  modeled on the Temple of Albano.  In 1925, a one-story annex building was added next to the school. The school opened in 1911 as an elementary, middle, and high school.  It continued in operation until 1970.  When plans to demolish the original 1911 building were announced in the late 1990s, local residents protested.  The property was converted for use as apartments for senior citizens.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Orange, Virginia
Orange is a town and the county seat of Orange County, Virginia, United States. The population was 4,880 at the 2020 census, representing a 3.4% increase since the 2010 census. Orange is 28 miles (45 km) northeast of Charlottesville, 88 miles (142 km) southwest of Washington, D.C., and 4 miles (6 km) east of Founding Father and fourth U.S. president James Madison's plantation of Montpelier.
Tejon Indian Tribe
The Tejon Indian Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of Kitanemuk,  Yokuts, Paiute and Chumash Indigenous people of California.

Their ancestral homeland is the southern San Joaquin Valley, San Emigdio Mountains, and Tehachapi Mountains. Today they live in Kern County, California.

Paiute
Paiute (/ˈpaɪjuːt/; also Piute) refers to three non-contiguous groups of Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin. Although their languages are related within the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, these three languages do not form a single subgroup and they are no more closely related to each than they are to the Central Numic languages (Timbisha, Shoshoni, and Comanche) which are spoken between them.

The term "Paiute" does not refer to a single, unique, unified group of Great Basin tribes, but is a historical label comprising:

Northern Paiute people of northeastern California, northwestern Nevada, eastern Oregon, and southern Idaho

Southern Paiute people of northern Arizona, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah

Mono people of east central California, divided into Owens Valley Paiute (Eastern Mono) and Western Mono (Monache)
Henry Payne (engineer)
Henry Payne FRAeS M.Inst.C.E. (9 March 1871 – 28 March 1945) was dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Melbourne. He was also the first occupant of the Corporation Chair of Engineering, South African College, Cape Town (1903-1905) where he designed and equipped the Civil and Mechanical Engineering Departments.  Payne's entry in the Dictionary of National Biography describes him as 'Dignified in manner and precise in speech, he was respected as a man of principle'.

Royal Aeronautical Society
The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, and Companions of the society can use the post-nominal letters MRAeS, FRAeS, or CRAeS, respectively.
Catawba College
Catawba College is a private college in Salisbury, North Carolina. Founded in 1851 by the North Carolina Classis of the Reformed Church in Newton, the college adopted its name from its county of origin, Catawba County, before moving to its current home of Salisbury in 1925.  Catawba College still holds loose ties with the successor to the Reformed Church, the United Church of Christ. It offers over 70 undergraduate degrees. As of August 2024, Catawba has an endowment over $580 million.

Newton, North Carolina
Newton is a city in Catawba County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Newton had a population of 13,148. It is the county seat of Catawba County. Newton is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area.
GNOME Evolution
GNOME Evolution (formerly Novell Evolution and Ximian Evolution, before Novell acquired Ximian in 2003) is the official personal information manager for GNOME. It has been an official part of GNOME since Evolution 2.0 was included with the GNOME 2.8 release in September 2004. It combines email, address book, calendar, task list, and note-taking features. Its user interface and functions are similar to Microsoft Outlook. Evolution is free software licensed under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

Note-taking
Note-taking (sometimes written as notetaking or note taking) is the practice of recording information from different sources and platforms. By taking notes, the writer records the essence of the information, freeing their mind from having to recall everything. Notes are commonly drawn from a transient source, such as an oral discussion at a meeting, or a lecture (notes of a meeting are usually called minutes), in which case the notes may be the only record of the event. Since the advent of writing and literacy, notes traditionally were almost always handwritten (often in notebooks), but the introduction of notetaking software and websites has made digital notetaking possible and widespread. Note-taking is a foundational skill in personal knowledge management.
Grzegorczyk
Grzegorczyk (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡʐɛˈɡɔrt͡ʂɨk]) is a Polish patronymic surname developed from the given name Grzegorz (Gregory).

Archaic feminine forms are Grzegorczykowa (by husband), Grzegorczykówna (by father); they still can be used colloquially. Some of them use Korczak coat of arms. It might be transliterated as Gregorczyk.
Notable people with this surname include the following:

Andrzej Grzegorczyk (1922–2014), Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher and ethicist

Renata Maria Grzegorczykowa (born 1931), Polish philologist and an expert in polonist linguistics

Robert Grzegorczyk (born 1973), Polish figure skater

Ryszard Grzegorczyk (1939–2021), Polish footballer

Sylwia Gregorczyk-Abram (born 1982), Polish attorney and social activist

Tomasz Grzegorczyk (born 1981), Polish football manager and player

Władysław Grzegorczyk (1905–1981), Polish Righteous Among the Nations

Gregory (given name)
The masculine first name Gregory or Grégory derives from the Latin name "Gregorius", which came from the late Greek name "Γρηγόριος" (Grēgórios) meaning "watchful, alert" (derived from "ἐγείρω" "egeiro" meaning "to awaken, arouse"). (See also the egrḗgoroi or Watcher angels in Second Book of Enoch).

Through folk etymology, the name also became associated with Latin grex (stem greg–) meaning "flock" or "herd". This association with a shepherd who diligently guides his flock contributed to the name's popularity among monks and popes.

Sixteen popes and two antipopes have used the name Gregorius, starting with Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great). It is tied with Benedict as the second-most popular name for popes, after John.

Although the name was uncommon in the early 20th century, after the popularity of the actor Gregory Peck it became one of the ten most common male names in the United States in the 1950s and has remained popular since.
Cardinal Brewery
Cardinal is a Swiss brand of beer and a former brewery founded in 1788 by François Piller, located in Fribourg.  The brewery was acquired by Feldschlösschen in 1991, which itself was acquired by the Carlsberg Group in 2000.

The brewery in Fribourg was closed in 2011, and today Cardinal is brewed at the Feldschlösschen brewery in Rheinfelden, Aargau.

The flagship beer of the Cardinal brand is Cardinal Blonde, a pale lager, which is heavily promoted in the country. The state and the city of Fribourg took over the factory site on June 1, 2012, for 21.5 million Swiss francs to build a technology and innovation park there.

Fribourg
Fribourg or Freiburg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and district of La Sarine. Located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between German-speaking and French-speaking Switzerland. Its Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365.
Blanche Atkinson
Blanche Isabella Atkinson (bapt. 18 February 1847 – 27 November 1911) was an English novelist and author of children's books. She is also noted for her correspondence and friendship with the influential art critic John Ruskin.

Barmouth
Barmouth (formal Welsh: Abermaw, or Abermawddach; colloquially Y Bermo) is a seaside town and community in the county of Gwynedd, north-west Wales; it lies on the estuary of the Afon Mawddach and Cardigan Bay. Located in the historic county of Merionethshire, the Welsh form of the name is derived from aber (estuary) and the river's name, Mawddach. The English form of the name is a corruption of the earlier Welsh form Abermawdd. The community includes the villages of Llanaber, Cutiau and Caerdeon.
Southern Greece
Southern Greece (Greek: Νότια Ελλάδα) is a loosely defined geographical term, usually encompassing the Peloponnese peninsula and varying parts of Continental Greece (Attica is usually included), as well as the islands of the Cyclades, the Dodecanese, and Crete. It has never corresponded to a specific administrative or other entity, but is usually defined in juxtaposition with Northern Greece.

Central Greece (geographic region)
Continental Greece (Greek: Στερεά Ελλάδα, romanized: Stereá Elláda; formerly Χέρσος Ἑλλάς, Chérsos Ellás), colloquially known as Roumeli (Ρούμελη), is a traditional geographic region of Greece. In English, the area is usually called Central Greece, but the equivalent Greek term (Κεντρική Ελλάδα, Kentrikí Elláda) is more rarely used.

It includes the southern part of the Greek mainland (sans the Peloponnese), as well as the offshore island of Euboea. Since 1987, its territory has been divided among the administrative regions of Central Greece and Attica, and the regional unit (former prefecture) of Aetolia-Acarnania in the administrative region of Western Greece.
Miss Colombia 2006
Miss Colombia 2006, the 72nd Miss Colombia pageant, was held in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, on November 12, 2006.  The winner of the pageant was Eileen Roca Torralvo, Miss Cesar.

The pageant was broadcast live on RCN TV from the Centro de Convenciones Cartagena de Indias in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, outgoing titleholder Valerie Dominguez Tarud crowned Eileen Roca Torralvo of Cesar as the new Miss Colombia.

Valerie Domínguez
Valerie Domínguez Tarud (born January 12, 1981) is a Colombian actress, model, designer, and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Colombia 2005 and represented her country at Miss Universe 2006 where she finished in the Top 10.
Skiles Test Nature Park
Skiles Test Nature Park, sometimes called Skiles Test Nature Area, is a nature park on the northeast side of Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is in the northern trailhead of the Fall Creek Parkway and used by hikers, bikers and nature enthusiasts. The land, originally owned by millionaire Skiles Test, was willed to Indianapolis after his death. His home, known as the House of Blue Lights, is supposedly a haunted house.

Test lived on the property from 1913 to 1964. It once featured a miniature railway and a pool with bathhouses, elevators, and high dives.

In 2010 Big Car organized series of site specific art installations in the park including works by Cindy Hinant, Nathan Monk, and  Lukas Schooler.

Skiles Test Nature Park has a documented history as a gay cruising site,  but a crackdown and several arrests in the early 2000s led to a decline in it being used for this purpose.

Nature park
A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.

In most countries nature parks are subject to legally regulated protection, which is part of their conservation laws.

In terms of level of protection, a category "Nature Park" is not the same as a "National Park", which is defined by the IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas as a category II protected area. 
A "Nature Park" designation, depending on local specifics, falls between category III and category VI according to IUCN categorization, in most cases closer to category VI.
However some nature parks have later been turned into national parks.