hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Higher-order logic
In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic (abbreviated HOL) is a form of logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers and, sometimes, stronger semantics. Higher-order logics with their standard semantics are more expressive, but their model-theoretic properties are less well-behaved than those of first-order logic.

The term "higher-order logic" is commonly used to mean higher-order simple predicate logic. Here "simple" indicates that the underlying type theory is the theory of simple types, also called the simple theory of types. Leon Chwistek and Frank P. Ramsey proposed this as a simplification of ramified theory of types specified in the Principia Mathematica by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. Simple types is sometimes also meant to exclude polymorphic and dependent types.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.
Lionel Seymour Craig
Lionel Seymour Craig, CHB, (13 February 1929 – 9 March 2014) was a Barbadian politician and a member of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP). He served as a Member of the Parliament of Barbados for Saint James from 1966 to 1986. He was also a Cabinet Minister between 1976 and 1986, including a tenure as Minister of Housing from 1976 and 1981, as well as the Minister of Labour.

Craig was the last surviving member of the Barbados Labour Party's 1966 parliamentary group. He was also one of the last living politicians to have worked with Sir Grantley Herbert Adams, the first Prime Minister of Barbados and the founder of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP).

Prime Minister of Barbados
The prime minister of Barbados is the head of government of Barbados. The prime minister is appointed by the president under the terms of the Constitution. As the nominal holder of executive authority, the president holds responsibility for conducting parliamentary elections and for proclaiming one of the candidates as prime minister.
Mørke
Mørke is a town located in East Jutland, on the southwestern part of the Djursland peninsula, Denmark. It is a commuter town of the city of Aarhus, which lies approximately 26 kilometers to the southwest, and a railway town at Grenaabanen, the railroad between the cities of Aarhus and Grenaa. Mørke is located in Syddjurs Municipality, which in turn is part of Region Midtjylland, and has a population of 1,690 (1 January 2025).

Mørke is served by Mørke railway station, located on the Grenaa railway line between Aarhus and Grenaa.

The 2005 Danish film Murk (Danish: Mørke) by Jannik Johansen is named for the town.

Jannik Johansen
Jannik Johansen (born 1965) is a Danish film director and screenwriter. He began film-making at Per Holst Film in the late 1980s, thereafter directed and edited television productions and short fiction. He wrote and directed a number of short fiction films, including fiction A Quiet Death, awarded by the National Art Fund. Johansen's feature film début and the box-office hit, Stealing Rembrandt (2003), was nominated on Bodil Awards and Robert Awards, and won Best Acting Ensemble for the male leads at Courmayeur Film Noir Festival in Italy. Later, Murk (2005) and White Night (2007) followed.
2023 Mallorca Championships – Doubles
Yuki Bhambri and Lloyd Harris won the doubles title at the 2023 Mallorca Championships, defeating Robin Haase and Philipp Oswald in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Rafael Matos and David Vega Hernández were the reigning champions, but Vega Hernández chose to compete in Eastbourne instead. Matos partnered with Francisco Cabral, but lost in the quarterfinals to Santiago González and Édouard Roger-Vasselin.

Yuki Bhambri
Yuki Bhambri (born 4 July 1992) is an Indian professional tennis player who currently specializes in doubles. He has an ATP career-high doubles ranking of world No. 18 achieved on 9 February 2026 and a career-high singles ranking of No. 83 achieved on 16 April 2018.

He is a former junior No. 1 and winner of the 2009 Australian Open Junior Championship. He is the first Indian to win the junior Australian Open title and the fourth Indian in history to capture a junior singles title at a Grand Slam championship. He represents India in the Davis Cup.
Paduwang
Paduwang (also known as bedouang) is a traditional double-outrigger vessel from Madura, Indonesia. It is built with planks instead of single log, and used for fishing, trading and transport of people and goods near Madura island. In the 19th century, Paduwang was a popular fishing craft in East Java.: 80

Madura
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island has an area of about 4,471.05 square kilometres (1,726.28 mi2), but administratively Madura comprises an area of around 5,408.45 square kilometres (2,088.21 mi2) due to the inclusion of various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency. Madura is part of the province of East Java. It is separated from Java by the narrow Madura Strait. The administered area had a density of 773 people per km2 (2,003 per sq. mile) in mid-2024, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 862.3 per km2 (2,233 per sq. mile).
William Spell
William (Bill) Spell is an American investor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and president of Spell Capital Partners and the Spell Family Office. Spell Capital is based in Minnesota and has a 37-year history of investing in private equity, specializing in industrial manufacturing transactions. Since 2018, the firm has invested on behalf of the Spell Family Office which has assets under management (AUM) of $700 Million.

Spell started his career as an investment banker, working for a Midwest-based regional investment bank. During 1988 when he left to found Spell Capital Partners, he was Director of the corporate finance group. The majority of Spell's career has been spent in private equity buyouts, mergers and acquisitions.

Together with his wife, Tiki, they are the founders of Spell Estate winery in Sonoma, California. Spell has also been involved with numerous charitable and philanthropic activities, including the Spell Family Foundation.

Buyout
In finance, a buyout is an investment transaction by which the ownership equity, or a controlling interest of a company, or a majority share of the capital stock of the company is acquired. The acquirer thereby "buys out" the present equity holders of the target company. A buyout will often include the purchasing of the target company's outstanding debt, which is referred to as "assumed debt" by the purchaser. It is usually synonymous with "acquisition".
Zukić
Zukić is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amir Zukić (politician) (born 1966), Bosnian politician

Amir Zukić (TV host) (born 1972), Bosnian television host and media manager

Dejan Zukić (born 2001), Serbian footballer

Muhidin Zukić (born 1971), retired Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer

Seid Zukić (born 1994), Bosnian footballer

Zoran Zukić (born 1981), Serbian footballer

Muhidin Zukić
Muhidin Zukić (born 22 September 1971) is a retired Bosnian-Herzegovinian professional footballer that spent his whole career as a member of FK Sarajevo, whom he captained. He received one cap for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Helen Bostock
Helen Clare Bostock, is an oceanographer researching past, present and future conditions in the Southern Ocean. In 2011 she led a research voyage on board the RV Tangaroa to the Solander Trough region of the Tasman Sea. Two years later she was deputy voyage leader for an expedition to the Mertz Polynya, Antarctica. In 2016 she was awarded the McKay Hammer, for her combined research achievements between 2013 and 2016.

Ocean Drilling Program
The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) was part of an international project to explore and study the composition and structure of Earth's oceanic basins. This collaborative effort spanned multiple decades and produced comprehensive data that improved understanding of oceanic processes and advanced several fields in Earth science.
Leo Jokela
Leo Paavali Jokela (24 January 1927 – 11 May 1975) was a Finnish actor. He is best remembered for his role as a detective Kokki in Matti Kassila's Komisario Palmu films and as a parrot G. Pula-aho in Spede Pasanen's radio programs.

Matti Kassila
Matti Kassila (12 January 1924 – 13 December 2018) was a Finnish film director who achieved fame as one of the most prominent Finnish filmmakers in the 1950s and 1960s. He is most famous for the series of four Inspector Palmu movies, based on the character created by Mika Waltari. During his long career, he won seven Jussi Awards, including a concrete Jussi for lifetime achievement, and received numerous other commendations. His 1959 film Punainen viiva was entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival. He was also one of the screenwriters for the 1968 film Here, Beneath the North Star, directed by Edvin Laine.
Ben Stevens (cricketer)
Benjamin David Hodfinger Stevens (born 5 May 1992) is a retired Jersey international cricketer. In 2014 he played in the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Four. He was a member of the Jersey squad for the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament.

Jersey cricket team
The Jersey men's cricket team represents the Bailiwick of Jersey, a Crown dependency, in international cricket. They became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2005, and an associate member in 2007.
Andrew Penn
Andrew Penn is the name of:

Andy Penn (businessman), Chief Executive Officer of Telstra

Andrew Penn (cricketer) (born 1974), New Zealand cricketer

Andrew Penn (racewalker) (born 1967), British race walker

Andy Penn (referee) (born 1971), British football referee

Telstra
Telstra Group Limited is an Australian telecommunications company that builds and operates telecommunications networks and markets related products and services. It is a member of the S&P/ASX 20 stock index, and is Australia's largest telecommunications company by market share. As of June 2025, Telstra CEO Vicky Brady joined the board of the BCA (Business Council of Australia), one of Australia's most influential gas lobby groups.

Telstra has a long history in Australia, originating together with Australia Post as the Postmaster-General's Department upon federation in 1901. Telstra had transitioned from a state-owned enterprise to a fully privatised company by 2006.
Rodinsky
Rodinsky (Russian: Родинский; masculine), Rodinskaya (Родинская; feminine), or Rodinskoye (Родинское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Rodinsky, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Arkhangelsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Rodinsky, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Sorochinsky District of Orenburg Oblast

Rodinskaya, a village in Zavolzhsky District of Ivanovo Oblast

Rodinskoye, a selo in Yelansky District of Volgograd Oblast

Ivanovo Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast (Russian: Ива́новская о́бласть, romanized: Ivanovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It had a population of 927,828 as of the 2021 Russian Census.

Its three largest cities are Ivanovo (the administrative center), Kineshma, and Shuya. The principal center of tourism is Plyos. The Volga River flows through the northern part of the oblast.
Service for French Internet Exchange
The Service for French Internet Exchange (SFINX) is a French IXPs (Internet Exchange Points), along with France-IX and PARIX. It's  PoPs are based at Interxion "Paris 1" in Aubervilliers and Telehouse "Paris 2" in the  11th arrondissement of Paris.

It is operated by RENATER, the French National Research and Education Network (NREN).

National research and education network
A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within a country.

It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.

In recent years, with the widespread availability of high-speed internet services, their importance has diminished, although many NRENs have expanded their remit of services to include areas such as trust and identity, security, automation, and cloud offerings, while others have evolved into fully fledged digital transformation agencies for their respective national governments.
The Seven Cities of Gold (video game)
The Seven Cities of Gold is a strategy video game created by Danielle Bunten Berry (credited as Dan Bunten) and Ozark Softscape and published by Electronic Arts in 1984. It was originally developed for the Atari 8-bit computers and released simultaneously for Apple II and Commodore 64. Conversions followed for IBM PC compatibles (1985, as self-booting disk), then Mac and Amiga (1986).

The player takes the role of a late 15th-century explorer for the Spanish Empire, setting sail to the New World in order to explore the map and interact with the natives in order to win gold and please the Spanish court. The name derives from the "seven cities" of Quivira and Cíbola that were said to be located somewhere in the Southwest United States. It is considered to be one of the earliest open world video games.

Quivira
Quivira was a province of the ancestral Wichita people, located near the Great Bend of the Arkansas River in central Kansas, The exact site may be near present-day Lyons extending northeast to Salina.

The Wichita city of Etzanoa, which flourished between 1450 and 1700, is likely part of Quivira.

Spanish conquistador and explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado visited in 1541.
Scouting and Guiding in Morocco
The Scout and Guide movement in Morocco is served by

Fédération Nationale du Scoutisme Marocain, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Although Morocco does have  Guiding organization, work towards World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts membership recognition remains unclear

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.
Polar body
A polar body is a small haploid cell that is formed at the same time as an egg cell during oogenesis, but generally does not have the ability to be fertilized. It is named from its polar position in the egg.

When certain diploid cells in animals undergo cytokinesis after meiosis to produce egg cells, they sometimes divide unevenly. Most of the cytoplasm is segregated into one daughter cell, which becomes the egg or ovum, while the smaller polar bodies only get a small amount of cytoplasm. They frequently die and disintegrate by apoptosis, but in some cases remain and can be important in the life cycle of the organism.

Zygote
A zygote (/ˈzaɪˌɡoʊt/ ⓘ; from Ancient Greek  ζυγωτός (zygōtós) 'joined, yoked', from  ζυγοῦν (zygoun) 'to join, to yoke') is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.

The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism.

The sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy, the result of which is the formation of a diploid cell called the zygote (or zygospore in specific cases).
Jorge Sánchez (footballer, born 1979)
Jorge Elenilson Sánchez Garay (born March 13, 1979, in  El Salvador) is a Salvadoran football player who currently plays as a defender for Luis Ángel Firpo in the Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador.

Salvadorans
Salvadorans (Spanish: Salvadoreños), also known as Salvadorians or Salvadoreans, are citizens of El Salvador, a country in Central America. Most Salvadorans live in El Salvador, although there is also a significant Salvadoran diaspora, particularly in the United States, with smaller communities in other countries around the world.

El Salvador's population was 6,218,000 in 2010, compared to 2,200,000 in 1950. In 2010, the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.
Xylorycta cirrhophragma
Xylorycta cirrhophragma is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from the Northern Territory and Queensland.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are shining white with golden-ochreous markings. There is a slender streak along the costa from the base to three-fifths, infuscated anteriorly. There is also a rather narrow subbasal fascia and a moderate irregular-edged median fascia not quite reaching the dorsum, as well as an irregular incurved fascia from the costa at five-sixths to the dorsum before the tornus with anterior angular prominences above and below the middle, and others posteriorly above the middle and near the dorsum. The hindwings are pale ochreous.

The larvae feed on Grevillea striata.

Grevillea striata
Grevillea striata, commonly known as beefwood or silver honeysuckle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to continental Australia. It is a shrub or tree with linear leaves and white to cream-colured or pale yellow flowers. Other common names for this species include western beefwood, beef oak and beef silky oak.
Montreal Urban Community
The Montreal Urban Community (MUC) (French: Communauté Urbaine de Montréal, pronounced [kɔmynote yʁbɛn də mɔ̃ʁeal], CUM) was a regional government in Quebec, Canada, that covered all municipalities located on the Island of Montreal and the islands of L'Île-Dorval and Île Bizard from January 1970 (when it was created from the former Jacques-Cartier County) until the end of December 2001. These municipalities were merged into the megacity of Montreal on January 1, 2002. After the partial demergers of 2006, a successor organization was formed, the Urban agglomeration of Montreal.

Île Bizard
Île Bizard (French pronunciation: [il bizaʁ]) is an island near the Island of Montreal in the Hochelaga Archipelago region. It is one of the three populated islands within the city of Montreal, along with the Island of Montreal and Nuns' Island (Île des Soeurs). The island is served by buses 207 and 407.
Saint-Pons-de-Thomières Cathedral
Saint-Pons-de-Thomières Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Pons de Saint-Pons-de-Thomières) is a former Roman Catholic church located in Saint-Pons-de-Thomières, France. It is a national monument.

It was formerly the seat of the Bishopric of Saint-Pons, founded like a number of bishoprics in the region in the aftermath of the suppression of the Albigensians. By a Papal bull dated 18 February 1318, Pope John XXII created the see by elevating the abbey of Saint-Pons, which had been here since its foundation in 936 by Raymond, Count of Toulouse. The bishopric was abolished by the Concordat of 1801 and merged into the Diocese of Montpellier.

The Romanesque abbey church became the present cathedral. It takes its dedication, like the town and the abbey, from Saint Pontius of Cimiez. It is particularly known for the carvings on and around the portals. During the French Wars of Religion the choir was destroyed; it was replaced with the present neo-classical east front.

Raymond Pons, Count of Toulouse
Raymond Pons (Regimundus Pontio; died after 944), who may be numbered Raymond III or Pons I, was the count of Toulouse from 924.

In 932, Raymond Pons travelled north with his uncle Count Ermengol of Rouergue and Duke Sancho IV Garcés of Gascony to do homage to King Rudolph.

In 936, Raymond Pons founded the monastery of Chanteuges. Between 940 and 941, he controlled Auvergne. In 944, when Hugh the Great and King Louis IV entered Aquitaine, the former met Raymond at Nevers and confirmed his titles while the Toulousain returned with the king to the royal court.

Raymond Pons married a daughter of Duke García II of Gascony, who was either the same person as his known wife Gersenda or a distinct earlier wife. His successor was another Raymond, probably his son.
Patriot Party (1970s)
The Patriot Party was a socialist organization of the early 1970s in the United States that organized poor, rural whites in the Appalachian South and Pacific Northwest. The party was formed after a split with the Young Patriots Organization. The YPO's membership was drawn from street gangs of Appalachian whites in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois; it became politicized after working with the Young Lords, a Puerto Rican activist group, and the African-American Black Panther Party.

Poor White
Poor White is a sociocultural classification used to describe economically disadvantaged Whites in the English-speaking world, especially White Americans with low incomes.

In the United States, Poor White is the historical classification for an American sociocultural group, of generally Western and/or Northern European descent, with many being in the Southern United States and Appalachia regions. They were first classified as a social caste in the Antebellum South, consisting of white, agrarian, economically disadvantaged laborers or squatters, who usually owned neither land nor slaves.

In the British Commonwealth, the term was historically used to describe lower-class whites, notably in the context of the "poor white problem" in South Africa.
Nicola Hancock
Nicola Maggie Hancock (born 8 November 1995) is an Australian cricketer who plays as a right-arm medium bowler and right-handed batter. She plays for the Queensland Fire in the Women's National Cricket League and the Brisbane Heat in the Women's Big Bash League. She has previously played for Victoria, Melbourne Renegades, Northern Districts, ACT Meteors, Hobart Hurricanes, Melbourne Stars and Sunrisers. She has played for Australia at underage level and for their second team, the Shooting Stars.

Melbourne Renegades (WBBL)
The Melbourne Renegades (WBBL) are an Australian women's Twenty20 cricket team based in St Kilda, Victoria. They are one of two teams from Melbourne to compete in the Women's Big Bash League, the other being the Melbourne Stars.
Rob Landsbergen
Rob Landsbergen (25 February 1960 – 29 September 2022) was a Dutch footballer who played as a forward for PSV Eindhoven and South Korean Hyundai Horangi. He was the first Dutch football player to play for a Korean club.

Landsbergen died from complications of Alzheimer's disease on 29 September 2022, at the age of 62.

Ulsan HD FC
Ulsan HD FC (Korean: 울산 HD FC), formerly Ulsan Hyundai FC, is a South Korean professional football club based in Ulsan that competes in the K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football. Founded in 1983 as Hyundai Horang-i, they joined the K League in 1984. Their home ground is Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium. The club is owned by HD Hyundai Heavy Industries.

Ulsan HD have won the league title five times, most recently in 2024, and the Korean FA Cup once, in 2017. At the international level, they have won the AFC Champions League twice, in 2012 and 2020, and are the only club to have won the tournament twice without defeat.