hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taşgeçit Bridge
Taşgeçit Bridge (Turkish: Taşgeçit Köprüsü, literally Stone gate bridge) is a Roman bridge in Mersin Province, Turkey.

The bridge is about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) south west of Yeniyurt village of Erdemli ilçe (district) at 36°36′45″N 34°06′13″E﻿ / ﻿36.61250°N 34.10361°E﻿ / 36.61250; 34.10361. Its distance to Erdemli is 29 kilometres (18 mi) and to Mersin is 65 kilometres (40 mi). It was over a now dried up creek, a tributary of Lamas River.

There are a few written sources on the bridge. According to Professor Serra Durugönül of Mersin University Archaeology department, the bridge was constructed in the 2nd century during the Roman rule in Anatolia. It is a stone bridge with two arches. Even today the bridge is quite usable. However the creek has dried up and the ancient road has already been wiped off . Thus the bridge is out of usage. Presently there are water pipes from a nearby water regulator to villages passing under the arches.

Limonlu River
The Limonlu River (Ancient Greek: Λάμος Lamos; Latin: Lamus), also known as Gökler Deresi, is a river of ancient Cilicia, now in Mersin Province, Turkey.

The river rises at Yüğlük Dağı in the Taurus Mountains and flows through deep gorges to the southwest until it reaches the Mediterranean Sea at Limonlu (the ancient Antiochia Lamotis) in the district of Erdemli. About halfway along its course it is receives the Susama Deresi from the west as a tributary.

In the town of Limonlu, about 500 metres west of the river mouth on a flat hill on the right bank is the medieval castle Lamos Kalesi. Below the castle a Late Ottoman bridge crosses the river, probably on the site of an earlier Roman bridge. North of the town are the remains of an aqueduct, which carried water from the river west to the ancient towns of Elaiussa Sebaste and Corycus.
Sumitra Bhandari
Sumitra Subedi Bhandari (Nepali: सुमित्रा सुवेदी भण्डारी) is a Nepali politician and former Governor of Madhesh Province. Bhandari lost her post after being alleged for unsuccessfully controlling the government formation process in province.

A disputed Governor, Bhandari was appointed as per the Article 163 (2) of the Constitution of Nepal by the President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal on 15 March 2024. Following her disruptive move to appoint Saroj Kumar Yadav of her parent party, CPN (UML) as chief minister spread agitations throughout Madhesh Province seeking her removal from ceremonial post. However, majority of Members of Provincial Assembly (MPAs), as much as 74 of 107, filed a writ claiming it unconstitutional.

Council of Ministers of Nepal
The Council of Ministers (Nepali: मन्त्रिपरिषद्, romanized: Mantriparishad) or Federal Executive (Nepali: संघीय कार्यपालिका, romanized: Saṅghīya kāryapālikā) is the executive body of the federal government of Nepal. The prime minister is the head of the council of ministers. Since September 12, 2025, the Prime Minister is Sushila Karki.
Viva (British and Irish TV channel)
Viva (stylised as VIVA) was a British free-to-air music and entertainment television channel owned by Viacom International Media Networks Europe. The channel launched on 26 October 2009, replacing TMF, and closed on 31 January 2018.

Paramount Networks EMEAA
Paramount Networks EMEAA is a Spanish-based division of Paramount International Networks (representing its media operations across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia) which is fully owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation. The unit's headquarters are in Madrid, with additional offices in Berlin, Lisbon, Paris, Amsterdam, Milan, Dubai, Johannesburg, Lagos, Budapest, Warsaw, Singapore, Stockholm, Tokyo, Beijing, Manila, Copenhagen, Prague, Helsinki, and Hong Kong. The company was originally founded under the name MTV Networks Europe in 1987.

In 2011, the division was renamed Viacom International Media Networks Europe. Also in 2011, Viacom created an Italian subdivision in order to purchase a 30% ownership stake in the Rainbow S.p.A. animation studio until it sold the stake in 2023.

It currently operates in 31 countries across Europe, Africa and the Middle East.
1971 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election
The Columbus mayoral election of 1971 was the 74th mayoral election in Columbus, Ohio.  It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1971.  Incumbent Democratic mayor Jack Sensenbrenner was defeated by Republican party nominee Tom Moody.

The Columbus Dispatch
The Columbus Dispatch is a daily newspaper based in Columbus, Ohio. Its first issue was published on July 1, 1871, and it has been the only mainstream daily newspaper in the city since The Columbus Citizen-Journal ceased publication in 1985.

As of November 2019, Alan D. Miller is the newspaper's interim general manager.
Nuestra Senora de Luz Church and Cemetery
Nuestra Senora de Luz Church and Cemetery (Our Lady of Light Catholic Church; Canoncito Church) is a historic church building 13 miles southeast of Santa Fe, north of Interstate 25 frontage road in Canoncito, New Mexico.  It was built in 1880 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

It is a small, one-story, adobe chapel.  It has also been known as Our Lady of Light Catholic Church and as Canoncito Church.

Adobe
Adobe (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; Spanish: [aˈðoβe]; via Spanish, from Arabic  الطّوب (at-tūb)) is a building material made from loam and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 BP.
Khvilisha Church
Khvilisha Church is an 8th- or, more likely, 9th-century Georgian Orthodox church located along the southern outskirts and side of the main road through the village of Aspindza in the Aspindza Municipality and Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia. The church was renovated in the 1970s, where collapsed portions of upper walls and a missing vault were reconstructed.

Aspindza
Aspindza (Georgian: ასპინძა [äs̪pʼin̪d̪͡z̪ä]) is a daba ("small town") in southern Georgia's region of Samtskhe-Javakheti with a population of 2,793 (2014 census), mostly ethnic Georgians. It is located at around 41°34′26″N 43°15′22″E﻿ / ﻿41.57389°N 43.25611°E﻿ / 41.57389; 43.25611.
Leningradsky (inhabited locality)
Leningradsky (Russian: Ленингра́дский; masculine), Leningradskaya (Ленингра́дская; feminine), or Leningradskoye (Ленингра́дское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Leningradsky, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, an urban-type settlement in Iultinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Rural localities

Leningradsky, Kemerovo Oblast, a settlement in Beregovaya Rural Territory of Kemerovsky District of Kemerovo Oblast

Leningradsky, Novosibirsk Oblast, a settlement in Krasnozyorsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Leningradsky, Samara Oblast, a settlement in Alexeyevsky District of Samara Oblast

Leningradsky, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Anokhinskoye Rural Settlement of Talovsky District of Voronezh Oblast

Leningradskaya (rural locality), a stanitsa in Leningradsky Rural Okrug of Leningradsky District of Krasnodar Krai

Talovsky District
Talovsky District  (Russian: Та́ловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeastern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,910 square kilometers (740 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Talovaya. Population: 35,173 (2021 Census); 42,603 (2010 Census); 47,221 (2002 Census); 51,278 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Talovaya accounts for 31.7% of the district's total population.

The Russian Federal Nature Preserve Kamennaya Steppe is located in Talovsky District.
Soccer Québec
Soccer Québec (formerly (French: Fédération Québécoise de Soccer FQS) or the Quebec Soccer Federation (QSF)) is the governing body for soccer in the Canadian province of Quebec. The QSF is one of thirteen provincial and territorial federations members of the Canadian Soccer Association. It is headquartered in Laval.

This federation was founded in 1911 and adopted its current name in 2000.

Laval, Quebec
Laval is a city in Quebec, Canada. It is in the southwest of the province, north of Montreal. It is the largest suburb of Montreal, the third-largest city in the province after Montreal and Quebec City, and the thirteenth largest city in Canada, with a population of 443,192 in 2021.

Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles, and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies. Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval.

Laval constitutes one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec, with a region code of 13, as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) with geographical code 65. It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval. It is the smallest administrative region in the province by area.
Kundert (surname)
Kundert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Kundert (1920–2013), American politician

Andreas Kundert (born 1984), Swiss hurdler

František Kundert (1891–1957), Czech cyclist

Gust Kundert (1913–2000), American politician

Otto Kundert (1888–1950), American politician

Alice Kundert
Alice Kundert (July 23, 1920 – June 10, 2013) was an American politician. A Republican from South Dakota, she ascended to the top echelon of that state's politics.

From Mound City, South Dakota, she went to Northern State University and taught school. Kundert served as Auditor of the State of South Dakota from 1969 to 1978 and Secretary of State of South Dakota from 1979 to 1986.

In 1986, Kundert entered the race for the Republican nomination for governor. Her entry into the race marked only the second time that a woman had run for the GOP nomination. Facing what has been described as a "loaded field," she came in fourth, winning just 13.8 percent of the vote.

After he loss in the gubernatorial primary, Kundert served in the South Dakota House of Representatives 1991–1994. She also served in various offices in Campbell County, South Dakota. Her father Otto Kundert and her brother Gust Kundert also served in the South Dakota House of Representatives.
Judson C. Clements
Judson Claudius Clements (February 12, 1846 – June 18, 1917) was a U.S. Representative from Georgia.  For a quarter century a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission, Clements served one year as its chairman.  Clements had served as a soldier in the Confederate States Army.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
Mordechai E. Kreinin
Mordechai Eliahu "Max" Kreinin (Hebrew: מרדכי אליהו קרינין; 20 January 1930 – 9 February 2018) was an Israeli-born American economist who was University Distinguished Professor of Economics at Michigan State until 2014.

He was born in Rishon LeZion to parents Avraham and Joheved Kreinin. He attended Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium, received a bachelor's degree from the University of Tel Aviv, and earned a doctorate in economics from University of Michigan. He began teaching at Michigan State University in 1957. Over the course of his career, Kreinin helped develop the Finger-Kreinin index to measure the similarity of exports between nations and served as president of the International Trade and Finance Association.

Kreinin died at the age of 88 on 9 February 2018.

Rishon LeZion
31°57′N 34°48′E﻿ / ﻿31.950°N 34.800°E﻿ / 31.950; 34.800

Rishon LeZion (Hebrew: רִאשׁוֹן לְצִיּוֹן (audio)ⓘ, lit. "First to Zion") is a city in Israel, located along the central Israeli coastal plain eight kilometres (5 mi) south of Tel Aviv. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area. With a population of 258,680 as of 2023, Rishon LeZion is the fifth-largest city in Israel.

Founded in 1882 by Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire who were part of the First Aliyah, it was the first settlement founded in Israel by the New Yishuv and the second Jewish farm settlement established in Ottoman Syria in the 19th century, after Petah Tikva.

The city is a member of Forum 15, which is an association of fiscally autonomous cities in Israel that do not depend on national balancing or development grants.
Cumnor Hill
Cumnor Hill is a hill in the civil parish of Cumnor, to the west of (but not within) the city of Oxford, in the English county of Oxfordshire. In 1974 it was transferred from Berkshire. It is also the name of the ribbon development between the original Cumnor village and Botley, outside the ring road on the outskirts of Oxford.

The road up Cumnor Hill was the original route of the A420 between Oxford and Swindon, until the Cumnor Hill by-pass was built in the 1970s. The road is now unclassified.

At the top of Cumnor Hill is the hamlet of Chawley, where the Kimmeridge Clay is close to the surface. There were brickworks there until 1937.

Kimmeridge Clay
The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.
Libor Malina
Libor Malina (born 14 June 1973 in Kladno) is a Czech discus thrower. His personal best throw is 67.13 metres, achieved in July 2001 in Jablonec.

He finished fifth at the 1992 World Junior Championships. He then competed at three World Championships (1997, 1999 and 2003) as well as the 2000 Summer Olympics before reaching an international final, as he finished tenth at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Jablonec nad Nisou
Jablonec nad Nisou ([ˈjablonɛts ˈnad ɲɪsou] ⓘ; German: Gablonz an der Neiße) is a city in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 46,000 inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region. It is a local centre for education, and is known for its glass and jewelry production, especially for bijou. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Islam in Uzbekistan
Islam is the dominant religion in Uzbekistan. Islamic customs were broadly adopted by the ruling elite, and they began patronage of scholars and conquerors such as Muhammad al-Bukhari, Al-Tirmidhi, Ismail Samani, al-Biruni, Avicenna, Tamerlane, Ulugh Begh, and Babur. Despite its predominance and history, the practice of Islam has been far from monolithic since the establishment of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic.

The Muslim Board of Uzbekistan holds the Mushaf Othmani, the earliest existing copy of the Quran.

Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.

Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.

On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.

Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.
Mary Georgina Filmer
Lady Mary Georgina Filmer (née Cecil, 4 April 1838 – 17 March 1903) was an early proponent of the art of photographic collage.

A Victorian socialite, Lady Filmer produced several albums consisting of watercolour scenes decorated with photomontages. One of her works (from the so-called Filmer Album) depicts a drawing room, painted in watercolour, in which she has added photographic cut-outs from albumen silver prints. She positions herself next to a large figure of the Prince of Wales, with whom she was known to flirt. Her albums and glue pot are set out on a large table beside her. Much smaller, Sir Edmund Filmer, her husband, is seated next to a pet dog. In 2010, the work was included in an exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago, which traveled to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, titled "Playing With Pictures: The Art of Victorian Photocollage".

Photomontage
Photomontage is the process and the result of making a composite photograph by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image. Sometimes the resulting composite image is photographed so that the final image may appear as a seamless physical print. A similar method, although one that does not use film, is realized today through image-editing software. This latter technique is referred to by professionals as "compositing", and in casual usage is often called "photoshopping" (from the name of the popular software system). A composite of related photographs to extend a view of a single scene or subject would not be labeled as a montage, but instead a stitched image or a digital image mosaic.
Sūfuku-ji (Ōtsu)
The Sūfuku-ji temple ruins (崇福寺跡, Sūfuku ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a late Asuka through Muromachi period Buddhist temple located in the Shigasato neighborhood of the city of  Ōtsu,Shiga Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1941, and some of the artifacts recovered from the site are collectively designated as a National Treasure.

Roof tiles
Roof tiles are overlapping tiles designed mainly to keep out precipitation such as rain or snow, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as clay or slate. Later tiles have been made from materials such as concrete, glass, and plastic.

Roof tiles can be affixed by screws or nails, but in some cases historic designs utilize interlocking systems that are self-supporting. Tiles typically cover an underlayment system, which seals the roof against water intrusion.
John Mulcahy (rower)
John Joseph Francis Mulcahy (July 20, 1876 – November 19, 1942) was the winner of the 1904 Olympic double scull event with his partner William Varley. The duo also won the silver medal in the pair without coxswain event. Mulcahy was one of the most accomplished rowers to come from the New York City area and served as president of the Atalanta Boat Club (established in 1848) on New York City's Harlem River. He graduated from Fordham University in 1894 and established Fordham's first rowing team in 1915. He was inducted into the National Rowing Hall of Fame in 1956 and the Fordham University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1991.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Vladislav Davidzon
Vladislav Grigorievich Davidzon (born 7 March 1987) is an artist, writer, editor and publisher, film producer best known for his journalism and chronicling on post-Soviet politics with an emphasis on cultural affairs. Davidzon is the former publisher and editor-in-chief of The Odessa Review, an anglophone publication that focused on the cultural life of Odesa, Ukraine. Davidzon is a nonresident fellow with the Atlantic Council at the Eurasia Center and is the author of From Odessa with Love, a novel about modern Odesa. He is known for his daily practice of keeping an artistic  daybook/diary and also for his work as a collage artist.
In March 2022 he burned his Russian passport in front of the Russian embassy in Paris with former Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves holding the lighter.

Toomas Hendrik Ilves
Toomas Hendrik Ilves (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈtoːmɑs ˈhendrik ˈilves]; born 26 December 1953) is an Estonian politician who served as the fourth president of Estonia from 2006 until 2016.

Ilves worked as a diplomat and journalist, and he was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the 1990s. He served in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 1998 and again from 1999 to 2002. Later, he was a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2006. He was elected as President of Estonia by an electoral college on 23 September 2006 and his term as President began on 9 October 2006. He was reelected by Parliament in 2011.

On 1 May 2025, Ilves announced that he had "broken with my promise to avoid all party politics" and joined Volt Europa.
1868 Pontefract by-election
The 1868 Pontefract by-election was held on 21 December 1868.  The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, Hugh Childers, becoming First Lord of the Admiralty.  It was retained by Childers who was unopposed.

First Lord of the Admiralty
First Lord of the Admiralty, or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, was the title of the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy. He was the government's senior adviser on all naval affairs, responsible for the direction and control of the Admiralty, and also of general administration of the Naval Service of the Kingdom of England, Great Britain in the 18th century, and then the United Kingdom, including the Royal Navy, the Royal Marines, and other services. It was one of the earliest known permanent government posts. Apart from being the political head of the Naval Service the post holder was simultaneously the pre-eminent member of the Board of Admiralty. The office of First Lord of the Admiralty existed from 1628 until it was abolished when the Admiralty, Air Ministry, Ministry of Defence and War Office were all merged to form the new Ministry of Defence in 1964. Its modern-day equivalent is the Secretary of State for Defence.