hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Acid catalysis
In acid catalysis and base catalysis, a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base. By Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, the acid is the proton (hydrogen ion, H+) donor and the base is the proton acceptor. Typical reactions catalyzed by proton transfer are esterifications and aldol reactions. In these reactions, the conjugate acid of the carbonyl group is a better electrophile than the neutral carbonyl group itself. Depending on the chemical species that act as the acid or base, catalytic mechanisms can be classified as either specific catalysis and general catalysis. Many enzymes operate by general catalysis.

Carbonyl group
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.

The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl).

The remainder of this article concerns itself with the organic chemistry definition of carbonyl, such that carbon and oxygen share a double bond.
Vasileiou
Vasileiou or Vas[s]iliou (Greek: Βασιλείου) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandros Vasileiou (1760–1818), Greek merchant and scholar

Alexia Vassiliou (born 1964), Cypriot singer and musician

Androulla Vassiliou (born 1943), Cypriot politician

Eleni Vasileiou (born 1974), Greek basketball player

George Vasiliou (1931–2026), Cypriot politician, President of Cyprus (1988–1993)

Giorgos Vasiliou (1950–2016), Greek actor

Giorgos Vasiliou (footballer) (born 1984), Cypriot footballer

Mari Vasileiou (born 1990), Cypriot beauty pageant winner

Maria Vassiliou (1950–1989), Cypriot actress

Marius Vassiliou (born 1957), American geophysicist

Markos Vassiliou (born 1983), Greek musician

Michael Vasileiou, Greek merchant

Nikos Vasiliou (born 1977), Greek footballer

Panagiotis Vasiliou (born 1961), Greek squash champion

Spyros Vassiliou (1902–1985), Greek painter

Stylianos Vasileiou (born 1991), Greek footballer

Marius Vassiliou
Marius Vassiliou (born 1957) is an American computational scientist, geophysicist,  and aerospace executive.  He is also an authority on the history of petroleum. Vassiliou is of Greek Cypriot descent and was educated at Harvard University and the California Institute of Technology (PhD).
2016 Wimbledon Championships – Senior gentlemen's invitation doubles
Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde defeated the defending champions Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis in the final, 6–2, 7–5 to win the senior gentlemen's invitation doubles tennis title at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships.

Jacco Eltingh
Jacco Folkert Eltingh (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjɑkoː ˈɛltɪŋ]; born 29 August 1970) is a former professional male tennis player and former world No. 1 doubles player from the Netherlands.

He is best known for his success in doubles with fellow countryman Paul Haarhuis. Together they won all four Grand Slam doubles titles at least once. Eltingh is the youngest player in the Open Era to achieve the career Grand Slam in men's doubles.

Eltingh reached his career-high singles ranking in February 1995, when he climbed to world No. 19, notably reaching the quarterfinals of both the Australian Open and Wimbledon in 1995. In his professional career he has won four singles and 44 doubles titles.

In November 2005, Eltingh was elected to the ATP Board as the player representative for Europe.
Fibular aplasia-ectrodactyly syndrome
Fibular aplasia-ectrodactyly syndrome (or other synonyms such as brachydactyly-ectrodactyly with fibular aplasia or hypoplasia) is a very rare genetic condition which is characterized by the absence (aplasia) or underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the fibula (calf bone, long bone lateral to the tibia), ectrodactyly (split hand/foot malformation), and/or brachydactyly (shortened digits) or syndactyly (fusion of digits). Additional symptoms may include shortness of the femur and tibial/knee/hip/ankle defects. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a single copy of the altered gene inherited from one parent is sufficient to cause the condition.

Syndactyly
Syndactyly is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some metatherian mammals, but is an unusual condition in humans. The term is from Ancient Greek  σύν (syn) 'together' and  δάκτυλος (daktulos) 'finger'.
Human rights abuses of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985)
The systemic human rights abuses of the military dictatorship in Brazil from 1964 to 1985 included extrajudicial killings, forced disappearances, torture, arbitrary detention, and severe restrictions on freedom of speech. Human Rights Watch has described the human rights abuses of the military dictatorship in Brazil as crimes against humanity.

The Brazilian government's Institutional Act 5 of December 13, 1968, which suspended habeas corpus and constitutional protections and led to the institutionalization of torture as a tool by the state, brought on a period of state violence and repression. As James Petras argued, the military dictatorship's institutionalization of violence and systemic use of terror were fundamental to its short-lived "economic miracle".

James Petras
James Petras (17 January 1937 – 17 January 2026) was an American sociologist and academic who was the Bartle Professor (Emeritus) of Sociology at Binghamton University in Binghamton, New York, and adjunct professor at Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He published on political issues with particular focus on Latin America and the Middle East, imperialism, globalization, and leftist social movements.
Madone
Madone (Bergamasque: Madù) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Milan and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,501 and an area of 3.0 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi).

Madone borders the following municipalities: Bonate Sotto, Bottanuco, Chignolo d'Isola, Filago.

Bonate Sotto
Bonate Sotto (Bergamasque: Bunàt Sóta) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Bergamo in the Isola bergamasca.

Outside the town are the remains of the Romanesque Basilica di Santa Giulia.
HMS Polsham
HMS Polsham was one of 93 ships of the Ham-class of inshore minesweepers.

Their names were chosen from villages ending in -ham. The minesweeper was named after Polsham in Somerset.

HMS Polsham was sold in February 1967 to the Port of London Authority who converted the vessel into a hydrographic survey ship, operated out of the Thames Navigation Service centre at Gravesend, Kent. She was renamed the MV Maplin. It is understood that she no longer operates in this capacity, but her fate is unknown.

Port of London Authority
The Port of London Authority (PLA) is a self-funding public trust established on 31 March 1909 in accordance with the Port of London Act 1908 to govern the Port of London. Its responsibility extends over the Tideway of the River Thames and its continuation (the Kent/Essex strait). It maintains and supervises navigation, and protects the river's environment.
KRI Sutanto
KRI Sutanto (377) is a Kapitan Patimura-class corvette currently operated by the Indonesian Navy. Before her service in Indonesia, ship was part of the East German Volksmarine, as Prenzlau / Wismar (241).

Peene-Werft
54°02′57″N 13°46′51″E﻿ / ﻿54.0491667°N 13.7808333°E﻿ / 54.0491667; 13.7808333

Peene-Werft is a German shipyard with headquarter and shipbuilding facilities in Wolgast. It had been part of the Bremen Lürssen Group since May 2013 until 2025, when was sold to Rheinmetall.
Angel One
"Angel One" is the fourteenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. It was first broadcast on January 25, 1988, in the United States in broadcast syndication. It was written by Patrick Barry and was directed by Michael Ray Rhodes.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D). In this episode, an away team visits a world dominated by women to search for survivors of a downed freighter, while the crew of the Enterprise suffer from the effects of a debilitating virus.

The episode was intended to be commentary on apartheid in South Africa, using gender role reversal. However, there were problems between the cast and director during filming, and Patrick Stewart sought to have the sexist nature of the episode changed. The resulting episode was not well liked by members of the production team, and the response from reviewers was negative.

USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D), or Enterprise-D, to distinguish it as the fifth Federation vessel with the same name, is a fictional starship in the Star Trek media franchise. Under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, it is the main setting of Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994) and the film Star Trek Generations (1994). It has also been depicted in various spinoffs, films, books, and licensed products.

The Next Generation occurs in the 24th century, beginning 94 years after the adventures in the original Star Trek (1966–1969). Andrew Probert's Enterprise-D updates Matt Jefferies' iconic 1960s Enterprise design, depicting a ship supporting a larger crew on a longer mission "to boldly go where no one has gone before."
Cozma
Cozma is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Miron Cozma (born 1943), Romanian labor union organizer

Ionela Cozma, Romanian swimmer

Marian Cozma (1982–2009), Romanian handball player

Valentina Cozma, Romanian handball player

Miron Cozma
Miron Cozma (born August 25, 1954) is a former Romanian labor-union organizer and politician, and leader of Romania's Jiu Valley coal miners' union. He is best known for his leading the miners of the Jiu Valley during the September 1991 Mineriad which overthrew the reformist Petre Roman government. Cozma was a controversial character in the 1990s, both within and outside of Jiu Valley.

In 2011, he re-entered in politics and founded Worker's Social Democratic Party, after he was vicepresident of the Greater Romania Party during the 1990s.
Verkhny Togokh
Verkhny Togokh (Russian: Верхний Тогох) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shamilsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 174 (2021 Census); 172 (2002 Census); 90 (1989 Soviet census). There is 1 street in this selo.

Shamilsky District
Shamilsky District (Russian: Шамильский райо́н; Avar: Шамилил мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the republic. The area of the district is 920 square kilometers (360 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Khebda. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,122, with the population of Khebda accounting for 9.1% of that number.
Mausoleum of Glanum
The Mausoleum of Glanum is a Gallo-Roman monument erected between 30 and 20 BC, located south of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France. It stands outside the pomerium of the city of Glanum, which is now an archaeological site. it is in an exceptional state of conservation, one of the best preserved Roman structures in the world.

The monument bears a Latin inscription:

SEX(tus) M(arcus) L(ucius) IVLIEI C(aii) •F(ilii) PARENTIBVS SVEIS

It has been interpreted as a cenotaph erected in memory of a man of the Julii family, who would have been granted citizenship and his name by Julius Caesar for his service in the Roman army, following the conquest of Gaul. Henri Rolland, left to suggest that it was a mausoleum dedicated to the memory of Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar, grandsons of the emperor Augustus.

Lucius Caesar
Lucius Caesar (17 BC – 20 August 2 AD) was a grandson of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. The son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, Augustus' only daughter, Lucius was adopted by his grandfather along with his older brother, Gaius Caesar. As the emperor's adopted sons and joint-heirs to the Roman Empire, Lucius and Gaius had promising political and military careers. However, Lucius died of a sudden illness on 20 August 2 AD, in Massilia, Gaul, while traveling to meet the Roman army in Hispania. His brother Gaius also died at a relatively young age on 21 February 4 AD. The untimely loss of both heirs compelled Augustus to redraw the line of succession by adopting Lucius' younger brother, Agrippa Postumus as well as his stepson, Tiberius on 26 June 4 AD.
2020 General Tire AnywhereIsPossible 200
The 2020 General Tire #AnywhereIsPossible 200 was the fourth stock car race of the 2020 ARCA Menards Series and the 36th iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, June 26, 2020, in Long Pond, Pennsylvania, at Pocono Raceway, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) triangular permanent course. The race took the scheduled 80 laps to complete. At race's end, Ty Gibbs of Joe Gibbs Racing would lead a dominant race to win his third career ARCA Menards Series win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Chandler Smith of Venturini Motorsports and Sam Mayer of GMS Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

2020 ARCA Menards Series
The 2020 ARCA Menards Series season was the 68th season of the ARCA Menards Series. It began on February 8 with the Lucas Oil 200 at Daytona International Speedway and ended on October 16 with the Speediatrics 150 at Kansas Speedway. 2020 was the first season that the series was sanctioned by NASCAR.

Bret Holmes won the drivers championship, his first ARCA title.

When the season was put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic, drivers from all NASCAR series, including a few ARCA drivers, participated in the inaugural eNASCAR iRacing Pro Invitational Series during that time.
Anne Consigny
Anne Consigny (French pronunciation: [an kɔ̃siɲi]; born 25 May 1963) is a French actress who has been active since 1981. She received a César Award nomination for Best Actress for her role in the film Not Here to Be Loved (2005). She is also known for her role as Claude in the 2007 drama The Diving Bell and the Butterfly and as Elizabeth in the 2008 film A Christmas Tale, for which she was nominated for the César Award for Best Supporting Actress.

The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (film)
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (French: Le Scaphandre et le Papillon) is a 2007 biographical drama film directed by Julian Schnabel and written by Ronald Harwood. Based on Jean-Dominique Bauby's 1997 memoir, the film depicts Bauby's life after he suffered a massive stroke that left him with a condition known as locked-in syndrome. Bauby is played by Mathieu Amalric.

The Diving Bell and the Butterfly won awards at the Cannes Film Festival, the Golden Globes, the BAFTAs, and the César Awards, and received four Oscar nominations. Several critics later listed it as one of the best films of its decade. It ranks in BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century.
Pedro Salvatori
Pedro Salvatori (22 November 1933 – 24 March 2017) was an Argentine politician and member of the Neuquén People's Movement, a regional party based in his home Neuquén Province. He served as the Governor of Neuquén Province from 1987 to 1991, as well as the de facto Governor of Neuquén briefly from 1972 to 1973 during the military rule.

Salvatori died of respiratory failure at the Policlínico Neuquen hospital in the city of Neuquén on 24 March 2017, at the age of 83. His death was announced on Twitter by the current Governor of Neuquén Province, Omar Gutiérrez, who declared two days of official mourning. He was buried in the Central Cemetery in Neuquén.

Neuquén Province
Neuquén (Spanish pronunciation: [newˈken]) is a province of Argentina, located in the west of the country, at the northern end of Patagonia. It borders Mendoza Province to the north, Rio Negro Province to the southeast, and Chile to the west. It also meets La Pampa Province at its northeast corner.
Sakman Maluwa
Sakman Maluwa (Pleasure Garden) (Sinhala: සක්මන් මළුව) is a 2003 Sri Lankan Sinhala drama film directed by Sumitra Peries and produced by Ceylon Theatres, the oldest cinema production company in Asia. It stars Sanath Gunathilake, Kanchana Mendis and newcomer Dinidu Jagoda in lead roles along with Iranganie Serasinghe and Daya Tennakoon. Music composed by W. D. Amaradeva. The film received mostly positive reviews from critics. It is the 1023rd Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

Initially titled as Samanala Uyana by director, popular poet Arisen Ahubudu found that the name was inauspicious. In December 2003, a book titled “Lankeeya Cinemawe Sakman Maluwa” was published by young film critique, Ajith Galappaththi on the film to celebrate 75th anniversary of Ceylon Theatres. The film was screened at Fukoka International Film Festival, Japan in 2004.

Arisen Ahubudu
Kalasuri Arisen Ahubudu (Sinhala: අරිසෙන් අහුබුදු; 18 March 1920 – 26 May 2011) was a Sri Lankan writer, orator, scholar, playwright, teacher (Guru), Sinhala lyricist, author and poet. He is a member of the Hela Havula. He has received three government awards for literary works, the title of Kalasuri from the Government of Sri Lanka, and the Sarasaviya Awards film award for best composer. As a composer, he is especially noted for writing music performed by W.D. Amaradeva, such as Gilem Obe Guna.
James Alexander Brennan
James Alexander Brennan (November 18, 1885 – August 24, 1956) was an American songwriter.    Sometimes identified as Jas. H. Brennan, he collaborated with lyricist Jack Caddigan (1879–1952) on several songs published by Leo Feist and Oliver E. Story.   One of his more popular songs was "Little Red School House" which he wrote with Al Wilson in 1922.  It was originally sung by the American Quartet and also by The Happiness Boys, Billy Jones and Ernest Hare.  Brenda Lee sang it twice on TV, once at the age of 10 with Red Foley and later at 16 with Perry Como.

Red Foley
Clyde Julian "Red" Foley (June 17, 1910 – September 19, 1968) was an American musician who made a major contribution to the growth of country music after World War II. For more than two decades, Foley was one of the biggest stars of the genre, selling more than 25 million records. His 1951 hit, "Peace in the Valley", was among the first million-selling gospel records. A Grand Ole Opry veteran until his death, Foley also hosted the first popular country music series on network television, Ozark Jubilee, from 1955 to 1960.

He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame, which called him "one of the most versatile and moving performers of all time" and "a giant influence during the formative years of contemporary country music."
San Antonio de Padua del Quemado Chapel
The San Antonio de Padua del Quemado Chapel in Cordova, New Mexico was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

It is an L-shaped building made of adobe bricks, built in 1832 to serve the village of Cordova.

It is located off New Mexico State Road 76.

New Mexico State Road 76
State Road 76 (NM 76) is a state highway in the US state of New Mexico. Its total length is approximately 29.8 miles (48.0 km). NM 76's western terminus is at NM 68 in Santa Cruz  and the eastern terminus is in Picuris Pueblo at NM 75.
Lanivet, Blisland and Bodmin St Lawrence (electoral division)
Lanivet, Blisland and Bodmin St Lawrence is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. It was created at the 2021 local elections, being created from the former division of Lanivet and Blisland. The current councillor is Jennifer Cruse, a member of the Conservative Party.

Helland
Helland (Cornish: Hellann) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) north of Bodmin. The meaning of the name Helland is unclear: it is possible that the origin is in Cornish hen & lan (i.e. old church). The original dedication of the church is unknown but St Helena is now recognised as the patron.

The village is referred to in the Domesday Book as Henland. It was only valued at 10 shillings and only five households are recorded, with one virgate of arable land, 4 acres (16,000 m2) of woodland and 20 of pasture.

Grade II listed Helland Bridge, built in the early 15th century crosses over the River Camel here.

Lancarffe is a house probably built in the 17th century which is a Grade II* listed building (at Grid ref. SX0825268948).

The parish has 2,483 acres (10.05 km2) of land.
Victor L. Tomseth
Victor L. Tomseth (born April 14, 1941) is a former American diplomat and U.S. Ambassador (1993–1996) to Laos. He was Deputy Chief of Mission in Tehran, Iran and was among the Americans taken hostage by the Iranians from 1979 to 1981.

Deputy chief of mission
A deputy chief of mission (DCM, in Europe the term deputy head of mission – DHoM or DHM is used instead) is the number-two diplomat assigned to an embassy or other diplomatic mission. The deputy chief of mission is usually considered the second-in-command to the head of mission (usually an ambassador). DCMs serve as chargé d'affaires (that is, as acting chief of mission) when the titular head of mission is outside the host country or when the post is vacant.

A DCM typically serves as a key advisor to the chiefs of mission as well as a chief of staff, and is responsible for the day-to-day management of the post. A DCM oversees the heads of sections (political, economic, public affairs, management, consular) at the embassy. They may also serve as de facto ombudsmen, responding to employee concerns and quality of life issues. Most career ambassadors have served as a DCM prior to their first assignment as chief of mission.
Myoporum bateae
Myoporum bateae is a flowering plant in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the south coast of New South Wales. It is a sweet-smelling glabrous shrub. Although it is sometimes used as an ornamental it is rare in nature, although not endangered at present.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.