hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mango Meadows
Mango Meadows is an agricultural theme park in Kaduthuruthy, Kerala, India. With more than 4800 species of plants, including 1900 species of medicinal plants, 700 species of trees, and 900 species of flowering plants, it is one of the most biodiverse places on earth. Rare species like the Ficus alii tree or Ficus maclellandii, Beggar’s bowl or Calabash, Camphor tree or Cinnamomum camphora, Damas tree or Conocarpus lancifolius, Kattupoovarash or Rhododendron arboreum, Rudraksha or Elaeocarpus ganitrus are present in the park.

The main attractions in the park are the Eden Garden, Nakshatra Vriksha junction, valentine garden, domestic animal farm, tea garden, telescope tower, Meenoottu palam and vegetable farm. The park also houses the world's tallest statue of Parashurama, measuring about 35 ft, as well as the biggest Bible statue, with a measurement of 25 ft by 25 ft.

N K Kurian is the founder and visionary behind the Mango Meadows a Gulf-returnee.

Conocarpus lancifolius
Conocarpus lancifolius, one of two species in the genus Conocarpus, is a tree in the family Combretaceae native to coastal and riverine areas of Somalia, Djibouti, and Yemen. It is found throughout the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and South Asia.

The tree has no common name in English. In Somali, it is called qalab or dhamas; in Arabic, the name is damas. It is also commonly found in residential compounds in Dubai.
Tudrus
Tudrus (flourished in 1st century AD) was a ruler of the Quadi, a Germanic tribe, in the 1st century AD. He was a contemporary of Maroboduus of the Marcomanni. Like Maroboduus, Tudrus established a dynasty which ruled his people for many years after his death. Many of these rulers received financial and military support from the Roman Empire.

Maroboduus
Maroboduus (d. AD 37), also known as Marbod, was a king of the Marcomanni, who were a Germanic Suebian people. He spent part of his youth in Rome, and returning, found his people under pressure from invasions by the Roman Empire between the Rhine and Elbe. He led them into the forests of Bohemia, near to the Quadi who already lived nearby, and established a large alliance.
De Adam Khan
Adamkhan is a community in Helmand Province, Afghanistan.
It is about two kilometers east of Ghereshk, the capital of Ghereshk District.

In June 2007 it was reported that De Adam Khan was hit by NATO air strikes intended to hit Taliban fighters. Local inhabitants said that the air strikes killed civilians, including nine women and three children.

Grishk District
Grishk District (Pashto: ګرشک ولسوالۍ) (population 114,200), also called Nahri Saraj District (نهر سراج ولسوالۍ), is a district in Helmand Province in southern Afghanistan. Its principal municipality is Grishk (population 48,546). Grishk Dam is located in the district.
Mississippi State Bulldogs men's basketball
The Mississippi State Bulldogs men's basketball program represents Mississippi State University near Starkville, Mississippi in NCAA Division I men's basketball. The Bulldogs play in the Southeastern Conference. Mississippi State has qualified for the NCAA tournament 13 times and most recently in 2024. The Bulldogs best finish in the NCAA tournament came in 1996 when they advanced to the Final Four. On March 20, 2022, Mississippi State named former New Mexico State head coach Chris Jans as its 21st head basketball coach.

Erick Dampier
Erick Travez Dampier (born July 14, 1975) is an American former professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Indiana Pacers, Golden State Warriors, Dallas Mavericks, Miami Heat and Atlanta Hawks. He was a 6 ft 11 in / 265 lb. center.
Stanisław Radziszowski
Stanisław P. Radziszowski (born June 7, 1953) is a Polish-American mathematician and computer scientist, best known for his work in Ramsey theory.

Radziszowski was born in Gdańsk, Poland, and received his PhD from the Institute of Informatics of the University of Warsaw in 1980. His thesis topic was "Logic and Complexity of Synchronous Parallel Computations". From 1976 to 1980 he worked as a visiting professor in various universities in Mexico City. In 1984, he moved to the United States, where he took up a position in the Department of Computer Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

Radziszowski has published many papers in graph theory, Ramsey theory, block designs, number theory and computational complexity.

In a 1995 paper with Brendan McKay he determined the Ramsey number R(4,5)=25. His survey of Ramsey numbers, last updated in June 2024, is a standard reference on the subject and published at the Electronic Journal of Combinatorics.

Block design
In combinatorial mathematics, a block design is an incidence structure consisting of a set together with a family of subsets known as blocks, chosen such that number of occurrences of each element satisfies certain conditions making the collection of blocks exhibit symmetry (balance). Block designs have applications in many areas, including experimental design, finite geometry, physical chemistry, software testing, cryptography, and algebraic geometry.

Without further specifications the term block design usually refers to a balanced incomplete block design (BIBD), specifically (and also synonymously) a 2-design, which has been the most intensely studied type historically due to its application in the design of experiments. Its generalization is known as a t-design.
Chiloglanis orthodontus
Chiloglanis orthodontus is a species of upside-down catfish that occurs in several greatly separated sites in the lower Malagarasi River in Tanzania, and is likely endemic to the basin. This species grows to a length of 2.9 centimetres (1.1 in) SL.

Malagarasi River
The Malagarasi River is a river in western Tanzania, flowing through Kigoma Region, although one of its tributaries comes from southeastern Burundi. The river also forms the western border of Tabora Region, the southern border of Kagera Region and the southwestern border of Geita Region. It is the second-longest river in Tanzania behind the Rufiji—Great Ruaha, and has the largest watershed of any river flowing into Lake Tanganyika. The Malagarasi-Muyovozi Wetlands are a designated a Ramsar site. Local tribes have nicknamed the Malagarasi as "the river of bad spirits".
George A. J. Webb
George Alfred John Webb (1861 – 16 August 1949) was an English painter who had a considerable career in Australia painting portraits of South Australian and Victorian public figures. In correspondence, he signed his name "George A. J. Webb"; many of his paintings, but not all, were signed simply "WEBB".

Richard Chaffey Baker
Sir Richard Chaffey Baker KCMG KC (22 June 1842 – 18 March 1911) was an Australian politician. A barrister by trade, he embarked on a successful career in South Australian colonial politics, serving as Attorney-General of South Australia from 1870 to 1871 and President of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1893 to 1901 before switching to federal politics after federation. He served as the inaugural President of the Australian Senate from 1901 to 1906. A noted federalist, he was the son of one-time Premier of South Australia John Baker.
Gyrosigma
Gyrosigma is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Pleurosigmataceae.

The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.

Like other diatoms, Gyrosigma has a siliceous cell wall called a frustule. The frustule is composed of two sections called valves, with one valve fitting inside the other valve similar to the two halves of a Petri dish. Gyrosigma has valves with a central slit called a raphe, a structure that allows movement of these diatoms.

The valves of Gyrosigma are sigmoid in outline, as well as the raphe. Striations could be parallel or perpendicular to the raphe. This contrasts to a similar genus Pleurosigma, which has striations that lie diagonally to the raphe.

Pleurosigma
Pleurosigma is a genus of widely distributed diatoms found abundantly in brackish to marine waters. It is a group of primarily pelagic or benthic species found in large populations on sediments, although some species are also found in planktonic samples.
Operation Blockbuster
Operation Blockbuster was the completion of the larger Operation Veritable by the First Canadian Army, reinforced by the XXX Corps from the British Second Army from late February to early March, 1945. Veritable had been slower and more costly than expected and the Canadian commander, General Harry Crerar, had decided on a fresh start for the operation. Three British and Canadian divisions advanced south-eastwards, capturing unprepared German positions in the Hochwald forested ridge, before advancing on Xanten. They linked up with the Ninth US Army at Berendonk, near Geldern on 3 March.

Geldern
Geldern (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɛldɐn] ⓘ; Dutch: Gelre, Gelder, Gelderen; archaic English: Guelder(s)) is a city in the federal German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of the district of Kleve, which is part of the Düsseldorf
administrative region. The nearby Dutch province of Gelderland is named after this city.
Kathleen Unger
Kathleen Unger is an American attorney who serves as the founder, past president and chair of VoteRiders, a nonprofit organization specializing in voter education and assistance in obtaining voter identification. Ms. magazine described her as "one of the leading experts and legal minds when it comes to election protection".

From 2010 to 2023, Unger was of counsel to the law firm of Freeman Freeman & Smiley LLP. Unger served as president (for two years) and board member (for ten years) of the Scott Newman Foundation and Center alongside its chairman, Paul Newman. She was also CEO of the Starbright Foundation, chaired by Steven Spielberg.

Scott Newman (actor)
Alan Scott Newman (September 23, 1950 – November 20, 1978) was an American actor and stuntman whose most prominent roles were in The Towering Inferno and Breakheart Pass. He was the only son and the eldest child of actor Paul Newman. After Scott Newman's death from a drug overdose in 1978,  his father established the Scott Newman Center, which is dedicated to preventing drug abuse through education.
Gros Ventre River
The Gros Ventre River (pronounced GROW-VAUNT) is a 74.6-mile-long (120.1 km) tributary of the Snake River in the state of Wyoming, USA. During its short course, the river flows to the east, north, west, then southwest. It rises in the Gros Ventre Wilderness in western Wyoming, and joins the Snake River in the Jackson Hole valley.  In 1925, the massive Gros Ventre landslide dammed the river and formed Lower Slide Lake.  The natural dam collapsed in 1927, flooding the downstream town of Kelly, Wyoming.  The river is noted for the excellent trout fishing along its length, where native Snake River Fine-spotted Cutthroat Trout average 12 to 16 inches (300 to 410 mm), with some to 20 inches (510 mm).

Jackson Hole
Jackson Hole (originally called Jackson's Hole by mountain men) is a valley between the Gros Ventre and Teton mountain ranges in the U.S. state of Wyoming, near the border with Idaho, in Teton County. The term "hole" was used by early trappers, or mountain men, as a term for a large mountain valley. These low-lying valleys, surrounded by mountains and containing rivers and streams, are good habitat for beavers and other fur-bearing animals. Jackson Hole is 55 miles (89 km) long by 6-to-13 miles (10-to-21 km) wide and is a graben valley with an average elevation of 6,800 ft (2,100 m), its lowest point being near the southern park boundary at 6,350 ft (1,940 m).
Ponova Vas
Ponova Vas (pronounced [pɔˈnɔːʋa ˈʋaːs] or [pɔˈnoːʋa ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Ponova vas, German: Pöndorf) is a village southwest of Grosuplje in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The Municipality of Grosuplje is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlets of Čemetija, Benat, and Kobiljek.

Municipality of Grosuplje
The Municipality of Grosuplje (pronounced [ɡɾɔˈsùːpljɛ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Grosuplje) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Grosuplje. It lies just south of the capital Ljubljana in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Javakheti Range
Javakheti Range or Javakhk Range  (also Kechut Range or Wet Mountains; Georgian: ჯავახეთის ქედი; Armenian: Ջավախքի լեռնաշղթա) is a volcanic range, in southern Georgia and northern Armenia, part of the Caucasus Mountains. The range is about 50 km (31 mi) long and runs north to south from Trialeti to Bazum Range. It parallels the Samsari Range.

The Chochiani, Shavtskala and Mashavera rivers originate in the range. It contains shield-shaped craterless volcanoes, with a wide base and a small relative height.

The highest peak is Achkasar, at an elevation of 3196 m (10485 ft) above sea level. Other notable peaks include Leyli (3156), Yemlikli (3054), Garanlig (3039), Aghrigar (2973) and Shambiani (2923).

The range is mainly covered with alpine meadows and grasslands. There are a number of small-sized lakes in and around the Javakheti Range.

Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano. Repeated eruptions result in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.

Shield volcanoes are found wherever fluid, low-silica lava reaches the surface of a rocky planet. However, they are most characteristic of ocean island volcanism associated with hot spots or with continental rift volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as Mauna Loa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System, including Olympus Mons on Mars and Sapas Mons on Venus.
Backchannel (linguistics)
In linguistics, a backchanneling during a conversation occurs when one participant is speaking and another participant interjects responses to the speaker. A backchannel response can be verbal, non-verbal, or both. Backchannel responses are often phatic expressions, primarily serving a social or meta-conversational purpose, such as signifying the listener's attention, understanding, sympathy, or agreement, rather than conveying significant information. Examples of backchanneling in English include such expressions as "yeah", "OK", "uh-huh", "hmm", "right", and "I see".

Conversation
Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning. Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.
Tinaroo Dam
The Tinaroo Dam, officially the Tinaroo Falls Dam, is a major ungated concrete gravity dam with a central ogee spillway across the Barron River located on the Atherton Tableland in Far North Queensland, Australia. The dam's purpose includes irrigation for the Mareeba-Dimbulah Irrigation Scheme, water supply, hydroelectricity generation, and recreation. Completed between 1953 and 1958, the dam creates the impounded reservoir, Lake Tinaroo.

Recreation
Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".
Medieval Serbian army
Serbia in the Middle Ages had an army that was well known for its strength and was among the strongest in the Balkans prior to the Ottoman conquest of Europe. Prior to the 14th century, the army consisted of European-style noble cavalry armed with bows and lances (replaced with crossbows in the 14th century) and infantry armed with spears, javelins and bows. With the economic growth from mining, mercenary knights from Western Europe were recruited to finalize and increase the effectiveness of the army, especially throughout 14th century.

Battle of Nicopolis
The Battle of Nicopolis took place on 25 September 1396 and resulted in the rout of an allied Crusader army, assisted by the Venetian navy, at the hands of an Ottoman force, raising the siege of the Danubian fortress of Nicopolis and leading to the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. It is often referred to as the Crusade of Nicopolis, as it was one of the last big Crusades of the Middle Ages, together with the Crusade of Varna in 1443–1444. By their victory at Nicopolis, the Turks discouraged the formation of European coalitions against them. They maintained their pressure on Constantinople, tightened their control over the Balkans, and became a greater threat to Central Europe.
High/Low (album)
High/Low is the debut studio album by the American band Nada Surf, released in 1996. It contains the hit single "Popular". High/Low was produced by Ric Ocasek. Nada Surf supported it by touring with Superdrag and the Gravel Pit.

Superdrag
Superdrag is an American alternative rock band from Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. They had a hit single in 1996, "Sucked Out", from their album Regretfully Yours. The original lineup reunited in 2007, releasing a full-length album in 2009: Industry Giants. The same lineup reunited again in 2021 & 2025.
Eduardo Catroga
Eduardo Catroga, is a Portuguese economist and former Minister of Finance for two years during the Aníbal Cavaco Silva's PSD government between 1993 and 1995. After had been an employee of Companhia União Fabril (CUF) before the Carnation Revolution of 1974, he co-founded in Lisbon with José Bento dos Santos, the metal brokerage and trading company Quimibro. Pedro Passos Coelho, that would become Prime Minister of Portugal in 2011, was invited to work there during the late 1980s.

Trader (finance)
A trader is a person, firm, or entity in finance who buys and sells financial instruments, such as forex, cryptocurrencies, stocks, bonds, commodities, derivatives, and mutual funds, indices in the capacity of agent, hedger, arbitrager, or speculator.
Chrysler Centura
The Chrysler Centura is a midsize car which was produced by Chrysler Australia between 1975 and 1978. It was based on Chrysler Europe's Chrysler 180 model, but was also available with larger Australian-made Hemi Six engines. 19,770 Centuras were built.

Chrysler Hemi-6 Engine
The Chrysler Hemi-6 engine is a family of inline six-cylinder petrol engines produced by Chrysler Australia in three piston displacements and multiple configurations. Hemi-6 engines were installed in Australian-market Chrysler Valiants from 1970 through 1981. It was also installed in the Valiants closely related variants, the Chrysler VIP, the Chrysler by Chrysler & the Valiant Charger.
Celaenorrhinus
Celaenorrhinus is a genus of skipper butterflies which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is flats, for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is also used for related genera. They are the type genus of tribe Celaenorrhinini.

Celaenorrhinus species are found in most tropical regions. However, rather than a monophyletic genus the group appears to be a paraphyletic assemblage, and will probably be split up in the future.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
FM Toyohashi
FM Toyohashi (エフエム豊橋) (JOZZ6AA-FM, 84.3 MHz) is a community FM radio station in Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is the third "community FM radio station" opened in Japan. Its broadcast reach an area roughly bounded by Hamamatsu, Shizuoka in the east, and Gamagori and Shinshiro, Aichi in the west.  It broadcasts 24 hours a day, except parts of Sunday nights during which it carries the signal of Tokyo MusicBird transmissions.

Hamamatsu
Hamamatsu (浜松市, Hamamatsu-shi) is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. In September 2023, the city had an estimated population of 780,128 in 340,591 households, making it the prefecture's largest city, with a population density of 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi) over the total urban area of 1,558.06 km2 (601.57 sq mi). The city ranked first in the happiness index of Japan's government-designated cities, published by the Japan Research Institute, in both 2018 and 2022.
Silesian Przesieka
Silesian Przesieka, literally Silesian Cutting (Polish: Przesieka Śląska or Oseg, Silesian: Sylezyjske Ôdciyńcie, German: Schlesischer Grenzwald, Hag or Preseka, Latin: Indago) was a densely forested, uninhabited and unpassable strip of land in the middle of Silesia, spreading from Golden Mountains in the south, along the Nysa Kłodzka to the Odra, and then along the Stobrawa, reaching the towns of Namysłów and Byczyna in northern Silesia. Originally, the Silesian Cutting was a boundary, separating territories of two Western Slavic tribes, the Slezanie and the Opolanie. In the 12th century, along the Cutting a border of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia was established.

For a long time, the Silesian Cutting was used as a natural military obstacle, protecting the area of Opole from raids of the Moravian and Czech tribes. However, it did not prevent the Hussites from invading Silesia in 1420 (see also Hussite Wars).

Moravians
Moravians (Czech: Moravané or colloquially Moraváci, outdated Moravci) are a Czech ethnographic group from the Moravia region of the Czech Republic, who speak the Moravian dialects of Czech or Common Czech or a mixed form of both. They are not a separate ethnicity instead, a subgroup of the ethnic Czech people, as is recognized by most Moravians but a part of the group's population 'ethnically' identifies as 'Moravian', registered in Czech censuses since 1991. The figure has fluctuated and in the 2011 census, 6.01% of the Czech population declared Moravian as their 'ethnicity'. Smaller pockets of people declaring Moravian 'ethnicity' are also native to neighboring Slovakia.
Columbia Pike–Pentagon Line
The Columbia Pike–Pentagon Line, designated as Route F44, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between the neighborhood of  Annandale and Pentagon station of the Yellow and Blue lines of the Washington Metro. This line is part of the Pike Ride service, which runs through Columbia Pike. This line provides service to Annandale and the Pentagon Transit Center from the neighborhoods of Fairfax County and Arlington County. Alongside the neighborhoods, it also brings service through the marketplace, business, and offices through Columbia Pike.

Virginia State Route 244
State Route 244 (SR 244) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as Columbia Pike, the state highway's first segment runs 4.58 miles (7.37 km) from SR 236 in Annandale to the Arlington County line. Columbia Pike then continues east to SR 27 and Interstate 395 (I-395) at the Pentagon in Arlington. Columbia Pike is a major southwest–northeast thoroughfare in northeastern Fairfax County and eastern Arlington County, connecting Annandale with SR 7 at Bailey's Crossroads and SR 120 in the multicultural Westmont neighborhood of Arlington.