hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Throne Hall of Dongola
The Throne Hall of Dongola, also known as the Mosque Building or Mosque of Abdallah ibn Abi Sarh, is an archaeological site in Old Dongola, Sudan. It is a two-storey brick building situated on a rocky hill, overlooking the town and the Nile valley. It was originally built in the 9th century, serving as the richly adorned representative building of the Makurian kings. In 1317, during the period of Makurian decline, it was converted into a mosque, serving this purpose until it was closed and turned into a historic monument in 1969. Shortly afterwards Polish archaeologists from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw began to excavate the building. It has been described as possibly "the most important, symbolic edifice in the medieval history of Sudan". It is presently the oldest preserved mosque in Sudan.

Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw
The Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw (PCMA UW; Polish: Centrum Archeologii Śródziemnomorskiej UW im. Kazimierza Michałowskiego) operates as an independent research institute of the University of Warsaw under the present name since 1990. It is dedicated to organizing, implementing and coordinating archaeological research, both excavations and study projects, as well as conservation, reconstruction and restoration projects, in northeastern Africa, the Near East and Cyprus. Projects include sites covering a broad chronological spectrum from the dawn of civilization (prehistoric times) through all the historic periods of the ancient Mediterranean civilizations to Late Antiquity and early Islam. Tasks beside fieldwork include comprehensive documentation of finds, archives management and publication of the results in keeping with international research standards. The PCMA manages the Research Centre in Cairo and Polish Archaeological Unit in Khartoum.
Tarski's axiomatization of the reals
In 1936, Alfred Tarski gave an axiomatization of the real numbers and their arithmetic, consisting of only the eight axioms shown below and a mere four primitive notions: the set of reals denoted R, a binary relation over R, denoted by infix <, a binary operation of addition over R, denoted by infix +, and the constant 1.

Tarski's axiomatization, which is a second-order theory, can be seen as a version of the more usual definition of real numbers as the unique Dedekind-complete ordered field; it is however made much more concise by avoiding multiplication altogether and using unorthodox variants of standard algebraic axioms and other subtle tricks. Tarski did not supply a proof that his axioms are sufficient or a definition for the multiplication of real numbers in his system.

Tarski also studied the first-order theory of the structure (R, +, ·, <), leading to a set of axioms for this theory and to the concept of real closed fields.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Love + Fury
Love + Fury is the sixth studio album by Canadian rock band, Headstones. It was the band's first album released after their hiatus. At a length of 33 minutes, it is the band's shortest album to date. The album was nominated for "Rock Album of the Year" at the 2014 Juno Awards.

Juno Awards of 2014
The Juno Awards of 2014 honoured Canadian music industry achievements in the latter part of 2012 and in most of 2013. The awards were presented in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, during the weekend of 29–30 March 2014. The main ceremony took place at the MTS Centre and was televised on CTV.
Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst, (26 February 1823 – 30 October 1896) was a member of the Hohenlohe family of Germany, claiming descent from Eberhard, one of the early dukes of Franconia. He became a cardinal of the Catholic Church.

Villa d'Este
The Villa d'Este is a 16th-century villa in Tivoli, near Rome. It is a masterpiece of Italian architecture and garden design, famous for its terraced hillside Italian Renaissance garden and the ingenuity of its architectural features (fountains, ornamental basins, ceilings, etc.), it is an incomparable example of a 16th-century Italian garden, which later had a huge influence on landscape design in Europe. It is now an Italian state museum, and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2001.
Wyatt Wishart
Wyatt Wishart is a former Canadian football player and wrestler.

A native of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Wishart was educated at Westgate Collegiate & Vocational Institute and Concordia University, where he was a middle guard on the Stingers varsity football team. He was picked up by the Edmonton Eskimos in the 1981 CFL draft, but was cut before the beginning of the season.

Wishart, a two-time All-Canadian varsity wrestler, won eight Canadian wrestling titles. He was a Pan American Junior Wrestling Champion and claimed two gold medals for Canada at the Commonwealth Games.

In 1993, Wishart was inducted into the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame.

Pan American Wrestling Championships
The Pan American Wrestling Championships is the continental wrestling championships for nations from North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Three wrestling styles, recognized internationally by UWW, have been contested annually since the inception, namely: Greco-Roman, freestyle and sambo wrestling. Since 1997, women's freestyle has also been contested along with the mentioned wrestling styles.
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales—Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score album for the 2017 film of the same name. The music is arranged, composed and written by Geoff Zanelli. The album was released on May 26, 2017 by Walt Disney Records.

Walt Disney Records
Walt Disney Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group. The label releases soundtrack albums from the Walt Disney Company's motion picture studios, television shows, theme parks and traditional studio albums produced by its roster of pop, teen pop and country artists.

The music label was founded in the Spring of 1956 as Disneyland Records. Before that time, Disney recordings were licensed to a variety of other labels such as RCA, Decca, Capitol, ABC-Paramount, and United Artists. It was Disney Legend Jimmy Johnson who convinced Walt Disney’s brother Roy O. Disney that Disney, at time known as Walt Disney Productions should form their own record label. It adopted its current name in 1988 and is currently distributed worldwide by Universal Music Group.
Patuxent High School
Patuxent High School ([pəˈtʌksənt] "puh-TUCK-sunt") is a comprehensive, four-year public high school in Lusby, Calvert County, Maryland, United States. The school draws from the communities of Cove Point, the Chesapeake Ranch Estates, Drum Point and Solomons.

Calvert County, Maryland
Calvert County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 92,783. Its county seat is Prince Frederick. The county's name is derived from the family name of the Barons of Baltimore, the proprietors of the English Colony of Maryland. Calvert County is included in the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria metropolitan statistical area. It occupies the Calvert Peninsula, which is bordered on the east by Chesapeake Bay and on the west by the Patuxent River. The county has one of the highest median household incomes in the United States. It is one of the older counties in Maryland, after St. Mary's, Kent, and Anne Arundel Counties. The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state.
Ruttan
Ruttan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Edwin Ruttan (1884–1939), Canadian-born painter

Deric Ruttan (born 1972), Canadian country music artist from Bracebridge, Ontario

Henry Norlande Ruttan (1848–1925), Canadian engineer and Canadian Army Officer

Henry Ruttan (1792–1871), businessman, inventor and politician figure in Upper Canada

Jack Ruttan (1889–1973), Canadian amateur ice hockey player and coach

James Farrand Ruttan (1850–1904), real estate agent and politician in Ontario

John Paul Ruttan (born 2001), Canadian child actor, played Joe in the film This Means War

Robert Fulford Ruttan, FRSC (1856–1930), Canadian chemist and university professor

Susan Ruttan (born 1948), American actress

Vernon Wesley Ruttan (1924–2008), development economist at the University of Minnesota

Vernon Wesley Ruttan
Vernon Wesley Ruttan (1924–2008) was a development economist at the University of Minnesota, where he was Regents Professor Emeritus in the Departments of Economics and Applied Economics. Ruttan's research focused on agricultural development, induced innovation, technical change and productivity growth, institutions, and development assistance policy. His book with Yujiro Hayami, Agricultural Development: An International Perspective (1971) was considered a classic in the field and was translated into four other languages.
Gúdar-Javalambre
Gúdar-Javalambre is a comarca in Aragon, Spain. The most important town is Mora de Rubielos.

This comarca is located at the southern end of Aragon, bordering the Valencian Community. The area is mountainous with the summits of the Sistema Ibérico rising over towns with little or very little population in which the agricultural houses of the former villages have become summerhouses.

The Sierra de Gúdar and the Sierra de Javalambre dominate the landscape and give their name to the comarca. The summits are covered in snow in the winter. The Aramón Javalambre ski resort is located in this comarca.

Ski resort
A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area–a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In North America, it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are destination resorts, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.
Ferpècle
Ferpècle is a  dispersed settlement in the upper Val d'Hérens in Valais, Switzerland,   upstream of Les Haudères, at between about 1,700 m and 1,800 m elevation, spanning a distance of about 5 km along the Borgne de Ferpècle stream. Like Les Haudères, it is part of  Evolène  municipality. 
Individual settlements of Ferpècle are Seppec, Pra Floric, Renoillin and  Salay.

Ferpècle serves as starting-point for a number of alpinist excursions, including Ferpècle Glacier and Mont Miné Glacier.
Until the 19th century, these two glaciers were still connected, reaching down to just above Salay (1,766 m). Since the later 19th century, the glacier has retreated and become separated into two non-contiguous parts, forming the two sources of the Borgne de Ferpècle.
At 1,880 m, a dam was built in 1964 to prevent inundations.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Unnatural Causes (TV series)
Unnatural Causes is a British television anthology series broadcast on ITV from 8 November to 20 December 1986.

Comprising seven stand-alone episodes, the series explored deaths in unusual circumstances. The series writers included Beryl Bainbridge, Nigel Kneale and Lynda La Plante.

This programme was produced by Central Independent Television for the ITV network.

A paperback novelisation, edited by Bainbridge, was published by Javelin Books to accompany the series.

ITV Central
ITV Central, previously known as Central Independent Television, Central ITV, Carlton Central, ITV1 for Central England and commonly referred to as simply Central, is the Independent Television franchisee in the English Midlands. It was created following the restructuring of ATV and officially began broadcasting on 1 January 1982. The service is owned and operated by ITV plc under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting Limited. Historically Central made a major contribution to the ITV network schedule – especially in entertainment and drama – but today its main responsibility is the regional news service.
Jung Soo-jong
Jung Soo-Jong (Korean: 정수종; born 1 May 1987) is a South Korean footballer who plays as a forward.

Jung started his professional career in Jeonbuk Hyundai. After moving to Chungju Hummel in 2010. On 20 August 2010, he joined for Mokpo City FC, with Hong Deok-Jong.

FC Mokpo
Football Club Mokpo (Korean: FC 목포) is a South Korean association football club based in Mokpo, South Jeolla. Since the 2010 season, Mokpo have played in the K3 League, the third tier of Korean football.
Under the Lilacs
Under the Lilacs is a children's novel by Louisa May Alcott and is part of the Little Women Series. It was first published as a serialized story in St. Nicholas magazine in 1877–1878. It was first published in book form by Roberts Brothers in 1878. The plot follows twelve-year-old Ben Brown, a circus runaway who makes friends with the Moss family. He also becomes friends with Miss Celia and her brother Thornton, and Miss Celia eventually allows Ben to live at her house.

The novel's themes deal with characters' gender portrayal, home life, and moral lessons.  Alcott, who wrote the novel while caring for her sick mother, struggled to come up with ideas for the story. During its composition she maintained correspondence with Mary Mapes Dodge. The book has been republished many times with new illustrations, receiving both praise and criticism in its early years.

St. Nicholas (magazine)
St. Nicholas was a popular monthly American children's magazine, founded by Scribner's in 1873 and named after the Christian saint. The first editor was Mary Mapes Dodge, who continued her association with the magazine until her death in 1905. Dodge published work by the country's leading writers, including Louisa May Alcott, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Mark Twain, Laura E. Richards and Joel Chandler Harris. Many famous writers were first published in St. Nicholas League, a department that offered awards and cash prizes to the best work submitted by its juvenile readers. Edna St. Vincent Millay, F. Scott Fitzgerald, E. B. White, and Stephen Vincent Benét were all St. Nicholas League winners.

St. Nicholas ceased publication in 1940. A revival was attempted in 1943, but only a few issues were published before St. Nicholas folded once more.
Femoralia
Femoralia or feminalia and tibialia were a kind of leg covering used in ancient Rome, the femoralia covering the upper leg (cf. femur) and the tibialia covering the lower leg (cf. tibia).

Femoralia are sometimes described as short trousers or breeches, and tibialia as leggings.

Breeches
Breeches (/ˈbrɪtʃɪz, ˈbriː-/ BRITCH-iz, BREE-chiz) are an article of  clothing covering the body from the waist down, with separate coverings for each leg, usually stopping just below the knee, though in some cases reaching to the ankles. Formerly a standard item of Western men's clothing, they had fallen out of use by the mid-19th century in favour of trousers.

Breeches became popular in the 16th century and continued to evolve in style and construction over the following centuries. By the early 19th century, however, they  had largely disappeared from everyday men's fashion, giving way to longer trousers. Although breeches went out of general use, they continued to be worn for specialized purposes such as horseback riding, ceremonial uniforms and within historical and fashion communities.

Modern athletic garments used for English riding and fencing, although called breeches or britches, differ from breeches.
Intellect Books
Intellect Books is an independent academic book publisher based in Bristol, UK. The press was founded in 1984 by Masoud Yazdani, a former professor of digital media at the University of the West of England. The press specializes in books about film, media, and popular culture; it also publishes over 100 academic journals.

The press is a member of the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) and the Independent Publishers Guild (IPG). The publisher is also a Research4Life partner.

Independent Publishers Guild
The Independent Publishers Guild (IPG) is an association set up to support independent publishers in the UK and Ireland. It has more than 600 members sharing annual turnover of more than £1bn. The IPG is a not-for-profit limited company and has a non-executive board of directors. The chief executive is Bridget Shine.
Avulsion
Avulsion in general refers to a tearing away. Specifically, it can refer to:

Avulsion fracture, when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma

Avulsion injury, in which a body structure is detached from its normal point of insertion, either torn away by trauma or cut by surgery

Avulsion (legal term), the sudden loss of land by the action of water

Avulsion (river), abandonment of an old river channel and the formation of a new one

Avulsion injury
In medicine, an avulsion is an injury in which a body structure is torn off by either trauma or surgery. The term most commonly refers to a surface trauma where all layers of the skin have been torn away, exposing the underlying structures (i.e., subcutaneous tissue, muscle, tendons, or bone). This is similar to an abrasion but more severe, as body parts such as an eyelid or an ear can be partially or fully detached from the body.
Achtymichuk
Achtymichuk (Ukrainian: Ахтимічук) is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gene Achtymichuk (1932–2024), Canadian ice hockey player

George Achtymichuk (born c. 1935), Canadian curler

George Achtymichuk
George Achtymichuk (born c. 1935) is a Canadian former curler. He played second on the 1973 Brier Champion team (skipped by Harvey Mazinke), representing Saskatchewan. They later went on to win second place at the World Championships of that year.

As of 1975, he was working as a school teacher in Regina, Saskatchewan and was the leader and bass-guitarist in the band The Melody Mates which included members of his curling team. He grew up in Stoughton, Saskatchewan.
Wiltshire Times
The Wiltshire Times is a weekly newspaper published in Trowbridge, Wiltshire in South West England. The paper serves the western Wiltshire towns of Bradford on Avon, Trowbridge, Corsham, Chippenham, Warminster, Westbury and Melksham, and their surrounding rural areas.

Trowbridge
Trowbridge (/ˈtroʊbrɪdʒ/ TROH-brij) is the county town of Wiltshire, England, situated on the River Biss in the west of the county, close to the border with Somerset. The town lies 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Bath, 31 miles (50 km) south-west of Swindon and 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Bristol. The parish had a population of 37,169 in 2021.

Long a market town, the Kennet and Avon canal to the north of Trowbridge played an instrumental part in the town's development, as it allowed coal to be transported from the Somerset Coalfield; this marked the advent of steam-powered manufacturing in woollen cloth mills. The town was the foremost centre of woollen cloth production in south-west England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, by which time it held the nickname "The Manchester of the West".

The parish encompasses the settlements of Longfield, Lower Studley, Upper Studley, Studley Green and Trowle Common.
Thomas Butiller
Thomas Butiller was an English priest in the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

Butiller is first mentioned as Rector of Buriton in Hampshire in 1373, a post he held until 1382. The next year he became Archdeacon of Salisbury,  but exchanged the next year with William Potyn for the parish of Lyminge in Kent. That benefice was exchanged a year later for the Prebendal Stall of Sidlesham in Sussex, which he held until 1389.

He was Archdeacon of Northampton from 1386 to 1402.  He was a Canon (12th Stall) at Windsor from 1387 to 1389 and Dean from 1389 to 1402. One of his duties at Windsor was to supervise the swan-upping.  He was Prebendary of Leighton Buzzard at Lincoln Cathedral from 1389 to 1391; and of Colworth at Chichester Cathedral from 1389 to 1402. He was put forward for a Canonry at Canterbury, but was not admitted.  His last appointment was at Brightling in Sussex.

Archdeacon of Sarum
The Archdeacon of Sarum is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Salisbury, England. They are responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the five area deaneries of the Sarum archdeaconry, which cover the geographical areas of Alderbury, Chalke (west of Salisbury), Salisbury, Heytesbury and Stonehenge (north of Salisbury).

The post is currently vacant since Alan Jeans' retirement.
Palacio Veneciano
The Venetian Palace (Spanish: Palacio Veneciano), also known as the Casa Concha or Casa Concha Astete, was a palace in the historic centre of Lima District. The building, inspired by the Doge's Palace of Venice and located in the vicinity of the Puente de Piedra and the Government Palace, was ultimately demolished by the military government of Manuel A. Odría.

Doge's Palace
The Doge's Palace (Doge pronounced /doʊ(d)ʒ/; Italian: Palazzo Ducale; Venetian: Pałaso Dogal) is a palace built in Venetian Gothic style, and one of the main landmarks of the city of Venice in northern Italy. The palace included government offices, a jail, and the residence of the Doge of Venice, the elected authority of the former Republic of Venice. It was originally built in 810, rebuilt in 1340 and extended and modified in the following centuries. It became a museum in 1923 and is one of 11 museums run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.