hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emily Jordan Folger
Emily Jordan Folger (May 15, 1858 – February 21, 1936) was the co-founder of the Folger Shakespeare Library alongside her husband Henry Clay Folger. During her husband's lifetime, she assisted him in building the world's largest collection of Shakespeare materials. After his death in 1930, she funded the completion of the Folger Shakespeare Library to house the collection, remaining involved with its administration until her death in 1936.

In 1932, she became the third woman to receive an honorary degree from Amherst College, following Mary Emma Woolley, president of Mount Holyoke College, in 1901; and Martha Dickinson Bianchi, editor of Emily Dickinson's poems, in 1931.

Mary Emma Woolley
Mary Emma Woolley (July 13, 1863 – September 5, 1947) was an American educator, peace activist and women's suffrage supporter. She was the first female student to attend Brown University and served as the 10th President of Mount Holyoke College from 1900 to 1937.
Clarence G. Child
Clarence Griffin Child (March 22, 1864 – September 20, 1948) was an American educator, scholar of medieval literature, and hobbyist mathematician who served as dean of the graduate school of the University of Pennsylvania.

Medieval literature
Medieval literature is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages (that is, the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca. AD 500 to the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th, 15th or 16th century, depending on country). The literature of this time was composed of religious writings as well as secular works. Like modern literature, it is a broad field of study, from the utterly sacred to the exuberantly profane, touching all points in between. Works of literature are often grouped by place of origin, language, and genre.
Panrkhash
Panrkhash (also known as panrakhash) is a traditional Armenian dish that consists of lavash bread, cheese, onions, and boiled water. The name "panrkhash" translates from Armenian as "boil the cheese" (Armenian: պանրխաշ).

The main ingredient in panrkhash is Armenian chechil, a semi-soft, salty cheese typically made from a mixture of goat, sheep, and cow's milk. Other ingredients include unsalted butter, thin lavash flatbread, finely diced caramelized onions, and hot water. The dish is prepared by layering the chechil and lavash in a ramekin or clay bowl, then adding sautéed onions and hot water before baking the mixture until golden brown.

Panrkhash is particularly popular in Shirak Province, Armenia, and is especially associated with Gyumri, the country's second-largest city. In Gyumri, the Panrkhash Festival is held each summer to celebrate the dish.

Shirak Province
Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ, Armenian pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾɑk] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north-west of the country, bordering the provinces of Lori to the east and Aragatsotn to the south and southeast, and the countries of Turkey to the west and Georgia to the north. Its capital and largest city is Gyumri, which is the second largest city in Armenia. It is as much semi-desert as it is mountain meadow or high alpine. In the south, the high steppes merge into mountain terrain, being verdant green in the spring, with hues of reddish brown in the summer. The province is served by the Shirak International Airport of Gyumri.
Frontier Records
Frontier Records is an independent record label, started in 1980 in Sun Valley, Los Angeles by Lisa Fancher, a former employee of BOMP! Records and writer of the liner notes for the first album by The Runaways.

The Runaways
The Runaways were an American rock band who recorded and performed from 1975 to 1979. Formed in 1975 in Los Angeles, the band released four studio albums and one live album during its run. Among their best-known songs are "Cherry Bomb", "Hollywood", "Queens of Noise" and a cover version of the Velvet Underground's "Rock & Roll". Never a major success in the United States, the Runaways became a sensation overseas, especially in Japan, thanks to the single "Cherry Bomb".
Marcin Brosz
Marcin Brosz (born 11 April 1973) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is currently in charge of Ekstraklasa club Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza.

As a player, he spent his career playing for clubs in Poland. In 2005, he turned to coaching, becoming the manager of Polonia Bytom, Koszarawa Żywiec, Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała, Odra Wodzisław and Piast Gliwice. After that, he became the manager of Górnik Zabrze, performing his duties until 27 May 2021.

On 19 March 2024, after a stint in charge of the Poland U19 team, Brosz returned to club football to manage Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza.

Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała
TS Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała (Polish pronunciation: [pɔdbɛˈskʲid͡ʑɛ ˈbjɛlskɔ ˈbjawa]) is a football club based in Bielsko-Biała, Poland. They currently compete in the II liga, after being relegated from the 2023–24 I liga.
1997 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles
Pat Cash and Patrick Rafter were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals this year.

Mark Merklein and Vincent Spadea won the title, defeating Alex O'Brien and Jeff Salzenstein 6–4, 4–6, 6–4 in the final.

Alex O'Brien
Alex O'Brien (born (1970-03-07)March 7, 1970) is an American former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. He gained the top ranking in May 2000 and was ranked as high as world No. 30 in singles in June 1997. He won the men's doubles at the 1999 US Open with partner Sébastien Lareau.
Apothecary Rx
Apothecary Rx is the second studio album by Carl Hancock Rux, produced by Rob Hyman (of The Hooters) and Stewart Lerman. The album also features singer Stephanie McKay and contributions from jazz violinist Leroy Jenkins and singer-songwriter Marc Anthony Thompson (of Chocolate Genius). The album was selected by French writer Phillippe Robert for his 2008 publication "Great Black Music": an exhaustive tribute of 110 albums including  1954's Lady Sings The Blues by Billie Holiday, the work of Jazz artists  Oliver Nelson, Max Roach, John Coltrane; rhythm and blues artists Otis Redding, Ike & Tina Turner, Curtis Mayfield, George Clinton; as well as  individual impressions of Fela Kuti, Jimi Hendrix, and  Mos Def.

Max Roach
Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz drummer and composer. A pioneer of bebop, he worked in many other styles of music, and is generally considered one of the most important drummers in history. He worked with many famous jazz musicians, including Clifford Brown, Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, Abbey Lincoln, Dinah Washington, Charles Mingus, Billy Eckstine, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Eric Dolphy, Benny Carter, and Booker Little. He also played with his daughter Maxine Roach, a Grammy-nominated violist. He was inducted into the DownBeat Hall of Fame in 1980 and the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1992.

In the mid-1950s, Roach co-led a pioneering quintet along with trumpeter Clifford Brown. In 1970, Roach founded the percussion ensemble M'Boom.
The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)
The Republican is a newspaper based in Springfield, Massachusetts, covering news in the Greater Springfield area, as well as national news and pieces from Boston, Worcester and northern Connecticut.

It is owned by Newhouse Newspapers, a division of Advance Publications. Throughout much of the 19th century, the paper was the largest circulating daily in New England and the most widely-read across the U.S., and played a key role in the United States Republican Party's founding. Abraham Lincoln was an avid reader. The newspaper became the first American periodical to publish a poem authored by an African American writer.

By 2025, The Republican's daily circulation had plummeted to 8,593, according to an audit published in the newspaper on September 24, 2025. Content from The Republican is published online to MassLive, a separate Advance Publications company. MassLive had between 4.5 million and 8.4 million unique monthly visitors in 2025.

The Kansas City Star
The Kansas City Star is a newspaper based in Kansas City, Missouri. Published since 1880, the paper is the recipient of eight Pulitzer Prizes.

The Star is most notable for its influence on the career of President Harry S. Truman and as the newspaper where a young Ernest Hemingway honed his writing style. The paper is the major newspaper of the Kansas City metropolitan area and has widespread circulation in western Missouri and eastern Kansas.
Quest Nunatak
Quest Nunatak (81°31′S 28°10′W﻿ / ﻿81.517°S 28.167°W﻿ / -81.517; -28.167) is the northeasternmost of the Whichaway Nunataks, 1,065 m. First mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, it was so named because it was the last rock outcrop visited on the transpolar route of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition in December 1957 when a further search was made for plant fossils previously found in the area by the expedition's geologist.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Quest Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Recovery Glacier
The Recovery Glacier (81°10′S 28°00′W﻿ / ﻿81.167°S 28.000°W﻿ / -81.167; -28.000﻿ (Recover Glacier)) is a glacier, at least 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) long and 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) wide at its mouth,  flowing west along the southern side of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica.
Rogajny, Elbląg County
Rogajny [rɔˈɡai̯nɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pasłęk, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Pasłęk, 22 km (14 mi) east of Elbląg, and 59 km (37 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Pasłęk
Pasłęk (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpaswɛŋk] ⓘ; formerly known in Polish as Holąd Pruski; German: Preußisch Holland, pronounced [ˈpʁɔʏsɪʃ ˈhɔlant] ⓘ; Old Prussian: Pāistlauks) is a historic town in northern Poland, within Elbląg County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 2017, the town had 12,298 registered inhabitants.

The town emerged at the location of a medieval stronghold in the 13th century, and notably was one of the first places of Dutch immigration in present-day Poland. Pasłęk contains preserved medieval Gothic architecture, including a town hall and defensive walls, a Gothic-Renaissance castle, and churches in Gothic, Renaissance and Gothic Revival styles.
Zitong (dictionary)
The Zitong is a 1254 Chinese dictionary of  that was compiled by the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) scholar Li Congzhou 李從周. It discussed orthographic differences between Chinese characters written in different historical styles, including seal script, clerical script, and the contemporary regular script.

Lemma (morphology)
In morphology and lexicography, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is the canonical form, dictionary form, or citation form of a set of word forms. In English, for example, break, breaks, broke, broken and breaking are forms of the same lexeme, with break as the lemma by which they are indexed. Lexeme, in this context, refers to the set of all the inflected or alternating forms in the paradigm of a single word, and lemma refers to the particular form that is chosen by convention to represent the lexeme. Lemmas have special significance in highly inflected languages such as Arabic, Turkish, and Russian. The process of determining the lemma for a given lexeme is called lemmatisation. The lemma can be viewed as the chief of the principal parts, although lemmatisation is at least partly arbitrary.
Batavia, Suriname
Batavia on the Coppename River in Suriname is a former cocoa plantation, military post and state leper colony of the Dutch colonists. Batavia functioned as a leper colony from 1824 to 1897, after which the location was completely abandoned. Since 2001 it has been redeveloped as a place of pilgrimage and tourism.

Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small (6–12 m (20–39 ft) tall) evergreen tree in the Malvaceae family. Its seeds—cocoa beans—are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate.  Although the tree is native to the tropics of the Americas, the largest producer of cocoa beans in 2022 was Ivory Coast.
Volcano Man
Volcano Man is a 2022 Australian documentary film directed by James Crawley. It was written by James Crawley, Tim Russell and Steven Sander, and produced by Tim Russell and Rhian Skirving. It tells the story of James' father Richard Crawley, an eccentric photographer and documentarian.

The film premiered at the Melbourne International Film Festival on August 5, 2022, screening around Australia in 2022 through Palace Cinemas and released in Australia and New Zealand via Madman Films and DocPlay. It received critical acclaims from critics and audience. It received several awards including clinching the third in the Melbourne International Film Festival Audience Award in 2022, and the AWGIE Awards for the Best Writing in a Documentary Feature in 2023.

Palace Cinemas (Australia)
Palace Cinemas is an Australian cinema chain that specialises in arthouse and international films.

Their head office are based in the Melbourne suburb of South Yarra and they operate locations in New South Wales (Central Park, Norton Street, Byron Bay, Ballina& Oxford St), Victoria (Coburg, Brighton Bay, Northcote, Balwyn, Brighton, South Yarra, Melbourne, Moonee Ponds & The Astor Theatre), Western Australia (Raine Square), Queensland (Brisbane & Fortitude Valley) & Canberra.
Public light bus
The public light bus (PLB) or minibus is a public transport service in Hong Kong. It uses minibuses to provide quicker transport and to serve areas that standard Hong Kong bus lines cannot reach as efficiently. The vehicles are colloquially known by the loanword Van仔 (Jyutping: wen1 zai2; Cantonese Yale: Van jái; lit. 'Van child or Van-ette').

Depending on the type of vehicle, minibuses carry a maximum of 16 or 19 seated passengers; no standing passengers are allowed. Minibuses typically offer a faster and more efficient transportation solution due to their small size, limited carrying capacity, frequency and diverse range of routes, although their fares are generally slightly higher than those of standard buses. The popularity of minibus services in Hong Kong can be attributed to Hong Kong's high population density, as well as the ability of the minibuses to navigate narrow and winding roads which standard buses cannot.

Mode of transport
A mode of transport is a method or way of travelling, or of transporting people or cargo. The different modes of transport include air, water, and land transport, which includes rails or railways, road and off-road transport. Other modes of transport also exist, including pipelines, cable transport, and space transport. Human-powered transport and animal-powered transport are sometimes regarded as distinct modes, but they may lie in other categories such as land or water transport.

In general, transportation refers to the moving of people, animals, and other goods from one place to another, and means of transport refers to the transport facilities used to carry people or cargo according to the chosen mode. Examples of the means of transport include automobile, airplane, ship, truck, and train. Each mode of transport has a fundamentally different set of technological solutions. Each mode has its own infrastructure, vehicles, transport operators and operations.
Ferreiro
Ferreiro is a surname of Galician-Portuguese origin, equivalent to English Smith. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfredo Mario Ferreiro (1899–1959), Uruguayan poet

Celso Emilio Ferreiro (1912–1979), Spanish writer and politician

David Ferreiro (born 1988), Spanish professional footballer

Dora Ferreiro (1916–2011), Argentine film actress

Emilia Ferreiro (1937–2023), Argentine pedagogue, psychologist, and writer

Franco Ferreiro (born 1984), Brazilian retired tennis player

Iván Ferreiro (born 1970), Spanish singer

Mario Aníbal Ferreiro (born 1959), Paraguayan television host and politician

Martín Ferreiro (born 1997), Argentine field hockey player

Roberto Ferreiro (1935–2017), Argentine professional footballer

Franco Ferreiro
Franco Ferreiro (born July 1, 1984) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player. He qualified for the 2009 French Open, but lost to Feliciano López in five sets in the first round after leading two sets to love.
East Gallatin River
The East Gallatin River flows 42 miles (68 km) in a northwesterly direction through the Gallatin valley, Gallatin County, Montana. Rising from the confluence of Rocky Creek and several other small streams, the East Gallatin begins about one mile (1.6 km) east of downtown Bozeman, Montana.  The river joins the main stem of the Gallatin River 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north of Manhattan, Montana. Throughout its course, the river traverses mostly valley floor ranch and farmland with typical summer flows of approximately 50 cu ft/s (1.4 m3/s).

Gallatin County, Montana
Gallatin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. With its county seat in Bozeman, it is the second-most populous county in Montana, with a population of 118,960 in the 2020 census.

The county's prominent geographical features are the Bridger Range in the north, and the Gallatin Range and Gallatin River in the south, named by Meriwether Lewis in 1805 for Albert Gallatin, the United States Treasury Secretary who formulated the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

At the southern end of the county, West Yellowstone's entrance into Yellowstone National Park accounts for around half of all park visitors. Big Sky Resort, one of the largest ski resorts in the United States, lies in Gallatin and neighboring Madison counties, midway between Bozeman and West Yellowstone.
Top Gear (American TV series) season 2
The second season of Top Gear began airing on History from July 24, 2011 until April 3, 2012. Adam Ferrera, Tanner Foust, Rutledge Wood and The Stig returned as hosts, with the season consisting of sixteen episodes, which aired on a weekly basis. This was the final season to include car reviews and the Power laps and Big Star, Small Car segment, as they were discarded from the programme before the third season.

Adam Ferrara
Adam Ferrara (born February 2, 1966) is an American actor and comedian known for playing the role of Chief "Needles" Nelson on the FX series Rescue Me. He was a co-host on the U.S. version of Top Gear and played NYPD Sgt. Frank Verelli opposite Edie Falco on Showtime series Nurse Jackie. He also played Detective Tommy Manetti on the television series The Job.
Kha with caron
Kha with caron (Х̌ х̌ italics: Х̌ х̌) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in the Shughni and Wakhi languages, where it represents the voiceless velar fricative /x/, like the Scottish ⟨ch⟩ in "loch". In Shughni, it can be substituted for the digraph хь, and corresponds to the Latin letters Ẋ or X̌.

Wakhi language
Wakhi (ښیکوار, Х̆икв̆ор, IPA: [xikwɔr]) is an Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranian branch of the language family spoken today in Wakhan District, Northern Afghanistan, and neighboring areas of Tajikistan, Pakistan and China.
Safia Shah
Safia Thomas (born Safia Nafisa Shah on 16 November 1966; Persian: سفیا شاه, Gujarati: સફિયા શાહ) is a British writer, editor, television news producer and member of the Afghan-Indian Shah family.

She and her husband Ian also founded and ran a respected traditional delicatessen A. Gold in London, specializing in entirely British fare, painstakingly renovating the historic building in the process. They ran this business for several years before moving to live close to Casablanca in Morocco, and later moved to Wincanton in South Somerset, where they set up a design workshop and child-friendly café, Bootmakers, and a humanitarian book project, Kashfi's Children.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
2022 Sofia Twenty20
The 2022 Sofia Twenty20 tournament was a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament which was held in Sofia, Bulgaria, in June 2022. This was the second edition of the Sofia Twenty20; the 2021 tournament was contested by four nations, but the 2022 edition took the form of a four-match bilateral series between Bulgaria and Serbia. The series was played at the National Sports Academy in Sofia. The series provided both teams with preparation for the 2022–23 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier subregional tournaments.

National Sports Academy "Vasil Levski"
The Vassil Levski National Sports Academy (Bulgarian: Национална Спортна Академия "Васил Левски"), commonly referred to as the NSA, is Bulgaria's premiere higher education institution specializing in teaching physical education. It is named after national hero Vasil Levski.
1918 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1918 Norwegian Football Cup was the 17th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF. Kvik (Fredrikshald) won their first title by beating Brann in the final. This was second consecutive year that Brann lost the final.

Norwegian Football Federation
The Norwegian Football Federation (Bokmål: Norges Fotballforbund, Nynorsk: Noregs Fotballforbund; NFF) is the governing body of football in Norway. It was formed in 1902 and organises the men's and women's national teams, as well as the league systems for men and women (whose top levels are respectively the Eliteserien and Toppserien). The current president of NFF is Lise Klaveness. By 1 January 2004, there were 1,814 clubs organized in Norway and 373,532 registered players. It is the largest sports federation in Norway.

The NFF joined FIFA in 1908, and UEFA in 1954.

The NFF was part of an unsuccessful joint bid with the SvFF, the DBU and the SPL to host the UEFA Euro 2008 championship. The SvFF invited the NFF to join them in bidding for the UEFA Euro 2016 championship. The NFF and Norwegian politicians expressed support for such a proposal, but Euro 2016 was eventually awarded to France.