hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diocese of Kumbakonam
The Diocese of Kumbakonam (Latin: Kumbakonamen(sis)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in India. Its episcopal see is Kumbakonam. The Diocese of Kumbakonam is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore.

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
Kışlaköy coal mine
Kışlaköy Coal Mine or Afşin Elbistan Mine is a lignite mine in Elbistan coalfield. The largest operating lignite mine in Turkey, it is open pit and can produce 7 million tonnes a year, which feeds the Afşin-Elbistan power stations.

The average energy value of coal is 1.031 Kcal/kg, seam depths are 50 – 175 m, moisture content 53%, ash content 20% and sulfur content 1.2%.

Electricity exports to the EU will be subject to the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism from 2026 unless Turkey implements its own carbon price. Energy thinktank Shura suggests that people whose jobs are at risk of this could be offered retraining or early retirement.: 10–13

After a slope failure at an overburden dump site in 2024, the Chamber of Engineers said they had warned about it 4 years before. Although there were no injuries this time, one independent expert said that lessons had not been learned from the fatal 2011 landslides at nearby Çöllolar coal mine, and that safety measures still lacked oversight.

Carbon tariff
A carbon tariff or border carbon adjustment (BCA) is an eco-tariff on embedded carbon. The aim is generally to prevent carbon leakage from states without a carbon price. Examples of imports which are high-carbon and so may be subject to a carbon tariff are electricity generated by coal-fired power stations, iron and steel from blast furnaces, and fertilizer from the Haber process.

Currently, only California applies a BCA for electricity, while the European Union and the United Kingdom will apply BCAs from 2026 and 2027, respectively. Several other countries and territories with emissions pricing are considering them.
Kulakovo, Zabaykalsky Krai
Kulakovo (Russian: Кулаково) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nerchinsky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 57 (2021 census); 72 (2010 census); 83 (2002 census);  There is 1 street in this selo.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Đông Sơn culture
The Đông Sơn culture, Dongsonian culture, or the Lạc Việt culture (named for modern village Đông Sơn, a village in Thanh Hóa, Vietnam) was a Bronze Age material centered on the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam. Archaeological artifacts closely related to the Đông Sơn or believed to be Đông Sơn have also been found in other parts of Southeast Asia and China such as Malaysia, Laos, and the Chinese provinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian from 1000 BC until the first century AD. Vietnamese historians attribute the culture to the states of Văn Lang and Âu Lạc and its influence spread to other parts of Southeast Asia, including Maritime Southeast Asia, from about 1000 BC to 1 BC.

The Đông Sơn people were skilled at cultivating rice, keeping water buffalos and pigs, fishing and sailing in long dugout canoes. They also were skilled bronze casters, which is evidenced by the Dong Son drum found widely throughout northern Vietnam and Yunnan and Guangxi in China.

Thanh Hóa
Thanh Hóa (Vietnamese: [tʰajŋ̟ hwǎː] ⓘ) is the capital of Thanh Hóa Province. The city is situated in the east of the province on the Ma River (Sông Mã), about 150 kilometers (93 miles) south of capital Hanoi and 1560 kilometers (969 miles) north of Ho Chi Minh City. Thanh Hoa became one of the most populous cities in North Central Coast after expanding in 2012, with a population of approximately 400,000. Thanh Hoa township was upgraded to Thanh Hoa City in 1994 and has been the historical center of politics, economy, culture, education and entertainment of Thanh Hóa Province.
Gerry Kuipers
Gerry Kuipers (born Gerhardus Kuipers; 31 July 1935 – 13 May 2013) was a Dutch-Canadian businessman and auto restorer active in the late twentieth century. Kuipers was also the plaintiff in the 1976 Alberta Supreme Court lawsuit Kuipers v Gordon Riley Transport. Following Kuipers' passing in 2013, many of his personal papers were archived in the Gerry Segger Heritage Collection at The King's University in Edmonton, Canada.

Alberta Genealogical Society
The Alberta Genealogical Society (AGS) is a non-profit educational organization headquartered at 14315 118 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1970, AGS is one of the largest genealogical societies in Canada. Its mission is "to promote interest in genealogy and genealogical research through a provincial association, by providing opportunities for the exchange of genealogical ideas and information." AGS publishes Relatively Speaking, a scholarly magazine and newsletter, and the organization conducts educational programs, and maintains a website with a database for its members and research guides for the general public.
Zonetail butterfly ray
The zonetail butterfly ray (Gymnura zonura) is a species of ray in the family Gymnuridae. It is found in Indo-Pacific waters near India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats includes the open seas, shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, and estuarine waters.

They have a mostly brown coloration on their dorsal side, with several small white spots throughout. Their ventral side exhibits white coloration and is entirely smooth-skinned. They can be differentiated from other species of Gymnuridae by their tail, which has 6 to 10 black bands along its length, separated by alternating white bands with single dark spots in between.

Zonetail butterfly rays feed on smaller organisms found on or near the sea floor, such as bony fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. They are viviparous, giving birth to up to 4 live young per litter.

Neritic zone
The neritic zone (or sublittoral zone) is the relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately 200 meters (660 ft) in depth.
From the point of view of marine biology it forms a relatively stable and well-illuminated environment for marine life, from plankton up to large fish and corals, while physical oceanography sees it as where the oceanic system interacts with the coast.
Oman at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Oman sent a delegation to compete in the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo in Japan originally scheduled to take place in 2020 but postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was the country's ninth successive appearance in the Summer Paralympics since debuting at the 1988 Summer Paralympics.

1988 Summer Paralympics
The 1988 Summer Paralympics (Korean: 1988년 하계 패럴림픽; RR: Cheon gubaek palsip-pal nyeon hagye paereollimpik) were the first Paralympics in 24 years to take place in the same city as the Olympic Games. They took place in Seoul, South Korea. This was the first time the term "Paralympic" was used officially.
Hawick News
Hawick News was a tabloid newspaper that covers the area of Hawick, one of the larger towns in the Scottish Borders. It included local news, politics, and sport.  It was part of Johnston Press subsidiary Tweeddale Press Group. Contributors to the newspaper include regular sports columnist Thomas Clark, rugby correspondent Alexander McLeman,

Sports reporter John Florence received the unsung hero award at the 2008 James McLean Trust (JMT) Awards.

The Hawick News ceased publishing Friday, June 21st, 2019

Johnston Press
Johnston Press plc was a multimedia company founded in Falkirk, Scotland, in 1767. Its flagship titles included UK-national newspaper the i, The Scotsman, the Yorkshire Post, the Falkirk Herald, and Belfast's The News Letter. The company was operating around 200 newspapers and associated websites around the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man when it went into administration and was then purchased by JPIMedia in 2018.

The Falkirk Herald was the company's first acquisition in 1846. Johnston Press's assets were transferred to JPIMedia in 2018, who continued to publish its titles.

Johnston Press announced it would place itself in administration on 16 November 2018 after it was unable to find a suitable buyer of the business to refinance £220m of debt. It was delisted from the London Stock Exchange on 19 November 2018. Johnston Press and its assets were brought under the control of JPIMedia on 17 November 2018 after a pre-packaged deal was agreed with creditors.
John Duncan (priest)
The Ven. John Finch Duncan  (born 9 September 1933) was the Archdeacon of Birmingham from 1985 to 2001.

Duncan was educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield; University College, Oxford; and Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was ordained in 1960 and was a Curate at St John, South Bank, Middlesbrough from 1959 to 1961; then a Novice with the Society of St Francis. He was a Curate at  St Peter, Birmingham from 1962 to 1965; Chaplain at the University of Birmingham from 1965 to 1976; and Vicar of All Saints, Kings Heath from  1976 to 1985.

University College, Oxford
University College, formally The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University commonly called University College in the University of Oxford and colloquially referred to as "Univ", is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded by William of Durham in 1249.

As of 2024, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £156.679 million, and their total net assets amounted to £255.431 million.

The college is associated with a number of influential people, including Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Festus Mogae, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, R.F. Kuang, William Beveridge, Bob Hawke, Robert Cecil, Tom Hooper, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Christian Cole, the first Black student to graduate from the university.
Frutillar Airport
Frutillar Airport (IATA: FRT, ICAO: SCFR) is an airport serving Frutillar, a town at the western end of Llanquihue Lake in the Los Lagos Region of Chile.

The runway lies alongside the Pan-American Highway just to the west of Frutillar, and has an additional 120 metres (390 ft) of grass overrun on the south end.

The Puerto Montt VOR-DME (Ident: MON) is 17.9 nautical miles (33.2 km) south of the airport.

Llanquihue Lake
Llanquihue Lake is the second-largest lake in Chile with an area of about 871 km2 (336 sq mi), after Lake General Carrera which is shared with Argentina. It is situated in the southern Los Lagos Region in the Llanquihue and Osorno provinces. The lake's fan-like form was created by successive piedmont glaciers during the Quaternary glaciations. The last glacial period is called Llanquihue glaciation in Chile after the terminal moraine systems around the lake.

Some historians consider Llanquihue Lake to have been within the range of ancient Chono nomadism.

Llanquihue Lake is located in southern Chile a territory of northern Patagonia in the Los Lagos Region. The lake's views of Volcán Osorno make the surrounding cities such as Puerto Varas tourism hotspots.
Ajmer Singh Chopra
Ajmer Singh Chopra (born 1953) is an Indian basketball player who was awarded the country's highest sporting honor, the Arjuna Award, in 1982. He represented the country in the Asian Basketball Championships and in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

According to The Hindu, Singh was "a rough and tough player and his sole aim was to score as many baskets as possible. A dedicated man, he was remarkable for his appetite for baskets. As a result, he emerged as one of the top 10 shooters in the 1980 Moscow Olympics."

FIBA Asia Cup
The FIBA Asia Cup (formerly the FIBA Asia Championship and ABC Championship) is an international basketball tournament which takes place every four years between the men's national teams of Asia and Oceania.

Through the 2015 edition, the tournament took place every two years and was also a qualifying tournament for the FIBA World Cup and the Olympic basketball tournament. However, since 2017, the tournament was renamed the FIBA Asia Cup and now includes teams from FIBA Oceania. Also, it was the first to be played on a new four-year cycle, and is no longer a part of the qualifying process for the World Cup or the Olympics.
James May: My Sisters' Top Toys
James May: My Sisters Top Toys is a British television documentary.  Presented by James May, it was first broadcast on 23 December 2007 on BBC Two.  The show was a spin-off from the 2005 documentary James May's Top Toys, and was first shown as one of three shows which made up the "Top Gear Night In".

The show focused on the toys loved by his elder and younger sisters, including dolls, dolls' houses, dolls' prams, Girls' World, Ladybird Books, Spirograph, and a Palitoy (Kenner) Tree Tots Family House.  May speaks about how he often played with them as they were hand-me-downs.

During the show, May sets up a race as a girls' school (Skipton Girls' High School) and a boys' school (Ermysted's Grammar School) battle it out in a go-kart time trial, using their own converted Silver Cross prams.  May gets his own made by the pram factory. He tests it out, battling for first place alongside the girls and the boys.

Ermysted's Grammar School
Ermysted's Grammar School is an 11-18 boys' voluntary aided grammar school in Skipton, North Yorkshire, England.

It was founded by Peter Toller in the 15th century and is the seventh oldest state school in Britain. The first official record of the school was seen in Peter Toller's will in 1492; the school records its establishment as the same year, though its history could possibly be dated to 1468. The school operates a house system. The four houses — Toller, Ermysted, Petyt, and Hartley — are named after key figures in the school's history; when the school operated a boarding house, its boarders were members of School House.

There are 840 currently enrolled students. The Sixth Form is formed from boys graduating Key Stage 4, as well as 20 additional boys. The current headmaster is Michael Evans; his predecessor, Graham Hamilton, retired at the end of the 2015-2016 school year.
Socka
Socka (pronounced [ˈsoːtska]; German: Einödt) is a settlement in the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the road north of Nova Cerkev towards Vitanje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Vitanje
Vitanje (pronounced [ˈʋiːtanjɛ], formerly Vitanje trg, sometimes Vitanjski trg, German: (Markt) Weitenstein) is a small town in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Vitanje. It lies on the Hudinja River north of Celje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. From the 11th century onwards it became a regional centre and was granted market rights in 1306.
Lanser Moor
The Fen of Lans (also Lanser Moor or Water Lily Pond) is located north above Lake Lans at an altitude of 582 metres in the Paschberg forest. With an area of 8000 m² and a depth of 3 metres the lake is much smaller than its neighbour.

To keep its natural beauty intact, bathing and swimming was already forbidden by the city administration of Innsbruck very early. The lake is under nature conservation. The muddy water has reed-lined shores which often hide big quicksand-like puddles. The water quality fluctuates between A and B grade. Smaller kinds of carp, roach, and rudd live in the lake and several ducks call the lake home.

Carp
The term carp (pl.: carp) is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized quarries and are valued (even commercially cultivated) as both food and ornamental fish in many parts of the Old World, they are considered trash fish and invasive pests in many parts of Africa, Australia and most of the United States.
Arthur Hobbs (gridiron football)
Arthur Hobbs  (born November 18, 1989) is an American football defensive back. He first enrolled at Grossmont College before transferring to the University of Nebraska at Kearney. Hobbs has also been a member of the San Diego Chargers, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Calgary Stampeders, Orlando Predators and Tampa Bay Storm.

National Arena League
The National Arena League (NAL) is a professional indoor football league that began play in 2017. As of the end of the 2024 season, the league consisted of five teams.

A team's typical budget is $400,000 to $500,000 per season. Players are usually paid $200 per week (before taxes), and veterans can make $225 with the potential raises for loyalty on a year-by-year basis. Additionally, $50 bonus can be given to players on the winning team each week. Some teams also provide housing for their players during the season.

Teams' estimated annual revenue is between $500,000 and $800,000 a year.
Tasman Orogen
The Tasman Orogen, Tasman Orogenic Zone or Tasman Orogenic System is an orogenic zone that covers the seaboard of Eastern Australia and part of the adjacent Tasman Sea stretching from southern Tasmania to northern Queensland. It is a general term that includes a number of orogenic belts formed during Paleozoic. These include Delamerian Orogen, Lachlan Orogen, New England Orogen, Thomson Orogen.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Porticus
In church architecture, a porticus (Latin for "portico") is usually a small room in a church. Commonly, porticuses form extensions to the north and south sides of a church, giving the building a cruciform plan. They may function as chapels, rudimentary transepts or burial-places. For example, Anglo-Saxon kings of Kent were buried in the south porticus at St Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury, with the exception of Eadberht II, who was buried in a similar location in St Mary's Church, Reculver.

This feature of church design originated in the late Roman period and continued to appear in those built on the European continent and, in Anglo-Saxon England, until the 8th century.

Eadberht II
Eadberht II was king of Kent, jointly with Sigered. He was apparently the son of Æðelberht II.

Eadberht II is known from three charters. As a result of confusion with Eadberht I, these charters have been subjected to tampering. One is dated 747 (the year before the death of Eadberht I), but witnessed by Archbishop Bregowine (761–764), as are the two undated charters, one of which refers to Æðelberht II (atque clementissimi regis Æthelberti, et corporum sepulture, necnon et pro missarum solemniis exhibendis). Eadberht II also witnessed a charter of Sigered, dated 762.
Nadia Saphira
Nadia Saphira Ganie (born 20 October 1987) is an Indonesian actress, model and lawyer. Her first major role was in the TV series version of Ada Apa dengan Cinta? (2003–2005) on RCTI. Her film career includes the romantic comedy Jomblo (2006), followed by Coklat Stroberi (2007), Cintapuccino and Under the Tree (2008). She appeared in various Indonesian TV series, such as Impian Cinderella (2006), Rahasia Pelangi  (2011) and a serial of Jomblo  (2007).

RCTI
RCTI (an abbreviation of Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) is an Indonesian free-to-air television network. It is best known for its soap operas, celebrity news, general news, and sports programmes. The network was launched in 1989, initially operating as a local pay television service that mainly broadcast foreign programmes, before switching to a free-to-air terrestrial network a year later.

RCTI was originally co-owned by PT Rajawali Wira Bhakti Utama (later Rajawali Corpora) and PT Bimantara Citra (later Global Mediacom, now known as PT Media Nusantara Citra (MNC)), from which its name is derived. One of its commissioners at the time, Indra Rukmana, is the husband of Tutut Soeharto, the founder and former owner of its eventual sister network, TPI.

RCTI is now fully owned by MNC, which also operates GTV, MNCTV, and iNews, all of which are private Indonesian television networks.
Ganoderma brownii
Ganoderma brownii is a species of polypore fungus in the Ganodermataceae family. It is a plant pathogen and occasional saprotroph similar in appearance to Ganoderma applanatum.  This species is restricted geographically to the Pacific Northwest,  primarily observed in California. In the San Francisco Bay Area, it is very common on Umbellularia californica.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Clarence Griffin
Clarence James "Peck" Griffin (January 19, 1888 – March 28, 1973) was an American tennis player. His best major performance in singles was reaching the semi-finals of the 1916 U.S. National Championships (where he beat Wallace F. Johnson before losing to R. Norris Williams). He also reached the quarter-finals in 1914, 1915, 1917 and 1920.

1916 U.S. National Championships – Men's singles
Richard Norris Williams defeated the defending champion William Johnston in the final, 4–6, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1916 U.S. National Championships.

The event was played on outdoor grass courts and held at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York from Monday, August 28 through Tuesday, September 5, 1916.
Lohmühlenstraße station
Lohmühlenstraße (German pronunciation: [loːˈmyːlɛnʃtʁaːsə]) is a public transport metro station for the rapid transit trains on the line U1 located in Hamburg, Germany in the quarter St. Georg in the Hamburg-Mitte borough.

The station is close to the St. Georg hospital and the main campus of the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences.

U1 (Hamburg U-Bahn)
The U1 is a line of the Hamburg U-Bahn which has a length of 55.383 kilometres (34.41 mi). It starts in Norderstedt Mitte and leads via the city center at Jungfernstieg and Hauptbahnhof Süd to Volksdorf where it divides in two branches, leading to Ohlstedt and Großhansdorf and serves 47 stations.