hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frogshall
Frogshall is a small hamlet within the civil parish of Northrepps in the English county of Norfolk. The hamlet is 5.2 miles (8.4 km) southeast of Cromer, 21.9 miles (35.2 km)  north of Norwich and 136 miles (219 km) north of London. Craft Lane  runs through the hamlet between Northrepps and Southrepps. The nearest railway station is at Gunton on the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport. The hamlet as part of the greater parish of Northrepps had in the 2011 census, a population of 886. For the purposes of local government, the hamlet falls within the district of North Norfolk.

Sheringham
Sheringham (/ˈʃɛrɪŋəm/; population 7,367) is a seaside town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The motto of the town, granted in 1953 to the Sheringham Urban District Council, is Mare Ditat Pinusque Decorat, Latin for "The sea enriches and the pine adorns".
Automatic bug fixing
Automatic bug-fixing is the automatic repair of software bugs without the intervention of a human programmer. It is also commonly referred to as automatic patch generation, automatic bug repair, or automatic program repair. The typical goal of such techniques is to automatically generate correct patches to eliminate bugs in software programs without causing software regression.

Conditional (computer programming)
In computer programming, a conditional statement directs  program control flow based on the value of a condition; a Boolean expression. A conditional expression evaluates to a value without the side-effect of changing control flow.

Many programming languages (such as C) have distinct conditional statements and expressions. In pure functional programming, a conditional expression does not have side-effects, many functional programming languages with conditional expressions (such as Lisp) support side-effects.
Peter Whigham
Peter George Whigham (6 March 1925 – 6 August 1987) was an English poet and translator, widely known for his translation of the poems of Catullus published by Penguin Books in 1966. He helped popularize the writings of authors like Ezra Pound, George Santayana, and William Carlos Williams.

George Santayana
George Santayana (born Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952) was a Spanish and U.S. philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Born in Spain, he moved to the United States at the age of eight.

As a philosopher, Santayana is known for aphorisms, such as "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it", and "Only the dead have seen the end of war", and his definition of beauty as "pleasure objectified". Although an atheist, Santayana respected the culture of the Spanish Catholic values, practices, and worldview, in which he was raised. As an intellectual, George Santayana was a broad-range cultural critic in several academic disciplines.

At the age of 48, he left his academic position at Harvard University and permanently returned to Europe; his last will was to be buried in the Spanish Pantheon in the Campo di Verano, Rome.
Robert Cochrane (witch)
Robert Cochrane (26 January 1931 – 3 July 1966), who was born as Roy Bowers, was an English occultist who founded the tradition of  Witchcraft known as The Clan of Tubal Cain.

Born in a working-class family in West London, he became interested in occultism after attending a Society for Psychical Research lecture, taking a particular interest in witchcraft. He founded one coven, but it soon collapsed.

He began to claim to have been born to a hereditary family of witches whose practices stretched back to at least the 17th century; these statements have later been dismissed. He subsequently went on to found a tradition known as The Clan of Tubal Cain, through which he propagated his Craft. In 1966, he died by suicide.

Cochrane continues to be seen as a key inspirational figure in the traditional witchcraft movement. 
Ever since his death, a number of Neopagan and magical groups have continued to adhere to his teachings.

Coven
A coven (/kʌvən/) is a group or gathering of witches. The word "coven" (from Anglo-Norman covent, cuvent, from Old French covent, from Latin conventum = convention) remained largely unused in English until 1921 when Margaret Murray promoted the idea that all witches across Europe met in groups of thirteen which they called "covens".
Fio Maravilha
João Batista de Sales (born January 19, 1945, in Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais), better known as Fio Maravilha, is a former Brazilian football player. In Brazil he played for Flamengo, Paysandu Sport Club, CEUB, Desportiva and São Cristóvão. Later he moved to the United States, where he played for the New York Eagles, the Montebello Panthers, and the San Francisco Mercury.

Paysandu Sport Club
Paysandu Sport Club, commonly referred to as Paysandu, is a Brazilian professional club based in Belém, Pará, founded on 2 February 1914. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, the third tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paraense, the top flight of the Pará state football league.
Figment (Disney)
Figment is a Disney character and mascot of the Imagination! pavilion at the Epcot theme park at Walt Disney World. He is a small purple dragon with a runaway imagination, which serves as a plot device in Journey into Imagination with Figment, the most recent edition of the pavilion, and he is featured in Epcot merchandise.

Dark ride
A dark ride—or ghost train when horror themed—is an indoor amusement ride on which passengers aboard guided vehicles travel through specially lit scenes that typically contain animation, sound, music and special effects. Appearing as early as the 19th century, such exhibits include tunnels of love, scary themes and interactive stories. Dark rides are intended to tell stories, with thematic elements that immerse riders, which unfold throughout the course of the attraction.
1905 Australasian Championships – Singles
Rodney Heath defeated Albert Curtis, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4, in the final to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1905 Australasian Championships. The event was played on Grass courts in Melbourne, Australia at Warehouseman's Cricket Ground. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and took place in November 1905.

Albert Cricket Ground
Albert Cricket Ground, also known as the Albert Reserve and previously as the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground, is a cricket ground in St Kilda, Victoria. It is operated by the Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC), and used as its primary home ground in the Victorian Premier Cricket competition.
Saron (instrument)
The saron is a musical instrument of Indonesia, which is used in the gamelan. It normally has seven bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame (rancak). It is usually about 20 cm (8 in) high, and is played on the floor by a seated performer. In a pelog scale, the bars often read 1-2-3-5-6-7 across (the number four is not used because of its relation to death) (in kepatihan numbering); for slendro, the bars are 6-1-2-3-5-6-1; this can vary from gamelan to gamelan, or even among instruments in the same gamelan. Slendro instruments commonly have only six keys. It provides the core melody (balungan) in the gamelan orchestra.

Slendro
Slendro (Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦿꦺꦴ) is one of the essential tuning systems used in gamelan instruments that have pentatonic scale. Based on Javanese mythology, the Slendro Gamelan tuning system is older than the pélog tuning system.
Christian meditation
Christian meditation is a form of prayer in which a structured attempt is made to become aware of and reflect upon the revelations of God. The word meditation comes from the Latin word meditārī, which has a range of meanings including to reflect on, to study, and to practice. Christian meditation is the process of deliberately focusing on specific thoughts (such as a Bible passage) and reflecting on their meaning in the context of the love of God.

Christian meditation aims to heighten the personal relationship based on the love of God that marks Christian communion. Both in Eastern and Western Christianity meditation is the middle level in a broad three-stage characterization of prayer: it involves more reflection than first level vocal prayer, but is more structured than the multiple layers of contemplative prayer. Teachings in both the Eastern and Western Christian churches have emphasized the use of Christian meditation as an element in increasing one's knowledge of Christ.

Thomas Merton
Thomas Merton OCSO (January 31, 1915 – December 10, 1968), religious name M. Louis, was an American Trappist monk, theologian, mystic, poet, and social activist. He was a professed member of the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani, near Bardstown, Kentucky, living there from 1941 to his death.

Merton wrote more than 50 books in a period of 27 years, mostly on spirituality, social justice, and pacifism, as well as scores of essays and reviews. Among Merton's most widely-read works is his bestselling autobiography The Seven Storey Mountain (1948).

Merton became a keen proponent of interfaith understanding, exploring Eastern religions through study and practice. He pioneered dialogue with prominent Asian spiritual figures.
Hugh McMillan (musician)
Hugh Richard Campbell McMillan  is a Canadian folk/jazz/rock musician.

McMillan was a member of the folk rock band Spirit of the West, and is a multi-instrumentalist who has played guitars, bass, banjo, trombone, mandolin, bozouki, Chapman stick, piano, and keyboards on the band's albums. He has also produced albums for a number of Canadian folk bands, and has collaborated with Canadian artists including Oscar Lopez, James Keelaghan.

Chapman Stick
The Chapman Stick is an electric musical instrument devised by Emmett Chapman in the early 1970s. A member of the guitar family, the Chapman Stick usually has ten or twelve individually tuned strings and is used to play bass lines, melody lines, chords, or textures. Designed as a fully polyphonic chordal instrument, it can also cover several of these musical parts simultaneously.

The Stick is available with passive or active pickup modules that are plugged into a separate instrument amplifier. With a special synthesizer pickup, it can be used to trigger synthesizers and send MIDI messages to electronic instruments.
1997 Grand Prix (snooker)
The 1997 Grand Prix was a professional snooker tournament and the first of eight WPBSA ranking events in the 1997/1998 season, preceding the UK Championship. It was held from 14 to 26 October 1997 at the Bournemouth International Centre in Bournemouth, England.

Mark Williams was the defending champion, but he lost his last 32 match against Matthew Stevens. Dominic Dale won his first ranking title by defeating John Higgins 9–6 in the final.

Bournemouth International Centre
The Bournemouth International Centre (commonly known as the BIC /ˈbɪk/) in Bournemouth, Dorset, was opened in September 1984. It is one of the largest venues for conferences, exhibitions, entertainment and events in southern England. Additionally, it is well known for hosting national conferences of major British political parties and trade unions.

In June 2022, it was announced that the building would undergo a £1.8 million refurbishment.
Mount White, New South Wales
Mount White is a rural locality on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Mount White is located 58 kilometres (36 mi) north of Sydney and 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of Gosford. The locality is adjacent to the Pacific Motorway. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area.

A National Heavy Vehicle Regulator heavy vehicle inspection station is located at Mount White.

Road transport in Australia
Road transport is an element of the Australian transport network, and contributes to the Australian economy. Australia relies heavily on road transport due to Australia's large area and low population density in considerable parts of the country.

Another reason for the reliance upon roads is that the Australian rail network has not been sufficiently developed for a lot of the freight and passenger requirements in most areas of Australia. This has meant that goods that would otherwise be transported by rail are moved across Australia via road trains. Almost every household owns at least one car, and uses it most days.

Victoria is the state with the highest density of arterial roads in Australia.
Plug Walk
"Plug Walk" is a hip-hop song by American rapper Rich the Kid, released as the second single to his debut album The World Is Yours (2018). The song, produced by The Lab Cook, was premiered through Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio program on February 9, 2018. The song was Rich the Kid's highest-charting song on the Billboard Hot 100, until the release of "Carnival" in 2024.

Apple Music 1
Apple Music 1, previously branded as Beats 1, is a 24/7 music radio station owned and operated by Apple Inc. It is accessible through iTunes or the Apple Music app on a computer, smartphone or tablet, smart speaker (such as the Apple HomePod), and through the Apple Music web browser app.

While a paid subscription is not needed, users are required to sign in with an Apple ID account to listen to the free radio stations. Apple Music Radio is streamed at 64 kbit/s and 256 kbit/s, utilising HTTP Live Streaming protocol and the HE-AAC audio codec, powered by StreamS Live Encoder.

Apple Music also operates five sister stations.
Batters faced
In baseball statistics, Batters Faced  (BF), also known as Total Batters Faced (TBF) or Batters Facing Pitcher (BFP) is the number of batters who made a plate appearance before the pitcher in a game or in a season.

For a given game, the number of plate appearances for an offense is 3×(Innings) + (Runs scored) + (Runners left on base).

Plate appearance
In baseball, a player is credited with a plate appearance (denoted by PA) each time he completes a turn batting. Under Rule 5.04(c) of the Official Baseball Rules, a player completes a turn batting when he is put out or becomes a runner. This happens when he strikes out or is declared out before reaching first base; or when he reaches first base safely or is awarded first base (by a base on balls, hit by pitch, catcher's interference, or obstruction); or when he hits a fair ball which causes a preceding runner to be put out for the third out before he himself is put out or reaches first base safely (see also left on base, fielder's choice, force play). A very similar baseball statistic, at bats, counts a subset of plate appearances that end under certain circumstances.
Ngadju Indigenous Protected Area
Ngadju Indigenous Protected Area is an Indigenous Protected Area in Western Australia. It covers an area of 43.993.01 km2 in the Goldfields-Esperance region.

The protected area was established in 2020. The Ngadju people serve as traditional custodians of the land.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
D-Block Boys
The D-Block Boys, also known as DBG, was an American criminal street gang that operated in Algiers, New Orleans, Louisiana. The gang has been involved in criminal activity including drug trafficking and multiple murders. According to NOPD, The "D-Block Gang" has a history of violations, along with involvement in violent crimes.
This gang is not to be confused with the Dumaine street drug ring operating out of the 6th Ward of New Orleans, which is also called D'Block.

New Orleans Police Department
The New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) has primary responsibility for law enforcement in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The department's jurisdiction covers all of Orleans Parish, while the city itself is divided into eight police districts.

The NOPD has a long history of civil rights violations, corruption and poor oversight. Since 2012, the NOPD has been in a federal consent decree where it has to implement sweeping reforms to address a wide array of structural problems identified by the U.S. Department of Justice in a 2011 report.  The NOPD exited the consent decree on November 19, 2025.
Lawrence G. Chait
Lawrence G. Chait (June 27, 1917 – July 18, 1997) was an American advertising executive and a pioneer in mail order and direct marketing. He served as the chairman of Lawrence G. Chait & Co., Inc., and was President of the Direct Marketing Club of New York. His political activities landed him on the master list of Nixon's political opponents.

Direct marketing
Direct marketing is a form of communicating an offer, where organizations communicate directly to a pre-selected customer and supply a method for a direct response. Among practitioners, it is also known as direct response marketing. In contrast to direct marketing, advertising is more of a mass-message nature.
Response channels include toll-free telephone numbers, reply cards, reply forms to be sent in an envelope, websites and email addresses.

The prevalence of direct marketing and the unwelcome nature of some communications has led to regulations and laws such as the CAN-SPAM Act, requiring that consumers in the United States be allowed to opt-out.
Storm Over Ceylon
Storm Over Ceylon (German: Das Todesauge von Ceylon, Italian: Tempesta su Ceylon) is a 1963 adventure film directed by Gerd Oswald and Giovanni Roccardi and starring Lex Barker, Ann Smyrner and Magali Noël. It was made as a co-production between West Germany, Italy and France.

It was shot at the Cinecitta Studios in Rome and on location in Sri Lanka.

Cinecittà
Cinecittà (pronounced [ˌtʃinetʃitˈta]; Italian for 'Cinema City') is a large film studio in Rome, Italy. With an area of 400,000 square metres (99 acres), it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the Fascist era as part of a plan to revive the Italian film industry and to compete with Hollywood.

Filmmakers such as Federico Fellini, Roberto Rossellini, Luchino Visconti, Sergio Leone, Bernardo Bertolucci, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, Mel Gibson and Luca Guadagnino have worked at Cinecittà. More than 3,000 movies have been filmed there, of which 90 received an Academy Award nomination and 47 of these won it. In the 1950s, the number of international productions being made there led to Rome being dubbed "Hollywood on the Tiber."
Aerodynamic center
In aerodynamics, the torques or moments acting on an airfoil moving through a fluid can be accounted for by the net lift and net drag applied at some point on the airfoil, and a separate net pitching moment about that point whose magnitude varies with the choice of where the lift is chosen to be applied. The aerodynamic center is the point at which the pitching moment coefficient for the airfoil does not vary with lift coefficient (i.e. angle of attack), making analysis simpler.

where  is the aircraft lift coefficient.

The lift and drag forces can be applied at a single point, the center of pressure. However, the location of the center of pressure moves significantly with a change in angle of attack and is thus impractical for aerodynamic analysis. Instead the aerodynamic center is used and as a result the incremental lift and drag due to change in angle of attack acting at this point is sufficient to describe the aerodynamic forces acting on the given body.

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
Paleogenomics
Paleogenomics is a field of science based on the reconstruction and analysis of genomic information in extinct species. Improved methods for the extraction of ancient DNA (aDNA) from museum artifacts, ice cores, archeological or paleontological sites, and next-generation sequencing technologies have spurred this field. It is now possible to detect genetic drift, ancient population migration and interrelationships, the evolutionary history of extinct plant, animal and Homo species, and identification of phenotypic features across geographic regions. Scientists can also use paleogenomics to compare ancient ancestors against modern-day humans. The rising importance of  paleogenomics is evident from the fact that the 2022 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was awarded to a Swedish geneticist Svante Pääbo [1955-], who worked on paleogenomics.

Evolutionary pressure
Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population, driving natural selection. It is a quantitative description of the amount of change occurring in processes investigated by evolutionary biology, but the formal concept is often extended to other areas of research.

In population genetics, selective pressure is usually expressed as a selection coefficient.
Chandrettan Evideya
Chandrettan Evideya (transl. Where is Chandrettan) is a 2015 Malayalam-language romantic fantasy comedy film directed by Sidharth Bharathan. The film was produced by Sameer Thahir, Shyju Khalid and Ashiq Usman. It stars Dileep alongside Anusree and Namitha Pramod in the main roles. It is the second directorial of Sidharth. The story and screenplay is penned by noted author Santhosh Echikkanam who had teamed up with Sidharth in his directorial debut Nidra (2012). The songs are composed by Prashant Pillai. Cinematography is handled by Shyju Khalid and editing by Bavan Sreekumar. The costumes are designed by Mashar T Hamsa.

Santhosh Aechikkanam
Santhosh Aechikkanam is an Indian writer of Malayalam literature and a screenwriter in Malayalam cinema. He is known for his short stories, which include Komala and Biriyani. He also wrote screenplays for films such as Annayum Rasoolum and Bachelor Party.
Principality of Göttingen
The Principality of Göttingen (German: Fürstentum Göttingen) was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire, with Göttingen as its capital. It was split off  from the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1286 in the course of an estate division among members of the ruling House of Welf. In 1495 the Göttingen lands were incorporated as integral part of the newly established Brunswick Principality of Calenberg, with which they stayed united until the territory was merged into the Electorate of Hanover.

Otto the Mild
Otto the Mild (24 June 1292 – 30 August 1344), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruled over the Brunswick part of the duchy.

Otto was the eldest son of Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Otto and his brothers succeeded on their father's death in 1318; he served as his brothers' guardian while they were not of age. In 1323, he acquired the Altmark from Brandenburg as an inheritance of his wife's; but he sold it in 1343, when he failed to establish control there.

Otto died in 1344 in Göttingen and was succeeded by his brothers.