hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
20th Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 20th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  The Regiment was officially raised on July 22, 1861, by William L. Brown, the first Colonel of the Regiment, in response to President Lincoln's call for volunteers.  At the time of muster, the regiment had 9 fighting companies lettered A-K along with a staff company for a total of 10 companies, roughly 1000 men.  The 20th Indiana saw engagements in most of the major battles of the American Civil War, including the action between the first ironclads at Hampton Roads, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Gettysburg, and the Siege of Petersburg.  The Regiment was part of the 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, III Corps for the duration of the war.

Philip Kearny
Philip Kearny Jr. (/ˈkɑːrni/; June 1, 1815 – September 1, 1862) was a United States Army officer, notable for his leadership in the Mexican–American War and American Civil War. He served in French Emperor Napoleon III's Imperial Guard at the Battle of Solferino.

The first U.S. citizen to be awarded the French Légion d'Honneur, he was killed in action in the 1862 Battle of Chantilly.
Spring Street Historic District
The Spring Street Historic District encompasses surviving elements of the 19th-century commercial and surviving residential areas of Portland, Maine.  Encompassing a portion of the city's Arts District and an eastern portion of its West End, the district has a significant concentration of residential and commercial buildings that survived the city's devastating 1866 fire.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

Arts District (Portland, Maine)
The Arts District is a section of downtown Portland, Maine’s designated in 1995 as to promote the cultural community and creative economy of the city. It covers a large part of upper Congress Street towards the West End and spans Congress Street toward the East ending at Portland City Hall and its Merrill Auditorium concert hall.
Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria
Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (Vienna, 29 July 1818 – Gross Seelowitz (Židlochovice Castle), 20 November 1874) was the second son of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (1771–1847) and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg, and the maternal grandfather of King Alfonso XIII of Spain.

A son of the "hero of Aspern", he started his military career in Infantry Regiment 57 in Brno. Later, he received command of a brigade in Italy and fought against the insurgents in Prague in 1848.

In 1859, he was a general in Moravia and Silesia and returned to Brno in 1860. He became a lieutenant field marshal of the Austrian Army. He was also awarded as a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
Clinical prediction rule
A clinical prediction rule or clinical probability assessment specifies how to use medical signs, symptoms, and other findings to estimate the probability of a specific disease or clinical outcome.

Physicians have difficulty in estimated risks of diseases; frequently erring towards overestimation, perhaps due to cognitive biases such as base rate fallacy in which the risk of an adverse outcome is exaggerated.

Base rate fallacy
The base rate fallacy, also called base rate neglect or base rate bias, is a type of fallacy in which people tend to ignore the base rate (e.g., general prevalence) in favor of the  information pertaining only to a specific case. Base rate neglect is a specific form of the more general extension neglect.

It is also called the prosecutor's fallacy or defense attorney's fallacy when applied to the results of statistical tests (such as DNA tests) in the context of law proceedings. These terms were introduced by William C. Thompson and Edward Schumann in 1987, although it has been argued that their definition of the prosecutor's fallacy extends to many additional invalid imputations of guilt or liability that are not analyzable as errors in base rates or Bayes's theorem.
Bandler, Australian Capital Territory
Bandler is a suburb of Canberra located in the Molonglo Valley district of the Australian Capital Territory. It was officially gazetted in September 2024 and is named after Faith Bandler, a prominent Indigenous rights activist. Street names in Bandler will adopt a theme around Australian social and cultural life. The suburb is located on hilly terrain north of the Molonglo River, east of John Gorton Drive and south of William Hovell Drive, adjacent to the suburb of Whitlam. The suburb masterplan describes a mixed-density neighbourhood, however as of 2025 no land releases have occurred and the suburb remains undeveloped.

Molonglo River
The Molonglo River is a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin. It is located in the Monaro and Capital Country regions of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, in Australia.
Khumib River
The river Khumib is an ephemeral river crossing the Kunene Region of north-western Namibia. It occasionally carries surface water during the rainy seasons in November and February/March. Its catchment area is estimated between 2200 and 2,300 square kilometres (890 sq mi).

The Khumib has its origin near the settlement of Orupembe in the remote north-west of Kunene. From there the river course passes westwards to the Skeleton Coast and drains into the Namib Desert. It only occasionally discharges into the Atlantic Ocean.

Ephemerality
Ephemerality (from Ancient Greek  ἐφήμερος (ephēmeros) 'lasting only a day') is the concept of things being transitory, existing only briefly. Academically, the term ephemeral constitutionally describes a diverse assortment of things and experiences, from digital media to types of ponds and streams. "There is no single definition of ephemerality". With respect to unique performances, for example, it has been noted that "[e]phemerality is a quality caused by the ebb and flow of the crowd's concentration on the performance and a reflection of the nostalgic character of specific performances". Because different people may value the passage of time differently, ephemerality may be a relative, perceptual concept: "In brief, what is short-lived may not be the object itself, but the attention we afford it".
Tyler Richards (basketball)
Tyler Bradley Richards (May 27, 1986 – April 17, 2016) was a former Canadian professional basketball player who played two seasons for the Halifax Rainmen of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL) as a combo guard. He was also one of the top high school basketball players in Canada and played at the collegiate level with St. Francis Xavier University.

Mulgrave Park
Mulgrave Park  is a residential neighbourhood in North End Halifax, Nova Scotia. It consists of local public housing along Barrington Street. It is also referred to as MGP by most residents.

The 351 unit development was completed in October 1960, after which Mulgrave Park won numerous awards for its quality. The neighbourhood houses several large murals, visible from Barrington Street, one of Halifax's main arterial roads.
2005 Big Ten baseball tournament
The 2005 Big Ten Conference baseball tournament was held at Illinois Field on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in Champaign, Illinois, from May 15 through 19. The top six teams from the regular season participated in the double-elimination tournament, the twenty fourth annual tournament sponsored by the Big Ten Conference to determine the league champion. Ohio State won their seventh tournament championship and earned the Big Ten Conference's automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Ohio State Buckeyes baseball
The Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team is the college baseball team of Ohio State University. The program, founded in 1881, was the first athletic team in Ohio State history. Bill Davis Stadium in Columbus, Ohio, has been the home field of the program since 1997. The team won a National Title in 1966, and also 14 Big Ten Titles throughout the team's history. Ohio State has produced many professional baseball players, such as major leaguers Steve Arlin, Frank Howard, Nick Swisher, Barry Bonnell, Dave Burba, and Fred Taylor.
Day Off (TV program)
Day Off is a Philippine television reality show broadcast by QTV, Q and GMA News TV. The show awards people with a day off from their job. Originally hosted by Pekto and Carmina Villarroel, it premiered from November 12, 2005. The show concluded on May 25, 2019 with a total of 746 episodes. Janine Gutierrez and Ken Chan served as the final hosts.

Q (Philippine TV network)
Q (formerly QTV and stylized as Qtv, standing for Quality Television) was a television network in the Philippines run by GMA Network Inc. through Citynet Network Marketing and Productions, Inc. The network primarily aired lifestyle and entertainment programs particularly aimed towards women. Its flagship station was DZOE-TV, which GMA ran as part of a lease with its owner, ZOE Broadcasting Network (who also aired programming on Q's schedule as part of the agreement, which also granted it access to technical resources from GMA).

On February 20, 2011, Q was discontinued in preparation for the launch of a new secondary network, GMA News TV, which later rebranded to GTV on February 22, 2021.
Bahadur Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
Lieutenant-General Sir Bahadur Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (Nepali: बहादुर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा) C.B.E GCSI was a Nepalese diplomat. He was the first Nepalese Ambassador to the United Kingdom.

He was born in 1892 to Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana and Padma Kumari. In 1934, Rana was appointed as the first Nepalese Ambassador to the United Kingdom by his father. In 1936, He was succeeded by Krishna Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana. He died in 1977 in Bahadur Bhawan, Kathmandu. His son Nara Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana served as the second police chief of Nepal Police.

He was gifted the Charburja Durbar which he later sold to Prince Basundhara of Nepal.

Inspector general of police (Nepal)
The Inspector general of police (IGP) is the senior-most and highest ranked police officer of Nepal and the head of the Nepalese Police Force, who oversees all police activities throughout the country and reports directly to the Ministry of Home Affairs and is appointed by the government of Nepal for a tenure of four years, although two IGPs have served for six years.
Trillium undulatum
Trillium undulatum, commonly called painted trillium, painted lady (not to be confused with the painted lady butterfly), or trille ondulé in French, is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family Melanthiaceae. It is also known as smiling wake robin or striped wake-robin. The specific epithet undulatum means "wavy", which refers to the wavy edges of the flower petals. The plant is found from Ontario in the north to northern Georgia in the south and from Michigan in the west to Nova Scotia in the east.

Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family Liliaceae, in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of lilies, while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family Trilliaceae. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APG system), places the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. Circumscribed in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera.

Familiar members of the family include the genera Paris and Trillium.
Mike Larrison
Mike Larrison (born November 7, 1981) is an American racing driver from Avon, Indiana.

Larrison competed in the Xtreme Sprint Car Series in 2010 and 2011, finishing tenth and eleventh in points respectively. He also made two USAC Midget starts and four USAC Silver Crown starts over that time period. He signed with Andretti Autosport to make his Firestone Indy Lights debut in October 2011 at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway but was injured in a testing crash at Kentucky Speedway prior to the race and was not cleared to participate. He made his Indy Lights debut the following season with Belardi Auto Racing in the Freedom 100. Larrison drove in three more oval races later in the season for the team with a best finish of ninth (twice) and finished fourteenth in points.

Indy NXT
Indy NXT (pronounced "Indy Next"), previously Indy Lights, is an American developmental automobile racing series sanctioned by IndyCar, currently known as INDY NXT by Firestone for sponsorship reasons. Indy NXT is the highest step on the Road to Indy, a program of racing series leading up to the IndyCar Series.

A similar series named Indy Lights filled the developmental role for the CART series, and ran from 1986 to 1993 as the American Racing Series and Dayton Indy Lights from 1991 to 2001. The current IndyCar sanctioned series was founded in 2002 as the Infiniti Pro Series as a way to introduce new talent to IndyCar, with the moniker Indy Lights returning in 2008 when CART and IndyCar unified. The Indy Lights champion was awarded a $1M scholarship toward the IndyCar Series, and guaranteed three races including the Indianapolis 500 during this time. For 2023, Penske Entertainment announced a rebranding to the name Indy NXT.
Hattie N. Harrison
Hattie N. Harrison (February 11, 1928 – January 28, 2013) was an American politician who served in the Maryland General Assembly from 1973. Harrison was the chairperson of the Maryland House of Delegates Rules and Executive Nominations Committee, and was the first African-American woman to chair a legislative committee in Maryland.

Maryland General Assembly
The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland that convenes within the State House in Annapolis. It is a bicameral body: the upper chamber, the Maryland Senate, has 47 representatives, and the lower chamber, the Maryland House of Delegates, has 141 representatives. Members of both houses serve four-year terms. Each house elects its own officers, judges the qualifications and election of its own members, establishes rules for the conduct of its business, and may punish or expel its own members.

The General Assembly convenes its legislative session for 90 days each year to act on more than 2,300 bills including the state's annual budget, which it must pass before adjourning sine die. The General Assembly's 446th session convened on January 10, 2024.
Lewandowski
Lewandowski (Polish pronunciation: [lɛvanˈdɔfskʲi]; feminine Lewandowska) is a Polish-language surname. In other languages it may be transliterated as Lewandowsky, Levandovski, Levandovsky,  Levandoski, etc.

In 2009 it was the seventh most common surname in Poland (93,404 people in 2009).

It is unlikely to be derived from the place name "Lewandów", because the surname was registered much earlier than the settlement was founded. It is associated with the name of the plant lavender. An early record of the surname is dated by 1908.

Lists of most common surnames in European countries
This article contains lists of the most common surnames in most of the countries of Europe, including Armenia, Kosovo, and five transcontinental countries but excluding five European microstates. Countries are arranged in alphabetical order.
Field marshal (Libya)
The rank of field marshal (Arabic: مشير, romanized: Mushir) is a five-star rank in the current Libyan military, the Libyan National Army (LNA). General Khalifa Haftar, commander of the LNA since 2 March 2015, was promoted to the rank of field marshal on 14 September 2016 by the decision of the House of Representatives (HoR), a partially recognized legislature located in the city of Tobruk, in the eastern Libyan region of Cyrenaica.

Haftar was promoted in recognition for his leadership in the Operation Surprise Lightning, capturing the four key oil ports (Sidra, Ra's Lanuf, Brega and Zuwetina) in the Gulf of Sirte from the Petroleum Facilities Guard (PFG) during the ongoing Libyan Civil War.

Subdivisions of Libya
Subdivisions of Libya have varied significantly over the last two centuries. Initially Libya under Ottoman and Italian control was organized into three to four provinces, then into three governorates (muhafazah) and after World War II into twenty-five districts (baladiyah). Successively into thirty-two districts (shabiyat) with three administrative regions, and then into twenty-two districts (shabiyat). In 2012 the ruling General National Congress  divided the country into governorates (muhafazat) and districts (baladiyat).  While the districts have been created, the governorates have not.
Eksteen
Eksteen is a surname of South African origin, being a variant of Eckstein, a German occupational surname meaning "cornerstone" and referring to a stonemason. Notable people with the surname include:

Cindy Eksteen (born 1977), South African former cricketer

Clive Eksteen (born 1966), South African cricketer

Fred Eksteen (born 1991), South African rugby union player

Leighton Eksteen (born 1994), South African rugby union player

Ryno Eksteen (born 1994), South African rugby union player

Cindy Eksteen
Cindy Elizabeth Eksteen (born 21 November 1977) is a South African former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter and right-arm fast-medium bowler. She appeared in one Test match and 36 One Day Internationals for South Africa between 1997 and 2004, including captaining the side in 1999 and 2002. She played domestic cricket for Free State, North West, Northerns and Easterns.
Attilianus
Attilianus was a sculptor of ancient Rome. He was a native of Aphrodisias in Asia Minor. One of his productions, a statue of a muse, was, at least as late as the 19th century, in the Uffizi at Florence. His time is uncertain.

Pottery and other earthenware vessels bearing the stamp of an artist named Attilianus have also been found in  excavations of Roman Britain, though it is unknown if this is the same artist, or different, or if there is any relation. These may originate from a now vanished island, predating the conquest of Julius Caesar, on which a pottery workshop was located.

Muses
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, romanized: Moúsai, [ˈmuː.sai̯]; singular: Μοῦσα, Moúsa, [ˈmuː.sa]; Greek: Μούσες, romanized: Múses, [ˈmuː.ses]) were the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture.

The number and names of the Muses differed by region, but from the Classical period the number of Muses was standardized to nine, and their names were generally given as Calliope, Clio, Polyhymnia, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Erato, Melpomene, Thalia, and Urania.

In modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.
Fieger
Fieger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Fieger (1893–1960), German architect, designer, and teacher

Doug Fieger (1952–2010), American singer–songwriter and musician

Geoffrey Fieger (born 1950), American attorney

Doug Fieger
Douglas Lars Fieger (August 20, 1952 – February 14, 2010) was an American musician, singer and songwriter. He was the rhythm guitarist and lead vocalist of the rock band the Knack. He co-wrote "My Sharona," the biggest hit song of 1979 in the U.S., with lead guitarist Berton Averre.
Janette Forrest
Janette Forrest (other writing Jeanette Forrest) is an English curler.

At the national level, she is a two-time English women's champion (1976, 1979) curler.

At the international level, she competed for England as a skip at one World Women's Championship in 1979 (finishing 11th) and two European Championships (best result was a 5th-place finish).

Skip (curling)
In the sport of curling, the skip is the captain of a team. The skip determines strategy, and holds the broom in the house (target area) to indicate where a teammate at the other end of the curling sheet (playing area) should aim the stone. The skip usually throws the last two stones in the fourth position, but may play in any other position.

Sometimes "skipper" is used; it can also be abbreviated as "S". It's also used as a verb ("skips", "skipped", "skipping").

It is conventional to identify a team by the name of the skip.
Ring Mountain (California)
Ring Mountain is an elevated landform on the Tiburon Peninsula in Marin County, California. This mountain was named for George E. Ring, who served as a Marin County Supervisor from 1895 to 1903.

A number of rare and endangered plant species inhabit Ring Mountain. The mountain's twin summits consist of serpentinite, a rock which is very high in magnesium, producing soils of unusual chemistry (serpentine soil).  The landscape is strewn with many sizable boulders which exhibit a variety of lithologies including high-pressure metamorphic rocks of amphibolite, blueschist, greenschist, and eclogite grade.

Native American pecked curvilinear nucleated petroglyphs created by the Coast Miwok people are also found here.

Eclogite
Eclogite ( /ˈɛklədʒaɪt/) is a metamorphic rock containing garnet (almandine-pyrope) hosted in a matrix of sodium-rich pyroxene (omphacite). Accessory minerals include kyanite, rutile, quartz, lawsonite, coesite, amphibole, phengite, paragonite, zoisite, dolomite, corundum and, rarely, diamond. The chemistry of primary and accessory minerals is used to classify three types of eclogite (A, B, and C). The broad range of eclogitic compositions has led to a longstanding debate on the origin of eclogite xenoliths as subducted, altered oceanic crust.

The name eclogite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for 'choice' (εκλογή, eklogḗ), meaning 'chosen rock' on account of its perceived beauty. It was first named by René Just Haüy in 1822 in the second edition of his work Traité de minéralogie.
Blk & Blu
"Blk & Blu" is a song by British record production duo Chase & Status, featuring vocals from British singer Ed Thomas. It was released independently on 24 March 2014 as the fourth single from their third studio album Brand New Machine. However, the song charted prior to independent release and entered the UK Singles Chart at number 181 upon the album release, rising to number 48 after release. The Preditah remix premiered on DJ Target's BBC Radio 1 show on 8 February 2014, and the Calibre remix premiered on UKF Drum & Bass on 9 February 2014.

UKF Music
UKF (short for United Kingdom and Frome) is a record label founded by Luke Hood that focuses on promoting electronic music. Hood began sharing bass music through his original two YouTube channels, UKF Drum & Bass and UKF Dubstep, in 2009. The UKF brand has since expanded to five YouTube channels: UKF Music, UKF Dubstep, UKF Drum & Bass, UKF Mixes and UKF On Air. UKF has expanded beyond its YouTube channels to creating compilation series and podcasts, organizing events, offering merchandise as well as its own ticketing platform.