hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nepenthes lavicola
Nepenthes lavicola (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌlævɪˈkoʊlə/; from Latin: lavicola growing upon lava) is a tropical pitcher plant species endemic to the Geureudong Massif of Aceh, northern Sumatra, where it grows at 2,000–2,600 m above sea level. It is thought to be most closely related to N. singalana and N. spectabilis.

Nepenthes lavicola is notable for its very prominent bracts, which often overarch the flowers and may be up to 7 cm long at the base of female inflorescences. This species is also unusual in that it bears up to two bracts per pedicel or partial peduncle.

Swiss botanist Albert Friedrich Frey-Wyssling mentioned N. lavicola in a 1931 article as an unidentified Nepenthes species.

Nepenthes lavicola has no known natural hybrids. No forms or varieties have been described.

Geureudong
Geureudong or Bur ni Geureudong or Bur ni Telong is a stratovolcanic complex in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The official name of the whole complex is confusing between the two adjacent volcanoes: Bur ni Geureudong and Bur ni Telong. Two other volcanic cones are Salah Nama and Pepanji, and there are small sediment hills. Bur ni Geureudong has been eroded since the Pleistocene age, but has solfatara and hot springs on its flanks. Bur ni Telong is located in the south of Bur ni Geureudong. Bur ni Telong has active crater that lava flows are exposed in the southern flank.
Museum Ovartaci
Museum Ovartaci in Aarhus, Denmark is a combined art and historical museum dedicated to the history of psychiatric treatment and art produced by patients at the Risskov Psychiatric Hospital. It was a  part of Aarhus University Hospital  in the same buildings as the Psychiatric Hospital in Risskov, but now it is located on Katrinebjergvej in Aarhus N. The museum also offers social programmes directed at psychiatric patients, including an open atelier, and creative workshops.

The hospital opened in 1852 under the name “Jydske Asyl” (English: Jutish Asylum) in buildings designed by Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll. The art museum is on the ground floor of the building and holds a collection 12.000 works by psychiatric patients of which 850 are on display. Central to the exhibition is works by the painter and sculptor Louis Marcussen, also known as Ovartaci, who was a patient in the hospital for 56 years, from 1929 until her death in 1985, and after whom the museum is named.

Aarhus University Hospital
Aarhus University Hospital (AUH) is a university hospital located in Aarhus, Denmark. The hospital develops and provides highly specialised medical treatment, research and education at an international level. The university hospital's headquarters and main department, known as The New University Hospital (DNU), is the largest single hospital in Denmark and one of the largest in Europe.

Aarhus University Hospital is the local hospital for citizens in Aarhus and the island of Samsø, but also offers specialised treatments to the citizens of the Central Denmark Region and other regions in Denmark. It has been ranked the best hospital in Denmark consecutively since 2008.
Julia Hurley (actress)
Julia R. Hurley (May 11, 1848 – June 4, 1927) was an American actress who found popularity in her senior years in silent films. She is best remembered today as the 'landlady with the lamp' in the John Barrymore classic Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 1920, a role for which she is uncredited. This film is her most readily available film today.

Hurley's film debut occurred in Corporal Truman's War Story when she was 63 years old. She worked for many of the early film studios i.e.: Biograph, Kalem, Essanay, Reliance, Imp, Champion and Solax. On Broadway, she portrayed Mrs. Coberg in Blossom Time.

As with most people born in the Victorian era, Hurley probably enjoyed a theatrical career acting in provinces or regional theatre and touring before making her first film in 1909. She continued with films until 1926.

She died June 4, 1927, of chronic myocarditis and nephritis.

Independent Moving Pictures
The Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP) was a motion picture studio and production company founded in 1909 by Carl Laemmle. The company was based in New York City, with production facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey. In 1912, IMP merged with several other production companies to form  Universal Film Manufacturing Company, later renamed Universal Pictures Company with Laemmle as president.
Ture (Zande character)
Ture is a character in the folklore of the Zande people of North Central Africa. A trickster figure, he is "the chief character in Zande folktales", in which he employs what among the Azande is called sanza, or speech with a double meaning. According to E. E. Evans-Pritchard, who collected and published a number of Zande stories, most of them involve Ture.

In one Zande animal story, he is named in a short song as someone who might call a child to entice it away from her mother.

He is also named in a proverb: ba iwafu ture a du sa, "Ture...had only one operator of the rubbing-board oracle". This is glossed as, "A man has only one real friend among so many acquaintances, who is the one who helps him. There are not many people who would help a man. There are very few who would help him."

E. E. Evans-Pritchard
Sir Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard FBA FRAI (21 September 1902 – 11 September 1973) was an English anthropologist who was instrumental in the development of social anthropology. He was Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Oxford from 1946 to 1970.
Zosterops
Zosterops (meaning "eye-girdle") is a genus of passerine birds containing the typical white-eyes in the white-eye family Zosteropidae. The genus has the largest number of species in the white-eye family. They occur in the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and Australasian realms. Typical white-eyes have a length of between 8 and 15 cm (3 and 6 in). Their most characteristic feature is a conspicuous white feather ring around the eye, though some species lack it. The species in this group vary in the structural adaptations of the tongue. The Zosterops [griseotinctus] group is an example of a "great speciator" inhabiting a vast area and showing a remarkable morphological differentiation on islands, some of which may be as close as 2 km (1.2 mi) apart.

Australasian realm
The Australasian realm is one of eight  biogeographic realms that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia. The realm includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccas (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku), and the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas.

The Australasian realm also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian realm.  The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan realm. In the classification scheme developed by Miklos Udvardy, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and New Zealand are placed in the Oceanian realm.
Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking
Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (2005) is Canadian writer Malcolm Gladwell's second book. It presents in popular science format research from psychology and behavioral economics on the adaptive unconscious: mental processes that work rapidly and automatically from relatively little information. It considers both the strengths of the adaptive unconscious, for instance in expert judgment, and its pitfalls, such as prejudice and stereotypes.

Popular science
Popular science (also called pop-science or popsci) is an interpretation of science intended for a general audience. It is presented in many forms, including books, film and television documentaries, magazine articles, and web pages.

It may be written by scientists themselves or by professional journalists. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more broad ranging.
Gymnastics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's vault
The men's vault competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics was held at Earls Court Exhibition Centre on 12 and 13 August. It was the seventh appearance of the event. There were 120 competitors from 16 nations, with each nation sending a team of up to 8 gymnasts. The event was won by Paavo Aaltonen of Finland with fellow Finn Olavi Rove finishing second; the medals were the nation's first in the men's vault. There was a three-way tie for third place resulting in three bronze medals being awarded to János Mogyorósi-Klencs and Ferenc Pataki of Hungary and Leo Sotorník of Czechoslovakia.

Olavi Rove
Olavi Rove (29 July 1915 – 22 May 1966) was a Finnish gymnast and Olympic Champion.

He was born and died in Helsinki.

He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London where he received a gold medal in team combined exercises, and a silver medal in vault. 
At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki he received a bronze medal in team combined exercises with the Finnish team.  Additionally, he competed at the 1950 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships where he helped his team to the silver medal, won individual silvers in the rings, vault, and parallel bars apparatuses, and won an individual bronze in the individual all-around combined exercises.
Qasam, Yemen
Qasam is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate. Qasam was the capital of the Tamimi tribe, aligned with the Qu'aiti state. The Tamimi country was interspersed between the Kathiri cities of Tarim and Seiyun.

Hadhramaut Governorate
Hadhramaut Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حضرموت, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥaḍramawt) is a governorate of Yemen. Lying within the large historical region of Hadhramaut, it is the country's largest governorate. The capital of Hadhramaut is the city of Mukalla. Other cities in Hadhramaut include the historical towns of Shibam, Sena, Seiyun, Tarim, and Ash Shihr.

The Socotra Archipelago was transferred from the Aden Governorate to the Hadhramaut Governorate in 2004. It was subsequently separated to create Socotra Governorate in December 2013.
Shaw PPV
Shaw PPV was a Canadian English and French language pay-per-view service owned by Shaw Pay-Per-View Limited, a division of Shaw Communications. Shaw PPV was carried by Shaw Direct, Shaw Cable, and some other providers, mainly (but not exclusively) in Western Canada.

As the service was carried by a number of cable operators unaffiliated with Shaw, the service uses generic "PPV" branding and avoids references to its ownership on the service itself; however some print and Web advertising for PPV programming on Shaw's cable and satellite services does use the name "Shaw Pay Per View". The French-language channels use the brand TALC (télé à la carte, or "TV by order").

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Winamac Fish and Wildlife Area
Winamac Fish and Wildlife Area is a protected area dedicated to providing hunting and fishing opportunities while maintaining 4,770 acres (1,930 ha) of oak forest and upland fields. It is located on U.S. Route 35, north of Winamac, Indiana.

In the 1930s the U.S. Department of the Interior purchased 6,454 acres (2,612 ha) of marginal farm land along the Tippecanoe River. The land was developed as a recreation demonstration area. In 1943 the property given to the State of Indiana as Tippecanoe River State Park. In 1959 the 3,720 acres (1,510 ha) moved to the Division of Fish and Game.

U.S. Route 35
U.S. Route 35 (US 35) is a United States Highway that runs southeast–northwest for approximately 412 miles (663 km) from the western suburbs of Charleston, West Virginia to northern Indiana. Although the highway is physically southeast–northwest, it is nominally north–south in West Virginia and Indiana and east–west in Ohio. The highway's southern terminus is in Teays Valley, West Virginia, near Scott Depot, at Interstate 64 (I-64). Its northern terminus is near Michigan City, Indiana, at US 20. The West Virginia portion of the highway is mostly expressway, becoming a freeway shortly before it crosses the Ohio River into Ohio. The Ohio portion has been upgraded to a four-lane highway/freeway between the West Virginia state line and Trotwood, west of Dayton.
Abderrahmane Kaidi
Abderrahmane Kaidi is a biologist whose research focused on cancer and DNA damage. He is best known for committing research fraud that led to his resignation as a lecturer at the University of Bristol. In 2018, he was investigated by the university for alleged misconducts in behaviour and research issues. He was found guilty of faking research, which he admitted as a mean to impress other scientists for collaboration and were not for publication.

The University of Cambridge also investigated Kaidi's research while he worked as a postdoctoral scholar at the Gurdon Institute from where he published several papers on DNA damage. Two articles, published one each in the journal Science (in 2010) and Nature (in 2013), were retracted simultaneously on 11 April 2019 following evidence of data fabrications.

Cancer research
Cancer research is research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure.

Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the performance of clinical trials to evaluate and compare applications of the various cancer treatments. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. Starting in the mid-1990s, the emphasis in clinical cancer research shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as cancer immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Cancer research is done in academia, research institutes, and corporate environments, and is largely government funded.
Marion Township, St. Francois County, Missouri
Marion Township is an inactive township in St. Francois County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It contains part of the census-designated place of Goose Creek Lake.

Marion Township was erected in 1836, taking its name from Francis Marion, an army officer during the American Revolutionary War.

Francis Marion
Brigadier General  Francis Marion (c. 1732 – February 27, 1795), also known as the "Swamp Fox", was an American military officer, planter, and politician who served during the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War. During the American Revolution, Marion supported the Patriot cause and enlisted in the Continental Army, fighting against British forces in the southern theater of the American Revolutionary War from 1780 to 1781.

Though he never commanded a field army or served as a commander in a major engagement, Marion's use of irregular warfare against the British has led him to be considered one of the fathers of guerrilla and maneuver warfare, and his tactics form a part of the modern-day military doctrine of the U.S. Army's 75th Ranger Regiment.
Pterostylis vernalis
Pterostylis vernalis, commonly known as the spring tiny greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to New South Wales. As with similar orchids, the flowering plants differ from those that are not currently flowering. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves at the base. Flowering plants lack that rosette, but have one or two rosettes on lateral growths. The flowers are green, brown and white. This greenhood is only known from a small area near Nowra.

Nowra
Nowra (/naʊərə/ NOW-rə) is a city in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 160 kilometres (99 mi) south-southwest of the state capital of Sydney (about 120 kilometres (75 mi) as the crow flies). As of the 2021 census, Nowra has an estimated population of 22,584. Situated in the southern reaches of the Sydney basin, Nowra is the seat and commercial centre of the City of Shoalhaven.

The region around Nowra is a farming community with a thriving dairy industry and a significant amount of state-owned forest land. It is also an increasingly popular retirement and leisure area for people from Canberra and Sydney. The naval air station HMAS Albatross is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of Nowra.
Reststrahlen effect
The Reststrahlen effect (German: “residual rays”) is a reflectance phenomenon in which electromagnetic radiation within a narrow energy band cannot propagate within a given medium due to a change in refractive index concurrent with the specific absorbance band of the medium in question; this narrow energy band is termed the Reststrahlen band.

As a result of this inability to propagate, normally incident Reststrahlen-band radiation experiences strong reflection or total reflection from that medium. The energies at which Reststrahlen bands occur vary and are particular to the individual compound. Numerous physical attributes of a compound will have an effect on the appearance of the Reststrahlen band. These include phonon band-gap, particle/grain size, strongly absorbing compounds, compounds with optically opaque bands in the infrared.

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
Wi Chaa Pae
Wi Chaa Pae (Thai: วิชาแพะ) was the eleventh album by Thai folk rock band Carabao. It was released in December 1991 under the record label D-Day Entertainment. The album has several music styles, some popular songs from this album include Wi Chaa Pae, Narok Corruption, Big Su (this song tribute too Suraphol Sombatcharoen and Nga Caravan), Lek Khiew Rock Alone, Nai Kor, Phor Lee, Hua Jai Ram Wong. Coca-Cola was sponsor for this album.

Suraphol Sombatcharoen
Suraphol Sombatcharoen (25 September 1930 – 16 August 1968) (Thai: สุรพล สมบัติเจริญ) was a Thai luk thung singer and former Air force officer. Dubbed the "King of Luk Thung", he was one of the first and most important stars of the genre. He was fatally shot while seated in his own car after a live performance in Nakhon Pathom.
Al-Jamel
al-Jamel (Arabic: الجامل, romanized: ash-Shāmil; Turkish: Çemilli or Çamıl), alternatively spelled Shamil, is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. Situated on the Jarabulus Plain's wetlands towards river Euphrates, the village is located 4 km (2.5 mi) to the south of Jarabulus, and about 5 km (3.1 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Gaziantep. It is inhabited by Turkmen of the Barak tribe.

With 2,091 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, al-Jamel administratively belongs to Nahiya Jarabulus within Jarabulus District. Nearby localities include Marma al-Hajar 2 km (1.2 mi) to the northwest, and Amarnah 3 km (1.9 mi) to the south.

Barak (tribe)
Barak, commonly referred to as Barak Turkmens (Turkish: Barak Türkmenleri), is a Turkoman tribe that mainly originates in the Barak Plain (Turkish: Barak Ovası) in the southeastern portion of the province of Gaziantep in south-central Turkey.
Easley Pioneer Museum
Easley Pioneer Museum is located at the corner of Mills Street and West Broadway in Ipava, Illinois. The museum is privately owned by a descendant of the original Easley family. The Easley family founded the town of Ipava, Illinois and many descendants of the original family still live in the area. The museum houses a large collection of Easley family genealogical information as well as a very large collection of artifacts related to the World War II Army camp, Camp Ellis.

One building of the museum complex is the restored former Freeman School #179 - a one-room schoolhouse in Fulton County, Illinois. The museum houses what is believed to be the original log cabin school of John Easley, the father of Ipava. The largest collection of the museum relates to the World War II Army camp, Camp Ellis, which was located nearby.

By November 1949, Camp Ellis proper, minus designated areas the Illinois National Guard retained was declared excess and was approved for disposal on 1 December 1949.

Fulton County, Illinois
Fulton County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 33,609. Its county seat is Lewistown, and the largest city is Canton. Fulton County comprises the Canton, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Peoria-Canton, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Comodo Internet Security
Comodo Internet Security (CIS) is developed and distributed by Comodo Group, a freemium Internet security suite that includes an antivirus program, personal firewall, sandbox, host-based intrusion prevention system (HIPS) and website filtering.

PCMag
PC Magazine (shortened as PCMag) is an American computer magazine published by Ziff Davis. A print edition was published from 1982 to January 2009. Publication of online editions started in late 1994 and continues as of 2026.
Architextiles
Architextiles refers to a broad range of projects and approaches that combine architecture, textiles, and materials science. Architextiles explore textile-based approaches and inspirations for creating structures, spaces, surfaces, and textures. Architextiles contribute to the creation of adaptable, interactive, and process-oriented spaces.: 5  Awning is the most basic type of architectural textile. In Roman times, a velarium was used as an awning to cover the entire cavea, the seating area within amphitheaters, serving as a protection for the spectators against the sun.

Hylozoic Ground, on the other hand, is a modern and complex architextile example. Hylozoic Ground is an interactive architecture model presented in the 18th Biennale of Sydney. Olympiastadion is another example of modern architecture presented in an unusual way.

Interactive computing
In computer science, interactive computing refers to software which accepts input from the user as it runs.

Interactive software includes commonly used programs, such as word processors or spreadsheet applications. By comparison, non-interactive programs operate without user intervention; examples of these include compilers and batch processing applications that are pre-programmed to run independently.

Interactive computing focuses on real-time interaction ("dialog") between the computer and the operator, and the technologies that enable them.

If the response of the computer system is complex enough, it is said that the system is conducting social interaction; some systems try to achieve this through the implementation of social interfaces.

The nature of interactive computing as well as its impact on users, are studied extensively in the field of computer interaction.