hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bombus citrinus
Bombus citrinus is a species of bumblebee known commonly as the lemon cuckoo bumblebee due to its lemon-yellow color. It is native to eastern North America.

This is a cuckoo bumblebee, one that invades the colonies of other bumblebees, kills the resident queen, and takes control over the population of workers inside. Host bees for this species include the common eastern bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) and the half-black bumblebee (B. vagans).

Before the queen invades a nest she forages on various plants, such as asters, thistles, snakeroots, blazing-stars, mountain-mints, and goldenrods.

Aster (genus)
Aster is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 170 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae. Aster amellus is the type species of the genus and the family Asteraceae.

The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀστήρ (astḗr), meaning 'star', referring to the shape of the flower head. Many species, varieties, and hybrids, sometimes known as Michaelmas daisies for their late blooming, are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colourful flowers. 'Aster' species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species.
Al-Kuliya, Jarabulus
Al-Kuliya (Arabic: الكلية; Turkish: Kullu, كلله), is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. With 590 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, Al-Kuliya administratively belongs to Ghandoura Subdistrict within Jarabulus District. The village is inhabited by Turkmen.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Nigeria Customs Broadcasting Network
The Nigeria Customs Broadcasting Network (NCBN) is the media wing of the Nigerian Customs Service. Planned to operate radio and television stations in major cities across the country, it currently only broadcasts on radio (106.7 MHz FM) and television in Abuja.

In 2020, the NCS entered into a technical partnership with a private company to assist it in the development of FM radio and television services in each of the country's six geopolitical zones, with the goal of "rebranding the NCS, promoting business opportunities and increasing security awareness in Nigeria", per a spokesperson for the agency. Television and radio operations in Abuja and Lagos were listed as the highest priority.

Geopolitical zones of Nigeria
The Federal Republic of Nigeria is divided into six geopolitical zones, commonly called zones. They are a type of administrative division grouping the country's states, created during the regime of president General Sani Abacha. Nigerian economic, political, and educational resources are often shared across the zones.: 98

The six zones were not entirely carved out based on geographic location, but rather states with similar ethnic groups, and/or common political history were classified in the same zones. Nigeria is made up of approximately 400 ethnic groups and 525 languages. There was a need for the government to merge similar groups for the effective allocation of resources.
Thibault Damour
Thibault Damour (French: [tibo damuʁ]; born 7 February 1951) is a French physicist.

He was a permanent professor in theoretical physics at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHÉS) from 1989 to 2022. Since then, he is professor emeritus.

An expert in general relativity, he has long taught this theory at the École Normale Supérieure (Ulm). He contributed greatly to the modelling of gravitational waves from compact binary systems, and with Alessandra Buonanno, he invented the "effective one-body" approach to representing the orbital trajectories of binary black holes.

In 2021 he was awarded, with Alessandra Buonanno, the Balzan Prize for Gravitation: physical and astrophysical aspects as well as the Galileo Galilei Medal and the Dirac Medal of the ICTP, both also shared with Frans Pretorius.

Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques
The Institut des hautes études scientifiques (IHÉS; English: Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies) is a French research institute supporting advanced research in mathematics and theoretical physics (also with a small theoretical biology group). It is located in Bures-sur-Yvette, just south of Paris. It is an independently governed research institute and a founding member of the University of Paris-Saclay.
Ovidiu Covaciu
Ovidiu Covaciu (born 3 September 1990) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Sâncrai Nazna. Covaciu debuted in Liga I for Gaz Metan Mediaș and played in Liga II for Dacia Unirea Brăila and in Liga III for teams such as: Arieșul Turda, Avântul Reghin, Metalurgistul Cugir or Unirea Jucu.

CS Speranța Jucu
Club Sportiv Speranța Jucu, commonly known as Speranța Jucu, is a Romanian football club based in Jucu, Cluj County, currently playing in the Liga IV – Cluj County, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.

The club was originally founded in 1974, under the name of Unirea Jucu, and for most of its existence played at amateur level, until 2013, when "jucanii" promoted to Liga III. The football club of Jucu played at the level of third tier between 2013 and 2017, when it was dissolved and then re-established in the fifth tier, under the name of Speranța Jucu.
1963 New York Mets season
The 1963 New York Mets season was the second regular season for the Mets. They went 51–111 and finished tenth in the National League, 48 games behind the World Series Champion Los Angeles Dodgers. They were managed by Casey Stengel. They played their home games at the Polo Grounds, the second and final season there for the Mets before moving to Shea Stadium the following season.

1964 New York Mets season
The New York Mets played their third regular season in 1964. They went 53–109 and finished tenth in the National League, 40 games behind the World Series Champion St. Louis Cardinals. They were managed by Casey Stengel. They played home games at Shea Stadium, which opened on April 17 of that year. This was Stengel's final full season as manager.
St. Boniface Cathedral
The Basilica of Saint Boniface (French: Cathédrale Saint-Boniface) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in St. Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is an important building in Winnipeg, and is the principal church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Boniface, serving the eastern part of Manitoba province as well as the local Franco-Manitoban community. The church sits in the centre of the city at 190 avenue de la Cathédrale. Before the fire on July 22, 1968, which destroyed the previous building on site, the church was a minor basilica.

Pope Pius XII raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his decree Centum Amplius Abhinc on 10 June 1949. The decree was signed and notarized by Cardinal Carlo Grano.

The cathedral faces the Red River. In Verendrye Park is a statue of Pierre La Vérendrye by Joseph-Émile Brunet. Across the river is The Forks in Downtown Winnipeg.

Joseph-Émile Brunet
Joseph-Émile Brunet (1893–1977) was a Canadian sculptor based in Quebec. His output includes more than 200 monuments in bronze. Many of his sculptures depict national figures and events in Canada. He was born in Huntingdon, Quebec in 1893. He was educated at archbishop school, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the national superior École des Beaux-Arts of Paris.
Customs duties in the United States
The United States imposes tariffs (customs duties) on imports of goods. The duty is levied at the time of import and is paid by the importer of record. Customs duties vary by country of origin and product.  Goods from many countries are exempt from duty under various trade agreements. Certain types of goods are exempt from duty regardless of source. Customs rules differ from other import restrictions. Failure to properly comply with customs rules can result in seizure of goods and criminal penalties against involved parties. The United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) enforces customs rules.

Import
Import is the activity within international trade which involves buying and receiving goods and services produced in another country. An importer is a person, organization or country receiving imported goods which have been exported from another country. Importation and exportation are the defining financial transactions of international trade. The seller of such goods and services is called an exporter.

In international trade, the importation and exportation of goods are limited by import quotas and mandates from the customs authority. The importing and exporting jurisdictions may impose a tariff (tax) on the goods. In addition, the importation and exportation of goods are subject to trade agreements between the importing and exporting jurisdictions.
Listed buildings in Strickland Ketel
Strickland Ketel is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It contains 16 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the villages of Burneside and Bowston, and is otherwise rural.  The listed buildings consist of farmhouses, farm buildings, a  country house and its folly gatehouse, smaller houses, a summer house, a bridge, a monument, and three milestones.

Summer house
A summer house or summerhouse is a building or shelter used for relaxation in warm weather. This would often take the form of a small, roofed building on the grounds of a larger one, but could also be built in a garden or park, often designed to provide cool shady places of relaxation or retreat from the summer heat. It can also refer to a second residence, usually located in the country, that provides a cool and relaxing home to live in during the summer, such as a vacation property.
Yuan Peng
Yuan Peng (Chinese: 袁鹏) is a Chinese intelligence officer and political scientist specializing in analysis of the United States for the Ministry of State Security (MSS). He previously headed the 11th bureau of the MSS, commonly known as the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), a unit specializing in overt and open-source intelligence collection and international academic outreach. He is considered one of the ministry's foremost analysts on the United States.

Yuan is noted for coining the phrase "great changes unseen in a century" to refer to China's position in contemporary geopolitics. The term has since become a major topic of academic discussion and has been incorporated into the foreign policy discourse of Chinese leader Xi Jinping. He is a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

According to media reports, Yuan is now a vice minister of state security under the name Yuan Yikun (袁亦鲲).

Open-source intelligence
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is the collection and analysis of data gathered from open sources (overt sources and publicly available information) to produce actionable intelligence. OSINT is primarily used in national security, law enforcement, and business intelligence functions and is of value to analysts who use non-sensitive intelligence in answering classified, unclassified, or proprietary intelligence requirements across the previous intelligence disciplines.
Moses Judah Hays
Moses Judah Hays (1799 – 12 November 1861) was a Canadian businessman and municipal leader. He established and managed the first water-works in Montreal, and served as the city's chief of police from 1845 until his death.

Chief of police
A chief of police (COP) is an appointed official or an elected one in the chain of command of a police department, particularly in North America. A chief of police may also be known as a police chief or sometimes just a chief, while some countries favour other titles such as commissioner or chief constable. A police chief is appointed by and answerable to a state or local government.
Woincourt station
Woincourt is a former railway station located in the commune of Woincourt in the Somme department, France.  The station was served by TER Hauts-de-France trains from Le Tréport-Mers to Abbeville. Train services were discontinued in 2018.

TER Hauts-de-France
TER Hauts-de-France is the regional rail network serving the French administrative region of Hauts-de-France in northern France. It is owned and operated by the French national railway company SNCF. It was formed in 2017 from the previous TER networks TER Nord-Pas-de-Calais and TER Picardie, after the respective administrative regions were merged.
2019 in arthropod paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

This list of fossil arthropods described in 2019 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that were  described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that occurred  in the year 2019.

Arachnid
Arachnids are arthropods in the class Arachnida (/əˈræknɪdə/) of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons.

Adult arachnids have eight legs attached to the  cephalothorax. In some species the frontmost pair of legs has converted to a sensory function, while in others, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs.

Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 110,000 named species, of which 51,000 are species of spiders.

The term is derived from the Greek word ἀράχνη (aráchnē, 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider.
Domingo Tamargo
Domingo Rafael Tamargo y Bautista (2 May 1883 – 1947) was the Cuban Secretary of Justice during the early 1930s. He served on the Cuban Supreme Court from September 27, 1933 until January 17, 1934.

Tamargo was born in Matanzas, Cuba to a wealthy Spaniard, Manuel Antonio Tamargo y Gonzalez (1836–1914), and Cuban Ana Josefa Bautista y Valera.  He married Gloria Sanchez del Montes and they had four children, Ana Gloria (1910–1996), Domingo (1913–2002), Alberto (1917–1984), and Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez (1915–2005).

Matanzas
Matanzas (Latin American Spanish: [maˈtansas]; Lucumi: Ayá Áta) is the capital of the Cuban province of Matanzas. Known for its poets, culture, and Afro-Cuban folklore, it is located on the northern shore of the island of Cuba, on the Bay of Matanzas (Spanish Bahia de Matanzas), 102 kilometres (63 mi) east of the capital Havana and 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of the resort town of Varadero.

Matanzas is called the City of Bridges, for the seventeen bridges that cross the three rivers that traverse the city (Rio Yumuri, San Juan, and Canimar). For this reason it was referred to as the "Venice of Cuba." It was also called "La Atenas de Cuba" ("The Athens of Cuba") for its poets.

Matanzas is known as the birthplace of the music and dance traditions danzón and rumba.
Sky Blu (Antarctica)
Sky Blu  is a forward operating station for the British Antarctic Survey located in southern Palmer Land, Antarctica. It is in an area of blue ice, an extremely hard and dense ice which has lost the air bubbles that normally cloud the ice. It provides a runway able to accommodate wheeled aircraft that are larger than can be handled by other types of runways in the area.

The facility is used to store fuel drums and field equipment for onward transport by the Twin Otter aircraft. The camp is staffed by a minimum of 2, but usually 3 people, including a mechanic. Staff eat and sleep in a Melon hut, but there is also a garage and other tents.

Palmer Land
Palmer Land (71°30′S 065°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.500°S 65.000°W﻿ / -71.500; -65.000) is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica that lies south of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This application of Palmer Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names and the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, in which the name Antarctic Peninsula was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively.  The line dividing them is roughly 69° S.
John Martin (1724–1794)
John Martin  (1724–1794) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1754 to 1761.

Martin was the eldest son of John Martin MP banker, of Overbury Court, Worcestershire and Lombard Street and his wife Catherine Jackson, daughter of Joseph Jackson of Sneyd Park, Gloucestershire. He was not a partner in  the family banking house.

Martin was elected Member of Parliament for Tewkesbury after a contest at the 1754 general election. He was classed by Dupplin as a country gentleman supporting the court. His only known vote was against the Address on 13 November 1755. He did not stand in 1761.

Martin married Judith Bromley, daughter of William Bromley of Ham Court, Worcestershire on 3 December 1761. In 1767 he succeeded to his father's estates. He died on 28 May 1794.

Overbury Court
Overbury Court is a Georgian style country house in Overbury, Worcestershire, England. It is a privately owned Grade II* listed building.

It is built in two storeys of golden limestone ashlar with a hipped Welsh slate roof behind tall parapets and with large ashlar ridge stacks. An additional attic storey is of a darker stone and incorporated into the parapet.  The front facade has 7 bays, of which the 2 central bays break forward and are surmounted by a pediment.

The surrounding parkland comprises a linear belt of land some 2.5km by 0.75km and is Grade II* listed in its own right.
Tourism in Namibia
Tourism in Namibia is a major industry, contributing N$7.2 billion (equal to US$ 390 million) to the country's gross domestic product. Annually, over one million travelers visit Namibia, with roughly one in three coming from South Africa, then Germany and finally the United Kingdom, Italy and France. The country is among the prime destinations in Africa and is known for ecotourism which features Namibia's extensive wildlife.

In December 2010, Lonely Planet named Namibia 5th best tourist destination in the world in terms of value.

Fish River Canyon
The Fish River Canyon (Afrikaans: Visrivier Canyon or Visrivier Kuil, German: Fischfluss Canyon) is located in the south of Namibia. It is the largest canyon in Africa, and the second most visited tourist attraction in Namibia. It features a gigantic ravine, in total about 160 kilometres (100 mi) long, up to 27 km wide and in places almost 550 meters deep.

The Fish River is the longest interior river in Namibia. It cuts deep into the plateau which today is dry, stony and sparsely covered with hardy drought-resistant plants. The river flows intermittently, usually flooding in late summer; the rest of the year it becomes a chain of long narrow pools. The hot springs resort of ǀAi-ǀAis is situated at the lower end of the Fish River Canyon.

Public view points can be visited near Hobas, a camp site 70 km north of ǀAi-ǀAis. This part of the canyon is part of the  ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park, while the remainder is privately owned.
Percy Addleshaw
Percy Addleshaw (1866 in Bowdon, Cheshire – 1916) was an English barrister and writer.

A graduate of Christ Church, Oxford, Addleshaw was called to the bar in 1893. He was an admirer and friend of Roden Noel. He wrote articles, poems and reviews for various publications and, under the pseudonym of Percy Hemingway published Out of Egypt, a volume of short stories (1894) and The Happy Wanderer and other verse. In 1920 a posthumous collection of verse was published with a lengthy introduction by Arundel Osborne, titled Last Verses.

Bowdon, Greater Manchester
Bowdon is a village and electoral ward in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It is a suburb of Altrincham, lying within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire. It became part of Greater Manchester in 1974.
Balaclava railway station, Jamaica
Balaclava railway station opened in 1892 and closed in 1992. It served the small town of Balaclava on the Kingston to Montego Bay line and was 70.5 miles (113.5 km) from the Kingston terminus.

It was built of timber in the Jamaican Georgian architectural style. The upper of the two stories has a gable end roof; an adjoining hip roof has a downward fishtail fretwork on its eaves. The building has sash windows and recessed panel timber doors.

In 2003 it was reported as being in "deplorable condition" and "in need of major repairs".

It is on the list of designated National Heritage Sites in Jamaica.

Jamaican Georgian architecture
Jamaican Georgian architecture is an architectural style that was popular in Jamaica between c. 1750 and c. 1850.  It married the elegance of Georgian styling with functional features designed to weather Jamaica's tropical climate. It was used at all levels in society, from the most important public buildings to humble domestic dwellings.

There is a related style of furniture.

Many of Jamaica's railway stations were constructed in this style.

The Court House, Mandeville, Jamaica

Devon House, Kingston, Jamaica. A classic example of Jamaican Georgian architecture

Harbour Street, Kingston, Jamaica, 1861
I Was Such a Fool (To Fall in Love with You)
"I Was Such a Fool (To Fall in Love with You)" is a song written by Michael Canosa and Danny Stradella, and was released first as a single in late 1959 by The Flamingos. The song was revived three years later by Connie Francis.

Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles
The Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles (also known as the Cash Box Top 100) was a record chart in the United States for songs, published weekly by Cash Box magazine, which began publication in 1942. As a close competitor to Billboard magazine, it was first issued for the September 13, 1958 issue when they expanded their top 75 chart to one hundred positions. The original version of the magazine lasted through November 16, 1996. While Billboard ranked singles weekly mixing the total airplay on radio stations and singles sales from all across North America, Cash Box presented their rankings via all sales and airplay of songs without splitting up genres in order to formulate the generalized popularity of a single's overall presence. Many singles hit number one in Cash Box that didn't on Billboard and vice versa.