hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Howard Yawa
Howard Debeza Yawa was a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the North West Provincial Legislature and North West Executive Council. Under Premier Edna Molewa, he served as Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Public Works from April 2004 until May 2007 and as MEC for Local Government and Housing from May 2007 until May 2009. After the 2009 general election, he served as MEC for Public Safety under Premier Maureen Modiselle. He was fired from the latter position in November 2010 by Modiselle's successor, Thandi Modise.

North West Provincial Legislature
The North West Provincial Legislature is the primary legislative body of the South African province of North West. It is unicameral in its composition, and elects the premier and the provincial cabinet from among the members of the leading party or coalition in the parliament.

At the commencement of the 7th provincial legislature on 14 June 2024, the number of seats allocated to the North West Provincial Legislature increased from 33 to 38.
Tensleep Creek
Tensleep Creek is a stream that originates in the Cloud Peak Wilderness Area in Washakie County, Wyoming, United States. The stream is 7.5 miles (12.1 km) in length. Lakes that are along the river are Misty Moon, Lake Marion and Lake Helen. Tensleep Creek is a tributary of the Nowood River which then flows into the Bighorn River.

Lake Helen (Wyoming)
Lake Helen is a lake in the U.S. state of Wyoming's Big Horn Mountains.  It is in the Cloud Peak Wilderness Area and may only be accessed by backpacking or on horse.  The elevation of the lake is 9968 feet.
Jeevana Nataka
Jeevana Nataka (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1943 Indian Kannada film directed by Wahab Kashmiri, based on a play of the same name written by A. N. Krishna Rao. The film was produced by Gubbi Veeranna, his first as an independent producer. Veeranna also appeared in a lead role in the film alongside debutante Kemparaj Urs, Shanta Hublikar and B. Jayamma.

B. Jayamma
B. Jayamma (15 November 1915 – 20 December 1988) was an Indian actress and singer. She began her career on stage as a 14-year-old when she joined a theatre group owned by Gubbi Veeranna, her future husband. She went on to perform for 45 years on stage while also appearing in 45 Kannada, Telugu and Tamil films.
Sangthankima
Sângthankima (born 18 October 1960) is a humanitarian and social worker in Mizoram, India. He is the founder of Thutak Nunpuitu Team (TNT), a voluntary organisation, which runs the largest charitable institution (by the same name) in Mizoram. His institution, a registered society since 1991 under the Firms and Societies in India, started as a rehabilitation society for alcoholics in Champhai town. With donation of a plot of land in Aizawl city, it expanded into an orphanage with formal school, health centre, and sanatorium. He received the Padma Shri Award in 2024.

Aizawl
Aizawl (English:  /ˈaɪzɔːl/ EYE-zawl; Mizo: [ˈaɪ̯.ˈzɔːl] ⓘ), formerly known as Aijal, is the capital city and the most populous city of Mizoram, India. It is also the third largest city in northeast India. It is situated atop a series of ridges, with an average elevation of around 1,132 metres (3,714 feet) above sea level. In 2024, the city has an estimated population of 415,000 people.

Having served as the capital of the British Lushai Hills from 1898 to 1947, colonial structures are prevalent in the city centre including but not limited to the Aijal Club, Raj Bhavan, the Red School, and the Office of the Deputy Commissioner. As the seat of the Government of Mizoram, Aizawl is home to the Assembly House. Additionally, Aizawl is part of the Smart Cities Mission, an initiative by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs aimed at urban development and infrastructure enhancement.
Karishma Ali
Karishma Ali (c.1997) is a footballer and the first girl from her hometown of Chitral, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, to represent Pakistan at national and international levels. In 2016, Ali represented Pakistan at the Jubilee Games held in Dubai and was part of the first Pakistani women's team to participate in the Australian Football League International Cup in 2017. She is also the founder of Chitral Women's Sports Club.

In 2019, she was listed in the Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia List, where young people are chosen for innovation and entrepreneurship. Ali walked the Milan Fashion Week in 2019 when Haitian-Italian designer Stella Jean collaborated with craftswomen from a handicraft center had Ali founded to create designs, incorporating cultural elements from Chitrali and Kalash cultures.

Milan Fashion Week
Milan Fashion Week (Italian: Settimana della moda di Milano) is a clothing trade show held semi-annually in Milan, Italy. Upcoming autumn/winter fashions are showcased in February/March of each year, and upcoming spring/summer fashions are showcased in September/October of each year. Many designers showcase new designs and upcoming collections. Milan Fashion Week is one of the "Big Four" global fashion weeks alongside New York, Paris, and London.
Jeolpyeon
Jeolpyeon (Korean: 절편) is a type of tteok (rice cake) made of non-glutinous rice flour. Unlike when making siru-tteok or baekseolgi, the rice flour steamed in siru is pounded into a dough, divided into small pieces, and patterned with a tteoksal (rice cake stamp). The stamps can be wooden, ceramic, or bangjja (bronze), with various patterns including flowers, letters, or a cartwheel. When served, sesame oil is brushed over jeolpyeon.

Sesame oil
Sesame oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from sesame seeds.  The oil is one of the earliest-known crop-based oils. Worldwide mass modern production is limited due to the inefficient manual harvesting process required to extract the oil. Oil made from raw seeds, which may or may not be cold-pressed, is used as a cooking oil. Oil made from toasted seeds is used for its distinctive nutty aroma and taste, although it may be unsuitable for frying, which makes it taste burnt and bitter.
London Diocesan Penitentiary
The London Diocesan Penitentiary or House of Mercy was an institution housed in Park House, North Hill, Highgate, London. Set up in 1853, it sought to rehabilitate 'fallen women' and was initially run on behalf of the Diocese of London by a Warden, his wife and volunteers - two of those volunteers were Christina Rossetti and her elder sister Maria Francesca. The house was leased in 1855 and bought outright in 1861, with a plot in the western portion of Highgate Cemetery also bought in 1862 and between that date and 1909 ten of the women admitted to the institution were buried in it.

Some of the Penitentiary's records are held at the London Archives and others in the Royal Berkshire Archives among the records of the Community of St John Baptist, who ran the Penitentiary from 1900 until its closure in 1940.

Royal Berkshire Archives
The Royal Berkshire Archives is the record office for the county of Berkshire in the United Kingdom. It is located in Reading. It opened as the Berkshire Record Office on 10 August 1948 in The Forbury, Reading. It moved to the new Shire Hall beside the M4 in 1981, and to its present home in Coley Avenue, Reading, in 2000. On 10 August 2023, its 75th anniversary, the record office was renamed to Royal Berkshire Archives.
Lasviyas
Lasviyas is a 2024 Maldivian film written and directed by Mohamed Niyaz. Produced by Ahmed Nasir, Ibrahim Rasheed and Niyaz under Eternal Pictures, the film stars Zoya Hassan Ibrahim, Ahmed Easa Mariyam Shifa and Washiya Mohamed in pivotal roles. The film was theatrically released on 12 April 2024.

Reeko Moosa Manik
Moosa Manik (born 9 February 1961) also known as Reeko Moosa Manik is a Maldivian entrepreneur and former actor and politician. He also served as the deputy speaker of the Maldives Parliament, and former chairman of the Maldivian Democratic Party. He was a member of parliament Hulhuhenveiru constituency.
Claoxylopsis
Claoxylopsis is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 1939. The entire genus is endemic to Madagascar.

Species

Claoxylopsis andapensis Radcl.-Sm.

Claoxylopsis perrieri Leandri

Claoxylopsis purpurascens Radcl.-Sm.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Algorithmic wage discrimination
Algorithmic wage discrimination is the utilization of algorithmic bias to enable wage discrimination where workers are paid different wages for the same work. The term was coined by Veena Dubal, a law professor at the University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, in a 2023 publication.

University of California College of the Law, San Francisco
The University of California College of the Law, San Francisco (UC Law SF or UC Law) is a public law school in San Francisco. Formerly known as the University of California, Hastings College of the Law (UC Hastings), the school was founded in 1878 by Serranus Clinton Hastings, the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of California. It was the first law school of the University of California and one of the first law schools established in California. Although part of the University of California, UC Law SF is not directly governed by the Regents of the University of California.
Kumho Polychem
Kumho Polychem is a part of South Korean conglomerate Kumho Petrochemical Group, operating a factory located in Yeosu Industrial Complex. It manufactures EPDM rubbers, TPVs and KEPA.

It was founded in 1985 and is currently the 3rd largest producer of EPDM in the world (220,000 tonnes per year).

The company currently supplies its products for various uses including automobiles, hoses, seals and wire insulation.

Also it developed thermoplastic rubber, Innoprene, which has the elasticity of thermosetting rubber and the compatibility of thermoplastic, based on our 20 years' experience in the production and research technology of EP rubber.

Current products' capacity: EP(D)M – 220,000 MT, TPV / KEPA 7,000 MT (as of January 1, 2016)

Thermoplastic vulcanizates
Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are a type of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) that undergo vulcanization processes during manufacturing, giving elastomeric properties to the final product. Vulcanization involves the cross-linking of polymer chains, leading to increased strength, durability, and flexibility. Their thermoplastic nature allows TPVs, unlike traditional vulcanized rubbers, to be melted and reprocessed multiple times. Across the automotive, household appliance, electrical, construction, and healthcare sectors, nearly 100 TPV grades are used globally.

Monsanto trademarked the name Santoprene for these materials in 1977. The trademark is now owned by the Celanese Corporation. Similar material is available from Elastron, and others.
Pakistani cricket team in England in 2006
The Pakistan national cricket team toured England in 2006 for a four-match Test series, a five-match One Day International series and a single Twenty20 International. After a drawn first Test, England won the next two matches before being awarded the final match in controversial circumstances; on the fourth day, Pakistan's players were penalised for ball tampering and refused to resume play after the tea interval, leading the umpires to award England the match and a 3–0 series victory. In 2008, the ICC controversially declared the result of the final Test as a draw, altering the scoreline to 2–0; however, after criticism, not least by the MCC, this was subsequently reversed in February 2009 and the result restored as an England victory.

Ball tampering
In the sport of cricket, ball tampering is an action in which a fielder illegally alters the condition of the ball. The primary motivation of ball tampering is to interfere with the aerodynamics of the ball to aid swing bowling.
Bina Deneen
Bina Deneen (née Maloney; February 14, 1868 – October 30, 1950) was an American civic leader who served as the First Lady of Illinois from 1904 to 1912. She was the first two-term first lady of Illinois, and the first to give birth in the Illinois Executive Mansion. She was the wife of Charles S. Deneen. Known at the time as "the ideal wife for a governor" for her calm and unassuming style, she was also an active participant in her husband's campaigns, and in the woman's club movement.

Illinois Governor's Mansion
The Illinois Governor's Mansion (formerly, Illinois Executive Mansion) is the official residence of the governor of Illinois. It is located in the state capital of Springfield, Illinois, near the Illinois State Capitol building, and the Lincoln Home National Historic Site.
1969 Pacific Southwest Open
The 1969 Pacific Southwest Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The men's tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 43rd edition of the tournament, the second in the open era, and ran from September 22 through September 28, 1969. Pancho Gonzales, aged 41, won the men's singles title, 20 years after winning it for the first time, and collected $4,000 first-prize money while Billie Jean King earned $1,500 for her singles title.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Gimenez stain
The Gimenez staining technique uses biological stains to detect and identify bacterial infections in tissue samples.  Although largely superseded by techniques like Giemsa staining, the Gimenez technique may be valuable for detecting certain slow-growing or fastidious bacteria.

Basic fuchsin stain  in aqueous solution with phenol and ethanol colours many bacteria (both gram positive and Gram negative) red, magenta, or pink.  A malachite green counterstain gives a blue-green background cast to the surrounding tissue.

Phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire.

The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. It is acutely toxic and is considered a health hazard.

Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds, and is a liquid when manufactured. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives such as picric acid, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.
Xixiu Miao language
Xixiu Miao (Chinese: 西秀苗语) is a small Miao language of China that is closely related to Hmong: Hmong, Small Flowery Miao, and Xixiu are listed as the three local dialects of the Chuanqiandian Cluster of the West Hmongic languages. There are only 300 speakers, in the Xixiu District of Anshun Prefecture, Guizhou Province.

Anshun
Anshun (simplified Chinese: 安顺; traditional Chinese: 安順; pinyin: Ānshùn) is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population of 765,313. Within the prefecture are attractions such as The Long Gong Dragon Caves and the Getu River.
Bogus Ben Covington
"Bogus" Ben Covington (born Benjamin Curry possibly April 19, 1890 – around 1935) was an American country blues singer, harpist, and mandolin-banjo player. Originally a resident of Louisiana, Covington was active in Mississippi and recorded in the late-1920s and 1930s, presumably under various names such as Blind Ben Covington, Ben Curry, and Memphis Ben. He also occasionally performed alongside Big Joe Williams, King Solomon Hill, and Speckled Red.

Country blues
Country blues (also folk blues, rural blues, backwoods blues, or downhome blues) is one of the earliest forms of blues music, but also refers to a blend of country music and blues. The mainly solo vocal with acoustic fingerstyle guitar accompaniment developed in the rural Southern United States in the early 20th century.  It stands in contrast primarily to the urban blues style, especially in the pre-war era.
Raypur Union
Raypur Union (Bengali: রায়পুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Gangni Upazila, in Meherpur District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 25.35 square kilometres (9.79 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 20,665. There are 17 villages and 11 mouzas in the union.

Khulna Division
Khulna Division (Bengali: খুলনা বিভাগ) is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 22,285 km2 (8,604 sq mi) and a population of 17,416,645 at the 2022 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna District.
Eilean a' Cheò (ward)
Eilean a' Cheò is one of the twenty-one wards used to elect members of the Highland Council.  It includes the islands of Skye and Raasay. It elects four Councillors.

It is the only Highland Council ward with an official name in the Scottish Gaelic language. Eilean a' Cheò is a name for the Isle of Skye, meaning the Island of Mist.

Highland Council
The Highland Council (Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈkʰõ.ərˠʎə nə ˈkɛːəl̪ˠt̪əxk]) is the local authority for Highland, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. The council is based at the Highland Council Headquarters in Inverness.
Uganda Conservation Foundation
Uganda Conservation Foundation (UCF) is a UK-registered charity and not-for-profit organisation in Uganda that collaborates with Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) and other partners, both local and international to protect Uganda's national parks, protected areas, and conservancies. Uganda Wildlife Authority, a semi-autonomous government agency works with independent organisations to support their mandate of conserving, managing, and regulating Uganda's wildlife. UCF was founded in 2001 by Michael Keigwin MBE who initiated the Elephants, Crops and People project in Queen Elizabeth National Park. UCF has continued to work closely with UWA in Murchison Falls National Park, Kidepo Valley National Park, Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary and Queen Elizabeth National Park.

Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary
Ziwa Rhino and Wildlife Ranch is a private animal sanctuary in Uganda. Established in 2005 to re-introduce Southern White Rhinos in the wild, the ranch is the only place in the country where one can observe these endangered creatures in the wild. The ranch is collaborative effort between Ziwa Rhino and Wildlife Ranch, who owns the land on which the sanctuary sits, and the Uganda Wildlife Authority, the government agency responsible for protecting Uganda's wildlife resources. As of June 2024, the ranch was home to 41 rhinos.
Colonial Cup (rugby union)
The Colonial Cup (named after sponsors The Colonial National Bank) is a defunct rugby union football competition that was played in Fiji between 2004 and 2008. The Colonial Cup was Fiji's first attempt at a professional rugby competition, but it did not draw sufficient crowds and ceased after five seasons.

Colonial National Bank
Colonial National Bank, was a Fiji bank that operated between 1976 and 2009 when it was purchased by the Bank South Pacific. The full name of the bank was National Bank of Fiji trading as Colonial National Bank.

In December 2009 the bank was acquired by Bank South Pacific (BSP). This gave BSP the largest branch network in Fiji.  It also had a majority holding in one of the two merchant banks in the country.
Mary Ryan (Irish politician)
Mary Bridget Ryan (née Carey; 31 January 1898 – 8 February 1981) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. She was a member of Cumann na mBan and a founder member of Fianna Fáil.

She was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary constituency at the 1944 general election. Her husband Martin Ryan was a TD for the same constituency from 1933 until his death in 1943. After boundary changes, she was returned at the 1948 general election for Tipperary North, and re-elected at the 1951, 1954 and 1957 general elections.

At the 1961 general election, she lost her seat to Fine Gael's Thomas Dunne.

Tipperary North (Dáil constituency)
Tipperary North is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects three deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Kürkçü, Bor
Kürkçü  is a village in Bor District of Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 75 (2022). It is situated to the north of Taurus Mountains. Its distance to Bor is  31 kilometres (19 mi) to Niğde is 40 kilometres (25 mi).

Niğde Province
Niğde Province (Turkish: Niğde ili) is a province in the southern part of Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its area is 7,234 km2, and its population is 365,419 (2022) of which 170,511 live in the city of Niğde. The population was 348,081 in 2000 and 305,861 in 1990. Neighbouring provinces are Kayseri, Adana, Mersin, Konya, Aksaray and Nevşehir.

The province is surrounded on three sides by mountain ranges: the Taurus Mountains, Mount Hasan, and the Melendiz Mountains.
Negrara
Negrara is a red Italian wine grape variety grown in north east Italy including the Veneto region where it is a permitted variety in the Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) wine Amarone. While the grape was once more widely planted in the region its numbers have been steadily declining for most of the late 20th and early 21st century.

Venetian wine
Venetian wine is produced in Veneto, a highly productive wine region in northeastern Italy.

The broader area comprising Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol is known collectively as the Tre Venezie, after the Republic of Venice. Veneto is the most populous and biggest denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) producer of the three regions. Although the Tre Venezie collectively produces more red wine than white, the Veneto region produces more whites under DOC and is notably home to the Prosecco and Soave wines.

The region is protected from the harsh northern European climate by the Alps, the foothills of which form Veneto's northern extremes. These cooler climes are well-suited to white varieties like Garganega (the main grape for Soave wines), while the warmer Adriatic coastal plains, river valleys, and Lake Garda zone are the places where the renowned Valpolicella, Amarone and Bardolino DOC reds are produced.