hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanctioning Russia Act
The Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025 (S.1241) is a proposed bipartisan bill introduced in the 119th U.S. Congress that gives the US president the option to impose extensive new sanctions on Russia and countries that purchase Russian energy and other critical exports, in response to the continuing Russian invasion of Ukraine and Russia's refusal to engage in peace negotiations.

Its proposed measures include a 500% tariff on imports from nations buying Russian oil, natural gas, petroleum products, or uranium, along with expanded restrictions on Russian sovereign debt and financial transactions involving sanctioned entities.

The legislation was introduced in the Senate by Lindsey Graham (R‑SC) and Richard Blumenthal (D‑CT), and co-sponsored by a bipartisan supermajority of 84 senators. In the House of Representatives, a companion bill (H.R. 2548) was introduced by Brian Fitzpatrick (R‑PA 1st) with 151 bipartisan cosponsors.

Natural gas in Russia
In 2021 Russia was the world's second-largest producer of natural gas, producing an estimated 701 billion cubic meters (bcm) of gas a year, and the world's largest natural gas exporter, shipping an estimated 250 bcm a year. In 2022 the export market was significantly downsized , following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Russia reducing exports after countries refused to pay in rubles.

According to The World Factbook estimate, the country also has the largest proven reserves (47 trillion cubic meters (tcm)). BP estimates Russian reserves to be 33 tcm. Additionally, Russia is likely to have the largest volume of undiscovered natural gas deposits, an additional 6.7 tcm, according to 2011 US Geological Survey estimations. Russia consumes approximately 460 bcm a year. Flaring is a problem in Russia.
Sands End (ward)
Sands End is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The ward was first used in the 1978 elections and elects three councillors to Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council.

1978 London local elections
Local government elections took place in London, and some other parts of the United Kingdom on Thursday 4 May 1978. Ward changes took place in every borough (except Enfield) which increased the total number of councillors by 41 from 1,867 to 1,908.

All London borough council seats were up for election.  The previous Borough elections in London were in 1974.
Maurice H. Rees
Maurice Holmes Rees (April 27, 1880 – May 25, 1945) was an American medical educator who served as Dean of the University of Colorado School of Medicine and Superintendent of the University of Colorado Hospital from 1920 to 1945.

University of Colorado Hospital
UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital or University Hospital (formerly named Colorado General Hospital) is part of UCHealth (University of Colorado Health) and is a Level I trauma center and the principal teaching hospital for the University of Colorado School of Medicine, located in Aurora, Colorado.

In the 2017–2018 U.S. News & World Report hospital rankings, UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital ranked in the top 50 for 11 medical specialties and was rated the #15 overall adult hospital in the country.

In 2005, UCH was redesignated by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) as a magnet facility. In 2010, the hospital received its third redesignation of Magnet status. The hospital is currently pursuing its fourth Magnet designation.
Dafydd ab Ieuan ab Iorwerth
Dafydd ab Ieuan ab Iorwerth (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdavɨð ab ˈjɛɨan ab ˈjɔrwɛrθ], died no later than 1503) was Bishop of St Asaph from 1500 to 1503.

His family were the descendants of Tudur ap Rhys Sais.

Prior to his appointment he was Abbot of Valle Crucis. He provided hospitality to, and was liberal patron of the bards, as acknowledged by Gutun Owain and Guto'r Glyn.

Guto'r Glyn
Guto'r Glyn (c. 1412 – c. 1493) was a Welsh language poet and soldier of the era of the Beirdd yr Uchelwyr ("Poets of the Nobility") or Cywyddwyr ("cywydd-men"), the itinerant professional poets of the later Middle Ages. He is considered one of the greatest exponents, if not the greatest, of the tradition of "praise-poetry", verse addressed to a noble patron.
World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Africa
Under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB), there are 70 biosphere reserves recognized as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in African states as of 2016. These are distributed across 28 countries. While biosphere reserves in West African, East African, Central African and Southern African countries are organised in the AfriMAB regional network, biosphere reserves in Northern African countries are organised in the ArabMAB, UNESCO's regional MAB network (see World Network of Biosphere Reserves in the Arab States for reserves in these countries).

W National Park
The W National Park (French: Parc national du W) or W Regional Park (French: W du Niger) is a major national park in West Africa around a meander in the Niger River shaped like the letter W (French: double v). The park includes areas of the three countries Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso, and is governed by the three governments. Until 2008, the implementation of a regional management was supported by the EU-funded project ECOPAS (Protected Ecosystems in Sudano-Sahelian Africa, French: Écosystèmes protégés en Afrique soudano-sahélienne). The three national parks operate under the name W Transborder Park (French: Parc régional W). The section of W National Park lying in Benin, measuring over 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi), came under the full management of African Parks in June 2020. In Benin, W National Park is contiguous with Pendjari National Park which is also under the management of African Parks.
Tomé Fèteira
The Tomé Fèteira, S.A. is a Portuguese tool manufacturing company. It produces files, saw blades, bowsaws, handles, forging machines, and automatic cutting machines.

The company was founded in 1856 by Joaquim Tomé Fèteira, a metalworking craftsman from Vieira de Leiria in the Marinha Grande Municipality. Metalworking was already traditional in the region, providing tools for the timber industry connected to the nearby Pine Forest of Leiria.

After its founding, the production of the company soon exceeded the needs of the local timber industry, and the company started to sell products to the rest of Portugal. By early 20th century, the company had begun to export its products. In the 1940s, foreign sales accounted for 4/5 of its production.

The company was named PME Leader and PME Excellency in 2010 by IAPMEI.

S.A. (corporation)
The abbreviation S.A. or SA designates a type of public limited company in certain countries, most of which have a Romance language as their official language and operate a derivative of the 1804, Napoleonic, civil law. Originally, shareholders could be anonymous and collect dividends by surrendering coupons attached to their share certificates. Dividends were paid to whoever held the certificate. Since share certificates could be transferred privately, corporate management would not necessarily know who owned its shares – nor did anyone but the holders.

As with bearer bonds, anonymous unregistered share ownership and dividend collection enabled money laundering, tax evasion, and concealed business transactions in general, so governments passed laws to audit the practice. Nowadays, shareholders of S.A.s are not anonymous, though shares can still be held by a holding company to obscure the beneficiary.
Socos massacre
The Socos massacre, or Soccos massacre (Spanish: masacre de Socos) occurred on 13 November 1983, when a group of Sinchis of the Peruvian Civil Guard in a state of drunkenness, led by Lieutenant Luis Alberto Dávila Reátegui, killed 32 people from the town of Socos, in the Department of Ayacucho, during the Peruvian conflict.

Department of Ayacucho
Ayacucho (Spanish pronunciation: [aʝaˈkutʃo] ⓘ; Quechua: Ayakuchu), known as Huamanga (Quechua: Wamanqa) from its creation in 1822 until 1825, is a department of Peru. It is located in the south-central Andes of the country. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho.
Laois GAA
The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Laois) or Laois GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Laois. The county board is also responsible for the Laois county teams.

The county football team contested the second ever All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) final in 1889. In 1926, the county won the final of the first National Football League competition, defeating Dublin. 1936 brought the team's only other appearance in an All-Ireland SFC decider.

The county hurling team won an All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) in 1915.

1915 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1915 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the twenty-eighth All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Ballygeehan representing Laois defeated Redmonds from Cork in the final to record Laois's first All-Ireland title.

According to the book "Twenty Years of the GAA 1910-1930" compiled by Phil O'Neill "the game was well up to final standard, although heavy rain fell in the second period, which marred the display to some extent and made it difficult for the players to keep their feet and their hurleys".

At half time Cork led by 3-0 to 2-2 with goals from 'Major' Kennedy, Paddy O'Halloran and Larry Flaherty but four second half goals from Laois, which included three goals by Jack Hiney, secured their win.

Leix wore black and amber hoops while Cork wore yellow jerseys.
Elektra Lives Again
Elektra Lives Again is a 1990 graphic novel by Frank Miller and Lynn Varley, published through American company Marvel Comics' imprint Epic Comics. It is a spin-off from Miller's run on Daredevil and tells the story of the apparent return of ninja warrior Elektra from death.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.
Blow Me Down!
Blow me Down! is a Popeye theatrical cartoon short by Fleischer Studios. It was released in 1933 and was the third cartoon in the Popeye the Sailor series of theatrical cartoons released by Paramount Pictures. The title also corresponds to one of Popeye's most notable catchphrases.

Catchphrase
A catchphrase (alternatively spelled catch phrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance. Such phrases often originate in popular culture and in the arts, and typically spread through word of mouth and a variety of mass media (such as films, internet, literature and publishing, television, and radio). Some become the de facto or literal "trademark" or "signature" of the person or character with whom they originated, and can be instrumental in the typecasting of a particular actor. Catchphrases are often humorous, can be (or become) the punch line of a joke, or a callback reminder of a previous joke.
1997 Melekek by-election
The 1997 Melekek by-election was a by-election that was held on 14 June 1997 for the Malacca State Legislative Assembly seat of Melekek. It was called following the death of its assemblyman Mohd Zin Abdul Ghani by stroke. Zin, from Barisan Nasional (BN) component party United Malays National Organization (UMNO) won the seat on three previous general election, and at the time of his death is the Chief Minister of Melaka since 1994.

Nawi Ahmad of Barisan Nasional won the seat against Independent candidate J.Appalasamy with a majority of 4,431 while Appalasamy lost his deposit.The seat have 7,874 registered voters.

Chief Minister of Malacca
The chief minister of Malacca (Malay: Ketua Menteri Melaka) is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Malacca. According to convention, the chief minister is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly. The position has been held by Ab Rauf Yusoh since 31 March 2023.
Revue virtuelle
Revue virtuelle (1992–1996) was an exhibition project for early new media, virtual art technologies, computer graphics, virtual reality, hypermedia and digital art projects that was housed in the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou from1992 to 1996.

It also created a virtual "magazine" jointly created by the museum and the Centre de Création Industrielle, addressing new technologies from the viewpoints of science, aesthetics, museography and education. These activities were documented in a bilingual CD-ROM, L'Actualité du Virtuel/Actualizing the Virtual, published in 1996.

Virtual art
Virtual art is a term for the virtualization of art, made with the technical media developed at the end of the 1980s (or a bit before, in some cases). These include human-machine interfaces such as visualization casks, stereoscopic spectacles and screens, digital painting and sculpture, generators of three-dimensional sound, data gloves, data clothes, position sensors, tactile and power feed-back systems, etc. As virtual art covers such a wide array of mediums it is a catch-all term for specific focuses within it. Much contemporary art has become, in Frank Popper's terms, virtualized.
Connecticut's 24th House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 24th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of Newington and New Britain. It has been represented by Democrat Emmanuel Sanchez since 2021.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
Lipotyphla
Lipotyphla is an obsolete order of mammals, meaning lacking blind gut, including the members of the order Eulipotyphla (i.e. the solenodons, family Solenodontidae; hedgehogs and gymnures, family Erinaceidae; desmans, moles, and shrew-like moles, family Talpidae; and true shrews, family Soricidae) as well as three other families of the former order Insectivora, Chrysochloridae (golden moles), Tenrecidae (tenrecs), and Potamogalidae (otter shrews). However, molecular studies found the golden moles,  tenrecs, and otter shrews to be unrelated to the others (these afrothere groups were then put in their own order, Afrosoricida). This made Lipotyphla an invalid polyphyletic order and gave rise to the notion of Eulipotyphla instead, an exclusively laurasiathere grouping.

Erinaceidae
Erinaceidae /ˌɛrɪnəˈsiːɪdiː/ (from Latin erinaceus, "hedgehog")  is a family in the order Eulipotyphla, consisting of the hedgehogs and moonrats. Until recently, it was assigned to the order Erinaceomorpha, which has been subsumed with the paraphyletic Soricomorpha into Eulipotyphla. Eulipotyphla has been shown to be monophyletic; Soricomorpha is paraphyletic because both Soricidae and Talpidae share a more recent common ancestor with Erinaceidae than with solenodons.

Erinaceidae contains the well-known hedgehogs (subfamily Erinaceinae) of Eurasia and Africa and the gymnures or moonrats (subfamily Galericinae) of Southeast Asia. This family was once considered part of the order Insectivora, but that polyphyletic order is now considered defunct.
Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista
Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista (English: International Antifascist Solidarity), SIA, was a humanitarian organisation that existed in the Second Spanish Republic. It was politically aligned with the anarcho-syndicalist movement composed of the CNT, FAI and other groups. One of its general secretaries was Lucía Sánchez Saornil, an anarcha-feminist activist.

It engaged in publicity and fundraising in an attempt to assist the refugee-packed Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. It collaborated with the Mujeres Libres organisation to provide assistance to refugees and wounded soldiers.

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT; lit. 'National Confederation of Labor') is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist trade union confederation.

Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union Solidaridad Obrera, it significantly expanded the role of anarchism in Spain, which can be traced to the creation of the Spanish chapter of the IWA in 1870 and its successor organization, the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region. Despite several decades when the organization was illegal in Spain, the CNT continues to participate in the Spanish worker's movement, focusing its efforts on the principles of workers' self-management, federalism, and mutual aid.

Historically affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT), in 2018, the CNT and other unions founded the International Confederation of Labour (ICL-CIT).
February 1917 Dublin University by-election
The February 1917 Dublin University by-election was held on 5 February 1917.  The by-election was held due to the incumbent Irish Unionist MP, James Campbell, becoming Lord Chief Justice of Ireland.  It was won by the Irish Unionist candidate Arthur Samuels.

Dublin University (constituency)
Dublin University is a university constituency in Ireland, which elects three senators to Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). Its electorate comprises the undergraduate scholars and graduates of the University of Dublin, whose sole constituent college is Trinity College Dublin, so it is often also referred to as the Trinity College constituency. Between 1613 and 1937 it elected MPs or TDs to a series of representative legislative bodies.
Farhat Mustafin
Farhat Mustafin (born 7 September 1950), also spelled Farkhat or Farkhad, is a Russian former wrestler of Volga Tatar descent who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1976 Summer Olympics where he won a bronze medal in Greco-Roman wrestling as a bantamweight.

He is the father of Russian artistic gymnast and Olympic Gold medalist Aliya Mustafina.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
Richard Huredia
Richard "Segal" Huredia is an American audio engineer from California. He has won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album in 2001 for his engineering duties on Eminem's The Marshall Mathers LP, which also brought him a nomination for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year. He received his second Grammy Award for Album of the Year nomination for Outkast's Stankonia at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards the following year. He currently works at Paramount Recording. He has worked with established artists like Dr. Dre, Xzibit, Snoop Dogg, Dilated Peoples, DJ Muggs and Pink Grenade to name a few.

Pink Grenade
Pink Grenade was a nine-member musical group formed by Jonathan Hay and Mike Smith in 2014, featuring Nigerian heiress Bim Fernandez as vocalist, and including actor Johnny Depp, who avoided publicity along with the other anonymous bandmembers. The group released an album, Fear of a Pink Planet, in July 2014. The single "Let's Take It Naked" preceded the album in January 2014, followed by a controversial video uploaded in July which claimed more than 7.5 million views in its first week on Vevo and WorldStarHipHop. "Lights Out" was the second single, "Gold Blooded" was the third, and the fourth was "Lipstick", which asserted more than 5 million views on WorldStarHipHop. The album included guest appearances by rappers Crooked I, Troy Ave, Dizzy Wright and Royce da 5'9".
Bomford
Bomford is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Bomford (born 1974), Australian rules footballer

Anthony G. Bomford, British engineer and surveyor, after whom Bomford Peak in Antarctica is named

Benjamin Bomford, 19th-century English farmer

George Bomford (1780–1848), military officer in the United States Army

Gerald Bomford (1851–1915), British surgeon

Guy Bomford (1899–1996), British geodesist

James Vote Bomford (1811–1892), soldier in the United States military, son of George

Laurence George Bomford (1847–1926), English painter and clergyman

Nicholas Bomford (1939–2025), British headmaster

Benjamin Bomford
Benjamin Bomford was a prominent Worcestershire farmer in the mid-19th century. He joined the Royal Agricultural Society in 1847 while living at Great Dodford which he later sold to the Chartist National Land Company.

He was an early user of steam technology for farming. He was also a director of the Evesham and Redditch Railway Company, formed in 1863.
Hyposmocoma cleodorella
Hyposmocoma cleodorella is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii. The type locality is Kona, where it was collected at an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m).

Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae  are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera. These are small moths with narrow wings whose tiny larvae feed internally on the leaves, seeds and stems of their host plants. About 1500 species have been described. The taxonomic family is most diverse in the Australian and Pacific region with about 780 species.

Several genera formerly included here have been moved to the Agonoxeninae.
Freedom of religion in the Comoros
Freedom of religion in Comoros is addressed in the constitution which  proclaims equality of rights and obligations for everyone.

However, there are limitations to this right in practice. 
The country has an area of 838 square miles (2,170 km2) and a population of 852,075. In 2023, 98% of the population is Sunni Muslim.

In 2022, the authorities did not allow non-Sunni religious groups to proselytize or assemble for religious activities in public, although foreigners are permitted to worship at three Christian churches in Moroni, Mutsamudu, and Moheli; foreign Shia Muslims can worship at a Shia mosque in Moroni.

In 2023, the country was scored 2 out of 4 for religious freedom.

The rest of this article in informed by the US State Dept 2009 report on Religious Freedom in Comoros. A later report is available.

Proselytism
Proselytism (/ˈprɒsəlɪtɪzəm/ ⓘ) is the policy of attempting to convert people's religious beliefs. Carrying out attempts to instill beliefs can be called proselytization.

Proselytism is illegal in some countries. Some draw distinctions between Christian evangelism and proselytism, regarding proselytism as involuntary or coerced; the two terms can also be understood to merely be synonyms.