hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dowding (surname)
Dowding is an English surname of Old English origin. Notable people with this surname include the following:

Alan Dowding (1929–2023), Australian cricketer and schoolteacher

Bruce Dowding, Australian spy for Britain

Gordon Dowding (1918–2003), Canadian politician

Hugh Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding, Royal Air Force commander during World War II

Keith Dowding, professor of political science at the London School of Economics

Keith Dowding (activist), Australian Presbyterian minister

Leilani Dowding, British glamour model

Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding, wife of Hugh Dowding; English animal rights campaigner

Peter Dowding, former Australian politician and premier of Western Australia

Leilani Dowding
Leilani Dowding (born 30 January 1980) is an English former beauty pageant titleholder and former glamour model. After winning Miss Great Britain 1998 and representing the United Kingdom at Miss Universe 1998, she dropped out of college to pursue a career in glamour modelling, appearing as a Page 3 girl in The Sun and featuring in men's magazines such as Maxim and FHM. She later appeared on US and British reality television programmes including Tough Love Miami and The Real Housewives of Cheshire. She has become known as a conservative commentator and anti-mRNA vaccines campaigner. She also contributes to media associated with Mark Steyn.
William Nathaniel Bell
William Nathaniel Bell (March 6, 1817 – September 6, 1887), originally from Edwardsville, Illinois and later a resident of Portland, Oregon, was a member of the Denny Party, the first group of Euro-American settlers in what is now Seattle, Washington. He lived in Seattle from 1851 to 1856 and then again from 1870 till his death.

in 1852, Bell was a delegate at the Monticello Convention that produced a petition to US Congress to split the Oregon Territory, creating the Washington Territory, which would later become the state of Washington.

Washington Territory
The Washington Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia. At its largest extent, it also included the entirety of modern Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming, before attaining its final boundaries in 1863.

The territory was named after George Washington, a Founding Father and first president of the United States.
Hide and Seek (1964 film)
Hide and Seek is a 1964 British thriller film directed by Cy Endfield and starring Ian Carmichael, Curt Jurgens and Janet Munro. It was written by Robert Foshko and David Stone based on a story by Harold Greene. Cy Endfield made the film before Zulu (1964) but it was released afterwards. Carmichael called the film "a great disappointment".

Cy Endfield
Cyril Raker Endfield (November 10, 1914 – April 16, 1995) was an American film director, who at times also worked as a writer, theatre director, and inventor. Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, he worked in the New York theatre in the late 1930s before moving to Hollywood in 1940.

After World War II, his film career was interrupted by the Hollywood blacklist. He  resettled in London at the end of 1951. He is particularly known for The Sound of Fury (1950), Hell Drivers (1957) and Zulu (1964).
Mo Shùil Ad Dhèidh
Mo Shùil Ad Dhèidh ("My Eye is After You"), also known as Och Òin, Mo Chailinn ("Alas, My Maiden"), is a traditional Scottish song of lost love, originally written as a poem by the Reverend Donald MacNicol (1735-1802).

The thirty-five-year-old Rev. MacNicol wrote the poem in lament of being snubbed by Lillias Campbell, a local laird's daughter. He had requested the seventeen-year-old girl's hand in marriage, but Lillias had already accepted the hand of her cousin, Captain Alexander Campbell. However, Sir Alexander made an ungallant bet with a servant which left the angered Lillias no choice but to accept the alternate proposal of the Rev. MacNicol. They married just after her eighteenth birthday, and would go on to have sixteen children. The poem was later set to music and remains a popular Highland folk song.

Laird
Laird (/ˈlɛərd/) is a Scottish word for minor lord (or landlord) and is a designation that applies to an owner of a large, long-established Scottish estate. In the traditional Scottish order of precedence, a laird ranked below a baron and above a gentleman. This rank was held only by those holding official recognition in a territorial designation by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. They are usually styled [name] [surname] of [lairdship]. However, since "laird" is a courtesy title, it has no formal status in law.

Historically, the term bonnet laird was applied to rural, petty landowners, as they wore a bonnet like the non-landowning classes. Bonnet lairds filled a position in society below lairds and above husbandmen (farmers), similar to the yeomen of England.

An Internet fad is the selling of tiny souvenir plots of Scottish land and a claim of a "laird" title to go along with it, but the Lord Lyon has decreed these meaningless for several reasons.
Ramasamudra
Ramasamudra is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, Ramasamudra is under Yadgir Taluka of Yadgir District in Karnataka.  The village of Ramasamudra is 6 km by road east of the village of Munderga, and 8.6 km by road west of the village of Paspool.  The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.

There are two villages in the gram panchayat: Ramasamudra and Ashinal.

Yadgir district
Yadgir district is one of the 31 districts of Karnataka state in southern India.This district was carved out of Kalaburagi district as the 30th district of Karnataka on 10 April 2010. Yadgir town is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district occupies an area of 5,160.88 km2 (1,992.63 sq mi).

Yadgir district is very rich in cultural traditions. The vast stretch of fertile black soil of the district is known for bumper red gram and jowar crops. The district is the Daal bowl of the state. The district is also known for cluster of cement industries and a distinct stone popularly known as "Malakheda Stone".

Two main rivers, Krishna and Bhima, and a few tributaries flow in this region. The upper Krishna project and Shahapur Taluka in Bendebembali "Core Green Sugar Factory yet to be started. Yadgir which is known the cement, textile, leather, and chemical production in the industrial sectors. The Agriculture College located in Bheemarayana Gudi (B.Gudi).
Istanbul Unveiled
Istanbul Unveiled is a 61-minute travel documentary film produced in English about Istanbul and Turkish culture in 2013.

Scriptwriter Şerif Yenen co-produced the film with Saadet Özen and co-directed it with Levent Ayasli. Hosted by American actress Jessica Berkmen, the footage took more than 2 years. The musical pieces composed by Mercan Dede, Baba Zula and Burhan Öçal have been used.

The documentary contains interviews with many people including Asena, Demet Sabancı, Dilek Hanif, Nadir Güllü, Nick Merdenyan, Tülin Şahin and Vedat Başaran.

Baba Zula
Baba Zula (also stylized as BaBa ZuLa) is a Turkish alternative musical group, founded in Istanbul in 1996. With a wide variety of influences and a wide range of instruments, they create a unique psychedelic sound.
Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.

Effectiveness
Effectiveness or effectivity is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression.
Routes To Work South
Routes to Work South is a welfare-to-work subcontractor based in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. South Lanarkshire residents are often referred to the organisation by their local Job Centre, but individuals are also 'encouraged' to contact it themselves. Routes To Work South has offices in Cambuslang, East Kilbride, Hamilton and Lanark.

East Kilbride
East Kilbride (/ ... kɪlˈbraɪd/; Scottish Gaelic: Cille Bhrìghde an Ear [ˈkʲʰiʎə ˈvɾʲiːtʲə əɲ ˈɛɾ]), often referred to as EK, is the largest town in South Lanarkshire in Scotland, and the country's sixth-largest locality by population. Historically a small village, it was designated Scotland's first "new town" on 6 May 1947, and thereafter widely expanded. The area lies on a raised plateau to the south of the Cathkin Braes, about eight miles (thirteen kilometres) southeast of Glasgow and close to the boundary with East Renfrewshire.

The town ends close to the White Cart Water to the west and is bounded by the Rotten Calder Water to the east. Immediately to the north of the modern town centre is The Village, the part of East Kilbride that existed before its post-war development into a New Town. East Kilbride is twinned with the town of Ballerup, in Denmark.
Wronin, Opole Voivodeship
Wronin ([ˈvrɔnin], additional name in German: Wronin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Polska Cerekiew, within Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word wrona, which means "crow". In documents from 1294 and 1532 it was also mentioned under its Old Polish name Wronów.

Kędzierzyn-Koźle County
Kędzierzyn-Koźle County (Polish: powiat kędzierzyńsko-kozielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kędzierzyn-Koźle, which lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of the regional capital Opole.

The county covers an area of 625.28 square kilometres (241.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 94,135, out of which the population of Kędzierzyn-Koźle is 60,852 and the rural population is 33,283.
World War I Monument (Austin, Texas)
The World War I Monument is an outdoor memorial commemorating veterans of World War I (including nearly 200,000 Texans), installed on the Texas State Capitol grounds in Austin, Texas, United States. The Texas Sunset Red Granite monument was erected by members of the Department of Texas, Veterans of Foreign Wars in 1961. The artist, whose name is engraved at the base of the monument, is Joe Machac. It lists the barracks and auxiliaries that worked to create the memorial.

Texas State Capitol
The Texas State Capitol is the capitol and seat of government of the U.S. state of Texas. Located in downtown Austin, Texas, the structure houses the offices and chambers of the Texas Legislature and of the Governor of Texas. Designed in 1881 by architect Elijah E. Myers, it was constructed from 1882 to 1888 under the direction of civil engineer Reuben Lindsay Walker. A $75 million underground extension was completed in 1993. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and recognized as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.

The Texas State Capitol is 302.64 feet (92.24 m) tall, making it the sixth-tallest state capitol and one of several taller than the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The capitol was ranked 92nd in the 2007 "America's Favorite Architecture" poll commissioned by the American Institute of Architects.
Lê Quát
Lê Quát (黎括) was a 14th-century Vietnamese Confucian mandarin of the Trần dynasty. He is best known for his proposal in 1370 to have Buddhism in Vietnam, the favoured religion of the Trần dynasty, deemed as heretical. This was the first such attempt, and it failed, although Confucianism came to be the ruling doctrine under the subsequent Lê dynasty.

Mandarin (bureaucrat)
A mandarin (Chinese: 官; pinyin: guān) was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea and Vietnam.

The term is generally applied to the officials appointed through the imperial examination system.
Rutherford and Son
Rutherford and Son is a play by Githa Sowerby (1876–1970), written in 1912. It premiered in London in the same year with four matinee performances at the Royal Court followed by a run of 133 performances at the Vaudeville Theatre. The production was directed by Norman McKinnel who also took the role of Rutherford. The same production opened at the Little Theater, New York, on Christmas Eve, 1912 and ran for 63 performances. The Times theatre critic, Arthur Bingham Walkley, called it "a play not easily forgotten, and full of promise for the future as well as of merit in itself", while the Saturday Review thought it showed "what can be done in the modern theatre by keeping strictly to the point." Journalist Keble Howard, after an interview with Sowerby in 1912, wrote that, "Rutherford and Son is a marvellous achievement...".

Vaudeville Theatre
The Vaudeville Theatre is a West End theatre on the Strand in the City of Westminster. Opening in 1870, the theatre staged mostly vaudeville shows and musical revues in its early days. The theatre was rebuilt twice, although each new building retained elements of the previous structure. The current building dates from 1926, and the capacity is now 690 seats. Early stage mechanisms, including rare thunder drums and lightning sheets, survive in the theatre.
John M. Thome
John Macon Thome (August 22, 1843 – September 27, 1908) was an American-Argentine astronomer.  Some sources say John Macom Thome. He is sometimes known as Juan M. Thome.

He was born in Palmyra, Pennsylvania, and attended Lehigh University.

He came to the Argentine National Observatory (today Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba) in 1870, working as the senior assistant of the director Benjamin A. Gould.  He succeeded Gould as director in 1885.

Under his initiative, the Cordoba Durchmusterung star catalogue began to be compiled in 1892, although he did not live to see its completion.

He won the Lalande Prize for astronomy from the French Academy of Sciences in 1901.  Thome died in Córdoba and was succeeded as director of the observatory by Charles Dillon Perrine.

Lehigh University
Lehigh University (LU) is a private research university in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. The university was established in 1865 by businessman Asa Packer. Lehigh University's undergraduate programs have been coeducational since the 1971–72 academic year. As of 2022, the university had 5,911 undergraduate students and 1,781 graduate students. The university is classified as "Doctoral Universities R1: Very High Research Activity".
Design Museum Dedel
Design Museum Dedel is a museum located in The Hague.

The museum hosts thematic exhibitions of two-dimensional design, including graphic design, posters, wallpaper - and has included posters from the collection of the former Poster Museum in Hoorn and objects (including posters) from the collection of the ReclameArsenaal.

The museum was opened on July 1, 2019 by Mrs. Hedy d'Ancona  with an exhibition dedicated to the work of two designers, Milton Glaser and Wim Crouwel, both of whom were 90 years old at the time. In the fall of 2019, the exhibition 'KLM, the First Century' with accompanying publication about KLM followed

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the museum reopened in 2022. The museum is privately funded and works with a staff of volunteers.

Wallpaper
Wallpaper is used in interior decoration to cover the interior walls of domestic and public buildings. It is usually sold in rolls and is applied onto a wall using wallpaper paste. Wallpapers can come plain as "lining paper" to help cover uneven surfaces and minor wall defects, "textured", plain with a regular repeating pattern design, or with a single non-repeating large design carried over a set of sheets.

The smallest wallpaper rectangle that can be tiled to form the whole pattern is known as the pattern repeat. Wallpaper printing techniques include surface printing, rotogravure, screen-printing, rotary printing press, and digital printing.
Robert II, Count of Hesbaye
Robert II (Rodbert, Chrodobert) (died 12 July 807) was a Frankish nobleman who was count of Worms and of Rheingau and count of Hesbaye around the year 800.

It has been proposed that he is the father of Robert III of Worms, and the earliest-known male-line ancestor of the French royal family, the so-called Capetians (including the Valois and the Bourbons), and of other royal families which ruled in Portugal, Spain, Luxembourg, Parma, Brazil and the Two Sicilies.

Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Ducato di Parma e Piacenza, Latin: Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae) was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.

Originally a realm of the Farnese family after Pope Paul III made it a hereditary duchy for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese, it was ruled by the dynasty until 1731, when the last duke, Antonio Farnese, died without direct heirs. After a decade of Habsburg rule, the duchy passed to the House of Bourbon-Parma.

It was invaded by Napoleon and annexed by France, having its sovereignty restored in 1814 after Napoleon's defeat. Napoleon's wife, Marie Louise (Maria Luigia), then ruled as its duchess until her death. Parma was restored to Bourbon rule in 1847, and in 1859, the duchy was formally abolished as it was integrated into the new Italian state.
Jorge de Verboom, 1st Marquess of Verboom
Lieutenant-General Jorge Próspero de Verboom, 1st Marquess of Verboom (born George Prosper Verboom; 9 January 1665 – 19 January 1744) was a Spanish Army officer who served as the Captain General of Catalonia from 1737 to 1738. A prominent military engineer in the Spanish army, Philip V of Spain granted him the aristocratic title of "Marquess of Verboom" on 9 January 1727.

Marquess
A marquess (UK: /ˈmɑːrkwɪs/; French: marquis [maʁki]) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave) and the Italian-language equivalent Marchese. A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness (/ˈmɑːrʃənɛs/) or marquise (French: [maʁkiz] ⓘ). These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
Somogy County 2nd constituency
The 2nd constituency of Somogy County (Hungarian: Somogy megyei 02. számú országgyűlési egyéni választókerület) is one of the single member constituencies of the National Assembly, the national legislature of Hungary. The constituency standard abbreviation: Somogy 02. OEVK.

Since 2014, it has been represented by László Szászfalvi of the Fidesz–KDNP party alliance.

Fidesz–KDNP
Fidesz–KDNP Party Alliance (Hungarian: Fidesz–KDNP pártszövetség), formerly also known as the Alliance of Hungarian Solidarity (Hungarian: Magyar Szolidaritás Szövetsége), is a right-wing national conservative political alliance of two political parties in Hungary, the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz) and the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP). The two parties jointly contested every national election since the 2006 parliamentary election. The Fidesz–KDNP party alliance has governed Hungary since 2010, altogether obtaining a supermajority in each of the 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022 national elections.
Bleuler
Bleuler is a German language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939), Swiss psychiatrist

Hermann Bleuler (1837–1912), Swiss engineer and army officer

Johann Heinrich Bleuler (1758–1823), Swiss painter

Johann Ludwig Bleuler (1792–1850), Swiss painter

Konrad Bleuler (1912–1992), Swiss physicist

Manfred Bleuler (1903–1994), Swiss physician and psychiatrist

Johann Heinrich Bleuler
Johann Heinrich Bleuler, the Elder (31 December 1758 – 25 January 1823) was a Swiss artist who worked with porcelain, landscape sketches and gouache. He was also an art teacher and a publisher of engravings.
Dushyant Kumar Gautam
Dushyant Kumar Gautam is an Indian politician and a National General Secretary of the Bhartiya Janata Party. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Indian Parliament, from Haryana as a member of the BJP. He has been associated with the Scheduled Caste Morcha of the BJP for quite a long time. He has also contested the MCD and Delhi Legislative Assembly election from Kondli (SC) and Karol Bagh (SC) unsuccessfully in the 2008 & 2013 and 2025elections, getting 21,594 & 29,373 and 44,867 votes, respectively. He served as Member of the Rajya Sabha of Haryana for the remaining 2.5 years term during 2020-2022 of former INLD leader Ram Kumar Kashyap who resigned after being elected an MLA from Indri Assembly Constituency of Karnal district in 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly.

2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election
The Delhi Legislative Assembly election was held on 4 December 2013, with the result announced on 8 December resulting in formation of the Fifth Legislative Assembly of Delhi.

The Bharatiya Janata Party won a plurality, closely followed by Aam Aadmi Party, in the latter party's first election; this resulted in a hung assembly. After the BJP refused to form a government in the hung assembly, the Aam Aadmi Party's (AAP) Arvind Kejriwal became chief minister with external support from the Indian National Congress (INC).
Kodak EasyShare C613
Of the four new Kodak models announced at PMA 2007, the entry point looks to be the Kodak EasyShare C613, a six megapixel camera with Kodak-branded 3x optical zoom lens, 2.4" LCD, and 10MB of built-in memory. Other features of the Kodak C613 include USB connectivity, an [SD / MMC card slot], and power from two AA batteries (with alkaline disposables in the product bundle).

EasyShare C613 shooting modes include digital IS, auto, SCN, video, close-up and favorites. Available scene modes include portrait, night portrait, landscape, night landscape, closeup, sports, snow, beach, text/document, backlight, museum/manner, fireworks, high ISO, children, flower, self-portrait, sunset and candlelight. The C613's top ISO sensitivity is rated at 1,250.

C613 movies are recorded in QuickTime MPEG4 format with audio, available in VGA (640 x 480) at 15 frame/s and QVGA (320 x 240) at 30 frame/s quality settings, with lengths up to 80 minutes based on memory capacity.

Waste
Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product, by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or resource through an invention that raises a waste product's value above zero.

Examples include municipal solid waste (household garbage), hazardous waste, wastewater (such as sewage, which contains bodily wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff), radioactive waste, and others.