hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gracefield Arts Centre
Gracefield Arts Centre is located in Dumfries. The gallery's main building, a Category B listed building, was bought in 1951 by a committee of local people who raised the money needed for the purchase and to do the alterations necessary to change the former house, which was known as ‘Gracefield’ into an art gallery.

The gallery houses a collection of over 600 Scottish paintings which include paintings by the Scottish Colourists, the Glasgow Boys, the Kirkcudbright School and the Edinburgh School, as well as contemporary Scottish works of art by the likes of Joan Eardley and Andy Goldsworthy. The gallery hosts a changing programme of contemporary exhibitions featuring regional, national and international artists and craftmakers.

A wide range of art and craft activities for adults and children run throughout the year at the gallery.

Glasgow School
The Glasgow School was a circle of influential artists and designers that began to coalesce in Glasgow, Scotland in the 1870s, and flourished from the 1890s to around 1910. Representative groups included The Four (also known as the Spook School), the Glasgow Girls and the Glasgow Boys. Part of the international Art Nouveau movement, they were responsible for creating the distinctive Glasgow Style (see Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)).

Glasgow experienced an economic boom at the end of the 19th century, resulting in an increase in distinctive contributions to the Art Nouveau movement, particularly in the fields of architecture, interior design and painting.
Platypus Affiliated Society
The Platypus Affiliated Society (alternatively Platypus or PAS) is an international educational organization focused on left-wing and Marxist history and thought. It was founded by Chris Cutrone and his students at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 2006.

Platypus organizes reading groups, forums, and research and journalism, focused on the inherited problems of what it terms the Old, New, and post-political left. It describes itself as "hosting the conversation on the left" in order to "dissolve ideological obstacles to the reestablishment of socialism." As of 2025 it reports around 50 chapters, principally in North America, Europe, and Oceania and usually based on university campuses.

Spartacist League/U.S.
The Spartacist League/U.S. (SL, SLUS, or SL/US) is a Trotskyist political grouping which is the United States section of the International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist), formerly the International Spartacist Tendency. This Spartacist League named themselves after the original Spartacus League of Weimar Republic in Germany, but has no formal descent from it. The League self-identifies as a "revolutionary communist" organization.

In the United States, the group is small but very vocal, and its activities within leftist-activist coalitions and wide-scale social justice protest movements usually focus on presenting a pole for regroupment and recruitment of subjective revolutionaries on the basis of an internationalist, Bolshevik-Leninist program.
Glassagh Halt railway station
Glassagh Halt railway station served the area of Glasasgh in County Donegal, Ireland.

The station opened on 1 November 1937 on the Donegal Railway Company line from Glenties to Stranorlar.

It closed on 15 December 1947 when the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee  closed the line from Glenties to Stranorlar in an effort to save money.

Freight services on the route continued until 10 March 1952.

County Donegal Railways Joint Committee
The County Donegal Railways Joint Committee (CDRJC) operated an extensive 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railway system serving County Donegal, Ireland, from 1906 until 1960. The committee was incorporated by an act of Parliament in 1906, which authorised the joint purchase of the then Donegal Railway Company by the Great Northern Railway of Ireland and the Midland Railway Northern Counties Committee.
Grindaknívur
Grindaknívur (Faroese: whaling knife), is along with the mønustingari (spinal cord cutter) the Faroese pilot whale hunt's most distinguished equipment. The haft and sheath are usually made of high-quality wood and have inlay of brass and silver.

There are no specific formal requirements to the whaling knife. In most cases the length of the blade is between 16 and 19 cm (6.3 and 7.5 in). The whaling knife is considered one of the foremost Faroese contributions to Nordic artistic craftsmanship. The knife was earlier used for the traditional method of killing pilot whales; to sever the spinal cord with a cut across the back of the neck of the animal between the head and the neck, but since 2011 a new invention called mønustingari (spinal cord cutter) has been legal to use for this purpose. The grindaknívur is now used after the whale has been killed with the mønustingari to cut the whale’s neck open, so that the blood can leave the whale's body.

Hilt
The hilt (rarely called a haft or shaft) is the handle of a knife, dagger, sword, or bayonet, consisting of a guard, grip, and pommel. The guard may contain a crossguard or quillons.  A tassel or sword knot may be attached to the guard or pommel.
Stevie Appleton
Stephen Appleton (born in Surrey, England) is a British singer, songwriter and producer.

At the age of fifteen, Appleton began playing piano in a Soho restaurant improvising jazz and playing covers from the likes of Elton John and Billy Joel.

After graduating from a music college in London he was quickly signed by Spinnin' Record's based in The Netherlands, and recognised as one of their key writers. 
During his time there the label recognised his vocal and performing ability and, with Warner Music Group, released Appleton's debut single "Supposed To Do".

Appleton has since become a platinum-selling writer with artists including Tiësto, Cher Lloyd, Klingande and Filatov & Karas, with number 1s in Russia, Poland, Singapore. 
"Dirty Funk" was the 15th-best-performing song on Billboard's Japan Adult Contemporary chart. In December 2019, Appleton co-wrote and was the featured artist on the Tiësto single, "Blue".

Klingande
Cédric Steinmyller (French pronunciation: [sedʁik ʃtajnmilœʁ]; born 14 May 1990), known professionally by his stage name Klingande (Swedish: [ˈklɪ̂ŋːandɛ], lit. 'chiming'), is a French music producer. Klingande was formerly a duo consisting of Steinmyller and Edgar Catri; the latter left the duo in 2014.
Carl Pruitt
Carl Briggs Pruitt (June 3, 1918, Birmingham, Alabama – June 1977) was an American jazz and blues double-bassist.

Pruitt began his career as a pianist, but switched to bass in 1937.  He played briefly in Pittsburgh and worked in the 1940s with Roy Eldridge, the Jeter-Pillars Orchestra, Lucky Millinder, Maxine Sullivan, Cootie Williams, and Mary Lou Williams. In the 1950s he did some touring, with Earl Hines and the Sauter-Finegan Orchestra, but was active mostly as a sideman and session musician for recordings, including with Shorty Baker, Arnett Cobb, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Bill Doggett, Wynonie Harris, Bull Moose Jackson, Roland Kirk, George Shearing, Sahib Shihab, and Hal Singer.

Pruitt did not perform or record frequently in the 1960s or 1970s, though he did play with Woody Herman at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1967 and record with Ray Nance in 1969. He did a tour in France with Doc Cheatham and Sammy Price in 1975.

Bull Moose Jackson
Benjamin Clarence "Bull Moose" Jackson (April 22, 1919 – July 31, 1989) was an American blues and rhythm-and-blues singer and saxophonist, who was most successful in the late 1940s. He is considered a performer of dirty blues because of the suggestive nature of some of his songs, such as "I Want a Bowlegged Woman" and "Big Ten Inch Record".
Ballooning degeneration
In histopathology, ballooning degeneration, formally ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, is a form of liver parenchymal cell (i.e. hepatocyte) death.

The name is derived from the fact that the cells undergoing this form of cell death increase in size (balloon).

It is generally considered a form of apoptosis, and is a descriptor used in the context of inflamed fatty liver (steatohepatitis) (which may be due to obesity or alcohol), as well as viral hepatitis.

The histomorphological appearance of ballooning degeneration is not pathognomonic for steatohepatitis, but usage of the term is generally confined to the condition, i.e. in the context of other histopathological findings the label ballooning degeneration is not used for cell death with cytoplasmic clearing and cell swelling.

Parenchyma
Parenchyma (/pəˈrɛŋkɪmə/) is the bulk of functional substance in an animal organ such as the brain or lungs,  or a structure such as a tumour. In zoology, it is the tissue that fills the interior of flatworms. In botany, it is some layers in the cross-section of the leaf.
Doctor Mellifluus
Doctor Mellifluus is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII on the Doctor of the Church Bernard of Clairvaux, given at Rome, St. Peter's, on 24 May, on the feast of Pentecost, 1953, in the 15th year of his pontificate. In issuing it in anticipation of the eighth centenary of Bernard's death, Pius took the occasion to highlight Bernard's contributions to practical spirituality.

Pentecost
Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christian holiday that takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles of Jesus, Mary, and other followers of the Christ, while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:1–31). Pentecost marks the "Birthday of the Church".

Pentecost is one of the Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church, a Solemnity in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, a Festival in the Lutheran Churches, and a Principal Feast in the Anglican Communion. Many Christian denominations provide a special liturgy for this holy celebration. Since its date depends on the date of Easter, Pentecost is a "moveable feast". The Monday after Pentecost is a legal holiday in many European, African and Caribbean countries.
Louisiana and North West Railroad
The Louisiana and Northwest Railroad (reporting mark LNW) is a short-line railroad headquartered in Homer, Louisiana.

LNW operates a 62.6-mile (100.7 km) line in Arkansas and Louisiana from McNeil, Arkansas (where it interchanges with Union Pacific Railroad), to Gibsland, Louisiana (where it interchanges with Canadian Pacific Kansas City).  The 6.5-mile (10.5 km) section from McNeil to Magnolia, Arkansas, is leased from Union Pacific.

LNW was incorporated in 1889.  On June 10, 2008, Patriot Rail Corporation announced that it had purchased LNW for an undisclosed amount.

Magnolia, Arkansas
Magnolia, Arkansas is a city in Columbia County, Arkansas, United States, and serves as the county seat. Located in southwestern Arkansas, the city was founded in 1853 and initially developed as an agricultural market before experiencing economic growth following the discovery of oil in the region in 1938. As of the 2020 census, Magnolia had a population of 11,162. The city is home to Southern Arkansas University and hosts annual events such as the Magnolia Blossom Festival and the World Championship Steak Cookoff.
1981–82 Cuban National Series
In the 21st season of Cuban National Series, Vegueros, from Pinar del Río Province retained their championship title, finishing one game ahead of Citricultores from Matanzas Province. Metropolitanos finished well ahead of its Havana rival, Industriales. The league’s teams and schedule length remained unchanged from the previous season.

In March 1982, the league was marred by a gambling-related corruption scandal that led to the suspension and arrest of at least 17 players and coaches.

Metropolitanos
The Metropolitanos were a baseball team in the Cuban National Series, based in the capital of Havana. During their existence, they were one of two teams based in the Havana, the other being the more successful Industriales.

Metropolitanos were officially established for the 1974-75 Cuban National Series, though they replaced another team, simply called Habana, which had existed since the inaugural National Series in 1962. Also known as the Guerreros (Warriors), the Metros (and before them, Habana) were ostensibly the heir to the Habana teams of the pre-revolutionary Cuban League (just as Industriales were the heir to Almendares).
James Jonas Dodd
James Jonas Dodd (1863 – September 1925) was a British solicitor and political activist.

Born in Woolwich, Dodd was educated at Colfe's School in Lewisham.  He qualified as a solicitor, specialising in representing working-class members of Hoxton Hall, Kingsgate Baptist Church, and Bell Street Domestic Mission.  He also spent time living in Spennymoor and West Hartlepool, and wrote a History of Spennymoor.

Dodd worked as a solicitor for many years, and became known as an advocate of legal reform, giving evidence to the Divorce Commission.  He joined the Fabian Society in 1910, and through it became active in the Labour Party.  He stood unsuccessfully in Hereford at the 1922 United Kingdom general election, and in St Marylebone at the 1923 United Kingdom general election.

Dodd also wrote several books under the pseudonym "Arnold Crossley", including Marriage and Baby Culture and the Compleat Baby Book.

Hereford (UK Parliament constituency)
Hereford was, until 2010, a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Since 1918, it had elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post voting system.

Previously, Hereford had been a parliamentary borough which from 1295 to 1885 had elected two MPs, using the bloc vote system in contested elections. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 the borough's representation had been reduced to one seat at the 1885 general election, and for the 1918 general election the borough was abolished and replaced with a county division which carried the same name but covered a wider geographical area.
Mendip Times
The Mendip Times is a monthly magazine, distributed free of charge in the Mendip Hills and surrounding areas of Somerset, England.

It was launched in 2005 and has three employees, who also produce Mendip TV.

The owner, Steve Egginton, is a former chair of the SW branch of the Society of Editors, head of news at HTV, and was formerly producer of BBC Points West and deputy news editor of the Western Daily Press.

Politically, the magazine stays neutral and includes a message from the local MP each week.

Western Daily Press
The Western Daily Press is a regional newspaper covering parts of South West England, mainly Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Somerset as well as the metropolitan areas of Bath and North East Somerset and the Bristol area. It is published Monday to Saturday in Bristol, UK. The majority of its readers are in rural areas, small towns and villages throughout the region and the paper's coverage of rural, agricultural and countryside issues is particularly strong. It also has a good record in picking up quirky and bizarre stories which would otherwise not be publicized. Politically it tends to be conservative although its coverage of the UK ban on fox hunting was neutral, recognizing that even in rural areas people are very divided on the issue.
Dietary management
Dietary management, also known as “foodservice management”, is the practice of providing nutritional options for individuals and groups with diet concerns through supervision of foodservices. Practitioners in dietary management, known as dietary managers, work in hospitals, long-term care facilities, restaurants, school and college cafeterias, correctional facilities, and other foodservice settings, usually implementing meal plans established by a dietitian or nutritionist. They are responsible for supervising the work of other nutrition personnel such as cooks and dietary aides.

Food service
The food service (US English) or catering (British and Commonwealth English) industry includes the businesses, institutions, and companies which prepare meals outside the home. It includes restaurants, grocery stores, school and hospital cafeterias, catering operations, and many other formats.

Suppliers to food service operators are food service distributors, who provide small wares (kitchen utensils) and foods. Some companies manufacture products in both consumer and food service versions. The consumer version usually comes in individual-sized packages with elaborate label design for retail sale. The food service version is packaged in a much larger industrial size and often lacks the colorful label designs of the consumer version.
1986 1000 km of Fuji
The 1986 Mount Fuji 1000 km was the ninth and final round of the 1986 World Sports-Prototype Championship as well as the fifth round of the 1986 All Japan Endurance Championship.  It took place at Fuji Speedway, Japan on October 5, 1986.

It was the last victory of a Porsche 956 in the World Championship, in the last race where that type of car could race.

Porsche 956
The Porsche 956 was a Group C sports-prototype racing car designed by Norbert Singer and built by Porsche in 1982 for the FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was later upgraded to the 956B in 1984. In 1983, driven by Stefan Bellof, this car established a record that would stand for 35 years, lapping the famed 20.832 km (12.93 mi) Nürburgring Nordschleife in 6:11.13 during qualifying for the 1000 km Sports Car race. The record was finally surpassed by Timo Bernhard in a derestricted Porsche 919 Evo on 29 June 2018.
Waplewo, Szczytno County
Waplewo [vaˈplɛvɔ] (German: Waplitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jedwabno, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Jedwabno, 17 km (11 mi) west of Szczytno, and 27 km (17 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Szczytno County
Szczytno County (Polish: powiat szczycieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Szczytno, which lies 45 kilometres (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Pasym, lying 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Szczytno.

The county covers an area of 1,933.1 square kilometres (746.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 69,289, out of which the population of Szczytno is 25,680, that of Pasym is 2,550, and the rural population is 41,059.
1798 – The First Year of Liberty
1798 – The First Year of Liberty is an album of traditional Irish songs relating to the 1798 rebellion by the United Irishmen. All songs are sung by Frank Harte and some are accompanied on bouzouki, guitar and occasional bodhrán by Donal Lunny.

The album was released in 1998 to commemorate the bicentenary of the events and is accompanied by a detailed booklet about the rebellion and each of the songs on the album.

'The booklet, as well as containing a concise account of the rising, has biographies of all the leaders of the 1798 rebellion, and a handsome cover illustration. It has a substantial bibliography for those seeking further enlightenment, and it makes a useful complement to the more orthodox histories thereby listed.  In fact, it tells us what orthodox histories do not tell us; what those who suffered made of the events of 1798.'

Dónal Lunny
Dónal Lunny (born 10 March 1947) is an Irish folk musician and producer. He plays guitar and bouzouki, as well as keyboards and bodhrán. As a founding member of popular bands Planxty, The Bothy Band, Moving Hearts, Coolfin, Mozaik, LAPD, and Usher's Island, he has been at the forefront of the renaissance of Irish traditional music for over five decades. In 2025 he was the recipient of the RTÉ Radio 1 Folk Awards Lifetime Achievement Award.
Supersymmetry breaking
In particle physics, supersymmetry breaking or SUSY breaking is a process via which a seemingly non-supersymmetric physics emerges from a supersymmetric theory. Assuming a breaking of supersymmetry is a necessary step to reconcile supersymmetry with experimental observations.

Superpartner particles, whose mass is equal to the mass of the regular particles in supersymmetry, become much heavier with supersymmetry breaking. In supergravity, this results in a slightly modified counterpart of the Higgs mechanism where the gravitinos become massive.

Supersymmetry breaking is relevant in the domain of applicability of stochastic differential equations, which includes classical physics, and encompasses nonlinear dynamical phenomena as chaos, turbulence, and pink noise. Various mechanisms for this breaking have been discussed by physicists, including soft SUSY breaking and types of spontaneous symmetry breaking.

Supergravity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity; this is in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Supergravity is the gauge theory of local supersymmetry. Since the supersymmetry (SUSY) generators form together with the Poincaré algebra and superalgebra, called the super-Poincaré algebra, supersymmetry as a gauge theory makes gravity arise in a natural way.
Lea Verou
Lea Verou (Greek: Λία Βέρου) is a Greek-American computer scientist, front end web developer, speaker and author, originally from Lesbos, Greece. Verou is currently a research assistant at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), an elected participant in the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Technical Architecture Group (TAG), and an invited expert in the W3C CSS Working Group.
She is the author of the book CSS Secrets: Better Solutions to Everyday Web Design Problems (ISBN 978-1-449-37263-7).

MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is a research institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) formed by the 2003 merger of the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (AI Lab). Housed within the Ray and Maria Stata Center, CSAIL is the largest on-campus laboratory as measured by research scope and membership. It is part of the Schwarzman College of Computing but is also overseen by the MIT Vice President of Research.
Central Federal District
The Central Federal District (Russian: Центральный федеральный округ, IPA: [tsɨnˈtralʲnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Geographically, the district is situated in the extreme west of present-day Russia; although it can be considered as the central region of European Russia. The district covers an area of 650,200 square kilometers (251,000 sq mi), and recorded a population of 40,334,532 (82.1% urban) in the 2021 Census. The Presidential Envoy to the Central Federal District is Igor Shchyogolev.

Igor Shchyogolev
Igor Olegovich Shchyogolev (Russian: Игорь Олегович Щёголев, IPA: [ˈiɡərʲ ɐˈlʲeɡəvʲɪtɕ ˈɕːɵɡəlʲɪf]; born 10 November 1965) is a Russian politician. From May 2008 to 20 May 2012, he has served as the Russian Minister of Telecommunications. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.