hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indian heat wave
Indian heat wave can refer to a number of major heat waves that have occurred in India:

2002 Indian heat wave, major heat wave concentrated in Andhra Pradesh

2007 Asian heat wave, heat wave in India and other Asian countries

2015 Indian heat wave, heat wave which impacted most of the country

2016 Indian heat wave, heat wave in India impacting 330 million people

2019 India–Pakistan heat wave, heat wave in India and Pakistan

2022 India–Pakistan heat wave, heat wave in India and neighboring countries

2023 Asia heat wave, heat wave in India and other Asian countries

2024 Indian heat wave, heat wave in India

2025 India–Pakistan heat wave, severe heatwave in India and Pakistan

2025 India–Pakistan heat wave
The 2025 India–Pakistan heat wave refers to a deadly extreme weather event of abnormally high temperatures that affected the Indian subcontinent beginning in early April 2025 and ending in July 2025. The weather phenomenon arrived earlier than the typical May–June summer heat wave season, and was characterized by temperatures significantly above seasonal averages across both nations. The event placed hundreds of millions of civilians under extreme thermal stress, creating widespread health concerns and agricultural disruptions throughout the region.
Battle of Klokotnitsa
The Battle of Klokotnitsa (Bulgarian: Битката при Клокотница, Bitkata pri Klokotnitsa) occurred on 9 March 1230 near the village of Klokotnitsa (today in Haskovo Province, Bulgaria) between the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Empire of Thessalonica. As a result, Bulgaria emerged once again as the most powerful state in South-Eastern Europe.

Haskovo Province
41°50′N 25°55′E﻿ / ﻿41.833°N 25.917°E﻿ / 41.833; 25.917

Haskovo Province (Bulgarian: Област Хасково, romanized: Oblast Haskovo; former name Haskovo okrug) is a province in southern Bulgaria, neighbouring Greece and Turkey to the southeast, comprising parts of the Thracian valley along the river Maritsa. It is named after its administrative and industrial centre: the city of Haskovo. The province has a territory of 5,533.3 km2 (2,136.4 sq mi) that is divided into 11 municipalities with a total population, as of December 2009, of 256,408 inhabitants.
Connecticut Street Armory
Connecticut Street Armory, also known as the 74th Regimental Armory, is a historic National Guard armory building located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York.  It is sited at Columbus Park. It is a massive castle-like structure built in 1899 of Medina sandstone. It was designed by architect Isaac G. Perry. It consists of a 3+1⁄2-story administration building with an attached 2-story drill shed all constructed of sandstone, lying on a rusticated battered stone foundation.  The building features 4- to 6-story towers surrounding the administration building, and a 6+1⁄2-story square tower at the center entrance.  It was the home to the 74th Regiment of the New York National Guard. Prior to its construction, the site was home to a 13.5 million gallon reservoir.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Francis Chamberlayne
Francis Chamberlayne (after 1667–1728), of Stoneythorpe, Warwickshire and London, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1713 and 1728.

Chamberlayne was the son of Francis Chamberlayne, a London grocer, whom he succeeded in 1695, inheriting Stoney Thorpe Hall (or Stoneythorpe Hall) near Southam, Warwickshire. The Chamberlaynes were originally a Warwickshire family.

Chamberlayn was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for New Shoreham 1713 - 1715 and 11 June 1720 – 26 September 1728.

Chamberlayn died unmarried in 1728.

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
Funtensee
Funtensee is a karst lake on the Steinernes Meer plateau in Berchtesgaden National Park, Bavaria, Germany. It is located in the larger of two sinkholes (also referred to as uvala). The area is known for record low temperatures, up to 30 °C (54 °F) lower than the surrounding area. Its primary inflows are the Steingraben, Stuhlgraben and Rennergraben streams.

Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet. A cenote is a type of sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath. Sink and stream sink are more general terms for sites which drain surface water, possibly by infiltration into sediment or crumbled rock.

Most sinkholes are caused by karst processes – the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks, collapse or suffosion processes. Sinkholes are usually circular and vary in size from tens to hundreds of meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.
Bad Kohlgrub Kurhaus station
Bad Kohlgrub Kurhaus station (German: Haltepunkt Bad Kohlgrub Kurhaus) is a railway station in the municipality of Bad Kohlgrub, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the Ammergau Railway of Deutsche Bahn.

Ammergau Railway
The Ammergau Railway or Ammergaubahn (sometimes called the Ammertalbahn or "Ammer Valley Railway", originally the Lokalbahn Murnau–Oberammergau) is a single-tracked, electrified railway line in Bavaria in southern Germany. It runs from Murnau to Oberammergau, its latter stages following the valley of the river Ammer from which it derives its name. This stub line to Oberammergau branches off at Murnau from the Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen main line.
Teton Glacier
Teton Glacier is a mountain glacier located below the north face of Grand Teton (peak 13,775 feet (4,199 m)) in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, United States. Its neighbors are Mount Owen (12,933 feet (3,942 m)) to the west and Teewinot Mountain 12,330 feet (3,758 m) to the north.

Teton Glacier is the largest of the twelve named glaciers in the park and one of 37 glaciers in Wyoming. In 1971, the glacier was about 3,500 ft (1,100 m) long and 1,100 ft (340 m) wide. Between 1967 and 2006, Teton Glacier lost about 14 to 20 percent of its surface area, a reduction from 64 to 53 acres (26 to 21 ha).

Mount Owen (Wyoming)
Mount Owen (12,933 feet (3,942 m)) is the second highest peak in the Teton Range, Grand Teton National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming.  The peak is named after William O. Owen, who organized the first documented ascent of the Grand Teton in 1898. Mount Owen is part of the Cathedral Group of high Teton peaks, a collection of peaks in the central section of the range that are particularly rugged. The 40-mile (64 km) long Teton Range is the youngest mountain chain in the Rocky Mountains, and began its uplift 9 million years ago, during the Miocene. Several periods of glaciation have carved Mount Owen and the other peaks of the range into their current shapes. Valhalla Canyon is situated on the west slopes of Mount Owen.
Theory of Everything (album)
Theory of Everything is the second studio album by Australian indie rock band Children Collide. The album was recorded in Los Angeles and Melbourne, Australia. It was produced by Rob Schnapf in the United States and Woody Annison in Melbourne. The album was released by Universal in Australia on 27 August 2010. The first single, "Jellylegs", was released on 18 June 2010, and reached number 72 on the Australian ARIA Charts.

Several different special editions of the album were made available for pre-orders via the Children Collide website and other online stores. These included limited edition Tarot cards and limited edition singles.

Rob Schnapf
Rob Schnapf is an American record producer.  He was the co-producer (along with Tom Rothrock) of Elliott Smith's albums Either/Or,  XO (on which he also played guitar on the song "Baby Britain"), Figure 8 and From a Basement on the Hill, for which he was recruited by Smith's family to complete after Smith's death.

Schnapf runs the Mant Sounds studio.
Minuscule 572
Minuscule 572 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1221 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the year 12th century. It was labeled by Scrivener as 480.
The manuscript has not complex contents.

Eduard de Muralt
Eduard de Muralt (1808–1895) was a Swiss-German professor of theology, a librarian, and a palaeographer.

He was born in Bischofszell, Switzerland, whose father was a dealer named Kaspar, and his mother Elizabeth Sprüngli. He studied theology in Zurich, completing his studies in 1832, and then studied philology and philosophy in Berlin, Jena and Paris. Muralt emigrated to Russia in 1834, taking over the German-Protestant parish of St. Petersburg (1836–1850). He was a librarian of the Imperial Hermitage, the National Library of Russiah (1840–1864), and described Greek manuscripts housed in the library. He also examined Codex Vaticanus in the Vatican Library.

He became private-docent in the University of Bern in 1864, and professor of theology in Lausanne in 1869. He became an Honorary Doctor causa of the faculty of theology of the University of Zurich in 1849.
LGBTQ rights in Tennessee
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the U.S. state of Tennessee may experience some legal challenges that non-LGBTQ residents do not. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal in the state since 1996. Marriage licenses have been issued to same-sex couples in Tennessee since the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges on June 26, 2015.

Human Rights Campaign's annual state report in 2024 classified Tennessee as one of the lowest-ranking states in the country for LGBTQ rights. Tennessee restricts the passage of anti‑discrimination municipal protections and possesses numerous laws which deny the rights of transgender individuals.

Tennessee Attorney General
The Tennessee attorney general (officially, attorney general and reporter) is the chief law enforcement officer and lawyer for the U.S. state of Tennessee. The office of the attorney general is located at the state capitol in Nashville, Tennessee. The current office holder is Jonathan Skrmetti, who was appointed in 2022 by the Tennessee Supreme Court for an eight-year term. His service officially began when he was sworn in by the current governor of Tennessee, Bill Lee, on September 1, 2022.
1961 Titleholders Championship
The 1961 Titleholders Championship was the 22nd Titleholders Championship, held April 27–30 at Augusta Country Club in Augusta, Georgia. Mickey Wright won the first of two consecutive Titleholders, one stroke ahead of runners-up Patty Berg and Louise Suggs.

It was the fifth of Wright's thirteen major titles and her 22nd victory on tour.

Wright was tied with Kathy Cornelius for the 36-hole lead at 147 (+3).

Mickey Wright
Mary Kathryn "Mickey" Wright (February 14, 1935 – February 17, 2020) was an American professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. She became a member of the tour in 1955 and won 82 LPGA Tour career events including 13 major championships. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
Listed buildings in Graveney with Goodnestone
Graveney with Goodnestone is civil parish in the in the Swale District of Kent, England. It contains 18 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these two are grade I, two are grade II* and 14 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Borough of Swale
Swale is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. The council is based in Sittingbourne, the borough's largest town. The borough also contains the towns of Faversham, Queenborough and Sheerness, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. It includes the Isle of Sheppey and is named after The Swale, the narrow channel which separates Sheppey from the mainland part of the borough. Some southern parts of the borough lie within the Kent Downs, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The borough borders the Medway unitary authority area to the west, the Borough of Maidstone to the south-west, the Borough of Ashford to the south-east, and the City of Canterbury to the east. Under proposed reorganisation in either April 2027 or 2028 the borough will face abolition and will join with one or more adjoining councils to form a new Unitary Authority. Details of such proposals are expected in Autumn 2025.
Tulehu
Tulehu (Indonesian pronunciation: [t̪uˈlehu]) is a village in Salahutu, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku, Indonesia.

Residents of Tulehu and surrounding areas speak the Tulehu language, which differs slightly in dialect from one village to the next.

Central Maluku Regency
Central Maluku Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Maluku Tengah) is a regency of Maluku Province of Indonesia. The Regency covers an area of 11,595.57 km2, and had a population of 361,698 at the 2010 Census, and 423,094 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2024 was 432,361. The principal towns are Masohi (the administrative capital) and Amahai, both on Seram Island.  The regency (kebupaten) is composed of the central part of the island of Seram, the Banda Islands, and the Lease Islands (Saparua, Haruku, and Nusa Laut), together with those parts of Ambon Island which are outside the City of Ambon.

This regency is the largest in area among Malukan regencies.
Samus (rural locality)
Samus (Russian: Самусь) is a rural locality (a settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Seversk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction in Tomsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Tom River, 20 kilometers (12 mi) north of Seversk proper. Population:  5,797 (2010 Census); 5,690 (2002 Census); 5,837 (1989 Soviet census).

Tom (river)
The Tom (Russian: Томь, IPA: [tomʲ]; Siberian Tatar: Том; Shor: Том) is a river in Russia, a right tributary of the Ob in central Siberia. Its watershed lies within the Republic of Khakassia, Kemerovo Oblast, and Tomsk Oblast. It is 827 kilometres (514 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 62,000 square kilometres (24,000 sq mi).

The Tom flows from the Abakan Range (a northern continuation of the Altai Mountains) northward through the Kuznetsk Basin. It joins the Ob approximately 50 kilometers (31 mi) north of Tomsk.

Cities on the Tom River include Mezhdurechensk, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo, Yurga, Tomsk, and Seversk.

The Aba people live near the Tom River.
Baldwinson
Baldwinson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Baldwinson (1908–1969), Australian architect

Baldwin Baldwinson (1856–1936), Canadian politician

Jordan Baldwinson (born 1994), English rugby league footballer

Samuel Baldwinson (1823–1856), English cricketer

Jordan Baldwinson
Jordan Baldwinson (born 11 October 1994) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop, second-row or loose forward for the Doncaster RLFC in the RFL Championship.

He played for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League. Baldwinson was contracted to the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL, and spent time on loan from the Warriors at the Bradford Bulls in the Super League. He spent a season at Featherstone Rovers in the Championship, before returning to Leeds in the top flight, whilst spending time back at Featherstone on loan in the second tier. Baldwinson has also played for Wakefield Trinity in the Super League, and on loan from Wakefield at the Leigh Centurions, Halifax and York in the Championship.
Trinity Group (geologic group)
The Trinity Group is a group (sequence of rock strata) in the Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy of Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana and Oklahoma. It is named for the Trinity River of Texas.

A stratigraphic column at the Mount Bonnell Fault location starts with the Lower Cretaceous Trinity Group overlain by the Edwards Group.  Upper Cretaceous formations follow, starting with the Del Rio Clay, Buda Limestone, and then the Eagle Ford Group.  Formations within the Trinity Group include the Hammett Formation, Cow Creek Formation, Hensel Formation, and Lower and Upper Glen Rose Formation.  The Hammett and the lower portion of the Upper Glen Rose act as confining units (or aquitard) for the Middle Trinity Aquifer.  The Upper Glen Rose contains the Upper Trinity Aquifer, which appears to have intra-aquifer groundwater flow with the Edwards Aquifer as water levels are at the same elevation.

Buda Limestone
The Buda Limestone is a geological formation in the High Plains and Trans-Pecos regions of West Texas and in southern New Mexico, whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Pterosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.
Saratovskiy Ledokol
Saratovskiy Ledokol (Russian: Саратовский ледокол; literally: Saratov icebreaker) was a Russian steam-powered twin-screw icebreaker built for the Ryazan-Ural Railway Company at Sir WG Armstrong Mitchell & Company in Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, in 1896. She was primarily used to escort a railway ferry across Volga during the winter months, but could also carry cargo and passengers on her own. In order to be able to pass the Mariinsk Canal System with 28-foot (9 m) wide locks, Saratovskiy Ledokol could be split into two halves along the centerline, each with its own oil-fired boilers, compound steam engine, and smoke stack.

Saratovskiy Ledokol sank by the railway bridge in 1968. There are plans to lift the vessel and restore her as a monument by the river in 2021. The lifting operation commenced in June 2020. As of 2021, the salvage progress is unknown.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
Avram Iancu Square, Cluj-Napoca
Avram Iancu Square (named after the Transylvanian Romanian lawyer and revolutionary Avram Iancu) is a central plaza in the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca. It is connected to the Unirii Square through the Eroilor and "21 Decembrie 1989" avenues. It is also connected to Mihai Viteazul Square through Cuza Vodă Street. Its most prominent building is the Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral, although the plaza also houses the Wagner Gyula's eclectic Palace of Justice, the Lucian Blaga National Theatre and the headquarters of the County Prefecture.

Avram Iancu
Avram Iancu (Romanian: [aˈvram ˈjaŋku]; 1824 – 10 September 1872) was a Transylvanian Romanian lawyer who played an important role in the local chapter of the Austrian Empire Revolutions of 1848–1849. He was especially active in the Țara Moților region and the Apuseni Mountains. The rallying of peasants around him, as well as the allegiance he paid to the Habsburg monarchy, earned him the moniker Crăișorul Munților ("The Prince of the Mountains").
Thomas Galati
Thomas P. Galati is an American law enforcement officer who serves as a Deputy Commissioner of  the Suffolk County Police Department. Prior to his appointment at Suffolk, he worked for two years as the Senior Vice President of East Coast security operations for NBC Universal. Before that, he served with the New York City Police Department (NYPD) for over 39 years. He held nearly every rank during his tenure, retiring as the NYPD's Deputy Commissioner in charge of the Intelligence and Counterterrorism Bureau (ICB). Prior to that position, he served as the Chief of the ICB, and earlier as Chief of the ICB's Intelligence Division.

Suffolk County Police Department
The Suffolk County Police Department (SCPD) provides police services to 5 of the 10 Towns in Suffolk County, New York. It is the second largest county police agency in the United States, with approximately 2500 sworn officers.
138th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade (Ukraine)
The 138th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade "Dniprovska" is a brigade of the Ukrainian Air Force tasked with air defense operations throughout Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Poltava Oblast, Sumy Oblast, and Kharkiv Oblast. It operates S-300PS, S-300PT and Patriot missile systems and is subordinated to the Air Command East. It is headquartered at Dnipro.

Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, romanized: Kharkivska oblast, Russian: Харьковская область, romanized: Kharkovskaya oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Харківщина), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine.

Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.
Luxembourg coup of 1856
The Luxembourg coup of 1856, also called the putsch of 1856, was a reactionary revision of Luxembourg's constitution on 27 November 1856. Whilst not a true coup d'état or revolution, its detractors dubbed it a "royal coup", as the reigning Grand Duke of Luxembourg, William III, greatly expanded his powers, and the name has stuck. Aimed at reversing the liberal successes embodied in the 1848 constitution, the major changes enacted by William were undone with the promulgation of a new constitution in 1868, after the Luxembourg Crisis. However, some changes have lasted, such as the creation of the Council of State.

Self-coup
A self-coup, also called an autocoup (from Spanish  autogolpe) or coup from the top, is a form of coup d'état in which a political leader, having come to power through legal means, stays in office or vastly increases their power illegally through the actions of themselves or their supporters, thus performing a coup on one's own government. The leader may dissolve or render powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assume extraordinary powers. Other measures may include annulling the constitution, suspending civil courts, and having the head of government assume dictatorial powers.

From 1946 to the beginning of 2021, an estimated 148 self-coup attempts took place, 110 in autocracies and 38 in democracies.