hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid
Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA) or aminosulfuric acid is the inorganic compound with molecular formula H3NO4S that is formed by the sulfonation of hydroxylamine with oleum.  It is a white, water-soluble and hygroscopic, solid, commonly represented by the condensed structural formula H2NOSO3H, though it actually exists as a zwitterion and thus is more accurately represented as +H3NOSO3−.  It is used as a reagent for the introduction of amine groups (–NH2), for the conversion of aldehydes into nitriles and alicyclic ketones into lactams (cyclic amides), and for the synthesis of variety of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Royal Ordnance L11
The Royal Ordnance L11A5, officially designated Gun, 120 mm, Tank L11, is a 120 mm L/55 rifled tank gun design. It was the second 120 mm calibre tank gun in service with British Army, the first of which was the Royal Ordnance OQF 120mm Tank L1. It was the first of NATO's 120 mm main battle tank guns which became the standard calibre for Western tanks in the later period of the Cold War. A total of 3,012 of the L11 guns were produced by 2005. The list price was US$227,000 in 1990.

The L11 was developed by Britain's Royal Ordnance Factories to equip the Chieftain tank as the successor to the 105 mm L7 gun used in the Centurion tank and the heavy Caernarvon tank. It was also used on the Challenger 1, which replaced the Chieftain in British and Jordanian service. The weapon has been superseded by the L30 series 120 mm rifled tank gun.

Royal Ordnance Factory
Royal Ordnance Factories (ROFs) were munitions factories run by the UK government during and after the Second World War. The three main types of factories were engineering, filling and explosives, and these were dispersed across the country for security reasons. ROFs were the responsibility of the Ministry of Supply and later the Ministry of Defence until privatisation in 1987.
Leslie Williams (politician)
Leslie Gladys Williams (born 1960 or 1961) is an Australian former politician who served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing the seat of Port Macquarie from the 2011 state election until her resignation in 2025.

Williams was a member of the National Party until switching to the Liberal Party in 2020. She was the New South Wales Assistant Minister for Education, Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, and Minister for Early Childhood Education from 2 April 2015 until 23 January 2017 when she was replaced in Gladys Berejiklian's cabinet by Sarah Mitchell. From 7 May 2019 until 9 May 2023, she was the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.

New South Wales National Party
The New South Wales National Party, officially known as the National Party of Australia – N.S.W. and commonly known as the NSW Nationals, is an Australian political party in New South Wales which forms the state branch of the federal National Party.

The party has generally been the junior partner in a centre-right Coalition with the NSW branch of the Liberal Party of Australia. Since 1927, the Nationals have been in Coalition with the Liberals and their predecessors, the Nationalist Party of Australia (1927–1931), the United Australia Party (1931–1943), and the Democratic Party (1943–1945). During periods of conservative government, the leader of the Nationals also serves as Deputy Premier of New South Wales. When the conservatives are in opposition, the Liberal and National parties usually form a joint opposition bench. New South Wales is the only state where the Coalition has never been broken, and yet has not merged into a unified non-Labor party.
Albert Dickin
Albert Edward Dickin (11 January 1901 – 5 May 1955) was a British freestyle swimmer and diver who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics, 1924 Summer Olympics, and 1928 Summer Olympics.

In 1920 he was eliminated in the first round of the 100-metre freestyle event as well as of the plain high diving competition. Four years later he finished fifth with the British team in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay. In the 100-metre freestyle event as well as of the plain high diving competition he was eliminated in the first round again. At the 1928 Games he was a member of the British team which finished sixth in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay contest.

His brother Jack Dickin also swam the 100-metre freestyle event in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Swimming at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1928 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event, which was established in 1908. The competition was held on Saturday 11 August 1928.

Fifty-five swimmers from 13 nations competed.

Note: The International Olympic Committee medal database shows only these four swimmers from the United States as gold medalist. Paul Samson and David Young both swam in the semi-final are not credited with medals. Also the Japanese Kazuo Noda who swam in the semi-final is not listed as silver medalist.
Rick Goings
Rick Goings (born Everett Vernon Goings; October 13, 1945) is Chairman Emeritus of Tupperware Brands. He served as a petty officer in the United States Navy during the Vietnam era. Following this, he founded the fire detector distributor Dynamics, Inc. After his sale of the company, he worked in various positions with Avon, including president of Avon USA. In 1992 he joined Tupperware Worldwide as the CEO.

Petty officer
A petty officer (PO) is a non-commissioned officer in many navies. They are superior to a seaman, and subordinate to more senior non-commissioned officers, such as chief petty officers.

Petty officers are usually sailors that have served at least several years in their respective navies. Petty officers represent the junior and mid-grade non-commissioned officer ranks of many naval services, and are generally responsible for the day-to-day supervision of ranks junior to them. They may also serve as technical specialists within their rating (military occupation).
Genlis station
Genlis station (French: Gare de Genlis) is a railway station in the commune of Genlis, in the French department of Côte-d'Or, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. It is an intermediate stop on the Dijon–Vallorbe line of SNCF.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
I Blame You (Ledisi song)
"I Blame You" is a song by American singer and songwriter Ledisi for her seventh studio album, The Truth (2014). The song was written by Ledisi, Chuck Harmony, and Claude Kelly, with the latter two producing the song. The song's lyrics are about "blaming" their partner for the happiness in their life.

"I Blame You" was released as the album's lead single to US radio stations on September 30, 2013. The single was released through Verve Forecast.

Nina and Me Tour
The Nina and Me Tour was the seventh concert tour by American singer Ledisi. After the release of Ledisi's tenth album Ledisi Sings Nina (2021), the tour was revived as the Ledisi Sings Nina Tour in July 2021. The Ledisi Sings Nina Tour also coincided with The Wild Card Tour (2021). A concert special, Ledisi Live: A Tribute to Nina Simone, aired on PBS on November 28, 2020, featuring the performance recorded at Myron's Jazz Cabaret in the Smith Center for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 1, 2020.
Tontokrom
Tontokrom is a small town located in the Amansie South District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is mostly known for its gold and has recently been noted for the menace  of illegal mining popularly called galamsey.

Amansie South District
Amansie South District is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Amansie West District in 1988, after it was split from the former Amansie District Council. On 15 March 2018, the southern part of the district was split off to create Amansie South District; thus the remaining part has been retained as Amansie West District. The district assembly is located in the southern part of Ashanti Region and has Manso Adubia as its capital town.
România Literară
România Literară is a cultural and literary magazine from Romania. In its original edition, it was founded on 1 January 1855 by Vasile Alecsandri and published in Iași until 3 December 1855, when it was suppressed. The new series appeared on 10 October 1968 as a continuation of Gazeta Literară. It is the Writers' Union of Romania's official magazine.

The magazine is based in Bucharest and is published on a weekly basis.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Seabra (surname)
Seabra is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antero Frederico de Seabra (1874–1952), Portuguese naturalist

António Luís de Seabra, 1st Viscount of Seabra (1798–1895), Portuguese magistrate and politician

Antônio Luiz Seabra, Brazilian billionaire businessman

Augusto M. Seabra, Portuguese film critic

Jose Luiz Seabra (born 1974), Brazilian-born Trinidad and Tobago football defender

Manuel de Seabra (1932–2017), Portuguese writer, journalist, translator

Maria do Carmo Seabra (born 1955), Portuguese politician

Renato Seabra (born 1978), Brazilian cyclist

Renato Seabra, Portuguese former model and convicted murderer

Roberto Seabra (born 1976), Brazilian water polo player

Ruy Seabra (born 1947), Portuguese lawyer and football manager

Daniel R. Seabra (born 1981), Portuguese Comedian

Vasco Seabra (born 1983), Portuguese football manager

Veríssimo Correia Seabra (1947–2004), Guinea-Bissau general

Zita Seabra (born 1949), Portuguese politician

António Luís de Seabra, 1st Viscount of Seabra
D. António Luís de Seabra e Sousa, 1st Viscount of Seabra (2 December 1798 – 19 January 1895) was a Portuguese politician, jurist, and magistrate. A notable figure of the Constitutional Monarchy period, he was a government minister, a rector of the University of Coimbra, a judge in the Oporto appellate court, a member of Parliament, a Peer of the Realm, and a judge of the Supreme Court of Justice.

The Viscount of Seabra is best known as the author of the first Portuguese Civil Code, in 1867, which remained in force for a full century; the original Code is still generally referred to as "the Seabra Code".
Tamayo (surname)
Tamayo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (born 1942), Cuban cosmonaut

Francisco Tamayo (1902-1985), Venezuelan botanist

Franz Tamayo (1878–1956), Bolivian intellectual

Gustavo Tamayo, Colombian ophthalmologist

Jeff Tamayo, pioneer of Taekwondo and military officer in the Philippines

Jonathan Tamayo, American poker player

José Luis Tamayo (1858–1947), Ecuadorian president

Juan José Tamayo (born 1946), Spanish theologian

Manuel Tamayo y Baus (1829–1898), Spanish dramatist

María Fernanda Tamayo, Ecuadorian police official

Misael Tamayo Hernández (1952–2006), Mexican journalist

Rufino Tamayo (1899–1991), Mexican painter

Francisco Tamayo
Francisco Tamayo Yepes (4 October 1902 in Lara, Venezuela – 14 February 1985 in Caracas, Venezuela) was a Venezuelan botanist.

Species named after Tamayo include Erytina tamayonis, Ichantus tamayonis, Lupinus tamayoanus, Mammiliaria tamayonis, Paspalum tamayonis, Peperomia tamayoi and Tamayoa paraguanensis.
Rechtsschutz
Rechtsschutz is used in the name of the following academic journals:

Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, monthly intellectual property law journal published in German

Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Internationaler Teil, monthly journal published in German until 2019, renamed GRUR International and published in English since 2020

Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Rechtsprechungs-Report, monthly intellectual property law journal published in German

Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Rechtsprechungs-Report
Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht Rechtsprechungs-Report (GRUR-RR) is a monthly intellectual property law journal published in German. It comprises case law decisions "supplementing the court rulings section" of the main Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht (GRUR) journal. The first issue was published in 2001.
Miss Brazil CNB 2024
Miss Brazil CNB 2024 was the 33rd edition of the Miss Brazil World pageant and the 8th edition under Miss Brazil CNB, was held on September 3, 2024, at the Machadinho Thermas Resort in Machadinho, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Each state, the Federal District and various Insular Regions & Cities competed for the title. Leticía Frota of Amazonas crowned her successor, Jéssica Pedrosa of Centro Sul Paulistano, at the end of the contest, who will represent Brazil at Miss World 2025.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
Histamenon
Histamenon (Greek: ἱστάμενον [νόμισμα], histámenon [nómisma] lit. 'standard coin') was the name given to the gold Byzantine solidus when the slightly lighter tetarteron was introduced in the 960s. To distinguish the two, the histamenon was changed in form from the original solidus, becoming wider and thinner, as well as concave (scyphate) in form. Later usually shortened to stamenon (Greek: στάμενον), it was discontinued after 1092. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the name stamenon came to be applied to the concave billon and copper trachea coins.

Billon (alloy)
Billon (/ˈbɪlən/) is an alloy of a precious metal (most commonly silver, but also gold) with a majority base metal content (such as copper). It is used chiefly for making coins, medals, and token coins.

The word comes from the French bille, which means 'log'.
For a Fairer World
For a Fairer World (Spanish: Por un Mundo más Justo, M+J or PUM+J) is a Spanish political party, created in 2004, whose main objectives are, according to its statutes, the eradication of poverty and the fight against inequality in the world. It promotes the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals, an increase in the quantity and quality of Official Development Assistance (ODA), the closure of the Immigration Detention Centers (CIEs) and fair rules on fiscal and commercial matters nationally and internationally. It is registered in the Registry of Political Parties of the Ministry of the Interior of Spain since January 8, 2004.

Official development assistance
Official development assistance (ODA) is a category used by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to measure foreign aid. The DAC first adopted the concept in 1969. It is widely used as an indicator of international aid flow. It refers to material resources given by the governments of richer countries to promote the economic development of poorer countries and the welfare of their people. The donor government agency may disburse such resources to the government of the recipient country or through other organizations. Most ODA is in the form of grants, but some is measured as the concessional value in soft (low-interest) loans.

In 2019, the annual amount of state donor aid counted as ODA was US$168 billion, of which US$152 billion came from DAC donors.
Shankar Balasubramanian
Sir Shankar Balasubramanian (born 30 September 1966) is an Indian-born British chemist and Herchel Smith Professor of Medicinal Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, Senior Group Leader at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He is recognised for his contributions in the field of nucleic acids. He is scientific founder of Solexa and biomodal (formally Cambridge Epigenetix).

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. It is the largest UK public funder of non-medical bioscience. It predominantly funds scientific research institutes and university research departments in the UK.
Ponghwa Chemical Factory
The Ponghwa Chemical Factory (Korean: 봉화화학공장, "Torchlight Chemical Factory") is the larger of North Korea's two oil refineries. Construction began in 1976, and the site was fully operational in September 1980.

It is located in Sinŭiju, on the river border with Dandong in China, and originally was supplied with crude by rail from the Daqing oilfields in China. The other refinery is the Sŭngri Refinery on North Korea's Tumen River border with Russia.

In 2019, NK News reported that to the refinery was expanded with Fluid catalytic cracking being implemented into the refinery, likely increasing production of gasoline and diesel.

Sinuiju
Sinŭiju (Korean: 신의주시; MR: Sinŭiju-si; IPA: [ɕinɰidzu ɕi]) is a city in North Korea which faces Dandong, Liaoning, China, across the international border of the Yalu River. It is the capital of North P'yŏngan province. Part of the city is included in the Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region, which was established in 2002 to experiment with introducing a market economy. In recent years the city has seen increasing tourism from China.
201st Field Artillery Regiment
The 201st Field Artillery Regiment ("First West Virginia") is a West Virginia Army National Guard regiment. It currently perpetuates the Virginia elements of the Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment, which fought in the American Revolution. Organized by Colonel Morgan Morgan in Bunker Hill, West Virginia in 1735, it is one of the oldest continually-active regiments in the U.S. Army, and the oldest unit in the West Virginia Army National Guard. Units also saw action on both sides of the American Civil War, with many companies of the regiment combined to form the Union Army's 1st West Virginia Infantry.

Headquartered in Fairmont, West Virginia, the 201st Field Artillery employs the M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzer, and is part of the 197th Field Artillery Brigade, which is part of the New Hampshire Army National Guard.

Bunker Hill, West Virginia
Bunker Hill is an unincorporated community in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States, located in the lower Shenandoah Valley on Winchester Pike (U.S. Route 11) at its junction with County Route 26 south of Martinsburg. It is the site of the confluence of Torytown Run and Mill Creek, a tributary of Opequon Creek which flows into Winchester, Virginia. According to the 2000 census, the Bunker Hill community has a population of 5,319.
Weibel M/1932
The Weibel M/1932 was a light machine gun concept of Danish origin and was considered to supplement the Madsen gun in Danish service. It was fed from a 20-round box magazine chambered in the intermediate 7×44mm round.  This calibre was considered underpowered for its day but shares the same ballistics as later calibres such as the 7.92×33mm Kurz, 7.62×45mm vz. 52 and 7.62×39mm M43 used in assault rifles.

7.62×39mm
The 7.62×39 mm (also called 7.62 Soviet, formerly .30 Russian Short) round is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge of Soviet origin. The cartridge is widely used due to the global proliferation of the AK-47 rifle and related Kalashnikov-pattern rifles, the SKS semi-automatic rifle, and the RPD/RPK light machine guns.

The AK-47 was designed shortly after World War II, later becoming the AKM because the production of sheet metal receivers had issues when first initiated. This weapon is now the world's most widespread military-pattern rifle. The cartridge remained the Soviet standard until the 1970s. It was partly replaced in Soviet service by the 5.45×39mm cartridge, which was introduced with the new AK-74 rifle, and continues in service with the modernized current-issue Russian Armed Forces AK-74M service rifle, as well as the AK-12 rifle. In the 21st century, the 7.62×39 mm remains a common service rifle chambering, including for newly developed rifles like the AK-15.
Field Island
Field Island is a Baffin Island offshore island located in the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. The island lies in Frobisher Bay, west of Waddell Bay, and southeast of Opera Glass Cape on the Hall Peninsula. Islands in the immediate vicinity include: Bruce Island to the northwest, Fletcher Island to the west, and Chase Island to the south.

Frobisher Bay
Frobisher Bay is an inlet of the Davis Strait in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the southeastern corner of Baffin Island. Its length is about 230 km (140 mi) and its width varies from about 40 km (25 mi) at its outlet into the Davis Strait to roughly 20 km (12 mi) towards its inner end.

The capital of Nunavut, Iqaluit, known as Frobisher Bay from 1942 to 1987, lies near the innermost end of the bay.