hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bicubic interpolation
In mathematics, bicubic interpolation is an extension of cubic spline interpolation (a method of applying cubic interpolation to a data set) for interpolating data points on a two-dimensional regular grid. The interpolated surface (meaning the kernel shape, not the image) is smoother than corresponding surfaces obtained by bilinear interpolation or nearest-neighbor interpolation. Bicubic interpolation can be accomplished using either Lagrange polynomials, cubic splines, or cubic convolution algorithm.

In image processing, bicubic interpolation is often chosen over bilinear or nearest-neighbor interpolation in image resampling, when speed is not an issue. In contrast to bilinear interpolation, which only takes 4 pixels (2×2) into account, bicubic interpolation considers 16 pixels (4×4). Images resampled with bicubic interpolation can have different interpolation artifacts, depending on the b and c values chosen.

Lagrange polynomial
In numerical analysis, the Lagrange interpolating polynomial is the unique polynomial of lowest degree that interpolates a given set of data.

Given a data set of coordinate pairs ⁠⁠, the ⁠⁠ are called nodes and the ⁠⁠ are called values. The Lagrange polynomial ⁠⁠ which interpolates the data assumes each value at the corresponding node, ⁠⁠. If there are ⁠⁠ data pairs, the Lagrange polynomial has degree ⁠⁠.

Although named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who published it in 1795, the method was first discovered in 1779 by Edward Waring. It is also an easy consequence of a formula published in 1783 by Leonhard Euler.

Uses of Lagrange polynomials include the Newton–Cotes method of numerical integration, Shamir's secret sharing scheme in cryptography, and Reed–Solomon error correction in coding theory.

For equispaced nodes, Lagrange interpolation is susceptible to Runge's phenomenon of large oscillation.
Vanda (opera)
Vanda is an early opera by the Czech composer Antonín Dvořák about the legendary Polish (Kraków) princess Vanda, which was literarised in the movement of the national revival by Julian Surzycki from Warsaw, a Polish national awakener, politician, civil engineer and occasional poet. His book was translated from the Polish by Václav Beneš Šumavský and adapted to libretto together with František Zákrejs in 1875. The premiere took place on 17 April 1876 at the Provisional Theatre in Prague.

Premiere
A premiere, also spelled première, (from French: première, 1re, transl. first, 1st) is the debut (first public presentation) of a work, i.e. play, film, dance, musical composition, or even a performer in that work.
Barry Kivel
Barry Kivel is an American actor, director, editor, and producer who appeared in Crocodile Dundee (1986), Memoirs of an Invisible Man (1992), Coneheads (1993), Bound (1996), One Fine Day (1996), Body and Soul (2000), Turn of Faith (2001), and Q-4: Dream Corporation (2016), a futuristic thriller. To his credits, he has produced Three Sides (2011), a short film. As an editor, he also has edited Three Sides (2011). He also directed Three Sides. He received a special thanks for the 2016 documentary film The Natural: The Best There Ever Was, which is completed, and he has a role in there as Pat McGee and himself. In television he has acted on serial police drama Hill Street Blues, sitcom Full House, sitcom Who's the Boss?, sitcom Empty Nest, legal drama Civil Wars, sitcom Murphy Brown, legal drama Brooklyn South, television drama Judging Amy, and sitcom Scrubs.

Full House
Full House is an American television sitcom created by Jeff Franklin for ABC. The show is about the recently widowed father Danny Tanner who enlists his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis and childhood best friend Joey Gladstone to help raise his three daughters, D.J., Stephanie, and Michelle, in his San Francisco home. It originally aired from September 22, 1987, to May 23, 1995, with a total of eight seasons consisting of 192 episodes.

While never a critical success, the series was consistently in the Nielsen Top 30 (from season two onward) and continues to have an audience in syndicated reruns, and is also aired internationally. One of the producers, Dennis Rinsler, called the show "The Brady Bunch of the 1990s". For actor Dave Coulier, the show represented a "G-rated dysfunctional family".

A sequel series, Fuller House, premiered on Netflix in February 2016 and ran for five seasons, concluding in June 2020.
Prater Liliputbahn
The Prater Liliputbahn is a 381 mm (15 in) gauge light railway in Vienna, Austria. Opened in 1928, and extended in 1933, the railway, which operates primarily as a tourist attraction, runs for almost 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) around the Prater park, an extensive public recreation area in the Austrian capital. Originally a year-round service, the railway now operates from March to October. Initially steam-operated, the railway now uses a mixture of steam and diesel motive power.

The railway is named after the fictional island Lilliput, inhabited by tiny people in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift.

Lilliput and Blefuscu
Lilliput and Blefuscu are two fictional island nations that appear in the first part of the 1726 satirical prose novel Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. The two islands are neighbours in the South Indian Ocean, separated by a channel 800 yards (730 m) wide. Both are inhabited by tiny people who are about one-twelfth the height of ordinary human beings. Both nations are empires and the capital of Lilliput is Mildendo.
Guruji Oru Vakku
Guruji Oru Vakku (transl. Guruji, a word) is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Rajan Sankaradi and written by Venu Nagavally. The film stars Mohanlal, Madhu, Nedumudi Venu, and Ratheesh. The film has songs composed by Jerry Amaldev and background score by Johnson.

Venu Nagavally
Venu Nagavally (16 April 1949 – 10 September 2010) was an Indian actor, screenwriter and director best known for his work in Malayalam film industry. The son of writer, commentator, and broadcaster Nagavally R. S. Kurup,  Venu Nagavally made his film debut with Ulkkadal, where he played the role of an idealistic lover. He was considered a handsome lead in his early career, often appearing as a romantic youth. His soft demeanor also made him well-suited for melancholic characters. Later in his career, he shifted to supporting roles. Having acted in over 50 films, he went on to direct 12 films, the majority of  which were critically and commercially successful, including Sukhamo Devi (1986), Sarvakalashala (1987), Lal Salam (1990), and Aye Auto (1990), Aayirappara (1993). Venu Nagavally died at Thiruvananthapuram on 9 September 2010.
Fredholm alternative
In mathematics, the Fredholm alternative, named after Ivar Fredholm, is one of Fredholm's theorems and is a result in Fredholm theory. It may be expressed in several ways, as a theorem of linear algebra, a theorem of integral equations, or as a theorem on Fredholm operators. Part of the result states that a non-zero complex number in the spectrum of a compact operator is an eigenvalue.

Hilbert–Schmidt integral operator
In mathematics, a Hilbert–Schmidt integral operator is a type of integral transform. Specifically, given a domain Ω in Rn, any k : Ω × Ω → C such that

is called a Hilbert–Schmidt kernel. The associated integral operator T : L2(Ω) → L2(Ω) given by

is called a  Hilbert–Schmidt integral operator.
T is a Hilbert–Schmidt operator with Hilbert–Schmidt norm

Hilbert–Schmidt integral operators are both continuous and compact.

The concept of a Hilbert–Schmidt integral operator may be extended to any locally compact Hausdorff space X equipped with a positive Borel measure. If L2(X) is separable, and k belongs to L2(X × X), then the operator T : L2(X) → L2(X) defined by

is compact. If

then T is also self-adjoint and so the spectral theorem applies. This is one of the fundamental constructions of such operators, which often reduces problems about infinite-dimensional vector spaces to questions about well-understood finite-dimensional eigenspaces.
Blitz House
The Blitz House (Norwegian: Blitzhuset) is a self-managed social centre hosting left-wing anarchists in Oslo, the capital city of Norway. Founded in 1982 as a squat, it is now legalized and based in Pilestredet. It hosts activities such as political meetings, the feminist radio station radiOrakel, a vegan café, and musician practice rooms. The Blitz movement has been involved in a number of protests and riots (such as the 2008–2009 Oslo riots), and has been attacked by right-wing extremists on numerous occasions.

Feminism in Norway
The feminist movement in Norway has made significant progress in reforming laws and social customs in the nation, advancing the rights of the women of Norway. It emerged in the 19th century as part of the liberal feminist tradition, centered on women's rights to education, suffrage, and political participation, with the liberal Norwegian Association for Women's Rights as the dominant organization. Today, the movement is marked by a strong fourth wave of feminism, emphasizing intersectionality, inclusivity, and solidarity across gender, sexuality, race, ability, and class, with initiatives such as the Initiative for Inclusive Feminism at the forefront. In 2025, 25 feminist organizations and academic communities came together to adopt the consensus statement "No feminism without trans people: We stand together for an inclusive feminism."
Jessica Melbourne-Thomas
Jessica Melbourne-Thomas (born 17 May 1981) is an Australian marine, Antarctic, and climate change scientist with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Her research focuses on climate change, its effects on the marine environment, and how to adapt and response to these changes.

Global Change Biology
Global Change Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the interface between biological systems and all aspects of environmental change that affect a substantial part of the globe including climate change, global warming, land use change, invasive species, urbanization, wildfire, and greenhouse gases. The journal was established by former editor-in-chief Stephen P. Long (University of Illinois and Lancaster University). Danielle Way was appointed editor-in-chief in 2025.

The journal has two sister journals: GCB Bioenergy and Global Change Biology Communications.
Susaninsky District
Susaninsky District (Russian: Суса́нинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kostroma Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,050 square kilometers (410 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Susanino. Population: 5,714 (2021 Census); 7,587 (2010 Census);  9,184 (2002 Census); 11,165 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Susanino accounts for 52.6% of the district's total population.

Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast (Russian: Костромска́я о́бласть, romanized: Kostromskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma and its population as of the 2021 Census is 580,976. It was formed on August 13, 1944 on the territory detached from neighboring Yaroslavl Oblast.

Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century. Its major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev.
Eugenia metro station
Eugenia  is a metro station along Line 3 of the Mexico City Metro.  It is located in the Colonia Vertiz Narvarte and Colonia del Valle neighbourhoods of the Benito Juárez borough of Mexico City.

The station logo depicts a stork, and its name refers to the avenue above the station. The name Eugenia literally means "The well born", so the stork is a birth symbol.  The station opened on 25 August 1980.

Until trolleybus service was discontinued in 2010, this metro station offered transfers to the "O" line of the trolleybus, which ran between Metro San Antonio and Central de Abasto wholesale market located in Iztacalco borough.

Eugenia serves the Vertiz Narvarte and del Valle neighborhoods. It is located at the crossing of Eje 5 Sur Eugenia and Avenida Cuauhtémoc.

Central de Abasto
The Central de Abasto (also spelled Abastos; English for "Supply Center") is Mexico City's main wholesale market for produce and other foodstuffs run similarly to traditional public markets. It was constructed to be the meeting point for producers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers for the entire country.  Located in the eastern borough of Iztapalapa, it is the most important commercial establishment in Mexico and the largest of its kind in the world. The market handles over 30,000 tons of merchandise daily, representing 80% of the consumption of the Mexico City metropolitan area. The market was established on former farmland to ease congestion in the historic center of Mexico City.
Valmer Castle
The Château de Valmer is a complex located northeast of Chançay, a French commune in the Indre-et-Loire department of the Centre-Val de Loire region. It was built in 1524 by remodeling a medieval castle of the Binet family and was renovated and expanded in the second half of the 17th century. After numerous other changes and repairs during the 19th and 20th centuries, the main building was almost destroyed by a fire in 1948.

The remains of the neo-Renaissance style complex are among the many châteaux in the Loire Valley and, together with the associated terraced baroque garden, have been listed as a monument historique since 1 May 1930. The park and garden have been designated a Jardin remarquable since 2004. They can be explored for a fee together with the castle chapel carved into the rock, which 12,000 visitors visit every year.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
William Broyles Jr.
William Dodson Broyles Jr. (born October 8, 1944) is an American journalist, screenwriter and former United States Marine Corps officer.

He created the television series China Beach (1988–91) and Six (2017–18), and wrote such films as Apollo 13 (1995), Cast Away (2000), Planet of the Apes (2001), Unfaithful (2002), The Polar Express (2004), Jarhead (2005) and Flags of Our Fathers (2006). His work on Apollo 13 earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay.

Broyles' co-founded Texas Monthly magazine, and served as editor of Newsweek from 1982 to 1984.

Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best screenplay adapted from previously established material. The most frequently adapted media are novels, but other adapted narrative formats include stage plays, musicals, short stories, TV series, and other films and film characters. All sequels are also considered adaptations by this standard, being based on the story and characters of the original film.

Prior to its current name, the award was known as the Academy Award for Best Screenplay Based On Material From Another Medium. The Best Adapted Screenplay category has been a part of the Academy Awards since their inception.
88th Wisconsin Legislature
The Eighty-Eighth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 5, 1987, to January 3, 1989, in regular session, and also convened in three special sessions and two extraordinary sessions.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 4, 1986. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of a four-year term, having been elected in the general election of November 6, 1984.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Tommy Thompson, of Juneau County, serving the first two years of a four-year term, having won election in the 1986 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.

1986 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1986 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986. Republican Tommy G. Thompson won the election with 53% of the vote, winning his first term as Governor of Wisconsin and defeating incumbent Governor Anthony S. Earl. This was the first time since 1962 that the winner of a Wisconsin gubernatorial election was of the same party as the incumbent president. Jonathan B. Barry unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination.
Achaaram Ammini Osharam Omana
Achaaram Ammini Osharam Omana (transl. "Earnest money" Ammini, "free gift" Omana) is a 1977 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Adoor Bhasi, written by P. K. Sarangapani, and produced by Boban Kunchacko. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayan, Sheela and Sukumari in the lead roles. The film has musical score by G. Devarajan. The film was shot in Udaya Studios.

P. K. Sarangapani
P. K. Sarangapani (28 July 1925 – 2 February 2011) was a Malayalam screenwriter and playwright. He has written the screenplay and dialogues for thirty six films, most of them for Kunchacko's Udaya Studios. Most of his films are Vadakkanpattu-related period dramas.
MEI Hellhound (grenade)
The MEI Hellhound 40 mm low-velocity multi-purpose grenade is a fixed-type munition designed to be fired from a 40×46mm grenade launcher such as the M79, M203, M320 (attached to the M16 series of rifles or M4 carbine), or Milkor MK-1. The round consists of a metal projectile body, a fuze, and a cartridge case assembly. Upon impact with the target, the firing pin is driven into the detonator, which in turn sets off the round, producing a jet which sets off the explosive from the base forward. This results in an armor-piercing jet of molten metal and fragmentation of the projectile body. The MEI Hellhound uses the same high-low propulsion system as other 40 mm grenade launchers.

Projectile
A projectile is an object that is propelled by the application of an external force and then moves freely under the influence of gravity and air resistance. Although any objects in motion through space are projectiles, they are commonly found in warfare and sports (for example, a thrown baseball, kicked football, fired bullet, shot arrow, a ball from a cannon, stone released from catapult).

In ballistics, mathematical equations of motion are used to analyze projectile trajectories through launch, flight, and impact.
Antar (Rimsky-Korsakov)
Antar is a composition for symphony orchestra in four movements by the Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.  He wrote the piece in 1868 but revised it in 1875 and 1891. He initially called the work his Symphony No. 2. He later reconsidered and called it a symphonic suite. It was first performed in March 1869 at a concert of the Russian Musical Society.

Harold en Italie
Harold en Italie, symphonie avec un alto principal (Harold in Italy, symphony with viola obbligato), as the manuscript describes it, is a four-movement orchestral work by Hector Berlioz, his Opus 16, H. 68, written in 1834. Throughout, the unusual viola part represents the titular protagonist, without casting the form as a concerto. The movements have these titles, alluding to a programme:

Harold in the mountains

March of the pilgrims

Serenade of an Abruzzo mountaineer

Orgy of bandits
Marcos Collection
The Marcos Collection refers to the trove of high-value artworks amassed by former Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos and first lady Imelda Marcos during their years in power (1965–1986). In 2003, the Philippine Supreme Court affirmed that assets—including art—acquired by the Marcoses during their incumbency were "ill-gotten wealth." In 2014, the Sandiganbayan ruled that the so-called "Marcos art collection" was unlawfully acquired and therefore belonged to the Philippine government.

Sandiganbayan
The Sandiganbayan (lit. 'Support of the nation') is a special appellate collegial court in the Philippines that has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices and other offenses committed by public officers and employees with a salary grade 27 and up, including those in government-owned and controlled corporations. The special court was established by Presidential Decree No. 1486. It was subsequently modified by Presidential Decree No. 1606 and by Republic Acts  7975, 8249 and 10660. It is equal in rank to the Court of Appeals, and consists of fourteen Associate Justices and one Presiding Justice. The Office of the Ombudsman owns exclusive authority to bring cases to the Sandiganbayan.

The Sandiganbayan is housed in the Centennial Building, Commonwealth Avenue, National Government Center, Diliman, Quezon City.
Canton of Louhans
The canton of Louhans is an administrative division of the Saône-et-Loire department, eastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Louhans.

It consists of the following communes:

Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ]; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saône-et-Loire's prefecture is Mâcon, with subprefectures in Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans. Its INSEE and postcode number is 71.
Red House, West Virginia
Red House is a small unincorporated community  located in Putnam County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The community is divided into two distinct areas: Red House (Proper) which follows the Kanawha River Valley along WV 62, and Red House Hill along WV 34 which is in the hills just off the Kanawha River Valley. The Red House Post Office is still in service and was founded on September 26, 1840. Some say the town was named for a red house which stood at the town site, while others believe nearby red rock formations account for the name.

West Virginia Route 62
West Virginia Route 62 is a north–south state highway in western West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 25 in Dunbar. The northern terminus is at Interstate 77 and U.S. Route 33 in Ripley.
Milan Šlambor
Milan Šlambor (born 9 July 1953) is a Czech former volleyball player. He competed for Czechoslovakia in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics, where his team finished in 5th place. He was also part of the fifth-placed Czechoslovakia team at the 1978 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship, as well as a three-time participant at the Men's European Volleyball Championship, where his nation finished sixth in 1975, 1977 and 1979. At club level he played for Chemička Ústí nad Labem, Dukla Liberec and Italian outfit Volley Udine, where he operated as a player-coach from 1982 to 1985.

1979 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 1979 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the eleventh edition of the event, organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in several cities in France from October 5 to October 12, 1979, with the final round held in Paris.