hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Videocassette recorder
A videocassette recorder (VCR) or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other AV sources and can play back the recording after rewinding. The use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly referred to as time shifting. VCRs can also play back prerecorded tapes, which were widely available for purchase and rental starting in the 80s and 90s, most popularly in the VHS videocassette format. Blank tapes were sold to make recordings.

VCRs declined in popularity during the 2000s and in 2016, Funai Electric, the last remaining manufacturer, ceased production.

Analog recording
Analog recording is a category of techniques used for the recording of analog signals. This enables later playback of the recorded analog audio.

Analog audio recording began with mechanical systems such as the phonautograph and phonograph. Later, electronic techniques such as wire and tape recording were developed.

Analog recording methods store analog signals directly in or on the media. The signal may be stored as a physical texture on a phonograph record, or a fluctuation in the field strength of a magnetic recording. Analog transmission methods use analog signals to distribute audio content. These are in contrast to digital audio where an analog signal is sampled and quantized to produce a digital signal which is represented, stored and transmitted as discrete numbers.
Metro Production Group
Metro Production Group Ltd (previously Metro Broadcast Limited) is a UK-based corporate event supplier and creative event production company. Its head office is in London. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of WPP plc.

Metro Production Group is also the resident technical production supplier at several London event venues such as 30 Euston Square, a conference venue based at The Royal College of General Practitioners, and one of Europe’s largest conference hotels, Hilton London Metropole. Additionally, the company is a preferred event supplier at some of London’s most precious and historic buildings including Somerset House, the Natural History Museum, Spencer House, Barber-Surgeons’ Hall and Middle Temple Hall.

Worshipful Company of Barbers
The Worshipful Company of Barbers is one of the livery companies of the City of London, and ranks 17th in precedence.

The Fellowship of Surgeons merged with the Barbers' Company in 1540, forming the Company of Barbers and Surgeons but after the rising professionalism of the trade broke away in 1745 to form what would become the Royal College of Surgeons.

The company no longer retains an association with the hairdressing profession, and principally acts as a charitable institution for medical and surgical causes. In modern times, between one-third and one-half of the company's liverymen are surgeons, dentists or other medical practitioners.
Anomis hawaiiensis
Anomis hawaiiensis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1882. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu and Hawaii.

The larvae feed on Hibiscus species (including Hibiscus tiliaceus) and Hibiscadelphus species. The caterpillar is a green, or sometimes reddish, semi-looper.

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus, commonly known as the sea hibiscus or coast cottonwood, is an evergreen species of flowering tree in the mallow family, Malvaceae, with a pantropical distribution along coastlines. It has also been introduced to Florida and New Zealand. It has been debated whether this species is native or introduced to Hawaii.
Salaqi
Salaqi (Mongolian: ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ, simplified Chinese: 萨拉齐; traditional Chinese: 薩拉齊; pinyin: Sālāqí) is the central town of Tumed Right Banner. It is under the administration of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

Historically, Salaqi was a Ting(zh) (薩拉齊廳) and then a county (薩拉齊縣), ruling Baotou as a town within. After several alterations in mid-20th century, Tumed Right Banner was established and Salaqi became a town; but the name Salaqi is still widely used by people in Hetao area to refer to the accent, the disposition and other features of Salaqi locals.

Salaqi East  is also a railway station on the Beijing–Baotou railway.

Beijing–Baotou railway
The Beijing–Baotou railway or Jingbao railway (simplified Chinese: 京包铁路; traditional Chinese: 京包鐵路; pinyin: Jīngbāo Tiělù) is an 833 km (518 mi) railway from Beijing to Baotou, Inner Mongolia, functioning as an important route in North China. It was the first railway in China designed and built by Chinese. It passes through a famous section of the Great Wall at Badaling. It is now largely paralleled with Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway and Zhangjiakou–Hohhot high-speed railway.

In 2019, with the opening of the Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway, the Beijing–Baotou railway adjusted the mileage. The ordinary-speed line from Changping to Shahe was merged into the Shuangqiao–Shahe Railway (Beijing Northeast Ring railway). The actual starting point of the Beijing–Baotou railway was shortened to the south side of Changping, the section from Changping to Beijing North is considered part of Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway.
2018 ATP Finals – Singles
Alexander Zverev defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2018 ATP Finals.	It was his first ATP Finals title.

Grigor Dimitrov was the reigning champion, but failed to qualify this year.

Rafael Nadal withdrew from the event due to an abdominal injury and was replaced by John Isner. Djokovic secured the year-end world No. 1 ranking.
Juan Martín del Potro qualified for the first time since 2013, but withdrew with a knee injury and was replaced by Kei Nishikori.

Kevin Anderson and Isner made their tournament debuts.

Kevin Anderson (tennis)
Kevin Michael Anderson (born 18 May 1986) is a South African former professional tennis player. He achieved his career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) ranking of world No. 5 on 16 July 2018. He was the first South African to be ranked in the top 5 since Kevin Curren was No. 5 on 23 September 1985.

In February 2011, Anderson won his first ATP Tour title at the South African Open in his hometown of Johannesburg. Anderson reached his first major final at the 2017 US Open, where he lost to Rafael Nadal. In the 2018 Wimbledon semifinals, Anderson reached his second major final by defeating American John Isner in the second-longest match in the history of major tournaments, at 6 hours and 36 minutes (second only to the 2010 match between John Isner and Nicolas Mahut). He then lost to Novak Djokovic in the final. On 3 May 2022, Anderson retired at age 35, but he announced his comeback in July 2023.
When Dad Killed Mom
Julius Lester’s When Dad Killed Mom (2001) tells, through two-first person narrative voices, the story of siblings, Jeremy age 12 and Jenna age 14, coping with the traumatic events of their mother’s murder at the alleged hands of their college psychologist father. In alternating chapters, the story unfolds, revealing that each sibling has insight into the possible motivation for the act. As the narrative unfolds, the siblings struggle to maintain order amidst their new lives. Grappling with the emotional, physical, sexual and social paradigms that resulted from their mother’s death and father’s imprisonment, Lester weaves a narrative that provides insight into the children’s new lived reality.

Julius Lester
Julius Bernard Lester (January 27, 1939 – January 18, 2018) was an American writer of books for children and adults and an academic who taught for 32 years (1971–2003) at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Lester was also a civil rights activist, a photographer, and a musician who recorded two albums of folk music and original songs.
Rosaire L'Italien
Rosaire L'Italien was the interim leader of the New Brunswick New Democratic Party in 2017. Previously, he had been a journalist for Radio-Canada-owned station CBAFT-DT in Moncton for 42 years, covering New Brunswick and Atlantic Canada before retiring in 2015. In the 2015 federal election, he was the New Democratic Party's candidate in Madawaska—Restigouche where he placed second, ahead of incumbent Conservative MP Bernard Valcourt. On January 9, 2017, he was appointed interim leader of the provincial party by the party's executive following the resignation of Dominic Cardy. He remained leader until August 10, 2017, when Jennifer McKenzie was chosen as the new NDP leader.

Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (French: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising four provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. As of 2021, the landmass of the four Atlantic provinces was approximately 488,000 km2 (188,000 sq mi), and had a population of over 2.4 million people. The term Atlantic Canada was popularized following the admission of Newfoundland as a Canadian province in 1949. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador is not included in the Maritimes, another significant regional term, but is included in Atlantic Canada.
Mart McChesney
Mart Dayne McChesney (January 27, 1954 – January 14, 1999) was an American film and television actor. He was best known for his appearances in Star Trek: The Next Generation as the tar creature Armus in the first season episode "Skin of Evil", and as Sheliak in the third season episode "The Ensigns of Command". For his Star Trek: The Next Generation appearances, he wore heavy prosthetics and costumes. Footage of his appearance as Armus was re-used in the series second season episode "Shades of Gray". He also starred as Pete 'Maniac' Krizaniac in the 1982 horror film, Girls Nite Out, starring along with Rutanya Alda.

McChesney died from complications of AIDS in Los Angeles, California on January 14, 1999, at the age of 44.

The Ensigns of Command
"The Ensigns of Command" is the second episode of the third season of the syndicated American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 50th episode overall, first broadcast on October 2, 1989.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D.  In this episode, Lieutenant Commander Data (Brent Spiner) must convince a reluctant colony of more than 15,000 to prepare for immediate evacuation while Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) attempts to negotiate a three-week reprieve from aliens intent on colonizing the planet themselves in four days and wiping out any humans found there.
Kaupthing Singer & Friedlander
Kaupthing Singer & Friedlander was a financial services provider offering corporate and investment banking services to small and medium-sized companies, as well as wealth management services for high-net-worth individuals. Primary areas of activity were treasury, investment management, capital markets services, asset finance, and private banking. The company was created in August 2006 by the merger of Singer & Friedlander Plc and Icelandic Kaupthing Bank.  The UK government put the company into administration in October 2008 in response to the failure of its parent as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.

Wealth management
Wealth management (WM) or wealth management advisory (WMA) is an investment advisory service that provides financial management and wealth advisory services to a wide array of clients ranging from affluent to high-net-worth (HNW) and ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) individuals and families.

It is a discipline which incorporates structuring and planning wealth to assist in growing, preserving, and protecting wealth, whilst passing it onto the family in a tax-efficient manner and in accordance with their wishes. Wealth management brings together tax planning, wealth protection, estate planning, succession planning, and family governance.
Heinrich von Poschinger
Heinrich Joseph Karl Ludwig Ritter und Edler von Poschinger (31 August 1845, Munich, Germany - 10 August 1911, La Bollène, France) was a German writer and historian. A street in the Bismarckviertel quarter of Berlin-Steglitz is named after him.

La Bollène-Vésubie
La Bollène-Vésubie (French pronunciation: [la bɔlɛn vezybi]; Occitan: La Bolena; Italian: Bolena) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Its inhabitants are called Bollénois; in the Niçois dialect of Langue d'Oc the name is la Boulèna, the inhabitants lu Boulenasc.
Iain Marsh
Iain Marsh (born 6 October 1980) is a former rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for the Salford City Reds, St Helens (A-Team), the Barrow Raiders, Oldham, the Batley Bulldogs, Rochdale Hornets and Workington Town, as a wing, centre or second-row.

Rochdale Hornets
The Rochdale Hornets are a professional rugby league club from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England, competing in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league. The Rochdale Hornets are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895, making them one of the world's first rugby league clubs. Their main local rivals are Oldham, Salford Red Devils, Swinton Lions, Halifax and the Huddersfield Giants.
Cost per impression
Cost per impression (CPI) and cost per thousand impressions (CPM) are terms used in traditional advertising media selection,  as well as online advertising and marketing related to web traffic. They refer to the cost of traditional advertising or internet marketing or email advertising campaigns, where advertisers pay each time an ad is displayed. CPI is the cost or expense incurred for each potential customer who views the advertisement(s), while CPM refers to the cost or expense incurred for every thousand potential customers who view the advertisement(s). CPM is an initialism for cost per mille, with mille being Latin for thousand.

In recent years, to address the potential issue of advertisers getting charged for low-value ad impressions, a new metric has become an industry standard: viewable CPM. With this an ad is considered as 'viewable' when at least 50 per cent of a display ad is shown for one second or longer, or a video ad plays continuously for two seconds or more.

Web traffic
Web traffic is the data sent and received by visitors to a website. Since the mid-1990s, web traffic has been the largest portion of Internet traffic. Sites monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic to see which parts or pages of their site are popular and if there are any apparent trends, such as one specific page being viewed mostly by people in a particular country. There are many ways to monitor this traffic, and the gathered data is used to help structure sites, highlight security problems or indicate a potential lack of bandwidth.

Not all web traffic is welcomed.
Some companies offer advertising schemes that, in return for increased web traffic (visitors), pay for screen space on the site.

Sites also often aim to increase their web traffic through inclusion on search engines and through search engine optimization.
Rocky Ground
"Rocky Ground" is a song written and recorded by American musician Bruce Springsteen. It is the second single from his album Wrecking Ball and was released exclusively in select stores as a limited-edition 7-inch 45-rpm vinyl single as a part of Record Store Day on April 21, 2012.

The song made its live debut on March 9, 2012, during Springsteen and the E Street Band's performance at the Apollo Theatre.

A music video for the song was first teased on Facebook and Twitter on May 24, 2012, and released the following day on May 25, 2012. The music video features the lyrics being written down on paper in sync with the song, interchanging this with a series of urban and suburban imagery.

On June 15, 2012, a video for the "Modern Mix" of the song was released. The remixed version was produced by Ron Aniello and Matthew Koma.

Rolling Stone named the song the 7th best song of 2012.

Record Store Day
Record Store Day is a semi-annual event established in 2008 to "celebrate the culture of the independently owned record store". Held on one Saturday (typically the third) every April and every Black Friday in November, the day brings together fans, artists, and thousands of independent record stores around the world. A number of records are pressed specifically for Record Store Day, with a list of releases for each country, and are only distributed to shops participating in the event.

The event originated in the United States and has expanded internationally, with official organizers in the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Europe, Japan, and Australia.
North Umpqua Trail
The North Umpqua Trail is a multi-use trail open for hiking, mountain biking and horse-back riding that follows the North Umpqua River in Southern Oregon, United States.  The trail is about 79 miles (127 km) long. It is broken up into 12 segments, ranging from 3.5 to 13 miles (21 km) in length. The trail ranges in elevation from 800 feet (240 m) to about 6,000 feet (1,800 m).

Southern Oregon
Southern Oregon is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon south of Lane County and generally west of the Cascade Range, excluding the southern Oregon Coast. Counties include Douglas, Jackson, Klamath, and Josephine. It includes the Southern Oregon American Viticultural Area, which consists of the Umpqua and Rogue River drainages. As of 2015, the population in the four counties is about 471,000, and in the greater, seven-county definition, it is about 564,000.
Pakistan at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Pakistan competed at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, in Wales, the United Kingdom.  The 1958 Games were Pakistan's second appearance, having participated in 1954.  It was Pakistan's third-most successful appearance ever, winning three gold medals.  It marked the first of four successive Games at which Pakistan finished in the top ten countries in the medal table (a feat that the country has not accomplished at any other Games outside that sequence).  As in the next two Games, the success was primarily based upon wrestling, in which Pakistan won all three of its golds, as well as three silver medals.

1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
The 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (Welsh: Gemau Ymerodraeth Prydain a'r Gymanwlad 1958) were held in Cardiff, Wales, from 18 to 26 July 1958. It was the sixth edition of what would come to be known as the Commonwealth Games, the second Games held in the United Kingdom, and the second held under the name British Empire and Commonwealth Games.

Thirty-five nations sent a total of 1,130 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals, including, for the first time, Singapore, Ghana, Kenya and the Isle of Man. 178,000 tickets were eventually sold during the Games.

The Cardiff Games introduced the Queen's Baton Relay, which has been conducted as a prelude to every Commonwealth Games ever since. England topped the medal table.
West 9th Street Commercial Historic District
West 9th Street Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It encompasses 28 contributing buildings in a commercial area of Wilmington developed in the early 20th century.  The district includes representative examples of the Italianate and Colonial Revival styles

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
John Adams (running back)
John Albert Adams (November 28, 1937 – August 8, 1995) was a professional American football fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He played for five seasons for the Chicago Bears (1959–1962) and the Los Angeles Rams (1963).  Adams was a fifth round selection (57th overall pick) of the Bears in the 1959 NFL draft out of California State University, Los Angeles.

1959 NFL draft
The 1959 NFL draft had its first four rounds held on December 1, 1958, and its final twenty-six rounds on January 21, 1959. Both sessions were held at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia. With the first overall pick in the draft, the Green Bay Packers selected quarterback Randy Duncan.
Maria Reese
Maria Reese (born Maria Meyer: 5 January 1889 – 9 October 1958) was a German teacher who became a writer and journalist.  She was also politically active, and sat as a member of the national parliament (Reichstag) between 1928 and 1933.

For most of her time in the Reichstag she was a Communist member.  However, in 1933, after spending time in Moscow she became appalled by the careerist functionaries surrounding Stalin. (The dictator's potential rivals for power and influence had, in most cases, disappeared from the scene by this time.)  She managed to escape from the Soviet Union and pursued a complicated political trajectory which included a period working for the Nazi government in the Anti-Comintern department of the Propaganda Ministry.

Her son was shot for suspected desertion in 1944, but a few months later she received a letter from the military high court stating that this had resulted from an error. After 1945 she re-converted Roman Catholicism.

End of World War II in Europe
The end of World War II in Europe occurred in May 1945. Following the suicide of Adolf Hitler on 30 April, leadership of Nazi Germany passed to Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz and the Flensburg Government. Soviet troops captured Berlin on 2 May, and a number of German military forces surrendered over the next few days. On 8 May, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel signed the German Instrument of Surrender, an unconditional surrender to the Allies, in Karlshorst, Berlin. This is celebrated as Victory in Europe Day, while in Russia, 9 May is celebrated as Victory Day.

Some fighting continued after the German surrender. Some battles continued on the Eastern Front such as the Courland Pocket in western Latvia surrendering on 10 May, and the Prague offensive in Czechoslovakia ending on 11 May. On 25 May 1945, the Battle of Odžak ended in a Yugoslav Partisan victory. Following the conclusion in the European theatre, the war continued in the Pacific theatre.