hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
14th Vanier Cup
The 14th Vanier Cup was played on November 18, 1978, at Varsity Stadium in Toronto, Ontario, and decided the CIAU football champion for the 1978 season. The Queen's Golden Gaels won their second championship by defeating the UBC Thunderbirds by a score of 16–3.

UBC Thunderbirds
The UBC Thunderbirds are the athletic teams that represent the University of British Columbia. In Canadian intercollegiate competition, the Thunderbirds are the most successful athletic program both regionally in the Canada West Universities Athletic Association, and nationally in U Sports, winning 119 national titles. UBC has won an additional 21 national titles competing in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics against collegiate competition from the United States and 43 national titles in sports that compete in independent competitions.
Caroline Saunders
Caroline Mary Saunders ONZM is a New Zealand academic, and as of 2020 is a distinguished professor at Lincoln University, specialising in environmental economics. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Thống Nhất Stadium
Thống Nhất Stadium (lit. Unification Stadium) (Vietnamese: Sân vận động Thống Nhất), formerly Cộng Hoà Stadium (Vietnamese: Sân vận động Cộng Hoà) is a multi-purpose stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is located at 138 Đào Duy Từ Street, Ward 6, District 10. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium for Ho Chi Minh City FC of the V.League 1. The stadium has a capacity of 14,400.

District 10, Ho Chi Minh City
District 10 (Vietnamese: Quận 10) is an urban district (quận) of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam.

As of 2017, the district had a population of 239,053 and an area of 5.7181 km2, occupying 0.24% of the city's total land area. As of 2025, it is divided into 11 small subsets which are called wards (phường), numbered from Ward 1 to Ward 15.
Koleje Dolnośląskie
Koleje Dolnośląskie (KD; lit. 'Lower Silesian Railways') is a regional rail operator in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. The company was founded on 28 December 2007 by a decision of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship Sejmik and is fully owned by the local government.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship Sejmik
The Lower Silesian Voivodeship Sejmik (Polish: Sejmik Województwa Dolnośląskiego) is the regional legislature of the Voivodeship of Lower Silesia in Poland. It is a unicameral legislature consisting of thirty-six councillors chosen during local elections with a five-year term. The current chairperson of the assembly is Jerzy Pokój.

The assembly elects the executive board that acts as the collective executive for the regional government, headed by the province's marshal. The current Executive Board of Lower Silesia is a coalition government between Civic Coalition, Polish People's Party and the Independents. The current marshal is Paweł Gancarz.

The assembly convenes within the Voivodeship Office building in central Wrocław.
Preregidens
Preregidens ("frontal royal tooth") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct family Hyaenodontidae, found in what is now France. It lived during the early Eocene epoch (Ypresian stage). It is a monotypic genus that contains the species P. langebadrae.

Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene).
Xochiquetzallia
Xochiquetzallia is a genus of geophytic flowering plants of the subfamily Brodiaeoideae in the family Asparagaceae. The genus contains four species: three previously classified within the genus Dandya and one other previously classified within Milla. Earlier genetic and morphological research had shown that the broad Milla clade of plants is made up of two sister lineages. The four plant species now within Xochiquetzallia make up one of these lineages, and are more closely related to each other than they are to the second lineage, which is made up of the remaining Milla species, Dandya purpusii, and the genera Behria, Bessera, Jaimehintonia and Petronymphe. Jorge Gutiérrez and Teresa Terrazas, two of the botanists who worked on the earlier research, followed up in 2020 with a paper formally transferring the four species from Dandya and Milla to Xochiquetzallia.

All four Xochiquetzallia species occur in Mexico's Río Balsas watershed, south of Mexico City.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Lees Camp, Oregon
Lees Camp (also Lee's Camp) is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. It is along Oregon Route 6 about 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Tillamook at the confluence of the Wilson River and North Fork Wilson River, surrounded by the Tillamook State Forest. It is near the summit of the Northern Oregon Coast Range.

Oregon Route 6
Oregon Route 6 is a  state highway in the U.S. state of Oregon that runs between the city of Tillamook on the Oregon Coast, to the Willamette Valley, near Banks.  OR 6 traverses the Wilson River Highway No. 37 of the Oregon state highway system, named after the river paralleling the highway's western segment.
The law countering the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against peace and security
The law countering the hostile actions of the Zionist regime against peace and security is a plan that was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran on May 20, 2020, in accordance with Article 123 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This law is a plan claimed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly and includes 16 articles to prevent the relations between the people, citizens and companies of Iran with the people and companies of Israel in the framework of the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This law refers to a role to prevent any relations between Iranian and Israeli citizens.

Demographics of Iran
Iran's population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016. As of 2025, Iran's population is around 86.6 million. In recent years, however, Iran's birth rate has dropped significantly. Studies project that Iran's rate of population growth will continue to slow until it stabilises above 100 million by 2050. Half of Iran's population was under 35 years old in 2012. As of January 2025, the average age of the Iranian population is 32 years.

In 2009, the number of households stood at 15.3 million (4.8 persons per household). Families earn some 11.8 million rials (about $960) per month on average (2012).

According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Iran from 1990 to 2008 was 17.6 million and 32%. The literacy rate was 80% in 2002, and 85% in 2016. The fertility rate has fallen to 1.44, below the natural replacement rate of 2.1.
Gustave Roy
Gustave Roy (21 April 1907 – 5 January 1982) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Cap-Chat, Quebec, he was a physician and surgeon by career.

The son of Gustave Roy and Vitaline Côté, Roy was educated at Rimouski Seminary, then at Université Laval where he received his medical degree. He set up practise in Mont-Laurier. Roy was also president and director for L'Écho de la Lièvre.

In 1937, a lumberman whose leg had been fractured was dissatisfied with Roy's treatment and attempted to shoot the doctor; his gun failed to discharge and the dissatisfied client was arrested.

He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Quebec assembly in 1952. He was first elected at the Labelle riding in the 1953 general election, unseating Progressive Conservative party incumbent Henri Courtemanche. After serving his only term, the 22nd Canadian Parliament, Roy was defeated by Courtemanche in the 1957 election. He died in Mont-Laurier in 1982.

22nd Canadian Parliament
The 22nd Canadian Parliament was in session from November 12, 1953, until April 12, 1957.  The membership was set by the 1953 federal election on August 10, 1953, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1957 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and the 17th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led first by George Drew, and then by William Earl Rowe, George Drew (again), William Earl Rowe, and John Diefenbaker consecutively.

The Speaker was Louis-René Beaudoin.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1952-1966 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were five sessions of the 22nd Parliament.
Montefiorino
Montefiorino (Frignanese: Muntfiurèin) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Bologna and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Modena.

Province of Modena
The province of Modena (Italian: provincia di Modena) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Modena.
It has an area of 2,689 square kilometres (1,038 sq mi) and a total population of about 701,000 (2015). There are 48 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province (see list of comuni of the province of Modena). The largest after Modena are Carpi, Sassuolo, Formigine and Castelfranco Emilia.
Rachele Barbieri
Rachele Barbieri (born 21 February 1997) is an Italian professional road and track cyclist, who rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Team Picnic PostNL.

She won the women's scratch race at the 2017 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. Barbieri is an athlete of the Gruppo Sportivo Fiamme Oro.

2017 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2017 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2017. They took place in Hong Kong in the Hong Kong Velodrome from 12 to 16 April 2017. The last time the championships took place in Asia was at the 1990 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Japan at the Green Dome Maebashi.
Spong Wood
Spong Wood is a  18-hectare (44-acre) nature reserve west of Stelling Minnis in Kent. It is managed by Kent Wildlife Trust.

Common trees in this coppiced wood include sweet chestnut, oak, hornbeam and hazel. Orchids can be found on the high slopes and ramsons lower down.

There is access by footpaths to its western corner.

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum, known as wild garlic, ramsons, cowleekes, cows's leek, cowleek, buckrams, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic, bear leek, Eurasian wild garlic, onion grass, or bear's garlic, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant in the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae. It is native to Eurasia, where it grows in moist woodland. It is a wild relative of onion and garlic, all belonging to the same genus, Allium. There are two recognized subspecies: A. ursinum subsp. ursinum and A. ursinum subsp. ucrainicum.
Carnarvon Castle railway station
Carnarvon Castle railway station was opened in 1856 by the narrow gauge Nantlle Railway near the foot of what is today the Allt Y Castell which slopes down to Caernarfon's harbour area. It was the line's northern terminus and was the closest of Caernarfon's ultimately four stations to the historic town centre.

James I. C. Boyd
James Ian Craig Boyd (31 March 1921 – 20 February 2009) was an English author and narrow-gauge railway historian.

Boyd spent a lifetime researching and writing on narrow-gauge railways. His books on narrow-gauge railways in North and Mid Wales, the Isle of Man and Ireland are considered to be standard works on the subject. His books, published by The Oakwood Press since 1949, are rarely out of print, reflecting their importance to, and popularity with, railway historians and enthusiasts.
31st Brigade (Australia)
The 31st Brigade was a formation of the Australian Army during World War II. Raised in January 1942, amidst concerns of a Japanese invasion of Australia, the brigade was tasked with defending  the eastern New South Wales coast around Botany Bay and Cronulla. Initially consisting of just two infantry battalions, after several months a third battalion was assigned to bring it up to strength. The formation was only short-lived and was disbanded in September 1942, having never seen combat, with its battalions being reassigned to other formations.

Blakehurst
Blakehurst is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 18 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Georges River Council. It is part of the St George area.

Blakehurst is connected to Sylvania, in the Sutherland Shire, to the south, by Tom Uglys Bridge over the Georges River. Tom Uglys Point is the southernmost part. The eastern border runs along Kogarah Bay and the western border runs along Kyle Bay.
Sola Air Station
Sola Air Station (IATA: SVG, ICAO: ENZV) (Norwegian: Sola flystasjon) is a base for the Royal Norwegian Air Force. It is located in Sola municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. Rescue Helicopter Service is stationed at Sola along with Helicopter Squadron 330.

Also located at Sola is Stavanger Airport, Sola and an aviation museum. Near Sola, at Jåttå in Stavanger is NATO's Joint Warfare Center.

Joint Warfare Centre
The Joint Warfare Centre (JWC) is a NATO establishment headquartered in Stavanger, Norway.

It was established at Jåttå on 23 October 2003 as a subordinate command of Headquarters Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (HQ SACT). The purpose of this was to have a command with responsibility for training and exercise of the NATO headquarters. The old Joint Headquarters North (JHQ NORTH) was abolished and command transferred to the Allied Command Transformation (ACT) in Norfolk, Virginia, US.
Jánoš
Jánoš (feminine: Jánošová) is a Czech and Slovak surname, derived from the given name Jan. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Jánoš (born 1992), Czech footballer

Anton Jánoš (born 1958), Slovak footballer and manager

Branislav Jánoš (born 1971), Slovak ice hockey player

Štefan Jánoš (born 1943), Slovak-Swiss physicist

Vladimír Jánoš (born 1945), Czech rower

Jan (name)
Jan is a form of John that is used in various languages. (See the “Other names” section in this page's infobox for more variants.)

The name is used in Afrikaans, Belarusian, Circassian, Catalan, Cornish, Croatian, Czech, English (especially in Devon dialect), Dutch, German, Kazakh, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Scandinavian and Finnic languages. It is the most prevalent in the Czech Republic.  In English, the name "Jan" is not related to "John", but is a shortened form of the first names Janet, Janice, Janine, or January, with corresponding pronunciation. It has a separate origin in Greek, Armenian, and as a Persian name.
Combes quinoline synthesis
The Combes quinoline synthesis is a chemical reaction, which was first reported by Combes in 1888. Further studies and reviews of the Combes quinoline synthesis and its variations have been published by Alyamkina et al., Bergstrom and Franklin, Born, and Johnson and Mathews.

The Combes quinoline synthesis is often used to prepare the 2,4-substituted quinoline backbone and is unique in that it uses a β-diketone substrate, which is different from other quinoline preparation methods, such as the Conrad-Limpach synthesis and the Doebner reaction.

It involves the condensation of unsubstituted anilines (1) with β-diketones (2) to form substituted quinolines (4) after an acid-catalyzed ring closure of an intermediate Schiff base (3).

Annulation
In organic chemistry, annulation (from Latin  anellus 'little ring'; occasionally annelation) is a chemical reaction in which a new ring is constructed on a molecule.

Examples are the Robinson annulation, Danheiser annulation and certain cycloadditions.  Annular molecules are constructed from side-on condensed cyclic segments, for example helicenes and acenes.  In transannulation a bicyclic molecule is created by intramolecular carbon-carbon bond formation in a large monocyclic ring. An example is the samarium(II) iodide induced ketone - alkene cyclization of 5-methylenecyclooctanone which proceeds through a ketyl intermediate:
Jocelyn (1933 film)
Jocelyn is a 1933 French historical drama film directed by Pierre Guerlais and starring Samson Fainsilber,  Marguerite Weintenberger and Octave Berthier. It was remade in 1952. It is based on the 1836 novel of the same title by Alphonse de Lamartine set during the French Revolution.

Alphonse de Lamartine
Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine (French: [alfɔ̃s maʁi lwi də pʁa d(ə) lamaʁtin]; 21 October 1790 – 28 February 1869) was a French author, poet, and statesman. Initially a moderate royalist, he became one of the leading critics of the July Monarchy of Louis-Philippe, aligning more with the Republican Left and Social Catholicism.

Lamartine was a leading figure in the 1848 French Revolution and was instrumental in the foundation of the Second Republic along with the preservation of the tricolor as the flag of France. During the revolutionary year of 1848 he served as Foreign Minister and frequently worked to ease tensions between the government and the working class. He was a candidate in the 1848 French presidential election but lost to Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. After the election, he retired from political life.
Ishannath Mandir
Ishannath Mandir (Maithili: ईशाननाथ मंदिर) is an ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent. It is located at Damami Village of Lohasi Panchayat in the Belsand block of the Sitamarhi district in Bihar, India. It is also known as Damami Matha. The Shivalinga of the temple is also called as Swayambhu Mahadev and Pataleshwar Mahadev. It is locally also called as Baba Ishannath Mahadev. The temple is related to Ramayana. According to legend, it is said that Lord Rama's procession took rest here while going back to Ayodhya from Janakpur.

Maithili language
Maithili (Tirhuta: 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲, /ˈmaɪtɪli/ MY-til-ee, Maithili: [ˈməi̯tʰɪliː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal. It is native to the Mithila region, which encompasses parts of the eastern Indian states of Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepal's Koshi and Madhesh Provinces. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the second most commonly spoken native Nepalese language constitutionally registered as one of the fourteen provincial official languages of Nepal.

It is spoken by 21.7 million people. Of those, 3.2 million are Nepalese speakers. The language is predominantly written in Devanagari, but the historical Tirhuta and Kaithi scripts retain some use until today.
Pseudohermonassa bicarnea
Pseudohermonassa bicarnea, the pink-spotted dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in eastern North America, and as far west as south-central Saskatchewan and central North Dakota, south to western North Carolina. It has recently been recorded from Tennessee.

The wingspan is 32–43 mm. Adults are on wing from July to October. There is one generation per year.

The larvae probably feed on Glyceria maxima and Glyceria canadensis. Older records list Vaccinium, Betula populifolia, Taraxacum officinale, Acer and meadowsweet as food plants.

Glyceria canadensis
Glyceria canadensis is a species of grass in the genus Glyceria which is known by the common name rattlesnake mannagrass. It is native to North America, from British Columbia to Newfoundland and south to North Carolina. It is commonly found in wet areas.
Choi Hong-hi
Choi Hong-hi (Korean: 최홍희; 9 November 1918 – 15 June 2002) was a South Korean Army general, and martial artist who was an important figure in the history of the Korean martial art of Taekwondo, albeit controversial due to his introduction of taekwondo to North Korea.

Choi is regarded by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most often by organizations belonging to the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first international federation for Taekwondo, which he founded. Others, such as World Taekwondo, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a dishonorable figure in taekwondo history because of his defection to North Korea, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history or through explicit statements, due to the aforementioned controversy.

Republic of Korea Army
The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA; Korean: 대한민국 육군; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍; RR: Daehanminguk Yukgun), also known as the ROK Army or South Korean Army, is the army of South Korea, responsible for ground-based warfare. It is the largest of the military branches of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces with 400,000 members as of 2025. This size is maintained through conscription: All able-bodied South Korean males must complete military service (18 months for the army, auxiliary police, and marines, 20 months for the navy and conscripted firefighters, 21 months for the air force and social service, and 36 months for alternative service) between the ages of 18 and 35.
Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide
Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide (or FormylGlycinAmideRibotide, FGAR) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin also contain fragments derived from FGAR.

FGAR is formed when the enzyme phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase adds a formyl group from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR) in reaction EC 2.1.2.2:

GAR + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate → FGAR + tetrahydrofolate

The biosynthesis pathway next converts FGAR to an amidine by the action of phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (EC 6.3.5.3), transferring an amino group from glutamine and giving 5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine (FGAM) in a reaction that also requires ATP:

FGAR + ATP + glutamine + H2O → FGAM + ADP + glutamate + Pi

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.
Playdate (console)
The Playdate is a handheld video game console developed by Panic Inc. The device features a mechanical crank and a black-and-white screen. The console was announced in May 2019 and was released in April 2022.

Crank (mechanism)
A crank is an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating shaft by which circular motion is imparted to or received from the shaft. When combined with a connecting rod, it can be used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice versa. The arm may be a bent portion of the shaft, or a separate arm or disk attached to it. Attached to the end of the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually called a connecting rod (conrod).

The term often refers to a human-powered crank which is used to manually turn an axle, as in a bicycle crankset or a brace and bit drill. In this case a person's arm or leg serves as the connecting rod, applying reciprocating force to the crank. There is usually a bar perpendicular to the other end of the arm, often with a freely rotatable handle or pedal attached.