hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trajal Harrell
Trajal Harrell (born 1973) is an American dancer and choreographer. Best known for a series entitled Twenty Looks or Paris is Burning at The Judson Church, Harrell "confronts the history, construction, and interpretation of contemporary dance."

Vogue (dance)
Vogue, or voguing, is a highly stylized, modern house dance originating in the late 1980s that evolved out of the Harlem ballroom scene of the 1960s. It is inspired by the poses of models in fashion magazines.

It gained mainstream exposure when it was featured in Madonna's song and video "Vogue" (1990), and when showcased in the 1990 documentary Paris Is Burning (which went on to win the Grand Jury Prize at the 1991 Sundance Film Festival). In its modern form, this dance has become a global phenomenon that continues to evolve both stylistically and demographically.
History of Wayanad
Wayanad district, which is home to Edakkal Caves, has human settlement from prehistoric era. Wayanad is the sole Plateau in Kerala. The tribal dialects of Wayanad like the Ravula language and the Paniya language are closely related to Malayalam.

Kodagu district
Kodagu district (Kodava: [koɖɐɡɨ, -ʋɨ], also known by its former name Coorg, Kodava: koḍagï, koḍavï) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State.
Toronto Motorsports Park
Toronto Motorsports Park is a dragway and 3-kilometre roadcourse racing facility in Haldimand County, near the town of Cayuga, Ontario, Canada.

Toronto Motorsports Park held the IHRA ACDelco Canadian Nationals, which attracted hundreds of cars from around Canada and the U.S., until 2007.

As of 2024, it runs numerous open track days at both the 1/4 mile drag strip and road course where people can take their cars to the track and push them in a non-competitive environment. It also hosts motorcycle training, Ontario Time Attack competitions, exotic car and F2000 racecar track rentals, and group track rentals.

Cayuga, Ontario
Cayuga (/keɪˈjuːɡə/ kay-YOO-gə) is an unincorporated community and county seat of Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada located at the intersection of Highway 3 and Munsee Street and along the Grand River. Cayuga is about a 20-minute drive from Lake Erie and 30 minutes south of Hamilton and 115 minutes south of Toronto and consequently it has some cottages and recreational properties in the area.  In the past, there was some light industry.  It has the local district detachment for the Ontario Provincial Police. It is also uniquely located among larger communities on both the American and Canadian sides of the border boasting television reception from Toronto, Buffalo, New York, Hamilton, Kitchener and Erie, Pennsylvania.
Amina Lawal
Amina Lawal Kurami (born 1972) is a Nigerian woman previously sentenced to death by stoning for adultery and for conceiving a child out of wedlock. Lawal was sentenced by an Islamic Sharia court in Funtua, in the northern state of Katsina, in Nigeria, on 22 March 2002. The person she identified as the father of the child, Yahayya Muhammad Kurami, was acquitted of the accusation of zinā. Although Kurami was excused because he took an oath by the Qur’an, this was not an option for Lawal due to the presence of her child, which is considered proof in the Mālikī school.

Lawal's conviction sparked an international controversy. It was overturned by the Katsina State Sharia Court of Appeal which ruled that it violated Islamic law, and she later remarried.

Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795 CE) in the 8th century. In contrast to the Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Ra'y schools of thought, the Maliki school takes a unique position known as Ahl al-A'mal, in which they consider the Sunnah to be primarily sourced from the practice of the people of Medina and living Islamic traditions for their rulings on Islamic law.

The Maliki school is the second largest Sunni school, larger than the Shafi’i school but smaller than the Hanafi school. It is predominant in North Africa, West Africa and the Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The current Maliki population is said to be around 500 million, comprising about 25% of the total Muslim population.
Psyllium (Bithynia)
Psyllium or Psyllion (Ancient Greek: Ψύλλιον), or Psylleium or Psylleion (Ψύλλειον), or Psillium or Psillion was a fortified emporium on a river of the same name. It was located on the Pontus Euxinus in ancient Bithynia between Artanes and Kalpe. The Tabula Peutingeriana calls it Philium.

Its site is located near Ağva in Asiatic Turkey. Another coastal town with a similar name, Psylla, was located on the coast further to the east, between Crenides and Tium.

Bithynia
Bithynia (/bɪˈθɪniə/; Koine Greek: Βιθυνία, romanized: Bithynía) is a geographical region of northwestern Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It borders Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor.

Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 3rd century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus (region) region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.

In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333.
Verkhnia Rozhanka
Verkhnia Rozhanka (Ukrainian: Ве́рхня Рожа́нка, Polish: Rożanka Wyżna) is a village in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. It belongs to the Slavske settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The local government is the Nyzhnorozhanska village council.

Stryi Raion
Stryi Raion (Ukrainian: Стрийський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Stryi. Population: 319,464 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of Ukraine's administrative reform, the number of raions in Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Stryi Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Mykolaiv, Skole, and Zhydachiv Raions, as well as the cities of Morshyn, Novyi Rozdil, and Stryi, which were previously incorporated as cities of oblast significance, were merged into Stryi Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 60,912 (2020 est.).

It was established in 1939 as part of Drohobych Oblast.
Percolation theory
In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of a network when nodes or links are added. This is a geometric type of phase transition, since at a critical fraction of addition the network of small, disconnected clusters merge into significantly larger connected, so-called spanning clusters. The applications of percolation theory to materials science and in many other disciplines are discussed here and in the articles Network theory and Percolation (cognitive psychology).

Network theory
In mathematics, computer science, and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory. It defines networks as graphs where the vertices or edges possess attributes. Network theory analyses these networks over the symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between their (discrete) components.

Network theory has applications in many disciplines, including statistical physics, particle physics, computer science, electrical engineering, biology, archaeology, linguistics, economics, finance, operations research, climatology, ecology, public health, sociology, psychology, and neuroscience. Applications of network theory include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, Internet, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc.; see List of network theory topics for more examples.

Euler's solution of the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem is considered to be the first true proof in the theory of networks.
Kumykia
Kumykia (Kumyk: Qumuq, Къумукъ), or rarely called Kumykistan, is a historical and geographical region located along the Caspian Sea shores, on the Kumyk plateau, in the foothills of Dagestan and along the river Terek. The term Kumykia encompasses territories which are historically and currently populated by the Turkic-speaking Kumyk people. Kumykia was the main "granary of Dagestan". The important trade routes, such as one of the branches of the Great Silk Road, passed via Kumykia.

Braguny
43°26′28″N 46°05′42″E﻿ / ﻿43.44111°N 46.09500°E﻿ / 43.44111; 46.09500

Braguny (Russian: Брагуны, Chechen: БоргӀане, Borġane; Kumyk: Борагъан, Borağan) is a rural locality (a selo) in Gudermessky District, Chechnya.
Robert E. Cleary
Robert Earl Cleary (June 2, 1931 – February 11, 2018) was a United States Marine who served as the 10th Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps from 1983 to 1987. He served in the Marine Corps for 36 years, including seeing combat in both the Korean War and the Vietnam War. For his actions in Vietnam, he was awarded the Silver Star, the Navy Commendation Medal, and two Purple Hearts.
He was the last Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps to have served in the Korean War.

Drill instructor
A drill instructor is a non-commissioned officer in the armed forces, fire department, or police forces with specific duties that vary by country. Foot drill, military step, and marching are typically taught by drill instructors.
Last Word
Last Word is a radio obituary series broadcast weekly on BBC Radio 4. Each week, the lives of recently deceased famous people are summarised with narration and interviews with people who knew them. It is normally presented by Matthew Bannister, although occasionally it has been presented by others, including Kate Silverton and Julian Worricker.

The programme was first broadcast on 10 February 2006. On 29 September 2006, a biography of American songwriter Paul Vance (1929–2022) was broadcast, including an interview with Vance himself, after his death was announced in the media by mistake.

Paul Vance
Joseph Paul Florio (November 4, 1929 – May 30, 2022), known professionally as Paul Vance, was an American songwriter and record producer, primarily from the 1950s until the 1970s.

His most successful song compositions, all written with Lee Pockriss, included "Catch a Falling Star", "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini", and "Tracy".
Shaolin Temple UK
Shaolin Temple UK is a martial arts school and centre for study of Shaolin culture, in particular Gong Fu-Ch'an, Qigong and Chan Buddhist Meditation. It was founded in 2000 by Shaolin monk Shi Yanzi, and is located in North London, England, between the Tufnell Park and Archway Northern Line tube stations.

Shaolin Temple UK is an official emissary of the 1,500-year-old Shaolin Temple in Henan Province in China, by direct mandate from the Abbot Venerable Shi Yong Xin.

Classes are taught by Shi Yanlei and 35th generation disciples: Shi Hengdao, Hengjiu, Hengshang and Hengdi.

The school emphasises balanced training both in the external and internal martial arts. Students typically train both in Gong Fu and Qigong. Notable figures to have trained at the school include actor Andrew Koji.

North London
North London is the northern part of London, England, north of the River Thames and the City of London. It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury, on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire. The term is occasionally used in reference to all of London north of the River Thames.

The term differentiates the area from South London, East London and West London. Some parts of North London are also part of Central London.
Shi Longfei
Shi Longfei (Chinese: 史龙飞; pinyin: Shǐ Lóngfēi; born 18 January 1994) is a Chinese badminton player from Shanghai. He was part of the Chinese junior team that won the mixed team silver medal at the 2012 Asian Junior Championships. Teamed-up with Chen Zhuofu in the men's doubles, they finished as the semi-finalist and settled for the bronze medal at the 2014 Asian Championships, defeated by their teammates Li Junhui and Liu Yuchen with the score 9–21, 14–21. Shi was the mixed doubles champion at the 2017 Vietnam International tournament partnered with Tang Pingyang.

2012 Asian Junior Badminton Championships
The 2012 Asian Junior Badminton Championships is an Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. It was held in Gimcheon Indoor Stadium, Gimcheon, South Korea from June 30 to July 7, 2012.
2015–16 Hong Kong FA Cup preliminary round
The 2015–16 Hong Kong FA Cup preliminary round is the 41st edition of the Hong Kong FA Cup and the 3rd edition of the Hong Kong FA Cup preliminary round. 42 teams from the Hong Kong First Division League, the Hong Kong Second Division League and the Hong Kong Third Division League competed in the preliminary round. The top 3 teams from the preliminary round (Sun Hei, Tai Po, Wanchai) qualified for the First Round proper in the 2015–16 Hong Kong FA Cup.

2015–16 Hong Kong Second Division League
The 2015–16 Hong Kong Second Division League is the 2nd season of Hong Kong Second Division League since it became the third-tier football league in Hong Kong in 2014–15.

The league started on 13 September 2015 and ended on 8 May 2016.
Probabilistic relevance model
The probabilistic relevance model was devised by Stephen E. Robertson and Karen Spärck Jones as a framework for  probabilistic models to come. It is a formalism of information retrieval useful to derive ranking functions used by search engines and  web search engines in order to rank matching documents according to their relevance to a given search query.

It is a theoretical model estimating the probability that a document dj is relevant to a query q. The model assumes that this probability of relevance depends on the query and document representations. Furthermore, it assumes that there is a portion of all documents that is preferred by the user as the answer set for query q. Such an ideal answer set is called R and should maximize the overall probability of relevance to that user. The prediction is that documents in this set R are relevant to the query, while documents not present in the set are non-relevant.

Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding term is probabilistic model. All statistical hypothesis tests and all statistical estimators are derived via statistical models. More generally, statistical models are part of the foundation of statistical inference. A statistical model is usually specified as a mathematical relationship between one or more random variables and other non-random variables.  As such, a statistical model is "a formal representation of a theory" (Herman Adèr quoting Kenneth Bollen).
Usqullu
Usqullu (Quechua for Andean mountain cat, hispanicized spelling Oscollo) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Andagua District. Usqullu lies northwest of the peak of Wakapallqa (Huagapalca) and northeast of Puma Ranra and Usqullu Lake.

Andean mountain cat
The Andean mountain cat (Leopardus jacobita) is a small wild cat native to the high Andes that has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List because fewer than 1,500 individuals are thought to exist in the wild. It is traditionally considered a sacred animal by indigenous Aymara and Quechua people.

The Andean mountain cat was first described by Emilio Cornalia, who named it in honor of Jacobita Mantegazza. It is a monotypic species.
Gino Geraci
Gino Geraci is an American pastor and speaker who served as the senior pastor of Calvary South Denver in Littleton, Colorado, where he is now Pastor Emeritus. He is also the host of Christian radio talk show "Crosswalk" on Denver station KRKS-FM.

Littleton, Colorado
Littleton is a home rule municipality city located in Arapahoe County, Colorado, United States. Littleton is the county seat of Arapahoe County and is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city population was 45,652 at the 2020 United States census, ranking as the 20th most populous municipality in Colorado.
Selection rule
In physics and chemistry, a selection rule, or transition rule, formally constrains the possible transitions of a system from one quantum state to another. Selection rules have been derived for electromagnetic transitions in molecules, in atoms, in atomic nuclei, and so on. The selection rules may differ according to the technique used to observe the transition. The selection rule also plays a role in chemical reactions, where some are formally spin-forbidden reactions, that is, reactions where the spin state changes at least once from reactants to products.

In the following, mainly atomic and molecular transitions are considered.

Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent (/riˈeɪdʒənt/ ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. A reactant is a substance or compound that is consumed in a chemical reaction. The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction; reagent is used in the context of chemical analysis, while reactant is used in the context of reaction itself. Solvents, though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, catalysts are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrates.
Proper model structure
In higher category theory in mathematics, a proper model structure is a model structure in which additionally weak equivalences are preserved under pullback (fiber product) along fibrations, called right proper, and pushouts (cofiber product) along cofibrations, called left proper. It is helpful to construct weak equivalences and hence to find isomorphic objects in the homotopy theory of the model structure.

Pushout (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pushout (also called a fibered coproduct or fibered sum or cocartesian square or amalgamated sum) is the colimit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : Z → X and g : Z → Y with a common domain. The pushout consists of an object P along with two morphisms X → P  and Y → P that complete a commutative square with the two given morphisms f and g. In fact, the defining universal property of the pushout (given below) essentially says that the pushout is the "most general" way to complete this commutative square. Common notations for the pushout are  and .

The pushout is the categorical dual of the pullback.
Dan Kelly (poker player)
Daniel J. Kelly (born March 10, 1989, in Fairfax, Virginia) is an American professional poker player from Potomac, Maryland, who won his first bracelet at the 2010 World Series of Poker in the $25,000 No Limit Hold'em Six Handed event, earning $1,315,518. his second came at the 2014 WSOP in the $1,500 Limit Hold'em event.

Kelly graduated from Villanova University in 2011 with a degree in mechanical engineering. He was also a sponsored professional poker player as one of Doyle's 10 at the online card-room Doyles Room.

Fairfax, Virginia
Fairfax (/ˈfɛərfæks/ FAIR-faks) is an independent city in Virginia and the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,146.

Fairfax is part of both the Washington metropolitan area and Northern Virginia regions. It is located 14 miles (23 km) west of Washington, D.C. Fairfax is served by  Washington Metro's Orange Line.

George Mason University, located in unincorporated Fairfax County along Fairfax's southern border, is the largest public university in Virginia with 40,185 students as of 2023.
Scot Breithaupt
Scot Alexander Breithaupt (July 14, 1957 – July 5, 2015) was an entrepreneur, old school professional motorcycle MX and bicycle motocross (BMX) racer. He was the founding father of BMX in 1970. His prime competitive years were 1970 to 1984. Many consider him, in some ways, a founder of "Old School BMX", an era from roughly 1969 to 1987/1988, from its very beginnings to just after its first major slump in popularity from 1985 to 1988.

National Bicycle League
The National Bicycle League (NBL) was a United States–based Bicycle Motocross (BMX) sports sanctioning body originally based in Deerfield Beach, Florida, but after several moves it was based in Hilliard, Ohio. It was created by George Edward Esser  in 1974 as first the bicycle auxiliary of the National Motorcycle League (NML) then set up as an independent non-profit organization unlike the earlier National Bicycle Association (NBA) and the later American Bicycle Association (ABA). George Esser played a major part in establishing Bicycle Motocross racing in Florida and shortly after the East Coast of the United States as Ernie Alexander did in California and the West Coast. The organization that sanctions bicycle motocross races in the United States/Canada is now known as USA BMX.
Sikhism in China
Sikhism in China is a minority religion in the People's Republic of China (Mandarin Chinese: 锡克教在中国, romanized: Xí kè jiào zài zhōngguó, lit. 'Sikhism in China'). Sikhism originated from the Punjab region of the northern Indian subcontinent.

Yiwu
Yiwu (Chinese: 义乌; pinyin: Yìwū) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jinhua, in central Zhejiang province, China. It is best known for hosting the Yiwu International Trade City, the world's largest wholesale market for small commodities.
Newcastle Reform Synagogue
The Newcastle Reform Synagogue (transliterated from Hebrew as Ner Tamid, lit. "Everlasting Light"), is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Gosforth in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1963, the congregation is a member of the Movement for Reform Judaism.

Gosforth
Gosforth is an area of Newcastle upon Tyne, in Tyne and Wear, England, situated north of the city centre. It constituted a separate urban district of Northumberland from 1895 until 1974 before officially merging with the city of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 2001, it had a population of 23,620.

The Ouseburn divides Gosforth from High Heaton and Longbenton to the east, while the smaller Craghall Burn forms the boundary with Jesmond and the Town Moor to the south. Kenton and Coxlodge lie to the west. There are four electoral wards on Newcastle City Council that include parts of Gosforth: Dene and South Gosforth, Fawdon and West Gosforth, Gosforth, and Parklands.
Cuckoo Patrol
Cuckoo Patrol is a 1967 British musical comedy film directed by Duncan Wood and starring Freddie Garrity, Victor Maddern, John Le Mesurier and Kenneth Connor. The screenplay was by Lew Schwarz. It was produced in 1965 but held back for two years.

Duncan Wood
Wilfred Duncan Wood (24 March 1925 – 11 January 1997) was a British comedy producer, director and writer, who has been described as "the founding father of the British TV sitcom".

Wood's best-known achievements were to produce all of Tony Hancock's Half Hours for BBC TV during the late 1950s and early 1960s, and later the sitcom Steptoe and Son for most of its run, created by Hancock's former writers Ray Galton and Alan Simpson.

From 1970 to 1973, Wood was the BBC's Head of Comedy. He left in 1973 to become Head of Light Entertainment at Yorkshire Television and was responsible for commissioning Rising Damp.