hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Giant Pool of Money
"The Giant Pool of Money" is an episode of the radio show This American Life which originally aired on May 9, 2008. The episode described to a general audience the causes and factors which led to the subprime mortgage crisis. Specifically, the show aimed to show the chain of people who were "participants up and down the subprime food chain".

The show featured Adam Davidson, a business correspondent for National Public Radio and Alex Blumberg, a producer for the show, interviewing and reporting on the 2008 financial crisis. Blumberg described it as trying to answer the question "why are they lending money to people who can't afford to pay it back?"

This American Life
This American Life is a weekly hour-long American radio program produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media and hosted by Ira Glass. It is broadcast on numerous public radio stations in the United States and internationally, and is also available as a free weekly podcast. Primarily a journalistic non-fiction program, it has also featured essays, memoirs, field recordings, short fiction, and found footage. The first episode aired on November 17, 1995, under the show's original title, Your Radio Playhouse. The series was distributed by Public Radio International until June 2014, when the program became self-distributed with Public Radio Exchange delivering new episodes to public radio stations.

A television adaptation of the show ran for two seasons on the Showtime cable network between June 2007 and May 2008.
Mansion House (McDowell, Virginia)
Mansion House is a historic home located at McDowell, Highland County, Virginia. It was built in 1851, and is a two-story, three-bay, L-shaped brick dwelling in the Greek Revival style. It has a central-passage/single-pile-plan. Also on the property are a contributing frame shed, and the sites of a log kitchen structure and outbuilding. The house served as an American Civil War hospital in the time around the Battle of McDowell on May 8, 1862. In 1886, the building was sold to James and Mary Bradshaw, who operated it as a hotel until 1930.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

The house is now owned by the Highland County Historical Society and operated as the Highland County Museum.

Highland County, Virginia
Highland County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,232, making it the state's least populous jurisdiction, including counties and independent cities. Its county seat is Monterey.  Known as "Virginia's Switzerland" or "Virginia's Little Switzerland", Highland lays claim to being one of the least populous counties east of the Mississippi River, and is the second-highest county in Virginia by average elevation after Grayson.
Chamber play
A chamber play is a play of usually three acts which can be performed with a small cast and practically no sets or costumes in a small space. The form became popular in the early 20th century, with leading exponents being Max Reinhardt and August Strindberg. The first cinema adaptation was Kammerspielfilm in the 1920s, and the format was later adapted for cinema by Ingmar Bergman  and Carl Theodor Dreyer.

The name is derived from the term chamber music.

Carl Theodor Dreyer
Carl Theodor Dreyer (Danish: [ˈkʰɑˀl ˈtsʰe̝ːotɒ ˈtʁɑjˀɐ]; 3 February 1889 – 20 March 1968), commonly known as Carl Th. Dreyer, was a Danish film director and screenwriter. Widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers in history, his movies are noted for emotional austerity and slow, stately pacing, frequent themes of social intolerance, the inseparability of fate and death, and the power of evil in earthly life.

His 1928 movie The Passion of Joan of Arc is considered to be one of the greatest of all time, renowned for its cinematography and use of close-ups. It frequently appears on Sight & Sound's lists of the greatest films ever made, and in 2012's poll, it was voted the ninth-best film by critics and 37th by directors.

His other well-known films include Michael (1924), Vampyr (1932), Day of Wrath (1943), Ordet (The Word) (1955), and Gertrud (1964).
Swarth Group
Swarth Group is a private equity company, owned by Israeli investor Shaul Shani.  In 2007, it purchased Israeli ECI Telecom for $1.24 billion. The company headquarters are in Petah Tikva, Israel. The company specialises in Telecoms. In 2008, it acquired a 16.44% share of GVT Holding, which owns GVT Holland, and itself owns 22.9% of Brazilian telecom firm Global Village Telecom. The stake was purchased from Nochi Dankner's Discount Investment Corporation Ltd. In 2009 Swarth group sold its holding in GVT to Vivendi the deal reflects a 15.8% premium on the price paid for it by Swarth in 2008.

Global Village Telecom
Global Village Telecom (GVT) was a Brazilian telecommunications company that offers services on landline telephone, broadband for both consumer and business, Pay TV and voice over IP and belongs to Telefónica, through Telefônica Brasil. GVT has been in the market since the end of 2000. GVT today operates under the Vivo brand.
Yana Urqu (Carrasco)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", also spelled Yana Orkho) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 3,200 m (10,500 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Carrasco Province, Pocona Municipality. It lies north of the Wanaku Mayu ("guanaco river").

Pocona Municipality
Pocona Municipality is the third municipal section of the Carrasco Province in the Cochabamba Department in Bolivia. Its seat is Pocona. At the time of census 2001 the municipality had 13,488 inhabitants.
Rossend Marsol Clua
Rossend Marsol Clua, known by his nickname Sícoris, (Artesa de Segre, 22 October 1922 – Andorra la Vella, 17 January 2006) was an Andorran journalist and writer.

He studied law in the University of Barcelona and was a correspondent for several publication until he had to leave the country for his anti-Francoist and Catalanist ideals. He was later correspondent for the newspapers La Mañana (1959–1990), La Vanguardia (1965–1978), etc. He worked for Radio Andorra and Ràdio Valira and published several books of poems. He was part of the revitalization of the bear dances in Andorra, particularly in Encamp. He was the conductor of Andorran Literature Night (Nit Literària Andorrana) from its creation in 1978.

Encamp
Encamp (Catalan pronunciation: [aŋˈkam]) is one of the parishes of Andorra, located on the Valira d'Orient river. It is also the name of the main town in the parish. Other settlements include Vila, El Pas de la Casa, El Tremat, La Mosquera and Les Bons. As of 2004, it has about 11,800 inhabitants. The centre of the municipality lies 1,226 metres (4,020 ft) above sea level. The highest mountain in the parish is Pic dels Pessons (2,865 m or 9,400 ft). It borders France and Spain.
Melinda Sullivan
Melinda Sullivan (born September 30, 1987) is an American dancer, choreographer and actress. She is known for her work on the U.S. version of So You Think You Can Dance, where she was a contestant in the television series' seventh season, and as the 2012 winner of the Capezio A.C.E. Award. That entry, "Gone", debuted in expanded form in New York in August 2013. In 2021, she began a collaboration with jazz pianist Larry Goldings.

So You Think You Can Dance (American TV series) season 7
So You Think You Can Dance is an American television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company network. Season seven premiered on May 27, 2010. In the August 12 finale, contemporary/jazz contestant Lauren Froderman was named "America's Favorite Dancer" and received the grand prize of $250,000, as well as an appearance on the cover of Dance Spirit magazine and in print advertising for Gatorade. Contemporary dancer Kent Boyd was named runner-up.
Hefele
Hefele is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna-Maria Hefele, German singer

Karl Josef von Hefele (1809–1893), German Catholic bishop and theologian

Michael Hefele (born 1990), German footballer

Anna-Maria Hefele
Anna-Maria Hefele is a German overtone singer. Hefele is from Grafing near Munich.

This technique of singing polyphonic overtones is also known as "throat singing," and Hefele has been practicing it since 2005.

There are several styles of overtone singing found around the world. Canadian Inuit and several forms displayed in Mongolia and surrounding regions are the most recognized. Hefele's style is culturally practiced in the Siberian region of Tuva. This whistling vocal version is called sygyt.

The Huffington Post has commented on her "amazing ability" and her singing being "utterly bizarre". On 10 October 2014, she was number two on The Guardian's Viral Video Chart, with one online video titled Polyphonic Overtone Singing, which features Hefele as she demonstrates and explains overtones. As of June 2021, this video has received more than 21 million hits.
Capped grope
In mathematics, a grope is a construction used in 4-dimensional topology, introduced by Štan'ko (1971) and named by Cannon (1978) "because of its multitudinous fingers".  Capped gropes were used by Freedman (1984) as a substitute for Casson handles, that (unlike Casson handles) work better for non-simply-connected 4-manifolds.

A capped surface in a 4-manifold is roughly a surface together with some 2-disks, called caps, whose boundaries generate the fundamental group of the surface.  A capped grope is obtained by repeatedly replacing the caps of a capped surface by another capped surface.  Capped surfaces and capped  gropes are studied in Freedman & Quinn (1990).

Fundamental group
In the mathematical  field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological space is the group of the equivalence classes under homotopy of the loops contained in the space. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological space. The fundamental group is the first and simplest homotopy group. The fundamental group is a homotopy invariant—topological spaces that are homotopy equivalent (or the stronger case of homeomorphic) have isomorphic fundamental groups. The fundamental group of a topological space  is denoted by .
Natal Government Railways Class B locomotives
The Natal Government Railways Class B locomotives include five locomotive types, all designated Class B irrespective of differences in wheel arrangement.

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (Cape Government Railways, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. In 1912, the NGR Class B locomotives were reclassified into five separate classes on the South African Railways.

4-8-0 wheel arrangement

NGR Class B 4-8-0 1904 (SAR Class 1)

NGR Class B 4-8-0 1910 (SAR Class 1A)

4-8-2 wheel arrangement

NGR Class B 4-8-2 1906 (SAR Class 1B)

NGR Class B 4-8-2 1909 (SAR Class 3)

NGR Class B 4-8-2 1910 (SAR Class 3A)

South African Class 3A 4-8-2
The South African Railways Class 3A 4-8-2 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

Early in 1910, the Natal Government Railways commissioned a single American-built Class B 4-8-2 Mountain type locomotive, also known as the America D. It was the first superheated locomotive to be acquired by the Railways in Natal and also the first with a bar frame. In 1912, when it was assimilated into the South African Railways, it was renumbered and designated Class 3A.
Council of Tortosa
The Council of Tortosa (officially Concilium Dertusanum) was an unrecognised Ecumenical Council held in Catalonia in 1429, convoked by Cardinal Pierre de Foix. The council convened between 19 September and 5 November, passing various decrees concerning the divine service, the ornaments of the church, instruction of youth, the qualifications of the holders of benefices, etc.

Attendees included all the prelates and many of the ecclesiastics of the Kingdom of Aragon, the Kingdom of Valencia, and of the principality of Catalonia. The king's letters confirming the liberties and immunities of the church were read, and at the end of the fourth session twenty canons were approved and published.

Pierre de Foix, le vieux
Peter of Foix the Elder (Fr.: Pierre de Foix, le vieux) (1386 – 13 December 1464) was a French cardinal, created in 1409.

He was the son of Archambaud de Grailly, captal de Buch and Isabella, Countess of Foix.

He was a papal legate in Avignon (1433–1464) and Archbishop of Arles from 1450 to 1463.

He founded the Collège de Foix in Toulouse.
Callitrichales
Callitrichales is a proposed order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by American botanist Arthur Cronquist in the Cronquist system (1981), the order included three families:

Hippuridaceae

Callitrichaceae

Hydrostachyaceae

A feature is the single stamen in the flower.

The order is not recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group; the family Hydrostachyaceae is placed in the order Cornales and the plants making up the other two families are included in the family Plantaginaceae.

Arthur Cronquist
Arthur John Cronquist (March 19, 1919 – March 22, 1992) was an American biologist, botanist and a specialist on Compositae. He is considered one of the most influential botanists of the 20th century, largely due to his formulation of the Cronquist system as well as being the primary co-author to the Flora of the Pacific Northwest, still the most up to date flora for three northwest U.S. States to date. Two plant genera in the aster family have been named in his honor. These are Cronquistia, a possible synonym of Carphochaete, and Cronquistianthus, which is sometimes included as a group within Eupatorium. The former was applied by R.M. King and the latter by him and Harold E. Robinson.
The Fugs First Album
The Fugs First Album is the 1965 debut album by American rock band the Fugs, described in their AllMusic profile as "arguably the first underground rock group of all time". In 1965, the album charted #142 on Billboard's "Top Pop Albums" chart.

In 1969, the FBI opened an investigation on the Fugs after a broadcasting executive flagged this album and Virgin Fugs as "the filthiest and most vulgar thing the human mind could possibly conceive". The case was eventually dropped.

The album was originally released in 1965 as The Village Fugs Sing Ballads of Contemporary Protest, Point of Views, and General Dissatisfaction on Folkways Records before the band signed up with ESP-Disk, who released the album under its own label with a new name in 1966. The album was re-released in 1993 on CD with an additional 11 tracks.

In 2017, Pitchfork ranked the album number 155 on their list of "The 200 Best Albums of the 1960s".

Ken Weaver (musician)
Ken Weaver (born 1940) is an American singer, songwriter and musician.  Born on Galveston Island, Texas, he grew up in El Campo and went on to become a Russian translator for the Air Force. A drummer, Weaver joined Ed Sanders and Tuli Kupferberg to form the rock band The Fugs in 1964. He wrote and sang the songs "Slum Goddess," "I Couldn't Get High," "Dust Devil," and "Four Minutes to Twelve," and contributed to numerous others.  He has since retired from performing.  He wrote Texas Crude, a collection of Texan slang, with illustrations by R. Crumb, in 1983. He studied Russian and worked as a teaching assistant at the University of Arizona in Tucson in 1982-83.
2009 Valencia Open 500 – Doubles
Máximo González and Juan Mónaco were the defending champions, but González chose not to participate this year.
Mónaco partnered with Pablo Cuevas, but they lost in the second round against Victor Hănescu and Horia Tecău.
František Čermák and Michal Mertiňák won in the final 6–4, 6–3, against Marcel Granollers and Tommy Robredo.

Horia Tecău
Horia Tecău (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈhori.a teˈkəw]; born January 19, 1985) is a Romanian former professional tennis player who specialised in doubles.

He is a three-time Grand Slam champion, having won the 2015 Wimbledon Championships and 2017 US Open alongside Jean-Julien Rojer in men's doubles, as well as the 2012 Australian Open with Bethanie Mattek-Sands in mixed doubles. Tecău also reached five further Grand Slam finals: at the 2010, 2011 and 2012 Wimbledon Championships with Robert Lindstedt in men's doubles, and at the 2014 and 2016 Australian Opens in mixed doubles.

He reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 2 in November 2015, shortly before winning the 2015 ATP Finals with Rojer. Tecău won 38 doubles and one mixed doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including three at Masters 1000 level. He also won the silver medal at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, alongside compatriot Florin Mergea.
Juanita Taylor
Juanita Taylor is a Canadian television journalist, most noted as the winner of the Canadian Screen Award for Best National Reporter at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.

An Inuk from Arviat, Nunavut, she graduated from journalism school in 2007, and was briefly a reporter for APTN before joining the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 2009 as a reporter for CBC North. She left the CBC in 2017 to return to APTN as anchor of APTN National News, returning to the CBC the following year as anchor of CBC North's Northbeat. She was the anchor of Northbeat until 2021, when she moved into a new role as a national reporter for the Canadian Arctic region.

CBC North
CBC North (Inuktitut: ᓰᐲᓰ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ, romanized: SiiPiiSii Ukiuqtaqtumi, lit. 'CBC Northwest'; Cree: ᓰᐲᓰ ᒌᐌᑎᓅᑖᐦᒡ, romanized: SiiPiiSii Chiiwetinuutaahch; French: ICI Grand Nord) is the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's radio and television service for the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon of Northern Canada as well as Eeyou Istchee and Nunavik in the Nord-du-Québec region of Quebec.
James W. Kirkpatrick
James W. Kirkpatrick (November 6, 1863 – August 20, 1928) was a lumberman, merchant, shipbuilder, and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1916 to 1920 as a Liberal Conservative member.

Kirkpatrick was born in 1863 at Kirkhill, Nova Scotia, near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, to Thomas Kirkpatrick and Ellen Corbett. He married Mary Elderkin of Advocate, Nova Scotia. He served as a member of the Cumberland County Council. Kirkpatrick died in 1928 at Parrsboro, Nova Scotia. He was elected in the 1916 Nova Scotia general election but did not contest the 1920 Nova Scotia general election.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Choptank, Maryland
Choptank is an unincorporated town and census-designated place on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 129.

The town was founded in the 17th century. It is located on the tidal Choptank River, which flows into Chesapeake Bay. Tradition has it that the name "choptank" was an Anglicization of the Algonquian tshapetank and its namesake tribe.

The town is located at the southwestern corner of Caroline County on the northeast bank of the Choptank River, just north of where Hunting Creek enters the river from the east. The Choptank River flows southwest 11 miles (18 km) to the city of Cambridge and 25 miles (40 km) to Chesapeake Bay. Choptank Road leads northeast 3 miles (5 km) to the town of Preston and the nearest state highways, Maryland Routes 16 and 331.

Cambridge, Maryland
Cambridge is a city in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 13,096 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Dorchester County and the county's largest municipality. Cambridge is the fourth most populous city in Maryland's Eastern Shore region, after Salisbury, Elkton and Easton.
Central volcano
A central volcano is a type of volcano formed by basalts and silica-rich volcanic rocks. They contain very few or no volcanic rocks of intermediate composition, such that they are chemically bimodal. Large silicic eruptions at central volcanoes often result in the formation of one or more calderas. Central volcanoes can be stratovolcanoes or shield volcanoes.

Central volcanoes undergo periodic eruptions throughout their lifetime, which can span more than a million years. In Iceland, volcanic systems are normally named after an associated central volcano. The largest known glaciovolcanic central volcano on Earth is Mount Haddington, a glacier-covered shield volcano on James Ross Island in Antarctica.

Glaciovolcanism
Glaciovolcanism is volcanism and related phenomena associated with glacial ice. The ice commonly constrains the erupted material and melts to create meltwater. Considerable melting of glacial ice can create massive lahars and glacial outburst floods known as jökulhlaups.
Verrières, Puy-de-Dôme
Verrières (French pronunciation: [vɛʁjɛʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Veirièras) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.

In 2024, Verrières was categorized as a rural commune with dispersed housing, according to the seven-level communal density grid defined by INSEE in 2022. It is located outside an urban unit. The commune is part of the Clermont-Ferrand attraction area, which is a suburban commune. This area, which includes 209 communes, is categorized in areas of 200,000 to less than 700,000 inhabitants.

Puy-de-Dôme
Puy-de-Dôme (French: [pɥi də dom] ⓘ; Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the centre of France. In 2021, it had a population of 662,285. Its prefecture is Clermont-Ferrand and subprefectures are Ambert, Issoire, Riom, and Thiers.

Named after the Puy de Dôme dormant volcano, its inhabitants were called Puydedomois in French until 2005. With effect from 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois; this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.
Jernelle Oh
Jernelle Oh Yu Shi (born 3 July 1994) is a Singaporean actress and host who made her debut through the Star Search 2019 where she was one of the 12 finalists in the talent search competition. Oh is the first in her Star Search batch to have received a nomination for Star Awards for Best Actress for her role as Huang Mei Zhen in Cash On Delivery.

Star Awards for Best Actress
The Star Awards for Best Actress is an award presented annually at the Star Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1994.

The category was introduced in 1995, at the 2nd Star Awards ceremony; Fann Wong received the award for her role in Chronicle of Life and it is given in honour of a Mediacorp actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. The nominees are determined by a team of judges employed by Mediacorp; winners are selected by a majority vote from the entire judging panel.

Since its inception, the award has been given to 15 actresses. Jessica Hsuan is the most recent winner in this category for her role in Kill Sera Sera. Since the ceremony held in 2024, Huang remains as the only actress to win in this category five times, surpassing Zoe Tay who has four wins. Tay has also been nominated on 15 occasions, more than any other actress. Jesseca Liu is currently the actresses who have the most nominations without a win, with six.