hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Differential dynamic programming
Differential dynamic programming (DDP) is an optimal control algorithm of the trajectory optimization class.  The algorithm was introduced in 1966 by Mayne and subsequently analysed in Jacobson and Mayne's eponymous book. The algorithm uses locally-quadratic models of the dynamics and cost functions, and displays quadratic convergence. It is closely related to Pantoja's step-wise Newton's method.

David Mayne
David Quinn Mayne FRS (23 April 1930 – 27 May 2024) was a South African-born British academic, engineer, teacher and author. His pioneering and lasting contribution is in the field of control systems engineering. His research interests centred on optimization and optimization-based design, nonlinear control, control of constrained systems, model predictive control and adaptive control.
Hard Times Come Again No More
"Hard Times Come Again No More" (sometimes, "Hard Times") is an American parlor song written by Stephen Foster. It was published in New York City by Firth, Pond & Co. in 1854 as Foster's Melodies No. 28. Well-known and popular in its day, both in the United States and Europe, the song asks the fortunate to consider the plight of the less fortunate and includes one of Foster's favorite images: "a pale drooping maiden".

The first audio recording was a wax cylinder by the Edison Manufacturing Company (Edison Gold Moulded 9120) in 1905. It has been recorded and performed numerous times since.
The song is Roud Folk Song Index #2659.

Released seven years before the American Civil War, it gained great popularity during that conflict as an expression of suffering and hardship, to the point that a satirical version about soldiers' food became widely circulated as well, "Hard Tack Come Again No More".

Mary Black
Mary Black (born 23 May 1955) is an Irish folk singer. She is well known as an interpreter of both traditional folk and modern material which has made her a major recording artist in her native Ireland.
Esther Richardson
Esther Richardson (born 1974) is a British theatre director and script editor.  She directed an adaptation of Stephen Poliakoff's Breaking the Silence, and  A Pair of Pinters. In 2016, she was appointed the artistic director of Pilot Theatre.

Stephen Poliakoff
Stephen Poliakoff (born 1 December 1952) is a British playwright, director and screenwriter. In 2006 Gerard Gilbert of The Independent described him as the UK's "pre-eminent TV dramatist" and that he had "inherited Dennis Potter's crown".
Hasan Dar
Hasan Ahmed Dar (born 18 July 1989) is a Pakistani cricketer who has played for several Lahore-based teams in Pakistani domestic cricket. He is a right-arm pace bowler and is the son of field hockey player Tauqeer Dar

Hasan made his first-class debut in February 2009, playing for Lahore Ravi in the 2008–09 Quaid-i-Azam Trophy. He switched to Lahore Shalimar the following season, and took 16 wickets from five games for the team, including 7/53 against Habib Bank. Hasan also played two limited-overs games for the Lahore Eagles later in the season. In January 2010, he represented the Pakistan under-21s in the cricket tournament at the 2010 South Asian Games, winning a bronze medal. Hasan took 5/43 against Abbottabad in the 2010–11 Quaid-i-Azam Trophy, and 6/67 against Hyderabad the following season. He returned to Lahore Ravi for the 2013–14 season, and when that team was abolished switched to the Lahore Lions for the 2014–15 season.

Habib Bank Limited cricket team
The Habib Bank Limited cricket team was a first-class cricket side, sponsored by the Habib Bank Limited, who competed as a departmental team in Pakistan domestic cricket from 1975 to 1976 season.

Before disbandment, the bank was providing an annual budget of Rs. 100 million.
CF Briviesca
Club de Fútbol Briviesca Morato Group is a Spanish football team based in Briviesca, Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded in 1970, they play in Primera Regional – Group A, holding home matches at Campo Municipal Diego Dávila Álvarez, with a capacity of 1,500 people.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Castile and León
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Community of Castile and León:

Primera División Regional Aficionados (Level 6)

Primera División Provincial Aficionados (Level 7)

Segunda División Provincial Aficionados (Level 8)

Tercera División Provincial Aficionados (Level 9)
Class 95 (radio station)
Class 95 is an English-language radio station in Singapore. Owned by the state-owned broadcaster Mediacorp, it broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format. The station launched on 1 April 1990.

In a 2022 survey, Nielsen ranked Class 95 as Singapore's highest-rated English-language radio station, and third-highest-rated station overall, with an average audience of 877,000 listeners.

Nielsen Holdings
Nielsen Holdings plc (or simply Nielsen) is an American media audience measurement firm. Nielsen operates in over 100 countries and employs approximately 15,000 people worldwide.

For most of its history, the company was known for its two subsidiaries, Nielsen Media Research, which was responsible for TV ratings, and AC Nielsen, which was responsible for consumer shopping trends and box-office data. Nielsen Media Research later evolved into Global Media division and the AC Nielsen later evolved into Global Connect division. The company later decided to retain its Global Media division and divested the Global Connect division (NielsenIQ, the former AC Nielsen) to private equity firm Advent International in March 2021.

The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and used to be a component of the S&P 500.
Priapeia
The Priapeia (or Carmina Priapea) is a collection of eighty anonymous short Latin poems in various meters on subjects pertaining to the phallic god Priapus. They are believed to date from the 1st century AD or the beginning of the 2nd century. A traditional theory about their origin is that they are an anthology of poems written by various authors on the same subject. However, it has recently been argued that the 80 poems are in fact the work of a single author, presenting a kind of biography of Priapus from his vigorous youth to his impotence in old age.

Petronius
Gaius Petronius Arbiter (/pɪˈtroʊniəs/; Classical Latin: [ˈɡaː.i.ʊs pɛˈt̪roː.ni.ʊˈs ar.bɪ.t̪ɛr]; c. 27 – c. 66 AD; sometimes Titus Petronius Niger) was a Roman courtier during the reign of Nero (r. 54–68). He is generally believed to be the author of the Satyricon, a satirical novel believed to have been written during the Neronian era. He is one of the most important characters in Henryk Sienkiewicz' historical novel Quo Vadis (1895). Leo Genn portrays him in the 1951 film of the same name.
The Days and Nights of BeeBee Fenstermaker
The Days and Nights of BeeBee Fenstermaker is an American play by William Snyder. The work premiered Off-Broadway at the Sheridan Square Playhouse on September 17, 1962, closing on June 9, 1963 after 304 performances.

The production was directed by Ulu Grosbard and used set and lighting designs by Robin Wagner. The production starred Rose Gregorio as Beebee, Ann Wedgeworth as Nettie-Jo Repult, Mary Farrell as Melinda, Kate Harrington as Virginia, Virgilia Chew as Betty, Monroe Arnold as Interviewer, Stanley Beck as Ed Busby, and Robert Duvall as Bob Smith. Garnering critical praise, the play was later adapted by Snyder into two television films, one in English for British ATV drama with Patricia Neal as BeeBee, and one in German for German television with Loni von Friedl in the title role.

Ann Wedgeworth
Elizabeth Ann Wedgeworth (January 21, 1934 – November 16, 2017) was an American character actress, known for her roles as Lana Shields in Three's Company, Hilda Hensley in Sweet Dreams, and Merleen Elldridge in Evening Shade. She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for Chapter Two (1978).
Willow Reservoir
The Willow Reservoir or Willow Flowage is an artificial lake in Oneida County, Wisconsin formed by a dam on the Tomahawk River. The dam and reservoir level are controlled by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company as part of regulating the overall flow of the upper Wisconsin River. When full, Willow Reservoir has a surface area of 6306 acres.

Other major inflows to the Willow Reservoir are the Willow River and Swampsauger Creek.

Wisconsin River
The Wisconsin River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, at approximately 430 miles (692 km) long. As a tributary of the Mississippi River, it is part of the Mississippi River System. The river's name was first recorded in 1673 by Jacques Marquette as "Meskousing" from his Indian guides - most likely Miami for "river running through a red place."

The river has been used for transportation, hunting, and fishing since prehistoric times. In the lumber industry, loggers used the upper reaches of the river and its tributaries to drive logs to their sawmills and the lower reaches to float rafts of sawn boards to markets as near as Portage and as far as St. Louis. Today, it is source of energy and tourism: dams along the river generate hydroelectric power, and people fish, boat, water-ski and sight-see on the river. It is home to many species of fish and other wildlife.
High-reeve
High-reeve (Old English: hēahgerēfa) was a title taken by some English magnates during the 10th and 11th centuries, and is particularly associated with the rulers of Bamburgh. It was not however only used by rulers of Bamburgh; many other places used the title; e.g. there was an Ordulf "High-Reeve of Dumnonia".

The first reference to a high-reeve was perhaps in the third code of Edmund I of England, where there is an official known as a summus praepositus. Alfred Smyth thought heah-gerefa was influenced by the Scottish word mormaer, the meaning of which, supposedly great steward, is possibly similar.

In the North People's Law, a high-reeve is given a wergild of four thousand thrymsas, the same as a hold and half the wergild of an ealdorman. Ann Williams believes that the High-Reeve was originally an urban official whose job was to deputise for an ealdorman, but unlike other such figures could lead provincial armies.

Thrymsa
The thrymsa (Old English: þrymsa) was a gold coin minted in seventh-century Anglo-Saxon England. It originated as a copy of Merovingian tremisses and earlier Roman coins with a high gold content. Continued debasement between the 630s and the 650s reduced the gold content in newly minted coins such that after c. 655 the percentage of gold in a new coin was less than 35%. The thrymsa ceased to be minted after about 675 and was superseded by the silver sceat.
Sarah Sorge
Sarah Sorge (born 26 August 1969 in Frankfurt) is a German politician. She is a member of Alliance 90 a member of the German green party, and has been a representative for the state parliament of Hesse since 2001. Sorge studied political science from 1989 to 1997 at the University of Frankfurt. She has been a member of Alliance '90/The Greens since 1993, and was an active member of the Green Youth.

Alliance 90
Alliance 90 (German: Bündnis 90) was a political alliance of three non-communist political groups in East Germany. It was formed in February 1990 by the New Forum, Democracy Now and the Initiative for Peace and Human Rights. It received 2.9% of the vote in the 1990 Volkskammer elections. For the first all-German federal election it formed a joint list with the East German Green Party. It was this coalition that merged with the West German Green Party in 1993 to form Alliance 90/The Greens.
Mako Komao
Mako Komao (駒尾 真子, Komao Mako; born March 16, 1982) is a Japanese author of several light novel adaptations of manga, anime and visual novel series. This includes a single novel adaptation of Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl, a manga originally written by Satoru Akahori and illustrated by Yukimaru Katsura. Komao also wrote five light novels based on the Gift visual novel and wrote the original concept for the manga series the First Love Sisters.

Yukimaru Katsura
Yukimaru Katsura (桂 遊生丸, Katsura Yukimaru; born February 17) is a Japanese manga artist. Most of her works are based on stories from other media, notably video games. She usually draws girls round-faced, and tends to use warm color tones.
Keith Fitzhugh
Keith Callay Fitzhugh (born November 11, 1986) is an American former football safety who briefly was in the National Football League. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Mississippi State.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
1890–91 County Antrim Shield
The 1890–91 County Antrim Shield was the 3rd edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Irish football.

Black Watch (a British Army football team) won the tournament for the 1st time, defeating Oldpark 4–2 in the final.

County Antrim Shield
The County Antrim & District Football Association Senior Shield (more commonly known as the County Antrim Shield) is a football competition in Northern Ireland. The competition is open to senior teams who are members of the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association) (membership of which extends geographically beyond County Antrim itself), often plus intermediate teams who qualify via the Steel & Sons Cup, depending on the numbers required. For the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, only the winners took part.

The current Shield holders are Carrick Rangers, who beat Cliftonville 4-2 on penalties in the 2025–26 final, winning the trophy for the first time since the 1992–93 season.
Surge tank
A surge tank (or surge drum or surge pool) is a standpipe or storage reservoir at the downstream end of a closed aqueduct, feeder pipe, or dam to absorb sudden rises of pressure, as well as to quickly provide extra water during a brief drop in pressure.

In mining technology, ore pulp pumps use a relatively small surge tank to maintain a steady loading on the pump.

For hydroelectric power uses, a surge tank is an additional storage space or reservoir fitted between the main storage reservoir and the powerhouse (as close to the powerhouse as possible). Surge tanks are usually provided in high or medium-head plants when there is a considerable distance between the water source and the power unit, necessitating a long penstock.
The main functions of the surge tank are:

When the load decreases, the water moves backward and gets stored in it.

When the load increases, the additional supply of water will be provided by a surge tank.Isawa II power station surge tank

Hydraulic head
Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a measurement related to liquid pressure (normalized by specific weight) and the liquid elevation above a vertical datum.
It is usually measured as an equivalent liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a specialized water well), and given information of the piezometer's elevation and screen depth. Hydraulic head can similarly be measured in a column of water using a standpipe piezometer by measuring the height of the water surface in the tube relative to a common datum. The hydraulic head can be used to determine a hydraulic gradient between two or more points.
Spain–United Kingdom relations
Spain and the United Kingdom maintain bilateral international relations. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and NATO. Spain is a European Union member and the United Kingdom is a former European Union member.

Potential re-accession of the United Kingdom to the European Union
Following a 2016 referendum, the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union at the end of January 2020. Since leaving the EU, numerous polling organisations have conducted surveys to gauge public opinion on rejoining the organisation. The trend of the poll data shows that, over time, support for Brexit has waned, while public opinion in the UK has gradually moved in favour of rejoining the EU (totally or partially, such as joining the European single market).
Unakkaga Piranthen
Unakkaga Piranthen (transl. I was born for you) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film, written and directed by Balu Anand, and produced by Vivekananda Pictures. The film stars Prashanth and Mohini. It was released on 16 May 1992.

Vivekananda Pictures
Vivekananda Pictures is an Indian film production and distribution company, based at Chennai, India. The production company was established in 1977 by its founder, Tiruppur Mani. He produced around thirty movies under his banner . After a hiatus it produced the blockbuster movie Kaithi under Tiruppur Vivek who is now at the heilm of the Company All their films had Sivakumar and Sathyaraj as lead actor.
Bruckins
Bruckins, also spelled brukins, is a Jamaican dance performed primarily to celebrate Emancipation Day.

A dance, whose music has both European and African elements, Bruckins is a "stately, dipping-gliding" dance, and may be derived from the Pavane.

Bruckins is accompanied by an elaborate pageant, in which participants dress as European royalty and/or members of the royal court (courtiers, pages, soldiers, etc.).

Sabine Sörgel has said that the first Bruckins was celebrated in 1834, after the formal abolition of slavery; however, Olive Lewin states that the first Bruckins was only in 1839, after the elimination of the "apprenticeship" system.

Emancipation Day
Emancipation Day is observed in many former European colonies in the West Indies and parts of the United States on various dates to commemorate the emancipation of slaves of African descent.

In much of the former British West Indies, Emancipation Day is usually marked on 1 August, commemorating the anniversary of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 coming into force on 1 August 1834. However, in some countries, it is marked instead on the first Monday in August. The observance of a holiday in the British West Indies also became a key mobilisation tool and holiday for the antislavery movement in the United States.

Emancipation Day is also observed in other areas in regard to the abolition of other forms of involuntary servitude.
2015 Pahang FA season
The 2015 season has been Pahang FA's 12th season in the Malaysia Super League. Parang began the season on 31 January 2015, with the opening game of their Malaysia Super League campaign. They also competed in the three domestic cups: the Malaysia FA Cup, the Malaysia Cup and the Malaysia Charity Shield.

2015 Malaysia Cup
The 2015 Malaysia Cup (Malay: Piala Malaysia 2015) was the 89th edition of Malaysia Cup tournament organised by the Football Association of Malaysia.

The 2015 Malaysia Cup began on August with a preliminary round. A total of 16 teams took part in the competition. The teams were divided into four groups, each containing four teams. The group leaders and runners-up teams in the groups after six matches qualified to the quarterfinals.

Pahang were the defending champions, having beaten Johor Darul Takzim on a penalty shootout 5–3 in last season's final, but they were eliminated by the eventual winner, Selangor, in the semi-finals. Selangor won the trophy after beating Kedah 2–0.

This edition also marked the last appearance of LionsXII in this competition.
Heritage College Cooranbong
Heritage College Lake Macquarie (est. 1997) is a Christadelphian K–12 school located at Morisset, New South Wales, Australia.

Heritage College Lake Macquarie is one of five Christadelphian Heritage Colleges in Australia; the other four are located in Perth, Adelaide, Melbourne and  Sydney.

The school motto is "To Know Wisdom and Instruction", which is taken from the Book of Proverbs 1:2.

The school was established in 1997 in a leased site in Cooranbong. In 2013 the new site in Morisset was opened and the school has steadily grown in size since then.

Morisset, New South Wales
Morisset (/mɔːrɪˈsɛt/ mo-ree-Set;) is a commercial centre and suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie local government area in the Hunter region in New South Wales, Australia. Morisset is a part of the Greater Newcastle area, it is located west of the lake of Lake Macquarie just off the M1 Pacific Motorway. It is also located approximately halfway between Gosford and the Newcastle CBD. The count at the 2021 census was 4,078 for the gazetted suburb of Morisset. The estimated urban population of the Morisset area, including Cooranbong, was 27,828 as at the 2021 census.
Saint-Floris
Saint-Floris (West Flemish: Sint-Floris) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 9 miles (14 km) north of Béthune and 30 miles (48 km) west of Lille. The canalized river Lys flows through the commune, forming part of the border with the department of Nord.

West Flemish
West Flemish (West-Vlams or West-Vloams or Vlaemsch (in French Flanders), Dutch: West-Vlaams, French: flamand occidental) is a collection of Low Franconian varieties spoken in western Belgium and the neighbouring areas of France and the Netherlands.

West Flemish is spoken by about a million people in the Belgian province of West Flanders, and a further 50,000 in the neighbouring Dutch coastal district of Zeelandic Flanders (200,000 if including the closely related dialects of Zeelandic) and 10–20,000 in the northern part of the French department of Nord. Some of the main cities where West Flemish is widely spoken are Bruges, Kortrijk, Ostend, Roeselare and Ypres in Belgium and Hazebrouck, Cassel, Halluin, and Bailleul in France.

West Flemish is listed as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO's online Red Book of Endangered Languages.
Judiciary of Serbia
The judiciary of Serbia (Serbian: правосуђе Србије, romanized: pravosuđe Srbije) is a branch of the government of Serbia that interprets and applies the laws of Serbia, ensuring equal justice under law, and providing a mechanism for dispute resolution. The legal system of Serbia is a civil law system, historically influenced by Germanic and, to a lesser degree, French law, as well as Yugoslav law, but in the process of the accession of Serbia to the European Union, the legal system is being completely harmonised with European Union law. The Constitution of Serbia provides for an independent judiciary, led by the Supreme Court. The Ministry of Justice handles the administration of judiciary, including paying salaries and constructing new courthouses, as well as administering the prison system.

Equal justice under law
Equal justice under law is a phrase engraved on the West Pediment, above the front entrance of the United States Supreme Court building in Washington D.C.  It is also a societal ideal that has influenced the American legal system.

The phrase was proposed by the building's architects, and then approved by judges of the Court in 1932.  It is based upon Fourteenth Amendment jurisprudence, and has historical antecedents dating back to ancient Greece.