hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Co-pay card
The co-pay card (also called a copay card or copay coupon) is a form of manufacturer-sponsored copay assistance that reduces a patient’s cost-sharing (e.g., copayments, coinsurance, or deductibles) for certain prescription drugs at the point of sale. These programs are most commonly offered for brand-name drugs, often specialty drugs, and typically apply to people with commercial health insurance. Program details and eligibility rules vary by manufacturer and by drug. As of January 2017, in the United States, coupon cards for more than 600 prescription medications are available.

Based on the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs standard, all pharmacy software systems contain information fields for both a primary and secondary insurer to pay for patient's prescription.

Prescription drug
A prescription drug (also prescription medication, prescription medicine or prescription-only medication) is a pharmaceutical drug that is permitted to be dispensed only to those with a medical prescription. In contrast, over-the-counter drugs can be obtained without a prescription. The reason for this difference in substance control is the potential scope of misuse, from drug abuse to practising medicine without a license and without sufficient education. Different jurisdictions have different definitions of what constitutes a prescription drug.

In North America, ℞, usually printed as "Rx", is used as an abbreviation of the word "prescription". It is a contraction of the Latin word "recipe" (an imperative form of "recipere") meaning "take". Prescription drugs are often dispensed together with a monograph (in Europe, a Patient Information Leaflet or PIL) that gives detailed information about the drug.

The use of prescription drugs has been increasing since the 1960s.
Fritz and Friederike
Fritz and Friederike (German: Fritz und Friederike) is a 1952 West German comedy film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Liselotte Pulver, Albert Lieven, and Margarete Haagen. It was made at the Wiesbaden Studios in Hesse. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Heinrich Beisenherz and Alfred Bütow.

Liselotte Pulver
Liselotte Pulver (born 11 October 1929), sometimes credited as Lilo Pulver, is a Swiss actress. She was one of the biggest stars of German cinema in the 1950s and 1960s, where she often was cast as a tomboy. She is known for her hearty and joyful laughter. Her films outside of German cinema include A Time to Love and a Time to Die (1958), One, Two, Three (1961) and The Nun (1966).
William Almer
William Almer (fl. 1572) of Pant Iocyn, Denbighshire, was a Welsh politician.

Almer was the eldest son of the MP, Edward Almer of Gresford, Denbighshire. He succeeded his father after 1574, inheriting Pant Iocyn (Pant-yr-Ochain) house at Almer, between Gresford and Wrexham.

Gresford
Gresford (/ˈɡrɛsfərd/; Welsh: Gresffordd Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡrɛsfɔrð]) is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales.

According to the 2001 Census, the population of the community, which also includes the village of Marford, was 5,334, reducing to 5,010 at the 2011 census.

The Grade I listed All Saints' Church, Gresford has been described as the finest parish church in Wales, and has the most surviving medieval stained glass of any Welsh church.  Its bells are one of the traditional Seven Wonders of Wales.

The former Gresford Colliery was the site of the Gresford disaster, one of Britain's worst coal mining disasters, when 266 men died in an underground explosion on 22 September 1934.
Massacre of Mullaghmast
The massacre of Mullaghmast (Irish: ár Mhullach maistean) was the mass killing of between 100 and 400 members of the Gaelic nobility of Ireland by English forces under the command of Sir Henry Sidney in Mullaghmast, County Kildare in either late 1577 or 1 January 1578. There is limited surviving documentation on the massacre, although documents have recently been made available at the National Library of Ireland.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
2007–08 Montenegrin Cup
The 2007–08 Montenegrin Cup was the second season of the Montenegrin knockout football tournament. The winner of the tournament received a berth in the first qualifying round of the 2008–09 UEFA Cup. The defending champions were Rudar, who beat Sutjeska in the final of the 2006–07 competition. The competition featured 30 teams. It started on 2 October 2007 and ended with the final on 7 May 2008.

FK Rudar Pljevlja
FK Rudar Pljevlja, commonly known as Rudar Pljevlja or simply Rudar, is a football club based in Pljevlja, Montenegro. It currently plays in the Montenegrin Second League, the country's second tier.

Rudar have played in the First League since its inception in 2006, and won two league titles in 2009–10 and 2014–15. The club have been the strongest in the Montenegrin Cup, with three triumphs, one runner-up position and two semi-final finishes in the tournament's six seasons.
Minnesota State Highway 310
Trunk Highway 310 (MN 310) is a highway in northwest Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with MN 11 and MN 89 in Roseau and continues north to its northern terminus at the Canadian border; where the route becomes Manitoba Provincial Road 310 (PR 310) upon crossing the border, near the community of South Junction, Manitoba. The highway is 10.5 miles (16.9 km) in length.

South Junction, Manitoba
South Junction is a community in southeastern Manitoba in the Rural Municipality of Piney. It is approximately 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Winnipeg near the Canada–United States border. The Roseau–South Junction Border Crossing is located south of the community.
Tish Murtha
Patricia Anne Murtha (14 March 1956 – 13 March 2013) was a British social documentary photographer best known for documenting marginalised communities, social realism and working class life in Newcastle upon Tyne and the North East of England.

The posthumously published books of her work are Youth Unemployment (2017), Elswick Kids (2018) and Juvenile Jazz Bands (2020).

The Photographers' Gallery
The Photographers' Gallery was founded in London by Sue Davies opening on 14 January 1971, as the first public gallery in the United Kingdom devoted solely to photography.

It is also home to the Deutsche Börse Photography Prize, established in 1996 to identify and reward photographic talent and innovation, and the Bar-Tur Photobook Award.
Gu (vessel)
A gu is a type of ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel from the Shang and Zhou dynasties (1600–256 BC). It was used to drink wine or to offer ritual libations.

A gu is tall and slender, with a slightly flared base that tapers to a slim center section before widening again into a trumpet-like mouth, wider than the base. Its surface is often decorated with taotie.

Erlitou culture
34°41′35″N 112°41′20″E﻿ / ﻿34.693°N 112.689°E﻿ / 34.693; 112.689

The Erlitou culture (Chinese: 二里頭; pinyin: Èrlǐtóu) was an early Bronze Age society and archaeological culture. It existed in the Yellow River valley from approximately 1900 to 1500 BC. A 2007 study using radiocarbon dating proposed a narrower date range of 1750–1530 BC. The culture is named after Erlitou, an archaeological site in Yanshi, Henan. It was widely spread throughout Henan and Shanxi and later appeared in Shaanxi and Hubei. Most archaeologists consider Erlitou the first state-level society in China. Chinese archaeologists generally identify the Erlitou culture as the site of the Xia dynasty, but there is no firm evidence, such as surviving written records, to substantiate such a linkage, as the earliest evidence of Chinese writing dates to the Late Shang period.
Bertling
Bertling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include

Anthonij Ewoud Jan Bertling (1860–1945), Dutch politician

Berit Bertling (born 1966), Norwegian novelist

Karin Bertling (born 1937), Swedish actress

Lina Bertling Tjernberg (née Bertling, born 1973), Swedish electrical engineer

Lina Bertling Tjernberg
Lina Bertling Tjernberg (formerly Lina Margarita Bertling; born 1973) is a Swedish electrical engineer, a professor in the Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and deputy head of the institute's School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Her research concerns the reliability, maintenance, and asset management of power infrastructure over its lifetime.
SS Florian
SS Florian was an Ellerman Lines cargo steamship that was launched in 1940 and completed that year. A U-boat sank her with all hands in 1941 in the Battle of the Atlantic.

This was the first Ellerman Lines ship called Florian. The second was a motor ship that was built in 1955, sold in 1971 and renamed Maldive Loyalty, and scrapped in 1982.

Motor ship
A motor ship or motor vessel is a ship that is propelled by an internal combustion engine, usually a diesel engine. The names of motor ships are often prefixed with MS, M/S, MV or M/V.

Engines for motorships were developed during the 1890s, and by the early 20th century, motorships began to cross the waters.
Olga Vasiljonok
Olga Vasiljonok (born 17 May 1980) is a Belarusian cross-country skier who has been competing since 2000. She finished sixth in the team sprint at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 in Sapporo and earned her best individual finish of 17th in the individual sprint event at the 2009 championships in Liberec.

Vasiljonok's best individual finish at the Winter Olympics was 25th in the sprint at Turin in 2006.

She won three individual bronze medals in the 2007 Winter Universiade (Sprint, 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit, 30 km). Vasiljonok's best individual World Cup finish was 11th in a sprint event in Germany in 2004.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 took place 22 February – 4 March 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. It was the second time this city has hosted these championships, having previously done so in the 1972 Winter Olympics.  Sapporo was selected as venue by vote at the 43rd FIS World Congress in Portorož, Slovenia, on 6 June 2002. It also marked the third time the championships were hosted outside Europe in a year that did not coincide with the Winter Olympics; it was the first championship held in Asia. The ski jumping team normal hill event was not held, as it had been in 2005.
Mary Sexton
Mary Sexton is a Canadian film and television producer, who is partnered with Edward Riche in Rink Rat Productions and with Mary Walsh in 2M Innovative.

She is best known for her 2001 National Film Board documentary Tommy: A Family Portrait, about her brother, comedian Tommy Sexton. Co-directed with Sexton's husband, Nigel Markham, the film received the 2002 Gemini Award for Best History/Biography Documentary program.

Her credits also include the television series Dooley Gardens and Hatching, Matching and Dispatching, and the theatrical films Violet, How to Be Deadly and Maudie. She was also the regional producer in Atlantic Canada for Canadian Idol.

Mary Sexton is a board member of the Canadian Film and Television Producers Association and the president of the Film Producers Association of Newfoundland.

Her son Nik Sexton is a filmmaker best known for the films How to Be Deadly and Skeet.

Dooley Gardens
Dooley Gardens is a Canadian television sitcom, which aired on CBC Television in 1999.

The series was set in a hockey rink in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, inherited by Skye Dooley (Nicole de Boer) after the death of her father. The show's cast also included Mary Walsh as canteen operator Marilyn Benoit, Andy Jones as manager Eddie Hawco, Andrew Younghusband as the possibly-crazy zamboni driver Tracy, and Ron Hynes as Johnny Shea. Younghusband and Edward Riche were the show's writers.

The show's pilot aired on CBC Television in October 1997, and the regular series had a six-episode run beginning on March 3, 1999.

Danielle House made a guest appearance on the series as Wanda, Tracy's ex-girlfriend.

At the 14th Gemini Awards, Giles Walker was shortlisted for Best Direction in a Comedy Program or Series for the episode "The Wedding".
Cain bairns
Cain bairns or kain bairns were infants who, according to Scottish superstition, were seized by warlocks and witches, and paid as a tax or tithe to the Devil. Càin is a Gaelic word for a tribute, tax or tithe, and is the origin of the Lowland Scots term "kane", while "bairn" means a child.

The word was in use along the Scottish Borders, according to Walter Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border.

It is unconnected with Cain in the Bible.

Cain
Cain is a biblical figure in the Book of Genesis within Abrahamic religions. He is the elder brother of Abel, and the firstborn son of Adam and Eve, the first couple within the Bible. He was a farmer who gave an offering of his crops to God. However, God was not pleased and favored Abel's offering over Cain's. Out of jealousy, Cain killed his brother, for which he was punished by God with the curse and mark of Cain. He had several descendants, starting with his son Enoch and including Lamech.

The narrative is notably unclear on God's reason for rejecting Cain's sacrifice. Some traditional interpretations within Abrahamic religions consider Cain to be the originator of evil, violence, or greed.
Michał Górski
Michał Jan Górski (15 September 1911 – 19 March 1985) was a Polish cross-country skier who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics. His civil profession was an engineer and architect.

He was born and died in Zakopane.

In 1936 he was a member of the Polish cross-country relay team which finished seventh in the 4x10 km relay event. In the 18 km competition he finished 22nd.

Cross-country skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics – Men's 18 kilometre
The 18 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event. The competition was held on Wednesday, 12 February 1936. Seventy-five cross-country skiers from 22 nations competed.
Jingpho–Luish languages
The Jingpho-Luish, Jingpho-Asakian, Kachin–Luic, or Kachinic languages are a group of Sino-Tibetan languages belonging to the Sal branch. They are spoken in northeastern India, Bangladesh and Myanmar, and consist of the Jingpho (also known as Kachin) language and the Luish (a.k.a. Asakian) languages Sak, Kadu, Ganan, Andro, Sengmai, and Chairel. Ethnologue and Glottolog include the extinct or nearly extinct Taman language in the Jingpo branch, but Huziwara (2016) considers it to be unclassified within Tibeto-Burman.

James Matisoff (2013) provides phonological and lexical evidence in support of the Jingpho-Asakian (Jingpho–Luish) grouping, dividing it into two subgroups, namely Jingphoic and Asakian. Proto-Luish has been reconstructed by Huziwara (2012) and Matisoff (2013).

Jingpho–Luish languages contain many sesquisyllables.

Glottolog
Glottolog is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials (grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-date language affiliations based on the work of expert linguists.

Glottolog was first developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and between 2015 and 2020 at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena, Germany. Its main curators include Harald Hammarström and Martin Haspelmath.
Roswell Railroad
The Roswell Railroad was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad that ran from south of Roswell, Georgia to Chamblee from 1881 until 1921, after which the tracks were removed. The railroad served as a passenger and freight carrier.

3 ft gauge railways
Three foot gauge railways have a track gauge of 3 ft (914 mm) or 1 yard. This gauge is a narrow gauge and is generally found throughout North, Central, and South America. In Ireland, many secondary and industrial lines were built to 3 ft gauge, and it is the dominant gauge on the Isle of Man, where it is known as the Manx Standard Gauge. Modern 3 ft gauge railways are most commonly found in isolated mountainous areas, on small islands, or in large-scale amusement parks and theme parks (see table below). This gauge is also popular in model railroading (particularly in G scale), and model prototypes of these railways have been made by several model train brands around the world, such as Accucraft Trains (US), Aristo-Craft Trains (US), Bachmann Industries (Hong Kong), Delton Locomotive Works (US), LGB (Germany), and PIKO (Germany).
Osteomeles
Osteomeles is a genus of plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. They are shrubs native to eastern Asia, with compound leaves, opposite leaf arrangement, and small pome fruit. The fruits of all species in this genus are edible.

Pome
In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae. Pomes consist of a central 'core' containing multiple small seeds, which is enveloped by a tough membrane and surrounded by an edible layer of flesh. Pome fruit trees are deciduous, and undergo a dormant winter period that requires cold temperatures to break dormancy in spring. Well-known pomes include the apple, pear, and quince.
1996–97 Belarusian Cup
The 1996–97 Belarusian Cup was the sixth season of the annual Belarusian football cup competition. Contrary to the league season, it has been conducted in a fall-spring rhythm. It began on 20 July 1996 with the first of five rounds and ended on 25 May 1997 with the final at the Dinamo Stadium in Minsk.

FC MPKC Mozyr were the defending champions, having defeated FC Dinamo Minsk in the 1996 final, but were knocked out in the second round by one of the eventual finalists FC Dinamo-93 Minsk, the eventual runners-up.

FC Belshina Bobruisk won the final against FC Dinamo-93 Minsk to win their first title.

FC Dinamo Minsk
FC Dinamo Minsk or FK Dynama Minsk (Belarusian: ФК Дынама Мінск; Russian: ФК Динамо Минск) is a Belarusian professional football club based in the capital city of Minsk.

It was founded in 1927 as part of the Soviet Dinamo Sports Society, and was the only club from the Byelorussian SSR that competed in the Soviet Top League, playing 39 of the 54 seasons, and winning the title in 1982. Since the independence of Belarus, the club participates in the Belarusian Premier League, having won 9 league titles and 3 Belarusian Cups.

Dinamo plays its home games in the 22,246-capacity Dinamo Stadium in Minsk. Dinamo is the second Belarusian team, after BATE Borisov, to reach UEFA Europa League group stages (2014–15 and 2015–16).
Hathway (surname)
Hathway is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Hathway (1906–1977), American writer

Kevin Hathway, British classical percussionist and educator

Reginald Hathway (1907–?), Welsh rugby union and rugby league footballer

Ted Hathway, English footballer

Alan Hathway
Alan Bonnell Hathway (May 22, 1906 – April 15, 1977) was an editor at Newsday, a daily newspaper for the Long Island suburbs of New York City, from the early 1940s until 1970. He began as city editor, then became managing editor and eventually executive editor. He was often characterized as an old-style newspaperman, similar to those in the play The Front Page.

In the 1930s and 1940s, Hathway was also a pulp fiction writer. He wrote several Doc Savage novels under the pseudonym Kenneth Robeson in the early 1940s.

During Hathway's tenure as Managing Editor at Newsday, the future Pulitzer prize-winning author Robert Caro worked in his newsroom. In his memoir, Caro credited Hathway for being a major positive influence on his research practice, particularly for his advice to “Turn every page. Never assume anything. Turn every goddam page.”
Alex Sogard
Alexander Kyle Sogard (born July 25, 1987) is an American baseball coach and former pitcher who is the current head baseball coach of the Wright State Raiders. He played college baseball at Oregon State from 2006 to 2007 before transferring to NC State where he played for coach Elliott Avent from 2008 to 2010 before playing professionally for 6 seasons from 2010 to 2015.

NC State Wolfpack baseball
The NC State Wolfpack baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball program of North Carolina State University, based in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. The team has been a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference since the conference's founding in the 1954 season. The program's home venue is Doak Field, which opened in 1966.  Elliott Avent has been the head coach of the team since prior to the 1997 season.  As of the end of 2024 world series  the Wolfpack have appeared in four College World Series and 34 NCAA tournaments. They have won four ACC tournament Championships and four ACC Regular season Championships. As of the 2021 Major League Baseball season, 47 former Wolfpack players have played in Major League Baseball.
Kothagudem Assembly constituency
Kothagudem Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of constituencies in Bhadradri Kothagudem district. It includes the towns of Kothagudem and Palwancha and part of Khammam Lok Sabha constituency.

Jalagam Venkat Rao is representing this constituency for the second time. He was elected as his opposition candidate Vanama Venkateshwar Rao from Congress party filed a false affidavit report in the 2018 TS assembly elections. As a result, Jalagam Venkat Rao filed a case in the High court and won it in 2023. As a result, the High court declared Jalagam Venkat Rao as a MLA from this constituency in 2023, just five months before the TS assembly elections.

Telangana Legislative Assembly
The Telangana Legislative Assembly (ISO: Telangāṇa Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the Telangana Legislature. The Legislative Assembly of Telangana currently consists of 119 elected members.

The members of the Vidhana Sabha are directly elected by people through adult franchise. Each constituency elects one member of the assembly. Members are popularly known as M.L.A.s. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
Marks' Mills Battleground State Park
Marks' Mills Battleground State Park is an Arkansas State Park located at the junction of Arkansas Highway 8 and Arkansas Highway 97, north of New Edinburg, Arkansas. It preserves a portion of the battlefield of the Battle of Marks' Mills fought on April 25, 1864, in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of American Civil War. The battle was part of the Camden Expedition. The park is one of nine historic sites that make up the Camden Expedition Sites, a National Historic Landmark District. The battle was most known for the slaughter of black Union soldiers that were murdered as they tried to surrender.

Camden Expedition
The Camden Expedition (March 23 – May 3, 1864) was the final campaign conducted by the Union Army in south Arkansas during the Civil War. The offensive was designed to cooperate with Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks' movement against Shreveport.