hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durham University Business School
Durham University Business School (DUBS) is the business school of Durham University, a collegiate public research university in Durham, England. The school holds triple accreditation from AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS. Following a 1963 report on management education by Lord Franks, the school began teaching in 1965, making it one of the oldest business schools in the UK alongside Alliance Manchester Business School. The school contains the departments of accounting, economics, finance, and management and marketing, as well as twelve research centres.

Oliver Franks, Baron Franks
Oliver Shewell Franks, Baron Franks, OM, GCMG, KCB, CBE, PC, DL (16 February 1905 – 15 October 1992), was an English civil servant and philosopher who has been described as 'one of the founders of the postwar world'.

Franks was involved in Britain's recovery after the Second World War. Knighted in 1946, he was the British Ambassador to the United States of America from 1948 to 1952, during which time he strengthened the relationship between the two countries. He was awarded a life peerage on 10 May 1962, the year in which he became Provost of Worcester College, Oxford.

Lord Franks was often called upon by the government of the day to chair important inquiries, and he is best known for his report in the aftermath of the Falklands War which ultimately exonerated the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her government from charges of having failed to heed warning signals of an Argentine invasion.
Mycena subcaerulea
Mycena subcaerulea is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Mycenaceae. It produces small, thin-fleshed fruitbodies with pale bluish-green caps upon slender stipes. The centers of the caps are darker in colour than the margins, and the cap cuticle can be peeled off. The fungus was first described in 1873 as Agaricus subcaeruleus by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck. His original collections, found growing on the trunks of decaying beech trees, were made in woods of the Adirondack Mountains in Upstate New York. Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred the species to the genus Mycena in 1887.

Pileipellis
The pileipellis is the uppermost layer of hyphae in the pileus of a fungal fruit body. It covers the trama, the fleshy tissue of the fruit body. The pileipellis is more or less synonymous with the cuticle, but the cuticle generally describes this layer as a macroscopic feature, while pileipellis refers to this structure as a microscopic layer. Pileipellis type is an important character in the identification of fungi. Pileipellis types include the cutis, trichoderm, epithelium, and hymeniderm types.
2021 British Champions Series
The 2021 British Champions Series, sponsored by QIPCO, was the 11th edition of the horse racing series comprising 35 of the UK's top flat races.

The series began with the 2,000 Guineas at Newmarket on 1 May, and ended on British Champions Day at Ascot on 16 October.

Qatar Investment & Projects Development Holding Company
Qatar Investment & Projects Development Holding Company (QIPCO) is a prominent Qatari shareholding company based in Doha, which through its subsidiaries, maintains a focus on financial and real estate markets.
Tears of a Tiger
Tears of a Tiger is a young adult novel written by Sharon Draper. It was first published by Atheneum in 1994, and later on February 1, 1996 by Simon Pulse, and is the first book of the Hazelwood High Trilogy. It depicts the story of a seventeen-year-old African American boy named Andrew "Andy" Jackson, who feels deeply guilty for inadvertently causing his best friend Robert "Rob" Washington's death through drunk driving. The story is told through multiple different formats such as journal entries, first person narratives, and newspaper articles.

Atheneum Books
Atheneum Books is a New York City publishing house established in 1959 by Alfred A. Knopf Jr., Simon Michael Bessie and Hiram Haydn. Simon & Schuster has owned Atheneum properties since 1994, and it created Atheneum Books for Young Readers as an imprint for children's literature in the 2000s.
9th Minnesota Legislature
The ninth Minnesota Legislature first convened on January 8, 1867. The 22 members of the Minnesota Senate and the 47 members of the Minnesota House of Representatives were elected during the General Election of November 6, 1866. The Minnesota Senate, at the time, was normally elected to staggered terms, but an increase in the number of members to be elected to both houses forced a new election of all members of the Legislature.

Minnesota Legislature
The Minnesota Legislature is the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota, composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The legislature originally met at the old Territorial Capitol in Saint Paul and now convenes at the Minnesota State Capitol. The Senate consists of 67 seats, the House 134 seats and the legislators serve without term limits.

The legislature meets between January and the first Monday following the third Saturday in May each year, not to exceed 120 legislative days per biennium. Floor sessions are held in the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul.

In the 94th Legislature (2025-2026) the Democratic-Farmer-Labor (DFL) Party controls the Senate with 34 of the 67 seats and the House evenly split between the DFL and Republicans, with both parties holding 67 of the 134 seats.
Bafa (food)
Bafa is a traditional dish of the Capeverdean cuisine.

It consists of a stew that can be prepared with limpets, whelks and octopus. The octopus variant is named octopus bafa (bafa de polvo).

It can be eaten as a snack, as an entrée, or as a main dish.

Whelk
Whelks are any of several carnivorous sea snail species with a swirling, tapered shell. Many are eaten by humans, such as the common whelk of the North Atlantic. Most whelks belong to the family Buccinidae and are known as "true whelks." Others, such as the dog whelk, belong to several sea snail families that are not closely related.

True whelks (family Buccinidae) are carnivorous, and feed on annelids, crustaceans, mussels and other molluscs, drilling holes through shells to gain access to the soft tissues. Whelks use chemoreceptors to locate their prey.

Many have historically been used, or are still used, by humans and other animals as food. In a 100-gram (3+1⁄2-ounce) reference serving of whelk, there are 570 kilojoules (137 kilocalories) of food energy, 24 g of protein, 0.34 g of fat, and 8 g of carbohydrates.

Dog whelk, a predatory species, was used in antiquity to make a rich red dye that improves in color as it ages.
Dermot Carlin
Dermot Carlin is a Gaelic footballer for the Killyclogher St Mary's club and the Tyrone county team. He was a member of the squad that won the county's first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2003. In the same year he was part of the Killyclogher team which captured the Tyrone Senior Football Championship for the first time. Carlin was also part of Tyrone's 2001 All-Ireland Minor Championship winning team.

In a very competitive era in Tyrone football, Carlin fought his way back onto the first team lineup by 2007.

He also has a very rich past in underage football, having represented Omagh CBS in the MacRory Cup, reaching the final two years in a row, Dermot was the captain sharing the trophy in 2001, due to the onset of foot-and-mouth disease.
Carlin represented the University of Ulster when he was a student there.

All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The Electric Ireland All-Ireland Minor Football Championship is the premier under-17 "knockout" competition in Gaelic football played in Ireland. 2017 was the final year of the minor under 18 football championship as it was replaced by an under 17 championship following a vote at the GAA congress on 26 February 2016.

The series of games is organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association and is played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Minor Football Final being played on the third Sunday in September in Croke Park, Dublin as the curtain-raiser to the senior final.

The winners received the Tom Markham Cup, which is named in honour of former Clare figure Tom Markham.
Lwów–Warsaw school
The Lwów–Warsaw School (Polish: Szkoła Lwowsko-Warszawska) was an interdisciplinary school (mainly philosophy, logic and psychology) founded by Kazimierz Twardowski in 1895 in Lwów, Austro-Hungary (now Lviv, Ukraine).

Though its members represented a variety of disciplines, from mathematics through logic to psychology, the Lwów–Warsaw School is widely considered to have been a philosophical movement. It has produced some of the leading logicians of the twentieth century such as Jan Łukasiewicz, Stanisław Leśniewski, and Alfred Tarski, among others. Its members did not only contribute to the techniques of logic but also to various domains that belong to the philosophy of language.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Experimental phenomenology
Experimental phenomenology has been defined as the investigation of phenomenological practices and their effects. It has roots in Edmund Husserl's phenomenology.

One of the first phenomenologists to use the term experimental phenomenology was Don Ihde, who explored how intentional variations of  experiencing can affect classical perceptual illusions, such as the Necker cube.

Mindfulness meditation represents another kind of phenomenological practice, that also involves an intentional variation of one's experiencing. In this kind of practice, individuals (1) deliberately focus their attention on some aspect of present experience; and (2) do this with a particular kind of attitude (typically described as accepting and non-judgmental, and characterized by openness and curiosity).

Experimental phenomenology has also been applied to the study of contemplative practices and research on spirituality, and to the development of personalized health interventions

Don Ihde
Don Ihde (/ˈaɪdi/; January 14, 1934 – January 17, 2024) was an American philosopher of science and technology. In 1979 he wrote what is often identified as the first North American work on philosophy of technology, Technics and Praxis.

Before his retirement, Ihde was Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. In 2013 Ihde received the Golden Eurydice Award.

Ihde was the author of over twenty original books and the editor of many others. He gave numerous lectures and seminars internationally, and some of his books and articles have appeared in a dozen languages.

Ihde died on January 17, 2024, three days after his 90th birthday.
Concepción, Tucumán
Concepción is a city and the department seat of Chicligasta in Tucumán Province, Argentina. It is located 76 km south of the provincial capital and largest city San Miguel de Tucumán and has a population of 49,782 (2010 census [INDEC]). Due to its population and bustling commercial activity, the city is considered to be the second most important urban area in the province (the first one being the Greater San Miguel de Tucumán region), and the main one in southern Tucumán.

Argentina portal

Bartolomé Mitre Square.

Commercial district.

24 de Septiembre Street.

San Martín Avenue.

Courthouse (left) and local branch of the Banco Nación.

Bartolomé Mitre
Bartolomé Mitre (26 June 1821 – 19 January 1906) was an Argentine general, statesman and author. He was President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868 and the first president of unified Argentina.

Mitre is known as a versatile statesman, military man, politician, journalist, historian, writer and poet. He was a major figure in the history of Argentina during the second half of the 19th century.

He was the figure that best characterized liberalism in Argentina, but he was a moderate and flexible liberal, not dogmatic.
The Forks of Troublesome
The Forks of Troublesome, more simply The Forks, are the Left Fork and Right Fork tributaries of Troublesome Creek in what is now Knott County, Kentucky.
This was the name of the place where they met until the city of Hindman was established as the county seat in April 1884, and the name used in the Act of the Kentucky General Assembly that established Knott County.
At the time, The Forks was in Letcher County, Kentucky.

Left Fork is 6 miles (9.7 km) long, and Right Fork is 6.5 miles (10.5 km) long.

Early settlers in the area were Samuel Cornett who had a home and a watermill on Left Fork, followed by the families of Peyton M. Duke and Anderson Hays.

Letcher County, Kentucky
Letcher County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,548. Its county seat is Whitesburg. It was created in 1842 from Harlan and Perry counties, and named for Robert P. Letcher, Governor of Kentucky from 1840 to 1844.
Ajiya Abdulrahman
Ajiya Abdulrahman is a Nigerian politician. He currently serves as a member of the House of Representatives representing Abaji/Gwagwalada/Kwali/Kuje (Abuja South) constituency of FCT Abuja in the 10th National assembly.

Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)
The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) is a federal territory in central Nigeria. Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is located in this territory. The FCT was formed in 1976 from parts of the states of old Kaduna, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau states, with the bulk of land mass carved out of Niger state. The Federal Capital Territory is within the North Central region of the country. Unlike other states of Nigeria, which are headed by elected Governors, it is administered by the Federal Capital Territory Administration, headed by a minister, who is appointed by the president.
Fan Fawr
Fan Fawr (Welsh for 'great peak') is a mountain in the Fforest Fawr section of the Brecon Beacons National Park, in Powys, Wales and over 734 m (2,408 ft) high.

The summit overlooks the steep eastern face and is marked by a cairn. Unusually, the trig point on this hill does not sit at the summit but 600 m to the south-west on a subsidiary spur. The hill is drained to the west by streams flowing into the Afon Dringarth and to the east by streams draining into the Taf Fawr. The Dringarth is dammed to the west to form Ystradfellte Reservoir as is the Taf Fawr east of the hill to form Beacons Reservoir. To the north-east water flows into the Afon Tarell, a tributary of the River Usk whilst to the south the headwaters of the Afon y Waun conduct water to the Afon Hepste and eventually to the River Neath.

River Usk
The River Usk (/ʌsk/; Welsh: Afon Wysg) rises on the northern slopes of the Black Mountain (y Mynydd Du), Wales, in the westernmost part of the Brecon Beacons National Park. Initially forming the boundary between Carmarthenshire and Powys, it flows north into Usk Reservoir, then east through Sennybridge to Brecon before turning southeast to flow by Talybont-on-Usk, Crickhowell and Abergavenny, after which it takes a more southerly course.

Beyond the eponymous town of Usk, it passes the Roman legionary fortress of Caerleon to flow through the heart of the city of Newport and into the Severn Estuary at Uskmouth near the Newport Wetlands. The river is about 125 kilometres (78 miles) long and drains a basin of 1160 km2. According to the Encyclopaedia of Wales (which gives a figure of 137 km (85 mi)), the river is the longest to flow wholly within Wales.

The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal follows the Usk for most of the length of the canal.
Paul Zane Pilzer
Paul Zane Pilzer (born January 17, 1954) is an American economist, New York Times best-selling author, and social entrepreneur. He has written 13 books, the founder of six companies, and has been profiled in more than 100 publications including on the front page of The Wall Street Journal.

BenBella Books
BenBella Books is an independent publishing house based in Dallas, Texas. BenBella was founded by Glenn Yeffeth in 2001. It specializes in nonfiction books on popular culture, business, health, and nutrition, along with books on science, politics, psychology, and other topics.

BenBella Books has four imprints. The BenBella Books imprint publishes broadly in non-fiction.

The Smart Pop imprint, headed by Robb Pearlman, originally focused on essay anthologies on popular culture but now focuses more broadly on fan-friendly titles.

The BenBella Vegan imprint focuses on plant-based cookbooks and lifestyle titles.

The Matt Holt imprint, launched in 2020, focuses on business, finance, and professional development titles.
Night's on Fire
"Night's on Fire" is a song recorded by American country music artist David Nail.  It was released to radio on July 20, 2015 as the lead single to his fourth studio album Fighter.  The song was written by Jonathan Singleton and Deric Ruttan.

Deric Ruttan
Deric J. Ruttan (born January 27, 1972) is a Canadian country music singer, songwriter and record producer from Bracebridge, Ontario, Canada.  A Nashville, Tennessee resident, he has released four studio albums and has written or co-written more than 60 songs that have been recorded by other recording artists.
Simplicial volume
In the mathematical field of geometric topology, the simplicial volume (also called Gromov norm) is a measure of the topological complexity of a manifold. More generally, the simplicial norm measures the complexity of homology classes.

Given a closed and oriented manifold, one defines the simplicial norm by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains homologous to a given cycle. The simplicial volume is the simplicial norm of the fundamental class.

It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who introduced it in 1982. With William Thurston, he proved that the simplicial volume of a finite volume hyperbolic manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume.

The simplicial volume is equal to twice the Thurston norm.

Thurston also used the simplicial volume to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.

Hyperbolic volume
In the mathematical field of knot theory, the hyperbolic volume of a hyperbolic link is the volume of the link's complement with respect to its complete hyperbolic metric.  The volume is necessarily a finite real number, and is a topological invariant of the link. As a link invariant, it was first studied by William Thurston in connection with his geometrization conjecture.
Reks
Corey Isiah Christie (born August 24, 1977), better known by his stage name Reks (styled in all caps as REKS), is an American rapper. Reks emerged from Lawrence, Massachusetts' underground rap scene. His debut underground album, Along Came The Chosen, was released on Brick Records in 2001. Reks has released eight additional albums and has appeared on various albums and mixtapes.

Lawrence, Massachusetts
Lawrence is a city located in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, on the Merrimack River. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 89,143. Surrounding communities include Methuen to the north, Andover to the southwest, and North Andover to the east. Lawrence and Salem were the county seats of Essex County, until the state abolished county government in 1999. Lawrence is part of the Merrimack Valley.

Manufacturing products of the city include electronic equipment, textiles, footwear, paper products, computers, and foodstuff. Lawrence was the residence of the poet Robert Frost for his early school years; his essays and poems were first published in the Lawrence High School newspaper. Lawrence is also the birthplace of composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein in 1918, and singer Robert Goulet in 1933.
2020 Utah Senate election
The 2020 Utah Senate election was held on November 3, 2020, to elect state senators in 15 of the 29 Utah State Senate districts. These coincided with other elections in Utah, including for governor and the House of Representatives. State senators serve four-year terms in the Utah State Senate.

Utah's 19th State Senate district
The 19th Utah Senate District is located in Morgan, Summit, and Weber Counties and includes Utah House Districts 7, 8, 9, 28, 29, 53, and 54. The current State Senator representing the 19th district is Allen M. Christensen. Christensen was elected to the Utah Senate in 2004 and is up for re-election in 2012.
Lockhart High School
Lockhart High School is a public high school located in Lockhart, Texas, United States and classified as a 5A school by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). It is part of the Lockhart Independent School District located in central Caldwell County. For the 2021-2022 school year, the school was rated "Not Rated" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
George A. Hurd
George Arthur Hurd (August 29, 1869 – November 15, 1929) was an American businessman and amateur lawn tennis player who competed at the 1889 U.S. National Championships. He was also finalist at the U.S. Intercollegiate Championships the same year. He was active from 1886 to 1900 and won 5 singles titles.

1889 U.S. National Championships – Men's singles
Defending champion Henry Slocum defeated Quincy Shaw in the Challenge Round, 6–3, 6–1, 4–6, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1887 U.S. National Championships. Shaw defeated Oliver Campbell in the All Comers' Final, 1–6, 6–4, 6–3, 6–4. The event was held at the Newport Casino, Newport, R.I. from August 21 to August 28.
Whittier Heights, Seattle
Whittier Heights is a neighborhood in Seattle, Washington. It is considered part of greater Ballard.

The neighborhood is bounded to the west by 15th Avenue NW, beyond which is Loyal Heights; to the north by NW 85th Street, beyond which is Crown Hill; to the east by 8th Avenue NW, beyond which is Greenwood and Phinney Ridge; and to the south by NW 65th Street, beyond which is central Ballard.

Crown Hill, Seattle
Crown Hill is a neighborhood in the city of Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington.

The neighborhood is bounded on the south by N.W. 85th Street, beyond which is Loyal Heights & Whittier Heights, followed by Ballard; on the east by 8th Avenue N.W., beyond which is Greenwood; on the north by NW 105th Street, beyond which are (from east to west) Broadview, Carkeek Park, and Blue Ridge, and on the west by 15th Avenue N.W., beyond which are (from east to west) Loyal Heights, Sunset Hill and Golden Gardens Park. It is part of the parcel of formerly unincorporated King County that was annexed by Seattle on January 4, 1954.

The Crown Hill Cemetery is located in the neighborhood.