hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Entocolax ludwigii
Entocolax ludwigii is a species of parasitic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is notable for being commonly misspelled as Entocolax ludwigi, this was the original name for this species of Caenogastropoda, the incorrect name was corrected shortly after Voigt gave the taxonomic name for this species in 1888.

Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic subclass of molluscs in the class Gastropoda. It is a large diverse group which are mostly sea snails and other marine gastropod mollusks, but also includes some freshwater snails and some land snails. The subclass is the most diverse and ecologically successful of the gastropods.

Caenogastropoda contains many families of shelled marine molluscs – including the periwinkles, cowries, wentletraps, moon snails, murexes, cone snails and turrids – and constitutes about 60% of all living gastropods.
Lasionycta luteola
Lasionycta luteola is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from northern Washington and south-western Alberta northward to south-western Yukon.

It is found in the alpine tundra. Adults are predominantly nocturnal but also fly during the day and feed on nectar of Silene acaulis.

The wingspan is about 27 mm. Adults are on wing from mid-July to mid-August.

Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level and merges with polar tundra.

The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as krummholz. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer.

Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate.
Pachyhynobius
Pachyhynobius shangchengensis, the Shangcheng stout salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. It is monotypic within the genus Pachyhynobius. It is named after its type locality, Shangcheng. It is endemic to the Dabie Mountains in central China (Hubei, Henan, and Anhui Provinces). Its natural habitats are subtropical moist lowland forests, montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The Shancheng stout salamander is stout, with a cylindrical body and pronounced sexual dimorphism: the adult male develops a thick, broad head. Adult males have a total length of 150–184 mm (5.9–7.2 in) and females of about 157–176 mm (6.2–6.9 in).

Shangcheng County
Shangcheng County (Chinese: 商城县; pinyin: Shāngchéng Xiàn) is a county of Henan province, China, containing the province's southernmost point and bordering Anhui to the southeast as well as Hubei to the south and southwest. It is under the administration of Xinyang City.
Nijman
Nijman is a Dutch surname. Among variant forms are Neijman, Neyman, Nieman(s), and Nyman. It originated as a nickname for either an unknown or nameless person, related to modern Dutch niemand ("nobody"), or for a newcomer to a place (modern Dutch nieuw man, cognate to English Newman and German Neumann. People with this surname include:

Brigitte Nijman (born 1970), Duch musical actress, singer and voice actor

Hans Nijman (1959–2014), Dutch mixed martial artist and professional wrestler.

Jan Willem Nijman (born 1990s), Dutch video game developer

Jerry Nijman (born 1966), Suriname-born Dutch boxer

Marijn Nijman (born 1985), Dutch cricketer, sister of Ruud

Max Nijman (1941–2016), Surinamese singer

Ruud Nijman (born 1982), Dutch cricketer, brother of Marijn

Yosh Nijman (born 1996), American football player

Newman
Newman is an English-language surname of Germanic Anglo-Saxon origins. Newman is the modern English form of the name used in Great Britain and among people of British ancestry around the world (as is 'Numan'), while Neumann (with variant spellings) is used in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, and to some degree in The Netherlands and Belgium. Both have their origins in the pre-7th-century (Old English) word neowe meaning "new", with mann, meaning man. Its first recorded uses were Godwin Nieweman in Oxfordshire, England, in 1169, and in Germany, Herman Nyeman of Barth in 1325. It was mostly likely originally used as a nickname for a recent arrival or settler. Related surnames include Neuman, Naumann(s), Numan, Nauman, and Neiman.

Notable people with the surname include:
Herpothallon subglobosum
Herpothallon subglobosum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in China, it was formally described as a new species in 2022 by Pengfei Chen and Lulu Zhang. The type was collected in Baimaluo (Weixi County, Yunnan) at an elevation of 2,100 m (6,900 ft). The lichen contains gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, and umbilicaric acid, which are lichen products that can be detected using thin-layer chromatography. The species epithet subglobosum refers to the somewhat spherical pseudisidia.

Umbilicaric acid
Umbilicaric acid is an organic polyphenolic carboxylic acid made by several species of lichen. It is named after Umbilicaria. Umbilicaric acid is a tridepside, containing three phenol rings in orsellinic acid moieties.

Identification of unbilicaric acid can be important in the identification of lichen species.
Al-Jafiah
Al-Jafi'ah (Arabic: الجافعة) is a Syrian village located in the Hirbnafsah Subdistrict in Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Jafi'ah had a population of 833 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Hirbnafsah Subdistrict
Hirbnafsah Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية حربنفسه)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Hama District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hirbnafsah Subdistrict had a population of 54,592 in the 2004 census.
MFAP4
MFAP4 (microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4) is an extracellular matrix protein encoded by the MFAP4 gene. It is part of the MFAP family of proteoglycans, which are involved in cell adhesion, intercellular interactions and the assembly and/or maintenance of elastic fibres.

MFAP4 is known to co-localise at sites rich in elastic fibres and is thought to interact with several proteins including FBN1, FBN2, tropoelastin and desmosine. It has a relatively non-specific tissue expression pattern, with higher levels observed in organs such as the lungs and vasculature.

Fibrillin-1
Fibrillin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBN1 gene, located on chromosome 15. It is a large, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that serves as a structural component of 10–12 nm calcium-binding microfibrils. These microfibrils provide force bearing structural support in elastic and nonelastic connective tissue throughout the body. Mutations altering the protein can result in a variety of phenotypic effects differing widely in their severity, including fetal death, developmental problems, Marfan syndrome or in some cases Weill-Marchesani syndrome.
Nannostomus trifasciatus
Nannostomus trifasciatus (from the Greek nanos, meaning "small"; the Latin stomus, relating to the mouth; and the Latin trifasciatus, meaning "three bands"), commonly known as the three-lined or three-stripe pencilfish, is a freshwater species of fish belonging to the characin family Lebiasinidae. They are popular in the aquarium trade due to their small size, beautiful color pattern, and relative hardiness.

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
Clifford Chapman
Clifford Thomas Chapman FKC (23 May 1913 – 25 May 1982) was an Anglican priest.  He was the Dean of Exeter in the Church of England from 1973 to 1980.
Chapman was educated at Sir Walter St John’s School and King's College London. He was ordained in 1937 and began his ministry with curacies at  All Saints' Child’s Hill and  St Paul’s Winchmore Hill. After this he was the minister of the Church of Ascension Conventional District, Preston Road, Wembley and then the Rural Dean of Chelsea. From 1950 to 1961 he was the Rector of Abinger and from then until his appointment as the Dean of Exeter in 1973 he was a residentiary canon of Guildford Cathedral.

Christianity portal

Winchmore Hill
Winchmore Hill is a suburb in the London Borough of Enfield, north London, England, in the N21 postal district. The Winchmore Hill conservation area serves as the focal point of the district. Geographically, it is bounded on the east by Green Lanes (the A105 road), Barrowell Green, Firs Lane and Fords Grove. To the northwest, it is bordered by Grovelands Park. The southern boundary extends to part of Aldermans Hill, while the northern boundary reaches Vicars Moor Lane and Houndsden Road. Winchmore Hill is 8.9 miles (14.3 km) northeast of Charing Cross.
2024 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The 2024 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix, organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS), was the 31st Summer Grand Prix season for men and the 13th for women as the most important series of ski jumping competitions in the summer and autumn of 2024.

The season started on 13 August in Courchevel, France and concluded on 6 October in Klingenthal, Germany.

Vladimir Zografski from Bulgaria (men's) and Nika Vodan from Slovenia (women's) were the reigning champions from the previous season.

Paweł Wąsek from Poland (men's) and Lara Malsiner from Italy (women's) won the Grand Prix overall trophy for the first time in their careers.

Courchevel
Courchevel (French pronunciation: [kuʁʃəvɛl]) is a French Alps ski resort located in the Tarentaise Valley. It is a part of Les Trois Vallées, the largest linked ski areas in the world.

Courchevel also refers to the towns of Courchevel 1300 (Le Praz), Courchevel 1550, Courchevel 1650 (Moriond), and Courchevel 1850, which are named for their elevations in metres. The resort centre of Courchevel is at 1,747 metres (5,732 ft) above sea level.

Sports events from the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 2023 World Ski Championships took place in Courchevel. The ski resort is considered exclusive, attracting wealthy clientele including royal families. It hosts one of the largest concentrations of five-star ranking luxury hotels.
Akacari
Akachari, or Cari (occasionally 'Kari', 'Chariar' or 'Sare'), is an extinct dialect of the Northern Andamanese language that was spoken by the Cari people, one of the dozen Great Andamanese peoples.

In the 19th century, the Cari lived on the north coast of North Andaman, as well as on Landfall Island and other nearby small islands. By 1994, the population had been reduced to two women aged over 50, living with the other few surviving Great Andamanese on Strait Island. Aka-Cari became extinct with the death of Licho in April 2020.

Prefix
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Particularly in the study of languages, a prefix is also called a preformative, because it alters the form of the word to which it is affixed.

Prefixes, like other affixes, can be either inflectional, creating a new form of a word with the same basic meaning and same lexical category, or derivational, creating a new word with a new semantic meaning and sometimes also a different lexical category. Prefixes, like all affixes, are usually bound morphemes.

English has no inflectional prefixes, using only suffixes for that purpose. Adding a prefix to the beginning of an English word changes it to a different word. For example, when the prefix un- is added to the word happy, it creates the word unhappy.

The word prefix is itself made up of the stem fix (meaning "attach", in this case), and the prefix pre- (meaning "before"), both of which are derived from Latin roots.
Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Outlaw Rock
Outlaw Rock (67°53′S 68°53′W﻿ / ﻿67.883°S 68.883°W﻿ / -67.883; -68.883) is an isolated rock, awash at low tide, lying west of the Dion Islands off the south end of Adelaide Island. First charted by the Royal Navy Hydrographic Survey Unit in 1963. So named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) because of its isolation.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Outlaw Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Adelaide Island
Adelaide Island is a large, mainly ice-covered island, 139 kilometres (75 nmi) long and 37 kilometres (20 nmi) wide, lying at the north side of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Ginger Islands lie off the southern end. Mount Bodys is the easternmost mountain on Adelaide Island, rising to over 1,220 m. The island lies within the Argentine, British and Chilean Antarctic claims.
Till en fågel
"Till en fågel" is a song written by Bert Månson, and released in 1996 by Sanna Nielsen, during the year she would later turn 12 years old.

The single peaked at the 46th position at the Swedish singles chart. The song charted at Svensktoppen for 27 weeks between 18 May-2 October 1996, and also topped the chart.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.
Imperial Chambers
The Imperial Chambers building is a heritage building located at 51-57 Market Street on the corner of Leake Street in the Fremantle West End Heritage area. The building dates from the gold rush boom period in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and is of historic significance.

The Federation Free Classical commercial building was completed for Edwin Foss in 1896. It is a rendered and painted brick two storey structure with a decorative parapet. It has a truncated corner entrance with zero setback from the footpath. The building remained in the Foss family until 1947.
It was classified by the National Trust in 1974.

The building was designed by architect, O.N. Nicholson, who also designed other Fremantle buildings such as the Sea View Hotel and the Railway Hotel.

Leake Street, Fremantle
Leake Street is a street in the city of Fremantle, Western Australia, located between Market Street and Pakenham Street. It was named after George Leake, the first resident magistrate of Fremantle in 1839.

As a side street, it was neglected early on for road surface improvement.

In the early twentieth century, it was frequently cited as a problematic street with the members of the "Leake Street Push" being seen as disorderly and lawless.
Fraser Down
Fraser Down is a  10-hectare (25-acre) nature reserve north of Betchworth in Surrey. It is managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust. It is part of the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Area of Conservation.

This is mainly chalk downland with some yew and beech woodland. The grassland has the rare silver-spotted skipper butterfly and wildflowers such as cowslip and Wild Marjoram.

There is no public access to the site.

Hesperia comma
Hesperia comma, the silver-spotted skipper or common branded skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is known as silver-spotted skipper in Europe and common branded skipper in North America where the butterfly Epargyreus clarus, a spread-winged skipper, also has the common name of "silver-spotted skipper".
Maxim Ivanov (politician, born 1987)
Maxim Yevgenyevich Ivanov (Russian: Максим Евгеньевич Иванов; born 23 May 1987 in Berezovka, Khabarovsky District, Khabarovsk Krai) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma.

In 2010, Maxim Ivanov joined the United Russia. On 14 September 2014 he was elected deputy of the Khabarovsk City Duma of the 6th convocation. In 2019, he was appointed acting secretary of the Khabarovsk branch of the United Russia; in June 2021, he was elected as a secretary. He left the post in September 2021 when he was elected deputy of the 8th State Duma. He joined the Committee on Ecology, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection.

Khabarovsky District
Khabarovsky District (Russian: Хаба́ровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 30,014 square kilometers (11,588 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  85,404 (2010 census); 90,179 (2002 census); 85,218 (1989 Soviet census).
Mataemon Tanabe
Mataemon Tanabe (田辺 又右衛門, Tanabe Mataemon, 1869–1942) was a Japanese jujutsu practitioner and master of the Fusen-ryū school. He became famous for defeating multiple members of the Kodokan in challenge matches, and came to be considered one of the greatest modern jujutsuka.

Jujutsu
Jujutsu (柔術, jūjutsu; Japanese pronunciation: [dʑɯːʑɯtsɯ] or [dʑɯꜜːʑɯtsɯ] ⓘ), also known as jiu-jitsu or ju-jitsu (both /dʒuːˈdʒɪtsuː/ joo-JITS-oo), is a Japanese martial art and a system of close combat that can be used in a defensive or offensive manner.  A subset of techniques from certain styles that jujutsu were used to develop many modern martial arts and combat sports, such as judo, aikido, sambo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, ARB, and mixed martial arts.
William S. Hamilton
William Stephen Hamilton (August 4, 1797 – October 9, 1850), a son of Alexander Hamilton and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, was an American politician and miner who lived much of his life in the U.S. state of Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory. Hamilton was born in New York, where he attended the United States Military Academy before he resigned and moved to Illinois in 1817. In Illinois, he lived in Springfield and Peoria and eventually migrated to the lead-mining region of southern Wisconsin and established Hamilton's Diggings at present-day Wiota, Wisconsin. Hamilton served in various political offices and as a commander in two Midwest Indian Wars. In 1849, he moved to California during the California Gold Rush. He died in Sacramento, most likely of cholera, in October 1850.

Miner
A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, chalk, clay, or other minerals from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock. In a broader sense, a "miner" is anyone working within a mine, not just a worker at the rock face.

Cave-ins, explosions, toxic air, and extreme temperatures are some of the most dangerous mining accidents. The overall long-term health effects of underground mining conditions is also a hazard. In some countries, miners lack social guarantees and in case of injury may be left to cope without assistance.

In regions with a long mining tradition, many communities have developed cultural traditions and aspects specific to the various regions, in the forms of particular equipment, symbolism, music, and the like.
Fred Goliah
Frederick Goliah (1888 - November 21, 1935) was a  Negro league baseball infielder  for several years before the founding of the first Negro National League, and in its first few seasons. He played for the Chicago Giants, Chicago American Giants and Leland Giants. He also played for the 25th Infantry Wreckers team during World War I.

Leland Giants
The Leland Giants, originally the Chicago Union Giants, were a Negro league baseball team that competed independently during the first decade of the 20th century. The team was formed via a merge of the Chicago Unions and the Chicago Columbia Giants in 1901, and then split in 1910 to form the Chicago Giants and what would become known as the Chicago American Giants.  The team was named after its owner and manager, Frank Leland.
Jeffrey Hunter
Jeffrey Hunter (born Henry Herman McKinnies Jr.; November 25, 1926 – May 27, 1969) was an American film and television actor and producer known for his roles in films such as The Searchers and King of Kings. On television, Hunter is known for his 1965 role as Captain Christopher Pike in the original pilot episode of Star Trek: The Original Series.

The Last Hurrah (1958 film)
The Last Hurrah is a 1958 American political satire film adaptation of the 1956 novel The Last Hurrah by Edwin O'Connor. It was directed by John Ford and stars Spencer Tracy as a veteran mayor preparing for yet another election campaign. Tracy was nominated as Best Foreign Actor by BAFTA and won the Best Actor Award from the National Board of Review, the latter which also presented Ford their award for Best Director.

The film tells the story of Frank Skeffington, a sentimental but iron-fisted Irish-American who is the powerful mayor of an unnamed New England city. As his nephew, Adam Caulfield, follows one last no-holds-barred mayoral campaign, Skeffington and his top strategist, John Gorman, use whatever means necessary to defeat a candidate backed by civic leaders such as banker Norman Cass and newspaper editor Amos Force, the mayor's dedicated foes.