hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash
On 24 January 2024, at around 11:15 MSK, a Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 military transport plane crashed near the Ukrainian border in Russia's Korochansky district in Belgorod Oblast, killing everyone on board. Russia stated that the plane was shot down by Ukraine while it was carrying 65 Ukrainian prisoners of war (POWs) captured during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as six crew members and three guards, and that the prisoners of war were to be exchanged in a swap. The General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces did not directly take responsibility for shooting down the airplane, but stated that it was a legitimate military target and that it was carrying S-300 anti-aircraft missiles for bombing Kharkiv Oblast.

Some French and US officials said that the downing of the aircraft was caused by a Patriot missile fired by the Ukrainian army.

Legitimate military target
A legitimate military target is an object, structure, individual, or entity that is considered to be a valid target for attack by belligerent forces according to the law of war during an armed conflict.
Timeline of US intervention in Syria
The United States intervention in Syria is the United States-led support of Syrian opposition and Rojava during the course of the Syrian civil war and active military involvement led by the United States and its allies – the militaries of the United Kingdom, France, Jordan, Turkey, Canada, Australia and more – against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and al-Nusra Front since 2014. Since early 2017, the U.S. and other Coalition partners have also targeted the Ba'athist government in Syria and its allies via airstrikes and aircraft shoot-downs.

Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Deir ez-Zor Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة دير الزور Muḥāfaẓat Dayr az-Zawr) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in eastern Syria, bordering Iraq. It has an area of 33,060 km2 (12,760 sq mi) and a population of 1,239,000 (2011 estimate). The capital is Deir ez-Zor. It is divided roughly equally from northwest to southeast by the Euphrates.
Cotula
Cotula is a genus of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It includes plants known generally as water buttons or buttonweeds.

The species within this genus can vary extensively in their habit, leaf division, involucre, receptacle and achenes. This makes it difficult to define them by comparing their morphology. The genus can only be defined by looking at the corollas of their flowers. Most are disciform (lacking ray florets). These corollas may be tubular, reduced or even absent. Another characteristic is their solitary heads growing on a peduncle.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
Deaths in July 2012
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2012.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname.  A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference (and language of reference, if not English).

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Ciné de Chef
Ciné de Chef is a combined luxury movie theatre and gourmet restaurant, located in Apgujeong, southern Seoul. It is operated by CJ CGV, South Korea's largest multiplex movie theatre chain, and opened on 3 May 2007, drawing over 2000 viewers in its first few months.

The theatre seats just thirty people in deluxe chairs costing ₩8 million each, and is equipped with 11.1 channel speakers which surround the entire theatre, including the floor and ceiling. In the restaurant, Le Cordon Bleu-certified chefs serve modern Asian cuisine. Other services provided by Ciné de Chef include valet parking, a private elevator, an escort service and English-speaking staff. Tickets cost in the region of ₩60,000–100,000.

Le Cordon Bleu
Le Cordon Bleu ([lə kɔʁdɔ̃ blø]; French: "The Blue Ribbon"; LCB) is a French hospitality and culinary education institution, teaching haute cuisine. Its educational focuses are hospitality management, culinary arts, and gastronomy. The institution consists of 35 institutes in 20 countries and has over 20,000 attendees.
Vangen Church (Aurland)
Vangen Church (Norwegian: Vangen kyrkje) is the main parish church in Aurland Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Aurlandsvangen, at the end of the Aurlandsfjorden. It is the church for the Vangen parish which is part of the Sogn prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, stone church was built in a long church design and in early Gothic style around the year 1202. The church seats about 270 people.

Vangen Church is the largest of the seven medieval stone churches in the Sogn og Fjordane region, leading it to be called the Sognedomen or Sogn Cathedral.

Sogn
Sogn is a traditional district in Western Norway (Norwegian: Vestlandet). It is located in the county of Vestland, surrounding the Sognefjord, the largest/longest fjord in Norway. The district of Sogn consists of the municipalities of Aurland, Hyllestad, Høyanger, Gulen, Luster, Lærdal, Sogndal, Solund, Vik, and Årdal.

The district covers 10,675 square kilometres (4,122 sq mi). The largest urban area in Sogn is the village of Sogndalsfjøra (in Sogndal Municipality), with 4,475 residents. The second largest urban area is the village Øvre Årdal (in Årdal Municipality), with 3,094 people (this village used to be the largest, but recently it was passed by Sogndalsfjøra).

The district of Sogn comprises the southern part of the former county Sogn og Fjordane. The districts of Sunnfjord and Nordfjord are the other two districts in the county.
Château Monbousquet
44°52′16″N 0°10′33″W﻿ / ﻿44.87116°N 0.17571°W﻿ / 44.87116; -0.17571

Château Monbousquet is a Bordeaux wine which has the appellation Saint-Émilion, ranked Grand cru classé in the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine. The winery is located in the Right Bank of France’s Bordeaux wine region in the commune of Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens, in the department Gironde.

Bordeaux wine
Bordeaux wine (Occitan: vin de Bordèu; French: vin de Bordeaux) is produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France, around the city of Bordeaux, on the Garonne River. To the north of the city, the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the broad estuary called the Gironde; the Gironde department, with a total vineyard area of 110,800 hectares, is the second largest wine-growing area in France behind the Languedoc-Rousillon.

Average vintages produce over 700 million bottles of wine, ranging from large quantities of daily table wine to some of the world's most expensive and prestigious wines. The vast majority of wine produced in Bordeaux is red (sometimes called "claret" in Britain), with sweet white wines (most notably Sauternes), dry whites, and (in much smaller quantities) rosé and sparkling wines (Crémant de Bordeaux) collectively making up the remainder. Bordeaux wine is made by more than 5,660 producers or châteaux. There are 65 appellations of Bordeaux wine.
1988 WTA Nice Open
The 1988 WTA Nice Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club, in Nice, France and was part of Tier V of the 1988 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 11 July until 17 July 1988. First-seeded Sandra Cecchini won the singles title.

WTA Tier IV tournaments
The WTA Tier IV tournaments were Women's Tennis Association fourth-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled. Some of the tournaments became Tier V events between 1990 and 1992, and later from 2001 to 2005, before being integrated back into Tier IV.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed the tournament categories, so that most of the Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from 2008 were in one category, WTA International tournaments.
Robert Poss
Robert Poss is an American guitarist and music producer. He was the front man and primary composer for Band of Susans between 1986 and 1996. He has also collaborated with Rhys Chatham and the band When People Were Shorter and Lived Near the Water. He co-founded Trace Elements Records in 1980, which released records from artists such as Nicolas Collins and Phill Niblock.

When People Were Shorter and Lived Near the Water
When People Were Shorter and Lived Near the Water was an American experimental psychedelic rock band from New York City active from 1986 to 1996. Their three albums and several EPs consist of experimental cover versions of songs from various genres of popular music.

Trouser Press critics Scott Schinder and David Greenberger wrote that their renditions, which contain both precise and loose arrangements, were "not exactly affectionate tributes, but not complete jokes either," giving the group the double identity of an art rock and party band.  Though commercially unsuccessful, they were a critically respected staple of the experimental scene associated with their label Shimmy Disc and shared the stage, as well as several members, with the groups King Missile, Bongwater and Shockabilly.
Telephone numbers in Pakistan
Telephone numbers in Pakistan are ten digits long. Landline numbers and mobile numbers have different structures.  Geographically fixed landline are prefixed by an area code which varies in length depending on the significance of the place. Mobile numbers are prefixed followed by a two-digit code indicating the telephone operator. The international country code for Pakistan is +92.

Zong (mobile network)
CMPak Limited, doing business as Zong (Urdu: زونگ), is a Pakistani mobile network operator. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of China Mobile.

It is the first overseas setup of China Mobile through acquisition of a license from Millicom to operate a GSM network in Pakistan in 2008.

It is Pakistan's second-largest mobile service provider with a subscriber base of 53 million, among which 43 million are 4G/LTE subscribers. With over 14,000 4G enabled sites across the country, it has a market share of 26% among cellular operators in the country.
Helikopter Service Flight 451
On 8 September 1997 Flight 451, a Eurocopter AS 332L1 Super Puma, from the Norwegian helicopter operator Helikopter Service, crashed into the Norwegian Sea, 100 nautical miles (190 km; 120 mi) northwest of Brønnøysund, Norway. The aircraft was en route from Brønnøysund Airport, Brønnøy to Norne, an offshore Floating production storage and offloading vessel (FPSO). The accident was caused by a fatigue crack in a spline of a power transmission shaft connector, which ultimately caused the power transmission shaft to fail. All twelve people on board were killed in the crash.

Spline (mechanical)
A spline is a ridge or tooth 
on a drive shaft that matches with a groove in a mating piece and transfers torque to it, maintaining the angular correspondence between them.

For instance, a gear mounted on a shaft might use a male spline on the shaft that matches the female spline on the gear. Adjacent images in the section below show a transmission input shaft with male splines and a clutch plate with mating female splines in the center hub, where the smooth tip of the axle would be supported in a pilot bearing in the flywheel (not pictured). An alternative to splines is a keyway and key, though splines provide a longer fatigue life, and can carry significantly greater torques for the size.
Sisa Sklovská
Sisa Sklovská (born 13 October 1965) is a Slovak singer. She studied at Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava (VŠMU) and subsequently joined the Slovak National Theatre, where she performed for five years as a soloist. Sklovská was among the judges for the X Factor (Czech and Slovak series). Slovak president Ivan Gašparovič attended her wedding to Juraj Lelkes in January 2011.

Slovak National Theatre
The Slovak National Theater (Slovak: Slovenské národné divadlo, abbr. SND) is the oldest professional theatre in Slovakia, consisting of three ensembles: opera, ballet, and drama. Its history begins shortly after the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic in 1918. It is located in the capital, Bratislava.

The theatre is currently based in two separate buildings: the historic Neo-Renaissance building at Gorkého 2 (Hviezdoslavovo námestie) and the new SND building in the Old Town, opened on 14 April 2007, at Pribinova 17. Performances take place on most days of the year. The Slovak National Theatre has represented Slovak culture on its numerous tours abroad.
Clare Gagne
Clare Wilson Gagne (/ˈɡæɡni/ GAG-nee; born February 22, 2002) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for the Kansas City Current of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She played college soccer for the Brown Bears and the North Carolina Tar Heels, helping lead the Tar Heels to the 2024 national championship. She was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Defensive Player.

NWSL Shield
The NWSL Shield is an annual award given to the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) team with the best regular season record as determined by the NWSL points system. The NWSL Shield has been awarded annually since 2013 and is recognized as a major trophy by the league.

The North Carolina Courage and Seattle Reign FC, each with three NWSL Shields since the league's inception in 2013, are tied for the most shields won by any NWSL team. The Kansas City Current are the current (2025) winners.

In 2024, CONCACAF announced that the NWSL Shield winner and runner-up qualified by virtue of those accomplishments for the 2024–25 CONCACAF W Champions Cup, the inaugural edition of that competition.
C.S. kwartier
C.S. kwartier is the central neighborhood of Rotterdam, Netherlands, immediately surrounding Rotterdam Centraal Station. The neighborhood has access to a major harbor in Rotterdam, and is also called the Central District of Rotterdam.

Rotterdam Centraal station
Rotterdam Centraal station (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌrɔtərˈdɑm sɛnˈtraːl]; English: Rotterdam Central station) is the main railway station of the city Rotterdam in South Holland, Netherlands. The station received an average of 112,000 passengers daily in 2019. The current station building, located at Station Square, was officially opened in March 2014.
Yury Suslin
Yury Nikolaevich Suslin (Russian: Юрий Николаевич Суслин; 19 May 1935 – 7 October 2020) was a retired Russian rower who specialised in the eights. In this event he won two silver medals at the European championships of 1963–1964 and finished fifth at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Suslin competed at the 1961 European Rowing Championships with the coxed four and won silver.

His younger brother Viktor is also a retired Olympic rower.

1961 European Rowing Championships
The 1961 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Vltava (Moldau) in the Czechoslovakian capital Prague. The event for women was held from 18 to 20 August, and 9 countries competed with 32 boats. The event for men was held from 24 to 27 August, and 20 countries entered boats. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+), and just three countries entered boats in all classes: the hosts Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, and a combined German team. Women entered in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+). The regatta was held in five lanes, with rowers proceeding in the direction of the river's flow.
Gwenda Bond
Gwenda Bond (born July 12, 1976) is an American author of science fiction and fantasy, young adult, and romance novels. A novelist since 2012, she is also a member of the Clarion Workshop faculty for 2022, and has been a judge for the Bradbury Prize, the World Fantasy Award, the Otherwise Award, and the SLF Fountain Award.

Locus Award
The Locus Awards are an annual set of literary awards voted on by readers of the science fiction and fantasy magazine Locus, a monthly magazine based in Oakland, California. The awards are presented at an annual banquet.

Originally a poll of Locus subscribers only, voting is now open to anyone, but the votes of subscribers count twice as much as the votes of non-subscribers. The award was inaugurated in 1971, and was originally intended to provide suggestions and recommendations for the Hugo Awards. They have come to be considered a prestigious prize in science fiction, fantasy and horror literature. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction regards the Locus Awards as sharing the stature of the Hugo and Nebula Awards.

Gardner Dozois holds the record for the most wins (43), while Neil Gaiman has won the most awards for works of fiction (18). Robert Silverberg has received the  highest number of nominations (158).
Pular language
Pular (𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪), often referred to as Pula Futa, is a Fula language spoken primarily by the Fula people of Fouta Djallon, Guinea. It is also spoken in Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Senegal and in parts of Sierra Leone. There are a small number of speakers in Mali. Pular is spoken by 4.3 million Guineans, about 55% of the national population. This makes Pular the most widely spoken indigenous language in the country. Substantial numbers of Pular speakers have migrated to other countries in West Africa, notably Senegal and Ivory Coast.

Pular is not to be confused with Pulaar, another Fula language spoken natively in Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania, and western Mali (including the Futa Tooro region).

Pular is written in three alphabets: Adlam script, Ajami script and the Latin script.

Futa Tooro
Futa Toro (Wolof and Fula: Fuuta Tooro, فُوتَ تࣷورࣷ‎, 𞤆𞤵𞥄𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥄𞤪𞤮; Arabic: فوتا تورو), often simply the Futa, is a semidesert region around the middle run of the Senegal River. This region, along the border of Senegal and Mauritania, is historically significant as the center of several Fulani states, and a source of jihad armies and migrants to the Fouta Djallon.

The word Futa is a general name the Fulbe gave to any area they lived in, while Toro was the actual identity of the region for its inhabitants, likely derived from the ancient kingdom of Takrur. The people of the area mostly speak Pulaar, a dialect of the Fula language that spans West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They identified themselves by the language giving rise to the name Haalpulaar'en meaning those who speak Pulaar. The Haalpulaar'en are also known as Toucouleurs (var. Tukolor), a name also derived from of Takrur.
Lists of poisonings
These are lists of poisonings, deliberate and accidental, in chronological order by the date of death of the victim(s). They include mass poisonings, confirmed attempted poisonings, suicides, fictional poisonings and people who are known or suspected to have killed multiple people.

Curare
Curare (/kʊˈrɑːri/ or /kjʊˈrɑːri/; kuu-RAH-ree or kyuu-RAH-ree) is a common name for various alkaloid arrow poisons originating from plant extracts. Used as a paralyzing agent by indigenous peoples in Central and South America for hunting and for therapeutic purposes, curare only becomes active when it contaminates a wound or is introduced directly to the bloodstream; it is not active when ingested orally.

Curare is prepared by boiling the bark of one of the dozens of plant sources, leaving a dark, heavy paste that can be applied to arrow or dart heads.

These poisons cause weakness of the skeletal muscles and, when administered in a sufficient dose, eventual death by asphyxiation due to paralysis of the diaphragm. In medicine, curare has been used as a treatment for tetanus and strychnine poisoning and as a paralyzing agent for surgical procedures.
NoMa
NoMa (short for "north of Massachusetts Avenue") is a neighborhood of Washington, D.C., located in Ward 6 of the city. The neighborhood encompasses the region north of Massachusetts Avenue located north and east of Union Station. It includes the Sursum Corda, Eckington, and Near Northeast areas, as well as a section known as Swampoodle.

MARC Train
The Maryland Area Rail Commuter (MARC) is a commuter rail system in the Washington–Baltimore area. MARC (reporting mark MARC) is administered by the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) and operated under contract by Alstom and Amtrak on track owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) and Amtrak. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 4,187,100, or about 19,300 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025, less than pre-COVID-19 pandemic weekday ridership of 40,000.

With trains on the Penn Line reaching a maximum speed of 125 miles per hour (201 km/h), MARC has the highest top speed of any commuter railroad in the United States.
The Final Solution (novel)
The Final Solution: A Story of Detection is a 2004 novella by Michael Chabon.  It is a detective story that in many ways pays homage to the writings of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and other writers of the genre.  The story, set in 1944, revolves around an unnamed 89-year-old long-retired detective (who may or may not be Sherlock Holmes, but is always called just "the old man"), now interested mostly in beekeeping, and his quest to find a missing parrot, the only friend of a mute Jewish boy. The title of the novella references Doyle's 1893 Sherlock Holmes story "The Final Problem" (in which Holmes confronts his greatest enemy, Professor Moriarty, at Reichenbach Falls) and the Final Solution (the Nazis' plan for the genocide of the Jewish people), as well as The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, a 1974 novel written in homage to Conan Doyle by Nicholas Meyer.

The Final Problem
"The Final Problem" is a short story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring his detective character Sherlock Holmes. It was first published in The Strand Magazine in the United Kingdom, and McClure's in the United States, under the title "The Adventure of the Final Problem" in December 1893. It appears in book form as part of the collection The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes.

The story, set in 1891, introduces the criminal mastermind Professor Moriarty. It was intended to be the final Holmes story, ending with the character's death, but Doyle was later persuaded to revive Holmes for additional stories and novels.
Yoro, Mali
Yoro  is a village and commune and seat of the Cercle of Koro in the Mopti Region of Mali. In 1998 the commune had a population of 10,535. The village and Gangafani were attacked by suspected Fulani gunmen, who killed 41 people according to a MINUSMA count.

Mopti Region
Mopti (Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated Diiwal Moobti) is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2.  Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region.