hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Legislative districts of Surigao del Norte
The legislative districts of Surigao del Norte are the representations of the province of Surigao del Norte in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second congressional districts. The 1st legislative district comprises nine municipalities on the islands of Siargao and Bucas Grande (plus smaller islands); the 2nd legislative district comprises Surigao City and eleven other municipalities on the mainland of Mindanao.

Pilar, Surigao del Norte
Pilar, officially the Municipality of Pilar (Surigaonon: Lungsod nan Pilar; Tagalog: Bayan ng Pilar), is a municipality in the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 11,135 people.

It is located on Siargao Island, bounded by the municipality of San Isidro to the north, municipality of Del Carmen to the west, municipality of Dapa to south and Philippine Sea to the east. It used to be a barrio of Dapa until its creation as a separate municipality on October 31, 1953, by virtue of Executive Order No. 638 issued by then President Elpidio Quirino. Pilar has a natural harbor through a small inlet called Port Pilar.
2014 Varsity Shield
The 2014 Varsity Shield was contested from 27 January to 31 March 2014. The tournament (also known as the FNB Varsity Shield presented by Steinhoff International for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth season of the Varsity Shield, an annual second-tier inter-university rugby union competition featuring five South African universities.

The tournament was won by CUT Ixias for the second consecutive time and third time overall; they beat UKZN Impi 35–26 in the final played on 31 March 2015. CUT Ixias were automatically promoted to the top-tier Varsity Cup competition for 2015, but UKZN Impi lost their promotion play-off match against UJ to remain in the Varsity Shield for 2015. Bottom side TUT Vikings won their relegation play-off match against challengers NWU Vaal Triangle to also remain in the Varsity Shield for 2015.

University of Johannesburg
The University of Johannesburg, colloquially known as UJ, is a public university located in Johannesburg, South Africa. The University of Johannesburg was established on 1 January 2005 as the result of a merger between the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), the Technikon Witwatersrand (TWR) and the Soweto and East Rand campuses of Vista University. Prior to the merger, the Daveyton and Soweto campuses of former Vista University had been incorporated into RAU. As a result of the merger of Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), it is common for alumni to refer to the university as RAU.

The institution is one of the largest comprehensive contact universities in South Africa from the 26 public universities that make up the higher education system. UJ has a student population of more than 50,000, of whom more than 3,000 are international students from 80 countries.
Euphorbia mangelsdorffii
Euphorbia mangelsdorffii is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Kupp
Kupp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include the following family of American football players:

Jake Kupp (born 1941), offensive lineman

Craig Kupp (born 1967), Jake's son; quarterback

Cooper Kupp (born 1993), Craig's son; wide receiver

Cooper Kupp
Cooper Douglas Kupp (born June 15, 1993) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Eastern Washington Eagles, winning the Walter Payton Award in 2015 and setting the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision records for receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns. He was selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the third round of the 2017 NFL draft.

Kupp had a breakout season in 2021 when he became the fourth player since the AFL-NFL Merger to lead the league in receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns. He was named the Offensive Player of the Year Award and was the MVP of Super Bowl LVI. Kupp joined the Seahawks in 2025, winning Super Bowl LX the same year.
Toma Pishtachev
Toma Pishtachev (1876–1955) was a Bulgarian cartographer. Pishtachev Peak in Antarctica is named in his honor. The National Polytechnical Museum in Sofia preserves a number of his original cartographic productions, including a plan of Sofia in 1887, produced in 1907 in honor of twenty years since Ferdinand I of Bulgaria's accession to the Bulgarian throne; and a plan of old Sofia in 1879 and its regulation project in 1881.

Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948) was the monarch of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1918, reigning as Prince of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1908 and Tsar of Bulgaria from 1908 until his abdication in 1918. Under his rule, Bulgaria entered the First World War on the side of the Central Powers in 1915.
Hepzibah, Harrison County, West Virginia
Hepzibah is a  census-designated place (CDP) and coal town in Harrison County, West Virginia, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 19 and West Virginia Route 20, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of Clarksburg.

Hepzibah has a post office with ZIP code 26369. As of the 2020 census, its population was 387 (down from 566 at the 2010 census).

Coal town
A coal town, also known as a coal camp or patch, is a type of company town or mining community established by the employer, a mining company, which imports workers to the site to work the mineral find. The company develops it and provides residences for a population of miners and related workers to reside near the coal mine. The 'town founding' process is not limited to mining, but this type of development typically takes place where mineral wealth is located in a remote or undeveloped area. The company opens the site for exploitation by first, constructing transportation infrastructure to serve it, and later to establish residences for workers. Mineral resources were sometimes found as the result of logging operations that established clear-cut area. Geologists and cartographers could then chart and plot the lands for exploitation.
Solar power in the Czech Republic
The Czech Republic had almost two gigawatts (GW) of photovoltaic capacity at the end of 2010, but installed less than 10 megawatts (MW) in 2011 due to the feed-in tariff being reduced by 25%, after installing almost 1,500 MW the year before. Installations increased to 109 MW in 2012. In 2014, no new installations were reported.

Source: Photovoltaic Barometer:





Energy-Charts.info, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems

In 2003 a Czech-Austrian information and training center for solar power was founded in the village of Věžovatá Pláně in South Bohemia. That same year major Josef Mach claimed that the electricity from the Temelín nuclear power plant in the Czech Republic would be abandoned. He is known as one of the biggest Temelín opponents in the Czech Republic.

Temelín Nuclear Power Station
Temelín Nuclear Power Station (Czech: Jaderná elektrárna Temelín, abbreviation ETE) is a nuclear power plant in Temelín, Czech Republic. It is owned by ČEZ Group, which employs 1,000 workers at the site. The adjacent castle Vysoký Hrádek serves as an information centre.

In 2003, the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant, with its 2,180 MW of installed capacity, became the largest power resource in the Czech Republic and the largest source of zero-emission electricity generation by far.
Kwame Asamoah Tenkorang
Kwame Asamoah Tenkorang (born 1951) is a Ghanaian diplomat and foreign service personnel. He previously served as Ghana's ambassador to Libya, Ghana's ambassador to Japan and Ghana's high commissioner to Kenya.

High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
John Finner
Johnnie Charley Finner (born August 7, 1885) was an American Negro league pitcher between 1919 and 1925.

Finner made his Negro leagues debut in 1919 with the St. Louis Giants. He remained with the club (later known as the "Stars") through 1924. Finner also spent time with the Milwaukee Bears, and finished his career in 1925 with the Birmingham Black Barons.

St. Louis Stars (baseball)
The St. Louis Stars, originally the St. Louis Giants, were a Negro league baseball team that competed independently from as early as 1906 to 1919, and then joined the Negro National League (NNL) for the duration of their existence. After the 1921 season, the Giants were sold by African-American promoter Charlie Mills to Dick Kent and Dr. Sam Sheppard, who built a new park and renamed the club the Stars. As the Stars, they eventually built one of the great dynasties in Negro league history, winning three pennants in four years from 1928 to 1931.
Giacomo Parolini
Giacomo Parolini (May 1, 1663 – 1733) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, mainly active in Ferrara.

He initially traveled with Giovanni Francesco Viterbi to Turin to study law, but then went to study painting in Turin with Peruzzini Anconitano, who had trained with Simone Cantarini. He travels with Viterbi to Bologna in 1679, where he apprentices with Carlo Cignani in Bologna, till the latter leaves for Forlì. In Bologna he worked with Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole and Giuseppe Maria Crespi. He then traveled to Turin, Venice and Rome. In about 1699, he returns to Ferrara where he marries.

He painted the ceiling of Carmine in San Paolo. In the Certosa he painted a Crucifixion. He painted numerous other altarpieces in Ferrara, including a Last supper in cathedral and a St. Sebastian for the church of San Sebastiano of Verona. Among his pupils were Girolamo Gregori and Giovanni Francesco Braccioli.

Forlì
Forlì (/fɔːrˈliː/ for-LEE; Italian: [forˈli] ⓘ; Romagnol: Furlè [furˈlɛ]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.

The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the east of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forlì (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Medicine, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
Brezovci, Puconci
Brezovci (pronounced [ˈbɾeːzɔu̯tsi]; Hungarian: Vasnyíres) is a village in the Municipality of Puconci in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia.

There is a small chapel in the centre of the village with a three-story belfry.

Prekmurje
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Prekmurje (Slovene pronunciation: [pɾɛkˈmúːɾjɛ] also [ˈpɾeːkmuɾjɛ] ⓘ; Prekmurje Slovene: Prèkmürsko or Prèkmüre; Hungarian: Muravidék) is a geographically, linguistically, culturally, and ethnically defined region of Slovenia, settled by Slovenes and a Hungarian minority, lying between the Mur River in Slovenia and the Rába Valley (the watershed of the Rába; Slovene: Porabje) in the westernmost part of Hungary. It covers an area of 938 square kilometers (362 sq mi) and has a population of 78,000 people. Its largest town and urban center is Murska Sobota, the other urban center being Lendava.
RAF Transport Command
RAF Transport Command was a  Royal Air Force command  that controlled all transport aircraft of the RAF. It was established on 25 March 1943 by the renaming of the RAF Ferry Command, and was subsequently renamed RAF Air Support Command in 1967.

Hendon Aerodrome
Hendon Aerodrome was an aerodrome in London, England, that was an important centre for aviation from 1908 to 1968.

It was situated in Colindale, seven miles (11 km) north west of Charing Cross. It nearly became a central hub of civil aviation ("the Charing Cross of [the UK's] international air routes"), but for the actions of the RAF after the First World War in reserving it for military aviation. It was known as a place of pioneering experiments including the first airmail, the first parachute descent from a powered aircraft, the first night flights and the first aerial defence of a city.
Portfolio company
A portfolio company (commonly abbreviated as PortCo) is a company or entity in which a venture capital firm, a startup studio, or a holding company invests. All companies currently backed by a private equity firm can be spoken of as the firm's portfolio.

A company may create a portfolio to showcase the capabilities and strengths of the business's services. The portfolio is a collection of the products, services and achievements of the company. The goal of a company portfolio is to create a presence of the business on the market, attract more customers and to show how the business differs from its direct competitors on the market. The company portfolio is also used as a business strategy to show the growth of the company to attract potential investors and shareholders.

Startup studio
A startup studio, also known as a startup factory, or a startup foundry, or a venture studio, is a studio-like company that aims at building several startup companies in succession. This style of business building is referred to as "parallel entrepreneurship".

Unlike business incubators and accelerators, venture builders generally don't accept applications, and the companies instead pull business ideas from within the team itself or their close network, and assign internal teams to develop them. Some startup studios also act as early stage venture capitalists.
River Mardle
The River Mardle is a tributary of the River Dart in Devon, England.

It rises on Holne Moor on Dartmoor and flows in a generally south-easterly direction. It forms a short part of the boundary of Dartmoor National Park near its confluence with Snowdon Brook and Chalk Ford, where it is crossed by the Two Moors Way. After this, it flows through Scae Wood and then farmland until it reaches the town of Buckfastleigh where it passes under the A38 road and the South Devon Railway to meet the River Dart near Buckfastleigh railway station.

South Devon Railway (heritage railway)
The South Devon Railway (SDR) is a 6.64-mile (10.69 km) heritage railway from Totnes to Buckfastleigh in Devon. Mostly running alongside the River Dart, it was initially known as the Dart Valley Railway. The railway is now operated by the South Devon Railway Trust, a registered charity.

The railway's headquarters and museum are located at Buckfastleigh railway station.
Maxine Penas
Maxine Marilyn Penas (née Sluka) (October 6, 1946 – December 29, 2008) was an American politician and educator.

Born in Roseau, Minnesota, Penas went to Corbett College at Mount Saint Benedict in Crookston, Minnesota. She then graduated from Saint Benedict College in 1968. She was a school teacher and farmer, and lived in Badger, Minnesota. Penas served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 2001 to 2006 and was a Republican. She died in Roseau, Minnesota after suffering a stroke.

Crookston, Minnesota
Crookston is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the county seat of Polk County. The population was 7,482 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Greater Grand Forks metropolitan statistical area.

Crookston is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Crookston. Crookston is partially a commuter town to the larger city of Grand Forks, North Dakota.
Elizabeth Jenkins (writer)
Margaret Elizabeth Jenkins OBE (31 October 1905 – 5 September 2010) was an English novelist and biographer of Jane Austen, Henry Fielding, Lady Caroline Lamb, Joseph Lister and Elizabeth I. Elizabeth Bowen said Jenkins was "among the most distinguished living English novelists."

Lady Caroline Lamb
Caroline Lamb, Viscountess Melbourne (née Ponsonby; 13 November 1785 – 25 January 1828), known as Lady Caroline Lamb, was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat and novelist, best known for Glenarvon, a Gothic novel. In 1812, she had an affair with Lord Byron, whom she described as "mad, bad, and dangerous to know". Her husband was the Honourable William Lamb, who after her death became 2nd Viscount Melbourne and British prime minister.
Darren Sawatzky
Darren Sawatzky (born February 22, 1973, in Seattle, Washington) is an American soccer coach and former player who is currently the head coach of the Richmond Kickers in USL League One. He spent four seasons in Major League Soccer, one season in the Major Indoor Soccer League, one in USISL and five in the United Soccer Leagues. He currently holds several coaching positions at the high school, collegiate and professional levels and was the Director of Youth Development for Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer. In January 2015, he was named head coach of the Tacoma Stars of the Major Arena Soccer League.

Major Arena Soccer League
The Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) is a professional indoor soccer league in North America. The MASL features teams playing coast-to-coast in the United States and Mexico. The league is the highest level of arena soccer in North America. The league draws talent from a global talent pool with players from Major League Soccer (MLS), Liga MX, and many national teams. With a new management team, the league has grown in popularity and commercially. Former USMNT and MLS star Landon Donovan played in the MASL, as do multiple international players.
Cetaphil
Cetaphil /ˈsiːtəfɪl/ or /ˈsɛtəfɪl/ is a line of skin care products from the Swiss company Galderma, including cleansers, bar soap, cream, lotion, and moisturizers. It was developed in 1947 in Texas and it is sold at grocery stores and pharmacies across the United States, Canada, India, and Nepal. Cetaphil products are also available in pharmacies in approximately 100 countries including in Australia, Hong Kong, South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, Singapore, and some European, Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Prior to a change in formulation, Cetaphil cleanser ingredients were water, cetyl alcohol, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearyl alcohol, methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben. However, in 2021 Cetaphil changed its formula, adding several new ingredients including niacinamide, panthenol, and glycerin.

Cetyl alcohol
Cetyl alcohol /ˈsiːtəl/, also known as hexadecan-1-ol and palmityl alcohol, is a C-16 fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)15OH. At room temperature, cetyl alcohol takes the form of a waxy white solid or flakes. The name cetyl refers to whale oil (cetacea oil, from Latin: cetus, lit. 'whale', from Ancient Greek: κῆτος, romanized: kētos, lit. 'huge fish') from which it was first isolated.
Kevin Racal
Kevin Kent Relato Racal (born May 16, 1991) is a Filipino professional basketball player who plays for the NLEX Road Warriors of the PBA. He is also a former collegiate player for the Letran Knights, helping them reach the NCAA Finals three times and winning one championship with them in 2015.

Meralco Bolts
The Meralco Bolts is a professional basketball team in the Philippine Basketball Association. The team began in 2010 after the Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) an MVP Group subsidiary acquired the PBA franchise of the Sta. Lucia Realtors.
Kondoma
The Kondoma (Russian: Ко́ндома; Shor: Қондум, romanized: Qondum) is a river in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. It is left tributary of the Tom. It is 392 kilometres (244 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 8,270 square kilometres (3,190 sq mi). The towns of Tashtagol, Osinniki and Kaltan are situated by the Kondoma. Its main tributaries are the Mundybash, Tesh, and Telbes rivers. It flows into the Tom in Novokuznetsk.

Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, romanized: Kemerovskaya oblastʹ, Russian pronunciation: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]), also known as Kuzbass (Russian: Кузба́сс, Russian pronunciation: [kʊzˈbas]), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Ectropina raychaudhurii
Ectropina raychaudhurii is a species of moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Tamil Nadu, India.

The wingspan is 5.3-6.6 mm.

The larvae feed on Phyllanthus niruri. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Law of noncontradiction
In logic, the law of noncontradiction (LNC; also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that for any given proposition, the proposition and its negation cannot both be simultaneously true, e.g., the proposition "the house is white" and its negation "the house is not white" are mutually exclusive.

To express the fact that the law is tenseless and to avoid equivocation, sometimes the law is amended to say "contradictory propositions cannot both be true 'at the same time and in the same sense'".

Formally, the law is expressed as the tautology ¬(p ∧ ¬p).  One reason to have this law is the principle of explosion, which states that anything follows from a contradiction, resulting in trivialism. The law is employed in a reductio ad absurdum proof. Paraconsistent logics are those logics which deny explosion.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.