hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hulda Regehr Clark
Hulda Regehr Clark (18 October 1928 – 3 September 2009) was a Canadian naturopath, author, and practitioner of alternative medicine. Clark claimed all human disease was related to parasitic infection, and also claimed to be able to cure all diseases, including cancer and HIV/AIDS, by "zapping" them with electrical devices which she marketed. Clark wrote several books describing her methods and operated clinics in the United States. Following a string of lawsuits and eventual action by the Federal Trade Commission, she relocated to Tijuana, Mexico, where she ran the Century Nutrition clinic.

Clark's claims and devices have been dismissed by authorities, ranging from the United States Federal Trade Commission and Food and Drug Administration to CAM figures such as Andrew Weil, as scientifically unfounded, "bizarre", and potentially fraudulent. Clark died 3 September 2009 from blood and bone cancer.

The San Diego Union-Tribune
The San Diego Union-Tribune is a metropolitan daily newspaper published in San Diego, California, that has run since 1868. Its name derives from what were San Diego's two major daily newspapers, the morning San Diego Union and the San Diego Evening Tribune, which had the same publisher beginning in 1901 and were frequently referred to collectively as the Union-Tribune; they were merged into a single edition under that name in 1992.

The name was changed to U-T San Diego in 2012 but returned to The San Diego Union-Tribune in 2015.

In 2015, the newspaper was acquired by Tribune Publishing. In February 2018, it was announced it would be sold, along with the Los Angeles Times, to Patrick Soon-Shiong's investment firm Nant Capital LLC for $500 million plus $90 million in pension liabilities. The sale was completed on June 18, 2018. In July 2023, Soon-Shiong sold the paper to Digital First Media, a company owned by Alden Global Capital.
The Forever War
The Forever War (1974) is a military science fiction novel by American author Joe Haldeman, telling the contemplative story about human soldiers fighting an interstellar war against an alien civilization known as the Taurans. It won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1975 and the Hugo and Locus awards in 1976. Forever Free (1999) and Forever Peace (1997) are, respectively, direct and thematic sequel novels. The novella A Separate War (1999) is another sequel of sorts, occurring simultaneously with the final portion of The Forever War. Informally, the novels comprise The Forever War series; the novel also inspired a comic book and a board game. The Forever War is the first title in the SF Masterworks series.

Locus Award for Best Novel
Winners of the Locus Award for Best Novel, one of several discontinued Locus Awards, awarded by Locus magazine. Awards presented in a given year are for works published in the previous calendar year.

The award for Best Novel was presented from 1971 (when the awards began) to 1979. Since 1980, awards have been presented for Best Science Fiction Novel and Best Fantasy Novel.
Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.

Rail transport operations
Rail transport operations are the day-to-day operations of a railway. A railway has two major components: the infrastructure (the permanent way, tracks, stations, freight facilities, viaducts, tunnels, etc.) and the rolling stock (the passenger coaches, locomotives, freight cars, etc.)

Ownership and operation of these two components varies by location. In some places (notably, most of North America) private railway companies own and operate both the infrastructure and rolling stock (for example, Union Pacific). In the United Kingdom, the infrastructure is owned and maintained by Network Rail while rolling stock is largely owned and operated by private railway companies. In countries with nationalized rail systems such as China and France, both the infrastructure and rolling stock are owned and operated directly or indirectly by the national government.
Menegazzia foraminulosa
Menegazzia foraminulosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen that is endemic to New Zealand. The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 1876 by August von Krempelhuber. Friedrich Bitter transferred it to the genus Menegazzia in 1901. The species contains several lichen products, including depsides (atranorin and chloroatranorin), depsidones (stictic acid, constictic acid, norstictic acid, and menegazziaic acids), as well as fatty acids and pigments.

Chloroatranorin
Chloroatranorin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C19H17ClO8.  It is a secondary metabolite produced by a variety of lichens and is a member of the depside class of compounds.  It was first isolated from the oakmoss Evernia prunastri and characterized in 1934. It is the most common chlorine-containing depside in lichens, and has been identified in dozens of lichen species.

It is a chlorinated derivative of atranorin and the two are frequently found together in the same source. Ramault and colleagues described an improved method to separate the two compounds using thin-layer chromatography.
Caoutchouc (painting)
Caoutchouc (English: Rubber) is a painting created circa 1909 by the French artist Francis Picabia. At the crossroads of Cubism and Fauvism, Caoutchouc is considered one of the first abstract works in Western painting. The painting is in the collection of Centre Pompidou, Musée National d'Art Moderne, in Paris.

Robert Delaunay
Robert Delaunay (French: [ʁɔbɛʁ dəlonɛ]; 12 April 1885 – 25 October 1941) was a French artist of the School of Paris movement; who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, co-founded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. His later works were more abstract. His key influence related to the bold use of colour and a clear love of experimentation with both depth and tone.
Michiaki Kamochi
Michiaki Kamochi (賀持 道明, Kamochi Michiaki, born 1970) is a retired Japanese judoka.

Kamochi is from Warabi, Saitama. He began Sumo at the age of 3rd grader and won the championship consecutively for six years. He also began judo at his junior high school days and when he was a student of Nihon University, he was trained by former world champion, Chonosuke Takagi.

In 1991, he participated in the World Championships held in Barcelona. He also participated Asian Championships in Osaka and won a gold medal at the half-heavyweight category.

Kamochi belonged to JRA after graduation from university in 1992. He retired in 1999 after All-Japan Teams Championships.

Japan Racing Association
The Japan Racing Association (Japanese: 日本中央競馬会 Nippon Chūō Keiba Kai, or JRA) is a public company established in Japan under a law to operate Chūō Keiba (中央競馬 Central horse racing) and to manage racecourses, betting facilities, and horse-training facilities in the country.

It was founded in 1954, according to the Horse Racing Law (競馬法 Keiba Hō) and the Japan Racing Association Law (日本中央競馬会法 Nippon Chūō Keiba Kai Hō) and is operated under the strict oversight of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan).
Saint-Orens-de-Gameville
Saint-Orens-de-Gameville (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃tɔʁɛ̃s də ɡamvil], Occitan: Sent Orenç de Gamevila), also referred to as Saint-Orens, is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department, administrative region of Occitania, southwestern France.

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Edward Gray (tennis)
Edward H. Gray was an American tennis player active in the late 19th century.

Gray reached the semifinals of the first two U.S. National Championships in 1881 and 1882. He also reached the semifinals of the 1880 Championships of America.

1882 U.S. National Championships – Singles
Defending champion Richard Sears defeated Clarence Clark in the final, 6–1, 6–4, 6–0 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1882 U.S. National Championships. Except for the final, each match was played on the best of three sets. Winner of a set was the player who won six games first, no two-games advantage was required. Participation was restricted to U.S. citizens only.
Peter Stuyvesant (merchant)
Petrus "Peter" Stuyvesant (October 13, 1727 – October 7, 1805) was a New York landowner and merchant. He was a member of the Stuyvesant family, and his namesake great-grandfather Peter Stuyvesant served as the last Dutch Director-General of New Amsterdam.

Wilhelmus Beekman
Wilhelmus Hendricksen Beekman (April 28, 1623 – September 21, 1707) – also known as William Beekman and Willem Beekman (or Beeckman) – was a Dutch emigrant who came to New Amsterdam (now New York City) from the Netherlands on May 27, 1647 in the same vessel, Princess, with Director-General and later Governor Peter Stuyvesant.

Beekman soon became Treasurer of the Dutch West India Company, beginning a long life in public service that included being Mayor of New York City, Governor of Delaware (1653–1664),  and Governor of Pennsylvania (1658–1663).

He is the progenitor of the Beekman family in America.
Duncan Matthews (rugby union)
Duncan Victor Matthews (born 24 February 1994) is a South African rugby union player for the Golden Lions in the Currie Cup. He also plays for the Seattle Seawolves in Major League Rugby (MLR) in the United States. He can play as a fullback, winger or centre.

Seattle Seawolves
The Seattle Seawolves are an American professional rugby union team based in the Seattle metropolitan area that competes in Major League Rugby (MLR). The team was founded in 2017. The Seawolves won two MLR championships in 2018 and 2019, and lost in the 2022 final and 2024 final. They play home matches at the 4,000-seat main stadium at Starfire Sports in Tukwila, a suburb south of Seattle.
October incident
The October incident (十月事件, Jūgatsu Jiken), also known as the Imperial Colors incident (錦旗革命事件, Kinki Kakumei Jiken), was an abortive coup d'état attempt in the Empire of Japan on 21 October 1931, launched by the Sakurakai secret society within the Imperial Japanese Army, aided by civilian ultranationalist groups.

Sadao Araki
Baron  Sadao Araki  (荒木 貞夫, Araki Sadao; May 26, 1877 – November 2, 1966) was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II. As one of the principal nationalist right-wing political theorists in the Empire of Japan, he was regarded as the leader of the radical faction within the politicized Imperial Japanese Army and served as Minister of War under Prime Minister Inukai. He later served as Minister of Education during the Konoe and Hiranuma administrations.

After World War II, he was convicted of war crimes and given a life sentence but was released in 1955.
Maciej Popowicz
Maciej Popowicz (born 1984) – creator of nasza-klasa.pl, the Polish version of social networking site Classmates.com and student of computer science at University of Wrocław. He became one of the youngest Polish millionaires, after he sold 20% of shares of nasza-klasa.pl (20,000,000 zlotys, about $6,300,000, €4,500,000, £3,850,000) to German venture capital fund, European Founders in 2007. In 2008 Estonian fund Forticom bought 70% of shares of nasza-klasa.pl, with estimated worth 175,000,000 zlotys (about $55,000,000, €39,000,000, £34,000,000). In 2007 he got the Człowiek Roku Polskiego Internetu (Person of the Year of Polish Internet) prize.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Digging bar
A digging bar is a long, straight metal bar used for various purposes, including as a post hole digger, to break up or loosen hard or compacted materials such as soil, rock, concrete and ice or as a lever to move objects. Known by other names depending structural features and intended purpose such as a hop bar or locale, such as "crowbar" in Australia and New Zealand, and slate bar, shale bar, spud bar, pinch point bar or San Angelo bar in North America, or just a bar. In Canada, it is often called pry bar.

Post hole digger
A post hole clam-shell digger, also called post hole pincer or simply post hole digger, is a tool used to dig holes in the ground, typically from a few inches to a about a foot in diameter, for general purposes such as setting fence and sign posts, or planting saplings.
Symbols (album)
The ninth studio album by German industrial band KMFDM, titled with a set of five unpronounceable, non-alphabetic symbols (💥☠️💣🌀👊) and commonly known as Symbols, was released on 23 September 1997 by Wax Trax! Records. In some media markets, it is simply referred to as KMFDM.

Sascha Konietzko
Sascha Kegel Konietzko (born 21 June 1961), also known as Sascha K and Käpt'n K, is a German musician and record producer. He is the founder, frontman and "anchor" of the industrial band KMFDM. Konietzko jokingly purports himself to be the father of industrial rock. Keyboard Magazine wrote of him, "You won't find a more imaginative or effective keyboardist on the hard-core scene."
Zoltán
Zoltán (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈzoltaːn]) is a Hungarian masculine given name. The name days for this name are 8 March and 23 June in Hungary, and 7 April in Slovakia. "Zoli" is the short version of Zoltán. "Zoli" is commonly used.

Zoltána is the feminine version.

The name is derived from the Turkish word "sultan" which comes from Arabic "سلطان".

Mercury (programming language)
Mercury is a functional logic programming language made for real-world uses. The first version was developed at the University of Melbourne, Computer Science department, by Fergus Henderson, Thomas Conway, and Zoltan Somogyi, under Somogyi's supervision, and released on April 8, 1995.

Mercury is a purely declarative logic programming language. It is related to both Prolog and Haskell. It features a strong, static, polymorphic type system, and a strong mode and determinism system.

The official implementation, the Melbourne Mercury Compiler, is available for most Unix and Unix-like platforms, including Linux, macOS, and for Windows.
Death and the Compass
"Death and the Compass" (original Spanish title: "La muerte y la brújula") is a short story by Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986). Published in Sur in May 1942, it was included in the 1944 collection Ficciones. It was translated into English by Anthony Kerrigan and published in New Mexico Quarterly (Autumn 1954). A new translation, by Donald A. Yates, was published in Labyrinths (short story collection), New Directions, 1962.

In the story, a detective, Erik Lönnrot, attempts to solve a mysterious series of murders which seem to follow a kabbalistic pattern. Appearances are misleading, however. By following what seem to be clues, the detective falls victim to his belief in abstract reason and to the man whom he presumes to be a criminal mastermind. In this way, "Death and the Compass" both observes and inverts the conventions of detective fiction. Literary critic Harold Bloom named it his favorite story by Borges.

University of New Mexico Press
The University of New Mexico Press (UNMP) is a university press at the University of New Mexico. It was founded in 1929 and published pamphlets for the university in its early years before expanding into quarterlies and books. Its administrative offices are in the Office of Research (Building 26), on the campus of UNM in Albuquerque.

The University of New Mexico Press specializes in scholarly and trade books on subjects including Southwestern and Western American history and literature, archaeology and anthropology, Latin American and border studies, Native American studies, travel and recreation, and children's books. UNM Press publishes the Dialagos Series in Latin American Studies, the Mary Burritt Christiansen Poetry Series, and the Barbara Guth Worlds of Wonder Science Series for Young Readers.

Domestic distribution for the press is currently provided by the University of North Carolina Press's Longleaf Services.
MLW Genesis
Genesis was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on June 15, 2002 at the Viking Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the inaugural event by MLW and featured an eight-man single elimination tournament to crown the inaugural World Heavyweight Champion.

Nine professional wrestling matches were taped at the event with seven matches of the World Heavyweight Championship tournament being televised. The tournament concluded with Shane Douglas defeating Taiyo Kea and Vampiro in a three-way match in the finals of the tournament to win the title.

Card (sports)
In sports, a card lists the matches taking place in a title match combat-sport event. Cards include a main event match and the undercard listing the rest of the matches. The undercard may be divided into a midcard and a lower card, according to the perceived importance of the matches.  Promoters schedule matches to occur in ascending order of importance.
Caziel
Caziel (born Kazimierz Józef Zielenkiewicz; 16 June 1906 – 25 August 1988) was a Polish artist who lived and worked in Paris during the inter-war period and who worked alongside a number of important figures of the School of Paris, including Pablo Picasso and the art dealer  Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler.

Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (25 June 1884 – 11 January 1979) was a German-born art collector, and one of the most notable French art dealers of the 20th century. He became prominent as an art gallery owner in Paris beginning in 1907 and was among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and the Cubist movement in art.
Birr railway station
Birr railway station (German: Bahnhof Birr) is a railway station in the municipality of Birr, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Brugg–Hendschiken line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Aargau S-Bahn
The Aargau S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Aargau or S-Bahnen Aargau) is an S-Bahn-style regional rail network serving the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, with some services extending into the cantons of Bern, Lucerne, Solothurn and Zug and one service to the German city of Waldshut-Tiengen. It operates within the A-Welle tariff network.
Míl Espáine
In Irish origin myths, Míl Espáine or Míl Espáne (later Latinized as Milesius) is the mythical ancestor of the final inhabitants of Ireland, the "sons of Míl" or Milesians, who represent the vast majority of the Irish Gaels. His father was Bile, son of Breogan. Modern historians believe he is a creation of medieval Irish Christian writers.

Historia Brittonum
The History of the Britons (Latin: Historia Brittonum) is a purported history of early Britain written around 829-30 that survives in numerous recensions from after the 11th century. The Historia Brittonum is commonly attributed to Nennius, as some recensions have a preface written in that name. Some experts have dismissed the Nennian preface as a late forgery and argued that the work was actually an anonymous compilation.
Angereb River
13°9′5.76″N 37°50′16.8″E﻿ / ﻿13.1516000°N 37.838000°E﻿ / 13.1516000; 37.838000

The Angereb also known as the Bahr as-Salam is a river of Ethiopia and eastern Sudan, and one of the sources of the Nile. It rises near Daqwa, north of the city of Gondar in the Amhara Region, flowing west to join the Atbarah River. The historic district of Armachiho is located along its course.

The Angereb dam, commissioned in 1997, was intended to address the town's potable water supply problem for 25 years. The Angereb reservoir and two boreholes are the main sources of water for the town, with a combined average production capacity of 8,298 m3/day.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Simtravel
Simtravel of Thai Duong Store  is a Russian trademark that sells international tourist SIM cards with a single international mobile number intended for calls and Internet in roaming in more than 200 countries across the globe.

Roaming
Roaming is a wireless telecommunication term typically used with mobile devices, such as mobile phones. It refers to a mobile phone being used outside the range of its native network and connecting to another available cell network.
Tự Đức Thông Bảo
Tự Đức Thông Bảo (chữ Hán: 嗣德通寶) was an inscription used on different coins made from various metals and alloys during the reign of Emperor Tự Đức. The coinage of Tự Đức saw the introduction of the term văn (文) which was an accounting unit used for copper-alloy cash coins denominating their worth in number of zinc cash coins with a weight of 6 phần.

These coins circulated alongside another series of issued under Emperor Tự Đức, the Tự Đức Bảo Sao.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
M. Arumugham
M. Arumugham is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Valparai constituency. He represented the Communist Party of India.

The elections of 2016 resulted in his constituency being won by V. Kasthuri Vasu.

Valparai Assembly constituency
10°19′39″N 76°57′19″E﻿ / ﻿10.327556°N 76.955271°E﻿ / 10.327556; 76.955271

Valparai is a legislative assembly in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, which includes the city of Valparai. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 124. Valparai Assembly constituency is part of Pollachi Lok Sabha constituency. This seat is reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.