hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Harbeson
James Harbeson was an early American settler and founder of Harbeson's Station, now Perryville, Kentucky.

During the final stages of the American Revolution, Harbeson and a group of settlers crossed the blue mountains of Virginia into the Bluegrass region of Kentucky. Finding a suitable site alongside the Chaplin River, the settlers built a fort next to a spring and cave. Local legend holds that Harbeson disappeared after failing to reach the cave, which was used for defense against hostile Indians; his head, however, was discovered about a mile from the fort, likely severed in an attack. Dr. Jefferson J. Polk, physician to 19th century Perryville, relates in his autobiography that Harbeson's wife then "took the head and managed to keep it in a complete state of preservation for many years."

Chaplin River
The Chaplin River is an 85.6-mile-long (137.8 km) tributary of the Beech Fork of the Salt River in the U.S. state of Kentucky.

The name comes from Captain Abraham Chapline, an early explorer of the area.

The river's headwaters begin on the knob edges of the Pennyroyal Plateau near Parksville, Kentucky and the Parksville Knob, flow in parallel with the Salt River proper through the hilly Eden Shale belt and ending at the Beech Fork of the Salt River near the town of Chaplin. The river flows through the counties of Washington, Mercer, and Boyle.

The river flows through the middle of Perryville, the site of an 1862 American Civil War battle. The stream was a strategic natural resource used by both the Union and Confederate armies, though the river is but a large stream at this point in its journey.
The Old Master Painter
"The Old Master Painter" is a song composed by Beasley Smith with lyrics by Haven Gillespie about a spiritual rendering of a sunset which evokes God. Published in 1949, it has since been recorded by many different artists, including Jackie Paris, Richard Hayes, Dick Haymes, Frank Sinatra, Snooky Lanson, Peggy Lee, Phil Harris and Mel Tormé.

In 1966, the Beach Boys recorded the song as "My Only Sunshine" in medley with "You Are My Sunshine" during sessions for their unfinished concept album Smile.

Peggy Lee
Norma Deloris Egstrom (May 26, 1920 – January 21, 2002), known professionally as Peggy Lee, was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, and actress whose career spanned seven decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman's big band, Lee created a sophisticated persona, writing music for films, acting, and recording conceptual record albums combining poetry and music. Called the "Queen of American pop music", Lee recorded more than 1,100 masters and co-wrote more than 270 songs. She is best known for her role in the Walt Disney classic Lady and the Tramp, where she voiced Darling, Peg, and the Siamese cats, among others. She received an Academy Award nomination for her role in the 1955 film Pete Kelly's Blues.
Bundesautobahn 23
Bundesautobahn 23 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 23, short form Autobahn 23, abbreviated as BAB 23 or A 23) is an autobahn in Germany. It runs largely parallel to the Bundesstraße 5; its main purpose is to connect the hinterland of Hamburg. North of Heide, the A 23 becomes B 5 and connects Eiderstedt, Husum and the ferries to the islands of Nordfriesland to the autobahn network.

Husum
Husum (German pronunciation: [ˈhuːzʊm] ⓘ; North Frisian: Hüsem) is the capital of the Kreis (district) Nordfriesland in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The town was the birthplace of the novelist Theodor Storm, who coined the epithet "the grey town by the sea". It is also the home of the annual international piano festival Raritäten der Klaviermusik founded in 1987.
Generative lexicon
Generative lexicon (GL) is a theory of linguistic semantics which focuses on the distributed nature of compositionality in natural language. The first major work outlining the framework is James Pustejovsky's 1991 article "The Generative Lexicon". Subsequent important developments are presented in Pustejovsky and Boguraev (1993), Bouillon (1997), and Busa (1996). The first unified treatment of GL was given in Pustejovsky (1995). Unlike purely verb-based approaches to compositionality, generative lexicon attempts to spread the semantic load across all constituents of the utterance. Central to the philosophical perspective of GL are two major lines of inquiry: (1) How is it that we are able to deploy a finite number of words in our language in an unbounded number of contexts? (2) Is lexical information and the representations used in composing meanings separable from our commonsense knowledge?

Principle of compositionality
In semantics, mathematical logic and related disciplines, the principle of compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them. The principle is also called Frege's principle, because Gottlob Frege is widely credited for the first modern formulation of it. However, the principle has never been explicitly stated by Frege, and arguably it was already assumed by George Boole decades before Frege's work.

The principle of compositionality (also known as semantic compositionalism) is highly debated in linguistics. Among its most challenging problems there are the issues of contextuality, the non-compositionality of idiomatic expressions, and the non-compositionality of quotations.
Mazowsze, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Mazowsze [maˈzɔfʂɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czernikowo, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is located in the historic Dobrzyń Land.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), Mazowsze was one of the sites of executions of Poles, carried out by the Germans in 1939 as part of the Intelligenzaktion.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Utah Museum of Fine Arts
The Utah Museum of Fine Arts (UMFA) is a state and university art museum located in downtown Salt Lake City on the University of Utah campus. Housed in the Marcia and John Price Museum Building near Rice-Eccles Stadium, the museum holds a permanent collection of nearly 20,000 art objects. Works of art are displayed on a rotating basis.

Rice–Eccles Stadium
Rice–Eccles Stadium is an outdoor college football stadium located on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah. It is the home field of the Utah Utes of the Big 12 Conference. It was built to serve as the stadium for the Opening and Closing ceremonies of 2002 Winter Olympics, a role it is expected to reprise for the 2034 Winter Olympics.

The FieldTurf playing field runs in the traditional north-south configuration at an elevation of 4,637 feet (1,413 m) above sea level, 400 feet (120 m) above downtown Salt Lake City.
Hugh of Rouergue
Hugh (died 1054) was the Count of Rouergue and Gévaudan from 1008 to his death. He was the son and successor of Raymond II and he inherited suzerainty over neighbouring counties (Agde, Béziers, Uzès) and over Narbonne.

In 1016, Hugh sold his rights over the Archdiocese of Narbonne.  In 1035, he sold certain allodial lands to his viscount, Berengar.  In January 1051, Hugh donated the church of Tribons to the abbey of Conques for the sake of his father's soul. He married Fides (also Fe or Foy), daughter of Wilfred II of Cerdanya, to whom he had sold the archdiocese in 1016. They had two daughters, the elder of which, Bertha, inherited Rouergue and Gévaudan, but lost suzerainty over the other territories to William IV of Toulouse.  She married Robert II of Auvergne while her younger sister, Fides, married Bernard, Viscount of Narbonne.

Uzès
Uzès (French pronunciation: [y.zɛs]; Occitan: Usès) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Uzès lies about 25 kilometres (16 miles) north-northeast of Nîmes, 40 kilometres (25 miles) west of Avignon, and 32 kilometres (20 miles) southeast of Alès.
Twenty Twenty Television
Twenty Twenty Television is a British television production company that joined the Shed Media Group (now Warner Bros. Television Productions UK) in September 2007. The company produces documentaries, current affairs, drama, living history, and children's television.

Cutting Edge (TV series)
Cutting Edge is a British TV documentary series broadcast by Channel 4. It had been Channel 4's flagship documentary series between 19 February 1990 and 26 October 2017 that focused on political and social issues.
South Dakota's 2nd congressional district
South Dakota's 2nd congressional district is an obsolete district. It was created after the 1910 census and was eliminated as a result of the redistricting cycle after the 1980 census. Members were elected at-large until the formation of individual districts after the 1910 census. From 1913 until 1933, it covered much of northeastern South Dakota, including the cities of Aberdeen, Brookings, Huron, and Watertown. When South Dakota's 3rd congressional district was eliminated after the 1930 census, the 2nd district was relocated to cover all of the counties in South Dakota west of the Missouri River. Population changes eventually moved its boundaries further east. During the 97th Congress, it covered all but the 21 easternmost counties in the state.

Huron, South Dakota
Huron is a city in and the county seat of Beadle County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 14,263 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 14,515 in 2024, making it the eighth-most populous city in South Dakota.
Hukbalahap rebellion
The Hukbalahap rebellion was a rebellion staged in the Philippines by former Hukbalahap or Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (lit. 'People's Anti-Japanese Army') soldiers against the Philippine government. It started in 1946 after the independence of the Philippines from the United States, and ended in 1954 under the presidency of Ramon Magsaysay.

Central Luzon
Central Luzon (Tagalog: Gitnang Luzon; Kapampangan: Kalibudtarang Luzon; Sambal: Botlay a Luzon; Pangasinan: Pegley a Luzon; Ilocano: Tengnga a Luzon), designated as Region III, is an administrative region in the Philippines. The region comprises seven provinces: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga (with its capital, City of San Fernando serving as the regional center), Tarlac, and Zambales; and two highly urbanized cities, Angeles and Olongapo. San Jose del Monte is the most populous city in the region. The region contains the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply, earning itself the nickname "Rice Granary of the Philippines". It is also the region to have the most number of provinces.
Lucuma
Lucuma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sapotaceae. It includes 19 species native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, from Mexico and Florida to southern Brazil and northern Chile. The canistel (L. campechiana), and the lúcuma (L. bifera) are cultivated for their edible fruits.

Pouteria campechiana
Pouteria campechiana (commonly known as the cupcake fruit, eggfruit, zapote amarillo, yellow sapote or canistel) is an evergreen tree native to, and cultivated in, southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and El Salvador. It is cultivated in other countries, such as India, Costa Rica, Brazil, the United States, the Dominican Republic, Australia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Cameroon and the Philippines. The edible part of the tree is its fruit, which is colloquially known as an egg fruit.

The canistel grows up to 10 m (33 ft) high, and produces orange-yellow fruit up to 7 cm (3 in) long, which are edible raw. Canistel flesh is sweet, with a texture often compared to that of a hard-boiled egg yolk, hence its colloquial name "eggfruit". It is closely related to the lúcuma, mamey sapote, and abiu.
CANTAT-2
CANTAT-2 was the second Canadian transatlantic telephone cable,
in operation from 1974 to 1992.
It could carry 1,840 simultaneous telephone calls
between Beaver Harbour, Nova Scotia and England. The parties involved were Canadian Overseas Telecommunication Corporation (now Teleglobe) and the British General Post Office. The cable was rerouted to Sable Island and renamed SITIFOG 2000 for a period, and was eventually decommissioned.

The work on the U.K. end of the cable involved an accident in which Pisces III, engaged in repeater burial of the newly laid cable on the shelf off Ireland, sank. The submersible sank in 1,575 ft (480.1 m) of water and was recovered with the crew safe after 76 hours.

Sable Island
Sable Island (French: île de Sable, literally "island of sand") is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, about 300 kilometres (160 nmi) southeast of Halifax, Canada, and about 175 kilometres (95 nmi) southeast of the closest point of mainland Nova Scotia. The island is staffed year-round by  employees of Canada's National Parks agency, Parks Canada. The number of people on Sable Island fluctuates throughout the year, rising during the summer months when the island is frequented by researchers and an increased staff complement. Notable for its role in early Canadian history and the Sable Island horse, the island is protected and managed by Parks Canada, which must grant permission prior to any visit. Sable Island is part of District 7 of the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia. The island is also a protected National Park Reserve and an Important Bird Area.
Ohio's 52nd House of Representatives district
Ohio's 52nd House of Representatives district is currently represented by Republican Gayle Manning. It is located entirely within Lorain County and includes the cities of Avon, Elyria, and North Ridgeville.

Gayle Manning
Gayle Manning (born March 2, 1950) is a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving since 2019. Formerly, she was a member of the Ohio Senate, serving the 13th district from 2011 to 2018. Manning also taught elementary school students in North Olmsted City Schools for 37 years, winning numerous awards and citations for her accomplishments in education. She was named Educator of the Year by the North Olmsted Council of PTA and received the Teacher in American Enterprise Award from the Ohio Council on Economic Education.
KPST-FM
KPST-FM (103.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Coachella, California and serving the Palm Springs Area.  Owned by Entravision Communications, it airs a Bilingual Rhythmic CHR format branded as "Fuego 103.5". The station's studios and sales offices are located in Palm Desert, while the transmitter is located in a mountain range east of Mecca, and within proximity to Interstate 10. The station is unusual in having its programming relayed onto a digital television station, using PSIP channel 41.6 on KVER-CD to distribute its programming instead of having an HD Radio transmitter.

Interstate 10
Interstate 10 (I-10) is the southernmost transcontinental highway in the Interstate Highway System of the United States. It is the fourth-longest Interstate in the country at 2,460.34 miles (3,959.53 km), following I-90, I-80, and I-40. It was part of the originally planned Interstate Highway network that was laid out in 1956, and its last section was completed in 1990.

I-10 stretches from the Pacific Ocean at State Route 1 (SR 1, Pacific Coast Highway) in Santa Monica, California, to I-95 in Jacksonville, Florida. Other major cities connected by I-10 include (from west to east) Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tucson, Las Cruces, El Paso, San Antonio, Houston, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Mobile, Pensacola, and Tallahassee. Over one-third of its total length is within the state of Texas, where the freeway spans the state at its widest breadth.
Horst Wendlandt
Horst Otto Gregor Wendlandt (15 March 1922 – 30 August 2002) was a German film producer. He produced more than 100 films between 1956 and 2002.

In the 1960s Horst Wendlandt's production company Rialto Film produced films based on Edgar Wallace and Karl May, mostly directed by Alfred Vohrer or Harald Reinl. In 1971 Horst Wendlandt founded the film distribution company Tobis Film (named after the old Tobis Film). Tobis was very successful in the 1970s with European films with Jean-Paul Belmondo, Louis de Funès, Terence Hill and Bud Spencer, also with Dino De Laurentiis-productions like Death Wish, Mandingo and King Kong.

Alfred Vohrer
Alfred Vohrer (29 December 1914 – 3 February 1986) was a German film director and actor. He directed 48 films between 1958 and 1984. His 1969 film Seven Days Grace was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1972 film Tears of Blood was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1974 film Only the Wind Knows the Answer was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival.
Tokyo Chemical Industry
Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI) is a Japanese manufacturer of research chemicals, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1894, the company specializes in chemical reagents and also provides custom synthesis and bulk chemical production services. TCI operates internationally, with subsidiaries and manufacturing facilities across Asia, Europe, and North America.

Its products are used in a range of scientific disciplines, including academic research, pharmaceuticals, materials science, and life sciences.

Commodity chemical
Commodity chemicals (or bulk commodities or bulk chemicals) are a group of chemicals that are made on a very large scale to satisfy global markets. The average prices of commodity chemicals are regularly published in the chemical trade magazines and web sites such as Chemical Week and ICIS. There have been several studies of the scale and complexity of this market for example in the USA.

Commodity chemicals are a sub-sector of the chemical industry (other sub sectors are fine chemicals, specialty chemicals, inorganic chemicals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, renewable energy (e.g. biofuels) and materials (e.g. biopolymers)). Commodity chemicals are differentiated primarily by the bulk of their manufacture.
2025 Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup
The 2025 Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup (Turkish: 2025 Erkekler Basketbol Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası) was the 38th edition of the Turkish Basketball Presidential Cup. The game was played on 24 September 2025 at Sinan Erdem Dome between Fenerbahçe Beko, champions of the 2024–25 Basketbol Süper Ligi, also winners of the 2025 Turkish Basketball Cup and Beşiktaş Gain, runners-up of the 2024–25 Basketbol Süper Ligi.

Fenerbahçe won 7 championship in their 18 final appearance, while Beşiktaş played a total of 2 President's Cup finals and won only 1 of them.

Fenerbahçe won the game 85-83 for their 8th title. They also won their 4th major trophy in 2025 (after winning Turkish Super League, Turkish Cup and EuroLeague), to become the first Turkish team to win 4 major trophies in one calendar year.

2025 Turkish Basketball Cup
The 2025 Turkish Basketball Cup (Turkish: 2025 Basketbol Erkekler Türkiye Kupası), also known as ING Erkekler Türkiye Kupası for sponsorship reasons, was the 38th edition of Turkey's top-tier level professional national domestic basketball cup competition. The quarterfinals of tournament will be hold from 11 and 12 February 2025 in 4 different locations, followed by the semi-finals and the final held from 14 to 16 February 2025 at the 11 Nisan Spor Salonu in Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
Alfred Downward
Alfred Downward (c. 1847 – 26 June 1930) was an Australian politician.

Born in Melbourne to Edward and Elizabeth Downward, he was educated at Prahran and Mornington before working on his father's Balnarring sheep farm. From 1874, he had his own property and was highly involved in settlement on the Mornington Peninsula. In 1879, he married Josephine Kerr at Hawthorn, with whom he had seven children.

He was a member of Flinders and Kangerong Shire Council for twenty-five years, serving as president from 1890 to 1892, and was also a Mornington Shire Councillor and president.

He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Mornington in 1894, serving until 1929. He was Minister for Water Supply and Agriculture (1908–09), Minister of Mines, Forests and Public Health (1917–18), and Minister for Immigration (1924–27). Downward died in Mornington in 1930.

Electoral district of Mornington
The electoral district of Mornington is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. The electorate can be described as outer metropolitan and rural, including animal farming, grape production and wineries. The district is 155 square kilometres in area.

It was first created in 1859 when the Electoral district of Evelyn and Mornington was abolished and split in two. The district of Mornington initially included the entire Mornington Peninsula, Phillip Island and French Island.  Currently it includes Mornington, Mount Eliza, Mount Martha and Tuerong, and parts of Baxter and Moorooduc.

Mornington has been held by the Liberal Party since it was re-created in 1985. Since 2022, the member for Mornington is Chris Crewther, who previously held the overlapping federal seat of Dunkley from 2016 to 2019.
Nick Haywood
Nick Haywood is an Australian jazz double bassist, composer, and music educator in Melbourne.

He has worked with Don Burrows, Dale Barlow, Paul Grabowsky, Bernie McGann, and James Morrison, and with many international jazz musicians, including Nat Adderley, Buddy Greco, Kenny Kirkland, Claire Martin, Jack Parnell, Mark Murphy and Petra Haden. He has been featured on over 100 albums.

Nat Adderley
Nathaniel Carlyle Adderley (November 25, 1931 – January 2, 2000) was an American jazz trumpeter and composer. He was the younger brother of saxophonist Julian "Cannonball" Adderley, with whom he played for many years.

Adderley's composition "Work Song" (1960) is a jazz standard, and also became a success on the pop charts after singer Oscar Brown Jr. wrote lyrics for it.
Dunilovsky
Dunilovsky (Russian: Дуниловский) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Zavrazhskoye Rural Settlement, Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 500 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast
Nikolsky District (Russian: Нико́льский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District in the north, Vokhomsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the east, Pavinsky, Pyshchugsky, Mezhevskoy, and Kologrivsky Districts of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Babushkinsky District in the southwest, and with Nyuksensky District in the west. The area of the district is 7,476 square kilometers (2,886 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Nikolsk. Population: 22,414 (2010 census); 26,461 (2002 Census); 31,437 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nikolsk accounts for 38.0% of the district's total population.
2024 Campeonato Paraense finals
The 2024 Campeonato Paraense finals was the final that decided the 2024 Campeonato Paraense, the 112th season of the Campeonato Paraense. The final were contested between Remo and Paysandu.

Paysandu defeated Remo 3–1 on aggregate to win their 50th Campeonato Paraense title.

Paysandu Sport Club
Paysandu Sport Club, commonly referred to as Paysandu, is a Brazilian professional club based in Belém, Pará, founded on 2 February 1914. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, the third tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paraense, the top flight of the Pará state football league.