hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Black Friday (2005)
Black Friday was a massacre on 30 September 2005 in the towns of Tura and Williamnagar, in Meghalaya, India when police shot and killed 9 protesters during a protest against the state government's decision to transfer the education board from Tura to the state capital, Shillong. They were the single largest acts of violence in those towns since the Indian Independence Movement. The day became known locally as "Black Friday".

The decision of the state government to move the education board was extremely unpopular in the west of Meghalaya because the area is predominantly made up of members of the Garo tribe, whereas the east of the state (including Shillong) is mostly inhabited by members of the Khasi tribe. Protesters complained that the transfer meant that the west of Meghalaya would be bereft departments, given all were transferred east.

Tura, Meghalaya
Tura (IPA: ˈtʊərə) is a municipality in the West Garo Hills district of the Indian state of Meghalaya. One of the largest towns in Meghalaya, Tura is located in the foothills of the Nokrek range of Garo Hills. The climate in Tura is moderate throughout the year, and the town has many interesting and unexplored areas.

Tura is a cultural and administrative centre of the Garo tribe.  It is also the district headquarters of the West Garo Hills district. It is filled with small rivulets and green valleys. The principal languages are Garo and English. The city has four colleges and multiple secondary schools.
Chantal Pontbriand
Chantal Pontbriand (born 1951) is a Canadian curator and art critic whose work explores globalization and artistic heterogeneity. She has curated international contemporary art events: exhibitions, international festivals and international conferences, primarily in photography, video, performance, dance and multimedia installation.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Lyndsay Meyer
Lyndsay Meyer (born December 26, 1973) is an American ski mountaineer.

Maeyer was born in Minnetonka, Minnesota, and attended the Blake School, before she studied at Colgate University. She lives in Aspen, Colorado.

Colgate University
Colgate University is a private college in Hamilton, New York, United States. A liberal arts college, it was founded in 1819 as the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York and operated under that name until 1823, when it was renamed Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, often called Hamilton College (1823–1846), then Madison College (1846–1890), and its present name since 1890.

Colgate enrolls approximately 3,200 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree. The student body is 54% female and 46% male. Students participate in over 200 clubs and organizations. While Colgate offers an almost entirely undergraduate program, it also has a small graduate program leading to the Master of Arts in Teaching. The college competes in NCAA Division I sports and is part of the Patriot League athletic conference and ECAC Hockey.
Ezra Churchill Henniger
Ezra Churchill Henniger (July 6, 1873 – May 26, 1959) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1920 to 1924 from the electoral district of Grand Forks and then again from 1937 to 1941 from the electoral district of Grand Forks-Greenwood, a member of the Liberal party. He was an unsuccessful candidate in both the 1924 and 1941 provincial elections.

Grand Forks-Greenwood
Grand Forks-Greenwood was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia centred on the town of Grand Forks, in the Boundary Country between the Okanagan and Kootenay Countries. The riding first appeared in the 1924 election as the result of a merger of the former ridings of Greenwood and Grand Forks, and lasted until the 1963 election. As of 1966 the area was represented by Boundary-Similkameen. The same area is now part of West Kootenay-Boundary.
Haskin (surname)
Haskin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Byron Haskin (1899–1984), American director

Dewitt Clinton Haskin (c. 1824 – 1900), American engineer

Grant Haskin (born 1968), South African politician

Hudson Haskin (born 1998), American baseball player

John B. Haskin (1821–1895), American politician

Joseph A. Haskin (1818–1874), United States Army officer

Marvin Haskin (1930–2009), American physician and professor

Scott Haskin (born 1970), American basketball player

Steve Haskin (born 1947), American journalist and writer

William L. Haskin (1841–1931), United States Army officer

Dewitt Clinton Haskin
Col. Dewitt Clinton Haskin (circa 1824 – July 17, 1900) was an American engineer who developed the initial methods for construction of the first tunnels under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Manhattan.

In the late 1860s, Haskin gained experience in California on the construction of the California Pacific Railroad.

For the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad project, he founded the Hudson Tunnel Company in 1873, and began construction in 1874 by digging a shaft in Jersey City, New Jersey. He had patented a compressed air method for reducing cave-ins, but in 1880, 20 workers were killed in a blowout. Another blowout in 1881 and a gradual loss of funding halted the project in 1887. After a British firm worked on the project from 1889-1891, the lawyer William Gibbs McAdoo completed the project in 1908. (See Uptown Hudson Tubes.)
Canton of Marguerittes
The canton of Marguerittes is an administrative division of the Gard department, southern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Marguerittes.

It consists of the following communes:

Bouillargues

Caissargues

Garons

Manduel

Marguerittes

Poulx

Rodilhan

Garons
Garons is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

The Nîmes-Alès-Camargue-Cévennes Airport, also called "Garons Airport" is located very close to Garons, on the territory of the commune of Saint-Gilles.
Telus Open
The Telus Open was a golf tournament that was held in the Greater Montreal area in Quebec, Canada. First held in 2000 as the QuebecTel Open, it had one of the largest purses on the Canadian Tour and the biggest on the Quebec PGA Tour. It was held for the final time in 2002.

All three editions of the Telus sponsored tournament resulted in a tie at the end of the 72-holes of regulation play, necessitating sudden-death playoffs to determine the winners.

PGA Tour Canada
PGA Tour Canada, commonly referred to as the Canadian Tour, was a men's professional golf tour headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The United States–based PGA Tour took over operation of the tour on November 1, 2012, at which time it was renamed PGA Tour Canada. In 2015, Mackenzie Investments became the umbrella sponsor of the tour, branding it as the Mackenzie Tour-PGA Tour Canada.

PGA Tour Canada used to be one of three international PGA Tour-sanctioned tours, along with PGA Tour Latinoamérica and PGA Tour China (all now defunct). These tours provided access to the Korn Ferry Tour and are part of the path to the PGA Tour.

In April 2023, the PGA Tour announced that the 2023 PGA Tour Canada season would be the last, as from 2024 the tour would merge with PGA Tour Latinoamérica, creating PGA Tour Americas.
Elly de Waard
Elly de Waard (born September 8, 1940) is a Dutch poet.

She was born in Bergen and was educated at the Murmellius Gymnasium and the University of Amsterdam. From 1965 to 1984, she was a rock music critic for the Dutch daily newspaper de Volkskrant and the Dutch weekly magazine Vrij Nederland. She also served on a jury which awarded the Dutch Edison music awards in 1972. In 1978, de Waard published her first book of poems Afstand (Distance). She was a founding member of the Anna Bijns Foundation, which awards a prize to a Dutch female writer. She had a leading role in the group of women poets known as De Nieuwe Wilden (The New Savages).

De Volkskrant
De Volkskrant (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈvɔl(ə)kskrɑnt]; lit. 'The People's Paper'), stylized as de Volkskrant, is a Dutch daily morning newspaper. Founded in 1919, it has a nationwide circulation of about 250,000.

Formerly a leading centre-left Catholic broadsheet, de Volkskrant today is a medium-sized centrist compact. Pieter Klok is the current editor-in-chief.
Ahmaddin Abdul Rahman
Ahmaddin bin Haji Abdul Rahman (born April 1972) is the incumbent Minister of Home Affairs (MOHA) in Brunei since 2022, the former Deputy Minister of Finance and Economy (MoFE), and the chairman of both Royal Brunei Technical Services (RBTS) and Brunei Darussalam Central Bank (BDCB). In addition to serving on a number of government committees dealing with ease of doing business, corporatisation and public–private partnerships, manpower planning and employment, FDIs and downstream industries, and sukuk management, Ahmaddin currently sits on the boards of government-linked companies in a variety of sectors, including banking, medical, oil and gas, logistics, and real estate.

Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an ownership stake in a company, made by a foreign investor, company, or government from another country. More specifically, it describes a controlling ownership of an asset in one country by an entity based in another country. The magnitude and extent of control, therefore, distinguishes it from a foreign portfolio investment or foreign indirect investment. Foreign direct investment includes expanding operations or purchasing a company in the target country.
Octave Terrienne
Octave Marie Terrienne MSC (9 September 1902 – 4 March 1994) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the apostolic vicariate of the Gilbert Islands from 1937 until 1961, when Pierre Guichet succeeded him.

He was bishop of Menelaites (a titular see) from 1938 to 1961 as Vicar Apostolic of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. After building there the biggest church of the colony in 1936, Bishop Terrienne established the vicariate see in Tanaeang, on North Tabiteuea, instead of Ocean Island, headquarters of the British Colony, or Tarawa, the former capital, where it was transferred at the end of 1950s.

He was ordained Priest on 27 January 1929 and consecrated Bishop on 25 June 1938 at Nantes Cathedral. He was then the youngest Roman Catholic bishop at only 36.

Banaba
Banaba (/bəˈnɑːbə/; formerly Ocean Island) is an island of Kiribati in the Pacific Ocean. A solitary raised coral island west of the Gilbert Island Chain, it is the westernmost point of Kiribati, lying 185 miles (298 km) east of Nauru, which is also its nearest neighbour. It has an area of six square kilometres (2.3 sq mi), and the highest point on the island is also the highest point in Kiribati, at 81 metres (266 ft) in height. Along with Nauru and Makatea (French Polynesia), it is one of the important elevated phosphate-rich islands of the Pacific Ocean.
Eleodes armata
Eleodes armata, the armored stink beetle, is a species of desert stink beetle in the family Tenebrionidae. It is found in the western United States and Mexico in arid environments. It has spurs on all of its legs.

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
Jean-François Revel
Jean-François Revel (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa ʁəvɛl]; born Jean-François Ricard;  19 January 1924 – 30 April 2006) was a French  philosopher, journalist, and author.  A prominent public intellectual, Revel was a socialist in his youth but later became a prominent European proponent of classical liberalism and free market economics.  He was a member of the Académie française after June 1998.  He is best known for his book Without Marx or Jesus: The New American Revolution Has Begun, published in French in 1970.

Universidad Francisco Marroquín
Francisco Marroquín University (Spanish: Universidad Francisco Marroquín), also known by the abbreviation UFM, is a private, secular university in Guatemala City, Guatemala. It describes its mission as "to teach and disseminate the ethical, legal, and economic principles of a society of free and responsible persons."

Founded by Manuel Ayau, in an attempt to counter what he perceived as "socialist" ideology at other universities in the country, Universidad Francisco Marroquín is a libertarian university, and Milton Friedman once called it "one of the leading universities in Latin America."
The Turkish Cucumbers
The Turkish Cucumbers (German: Die türkischen Gurken) is a 1962 West German comedy film directed by Rolf Olsen and starring Gunther Philipp, Oskar Sima and Susi Nicoletti. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hertha Hareiter and Otto Pischinger.

Susi Nicoletti
Susi Nicoletti (3 September 1918 – 5 June 2005) was a Bavarian-born actress best remembered today for over 100 supporting roles mostly in comedy films. She was born as Susanne Emilie Luise Adele Habersack in Munich, but spent most of her childhood with her parents in Amsterdam. Back in Munich, she made her stage debut at age 13. Two years later she became a ballerina.

In the early 1930s she turned to cabaret. In 1939, she was offered her first film role. In 1940 she moved to Vienna, where she became a member of the Burgtheater. After her retirement in 1992 she continued her stage career at the  Theater in der Josefstadt. For decades, Nicoletti taught acting and dance at the prestigious Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna. Her husband, Ernst Haeussermann, was a theatre director.
Vaccenyl acetate
11-cis-Vaccenyl acetate (cVA) is a volatile chemical compound that acts as a pheromone in Drosophila and at least one species of longhorn beetle.  It is the acetate ester of vaccenyl alcohol.

The odorant receptor subunit Or67d was shown to be necessary for detection of cVA. Males that are mutant for Or67d start courting other males, whereas females that lack Or67d become less receptive towards males courting them.  The sensory neurons expressing Or67d send projections to the glomerulus DA1.  DA1 is one of the three glomeruli that is bigger in males than in females. Moreover, the projection neurons that connect to DA1 have sexually dimorphic arborizations in the higher brain centers (esp. lateral horn).

Sensory neuron
Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are in the nervous system which convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials. This process is called sensory transduction. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord.

The sensory information travels on the  afferent nerve fibers in a sensory nerve, to the brain via the spinal cord. Spinal nerves transmit external sensations via sensory nerves to the brain through the spinal cord. The stimulus can come from exteroreceptors outside the body, or interoreceptors inside the body.
Dhiren Shah
Dhiren Shah is a cardio-thoracic surgeon. He was the first doctor to have performed a heart transplant in Gujarat, India. He performed a bypass heart surgery on a 90 year old British man in Gujarat, making it the oldest patient to be performed in the state.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Timeline of the Hellenic Army
The Hellenic Army is the land force component of the Hellenic Armed Forces. It was officially founded in 1828 and still operates today as the main contributor to the Balkan Battle Group. This article details the history of the Hellenic Army in the form a of a timeline from its de facto founding to the modern day.

Balkan Battlegroup
The Balkan Battlegroup is an EU Battlegroup led by Greece. Originally referred to as HELBROC (an acronym of its first member States, namely HELlas, Bulgaria, ROmania, Cyprus), it consists of military units from Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Ukraine, North Macedonia, and Serbia. During its third and fourth standby period in the second half of 2011 and 2014, the Balkan Battlegroup was joined by Ukraine. Serbia signed its participation in 2016 and North Macedonia signed its participation in 2021.
Selapiu Island
Selapiu Island is an island of Papua New Guinea, located immediately south of the corner of New Hanover Island. According to the United States Naval Oceanographic Office, a "cylindrical concrete beacon, surmounted by a pole and a square, 23 feet (7 m) high, marks the south edge of the reef that extends from the east extremity of Selapiu Island." Its highest point is 409 feet (125 m).

Naval Oceanographic Office
The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), located at John C. Stennis Space Center in south Mississippi, is an echelon IV component of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (NMOC) and comprises approximately 1,000 civilian, military and contract personnel responsible for providing oceanographic products and services to all elements within the Department of Defense.
Stołowe Mountains National Park
Stołowe Mountains National Park (Polish: Park Narodowy Gór Stołowych), anglicized to Table Mountains National Park, is a national park in southwestern Poland. It comprises the Polish section of the Table Mountains (Góry Stołowe), which are part of the Sudetes range. It is located in Kłodzko County of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, at the border with the Czech Republic. Created in 1993, the park covers an area of 63.39 square kilometres (24.48 sq mi), of which forests account for 57.79 km2. The area of strict protection is 3.76 km2.

Kłodzko County
Kłodzko County (Polish: powiat kłodzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998.

The county covers an area of 1,643 square kilometres (634 sq mi); its territory almost exactly corresponds to the former Bohemian, later Prussian, County of Kladsko. It is located in a panhandle called Kłodzko Panhandle. The county's administrative seat is the town of Kłodzko; the other towns are: Duszniki-Zdrój, Nowa Ruda, Polanica-Zdrój, Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Kudowa-Zdrój, Lądek-Zdrój, Międzylesie, Radków, Stronie Śląskie and Szczytna. (The suffix Zdrój appearing in several of these names means "spa".)

As of 2019 the total population of the county was 158,600.
Top Chef: San Francisco
Top Chef: San Francisco, originally titled simply as Top Chef, is the first season of the American reality television series Top Chef. It was first filmed in San Francisco, California, before concluding in Las Vegas, Nevada. The season premiered on March 8, 2006, and ended on May 24, 2006. The show featured chefs from around the United States living together in one house and competing in a series of culinary challenges. The prizes for the winner of the competition included a feature in Food & Wine Magazine, a showcase at the annual Food & Wine Classic in Aspen, Colorado, a Kenmore Elite kitchen set, and US$100,000. The series was hosted by Katie Lee Joel, in her only season as host, and judged by chef Tom Colicchio and food writer Gail Simmons. In the season finale, Harold Dieterle was declared the winner over runner-up Tiffani Faison.

Kenmore (brand)
Kenmore is an American brand of household appliances, cookware, floorcare, grills, HVAC equipment and other home items owned and licensed by Transformco, an affiliate of ESL Investments. Previously, they were a subsidiary brand of Sears Holdings, but after Sears Holdings filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on October 15, 2018, they were acquired by Transformco, formed in 2019 after acquiring the assets of Sears Holdings Corporation.

As of 2017, Kenmore products are produced by manufacturers including Whirlpool, Samsung, LG, Electrolux, Panasonic, Cleva North America, and Winia Electronics. Today, the brand's portfolio is sold across Amazon, Lowe's, Target, and many other online retailers.
Siege of Kreuznach
The siege of Kreuznach or the Spanish capture of Kreuznach took place on 10 September 1620, at Kreuznach (renamed Bad Kreuznach in 1924) in the Palatinate, where the Army of Flanders, led by the Spanish Don Ambrosio Spinola, defeated the troops of Frederick V, Elector of the Palatinate, during the Palatinate campaign of the Thirty Years' War. The Army of Flanders was a multinational army in the service of the kings of Spain that was based in the Netherlands during the 16th to 18th centuries. Spinola's troops stormed Bad Kreuznach and its garrison surrendered. Later the town was freed on an oath not to rebel against the Holy Roman Empire.

Army of Flanders
The Army of Flanders (Spanish: Ejército de Flandes; Dutch: Leger van Vlaanderen) was a field army of the Spanish Army based in the Spanish Netherlands between the 16th and 18th centuries. It was one of the longest-serving field armies of the early modern era, being founded in 1567 and disbanded in 1706. Taking part in numerous battles of the Eighty Years' War and Thirty Years' War, it employed or pioneered many developing military concepts, including permanent units (tercios), barracks and military hospitals long before they were adopted in most of Europe. As a result, the Army of Flanders has been considered the world's de facto first modern professional standing army. Sustained at huge cost and at significant distances from Spain via the Spanish Road, the Army of Flanders also became infamous for successive mutinies and its ill-disciplined activity on and off the battlefield, including the sack of Antwerp in 1576.
Italian Rotors Industries
Italian Rotors Industries Srl (IRI) was an Italian aircraft manufacturer based in Aprilia, Lazio. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of helicopters in the form ready-to-fly aircraft.

The firm was a società a responsabilità limitata, an Italian limited liability company.

The company seems to have been founded about 2013 and went out of business in June 2016.

The organization produced three helicopter models, all based upon the same general design. The IRI T22B is powered by an American-made four-cylinder, air-cooled, four stroke 160 hp (119 kW) Lycoming O-320-B2C aircraft engine. The IRI T23B employs the 180 hp (134 kW) Lycoming O-360-A2J powerplant. The IRI T250A is powered by a 250 hp (186 kW) PBS TS 100 turboshaft engine made by PBS Velká Bíteš of the Czech Republic.

Reviewer Werner Pfaendler, described the company's helicopter designs as "elegant".

Aprilia, Lazio
Aprilia (Italian: [aˈpriːlja]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Latina, now incorporated in the conurbation of Rome, in the Italian region of Latium. It is the fifth most populous town in the region and the tenth largest by area.