hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ranger (file manager)
ranger is a free and open-source file manager with text-based user interface for Unix-like systems. It is developed by Roman Zimbelmann and licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. The program can accomplish file management tasks with a few keystrokes, and mouse input is optional. In conjunction with extensions including the rifle file opener and scope.sh, ranger can be scripted to open files with pre-defined programs, and to display a preview of the selected file by calling external programs.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Baiocchi
Baiocchi is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Claudio Baiocchi (1940–2020), Italian mathematician

Hugh Baiocchi (born 1946), South African professional golfer

Regina Harris Baiocchi (born 1956), American musician, music educator, composer and writer

Claudio Baiocchi
Claudio Baiocchi (August 20, 1940 – December 14, 2020) was an Italian mathematician. He was a professor at the University of Pavia and since the 1990s he was a professor of mathematical higher analysis at the Sapienza University.

He worked on partial differential equations and the calculus of variations. In 1971 he applied his mathematical methods to a free boundary problem in the filtration of liquids through porous media with applications in civil engineering (by using the Baiocchi transform).

His later research dealt with, among other topics, the Collatz problem, cellular automata and Turing machines.

In 1970 Baiocchi received the Caccioppoli Prize. In 1974 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Vancouver. He was elected to the Accademia dei XL and the Accademia dei Lincei.
The Young Moose Hunters
"The Young Moose Hunters" is an 1882 story by American writer C. A. Stephens. The story recounts the author's recollections of his adventures with fellow Paris Hill Academy students Henry Scott Whitman and Fred Bartlett during the American Civil War. The students travel over the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad and then walk to Lake Umbagog where Bartlett's friend, Charles Henry Farr, has a boat they row to Parmachenee Lake. There the four teenagers camp in the woods catching trout, trapping furs and gathering spruce gum to sell earning money for tuition, board and room while attending school.

Spruce gum
Spruce gum is a chewing material made from the resin of spruce trees. In North America, spruce resin was chewed by Native Americans and was later introduced to the early American pioneers and was sold commercially by the 19th century, by John B. Curtis among others. It has also been used as an adhesive.  Indigenous women in North America used spruce gum to caulk seams of birch-bark canoes.

Spruce gum has been used medicinally, primarily to heal deep cuts and sores in the Dene culture. In the 1870s, Sisters of Providence located in Montreal, Canada, developed a spruce gum syrup for treating coughs and bronchitis.
Mana motuhake
Mana motuhake is a phrase in the Māori language that means self determination, with the principle being autonomy and control. It is sometimes translated to the concept of sovereignty.

There was a New Zealand political party called Mana Motuhake that was registered from 1980–2005, and the Māori Party have a policy called the Mana Motuhake that was announced in 2020.

Mana (Oceanic cultures)
In Melanesian and Polynesian cultures, mana is a supernatural force that permeates the universe. Anyone or anything can have mana. They believed it to be a cultivation or possession of energy and power, rather than being a source of power. It is an intentional force.

Mana has been discussed mostly in relation to cultures of Polynesia, but also of Melanesia, notably the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.

In the 19th century, scholars compared mana to similar concepts such as the orenda of the Iroquois Indians and theorized that mana was a universal phenomenon that explained the origin of religions. However, subsequent scholarship has dismissed this theory; many parallels previously drawn in this regard have been deemed specious.
75th Colorado General Assembly
The Seventy-fifth Colorado General Assembly is the current term of the legislative branch of the Colorado state government, consisting of the Colorado Senate and the Colorado House of Representatives. The first regular session of the Seventy-fifth Colorado General Assembly convened at the Colorado State Capitol on January 8, 2025, and is set to conclude on May 7, 2025. The second regular session is due to convene in the first week of January 2026.

The 75th General Assembly is made up of a record 52% women, 14 in the Senate, and 38 in the House. Colorado is one of only three legislatures in the United States that is majority women.

Colorado General Assembly
39°44′21″N 104°59′05″W﻿ / ﻿39.7392°N 104.9848°W﻿ / 39.7392; -104.9848
The Colorado General Assembly is the state legislature of the State of Colorado. It is a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives that was created by the 1876 state constitution. Its statutes are codified in the Colorado Revised Statutes (C.R.S.). The session laws are published in the Session Laws of Colorado.

Colorado's legislature is similar to those of other states, except that, unlike many states, Colorado does not give its lieutenant governor any legislative authority (e.g. tie-breaking vote).
Shokufeh Kavani
Shokufeh Kavani (Persian: شکوفه کاوانی; born 1970) is an Iranian-born Australian contemporary artist, painter, nurse, translator. She is primarily known as a translator and as an abstract painter. She is fluent in Australian English, in addition to her native language Persian. She lives in Sydney.

Charles Sturt University
Charles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus public university located in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria. Established in 1989, it was named in honour of Captain Charles Sturt, a British explorer who made expeditions into regional New South Wales and South Australia.

It is the largest regional university in Australia, offering a multidisciplinary spectrum of courses in collaboration with various partners across the country.
Marika, Masasi Town
Marika is an administrative ward in Masasi Town Council of Mtwara Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 148.6 km2 (57.4 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 294 m (965 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 11,175.

Mtwara Region
Mtwara Region (Mkoa wa Mtwara in Swahili)  is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions, with its capital as the municipality of Mtwara. Mtwara Region is home to one of the most influential peoples in Tanzania, the Makonde. Mtwara is home to Tanzania's 3rd president Benjamin Mkapa and is home to a number of influential artists. The boundary with Mozambique to the south is formed by the Ruvuma River. To the west, Mtwara is bordered by Ruvuma Region, to the north by Lindi Region, and to the east is the Indian Ocean.

Mtwara Region is known for being the nation's largest producer of cashew nuts. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,270,854, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,374,767.: page 2  For 2002-2012, the region's 1.2 percent average annual population growth rate was the 26th highest in the country.: page 4  It was also the fourteenth most densely populated region with 76 people per square kilometer.: page 6
Feng Chun-kai
Feng Chun-kai (Chinese: 馮俊凱; pinyin: Féng Jùnjiā; born November 2, 1988) is a Taiwanese professional road and track cyclist. He represented his nation Taiwan, as a 19-year-old, at the 2008 Summer Olympics and later won numerous medals in track cycling, specifically in the men's points race and individual pursuit, at the Asian Championships. Feng has also claimed five Taiwanese national titles in road cycling, and a prestigious gold medal at the 2013 East Asian Games in Tianjin

Asian Cycling Championships
The Asian Cycling Championships is an annual continental cycling championships for road bicycle racing and track cycling since 1963, exclusively for Asian cyclists selected by the national governing body (member nations of the Asian Cycling Confederation).

Since 2017, competitions on road and track cycling are held separately.

The winner wear, for one year, the Asian Champion Jersey.
2013 Gagarin Cup playoffs
The 2013 Gagarin Cup playoffs of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) has begun on February 20, 2013, after the conclusion of the 2012–13 KHL regular season. The 2013 Gagarin Cup Finals started in April.

Ak Bars Kazan
Hockey Club Ak Bars (Russian: Ак Барс, Tatar: Ак Барс, English: Snow Leopard), also known as Ak Bars Kazan, is a professional ice hockey club based in Kazan, Russia. It is a member of the Kharlamov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Khamaj (thaat)
Khamaj (IAST: Khamāj) is one of the ten thaats (parent scales) of Hindustani music from the Indian subcontinent. It is also the name of a raga within this thaat.

The Khamaj thaat can be obtained by replacing the Shuddha Nishad of Bilaval by Komal Nishad. The ragas of this thaat are full of Shringara Rasa (romantic) hence this raga is mostly rendered in the form of light classical thumris, tappas, horis, kajris etc. Its pictorial descriptions in the existing texts are sensuous and even today, the raga Khamaj is considered to be a 'flirtatious' raag. There is a theory which assumes that in the past, the Khamaj scale found its way in the Ch'in music of late medieval China.

Thaat
A thaat (IAST: thāṭ) is a "parent scale" in North Indian or Hindustani music. It is the Hindustani equivalent of the term Melakartha raga of Carnatic music.  The concept of the thaat is not exactly equivalent to the western musical scale because the primary function of a thaat is not as a tool for music composition, but rather as a basis for classification of ragas. There is not necessarily strict compliance between a raga and its parent thaat; a raga said to 'belong' to a certain thaat need not allow all the notes of the thaat, and might allow other notes. Thaats are generally accepted to be heptatonic by definition.

The term thaat is also used to refer to the frets of stringed instruments like the sitar and the veena. It is also used to denote the posture adopted by a Kathak dancer at the beginning of their performance.
Battal Gazi Destanı
Battal Gazi Destanı (Battal Ghazi Legend) is a 1971 Turkish historic action film. Starring Cüneyt Arkın, it is a depiction of the life of the legendary Muslim Serdar of Malatya, Battal Gazi. Moreover, it is the first one of four "Battal Gazi" series and one of the numerous historic movies of Cüneyt Arkın.

Serdar (Ottoman rank)
Serdar (Ottoman Turkish: سردار; from "Sardar") was a military rank in the Ottoman Empire and a noble rank in Montenegro and Serbia. Serdars often served on the borders of the Ottoman Empire. The term is often translated as 'commander' in English texts and originally comes from the Persian language.

The title Serdar was also used in the Principality of Montenegro and the Principality of Serbia as an honorary non-noble title below that of vojvoda. Janko Vukotić, the former prime minister of Montenegro, held the title of serdar.
Silvi Kirilov
Silvi Kirilov Petrov (Bulgarian: Силви Кирилов Петров, born 17 December 1950) is a Bulgarian politician who has been the Minister of Health since 2025. A member of the ITN party, he previously served as Member of the National Assembly from 2024 to 2025 and from 2021 to 2022.

Government of Bulgaria
The Council of Ministers (Bulgarian: Министерски съвет, Ministerski savet) is the main authority of the executive power in the Republic of Bulgaria. It consists of the Prime Minister of Bulgaria and all the specialized ministers.
Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences
The Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany (Instytut Botaniki im. Władysława Szafera, Polish) in Kraków, Poland is a major European herbarium containing a collection of over 650,000 vascular plants, bryophytes, algae, fungi, lichens, and various plant fossils.  The vascular plant specimens are primarily from Central Europe with a specialization in alpine plants.  The bryophytes are Polish, Antarctic and subAntarctic, and East African.  The fossil plants are largely Central European.  Main publications include Acta Palaeobotanica, and the Polish Botanical Journal.

The herbarium was established in the 1950s by professor of botany and paleobotany, Władysław Szafer, at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.

Władysław Szafer
Prof Władysław Szafer PAS HFRSE (July 23, 1886 – November 16, 1970) was a Polish botanist, palaeobotanist, quaternary geologist and professor of botany at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. He was a world pioneer in nature conservation.

Many streets and public buildings in Polish towns and cities are named after Szafer.
Eddir
Eddir is a small town and rural commune in Taroudant Province of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 7,664 people living in 1122 households.

Souss-Massa-Drâa
Souss-Massa-Drâa (Arabic: سوس ماسة درعة) was formerly one of the sixteen regions of Morocco from 1997 to 2015. It covered an area of 70,880 km2 and had a population of 3,601,917 (2014 census). The capital is Agadir. One of the major languages spoken in this region of Morocco is tasoussit variant of Tashelhit.
Bridei
Bridei (also Brude, Bruide, Breidei or Bred) is a name shared by a number of Pictish people, including:

Bridei I of the Picts (Brude son of Maelchon, r. 554–584), contemporary of Saint Columba

Bridei II of the Picts (Brude son of Foith, r. 635–641)

Bridei III of the Picts (Brude son of Bile, r. 672–693)

Bridei IV of the Picts (Brude son of Der-Ilei and Dargart, r. 697–706)

Bridei V of the Picts (Brude son of Fergus, r. 761–763)

Bridei VI of the Picts (Brude son of Ferat, r. 842–843)

Bridei VII of the Picts (Brude son of Fothel, r. 843–845)

Brude son of Óengus I of the Picts, died 736

Óengus I
Óengus son of Fergus (Pictish: *Onuist map Vurguist; Old Irish: Óengus mac Fergusso, lit. 'Angus son of Fergus'; died 761) was king of the Picts from 732 until his death in 761. His reign can be reconstructed in some detail from a variety of sources. The unprecedented territorial gains he made from coast to coast, and the legacy he left, mean Óengus can be considered the first king of what would become Scotland.

Wresting power from his rivals, Óengus became the chief king in Pictland following a period of civil war in the late 720s.

The most powerful ruler in Scotland for more than two decades, kings from Óengus's family dominated Pictland for a century, until defeat at the hands of Vikings in 839 began a new period of instability, ending with the coming to power of another Pictish dynasty, that of Cináed mac Ailpín.
Hosoya
Hosoya (written: 細谷 or 細矢) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eiji Hosoya (細谷 英二, c. 1945 – 2012), Japanese businessman

Haruna Hosoya (細谷 はるな, born 1973), Japanese triathlete

Haruo Hosoya (細矢 治夫, born 1936), Japanese chemist and professor
Hosoya index

Kei Hosoya (細谷 圭, born 1988), Japanese baseball player

Mao Hosoya (細谷 真大, born 2001), Japanese footballer

Susumi Hosoya (細谷 進, born 1942), Japanese rower

Yoshimasa Hosoya (細谷 佳正, born 1982), Japanese voice actor

Eiji Hosoya
Eiji Hosoya (細谷 英二, Hosoya Eiji, c. 1945 – 4 November 2012) was a Japanese businessman who served as the chairman of Resona Holdings, Japan's fifth largest bank by market share, from 2003 until his death in 2012. Hosoya was appointed Chairman of Resona in May 2003, is credited with leading Resona's revitalization in the wake of a 2003 taxpayer-funded bailout from the government for 1.96 trillion yen ($24 billion US dollars).

Hosoya graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1968. He joined the staff of the former Japanese National Railways, the state-owned railway network company, after college. The Japanese National Railway is the predecessor of the East Japan Railway Company and the other six members of the Japan Railways Group.

Hosoya worked on the privatization of the East Japan Railway Company.
Confederación General de Trabajadores del Perú
The Workers' General Confederation of Peru (in Spanish: Confederación General de Trabajadores del Perú CGTP) is a national trade union center in Peru. It was formed in 1929 by José Carlos Mariátegui.

The CGTP is the largest trade union federation in Peru, and is affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions.

In August 2013, the CGTP launched a major online campaign (hosted on LabourStart) together with other unions in Peru protesting the new civil service act.

LabourStart
LabourStart is the news and campaigning website of the international trade union movement.  It distributes news both via its own website and also through a news syndication service (in both RSS and JavaScript formats) which is used by trade union websites around the world.  There are newswires for specific languages, countries, regions, and some US states and every Canadian province.  There are special newswires for online campaigns, women's labour news, and even a Health and Safety NewsWire run jointly with Hazards.  The site has 638,000 unique visits per month as of February 2012.

News links are collected by a network of nearly 960 volunteer correspondents and appear in 27 languages.
Samaesan Hole
The Samaesan Hole is a technical diving site is located in the Gulf of Thailand, Samae San Island, in Sattahip District, Chonburi Province. The local vicinity is renowned for its technical diving and has numerous entries on the List of deepest dive sites in the Gulf of Thailand, with the deepest being the Samaesan Hole, with a recorded depth of 85m to 100m. The dive site lies in the vicinity of the shipping lanes between Koh Rong Nang and Koh Samaesan by the area named Explosives Dumping Ground on local sea charts.

Chonburi province
Chonburi (Thai: ชลบุรี, RTGS: Chon Buri, [tɕ͡ʰōn bū.rīː] ⓘ) is a province of Thailand (changwat) located in eastern Thailand. Its capital is also named Chonburi. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise from north) Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi, and Rayong, while the Bay of Bangkok is to the west. Pattaya, a major tourism destination in Thailand, is located in Chonburi, along with Laem Chabang, the country's primary seaport. The population of the province has grown rapidly and now totals 1.7 million residents, although a large portion of the population is floating or unregistered. The registered population as of 31 December 2024 was 1.635 million.
Mothel
Mothel (Irish: Maothail, meaning 'spongy land') is a small village, civil parish and townland, near the Comeragh Mountains in the northern part of County Waterford, Ireland. The nearest town is Carrick-on-Suir, 5 km to the north. Waterford city is 20 km to the east.

Carrick-on-Suir
Carrick-on-Suir (Irish: Carraig na Siúire, meaning 'rock of the Suir') is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It lies on both banks of the River Suir. The part on the north bank of the Suir lies in the civil parish of "Carrick", in the historical barony of Iffa and Offa East. The part on the south bank lies in the civil parish of Kilmolerin in the barony of Upperthird, County Waterford.
Novodugino
Novodugino (Russian: Новодугинó) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novoduginsky District, Smolensk Oblast, Russia. Population:  3,839 (2010 Census); 3,999 (2002 Census); 4,153 (1989 Soviet census).

Smolensk Oblast
Smolensk Oblast (Russian: Смоленская область, romanized: Smolenskaya oblastʹ), informally also called Smolenshchina (Смоленщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 888,421.
Oxmoor Copse
Oxmoor Copse is just south of the village of Abinger Hammer and to the west of the village of Abinger Common, in Surrey. It is 1.23 hectares (3.0 acres) and is in an AONB lying within the Surrey Hills. The previous owners gave the copse to the Woodland Trust as a gift.

The copse lies on Greensand and the soil is acidic.  The main trees are mature oaks and hazel; there are also bluebells. A considerable number of trees were blown down in the 1987 storm. Replanting took place in 1991.  Arable and pastoral land surrounds the copse. On the fringes of the copse there is a considerable amount of Common Cudweed but generally the copse is species poor.

The grid reference is TQ 090 467

Greensand
Greensand or green sand is a sand or sandstone which has a greenish color. This term is specifically applied to shallow marine sediment that contains noticeable quantities of rounded greenish grains. These grains are called glauconies and consist of a mixture of mixed-layer clay minerals, such as smectite and glauconite. Greensand is also loosely applied to any glauconitic sediment.
Cokethorpe School
Cokethorpe School is a private day school in Witney, West Oxfordshire. The school was founded in 1957 by Francis Brown. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and Independent Association of Prep Schools. The school has approximately 660 students from ages 4 to 18.

Independent Association of Prep Schools
The Independent Association of Prep Schools (IAPS, formerly Independent Association of Preparatory Schools) is a schools association, representing more than 660 preparatory schools.

The majority of IAPS' schools are in the UK, with other locations including Africa, the Middle East, Singapore, and Hong Kong.

IAPS is part of the Independent Schools Council.
Hachure map
Hachures (/ˈhæʃʊərz/) are an older mode of representing relief. They show orientation of slope, and by their thickness and overall density they provide a general sense of steepness. Being non-numeric, they are less useful to a scientific survey than contours, but can successfully communicate quite specific shapes of terrain. They are a form of shading, although different from the one used in shaded maps.

Hachure representation of relief was standardized by the German topographer Johann Georg Lehmann in 1799. Hachures may be combined with other ways of representing relief, such as  shades, the result being a shaded hachure map; an example of such a map is the Dufour Map of Switzerland. Emil von Sydow designed maps with coloured hachures: green for lowlands and brown for highlands.

Shading
Shading refers to the depiction of depth perception in 3D models (within the field of 3D computer graphics) or illustrations (in visual art) by varying the level of darkness. Shading tries to approximate local behavior of light on the object's surface and is not to be confused with techniques of adding shadows, such as shadow mapping or shadow volumes, which fall under global behavior of light.