hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Filippo Civinini
Filippo Civinini (20 September 1805 – 11 May 1844) was an Italian anatomist from Pistoia. He is remembered for contributions made in the field of osteology, in particular the cranium.

He studied medicine in Pistoia and Pisa, where in 1825 he earned his degree. In 1834 he was appointed anatomical dissector, and two years later attained the chair of anatomy at the University of Pisa. He composed the first catalogue on the collections of anatomy at the Museum of Pisa.

In 1835 Civinini provided the first description of a neuroma that causes a painful foot condition known today as Morton's metatarsalgia. He made the discovery during the dissection of a cadaver, which he described in an article called "Su un nervoso gangliare rigonfiamento alla pianta del piede" (On the neural ganglion swelling on the sole of the foot).

Neuroma
A neuroma (/njʊəˈroʊmə/; plural: neuromata or neuromas) is a growth or tumor of nerve tissue.  Neuromas tend to be benign (i.e. not cancerous); many nerve tumors, including those that are commonly malignant, are nowadays referred to by other terms.

Neuromas can arise from different types of nervous tissue, including the nerve fibers and their myelin sheath, as in the case of genuine neoplasms (growths) like ganglioneuromas and neurinomas.

The term is also used to refer to any swelling of a nerve, even in the absence of abnormal cell growth. In particular, traumatic neuroma results from trauma to a nerve, often during a surgical procedure. Morton's neuroma affects the foot.
Neuromas can be painful, or sometimes, as in the case of acoustic neuromas, can give rise to other symptoms.
Eliot Street railway station
Eliot Street railway station was a suburban railway station in New Zealand on the Marton–New Plymouth line and the first station leaving New Plymouth. Serving the people of East End, it lasted for 32 years before being replaced by Fitzroy station when the railway line was diverted. The station's history was strongly linked to that of the original railway route out of the city.

Marton–New Plymouth line
The Marton–New Plymouth line (MNPL) is a secondary railway in the North Island of New Zealand, linking the Taranaki and Manawatū-Whanganui regions. It diverges from the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) at Marton and follows the South Taranaki Bight along the west coast before turning inland to meet the Stratford–Okahukura Line (SOL) at Stratford, continuing on to New Plymouth.

Construction of the line was completed in 1885. With the completion of the SOL in 1933, the combined route provided an alternative western connection to the NIMT—though this role diminished when the SOL was mothballed in 2010. In its early years, the MNPL hosted the New Plymouth Express, the North Island’s first regional express service. Following the withdrawal of passenger services in 1977, the line has been used exclusively for freight.
Brighton Grammar School
Brighton Grammar School is a private Anglican day school for boys, located in Brighton, a south-eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Founded in 1882 by George Henry Crowther, Brighton Grammar has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for over 1,500 students from the Early Learning Centre (ELC) to Year 12. The majority of students are drawn from the City of Bayside and surrounding suburbs of Brighton, East Brighton, Elsternwick, Hampton, Sandringham, Highett, Beaumaris and Black Rock.

The school is affiliated with a number of associations including the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Australian Anglican Schools Network, the International Boys' Schools Coalition IBSC, and the Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APS).

International Boys' Schools Coalition
The International Boys' Schools Coalition (IBSC) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization of all-boys schools dedicated to the education of boys, to the professional development of their educators, and to the advancement of educational institutions that serve boys. The Coalition comprises over 300 hundred member schools across 20 countries and five continents worldwide.
Sitti in the Mix: The Dense Modesto Remixes
Sitti in the Mix: The Dense Modesto Remixes is the first remix album of Filipino bossa nova singer Sitti, and the first by DJ Dense Modesto. It was released in the Philippines in 2007 by Club Myx, in collaboration with Warner Music Philippines. Instead of a bossa nova sound, Sitti collaborated with Myx Philippines DJ Dense Modesto to make her songs into dance tracks.

Myx
Myx (/ˈmɪks/, stylized as MYX or myx and pronounced as mix) is a Filipino pay television channel based in Quezon City and owned by Creative Programs, a subsidiary of ABS-CBN Corporation. The channel is targeted to youth audience with music video as its primary content.

It was introduced as a programming block on free-to air television through the now-defunct television network Studio 23 in 2000, airing in morning, afternoon and late evening time slots. A standalone 24-hour pay channel was introduced in 2002, and an international version of the channel was created in 2007. Myx is notable for showing lyrics on music videos which was adapted from karaoke, a popular pastime in Asia. Since 2006, Myx has given the annual Myx Music Awards to the most influential personalities in the Philippine music industry.
Nepenthes ephippiata
Nepenthes ephippiata (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ɛˌfɪpiˈɑːtə/; from Latin: ephippium "saddle cloth"), or the saddle-leaved pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It occurs in the Hose Mountains of central Sarawak, as well as Mount Raya and Bukit Lesung in Kalimantan. It grows in montane forest from 1,000 to 1,900 meters elevation.

Non-climbing plants from the Hose Mountains appear to have less decurrent leaf attachment than specimens from Central Kalimantan, however the characteristic saddle after which the species is named is fully developed in climbing plants. Nepenthes ephippiata is closely related to N. lowii.

B. H. Danser described the species in his 1928 monograph, "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies", based only on part of a stem and an infructescence.

Nepenthes ephippiata has no known natural hybrids.

Nepenthes ephippiata type specimen (Amdjah 497)

Hose Mountains
The Hose Mountains (Malay: Pegunungan Hose) are a mountain range in central Sarawak, Borneo. They span the area between the watersheds of the Balleh and Balui Rivers. The mountains are covered in virgin tropical rainforest that supports a rich ecosystem of fauna and flora, including many endemic species. At least 8 species of Nepenthes are native to the mountain range.

The Hose Mountains are named after British colonial administrator and zoologist Charles Hose.
Broadway: Three Generations
Broadway: Three Generations is a musical composed of abridged versions of three other musicals, Girl Crazy, Bye Bye Birdie, and Side Show. It was presented October 2–5, 2008 at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC.

Broadway was directed by Lonny Price and choreographed by Randy Skinner and Josh Rhodes. Kennedy Center President Michael Kaiser conceived of the musical over a year before it was performed.

Broadway was created in part to be a "splashy way to reopen" the Eisenhower Theater. The theater was renovated for 16 months for $17.9 million.

Michael Kaiser
Michael M. Kaiser (born October 27, 1953) is an American arts administrator who served as president of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (2001–2014) in Washington, D.C. Kaiser currently lives in Great Falls, Virginia.

Dubbed "the turnaround king" for his work at such arts institutions as the Kansas City Ballet, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, American Ballet Theatre, and the Royal Opera House, Kaiser has earned international renown for his expertise in arts management.
Elemental Motor Company
Elemental Motor Company is a British low-volume performance motor vehicle manufacturing company that produces the Elemental RP1, a road-legal two seater sports car. The company is based in Hampshire, United Kingdom.

Goodwood Festival of Speed
The Goodwood Festival of Speed is an annual motorsports festival featuring modern and historic motor racing vehicles taking part in a hillclimb and other events, held in Goodwood House, West Sussex, in late June or early July. The event is scheduled to avoid clashing with the Formula One season, enabling fans to see F1 machines as well as cars and motorbikes from motor racing history.

In the early years of the Festival, which started in 1993, tens of thousands attended over the weekend. As of 2014, it attracted crowds of around 100,000 on each of the three days it was held. A record crowd of 158,000 attended in 2003, before an advance-ticket-only admission policy came into force; attendance was subsequently capped at 150,000.
Barillas FC
Barillas Fútbol Club is a Guatemalan football club from Santa Cruz Barillas, Huehuetenango Department. It was founded on 1994 and currently plays at the Primera División de Ascenso, the second tier of Guatemalan football.

Santa Cruz Barillas
Santa Cruz Barillas (also known as Yalmotx in Qʼanjobʼal) is a town, with a population of 17,166 (2018 census), and a municipality in the Guatemalan department of Huehuetenango. It is situated at 1450 metres above sea level. It covers a terrain of 1,174 km2. The annual festival is April 29-May 4.
2014 Racquetball World Championships – Women's doubles
The International Racquetball Federation's 17th Racquetball World Championships were held in Burlington, Ontario, Canada, from June 14 to 21, 2014. This was the second time Worlds were in Canada wherein previously, they were in Montreal in 1992.

The women's doubles defending champions were Mexicans Paola Longoria and Samantha Salas and they won gold for a third straight time. In the final, they defeated American Aimee Ruiz, a former World Champion doubles player, and Janel Tisinger in two straight games. Longoria and Salas beat the Chilean team of Angela Grisar and Carla Muñoz in the semi-finals, which was a rematch of the 2012 final.

In the other semi-final, Ruiz and Tisinger needed to come back after losing the first game against the Ecuador team of Veronica Sotomayor and Maria Paz Muñoz, winning the match in a tie-breaker.

Aimee Ruiz
Aimee Ruiz (born February 12, 1975) is a left-handed American racquetball player. She is a three time Women's Doubles World Champion, and a 13 time USA Racquetball Champion in Women's Doubles, most recently winning the title in 2020 with Erika Manilla. In addition to her USA doubles titles, Ruiz has one USA National Women's Singles title. Ruiz was named to the USA Racquetball Hall of Fame in 2021.
Reinhold Schmidt
Reinhold Schmidt (17 August 1902 – 16 August 1974) was a German sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Schmidt was also a two-time German national champion in the 1920s, and also was part of the relay team that set a new world record in 1927.

Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres was an event at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. Fifty athletes from 20 nations competed. NOCs were limited to 4 competitors each. The event was won by Ray Barbuti of the United States, the first title for the Americans in the event since 1912 and the fifth overall. Jimmy Ball won Canada's first medal in the event, a silver.
Libor Wälzer
Libor Wälzer (born 8 December 1975 in Sokolov) is a Czech weightlifter. Walzer represented the Czech Republic at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's heavyweight category (105 kg). Walzer placed sixteenth in this event, as he successfully lifted 163 kg (359 lb) in the single-motion snatch, and hoisted 187 kg (412 lb) in the two-part, shoulder-to-overhead clean and jerk, for a total of 350 kg (770 lb). Walzer was later elevated to a higher position, when Ukraine's Ihor Razoronov had been disqualified from the Olympics, after he tested positive for nandrolone.

Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 105 kg
The men's 105 kilograms weightlifting event was the seventh men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 105 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 18, but was divided into two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 15:30, and Group A, at 19:00. This event was the fourteenth Weightlifting event to conclude.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.
Rocky Mountain Holiday
Rocky Mountain Holiday is a television special and a soundtrack album of songs from the special, performed by American singer-songwriter John Denver and The Muppets. The show has Denver playing host to the extended Muppet family; he takes them up into the scenic Rockies for an excursion that includes fishing, hiking, and camping. The soundtrack album was released in May 1983, and the special itself aired May 12, 1983, on ABC. In 1984, the album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Album for Children, but lost to Michael Jackson's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial storybook.

Gonzo (Muppet)
Gonzo is a Muppet character from the sketch comedy television series The Muppet Show, known for his eccentric passion for stunt performance. Aside from his trademark enthusiasm for performance art, another defining trait of Gonzo is the ambiguity of his species, which has become a running gag in the franchise. He has been considered to be of various origins, including a Frackle in his debut appearance in special The Great Santa Claus Switch (1970), an extraterrestrial in Muppets from Space (1999) or an avian creature.

Developed and performed by Dave Goelz, Gonzo made his first appearance in The Great Santa Claus Switch, as the "Cigar Box Frackle". Originally introduced as a minor character in The Muppet Show, he soon evolved into one of the franchise's primary characters. Gonzo has appeared in every Muppet film, including The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992), where he portrayed author Charles Dickens and developed a double act with Rizzo the Rat.
Mount Agassiz (New Hampshire)
Mount Agassiz is a peak in the White Mountains of New Hampshire with an elevation of 2,378 feet (725 m). It is located in the town of Bethlehem in Grafton County. Originally named Peaked Hill, it is named in honor of Louis Agassiz.

An observation tower was built at the summit by 1877, and an auto road was opened circa 1932. Prior to construction of the auto road, an automobile first reached the summit in 1926, via a carriage road, due to a misunderstanding by the driver. A ski trail was cut in 1936–37, with a rope tow added three seasons later; the rope tow operated into the 1980s. In the mid-1950s, the auto road was rebuilt and a snack bar was added at the summit area. Plans during the early 1960s to greatly expand the ski area, including construction of a monorail, never materialized.

The property is privately owned; the current owner does not prohibit hikers.

Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.
Vnmr
vnmr is software for controlling nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers. It is produced by Varian, Inc.

The software runs on SPARC machines with Solaris. It is composed of a command line interpreter window, an output window, and a status window.

The successor of vnmr is called vnmrJ.

Varian, Inc.
Varian, Inc. was one of the largest manufacturers of scientific instruments for the scientific industry. They had offerings over a broad range of chemical analysis equipment, with a particular focus on Information Rich Detection and Vacuum technology. Varian was spun off from Varian Associates in 1999 and was purchased by Agilent Technologies in May 2010 for $1.5 billion, or $52 per share.

Varian Inc. had its corporate headquarters in Palo Alto, California, and offices in Australia, the Benelux countries, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, Russia, Sweden, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Bolus of Mendes
Bolus of Mendes (Ancient Greek: Βῶλος ὁ Μενδήσιος, Bōlos ho Mendēsios; fl. 3rd century BC) was a philosopher, a neopythagorean writer of works of esoterica and medicine, in Ptolemaic Egypt. Both the Suda, and a later work mistakenly attributed to Eudokia Makrembolitissa—Ἰωνιά; Bed of Violets, probably a 16th-century forgery by Constantine Paleocappa—write of a Pythagorean philosopher of Mendes in Egypt. He is described as one who wrote on marvels, potent remedies, and astronomical phenomena. The Suda, however, also describes a separate Bolus who was a philosopher of the school of Democritus, who wrote Inquiry, and Medical Art, containing "natural medical remedies from some resources of nature." However, from a passage of Columella, it appears that Bolos of Mendes and this other Bolus, follower of Democritus, were one and the same person. He seems to have lived following the time of Theophrastus, whose work Historia Plantarum ('On Plants'), Bolus appears to have known.

Eudokia Makrembolitissa
Eudokia Makrembolitissa (Greek: Εὐδοκία Μακρεμβολίτισσα, romanized: Evdokía Makremvolítissa) was a Byzantine empress by her successive marriages to Constantine X Doukas and Romanos IV Diogenes. She acted as ruler with her two sons in 1067, and resigned her rule by marriage to Romanos IV Diogenes. When he was deposed in 1071 she resumed the rule with her son Michael VII, but was soon forced to resign again.

Because she essentially ruled in her own right during her rules and retained the title of empress, several modern scholars consider Eudokia to have been empress regnant in 1067 and some also in 1071.
Johan Maurits Mohr
Johan Maurits Mohr (ca. 18 August 1716, Eppingen – 25 October 1775, Batavia) was a Dutch-German pastor who studied at Groningen University from 1733 and settled in Batavia (Dutch East Indies) in 1737. Mohr's greatest passion was in astronomy but he was also keenly interested in meteorology and in vulcanology.

In 1765 Mohr built a large private observatory in Batavia that was equipped with the best astronomical instruments of his time. His observatory, which had cost him a small fortune, was visited and praised by Louis Antoine de Bougainville and James Cook.

Mohr observed the Venus transits of 6 June 1761 and 3 June 1769 and the Mercury transit of 10 November 1769. He also made meteorological observations and measurements of the magnetic declination at Batavia.

After Mohr's death, his observatory was damaged by an earthquake in 1780, fell into ruin and was demolished in 1812.

The minor planet 5494 Johanmohr is named in his honour.

Volcanology
Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism).   The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan.  Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire.

A volcanologist is a geologist who studies the eruptive activity and formation of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting or forecasting eruptions, like predicting earthquakes, could save many lives.
Nicholas Pieck
Nicholas Pieck, O.F.M., "Nicolaas" or "Claes Pieck" in Dutch, was a Franciscan friar who was one of a group of Catholic clergy and lay brothers, the Martyrs of Gorkum, who were executed for refusal to renounce their faith in 1572.

Lay brother
Lay brother is an outdated term which referred to a male member of a religious order who has not been ordained as priests. The term was particularly used in the Catholic Church. Lay brothers were distinguished from choir monks or friars in that they did not pray in choir, and from clerics, in that they did not prepare for holy orders. This specific definition is no longer applied by the Catholic Church.

Lay brothers played a crucial role in maintaining the upkeep of facilities, performing community service work, and providing technical and administrative expertise to assist with the mission of their order, while clerics typically focus on preaching, liturgy, and leadership.

In religious institutes for women, the equivalent term was lay sister. Lay brothers were originally created to allow those who were skilled in particular crafts or did not have the required education to study for holy orders to participate in and contribute to the life of a religious order.
Between the Covers (radio program)
Between the Covers was a program on the Radio One network of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Formerly heard weekdays at 10:40 p.m. (11:10 p.m. in Newfoundland), following The Arts Tonight, the program no longer airs on Radio One's terrestrial network, although it is still in production as a weekly podcast and continues to air on CBC Radio's Sirius Satellite Radio channel.

The show's content is a series of ongoing book and poetry readings. The show is hosted by Lisa Christiansen, who is also a host at CBC Radio 3.

CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet, and through mobile apps. CBC Radio One is simulcast across Canada on Bell Satellite TV satellite channels 956 and 953, and Shaw Direct satellite channel 870.
A modified version of Radio One, with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming, is available on Sirius XM channel 169. It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart, Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

In 2010, Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week. It was the largest radio network in Canada.
Megalocornea-intellectual disability syndrome
Megalocornea-intellectual disability syndrome, also known as Neuhauser syndrome, is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by megalocornea, hypotonia from birth, variable intellectual disabilities, psychomotor delays, developmental delays, and facial dysmorphisms such as round face, frontal bossing, antimongoloid slants of the eyes, epicanthal fold, large, low-set ears, broad nasal bridge, nostril anteversion, and increased length of the upper lip. According to OMIM, only 24 cases have been described in medical literature.

Psychomotor retardation
Psychomotor retardation  involves a slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. It can cause a visible slowing of physical and emotional reactions, including speech and affect.

Psychomotor retardation is most commonly seen in people with major depression and in the depressed phase of bipolar disorder; it is also associated with the adverse effects of certain drugs, such as benzodiazepines.