hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Registers of Scotland
Registers of Scotland (RoS) (Scottish Gaelic: Clàran na h-Alba) is the non-ministerial department of the Scottish Government responsible for compiling and maintaining records relating to property and other legal documents. They currently maintain 21 public registers. The official responsible with maintaining the Registers of Scotland is the Keeper of the Registers of Scotland (known simply as the Keeper). Ex officio, the Keeper of the Registers of Scotland is also the Deputy Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. The Keeper of the Registers of Scotland should not be confused with the Keeper of the Records of Scotland.

Ex officio member
An ex officio member is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, or council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term ex officio is Latin, meaning literally 'from the office', and the sense intended is 'by right of office'; its use dates back to the Roman Republic.

According to Robert's Rules of Order, the term denotes only how one becomes a member of a body. Accordingly, the rights of an ex officio member are exactly the same as other members unless otherwise stated in regulations or bylaws. It relates to the notion that the position refers to the position the ex officio holds, rather than the individual that holds the position. In some groups, ex officio members may frequently abstain from voting.

Opposite notions are dual mandate, when the same person happens to hold two offices or more, although these offices are not in themselves associated; and personal union, when two states share the same monarch.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Worcester district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Worcester district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Worcester County. Democrat Stephan Hay of Fitchburg has represented the district since 2017. He planned to retire after 2020.

Worcester County, Massachusetts
Worcester County (/ˈwʊstər/ WUUST-ər) is located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 862,111, making it the second-most populous county in Massachusetts. Being 1,510.6 square miles of land area, it is the largest county in Massachusetts by geographic area. The largest city and traditional shire town is Worcester. Worcester County is part of the Worcester, MA–CT metropolitan statistical area and the Boston-Worcester-Providence combined statistical area.
Konkhra
Konkhra is a Danish death metal band formed in Køge in 1989. Initially named Vicious Circle, they changed their name to Konkhra in 1990. Konkhra's sound blends death metal with groove metal and thrash. The name "Konkhra" is derived from the sound that Tom Angelripper from Sodom makes when he introduces the song "Conqueror" on the 1988 album Mortal Way of Live.

Tom Angelripper
Thomas Such (born 19 February 1963), known professionally as Tom Angelripper, is a German musician. He is the lead vocalist, bassist, main songwriter and only original remaining member of the thrash metal band Sodom and also a member of the bass guitar-focused side project Bassinvaders. He has also released solo albums under the name Onkel Tom.
Hawawir people
The Hawawir are a Sudanese tribe of Semitic and Berber origin, dwelling in the Bayuda Desert, Sudan. They were found along the road from Debba to Khartoum as far as Bir Gamr, and from Ambigol to Wadi Bishhra as well as El-Obeid. The tribe is said to have entered Sudan through the trade moving South from Egypt where many of the tribe called Hawwara remain.

They adopted none of the African customs, such as gashing the cheeks or elaborate hairdressing. They owned large herds of camels, sheep.  Members of the tribe include the 19th century judge and Islamic scholar Arabi Ahmed Al-Hawwari who founded the Grand Mosque of El-Obeid and was mentioned in the ‘Letters of Ahmad ibn Idris’ as an Islamic scholar and friend of the sheikh as well as a close companion and student of Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani al-Khatim.

Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi
Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi (Arabic: أحمد بن إدريس الفاسي) (1760–1837) was a Moroccan Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist and Sufi, active in Morocco, the Hejaz, Egypt, and Yemen. His main concern was the revivification of the Sunnah or practice of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and purifying Islam by erasing Bid'ah and Shirk. His followers founded a number of Sufi paths which spread his teachings across the Muslim world.
Covariant classical field theory
In mathematical physics, covariant classical field theory represents classical fields by sections of fiber bundles, and their dynamics is phrased in the context of a finite-dimensional space of fields. Nowadays, it is well known that jet bundles and the variational bicomplex are the correct domain for such a description. The Hamiltonian variant of covariant classical field theory is the covariant Hamiltonian field theory where momenta correspond to derivatives of field variables with respect to all world coordinates. Non-autonomous mechanics is formulated as covariant classical field theory on fiber bundles over the time axis .

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Banu Ukhaidhir
The Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir (Arabic: بنو الأخيضر, romanized: Banū ʾl-Ukhayḍir), informally as Ukhaydhirites, was an Arab dynasty that ruled in al-Yamama (central Arabia) from 867 to at least the mid-eleventh century.  An Alid dynasty, they were descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and his grandson Al-Hasan, and at least one contemporary traveler describes them as having been Shi'ites of the Zaydi persuasion. Their capital was known as al-Khidhrimah, which lay near the present-day city of Al-Kharj in Saudi Arabia.

Hasan ibn Hasan
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Hāshimī (Arabic: أَبُو مُحَمَّد الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِي ٱلْهَاشِمِي, romanized: Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Hāshimī, alias Hasan al-Mu'thannā; c. 661–715) was an Islamic scholar and theologian. He was a son of Hasan ibn Ali and Khawla bint Manzur. He was a grandson of the fourth caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and a great-grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan was a contemporary of Umayyad caliph al-Walid I.
Commerson's roundleaf bat
Commerson's roundleaf bat (Macronycteris commersoni), also known as Commerson's leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat endemic to Madagascar. It is named after French naturalist Philibert Commerson (1727-1773). Bat populations of Africa or São Tomé and Príncipe formerly considered part of this species are now classified separately as M. gigas, M. thomensis or M. vittata,  while one from Madagascar was split off to become M. cryptovalorona. It was formerly placed in the genus Hipposideros, but moved to the resurrected Macronycteris in 2017 on the basis of molecular evidence.

Hipposideros
Hipposideros is one of the most diverse genera of bats, with more than 70 species.  They are collectively called roundleaf bats after the shape of their nasal ornament. It is the type genus of the family Hipposideridae. It is divided into species groups based on morphology.

Some species that were previously placed in Hipposideros are now placed in the related genera Doryrhina and Macronycteris. Conversely, the genus Paracoelops, which was considered distinct until 2012, is now synonymized with Hipposideros, as the only species turned out to be based on a specimen of Hipposideros pomona.
Fortress of São João Baptista (Angra do Heroísmo)
The Fortress of São João Baptista (Portuguese: Forte de São João Baptista), also known as the Fort of São Filipe or Fort of Monte Brasil is a historic fortress and defensive emplacement, located in the civil parish of Sé, municipality of Angra do Heroísmo in the Portuguese island of Terceira, archipelago of the Azores.

Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars (Portuguese: Guerras Liberais), also known as the Portuguese Civil War (Guerra Civil Portuguesa) and the War of the Two Brothers (Guerra dos Dois Irmãos) was a civil war in Portugal that lasted from May 1828 to May 1834, fought between liberal progressive constitutionalists (led by former King Pedro IV) and conservative traditionalists (led by King Miguel I) over the country's system of government and royal succession. Embroiled parties included the Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese rebels, the United Kingdom, France, the Catholic Church, Spain and Russia.
MythBusters (2008 season)
The cast of the television series MythBusters perform experiments to verify or debunk urban legends, old wives' tales, and the like. This is a list of the various myths tested on the show as well as the results of the experiments (the myth is busted, plausible, or confirmed).

Urban legend
Urban legend (sometimes modern legend, urban myth, or simply legend) is a genre of folklore concerning stories about an unusual (usually scary) or humorous event that many people believe to be true but largely are not.

These legends can be entertaining but often concern mysterious and troubling events, such as disappearances and strange objects or entities. Urban legends may confirm moral standards, reflect prejudices, or be a way to make sense of societal anxieties.

In the past, urban legends were most often circulated orally, at gatherings and around the campfire for instance. Now, they can be spread by any media, including newspapers, mobile news apps, e-mail, and most often, social media.  Some urban legends have passed through the years/decades with only minor changes, in where the time period takes place. Generic urban legends are often altered to suit regional variations, but the lesson or moral generally remains the same.
Croft Bridge
Croft Bridge is a road bridge over the River Tees, straddling the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham, in the north of England. The road over the bridge is now the A167, previously a second branch of the Great North Road, meeting the old road in Darlington. The bridge dates back to Medieval times, and is the setting for the awarding of a sword to the incoming Bishop of Durham.

River Tees
The River Tees (/tiːz/), in England, rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines and flows eastwards for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the North Sea in the North East of England. The modern-day history of the river has been tied with the industries on Teesside in its lower reaches, where it has provided the means of import and export of goods to and from the North East England. The need for water further downstream also meant that reservoirs were built in the extreme upper reaches, such as Cow Green.
1923 Copa del Rey
The King Alfonso XIII's Cup 1923 was the 23rd staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.

The competition started on 25 March 1923, and concluded on 13 May 1923, with the final, held at the Les Corts in Barcelona, in which Athletic Bilbao lifted the trophy for the ninth time with a 1–0 victory over CD Europa with Travieso netting the only goal of the match.

Travieso (footballer)
Manuel López Llamosas (1 May 1900 – 14 October 1975), known as Travieso, was a Spanish footballer who represented multiple teams in Spain. He was capped once by the Spain national football team in 1922, scoring twice.
USS Intrepid (1798)
The first USS Intrepid was a captured ketch rigged galiot in the United States Navy during the First Barbary War.

Intrepid was built in France in 1798 for Napoleon's Egyptian expedition. The vessel was sold to Tripoli, which she served as Mastico (referred to as "Martigana" in one document). The bomb ketch was one of several Tripolitan vessels which captured Philadelphia on 31 October 1803 after the American frigate had run fast aground on uncharted Kaliusa reef some five miles (8 km) east of Tripoli.

Ketch
A ketch is a two-masted sailboat whose mainmast is taller than the mizzen mast (or aft-mast), and whose mizzen mast is stepped forward of the rudder post. The mizzen mast stepped forward of the rudder post is what distinguishes the ketch from a yawl, which has its mizzen mast stepped aft of its rudder post. In the 19th and 20th centuries, ketch rigs were often employed on larger yachts and working watercraft, but ketches are also used as smaller working watercraft as short as 15 feet, or as small cruising boats, such as Bill Hanna's Tahiti ketches or L. Francis Herreshoff's Rozinante and H-28.
Farhad
Farhad (Persian: فرهاد farhād), also spelt Ferhaad, Ferhod or Ferhat, is a common Persian male name used since the Parthians, first recorded for Arsacid kings circa 170 BC. Variants of the name are also commonly found in other countries with historical Persian influences such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and the Xinjiang autonomous region of China.

Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces, or is organized to produce, the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs.

In humans, the word male can also be used to refer to gender, in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Campylobacter hyointestinalis
Campylobacter hyointestinalis is a species of Campylobacter implicated as a pathogen in gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in humans. It has been known to be transmitted from its usual host, the pig, to humans. In pigs, it is usually associated with proliferative ileitis, and found in conjunction with other species of that genus; however, it has also been isolated from hamster and cattle feces. It is catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-positive in the TSI slant, glycine-tolerant, and intolerant to 3.0% sodium chloride. It is able to grow at 25 °C, is sensitive to cephalothin, and resistant to nalidixic acid.

Wet-tail
Wet-tail, wet-bottom or proliferative ileitis, is a disease of hamsters. It is precipitated by stress. Even with treatment, the animal can die within 48 hours. Baby hamsters are much more likely to get the disease than older hamsters. It is commonly found when the hamster is being weaned at about four weeks of age.
Linshui County
Linshui County (simplified Chinese: 邻水县; traditional Chinese: 鄰水縣; pinyin: Línshuǐ Xiàn) is a county in the east of Sichuan province, China, administratively governed by the prefecture-level city of Guang'an; it is the easternmost county-level division of Guang'an, bordering Chongqing municipality to the east.

The county, which is not large, is accessible via a four-hour shuttle coach riding on the Chengnan expressway from Chengdu (Shiling public bus station) and a two-hour driving from the municipality city Chongqing on the south. The county is rich in natural resources, and has reservoirs of coal and sweet natural gas.

Strategically, Linshui County is on the only path out of Sichuan province in the east, as the connecting point between Dazhou and Chongqing. The local economy is largely dependent on livestock and agricultural farming.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Cauchy–Binet formula
In mathematics, specifically linear algebra, the Cauchy–Binet formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy and Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, is an identity for the determinant of the product of two rectangular matrices of transpose shapes (so that the product is well-defined and square). It generalizes the statement that the determinant of a product of square matrices is equal to the product of their determinants. The formula is valid for matrices with the entries  from any commutative ring.

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Caryl of the Mountains
Caryl of the Mountains is a 1936 American northern film directed by Bernard B. Ray. It was made for Reliable Pictures and shot at Big Bear Lake, California.

The film is also known as Get That Girl in the United Kingdom.

Big Bear Lake
Big Bear Lake is a reservoir in the western United States, located in the San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino County, California. It is a snow and rain-fed lake, having no other means of tributaries or mechanical replenishment.

At a surface elevation of 6,743 ft (2,055 m) above sea level, it has an east–west length of approximately seven miles (11 km) and is approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) at its widest measurement, though the lake's width mostly averages a little more than 1⁄2 mi (0.8 km). These approximations are based on the lake having an optimum retainable water level. At dam's end, Big Bear measures its deepest water at 72 feet (22 m).
Kitiseni Lopati
Kitiseni Lopati MBE was a Tuvaluan politician who served as the minister of natural resources and commerce,  then as the minister of finance and commerce in the cabinet of prime minister Tomasi Puapua in his second term as prime minister of Tuvalu.

In September 1988, Lopati was appointed at the minister of finance and commerce to replaced Henry Naisali after he resigned his seat to take up the position of Secretary General of the South Pacific Forum. Lopati was not returned to parliament in the 1989 Tuvaluan general election.

He had earlier served as the Secretary of the Communications and Transport Department. In the 1979 Birthday Honours he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).

Tomasi Puapua
Sir Tomasi Puapua GCMG KBE (born 10 September 1938) is a political figure who represented Vaitupu in the Parliament of Tuvalu. He attended the Fiji School of Medicine and the Otago University Medical School. He married Riana Puapua.
Ondokuz Mayıs University Observatory
The Ondokuz Mayıs University Observatory (Turkish: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Gözlemevi) is a ground-based astronomical observatory operated by the Astronomy and Space Sciences Department at Ondokuz Mayıs University's  Faculty of Science. Established on June 1, 2006, it is located within the university campus at a distance of 14 km (8.7 mi) north-west of Samsun, northern Turkey. It is one of the six university observatories in the country.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
2010 Tour du Haut Var
The 2010 Tour du Haut Var was the 42nd edition of the Tour du Haut Var cycle race and was held on 20–21 February 2010. The race started in La Croix-Valmer and finished in Montauroux. The race was won by Christophe Le Mével.

Montauroux
Montauroux (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃toʁu]; Occitan: Montauron) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.

Its neighbour town is the smaller, picturesque Callian, which can be seen across a small valley.
Nihar Ameen
Nihar Ameen is the pre-eminent Indian swimming coach, winner of Dronacharya Award 2015, and leads the Dolphin Aquatics across multiple centres in India one of them being the Padukone-Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence, Bangalore.  Among his trainees are the first Indian athletes to qualify for the Olympics, Hakimuddin Habibulla at Sydney, 2000, Shikha Tandon at Athens, 2004 and Virdhawal Khade and Sandeep Sejwal for Beijing, 2008. He has also coached Meghana Narayan.

In 1989-1992, Ameen was assistant national team coach in the United States with Team Director and Olympic Coach, Jack Nelson.

Nihar Ameen is also a member of the panel of experts for GoSports Foundation, a sports Non-governmental organisation.  He is an alumnus of the Bishop Cotton Boys' School.

Meghana Narayan
Meghana Narayan (born 11 May 1984 in Pune, Maharashtra, India) is an international swimming champion. She was also one of India's Rhodes Scholars in 2000, and currently works as a management consultant in London.
Quartz Lake (Alaska)
Quartz Lake is a mid-sized lake about 10 mi (16 km) north of Delta Junction, Alaska. It was named Quartz Lake by early mineral prospectors in the area. Much of the lake shore is private property but the Quartz Lake State Recreation Area is also located on the lake via a short access road from the Richardson Highway. The recreation area has campgrounds, hiking trails, public use cabins, and access to both Quartz Lake and nearby Little Lost Lake. The lake is fairly shallow in most places, even if well offshore, but has a few deeper areas as well. It is stocked with rainbow trout, Arctic char and salmon. Stocking is partially funded by the Sportfish Restoration Program, which uses tax money from the purchase of fishing equipment and boating fuels to fund hatchery programs.

Campsite
Campsite, campground, and camping pitch are all related terms regarding a place used for camping (an overnight stay in an outdoor area). The usage differs between British English and American English.

In British English, a campsite is an area, usually divided into a number of camping pitches, where people can camp overnight using tents, campervans or caravans. In the US, the expression used is campground and not campsite. In American English, the term campsite generally means an area where an individual, family, group, or military unit can pitch a tent or park a camper; a campground may contain many campsites.

There are two types of campsites (US) or pitches (UK): one, a designated area with various facilities; or two, an impromptu area (as one might decide to stop while backpacking or hiking, or simply adjacent to a road through the wilderness).