hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North Midland Divisional Engineers
The North Midland Divisional Engineers was a Territorial Force unit of the British Royal Engineers created in 1908 by conversion of a volunteer infantry battalion from Staffordshire. It saw action in World War I at the Hohenzollern Redoubt, Gommecourt, Ypres, Cambrai, the German spring offensive and the Hundred Days Offensive, culminating in the assault crossings of the St Quentin Canal, the Selle and the Sambre. During World War II its component units saw action in the Battle of France, in Greece, Tunisia, Italy, Normandy and the Rhine crossing.

Battle of the Sambre (1918)
The Second Battle of the Sambre (4 November 1918) (which included the Second Battle of Guise (French: 2ème Bataille de Guise) and the Battle of Thiérache (French: Bataille de Thiérache) was part of the final European Allied offensives of World War I.
Investec
Investec is an Anglo-South African international banking and wealth management group, founded in Johannesburg, South Africa. It provides a range of financial products and services to a client base in Europe, Southern Africa, and Asia-Pacific.

Investec is dual-listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. It is a constituent of the FTSE 250 index.

They are the current primary sponsors of the European Rugby Champions Cup.

England and Wales Cricket Board
The England and Wales Cricket Board (abbreviated as ECB) is the national governing body of cricket in England and Wales. It was formed on 1 January 1997 as a single governing body to combine the roles formerly fulfilled by the Test and County Cricket Board, the National Cricket Association and the Cricket Council. In April 1998 the Women's Cricket Association was integrated into the organisation. The ECB's head offices are at Lord's Cricket Ground in north-west London.

The board oversees all levels of cricket in England and Wales, including the national teams: England Men (Test, One Day International and T20I), England Women, England Lions (Men's second tier), Physical Disability, Learning Disability, Visually Impaired, and Deaf.

Although the organisation is the England and Wales Cricket Board, it is referred to as the ECB, as a result of a decision by those overseeing the transition from the previous bodies.
Jamal Aghmani
Jamal Aghmani or Rhmani (Arabic: جمال أغماني; born 1958, Rabat) is a Moroccan politician of the Socialist Union of Popular Forces party. Between 2007 and 2012, he held the position of Minister of Employment and Vocational Training in the cabinet of Abbas El Fassi. He has a bachelor's in social science from the University of Mohammed V and was a professor at the same institution before becoming minister.

Abbas El Fassi
Abbas El Fassi (/əˈbæs ɛl ˈfæsi/ ⓘ; Arabic: عباس الفاسي, romanized: ʿAbbās al-Fāsī; born 18 September 1940) is a Moroccan politician and businessman who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 19 September 2007 to 29 November 2011. El Fassi, a member of the Istiqlal Party, replaced independent Driss Jettou.
Kattumakkan
Kattumakkan (English: Wildcat) is a 2016 Indian Malayalam-language feature film directed by Shalil Kallur and starring Mukesh, Vijay Menon and Nassar with Pashanam Shaji, Dharmajan Bolgatty, Satheesh Menon and S. P. Sreekumar. The film introduces Rahul and Eden Kuriakosse as hero and heroine respectively.

Nassar (actor)
Nassar (born Muhammad Hanif; 5 March 1958) is an Indian actor, director, producer, voice artist, singer and politician who mainly works in the Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam film industries. He has also worked in a few Kannada,  English, Hindi  and Bengali films. He is the incumbent president of the Nadigar Sangam, a trade union for film, television, and stage actors in Tamil Nadu.
Songhuajiang, Jilin
Songhuajiang (Chinese: 松花江; pinyin: Sōnghuājiāng) is a town in the city of Dehui, in the north of Jilin Province in Northeast China. The town lies on the southern bank of the Songhua River and is located 28 kilometres (17 mi) north-northeast of Dehui. With a population of 42,000 (as of 2011) and an area of 165 square kilometres (64 sq mi), it borders the towns of Caiyuanzi (菜园子镇) to the north, Chalukou (岔路口镇) to the south, Yangshu (杨树镇) to the east, and Dajiagou (达家沟镇) to the west. The town seat is in Songhuajiang Village (松花江村).

The area has good transportation links, with the Hada Railway (Harbin–Dalian) and the Jingha Expressway (Beijing–Harbin) nearby.

Songhua River
The Songhua or Sunghwa River (also Haixi or Xingal, Russian: Сунгари, romanized: Sungari) is one of the primary rivers of China, and the longest tributary of the Amur. It flows about 1,897 km (1,179 mi) from Changbai Mountains on the China–North Korea border through China's northeastern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

The river drains 557,180 km2 (215,130 sq mi) of land, and has an annual discharge of 76.2 km3/a (2,410 m3/s) to 81.77 km3/a (2,591 m3/s).

The extreme flatness of the Northeast China Plain has caused the river to meander over time, filling the wide plain with oxbow lakes, as remnants of the previous paths of the river.
Kodlamane
14°14′9″N 74°30′31″E﻿ / ﻿14.23583°N 74.50861°E﻿ / 14.23583; 74.50861

Kodlamane is a Tirth Khestra and Hindu pilgrimage site in Honnavar Taluka of Uttara Kannada district in Karnataka state, India. It is the site of Kodlamane Shree Vishnumurthy Temple of Serenity and Mystery, an ancient well-preserved Tirth Kshetra. According to local legend, the temple was discovered in the middle of dense hill forest several centuries ago. A natural stream called Vishnu Tirth flows next to the temple.

Designed and built on Vedic Hindu architecture, the temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu, who is the only giver of Moksha or Mukti, and is a place of great spiritual significance and Mukti Stal. The temple is one kilometer from Idagunji and 23 km from Honnavar Taluk. This temple is famous for Darshana Seva.

Tirtha (Hinduism)
Tirtha (Sanskrit: तीर्थ, tīrtha) is a Sanskrit word that means "crossing place, ford", and refers to any place, text or person that is holy. It particularly refers to pilgrimage sites and holy places in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

The process or journey associated with tirtha is called tirtha-yatra, while alternate terms such as kshetra, gopitha and mahalaya are used in some Hindu traditions to refer to a "place of pilgrimage".
Burn the Bridges
Burn the Bridges (Spanish: Quemar las naves) is a 2007 Mexican film directed by Francisco Franco Alba, from an original script co-written by Franco and actress Maria Reneé Prudencio. The film was shot in the Mexican state of Zacatecas and addresses issues such as self-assertion, loss, adolescence, and sexual relations. It officially premiered in October 2007 at the Festival Internacional de Cine de Morelia. The title refers to a widely known Mexican saying, which means "to cut all ties holding someone to something or someone"—something Hernán Cortés is believed to have done when he and his men set foot for the first time in continental America, in order to avoid mutiny or desertion during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.

Zacatecas
Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas.

It is located in north-central Mexico and is bordered by the states of Durango to the northwest, Coahuila to the north, Nayarit to the west, San Luis Potosí and Nuevo León to the east, and Jalisco, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes to the south. The state is best known for its rich deposits of silver and other minerals, its colonial architecture and its importance during the Mexican Revolution. Its main economic activities are mining, agriculture and tourism.
New Zealand coot
The New Zealand coot (Fulica prisca) is an extinct bird in the rail family, Rallidae, that was endemic to New Zealand. It was described in 1893 by New Zealand naturalist, ethnologist and museum director Augustus Hamilton, from material he had collected the previous year at Castle Rocks on the Ōreti River in Southland. The Latin specific epithet prisca means "old", referring to its subfossil occurrence. Remains have subsequently been found at several sites in both North and South Islands.

Rail (bird)
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes such ubiquitous species as the crakes, coots, and gallinule; other rail species are extremely rare or endangered. Many are associated with wetland habitats, some being semi-aquatic like waterfowl (such as the coot), but many more are wading birds or shorebirds. The ideal rail habitats are marsh areas, including rice paddies, and flooded fields or open forest. They are especially fond of dense vegetation for nesting. The rail family is found in every terrestrial habitat with the exception of dry desert, polar or freezing regions, and alpine areas (above the snow line). Members of Rallidae occur on every continent except Antarctica. Numerous unique island species are known.
2009 Greek forest fires
The 2009 Greek forest fires were a series of massive wildfires that broke out across several areas in Greece during the summer of 2009. The fires began in Grammatiko, about 25 mi (40 km) north-east of the Greek capital, Athens on 21 August 2009 and spread quickly towards the suburbs, engulfing fourteen towns within the next three days. 10,000 residents of Agios Stefanos were asked to evacuate the area. Approximately 600 firefighters and soldiers, twelve fire-fighting aircraft and nine helicopters were deployed to extinguish the fire. These fires are the worst since 2007, though no casualties have been reported.

Grammatiko
Grammatiko (Greek: Γραμματικό) is a village in East Attica, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Marathon, of which it is a municipal unit. It is part of the Athens metropolitan area.
Bagnone
Bagnone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Massa and Carrara in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Florence and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Massa in the Lunigiana, facing the Monte Sillara, which has a peak elevation of 1,861 metres (6,106 ft). The Bagnone torrent crosses the Communal territory, a left affluence of the Magra River.

Sights include the castle, the churches of San Niccolò (rebuilt in the 18th century, including a 15th-century Madonna del Pianto from the medieval edifice) and San Leonardo (1785) and the oratory of San Terenzio (housing 17th-century paintings).

On 22 August 2009, a lottery player from Bagnone won an estimated €146.9 million (£128 million / US$211 million) in Italy's SuperEnalotto. This is considered Europe's biggest ever lottery win.

Province of Massa-Carrara
The province of Massa-Carrara (Italian: provincia di Massa-Carrara) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is named after the provincial capital Massa, and Carrara, the other main town in the province.
Viola nephrophylla
Viola nephrophylla (northern bog violet, Leconte violet, or kidney leaved violet) syn. Viola nephrophylla Greene f. albinea (Farw.), Viola pratincola Greene, Viola retusa Greene, is an annual or perennial forb in the Violet family (Violaceae) native to North America.

Viola nephrophylla was named by Edward Lee Greene in 1896 from specimens he collected near Montrose, Colorado. The species name, nephrophylla, is from the Greek for "kidney shaped leaves".

Its habitats include moist meadows and open woods.

Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola,  the violets and pansies.

Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. However, molecular phylogeny studies place the family in the Malpighiales as reflected in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification, with 41 other families, where it is situated in the parietal clade of 11 families. Most of the species are found in three large genera, Viola, Rinorea and Hybanthus. The other genera are largely monotypic or oligotypic. The genera are grouped into four clades within the family. The species are largely tropical or subtropical but Viola has a number of species in temperate regions. Many genera have a very restricted distribution.
Abdul Halim (nationalist)
Kyai Haji Abdul Halim, known as KH Abdul Halim Majalengka (1887–1962) was an Indonesian Islamic scholar and nationalist figure. He founded a number of Islamic organizations in the Dutch East Indies, including the Hayatul Qulub and the Persyarikatan Ulama and was a member of several national consultative councils during the transition to Indonesian independence in the 1940s. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 2008 by then-president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

Hajji
Hajji (Arabic: الحجّي; sometimes spelled Hajjeh, Hadji, Haji, Alhaji,  Al-HadjListenⓘ , Al-Haj or El-Hajj) is an honorific title which is given to a Muslim who is attending and performing the Hajj during the specific period to Mecca}}Hajj to Mecca.
Hero of the Patriotic War
The Hero of the Patriotic War (Azerbaijani: Vətən Müharibəsi Qəhrəmanı) is the highest title in Azerbaijan. The title was created by the law "Regulations on the title of "Hero of the Patriotic War" of the Republic of Azerbaijan" dated 26 November 2020 and the decree of the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev dated 1 December 2020. It was established on the occasion of Azerbaijan being the victor in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. Its recipient is also awarded with the Hero of the Patriotic War Medal.

The title of Hero of the Patriotic War is conferred by the President of Azerbaijan on his own initiative, or on the proposal of the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Border Service, the State Security Service, and the Foreign Intelligence Service of Azerbaijan. This title can only be awarded once. The Heroes of the Patriotic War enjoy the benefits established by law.

Foreign Intelligence Service (Azerbaijan)
The Foreign Intelligence Service of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Xarici Kəşfiyyat Xidməti) is one of the special services of Azerbaijan. The main goal of the Foreign Intelligence Service is to increase the effectiveness of the activities of special services, as well as to improve the structure of state administration. The head of the Foreign Intelligence Service is Colonel General Orkhan Sultanov.
Olympiodorus (military leader)
Olympiodoros (Ancient Greek: Ὀλυμπιόδωρος) was a military leader (General) in Athens in ancient Greece. His capacity as a savior of Athens and his self-confident power and serious engagement during political crises were emphasized. He was elected Strategos. He took part in the established Athenian coalition government with Philippides of Paiania. He commanded a body of three hundred picked men at the Battle of Plataea, who were engaged in a service from which all the other Greeks shrank. He was an Athenian general who, when Athens was attacked by Cassander, compelled the latter to withdraw his forces. He subsequently rid the city of the Macedonian garrison Demetrius had stationed there, and successfully defended Athens against Demetrius himself.

Strategos
Strategos (pl.  strategoi), also known by its Latinised form strategus, is a Greek term meaning 'military general'. In the Hellenistic world and in the Byzantine Empire, the term also described a military governor. In the modern Hellenic Army, it is the highest officer rank.
Joseph Boskin
Joseph Boskin (August 10, 1929 – February 16, 2025) was professor of history and ethnic and urban studies at Boston University. His interests included American social history, popular culture, ethnicity, conflict and violence, and humor research.

Humor research
Humor research (also humor studies) is a multifaceted field which enters the domains of linguistics, history, and literature. Research in humor has been done to understand the psychological and physiological effects, both positive and negative, on a person or groups of people. Research in humor has revealed many different theories of humor and many different kinds of humor including their functions and effects personally, in relationships, and in society.
Piano Concerto (Dvořák)
The Concerto for Piano and Orchestra in G minor, Op. 33, is the only piano concerto by Czech composer Antonín Dvořák. Written in 1876, it was the first of three concertos that Dvořák completed, followed by the Violin Concerto, Op. 53 from 1879 and the Cello Concerto, Op. 104, written in 1894–1895. The piano concerto is the least known and least performed of Dvořák's concertos.

As the music critic Harold C. Schonberg put it, Dvořák wrote "an attractive Piano Concerto in G minor with a rather ineffective piano part, a beautiful Violin Concerto in A minor, and a supreme Cello Concerto in B minor".

Harold C. Schonberg
Harold Charles Schonberg (29 November 1915 – 26 July 2003) was an American music critic and author. He is best known for his contributions to The New York Times, where he was chief music critic from 1960 to 1980. In 1971, he became the first music critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism.

An influential critic, he is noted for his "crisp, often staccato style that gave his evaluations unequivocal clarity and directness", and his encouragement of Romantic music and of pianists like Sviatoslav Richter. He wrote several books, notably The Lives of the Great Composers. He also reviewed crime fiction under the alias Newgate Callendar and wrote about chess. A collection of his columns was published as Facing the Music.
Twenty Townships
The Twenty Townships are an area in central New York that now is largely a part of Madison and Chenango counties.  The area was also known as Clinton's Purchase, for the sale by the Oneida Nation to New York in 1788 was made under Governor George Clinton.

In the late twentieth century, the United States Supreme Court ruled the sale had been unconstitutional, as the state had no authority to deal directly with the Native Americans, and never had its treaty ratified by the US Senate.

Brookfield, New York
Brookfield is a town in Madison County, New York, United States. The population was 2,247 at the 2020 census, down from 2,545 in 2010.

The town is located in the southeastern part of Madison County. The county agricultural fair is held here every year.
Greek ship Thyella
At least two ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Thyella (Greek: Θύελλα, "Storm"):

Greek destroyer Thyella (1907), a Thyella-class destroyer launched in 1907 and sunk in 1941.

Greek destroyer Thyella (D28), a Fletcher-class destroyer launched in 1942 as USS Bradford transferred to Greece in 1962 and renamed. She was scrapped in 1981.

USS Bradford
USS Bradford (DD-545) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy. She was named for Captain Gamaliel Bradford (1768–1824), a privateer during the Quasi-War with France.

Bradford was launched 12 December 1942 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding, Terminal Island, Calif., sponsored by Mrs. Sarah Bradford Rose, great-great-granddaughter of Captain Bradford, and commissioned 12 June 1943.
Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
A Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Century I is a six-volume history published in 1930 and written by B.H. Roberts, a general authority and Assistant Church Historian of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  It should not be confused with the seven-volume History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (nicknamed Documentary History of the Church), which was also produced by Roberts in the early 20th-century but as an editor and which focused on the history of Joseph Smith.

General authority
A general authority is a member of the highest levels of leadership within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who has administrative and ecclesiastical authority over the church. A general authority's jurisdiction is church-wide, in contrast to the responsibilities of a local authority or an area authority, which relate to a particular area, unit, or department of the church. As a group, the general authorities are often referred to as "the Brethren". As of April 2023, the church listed 95 general authorities.
James Purdey & Sons
James Purdey & Sons, or simply Purdey, is a British gunmaker based in London, England. It specialises in high-end bespoke sporting shotguns and rifles. Purdey holds Royal Warrants of appointment as gun and rifle makers to the British and other European royal families.

Bespoke
Bespoke (/biˈspoʊk/ ⓘ) describes anything commissioned to a particular specification, altered or tailored to the customs, tastes, or usage of an individual purchaser. In contemporary usage, bespoke has become a general marketing and branding concept implying exclusivity and limited runs.
Reliance (1815 ship)
Reliance was launched at Coringa in 1815. She sailed east of the Cape of Good Hope until c.1827 when she sailed to England and assumed British registry. Once in Britain she sailed back and forth to Bengal under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She also twice transported military convicts to New South Wales from Bengal. In 1832 Bennett sent Reliance on a whaling voyage to the Pacific. After she returned she sailed on a second whaling voyage, but this time to the Indian Ocean where she wrecked at the end of 1836.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
1996 World Cup (snooker)
The 1996 Snooker World Cup was a team snooker tournament which returned after a six-year absence. With the increasing rise of snooker in some countries, This new version has 20 teams in the championship and it was played in Bangkok in Thailand. Scotland's  'Dream Team' with Stephen Hendry, Alan McManus and John Higgins were strong favourites to win from the start and they did so by beating Republic of Ireland with Ken Doherty, Fergal O'Brien and Stephen Murphy to win their only World Cup. Higgins got the highest break of the tournament with a 139 in his semi-final match against Thailand's Tai Pichit. The tournament was a success but hosting the event had become too costly that the event was withdrawn afterward.

Alan McManus
Alan McManus (born 21 January 1971) is a Scottish retired professional snooker player, and a current commentator and pundit for ITV, BBC and TNT on snooker coverage. A mainstay of the world's top sixteen during the 1990s and 2000s, he has won two ranking events, the 1994 Dubai Classic and the 1996 Thailand Open, and competed in the World Championship semi-finals in 1992, 1993 and 2016. He also won the 1994 Masters, ending Stephen Hendry's five-year, 23-match unbeaten streak at the tournament with a 9–8 victory in the final. McManus announced his retirement on 9 April 2021 after losing 6–3 to Bai Langning in the second qualifying round of the 2021 World Snooker Championship.