hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military dictatorship in Nigeria
The military dictatorship in Nigeria was a period when members of the Nigerian Armed Forces held power in Nigeria from 1966 to 1999 with an interregnum from 1979 to 1983. The military was able to rise to power often with the tacit support of the elite through coup d'états. Since the country became a republic in 1963, there had been a series of military coups.

Abdulsalami Abubakar
Abdulsalami Abubakar GCFR (/ˌɑːbdəlsəˈlæmi ˌɑːbuˈbɑːkɑːr/ ⓘ; born 13 June 1942) is a retired Nigerian army general who served as the military head of state of Nigeria from 1998 to 1999. He was also Chief of Defence Staff from 1997 to 1998. He succeeded General Sani Abacha upon the latter's death.

During his leadership, Nigeria adopted a modified version of the 1979 constitution, which provided for multiparty elections. He transferred power to president-elect Olusegun Obasanjo on 29 May 1999. He is the current Chairman of the National Peace Committee.
Polyakov action
In physics, the Polyakov action is an action of the two-dimensional conformal field theory describing the worldsheet of a string in string theory. It was introduced by Stanley Deser and Bruno Zumino and independently by L. Brink, P. Di Vecchia and P. S. Howe in 1976, and has become associated with Alexander Polyakov after he made use of it in quantizing the string in 1981. The action reads:

where  is the string tension,  is the metric of the target manifold,  is the worldsheet metric,  its inverse, and  is the determinant of . The metric signature is chosen such that timelike directions are + and the spacelike directions are −. The spacelike worldsheet coordinate is called , whereas the timelike worldsheet coordinate is called . This is also known as the nonlinear sigma model.

The Polyakov action must be supplemented by the Liouville action to describe string fluctuations.

Alexander Markovich Polyakov
Alexander Markovich Polyakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ма́ркович Поляко́в; born 27 September 1945) is a Russian theoretical physicist, formerly at the Landau Institute in Moscow and, since 1989, at Princeton University, where he is the Joseph Henry Professor of Physics Emeritus.
2012 Boyd Tinsley Women's Clay Court Classic – Doubles
Sharon Fichman and Marie-Ève Pelletier were the defending champions, but Pelletier chose not to participate. Fichman partnered up with Valeria Solovieva, but lost in the semifinals to Elena Bovina and Julia Glushko.

Maria Sanchez and Yasmin Schnack won the title, defeating Bovina and Glushko in the final, 6–2, 6–2.

Marie-Ève Pelletier
Marie-Ève Pelletier (French pronunciation: [maʁi ɛv pɛltje]; born May 18, 1982) is a Canadian former professional tennis player. She reached career-high rankings by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of 106 in singles and 54 in doubles.
Turkey (nickname)
Turkey is a nickname of:

Mike Donlin (1878–1933), American baseball player and actor

Turkey Gross (1896–1936), American baseball player and manager

Joe Jones (defensive end) (born 1948), American former National Football League player

Adrian Mannix (born 1988), Irish hurler

Turkey Smart (1830–1919), British champion speed skater

Turkey Stearnes (1901–1979), American baseball player in the Negro leagues

Turkey Tolson Tjupurrula (c. 1938–2001), Australian Indigenous artist

Turkey Tayac (1895–1978), American Indian leader and herbal doctor

Little Turkey (1758–1801), Cherokee leader

Turkey Tolson Tjupurrula
Turkey Tolson Tjupurrula (sometimes just Turkey Tolson; c. 1938 – 10 August 2001) was a Pintupi-speaking Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region. Born near Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory, Turkey Tolson was a major figure in the Papunya Tula art movement, and the longest-serving chairman of the company formed to represent its artists.

A painter whose creative output spanned nearly three decades, controversy erupted briefly in 1999, when disputed declarations were made by the artist regarding whether some works under his signature had been painted by some female relatives. Creator of the work Straightening spears at Ilyingaungau (1990), Tolson's paintings are held by several major Australian public galleries, including the Art Gallery of South Australia, National Gallery of Victoria and the National Museum of Australia.
1988 Arab Cup final
The 1988 Arab Cup final was a football match that took place on 21 July 1988, at the Amman International Stadium in Amman, Jordan, to determine the winner of the 1988 Arab Cup. Iraq defeated Syria 4–3 on penalties after a draw 1–1 in regulation and extra time to win their fourth Arab Cup.

This victory marked Iraq's dominance in Arab football during the 1980s, having previously won three Arab Cups. Basil Gorgis was instrumental in Iraq’s success, scoring their goal and converting his penalty in the shootout. The final also showcased Syria’s resilience, with Walid Al-Nasser scoring their only goal in the match.

Amman International Stadium
The Amman International Stadium (Arabic: ستاد عمان الدولي) is a stadium in Al-Hussein City, Amman, Jordan. It was built in 1964 and opened in 1968. It is owned by the Government of Jordan and operated by the Higher Council of Youth. It is also the home stadium of the Jordan national football team and Al-Faisaly SC. It has a current capacity of 17,619 spectators.
Amanda (singer)
Amanda Djamila Kretz Lameche, known professionally as Amanda (born 24 March 1985), is a French-born Swedish pop singer who started her career in music after her family settled in Täby, Sweden. She was discovered at the age of 10 by the wife of Anders Bagge, who became one of her songwriters. Murlyn Songs became her producers.

Amanda became the first young female pop act to sign with Madonna's Maverick Records, making her professional debut with "You Don't Stand a Chance", from the Rugrats in Paris movie soundtrack. In 2000, Lameche recorded her debut album, entitled Everybody Doesn't, released in 2001. The title track "Everybody Doesn't" was her first and only single to date, peaking at #81 on the Billboard Hot 100. Before the release she embarked on a 40 city radio tour to promote her single.

Amanda's younger sister, Anaïs Lameche, is also a singer and is known for being a part of the successful group Play, which sold nearly one million albums.

Täby Municipality
Täby Municipality (Swedish: Täby kommun) is a municipality north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Täby (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈtɛ̌ːbʏ] ⓘ). Täby Municipality can be characterized as a suburb of Stockholm.

The municipality is one of few in Sweden which has approximately the same size as the original entity created out of Täby parish, when the first local government acts came into force in 1863. It has not been amalgamated with other units, but minor changes of its limits have been carried out.
Raymond Carr
Sir Albert Raymond Maillard Carr FBA FRHistS FRSL (11 April 1919 – 19 April 2015) was an English historian specialising in the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden. From 1968 to 1987, he was Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford.

Warden (college)
Warden is a title used by the heads of some university colleges, halls of residence, and other institutions. Its use in this sense dates back at least to the 13th century at Merton College, Oxford, as a translation of the Latin custos.
Cai Huichao
Cai Huichao (born 22 October 1983) is a Chinese Paralympic powerlifter with cerebral palsy. He represented China at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and at the 2016 Summer Paralympics and he won two medals: the gold medal in the men's 90 kg event in 2008 and the silver medal in the men's 90 kg event in 2012.

At the 2010 Asian Para Games held in Guangzhou, China, he won the gold medal in the men's 90 kg event.

Powerlifting at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's 90 kg
The men's 90 kg powerlifting event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was contested on 15 September at the Beihang University Gymnasium in Beijing, China. This event was the third-heaviest of the men's powerlifting weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 90 kilograms (198.4 lb) of body mass.

As with all Paralympic powerlifting events, lifters competed in the bench press. Each athlete was allowed three attempts to bench press as much weight as possible. Athletes attempting to break a record were allowed a fourth attempt. For the attempt to be valid, the competitor must have lowered the weighted bar to his chest, held it motionless for a moment, then pressed the bar upwards until his arms were fully extended. If the competitor failed to meet these requirements or any other rule infraction was committed, the attempt was declared invalid by a team of three referees and the result struck from the record.
Race Across the World series 4
The fourth series of Race Across the World began airing on 10 April 2024. Each two-person team was required to complete the 15,000 kilometres (9,300 mi) route from Japan to Indonesia without using air travel, and was given a budget equal to the cost of the air fare. Contestants were provided with only a map, travel guide and GPS tracker.

On 27 March 2024, the BBC announced that the fourth series of Race Across the World would begin airing on 10 April. The five pairs of competitors are Brydie and Sharon, Alfie and Owen, Stephen and Viv, Eugenie and Isabel, and Betty and James.

Langkawi
Langkawi, officially known as Langkawi, the Jewel of Kedah (Malay: Langkawi Permata Kedah), is a duty-free island and an archipelago of 99 islands (plus five small islands visible only at low tide in the Strait of Malacca) located some 30 kilometres (19 mi) off the coast of northwestern Malaysia and a few kilometres south of Ko Tarutao, adjacent to the Thai border. Politically, it is an administrative district of Kedah, with Kuah as its largest town. Langkawi was developed as a tourist destination in the 1980s, and Pantai Cenang is the island's most popular beach and tourist area.
Emamzadeh Harun
Emamzadeh Harun (Persian: امامزاده هارون, also Romanized as Emāmzādeh Hārūn) is a village in Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 9 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Beaver, Oregon
Beaver is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States, along U.S. Route 101 and the Nestucca River, about 12 miles (19 km) south of Tillamook. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Beaver as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. As of the 2020 census, Beaver had a population of 163.

Tillamook, Oregon
Tillamook (/ˈtɪləmʊk/ TILL-ə-muuk) is a city in and the county seat of Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. The city is located on the southeast end of Tillamook Bay on the Pacific Ocean. The population was 5,231 at the 2020 census.
Malacologia
Malacologia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology, the study of mollusks. The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics, ecology, population ecology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, and phylogenetics. The editor-in-chief is Charles Lydeard (Morehead State University).

The journal specializes in publishing long papers and monographs. The journal publishes at least one, sometimes two, volumes of about 400 pages per year, which may consist of 1 or 2 issues. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2022 impact factor is 1.3. This ranks Malacologia 81st out of 177 listed journals in the category "Zoology". The journal started publication in 1962.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Dissophora
Dissophora is a genus of fungi in the Mortierellaceae family of the Mucoromycota. The genus is widespread in north temperate regions and contains three species. Dissophora was circumscribed by American mycologist Roland Thaxter in 1914.

Roland Thaxter
Roland Thaxter (August 28, 1858 – April 22, 1932) was an American mycologist, plant pathologist, botanist, and entomologist, renowned for his contribution to the insect parasitic fungi—Laboulbeniales. His college education was completed at Harvard, where he dedicated forty years to mycological and botanical research. His five-volume series on fungi in the order Laboulbeniales laid a solid foundation of research on these insect ectoparasites. He also contributed to the field of Plant Pathology.
FIA WTCR Race of Germany
The FIA WTCR Race of Germany, previously known as the FIA WTCC Race of Germany, is a round of the World Touring Car Cup, which originally was held at the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben in Germany.

The race ran at Oschersleben every year since the return of World Touring Car Championship from 2005 to 2011. It was left off the 2012 calendar. The event returned to the calendar in 2015, this time hosted at the Nürburgring Nordschleife as part of the 24 Hours Nürburgring weekend. The races are three laps each.

2005 World Touring Car Championship
The 2005 World Touring Car Championship was the second season of World Touring Car Championship motor racing, and the first since 1987. It featured the 2005 FIA World Touring Car Championship which was contested over a ten event, twenty race series which commenced on 10 April and ended on 20 November. The championship was open to Super 2000 cars, Diesel 2000 cars and Super Production cars as defined by the FIA. Andy Priaulx won the Drivers' Championship and BMW won the Manufacturers' title.

Organised by KSO, a subsidiary of Eurosport, the championship was an evolution of the former European Touring Car Championship, elevated to World Championship status by the FIA for 2005 with the introduction of races outside Europe. The European title was given to the new European Touring Car Cup, a one-off event.
Eupithecia bohatschi
Eupithecia bohatschi is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Otto Staudinger in 1897. It is found in Tuva, Transbaikalia, the Russian Far East, Mongolia, northern China and Korea.

The wingspan is about 18 mm.

Transbaikal
Transbaikal, Trans-Baikal, Transbaikalia (Russian: Забайка́лье, romanized: Zabaykal'ye, IPA: [zəbɐjˈkalʲjɪ]), or Dauria (Даурия, Dauriya) is a mountainous region to the east of or "beyond" (trans-) Lake Baikal at the south side of the eastern Siberia and the south-western corner of the Far Eastern Russia.

The steppe and wetland landscapes of Dauria are protected by the Daursky Nature Reserve, which forms part of a World Heritage Site named "Landscapes of Dauria".
2016 Golden Movie Awards
2016 Golden Movie Awards is an annual award that celebrates outstanding achievement in African television and film. The event took place on Saturday June 25, 2016, at the Kempiski Hotel. It was hosted by DKB and Anita Erskine of EIB network.

Anita Erskine
Anita Erskine  (born Vered - Marian Anita Erskine; 3 December 1978) is a Ghanaian media and communications entrepreneur, broadcaster, and talk show host who broadcasts in both English and French. She is also a professional compère, actress and girls' education advocate. She is the executive producer and host of Anita Erskine's Sheroes (formerly Sheroes of Our Time), which airs on the Anita Erskine Network on YouTube, and also on Akwaaba Magic on DSTV. She is the official host and an advisor of Africa's Business Heroes (formerly Africa Netpreneur Prize Initiative), the Jack Ma Foundation's flagship philanthropic entrepreneur program in Africa.
IMOCA 60 Biotherm
Biotherm is an IMOCA 60 monohull sailing yacht, designed by Guillaume Verdier and constructed by Persico Marine in Italy, launched on 31 August 2022. It is designed for the Vendée Globe 2024, a solo  round the world yacht race. Its skipper is the French sailor Paul Meilhat.

2024–2025 Vendée Globe
The 2024–2025 Vendée Globe was a non-stop round the world yacht race for IMOCA 60 class yachts crewed by only one person. It was the tenth edition of the race; it started (on 10 November 2024), and finished, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, France.
2012 División de Honor de Béisbol
División de Honor de Béisbol 2012 is the 27th season since its establishment. 2012 season started on February 25.

El Llano BC was promoted from 1ª División and replaces relegated team Sevilla Red Sox. After FC Barcelona baseball team was disbanded, the players created a new team called Béisbol Barcelona.

The two first teams of the regular season will play a best-of-five series playoff for the title. The last team will be relegated to 1ª División.

El Llano BC
El Llano Béisbol Club (El Llano Baseball Club in English language) is a baseball and softball team in the Spanish baseball league. Founded in 1986, the club is based at the El LLano, a neighbourhood of the city of Gijón in Asturias.
Flag of Qatar
The flag of Qatar (Arabic: عَلَمْ قَطَرْ) is in the ratio of 11:28. It is maroon with a broad white serrated band of nine points at the hoist. It was adopted shortly before the country declared independence from the United Kingdom on 3 September 1971 as a slight color change from an earlier flag adopted from 1949. The triangular edges represent Qatar as the 9th "reconciled emirate".
The flag is similar to the flag of Bahrain, which has fewer points, a 3:5 proportion, and a red colour instead of maroon. Qatar's flag is the only national flag having a width more than twice its height.

Mohammed bin Thani
Mohammed bin Thani (Arabic: محمد بن ثاني; c. 1788 – 18 December 1878), also known as Mohammed bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir (Arabic: محمد بن ثاني بن محمد آل ثامر), was the first ruler from the House of Thani  to rule the whole Qatari Peninsula, officially being recognized by the British in September 1868 following a meeting with British representative Lewis Pelly. He is known for being the father of Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, the founder of Qatar and who fended off the Ottoman army in the late 19th century.
Samartex
Football Club Samartex 1996, more commonly known as Samartex, is a Ghanaian professional football club based in Samreboi, Western Region, Ghana, that competes in the Ghana Premier League, the top-flight of Ghanaian football. It plays its home matches at Samartex Park.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.
2017–18 Liga FPD
The 2017–18 Liga FPD season, also known as Campeonato Banco Popular for sponsorship reasons, is the 97th since its establishment. The tournament is the first since the 2006–07 season to use the Apertura and Clausura names to their short tournaments, marking a departure from the Invierno and Verano tournaments.

The Voit Lummo is the official match ball of the tournament. Herediano entered as the defending champions, but lost the title in the Apertura finals to Pérez Zeledón.

Guadalupe F.C.
Guadalupe Fútbol Club is a Costa Rican professional football club that competes in the Primera División de Costa Rica. Based in San José suburb of Guadalupe, the club made their debut in the Liga FPD on July 29, 2017.

Founded in 2017, the team takes over the franchise of Belén F.C. after its owner, Antonio Abasolo, decided to pursue better economic results after poor support received by the former franchise.

On 15 June 2017, Olman Vega resigned from his charge as president of the club. Vega cited inconformity within the club as the reason for his departure.
Konstantin Loktev
Konstantin Borisovich Loktev (April 16, 1933 – November 4, 1996) was a Soviet ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League. He played for HC CSKA Moscow. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964. He was born and died in Moscow.

Loktev was the coach of CSKA Moscow when the team played the Super Series '76 against teams in the National Hockey League (NHL). CSKA won against the Boston Bruins and New York Rangers, tied the Montreal Canadiens (who would go on to win the 1976 Stanley Cup) and lost to the Philadelphia Flyers. The loss to the Flyers gained extra notoriety when, during the first period, Loktev pulled the team off the ice after Flyers defenceman Ed Van Impe delivered a body check to Valeri Kharlamov that Loktev felt should have been penalized. After a delay, the team returned to the ice and played out the game.

Loktev was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2007.

Ed Van Impe
Edward Charles Van Impe (May 27, 1940 – April 29, 2025) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Black Hawks, Philadelphia Flyers, and Pittsburgh Penguins.
1992 United States presidential election in Georgia
The 1992 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 3, 1992, and was part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Georgia was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-AR). The presidential contest in Georgia was the closest of any state that year, with Clinton winning 43.47% to 42.88% over Incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-TX) by a thin margin of 0.59%. This made it the first time that Georgia had voted Democratic since 1980, when it voted for Jimmy Carter, the former governor. The state flipped back into the Republican column in 1996 and stayed there until 2020. From the mid-1960s into the 1990s, Georgia was a swing state in presidential elections, but also a state where Democrats generally dominated at the state and local level. Billionaire businessman Ross Perot (I-TX) finished third, with a significant 13.34% of the popular vote.

Brantley County, Georgia
Brantley County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,021. The county seat is Nahunta. Brantley County is part of the Brunswick, Georgia metropolitan area.
Boursonne
Boursonne (French pronunciation: [buʁsɔn]) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France, close to the border with Aisne.

The French playwright and novelist Armand Durantin died in Boursonne on 30 December 1891.

Aisne
Aisne (/eɪn/ ayn, US also /ɛn/ en; French: [ɛːn] ⓘ; Picard: Ainne) is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It is named after the river Aisne. In 2020, it had a population of 529,374.