hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Technological innovation
Technological innovation is an extended concept of innovation. While innovation is a rather well-defined concept, it has a broad meaning to many people, and especially numerous understanding in the academic and business world.

Innovation refers to adding extra steps to developing new services and products in the marketplace or in the public that fulfill unaddressed needs or solve problems that were not in the past. Technological Innovation however focuses on the technological aspects of a product or service rather than covering the entire organization business model. It is important to clarify that Innovation is not only driven by technology, but can also be driven by various other factors, including market demand, social and environmental factors, and process improvements.

Demand
In economics, demand is the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a given time. In economics "demand" for a commodity is not the same thing as "desire" for it. It refers to both the desire to purchase and the ability to pay for a commodity.

Demand is always expressed in relation to a particular price and a particular time period since demand is a flow concept. Flow is any variable which is expressed per unit of time. Demand thus does not refer to a single isolated purchase, but a continuous flow of purchases.
Ednah
Ednah is a feminine given name. Notable people with this name include:

Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney (1824–1904), American writer

Ednah Robinson Aiken (1872–1960), American writer

Ednah Shepard Thomas (1901–1995), American college professor

Ednah Kurgat (born 1991), Kenyan American athlete

Ednah Kurgat
Ednah Kurgat (born June 15, 1991) is a Kenyan-born American middle- and long-distance runner. She won the 2017 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships while competing for the University of New Mexico. In October 2023, Kurgat represented the United States in the 10000 metres at the Pan American Games, winning a bronze medal. She is a member of the U.S. Army World Class Athlete Program.
1992 OTB Schenectady Open – Women's doubles
Rachel McQuillan and Claudia Porwik were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Ginger Helgeson and Shannan McCarthy.

Alexia Dechaume and Florencia Labat won the title by defeating Helgeson and McCarthy 6–3, 1–6, 6–2 in the final.

Claudia Porwik
Claudia Porwik, born on 14 November 1968, is a former professional tennis player.

She played on the WTA Tour from 1986 to 1996 and reached the quarterfinals of the Australian Open in 1988 and the semifinals in 1990. Porwik retired with a 195–191 career record, including wins over Gabriela Sabatini and Conchita Martínez.
Ó Meachair
Ó Meachair or O'Meachair (anglicised as Mahar, Maher, Mahir, Marr, Meagar, Meagher, Meaher, O'Maher and O'Meagher) is a Gaelic Irish surname. Ó Meachair literally means grandson/descendant of ('O' prefix) the kind, generous or hospitable (Meachair). By the Irish name convention, this becomes "descendant of a kind, hospitable chief (clan leader)". The Ó Meachair sept was part of the Ely O'Carroll clan and was concentrated in the areas of Kilkenny and Tipperary, notably the Barony of Ikerrin in Ireland.

According to historian C. Thomas Cairney, the O'Mahers were one of the chiefly families of the Éile tribe who in turn came from the Dumnonii or Laigin who were the third wave of Celts to settle in Ireland during the first century BC.

County Kilkenny
County Kilkenny (Irish: Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Kilkenny. Kilkenny County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2022 census the population of the county was 103,685. The county was based on the historic Gaelic kingdom of Ossory (Osraighe), which was coterminous with the Diocese of Ossory.
History of urban planning
Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas such as transportation and distribution networks.

The history of urban planning runs parallel to the history of the city, as planning is in evidence at some of the earliest known urban sites.

Grid plan
In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run perpendicular (at right angles) to each other, forming a grid.

Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogonal geometry, facilitate movement. The geometry helps with orientation and wayfinding and its frequent intersections with the choice and directness of route to desired destinations.

In ancient Rome, the grid plan method of land measurement was called centuriation. The grid plan dates from antiquity and originated in multiple cultures; some of the earliest planned cities were built using grid plans in the Indian subcontinent.
Thüringer Aufbaubank
The Thüringer Aufbaubank (TAB) is a German development finance institution of the Free State of Thuringia. It is a public institution and was founded in 1992. The first chairman of the board was Carl-Ludwig Wagner. The sole shareholder is the Free State. It has assumed the guarantor liability and the maintenance liability. Legal supervision of the bank lies with the Thuringian Ministry of Finance.

Development finance institution
Development finance institution (DFI), also known as a Development bank, is a financial institution that provides risk capital for economic development projects on a non-commercial basis.

DFIs are often established and owned by governments or nonprofit organizations to finance projects that would otherwise not be able to get financing from commercial lenders.

They are often structured as a company that provides loans for projects that a government or nonprofit wants to encourage for non commercial reasons.  They can be at a local, national or international level.  DFIs include multilateral development banks, national development banks, bilateral development banks, microfinance institutions, community development financial institution and revolving loan funds.
Devil's Double Next Level
Devil's Double Next Level (previously known as DD Next Level) is a 2025 Indian Tamil-language satirical comedy horror film written and directed by S. Prem Anand. Produced by The Show People and Niharika Entertainment, the film stars Santhanam,  Selvaraghavan, Gautham Vasudev Menon and Geethika Tiwary in the lead roles. It is the fourth instalment in the Dhilluku Dhuddu film series.

Devil's Double Next Level was released on 16 May 2025 in theaters to mixed reviews from critics.

OfRo
Rohith Abraham (born 19 July 1987), known professionally as ofRo, is an Indian record producer, singer and songwriter who has worked with Asal Kolaar, Arivu, Durai, Paal Dabba, Kelithee, Tenma, Santhosh Narayanan, Sandy, ADK, Roshan Jamrock, Madan Gowri, Psychomantra, Ben Human, and The Casteless Collective, among others. He is the co-founder of Atti Culture, a record label and production company & Madras Medai, a music festival and conference focusing on the growth of independent music in South India.
Ethylene acrylic acid
Ethylene acrylic acid (EAA, poly(ethylene acrylic acid), or PEAA) is a copolymer from ethylene and acrylic acid. The ratio between the two different monomers can be varied, which may significantly alter the material properties (such as polarity, crystallinity and solubility), making them suitable for various applications.

Acrylic acid
Acrylic acid (IUPAC: prop-2-enoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCOOH.  It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. It is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. More than a million tons are produced annually.
Sporting Khalsa F.C.
Sporting Khalsa Football Club are a football club, formed in 1991, members of the Northern Premier League Division One West, who play their home games at the Aspray Arena in Willenhall, West Midlands. Founded by the local Sikh community, they are the first British Asian club to own their own ground, which they bought from Banks's Brewery in 2010 after moving from Abbey Park, the former home of Bloxwich Town.

2024–25 FA Trophy
The 2024–25 FA Trophy (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2024–25 Isuzu FA Trophy) was the 56th edition of the FA Trophy, an annual football competition for teams at levels 5–8 of the English football league system.

Defending champions Gateshead were knocked-out during the fourth round by Boston United.
Thomas Fink
Thomas Fink (born 1972) is an Anglo-American physicist, author and entrepreneur. He has published papers in statistical physics and its applications, written two books and designed an iPhone app. He set up the London Institute for Mathematical Sciences and is a manager of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (French: Centre national de la recherche scientifique).

Cavendish Laboratory
The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences. The laboratory was opened in 1874 on the New Museums Site as a laboratory for experimental physics and is named after the British chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish. The laboratory has had a huge influence on research in the disciplines of physics and biology.

The laboratory moved to a new site in West Cambridge in 1974.  In 2025 it moved again to the Ray Dolby Centre, still in West Cambridge.

As of 2019, 30 Cavendish researchers have won Nobel Prizes. Notable discoveries to have occurred at the Cavendish Laboratory include the discovery of the electron, neutron, and structure of DNA.
Jared Hegwood
Jared Hegwood is an American author. He won the Joan Johnson award for fiction in 2007 for his short story "Valero", and has written for the United States Navy's Naval Oceanographic Office at the Stennis Space Center.

Naval Oceanographic Office
The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), located at John C. Stennis Space Center in south Mississippi, is an echelon IV component of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (NMOC) and comprises approximately 1,000 civilian, military and contract personnel responsible for providing oceanographic products and services to all elements within the Department of Defense.
Nigeria national futsal team
The Nigeria national futsal team represents Nigeria in international futsal competitions and is controlled by the Futsal Commission of the Nigeria Football Federation. Nigeria have played in one edition of the Africa Futsal Cup of Nations after making their debut at the 2008 edition of the tournament where they were eliminated in the first round. Nigeria has also played in the FIFA Futsal World Cup making their debut on the international stage in 1992 where they were eliminated in the group stage after losing all three of their matches (to Argentina, Poland and host country Hong Kong respectively).

Futsal Africa Cup of Nations
The Futsal Africa Cup of Nations (previously known as the African Futsal Championship) is the main national futsal competition of the Confederation of African Football nations. It was first held in 1996 and has been played every four years. It is a qualification to FIFA Futsal World Cup.

In 2015, the CAF Executive Committee changed the name of the tournament from the African Futsal Championship to the Futsal Africa Cup of Nations, similar to the football's version, Africa Cup of Nations.

Only three teams have won the cup since its foundation. Egypt and Morocco are the most successful teams with three titles each. Libya has won it once. Currently, Morocco holds the title of African champion after defeateing Angola 5–1 in the 2024 final held in the Moroccan capital.
Harpaginae
Harpaginae is a subfamily of the bird of prey family Accipitridae. The species are found in Central and South America.

The subfamily was introduced (as Harpageae) by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1854 with Harpagus Vigors, 1824 as the type genus.

The genera Microspizias and Harpagus have in the past been placed in a subfamily Milvinae but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that such a grouping is polyphyletic for Buteoninae.

Charles Lucien Bonaparte
Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl lysjɛ̃ ʒyl lɔʁɑ̃ bɔnapaʁt]; 24 May 1803 – 29 July 1857) was a French naturalist and ornithologist, and a nephew of Napoleon. Lucien and his wife had twelve children, including Cardinal Lucien Bonaparte.
HMAS Voyager
Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Voyager.

HMAS Voyager (D31) was a W-class destroyer. Commissioned into the Royal Navy (RN) in 1918. She remained with the RN until 1933, when she was transferred to the RAN. The destroyer remained in service until 23 September 1942, when she ran aground and was scuttled.

HMAS Voyager (D04) was a Daring-class destroyer commissioned into the RAN in 1957. The ship was lost in a collision with the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne on 10 February 1964.

V and W-class destroyer
The V and W class was an amalgam of six similar classes of destroyer built for the Royal Navy under the 9th, 10th, 13th and 14th of fourteen War Emergency Programmes during the First World War and generally treated as one class. For their time they were among the most powerful and advanced ships of their type in the world, and set the trend for future British designs.

They arrived in time to see service in the First World War. During the interwar period these ships formed the backbone of the Royal Navy's destroyer flotillas until gradually replaced by new construction; by the mid-1930s most had been displaced to the reserve fleet. Most ships survived to make an extensive contribution to the Second World War effort, in the vital role of convoy escort, freeing up more modern ships for fleet action.
HSBC Sports and Social Club
HSBC Sports and Social Club is a sports ground in Beckenham in the London Borough of Bromley, owned by HSBC bank. The ground was used for one First XI cricket match by Kent County Cricket Club and hosted one match in the 1993 Women's Cricket World Cup. It was known as the Midland Bank Sports Ground until Midland Bank was purchased by HSBC in 1992.

It is located around 0.75 miles (1.21 km) north-west of Beckenham town centre on Lennard Road. The Mid-Kent railway line runs along the eastern edge of the ground with New Beckenham railway station adjacent to the south-east corner. The River Pool runs along the western edge the ground.

London Borough of Bromley
The London Borough of Bromley (/ˈbrɒmli/ ⓘ) is a borough in Greater London, England. It is the largest and southeasternmost borough in London, and borders the counties of Surrey and Kent, the latter of which it formed part until 1965. The borough's population in the 2021 census was 329,991. It is named after Bromley, its principal town. Other districts are Penge, Hayes, West Wickham, Chislehurst, Beckenham and Orpington. The local authority is Bromley London Borough Council.
2025 Guatemala earthquakes
On 8 July 2025, a swarm of earthquakes struck Guatemala, with the largest having a magnitude of 5.7 Mw and located 3 km (1.9 mi) from the town of Amatitlán, and 20 km (12 mi) from the capital Guatemala City. The earthquake led to at least 7 deaths and 300 injuries, in addition to causing severe damage to buildings across six departments in the south of the country.

Departments of Guatemala
The Republic of Guatemala is divided into 22 departments (Spanish: departamentos)
which in turn are divided into 340 municipalities. The departments are governed by a departmental governor, appointed by the President.

In addition, Guatemala has claimed that all or part of the nation of Belize is a department of Guatemala, and this claim is sometimes reflected in maps of the region. Guatemala formally recognized Belize in 1991, but the border disputes between the two nations have not been resolved.
Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres competition at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico. The event were held at the University Olympic Stadium on October 13–15. Forty-four athletes from 32 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.2 seconds by Ralph Doubell of Australia, the nation's second title in the men's 800 metres—and its first medal in the event since its first title in 1896. Wilson Kiprugut of Kenya improved on his 1964 bronze to take silver, becoming the seventh man to win a second medal in the 800 metres. Tom Farrell's bronze put the United States back on the podium for the first time since 1956.

Estadio Olímpico Universitario
University Olympic Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Olímpico Universitario) is a multi-purpose stadium located inside Ciudad Universitaria in Mexico City. It was built in 1952 and at that time was the largest stadium in Mexico. This stadium has a capacity of 69,000. The first major event held in the stadium was the 1955 Pan American Games. During the 1950s and the 1960s this stadium was used mostly for college American football matches between the largest Mexican public universities at the time: UNAM and IPN. From the late 1950s it was used for association football matches, some American football matches and athletics. It then became the Olympic Stadium for the 1968 Summer Games.
Lionel Bordeaux
Lionel Raphael Bordeaux (Lakota: Wakinyan Wanbli, lit. 'Thundering Eagle'; February 9, 1940 – November 16, 2022) was a Sicangu Lakota educator, advocate, and president of Sinte Gleska University (SGU) from 1973 until his death in 2022. At the time of his death, he was the longest-serving college or university president in the United States. During his time as university president, SGU became the first tribal university in the United States, and became the first tribal higher learning institution to achieve both bachelor's and master's degree accreditation.

Bordeaux also helped found or served as a boardmember of several organizations, including the American Indian Higher Education Consortium, American Indian College Fund, Native American Rights Fund, and Phelps Stokes Fund.

Black Hills State University
Black Hills State University (BHSU) is a public university in Spearfish, South Dakota, United States.  Close to 4,000 students attend classes at its 123-acre (50 ha) campus in Spearfish, with a satellite campus in Rapid City which is shared with South Dakota State University, and through distance offerings. BHSU is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents.
Carolina fantail darter
The Carolina fantail darter (Etheostoma brevispinum) is a small species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States, where it occurs in the Santee and Savannah River drainages and Yadkin River system (downstream to and including the South Yadkin River and Bear Creek) of the Pee Dee River drainage in North Carolina, northern South Carolina and southern Virginia.  This species can reach a length of 6.3 cm (2.5 in).

Etheostomatinae
Etheostomatinae is a species-rich subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fish, the members of which are commonly known as the darters. The subfamily is part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. The family is endemic to North America. It consists of three to five different genera and well over 200 species. A common name for these fish in southern Indiana is pollywog.
Vikram Nath
Vikram Nath (born 24 September 1962) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He is a former chief justice of the Gujarat High Court and former judge of the Allahabad High Court. He was earlier recommended as chief justice of the Andhra Pradesh High Court but the centre disapproved the recommendation. He is the first chief justice of a High Court in India to livestream its proceedings on YouTube during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.. Also, he is the ex officio executive chairman of National Legal Services Authority.

He was appointed to the Supreme Court on 31 August 2021. He is scheduled to become the 54th Chief Justice of India, if the convention of seniority is followed.

Gujarat High Court
The Gujarat High Court is the High Court of the state of Gujarat. It was established on 1 May 1960 under the Bombay Re-organisation Act, 1960 after the state of Gujarat split from Bombay State.

The seat of the court is Ahmedabad.
Sinamore
Sinamore was a Finnish gothic metal band from Hamina. Sinamore released their first album A New Day in January 2006. This was followed by a second album Seven Sins a Second the following year. This would be their final release before the band's break-up.

Napalm Records
Napalm Records is an Austrian independent record label focused on heavy metal, hard rock and folk/folk rock/folk metal. Originally, Napalm focused on black metal bands, such as Abigor and Summoning, and folk metal bands, such as Falkenbach and Vintersorg. The label later expanded its roster by adding gothic metal, symphonic metal, power metal, doom metal, metalcore and nu metal bands, as well as stoner rock acts Monster Magnet, Karma to Burn and Brant Bjork, thrash metal bands Exodus, Destruction and Flotsam and Jetsam, and even folk bands like Ye Banished Privateers. Napalm has its own publishing house named Iron Avantgarde Publishing.

In November 2020, Napalm acquired the German record label SPV GmbH.
David Martin (South Carolina politician)
David Martin  is an American politician. He is a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 26th District, serving since 2024. The District includes Fort Mill between I-77 and Lancaster County. Martin is a member of the Republican party.

Lancaster County, South Carolina
Lancaster County /ˈlæŋkəstər/ is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 96,016, Its county seat is Lancaster, which has an urban population of 23,979. The county was created in 1785. Lancaster County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Piedmont region.
Cheil Industries FC
Cheil Industries FC is a defunct South Korean semi-professional football club that was located in Daegu, South Korea. The club played at the highest level in South Korea in the 1960s, winning the national league on three occasions and the national cup twice.

Korean President's Cup National Football Tournament
The President's Cup National Football Tournament is a football competition, held by Korea Football Association, for South Korean semi-professional and amateur football clubs. This competition was originally one of major club competitions of South Korean football with Korean National Football Championship, but its status was undermined after the professional clubs appeared in South Korea according to the foundation of K League, the South Korean professional league. The tournament is usually held during the early months of the year, typically ending in March.