hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Langton
Samuel Thomas Langton (24 January 1886 – 10 July 1918) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1909 and 1910.

Langton was born at Parkgate, Rotherham, Yorkshire. He made his debut for Derbyshire in the 1909 season in June in a match against Leicestershire and made one more appearance during the season, making little contribution to Derbyshire's run count during the season. He played one game in the 1910 season against Sussex when he made his top scoring innings of 6 runs. He was a right-handed batsman and played 5 innings in 3 matches with a top score of 6 and an average of 2.80. He bowled 13 overs giving 42 runs for no wickets.

Langton died at the age of 32 in Doncaster.

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
Xephyr
Xephyr is a display server software implementing the X11 display server protocol based on KDrive which targets a window on a host X Server as its framebuffer. It is written by Matthew Allum. Xephyr is an X-on-X implementation and runs on X.Org Server and can work with Glamor. Future versions could make use of libinput. Replacing Xephyr with the xf86-video-dummy and xf86-video-nested drivers in the normal X.Org server is being considered as part of X11R7.8.

Wayland (protocol)
Wayland is a communication protocol that specifies the communication between a display server and its clients, as well as a C library implementation of that protocol. A display server using the Wayland protocol is called a Wayland compositor, because it additionally performs the task of a compositing window manager.

Wayland is developed by a group of volunteers initially led by Kristian Høgsberg as a free and open-source community-driven project with the aim of replacing the X Window System with a secure and simpler windowing system for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. The project's source code is published under the terms of the MIT License, a permissive free software license. The Wayland project also develops an implementation of a Wayland compositor called Weston.
Uesslingen-Buch
Uesslingen-Buch is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

It was formed in 1995 from the union of the municipalities of Uesslingen and Buch bei Frauenfeld.

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.
Arne Gericke
Arne Gericke (born 19 November 1964 in Hamburg) is a German politician who was formerly a Member of the European Parliament. Elected for the Family Party of Germany in the 2014 election, he left in 2017 to join the Free Voters. After 15 months with the Free Voters, he left to join the minor conservative Christian party Bündnis C.

At the European level, while he was a member of the Free voters he was also technically a member of the European Democratic Party, however he has always remained affiliated with the European Christian Political Movement and sat with the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group in the European Parliament.

He lost his seat in the 2019 European Parliament election after Bündnis C failed to win enough votes to entitle them to a seat.

In 2012 Gericke was awarded the Mestemacher Bakery prize for Father of the Year, given to men who are model fathers.

2019 European Parliament election in Germany
The 2019 European Parliament election in Germany was held on 26 May 2019, electing the 96 members of the national Germany constituency to the European Parliament. Both the CDU/CSU and SPD suffered major losses, while the Greens became the second largest party in a national-level election for the first time in German history.
2014 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 2014 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 2014, to elect the governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Republican Governor Susana Martínez successfully ran for election to a second term in office, defeating Democratic Attorney General Gary King.

This was one of nine Republican-held governorships up for election in a state that Barack Obama won in the 2012 presidential election. Unlike in most states, New Mexico's governor and lieutenant governor are elected in separate primaries. The winning candidates then run together on the same ticket. Primary elections were held on June 3, 2014.

As of 2026, this is the last time that Republicans won a non-judicial statewide election in New Mexico, and stands as the best performance by a Republican gubernatorial candidate in New Mexico history. This is also the last time that the winner of the New Mexico gubernatorial election won a majority of counties.

Governor of New Mexico
The governor of New Mexico (Spanish: gobernador de Nuevo México) is the head of government of New Mexico. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New Mexico's state government and the commander-in-chief of the New Mexico National Guard. As noted in the governor's seal, this gubernatorial office is a scion of the Spanish and Mexican governors of Nuevo México (1598) and the governors of the New Mexico Territory (1851). The officeholder is afforded the courtesy title of The Honorable for life. The current governor is Michelle Lujan Grisham, a Democrat, who was sworn in as the 32nd governor of New Mexico on January 1, 2019.
South Asian Canadians in British Columbia
The South Asian community in British Columbia was first established in 1897. The first immigrants originated from Punjab, British India, a northern region and state in modern-day India and Pakistan. Punjabis originally settled in rural British Columbia at the turn of the twentieth century, working in the forestry and agricultural industries.

As their numbers grew, anti-"Hindu" sentiment increased among the Europeans living in the province thus preventing them from voting in 1908. Originally, Indian settlement was predominantly male; large numbers of women and children began arriving in the mid-20th century. In 1947, South Asians were given the right to vote, therefore permitting their entry into British Columbian political life.

In the late 20th century, many South Asians transitioned from living in rural areas of the province into living in urban areas as the economic vitality of the forestry industry declined.

Gur Sikh Temple
The Gur Sikh Temple (Punjabi: ਗੁਰ ਸਿੱਖ਼ ਗੁਰਦੁਵਾਰਾ; also known as Abbotsford Sikh Temple), in Abbotsford, British Columbia, is the oldest existing Sikh gurdwara in North America and a National Historic Site of Canada. It is the only gurdwara outside of India and Pakistan that is designated as national historic site.

Though the oldest existing gurdwara on the continent, having opened in 1911, it is the third-oldest to be built in Canada and North America. The first Gurdwara in Canada was built by early Sikh-Canadian settlers in Golden, British Columbia in 1905, which would later be destroyed by fire in 1926. Meanwhile, the second-oldest Gurdwara to be built in Canada opened in 1908 in Kitsilano (Vancouver), aimed at serving a growing number of Sikh settlers who worked at nearby sawmills along False Creek at the time. It would later be closed and demolished in 1970, with the temple society relocating to the newly built Gurdwara on Ross Street in South Vancouver.
1889 Welsh Cup final
The 1889 Welsh Cup final, the 12th in the competition, was contested by Bangor and Northwich Victoria at the Racecourse Ground. Bangor, in their first Welsh Cup final, won 2–1 in a match that would mark the first time these two teams, future founders and rivals of the Northern Premier League and Alliance Premier League would meet in a major final. The most recent was the 1984 FA Trophy Final.

Racecourse Ground
The Racecourse Ground (Welsh: Y Cae Ras) is a football stadium in Wrexham, Wales. It is the home of Wrexham Association Football Club, and is the largest stadium in North Wales and the seventh-largest in Wales.

It is the world's oldest international football stadium still hosting international matches, having been the venue for Wales' first home international match in 1877, and has hosted more Wales international matches than any other ground. It is still one of the stadiums used by the Football Association of Wales for home international games.

The ground has also been used by North Wales Crusaders rugby league club, Scarlets rugby union club and  Liverpool Reserves. In the early days, the ground was used for cricket and horse racing. It also occasionally hosts concerts.

A sponsorship deal with STōK Cold Brew Coffee came into effect on 1 July 2023; as a result, the stadium is sometimes referred to as STōK Cae Ras, STōK Racecourse or Cae Ras STōK.
Pathram
Pathram (transl. Newspaper) is a 1999 Indian Malayalam-language neo-noir political thriller film  written by Renji Panicker and directed by Joshi. The movie stars Suresh Gopi and Manju Warrier in the lead role

The film collected over ₹5.15 crore in 25 days at the box office. It became a blockbuster and was the second highest-grossing Malayalam film of 1999 behind Friends. The film ran for over 250 days in theatres. The film was known for the controversies surrounding it when leading Malayalam dailies Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi boycotted the film for portraying them in a bad light. The film's music and lyrics were by S. P. Venkatesh and Gireesh Puthenchery, art direction By Sabu Pravadas, and publicity designing by Gayathri Ashokan. The film's location was Ernakulam and surrounding places.

For her incredible performance as Devika Shekhar, Manju Warrier went on to win her record fourth consecutive Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Malayalam

Girish Puthenchery
Girish Puthenchery (1961–2010) was a noted Malayalam lyricist, poet, scriptwriter and screenwriter, he was often regarded as the aristocratic lyricist of Malayalam and admired for his original and unmistakable writing style. He also served as the director of Indian Performance Rights Society and was a member of the governing councils of Kerala Kalamandalam and  Kerala Lalithakala Academy.Girish made his debut in the film industry with the movie Enquiry in 1989. He went on to win the  Kerala State Film Award for Best Lyricist seven times. Notably, he holds the record for writing the highest number of songs in the Malayalam film industry within the briefest period of time.. He died on 10 February 2010 at a private hospital in Kozhikode Due to a severe brain hemorrhage.
Jayed Ahmed
Jayed Ahmed (Bengali: জায়েদ আহমেদ; born 14 December 2002) is a Bangladeshi professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bangladesh Premier League club Rahmatganj MFS and the Bangladesh national team. Due to his versatility, he can operate either as a defensive midfielder, central midfielder, attacking midfielder, wide midfielder or as a right back.

Rahmatganj MFS
Rahmatganj Muslim Friends Society (Bengali : রহমতগঞ্জ মুসলিম ফ্রেন্ডস সোসাইটি) is a Bangladeshi professional football club based in Old Dhaka. Founded in 1933, the club currently competes in the Bangladesh Football League. It previously competed in the Bangladesh Championship League, until gaining promotion in the 2014 season. Haji Tipu Sultan is the current president and Haji Humayun Kabir the general secretary.
Long Slow Exhale
Long Slow Exhale is an American women's basketball drama television series created by Pam Veasey for Spectrum Originals and BET. From Paramount Television Studios, Veasey executive produced alongside her former L.A.'s Finest collaborators Anton Cropper and Jon Dove, bringing the trio back to Spectrum after the Bad Boys spinoff served as their first scripted originals foray. Cropper also directed the series. Also executive producing were Bruna Papandrea and Casey Haver for Made Up Stories. The series premiered April 4, 2022 and was canceled after one season in June 2022.

Famke Janssen
Famke Beumer Janssen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfɑmkə ˈbøːmər ˈjɑnsə(n)]; born 5 November 1964) is a Dutch actress and former model. She played Xenia Onatopp in GoldenEye (1995), Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series (2000–2014), and Lenore Mills in the Taken film trilogy (2008–2014). In 2008, she was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for Integrity by the United Nations. She made her directorial debut with Bringing Up Bobby in 2011. She is also known for her roles in the Netflix original series Hemlock Grove (2013–2015), FX's Nip/Tuck (2003–2010), and ABC's How to Get Away with Murder (2014–2020). Janssen starred in the 2017 NBC crime thriller The Blacklist: Redemption. Most recently, she is starring as Betty Jonkers, a scorned wife who is determined to destroy her husband’s Amsterdam coffee shop empire in the Netflix Dutch crime series Amsterdam Empire (2025). This marks the first time she has performed speaking her native language, Dutch.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 7
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 7 (P. Oxy. 7) is a papyrus found at Oxyrhynchus in Egypt.  It was discovered by Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt in 1897, and published in 1898.  It dates to the third century AD.  The papyrus is now in the British Library.

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 7 was the first non-biblical papyrus from the site to be published.  It preserves part of a poem by the archaic Greek poet Sappho.  When the papyrus was first published, Grenfell and Hunt wrote that "it is not very likely that we shall find another poem of Sappho".  In 1906, however, a major cache of literary fragments from the remains of two private libraries were discovered – the source of the majority of the Sappho fragments discovered at Oxyrhynchus.

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 7 measures 19.7 cm × 9.6 cm, and is written in an uncial hand. Parts of twenty lines of a poem written in Sapphic stanzas survive, with one and a half feet missing from the beginning of each line.

Uncial script
Uncial is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 4th to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters were used to write Greek and Latin, as well as Gothic, and are the current style for Coptic and Nobiin.
5F-PCN
5F-PCN (also known as 5F-MN-21) is an azaindole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is closely related to NNE1. Given the known metabolic liberation (and presence as an impurity) of amantadine in the related compound APINACA, it is suspected that metabolic hydrolysis of the amide group of 5F-PCN may release 1-naphthylamine, a known carcinogen.

Cannabinoid receptor 1
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. It was discovered by determination and characterization in 1988, and cloned in 1990 for the first time. The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. It is activated by endogenous cannabinoids called endocannabinoids, a group of retrograde neurotransmitters that include lipids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol; plant phytocannabinoids, such as docosatetraenoylethanolamide found in wild dagga, the compound tetrahydrocannabinol which is an active constituent of the psychoactive drug cannabis; and synthetic analogs of tetrahydrocannabinol. CB1 is antagonized by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin at low doses and at higher doses, it activates the CB1 receptor as an agonist, but with less potency than tetrahydrocannabinol.

The primary endogenous agonist of the human CB1 receptor is anandamide.
Sevenoaks (UK Parliament constituency)
Sevenoaks is a constituency in Kent represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Laura Trott, a Conservative who currently serves as Shadow Secretary of State for Education. She was Chief Secretary to the Treasury from November 2023 to July 2024. The seat was previously held by Michael Fallon, who served as Secretary of State for Defence from 2014 to 2017.

Chief Secretary to the Treasury
The chief secretary to the Treasury is a senior ministerial office in the government of the United Kingdom and is the second most senior ministerial office in HM Treasury, after the chancellor of the Exchequer. The office holder is always a full member or attendee of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The office was created in 1961 to share the burden of representing HM Treasury with the chancellor.

The minister is shadowed by the shadow chief secretary to the Treasury who sits on the Official Opposition frontbench.
David Gottlieb (biologist)
David Gottlieb (1911–1982), a professor of plant pathology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1946–1982), was a pioneer in the field of fungal physiology and antibiotics for plants.

Gottlieb is best known for isolation in the 1940s of the strain of Streptomyces from which chloramphenicol was developed, for his mentoring in the field, and for his editorial work.  He used plant-pathogenic fungi in studies of sterol biosynthesis, respiration, aging, spore germination, and the mechanism of action of antifungal antibiotics. Gottlieb discovered or co-discovered several new antibiotics in addition to chloramphenicol, including filipin, levomycin, and tetrin, and he described the mechanism of action and biosynthesis of several of these and other antibiotics.

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
John Walpole Willis
John Walpole Willis (4 January 1793 – 10 September 1877) was a British judge of Upper Canada, British Guiana (as acting Chief Justice), the Supreme Court of New South Wales, and resident judge at Port Phillip, Melbourne.

Supreme Court of New South Wales
The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state court of the Australian state of New South Wales. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest New South Wales court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.

Matters of appeal can be submitted to the New South Wales Court of Appeal and Court of Criminal Appeal, both of which are constituted by members of the Supreme Court, in the case of the Court of Appeal from those who have been commissioned as judges of appeal.

The Supreme Court consists of 52 permanent judges, including the Chief Justice of New South Wales, currently Andrew Bell, the President of the Court of Appeal, 10 Judges of Appeal, the Chief Judge at Common Law, and the Chief Judge in Equity.

The Supreme Court's central location is the Law Courts Building in Queen's Square, Sydney.
Dan Botwe
Daniel Kwaku Botwe (born February 26, 1958) is a Ghanaian politician. He was the Member of Parliament of Okere constituency in the Eastern Region of Ghana. He served as Minister for Information and National Orientation in the John Agyekum Kufour administration and also served as the Minister for Regional Reorganization and Development  and the Minister for Local Government, Decentralisation and Rural Development in the Nana Akufo-Addo first and second term of office respectively.

Minister for Local Government (Ghana)
The Minister for Local Government in Ghana is responsible for decentralised administration of the country. This minister is also responsible for enhancing the development of the rural areas of Ghana. The title of the position has been altered under some governments to reflect this.
Kalkini Syed Abul Hossain University College
Kalkini Syed Abul Hossain University College is a higher secondary school as well as a degree college affiliated to the National University. It is situated in Kalkini Upazilla, Madaripur, Bangladesh. It was founded by Member of Parliament Syed Abul Hossain. It is one of the oldest and renowned college in Kalkini Thana of Madaripur District.

National University, Bangladesh
National University (NU; Bengali: জাতীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) is a public collegiate university of Bangladesh that was established in 1992 by an Act of Parliament as an affiliating university of the country to impart graduate and post-graduate level education to students through its affiliated colleges, schools and professional institutions throughout the country. The number of colleges under the NU is 2,257. Among these, 555 are government colleges. A total of 881 colleges offer honors courses. It is the second-largest university in the world in terms of enrollment. The headquarters is in Gazipur, on the outskirts of Dhaka. After its establishment, the university began affiliating with association degree-awarding colleges, many of which were previously affiliated with the University of Dhaka, University of Rajshahi, University of Chittagong and Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.