hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Year Million
Year Million is a six-part documentary and science fiction television series produced by National Geographic, which premiered on May 15, 2017, on their channel. The series received two Emmy Award nominations,
including a Primetime Emmy for its narrator Laurence Fishburne. The series is based on the 2008 book Year Million: Science at the Far Edge of Knowledge by Damien Broderick. The narrative alternates between a story set in the future about a family of three and 2016 interviews that explain the events unfolding in the story. The series was filmed in Budapest.

Michio Kaku
Michio Kaku (/ˈmiːtʃioʊ ˈkɑːkuː/; Japanese: カク ミチオ, 加來 道雄; born January 24, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist, science communicator, futurologist, and writer of popular science. He is a professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York and the CUNY Graduate Center. Kaku is the author of several books about physics and related topics and has made frequent appearances on radio, television, and film. He is also a regular contributor to his own blog, as well as other popular media outlets. For his efforts to bridge science and science fiction, he is a 2021 Sir Arthur Clarke Lifetime Achievement Awardee.

His books Physics of the Impossible (2008), Physics of the Future (2011), The Future of the Mind (2014), and The God Equation: The Quest for a Theory of Everything (2021) became New York Times best sellers. Kaku has hosted several television specials for the BBC, the Discovery Channel, the History Channel, and the Science Channel.
Patrick Palmer (politician)
Patrick William Palmer (13 April 1889 – 21 March 1971) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kerry South constituency from 1948 to 1961.

A national school teacher before entering politics, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael TD for the Kerry South constituency at the 1948 general election. He was re-elected at the 1951, 1954 and 1957 general elections. He retired from politics at the 1961 general election.

1961 Irish general election
The 1961 Irish general election to the 17th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 4 October, following the dissolution of the 16th Dáil on 15 September by President Éamon de Valera on the request of Taoiseach Seán Lemass. The general election took place in 38 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, which had been reduced in size by three seats from the previous election by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1961. Fianna Fáil lost its majority but remained the dominant party.

The 17th Dáil met at Leinster House on 11 October to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Lemass was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 10th government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna Fáil government.
Shenyang WS-10
The Shenyang WS-10 (Chinese: 涡扇-10; pinyin: Wōshàn-10; lit. 'turbofan-10'), codename Taihang, is a turbofan engine designed and built by the People's Republic of China.

Chinese media reported 266 engines were manufactured from 2010 to 2012 for the J-11 program. Unofficial estimates placed production at more than 300 units by May 2015.

Taihang Mountains
The Taihang Mountains (Chinese: 太行山; pinyin: Tàiháng Shān) are a Chinese mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces. The range extends over 400 kilometers (250 mi) from north to south and has an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 m (4,900 to 6,600 ft); its principal peak is Mount Xiaowutai. The Taihang's eastern peak is Mount Cangyan in Hebei; Baishi Mountain forms its northern tip.
Sigurbergur Sveinsson
Sigurbergur Sveinsson (born 12 August 1987) is an Icelandic handball player who currently plays for ÍBV Vestmannaeyjar. He was a member of the Icelandic national team roster for the 2011 World Men's Handball Championship and is again a part of the team for the 2015 World Men's Handball Championship.

2015 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2015 World Men's Handball Championship was the 24th staging of the World Men's Handball Championship, organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF). The final tournament was held for the first time in Qatar, from 15 January to 1 February 2015. The Qatari bid was selected over those of Norway, Poland and France after a vote by the IHF Council on 27 January 2011, in Malmö, Sweden. 
This was the third time that the World Championship was hosted in the Middle East And North Africa, after Egypt in 1999 and Tunisia in 2005.

France won the final against Qatar 25–22 to win their fifth title, a first in handball history while Qatar won their first ever medal.
Poland captured the bronze medal by defeating Spain 29–28 after extra time. Denmark secured the fifth place by winning against Croatia which finished sixth and thus had the worst result in the past 13 years of international handball competing.

The competition was marred by numerous controversies throughout.
Daniel Mears
Daniel Preston Mears (born 1966) is an American criminologist, a Fellow of the American Society of Criminology, and the Mark C. Stafford Professor of Criminology at the Florida State University College of Criminology & Criminal Justice. A 2011 ranking of American criminologists ranked Mears as the second most influential in terms of scholarly contributions. His research interests include the study of supermax prisons, immigration and crime, causes of offending, sentencing, and juvenile and criminal justice policy.

Supermax prison
A super-maximum security (supermax) or administrative maximum (ADX) prison is a "control-unit" prison, or a unit within prisons, which represents the most secure level of custody in the prison systems of certain countries.

The objective is to provide long-term, segregated housing for inmates classified as the highest security risks in the prison system and those who pose an extremely serious threat to both national and global security.
Mughira
Mughira is a male Arabic name.

Its meaning is "attacker/raider".

Mughira as a given name or a surname can be associated with:

Mughira ibn Shu'ba: a prominent companion of Muhammad and was known as one of the four 'shrewds of the Arabs' (duhat al-Arab).

Mughirah ibn Abd-Allah: a preeminent leader of the Quraysh tribe's Banu Makhzum clan in Mecca in the 6th century. His descendants, the Banu al-Mughira, became the principle house of the Makhzum.

Walid ibn al-Mughira: the chief of the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe. His clan was responsible for warfare related matters.

A derivative of the name Mughira (also spelled Moughera), is mentioned in Surah al-'Adiyat (chapter 100) verse 3 as well; فَالْمُغِيرَاتِ صُبْحًا, (translation; By the chargers at dawn), referring to the early morning military charge during war.

Al-Mughira
Abu Abd Allah al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba ibn Abi Amir ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi (Arabic: المغيرة بن شعبة بن أبي عامر بن مسعود الثقفي, romanized: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba ibn Abī ʿĀmir ibn Masʿūd al-Thaqafī); c. 600–671), was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was known as one of the four 'shrewds of the Arabs' (duhat al-Arab).  He belonged to the tribe of Thaqif of Ta'if, who were part of the early Islamic elite. He served as governor of Kufa, one of the two principal Arab garrisons and administrative centers of Iraq, under Caliph Umar in 642–645. In his old age, al-Mughira was again made governor of Kufa, serving under the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I from 661 until his death in 671. During his second governorship, he ruled with virtual independence from the caliph.
Josh Osich
Joshua Michael Osich (born September 3, 1988) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the San Francisco Giants in 2015 and also played for the Chicago White Sox, Boston Red Sox, and Chicago Cubs. He is one of the only players in MLB history who is of Basque descent.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
2000 Race of Champions
The 2000 Race of Champions took place on December 10 at Gran Canaria. It was the 13th running of the event, and the ninth running at Gran Canaria. The International Masters contest was held for the final time this year before a format shake-up for 2001, which opened up the main competition to non-rally drivers.

The vehicles used were the Peugeot 206 WRC, The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VI WRC, the Toyota Corolla WRC, the Saab 93 rallycross car and the ROC Buggy.

The individual competition was won by Tommi Makinen, whilst the Nations' Cup was won by France with Yvan Muller, Gilles Panizzi and Régis Laconi.

Régis Laconi
Régis Laconi (born 8 July 1975 in Saint-Dizier, Haute-Marne) is a French former professional motorcycle racer. In 2009 he competed in the Superbike World Championship for DFX on a Ducati. He was runner-up in 2004, and has won races in both Grand Prix in 500cc engine capacity classification and the Superbike World Championship.
Banff and Buchan (UK Parliament constituency)
Banff and Buchan was a constituency of the House of Commons, located in the north-east of Scotland within the Aberdeenshire council area. It elected one Member of Parliament at least once every five years using the first-past-the-post system of voting.

The seat was most recently held by David Duguid of the Scottish Conservatives from 2017; until then the Scottish National Party (SNP) had held the seat since 1987, with the then First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond representing the seat until 2010 and Eilidh Whiteford until 2017.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was subject to boundary changes which involved expansion into eastern parts of Moray. As a consequence, it was renamed Aberdeenshire North and Moray East, which was first contested at the 2024 general election.

Fraserburgh
Fraserburgh (/ˈfreɪzərbərə/; Scottish Gaelic: Baile nam Frisealach), locally known as the Broch, is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, with a population recorded in the 2011 Census as 13,100. It lies in Buchan in the northeastern corner of the county, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Aberdeen and 17 miles (27 km) north of Peterhead. It is the biggest shellfish port in Scotland and one of the largest in Europe, landing over 5,450 tonnes (5,360 long tons; 6,010 short tons) in 2016. Fraserburgh is also a major port for white and pelagic fish.
Chak Bahmanian
Chak Bahmanian is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Shahkot, 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Nakodar, 52 kilometres (32 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 178 kilometres (111 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Nakodar
Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab.

The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. Surrounding villages include Chak Mughlani, Maheru, Allowal, Mehatpur (Haripur) (Bhullar) Nawan Pind Jattan, Heran, Bir Pind, (Aulakh), Shankar, Nur Pur Chatha, Sarih, Malri, Khanpur Dhadda, Uggi, and Malhian Kalan.

The town is well paved and currently forms a Tehsil of District Jalandhar. Outside the town, there are two large tombs dating from the times of Emperor Jahangir, later one of them is said to be the burial place of the adviser of Emperor Shah Jahan, but it is not known who stand buried in the earlier tomb.
Serre's criterion for normality
In commutative algebra, Serre's criterion for normality, introduced by Jean-Pierre Serre, gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a commutative Noetherian ring A to be a normal ring. The criterion involves the following two conditions for A:

is a regular local ring for any prime ideal  of height ≤ k.

for any prime ideal .

The statement is:

A is a reduced ring  hold.

A is a normal ring  hold.

A is a Cohen–Macaulay ring  hold for all k.

Items 1, 3 trivially follow from the definitions. Item 2 is much deeper.

For an integral domain, the criterion is due to Krull. The general case is due to Serre.

Regular local ring
In commutative algebra, a regular local ring is a Noetherian local ring having the property that the minimal number of generators of its maximal ideal is equal to its Krull dimension. In symbols, let  be any Noetherian local ring with unique maximal ideal , and suppose  is a minimal set of generators of . Then Krull's principal ideal theorem implies that , and  is regular whenever .

The concept is motivated by its geometric meaning. A point  on an algebraic variety  is nonsingular (a smooth point) if and only if the local ring  of germs at  is regular. (See also: regular scheme.) Regular local rings are not related to von Neumann regular rings.

For Noetherian local rings, there is the following chain of inclusions:

Universally catenary rings ⊃  Cohen–Macaulay rings ⊃ Gorenstein rings ⊃ complete intersection rings ⊃ regular local rings
Sweet chestnut of Gölcük Highland
The sweet chestnut of Gölcük Highland (Turkish: Anadolu Kestanesi) is a very old chestnut tree in İzmir Province, western Turkey.  It is a registered natural monument of the country.

The chestnut tree is located at Gölcük Highland in Ödemiş district of İzmir Province. It is a sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). The tree is 20 m (66 ft) high, has a circumference of 10 m (33 ft) at 3 m (9.8 ft) diameter. Its age is dated to be about 600 years old.

The tree was registered a natural monument on September 27, 1994. The protected area of the plant covers 2,500 m2 (27,000 sq ft).

Gölcük, İzmir
Gölcük is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ödemiş, İzmir Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,305 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is a summer resort, situated around a small mountain lake. The name of the town means Little lake.

The altitude of the lake is 1,049 metres (3,442 ft). It is accessible from Salihli and Ödemiş. Highway distances from certain cities are as follows: 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Ödemiş, 38 kilometres (24 mi) from  Salihli, and 120 kilometres (75 mi) from İzmir.
Arthur Smith (priest)
Arthur Cyril Smith, VRD was an Anglican priest, who served as Archdeacon of Lincoln from 1960 to 1976; and also a member of the General Synod from 1970 to 1976.

He was educated at St. John's College, University of Manitoba, the University of Sheffield and Westcott House, Cambridge; and ordained in 1935. After a curacies in Keighley and Bishop's Hatfield he was a Chaplain in the RNVR during World War II. When peace returned he became Rector of South Ormsby, a post he held until 1960.

Keighley
Keighley (/ˈkiːθli/ ⓘ KEETH-lee) is a market town and a civil parish
in the City of Bradford Borough of West Yorkshire, England. It is the second-largest settlement in the borough, after Bradford.

Keighley is 8 miles (13 kilometres) north-west of Bradford, 4 mi (6.5 km) north-west of Bingley, 11 mi (18 km) north of Halifax and 8 mi (13 km) south-east of Skipton. It is governed by Keighley Town Council and Bradford City Council. Keighley is in West Yorkshire, close to the borders of North Yorkshire and Lancashire. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it lies between Airedale and Keighley Moors. At the 2011 census, Keighley had a population of 56,348.
Jordan 193
The Jordan 193 was the car with which the Jordan team competed in the 1993 Formula One World Championship. The number 14 seat was taken by debutant Rubens Barrichello, while five different drivers occupied the number 15 seat over the course of the season: Ivan Capelli, Thierry Boutsen, Marco Apicella, Emanuele Naspetti and Eddie Irvine.

Jordan Grand Prix
Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005. The team was named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan (1948–2025) and was based at Silverstone, England, but raced with an Irish licence.

In early 2005, the team was sold to Midland Group, who competed for one final season as 'Jordan', before renaming the team as Midland F1 Racing for the 2006 season. Later that same year, it was sold to Dutch car manufacturer, Spyker, to become Spyker F1 for the 2007 season, and then sold again to become Force India in 2008. In 2018, as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team, and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll, the team's FIA entry was not transferred, and the Jordan Grand Prix's original entry came to an end. As of 2025, the team competes as the Aston Martin Aramco F1 Team.
Plinking
Plinking is informal target shooting done for leisure, typically at non-standard targets such as tin cans, logs, bottles, balloons, fruits or any other man-made or naturally occurring objects. The term is an onomatopoeia of the sharp, ringing sound (or "plink") that a projectile makes when hitting a metallic target such as a tin can or a road sign plate.

Bottle
A bottle is a narrow-necked container made of an impermeable material (such as glass, pottery, porcelain, plastic or aluminium) in various shapes and sizes that stores and transports liquids. Its mouth, at the bottling line, can be sealed with an internal stopper, an external bottle cap, a closure, or induction sealing.
Tor Nessling
Tor Ragnar Nessling MSc (diplomi-insinööri) (6 September 1901 – 23 November 1971) was a leading Finnish industrialist, entrepreneur and engineer. For nearly four decades he was the general manager of the Finnish heavy vehicle producer Suomen Autoteollisuus (SAT). His contribution to national development was officially recognized by the Finnish President who appointed Nessling as a "Vuorineuvos".

Nessling became head of SAT in 1932, soon after the company's foundation. He developed the business in an era when only few believed in the possibility of a Finnish automotive industry, and a decade later had become the company's majority shareholder. Nessling took a patriarchal approach to his leadership of the company, which he built into a producer of trucks, bus chassis, rail vehicles and specialist terminal tractors. Nessling lost his controlling shareholding following a merger in 1968, resigned in 1970 and died the following year.

Diplomi-insinööri
Diplomi-insinööri (DI) (Swedish: diplomingenjör) is a Finnish Master's level academic degree with a nominal length of 300 ECTS credits. The official English translation of the degree is Master of Science (Technology). The Finnish name derives from the old German degree called Diplom-Ingenieur.
Lisa Papineau
Lisa Papineau is an American musician and songwriter. She has released four solo albums, and is the songwriter and vocalist for Los Angeles band Big Sir. Papineau is a frequent collaborator of Japanese composer Jun Miyake and has also written songs for and recorded with other bands and solo artists, including Air, M83, Halo Orbit, ME & LP, Renaud-Gabriel Pion, Jam Da Silva, Dinho Ouro Preto, Anubian Lights, Farflung, P.O.D., Omar Rodríguez-López, Scapegoat Wax, Scenario Rock, Arman Méliès, Mandrake, Sissy Bar, and Crooked Cowboy and the Freshwater Indians.

Papineau received initial recognition when her band Pet, co-founded with composer Tyler Bates, was featured on The Crow: City of Angels soundtrack, and later the Blue Note Records soundtrack for The Last Time I Committed Suicide. Pet's self-titled album was executive-produced by Tori Amos.

Papineau was born in Providence, Rhode Island. She has multiple sclerosis.

Omar Rodríguez-López
Omar Alfredo Rodríguez-López (born September 1, 1975) is a Puerto Rican guitarist, songwriter, record producer and filmmaker. He has formed or played in several bands, including The Mars Volta, At the Drive-In, Antemasque, and Bosnian Rainbows. He was the bassist for the dub band De Facto. He is also known for his extensive solo career, which includes over fifty individual releases, and is frequently described as experimental, avant-garde, or progressive. He has also collaborated with numerous artists, such as Damo Suzuki, John Frusciante, Hans Zimmer, Buzz Osborne, Lydia Lunch, Zach Hill, El-P, Mon Laferte and Calle 13.
Mobile enterprise application platform
A mobile enterprise application platform (MEAP) is a type of mobile application development platform (MADP) that provides a suite of tools, including frameworks, services, and toolkits, to assist in the development of mobile enterprise applications. MEAP platforms enable organizations and businesses to develop, test, and deploy applications using standardization and protocols.

A MEAP/MADP ideally includes tools for testing, debugging, and maintaining existing applications, as well as API calls for back-end databases and middleware for linting, parsing, and compiling. The term "Mobile Enterprise Application Platform" originated from a Gartner Magic Quadrant report in 2008, previously referred to as the "Multichannel Access Gateway Market." Gartner renamed the market to reflect its maturation and the mainstream adoption of mobile tools and platforms.

Lint (software)
Lint is the computer science term for a static code analysis tool used to flag programming errors, bugs, stylistic errors and suspicious constructs. The term originates from a Unix utility that examined C language source code.  A program which performs this function is also known as a "linter" or "linting tool".
Gary Doyle
Gary Doyle (born January 6, 1949, in Smiths Falls, Ontario) is a former professional ice hockey goaltender.  He was selected in the fifth round of the 1969 NHL Amateur Draft, 56th overall, by the Montreal Canadiens, but he never played in the NHL.  Doyle spent one season at the University of Ottawa, and three seasons in the minor professional leagues (WHL, CHL, SHL).  Doyle did, however, play one game for the Edmonton Oilers of the WHA.

Doyle played his amateur career in the OHA, playing for the Ottawa 67's in their first year of competition.  After his retirement he became involved in municipal politics, eventually becoming county warden of Lanark County, Ontario.

Smiths Falls
Smiths Falls is a town in Eastern Ontario, Canada, 78 kilometres (48 mi) southwest of Ottawa. As of the 2021 census it has  a population of 9,254. It is in the Census division for Lanark County, but is administratively separated from the county. The Rideau Canal waterway passes through the town, with four separate locks in three locations and a combined lift of over 15 metres (49.2 ft).

The town's name was previously spelled Smith's Falls, and the spelling Smith Falls has been used, but "Smiths Falls" is the official correct form.
Shalimar–Udaipur City Weekly Express
The Shalimar–Udaipur City Weekly Express is an Superfast Express train belonging to North Western Railway zone that runs between Shalimar and Udaipur City in India. It is currently being operated with 20971/20972 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Kota Junction railway station
Kota Junction railway station is major railway junction on the West Central railway network of India which serves Kota in Rajasthan. It is the headquarters of Kota railway division of West Central Railway zone.