hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1917 Kazan Gunpowder Plant fire
The 1917 Kazan Gunpowder Plant fire began on 14 August 1917 in the city  of Kazan, which was then center of governorate within the Russian Empire, destroying the plant and spreading panic in the city on 14–16 August, which lasted at least until 24 August. Fire resulted in minor detonations of the shells in depots, scattered over the industrial part of the city. However, most of the explosives were flooded by water from emergency reservoirs; that prevented a major explosion. 13 were killed by the blast and fire, 8 died of wounds, and 172, including 30 children, were injured. The fire destroyed 12,000 machine guns and one million shells in depots (78,500 poods), and 542 buildings were destroyed, 152 of them totally. In addition, 1.8 million poods (29.5 tonnes) of oil were lost to the fire.

Conflagration
A conflagration is a particularly large and destructive fire. In the built environment, this may describe a fire that spreads via structure to structure, ignition due to radiant or convective heat, or ember transmission. Conflagrations often damage human life, animal life, health, and/or property. A conflagration can begin accidentally or be intentionally created (arson). A very large fire can produce a firestorm, in which the central column of rising heated air induces strong inward winds, which supply oxygen to the fire. Conflagrations can cause casualties including deaths or injuries from burns, collapse of structures and attempts to escape, and smoke inhalation.

Firefighting is the practice of extinguishing a conflagration, protecting life and property and minimizing damage and injury. One of the goals of fire prevention is to avoid conflagrations. When a conflagration is extinguished, there is often a fire investigation to determine the cause of the fire.
Fars (territory)
Fars territory or Ancient Persia (Persian: سرزمین فارس یا پارس کهن, in Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa)) in the southern part of Iran leading to the Persian Gulf, which has historical, continental, cultural and especially dialectal commonalities and includes the provinces of Khuzestan, Fars, Esfahan, Bushehr, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Hormozgan and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and the western part of Kerman province, which is known as the origin of Persian language and inherited from Middle Persian. Which is still culturally and linguistically distinct to this day.

In 558 BC, Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II) was born in Anshan (Persia), somewhere between the cities Izeh in the northeast of Khuzestan and the southwest of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. The Cyrus the Great founded Satrap of Persia (in place of present-day Marvdasht, north of Fars province), then he moved Achaemenid Empire capital to Susa.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
Waukegan National Airport
Waukegan National Airport (IATA: UGN, ICAO: KUGN, FAA LID: UGN) is a public airport in Waukegan, in Lake County, Illinois. The airport is 40 miles (64 km) north of Chicago. It was originally Waukegan Memorial Airport. It has been operated by the Waukegan Port District since 1956. In January 2014 under a FAA reclassification of many small airports, the airport was renamed Waukegan National Airport

The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, categorized it as a reliever airport for Chicago O'Hare International Airport. Runway upgrades began in 2022.

During the 2020 Kenosha unrest, US President Donald Trump flew into Waukegan on his way to assess the damage in Kenosha, Wisconsin.

Relief airport
A relief airport or reliever airport is an airport that is built or designated to provide relief or additional capacity to an area when the primary commercial airport(s) requires additional capacity, on a long-term or temporary basis.
Laurier (name)
Laurier is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Alain Laurier, French footballer

Jan Laurier, Dutch senator

Lucie Laurier, actress

Robert Laurier, Canadian lawyer and politician

Romuald-Charlemagne Laurier, politician and half-brother of Sir Wilfrid Laurier

Ruben Charles Laurier, Canadian physician and politician

Wilfrid Laurier (1841–1919), Prime Minister of Canada

Zoé Laurier, wife of Sir Wilfrid

Given name:

Laurier J. Boisvert, president of the Canadian Space Agency

Laurier LaPierre, Canadian senator

Laurier Lévesque, Canadian politician

Laurier Régnier, Canadian member of parliament

Wilfrid Laurier McDougald, Canadian senator

Wilfrid Laurier McDougald
Wilfrid Laurier McDougald (August 9, 1881 – June 19, 1942) was a Canadian senator.

Born in Alexandria, Ontario, he was educated at McGill University (where he was a member of Kappa Alpha Society) and Queen's University and practiced medicine in Montreal. He was appointed Chairman of the Montreal Harbour Commission in 1922.

In 1926, he was appointed to the Senate representing the senatorial division of Wellington, Quebec. He resigned in 1932 as a result of the Beauharnois Scandal.

He built Northbrook Lodge at Paul Smiths, New York between about 1919 and 1922. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
Patriata
Patriata also known as New Murree is a hill station in northern Punjab, Pakistan. It is situated 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south-east of Murree hill. Patriata is located in Murree Tehsil which is a subdivision of Murree District. It is the highest point in the area and the hills stand 7,500 feet (2,300 m) above sea level.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
St. Charles Area Transit
St. Charles Area Transit, branding its service as SCAT, is a public transportation service located in St. Charles County, Missouri. The goal of the service is to provide mass transit access for these St. Louis, Missouri suburbs, which are not part of the city's Bi-State Development Agency transportation system. Four local bus routes are provided, plus one commuter route to St. Louis County, Missouri.

St. Charles County, Missouri
St. Charles County is located in the central eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 405,262, making it Missouri's third-most populous county. Its county seat is St. Charles. The county was organized October 1, 1812, and named for Saint Charles Borromeo, an Italian cardinal.

St. Charles County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains many of the city's northwestern suburbs. The wealthiest county in Missouri, St. Charles County is one of the nation's fastest-growing counties.

St. Charles County includes a part of the Augusta AVA, an area of vineyards and wineries designated by the federal government in 1980 as the first American Viticultural Area. The county's rural outer edge along the south-facing bluffs above the Missouri River, is also part of the broader Missouri Rhineland.
Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.

Torso
The torso or trunk is the central part, or the core, of the body of many animals (including human beings), from which the head, neck, limbs, tail and other appendages extend.

The tetrapod torso — including that of a human — can be divided into segments:

The chest or upper torso.  This section is also called the thorax or the thoracic region.  This is where the forelimbs extend.

The abdomen.  The abdomenal section is also known as the "mid-section" or midriff.

The pelvis and perineum.

Sometimes the pelvic, perineal, and abdomenal regions are grouped together and called the lower torso.

The hindlimbs extend from the lower torso.

The back is also part of the torso.
Indonesia–United Arab Emirates relations
Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) established diplomatic relations in 1976. Diplomatic relations between both nations are important because they share solidarity as Muslim majority countries. Indonesia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai, while the United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Non-Aligned Movement, BRICS and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).

Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (Arabic: زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان, romanized: Zāyid bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān; 6 May 1918 – 2 November 2004) was an Emirati politician, philanthropist, and the founding father of the United Arab Emirates. Zayed served as the governor of Eastern Region from 1946 until he became the ruler of Abu Dhabi in 1966, and served as the first president of the United Arab Emirates from its independence on 2 December 1971 until his death in 2004. He is referred in the United Arab Emirates as the Father of the Nation for being the principal driving force behind the unification of the United Arab Emirates.

Zayed replaced his older brother Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan as the ruler of Abu Dhabi on 6 August 1966 after Shakhbut was deposed through a bloodless coup by members of the ruling family with British support.
John de Benstede
Sir John de Benstede KB (c.1275 –1323/4) was a prominent member of the English royal household in the late 13th and early 14th century. He was Prebendary of Sandiacre from 3 February 1297 until, presumably, 1308, when he married. He was also King's Secretary, and he served variously as keeper of the Great Seal and controller of the wardrobe (for Edward I).  He also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1305 to 1306, and as a royal judge from 1309 onwards.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
The Order of the Day
The Order of the Day  (French: L'Ordre du jour) is a novel by the French writer Éric Vuillard. In French it is described as a récit, while The Guardian described it as an historical essay with literary flourishes.

The book received the Prix Goncourt.

Prix Goncourt
The Prix Goncourt (French: Le prix Goncourt [lə pʁi ɡɔ̃kuʁ], "The Goncourt Prize") is a prize in French literature, given by the académie Goncourt to the author of "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year". The prize carries a symbolic reward of only 10 euros, but results in considerable recognition and book sales for the winning author. Four other prizes are also awarded: prix Goncourt du Premier Roman (first novel), prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle (short story), prix Goncourt de la Poésie (poetry) and prix Goncourt de la Biographie (biography). Of the "big six" French literary awards, the Prix Goncourt is the best known and most prestigious. The other major literary prizes include the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, the Prix Femina, the Prix Renaudot, the Prix Interallié and the Prix Médicis.
Chōsen Railway Class 630
The Class 630 was a class of steam tank locomotives with 2-6-2 wheel arrangement operated by the Chōsen Railway in colonial Korea. The first five were built for the company by Kisha Seizō of Japan for use on the railway's Hwanghae Line; they were numbered 630 through 634 (works numbers 1113-1117); these were joined by an unknown number built by Nippon Sharyō in the same year.

After the Liberation and partition of Korea, these locomotives were taken over by the Korean State Railway of North Korea, and were likely scrapped after the conversion of the Hwanghae Line network to standard gauge in 1973. Their KSR numbering is unknown.

Hwanghae Chongnyon Line
The Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line is an electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the Korean State Railway in the North and South Hwanghae provinces of North Korea, running from Sariwŏn to Haeju. It connects to the P'yŏngbu Line at Sariwŏn, to the Ŭnnyul Line at Ŭnp'a, to the Paech'ŏn Line at Changbang, and to the Ongjin Line at Haeju. It plays an important role in the transportation of freight and passengers in North and South Hwanghae provinces, serving important mining and industrial areas, as well as one of the DPRK's most important ports for foreign trade.
Gerd Zacher
Gerd Zacher (6 July 1929 – 9 June 2014) was a German composer, organist, and writer on music. He specialized in contemporary compositions, many of which feature extended techniques, and are written in graphic or verbal scores. He interpreted the scores of numerous contemporary composers, including John Cage, Juan Allende-Blin, Mauricio Kagel, György Ligeti, Hans Otte, Luis de Pablo, and Isang Yun. He is also known as an interpreter of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Zacher was born in Meppen and lived in Essen, Germany.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
2022 Maryland Comptroller election
The 2022 Maryland Comptroller election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the next Comptroller of Maryland. Incumbent Democratic Comptroller Peter Franchot declined to run for a fifth term and instead ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Maryland.

Maryland Legislative District 45
Maryland House of Delegates District 45 is one of 47 legislative districts in the state of Maryland and is one of the 5 located entirely within Baltimore City.

Voters in this district select three delegates every four years to represent them in the Maryland House of Delegates.
2019 AFL Under 18 Championships
The 2019 NAB AFL Under-18 Championships was the 24th edition of the AFL Under-18 Championships.

The tournament was played between five teams—Allies, South Australia, Vic Country, Vic Metro and Western Australia—playing each other across five rounds.

Western Australia won the tournament for the first time since 2009, Western Australia captain and midfielder Deven Robertson won the Larke Medal as the tournament's best player.

Allies (Australian rules football)
The Allies is a composite team competing in interstate representative Australian rules football matches that comprises players from Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland and Tasmania.

The senior men's Allies contested four State of Origin matches in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998, and the senior women's Allies contested one State of Origin match in 2017. Allies teams have also contested the AFL Under 18/19 Championships since 2016 for boys and 2017 for girls.
Piers Crosby
Sir Piers Crosby (1590–1646) was an Irish soldier and politician. Crosby was also a leading Irish magnate, owning various estates across the island. He was a man of strong and determined character, and had sufficient political skills to help bring about the downfall and death of the Earl of Stafford, who in the 1630s had been virtually all-powerful in Ireland.

Magnate
A magnate was a man from the higher nobility, a man who belonged to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the szlachta (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10–12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy.
Majdan, Suwałki County
Majdan (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmajdan]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.

Gmina Szypliszki
Gmina Szypliszki, is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the Lithuanian border. Its seat is the village of Szypliszki, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-east of Suwałki and 126 km (78 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 156.55 square kilometres (60.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,008.
Mustafa Waliullah
Sheikh Mustafa (1836 – 25 July 1888), known as Sheikh Mustafa Waliullah (Tamil: அஷ் செய்கு முஸ்தபா(வலியுல்லாஹ்) இப்னு பாவா ஆதம்) was an Islamic scholar from Sri Lanka. He was also a poet and Sufi. Sheikh Mustafa was founder of the Qadiriyyathun Nabaviyyah Sufi order.

Kayalpatnam
Kayalpatnam (also known as Kayal) is an 18-ward municipality in the Thoothukudi district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Kayalpatnam (also spelled Kayalpattinam) is a historic coastal municipality in the Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for its centuries-old maritime trade history, Islamic heritage, Hindu temples (mandirs) and unique cultural identity. According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 40,588.
Claude Marcel
Claude Victor André Marcel Knight, Leg Hon (31 August 1793 - 17 January 1876) was a French diplomat and language teacher who served in Cork as an official representative of the French government between 1816 and April 1863 and was additionally a teacher of French and the author of a two-volume study of language education published in London in 1853 under the title Language as a Means of Mental Culture and International Communication; or, Manual of the Teacher and the Learner of Languages. He has been seen as pioneer of applied linguistics.

Language education
Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. Its study reflects interdisciplinary approaches, usually including some applied linguistics. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
Phulwa
Phulwa (transl. Flower) (also known as Phulwa Choti Dulhan) is an Indian television drama on the Colors TV. It is set against the backdrop of Chambal forest near Morena, Madhya Pradesh. The story is loosely based on the life of Phoolan Devi, the dacoit-turned politician.

Colors TV
Colors TV India is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, fantasy shows, romantic dramas, comedies, reality shows and crime shows.
Philoxenian version
The Philoxenian version (508) is a revision of earlier Syriac versions of the Bible. It was commissioned by Philoxenus of Mabbug and completed by his chorepiscopus Polycarp. Philoxenos' revisions were initiated by concerns that some of the Peshitto readings gave support to Nestorian theology. It became the received Bible of the Syrian Miaphysites during the 6th century.

It was followed by the Harklean Version, an Aramaic language Bible translation by Thomas of Harqel completed in 616 AD in Egypt which was partly based on the Philoxenian version, and partly a new and very literal translation from the Greek New Testament.

Thomas of Harqel
Thomas of Harqel was a miaphysite bishop from the early 7th century. Educated in Greek at the monastery of Qenneshre, he became bishop of Mabbug in Syria. He was deposed as bishop by the anti-miaphysite metropolitan Domitian of Melitene before 602.

He and Paul of Tella lived as exiles in the Coptic monastery of the Enaton near Alexandria, Egypt. At the request of Athanasios I, they worked on a Syriac translation of the Greek Bible. Translation of the New Testament, known as the Harclensis was completed in 616. At this time, 2 Peter, 2 John, 3 John, Jude and Revelation were added to the Syriac Bible. Until then they were excluded.
Household pennant
Household pennant is a quite common Nordic and Scandinavian tradition. A household pennant (Finnish: isännänviiri; Swedish: vimpel; Norwegian: vimpel; Danish: vimpel) can be flown whenever there is no flag flying day and it is usually a means of telling that the "master of the house" is at home or simply for decorations. Due to this, pennant flags are usually a more common sight than the national flag in these countries. These pennants have a long, narrow, triangular shape, usually one third to half the length of the flag pole. The pennants are also used in some countries for determining wind direction. Unlike the national flag, which usually has a specific timeframe it can formally be flown during the day, pennants are regarded as more informal, and can be flown all day and night until worn out.

Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland (Finnish: Varsinais-Suomi, IPA: [ˈʋɑrs̠inɑi̯s̠ˌs̠uo̞̯mi]; Swedish: Egentliga Finland) is a region (Finnish: maakunta, Swedish: landskap) of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, Pirkanmaa, Kanta-Häme, Uusimaa, and Åland. The regional capital and most populous city is Turku, which was the capital city of Finland before Helsinki.

The region largely corresponds to the historical province of Finland Proper. Until 2019, its official English name was Finland Proper, a designation still used in Finnish (Varsinais-Suomi) and Swedish (Egentliga Finland).
Tappania
Tappania is an acanthomorph acritarch found in late Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic rocks. The oldest examples are around 1630 million years old, making them some of the oldest known evidence of Eukaryotes in the fossil record.

Tappania plana appears in Paleoproterozoic formations of India (Deonar) and northern China (Baicaoping and Beidajian), both with an age of 1,630 mya. It is a roughly spherical acritarch, 30-60 μm in diameter, with one or two small necks. Small branched and / or partitioned tubes emerge from the central body.

Tappania sp. It appears in deposits of the Neoproterozoic in northern Australia, northwestern US and central Siberia, with an age of up to 850 mya and 200-300 mya stratigraphic presence. It is larger than Tappania plana, up to 300 μm in length, with an elongated or lobed central body from where hyphae-like tubular extensions radiate.  These hyphae form a three-dimensional network around the central body.

Acritarch
Acritarchs (from Greek  achritos 'uncertain' and  arché 'origin') are organic microfossils, known from the Archean eon of the Precambrian to the present. The classification is a catch all term used to refer to any organic microfossils that cannot be assigned to other groups. Their diversity reflects major ecological events such as the appearance of predation and the Cambrian explosion. Many acritarchs likely represent resting cysts of single-celled marine phytoplanktonic algae, similar to those produced by living dinoflagellates.