hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blackedge whipray
The blackedge whipray (Himantura marginata) is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in the coastal waters of the Bay of Bengal and the Gulf of Mannar. Attaining a disc width of 1.8 m (5.9 ft), this species has a diamond-shaped disc with two small concavities on either side of the snout tip, and a long, whip-like tail without tail folds. It is characterized by large thorns with star-shaped bases scattered over the disc, and by the wide, black marginal bands on the underside of the disc. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently lacks sufficient data to assess the blackedge whipray beyond Data Deficient.

Myliobatiformes
Myliobatiformes (/mɪliˈɒbətɪfɔːrmiːz/), commonly known as stingrays, are one of the four orders of batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They are members of the subclass elasmobranchs. They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes, but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the Myliobatiformes to be a monophyletic group, and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates.
Kurt Behrens
Kurt Edward Franz Behrens (26 November 1884 – 5 February 1928) was a German diver who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1908 he won the silver medal in the 3 metre springboard event. Four years later he won the bronze medal in the 3 metre springboard event. In the plain high diving as well as in the 10 metre platform competition he was eliminated in the first round.

Diving at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's plain high diving
The men's plain high diving was one of four diving events on the diving at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. The competition was held on Saturday 6 July 1912, on Sunday 7 July 1912, and on Thursday 11 July 1912. Thirty-one divers from nine nations competed.
Fencing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre
The men's sabre event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place on 24 July 2021 at the Makuhari Messe. Thirty-six fencers from 18 nations competed. Two-time defending champion Hungary's Áron Szilágyi completed the three-peat by winning the gold medal.

Áron Szilágyi
Áron Szilágyi (Hungarian: [ˈaːron ˈsilaːɟi]; born 14 January 1990) is a Hungarian right-handed sabre fencer. A five-time Olympian, Szilágyi is a three-time individual Olympic champion, 2021 team Olympic bronze medalist, and 2024 team Olympic silver medalist.

Szilágyi competed in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the 2012 London Olympic Games, the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games, and the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. In Tokyo, Szilágyi became the only male fencer in history to win three individual Olympic gold medals.

Szilágyi is also a 2018 team European champion, 2015 individual European champion, 2007 team world champion, and 2022 individual world champion.

Szilágyi has served as the president of the Vasas Sport Club Fencing Division since 2020.
Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline
Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India (TAPI) is a natural gas pipeline being developed by the Galkynysh – TAPI Pipeline Company Limited with participation of the Asian Development Bank. The pipeline will eventually extend about 1,814 km (1,127 mi) in length and transport natural gas from the Galkynysh Gas Field in Turkmenistan through Afghanistan into Pakistan and then to India.

The TAPI pipeline was completed on the Turkmenistan side in 2024. A year later Kazakhstan showed interest in joining the pipeline project. The project is currently expanding southbound in Herat Province of Afghanistan. Proponents of the project see it as a modern continuation of the Silk Road.

Ashgabat
Ashgabat is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. It lies between the Karakum Desert and the Köpetdag mountain range in Central Asia, approximately 50 km (30 mi) away from the Iran-Turkmenistan border. The city has a population of 1,030,063 (2022 census).

The city was founded in 1881 on the basis of an Ahal Teke tribal village, and made the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924 when it was known as Poltoratsk. Much of the city was destroyed by the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, but has since been extensively rebuilt under the rule of Saparmyrat Nyýazow's "White City" urban renewal project, resulting in monumental projects sheathed in costly white marble. The Soviet-era Karakum Canal runs through the city, carrying waters from the Amu Darya from east to west.

Today, as the capital of an independent Turkmenistan, Ashgabat retains a multiethnic population, with ethnic Turkmen as the majority. In 2021, it celebrated 140 years of its written history.
Taghavi
Taghavi or Taqavi (Persian: تقوی) related to the Arabic and Persian term تقوا with the meaning of piety or virtue, is a Persian surname which in both of its Latin transcriptions (Taghavi and Taqavi) of the Perso-Arabic alphabet is also common among the Iranian diaspora.

Notable people with the surname include:

Ahmad Taghavi (born 1978), Iranian footballer

Hamid Taqavi (1955–2014), Brigadier General in the Iranian Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution

Mehdi Taghavi (born 1987), Iranian wrestler

Mohammad Taghavi (born 1967), retired Iranian football player

Mojtaba Taghavi (born 1968), retired Iranian football player

Shahram Taghavi, English lawyer

Hamid Taqavi
Brigadier General Hamid Taqavi (Persian: حمید تقوی; 1955 – 27 December 2014) was an Iranian military officer and commander in the IRGC's Quds Force.

A veteran of the Iran–Iraq War, he was reportedly killed in action in late 2014 by an ISIL sniper while on “an advisory mission” during the War in Iraq (2013-17).
Digital topology
Digital topology deals with properties and features of two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) digital images
that correspond to topological properties (e.g., connectedness) or topological features (e.g., boundaries) of objects.

Concepts and results of digital topology are used to specify and justify important (low-level) image analysis algorithms, 
including algorithms for thinning, border or surface tracing, counting of components or tunnels, or region-filling.

Two-dimensional space
A two-dimensional space is a mathematical space with two dimensions, meaning points have two degrees of freedom: their locations can be locally described with two coordinates or they can move in two independent directions. Common two-dimensional spaces are often called planes, or, more generally, surfaces. These include analogs to physical spaces, like flat planes, and curved surfaces like spheres, cylinders, and cones, which can be infinite or finite. Some two-dimensional mathematical spaces are not used to represent physical positions, like an affine plane or complex plane.
Apuania
Apuania was a short-lived comune of the Kingdom of Italy, created in 1938 under the Fascist regime by merging the Tuscan comuni of Massa, Carrara and Montignoso. The province of Massa-Carrara was accordingly renamed province of Apuania. Among the main supporters of this unified municipality were the Fascist leaders Renato Ricci, from Carrara, and Osvaldo Sebastiani, from Massa. The comune of Apuania had an area of 181 square kilometres and population of 106,378 inhabitants (59,031 in Carrara, 41,819 in Massa, 5,528 in Montignoso), over half of the overall population of 204,377 in the province. Its motto was Ex tribus una (Latin: "From three, one"), and the administrative seat was in Carrara, the largest of the three towns. It was dissolved in 1946, after which Massa, Carrara and Montignoso returned to their previous status as separate comuni.

Carrara
Carrara (/kəˈrɑːrə/ kə-RAR-ə; Italian: [kaˈraːɾa]; Emilian: Carara, Emilian: [kaˈɾaːɾa]) is a town and comune in Tuscany, in northern Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there. It is on the Carrione River, some 100 kilometres (62 mi) west-northwest of Florence. Its motto is Latin: "Fortitudo mea in rota" ("My strength is in the wheel"), a reference firstly to the marble shipping industry from Roman times onwards.

During the contemporary era, the city and the surrounding region are closely linked to the history of the anarchist movement, with a significant part of its population being anarchist and many congresses being held there—one of the most notable being the Congress of Carrara (1968), which founded the International of Anarchist Federations (IAF), one of the main anarchist organizations to this day.
Wuzhou Wu
Wuzhou Wu (婺州話 or 務州片) is a Southern Wu Chinese language spoken in and around Jinhua in Zhejiang province. It is at best only poorly intelligible with Taihu Wu. Wuzhou Wu is named after the ancient Wuzhou County that existed in modern-day Jinhua.

Jinhua
Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province in eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast. Its population was 7,050,683 as of the 2020 census including 1,463,990 in the built-up (or metro) area made of two urban districts (not including yet the satellite city of Lanxi, which has become essentially a suburban offshoot of Jinhua's main urban area).

Jinhua is rich in red soil and forest resources. The Jinhua or Wu River flows through the Lan and Fuchun to the Qiantang River beside Hangzhou, which flows into Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. In medieval China, it formed part of the water network feeding supplies to the southern end of the Grand Canal. It is best known for its dry-cured Jinhua ham.
David A. Mason
David Alan Mason (born November 11, 1957) is an American academic usually based in South Korea. He has been a professor of cultural tourism at Sejong University in Seoul since 2014. He has authored about 10 prominent books on Korean culture, spirituality, travel and mountains, and serves as a scholar, author, public speaker and tour guide. He remains a well-known authority on Korean spiritual traditions of all kinds, especially about his core topic the Sansin (산신, 山神, Sanshin) deity and their shrines found throughout Korea called Sansin-gak (산신각, 山神閣), integral parts of Korean Buddhist temples, Korean Shamanism and village life. He is also an expert on the Baekdu-daegan mountain range and Korea's national parks, having visited all 20 as of 2011.

Buddhist temples in Korea
Buddhist temples are an important part of the Korean landscape. Most Korean temples have names ending in -sa (Korean: 사; Hanja: 寺), which means "monastery" in Sino-Korean.
Many temples participate in the Templestay program, where visitors can experience Buddhist culture and even stay at the temple overnight.
McKay Ridge
McKay Ridge is a 7,000+ ft (2,130+ m) ridge located in Whatcom County in Washington state. It is part of the Okanogan Range which is a sub-range of the North Cascades. It's situated north of the North Cascades Highway on land administered by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher peak is Majestic Mountain, 1.6 miles (2.6 km) to the northeast. Precipitation runoff from the ridge drains to Ross Lake via tributaries of the Skagit River.

Skagit River
The Skagit River (/ˈskædʒɪt/ SKAJ-it) is a river in southwestern British Columbia in Canada and northwestern Washington in the United States, approximately 150 mi (240 km) long. The river and its tributaries drain an area of 1.7 million acres (690,000 hectares) of the Cascade Range along the northern end of Puget Sound and flows into the sound.

The Skagit watershed is characterized by a temperate, mid-latitude, maritime climate. Temperatures range widely throughout the watershed. Recorded temperatures at Newhalem range from a low of −6 °F (−21 °C) to a high of 109 °F (43 °C), with greater extremes likely in the mountains. The highest temperatures are commonly recorded in July; the lowest are in January.
Janet Cobbs
Janet Cobbs (born February 22, 1967) is an American/Canadian volleyball coach. During her playing career, she was an All-American at North Dakota State University and won a bronze medal with the United States women's national team at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

United States women's national volleyball team
The United States women's national volleyball team participates in international volleyball competitions and friendly games, and is governed by USA Volleyball. Their last head coach was three-time Olympic gold medalist and retired dominant beach volleyball player Karch Kiraly.

Before 2014, the United States women's national volleyball team had achieved second place six times in major competitions (1967 World Women's Volleyball Championship, 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, 2002 World Women's Volleyball Championship, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2011 World Cup, 2012 London Olympic Games) but had never reached the top. In 2014, the team had a breakthrough to capture its first major title by defeating China in the Women's Volleyball World Championship final. The team captured its first Olympic gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
Budhahang
Budhahang (Nepali: बुढाहाङ) was a king of the Kirati  Community in the   of the   Kalsha territory, present-day Dhankuta District. He belonged to the Chulung subtribe of the Kirati people  His palace was located in the region currently known as Ankhisalla and Chintang. Budhahang is regarded as a former king of the Khalsa area, who ruled during the time when Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered the Kirat region (1774-75 BS). It is said that Ankhisalla, Khoku, Chhintang, Pakhribas, Jhalhara Belhara, Muga, Thangkhuwa, Mahabharat, Hatikharka, Chanuwa, Ahale, Phangduwa, Bhirgaun Sanne, Phalate, and Leguwa were included in the Khalsa territory before the Gorkhali invasion.

Phalate
Phalate  is a village development committee in Dhankuta District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2656 people living in 501 individual households.
Ishoʿbokht
Ishoʿbokht (late 7th or late 8th century) was a Persian legal scholar, Christian theologian and philosopher. He is known through his writings and a few references to them. The dates of his birth and death are not known precisely, and little can be said of his life other than that he served as the metropolitan bishop of Fars.

Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument. Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons, such as in order to:

help them better understand Christian tenets

make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions

defend Christianity against objections and criticism

facilitate reforms in the Christian church

assist in the propagation of Christianity

draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need

education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy
Vadim Kravchenko
Vadim Vladimirovich Kravchenko (Russian: Вадим Владимирович Кравченко; born 4 May 1969, in Almaty) is a Kazakhstani former cyclist. He competed in the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics in the individual pursuit.

Individual pursuit
The individual pursuit is a track cycling event where two cyclists begin the race from a stationary position on opposite sides of the track. 
It is held at over 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) for men and women. The riders start at the same time and set off to complete the race distance in the fastest time. They ride on the pursuit line at the bottom of the track to find the fastest line, with each rider trying to catch the other who started on the other side. If the catch is achieved, the successful pursuer is the winner. However, they can continue the rest of the race distance to set the fastest time in a qualifying race or a record in a final.
Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
The Museum of the Risorgimento (Italian: Museo del Risorgimento), located in the 18th-century  Milanese Palazzo Moriggia, houses a collection of objects and artworks which illustrate the history of Italian unification from Napoleon's Italian campaign of 1796 to the annexation of Rome in 1870. The city of Milan played a key role in the process, most notably on the occasion of the 1848 uprising against the Austrians known as the Five Days of Milan.

Francesco Hayez
Francesco Hayez (Italian: [franˈtʃesko ˈaːjets]; 10 February 1791 – 12 February 1882) was an Italian painter. He is considered one of the leading artists of Romanticism in mid-19th-century Milan, and is renowned for his grand historical paintings, political allegories, and portraits.
The Smithereens Play Tommy
The Smithereens Play Tommy is the tenth studio album by Carteret, New Jersey–based rock band The Smithereens, released on 5 May 2009 by E1 Music. The album features the band covering highlights from The Who's 1969 concept album, Tommy, creating an abridged version of the original story. The Smithereens edited the original album's 24 selections down to 13 songs, with a total running time of 41 minutes, compared to the original's 75 minutes.

It is The Smithereens' fourth cover album in a row, following  two albums devoted entirely to Beatles songs  (Meet The Smithereens! and B-Sides The Beatles) and an album of Christmas-themed songs (Christmas with The Smithereens).

The album cover is illustrated by William Stout, who also designed The Who's bootleg albums Who's Zoo and Tales from the Who.

Jim Babjak
Jim Babjak (born November 17, 1957) is an American guitarist and ex-banker. He is the lead guitar player and co-founder of The Smithereens. Babjak has written and sung several songs for the band.  He also is the leader of the band Buzzed Meg.
Gérald Isaac
Gérald Isaac (1955 - September 2023) was a Canadian actor and tenor known for his performances in both operas and musicals. He has performed leading roles with the Canadian Opera Company, the Houston Grand Opera, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the New York City Opera, Opera Atelier, and the San Francisco Opera. He has performed in musicals at the National Arts Centre, the Princess of Wales Theatre, and the Stratford Festival.

Isaac runs a musical theatre and performance studio in Toronto.

Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.
Thomas Russell Wilkins
Thomas Russell Wilkins (6 June 1891, Toronto – 10 December 1940, Rochester, New York) was a Canadian physicist.

Wilkins received in 1912 his bachelor's degree in physics from McMaster University (which was then located in Toronto). He began graduate study in physics at the University of Chicago and taught at Brandon College, where he was head of the department of mathematics and physics from 1918 to 1925. In 1921 he received his PhD from the University of Chicago with his thesis Multiple valency in the ionization by alpha rays. In 1924 he was an Invited Speaker at the ICM in 1924 in Toronto.

He spent one year, 1925–1926, at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge, England. In 1926 he joined the Physics Department of the University of Rochester in New York. In 1928 he was appointed director of the Institute of Optics. He died in Rochester on 10 December 1940. Wilkins secured photographic recordings of cosmic rays and the disintegration of radium atoms.

International Congress of Mathematicians
The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for the topic of mathematics. It meets once every four years, hosted by the International Mathematical Union (IMU).

The Fields Medals, the IMU Abacus Medal (known before 2022 as the Nevanlinna Prize), the Gauss Prize, and the Chern Medal are awarded during the congress's opening ceremony. Each congress is memorialized by a printed set of Proceedings recording academic papers based on invited talks intended to be relevant to current topics of general interest. Being invited to talk at the ICM has been called "the equivalent ... of an induction to a hall of fame".
Alexander Dempsey
Sir Alexander Dempsey, M.D. FRSM, JP (born 1852, Ballymoney, County Antrim — died 1920) was an Irish physician, hospital administrator and magistrate.

Educated at St Malachy's College, the Catholic University Medical School, Dublin and Queen's College, Galway, he earned the degree of Doctor of Medicine of the Royal University and the Diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 1874.

In 1874 he set up his own medical practice on Donegall Street, Belfast. He was a founder member, secretary and later president of the North of Ireland Branch of the British Medical Association. He was president of the Ulster Medical Association from 1880 to 1891. In 1880 he was named as a magistrate for the City of Belfast.

University of Galway
The University of Galway (Irish: Ollscoil na Gaillimhe) is a public research university located in the city of Galway, Ireland. The university was founded in 1845 as Queen's College, Galway. It was known as "University College, Galway" (UCG) (Irish: Coláiste na hOllscoile, Gaillimh) from 1908 to 1997 and as "National University of Ireland Galway" (NUI Galway) (Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh; OÉ Gaillimh) from 1997 to 2022. In September 2022, it changed its name to "Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway". It is also a member of the Coimbra Group, a network of 42 long-established European universities.
Zhe (Armenian letter)
Zhe, or Že (majuscule: Ժ; minuscule: ժ; Armenian: ժե; Classical Armenian: ժէ) is the tenth letter of the Armenian alphabet. It represents the voiced postalveolar fricative (/ʒ/) in both Eastern and Western varieties of Armenian. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a numerical value of 10. Its shape is visually similar to one other Armenian letter, Ca (ծ). Its shape in lowercase form is also similar to the minuscule form of the Latin letter D (d).

Eastern Armenian
Eastern Armenian (Armenian: արևելահայերեն, romanized: arevelahayeren) is one of the two standardized forms of Modern Armenian, the other being Western Armenian. The two standards form a pluricentric language.

Eastern Armenian developed as a separate standard starting in the eighteenth century. It belongs to the -um branch of Armenian dialects (sometimes called the Eastern branch), distinguished by how the present tense is formed.

Eastern Armenian is spoken in Armenia, Russia, as well as Georgia, and by the Armenian community in Iran. Although the Eastern Armenian spoken by Armenians in Armenia and Iranian-Armenians are similar, there are pronunciation differences with different inflections. Armenians from Iran also have some words that are unique to them. Due to migrations of speakers from Armenia and Iran to the Armenian diaspora, the dialect is now very prominent in countries and regions where only Western Armenian was used.