hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schuylkill River National and State Heritage Area
Schuylkill River National and State Heritage Area is a federally designated National Heritage Area in the valley of the Schuylkill River in southeastern Pennsylvania. The heritage area extends from Pottsville to Philadelphia through Schuylkill, Berks, Chester, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties. The national heritage area interprets and promotes the river's history during the American Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, as well as its natural environment and its recreational use.

Major historic sites within the national heritage area include Valley Forge National Historical Park, Independence National Historical Park, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site and Cliveden. Natural areas within the heritage area include Hawk Mountain Sanctuary and John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge.

The heritage area is managed by the Schuylkill River Greenway Association. It was established by Public Law 106-278 in 2000.

Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill County (/ˈskuːlkɪl/, locally /-kəl/; Pennsylvania Dutch: Schulkill Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,049. The county seat is Pottsville. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

The county is part of the Pottsville micropolitan statistical area, and borders eight  counties: Berks and Lebanon counties to its south, Dauphin and Northumberland counties to its west, Columbia and Luzerne counties to its north, and Carbon and Lehigh counties to its east. The county is approximately 47 miles (76 km) west of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 97 miles (156 km) northwest of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.

The county was created on March 1, 1811, from parts of Berks and Northampton counties and named for the Schuylkill River, which originates in the county. On March 3, 1818, additional territory in its northeast was added from Columbia and Luzerne counties.
Heinrich Schreiber
Heinrich Schreiber (14 July 1793, in Freiburg im Breisgau – 29 November 1872, in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German Catholic theologian and historian, known for his writings about the city of Freiburg.

He studied at the University of Freiburg and in 1815 received his ordination as a priest. Later on, he taught classes at the gymnasium in his hometown, then worked as a librarian at the university. In 1821 he obtained his habilitation, and five years later became a professor of moral theology at the university. In 1836 he switched from the theological to the philosophical faculty, and thus gave lectures in German literature and ethics.

Around 1845 he joined the German Catholic Church, an action that led to his excommunication by the Roman Catholic Church and his dismissal from the University of Freiburg. From 1846 onward, he devoted his time and energy to historical research.

Ethics in religion
Ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. A central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life worth living or life that is simply satisfying, which is held by many philosophers to be more important than traditional moral conduct.

Most religions have an ethical component, often derived from purported supernatural revelation or guidance. Some assert that religion is necessary to live ethically. Simon Blackburn states that there are those who "would say that we can only flourish under the umbrella of a strong social order, cemented by common adherence to a particular religious tradition".
Elizabeth Coxhead
Eileen Elizabeth Coxhead (18 February 1909 – 16 September 1979) was an English novelist, biographer, literary critic, journalist and mountaineer. Her novels include One Green Bottle (1951), The Midlanders (1953), The Figure in the Mist (1955) and The Friend in Need (1957). She also wrote Lady Gregory: A Literary Portrait (1961).

Max Robertson
William Maxwell Robertson (28 August 1915 – 20 November 2009) was a sports commentator, radio and television presenter and author. He is best remembered for his forty years of tennis coverage on BBC Radio.
1998 Detroit Tigers season
The 1998 Detroit Tigers season was the team's 98th season and the 87th season at Tiger Stadium. The Tigers finished in fifth place in their first season in the American League Central with a record of 65–97 (.401), 24 games behind the Cleveland Indians.  The Tigers were outscored by their opponents 863 to 722.  The Tigers drew 1,409,391 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1998, ranking 11th of the 14 teams in the American League.

The Tigers missed the playoffs for the 11th straight season, tying a record set between 1973 and 1983. It was also the team's fifth consecutive losing season. Both streaks would last until 2006.

1998 Cleveland Indians season
The 1998 Cleveland Indians season was the 98th season for the franchise and the 5th season at Jacobs Field. 
The Indians hoped to improve upon their American League pennant-winning season of 1997, but succumbed to the New York Yankees in the ALCS in six games. The Indians would lead the AL Central wire-to-wire in 1998, becoming the first team in franchise history (and as of 2020, the only team in franchise history) to do so.
Sandra Lecour
Sandra Lecour is a Canadian cross-country skier. She represented Canada at the 1984 Winter Paralympics and at the 1988 Winter Paralympics, both held in Innsbruck, Austria. In total she won two gold medals and one bronze medal.

She won the gold medal in the women's short distance 5 km B2 event and also in the women's long distance 10 km B2. She won the bronze medal together with Kim Umback and Tricia Lovegrove in the women's 3x5 km relay B1-3 event.

Canada at the 1988 Winter Paralympics
Canada competed at the 1988 Winter Paralympics in Innsbruck, Austria from January 17 to 25, 1988. Canada entered 20 athletes in two of the four disciplines at the Games; twelve in Alpine skiing and eight in Nordic skiing (cross-country skiing).
NGC 2559
NGC 2559 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Puppis. The galaxy lies about 60 million light years away from Earth based on redshift independent methods, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 2559 is approximately 90,000 light years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on February 5, 1837.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Hilbert's theorem (differential geometry)
In differential geometry, Hilbert's theorem (1901) states that there exists no complete regular surface  of constant negative gaussian curvature  immersed in . This theorem answers the question for the negative case of which surfaces in  can be obtained by isometrically immersing complete manifolds with constant curvature.

Constant curvature
In mathematics, constant curvature is a concept from differential geometry. Here, curvature refers to the sectional curvature of a space (more precisely a differentiable manifold) and is a single number that determines its local geometry. The sectional curvature is said to be constant if it has the same value at every point and for every two-dimensional tangent plane at that point. For example, a sphere is a surface of constant positive curvature.
Sounds Like Zeus
Sounds Like Zeus is the debut EP by Canadian indie band Zeus.  It was released 2 June 2009 on the Arts & Crafts label.  The EP was recorded at Ill Eagle Studio and mixed at The Cracker Pit.

The EP includes a cover of the Genesis song "That's All".

In a positive review of the EP, critic Vish Khanna called the band "one of the sunniest additions to the Arts & Crafts roster", and wrote that "'Marching Through Your Head' is a strong contender for pop song of the year." Graham Kennedy of Chart magazine listed the EP among his top ten favourite albums of 2009.

Arts & Crafts Productions
Arts & Crafts Productions is a Canadian music-focused media and artist services company that offers services as an independent record label, management firm, merchandiser, and publisher worldwide. It has earned 21 Juno Awards. Arts & Crafts has been called one of Canada's most important record labels.
Mifune Dinosaur Museum
Mifune Dinosaur Museum (御船町恐竜博物館, Mifune-machi Kyōryū Hakubutsukan) opened in Mifune, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan in 1998. The museum collects, preserves, researches, and displays the dinosaur fossils found in the area; the collection, which includes Japan's first fossil from a meat-eating dinosaur, Mifunesaurus, numbers some 15,000 items.

Mifune, Kumamoto
Mifune (御船町, Mifune-machi) is a town located in Kamimashiki District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2024, the town had an estimated population of 17,254 in 7647 households, and a population density of 170 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 99.03 km2 (38.24 sq mi).
All the Rage (Kronos Quartet and Bob Ostertag album)
Bob Ostertag: All the Rage is an experimental album by the Kronos Quartet and Eric Gupton (reading). It is a composition by Bob Ostertag (with libretto by Sara Miles), whose loops and samples are alternated with music by the quartet. Ostertag composed the piece as a response to California governor Pete Wilson veto of pro-gay legislation in 1991. Proceeds went to AIDS research.

"All the Rage" includes sound that Ostertag recorded on location during the AB101 Veto Riot on Sept. 30, 1991, in San Francisco. The civil disturbance followed a protest against Wilson's veto of AB101, a bill that would have banned discrimination against lesbians and gay men in California.

A 2011 documentary short by filmmaker Steve Elkins recounts the history of the riot and of "All the Rage." In addition, Ostertag offered his memories of the riot and the background of the composition during a panel held at the GLBT History Museum in San Francisco marking the 20th anniversary of the riot.

AB101 Veto Riot
The AB101 Veto Riot was a demonstration that occurred on September 30, 1991, in San Francisco, California, that was organized originally as a peaceful protest; the gathering was initially proposed by activists Gerard Koskovich and Bob Smith, who were joined by other community organizers just before the event. The riot started as a response to Pete Wilson, the governor of California at the time, vetoing Assembly Bill 101. The bill would have prohibited private employers from discriminating against employees because of their sexual orientation. A year after the protest, in 1992, the bill was passed by state legislature and signed by Pete Wilson.
Five Below
Five Below, Inc. is an American chain of specialty discount gift shops that prices most of its products at up to $5, plus a smaller assortment of products priced up to $40. Founded in 2002 by Tom Vellios and David Schlessinger and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the chain is aimed at tweens and teens. By 2014, there were more than 1,850 stores located across the United States.

Gift shop
A gift shop or souvenir shop is a store primarily selling souvenirs, memorabilia, and other items relating to a particular topic or theme. The items sold often include coffee mugs, stuffed animals, toys, t-shirts, postcards, handmade collections and other souvenirs, intended to be kept by the buyer as a memento of their visit, or given to another as a gift.

Gift shops are normally found in areas visited by many tourists. Hotels and motels often feature a gift shop near their entrance. Venues such as zoos, aquariums, national parks, theme parks, and museums have their own gift shops as well; in some cases, these shops sell items of higher value than gift shops not associated with a venue, as well as trinkets. These stores are sometimes a source of financial support for educational institutions.
Bentley Station Meadow
Bentley Station Meadow is a 5.2-hectare (13-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Bentley in Hampshire.

This area of unimproved herb-rich grassland is dominated by cock's-foot, Yorkshire fog and tufted hairgrass. There is a very rich invertebrate fauna, especially hoverflies and butterflies. Hoverflies include the uncommon  Sphaerophoria taeniata and Xanthogramma citrofasiatum, while there are 22 species of breeding butterflies.

A public footpath to Bentley railway station goes through the meadow.

Part of the land area designated as Bentley Station Meadow is owned by the Forestry Commission.

Deschampsia cespitosa
Deschampsia cespitosa, commonly known as tufted hairgrass or tussock grass, is a perennial tufted plant in the grass family Poaceae. The distribution of this species is widespread, with it being native to North America, Central Africa, eastern Australia, New Zealand, and Eurasia and being introduced to South Africa, South Australia and South America.
Funky Dory (song)
"Funky Dory" is a song by English singer-songwriter Rachel Stevens, released as the second single from Stevens's debut solo album of the same name. It was produced by David Eriksen for Murlyn Music. It was written by Martin Brammer (Kane Gang) and Gary Clark (Danny Wilson). Due to the song being built around a sample of the David Bowie song "Andy Warhol", he is credited as a writer on "Funky Dory". The song received mixed reviews from music critics.

Murlyn Music Group
Murlyn Music Group AB or just Murlyn Music (MMG) is Stockholm-based international music production company founded in 1997 by Anders Bagge. The company includes a great number of successful songwriters, producers and musicians and has produced and written material for tens of international artists.

The company has many studios in various locations (known as Murlyn Studios), a publishing division Murlyn Songs (initially headed by Pelle Lidell).
Colman Pearce
Colman Pearce (born 22 September 1938) is an Irish pianist and conductor.

Born in Dublin, Pearce was educated at University College Dublin and studied conducting in Hilversum and Vienna. He became a conductor for the RTÉ Concert Orchestra in the late 1960s as well as being musical director for the 1971 Eurovision Song Contest and then conducting the 1972, 1973, 1974 and 1975 Irish entries.

He became a principal conductor for the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra in 1981 until retiring in 1983. He was principal guest conductor of the Bilbao Symphony Orchestra from 1984 to 1987. From 1987 to 1999 he was principal conductor and music director of the Mississippi Symphony Orchestra and, in his final year, was the recipient of the Governor's Award for Excellence in the Arts in the State of Mississippi. He was also made a Freeman of the City of New Orleans. Colman is also principal guest conductor of the Dublin Philharmonic Orchestra.

Bilbao Orkestra Sinfonikoa
Bilbao Orkestra Sinfonikoa (BOS; Spanish: Orquesta Sinfónica de Bilbao, unofficial English translation: Bilbao Symphony Orchestra) is a symphony orchestra based in Bilbao, Basque Country.

Its current principal conductor is Erik Nielsen from 2015.
Mollie Panter-Downes
Mary Patricia "Mollie" Panter-Downes (25 August 1906 – 22 January 1997) was a British novelist and columnist for The New Yorker. Aged sixteen, she wrote The Shoreless Sea which became a bestseller and was serialised in The Daily Mirror. Her second novel The Chase was published in 1925.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Manila's 5th congressional district
Manila's 5th congressional district is one of the six congressional districts of the Philippines in the city of Manila. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district consists of barangays 649 to 828 in the south Manila districts of Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Port Area, San Andres and south Paco. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by William Irwin C. Tieng of Asenso Manileño and Lakas–CMD.

This district also includes the Manila City Hall and Manila South Cemetery, an exclave of Manila surrounded by Makati, within its borders.

San Andres, Manila
San Andres (also San Andres Bukid) is a district of Manila, Philippines. San Andres shares the Estero Tripa de Gallina as its western and northern border with the districts of Malate and Paco, respectively and Pedro Gil and Tejeron streets to the east with the district of Santa Ana. It borders the city of Makati in the south. The area is under the jurisdiction of the 5th Congressional District of Manila, and includes the Sagrada Familia Parish, a stretch of the Manila Bay including The Aristocrat, and the Manila South Cemetery, an exclave of the city surrounded by land somewhat administered by Makati.
Žanna Juškāne
Žanna Juškāne (born 5 October 1989 in Rēzekne) is a Latvian biathlete.

Juškāne competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics for Latvia.  Her best finish was 19th, as part of the Latvian relay team. Her best individual showing was 79th, in the sprint. She also placed 84th in the individual.

As of February 2013, her best performance at the Biathlon World Championships is 18th, as part of the 2011 Latvian mixed relay team. Her best individual performance is 72nd, in the 2012 sprint.

As of February 2013, Juškāne's best performance in the Biathlon World Cup is 10th, as part of the women's relay team at Oberhof in 2007/08. Her best individual result is 56th, in an individual race at Östersund in 2012/13.

2007–08 Biathlon World Cup
The 2007–08 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started 28 November 2007 and ended 16 March 2008.

This article contains the top ten result listings and concise summary comments for each of the season's twenty-seven individual races and five relays for both genders, arranged by World Cup meet 1 through 9 (denoted WC 1–9), accompanied by the top ten Total Cup rankings after each of the meets plus the 2008 World Championships (held between WC 6 and 7, and in the usual way counted as a World Cup meet towards the accumulated scores).

For a list of the Total and Relay World Cup winners and runners-up of all World Cup seasons since 1977–78, see the Biathlon World Cup article.
Nehrungisch
Nehrungisch (Standard High German: Nehrungisch, Mundart der Danziger Nehrung or Mundart der Frischen Nehrung) is a subdialect of Low Prussian, belonging to the Low German language variety. It was spoken in East Prussia and West Prussia, in the region around the Vistula Spit (Frische Nehrung) near Danzig. The easternmost locality where this variety was spoken was Narmeln, and it was spoken from Narmeln to Krakau (Krakowiec).
Its Eastern border was to Mundart der Elbinger Höhe,a Low Prussian variety. The dialect survives in Chortitza-
Plautdietsch, a dialect of Plautdietsch brought to Ukraine by migrants from the Vistula region.
The distinguishing Chortitza features were present in the Northeast of the Vistula delta.

Nehrungisch shares features with Eastern Low Prussian.

Grunthal, Manitoba
Grunthal (German: Grünthal, 'Green Valley') is a local urban district in the Rural Municipality of Hanover, Manitoba, located 24 kilometres southwest of Steinbach, and about 50 minutes south of Winnipeg. It had a population of 1,680 in 2016.

Tourist attractions include Grunthal's Annual Fairdays held on the third weekend in August; it features a parade and a rodeo, among other activities. Schools include the K to Grade 4 South Oaks School and the Grades 5 to 12 Green Valley School, all part of the Hanover School Division. Grunthal includes a variety of Mennonite churches, and businesses. Its economy is primarily agrarian-based. Grunthal is also host to one of the best motocross tracks in Manitoba, in past years the track hosted numerous Canadian Motocross National events with the country's top riders coming to race. Grunthal is home to the Grunthal Red Wings, hockey teams ranging from squirts to senior.
Chiarini
Chiarini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniele Chiarini (born 1979), Italian footballer

Duccio Chiarini (born 1977), Italian film director

Gianfranco Chiarini (born 1966), Italian chef and television personality

Giuseppe Chiarini (1823 – 1897), Italian-born equestrian and circus director

Julio Chiarini (born 1982), Argentine retired football goalkeeper.

Luigi Chiarini (1789 – 1832), Italian abbot, orientalist and translator

Luigi Chiarini (1900 – 1975), Italian film theorist, essayist, screenwriter and film director

Marcantonio Chiarini (c. 1652 – 1730), Italian painter

Mario Chiarini (born 1981), Italian baseball player

Pietro Chiarini (c. 1717 – 1765), Italian composer

Riccardo Chiarini (born 1984), Italian cyclist

Vittorio Chiarini (born 1937), Italian retired racing cyclist

Pietro Chiarini
Pietro Chiarini (circa 1717; Brescia – 1765; Cremona) was an Italian composer.

From 1738 to 1744, he was in Venice where four of his operas and an oratorio were performed. Later he went to Cremona, where in 1754 he wrote and presented the intermezzo La donna dottor. He was later appointed maestro di cappella at the court of Cremona in 1756. It is speculated that Giovanni Battista Pergolesi's opera Il geloso schernito may in fact have been composed by Chiarini and not Pergolesi.
Majoritarianism
Majoritarianism is a political philosophy or ideology with an agenda asserting that a majority, whether based on a religion, language, social class, or other category of the population, is entitled to a certain degree of primacy in society, and has the right to make decisions that affect the society. This traditional view has come under growing criticism, and liberal democracies have increasingly included constraints on what the parliamentary majority can do, in order to protect citizens' fundamental rights.

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.