hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Foner
Henry Joseph Foner (March 23, 1919 – January 11, 2017) was a 20th-century Jewish-American social activist and president for more than two decades of the Joint Board, Fur, Leather and Machine Workers Union (FLM).

He and his three older brothers started careers in teaching (the older three were all rising young professors in college). In the 1940s all were banned from teaching in New York because of earlier affiliations with communist organizations. Foner became a union activist and leader, serving as FLM president from 1961 to 1988.

Medal of Military Valor
The Medal of Military Valor (Italian language: Medaglia al valor militare) is an Italian medal, originally established as a Sardinian award. It is awarded to military personnel, units above the level of company, and civilians for exceptional valor in the face of the enemy.

The medal has three levels:

The Gold Medal of Military Valor, established on 21 May 1793 by King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia.

The Silver Medal of Military Valor, established on 21 May 1793 by King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia.

The Bronze Medal of Military Valor, established in 1887 by King Umberto I of Italy.

Below the medal, the War Cross of Military Valor is awarded, established in 1922 by King Victor Emmanuel III.
Sergio Rubin
Sergio Rubin is an Argentine journalist and writer. He is the authorized biographer of Pope Francis, and wrote his only biography available at the time of his election, in March 2013.

He currently works at Argentine newspaper Clarín as a columnist covering news related to the Catholic Church and Pope Francis.

Clarín (Argentine newspaper)
Clarín (Spanish pronunciation: [klaˈɾin], lit. 'Bugle') is the largest newspaper in Argentina and the second most circulated in the Spanish-speaking world. It was founded by Roberto Noble in 1945, published by the Clarín Group.

For many years, its director was Ernestina Herrera de Noble, the founder's wife.

Clarín is part of Periódicos Asociados Latinoamericanos (Latin American Newspaper Association), an organization of fourteen leading newspapers in South America.
Sanjula Naik
Sanjula Sudhakar Naik (born 6 October 1996) is a Goan cricketer. She plays for Goa and made her debut in major domestic cricket on 6 December 2014 in a one-day match against Rajasthan. She has played 16 List A and 19 Women's Twenty20 matches.

Rajasthan women's cricket team
The Rajasthan women's cricket team represents the Indian state of Rajasthan in Indian domestic cricket. The team has represented the state in Women's Senior One Day Trophy (List A) and  Women's Senior T20 Trophy since the 2006–07 and 2008–09 seasons, respectively, but has never reached the final of either trophy.
Judah Katz
Judah Katz (born 23 June 1960) is a Canadian actor born in Montreal, Quebec. He has worked in Toronto and Los Angeles for more than 40 years, appearing in both TV series and films.

Winning a national "ACTRA Award" (now called a Canadian Screen Award) for his very first foray in front of a camera in 1983 as "best new actor in Canadian Television", he also received a Gemini Award (now called a Canadian Screen Award)  for "best supporting actor" for his role as Alan Eagleson in the CBC mini-series Canada Russia '72.

Katz studied acting for two years at Vanier College and a further three years at the Dome Professional Theatre School. He has also studied at the Banff School of Fine Arts and with the "voice doctor" Robert Easton of Los Angeles. Method acting from 1992-1995 in the Master class and then privately with late renowned film and television acting coach and teacher David Rotenberg.

Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity
Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity (formerly Banff Centre) is an arts and culture educational institution in Banff, Alberta.

It offers arts programs in the performing and fine arts, as well as leadership training. It was established in 1933 as the Banff School of Drama. It was granted full autonomy as a non-degree granting post-secondary educational institution in 1978. Banff Centre is a member of the Alberta Rural Development Network.

On June 23, 2016, Banff Centre announced a new name: Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity.
Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque
The Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque (Bosnian: Gazi Husrev-begova džamija; Turkish: Gazi Hüsrev Bey Camii) is a Sunni mosque in the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Built in the 16th century, it is the largest historical mosque in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the most representative Ottoman structures in the Balkans.

Having been Sarajevo's central mosque since the days of its construction, it also serves as the main congregational mosque of the Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Baščaršija neighborhood in the Stari Grad municipality and, being one of the main architectural monuments in the town, is regularly visited by tourists.

The mosque was named in honour of Gazi Husrev-beg, who founded the mosque and is interned in the adjacent mausoleum.

Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Islamska zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine, IZ BiH) is a religious organisation of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also recognised as the highest representative body of Muslims in the region, especially in Serbia (Sandžak), Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Hungary and Bosniak diaspora.

It was established in Sarajevo in 1882 by Austria-Hungary, to have a controlled Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Ottoman Empire lost control over Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878. The headquarter of the community is in Sarajevo and the current leader, titled Grand Mufti, is Husein Kavazović.
2025 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup
The 2025 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup was the 17th edition of the FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup, the biennial international men's youth basketball championship contested by the U19 national teams of the member associations of FIBA. The tournament was held in Lausanne, Switzerland, from 28 June to 6 July 2025. This marked the first time that Switzerland hosted a FIBA global tournament.

The United States won their ninth title, after defeating Germany 109–76 in the final.

United States men's national under-19 basketball team
The United States men's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is a national basketball team of the United States, administered by USA Basketball. It represents the country in international under-18 and under-19 basketball competitions.
Trio-Twister
Trio-Twister was a German aircraft manufacturer based in Eichwalde and founded by Siegfried Stolle. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of powered parachutes in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles and the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight categories.

The company was founded in 2003 and went out of business in 2005.

Trio-Twister produced two powered parachute designs, the single-seat Trio-Twister 103 and two-seat Trio-Twister 203. Both incorporated a central canopy attachment and tilting seats, which allowed the pilot to see up and behind to ensure that the canopy inflated correctly.

Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
The World Air Sports Federation (French: Fédération aéronautique internationale; FAI) is the world governing body for air sports, and also stewards definitions regarding human spaceflight.  It was founded on 14 October 1905, and is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It maintains world records for aeronautical activities, including ballooning, aeromodeling, and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), as well as flights into space.
Seqocrypta hamlynharrisi
Seqocrypta hamlynharrisi is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Barychelidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1994 by Australian arachnologists Robert Raven and Tracey Churchill. The specific epithet hamlynharrisi honours Ronald Hamlyn-Harris (1874–1953), a director of the Queensland Museum who modernised the data storage and retrieval system of the research collections.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
Robert Smith (Ontario politician)
Robert Smith (April 11, 1819 – September 19, 1900) was a Canadian politician and farmer.

Born in County Armagh, Ireland, Smith immigrated to British North America with his family in 1828 and settled in the Home District of Canada West, which was to become the County of Peel in Ontario, where he became a farmer. In 1847, he married Eliza Jane McCandless. Smith served on the councils for Chinguacousy Township and Peel County. He was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1867. Smith was narrowly elected to the 2nd Canadian Parliament in the 1872 federal election defeating the Conservative incumbent, John Hillyard Cameron, by 16 votes. He sat as a Liberal representing the riding of Peel and was re-elected in the 1874 election that brought the Liberal Party to power but defeated in the 1878 election that returned a Conservative government. Smith died in Brampton at the age of 81.

Peel (federal electoral district)
Peel was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1968. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867.

It consisted of the Townships of Chinguacousy, Toronto, and the Gore of Toronto, and the Villages of Brampton and Streetsville.

In 1903, it was redefined to consist of the county of Peel to include townships of Caledon and Albion.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Peel South and Peel—Dufferin ridings.
Melinda Webber
Melinda Webber is a New Zealand academic, and is a full professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in Māori identity and ways in which race, ethnicity, identity and culture impact on young people and their success. She is of Ngāti Hau, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāpuhi and Ngāti Whakaue descent.

Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (also known as Ngāpuhi-Nui-Tonu or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 184,470. This compares to 125,601 in 2001, 102,981 in 2006, 122,214  in 2013. and 165,201 in 2018. It is formed from 150 hapū or subtribes, with 55 marae.

Despite such diversity, the people of Ngāpuhi maintain their shared history and self-identity. Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, based in Kaikohe, administers the iwi. The Rūnanga acts on behalf of the iwi in consultations with the New Zealand government. It also ensures the equitable distribution of benefits from the 1992 fisheries settlement with the government, and undertakes resource management and education initiatives.
Thambatty
Thambatty is a village which is 11 km from Ooty in Tamil Nadu, India. It is surrounded by mountains and tea estates. Tea gardens with good crops, strawberry fields and vegetable cultivated lands are present in this village. It is scenic and has hosted movie shootings.

The heart of the village is surrounded by temples. Every year people celebrate Mari habba, which is a wonderful springtime fest in Thambatty. Loving hearts of Thambatty, who were scattered throughout India and the world for education and work, return to celebrate this festival. After worship and blessings from God, this habba continues with badaga songs, masti badaga dance, badaga play, tasty food and drinks, and socialising. Home-made foods like "Thupadittu" (made of maida and ghee), "Rava laddoo", mixture, vada, paiyasam, etc., are special for this festival.

Ooty
Ooty (Tamil: [uːʈ(ː)i] ⓘ; officially Udagamandalam (Tamil: [uðɐhɐmɐɳɖɐlɐm]), anglicized: Ootacamund listenⓘ, abbreviated as Udagai, Tamil: [uðɐhɐi]) is a town and municipality in the Nilgiris district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 86 km (53 mi) northwest of Coimbatore, and is the headquarters of Nilgiris district. Situated in the Nilgiri hills, it is known by the epithet "King of all the Hill Stations", and is a popular tourist destination.

Originally occupied by the Toda people, the area came under the rule of the East India Company in the 18th century. It later served as the summer capital of Madras Presidency. The economy is based on the hospitality industry serving tourism and agriculture. The town is connected to the plains by the Nilgiri ghat roads and Nilgiri Mountain Railway.
Santa Fe Trail – Grand Pass Trail Segments
Santa Fe Trail – Grand Pass Trail Segments are three historic Santa Fe Trail segments located at Grand Pass, Saline County, Missouri. The three trail rut segments are located within Maple Hill Cemetery and near Grand Pass Methodist Church.  They date to 1821–1827.: 5

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Saline County, Missouri
Saline County is a county located along the Missouri River in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,333. Its county seat is Marshall. The county was established November 25, 1820, and named for the region's salt springs.

Settled primarily by migrants from the Upper South during the nineteenth century, this county was in the region bordering the Missouri River known as "Little Dixie". In the antebellum years, it had many plantations operated with the forced labor of enslaved workers. One-third of the county population was African American at the start of the American Civil War, but their proportion of the residents has declined dramatically to little more than five percent.

Saline County comprises the Marshall, Missouri Micropolitan Statistical Area.
CHILESCOPE
CHILESCOPE is a remote observatory located in the Chilean Andes at an elevation of 1,560 meters (5,118 feet). It is located in the southern part of the Atacama Desert, some 12.5 miles (20 kilometers) southeast of Cerro Pachon (home to the Gemini South Observatory). The mountain upon which the domes are located is actually owned and shared by two observatories: Chilescope and Obstech. The staff of both observatories work closely together.

Chilescope was founded by partners Ivan Rubtzov and Sergey Pogrebissky, with the support of astronomer Yuri Beletsky of the Carnegie Institution for Science.

The nearest city with an airport is La Serena and the observatory can be reached in 2.5 hours by car.
The nearest major locality is Ovalle.

Carnegie Institution for Science
Carnegie Science, also known as the Carnegie Institution of Washington and formerly Carnegie Institution for Science, is a nonprofit organization established in 1902 to fund and perform scientific research in the United States. The institution is headquartered in Washington, D.C. In 2018, expenses for scientific programs and administration totaled $96.6 million. As of June 30, 2020, the institution's endowment was valued at $926.9 million. The current president is American astronomer and astrophysicist John Mulchaey, whose official term began in November 2024.
Mikhail Kolganov (runner)
Mihail Kolganov (born 9 May 1980) is a Kazakhstani former middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 and 1500 metres.

In the 800 metres he won the gold medal at the 2002 Asian Championships and finished seventh at the 2002 World Cup. He also competed at the 2004 Olympic Games, but did not progress past the first heat. His personal best time is 1:46.99 minutes, achieved in June 2004 in Almaty.

In the 1500 metres he finished twelfth at the 2003 Universiade, tenth at the 2005 Universiade and fifth at the 2005 Asian Championships. His personal best time is 3:45.65 minutes, achieved in June 2006 in Tula.

He also finished seventh in the 4x400 metres relay at the 2005 Summer Universiade.

Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program was held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 25 to 28. Seventy-two athletes from 58 nations competed. The event was won by 0.16 seconds by Yuriy Borzakovskiy of Russia, the first medal for the nation in the event. Wilson Kipketer of Denmark became the 10th man to win a second medal in the 800 metres.
Chris Shiflett & the Dead Peasants
Chris Shiflett & the Dead Peasants is the self-titled debut album from Chris Shiflett, lead guitarist of Foo Fighters. The Dead Peasants are his second side project, following Jackson United, and the backing band is composed of different musicians than that of Jackson United.

The album is a departure from his rock/punk background, and is influenced by country, rockabilly, and Americana.

All songs feature Shiflett as lead vocalist and guitarist. All songs are also written by him, with the exception of "Burning Lights", a cover of a song performed by Joe Strummer in a cameo in the 1990 film, I Hired a Contract Killer.

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.
Pickled pepper
A pickled pepper is a Capsicum pepper preserved by pickling, which usually involves submersion in a brine of vinegar and salted water with herbs and spices, often including peppercorns, coriander, dill, and bay leaf.

Common pickled peppers are the banana pepper, the friggitelli, the Cubanelle, the bell pepper, sweet and hot cherry peppers, the Hungarian wax pepper, the Greek pepper, the serrano pepper, and the jalapeño. They are often found in supermarkets alongside pickled cucumbers.

Pickled sliced jalapeños are also used frequently for topping nachos and other Mexican dishes.  These peppers are a common ingredient used by sandwich shops such as Quiznos, Subway, and Wawa. Pickled peppers are found throughout the world, such as the Italian peperoncini sott'aceto and Indonesia's pickled bird's eye chili, besides the already-mentioned American and Latin American usages.

The flavored brine of hot yellow peppers is commonly used as a condiment in Southern cooking in the United States.

Pimiento
A pimiento or pimento or cherry pepper is a variety of large, red, heart-shaped chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) that measures 7–10 centimetres (3–4 inches) long and 2–3 centimetres (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 inches) wide (medium, elongate).
Newton Aycliffe Leisure Centre
Newton Aycliffe Leisure Centre is a multi-sport venue and leisure facility, located in Newton Aycliffe, County Durham. The centre was opened in 1974 and has facilities for swimming, exercise, an indoor climbing wall, and a main sports hall for sports such as basketball, badminton and indoor football.

The main hall is used as the home venue for British Basketball League team Durham Wildcats, who have been using the venue consistently since 2007 having previously been based in Spennymoor. The venue has a maximum capacity for 1,200 people, with bleacher-style seating on three sides of the court.

Spennymoor
Spennymoor is a town and civil parish in County Durham, England. It is south of the River Wear and is 7 mi (11 km) south of Durham. The civil parish includes the villages of Kirk Merrington, Middlestone Moor, Byers Green and Tudhoe. In 2011 the parish had a population of 19,816.
ATM-6 and ATM-7 mines
The ATM-6 and ATM-7 are Austrian off-route anti-tank mines that use Misznay Schardin effect warheads to fire self forging fragments into the sides of armoured vehicles. Both mines are mounted on a pedestal base which is used to aim the mine, and have simple sights to aim the mines. The mines originally could be triggered by a variety of means, including contact wire and infra-red fuses, however as a result of Austrian laws, they now only use command detonation.

The ATM-7 is a slightly larger and more powerful mine, capable of projecting a fragment that can penetrate 70 mm of armour at 80 m range, producing a hole approximately 120 mm in diameter.

ORDATA
ORDATA is a United States government database of landmines and other unexploded ordnance, developed to assist humanitarian demining work. The original version of ORDATA released in 1997 was CD-ROM based, and incorporated material from the earlier Minefacts program. ORDATA 2.0 was distributed on a CD-ROM and on the Internet.  The database is hosted on the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery website, a part of James Madison University.  In 2014-15 the interface underwent a revision and the data partially updated. The new site is known as the Collaborative ORDnance Data Repository (CORD) and is available online. An offline version is in development.
Method cascading
In object-oriented programming, method cascading is syntax which allows multiple methods to be called on the same object. This is particularly applied in fluent interfaces.

For example, in Dart, the cascade:

is equivalent to the individual calls:

Method cascading is much less common than method chaining – it is found only in a handful of object-oriented languages, while chaining is very common. A form of cascading can be implemented using chaining, but this restricts the interface; see comparison with method chaining, below.

Syntax (programming languages)
The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i.e. a programming language) defines the syntax that is valid for that language. A syntax error occurs when syntactically invalid source code is processed by a tool such as a compiler or interpreter.

The most commonly used languages are text-based with syntax based on strings. Alternatively, the syntax of a visual programming language is based on relationships between graphical elements.

When designing syntax, a designer of any language might start by writing down examples of both legal and illegal strings, before trying to figure out the general rules from those examples in use. Such that its general structure of syntax can be determined through its form of composition, so to yield semantically valid ranges everytime for each possible alteration. Or else, it returns errors, and warnings, for each invalid input.
The Rainmaker (TV series)
The Rainmaker is an American legal drama television series. Based on John Grisham's 1995 novel of the same name and starring John Slattery, it premiered on USA Network on August 15, 2025. In October 2025, the series was renewed for a second season.

Madison Iseman
Madison Elizabeth Iseman (born February 14, 1997) is an American actress. She is known for starring in the CMT comedy television series Still the King (2016–2017). She is also known for appearing in the psychological thriller film Fear of Rain (2021), the fantasy adventure comedy films Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) and Jumanji: The Next Level (2019), the comedy horror film Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween (2018), the supernatural horror film Annabelle Comes Home (2019) and the Amazon Prime Video horror television series I Know What You Did Last Summer (2021).