hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pisuerga
The Pisuerga is a river in northern Spain, the Duero's second largest tributary. It rises in the Cantabrian Mountains in the province of Palencia, autonomous region of Castile and León.
Its traditional source is called Fuente Cobre, but it has been discovered that the real source is a glacier higher in the mountains.  The river flows south into the Douro river shortly after passing through the city of Valladolid. Its length is approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi).

Since the 1950s the water level of the river has been very regular throughout the year due to the huge Aguilar de Campoo dam which collects all the water from the river's rainy upper valleys. This regulation has allowed the creation of vast extensions of irrigated farmland along the Pisuerga's course across the northern Castilian plain.

Province of Palencia
Palencia is a province of northern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. It is bordered by the provinces of León, Cantabria, Burgos, and Valladolid.
Point Lookout (New South Wales)
Point Lookout, a mountain on the Snowy Range, a spur of the Great Dividing Range, is located in the New England National Park on the eastern edge of the Northern Tablelands in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.

With an altitude of 1,564 metres (5,131 ft) above sea level, Point Lookout is the second highest peak in the region. During cold spells the mountain may receive a light dusting of snow.

Australian Height Datum
The Australian Height Datum was introduced in 1971 as the official vertical datum for Australia, and thereby serves as the benchmark to which all height measurements are referred. The Australian Height Datum is an amalgamation of decades of spirit levelling work conducted by numerous state and territory authorities across the country, and was corrected to align with the mean sea level observations of thirty tide gauges positioned around the entire coastline. While it remains the published vertical datum for all surveying and engineering operations performed throughout Australia, newer technologies have uncovered numerous deficiencies, offsets and distortions within the Australian Height Datum, leading to discussions about defining a new Australian vertical datum.
Samuel S. Freedman
Samuel Sumner Freedman (July 5, 1927 – November 4, 2012) was an American jurist and legislator.

Freedman was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He served in the United States Navy from 1945 to 1951.  Freedman graduated from George Washington University in 1948 and Yale Law School in 1954. Freedman was admitted to the Connecticut bar and practiced law in Bridgeport, Connecticut with his father. Freedman served in the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1973 and was a Republican. He then served as a judge on the Connecticut Superior Court from 1978 to 1997. Freedman died at St. Vincent's Medical Center in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Freedman represented Easton, Weston and Westport in the state legislature in 1973 and 1974 where he chaired a subcommittee that authored legislation creating a public defender system in Connecticut.

Public defender
A public defender is a lawyer appointed to represent people who otherwise cannot reasonably afford to hire a lawyer to defend themselves in a trial. Several countries provide people with public defenders, including the UK, Belgium, Hungary and Singapore, and some states of Australia. Brazil is the only country in which an office of government-paid lawyers with the specific purpose of providing full legal assistance and representation to the needy free of charge is established in the constitution. The Sixth Amendment to the US Constitution, as interpreted by the Supreme Court, requires the US government to provide legal counsel to indigent defendants in criminal cases. Public defenders in the United States are lawyers employed by or under contract with county, state or federal governments.
2017 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Women's doubles
Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja were the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.

Darija Jurak and Anastasia Rodionova won the title, defeating Verónica Cepede Royg and Mariana Duque Mariño in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

Darija Jurak Schreiber
Darija Jurak Schreiber (née Jurak; Croatian pronunciation: [dâːrija jûraːk]; born 5 April 1984) is a Croatian tennis player. Her career-high doubles ranking is world No. 9, achieved on 15 November 2021. Her best WTA ranking in singles is 188 which she reached in April 2004. She qualified with Andreja Klepač for the 2021 WTA Finals after 20 years on the professional tour.
Krupaj spring
The Krupaj spring (Serbian Cyrillic: Крупајско врело, romanized: Krupajsko vrelo) is a water spring in Eastern Serbia and Pomoravlje district below the western limestone massif of Beljanica, on the right side of the river Krupaj, at the altitude of 220 metres (720 ft). It is close to the village Milanovac, 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Žagubica.

Žagubica
Žagubica (Serbian Cyrillic: Жагубица, pronounced [ʒǎɡubitsa]; Romanian: Jagubița or Jăgobița) is a village and municipality located in the Braničevo District of the eastern Serbia. It is situated in the geographical region of Homolje. The population of the village is 2,110 while population of the municipality is 9,712(2022).
Sonterra, Texas
Sonterra is a planned community and census-designated place (CDP) in Williamson County, Texas, United States. the population was 7,679 at the 2020 census. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

It is in the northern part of the county, bordered to the north by the city of Jarrell. Interstate 35 forms part of the western border of the community, with access from Exit 275 (Sonterra Boulevard). I-35 leads north 27 miles (43 km) to Temple and south 40 miles (64 km) to   Austin, the state capital.

Temple, Texas
Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States.  As of 2020, the city has a population of 82,073 according to the U.S. census.  Temple lies in the region referred to as Central Texas and is a principal city in the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood metropolitan area, which as of the 2020 Census had a population of 475,367. Located off Interstate 35, Temple is 65 miles (105 km) north of Austin, 34 miles (55 km) south of Waco and 27 miles east of Killeen.
Pourquoi Pas Point
Pourquoi Pas (66°12′S 136°11′E﻿ / ﻿66.200°S 136.183°E﻿ / -66.200; 136.183) is an ice-covered point which forms the west side of the entrance to Victor Bay in East Antarctica. It was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1950–1952, and named in 1954 after the French polar ship Pourquoi-Pas.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Pourquoi Pas Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

East Antarctica
80°S 80°E﻿ / ﻿80°S 80°E﻿ / -80; 80

East Antarctica, also called Greater Antarctica, constitutes the majority (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent, lying primarily in the Eastern Hemisphere south of the Indian Ocean, and separated from West Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains. It is generally greater in elevation than West Antarctica, and includes the Gamburtsev Mountain Range in the center. The geographic South Pole is located within East Antarctica.

Apart from small areas of the coast, East Antarctica is permanently covered by ice and it has relatively low biodiversity, with only a small number of species of terrestrial plants, animals, algae, and lichens. The coasts are the breeding ground for various seabirds and penguins, and the leopard seal, Weddell seal, elephant seal, crabeater seal and Ross seal breed on the surrounding pack ice in summer.
Rodopoli, Serres
Rodopoli (Greek: Ροδόπολη, old name: Σταθμός Ποροΐων) is a village in the regional unit of Serres, Central Macedonia region of Greece. It is situated in the municipal unit of Kerkini, in the Sintiki municipality.

Rodopoli was recognized as a Community on 2 August 1926, by a relevant Decree published in the Government Gazette (Greece), which separated the settlement from the then existing settlement of the Poroy Railway Station. The station opened in 1900, known before 1927 as Poroia (Greek: Πορόια). The settlement had been annexed by Greece on 18 October 1912 during the First Balkan War.

Serres (regional unit)
Serres (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Σερρών) is one of the regional units of Greece, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is part of the Region of Central Macedonia. Its capital is the city of Serres. The total population reaches just over 150,000.
Stuart Beattie
Stuart Beattie (born 4 August 1971) is an Australian filmmaker. His screenplay for Collateral (2004) earned him nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay, Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay and Saturn Award for Best Writing.

Beattie was born in Melbourne and raised in Sydney. He attended Knox Grammar School in Sydney, where his mother, Sandra, was a languages teacher; and later Charles Sturt University in Bathurst.

Bathurst, New South Wales
Bathurst (/ˈbæθɜːrst/ BATH-erst, locally /ˈbæθəst/ BATH-əst) is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Bathurst is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Founded in 1815, Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 44,621 in 2023.

Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country, as the area was the site of Australia's first discovery of payable gold in 1851, and where Australia's first gold rush occurred. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama, also known as Wahluu, is a landmark of the city which brings in a lot of tourism, especially during the week of the Bathurst 1000. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century.
Ballam (surname)
Ballam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Ballam (1901–1981), Canadian union leader and politician

John J. Ballam (1882–1954), American Marxist activist and trade union organizer

Michael Ballam (born 1952), American opera singer

John J. Ballam
John J. Ballam (June 9, 1882 – September 26, 1954) was an English-born American Marxist political activist and trade union organizer. He is best remembered as a founding member and  one of the pioneer leaders of the Communist Party of America and as a leader of the Trade Union Unity League in the textile industry during the 1930s.
Tourism in Western Odisha
Odisha (formerly Orissa), is an eastern Indian state on the Bay of Bengal. It is known for its tribal cultures and its many ancient Hindu temples. During the ancient times, many small kingdoms existed now known as Western Odisha, which was ruled by local chieftains.Western Odisha, or the western part of Odisha, India, extends from the Bolangir district in the south to the Sundargarh district in the north.

Sundergarh district
Sundergarh district, also known as Sundargarh district, is a district in the northwestern part of Odisha state in eastern India.

Sundargarh district is bounded by Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh in the west, Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh in the North-West, Simdega district of Jharkhand in the North, West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and Keonjhar district of Odisha in the east and Jharsuguda, Sambalpur, Deogarh and Angul districts of Odisha in the South. The town of Sundargarh is the district headquarters. Rourkela is the largest city in the entire district.
NNK
Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is one of the key tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) derived from nicotine.  It plays an important role in carcinogenesis. The conversion of nicotine to NNK entails opening of the pyrrolidine ring.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of  serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis.

MAP kinases are found in eukaryotes only, but they are fairly diverse and encountered in all animals, fungi and plants, and even in an array of unicellular eukaryotes.

MAPKs belong to the CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase group. The closest relatives of MAPKs are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
Mike Pedicin
Mike Pedicin (born Michael L. Pedicine; October 24, 1917 – June 26, 2016) was an American saxophonist and jazz bandleader. He initially performed in the idiom of swing music, before switching to heavily influenced R&B-flavoured dance music,  becoming an early pioneer of rock and roll in a similar vein of Bill Haley.

Bill Haley
William John Clifton Haley (/ˈheɪli/; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was an American rock and roll musician. He is credited by many with first popularizing this form of music in the early 1950s with his group Bill Haley & His Comets and million-selling hits such as "Rock Around the Clock", "See You Later, Alligator", "Shake, Rattle and Roll", "Rocket 88", "Skinny Minnie", and "Razzle Dazzle". Haley has sold over 60 million records worldwide. In 1987, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Jacqueline Roberts
Jacqueline Roberts (born April 30, 1944) is a former state legislator from Arkansas. She served in the Arkansas House of Representatives between 1991 and 1998. She belonged to the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) church.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
Aavida Maa Aavide
Aavida Maa Aavide (English: She too is my wife) is a 1998 Telugu comedy drama film written and directed by E. V. V. Satyanarayana and produced by D. Kishore under the Jayabheri Art Productions banner. The film stars Nagarjuna, Tabu and Heera in the lead roles, with music composed by Sri.

It is inspired by the 1940 American film My Favorite Wife, which itself is based on Alfred, Lord Tennyson's 1864 poem Enoch Arden. The film had an average box office run despite a large opening. It was dubbed into Tamil as Police Killadi and Hindi as Biwi No.2.

Enoch Arden
Enoch Arden is a narrative poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, published in 1864 during his tenure as British poet laureate. The story on which it was based was allegedly provided to Tennyson by Thomas Woolner. The poem lends its name to a principle in law that after being missing for a certain number of years (typically seven) a person may be declared dead for purposes of remarriage and inheritance of their survivors.
Sapelo Island Range Front Light
The Sapelo Island Range Front Light (or Sapelo Island Range Beacon) is a lighthouse range light on Sapelo Island, Georgia, U.S.  It is near the Sapelo Island Light and is a contributor to its 1997 National Register of Historic Places nomination.

Leading lights
Leading lights, also known as range lights in the United States, are a pair of light beacons used in navigation to indicate a safe passage for vessels entering a shallow or dangerous channel; they may also be used for position fixing. At night, the lights are a form of leading line that can be used for safe navigation. The beacons consist of two lights that are separated in distance and elevation, so that when they are aligned, with one above the other, they provide a bearing. Range lights are often illuminated day and night.

In some cases the two beacons are unlighted, in which case they are known as a range in the United States or a transit in the UK. The beacons may be artificial or natural.
2024 United States Senate election in New York
The 2024 United States Senate election in New York was held on November 5, 2024, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of New York. Democratic incumbent Kirsten Gillibrand was re-elected to a third full term, defeating Republican businessman Mike Sapraicone. Primary elections took place on June 25, 2024.

Gillibrand's victory was significantly closer than her previous two, and followed Chuck Schumer's narrower victory in 2022. This was the state's second consecutive Senate election in which the Republican garnered over 40% of the vote.

Gillibrand received around 90,000 more votes than Kamala Harris, while Sapraicone received around 330,000 fewer votes than Donald Trump.

Mike Lawler
Michael Vincent Lawler (born September 9, 1986) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for New York's 17th congressional district since 2023. From 2021 to 2022, he was a Republican member of the New York State Assembly from the 97th district in Rockland County.
William John Butler
William John Butler (1818–1894) was an English churchman, Dean of Lincoln from 1885 until his death. He was previously Vicar of the Church of St Peter and St Paul, Wantage from 1847 to 1881, where he founded the Community of St Mary the Virgin.

Vicar (Anglicanism)
Vicar is a title given to certain parish priests in the Church of England and other Anglican churches. It has played a significant role in Anglican church organisation in ways that are different from other Christian denominations.

The title arises from the medieval arrangement where priests were appointed either by a secular lord, by a bishop or by a religious foundation. Historically, but no longer, vicars share a benefice with a rector (often non-resident) to whom the great tithes were paid. Vicar derives from the Latin vicarius meaning a substitute.

Historically, Anglican parish priests were divided into rectors, vicars and (rarely) perpetual curates. These were distinguished according to the way in which they were appointed and remunerated. The church was supported by tithes: taxes (traditionally of ten percent) levied on the personal and agricultural output of the parish.
SCORE! Educational Centers
SCORE! Educational Centers (commonly SCORE!) was a United States provider of customized supplementary education and one-on-three tutoring services for children in kindergarten through ninth grade. The company offered materials in multiple subjects, including reading, mathematics, language arts, and writing. It was owned by Kaplan, Inc., a subsidiary of Graham Holdings Company.  In 2009, all SCORE! centers were closed or converted to Kaplan centers.

At its height, SCORE! had over 165 centers in twelve states, including California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia, and also in the District of Columbia, and in Israel.

Ninth grade
Ninth grade (also 9th or Grade 9) is the ninth year of formal or compulsory education in some countries. It is generally part of high school or secondary school depending on the country. Students in ninth grade are usually 14–15 years old.
Changlang South Assembly constituency
Changlang South is one of the 60 Legislative assembly constituencies in Arunachal Pradesh. Changlang South is located in Changlang, the district's administrative headquarters. It is one of the five constituencies located in the Changlang district.

Changlang South is located 237 km west of the state capital Itanagar.

Itanagar
Itanagar (/iːˈtɑːnəɡər/pronunciationⓘ) is the capital and largest town of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The seat of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, the seat of government of Arunachal Pradesh, and the seat of Gauhati High Court permanent bench at Naharlagun are all in Itanagar. Being the hub of all the major economic bases, Itanagar, along with the adjacent town of Naharlagun, comprises the administrative region of the Itanagar Capital Complex Region. This stretches from the Itanagar Municipal limit at Chandranagar Town, extended until Nirjuli Town, and is a major junction of cultural, economic, fashion, education and recreational activities.
Trygonoptera
Trygonoptera is a genus of round rays endemic to the waters around Australia.  Müller and Henle defined Trygonoptera in 1841. It has often been considered synonymous with Urolophus, but this has been refuted by recent studies. Trygonoptera can be distinguished from Urolophus in that the outer rims of its nostrils are enlarged into broad, flattened lobes; the two also differ in aspects of the skeleton.

Skeleton
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.

Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton centered around an axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and their skeletons vary, including hard-shelled exoskeleton (arthropods and most molluscs), plated internal shells (e.g. cuttlebones in some cephalopods) or rods (e.g. ossicles in echinoderms), hydrostatically supported body cavities (most), and spicules (sponges). Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates.
Jamin interferometer
The Jamin interferometer is a type of interferometer, related to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer.  It was developed in 1856 by the French physicist Jules Jamin.

The interferometer consists of two mirrors, made of the thickest glass possible. The Fresnel reflection from the first surface of the mirror acts as a beam splitter.  The incident light is split into two rays, parallel to each other and displaced by an amount depending on the thickness of the mirror.  The rays are recombined at the second mirror and ultimately imaged onto a screen.

If a phase-shifting element is added to one arm of the interferometer, then the displacement it causes can be determined by simply counting the interference fringes, i.e., the minima.

The Jamin interferometer allows very exact measurements of the refractive index and dispersion of gases; a transparent pressure chamber can be positioned in the instrument.  The phase shift due to changes in pressure is quite easy to measure.

Beam splitter
A beam splitter or beamsplitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light into a transmitted and a reflected beam. It is a crucial part of many optical experimental and measurement systems, such as interferometers, also finding widespread application in fibre optic telecommunications.