hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Downward harmonization
Downward harmonization is an econo-political term describing the act of adapting the trade laws of a country with an established economy "downward" to the trade laws of the country with a developing economy. This "harmonizing" may affect labor laws, human rights laws, minimum-wage, industry standards, quality control, anti-terrorism, etc.

Quality control
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".

This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):

Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records

Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications

Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships.

Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example.
Cabaña pasiega
The cabaña pasiega is a type of mixed popular architecture (housing-livestock building called a housebarn), typical of the Cantabrian mountains, above all, from the upper valleys of Asón and Pas, whose contrasted origin dates back to the 16th century.

Asón-Agüera
The Asón-Agüera comarca is a historical region of Cantabria, Spain. It is located in the upper courses of the Asón and Agüera rivers, near the border with Vizcaya in the Basque Country. The comarca encompasses the basin of the Asón river and its tributaries such as the Gándara.

The region was part of the historical territories of the Valley of Soba and Ruesga Villaverde, and the Merindad de Vecio (Junta de Parayas, Villas Laredo, Seña and clean, and Valle de Guriezo).
Kolb Kolbra
The Kolb Kolbra and King Kolbra are a family of American tandem two seater, high wing, strut-braced, pusher configuration, conventional landing gear-equipped ultralight aircraft that are produced in kit form by New Kolb Aircraft of London, Kentucky and intended for amateur construction.

Pusher configuration
In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with propulsion device(s) after the engine(s).  This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, which places them in front.

Though the term is most commonly applied to aircraft, its most ubiquitous propeller example is a common outboard motor for a small boat.

“Pusher configuration” describes the specific (propeller or ducted fan) thrust device attached to a craft, either aerostats (airship) or aerodynes (aircraft, WIG, paramotor, rotorcraft) or others types such as hovercraft, airboats, and propeller-driven snowmobiles.
Baliwag Museum and Library
The Baliwag Municipal Library and Museum (also referred to as the Tahanan ng Kasaysayan at Kalinangan ng Baliwag) which is currently housed at the Lumang Munisipyo (Old Municipal Town Hall) is the town's center for historical and cultural heritage.

This landmark is owned and administered by the City of Baliwag. The heritage-historic Filipino-colonial mansion Bahay na Bato the official repository (established in 1998 as a natural history and ethnography museum) of Baliwag and Bulacan province.

Baliwag Museo is located in Town Proper, Old Municipal Bldg., Cagayan Valley Road, Poblacion, Baliwag, Bulacan. It is 150 meters from the heritage St. Augustine Parish Church of Baliuag.

Mariano Ponce
Mariano Ponce y Collantes (Spanish: [maɾjˈano pˈonθe]; March 22, 1863 – May 23, 1918) commonly known as just Mariano Ponce was a Filipino physician, writer, statesman, and active member of the Propaganda Movement. In Spain, he was among the founders of La Solidaridad and Asociación Hispano-Filipino. Among his significant works was Efemerides Filipinas, a column on historical events in the Philippines which appeared in La Oceania Española (1892–1893) and El Ideal (1911–1912). He wrote Ang Wika at Lahi (1917), a discussion on the importance of a national language. He also served as Bulacan's representative to the Philippine Assembly from 1909 to 1912.
Rogiet Hoard
51°35′20″N 2°47′13″W﻿ / ﻿51.589°N 2.787°W﻿ / 51.589; -2.787

The Rogiet Hoard is a hoard of 3,778 Roman coins found near Rogiet, Monmouthshire, Wales in September 1998. The coins dated from 253 up until 295–296. The hoard notably contained several faulty issues, and some rare denominations, including those depicting the usurper emperors Carausius and Allectus.

Carausius
Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius (died 293) was a military commander of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century. He was a Menapian from Belgic Gaul, who usurped power in 286, during the Carausian Revolt, declaring himself emperor in Britain and northern Gaul (Imperium Britanniarum). He did this only 13 years after the Gallic Empire was ended in 273. He held power for seven years, fashioning the name "Emperor of the North" for himself, before being assassinated by his finance minister Allectus.
Marios Christodoulou
Marios Christodoulou (Greek: Μάριος Χριστοδούλου; born 4 July 1974) is a Cypriot football midfielder who is under contract for Nikos & Sokratis Erimis. In the past he played for APOP Kinyras Peyia, AEL FC, Iraklis, Aris Thessaloniki F.C., Akratitos, Nea Salamina, APEP Pitsilia and Ermis Aradippou.

A.P.O. Akratitos Ano Liosia
A.P.O. Akratitos Ano Liosia (Greek: Α.Π.Ο. Ακράτητος Άνω Λιοσίων) is a Greek football professional club from Ano Liosia, Athens, Greece. They currently play in the Alpha Division of the Football League championship, which is the third level of the Greek football pyramid. They maintain a quite strong academy of youngsters.
Jorge Fonseca
Jorge Ivayr Rodrigues da Fonseca (born 30 October 1992) is a Santomean-born Portuguese judoka who competes for both Portugal and Sporting Clube de Portugal. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 100 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the second round by Lukáš Krpálek. He won the gold medal at the 2019 World Judo Championships in Tokyo and in the 2021 World Judo Championships in Budapest. He won the bronze medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 kg
The men's 100 kg competition in judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 11 August at the Carioca Arena 2.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver.  Judo events awarded two bronze medals.  Quarterfinal losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semifinal loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarterfinals A and B competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semifinal loser from the other half of the bracket).

The medals for the competition were presented by Alex Gilady, Israel, member of the International Olympic Committee and the gifts were presented by Rovnag Adullayev, Azerbaijan Judo Federation president.
President of Lithuania
The president of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidentas) is the head of state of the Republic of Lithuania. The president directs and appoints the executive branch of the Government of Lithuania, represents the nation internationally and is the commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The president is directly elected by the citizens of Lithuania for a five-year term, with the office holder limited to serving two terms consecutively. The current president is Gitanas Nausėda who assumed office on July 12, 2019.

Lithuanians
Lithuanians (Lithuanian: lietuviai) are a Baltic ethnic group. They are native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,378,118 people. Another two million make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Brazil and Canada. Their native language is Lithuanian, one of only two surviving members of the Baltic language family along with Latvian. According to the census conducted in 2021, 84.6% of the population of Lithuania identified themselves as Lithuanians. Most Lithuanians belong to the Catholic Church, while the Lietuvininkai who lived in the northern part of East Prussia prior to World War II, were mostly Lutherans.
Bill Beaumont
Sir William Blackledge Beaumont (born 9 March 1952) is an English former rugby union player, and was captain of the England national team, earning 34 caps. His greatest moment as captain was the unexpected 1980 Grand Slam win. He played as a lock.

He is currently the interim chairman of the Rugby Football Union, having previously held the position from 2012 to 2016, and was chairman of World Rugby from July 2016 to November 2024.

Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.  This has been achieved 42 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by the Irish team in 2023. The team with the most Grand Slams is England with 13.
It can also apply to the U20 and Women's Six Nations Championships.

In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand – which plays fixtures against all four home nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) during their tour. If the tourists win all of those matches, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam. This has been done nine times, first by South Africa in 1912–13, and most recently by New Zealand in 2010.
Louis Vail
Louis De Pui "Bucker" Vail (September 18, 1870 – December 16, 1948) was an American football player and coach. Vail played football and graduated from Germantown Academy.  He attended the University of Pennsylvania, receiving both his A.B. and his LL.B. He was a member of Delta Phi Fraternity.  Vail played football at Penn as a quarterback from 1889 to 1893. Vail also played baseball at Penn in 1891 and 1892.

Penn Quakers football
The Penn Quakers football program is the college football team at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. The Penn Quakers have competed in the Ivy League since its inaugural season of 1956, and are a Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Penn's first game was in 1876, and the team has played in 1,413 football games, the most of any school in any division. Penn plays its home games at historic Franklin Field, the oldest football stadium in the nation. All Penn games are broadcast on WNTP or WFIL radio.
MV Wolfe Islander IV
MV Wolfe Islander IV is a hybrid ferry serving between Kingston, Ontario and Wolfe Island in the Great Lakes. It replaces the ferry MV Wolfe Islander III and brings 50% more capacity. Wolfe Islander IV was constructed alongside another ferry, Amherst Islander II, using the same hybrid technology.

Wolfe Islander IV is a Damen 9819 E3 built at the Damen Galați shipyard in Romania. After being handed over to the Ontario Ministry of Transportation in August 2021, it was originally anticipated to be brought into full-time service in mid 2022, but faced several delays due in part to crew shortages and incomplete docking infrastructure. The ferry eventually began full-time service on August 17, 2024, however, as of September 2025 it has faced two major incidents that have taken it out of service for multiple months to do repairs.

Galați shipyard
The Galați shipyard (Romanian: Șantierul Naval Galați (SNG)), formally Damen Shipyards Galați, is a shipyard located on the maritime sector of the Danube in Galați, a city located in the Moldavia region of Romania. It was founded in 1893 as the G. Fernic et Co Mechanical constructions and iron and bronze foundry (Uzinele de construcții mecanice și turnătorie de fier și bronz G. Fernic et Co). In 1897, it was renamed as the G. Fernic et Co Shipyard (Șantierul naval G. Fernic et Co).
Lighthouse Investment Partners
Lighthouse Investment Partners (Lighthouse) is an American alternative investment management firm based in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. The firm mainly takes a fund of funds approach that invests indirectly through other specialized investment managers.

Outside the U.S., Lighthouse has offices in London, Hong Kong and Dubai.

Alternative investment
An alternative investment, also known as an alternative asset or alternative investment fund (AIF), is an investment in any asset class excluding capital stocks, bonds, and cash.

The term is a relatively loose one and includes tangible assets such as precious metals, collectibles (art, wine, antiques, vintage cars, coins, watches, musical instruments, or stamps) and some financial assets such as real estate, commodities, private equity, distressed securities, hedge funds, exchange funds, carbon credits, venture capital, film production, financial derivatives, cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens, and Tax Receivable Agreements. Investments in real estate, forestry and shipping are also often termed "alternative" despite the ancient use of such real assets to enhance and preserve wealth. Alternative investments are to be contrasted with traditional investments.
Zavattari
The Zavattari were a family of Italian painters active in Lombardy from the 14th to the 16th century.

Cristoforo and Franceschino Zavattari are known as collaborators to the decoration of the Duomo of Milan in the early 15th century. The family's masterwork are the frescoes in the Theodelinda Chapel in the Cathedral of Monza, work by Ambrogio and Gregorio Zavattari (1444).  Unusually in fresco, the gold sky is patterned in relief pastiglia plasterwork. Some attribute this work to Troso da Monza.
Subsequently, Franceschino and his sons worked at the Certosa di Pavia, where they conserve a fresco depicting the Madonna, and the church of San Lanfranco in Pavia.

To the Zavattari are attributed some of the cards in the Visconti-Sforza tarot deck, usually referred to as Bonifacio Bembo.

Visconti-Sforza Tarot
The Visconti-Sforza Tarot is used collectively to refer to incomplete sets of approximately 15 decks from the middle of the 15th century, now located in various museums, libraries, and private collections around the world.  No complete deck has survived; rather, some collections have a few face cards, while some consist of a single card.  They are the oldest surviving tarot cards and date back to a period when tarot was still called Trionfi ("triumphs" i.e. trump) cards, and used for everyday playing. They were commissioned by Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, and by his successor and son-in-law Francesco Sforza. They had a significant impact on the visual composition, card numbering and interpretation of modern decks.
Armagost
Armagost is a surname. It is the Americanized version of the German surname Arbogast.  Notable people with the surname include:

Jason Armagost, United States Air Force major general who serves as the commander of the Eighth Air Force

Ryan Armagost, American representative for  District 64 of the Colorado House of Representatives

Ryan Armagost
Ryan Armagost is an American a former politician who represented Colorado House of Representatives District 64 from January 2023, until his resignation in August 2025. District 64 includes parts of Larimer and Weld counties in Colorado and includes the communities of Greeley, Johnstown, Berthoud, Millikin and Mead. Armagost is a Republican.

In April 2025, Republican Representative Richard Armagost shared a photo of Democratic Representative Yara Zokaie of Fort Collins in a Republican House caucus group chat on the encrypted messaging app Signal, and the photo was shortly after circulated on social media leading to blatant sexual harassment and threats against her and her school age children -- Armagost resigned from his seat in the Colorado House of Representative on August 21, 2025, while facing a pending censure resolution against him for this incident.
Aiolopus
Aiolopus is a genus of grasshopper belonging to the family Acrididae, subfamily Oedipodinae and tribe Epacromiini.  Species can be found in Africa (including Madagascar), Europe and Asia - through to New Caledonia.

Acrididae
Acrididae are the predominant family of grasshoppers, comprising some 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. The subfamily Oedipodinae is sometimes classified as a distinct family Oedipodidae in the superfamily Acridoidea. Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae (so they may be called "short-horned grasshoppers"), and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.
Bad Girls series 8
The eighth and final series of British drama series Bad Girls premiered on ITV on 13 July 2006. It consists of eleven episodes, and concluded with a Christmas special on 20 December 2006.

Series eight introduces Amanda Donohoe (Lou Stoke), Sid Owen (Donny Kimber), Colin Salmon (Rowan Dunlop) and Angela Bruce (Mandy Goodhue). James Gaddas appears for the final time as Neil Grayling in the first episode in a guest appearance. Tracey Wilkinson (Di Barker),  Rebecca Hazlewood (Arun Palmer) and Andrew Scarborough (Kevin Spiers) are not featured and no explanation for their absence is given.

This series does not follow the previous series and commences with new storylines, leaving several from the previous season unresolved, including the fate of Di Barker.

Rebecca Hazlewood
Rebecca Jane Hazlewood is a British actress of Anglo-Indian descent with mixed Sikh, Afghani, and Iranian heritage. She is known for her role as Asha in the NBC sitcom Outsourced (2010-2011), described by Variety as a "superb" breakout performance, recurring as Kamilah Al-Jamil in the NBC comedy The Good Place (2016-2020), and portraying Stephanie Kercher in the Hulu miniseries The Twisted Tale of Amanda Knox (2025).

Her earlier UK work includes the role of transgender prisoner Arun Parmar in the ITV drama Bad Girls (2005-2006), one of the early transgender characters on UK primetime television.
Gonadosomatic index
In biology, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) is the calculation of the gonad mass as a proportion of the total body mass.  It is represented by the formula:

GSI = [gonad weight / total tissue weight] × 100

It is a tool for measuring the sexual maturity of animals in correlation to ovary development and testicle development. The index is frequently used as reporting point in OECD test guideline, which may be used as indication or evidence of potential endocrine disruption effect of chemicals in regulatory framework (EFSA and ECHA, 2017).

Testicle
A testicle, also called testis (pl. testes) is the male gonad in all gonochoric animals, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary, which is the female gonad.  Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of androgens, primarily testosterone.

The release of testosterone is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Sperm production is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland and by testosterone produced within the gonads.
Handles (novel)
Handles is a realistic children's novel by Jan Mark, first published in 1983 by Kestrel Books of Harmondsworth, London, with illustrations by David Parkins. Set in the Norfolk countryside, it features a city girl on holiday, who loves motorcycles. Nicholas Tucker calls it "a happy, optimistic work"; Erica escapes "mean-minded relatives" for the "anarchic motorbike-repair outfit in a nearby town".

Mark and Handles won the annual Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book by a British subject. Thus she became the third writer with two such honors (of seven through 2012), having won the 1976 Medal for her debut novel Thunder and Lightnings. Also set in the Norfolk countryside, it features two boys who love aeroplanes.

Atheneum Books published the first U.S. edition in 1985, retaining the Parkins illustrations.

Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals
The Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP, pronounced /ˈsɪlɪp/ SIL-ip) is a professional body for librarians, information specialists and knowledge managers in the United Kingdom.

It was established in 2002 as a merger of the Library Association (LA, sometimes LAUK) and the Institute of Information Scientists (IIS).

CILIP in Scotland (CILIPS) is an independent organisation which operates in Scotland in affiliation with CILIP and delivers services via a service level agreement.

CILIP's 2020 goal is to "put information and library skills and professional values at the heart of a democratic, equal and prosperous society".
Zemel
Zemel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eitan Zemel, American academic

Dvora Bochman (born 1950 as Dvora Rivka Zemel), Israeli artist, painter, and sculptor

Louis Zemel, plaintiff in Zemel v. Rusk

Zemel v. Rusk
Zemel v. Rusk, 381 U.S. 1 (1965), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding the right to travel and area restrictions on passports (travel to Cuba), holding that the Secretary of State is statutorily authorized to refuse to validate the passports of United States citizens for travel to Cuba and that the exercise of that authority is constitutionally permissible.
Never Let Me Go (Luther Vandross album)
Never Let Me Go is the eighth studio album by American R&B/soul singer-songwriter Luther Vandross, released on May 26, 1993, in the US by Epic. It was his first studio album not to peak at #1 on the R&B Albums chart.

The album became the third consecutive top-ten album on the Billboard 200 for Vandross, peaking at number six, and was released to mixed to positive reviews, earning Vandross numerous awards and accolades including three Grammy Award nominations at the 36th Grammy Awards in 1994. Vandross's cover of the Bee Gees hit, "How Deep Is Your Love" was nominated for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 36th Grammy Awards in March 1994. In addition, the album's first two singles "Little Miracles (Happen Every Day)" and "Heaven Knows" received nominations in the Best R&B Song category.

Grammy Award for Best R&B Song
The Grammy Award for Best R&B Song (sometimes known as the R&B Songwriter's Award) has been awarded since 1969. From 1969 to 2000, it was known as the Grammy Award for Best Rhythm and Blues Song. Beyoncé has won it a record five times, while Babyface, Stevie Wonder, Bill Withers and Alicia Keys  have three wins each.

The award goes to the songwriter. If the winning song contains samples or interpolations of songs, the original songwriter and publisher can apply for a Winner’s Certificate. Only Stevie Wonder and SZA have won the award back to back. The performing artist does not receive an award unless they are also credited as a songwriter.

Years reflect the year in which the grammy Awards were presented, for music released in the previous year.