hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spiritualism (philosophy)
In philosophy, spiritualism is the concept, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses. This includes philosophies that postulate a personal God, the immortality of the soul, or the immortality of the intellect or will, as well as any systems of thought that assume a universal mind or cosmic forces lying beyond the reach of purely materialistic interpretations.

Generally, any philosophical position, be it dualism, monism, atheism, theism, pantheism, idealism or any other, is compatible with spiritualism as long as it allows for a reality beyond matter. Theism is an example of a dualist spiritualist philosophy, while pantheism is an example of monist spiritualism.

Pierre Janet
Pierre Marie Félix Janet (/ʒɑːˈneɪ/; French: [ʒanɛ]; 30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory.

He is ranked alongside William James and Wilhelm Wundt as one of the founding fathers of psychology. He was the first to introduce the link between past experiences  and present-day disturbances and was noted for his studies involving induced somnambulism.
Cartlidge
Cartlidge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Cartlidge (1880–1922), English footballer

David Cartlidge (born 1940), English footballer

James Cartlidge (born 1974), English politician

Katrin Cartlidge (1961–2002), English actress
Katrin Cartlidge Foundation

Michelle Cartlidge, English writer and illustrator

William P. Cartlidge (born 1942), English film producer

People with the surname Cartlich, an archaic and variant spelling of Cartlidge:

Elizabeth Caslon née Cartlich (1730–1795), British typefounder

John Cartlich, 19th century equestrian performer

Serena Cartlich, fictional character from the 1932 film Big City Blues

Katrin Cartlidge
Katrin Juliet Cartlidge (15 May 1961 – 7 September 2002) was an English actress. She first appeared on screen as Lucy Collins in the Channel 4 soap opera Brookside (1982–1983), before going on to win the 1997 Evening Standard Film Award for Best Actress for the Mike Leigh film Career Girls. Her other film appearances included Leigh's Naked (1993), Before the Rain (1994), Breaking the Waves (1996), and From Hell (2001).
Johan Steenekamp
Johan Steenekamp (2 September 1935 – 16 August 2007) was a South African international rugby union player.

Steenekamp was born in Alberton and educated at Hoërskool Voortrekker.

A goal–kicking lock forward, Steenekamp made his representative debut for Transvaal in 1954. He gained a Springboks cap in 1958, taking the place of Salty du Rand for a Test match against France at Newlands, which finished in a 3–3 draw. The Springboks selectors then made a series of changes for the second Test match and Steenekamp was displaced by Jan Pickard. He ascended to the Transvaal captaincy in 1959.

Steenekamp was a diamond polisher by profession.

Alberton, South Africa
Alberton is a town situated on the southern part of the East Rand of the Gauteng Province in South Africa, just south-east of the major urban centre of Johannesburg.

Alberton is described as a typical suburban community, one which is primarily residential in character, with most of its workers commuting to work in nearby suburbs or cities such as Johannesburg and Germiston.
Microcoelus
Microcoelus (meaning "small hollow") is a dubious genus of small titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian stage) Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Argentina. It is known from only a single dorsal vertebra, although a left humerus was formerly referred to this taxon, but it is now considered to belong to Neuquensaurus. The type (and only known) species is M. patagonicus, described by British paleontologist Richard Lydekker in 1893.

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.
The Plundering of Basing House
The Plundering of Basing House is an 1836 history painting by the British artist Charles Landseer depicting a scene from the English Civil War. It portrays the ransacking of Basing House in Hampshire in October 1645. Long a Royalist stronghold, it was stormed by troops of the New Model Army under Oliver Cromwell. It is one of the best-known paintings of the conflict.

Landseer was the elder brother of the celebrated animal painter Edwin Landseer and was known for his depictions of scenes from British history. The work was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1836 at Somerset House in London, where it earned critical praise.  The painting was given to the National Gallery in 1859 by the chemist and art collector Jacob Bell. Today it is in the possession of the Tate Britain.

Basing House
Basing House was a Tudor palace and castle in the village of Old Basing in the English county of Hampshire. It once rivalled Hampton Court Palace in its size and opulence. Today only parts of the basement or lower ground floor, plus the foundations and earthworks, remain.  The ruins are a Grade II listed building and a scheduled monument.
The Movies (video game)
The Movies is a business simulation game created by Lionhead Studios for Microsoft Windows and ported to Mac OS X by Feral Interactive. Players run a Hollywood film studio, creating films that can be exported from the game. The Movies was released in November 2005 to positive reviews and several awards, but sold poorly. An expansion, The Movies: Stunts & Effects, was released in 2006.

Peter Molyneux
Peter Douglas Molyneux OBE (/ˈmɒlɪnjuː/; born 5 May 1959) is an English video game designer and programmer. He created the Fable series; god games Populous, Dungeon Keeper, and Black & White; as well as Theme Park, Curiosity: What's Inside the Cube?, and Godus. In 2012, he founded 22cans, a video game development studio.

In 2009, he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.
2024 Challenger AAT – Doubles
Francisco Comesaña and Thiago Seyboth Wild were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Arklon and Conner Huertas del Pino won the title after defeating Max Houkes and Lukas Neumayer 6–3, 3–6, [10–6] in the final.

Lukas Neumayer
Lukas Neumayer (born 6 September 2002) is an Austrian tennis player.

Neumayer has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 157 achieved on 25 August 2025. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 492 achieved on 18 July 2022. He is the current No. 4 Austrian player.
Peja (priest)
Peja or Peyo (Bulgarian: Пейо, Serbian Cyrillic: Пеја; fl. 1515–23) was an Eastern Orthodox priest active in the Sanjak of Sofia (in the Ottoman Empire, now Bulgaria) in the early 16th century. He wrote the liturgical rite and biography (žitije) on Saint George of Kratovo between 1515 and 1523. The work was published by Serbian scholar and writer Stojan Novaković, transcribed from a manuscript held in the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade. Priest Peja was the spiritual guide and host of the young silversmith George from Kratovo, whom he taught the Bible. George was burnt alive on a pyre on 11 February 1515 after he refused to convert to Islam, due to which he later was proclaimed a New Martyr. Peja then moved from Sofia to Ravanica, the foundation and burial site of Prince Lazar of Serbia, whom he mentioned in his works regarding the Battle of Kosovo (1389).

Death by burning
Death by burning, also called immolation, is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public capital punishment, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as treason, heresy, and witchcraft. The best-known execution of this type is burning at the stake, where the condemned is bound to a large wooden stake and a fire lit beneath. A holocaust is a religious animal sacrifice that is completely consumed by fire, also known as a burnt offering. The word derives from the ancient Greek holokaustos, the form of sacrifice in which the victim was reduced to ash, as distinguished from an animal sacrifice that resulted in a communal meal.

There are documented executions by burning as early as the 18th century BC and as recently as 2016.
Anisophyton
Anisophyton was a genus of Early Devonian land plant with branching axes. Known fossils are of Emsian age (411 to 393 million years ago).

A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Anisophyton in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).

Lycophyte
The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a group of vascular plants that include the clubmosses. They are sometimes placed in a division Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta or in a subdivision Lycopodiophytina. They are one of the oldest lineages of extant (living) vascular plants; the group contains extinct plants that have been dated from the Silurian (ca. 425 million years ago). Lycophytes were some of the dominating plant species of the Carboniferous period, and included the tree-like Lepidodendrales, some of which grew over 40 metres (130 ft) in height, although extant lycophytes are relatively small plants.

The scientific names and the informal English names used for this group of plants are ambiguous. For example, "Lycopodiophyta" and the shorter "Lycophyta" as well as the informal "lycophyte" may be used to include the extinct zosterophylls or to exclude them.
Zambar, Iraq
Zambar (Arabic: زمبر) is a small desert village in Tel Afar District of Nineveh Governorate of northern Iraq. It is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of Tel Afar and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) directly west of Mosul. It is located about halfway between Tel Afar and the larger settlement of Shaikh Ibrahim, further to the southeast.

Tel Afar District
Tel Afar District (Arabic: قضاء تلعفر; Turkish: Telafer) is a district in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. Its administrative center is the city of Tal Afar. Other towns include Rabia, Zummar, and al-Ayadia. It is predominantly populated by Iraqi Turkmens, followed by minorities of Arabs and Kurds.

On 27 April 2025, Baghdad Today reported of an ongoing government initiative to convert the Tel Afar district into the 20th governorate of Iraq. The proposed name of the new governorate is Jazira.
Horatio Dresser
Horatio Willis Dresser (January 15, 1866 – March 30, 1954) was a New Thought religious leader and author in the United States. In 1919 he became a minister of General Convention of the Church of the New Jerusalem, and served briefly at a Swedenborgian church in Portland, Maine.

In addition to his writings on New Thought, Dresser is known for having edited two books of selected papers by Phineas Parkhurst Quimby. Both of Dresser's parents had studied with the mesmerist, who influenced the New Thought movement.

Animal magnetism
Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a pseudoscientific theory promoted by German physician Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. It posits the existence of an invisible natural force (Lebensmagnetismus) possessed by all living things, including humans, animals, and vegetables. He claimed that the force could have physical effects, including healing.

The vitalist theory attracted numerous followers in Europe and the United States and was popular into the 19th century. Practitioners were often known as magnetizers rather than mesmerists. It had an important influence in medicine for about 75 years from its beginnings in 1779, and continued to have some influence for another 50 years. Hundreds of books were written on the subject between 1766 and 1925, but it is no longer practiced today except as a form of alternative medicine in some places. This theory also had a strong influence on the development of Kardecism.
Zwerling
Zwerling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Darrell Zwerling (1928-2014), American actor

Harriet Sohmers Zwerling (1928–2019), American writer and artist's model

Jeff Corey (born Arthur Zwerling; 1914–2002), American stage and screen actor

Lisa Zwerling, American physician, television writer and producer

Yetta Zwerling (died 1982), Yiddish actress

Lisa Zwerling
Lisa Zwerling is an American physician (member of the American Medical Association), television writer and producer (member of the Writers Guild of America & the Producers Guild of America). She has worked on the medical drama series Presidio Med and ER and science fiction series FlashForward.
Leninskoye, Kirov Oblast
Leninskoye (Russian: Ленинское) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Shabalinsky District of Kirov Oblast, Russia. Population:  5,054 (2010 Census); 5,490 (2002 Census); 5,916 (1989 Soviet census).

Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast (Russian: Кировская область, romanized: Kirovskaya oblast', IPA: [ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population is 1,341,312.
Wadi Rajil
Wadi Rajil is a seasonal stream (wadi) in the Badia region of eastern Jordan and southern Syria. It originates in the Jabal al-Druze and flows south through the harrat al-Sham into the Azraq oasis. One of the major watercourses in the Azraq basin, it drains much of the northern part of the basaltic harrat al-Sham, which is also known as the harrat al-Rajil.

Harrat al-Sham
The Ḥarrat al-Shām (Arabic: حَرَّة ٱلشَّام), also known as the Harrat al-Harra or Harrat al-Shaba, and sometimes the Black Desert in English, is a region of rocky, basaltic desert straddling southern Syrian region and the northern Arabian Peninsula. It covers an area of some 40,000 km2 (15,000 sq mi) in the modern-day Syrian Arab Republic, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Vegetation is characteristically open acacia shrubland with patches of juniper at higher altitudes.

The Harrat has been occupied by humans since at least the Late Epipalaeolithic (c. 12,500–9500 BCE). One of the earliest known sites is Shubayqa 1 (occupied c. 12,600–10,000 BCE), a Natufian site where archaeologists have discovered the remains of the oldest known bread.
Pseudescherichia
Pseudescherichia is a Gram-negative genus of non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. Based on conserved signature indels (CSIs) differentiating it from other members of this family, this genus and its sole species P. vulneris were divided from Escherichia, the genus of E. coli, in 2017.

A November 2022 preprint article has identified another member species from a Oryza sativa rice seedling growing in Arkansas, proposing the name P. oryzae.

Preprint
In academic publishing, a preprint is a version of a scholarly or scientific paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly or scientific journal. The preprint may be available, often as a non-typeset version available for free, before or after a paper is published in a journal.
Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail
The Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail in King County, Washington. The 29-mile (47 km) trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road, which was constructed in 1911 and abandoned in 1973.

The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall.

Rail trail
A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed; in addition, rails with trails share the rail corridor with active railways, light rail or with disused track. As shared-use paths, rail trails are primarily for non-motorised traffic including pedestrians, bicycles, horseback riders, skaters and cross-country skiers, although snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles may be allowed. The characteristics of abandoned railways lend themselves to rail trails and account for their popularity; these include gentle grades, well-engineered rights of way and structures (bridges and tunnels), and passage through historical areas. Many rail trails are long-distance trails, while some shorter rail trails are known as greenways or linear parks.
De Zeemeerman
De Zeemeerman is a 1996 Dutch comedy film directed by Frank Herrebout. The movie revolves around a young man who has a hard time getting girls because he permanently smells of fish. The cure, offered by a mad professor, turns him into a male mermaid, or mer-man ('zeemeerman' in Dutch).

The film received negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb.  According to 134,000 users of website moviemeter.nl, De Zeemeerman is the worst Dutch movie of all time, scoring #3 in the list of worst movies overall (with National Lampoon's Pledge This! in the number one spot). Ed Starink composed the main theme.

1996 in film
The year 1996 involved many significant films. The major releases this year included Scream, Independence Day, Fargo, Trainspotting, The Rock, The English Patient, Twister, Space Jam, Mission: Impossible, Mars Attacks!, Jerry Maguire and a film version of the musical Evita.
Pavel Schwarc
Pavel Schwarc is a former Czechoslovak slalom canoeist who competed in the 1970s. He won two medals at the 1977 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Spittal with a gold in the C-2 team event and a silver in the C-2 event.

Spittal an der Drau
Spittal an der Drau is a town in the western part of the Austrian federal state of Carinthia. It is the administrative centre of Spittal an der Drau District, Austria's second largest district (Bezirk) by area.
Nils Holm
Nils Holm (born 30 October 1969) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden.

Holm, a doubles specialist, never made a final on the ATP Tour but reached the semi-finals at Bastad in 1989.

He teamed up with his brother Henrik at the 1993 US Open, where they were defeated in the opening round by Wayne Ferreira and Michael Stich. His brother was also his partner in his only other Grand Slam appearance, at the 1997 Wimbledon Championships. On this occasion they made it into the second round, with a win over the British pairing of Martin Lee and James Trotman. They were then eliminated by two Australians, Mark Philippoussis and Patrick Rafter in straight sets.

Swedish Open
The Nordea Open  (sponsored by Nordea) is a professional tennis tournament held in Båstad, Sweden. It is played on outdoor clay courts in July.
The men's event is an ATP Tour 250 tournament. The women's event was an International tournament and successor to the Nordic Light Open in Stockholm, and from 2019 onwards is a WTA 125 series-level tournament.
MobileNet
MobileNet is a family of convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures designed for image classification, object detection, and other computer vision tasks. They are designed for small size, low latency, and low power consumption, making them suitable for on-device inference and edge computing on resource-constrained devices like mobile phones and embedded systems. They were originally designed to be run efficiently on mobile devices with TensorFlow Lite.

The need for efficient deep learning models on mobile devices led researchers at Google to develop MobileNet. As of October 2024, the family has four versions, each improving upon the previous one in terms of performance and efficiency.

Object detection
Object detection is a computer technology related to computer vision and image processing that deals with detecting instances of semantic objects of a certain class (such as humans, buildings, or cars) in digital images and videos. Well-researched domains of object detection include face detection and pedestrian detection. Object detection has applications in many areas of computer vision, including image retrieval and video surveillance.
Lin Jin-zhong
Lin Jin-zhong (born 1951 in Wufeng, Taichung), with the courtesy name Qinglan, is a Taiwanese painter and calligrapher. Lin obtained the Master's degree from the National University of Tsukuba's Art Research Institute in Japan. He has held various positions at the National Taiwan University of Arts, including professor and chair of the Department of Painting and Calligraphy Art, dean of Fine Art College, and vice president. He is currently an honorary professor at the National Taiwan University of Arts and serves as an adjunct professor in the Department of Painting and Calligraphy Art.

Adjunct professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, but the term is generally agreed to mean a bona-fide part-time faculty member in an adjunct position at an institution of higher education.
Adriana Díaz Contreras
Adriana Díaz Contreras (born 1 March 1970) is a Mexican politician from the Party of the Democratic Revolution. From 2006 to 2009 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Morelos.

Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
City vs Country West End Challenge
The City v Country West End Challenge was a one-off all-star game between two representative sides organised by the South Australian National Football League in the absence of a State of Origin game in 1990.

The match was played on 21 May 1990 at Football Park in West Lakes, South Australia, Australia, between The Advertiser Country All-Stars and The News City All-Stars. The Country All-Stars won the match by 41 points.

The News (Adelaide)
The News was an afternoon daily tabloid newspaper in the city of Adelaide, South Australia, that had its origins in 1869, and ceased circulation in 1992. Through much of the 20th century, The Advertiser was Adelaide's morning broadsheet, The News the afternoon tabloid, with The Sunday Mail covering weekend sport, and Messenger Newspapers community news.

Its former names were The Evening Journal (1869–1912) and The Journal (1912–1923), with the Saturday edition called The Saturday Journal until 1929.