hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shahada
The Shahada (Arabic: الشَّهَادَةُ aš-šahādatu; Arabic pronunciation: [aʃ.ʃahaːdatu], 'the testimony'), also transliterated as Shahadah, is an Islamic oath and creed, and one of the Five Pillars of Islam and part of the adhan. It reads: "I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God." The Shahada declares belief in the oneness (tawhid) of God and the acceptance of Muhammad as God's messenger. Some Shia Muslims also include a statement of belief in the wilayat of Ali, but they do not consider it as an obligatory part for converting to Islam.

A single honest recitation of the Shahada is all that is required for a person to become a Muslim according to most traditional schools.

Schools of Islamic theology
Schools of Islamic theology are various Islamic schools and branches in different schools of thought regarding creed. The main schools of Islamic theology include the extant Mu'tazili, Ash'ari, Maturidi, and Athari schools; the extinct ones include the Qadari, Jahmi, Murji', and Batini schools.

The main schism between Sunni, Shia, and Khariji branches of Islam was initially more political than theological, but theological differences have developed over time throughout the history of Islam.
Village of the Angels
"Village of the Angels", prefixed frequently with either "Chapter Four" or "Flux", is the fourth episode of the thirteenth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, and of the six-episode serial known collectively as Doctor Who: Flux. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 21 November 2021. It was written by showrunner and executive producer Chris Chibnall and Maxine Alderton, and directed by Jamie Magnus Stone.

The episode stars Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, alongside Mandip Gill and John Bishop as her companions, Yasmin Khan and Dan Lewis, respectively.

Companion (Doctor Who)
In the long-running BBC television science fiction programme Doctor Who and related works, the term "companion" refers to a character who travels with, or shares adventures with, the Doctor. A companion is generally the series' co-lead character alongside the Doctor for the duration of their tenure, and in most Doctor Who stories acts as an audience surrogate by providing the lens through which the viewer is introduced to the story, and often, the series itself.

The companion character often furthers the story by asking questions and getting into trouble; also by helping, rescuing, or challenging the Doctor. This designation is applied to a character by the show's producers and appears in the BBC's promotional material and off-screen fictional terminology. The Doctor also refers to the show's other leads as their "friends" or "assistants"; the British press have also used the latter term.
Peter X. Fugina
Peter X. Fugina (August 28, 1908 – March 28, 1994) was an American politician and educator.

Fugina was born in Biwabik, Minnesota, and graduated from Aurora High School in Aurora, Minnesota. He was in the United States Navy during World War II. He received his degree in chemistry from Hamline University. Fugina also went to Princeton University, Purdue University, the University of Minnesota, Stanford University, and the University of Washington. He lived in Virginia, Minnesota, with his wife and family, and taught chemistry at the Ely Community College and in the St. Louis County School system. Fugina was in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1955 to 1962 and from 1971 to 1978. He was a Democrat. Fugina died from pneumonia and Parkinson's disease at Lakeview Memorial Hospital in Stillwater, Minnesota. He was buried at Fort Snelling National Cemetery.

St. Louis County, Minnesota
St. Louis County is a county  in the Arrowhead Region of  Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county in Minnesota by land area, and the largest in the United States by total area east of the Mississippi River.
St. Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN–Superior, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Open pit mining of taconite and processing it into high grade iron ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range and is directly tied to shipping in the twin ports of Duluth and Superior. Parts of the federally recognized Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county.
Jack B. Newton
John Borden "Jack" Newton (13 August 1942 – 11 November 2025) was a Canadian astronomer, known for his publications and images in amateur astrophotography, and for his outreach to educate the public about astronomy.

Newton is credited with invention of "cold camera" astrophotography, which enabled enhanced images of galaxies, the Sun, and other astronomical objects taken from a ground-based, amateur-level telescope.

His expert astrophotographs were exhibited by publication of six books and articles in astronomy, scientific, and popular magazines, and in public presentations. For his contributions to science and astronomy education over decades, Newton received national and regional astronomy awards in Canada, the United States, and England.

With his wife, Alice, Jack Newton was devoted to preserving dark skies to reveal unique celestial objects to the public.

Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body, celestial body or heavenly body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous physical object, while an astronomical or celestial object admits a more complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures.

Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons, planets, and stars are astronomical bodies. A comet may be identified as both a body and an object: It is a body when referring to the frozen nucleus of ice and dust, and an object when describing the entire comet with its diffuse coma and tail.
Betty Krawczyk
Betty Shiver Krawczyk (August 4, 1928 – May 9, 2025) was an American author, blogger and environmental activist based in British Columbia, Canada. She identified as an ecofeminist.

Krawczyk is known locally for having been arrested and imprisoned numerous times for defying court orders related to logging and highway developments. On March 5, 2007, she was sentenced to 10 months imprisonment for her role in protesting highway construction on the Eagleridge Bluffs in West Vancouver.

In the 2001 provincial election, Krawczyk finished third in the riding of Vancouver-Kensington, garnering 9.32 per cent of the popular vote for the Green Party, her highest showing ever. In the 2008 Canadian federal election she ran unsuccessfully in the riding of Vancouver East for the Work Less Party, earning 1.02 per cent of the popular vote.

Krawczyk died after two strokes in Parksville, British Columbia, on May 9, 2025, at the age of 96.

Green Party of British Columbia
The Green Party of British Columbia, or simply the BC Greens, is a provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1983 and is based in Victoria. The party won its first seat in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2013 provincial election.
2013 Webby Awards
The 17th annual Webby Awards for 2013 was held at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City on May 22, 2013, hosted by comedian Patton Oswalt. It was streamed live at www.webbyawards.com.

The Lifetime Achievement award was presented to Steve Wilhite, inventor of the GIF file format. The viral Australian public service campaign Dumb Ways to Die led the other nominees for total number of awards received, and The Onion achieved a record 19th win.

Steve Wilhite
Stephen Earl Wilhite (March 3, 1948 – March 14, 2022) was an American computer scientist who worked at CompuServe and was the engineering lead on the team that created the GIF image file format in 1987. GIF went on to become the de facto standard for 8-bit color images on the Internet until PNG (1996) became a widely supported alternative. The format later became the subject of a patent assertion by Unisys on its use of the LZW compression algorithm. Known as the inventor or creator of the GIF, Wilhite received a Webby Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013.
RBC Pepinster
Royal Basketball Club Pepinster is a Belgian basketball club that is located in the Verviers-Pepinster area of Liège Province, Belgium. The club currently competes in the Belgian Fifth Division, the fifth tier of Belgian basketball. Before, the team used to be a regular participant of the Basketball League Belgium. The team club plays its home games at the 4,000 seat Hall du Paire.

Belgian Basketball Supercup
The Belgian Basketball Supercup, also called the Generali Supercup for sponsorship reasons, is a men’s professional basketball game in Belgium, which is played by the champion of the Basketball League Belgium Division I (Belgian champion) and the winner of the Belgian Basketball Cup. It is a super cup competition. The game is played in Knokke.
Carricante
Carricante is a white grape variety indigenous to Sicily, Italy. This late-ripening vine is the main variety used in the Etna DOC. It is usually found blended with Catarratto and Minella bianca. As a varietal wine, Carricante produces a fresh, straw-yellow, lightly fragrant white wine. The name Carricante comes from the Italian caricare (to load, to burden), in reference to the variety's heavy yields. It is not related to the variety Nocera, which is sometimes called Carricante nero. Carricante is grown at high altitudes on Mount Etna relative to other grapes, growing at around 950 meters above sea level on the eastern slopes and at 1,050 meters on the southern slopes. Wines made from it tend to be high in total acidity with a low pH and have traditionally been subject to malolactic fermentation.

Nocera (grape)
Nocera is a dark black Italian grape variety producing deeply colored, high acidity wines. It originates from the north eastern region of Sicily and is now also grown in Calabria. It is an allowed component of five DOC wines (Bivongi, Mamertino di Milazzo, Sicilia, Faro, and S. Anna di Isola Capo Rizzuto) as well as 15 IGT wines. It has good vigor but poor disease resistance.
2002 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The 2002 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament was the 43rd organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The UCLA Bruins won their fourth national title by defeating the Stanford Cardinal in the championship game, 1–0. The final match was played on December 15, 2002, in University Park, Texas at Gerald J. Ford Stadium on the campus of Southern Methodist University, as were the two semifinals on December 13. All earlier-round games were played at the home field of the higher seeded team.

NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament was formally held in 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. Among the most successful programs, Saint Louis won 10 titles during dynasty years between 1959 and 1973. Indiana has won 8 titles beginning in 1982, whereas Virginia has won 7 titles beginning in 1989.

Although the tournament is frequently referenced as the "College Cup", the NCAA applies the title only to the semifinal and championship rounds of the tournament proper. Since the tournament began, the semifinal and final fixtures have been held at a neutral site predetermined by the NCAA before starting the regular season.
Sydor Rey
Sydor Rey born Izydor Reiss (6 September 1908 – 15 November 1979) was a Polish poet and novelist. During the Interbellum he worked in the Jewish orphanage of Janusz Korczak in Warsaw. He dedicated his short story Anioł-Stróż ("Guardian Angel"; 1957), part of his book Księga rozbitków, to the memory of Janusz Korczak. A bisexual author, Sydor Rey did not frequently tackle gay subjects in his writings.

Polish culture in the Interbellum
Polish culture in the interwar period witnessed the rebirth of Polish sovereignty. The nationhood along with its cultural heritage was no longer suppressed by the three foreign partitioners. The cultural development saw the retreat of the 19th century elite cultures of nobility as well as the traditional folk culture, and the rise of a new mass culture integrating Polish society closer to the new intelligentsia educated in the practice of democracy.
Havana Conference
The Havana Conference of 1946 was a meeting of American Mafia and National Crime Syndicate leaders to determine Syndicate policy, rules, and business interests in the new postwar era. The conference is considered to be the most important US organized crime summit since the 1929 Atlantic City Conference. Decisions made in Havana resonated throughout the US in ensuing decades.

The Havana conference was reportedly convened by mob boss Charles "Lucky" Luciano. Delegations representing crime families from across the United States attended. It was held at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba in Havana during the week of December 22, 1946.

Albert Anastasia
Umberto "Albert" Anastasia (/ˌænəˈsteɪʒə/, Italian: [umˈbɛrto anastaˈziːa]; né Anastasio [anaˈstaːzjo]; September 26, 1902 – October 25, 1957) was an Italian-American mobster, hitman and crime boss. One of the founders of the modern American Mafia, and a co-founder and later boss of the Murder, Inc. organization, Anastasia eventually rose to the position of boss in what became the modern Gambino crime family. He also controlled New York City's waterfront for most of his criminal career, mainly through dockworker unions. Anastasia was murdered on October 25, 1957, on the orders of Vito Genovese and Carlo Gambino; Gambino subsequently became the boss of the family.

Anastasia was one of the most ruthless and feared organized crime figures in American history; his reputation earned him the nicknames The Earthquake, The One-Man Army, The Mad Hatter and The Lord High Executioner.
New manufacturing economy
The new manufacturing economy (NME) describes the role of advanced manufacturing in the rise of the New Economy. The term describes manufacturing enabled by digital technologies, advanced systems and processes and a highly trained and knowledgeable workforce. The new manufacturing economy integrates networks, 3D printers and other proficiencies into  business strategies to further develop manufacturing practices.

Thomas Friedman references Lawrence F. Katz that hubs of "universities, high-tech manufacturers, software/service providers and highly nimble start-ups" are a needed economic development strategy. This is very similar to NME thoughts even though that exact term is not used.

Thomas L. Friedman
Thomas Loren Friedman (/ˈfriːdmən/ FREED-mən; born July 20, 1953) is an American political commentator and author. He is a three-time Pulitzer Prize winner who is a weekly columnist for The New York Times. He has written extensively on foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues.

Friedman began his career as a reporter and won two Pulitzer Prizes in the 1980s for his coverage on conflict in Lebanon and politics in Israel, followed by a further prize in 2002 for commentary on the war on terror.
West End, Jersey City
The West End is the former name of the only neighborhood in Historic Downtown Jersey City, New Jersey that is entirely west of the New Jersey Turnpike's Newark Bay Extension. The trestle carry the National Docks Secondary rail line runs through the neighbourhood.

National Docks Secondary
National Docks Secondary is a freight rail line within Conrail's North Jersey Shared Assets Area in Hudson County, New Jersey, used by CSX Transportation. It provides access for the national rail network to maritime, industrial, and distribution facilities at Port Jersey, the Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY), and Constable Hook as well as carfloat operations at Greenville Yard. The line is an important component in the planned expansion of facilities in the Port of New York and New Jersey. The single track right of way comprises rail beds, viaducts, bridges, and tunnels originally developed at the end of the 19th century by competing railroads.
Richard Falkner (cricketer)
Richard Edward Falkner (born 13 August 1982) is an English cricketer.  Falkner is a right-handed batsman who plays occasionally as a wicketkeeper.  He was born at Northampton, Northamptonshire.

Falkner represented the Northamptonshire Cricket Board in List A cricket.  His debut List A match came against Wiltshire in the 1999 NatWest Trophy.  From 1999 to 2001, he represented the Board in 5 List A matches, the last of which came against the Leicestershire Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2001. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 122 runs at a batting average of 40.66, with a high score of 46.  Behind the stumps he took a single catch and made 2 stumpings.

He currently plays club cricket for Horton House Cricket Club.

Stump (cricket)
In cricket, the stumps are the three vertical posts that support the bails and form the wicket. Stumping or being stumped is a method of dismissing a batsman.

The umpire calling stumps means the play is over for the day.
44M Zrínyi I
The 44M Zrínyi I was a Hungarian assault gun/tank destroyer of the Second World War. Developed from the successful 43M Zrínyi II, it was armed with a long 75 mm gun that was more suited to anti-tank warfare. This was the same 75 mm 43.M gun that was used on the 43M Turán III medium tank.

The Zrínyi series of military vehicles was named after Nikola IV Zrinski, a Hungarian national hero who died in 1566.

Medium tank
A medium tank is a classification of tanks, particularly prevalent during World War II, which represented a compromise between the mobility oriented light tanks and the armour and armament oriented heavy tanks. A medium tank's classification is not based on weight, but on tactical usage and intended purpose; for instance the German Panzerkampfwagen V Panther medium tank has a mass similar to contemporary Allied heavy tanks. The most widely produced, cost effective and successful tanks of World War II (the German Panzer IV, the Soviet T-34, and the American M4 Sherman) were all medium tank designs. Many of the medium tank lines became what are called main battle tanks in most countries.
Burovaya Kompaniya Eurasia
Burovaya Kompaniya Eurasia LLC (OOO BKE, Limited Liability Company Evraziya) is a drilling company based in Moscow, Russia. Burovaya Kompaniya Eurasia is Offshore & Onshore oil drilling services company.

One of the largest independent drilling companies in Russia by the number of drilled meters, it engages in drilling, construction, repair, and reconstruction of oil and gas wells of all purposes in licensed areas of PJSC "LUKOIL", PJSC "NK "Rosneft", PJSC "Gazprom Neft", PJSC ANK "Bashneft", JSC NK "RussNeft", and other oil and gas companies.

The production capacities of BKE are concentrated in the West Siberia, Volga-Ural, and Timan-Pechora regions.

Gazprom Neft
Gazprom Neft (Russian: Газпром Нефть; formerly Sibneft, Russian: Сибнефть) is the third largest oil producer in Russia and ranked third according to refining throughput. It is a subsidiary of Gazprom, which owns about 96% of its shares. The company is registered and headquartered in St. Petersburg after central offices were relocated from Moscow in 2011.

By the end of 2012 Gazprom Neft accounted for 10% of oil and gas production and 14.6% of refining activities in Russia. Production volumes in 2012 increased by 4.3% in comparison with 2011, refining throughput grew by 7%, revenue was up 19.5% with EBITDA and net profit advancing by 7.7% and 9.9% accordingly.
Maxim Rasseikin
Maxim Rasseikin (born 26 April 1998) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward currently playing with Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

He signed as free agent to a one-year contract with Yunost Minsk of the Belarusian Extraleague (BLR) on 10 May 2020. He returned to Avtomobilist in the following off-season, agreeing to a two-year contract on 12 May 2021.

Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg
HC Avtomobilist (Russian: Автомобилист Екатеринбург) is a professional ice hockey club based in Yekaterinburg, Russia. It is a member of the Kharlamov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The club replaced Khimik Voskresensk in the KHL in 2009.
Park and Shop
Park and Shop may mean:

Andronico's, once known as Park and Shop, a supermarket chain in the San Francisco Bay Area

Park & Shop (Cleveland Park, Washington, D.C.), built in 1930, of the first two neighborhood shopping centers in the United States

ParknShop, a supermarket chain in Hong Kong

Park and Shop (game), a board game

ParknShop
ParknShop (styled PARKnSHOP, Chinese: 百佳) is one of the two largest supermarket chains in Hong Kong, the other being Wellcome. ParknShop operates more than 200 outlets in Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China.

The first ParknShop store opened in Stanley, Hong Kong in 1973. For a decade the store remained a local retailer until the mid-1980s when it began to expand outside Hong Kong.

ParknShop is a member of the AS Watson Group, a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings Limited.
Carmen Aristegui
María del Carmen Aristegui Flores (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾ.men a.ɾisˈte.ɣi]; born 18 January 1964) is a Mexican journalist and news anchor. She is widely regarded as one of Mexico's leading journalists and opinion leaders, and is best known for her critical investigations of the Mexican government. She is the anchor of the news program Aristegui on CNN en Español, and writes regularly for the opinion section of the periodical Reforma. In March 2015, she was illegally fired from MVS Radio 102.5 FM in Mexico City following a report on the conflicts of interest by then Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto with a state contractor. The contractor had allegedly  built a millionaire residence for the president and his family. She manages her own news website and hosts an online morning newscast, which is also broadcast on Grupo Radio Centro's XERC-FM.

TV Azteca
Televisión Azteca, commonly known as TV Azteca, is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second-largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa. It primarily competes with Televisa as well as some local operators. It owns two national television networks, Azteca Uno and Azteca 7, and operates two other nationally distributed services, adn40 and A Más+. All three of these networks have transmitters in most major and minor cities.

TV Azteca also operates Azteca Trece Internacional, reaching 13 countries in Central and South America, and formerly part of the Azteca América network in the United States. Its flagship program is the newscast Hechos.