hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kolka–Karmadon rock ice slide
The Kolka–Karmadon rock-ice slide occurred on the northern slope of the Mount Kazbek massif in North Ossetia–Alania on 20 September 2002, following a partial collapse of the Kolka Glacier. It started on the north-northeast wall of Mount Jimara, 4,780 m (15,680 ft) above sea level, and seriously affected the valley of Genaldon and Karmadon. The resulting avalanche and mudflow killed more than 120 people, including a film crew of 27 people, among them Russian actor and director Sergei Bodrov Jr.  While this type of avalanche is not uncommon, this particular event is considered extraordinary because of several aspects.

Mount Dzhimara
Mount Dzhimara or Jimara (Ossetian: Джимарайы хох — Džimarajy xox, Russian: Джимара, Georgian: ჯიმარა) is the second highest point of North Ossetia–Alania, a Russian republic, with an altitude of 4,780 meters (15,680 ft). It is located on the border between Russia and Georgia.

The mountain is located on the Khokh Range, 9 km (5.5 mi) to the west of Mount Kazbek.
Summerfolk
Summerfolk (Russian: Дачники, romanized: Dachniki) is a play by Maxim Gorky written in 1904 and first published in 1905 by Znaniye (1904 Znaniye Anthology, book Three), in Saint Petersburg.

Full of characters who "...might have stepped out of a Chekhovian world", it takes place in 1904—the same year that Anton Chekhov died. The play dramatises the Russian bourgeois social class and the changes occurring around them. In Russia the play premiered on 10 November 1904 at the Komissarzhevskaya Theatre in Saint Petersburg.

The British premiere of the play was given by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Aldwych Theatre in London on 27 August 1974. It was adapted by Jeremy Brooks and directed by David Jones, who, with Brooks, introduced several of Gorky's plays to Britain.

Nick Dear adapted the play for a production on London's Olivier stage, part of the Royal National Theatre, in 1999. The play is set to return to the Olivier Theatre from 6 March to 29 April 2026.

Jeremy Brooks
Jeremy Brooks (17 December 1926 – 27 June 1994) was a novelist, poet, and dramatist. He is best known for his novels (particularly Jampot Smith, Henry's War and Smith, As Hero) and for his stage adaptations of classic works, particularly a series of Maxim Gorky plays for the Royal Shakespeare Company. His novels were praised for their lyricism and for their "Chekhovian mixture of comic concision and pathos". Anthony Burgess, in The Novel Now said "Jeremy Brooks has come to considerable stature in Jampot Smith and Smith, as Hero: he has created one of the few really large picaresque characters in the post-war novel."
Finite Volume Community Ocean Model
The Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM; Formerly Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model) is a prognostic, unstructured-grid, free-surface, 3-D primitive equation coastal ocean circulation model. The model is developed primarily by researchers at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and used by researchers worldwide. Originally developed for the estuarine flooding/drying process, FVCOM has been upgraded to the spherical coordinate system for basin and global applications.

University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (UMass Dartmouth or UMassD) is a public research university in Dartmouth, Massachusetts. It is the southernmost  campus of the University of Massachusetts system. Formerly "Southeastern Massachusetts University" (known locally as "SMU"), it was merged into the University of Massachusetts system in 1991.

The campus has an overall student body of 8,513 students (school year 2019–2020), including 6,841 undergraduates and 1,672 graduate/law students. As of the 2019–2020 academic year, UMass Dartmouth had 402 full-time faculty on staff. The Dartmouth campus also includes the University of Massachusetts School of Law. UMass Dartmouth is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university has nine colleges including law, engineering, art & science and honors college, each having several departments.
Kızılin, Nizip
Kızılin is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nizip, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 296 in 2022. The village is Yazidi.

Nizip
Nizip (Medieval Greek: Nisibis or Nisibina; Ottoman Turkish: نزيب) is a municipality and district of Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its area is 944 km2, and its population is 148,386 (2022).

It is located 45 km from the city of Gaziantep, 95 km from Şanlıurfa (Edessa), and 35 km from Karkamış.
Los Super Seven (album)
Los Super Seven is a studio album released by supergroup Los Super Seven. It was released in September 15, 1998, by RCA Nashville. Freddy Fender and Flaco Jiménez, both from Texas Tornados, formed Los Super Seven, with Joe Ely, Rick Trevino, David Hidalgo and Cesar Rosas (of Los Lobos fame), and Tejano vocalist Ruben Ramos. The album peaked at number one in the Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart and reached top ten in the Billboard Top Latin Song chart. Los Super Seven earned them the Grammy Award for Best Mexican-American Performance at the 41st Grammy Awards. A portion of the proceeds of the album was donated to the National Council of La Raza, a non-profit organization that represents Latino interests and causes.

Rick Trevino
Ricardo Treviño Jr. (born May 16, 1971), known professionally as Rick Trevino, is an American country music artist. Signed to Columbia Nashville in 1993, Trevino began his career that year with the release of his debut single "Just Enough Rope", the first mainstream country music single to feature separate English and Spanish versions. The song was included  on his debut album Dos Mundos; a self-titled album followed a year later. Trevino has charted a total of fourteen singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and recorded seven studio albums. His highest-charting single, "Running Out of Reasons to Run", reached No. 1 on that chart in 1996.
Miriam di San Servolo
Miriam di San Servolo (born Maria Petacci; 31 May 1923 – 24 May 1991) was an Italian actress, born in Rome, Italy.

Her elder sister, Clara Petacci, Benito Mussolini's mistress, was executed along with their brother Marcello on 28 April 1945. After the Second World War she emigrated to Francoist Spain where she continued to appear in films for several years.

Clara Petacci
Clara "Claretta" Petacci (Italian: [klaˈretta peˈtattʃi]; 28 February 1912 – 28 April 1945) was a mistress of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. She was killed by Italian partisans during Mussolini's summary execution.
Valve (mollusc)
A valve is each articulating part of the shell of a mollusc or another multi-shelled animal such as brachiopods and some crustaceans. Each part is known as a valve or in the case of chitons, a "plate". Members of two classes of molluscs, the Bivalvia (clams) and the Polyplacophora (chitons), have valves.

Species within one family of very unusual small sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropods in the family Juliidae, also have two articulating shells or valves, which resemble those of a bivalve. This exceptional family is commonly known as the bivalved gastropods. Gastropods in general are sometimes called "univalves", because in those that have a shell, the shell is usually in one part.

Berthelinia
Berthelinia is a genus of gastropod belonging to the family Juliidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Berthelinia australis (Burn, 1960)

Berthelinia babai (Burn, 1965)

Berthelinia caribbea Edmunds, 1963

Berthelinia chloris (Dall, 1918)

Berthelinia corallensis (Hedley, 1920)

Berthelinia darwini Jensen, 1997

Berthelinia elegans Crosse, 1875

Berthelinia fijiensis (Burn, 1966)

Berthelinia ganapati Sarma, 1975

Berthelinia limax (Kawaguti & Baba, 1959)

† Berthelinia oligocaenica Janssen, 1979

Berthelinia pseudochloris Kay, 1964

Berthelinia rottnesti Jensen, 1993

Berthelinia schlumbergeri Dautzenberg, 1895

Berthelinia singaporensis K.Jensen, 2015

Berthelinia typica (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1911)

Berthelinia waltairensis Sarma, 1975
Atazanavir/cobicistat
Atazanavir/cobicistat, sold under the brand name Evotaz, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. It contains atazanavir and cobicistat. Atazanavir is an HIV protease inhibitor and cobicistat is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes of the CYP3A family.

Atazanavir/cobicistat was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in United States in January 2015. It was authorized for medical use in the European Union in July 2015.

CYP3A
Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, also known as CYP3A, is a human gene locus. A homologous locus is found in mice. These genes encode monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids as well as drug metabolism.

The CYP3A locus includes all the known members of the 3A subfamily of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of genes. The CYP3A cluster consists of four genes:

CYP3A4,

CYP3A5,

CYP3A7, and

CYP3A43.

The region also contains four pseudogenes:

CYP3A51P,

CYP3A52P,

CYP3A54P, and

CYP3A137P.

as well as several extra exons which may or may not be included in transcripts produced from this region. Previously another CYP3A member, CYP3A3, was thought to exist; however, it is now thought that this sequence represents a transcript variant of CYP3A4.
Zhang Junjiu
Zhang Junjiu (Chinese: 张俊九; born August 1940) is a Chinese politician. He was an alternate member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 15th and 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th and 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1997 to 2002. The 14th Central Committee preceded it. It was followed by the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. This was the first Central Committee that current CCP general secretary Xi Jinping was elected to, as an alternative member.

It elected the 15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1997. Plenary sessions were held by the politburo.
Joel Guillon
Joel Guillon is a paralympic shooter from France. He has competed in three consecutive games where he won a gold medal in 1980 and silver in 1984. In his third games in 1988 he finished in eighth place.

1980 Summer Paralympics
The 1980 Summer Paralympics (Dutch: Paralympische Zomerspelen 1980), branded as the Olympics for the Disabled, were the sixth Summer Paralympic Games. They were held in Arnhem, Netherlands, from 21 to 30 June 1980.
18th Space Defense Squadron
The 18th Space Defense Squadron (18 SDS) is a United States Space Force Space Domain Awareness unit located at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California. The 18th SDS is tasked with executing command and control of the space surveillance network (SSN), maintaining the resident space object (RSO) database and managing United States Space Command's space situational awareness (SSA) sharing program to United States, foreign government, commercial, and academic entities. The squadron also conducts advanced analysis, sensor optimization, conjunction assessment, human spaceflight support, reentry/break-up assessment, and launch analysis.

Resident space object
A resident space object (RSO) is a natural or artificial object that orbits another celestial body. For example, it may orbit the Sun, Earth, or Mars. The term RSO is most often applied to Earth-orbiting objects, in which case the possible orbit classifications for an object are low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), high Earth orbit (HEO) or geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO).
Blood Games (film)
Blood Games is a 1990 American exploitation film directed by Tanya Rosenberg and starring Gregory Cummins, Laura Albert, and Shelley Abblett. The film concerns the plight of a stranded all-girl baseball team.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.
Waveshaper (musician)
Tom Andersson (born 26 September 1984), known professionally as Waveshaper, is a Swedish electronic musician specialising in synthwave. Inspired by artists like Jean-Michel Jarre, Kraftwerk and Daft Punk, as well as 80s movie soundtracks, his music is retrofuturistic and is composed with a variety of hardware synthesizers, including the ARP 2600, Roland Jupiter-4, and Korg MS-20. He released his debut album Tracks To The Future on the label Lunar Boogie in 2013,  and the EP Sounds That Kill on Telefuture Records in 2014. In 2015, he released the four-track vinyl record Solar Drifter on the Swedish synthwave label Rad Rush Records.

Andersson also featured in the 2019 documentary film The Rise of the Synths which explored the origins and growth of the Synthwave genre, appearing alongside various other composers from the scene, including Carpenter Brut. John Carpenter also starred in and narrated the film.

The Rise of the Synths
The Rise of the Synths (Spanish: La rebelión de los sintes) is a 2019 documentary film written and directed by Iván Castell and narrated by filmmaker and composer John Carpenter. The film explores the origins and growth of the electronic music genre known as synthwave, charting its rise in popularity from the underground online music scene to its recent mainstream exposure, following use in retro-themed soundtracks, notably the 2011 film Drive and more recently, the television series Stranger Things.

It is the first feature documentary exploring this underground subculture.
Mohammad-Reza Tavassoli
Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Tavassoli (Persian: محمدرضا توسلی) (1931–2008) was an influential Iranian theologian, reformist politician, and a close associate of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.Tavassoli was a member of the Expediency Discernment Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran.  He belonged to the Militant Clerics League.  Ayatollah Tavassoli simultaneously held a seat in the 3rd Assembly of Experts.

Tavassoli died on 16 February 2008, from a heart attack, while delivering a speech to the Expediency Council. He was 77 years old at the time of his death.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
MicroMUSE
MicroMUSE is a MUD started in 1990. It is based on the TinyMUSE system, which allows members to interact in a virtual environment called Cyberion City, as well as to create objects and modify their environment.  MicroMUSE was conceived as an environment to allow people in far-flung locations to interact with each other, particularly college students with Internet access.  A core group of users remain active.

Virtual environment
A virtual environment is a networked application that allows a user to interact with both the computing environment and the work of other users. Email, chat, and web-based document sharing applications are all examples of virtual environments.  Simply put, it is a networked common operating space.  Once the fidelity of the virtual environment is such that it "creates a psychological state in which the individual perceives himself or herself as existing within the virtual environment" (Blascovich, 2002, p. 129) then the virtual environment (VE) has progressed into the realm of immersive virtual environments (IVEs).
2022–23 South Dakota Coyotes men's basketball team
The 2022–23 South Dakota Coyotes men's basketball team represented the University of South Dakota in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Coyotes, led by first-year head coach Eric Peterson, played their home games at the Sanford Coyote Sports Center in Vermillion, South Dakota as members of the Summit League.

The Coyotes finished the season 12–19, 7–11 in Summit League play, to finish in sixth place. The Coyotes lost to North Dakota State in the quarterfinals of the Summit League tournament.

2022–23 Summit League men's basketball season
The 2022–23 Summit League men's basketball season started non-conference play on November 7, 2022, and began conference play on December 19, 2022. The regular season ended on February 25, 2023, and the 2023 Summit League men's basketball tournament from March 3 to March 7, 2023.

Oral Roberts finished league play with a perfect 18–0 record, the second time that has happened in the Summit League's history and second year in a row a team has finished with a perfect league record (South Dakota State).
In the postseason, Oral Roberts made the 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament as a 12 seed. They lost to Duke in the first round.
Jacob Nolde
Jacob Nolde (February 28, 1859 – November 22, 1916) was an American industrialist and environmentalist who was largely responsible for the creation of Nolde Forest Environmental Education Center, a Pennsylvania state park in Berks County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Nolde was an emigrants from the German Empire who came to the United States in 1880. He was born in 1859 in Berleburg, Kingdom of Prussia. Nolde may have been descended from a family of foresters, but this fact is unclear. It is thought that his grandfather was a forester who cared for one of the many "beautifully manicured princely forests" of 18th and 19th century Germany. Nolde may have been inspired by the forests of his native land when he began the project of creating a coniferous forest on his property in Cumru Township just south of Reading.

Cumru Township, Pennsylvania
Cumru Township (pronounced "KOOM-roo") is a township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 15,638 at the 2020 census. Nolde Forest Environmental Education Center, a Pennsylvania state park, is in Cumru Township.
Qirqqiz Fortress
The Qirqqiz Fortress (Uzbek: Qirqqiz qal'asi; meaning: forty girls) is a historical monument in Uzbekistan, the first Islamic academy for girls - located in Surxondaryo region (9-10th centuries). It is preserved in a ruined state in Termiz District . There is no information about the purpose of its construction (fortress, palace, khanqah, caravanserai). There are various hypotheses by researchers about the function of this monument. It is suggested that it was a remote palace, a girls’ madrasa, a khanqah, a caravanserai and other possibilities. The fact that it was located outside the city of Termez in the Middle Ages indicates that the fortress served as an outpost outside the city. It was built in a rigid monumental style according to the directions of the world.

It is currently included in the list of material cultural heritage of Uzbekistan of republican significance.

Sufi lodge
A Sufi lodge is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or tariqa and is a place for spiritual practice and religious education. They include structures also known as khānaqāh, zāwiya, ribāṭ, dargāh and takya depending on the region, language and period (see § Terminology). In Shia Islam, the Husayniyya has a similar function.

The Sufi lodge is typically a large structure with a central hall and smaller rooms on either side. Traditionally, the Sufi lodge was state-sponsored housing for Sufis. Their primary function is to provide them with a space to practice social lives of asceticism. Buildings intended for public services, such as hospitals, kitchens, and lodging, are often attached to them. Sufi lodges were funded by Ayyubid sultans in Syria, Zangid sultans in Egypt, and Delhi sultans in India in return for Sufi support of their regimes.
Ō Mō
Ō Mō (王 茂, ? – ?), also known as Wang Mao, was a politician and diplomat of Ryukyu Kingdom.

Ō Mō was of Ming Chinese ancestry and lived in Kumemura.  His name first appeared in the year 1398.  According to Chūzan Seifu, he went to Ming China to pay tribute in 1398, at that time his official position was "the Chief Clerk (長史) of Chūzan".  But according to Rekidai Hōan, we could know that he drafted diplomatic instrument for both Chūzan and Nanzan.  His relationship between these two countries was still not clear.

He was appointed Kokushō (国相, "Chief Minister") by King Shō Shishō in 1411.

Shishō
Shishō (思紹, r. 1407–1421),  or Shō Shishō (尚思紹) in later sources, was Anji of Sashiki and later King of Chūzan, one of three polities on the island of Okinawa, before they were united. He was the progenitor of what became the First Shō dynasty.
Battle of Basra (1991)
The Battle of Basra was fought in the beginning of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings following the Gulf War. The battle started after demoralized troops throughout Iraq began to rebel against Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime, in particular after a tank driver in Basra fired at a public portrait of Saddam Hussein. Basra became a chaotic battlefield between military defectors and Republican Guard, with most of the fighting taking place at close quarters. Most of Basra had been retaken by mid March, but rebels in parts such as Tanuma managed to hold out until mid April. After Ba'athist forces had regained control, they engaged in a crackdown against civilians and suspected supporters of the uprising.

Iraqi Republican Guard
The Iraqi Republican Guard (IRG; Arabic: حرس العراق الجمهوري, romanized: Ḥaras al-ʿIrāq al-Jamhūrīy) was a branch of the Iraqi military from 1969 to 2003, which existed primarily during the presidency of Saddam Hussein. Initially a praetorian guard unit tasked with the sole purpose to protect the president of Iraq, it grew exponentially during the Iran-Iraq War, transforming into an elite force of the Iraqi Armed Forces. It later became known as the Republican Guard Corps, and then the Republican Guard Forces Command (RGFC) with its expansion into two corps. The Republican Guard was disbanded in 2003 after the invasion of Iraq by a U.S.-led international coalition.

The Republican Guard were the elite troops of the Iraqi army directly reporting to Hussein, unlike the paramilitary force Fedayeen Saddam, and the regular Iraqi Army. They were better trained, disciplined, equipped, and had higher salaries than ordinary Iraqi soldiers, receiving bonuses, new cars, and subsidized housing.