hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Coast lumber trade
The West Coast lumber trade was a maritime trade route on the West Coast of the United States. It carried lumber from the coasts of Northern California, Oregon, and Washington mainly to the port of San Francisco. The trade included direct foreign shipment from ports of the Pacific Northwest and might include another product characteristic of the region, salmon, as in the schooner Henry Wilson sailing from Washington state for Australia with "around 500,000 feet of lumber and canned salmon" in 1918.

The trade was instrumental in founding shipping empires such as the Dollar Steamship Company in which its founder, Captain Robert Dollar, emigrated from Scotland, worked in the lumber camps of Canada and, after moving to San Francisco in 1888 and buying timber tracts, founded a shipping line that extended to China.

Logging camp
A logging camp (or lumber camp) is a transitory work site used in the logging industry. Before the second half of the 20th century, these camps were the primary place where lumberjacks would live and work to fell trees in a particular area. Many place names (e.g. Bockman Lumber Camp, Whitestone Logging Camp, Camp Douglas) are legacies of old logging camps. Camps were often placed next to river tributaries so that the winter's log harvest could be floated to the lumbermills in the spring.
Mining in Colorado Springs, Colorado
In the mid-19th century, Colorado Springs was a center of mining industry activity. Coal was mined in 50 mines in the area and towns, now annexed to Colorado Springs, were established to support residents of the coal mining industry.

It was the home to gold and silver mine investors, like Winfield Scott Stratton and William Jackson Palmer. The Midland Terminal and Colorado Midland Railways were established in Colorado Springs to transported metals and ores and people from mountain towns. Once in Colorado Springs, ore was smelted there. People and goods were transported on the Railways to and from Colorado Springs, as well as on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad.

Mine workers typically lived on the west side of town, like Old Colorado City, while investors lived in the Old North End.

Gold mining in Colorado
Gold mining in Colorado, a state of the United States, has been an industry since 1858. It also played a key role in the establishment of the state of Colorado.

Explorer Zebulon Pike heard a report of gold in South Park, present-day Park County, Colorado, in 1807.

Gold discoveries in Colorado began around Denver; prospectors traced the placer gold to its source in the mountains west of Denver, then followed the Colorado Mineral Belt in a southwest direction across the state to its terminus in the San Juan Mountains.  The Cripple Creek district, far from the mineral belt, was one of the last gold districts to be discovered and is still in production.
Frithjof Fearnley
Frithjof Fearnley (December 16, 1896 – April 18, 1971) was a Norwegian actor.

Fearnley was born in Kristiania (now Oslo). He debuted in 1920 in a traveling theater with Hauk Aabel and Harald Stormoen, and he later worked at Chat Noir, the Mayol Theater, the Casino Theater, the National Theater in Bergen, the Trøndelag Theater, the Central Theater, and the National Traveling Theater, and in a number of private traveling theaters. He performed extensively in lighter repertoire, but he also played Aegeus in Medea, Mephistopheles in Faust, and Professor Higgins in Pygmalion. He was also popular in comedy roles, such as Preben in På solsiden and the church servant Evensen in Den store barnedåpen. As an actor, he was active until shortly before his death. He was married to the actress Randi Brænne for a time.

Aegeus
Aegeus (/ˈiːdʒi.əs/ ⓘ, /ˈiːdʒuːs/; Ancient Greek: Αἰγεύς, romanized: Aigeús) was one of the kings of Athens in Greek mythology, who gave his name to the Aegean Sea, was the father of Theseus, and founded Athenian institutions.
Alcázar CF
Alcázar Club de Fútbol was a Spanish football team based in Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Founded in 1953 and dissolved in 1975, they last played in Primera Regional Ordinaria Castellana, holding home games at Estadio Municipal de Alcázar, with a capacity of 5,000 seats.

Province of Ciudad Real
The province of Ciudad Real (Spanish: [θjuˈðað reˈal] ⓘ) is a province in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Cuenca, Albacete, Jaén, Córdoba, Badajoz, and Toledo. It is partly located in the old natural region of La Mancha. Its capital is Ciudad Real. It is the third largest province by area in all of Spain, after Cáceres and Badajoz. The historic comarca Campo de Calatrava is located in the center of the province.
Death Whisperer
Death Whisperer (also known locally as Tee Yod; Thai: ธี่หยด) is a 2023 Thai supernatural horror film directed by Taweewat Wantha, starring Nadech Kugimiya, Rattanawadee Wongthong, Denise Jelilcha Kapaun, Karj-bundit Jaidee, Peerakit Patcharabunyakiat, Arisara Wongchalee and Paramet Noi-um. Produced by Major Join Film and BEC World, a joint venture of BEC World (Channel 3) and Major Join Film.

BEC World
BEC World Public Company Limited (Thai: บริษัท บีอีซี เวิลด์ จำกัด (มหาชน)), doing business as BEC World, is a Thai media conglomerate, best known as the operator of television Channel 3. It was founded in 1990 and listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1995, though the group began doing business in 1967 as Bangkok Entertainment Co., Ltd., now a subsidiary. The business was founded by Vichai Maleenont, and continues to be majorly owned by the Maleenont family, though the company underwent major restructuring in the 2010s in response to major losses following landscape changes in the broadcast industry. Over time, the business gradually expanded, leading to the growth of content businesses, such as the Global Content Licensing division and the establishment of BEC Studio and BEC Music.
Alpheus Jones House
Alpheus Jones House, also known as Seth Jones 1847 Restaurant, is a historic home located near Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina.  It was built in 1847, and is a two-story, rectangular, vernacular Greek Revival-style frame dwelling with a hipped roof. It is sheathed in weatherboard, sits on an ashlar foundation, and has a rear extension and kitchen wing.  The front facade features a reconstructed two-story double Doric order portico. The house was restored in 1968, and renovated to house a restaurant.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Wake County, North Carolina
Wake County, officially the County of Wake, is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,129,410, making it North Carolina's most populous county. From July 2005 to July 2006, Wake County was the 9th-fastest growing county in the United States, with Cary and Raleigh being the 8th- and 15th-fastest growing communities, respectively.

Its county seat is Raleigh, which is also the state capital. Eleven other municipalities are in Wake County, the largest of which is the town of Cary, the third-most populous city of the Research Triangle region and the seventh-most populous municipality in North Carolina.

It is governed by the Wake County Board of Commissioners, coterminous with the Wake County Public School System, with law enforcement provided by the Wake County Sheriff's Department. It is also part of the wider Triangle J Council of Governments, which governs regional planning.
Makino Tadahiro
Makino Tadahiro  (牧野 忠寛, October 8, 1741 – August 5, 1766) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Edo period, the 8th hereditary daimyō of Nagaoka Domain.

The Makino were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.

Tokugawa clan
The Tokugawa clan (徳川氏, Tokugawa-shi, Tokugawa-uji; Japanese pronunciation: [to.kɯꜜ.ɡa.wa, -ŋa.wa, -kɯ.ɡa.waꜜ.ɕi, -ŋa.waꜜ-]) is a Japanese samurai clan and dynasty which produced the Tokugawa shoguns who ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868 during the Edo period. It was formerly a powerful daimyō family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of the clan remains a mystery. Nominally, the Matsudaira clan is said to be descended from the Nitta clan, a branch of the Minamoto clan, but this is considered to be untrue or unlikely.
Åkerman
Åkerman is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gustaf Åkerman (1888–1959), Swedish economist

Gustav Åkerman (1901–1988), Swedish Army lieutenant general

Johan Åkerman (born 1972), Swedish ice hockey player

Johan Harmenberg Åkerman (born 1954), Swedish Olympic champion fencer

Lisbeth Åkerman (born 1967), Swedish journalist

Malin Åkerman (born 1978), Swedish-Canadian model and actress

Gustav Åkerman
Lieutenant General Karl Gustav "Gugge" Åkerman (20 October 1901 – 24 May 1988) was a senior Swedish Army officer. Åkerman had a distinguished military career in Sweden. He began as a second lieutenant in the Göta Life Guards in 1923 and later became a captain in the General Staff in 1936. He served as a teacher at the Royal Swedish Army Staff College, held various positions, and was promoted to major general in 1957. He served as Chief of the Army Staff and the General Staff Corps until 1961. Åkerman later became a lieutenant general and served as the military commander of IV Military District and Commandant General in Stockholm, with further roles including Chief of His Majesty's Military Staff from 1969 to 1973.
CTL
CTL can refer to:

Champions Tennis League, a tennis championship league in India

Chronic training load, cumulative sports training

Circuit Total Limitation, US standard for electrical panels

Coal to liquids, coal liquefaction

Combat Tank, Light such as the Marmon-Herrington CTLS

Commission de transport de la Ville de Laval

Complex Text Layout in typesetting

Core Transfer Library, a list of college courses for transfer credit among educational institutions in Indiana

Cut-to-length logging

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

Constructive total loss, in marine insurance

Champions Tennis League
The Champions Tennis League (CTL) was a team tennis tournament in India held two times only in November 2014 and in late 2015, across six Indian cities. The first edition of Champions Tennis League was held from 17 to 26 November 2014, across Mumbai, Hyderabad, Delhi, Pune, Bangalore, and Chandigarh. The second edition was held from 23 November to 6 December 2015.
John Watts (Royal Navy officer)
John Watts (1755–1801) was a Royal Navy officer.
He served as a midshipman in Resolution on James Cook's third voyage to the Pacific in 1776–1780.  In 1787–1789, while on leave from the navy, he sailed as a passenger on Lady Penrhyn with the First Fleet to New South Wales, and acted as supercargo on the return voyage to England via Canton.

Extracts from Watts's journal of the First Fleet voyage appear in The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay, as do three plates after his sketches.

Lady Penrhyn (1786 ship)
Lady Penrhyn was a British-built slave ship which took part in the First Fleet carrying transported convicts for the European colonisation of Australia.

Built on the River Thames in 1786, Lady Penrhyn was designed as a two-deck ship for use in the Atlantic slave trade, with a capacity of 275 slaves. She was part-owned by William Compton Sever, who served as ship's master on her voyage to Australia, and by London alderman and sea-biscuit manufacturer William Curtis. For her first voyage she transported convicts to New South Wales as part of the First Fleet. On her voyage back to Britain she was the first European vessel to pass by the Kermadec Islands, and the Penrhyn Atoll in the Cook Islands. She also carried a cargo for the British East India Company (EIC). The French captured her in the West Indies in 1811 and scuttled her.
Brigg and Scunthorpe
Brigg and Scunthorpe was a parliamentary constituency centred on the towns of Brigg and Scunthorpe in Humberside.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the February 1974 general election, mostly from the former seat of Brigg, and abolished for the 1983 general election, when it was partially replaced by the new constituencies of Brigg & Cleethorpes and Glanford & Scunthorpe.

Glanford and Scunthorpe (UK Parliament constituency)
Glanford and Scunthorpe was a parliamentary constituency centred on the borough of Glanford and the town of Scunthorpe in Humberside.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Calothamnus planifolius
Calothamnus planifolius  is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with many branches, growing to a height of about 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) with flat leaves and red flowers from September to November. The flowers have 4 petals and 4 narrow bundles of stamens. (In 2014 Craven, Edwards and Cowley proposed that the species be renamed Melaleuca planifolia.)

The species was first formally described by Johann Lehmmann in 1842 in Delectus Seminum quae in Horto Hamburgensium botanico e collectione.

Calothamnus planifolius occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest biogeographic regions where it grows in gravelly clay over laterite. It is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

Johann Georg Christian Lehmann
Johann Georg Christian Lehmann (25 February 1792 – 12 February 1860) was a German botanist.

Born at Haselau, near Uetersen, Holstein, Lehmann studied medicine in Copenhagen and Göttingen, obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1813 and a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena in 1814. He spent the rest of his life as professor of physics and natural sciences, and head librarian, at the Gymnasium Academicum in Hamburg.

A prolific monographist of apparently quarrelsome character, he was a member of 26 learned societies and the founder of the Hamburg Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Hamburg, now the Alter Botanischer Garten Hamburg). Lehmann died at Hamburg in 1860.

Some of Lehmann's later illustrations were executed by the German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen.
Botanical specimens collected by Lehmann are cared for at institutions including the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL), Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria.
Joe Wostoupal
Joseph Wostoupal Jr. (January 1, 1903 – July 31, 1966) was an American professional football player who played offensive lineman for four seasons for the Kansas City Cowboys, Detroit Panthers, and New York Giants.

Kansas City Cowboys (NFL)
The Kansas City Cowboys were a National Football League team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The team was founded as the Kansas City Blues in 1924, and as the Kansas City Cowboys in 1925 and 1926. The Blues competed as a traveling team, playing all of their NFL games in other cities' stadiums in their only year under that name. LeRoy Andrews acted as the team's player-coach.
Micarea phylicae
Micarea phylicae is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ectolechiaceae. Found in the Tristan da Cunha–Gough Island, it was described as a new species in 2010 by Dag Øvstedal, as Szczawinskia phylicae. The type specimen was collected during the Norwegian Tristan da Cunha expedition of 1937–1938. Captain Erling Christophersen and botanical assistant Yngvar Mejland found the specimen above Sandy Point in Tristan da Cunha, where it was growing on Island Cape myrtle (Phylica arborea) at an altitude of 300 m (980 ft). The species was reclassified in the genus Micarea in 2026.

Ectolechiaceae
The Ectolechiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. The family was first described by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1905, originally for a group of tropical, leaf-dwelling lichens. Its scope has since expanded considerably, and the family now encompasses both tropical genera such as Byssoloma and Calopadia and the large, predominantly temperate-to-arctic genus Micarea. As of 2026, the family contains more than 30 genera and an estimated 470 species.
Horseshoe Bay, Queensland
Horseshoe Bay is a bay, town and suburb on Magnetic Island in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is a major tourist accommodation and recreation centre on the island. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Horseshoe Bay had a population of 611 people.

City of Townsville
The City of Townsville is a local government area (LGA) located in North Queensland, Australia. It encompasses the city of Townsville, together with the surrounding rural areas. To the south are the communities of Alligator Creek, Woodstock and Reid River, and to the north are Northern Beaches and Paluma. Also included is Magnetic Island. In June 2018 the area had a population of 194,072, and is the 28th-largest LGA in Australia. Townsville is considered to be the unofficial capital of North Queensland.

In the 2021 census, the City of Townsville had a population of 192,768 people.
Ins railway station
Ins railway station (German: Bahnhof Ins); (French: Gare d'Anet) is a railway station in the municipality of Ins, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is located at the junction of standard gauge Bern–Neuchâtel line of BLS AG and the standard gauge Fribourg–Ins line of Swiss Federal Railways. Aare Seeland mobil also serves the station on its 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Biel–Täuffelen–Ins line.

Bern–Neuchâtel railway
The Bern–Neuchâtel railway is a Swiss railway that was opened on 1 July 1901 by the Bern–Neuchâtel Railway (Bern-Neuenburg-Bahn). It is now part of the BLS AG network and is also called the Direkt Linie (direct line), because it crosses the Grand Marais in an almost straight line. In addition, the connection is part of the shortest railway line between Bern and Paris.
Paek Hak-rim
Paek Hak-rim (October 1918 – October 5, 2006) was the Deputy Director of the North Korean Ministry of Public Security.  He occupied a number of high-ranking positions, including serving from 1998 to 2003 on the National Defense Commission. He was also the Minister of People's Security from 1998 to 2003.

National Defense Commission (North Korea)
The National Defense Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (NDC) was the highest state institution for military and national defense leadership in North Korea, which also served as the highest governing institution of the country from 1998 until 2016 when it was replaced by the State Affairs Commission.
142 Special Operations Wing
142 Special Operations Wing is a paramilitary special forces unit of the Frontier Corps Balochistan (South) in Pakistan.

Information about the unit is generally classified, and the unit is rarely mentioned by officials. There was a brief mention in June 2017 when the unit participated in a raid on a suspected militant base in Mastung, Balochistan. It was also the subject of some media attention in January 2018 when a cadre of new recruits completed their training at Khuzdar. The passing out ceremony was attended by a very senior Army general, Asim Saleem Bajwa, who was the military commander for the southwest of Pakistan at the time.

The unit has been involved in anti-drugs operations. In 2011-2012, it received a number of drug-testing kits, through a United Nations programme, to assist in their work against drug smuggling.

Passing out (military)
Passing out is the official graduation ceremony following the completion of a course by military or other uniformed service personnel at their respective training school, college, or military academy, largely in Commonwealth nations.  Soldiers, sailors, or airmen take part in a passing out military parade upon completion of a basic training course.  The military parade during the 'passing out' ceremony may also consist of military bands, and other displays of synchronisation discipline such as a flypast, which may also include aerobatics.
Vittorio Capparelli
Vittorio Capparelli is a politician in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He served on the Montreal city council from 1986 to 1998 and was a member of the Montreal executive committee (i.e., the municipal cabinet) from 1994 to 1996.

Montreal City Council
The Montreal City Council (French: Conseil municipal de Montréal) is the governing body in the mayor–council government in the city of Montreal, Quebec. The head of the city government in Montreal is the mayor, who is first among equals in the city council. The council is a democratically elected institution and is the final decision-making authority in the city, although much power is centralized in the executive committee. The council consists of 65 members from all boroughs of the city. The council has jurisdiction over many matters, including public security, agreements with other governments, subsidy programs, the environment, urban planning, and a three-year capital expenditure program. The city council is also required to supervise, standardize or approve certain decisions made by the borough councils.
Camp Sundown
Camp Sundown is an American summer camp in Craryville, New York for children with extreme sun sensitivity, including conditions like xeroderma pigmentosum, erythropoietic protoporphyria, and actinic prurigo. All activities are held after sundown, to ensure that the children are not injured by the ultraviolet radiation from the rays of the sun.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (or commonly called EPP) is a form of porphyria, which varies in severity and can be very painful.  It arises from a deficiency in the enzyme ferrochelatase, leading to abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin in the red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, skin, and liver. The severity varies significantly from individual to individual.

A clinically similar form of porphyria, known as X-Linked dominant protoporphyria, was identified in 2008.
Marc Wolfgang Miller
Marc Edward Wolfgang Miller (born in Lancaster, Ohio) is an American doctor of neuropsychology, explorer, and writer. Miller was chief of neuropsychology at Good Samaritan Hospital for 25 years and is currently in private practice. He has led over 30 expeditions around the world in search of rare or extinct animals with his friend Bill Cacciolfi. Jack Hanna once said that "Marc is an adventurer in the true sense of the word and among the great explorers of our times."

Jack Hanna
Jack Bushnell Hanna (born January 2, 1947) is an American retired zookeeper and director emeritus of the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium in Ohio. Commonly nicknamed "Jungle Jack", he was director of the zoo from 1978 to 1992, and is viewed as largely responsible for elevating its quality and reputation. His various television shows and media appearances, particularly with Johnny Carson, David Letterman, James Corden, Good Morning America, and Maury Povich have made him one of the most notable animal experts in the United States. A 2021 documentary, The Conservation Game, alleged that Hanna participated in the mistreatment and private trade of exotic and endangered animals.