hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bishop Gunn
Bishop Gunn was a 4-piece blues Americana rock and roll country band from Natchez, Mississippi. It consisted of Travis McCready, Ben Lewis, Burne Sharpe, and Drew Smithers. Bishop Gunn was influenced by artists such as Wilson Pickett, Lynyrd Skynyrd and Soundgarden. The band was named after a tombstone they saw in Natchez, that was over the resting place of the sixth Bishop of Natchez, John Edward Gunn. The band suspended activity February 20, 2020.

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Pharmacology & Therapeutics is a monthly medical review journal published by Elsevier. It incorporates Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Part A: Chemotherapy, Toxicology and Metabolic Inhibitors and Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Part B: General and Systematic Pharmacology, both originally published by Oxford University Press.

The journal is included in Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 12.0.

The editor-in-chief is Sam J. Enna (University of Kansas Medical Center).

Index Medicus
Index Medicus (IM) was a comprehensive bibliographic index of life science, biomedical science, and medical research articles, published from 1879 to 2004. Medical history experts have said of Index Medicus that it is “America's greatest contribution to medical knowledge.” It was published as a print index until 2004; beginning in the 1960s, it was also published as an electronic database, MEDLARS. Index Medicus content from 1940s to 2004 was incorporated into MEDLINE and PubMed; older medical literature, however, is not electronically available. Today, the title Index Medicus is also used to refer to a curated subset of Pubmed.
KCET
KCET (channel 28) is a secondary PBS member television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is owned by the Public Media Group of Southern California alongside the market's primary PBS member, Huntington Beach–licensed KOCE-TV (channel 50). The two stations share studios at The Pointe (on West Alameda Avenue and Bob Hope Drive, between The Burbank Studios and Walt Disney Studios complexes) in Burbank; KCET's transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson in the San Gabriel Mountains (north of Sierra Madre).

The Burbank Studios
The Burbank Studios (formerly known as NBC Studios) is a television production facility located in Burbank, California, United States. The studio is home to Days of Our Lives, Extra, the IHeartRadio Theater, and was formerly home to Blizzard Arena (home of the Overwatch League).
KCWA
KCWA (93.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Loveland, Colorado, United States. It is owned by the WAY-FM Network, through licensee Hope Media Group. Its studios are in Longmont, and its transmitter is on Milner Mountain northwest of Loveland.

Longmont, Colorado
Longmont is a home rule city located in Boulder and Weld counties, Colorado, United States. Its population was 98,885 as of the 2020 U.S. census.  Longmont is located northeast of the county seat of Boulder. It is named after Longs Peak, a prominent mountain that is clearly visible from the city (mont means "mountain" in French).
Louis Guisto Field (1928)
Louis Guisto Field is a baseball venue in Moraga, California, United States.  It was home to the Saint Mary's Gaels college baseball team of the NCAA Division I West Coast Conference from 1928 to 2011.  Named for former Gaels baseball player and coach Louis Guisto, the field has a capacity of 1,000 spectators. Before being named for Guisto, the field was known as Brother Agon Field.

Moraga, California
Moraga is a town in Contra Costa County, California, United States. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, the town is named in honor of Joaquín Moraga, member of the famed Californio family. As of 2020, Moraga had a total population of 16,870 people. Moraga is the home of Saint Mary's College of California.
Paul Delair
Paul Alexandre Delair (24 October 1842 – 19 January 1894) was a 19th-century French playwright, poet, chansonnier and novelist.

An administrator at the Académie des Beaux-Arts, he took an active part to the organization of the Exposition universelle of 1889. His plays were presented on the most important Parisian stages of the 19th-century, including the Théâtre du Vaudeville and the Comédie-Française.

Académie des Beaux-Arts
The Académie des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [akademi de boz‿aʁ]; lit. 'Academy of Fine Arts') is a French learned society based in Paris. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. As of 2025, the president of the academy is Coline Serreau, a French actress and film director.
Thornton State Beach
Thornton State Beach is a protected beach in the state park system of California, United States.  It is located on the Pacific coast of Daly City in the San Francisco Bay Area.   The 58-acre (23 ha) park was established in 1955.

The Mediterranean climate tends toward cold and wind, with fog common in summer.

The beach was named for the first white settler of the area, one Robert S. Thornton of Rhode Island, a blacksmith who had arrived in the San Francisco area in 1851.

The park was closed in 2009 due to damage and continued danger from landslides, but as of late 2021 is fully open.

Daly City, California
Daly City (/ˈdeɪli/) is the second-most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, and immediately south of San Francisco (sharing its northern border with almost all of San Francisco's southern border), it is named for businessman and landowner John Donald Daly.  Its population was 104,901 at the 2020 census. The racial makeup of Daly City was 57.3% Asian, 11.7% non-Hispanic White, and 23.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race in the 2020 census. Notably, 33.2% of the population of Daly City is Filipino.
Elie Nakouzi
Elie Nakouzi (born July 14, 1969) is a Lebanese-American television broadcaster and presenter with over 35 years of experience in international affairs and Middle East broadcasting. He has interviewed U.S. President George W. Bush, UK Prime Ministers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni, Pakistani General Pervez Musharraf, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, Sudanese President Omar Al-Bashir, General David Petraeus, among many other World Leaders.

Prime Minister of Iraq
The prime minister of the Republic of Iraq is the foremost executive of the Iraqi government and the commander-in-chief of the Iraqi Armed Forces. The premier is responsible for the general policy of the state and directs the Council of Ministers, with the power to dismiss and name any senior executive, including ministers and generals. In addition to the armed forces, the premier has direct authority over all of those intelligence and security agencies under the jurisdiction of the Office of the Prime Minister, such as the CTS and the INIS.

Under the informally adopted ethno-sectarian quota system known as Muhasasa, the position of prime minister is reserved for a Shia Muslim.

On 27 October 2022, Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani became the incumbent prime minister.
Monsters (All Time Low song)
"Monsters" is a song by American rock band All Time Low featuring Blackbear. The song was written by FRND, Kevin Fisher, Jack Barakat, Alex Gaskarth, Blackbear and Demi Lovato, and produced by Zakk Cervini and Gaskarth. The song was originally released on April 3, 2020, by Fueled by Ramen, as part of the band's eighth studio album Wake Up, Sunshine. Following 11 weeks at number one on Billboard's Alternative Airplay chart, the song was re-released with vocals by Demi Lovato on December 4, 2020. It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 88 and peaked at number 55.

Andrew Goldstein (musician)
Andrew Goldstein (born March 17, 1986) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was born in Reston, Virginia, and attended James Madison University, graduating in 2008.

Goldstein began his career by singing in the band The Friday Night Boys on Fueled by Ramen. He has worked across genres with a wide array of artists, including Maroon 5, Megan Thee Stallion, Katy Perry, Tate McRae, Addison Rae, Linkin Park, Britney Spears, Demi Lovato, 5 Seconds of Summer, Blink-182, Kane Brown, blackbear, Yungblud, Reneé Rapp, LANY, and ILLENIUM. He also releases music as a solo artist and is sometimes credited under the name FRND (disemvoweling of "friend").
Leucadendron tradouwense
Leucadendron tradouwense, the Tradouw conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub belonging to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape, where it occurs in the Langeberg Range at the Tradouws Pass and Groot Vadersbos. The plant is rare, there are only two known populations.

The shrub grows to 2 m in height and flowers in June. The plant dies in fires but the seeds survive. The seeds are stored in a toll on the female plant and fall out of the toll ground after two months, where they are spread by rodents. The plant is unisexual and there are separate plants with male and female flowers, which are pollinated by small towers. The plant grows mainly on steep, southern slopes in sandstone soil at 160–180 m.

In Afrikaans it known as Tradouwtolbos.

Langeberg
The Langeberg Range is a mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its highest peak is Keeromsberg at 2,072 m that lies 15 km northeast of the town of Worcester. Some of the highest peaks of the range are located just to the north of Swellendam, in a subrange known as the Clock Peaks whose highest point is the 1,710 m high Misty Point. Local lore states one can tell the time by means of the shadows cast by the seven summits of the Clock Peaks.
Tebogo Moerane
Tebogo Pholoso Moerane (born 7 April 1995) is a South African soccer player who plays as a defender. He represented South Africa in the football competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Born in Mookgophong, he has played in the South African Premier Division for Bidvest Wits, Black Leopards and Royal AM, and in the second tier for Baroka.

Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The association football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held from 3 to 20 August in Brazil.

In addition to the Olympic host city of Rio de Janeiro, matches were played in Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador, São Paulo, and Manaus. All six cities hosted matches during the 2014 World Cup, with the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange in Rio de Janeiro the only Olympic venue not to have been a World Cup venue.

Associations affiliated with FIFA might send teams to participate in the tournament. Men's teams were restricted to under-23 players (born on or after 1 January 1993) with a maximum of three overage players allowed, while there were no age restrictions on women's teams. The Games made use of about 400 footballs.
Gymnura lessae
Gymnura lessae, or Lessa's butterfly ray, is a cartilaginous fish (batoid) species of butterfly ray (Gymnura). Native to the coastlines stretching from Massachusetts, US to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. It is named after Rosângela Lessa, a prominent figure in shark and ray conservation.

Initially, G. lessae was thought to be the same species as Gymnura micrura, however and primarily because of internal morphological differences, Gymnura lessae was redescribed as a new species.

Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (/kɒnˈdrɪkθiiːz/; from Ancient Greek  χόνδρος (khóndros) 'cartilage' and  ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish') is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or bony fish, which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates.

The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates and sawfish) and Holocephali (chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class).  Extant chondrichthyans range in size from the 10 cm (3.9 in) finless sleeper ray to the over 10 m (33 ft) whale shark.
Adedayo Adebayo
Adedayo Adeyemi Adebayo listenⓘ(born 30 November 1970 in Ibadan, Nigeria) is a rugby union footballer, who played on the wing for England 9 times between 1996 and 1998. He played club rugby for Bath and Parma and then went on to coach the Scottish-based sevens side, Bone Steelers. He started for Bath in the victorious 1998 Heineken Cup Final as they defeated Brive.

1998 Heineken Cup final
The 1998 Heineken Cup Final was the final match of the 1997–98 Heineken Cup, the third season of Europe's top club rugby union competition. The match was played on 31 January 1998 at the Stade du Parc Lescure in Bordeaux. The match was contested by Bath of England and Brive of France. Bath won the match 19–18.
Dōshin
The Tōshin (同心, literally "same mind") were low-ranking officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Serving under various commissioners (Bugyō), the Kyoto Shoshidai, castle wardens, Great Guard Captains, Shoinbangashira, and the Fire and Theft Investigators (Hitsuke Tōzoku Aratame), they were subordinate to Assistant Commissioners (Yoriki) and performed duties such as general administration, patrolling, and security. Their social status was that of foot soldiers (ashigaru), meaning they did not hold full samurai rank (shibun).

Additionally, many domains (han) also used the formal title Tōshin for their domainal foot soldier class.

Following the Meiji Restoration, they were classed as Sotsuzoku.

Shimin
Shimin is a Chinese given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Alexander Shimin (born 1970), Kazakhstani former ice hockey goaltender and coach

Fang Shimin, pen name Fang Zhouzi, Chinese science writer

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang (598–649), second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China

Wang Shimin (1592–1680), Chinese landscape painter during the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty

Yan Shimin (born 1987), Chinese rower
2025 Labour Party deputy leadership election
The 2025 Labour Party deputy leadership election was triggered on 5 September 2025 by the resignation of Angela Rayner as deputy leader of the Labour Party. It was the first deputy leadership election held by Labour in government since the 2007 deputy leadership election.

The results were announced on 25 October, and Lucy Powell was elected with 54.3% of the vote, saying: "We won't win by trying to out-Reform Reform, but by building a broad progressive consensus".

Jess Phillips
Jessica Rose Phillips (née Trainor; born 9 October 1981) is a British politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Yardley since 2015. A member of the Labour Party, she has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Safeguarding and Violence Against Women and Girls since July 2024.

Phillips was appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Lucy Powell, the Shadow Education Secretary, in 2015. A vocal critic of the former Leader of the Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn, Phillips resigned as a PPS in protest over Corbyn's leadership and said she would "find it incredibly difficult" to continue as an MP if Corbyn were re-elected as Labour leader. She supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Corbyn in the 2016 leadership election. Phillips was a candidate for Labour leader in the 2020 leadership election, but withdrew early in the contest.
Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan
Ubayd Allah (Arabic: عبيد الله), known as Abu Marwan (Arabic: أبو مروان), was a general in the service of Emir Abd ar-Rahman II of Córdoba. He was an uncle of the Emir Al-Hakam I.

In 826, Aissó revolted and requested help from Abd ar-Rahman, who sent the general Abu Marwan. The army arrived in Zaragoza in May 827. From there Aby Marwan's forces passed into territory of the county of Barcelona, reaching Barcelona in the summer. It besieged Barcelona without success, ransacking the city's environs. Abu Marwan then moved on to Girona, which he attempted to occupy on October 10, 827. The Emperor Louis the Pious, knowing of the Muslim raid, ordered his son Pepin I of Aquitaine and the counts Hugh of Tours and Matfrid of Orléans to recruit an army, but the recruitment was slow and by the time it was formed, Abu Marwan and his army had returned to Muslim territory. The rebels abandoned the country with them (827).

Girona
Girona, also known as Gerona, is the capital city of the Province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers. The city had an official population of 106,476 in 2024, but the population of the Girona–Salt urban area is estimated to be about 156,400 (2020). Girona is also capital of the comarca of the Gironès and the vegueria of Girona. Since much of the old quarter of this ancient city has been preserved, Girona is a popular tourist destination. The city is located 99 km (62 mi) northeast of Barcelona.
Martin Roe
Martin Roe (born 1 April 1992) is a Norwegian athlete, specializing in combined events (decathlon and heptathlon). On April 26, 2018, he broke the Norwegian record with 8228 points, in the combined events meet in Firenze. In 2017, he won the men's heptathlon competition at the Norwegian Indoor Championships in Sandnes, Norway, with a new personal record of 5,690, beating six personal bests in the process. On July 2, he achieved a new outdoor personal record of 8,144 points in the decathlon – his first time crossing the barrier of 8,000 points – to deliver a win for Norway at a European Combined Events Team Championships Second League event taking place in Monzón, Spain. In August, he represented his country at the 2017 World Championships, finishing twelfth with 8,040 points.

Monzón
Monzón (Spanish: [monˈθon] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It had a population of 17,176 as of 2014. The municipality is situated at the confluence of the Cinca and Sosa rivers, within the Cinca Medio comarca of the province of Huesca.
Oxalis glabra
Oxalis glabra is a member of the wood-sorrel family, Oxalidaceae. It is only one of the 800 total species belonging to this family. The plant is commonly known as finger-leaf due to its trifoliate leaf structure. This trifoliate structure can be seen in variations throughout all members of the genus Oxalis. However, the particularly narrow leaflets of the glabra plant look more like fingers rather than a common clover. The plant is native to South Africa and can be found carpeting the ground of woodlands and bushlands.

Oxalic acid
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and chemical formula HO−C(=O)−C(=O)−OH, also written as (COOH)2 or (CO2H)2 or H2C2O4. It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name is derived from early investigators who isolated oxalic acid from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels. It occurs naturally in many foods.  It can be toxic when eaten in significant quantities, and contact with concentrated forms can cause chemical burns.

Oxalic acid is a much stronger acid than acetic acid. It is a reducing agent and its conjugate bases hydrogenoxalate (HC2O−4) and oxalate (C2O2−4) are chelating agents for metal cations. It is used as a cleaning agent, especially for the removal of rust, because it forms a water-soluble ferric iron complex, the ferrioxalate ion. Oxalic acid typically occurs as the dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4·2H2O.
Henry Harold Hughes
Harold Hughes or Henry Harold Hughes (20 January 1864 – 7 January 1940) was born in Liverpool and trained as an architect under Arthur Baker in London. He qualified as an ARIBA in 1890 and set up an architectural practice in Bangor in 1892, where he remained until his death in 7 January 1940.

Bangor, Gwynedd
Bangor (/ˈbæŋɡɔːr/, /-ɡər/; Welsh: [ˈbaŋɡɔr] ⓘ) is a cathedral city and community in Gwynedd, Wales. Historically part of Caernarfonshire, the community had a population of 15,060 at the 2021 census, and the built up area had a population of 16,990. Landmarks include Bangor Cathedral, Bangor University and Garth Pier. The Britannia and Menai Suspension bridges connect the city to the Isle of Anglesey.
Horningtoft Wood
Horningtoft Wood is a 8.3-hectare (21-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Fakenham in Norfolk, England.

This ancient coppice with standards wood on boulder clay has exceptionally diverse ground flora with several rare species. There are scattered mature oaks and the main coppiced species are hazel, ash and maple. The ground flora is dominated by dog's mercury on heavy soils and bramble on lighter ones.

The site is private land with no public access.

Acer campestre
Acer campestre, known as the field maple, is a flowering plant species in the family Sapindaceae. It is native to much of continental Europe, Britain, southwest Asia from Turkey to the Caucasus, and north Africa in the Atlas Mountains. It has been widely planted, and is introduced outside its native range in Europe and areas of USA and Western Australia with suitable climate.
2021 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2021.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Gotham Curve
The Gotham Curve was once the sharpest curve on any standard gauge railway line in the UK. The curve, which was situated in the sparsely populated, exposed limestone uplands in the Peak District of Derbyshire, England, was on the Cromford and High Peak Railway. The single-track main line was inherited by British Railways in 1948. It closed in 1967.

Minimum railway curve radius
The minimum railway curve radius is the shortest allowable design radius for the centerline of railway tracks under a particular set of conditions. It has an important bearing on construction costs and operating costs and, in combination with superelevation (difference in elevation of the two rails) in the case of train tracks, determines the maximum safe speed of a curve. The minimum radius of a curve is one parameter in the design of railway vehicles as well as trams; monorails and automated guideways are also subject to a minimum radius.