hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1868 Danish West Indies status referendum
A referendum on transferring ownership to the United States was held on 9 January 1868 on the islands of Sankt Jan and Sankt Thomas, two of three main islands in the Danish West Indies. In the referendum, held by universal male suffrage, voters could approve or reject the outcome of negotiations for the sale of the two islands to the United States for US$7.5 million. The third island, Sankt Croix, was to be sold separately to the US at a later date.

The sale was approved by 98.26% of voters. Although it was a binding referendum, the US Senate finally reneged on the agreement in 1870. The Islands were later transferred to the United States after a second referendum in 1916 and the subsequent Treaty of the Danish West Indies.

Saint Croix
Saint Croix (/krɔɪ/ KROY; Spanish: Santa Cruz; Dutch: Sint-Kruis; French: Sainte-Croix; Danish and Norwegian: Sankt Croix; Taino: Ay Ay) is an island in the Caribbean, and a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States.

St. Croix is the largest of the territory's islands. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 41,004. The island's highest point is Mount Eagle, at 355 meters (1,165 ft). St. Croix's nickname is "Twin City", for its two towns, Frederiksted on the western end and Christiansted on the northeast part of the island.
South Kalgoorlie Gold Mine
The South Kalgoorlie Gold Mine is a gold mine located south-west of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The mine is sometimes also referred to as "South Kal Mines - New Celebration", being a merger of the former New Celebration Gold Mine and the Jubilee Gold Mine, which were combined in 2002.

The mine is operated by Northern Star Resources, who purchased it from Westgold in 2018 for A$80 million.

The mine is located on freehold land allocated for pastoral use by the Government of Western Australia in the late 1800s and is therefore not subject to state royalties, and exempt from certain planning and mining requirements.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Porthcothan
Porthcothan (Cornish: Porthkehoodhon) is a coastal village between Newquay and Padstow in Cornwall, England, UK. It is within the civil parish of St Eval.

Porthcothan lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park.

The sandy beach is popular with tourists and surfers and is patrolled by lifeguards during the day in the summer; local surf schools sometimes use the beach for tuition. There is a pay-and-display car park and a small grocery shop near the beach. In January 2014, storm Anne reduced a local arch, Jan Leverton's Rock, to rubble.

Cornwall National Landscape
Cornwall National Landscape is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It was formerly known as, and is still legally designated as, Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, with the National Landscape branding adopted in November 2023.

The National Landscape covers 958 square kilometres (370 sq mi), or about 27% of the total area of the county. It comprises 12 separate sections, of which 11 cover stretches of coastline and one Bodmin Moor, which together are treated as a single National Landscape.

It was designated in 1959 for special landscape protection, and under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, Cornwall Council is required to produce a 5-year management plan, and authorities must have regard to the purpose of conserving and enhancing natural beauty when discharging any function affecting land within the National Landscape.
Yervandashat (ancient city)
Yervandashat or Eruandashat (Armenian: Երվանդաշատ (reformed); Երուանդաշատ (classical)) was an Armenian city and one of the historical capitals of Armenia, serving as the capital city between c. 200 BC and 176 BC under the rule of the Orontid dynasty and at the beginning of the rule of their successors, the Artaxiad dynasty. Its ruins are located on a rocky hill near the confluence of the Akhuryan and Aras rivers, on the left bank of the Aras, between the villages of Yervandashat and Bagaran in modern-day Armenia.

Orontid dynasty
The Orontid dynasty, also known as the Eruandids or Eruandunis, ruled the Satrapy of Armenia until 330 BC and the Kingdom of Armenia from 321 BC to 200 BC. The Orontids ruled first as client kings or satraps of the Achaemenid Empire and after the collapse of the Achaemenid Empire established an independent kingdom. Later, a branch of the Orontids ruled as kings of Sophene and Commagene. They are the first of the three royal dynasties that successively ruled the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (321 BC–428 AD). Although the overthrow of Orontes IV and the accession of Artaxias I to the throne of Armenia in the early 2nd century BC is traditionally treated as the start of a new dynasty, Artaxias probably belonged to a branch of the Orontid dynasty. His descendants ruled Armenia until the 1st century AD.
Outline of Ukraine
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ukraine:

Ukraine – country in Eastern Europe. Formerly part of the Soviet Union. Ukraine has long been a global breadbasket because of its extensive, fertile farmlands. In 2011, it was the world's third-largest grain exporter with that year's harvest being much larger than average.

Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The Russian invasion of Ukraine received widespread international condemnation, leading to new sanctions being imposed on Russia, which triggered a Russian financial crisis. Reactions among governments have most often been negative, with criticism and condemnation, particularly in Europe, the Americas, and Southeast Asia.

International organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have also voiced significant criticism of the invasion, over its not having justifiable precedent. From the early phases of the invasion, the United Nations General Assembly voted to condemn Russia for its invasion of Ukraine.
2010 Kremlin Cup – Men's doubles
Pablo Cuevas and Marcel Granollers were the defending champions; however, Granollers chose to not compete.
Cuevas partnered up with Michael Russell, but they were eliminated by Jérémy Chardy and Lukáš Dlouhý in the quarterfinal.

Igor Kunitsyn and Dmitry Tursunov, which received wildcards into the doubles draw, won this event. They defeated Janko Tipsarević and Viktor Troicki 7–6(10–8), 6–3 in the final.

Dmitry Tursunov
Dmitry Igorevich Tursunov (Russian: Дми́трий И́горевич Турсу́нов, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj tʊrˈsunəf] ⓘ; born 12 December 1982) is a Russian tennis coach and former player. At age 12, he moved to the United States to train and further his prospects of becoming a professional player. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 20, achieved in October 2006.

Tursunov jokes about his lack of ability and success on clay courts. He was sponsored by Fila and Wilson. He helped the Russian Davis Cup team win the 2006 Davis Cup and reach the finals of the 2007 Davis Cup.
Romanian minehunter Sublocotenent Ion Ghiculescu
Sublocotenent Ion Ghiculescu (M270) is a Sandown-class minehunter of the Romanian Naval Forces. She was built as HMS Blyth (M111), for the Royal Navy, the eleventh of this class of twelve Single-Role Minehunters (SRMH) ships. She was laid down on 30 May 1999 by Vosper Thornycroft at their Woolston, Southampton shipyard, launched in May 2000 and entered service for the Royal Navy in February 2001. She was the second vessel to carry this name, the first being a Bangor-class minesweeper of the Second World War, wearing pennant number J15. Blyth served in the Middle East as part of the 9th Mine Countermeasures Squadron.

Pennant number
In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number (an internationalisation of pendant number, which it was called before 1948). Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

In the current system, a letter prefix, called a flag superior, identifies the type of ship, and numerical suffix, called a flag inferior, uniquely identifies an individual ship. Not all pennant numbers have a flag superior.
Brychionoe
Brychionoe is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). The genus includes a single species, Brychionoe karenae, which is long-bodied and occurs in the Tasman Sea at depths of 1100–1300 m.

Parapodium
In invertebrates, the term parapodium (Gr. para, beyond or beside + podia, feet; pl.: parapodia) refers to lateral outgrowths or protrusions from the body. Parapodia are predominantly found in annelids, where they are paired, unjointed lateral outgrowths that bear the chaetae. In several groups of sea snails and sea slugs, 'parapodium' refers to lateral fleshy protrusions.
Ronald Oaxaca
Ronald L. Oaxaca (/wɑːˈhɑːkɑː/; born c. 1943) is an American economist who is the McClelland Professor  of Economics at the University of Arizona, Tucson. His areas of research include labor economics, applied econometrics and applied microeconomics.

Oaxaca graduated from California State University, Fresno in 1965, and went on to earn a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1971.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
Durno (surname)
Durno is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chris Durno (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player

Edwin Durno (1899–1976), American physician, politician, and infantry sergeant

James Durno (c.1745–1795), British historical painter

Jeannette Durno, Canadian-born American pianist

Edwin Durno
Edwin Russell Durno Jr. (January 26, 1899 – November 20, 1976) was a physician, politician, an infantry sergeant who was awarded a Purple Heart, and a basketball player recognized in the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.

He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives representing Oregon's 4th congressional district from 1961 to 1963.
Topics in Cognitive Science
Topics in Cognitive Science (also stylized as topiCS) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering cognitive science. It was established in 2009, with its first issue published in January of that year. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell in a partnership with the Cognitive Science Society. The editor-in-chief is Andrea Bender (University of Bergen). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 2.284, ranking it 35th out of 85 journals in the category "Psychology, Experimental".

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
John Dillon (footballer, born 1942)
John Dillon (9 November 1942 – 11 August 2019) was a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a winger for Sunderland, Brighton & Hove Albion and Crewe Alexandra in the English Football League and for Albion Rovers, Queen of the South, Stranraer and Hamilton Academical in the Scottish League. He began his career with junior club Bellshill Athletic and later played for Ashfield.

Dillon went on to become a councillor in the Monklands district. He died in August 2019 at the age of 76.

Hamilton Academical F.C.
Hamilton Academical Football Club, often known as Hamilton Accies, or The Accies, is a Scottish football club from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, who currently compete in Scottish League One. They were established in 1874 from the school football team at Hamilton Academy and remain the only professional club in British football to have originated from a school team. Hamilton have won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and have finished runners-up in the Scottish Cup twice. The club play their home games at Broadwood Stadium.
Worimi
The Worimi (also spelt Warrimay) people are Aboriginal Australians from the eastern Port Stephens and Great Lakes regions of coastal New South Wales, Australia. Before contact with European settlers, their country extended from Port Stephens in the south to Forster/Tuncurry in the north and as far west as Gloucester.

Gloucester, New South Wales
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ ⓘ GLOST-ər), is a town located in Mid-Coast Council, within the Barrington Coast hinterland of the lower Mid North Coast of the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is the closest town to world heritage Barrington Tops National Park.

Gloucester is situated on the North Coast railway line and can be accessed from the southeast from Newcastle, located 145 kilometres (90 mi) via the Bucketts Way, or from the north via Thunderbolts Way. Gloucester River flows adjacent to the town, just above its junction with the Avon River.

At the 2021 census, Gloucester had a population of 2,469.
The Berserking
The Berserking is a concerto for solo piano and orchestra by the Scottish composer James MacMillan.  The work was commissioned by the Musica Nova Festival and was premiered in Glasgow on 22 September 1990 by the pianist Peter Donohoe and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra under the conductor Matthias Bamert.

Musica Nova Festival, Glasgow
Musica Nova is a triennial festival of contemporary music presented jointly by Glasgow University and the Scottish National Orchestra. The new music festival in Glasgow was founded in 1961 as Musica Viva by Alexander Gibson with help from Scottish composer and Professor of Music at Glasgow Robin Orr. It was later transformed into the triennial festival of modern music Musica Nova, with Gibson working this time with Orr's successor, Professor Frederick Rimmer.
Westfield Galleria at Roseville
Westfield Galleria at Roseville is a two-level, 1,300,000-square-foot (120,000 m2) indoor upscale shopping mall in Roseville, California, United States owned by Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield. It is the largest shopping mall in the Sacramento metropolitan area, followed by Sunrise Mall in Citrus Heights and Arden Fair Mall in Sacramento.

The property is anchored by department stores Macy's, JCPenney, and Nordstrom, a 14-screen Cinemark theater, a Round One Entertainment center, and large-scale Pottery Barn and Crate & Barrel furniture stores. It is the sole location of luxury retailers Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Tiffany & Co., and Saint Laurent in the Sacramento area.

Pottery Barn
Pottery Barn is an American upscale home furnishing store chain and e-commerce company, with retail stores in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Australia. Pottery Barn is a wholly owned subsidiary of Williams-Sonoma, Inc.

The company is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Pottery Barn also operates several specialty stores such as Pottery Barn Kids and Pottery Barn Teen. It has three retail catalogues: the traditional Pottery Barn catalogue; Pottery Barn Bed + Bath to focus on its bed and bath lines; and one for outdoor furniture. Pottery Barn paper catalogs were discontinued at the end of 2024.
1987 Amputee Soccer World Cup
The 1987 Amputee Soccer World Cup was the 2nd edition of the international competition of amputee football national men's teams. It was organized by the Amputee Soccer International, and was held in Seattle, United States between 5 and 7 September 1987.

All games were split between Shoreline Stadium and the Woodinville Indoor Soccer Center.

El Salvador won the gold medal for the first time, defeating the United States representative (Seattle Athlete's Foot) in the final.

Amputee football
Amputee football is a disabled sport played with seven players on each team (six outfield players and one goalkeeper). Outfield players have lower extremity amputations, and goalkeepers have an upper extremity amputation. Outfield players use loftstrand (forearm) crutches, and play without their prostheses.
Rod Rohrich
Rod J. Rohrich (/ˈrɔːrɪk/ RAW-rik), F.A.C.S. is a Dallas-based plastic surgeon, author and educator. He is former the editor-in-chief of the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, a founding member of the Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute, a founder of the Alliance in Reconstructive Surgery, Chair of the Dallas Rhinoplasty and Cosmetic Meeting, and has served as President of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons among other honors.

Dr. Rohrich is board certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery. A June 2014 journal article in Annals of Plastic Surgery recognized Rohrich as one of the "10 most influential surgeons of the current era" after surveying the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons (ACAPS) and the Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (SESPRS). From 2021 to 2024, Newsweek recognized Dr. Rohrich as the top ranked plastic surgeon in the United States for both rhinoplasty surgery and facelift surgery.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
Annals of Plastic Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery. It is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and the editor-in-chief is William C. Lineaweaver (Joseph M. Still Burn and Reconstructive Center, Brandon, Mississippi, United States).
Shady Dolomite
The Shady Dolomite is a geologic formation composed of marine sedimentary rocks of early Cambrian age (Cambrian Series 2: 521-509 million years ago). It outcrops along the eastern margin of the Blue Ridge province in the southeastern United States and can be found in outcrops in the states of Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. It can also be found in the subsurface of Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia. The Shady is predominantly composed of dolomite and limestone with lesser amounts of mudrock. It contains fossils of trilobites, archaeocyathids, algae, brachiopods, and echinoderms, along with the enigmatic fossil Salterella. The Shady Dolomite was first described by Arthur Keith in 1903 and was named for exposures in the Shady Valley of Johnson County in the state of Tennessee. Near Austinville, Virginia, the Shady hosts ore deposits that have been mined extensively for lead and zinc ore.

Laurentia
Laurentia or the North American craton is a large continental craton that forms the ancient geological core of North America. Many times in its past, Laurentia has been a separate continent, as it is now in the form of North America, although originally it also included the cratonic areas of Greenland and the Hebridean terrane in northwest Scotland. During other times in its past, Laurentia has been part of larger continents and supercontinents and consists of many smaller terranes assembled on a network of early Proterozoic orogenic belts. Small microcontinents and oceanic islands collided with and sutured onto the ever-growing Laurentia, and together formed the stable Precambrian craton seen today.
Ryongam Line
The Ryongam Line is an electrified freight-only railway line of the Korean State Railway in Kujang County, North P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Kujang at the junction of the Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'arwŏn, Manp'o, and P'yŏngdŏk Lines, to Ryongam.

North Pyongan Province
North Pyongan Province (also spelled North P'yŏngan; Korean: 평안북도; MR: Phyŏnganbukto; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanbuk̚t͈o]) is a western province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former P'yŏng'an Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Sinŭiju. In 2002, Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region—near the city of Sinuiju—was established as a separately governed Special Administrative Region.
Dick Auty
Joseph Richard Auty (19 August 1910 – 7 June 1995) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Batley, Auty was the son of local identify Wilf Auty, a rugby footballer who played for Yorkshire. Both his father and grandfather served as mayors of Batley. He was educated at Mill Hill School and earned England Public Schools representative honours, playing alongside his friend Douglas Bader.

Auty, a stand-off, possessed a good dummy and side-step. He played most of his rugby with Headingley, which he captained to a dominant 29-win season in 1933–34. His solitary England cap came against Scotland at Murrayfield in the 1935 Home Nations. He also played for the Barbarians, Leicester and Yorkshire.

Batley
Batley is a market town in the Kirklees district, in West Yorkshire, England, south-west of Leeds, north-west of Wakefield and Dewsbury, south-east of Bradford and north-east of Huddersfield, in the Heavy Woollen District. In 2011, the population was 48,730.

Batley Town Hall, designed in the neoclassical style, was paid for by public subscription and opened as the local mechanics' institute in 1854. The town was the home of Batley Variety Club, which was frequented by many notable musical acts, from 1967 onwards.