hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thanh Nhàn Hospital
Thanh Nhan Hospital (Vietnamese: Bệnh viện Thanh Nhàn) is a large hospital in Thanh Nhan ward, Hai Ba Trung district, Hanoi, Vietnam. Located in a labour quarter, it is regarded as a hospital for workers and the poor in Hanoi. It was recently updated, creating two more adjunct hospitals.

Hai Bà Trưng district
Hai Bà Trưng (Trưng Sisters District) is one of the four original urban districts (quận) of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. The district currently has 18 wards, covering a total area of 10.26 square kilometres (3.96 sq mi). It is bordered by Long Biên district, Đống Đa district, Thanh Xuân district, Hoàng Mai district, Hoàn Kiếm district. As of 2019, there were 303,586 people residing in the district, the population density is 30,000 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Established as one of the first four central districts of the city, it is named after the two heroines in Vietnamese history: the Trưng Sisters. Some of Vietnam's largest universities are located here, including the Hanoi University of Technology, Hanoi National Economic University, and Hanoi University of Civil Engineering.
Yongshun, Beijing
Yongshun Town (simplified Chinese: 永顺地区; traditional Chinese: 永順地區; pinyin: Yǒngshùn Dìqū) is a Town situated in Tongzhou District, Beijing. It borders Jinzhan Township and Songzhuang Town to its north, Luyi and Xinhua Subdistricts to its east, Beiyuan Subdistrict to its south, Guanzhuang and Changying Townships to its west, and has an exclave south of Luyuan Subdistrict. As of 2020, it had a population of 304,781 under its administration.

The town gets its name from Yongshun (Chinese: 永顺; lit. 'Eternally Successful') Village that preceded it.

Changying, Beijing
Changying Hui Ethnic Township (Chinese: 常营回族乡; pinyin: Chángyíng 	Huízú Xiāng) is a Hui ethnic township located on the eastern portion of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It borders Dongba and Jinzhan Townships to the north, Yongshun Town to the east, Guanzhuang and Sanjianfang Townships to the south, and Pingfang Township to the west. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Changying was home to 113,891 people.

In 1368, Ming general Chang Yuchun had his trooped stationed here during his conquest of Khanbaliq, and the region was named Changying (Chinese: 常营; lit. 'Chang's Barrack') accordingly.
Coto 47 Airport
Coto 47 Airport (IATA: OTR, ICAO: MRCC) is an airport serving Coto 47, a community among the oil palm plantations in Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. The runway is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the Panama border.

The Coto 47 non-directional beacon (Ident: COT) is located on the field.

The airport is accessible to locations such as Pavones, Sabalos, Neily (es) and Playa Zancudo. A scheduled bus, the Finca 40, leaves for Neily daily, and there are also many taxis available for transport to other locations.

Puntarenas Province
Puntarenas (Spanish pronunciation: [puntaˈɾenas]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the western part of the country, covering most of Costa Rica's Pacific Ocean coast, and it is the largest province in Costa Rica. Clockwise from the northwest, it borders on the provinces Guanacaste, Alajuela, San José and Limón, and the neighbouring country of Panama.
NFL Country
NFL Country is a compilation album released by the National Football League that featured country musicians performing songs with NFL stars. The album made it to 66 on the Top Country Albums and was released the same day as NFL Jams, an album with a similar concept but with hip hop music instead.

Among the tracks, "Let Somebody Else Drive" is a re-recording of John Anderson's 1984 single. "You Never Know Just How Good You've Got It", performed here by Glen Campbell, also appeared on Tracy Byrd's 1994 album No Ordinary Man, and "Four Scores and Seven Beers Ago" was previously a single for Ray Benson in 1991.

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic says "It's not much more than a novelty item, but as a novelty item, it's pretty entertaining, since the music itself is fairly strong and the athletes do provide a few chuckles."

Tracy Byrd
Tracy Lynn Byrd (born December 17, 1966) is an American country music artist. Signed to MCA Nashville Records in 1992, Byrd broke through on the country music scene that year with his 1993 single "Holdin' Heaven", which reached Number One on Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks. Although he did not land a second Number One until 2002's "Ten Rounds with Jose Cuervo", Byrd has charted more than thirty hit singles in his career, including eleven additional Top Ten hits. He has also released ten studio albums and two greatest-hits albums, with four gold certifications and one double-platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. He was the on-air spokesman for the TNN Outdoors block from 1998 to 2000.
Raymond Cowels
Raymond Cowels III (born November 18, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for Trefl Sopot of the Polish Basketball League (PLK). He played college basketball for the Santa Clara Broncos before playing professionally in the Netherlands, New Zealand, Finland and France.

Canterbury Rams
The Canterbury Rams are a New Zealand professional men's basketball team based in Christchurch. The Rams compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at Parakiore Recreation and Sport Centre. For sponsorship reasons, they are known as The Wheeler Motor Canterbury Rams.
Scotopteryx mucronata
Scotopteryx mucronata, the lead belle, is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in most of Europe, Turkey, Ukraine, West Siberia.

The wingspan is 30–38 mm. See Townsend et al.

Adults are on wing from May to June in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Ulex and Cytisus species. The species overwinters in the larval stage.

Cytisus
Cytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to open sites (typically scrub and heathland) in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and is one of several genera in the tribe Genisteae which are commonly called brooms. They are shrubs producing masses of brightly coloured, pea-like flowers, often highly fragrant. Members of the segregate genera Calicotome, Chamaecytisus, and Lembotropis are sometimes included in Cytisus.
Zugerberg Funicular
The Zugerbergbahn is a funicular railway in the southern-eastern suburbs of the Swiss city of Zug, in the canton of Zug. The line links the Zug suburb of Schönegg with the Zugerberg mountain overlooking the city and Lake Zug. The line has a length of 1280 m and a difference of elevation of 366 m.

It is operated by the  company Zugerbergbahn AG.

Canton of Zug
The canton of Zug or canton of Zoug (German: Kanton Zug, Standard German: [tsuːk] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [tsuːɡ̊]; Romansh: Chantun Zug; French: Canton de Zoug; Italian: Canton Zugo) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland. It is located in central Switzerland and its capital is Zug. At 239 km2 (92 sq mi) the canton is one of the smallest of the Swiss cantons in terms of area. It is not subdivided into districts, but eleven municipalities.
Independent Highland Companies
The Independent Highland Companies were irregular militia raised from the Scottish clans of the Scottish Highlands by order of the Scottish (later British) government between 1603 and 1760 in order to help keep the peace and enforce the law in the Highlands and were recognized as such by the government. The officers of the Independent Highland Companies were commissioned as officers of the British Army but the independent companies were not recognized as official regiments of the line of the army. The Independent Highland Companies were the progenitors of the Highland Regiments of the British Army that began when ten Independent Highland Companies were embodied to form the Earl of Crawford's Highland Regiment that was numbered the 43rd Regiment of Foot in 1739.

Norman MacLeod (The Wicked Man)
Norman MacLeod of MacLeod (Scottish Gaelic: Tormod MacLeòid) (1705–1772), also known as The Wicked Man (Scottish Gaelic: An Droch Dhuine), was an 18th-century Scottish politician and the 22nd Chief of Clan MacLeod.
Epistemological particularism
Epistemological particularism is the view that one can know something without knowing how one knows it. By this view, one's knowledge is justified before one knows how such belief could be justified. Taking this as a philosophical approach, one would ask the question "What do we know?" before asking "How do we know?" The term appears in Roderick Chisholm's "The Problem of the Criterion", and in the work of his student, Ernest Sosa ("The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge"). Particularism is contrasted with methodism, which answers the latter question before the former. Since the question "What do we know" implies that we know, particularism is considered fundamentally anti-skeptical, and was ridiculed by Kant in the Prolegomena.

Roderick Chisholm
Roderick Milton Chisholm (/ˈtʃɪzəm/ CHIZ-əm; November 27, 1916 – January 19, 1999) was an American philosopher known for his work on epistemology, metaphysics, free will, value theory, deontology, deontic logic and the philosophy of perception.

Richard and Fred Feldman, writing in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, remark that he "is widely regarded as one of the most creative, productive, and influential American philosophers of the 20th Century."
ESO (motorcycles)
Eso was a Czech motorcycle factory producing only racing machines from 1949 until 1964, when it joined Jawa.  ESO was founded by a motorcycle racing driver Jaroslav Simandl, and made bikes in 250, 350, and 500 cc, primarily for speedway, moto-cross and ice racing. Engines were sourced from J.A.P. during the first year, and then an engine of ESO's own after 1950, first copied from J.A.P. and later of their own design. The factory produced a prototype microcar in 1959, The ESO-T-250. It had a fibreglass 2-seater body with many components from Jawa-CZ.

Microcar
Microcar is a term often used for the smallest size of cars, with three or four wheels and typically with an engine smaller than 700 cc (43 cu in). Specific types of microcars include bubble cars, cycle cars, invacar, quadricycles and voiturettes. Microcars are often covered by separate regulations from normal cars, having relaxed requirements for registration and licensing.
William Ives (businessman)
William Ives (12 October 1943 – 31 August 2017) was a British steel magnate who was a major donor to the British Conservative Party.

Ives was a former boxer who once worked as a doorman at Esmeralda's Barn, the gambling club owned by the Kray Twins in the early 1960s. In 1973, he founded Rainham Steel which was the source of his wealth. In 2012, Ives accepted a caution from Essex Police for harassing his ex-wife. The incident was seen in the British press as an embarrassment for the Conservative Party.

Police caution
A police caution is a formal alternative to prosecution in minor cases, administered by the police in England and Wales. It is commonly used to resolve cases where full prosecution is not seen as the most appropriate solution. Accepting a caution requires an admission of guilt.
Torunn Fossli Sæthre
Torunn Fossli Sæthre (born 16 January 1970) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor and junior world champion.

She received a silver medal in relay at the 1997 World Orienteering Championships in Grimstad, together with Elisabeth Ingvaldsen, Hanne Sandstad and Hanne Staff. She finished 4th in the short course and 9th in the classic course West Point in 1993, and 17th in the short distance in 1995, and 18th in 1997.

She finished overall 11th in the 1992 World Cup, 14th in 1994, and 21st in 1996.

She won a gold medal in the individual event at the 1990 Junior World Orienteering Championships.

She represented the sports club NTHI.

Junior World Orienteering Championships
The Junior World Orienteering Championships (JWOC) are an annual orienteering competition. They were first held in 1990. Entry is open to national teams aged 20 and below as of 31 December in the year of competition. Representative countries must be members of the International Orienteering Federation (IOF).
Eumolpidae
The Eumolpidae /ˌjuːˈmɒlpɪdiː/ (Ancient Greek: Εὐμολπίδαι, Eumolpidai) were a family of priests at Eleusis who maintained the Eleusinian Mysteries during the Hellenic era. As hierophants, they popularized the cult and allowed many more to be initiated into the secrets of Demeter and Persephone.

The legendary genealogy of the Eumolpidae cast them as descendants of Eumolpus, one of the first priests of Demeter at Eleusis, through his second son, Herald-Keryx. Eumolpus, "untainted by blame" is named among the archaic leaders of Eleusis in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter 149–156. Through Eumolpus, they were supposedly related to either Poseidon or Hermes. The last legitimate hierophant at Eleusis, just before the extinguishing of the mysteries at the time of Alaric's invasion in 396 CE, traced his descent from Eumolpos. The other family with a hereditary Eleusinian priesthood were the Kerykes.

Elefsina
Elefsina (Greek: Ελευσίνα, romanized: Elefsína) or Eleusis (/ɛˈljuːsɪs/ eh-LEW-siss; Ancient Greek: Ἐλευσίς, romanized: Eleusís) is a suburban city and a municipality within the Athens metropolitan area in Attica, Greece. It is located in the Thriasio Plain, at the northernmost end of the Saronic Gulf, in the regional unit of West Attica. North of Elefsina are the towns of Mandra and Magoula, while Aspropyrgos is to the northeast.

It is the site of the Eleusinian Mysteries and the birthplace of Aeschylus.  Today, Elefsina is a major industrial centre, with the largest oil refinery in Greece as well as the home of the Aeschylia Festival, the longest-lived arts event in the Attica Region. On 11 November 2016, Elefsina was named the European Capital of Culture for 2021, which became effective in 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic postponement.
Vera Zozulya
Vera Zozulya (Latvian: Vera Zozuļa, Russian: Вера Васильевна Зозуля; born 15 January 1956 in Talsi, Latvian SSR) is a Latvian luger who represented the Soviet Union at the international level and competed during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, she won the gold medal in the women's singles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.

Zozulya also won a complete set of medals in the women's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1978, a silver in 1977, and a bronze in 1981.

At the FIL European Luge Championships, she won two medals in the women's singles event with a gold in 1976 and a bronze in 1978. She won the overall women's singles Luge World Cup title in 1981-2.

Zozulya later became a coach for lugers in the Soviet Union, Latvia, and Poland. She was inducted into the International Luge Federation Hall of Fame in 2006.

FIL European Luge Championships
The FIL European Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place since 1914. From 1914 to 1934, these championships were part of the Internationaler Schlittensportsverband (ISSV - International Sled Sport Federation in (in German)). From 1935 to 1956, the championships were held under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobagganing Federation in (in French)). Since 1962, the event has been under the auspices of the FIL and has been held in even-numbered years since 1980. Since 2012, it is held annually within a preselected World Cup stages in the so-called race-in-race mode. The results of non-European athletes at these World Cup stages are not counted for European Championships standings.

For information on natural track luge championships in Europe, please see FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships, which have been contested since 1970.
Masking agent
A masking agent is a reagent used in chemical analysis which reacts with chemical species that may interfere in the analysis.

In sports a masking agent is used to hide or prevent detection of a banned substance or illegal drug like anabolic steroids or stimulants. Diuretics are the simplest form of masking agent and work by enhancing water loss via urine excretion and thus diluting the urine, which results in lower concentrations of the banned substance as more of it is being excreted from the body making it more difficult for laboratories to detect.

Chemical species
Chemical species are a specific form of chemical substance or chemically identical molecular entities that have the same molecular energy level at a specified timescale. These entities are classified through bonding types and relative abundance of isotopes. Types of chemical species can be classified based on the type of molecular entity and can be either an atomic, molecular, ionic or radical species.
Badger Creek State Recreation Area
Badger Creek State Recreation Area is a state recreation area in Madison County, Iowa, United States, near the city of Van Meter. The park covers over 700 acres (280 ha) of land and includes the 276-acre (112 ha) Badger Creek Lake. The lake has two boat ramps and multiple fishing jetties; fish living in the lake include bass, bluegill, catfish, and crappie. The entire recreation area is also open for hunting.

The recreation area is known for its annual sunflower field. The field, which is located in a different spot each year, is planted in spring and typically blooms in July or August. In addition to attracting visitors and photographers, the flowers bring deer and birds into the recreation area before the fall hunting season.

Jetty
A jetty is a man-made structure that protrudes from land out into water. A jetty may serve as a breakwater, as a walkway, or both; or, in pairs, as a means of constricting a channel. The term derives from the French word jetée, 'thrown', signifying something thrown out.
Greenpeace v State of the Netherlands
Greenpeace v State of the Netherlands (2025) is a environmental law case heard by the District Court of The Hague related to the government's adherence to nature protection commitments. It was brought by the Dutch branch of Greenpeace against the State of the Netherlands, arguing that the government's efforts to reduce nitrogen emissions were insufficient to adhere to its goals to protect nitrogen-sensitive nature in Natura 2000 reserves. In January 2025, the court ordered the government to take action to make sure 50% of such areas would no longer exceed the critical load for nitrogen deposition by 2030. The government was ordered to pay €10 million to Greenpeace in case it would fail to comply.

District court
District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. Sometimes they are called "small case courts" because they are usually at the lowest level of the hierarchy.

These courts generally work under a higher court which exercises control over the lower court and supervises it.
31st Air Base
The 31st Air Base (Polish: 31. Baza Lotnicza), commonly known as Poznań-Krzesiny Airport is a Polish Air Force base and military airport, located in Krzesiny, part of the Nowe Miasto district of Poznań.

The base was officially constituted on 31 December 2000, and since then has been the home base for the 3rd Tactical Squadron. It was the first base to host Polish F-16 fighters.

Polish Air Force
The Polish Air Force (Polish: Siły Powietrzne, lit. 'Air Forces') is the aerial warfare branch of the Polish Armed Forces. Until July 2004 it was officially known as Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej (lit. 'Aerial and Air Defense Forces'). In 2014 it consisted of roughly 26,000 military personnel and about 475 aircraft, distributed among ten bases throughout Poland.

The Polish Air Force can trace its origins to the second half of 1917 and was officially established in the months following the end of World War I in 1918. During the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in 1939, 70% of its aircraft were destroyed. Most pilots, after the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, escaped via Romania and Hungary to continue fighting throughout World War II in allied air forces, first in France, then in Britain, and later also the Soviet Union.
Syntomeida syntomoides
Syntomeida syntomoides is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1836. It is found in Mexico as well as on Cuba, the Bahamas, Saint Lucia, Dominica, Barbados, and the French island of Martinique.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Nachman of Horodenka
Rabbi Nachman of Horodenka (approximately 1680-1765) was a Hasidic leader.

At first, Rabbi Nachman was among the Talmidei Chachamim who gathered to study Torah in Brody. After experiencing a dream which he interpreted as a signal for him to go to the Baal Shem Tov, Rabbi Nachman became a close disciple and one of the first supporters of the Baal Shem Tov.

After marrying off his son to the granddaughter of the Baal Shem Tov, he moved to the Land of Israel, arriving at the port of Haifa in 1764. At first he lived in Safed, and afterward he settled in Tiberias. He died in Tiberias on June 21, 1765, and was buried in Tiberias Ancient Jewish Cemetery.

Rabbi Nachman was a seventh-generation lineal descendant of Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel. Rabbi Nachman's grandson was Rabbi Nachman of Breslov.

Torah study
Torah study is the study of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, responsa, rabbinic literature, and similar works, all of which are Judaism's religious texts. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the study is done for the purpose of the mitzvah ("commandment") of Torah study itself.

This practice is present to an extent in all religious branches of Judaism, and is considered of paramount importance among religious Jews. Torah study has evolved over the generations, as lifestyles changed and also as new texts were written.
Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (1959 film)
Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (transl. Unity is propitious) is a 1959 Indian Tamil-language film produced by V. L. Narasu and directed by D. S. Rajagopal. The film stars S. S. Rajendran and B. Saroja Devi.

S. S. Rajendran
Sedapatti Suryanarayana Rajendran, also known by his initials SSR (1 January 1928 – 24 October 2014), was an Indian actor, film director, film producer and politician who worked in Tamil theatre and cinema. He is also referred to as Latchiya Nadigar.
Julian Rose
Sir Julian Day Rose, 5th and 4th Baronet (born March 1947) is a British aristocrat and exponent of organic farming. He changed the Hardwick Estate in South Oxfordshire to conform with the standards of organic farming in 1975. Rose succeeded to two baronetcies that were both under the name Rose.

Rose baronets
There have been four baronetcies created for persons with the surname Rose, all in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2026, three of the creations are extant.

Rose baronets of Montreal (1872)

Rose baronets of Rayners (1874)

Rose baronets of Hardwick House (1909)

Rose baronets of Leith (1935)