hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Virgilia D'Andrea
Virgilia D'Andrea (11 February 1888 – 12 May 1933) was an Italian anarchist poet and political activist. A prominent free love advocate and noted anti-fascist, she may be best remembered as the author of Tormento (Torment), a book of poetry first published in 1922.

Franca Iacovetta
Franca Iacovetta (born 1957) is a "feminist/socialist" historian of labour and migration currently working at the University of Toronto.

Her dissertation, published as Such Hardworking People: Italian Immigrants in Postwar Toronto, was supervised by York University's Ramsay Cook. She has since edited numerous collections of case studies, examining the lives of so-called "marginalized peoples" in Canada and the United States. Her most recent book Gatekeepers  was awarded the Canadian Historical Association's John A. Macdonald Prize in 2008.

She has been critical of J. L. Granatstein, who questioned the dominance of social history in recent Canadian historical-writing in Who Killed Canadian History?, calling it a "clearly offensive", "ill-conceived little book".
Dual living in Australia
In Australia the dual occupancy concept was proposed by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works in 1981 to enable existing houses and housing lots to be subdivided into two to make more efficient use of existing facilities and urban infrastructure, to provide support links between the two households and to minimise external maintenance and gardening burdens. Nowadays, accessory dwelling units are increasingly being legitimized by state and local governments. These units can be a division of, addition to, or separate from the principal dwelling and are usually subject to minimum allotment sizes, site coverage, access and setback requirements. While dual properties are a fairly new concept in Australia, they have long been a common style of dwelling in countries including Sweden, Japan and the United States.

Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works
The Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) was a public utility board in Melbourne, Australia, set up in 1891 to provide water supply, sewerage and sewage treatment functions for the city. The MMBW was merged with a number of smaller urban water authorities to form Melbourne Water in 1992.
Mind, Body & Kick Ass Moves
Mind, Body & Kick Ass Moves is a television programme broadcast on BBC Three. Presented by Chris Crudelli the documentary series travels around the Far East exploring different martial arts and learning the secret skills and knowledge of the 'Grandmasters'. The series investigates aspects of each different martial art by filming the masters demonstrating their style and skills. There is one series of 10 episodes. Each episode focuses on a mix of different martial arts and masters and shows Crudelli taking some martial arts and tricks to the streets, in a style similar to street magic. The opening narration states Crudelli is a master of combat and esoteric energies.

An edited version was broadcast in the United States in half-hour segments as Mind, Body & Kickin' Moves on FSN.

Combat
Combat is a purposeful violent conflict between multiple combatants with the intent to harm the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is resorted to either as a method of self-defense or to impose one's will upon others. An instance of combat can be a standalone confrontation or part of a wider conflict, and its scale can range from a fight between individuals to a war between organized groups. Combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat.

Combat may comply with, or be in violation of, local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess of Queensberry Rules (covering boxing), and the individual rulesets of various combat sports.
Elizabeth D. Leonard
Elizabeth D. Leonard is an American historian and the John J. and Cornelia V. Gibson Professor of History at Colby College in Waterville, Maine. Her areas of specialty include American women and the Civil War era.

Waterville, Maine
Waterville is a city in Kennebec County, Maine, United States, on the west bank of the Kennebec River. A college town, the city is home to Colby College, a NESCAC college, and Thomas College.

As of the 2020 census the population was 15,828. Along with Augusta, Waterville is one of the principal cities of the Augusta-Waterville, ME Micropolitan Statistical Area.
County of Gawler
The County of Gawler is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. It was proclaimed in 1842 by Governor George Grey and named for the former Governor George Gawler. It is bounded by the Wakefield River in the north, Gulf St Vincent in the west, the approximate path of Horrocks Highway in the east, and the Gawler River in the south.

Horrocks Highway
Horrocks Highway (formerly known as Main North Road) is a major north–south arterial route through regional South Australia, between Quorn in the Flinders Ranges, and Gawler, on the north-eastern fringe of suburban Adelaide.
Pakistan–Turkey Free Trade Agreement
The Turkey-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (also known as Pakistan-Turkey FTA) is a free trade agreement between Pakistan and Turkey. It came into effect on 1 May 2023.

The decision to initiate negotiations for a comprehensive bilateral FTA covering trade in goods, services and investment was taken at the 4th Session of the High Level Strategic Cooperation Council (HLSCC) in Islamabad in February 2015. The FTA negotiations began in Ankara in October 2015. During negotiations held between August 29–31 in Islamabad, both countries agreed to eliminate 85% of tariffs.

The FTA is projected to increase bilateral trade to $5 billion between the years 2016 and 2019 and then to $10 billion by 2022. The free trade agreement between the two countries was expected to be signed before the end of 2016. The Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association and Karachi Chamber of Commerce & Industry have supported the FTA.

Karachi Chamber of Commerce & Industry
The Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) is the Chamber of Commerce for Karachi, Pakistan.

They aim to improve Pakistan's business environment and economic well-being, especially in Karachi. They seek to provide advocacy and opportunity to their thousands of members. KCCI issues statements to the news media, making recommendations and expressing its views over current economic and financial issues in Karachi and Pakistan Archived 6 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
Belenkoye, Belgorod Oblast
Belenkoye (Russian: Беленькое) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Belyanskoye Rural Settlement, Borisovsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,466 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Douglas Hoeft
Douglas Laton Hoeft (May 26, 1942 – December 17, 2002) was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

Hoeft was born May 26, 1942, in Rochester, Minnesota. He earned a Bachelor of Arts at Denison University and a doctorate of education at Northern Illinois University. Hoeft became the Kane County Regional Superintendent of Schools from 1987 to 1993. For a time prior to his political career, he was a coal miner. He served on the Illinois RiverWatch Network Steering Committee.

Hoeft died December 17, 2002, the same day as fellow Republican Timothy H. Osmond. He was succeeded by Ruth Munson, who took office December 30, 2002.

Northern Illinois University
Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois, United States. It was founded as "Northern Illinois State Normal School" in 1895 by Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld, initially to provide the state with college-educated teachers. In addition to the main campus in DeKalb, it has satellite centers in Chicago, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon, Illinois.

The university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges and has a student body of approximately 16,000. NIU is one of seven public universities in Illinois that compete in NCAA Division I. The athletic teams are known as the Huskies and compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC).
Esser-Barrat
The Esser-Barrat rifle was an experimental slide-action firearm in the United Kingdom at the start of the 20th century.  It was essentially a development on the Austrian Steyr-Mannlicher M1895 straight-pull bolt-action rifle, but with the bolt connected to a pump on the for-end of the stock.

The firearm was tested in Bisley Ranges, Bisley, Surrey in 1906, but never adopted for military use.

Mannlicher M1895
The Mannlicher M1895 (German: Infanterie Repetier-Gewehr M.95, Hungarian: Gyalogsági Ismétlő Puska M95; "Infantry Repeating-Rifle M95") is an Austro-Hungarian straight pull bolt-action rifle, designed by Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher that used a refined version of his revolutionary straight-pull action bolt, much like the Mannlicher M1890 carbine. It was nicknamed the Ruck-Zuck-[Gewehr] by Austrian troops (ruck-zuck spoken as "roock-tsoock", in common language meaning "back and forth [rifle]") and "Ta-Pum" by Italian troops who wrote a song (it) about it during World War I. The primary producers were the ŒWG in Steyr, and FÉG in Budapest.

Originally they were chambered for the round nosed 8×50mmR cartridge, but almost all of the rifles were rechambered to accept the more powerful and longer range spitzer 8×56mmR cartridge in the 1930s.
Port of La Turballe
The port of La Turballe is a coastal facility combining fishing and recreational boating activities. It includes a fish auction hall and a careening yard. The port is located in the commune of La Turballe, in the Loire-Atlantique department, within the “rade du Croisic,” the bay extending from Croisic Point in the south to Castelli Point in Piriac-sur-Mer in the northwest.

Saint-Nazaire Offshore Wind Farm
Saint-Nazaire Offshore Wind Farm (French: Parc éolien en mer de Saint-Nazaire) is a wind farm located in the Bay of Biscay off the west coast of France, near Saint-Nazaire and Guérande.

The first commercial-scale offshore wind farm built in France, it has a target capacity of 480 MW and became fully operational in 2022.
Toad of Toad Hall (film)
Toad of Toad Hall is a 1946 British TV adaptation of the 1929 play Toad of Toad Hall by A. A. Milne, itself an adaptation of the 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame.

It was produced by Michael Barry who presented the same play again the following year with many different cast members. It was an early television appearance by Kenneth More who reprised the role several times on stage.

The adaptation aired every Christmas for four years' running.

Kenneth Grahame
Kenneth Grahame (/ˈɡreɪ.əm/ GRAY-əm; 8 March 1859 – 6 July 1932) was a Scottish writer. He is best remembered for the classic of children's literature The Wind in the Willows (1908). Born in Scotland, he spent most of his childhood with his grandmother in England, following the death of his mother and his father's inability to look after the children. After attending St Edward's School in Oxford, his ambition to attend university was thwarted and he joined the Bank of England, where he had a successful career. Before writing The Wind in the Willows, he published three other books: Pagan Papers (1893), The Golden Age (1895), and Dream Days (1898).
Gastronomy in Singapore
1°18′N 103°48′E﻿ / ﻿1.3°N 103.8°E﻿ / 1.3; 103.8

Notable eateries in Singapore are café, coffee shop, convenience stores, fast food restaurant, food courts, hawker centres, restaurant (casual), speciality food shops, and fine dining restaurants.

According to Singstat in 2014 there were 6,668 outlets, where 2,426 are considered as sit down places. According to ACRA every day two new restaurants open daily in Singapore.

The variety of Singaporean cuisine covers basically all notable ethnic groups and cultures.

Culture of Singapore
The culture of Singapore has changed greatly over the millennia. Its contemporary modern culture consists of a combination of Asian (Malay / Tamil / Chinese) and European cultures. Singapore has been dubbed as a country where "East meets West", "Gateway to Asia" and a "Garden city".
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott, 342 U.S. 350 (1952), on appeal from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina, challenged school segregation in Summerton, South Carolina. It was the first of the five cases combined into Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the famous case in which the U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional by violating the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. Following the Brown decision, the district court issued a decree that struck down the school segregation law in South Carolina as unconstitutional and required the state's schools to integrate. Harry and Eliza Briggs, Reverend Joseph A. DeLaine, and Levi Pearson were awarded Congressional Gold Medals posthumously in 2003.

American Archive of Public Broadcasting
The American Archive of Public Broadcasting (AAPB) is a collaboration between the Library of Congress and WGBH Educational Foundation, founded through the efforts of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). The AAPB is a national effort to digitally preserve and make accessible historically significant public radio and television programs created over the past 70+ years. The archive comprises over 120 collections from contributing stations and original producers from US states and territories. As of April 2020, the collection includes nearly 113,000 digitized items preserved on-site at the Library of Congress, and 53,000 items in the collection are streaming online in the AAPB Online Reading Room.

Funders include the CPB, the Council on Library and Information Resources, and Institute of Museum and Library Services.
Jim Hargrove (American football)
James Lawrence Hargrove (February 21, 1945 – August 17, 2017), also known as Red Hargrove, was an American football player who played as a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) from 1967 to 1972. Born in Temple, Texas, he attended Academy High School in Little River-Academy, Texas, followed by Howard Payne University and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the 14th round (348th overall) of the 1967 NFL/AFL draft. He played for the team for four seasons before joining the St. Louis Cardinals in 1971. He played for the Cardinals for two seasons, making his final professional appearance in 1972. He died in Lampasas, Texas.

Academy High School
Academy High School is a 3A public high school located in Little River, Texas, United States. It is part of the Academy Independent School District located in southern Bell County. During 2023–2024, Academy High School had an enrollment of 539 students and a student to teacher ratio of 12.90. The school received an overall rating of "B" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024–2025 school year.
Hugh Simon
Hugh Simon is a British actor, best known for his portrayal of the character Malcolm Wynn-Jones in the television series Spooks.  His other TV credits include Shackleton, Attachments, Cold Feet, North Square, Big Bad World, and "Unusual Suspects" (an episode of Highlander: The Series).

He has also appeared on stage in the 2005 London revival of Epitaph for George Dillon, and in the film Possession. In January 2022, he portrayed the role of Adrian Walker in the BBC soap opera Doctors.

Attachments (TV series)
Attachments is a BBC television comedy-drama that ran for two series from 2000 to 2002, with a total of twenty-six episodes. It focuses on a group of young professionals in London that work for an Internet startup company called "seethru" during the dot com boom. The fictional company ran an internet portal website at seethru.co.uk which was updated as the show progressed, and which remained on-line for some time after the end of the second series. The show was criticised by the Broadcasting Standards Commission for including excessive sexual content immediately after the watershed. The show was released on VHS, but has not been released on DVD.
Mynydd Dolgoed
Mynydd Dolgoed or Craig Portas is a mountain in southern Snowdonia, Wales. It is a long ridge running from a low summit between the valleys of the Afon Angell and the Nant Ceiswyn, north east to the cliff of Craig Portas above Dinas Mawddwy. The next mountain in the ridge to south-east is Mynydd Hendre-ddu, while to the south lie Mynydd Llwydiarth and Mynydd Cymerau.

It is one of the Dyfi hills.

Dinas Mawddwy
Dinas Mawddwy (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdiːnas mau̯ðʊɨ̯]; listenⓘ) is a town in the community of Mawddwy in south-east Gwynedd, north Wales. It lies within the Snowdonia National Park, but just to the east of the main A470, and consequently many visitors pass the town by. Its population is roughly 600. The town marks the junction of the unclassified road to Llanuwchllyn which climbs up through the mountains to cross Bwlch y Groes at its highest point, the second highest road pass in Wales. This minor road also provides the closest access to the mountain Aran Fawddwy and is the nearest settlement to Craig Cywarch.
Rille
Rille /ˈrɪl/ (German for 'groove') is typically used to describe any of the long, narrow depressions in the surface of the Moon that resemble channels. The Latin term is rima, plural rimae. Typically, a rille can be several kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers in length. However, the term has also been used loosely to describe similar structures on a number of planets in the Solar System, including Mars, Venus, and on a number of moons. All bear a structural resemblance to each other.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
Absolute Power (comics)
"Absolute Power" is a 2024 American comic book crossover storyline published by DC Comics. Serving as the conclusion to the Dawn of DC initiative, the main limited series was written by Mark Waid, with art by Dan Mora. The storyline ran between July 3 and October 2, 2024. The event takes place in the aftermath of "House of Brainiac". The main event received positive reviews, with critics praising Mark Waid's writing, the art, the action, and the satisfying conclusion.

Suicide Squad
The Suicide Squad is an antihero/supervillain team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The first version of the Suicide Squad debuted in The Brave and the Bold #25 (September 1959) and the second and modern version, created by John Ostrander, debuted in Legends #3 (January 1987).

Various incarnations of the Suicide Squad have existed throughout the years as depicted in several self-titled comic book series, from its origins in the Silver Age to its modern-day post-Crisis re-imagining, to the New 52 version and the current version that was introduced during DC Rebirth in 2016. Though the roster has changed considerably over the years, some of its best-known members include Rick Flag, Captain Boomerang, Deadshot, Bronze Tiger, King Shark and Harley Quinn.
Henri Knuutinen
Henri Knuutinen (born December 27, 1997) is a Finnish professional ice hockey winger currently playing for KalPa in Liiga.

Knuutinen made his Liiga debut for KalPa on November 12, 2016 against HIFK and went on to play 26 games for the team that season, scoring one goal and one assist.

HIFK Hockey
HIFK Hockey (a traditional abbreviation of the Swedish name Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna, Helsingfors, English: "Sporting Society Comrades, Helsinki") is a professional ice hockey team based in Helsinki, Finland that plays in the SM-liiga, the sport's top-level league in Finland. The team plays at Helsinki Ice Hall.
3rd Infantry Division (Russian Empire)
The 3rd Infantry Division (Russian: 3-я пехотная дивизия, 3-ya pekhotnaya diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from 1806 until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. From before 1903 to the end of its existence the division was based in Kaluga.

Kaluga
Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га, IPA: [kɐˈɫuɡə] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census.

Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, worked there as a school teacher from 1892 to 1935. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and to their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: Колыбель Космонавтики, Kolybélʹ kosmonávtiki ("The Cradle of Space-Exploration").
Asbach (Verbandsgemeinde)
Asbach is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Asbach.

The Verbandsgemeinde Asbach consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Asbach

Buchholz

Neustadt (Wied)

Windhagen

50°40′01″N 7°25′01″E﻿ / ﻿50.667°N 7.417°E﻿ / 50.667; 7.417

Windhagen
Windhagen is a Municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its former mayor used to be the oldest German Mayor, at 94 years old when he finally retired.

Windhagen consists of the following villages:
National Statistics Council
The National Statistics Council is a Canadian government agency which advises the Chief Statistician of Canada on Statistics Canada’s activities, primarily on program priorities.

The NSC drew media attention as a result of its objection to the removal of the long-form census deployed in the 2011 Census.

Chief Statistician of Canada
The chief statistician of Canada (French: Statisticien en chef du Canada) is the senior public servant responsible for Statistics Canada (StatCan), an agency of the Government of Canada. The office is equivalent to that of a deputy minister and as a member of the public service, the position is nonpartisan.

The chief statistician advises on matters pertaining to statistical programs of the department and agencies of the government, supervises the administration of the Statistics Act, controls the operation and staff of StatCan and reports annually on the activities of StatCan to the minister of industry.

Since April 1, 2024, the role has been held by André Loranger.
Alfred Cleveland Blumenthal
Alfred Cleveland Blumenthal (c. 1891 – July 29, 1957) was an American real estate developer, theatrical promoter and husband of actress Peggy Fears. A C Blumenthal was also a speakeasy owner and friend of New York Mayor Jimmy Walker.

Promoter (entertainment)
A promoter works with event production and entertainment industries to promote their productions, including in music and sports. Promoters are individuals or organizations engaged in the business of marketing and promoting live, or pay-per-view and similar events, such as music concerts, gigs, nightclub performances and raves, sports events, and festivals.