hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salix herbacea
Salix herbacea, the dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow, is a species of tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae) adapted to survive in harsh arctic and subarctic environments.  Distributed widely in alpine and arctic environments around the North Atlantic Ocean, it is one of the smallest woody plants.

Clonal colony
A clonal colony or genet is a group of genetically identical individuals, such as plants, fungi, or bacteria, that have grown in a given location, all originating vegetatively, not sexually, from a single ancestor. In plants, an individual in such a population is referred to as a ramet. In fungi, "individuals" typically refers to the visible fruiting bodies or mushrooms that develop from a common mycelium which, although spread over a large area, is otherwise hidden in the soil. Clonal colonies are common in many plant species. Although many plants reproduce sexually through the production of seed, reproduction occurs by underground stolons or rhizomes in some plants. Above ground, these plants most often appear to be distinct individuals, but underground they remain interconnected and are all clones of the same plant. However, it is not always easy to recognize a clonal colony especially if it spreads underground and is also sexually reproducing.
Witton-le-Wear (SSSI)
Witton-le-Wear (SSSI) is a Site of Special Scientific Interest located in the valley of the River Wear, immediately east of the village of Witton-le-Wear in County Durham, England.

It is important as the only extensive body of biologically-significant open water in West Durham.

River Wear
The River Wear (/ˈwɪər/ ⓘ, WEER) in Northern England rises in the Pennines and flows eastwards, mostly through County Durham, to the North Sea in the City of Sunderland. At 60 mi (97 km) long, it is one of the region's longest rivers. The Wear wends in a steep valley through the cathedral city of Durham and gives its name to Weardale in its upper reach and Wearside by its mouth.
Sheina Marshall
Sheina Macalister Marshall OBE FRSE FRS (20 April 1896 – 7 April 1977) was a Scottish marine biologist who studied plant and animal plankton. She was an authority on the copepod Calanus. She worked at the Marine Biological Station at Millport, Cumbrae in Scotland from 1922-1964.

Calanus
Calanus is a genus of marine copepod in the family Calanidae (Order Calanoida).  The genus was split in 1974, with some species being placed in a new genus, Neocalanus. The following species are recognised:
Steve Purdy
Steven Francis Purdy Ramos (born February 5, 1985) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender.

Born in the United States, he represented El Salvador national team at international level, appearing for them at the CONCACAF Gold Cup in 2011 and 2013.

2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 12th CONCACAF Gold Cup competition and the 22nd CONCACAF regional championship overall in CONCACAF's fifty years of existence. The United States was the host nation.

The competition began on July 7, 2013, at the Rose Bowl, and ended with the final on July 28, 2013, at Soldier Field, with the United States defeating Panama 1–0. In this edition of the Gold Cup, Mexico participated with an alternative squad due to the main players competing at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup prior to the Gold Cup. Despite not playing with their full squad, they reached the semi-finals where they lost to eventual runners-up Panama with a score of 1–2.

United States won the tournament, which qualified them for a play-off match against the champions of the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, to decide which team would represent CONCACAF in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. The playoff was played in a single match held on October 10, 2015, which Mexico won 3–2.
Entrelacs, Quebec
Entrelacs is a municipality in Matawinie Regional County Municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada.

Prior to February 13, 1991, it was in Les Pays-d'en-Haut Regional County Municipality in the Laurentides region.

Lanaudière
Lanaudière (French pronunciation: [lanodjɛʁ], locally [lanod͡zjaɛ̯ʁ]) is one of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec, Canada, situated immediately to the northeast of Montreal. It has a total population (2016 Census) of 494,796 inhabitants, an increase of 4.9% over the 2011 census.
Franck Le Normand
Francois Le Normand (22 November 1931 – 30 March 2025) was a French cyclist. He competed in the men's sprint and the tandem events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Le Normand died on 30 March 2025, at the age of 93.

Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's sprint (or "scratch race") at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland was held from July 28 to July 31, 1952. There were 27 participants from 27 nations, with each nation limited to a single cyclist. The event was won by Enzo Sacchi of Italy, the nation's second consecutive victory in the men's sprint. Lionel Cox's silver was Australia's first medal in the event. Werner Potzernheim of Germany took bronze.
CREST syndrome
CREST syndrome, also known as the limited cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), is a multisystem connective tissue disorder. The acronym "CREST" refers to the five main features:  calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.

CREST syndrome is associated with detectable antibodies against centromeres (a component of the cell nucleus), and usually spares the kidneys (a feature more common in the related condition systemic scleroderma). If the lungs are involved, it is usually in the form of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Calcinosis
Calcinosis is the formation of calcium deposits in any soft tissue. It is a rare condition that has many different causes. These range from infection and injury to systemic diseases like kidney failure.
Umirolimus
Umirolimus (INN/USAN, also called Biolimus) is an immunosuppressant, a macrocyclic lactone, a highly lipophilic derivative of sirolimus. This drug is proprietary to Biosensors International, which uses it in its own drug-eluting stents, and licenses it to partners such as Terumo.

Umirolimus inhibits T cell and smooth muscle cell proliferation, and was designed for use in drug eluting stents. This analog has a chemical modification at position 40 of the rapamycin ring. It has potent immunosuppressive properties that are similar to those of sirolimus, but the drug is more rapidly absorbed by the vessel wall, readily attaches and enters smooth muscle cell membranes causing cell cycle arrest at G0, and is comparable to sirolimus in terms of potency.

Terumo
Terumo Corporation (テルモ株式会社, Terumo Kabushiki-gaisha) was founded in 1921 as Red Line Thermometer Corporation by a group of medical scientists led by Dr. Kitasato Shibasaburō to produce medical thermometers in Japan.

The company's first product was "Jintan Taionkei", the first Japanese-made thermometer available for sale, and it has since expanded into a medical devices manufacturer, producing medical disposables, cardiovascular systems and diabetes care products.

In 1971, Terumo opened its first overseas office in the United States. Since then, the company has established subsidiaries in Europe (1971), South America, China, India, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Australia and México. The company later expanded its product range to include coronary stents and catheters, and acquired, among others, the cardiovascular specialty companies Vascutek and Microvention in 2002 and 2006 respectively.
Buta Singh
Buta Singh (21 March 1934 – 2 January 2021) was an Indian politician and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. He was a Union Home Minister of India, Governor of Bihar and was chairman of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes from 2007 to 2010.

Moga, Punjab
Moga is a city in the Indian state of Punjab. It was made a part and headquarters of the Moga district (the 17th District in the state) on 24 November 1995, by the then Chief Minister Harcharan Singh Brar. Before becoming a district, Moga was a part of Faridkot district as a tehsil. Moga is situated on the National Highway 95 (NH-95 Ferozpur-Ludhiana road). The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been merged into Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division.
Brían F. O'Byrne
Brían Francis O'Byrne (born 16 May 1967) is an Irish actor who works and lives in the United States. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his role in the miniseries Mildred Pierce (2011) and won a BAFTA TV Award for his role in the drama series Little Boy Blue (2017).

O'Byrne has received five Tony Award nominations and won Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in the 2004 production of Frozen.

British Academy Television Awards
British Academy Television Awards, or the BAFTA TV Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. They have been awarded annually since 1955. The BAFTA TV Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British and world television, equivalent to the BAFTA Film Awards for cinema, Laurence Olivier Awards for theatre, and the BRIT Awards for music. The BAFTA TV Awards are considered equivalent to the Emmy Awards.
Gao Baorong
Gao Baorong (Chinese: 高保融) (920–960), courtesy name Dechang (德長), also known by his posthumous name as the Prince Zhenyi of Nanping (南平貞懿王), was a ruling prince of Jingnan from 948 to 960, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China.

Chinese sovereign
The Chinese sovereign was the ruler of a particular monarchical regime in the historical periods of ancient China and imperial China. Sovereigns ruling the same regime, and descended from the same paternal line, constituted a dynasty. Several titles and naming schemes have been used throughout Chinese history.
Madlala
Madlala is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emerald Madlala (fl. from 2024), South African politician

Linda Hlongwa-Madlala (fl. from 2005), South African politician

Ndumiso Madlala (1975/1976–2025), South African brewer and businessman

Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge (born 1952), South African politician

Ndumiso Madlala
Ndumiso Madlala (1975 or 1976 – 1 September 2025) was a South African brewer and businessman, best known as the founder of the Soweto Gold Beer brand and MadMead Brewing, one of the first commercially successful black-owned brewing ventures in South Africa. He later launched Eyethu Beverages, established Soweto's first microbrewery and promoted township entrepreneurship through his brewery initiatives.
Joan Alexander (soprano)
Joan Alexander (1 December 1912 – 25 December 2010) was a Scottish soprano well-known for her appearances on the Third Programme and regional radio stations.

Alexander was educated at Hyndland School, the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama and then from 1933 the Munich Conservatoire. She gave many acclaimed performances at the Edinburgh Festival and performed at a number of Proms. She appeared on BBC radio programmes from 1933 through to 1968. She appeared as 'Antonia's Mother' in the 1951 film The Tales of Hoffmann.  She performed Thea Musgrave's song cycle 'A Suite o Bairnsangs' (words by Maurice Lindsay).

University of Music and Theatre Munich
The University of Music and Theatre Munich (German: Hochschule für Musik und Theater München), also known as the Munich Conservatory, is a performing arts conservatory in Munich, Germany. The main building it currently occupies is the former Führerbau of the NSDAP, located at Arcisstraße 12, on the eastern side of the Königsplatz. Teaching and other events also take place at Luisenstraße 37a, Gasteig, the Prinzregententheater (theatre studies), and in Wilhelmstraße (ballet). Since 2008, the Richard Strauss Conservatory (de), until then independent, has formed part of the university.
Spanish Civil War memorial, Motherwell
A Memorial to the Spanish Civil War is sited at the Duchess of Hamilton Park in Motherwell in Scotland.

It is dedicated to the 40 local volunteers of the International Brigades that fought for the Republican cause in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939. 11 of the volunteers were killed in the war. The journalist Ethel MacDonald was the only female volunteer to travel from Lanarkshire to fight in the conflict. The memorial is inscribed with the Republican motto '¡No Pasarán!' ('they shall not pass').

The memorial was erected by the No Pasaran Memorial Committee of North Lanarkshire. It was unveiled on 20 July 2013.

An annual service is held at the memorial to remember the local volunteers who went to fight for the Republican side in the war. The flag of the Spanish Republic has been flown from Motherwell Civic Centre by North Lanarkshire council on several occasions to remember the volunteers.

The memorial was vandalised with the words "Franco" and "vermin" in June 2021.

North Lanarkshire
North Lanarkshire (Scots: North Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the north-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns, and villages. It also borders East Dunbartonshire, Falkirk, Stirling, South Lanarkshire, and West Lothian. The council area covers parts of the historic counties of Dunbartonshire, Lanarkshire, and Stirlingshire. The council is based in Motherwell.

The area was formed in 1996, covering the districts of Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, Motherwell, and Monklands, plus the Chryston and Auchinloch areas from Strathkelvin district, all of which had been in the Strathclyde region between 1975 and 1996. As a new single-tier authority, North Lanarkshire became responsible for all functions previously performed by both the regional council and the district councils, which were abolished.
Aranyak Express
The 12885 / 12886 Aranyak Express is a superfast express train run by Indian Railways which connects the city of Kolkata (Shalimar) with Bhojudih. It operates daily except on Sunday. It travels the 311 km at an average speed of 56–58 km/h. It was originally Shalimar - Santaldih Aranyak Express. Recently it was extended to Bhojudih in Jharkhand State.

The Aranyak Express is hauled by Indian Railways WAP-4 class locomotives. Chair Car requires advance booking, whereas general coaches can be boarded with a general daily ticket. The Tatkal scheme is available in this train.

Tatkal scheme
The Tatkal Scheme is a ticketing program established by Indian Railways. The scheme is used for booking journeys at very short notice. The Indian Railways introduced it in all forms of reserved classes on almost all trains in India. It was introduced in 1997, when Nitish Kumar was the Railway Minister of India. Bookings can be made online and offline.
Poobah (band)
Poobah are a rock band from Youngstown, Ohio, U.S., which was founded in 1972 by Jim Gustafson. The band played classic 70s rock or simply rock. Especially the first record Let Me in is a rare collector's item. Prices between $300 and $900 for an original are not uncommon. Poobah released a total of 14 albums from 1972 to 2020. The band gained more popularity through the use of their songs in the television series Graves and the Hollywood film Josie.

Graves (TV series)
Graves is an American comedy television series, created by Joshua Michael Stern, that premiered on October 16, 2016, on Epix. The series stars Nick Nolte as the eponymous Richard Graves, a former President of the United States attempting to make amends for the mistakes he made in office. After two seasons, it was cancelled by Epix in 2017.
Tibor Joza
Tibor Joza (born 10 August 1986 in Halmstad) is a Swedish football player of Hungarian descent, who played as a defender. Joza has played for the Sweden U21s once, in a friendly 2-1 loss against Malta U21.

He started his career in IF Leikin, in 2002 he was signed by Halmstads BK, making his debut for the senior team in 2004. He was linked to Danish Kolding FC, however in December 2007 he signed a contract with Falkenbergs FF in Superettan. Following two successful seasons with Falkenberg he attracted the attention of Allsvenskan again and on November 10, 2010 BK Häcken confirmed the signing of Joza.

Halmstad
Halmstad (Swedish: [ˈhǎlmsta(d)] ⓘ) is a port, university, industrial and recreational city at the mouth of the Nissan river, in the province of Halland on the Swedish west coast.  Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County. The city had a population of 71,422 in 2020, out of a municipal total of over 100,000. Halmstad is Sweden's 19th-largest city by population and located about midway between Gothenburg (the second most populous) and Malmö (the third).
James Robert Brown
James Robert Brown FRSC (born 1949) is a Canadian philosopher of science. He is an emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto. In the philosophy of mathematics, he has advocated mathematical Platonism, visual reasoning, and in the philosophy of science he has defended scientific realism mostly against anti-realist views associated with social constructivism. He has also argued for the socialization of medical research (especially pharmaceutical research). He is largely known for his work on thought experiments.

Elected: Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina –
Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften) 2004, Royal Society of Canada 2007, Académie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences 2010.

Brown was born in Montreal, Quebec. He is married to the philosopher Kathleen Okruhlik.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
So um tempo
So um tempo is the debut album by the French-based Brazilian/Cape Verde duo Flavel & Neto. It was released on 28 June 2013 on Jive Epic, an affiliate of Sony Music. In France it was released by Sony Music.

The album contains the two major hits of Flavel & Neto, namely their version of "Eu Quero Tchu, Eu Quero Tcha" and both Portuguese and French versions of Pedida Perfeita (Tararatata)". The album stayed three weeks in SNEP, the official French Albums Chart peaking at number 156. It also reached number 56 on French iTunes Chart in downloads.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
2019 Klagenfurt Open
The 2019 Klagenfurt Open  was a professional nine-ball pool tournament and the sixth of seven Euro Tour events of the 2019 Euro Tour season. The men's event was held between 11 and 13 October, whilst the women's event was held from 13 to 14 October 2019, held at the Sportpark Klagenfurt in Klagenfurt, Austria. The event featured a total prize fund of €38,000, with the winner of each event winning €4,500.

Mario He was the defending champion of the men's event, having defeated Mark Gray 9–8 in the final of the 2018 Klagenfurt Open. He reached the last 32 of the competition, before losing 9–1 to Eklent Kaçi. Greece's Alexander Kazakis won the event, defeating Dutch player Marc Bijsterbosch in the final 9–8. The defending champion of the women's event was Austrian player Jasmin Ouschan who defeated Ana Gradišnik in the 2018 final. Poland's Oliwia Czuprynska won the event, defeating Ouschan in the semi-finals, and Belarusian Marharyta Fefilava in the final 7–5.

2019 Euro Tour season
The 2019 Euro Tour Season was a professional pool series of events on the Euro Tour held in 2019. The season featured six tournament for both men and five for women, with the first being the Leende Open and the last being the Antalya Open.
Victimulae
Victimulae (Ancient Greek: Ἰκτουμούλων, romanized: Iktoumoúlōn) also spelt Victumulae, Victimula, Victimuli or Ictimuli was a Roman settlement (probably pre-Roman in origin) located in Piedmont, in the south-west area of Biella, not far from Lake Viverone. It is believed to have been located on the slopes of the Serra Morenica d'Ivrea near the Bessa plateau. The closest contemporary settlement was San Secondo in Salussola.

It is believed that the village had already developed in pre-Roman times to house the metallurgical workforce exploiting the Bessa goldfield.

Gold objects found near Lake Viverone in a middle bronze age context suggest that extractive activity was already underway by this time. Numerous cup marked stones demonstrate middle iron age occupation by the Salassi who also controlled the territory of Biella with a part of the current province of Turin and the Aosta Valley.

Lago di Viverone
Lago di Viverone or Lake Viverone (Piedmontese: Lagh dël Vivron) is a lake in northern Italy. Named after the town of Viverone, lies at 230 m AMSL between the districts of Biella, Vercelli and Ivrea in the area of morainic hills known as Serra. It has an area of about 6 km2 and a maximum depth of 70 m, and a perimeter of about 10.5 km. The lake is 3,500 m long and 2,600 m wide. The southern and western parts of the lake are rich in vegetation while the north part is built-up and includes hotels, camping sites and beaches.

Ducks, mallard, coots, grebes and gulls form the major part of the fauna; angling is a popular activity with catches including common whitefish, perch, tench, pike and catfish.

Viverone is a centre for day trips and the lakeside communities of Lido, Masseria, Comuna and Anzasco have recently been connected by a boat service.

The lake is also an important archaeological site: villages made up of stilt houses were present here in the Bronze Age (1300–900 BCE).
Mad Grey Dawn
"Mad Grey Dawn" is the fifteenth episode of the second season, and 37th episode overall from the Fox series Gotham. The episode was written by Robert Hull and directed by Nick Copus. It was first broadcast on March 21, 2016. In the episode, Gordon and Bullock investigate a pair of clues in a museum, unaware that Edward Nygma is the perpetrator. Meanwhile, Bruce continues living in the streets with Selina and Cobblepot meets a man who knew about his mother.

The episode was watched by 3.89 million viewers, both a season and series low, but received positive reviews with Ben McKenzie and Michael Chiklis' performances praised, especially during the interrogation scene as well as Nygma's character development.

Selina Kyle (Gotham character)
Selina Kyle, nicknamed "Cat", is a fictional character on the Fox TV series Gotham. Based on the DC Comics character of the same name who goes on to become Catwoman, Selina is a morally ambiguous street thief who becomes an ally and later love interest to Bruce Wayne, the orphaned son of Thomas and Martha Wayne. Camren Bicondova portrays Selina Kyle for the majority of Gotham's run, but is replaced by Lili Simmons as an adult in the series finale.