hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sandstrom v. Montana
Sandstrom v. Montana, 442 U.S. 510 (1979), is a United States Supreme Court case that reaffirmed the prosecution's burden of proof of the mental element of a crime by striking down a jury instruction that "the law presumes that a person intends the ordinary consequences of his voluntary acts". In Francis v. Franklin,  471 U.S. 307 (1985), Justice Brennan wrote about "Sandstrom and the wellspring due process principal from which it is drawn" as follows:

Sandstrom v. Montana made clear that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits a State from making use of jury instructions that have the effect of relieving the State of the burden of proof on the critical question of intent in a criminal prosecution.

Due Process Clause
A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law.

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government.
Dave Panichi
Dave Panichi is an Australian jazz Musician, trombonist and composer who began his professional musical career in 1975.

In 1981 Panichi moved to New York, where he lived for 18 years.  During this time he performed with notable artists including the Buddy Rich Big Band, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Blood Sweat & Tears, Slide Hampton, Bob Mintzer, Maria Schneider, Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, Joe Williams, Aretha Franklin, Mel Tormé, Peabo Bryson, Dave Liebman, Mulgrew Miller and Marc Copland.

In 2000, Panichi moved back to Australia where he is currently active in teaching, performing, and composing. He is currently a casual lecturer in trombone at Sydney Conservatorium of Music.

Drummer Buddy Rich threatened to fire Panichi during his time with Rich's band for having a beard. The altercation was taped and included in a series of bootlegs showcasing Rich's temper.

Toshiko Akiyoshi
Toshiko Akiyoshi (秋吉敏子 or 穐吉敏子, Akiyoshi Toshiko; born 12 December 1929) is a Japanese jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader.

Akiyoshi received fourteen Grammy Award nominations and was the first woman to win Best Arranger and Composer awards in Down Beat magazine's annual Readers' Poll. In 1984, she was the subject of the documentary Jazz Is My Native Language. In 1996, she published her autobiography, Life with Jazz, and in 2007 she was named an NEA Jazz Master by the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts.
Dallara F3 2019
The Dallara F3 2019 was an open-wheel racing car developed by Italian manufacturer Dallara for use in the FIA Formula 3 Championship, a feeder series for Formula One. The F3 2019 was the first car used by the FIA Formula 3 Championship and was introduced for the championship's inaugural season and was used until the 2024 season before being replaced by planned Dallara F3 2025 from 2025 season onwards. As the Formula 3 Championship is a spec series, the F3 2019 raced by every team and driver competing in the series. The F3 2019 was unveiled at the weekend of the final GP3 Series round in Abu Dhabi in November 2018 and later made its first public appearance when teams contesting the inaugural championship completed a test day at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours in February 2019.

As of 2025, the Dallara F3 2019 remains the longest-serving FIA Formula 3 Championship chassis usage since 2019 through 2024 seasons.

Open-wheel car
An open-wheel car is a car with the wheels outside the car's main body, and usually having only one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or inside fenders. Open-wheel cars are built both for road racing and oval track racing. Open-wheel cars licensed for use on public roads (street legal), such as the Ariel Atom, are uncommon, as they are often impractical for everyday use.
Huang Shouhong
Huang Shouhong (Chinese: 黄守宏; born June 1964) is a Chinese politician who is currently the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary and first vice president of the Central Institute of Socialism.

He is a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He previously was the director of the State Council Research Office, from July 2016 to September 2024.

19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was elected by the 19th National Congress in 2017, and sat until the next National Congress was convened in 2022. It formally succeeded the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

The first plenary session in 2017 was responsible for electing the bodies in which the authority of the Central Committee is invested when it is not in session: the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. It was also responsible for approving the members of the Secretariat, 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and its Standing Committee. The third plenary session in 2018 nominated candidates for state positions. The fourth plenary session issued a decision on modernizing governance.
Righteous but Ruthless
Righteous but Ruthless is the second album by the American rapper King Sun, released in 1990. The first two singles were "Be Black" and "Undercover Lover". Many of the tracks met resistance from Black and urban radio stations due to their religious and political content. Righteous but Ruthless peaked at No. 54 on Billboard's Top R&B Albums chart. King Sun supported the album with live dates that included Terminator X and Redhead Kingpin. Righteous but Ruthless was King Sun's final album with Profile Records, as he felt that the label did not promote it.

Redhead Kingpin and the F.B.I.
Redhead Kingpin and the F.B.I. was an American hip-hop and new jack swing group best known for its debut single and  highest-charting song, "Do the Right Thing" from its album A Shade of Red, which peaked at No. 13 on the UK singles chart in 1989. The song was featured on the soundtrack of Wes Craven's horror film The People Under the Stairs (1991).
Păltiniș, Botoșani
Păltiniș is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Cuzlău, Horodiștea, Păltiniș, and Slobozia.

The commune is located in the northern part of the county, on the border with Ukraine. Horodiștea village is situated at 48º15'N; this is the northernmost point in Romania.

Romania–Ukraine border
The Romania–Ukraine border  is the state border between Romania and Ukraine. It consists of both a land and a maritime boundary. The total border length is 613.8 km (381.4 mi) including 292.2 km (181.6 mi) by rivers and 33 km (21 mi) by the Black Sea. It is part of the external border of the European Union (since Romania's accession to the EU in January 2007).

The maritime delimitation between the two countries, including the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone was adjudicated at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2009.
Petrocelli (surname)
Petrocelli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Achille Petrocelli (c. 1861–1896), Italian painter

Antonio Petrocelli (born 1953), American actor, comedian and writer

Arturo Petrocelli (1856–after 1916), Italian painter

Daniel M. Petrocelli (born 1953),  American defense attorney

Rico Petrocelli (born 1943), American former Major League Baseball shortstop and third baseman

Vincenzo Petrocelli (1825–1896), Italian painter

Daniel M. Petrocelli
Daniel M. Petrocelli (born August 15, 1953, in East Orange, New Jersey) is a partner at O’Melveny & Myers LLP and the Chair of the firm’s Trial Practice Committee. Petrocelli is known in part for his work in a 1997 wrongful death civil suit against O. J. Simpson, for representing Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling, and for his leading role in defeating the US Department of Justice’s attempt to block the merger of AT&T and Time Warner.
Vincenzo Voce
Vincenzo Voce (born 5 April 1962 in Crotone) is an Italian politician.

He ran for Mayor of Crotone at the 2020 Italian local elections, supported by the civic list Tesoro Calabria (Treasure Calabria) and other civic parties. He was elected at the second round with 63.95% and took office on 7 October 2020. On 27 March 2021, as a stand against 'intolerance, verbal and physical violence, and racism', Voce gave honorary citizenship of the city to the son of Crotone's Simeon Nwankwo after the Nigerian footballer was subject to cyber racism, including wishes that his son die of pancreatic cancer.

FC Crotone
Football Club Crotone S.r.l., commonly referred to as Crotone, is an Italian football club based in Crotone, Calabria. They play in the third division of Italian football, the Serie C. Founded on 20 September 1910, it holds its home games at Stadio Ezio Scida, which has a 16,647-seat capacity.
David A. Wardle
David A. Wardle FRSNZ (born 1963) is a Swedish-New Zealand ecologist. He is a professor of ecology at Umeå University in Sweden. After obtaining a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Canterbury he completed a Doctor of Philosophy degree under Dennis Parkinson at the University of Calgary in 1989, and then worked in New Zealand at Landcare Research before moving to the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Umeå. Wardle is a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand.

In 1999 he was awarded the New Zealand Association of Scientists Research Medal for his ecological work on the associations between above-ground and below-ground communities. He was the recipient of the Te Tohu Taiao – Award for Ecological Excellence from New Zealand Ecological Society in 2001, awarded annually to a New Zealand scientist on the basis of research and application in ecology. In 2010 he became a Wallenberg Scholar.

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Swedish Agricultural University; Swedish: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet; SLU) is a public research university in Sweden. Although its main campus and head office is located in Ultuna, Uppsala, the university has several campuses in different parts of Sweden; the other main facilities being Alnarp in Lomma Municipality, Skara, and Umeå.

Unlike other state-owned universities in Sweden, SLU is funded through the budget for the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation (previously the Ministry for Rural Affairs). In 2020, the university had 3,155 full-time staff, 4,216 full-time students, 559 research students and 191 professors.

SLU is a founding member of the Euroleague for Life Sciences (ELLS), established in 2001.
John Schneiter
John Schneiter (1899 – 15 September 1976) was a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the late 1920s and early 1930s. At the 1928 Winter Olympics he was a member of the Swiss team Suisse II which finished 13th in the five man competition. He won a silver medal in the four-man event at the first FIBT World Championships in Montreux, Switzerland, at the Caux-sur-Montreux hotel in 1930.

Montreux
Montreux (UK: /mɒ̃ˈtrɜː/, US: /mɒ̃ˈtroʊ/; French: [mɔ̃tʁø] ⓘ; Arpitan: Montrolx) is a Swiss municipality and town on the shoreline of Lake Geneva at the foot of the Alps. It belongs to the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud, having a population of nearly 27,000 with about 85,000 in the Vevey-Montreux agglomeration as of 2019.

Located in the centre of a region named the Vaud or Swiss Riviera (French: Riviera vaudoise), Montreux has been an important tourist destination since the 19th century due to its mild climate. The region includes numerous Belle Époque palaces and hotels near the shores of Lake Geneva. Montreux railway station is a stop on the Simplon Railway and is a mountain railway hub.
1932 Tour of Flanders
The 16th edition of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic race was held on Sunday, 13 March 1932. Belgian Romain Gijssels won the Monument for a second time. Of the 120 starting cyclists, 44 reached the finish.

Romain Gijssels
Romain Gijssels (Denderwindeke, 10 March 1907 – Paris, 31 March 1978) was a Belgian professional road bicycle racer between 1930 and 1936.

In 1932, Gijssels won both the Tour of Flanders and Paris–Roubaix in the same season, which (up to 2024) has only been accomplished by eleven riders.
Jeff Burch
Jeff Burch is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 2018 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Niagara Centre as a member of the Ontario New Democratic Party.

Prior to his election to the legislature Burch was the executive director of Niagara Folk Arts, a non–profit social services agency, and served as city councillor for Merritton Ward for St. Catharines City Council.

St. Catharines City Council
The St. Catharines City Council is the governing body of the City of St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.

The council consists of the mayor plus twelve elected councillors, with two councilors representing each of the six municipal wards. A deputy mayor is selected from among the city councillors who serves as acting mayor in the absence of the mayor.
2019 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships
The 2019 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships were contested from March 27–30, 2019 at the Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center at University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas at the 96th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.

Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center
The Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center is an aquatics facility at the University of Texas at Austin in the USA. It is home to the university's swimming and diving teams, a variety of university-offered swimming and scuba-diving classes, as well as Longhorn Aquatics, a youth program. The facility also hosts the annual State high school championships in swimming and diving, run by the University Interscholastic League.

The building is named after UT graduate and longtime benefactor Joe Jamail and his wife Lee. Before the Jamail's name was placed on the facility in the mid-1990s, the building was known simply as the "Texas Swimming Center". The view of the Texas State Capitol from the building's terrace became one of the Capitol View Corridors protected under state and local law from obstruction by tall buildings in 1983.
2023 Fitzgibbon Cup
The 2023 Fitzgibbon Cup was the 106th staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. It is sponsored by Electric Ireland, and known as the Electric Ireland HE GAA Fitzgibbon Cup for sponsorship purposes. The draw for the group stage fixtures took place on 14 December 2022. The cup ran from 18 January to 18 February 2023.

University of Limerick were the defending champions.

The Fitzgibbon Cup final was played on 18 February 2023 at the SETU Waterford Complex, between University of Limerick and University of Galway, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. University of Limerick won the match by 4–19 to 1–13 to claim their eighth Fitzgibbon Cup title overall and a second title in succession.

University of Galway's Evan Niland was the top scorer with 1-52.

Electric Ireland
Electric Ireland (Irish: Leictreachas Éireann) is an Irish utility company that supplies electricity, gas and related services to business and residential customers in Ireland. It is the supply division of the Electricity Supply Board, the state-owned former monopoly electricity company in Ireland. The company now operates in an open market, competing for the retail supply of gas and electricity to consumers. Electric Ireland also sells a variety of energy-related products and services including smart home technology, electric vehicle home chargers, solar PV panels, battery storage.

The business was known previously as ESB Customer Supply and ESB Independent Energy before 4 April 2011. Those brands were transitional; in January 2012, all references to ESB were dropped and it is simply known as Electric Ireland.
Sir Egerton Leigh, 1st Baronet
Sir Egerton Leigh, 1st Baronet (11 October 1733 – 15 September 1781), was a British colonial jurist, who served as HM Attorney-General of South Carolina. A Loyalist, Sir Egerton fled South Carolina for England in 1774, returning in 1780.

Loyalism
Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to historical loyalty to the British Crown, notably with the loyalist opponents of the American Revolution, and United Empire Loyalists who moved to the remaining colonies of British North America after the revolution.
Madrid Ladies Open
The Comunidad de Madrid Ladies Open is a professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour, first played in 2022.

The tournament will be the first of the 2022 LET season to be played on European soil after events in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia. It marks the LET's return to Madrid after nine years of absence, the city last hosted the Open de España Femenino in 2013.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
Sustainable (song)
"Sustainable" (サステナブル, Sasutenaburu) is the 56th single by Japanese idol group AKB48. It was released in Japan by King Records on September 18, 2019, in seven versions. It debuted at number one on the Oricon Singles Chart and Billboard Japan Hot 100, with over 1.6 million copies sold in Japan in its first week, making it the highest weekly sales of the year. It was the best-selling single of 2019 in Japan.
The lead performer for the main track is Moeka Yahagi, and this is also her last single as well.

This single is released in four physical different version, Type A, Type B, Type C and Theater Edition.

King Records (Japan)
King Record Co., Ltd. (キングレコード株式会社, Kingu Rekōdo Kabushiki gaisha), commonly known as King Records, is a Japanese record company founded in January 1931 as a division of the Japanese publisher Kodansha. It initially began operating as an independent entity in the 1950s. It later became part of the Otowa Group. Today, King Records is one of Japan's largest record companies which is not owned by a multinational entity. The label's headquarters are in Bunkyo, Tokyo.

The label's name is actually based from the now-defunct Kingu magazine published by Kodansha from 1924 to 1957.
Supreme Tribunal of Justice
A number of national supreme courts style themselves "Supreme Tribunals of Justice":

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Bolivia) (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia)

Superior Court of Justice (Brazil) (Superior Tribunal de Justiça)

Supreme Court of Justice (Portugal) (Supremo Tribunal de Justiça)

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Venezuela)

Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile

Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Bolivia
The Supreme Court of Justice (Spanish: Tribunal Supremo de Justicia) is the highest court of ordinary jurisdiction in Bolivia, based in Sucre. Its powers are set out in Articles 181–185 of the 2009 Constitution and the Law of the Judicial Organ (Law 025, promulgated on 24 June 2010). It was first seated on 2 January 2012.
The Bossé Empire
The Bossé Empire (French: L'Empire Bo$$é) is a Canadian mockumentary film, directed by Claude Desrosiers and released in 2012. The film traces the rise and fall of Bernard Bossé (Guy A. Lepage), a man who grew from humble beginnings to become the wealthiest man in Quebec by delving into absolutely every sector of economic activity regardless of whether it was legal or illegal.

The film's cast also includes Claude Legault, Valérie Blais, Magalie Lépine-Blondeau, Élise Guilbault, James Hyndman, Gabriel Arcand, Benoît McGinnis, Cynthia Wu-Maheux and Yves Pelletier.

The film was released to theatres on March 16, 2012. Marketing efforts for the film included the creation of a fake website for Bossé's corporate empire.

Benoît McGinnis
Benoît McGinnis is a Canadian theatre, film and television actor who was nominated for a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in Le Banquet. McGinnis has also appeared in other works including the hit TV series Les hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin and the Canadian movies Heartbeats (Les Amours imaginaires) and Love Project (Love Projet). He graduated from the National Theatre School of Canada in 2001.
DDoS-Guard
DDoS-Guard is a Russian Internet infrastructure company which provides DDoS protection and web hosting services. Researchers and journalists have alleged that many of DDoS-Guard's clients are engaged in criminal activity, and investigative reporter Brian Krebs reported in January 2021 that a "vast number" of the websites hosted by DDoS-Guard are "phishing sites and domains tied to cybercrime services or forums online". Some of DDoS-Guard's notable clients have included American alt-tech social network Parler, and various groups associated with the Russian state.

Alt-tech
Alt-tech is a collection of social networking, online video, blogging and other platforms and services that provide alternatives to "Big Tech" platforms and services. The term "alt-tech" is a portmanteau of "alt-right" and "Big Tech".

Alt-tech platforms employ looser content moderation and stronger privacy protections than mainstream platforms. They describe themselves as protectors of free speech and individual liberty, though some researchers have also pointed out such platforms' potential use for recruitment and mobilization by extremist groups.
XE-class submarine
The XE-class submarines were a series of twelve midget submarines that were built for the Royal Navy during 1944; four more to a slightly different design were built 1954-5 as the Stickleback class. They were an improved version of the X class used in the attack on the German battleship Tirpitz.

They carried a crew of four, typically a lieutenant in command, with a sub-lieutenant as deputy, an engine room artificer in charge of the mechanical side and a seaman or leading-seaman. At least one of them was qualified as a diver.

In addition to the two side charges (each of which contained two tons of amatol explosive), they carried around six 20-pound (9 kg) limpet mines which were attached to the target by the diver.

They and their depot ship HMS Bonaventure arrived at Labuan in July 1945. Four of them managed to take part in operations before the war ended.

Military diving
Underwater divers may be employed in any branch of an armed force, including the navy, army, marines, air force and coast guard.
Scope of operations includes: search and recovery, search and rescue, hydrographic survey, explosive ordnance disposal, demolition, underwater engineering, salvage, ships husbandry, reconnaissance, infiltration, sabotage, counterifiltration, underwater combat and security.