hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yang Xuanzhi
Yang Xuanzhi (fl. 6th century AD) was a Chinese official and translator of Mahayana Buddhist texts into the Chinese language during the Tuoba Northern Wei Dynasty in China's Northern and Southern dynastic period. He is primarily remembered as the author of a history of the Buddhist temples and monasteries of Luoyang in Henan Province, at the time the capital of the Wei Empire.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
Kulibukhna
Kulibukhna (Russian: Кулибухна; Dargwa: ХъулибухӀна) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tsudakharsky Selsoviet, Levashinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 409 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

Levashinsky District
Levashinsky District (Russian: Левашинский райо́н; Dargwa: Лавашала къатI; Avar: Лаваша мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 830 square kilometers (320 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Levashi. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 70,704, with the population of Levashi accounting for 14.2% of that number.
Zapada columbiana
Zapada columbiana is a species in the family Nemouridae ("spring stoneflies"), in the order Plecoptera ("stoneflies"). The species is known generally as the "Columbian forestfly".
It is found in North America.

Plecoptera
Plecoptera is an order of insects commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin.

Plecoptera are found in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, and the populations are quite distinct, although the evolutionary evidence suggests species may have crossed the equator on a number of occasions before once again becoming geographically isolated.

All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and the presence of their nymphs in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality.
Boris Batanov
Boris Alekseyevich Batanov (Russian: Борис Алексеевич Батанов; 15 July 1934 in Moscow – 18 June 2004 in Moscow) was a Soviet football player.

The father of figure skater Elena Batanova, father in law of hockey player Igor Larionov.

Igor Larionov
Igor Nikolayevich Larionov (Russian: Игорь Николаевич Ларионов; born 3 December 1960) is a Russian ice hockey coach, sports agent and former professional ice hockey player, known as "the Professor". Considered one of the best hockey players of all time, he, along with Viacheslav Fetisov, were instrumental in forcing the Soviet government to let Soviet players compete in the National Hockey League (NHL). During his career, which lasted from 1977 to 2006, he primarily played the centre position.

Larionov won the Stanley Cup three times with the Detroit Red Wings (1997, 1998, 2002) and was inducted as a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame on 10 November 2008. He was also a member of Detroit's famed Russian Five line. His international career was recognized with induction into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2008.
The Mustard Grain
The Mustard Grain (Spanish: El grano de mostaza) is a 1962 Spanish comedy film directed and written by José Luis Sáenz de Heredia. It stars Manolo Gómez Bur, Rafael Alonso, Amparo Soler Leal, Gracita Morales and José Bódalo.

Gracita Morales
María Gracia Morales Carvajal (11 November 1928 – 3 April 1995) better known as Gracita Morales was a classic Spanish film actress with a famous high-pitched voice. She was one of the most popular Spanish actresses of the 1960s and 1970s, in both leading and supporting roles. Some of her more notable films included Atraco a las tres (1962, as Enriqueta), Sor Citroën (1967), and ¡Cómo está el servicio! (1968). She acted in many films as a maid. By the end of the 1970s she had performed in nearly 100 films. After this her health declined and her career diminished as she battled severe depression and addiction to pills. She remained active as a stage actress up until 1991. She died in Madrid on 3 April 1995 of respiratory failure.
Tuminec
Tuminec (Albanian: Tuminec, formally Bezmisht and Kallamas; Macedonian/Bulgarian: Туминец) is a village just north of the Albanian portion of Lake Prespa in the Pustec Municipality of the Korçë County. The villages of Konjsko and Stenje are opposite the Albania-North Macedonia border from Tuminec.

Korçë County
Korçë County (Albanian: Qarku Korçë), officially the County of Korçë (Albanian: Qarku i Korçës), is a county in the Southern Region of the Republic of Albania. It is the largest by area and the fifth most populous of the twelve counties, with more than 173,000 people within an area of 3,711 km2 (1,433 sq mi). The county borders on North Macedonia to the northeast and Greece to the southeast, the counties of Elbasan to the northwest, Berat to the west and Gjirokastër to the southwest. It is divided into six municipalities, Korçë, Devoll, Kolonjë, Maliq, Pogradec and Pustec, with all of whom incorporate thirty-seven administrative units.
Obniże
Obniże [ɔbˈniʐɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drohiczyn, within Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

According to the 1921 census, the village was inhabited by 209 people, among whom 196 were Roman Catholic and 13 Mosaic. At the same time, 201 inhabitants declared Polish nationality, 8 Jewish. There were 39 residential buildings in the village.

1921 Polish census
The Polish census of 1921 or First General Census in Poland (Polish: Pierwszy Powszechny Spis Ludności) was the first census in the Second Polish Republic, performed on September 30, 1921, by the Main Bureau of Statistics (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). It was followed by the Polish census of 1931.
G9
G9, G.IX, G09 or G-9 has several uses including:

Group of Nine, a group of nine European states

G9 (consortium), a group of nine Australian internet providers

G9 (album), the debut album of rapper Gloc-9

G9, a standard bipin lightbulb socket

G9, or FRG9, short for Fòs Revolisyonè G9 an fanmi e alye (Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies), a coalition of armed gangs in Haiti

G9, the IATA airline designator for Air Arabia

G9 star, a subclass of G-class stars

Canon PowerShot G9, a digital camera

County Route G9 (California)

Foton Grand General G9, a mid-size pickup truck

Gotha G.IX, a 1918 German bomber aircraft

Group 9 elements of the periodic table

HMS G9, a British submarine

HMS Quilliam (G09), a 1941 British Royal Navy Q class destroyer

Nachtjagdgeschwader 1, from its historic Geschwaderkennung code with the Luftwaffe in World War II

Panasonic Lumix DC-G9, a mirrorless system camera body

Foton Grand General G9
The Foton Grand General G9 (Chinese: 福田 大将军G9), or Foton Dajiangjun G9 in Chinese, is a mid-size pickup truck made by Foton in 2021 and shown at the 2020 Beijing Auto Show originally as the Foton Grand General.
2013 Moldovan Super Cup
The 2013 Moldovan Super Cup was the seventh Moldovan Super Cup (Romanian: Supercupa Moldovei), an annual Moldovan football match played by the winner of the national football league (the National Division) and the winner of the national Cup. The match was played between Sheriff Tiraspol, champions of the 2012–13 National Division, and Tiraspol, winners of the 2012–13 Moldovan Cup. It was held at the Sheriff Stadium on 29 June 2013.

Sheriff Tiraspol won the match 2–0.

Sheriff Arena
Sheriff Arena (Russian: Главная арена спорткомплекса «Шериф»; Romanian: Arena principală a complexului sportiv „Sheriff”) is home to Sheriff Tiraspol, a football team based in Tiraspol, capital of Transnistria, a breakaway region of Moldova. It is owned by the local Sheriff corporation. It has a capacity of 12,746.

The stadium occupies more than 40 hectares and consists of the main field plus five other fields, training fields, a covered indoor arena for winter use as well as a soccer school for children and on-site residences for the players of Sheriff Tiraspol.

In June 2022, UEFA ordered that no European games would be permitted to be played in Transnistria, as a direct consequence of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Sheriff played all of their home fixtures in the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League and 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League at Zimbru Stadium in Chișinău.
Ilona Kronstein
Ilona (Ili) Kronstein (née Neumann, 1897–1948) was a Jewish, Budapest-born artist. Although Kronstein was originally a graphic artist by trade, her artistic style evolved over her lifetime. Her works were newly discovered in the late 1990s and were later exhibited at the Jewish Museum in Vienna, Austria.

Jewish Museum Vienna
The Jüdisches Museum Wien, trading as Jüdisches Museum der Stadt Wien GmbH or the Jewish Museum Vienna, is a museum of Jewish history, life and religion in Austria. The museum is present on two locations, in the Palais Eskeles in the Dorotheergasse and in the Judenplatz, and has distinguished itself by a very active programme of exhibitions and outreach events highlighting the past and present of Jewish culture in Austria. The current director is Barbara Staudinger and the chief curator is Hannes Sulzenbacher.
Pariangan
Pariangan is a Minangkabau village located in the regency of Tanah Datar, West Sumatra province, Indonesia. The village is located on the lower slopes of Mount Marapi, a highly active volcano, at a distance of fifteen kilometres from the market town of Batu Sangkar. Despite its size, the village is of great cultural and historical significance to the Minangkabau people.

Minangkabau people
The Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Bangso Minangkabau, Urang Minangkabau or Urang Awak, lit. 'our people', Jawi script: منڠكبو; Indonesian: Orang Minangkabau; Malay: Orang Minangkabau, Jawi script: أورڠ مينڠکاباو), Minangkabos, or simply Minang, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837).

Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands.
Meghna Group of Industries
Meghna Group of Industries (MGI) is a Bangladeshi industrial conglomerate. It has business interests in chemicals, cement, consumer products, real estate, insurance, securities, and utilities, among others.

Rice mill
A rice mill is a food-processing facility where paddy (unmilled rice) is processed by cleaning the grain, removing the hull, sorting, and packing the rice, leaving it in its final form for sale to consumers.
Tadija Miletić
Tadija Miletić (Serbian Cyrillic: Тадија Милетић) is a Serbian stage director, dramaturge, and motivational speaker. He is the founder of the organization Kulturni element, director of the "Lazar Jovanović" International Opera Competition, and the founder of the artistic educational center Kulturni institut. He is an associate professor at the Academy of Arts, Belgrade Dance Institute and the Faculty of Contemporary Arts in Belgrade, where he also served as the head of the drama department. Miletić is noted as having one of the highest measured IQs in Serbia by Mensa Serbia, where he was a long-serving member of the presidency. He has staged over thirty operas, plays, and other projects.

Mensa International
Mensa International is the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world. It is a non-profit organization open to people who score at the 98th percentile or higher on a standardised, supervised IQ or other approved intelligence test. Mensa formally comprises national groups and the umbrella organisation Mensa International, with a registered office in Caythorpe, Lincolnshire, England, which is separate from the British Mensa office in Wolverhampton.
Cape Wadworth
Cape Wadworth is the northern extremity of Coulman Island, in the Ross Sea just off Victoria Land. Discovered 17 January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named it to compliment his wife's uncle, Robert John Coulman of Wadworth Hall, Doncaster.

Wadworth Hall
Wadworth Hall is a grade I listed Manor House, in the village of Wadworth (near Doncaster), England. It was built in 1749 for the Wordsworth family by the renowned northern architect James Paine. It is currently a private residence and has been since approximately 1995. The house, however, has served a number of purposes over the past 250 years.

The building is constructed of magnesian limestone ashlar with a Westmorland slate roof. The main block is 3 by 4 bays in two storeys with attics with a later service wing attached.
Martin Luther and antisemitism
Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German professor of theology, priest, and seminal leader of the Reformation. His positions on Judaism continue to be controversial. These changed dramatically from his early career, where he showed concern for the plight of European Jews, to his later years, when he became outspokenly antisemitic in his statements and writings.

Julius Streicher
Julius Sebastian Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a German publicist, politician and convicted war criminal. A member of the Nazi Party, he served as the Gauleiter (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the Reichstag, the national legislature. He was the founder and publisher of the virulently antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer, which became a central element of the Nazi propaganda machine. The publishing firm was financially very successful and made Streicher a multimillionaire.

After the war, Streicher was convicted of crimes against humanity during the Nuremberg trials. Specifically, he was found to have continued his vitriolic antisemitic propaganda when he was well aware that Jews were being murdered. For this, he was executed by hanging. Streicher was the first member of the Nazi regime held accountable for inciting genocide by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
Saad Ait Khorsa
Saad Ait Khorsa (Arabic: سعد آيت خورسة; born (1994-01-03)3 January 1994 in Safi, Morocco) is a Moroccan footballer who plays as a defender for FUS Rabat.

He is considered to be one of the best left backs in Botola. He scored in the last group stage match of the 2017 UAFA Club Championship to help secure the qualification of his club to the semi-final.

Safi, Morocco
Safi (Arabic: آسفي, romanized: ʾāsafī) is a city in western Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of Safi Province. It recorded a population of 346,000 as of 2024. The city was occupied by the Portuguese Empire from 1488 to 1541, was the center of Morocco's weaving industry, and became a fortaleza of the Portuguese Crown in 1508. Safi is the main fishing port for the country's sardine industry, and also exports phosphates, textiles and ceramics. During the Second World War, Safi was the site of Operation Blackstone, one of the landing sites for Operation Torch.
Ingrao
Ingrao is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Ingrao (born 1948), historian and public intellectual

Chiara Ingrao (born 1949), Italian politician

Francesco Ingrao (1843–1918), Italian politician

Ignazio Ingrao (born 1969), Italian journalist

Marco Ingrao (born 1982), Belgian-Italian footballer

Pietro Ingrao (1915–2015), Italian politician and journalist

Pietro Ingrao
Pietro Ingrao (30 March 1915 – 27 September 2015) was an Italian politician and journalist who participated in the Italian resistance movement. 
For many years, he was a senior figure in the Italian Communist Party (PCI).
Peter Middleton (footballer)
Peter Watson Middleton (13 September 1948 – April 1977) was an English professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent almost all of his career with Bradford City. His career was cut short following an accident just days after his Plymouth Argyle debut.

He was one of eight children, including four boys, born in Rawmarsh, Yorkshire, England. One of his brothers, John, also played for Bradford City.

He was found dead in his car in 1977.

Rawmarsh
Rawmarsh (locally /ˈroʊmɪʃ/) is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, in South Yorkshire, England. Historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is 2 miles (3 km) north-northeast from Rotherham town centre and 3 miles (5 km) south-southwest of Swinton. The village also forms part of the Sheffield Urban Area. The Rawmarsh ward of Rotherham MBC had a population of 13,389 at the 2011 Census. Rawmarsh also contains other output areas from neighbouring wards giving it a population of 18,498 in 2011 and 18,535 in 2014.
NECTEC
Thailand's National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) is a statutory government organization under the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. Its main responsibilities are to undertake, support, and promote the development of electronic, computing, telecommunication, and information technologies through research and development activities. NECTEC also disseminates and transfers such technologies for contribution to the economic growth and social development in the country, following the National Economic and Social Development Plan.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Hojatollah Khatib
Hojatollah Khatib (Persian: حجت‌الله خطیب) was the chairman of famous multisport club Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club  based in Tehran, Iran between July 2004 and December 2005.
He died on 26 April 2015.

Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club
Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club (Persian:باشگاه فرهنگی ورزشی پرسپولیس) is an Iranian multisport club based in Tehran, Iran. It was established by Ali Abdo. The club is most known for its football team, Persepolis F.C. which competes in the Iran Pro League. It also fields teams in futsal, taekwondo, volleyball, wrestling, handball, swimming, weightlifting, wheelchair basketball, judo, athletics, goalball, and chess. Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club also owns and operates Persepolis University, Persepolis TV and Radio, Persepolis Energy Drink, and Persepolis Restaurants.
Rama (video game)
Rama is a point and click adventure game developed by the Dynamix subsidiary of publisher Sierra On-Line and released for MS-DOS and Windows in 1996 and Classic Mac OS in 1997. A PlayStation version was released in 1998 exclusively in Japan. The game is based upon Arthur C. Clarke's books Rendezvous with Rama and Rama II, combining elements of their plots with a story that sees the player assuming the role of a replacement crew member for an expedition to investigate an interstellar ship and uncover its mysteries.

The game was praised for its music, story, and alien creatures. Critics mentioned similarities to Myst. It is the second game that Clarke was involved in, following the 1984 interactive fiction game Rendezvous with Rama by Telarium. A sequel to Rama was planned, but not developed.

Telarium
Telarium Corporation (formerly Trillium) was a brand owned by Spinnaker Software. The brand was launched in 1984 and Spinnaker was sold in 1994. The headquarters were located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. The President of Telarium was C. David Seuss, the founder and CEO of Spinnaker Software.
American Nutrition Association
The American Nutrition Association (ANA) is a 501(c)(3) charitable non-profit organization established to encourage the scientific investigation of nutrition and metabolism.  The ANA publishes the Journal of the American Nutrition Association and hosts scientific conferences in the U.S. and in Europe. It is headquartered in Hinsdale, Illinois.

Previously known as the American College of Nutrition, in 2019 together with the Board for Certification of Nutrition Specialists, the Center for Nutrition Advocacy, and the American Nutrition Association Foundation, affiliated together as the American Nutrition Association. The four organizations remain legally independent entities but share a single website together.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Bottighofen railway station
Bottighofen railway station (German: Bahnhof Bottighofen) is a railway station in Bottighofen, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is an intermediate stop on the Lake line and is served as a request stop by local trains only.

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.