hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concord Hymn
"Concord Hymn" (original title "Hymn: Sung at the Completion of the Concord Monument, April 19, 1836") is a poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson written for the 1837 dedication of an obelisk monument in Concord, Massachusetts, commemorating the battles of Lexington and Concord, a series of battles and skirmishes on April 19, 1775 which sparked the American Revolutionary War. The poem was the origin of the phrase "shot heard round the world".

Obelisk
An obelisk (/ˈɒbəlɪsk/; from Ancient Greek  ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós) ' spit, nail, pointed pillar'), less often spelled obelisque, is a tall, slender, tapered monument with four sides and a pyramidal or pyramidion top. Originally constructed by Ancient Egyptians and called tekhenu, the Greeks used the Greek term obeliskos to describe them, and this word passed into Latin and ultimately English. Though William Thomas used the term correctly in his Historie of Italie of 1549, by the late sixteenth century (after reduced contact with Italy following the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth), Shakespeare failed to distinguish between pyramids and obelisks in his plays and sonnets. Ancient obelisks are monolithic and consist of a single stone; most modern obelisks are made of several stones.
Lipscomb Bisons men's soccer
The Lipscomb Bisons men's soccer team represents Lipscomb University in all NCAA Division I men's college soccer competitions. The Bisons play in the ASUN Conference, where they are the two-time defending A-Sun champions.

Atlantic Sun Conference
The Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) is a collegiate athletic conference operating mostly in the Southeastern United States, competing at the NCAA Division I level. Originally established as the Trans America Athletic Conference (TAAC) in 1978, it was renamed as the Atlantic Sun Conference in 2001, and briefly rebranded as the ASUN Conference from 2016 to 2023. The conference still uses "ASUN" as an official abbreviation. The conference headquarters are located in Jacksonville.
LTV A-7P Corsair II
The Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) operated 50 LTV A-7 Corsair II aircraft in the anti-ship, air interdiction and air defense roles between 1981 and 1999. The Portuguese government acquired the Corsair II to replace the PoAF's North American F-86 Sabre fighters, with two orders being placed for a total of 50 A-7Ps and TA-7Ps. As part of the program one TA-7C belonging to the United States Navy was also loaned to the PoAF.

During its 18 years of service in the PoAF the A-7 fleet suffered 14 accidents and suffered from numerous maintenance and logistic problems in its last years of service due to the lack of spare parts and financial problems. Nevertheless, the program was seen as a success due to the evolution that it allowed the Air Force in aircraft maintenance, with focus in modern computer and electronic systems, and in the qualification of technicians and the modernization of the Portuguese military aviation industry.

Monte Real Air Base
Monte Real Air Base, officially designated as Air Force Base No. 5 (Portuguese: Base Aérea Nº 5, BA5), is a Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) air base located in Monte Real, Leiria, Portugal. Its mission is to guarantee the readiness and deployment of the air force units based there. Since its opening in October 1959, the base has been home to the air force's jet fighter aircraft, with several of the units based there being equipped with F-86F Sabre, Fiat G.91, T-33 Shooting Star, T-38 Talon and A-7 Corsair II aircraft.

The base is currently home to two F-16 Fighting Falcon squadrons.
Precious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Precious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album that accompanied the 2009 film Precious directed by Lee Daniels, released through Matriarch Records and Geffen Records in association with Lionsgate Records on November 3, 2009. The album featured songs performed by various artists, which is a compilation of original songs and covers. Mary J. Blige co-wrote and performed the original song "I Can See in Color" that was released separately as a single.

Lee Daniels
Lee Daniels (born December 24, 1959) is an American film producer, director, and screenwriter. He made his directorial film debut with Shadowboxer (2005), followed by Precious (2009) which earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Picture. He has since directed The Paperboy (2012, which he co-wrote), The Butler (2013), The United States vs. Billie Holiday (2021), and The Deliverance (2024). He also produced the films Monster's Ball (2001), The Woodsman (2004), Tennessee (2008), Pimp (2018), and Concrete Cowboy (2020).

Daniels has co-created and co-executive produced the TV series Empire (2015–2020) and Star (2016–2019), both set in the music industry.
Laurens Vanthoor
Laurens Vanthoor (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʌurəns fɑnˈtoːr]; born 8 May 1991) is a Belgian professional racing driver currently racing for Porsche Motorsport as a factory driver in the FIA World Endurance Championship. He currently resides in Waiblingen outside of Stuttgart.

Laurens is the older brother of BMW factory driver Dries Vanthoor.

Scherer Sport PHX
Scherer Sport PHX is a motor racing team based in Meuspath in Germany. The team competes in series such as the GT World Challenge Europe and Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie and was the winner of the 2022 24 Hours of Nürburgring. Known as Phoenix Racing or Team Phoenix for much of its life, the Scherer Gruppe has taken over the racing team, changing its name to Scherer Sport PHX.
Nhill railway station
Nhill railway station is located on the Western standard gauge line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the town of Nhill, and it opened on 19 January 1887.

A number of large grain silos are located in the goods yard, located at the up end of the station.

The last Victorian Railways service to stop at Nhill was the Dimboola to Serviceton service that ceased on 1 December 1978. In March 2007, The Overland passenger service began stopping at the station.

Much of the station was extensively altered in the 1980s, following the introduction of CTC between Ararat and Serviceton, including the removal of the signal box, interlocking and all signals.

Goods station
A goods station (also known as a goods yard or goods depot) or freight station is, in the widest sense, a railway station where, either exclusively or predominantly, goods (or freight), such as merchandise, parcels, and manufactured items, are loaded onto or unloaded from ships or road vehicles and/or where goods wagons are transferred to local sidings.

A station where goods are not specifically received or dispatched but simply transferred on their way to their destination between the railway and another means of transport, such as ships or lorries, may be referred to as a transshipment station. This often takes the form of a container terminal and may also be known as a container station.

Goods stations were more widespread in the days when the railways were common carriers and were often converted from former passenger stations whose traffic had moved elsewhere.
Marjorie Flack
Marjorie Flack (October 22, 1897 - August 29, 1958) was an American artist and writer of children's picture books. She was born in Greenport, Long Island, New York in 1897. She was best known for The Story about Ping (1933), illustrated by Kurt Wiese, popularized by Captain Kangaroo, and for her stories of an insatiably curious Scottish terrier named Angus, who was actually her dog. Her first marriage was to artist Karl Larsson; she later married poet William Rose Benét.

Her book Angus Lost was featured prominently in the film Ask the Dust (2006), starring Colin Farrell and Salma Hayek, in which Farrell's character teaches Hayek's character, a Mexican, to read English using Flack's book.

Flack's grandson, Tim Barnum, and his wife, Darlene Enix-Barnum, currently sponsor an annual creative writing award at Anne Arundel Community College. The Marjorie Flack Award for Fiction consists of a $250 prize for the best short story or children's storybook written by a current AACC student.

Captain Kangaroo
Captain Kangaroo is an American children's television series that aired weekday mornings on the American television network CBS for 29 years, from 1955 to 1984, making it the longest-running children's program on a commercial network. In 1986, the American Program Service (now American Public Television) integrated some newly produced segments into reruns of past episodes, distributing the newer version of the series to PBS and independent public stations until 1993.
1994 Cook County, Illinois, elections
The Cook County, Illinois, general election was held on November 8, 1994.

Primaries were held March 15, 1994.

Elections were held for Assessor, Clerk, Sheriff, Treasurer, President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, all 17 seats of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, both seats of the Cook County Board of Appeals, seats on the Water Reclamation District Board, and judgeships in the Circuit Court of Cook County.

The Democratic Party performed well, winning a full sweep of all countywide offices and 11 out of 17 seats on the Cook County Board of Commissioners. This came despite 1994 having been a strong Republican election cycle nationally, including in Illinois’ statewide elections (with the national election cycle being dubbed the “Republican Revolution”).

Cook County Board of Commissioners
The Cook County Board of Commissioners is a legislative body made up of 17 commissioners who are elected by district, and a president who is elected county-wide, all for four-year terms.  Cook County is the United States' second most populous county, with a population of 5.2 million residents, and the city of Chicago as the county seat. The county board sets policy and laws for the county regarding property, public health services, public safety, and maintenance of county highways. It is presided over by its president and the county's chief executive, currently Toni Preckwinkle.

The commissioners, president, and county clerk (who serves as clerk of the board), hold the same offices ex officio on the separate governmental taxing body, the Cook County Forest Preserve District Board of Commissioners.
Geoffrey Holmes
Geoffrey Holmes (19 February 1894, Toronto– 7 May 1964, Woking) was a British ice hockey player who competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics. He was a member of the British ice hockey team, which won the bronze medal.

Holmes attended the Royal Military College of Canada, graduating after taking a break to serve in the British Army in World War I. He returned to England, where he captained the Army's ice hockey team. He went on to become a pioneer missionary in East Africa, running an Anglican mission in Rwanda for several years. He was later ordained as a vicar. He was awarded the Military Cross for his service in 1918.

Royal Military College of Canada
The Royal Military College of Canada (French: Collège militaire royal du Canada), abbreviated in English as RMC and in French as CMR, is a military academy and, since 1959, a degree-granting university of the Canadian Armed Forces. It was established in 1874 and conducted its first classes on June 1, 1876. Programs are offered at the undergraduate and graduate levels, both on campus as well as through the college's distance learning program via the Division of Continuing Studies.

Located on Point Frederick, a 41-hectare (101-acre) peninsula in Kingston, Ontario, the college is a mix of historic buildings and more modern academic, athletic, and dormitory facilities. RMC officer cadets are trained in what are known as the "four pillars": academics, officership, athletics, and bilingualism.
Kalundborg (nomination district)
Kalundborg nominating district is one of the 92 nominating districts that exists for Danish elections following the 2007 municipal reform. It consists of Kalundborg and Odsherred municipality. It was created in 1849 as a constituency, and has been a nomination district since 1920, though its boundaries have been changed since then. Prior to 1970 it was known as Kalundborg-Onsbjerg.

In general elections, the district tends to vote a bit more for parties commonly associated with the blue bloc.

Odsherred Municipality
Odsherred Municipality (Danish: Odsherred Kommune) is a kommune in Odsherred, Region Sjælland in Denmark. It covers an area of 355 km2 with a total population of 32,225 (2025). Its seat is the town of Højby.
Bow Fiddle Rock
Bow Fiddle Rock is a natural sea arch near Portknockie on the north-eastern coast of Scotland. It is so called because it resembles the tip of a fiddle bow.

It is composed of Quartzite, a metamorphic rock which was originally quartz sandstone. This rock is part of the Cullen Quartzite formation which is seen along the coast between Buckie and Cullen. The formation is some 2,400m thick and dates from the Neoproterozoic Era, 1,000 to 539 million years ago.

The rocks were folded when the ancient continents of Laurentia and Avalonia collided during the Caledonian orogeny. They later became exposed at the surface where sea and weather eroded the structure seen today. The rock formation is both a tourist attraction and nesting place for sea birds including herring gulls, great black-backed gulls and lesser black-backed gulls.

Buckie
Buckie (Scottish Gaelic: Bucaidh) is a burgh town (defined as such in 1888) on the Moray Firth coast of Scotland. Historically in Banffshire, Buckie was the largest town in the county until the administrative area was abolished in 1975. The town is the third largest in the Moray council area after Elgin and Forres and within the definitions of statistics published by the General Register Office for Scotland was ranked at number 75 in the list of population estimates for settlements in Scotland mid-year 2006. Buckie is virtually equidistant to Banff to the east and Elgin to the west, with both approximately 17 miles (27 kilometres) distant whilst Keith lies 12 mi (19 km) to the south by road.
Geodatabase (Esri)
A Geodatabase is a proprietary GIS file format developed in the late 1990s by Esri (a GIS software vendor) to represent, store, and organize spatial datasets within a geographic information system. A geodatabase is both a logical data model and the physical implementation of that logical model in several proprietary file formats released during the 2000s. The geodatabase design is based on the spatial database model for storing spatial data in relational and object-relational databases. Given the dominance of Esri in the GIS industry, the term "geodatabase" is used by some as a generic trademark for any spatial database, regardless of platform or design.

Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server is a proprietary relational database management system developed by Microsoft using  Structured Query Language (SQL, often pronounced "sequel"). As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet). Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications with many concurrent users.
Clif and Lou Sawyer
Clif Sawyer (Clifton Howard) (February 17, 1896 – March 1, 1966) and Lou Sawyer (April 26, 1905 – May 4, 1995) were an American husband and wife architectural design team who specialized in the creation of twentieth century Polynesian exotica for tiki bars and restaurants. Most of their work was done in the western United States, primarily in Southern California and Arizona.

Building design
Building design, also called architectural design, refers to the broadly based architectural, engineering and technical applications to the design of buildings. All building projects require the services of a building designer, typically a licensed architect. Smaller, less complicated projects often do not require a licensed professional, and the design of such projects is often undertaken by building designers, draftspersons, interior designers (for interior fit-outs or renovations), or contractors. Larger, more complex building projects require the services of many professionals trained in specialist disciplines, usually coordinated by an architect.
Volcano-sedimentary sequence
A volcano-sedimentary sequence is a stratigraphic sequence derived from the alternation and combination of volcanic and sedimentary events. The volcanic material of these sequences may include lava flows and tephra or reworked volcanic material, for example basaltic sand or pebbles.

Areas surrounding volcanic arcs are common settings for volcano-sedimentary sequences.

Tephra
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.

Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts. Once clasts have fallen to the ground, they remain as tephra unless hot enough to fuse into pyroclastic rock or tuff. When a volcano explodes, it releases a variety of tephra including ash, cinders, and blocks. These layers settle on the land and, over time, sedimentation occurs incorporating these tephra layers into the geologic record.

Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Often, when a volcano explodes, biological organisms are killed and their remains are buried within the tephra layer. These fossils are later dated by scientists to determine the age of the fossil and its place within the geologic record.
2022 eTouring Car World Cup
The 2022 FIA ETCR – eTouring Car World Cup was the second and last season of the touring car series for electric cars known as Pure ETCR Championship in its inaugural season in 2021. The season began on 6 May 2022 at the Circuit de Pau-Ville and ended on 25 September 2022 at Sachsenring. Adrien Tambay succeeded teammate Mattias Ekström as the drivers' champion, while Cupra EKS repeated its manufacturers' title. In March 2023, the promoter announced that the series would not be continued.

Pau Grand Prix
The Pau Grand Prix (French: Grand Prix de Pau) is a motor race held in Pau, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department of southwestern France. The French Grand Prix was held at Pau in 1930, leading to the annual Pau Grand Prix being inaugurated in 1933. It was not run during World War II and in 2020–2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The race takes place around the centre of the city, where public roads are closed to form a street circuit, and over the years the event has variously conformed to the rules of Grand Prix racing, Formula One, Formula Two, Formula 3000, Formula Three, Formula Libre, sports car racing, and touring car racing.

In 2021, Autocar included the Pau Grand Prix in its list of "The 10 best street circuits in the world".
Trioza urticae
Trioza  urticae is a sap-sucking hemipteran bug in the family Triozidae which creates galls on the leaves of nettles (Urtica species). It was described by the Swedish biologist and physician, Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Keiko Minami
Keiko Minami (南 桂子, Minami Keiko; 12 February 1911 – 1 December 2004) was a Japanese artist, aquatint engraver, and poet. She is best known for her pictograph-like aquatints with a whimsical, childlike aesthetic.

National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo
The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (東京国立近代美術館, Tōkyō Kokuritsu Kindai Bijutsukan), also known as MOMAT, is the foremost museum collecting and exhibiting modern Japanese art. The museum, in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, is known for its collection of 20th-century art and includes Western-style and Nihonga artists. It has a branch, the National Crafts Museum, in the city of Kanazawa.
Glossary of language education terms
Language teaching, like other educational activities, may employ specialized vocabulary and word use. This list is a glossary for English language learning and teaching using the communicative approach.

Second language
A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1). A second language may be a neighbouring language, another language of the speaker's home country, or a foreign language.

A speaker's dominant language, which is the language a speaker uses most or is most comfortable with, is not necessarily the speaker's first language. For example, the Canadian census defines first language for its purposes as "What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands?", recognizing that for some, the earliest language may be lost, a process known as language attrition. This can happen when young children start school or move to a new language environment.
Somers, Connecticut
Somers (/ˈsʌmərs/ SUM-ərss) is a town in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 10,255 at the 2020 census. The town center is listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP). In 2007, Money Magazine listed Somers 53rd on its "100 Best Places to Live", based on "economic opportunity, good schools, safe streets, things to do and a real sense of community."

Bordering Massachusetts, Somers is considered part of the city of Springfield NECTA. Somers is 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Springfield and considered more oriented toward it  than the city of Hartford, which lies 22 miles (35 km) to the southwest.

Money (financial website)
Money is an American brand and a personal finance website owned by Money Group. From its 1972 founding until 2018, it was a monthly magazine published by Time Inc. and subsequently by Meredith Corporation from 2018 to 2019. Its articles cover the gamut of personal finance topics ranging from credit cards, mortgages, insurance, banking, and investing to family finance issues, including paying for college, credit, career, and home improvement. It also publishes an annual list of "America's Best Places to Live".
Grafton Regis Meadow
Grafton Regis Meadow is a 2-hectare (4.9-acre) nature reserve east of Grafton Regis in Northamptonshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

This is a traditionally managed hay meadow on the bank of the Grand Union Canal. Birds visiting the site include curlews, lapwings, long-tailed tits, bullfinches, yellowhammers and wrens.

There is no public access to the site.

Eurasian bullfinch
The Eurasian bullfinch, common bullfinch or bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) is a small passerine bird in the finch family, Fringillidae.  In Anglophone Europe it is known simply as the bullfinch (English regional, Shropshire: plum bird), as it is the original bird to bear the name bullfinch.