hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
White-Smith Music Publishing Company v. Apollo Company, 209 U.S. 1 (1908), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which ruled that manufacturers of music rolls for player pianos did not have to pay royalties to the composers. The ruling was based on a holding that the piano rolls were not copies of the plaintiffs' copyrighted sheet music, but were instead parts of the machine that reproduced the music.

This case was subsequently eclipsed by Congress's intervention in the form of an amendment to the Copyright Act of 1909, introducing a compulsory license for the manufacture and distribution of such "mechanical" embodiments of musical works.

Compulsory license
A compulsory license provides that the owner of a patent or copyright licenses the use of their rights against payment either set by law or determined through some form of adjudication or arbitration. In essence, under a compulsory license, an individual or company seeking to use another's intellectual property can do so without seeking the rights holder's consent, and pays the rights holder a set fee for the license. This is an exception to the general rule under intellectual property laws that the intellectual property owner enjoys exclusive rights that it may license—or decline to license—to others.

Under UK patent law, a compulsory license is different from a statutory license. Under statutory license, the rate is fixed by law, whereas in case of compulsory license, the rate is left to be negotiated or decided in court.
Gillespie syndrome
Gillespie syndrome, also called aniridia, cerebellar ataxia and mental deficiency, is a rare genetic disorder. The disorder is characterized by partial aniridia (meaning that part of the iris is missing), ataxia (motor and coordination problems), and, in most cases, intellectual disability. It is heterogeneous, inherited in either an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. Gillespie syndrome was first described by American ophthalmologist Fredrick Gillespie in 1965.

Ataxia
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.

These nervous-system dysfunctions occur in several different patterns, with different results and different possible causes. Ataxia can be limited to one side of the body, which is referred to as hemiataxia. Friedreich's ataxia has gait abnormality as the most commonly presented symptom. Dystaxia is a mild degree of ataxia.
Goodnight (surname)
Goodnight is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Goodnight (1836–1929), 19th century American cattle baron

Clarence J. Goodnight (1914–1987), American zoologist

G. Thomas Goodnight, American argumentation and rhetorical scholar

Isaac Goodnight (1849–1901), American politician from Kentucky

James Goodnight, American businessman

Owen Goodnight (1917–1967), American football player

Charles Goodnight
Charles Goodnight (March 5, 1836 – December 12, 1929), also known as Charlie Goodnight, was a rancher in the American West. In 1955, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.
Vulcan (volcano)
Vulcan is a pumice cone in Papua New Guinea. It is a sub-vent of the Rabaul caldera and lies on its western rim. Its most recent eruption was in 1994, when it and another vent, Tavurvur, forced the city of Rabaul to be temporarily abandoned and the local administrative centres of East New Britain Province to be moved to a new capital, Kokopo. Today, the slopes of Vulcan are now forested, as a result of dormancy since 1994.

Vulcan did not exist during the German colonial times, although the agronomist for the New Guinea Company, Richard Parkinson, noticed that a small island in the harbour in 1880 had grown noticeably larger by 1900. During the 1920s the island offered enough new land for Australian colonials to open a sporting club there, with tennis courts. By 1937 Vulcan was its current size and erupted that year, filling the harbour with a thick layer of pumice. An Australian Navy sailor walked out from the wharf some hundred meters before he broke through the crust and drowned.

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
Gujjarpura
Gujjarpura is a village in Batala in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from sub district headquarter, 42 kilometres (26 mi) from district headquarter and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Sri Hargobindpur. The village is administrated by Sarpanch, an elected representative of the village.

Sri Hargobindpur
Sri Hargobindpur is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district in the Indian state of Punjab. Situated on the banks of the Beas River
Sixth Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Hargobind Sahib ji established this city on the land bought by his father and fifth guru, Shri Guru Arjan Dev Sahib ji, the city is also the erstwhile capital of the Ramgarhia Misl.

The Gurudwara Dhamdama Sahib stands at the site of the battle of Hargobindpur fought between Sikh forces led by Guru Hargobind and Mughal forces in 1630.
2014 Windsor municipal election
The 2014 Windsor municipal election occurred on October 27, 2014, to elect the Mayor of Windsor, Windsor City Council and the Greater Essex County District School Board, Windsor Essex Catholic District School Board, Conseil scolaire catholique Providence and Conseil scolaire Viamonde.

The election was held on the same day as elections in every other municipality in Ontario, as well as the elections in neighbouring towns in Essex County.

Conseil scolaire catholique Providence
The Conseil scolaire catholique Providence (Csc Providence) is the French-language Catholic school board for southwestern Ontario, Canada. The Providence Catholic School Board includes 10,000 students in its 31 schools: 23 elementary schools and 8 high schools for the communities of Windsor-Essex, Chatham-Kent, Sarnia-Lambton, London/Middlesex, Oxford-Woodstock, Grey-Bruce and Huron-Perth. The board was previously known as the Conseil scolaire de district des écoles catholiques du Sud-Ouest (CSDÉCSO).

The board's head office is in Windsor, and it maintains satellite offices in the Pain Court section of Chatham-Kent, and in London; the London office serves Middlesex County.
Callulina laphami
Callulina laphami is a species of frogs in the family Brevicipitidae. It was discovered in 2010 during a survey of rainforests in the northern part of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. It is present at a single location in the Kindoroko and Minja Forest Reserves in the Pare Mountains. The forest area in which this frog lives is a remnant patch of a larger forest with trees in the surrounding area being felled for agricultural development, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the frog's conservation status as critically endangered.

Eastern Arc Mountains
The Eastern Arc Mountains are a chain of mountains found in Kenya and Tanzania. The chain runs from northeast to southwest, with the Taita Hills being in Kenya and the other ranges being in Tanzania. They are delimited on the southwest by the fault complex represented by the Makambako Gap that separates them from the Kipengere Range.  To the northeast, they are delimited by more recent volcanism represented by Mount Kilimanjaro. The chain is considered a tentative World Heritage Site.
Raymond H. Bares
Raymond Hubert Bares (April 17, 1929 – April 27, 1964) was an American politician and educator.

Bares was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota, and graduated from St. Cloud Technical High School. He served in the United States Army in 1951 and 1952. received his bachelor's degree from St. Cloud State University and his master's degree in social work from Catholic University of America. Bares lived in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, with his wife and family, He was an elementary teacher and principal. Bares also worked as a counselor for Catholic Charities. Bares served in the Minnesota Senate from 1963 until his death. Bares, his wife, and daughter were killed in an automobile accident in Loogootee, Martin County, Indiana.

Martin County, Indiana
Martin County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 9,812. The county seat is Shoals at the center of the county, and the county's only incorporated city is Loogootee, on the county's western border.
1934 PGA Championship
The 1934 PGA Championship was the 17th PGA Championship, held July 24–29 at Park Country Club in Williamsville, New York, a suburb northeast of Buffalo. Then a match play championship, Paul Runyan won the first of his two PGA Championship titles, defeating Craig Wood in 38 holes.

Defending champion Gene Sarazen lost 4 and 3 in the second round to Al Watrous.

Williamsville, New York
Williamsville is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 5,423 at the 2020 census. The village is named after Jonas Williams, an early settler. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.

Williamsville is located mostly within the town of Amherst, but Creek Road and Creek Heights in the south part of the village (near the Wehrle Drive underpass of the New York State Thruway) are in the town of Cheektowaga. The village is in the northeastern quadrant of Erie County.

The Williamsville Central School District is a school system covering Williamsville, most of the eastern part of Amherst, and a small portion of the western end of Clarence.
Aerostar Airport Holdings
Aerostar Airport Holdings, LLC is the public–private partnership, privately held company, and limited liability company that operates and manages the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport on behalf of the Puerto Rico Ports Authority. Since 2017, the company is 60% owned by Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste, a Mexican airport management firm, and 40% by PSP Investments/AviAlliance. Aerostar has a forty-year lease to manage and upgrade the airport, including the investment of nearly $1.4 billion in capital improvements over the course of the lease.

Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste
Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste, S.A.B. de C.V., known as ASUR, is a Mexican airport operator headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico. It operates 9 airports in the southeastern states of Mexico, including that of Cancún. It is the third largest airport services company by passenger traffic in Mexico. It serves approximately 23 million passengers annually.

ASUR is listed  on the Mexican Stock Exchange and in the NYSE. It is a constituent of the IPC, the main benchmark index of the Mexican Stock Exchange.
Miss World 1975
Miss World 1975 was the 25th edition of the Miss World pageant, held on 20 November 1975 at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom. 67 contestants took part in the pageant won by Wilnelia Merced of Puerto Rico. She was crowned by Anneline Kriel of South Africa. Runner-up was Germany, Marina Langer, third place was Vicki Harris representing the United Kingdom, fourth place was Maricela Maxie Clark of Cuba, and Yugoslavia's Ladija Verkovska completed the top five.

Anneline Kriel
Anneline Kriel (born 28 July 1955) is a South African actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss South Africa 1974 and was later crowned Miss World 1974. She is the second of three South African women to hold the Miss World title after Penelope Coelen in 1958 and before Rolene Strauss in 2014. In South Africa she achieved "icon" status where she became known as a "Princess Diana" figure and also appeared in several local film and television projects such as Kill and Kill Again in 1981. She was also in a high-profile marriage (1980-1985) with the late South African hotelier, Sol Kerzner.
Dix Dam
The Dix Dam is a dam on the Dix River located between Mercer and Garrard County, Kentucky. It was constructed to generate hydroelectricity and prevent flooding of the Kentucky River but is better known for creating Herrington Lake.

Mercer County, Kentucky
Mercer County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,772. Its county seat is Harrodsburg. The county was formed from Lincoln County, Virginia in 1785 and is named for Revolutionary War General Hugh Mercer, who was killed at the Battle of Princeton in 1777. It was formerly a prohibition or dry county.
San Francisco, Veraguas
San Francisco de la Montaña is a corregimiento in San Francisco District, Veraguas Province, Panama with a population of 2,283 as of 2010. It is the seat of San Francisco District. Its population as of 1990 was 1,851; its population as of 2000 was 2,221.

Veraguas Province
Veraguas (Spanish pronunciation: [beˈɾa.ɣwas]) is a province of Panama, located in the centre-west of the country. The capital is the city of Santiago de Veraguas. It is the only Panamanian province to border both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It covers an area of 10,587.6 km² and in 2023 it had a population of 259,791.
Ross Douglas
Ross Douglas (February 22, 1951 – March 20, 2023) was a Canadian voice actor and musician with Ocean Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia. He was most well-known for voicing Jean Bison in the Sly Cooper series, Daniel O'Connell in Master Keaton, and Kageyama in the Black Lagoon series. He also voiced The Caped Cod in Spy Fox 2: Some Assembly Required

Douglas died on March 20, 2023, at the age of 72.

Sly Cooper
Sly Cooper is a series of stealth action-adventure video games created by Sucker Punch Productions and owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment. The series follows the adventures of Sly Cooper, an anthropomorphic raccoon and master thief, along with his two partners in crime, Bentley the turtle and Murray the hippopotamus, all of whom are pursued by Sly's love interest, Inspector Carmelita Fox. Sanzaru Games developed the fourth game and remastered the original trilogy for the PlayStation 3 and the PlayStation Vita in a compilation titled The Sly Collection.

Sly Cooper himself has become one of the most popular PlayStation video game characters, and has appeared in other Sony games such as crossover games PlayStation Move Heroes (2011) and PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale (2012). Both an animated feature film and television series based on the series have also been in development, though neither have come to fruition.
Coccyzidae
Coccyzidae was a family of birds comprising 18 New World cuckoos, ranging from Canada to Argentina. The family consists of the genera Coccyzus, Coccyua, and Piaya.
  This family is today typically subsumed within Cuculidae, e.g. by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC).

Of those whose habits are known, their main diet is insects. They tend to nest in trees and can lay up to 7 eggs (Coccyzus) although Saurothura only lays 2–3. Only one of the family, the Black-billed cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Wilson), is known to be a brood parasite.

Both the yellow-billed cuckoo and the black-billed cuckoo are vagrants to Europe.

International Ornithologists' Union
The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) is an international organization for the promotion of ornithology. It links basic and applied research and nurtures education and outreach activities. Specifically, the IOU organizes and funds global congresses on ornithology at regular intervals, sets up and supports commissions and committees on various aspects of avian biology and conservation, and initiates and backs other international ornithological activities with specific aims consistent with its own mission and goal. It discloses the names and professional affiliations of its members on its website to encourage international collaboration and networking. The IOU acts as the Ornithology Section of the IUBS.
German submarine U-460
German submarine U-460 was a Type XIV supply and replenishment U-boat ("Milchkuh") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Her keel was laid down on 30 November 1940 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 291. She was launched on 13 September 1941 and commissioned on 24 December that same year, with Kapitänleutnant Friedrich Schäfer in command. Schäfer was relieved by Kptlt. Ebe Schnoor on 1 August 1942. She carried out training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla before moving on to the 10th and 12th flotillas for operations.

12th U-boat Flotilla
The 12th U-boat Flotilla (German 12. Unterseebootsflottille) was a German U-boat flotilla formed on 15 October 1942 at Bordeaux under the command of Korvettenkapitän Klaus Scholtz. The flotilla was disbanded on 25 August 1944 due to the imminent arrival of Allied forces.
Hiley
Hiley is a name. Notable people with the surname include:

Basil Hiley (born 1935), British quantum physicist

David Hiley (born 1947), English musicologist

E. H. Hiley (1870–1943), British railways engineer

Joseph Hiley (1902–1989), British politician

Scott Hiley (born 1968), English footballer

Thomas Hiley (1905–1990), Australian politician

Wilfrid Edward Hiley (1886–1961), British forester and forest pathologist

Scott Hiley
Scott Patrick Hiley (born 27 September 1968) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender.

He notably had brief spells in the Premier League playing for both Manchester City and Southampton, but spent the majority of his career in the Football League with Exeter City where he played over 330 times in the league over two separate spells. He also played professionally for Birmingham City, Portsmouth and later moved into non-league football with Crawley Town, Tiverton Town and Cullompton Rangers.
Roman Derlyuk
Roman Derlyuk (born October 27, 1986) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently a free agent having last played for HC Košice of the Slovak Extraliga. He was selected by Florida Panthers in the 6th round (164th overall) of the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

Slovak Extraliga
The Slovak Extraliga, known as the Tipsport liga since the 2025–26 season for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level ice hockey league in Slovakia. From 2018–19 to 2020–21, the league included one or two teams from Hungary.

Teams from the Extraliga can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL). Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the KHL). In the 2022–23 CHL season, the Extraliga was ranked the No. 10 league in Europe, so the champion of the previous season competed in the CHL.

The 1993–94 season was the first of the Slovak Extraliga following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season – which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion.
Donets Ridge
The Donets Ridge or Donets Upland is a highland located in the disputed Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, as well as the Rostov Oblast of Russia. The highest point on the ridge is a hill—Mohyla Mechetna, 367 m (1,204 ft). The Donets Ridge is the easternmost ridge in Ukraine. It is bordered on the north by the valley of the Northern Donets River. It drops in the southeast to the Azov Lowland, and is bordered on the southwest by the Azov Upland.

Another hill, Savur-Mohyla (278 m (912 ft)), was a notable site in the war in Donbas.

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Qatari art
The modern Qatari art movement emerged in the mid-20th century, as a result of the new-found wealth acquired from oil exports and the subsequent modernization of Qatari society. Due to Islam's non-inclusive stance of depictions of sentient beings in visual arts, traditional figurative art historically played an insignificant role in the country's culture. Instead, art was expressed through other visual art forms and crafts such as weaving, calligraphy, dhow ornamentation, and architecture.

Qatar's artistic identity began expanding in the mid-20th century with the introduction of formal visual arts education and the emergence of a local community of painters and sculptors. Since the early 2000s, state institutions such as Qatar Museums have played a primary role in the arts, commissioning public artworks, and hosting international exhibitions. Doha's museums, galleries, and festivals have positioned it as a regional center for art.

Dhow
Dhow (/daʊ/; Arabic: داو, romanized: dāw) is the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails, used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region. Typically sporting long thin hulls, dhows are trading vessels primarily used to carry heavy items, such as fruit, fresh water, or other heavy merchandise, along the coasts of Eastern Arabia, Iran, East Africa, Yemen and coastal South Asia. Larger dhows have crews of approximately thirty and smaller ones typically around twelve.
Ausa (Udine)
The Ausa or Aussa (Latin: Alsa) is a river in the Italian province of Udine. Its source is near the city of Udine. The river flows south past Palmanova, Aiello del Friuli, Cervignano del Friuli and Terzo d'Aquileia before emptying into the Laguna di Marano between Marano Lagunare and Aquileia.

Aiello del Friuli
Aiello del Friuli (Friulian: Daèl) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in  the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Udine. Next to the town of Aiello there is a single hamlet, Joannis (Uànis) which, until 1927, constituted an autonomous municipality, in addition to the localities of Novacco (Nauac) and Uttano (Utàn).

Aiello del Friuli borders the following municipalities: Bagnaria Arsa, Campolongo al Torre, Cervignano del Friuli, Ruda, San Vito al Torre, Visco.
Assault on Death Mountain
Assault on Death Mountain, also known as Shadow Warriors: Assault on Death Mountain, is a 1999 Canadian–American made-for-television action film directed by Jon Cassar, starring Terry "Hulk" Hogan, Carl Weathers and Shannon Tweed. It is a sequel to Assault on Devil's Island and, like the previous installment, was billed as a "Nitro Original", an attempt to expand the WCW Nitro professional wrestling brand into dramatic programming.

The Province
The Province is a daily newspaper published in tabloid format in British Columbia by Pacific Newspaper Group, a division of Postmedia Network, alongside the Vancouver Sun broadsheet newspaper. Together, they are British Columbia's only two major newspapers.

Formerly a broadsheet, The Province later became tabloid paper-size. It publishes daily except Saturdays, Mondays (as of October 17, 2022) and selected holidays.