hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bill Howard (rugby union)
William Gordon Howard (12 July 1908 – 10 February 1979) was an English international rugby union player.

Educated at Birkenhead School, Howard was a forward used mainly in the back row and a capable goal-kicker. He spent his entire career with Old Birkonians, which he captained, and gained regular selection for Cheshire.

Howard was overlooked by England selectors, in part by the fact he didn't play for a high-profile club, but did win a place on the British Lions squad for their 1938 tour to South Africa. Over the course of the trip, Howard featured in 10 tour fixtures, including the first of the three Tests against the Springboks.

In 1962–63, Howard served as president of Cheshire RFU.

1938 British Lions tour to South Africa
The 1938 British Isles tour to South Africa was the fourteenth tour by a British Isles team and the sixth to South Africa. The tour is retrospectively classed as one of the British Lions tours, as the Lions naming convention was not adopted until 1950.

The tour party was led by Ireland's Sam Walker and managed by Col. Hartley, and took in 24 matches. Of the 24 games, 19 were against club or invitational teams, three were test matches against the South African national team and the other two games were outside South Africa against Rhodesia. The British Isles lost two and won one of the test matches, and in the non-test games lost five and won sixteen.

Like many of the early Lions parties, the tour did not represent the best of British and Irish rugby talent. Obvious omissions included Wilf Wooller and Cliff Jones.
Fanjingshania
Fanjingshania is an extinct genus of "acanthodian" stem-chondrichthyans from the lower Silurian (late Aeronian, Llandovery Epoch) of China around 439 million years old, making it currently the oldest known acanthodian. It comprises a single species, Fanjingshania renovata which is known from over 1,000 isolated elements, including fin spines, branchiostegal plates, sclerotic plates, trunk scales, and tectal and postorbital tesserae. No teeth were ascribed to the taxon, but in the same horizon the tooth taxon Qianodus was found, and these taxa may be synonymous. In a phylogenetic analysis accompanying the description, it was placed in a clade with Climatius, Parexus, and Ptomacanthus.

Parexus
Parexus is an extinct genus of acanthodian fish. Acanthodians are often referred to as ‘spiny sharks’, although acanthodians are not true sharks and evolved perhaps 50 million years earlier than sharks. Acanthodians share several features with bony fish and cartilaginous fish; they often have spines supporting their fins.

Parexus is recognised by its large anterior dorsal fin spine. Several fossils have been discovered from the Early (Lower) Devonian Period of Tillywhandland, Scotland. Two species were described, P. recurvus and P. falcatus, both from Scotland; according to Burrow et al. (2013) P. falcatus is in fact a junior synonym of P. recurvus.
Omen (2023 film)
Omen (French: Augure) is a 2023 drama film written and directed by Belgian-Congolese director Baloji. Starring Marc Zinga, Lucie Debay and Eliane Umuhire, it premiered at Cannes in the Un Certain Regard  section on 23 May 2023, where it won the New Voice Prize.

A co-production between Belgium, Democratic Republic of Congo, the Netherlands, France, Germany and South Africa, it was selected as the Belgian entry for Best International Feature Film at the 96th Academy Awards.

In 2023/24 movie director Baloji held the exhibition Baloji Augurism in the MOMU fashion museum in Antwerp, Belgium inspired by the traditional African costumes that he had designed for his film along with Elke Hoste.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
Secessio plebis
Secessio plebis (withdrawal of the commoners, or secession of the plebs) was an informal exercise of power by Rome's plebeian citizens between the 5th century BC and 3rd century BC., similar in concept to the general strike. During the secessio plebis, the plebs would abandon the city en masse in a protest emigration and leave the patrician order to themselves. Therefore, a secessio meant that all shops and workshops would shut down and commercial transactions would largely cease. This was an effective strategy in the Conflict of the Orders due to strength in numbers; plebeian citizens made up the vast majority of Rome's populace and produced most of its food and resources, while a patrician citizen was a member of the minority upper class, the equivalent of the landed gentry of later times. Authors report different numbers for how many secessions there were. M. Cary and H. H. Scullard state there were five between 494 BC and 287 BC.

Aventine Hill
The Aventine Hill (/ˈævɪntaɪn, -tɪn/ AV-in-tyne, -⁠tin; Latin: Collis Aventinus; Italian: Aventino [avenˈtiːno]) is one of the Seven Hills on which ancient Rome was built. It belongs to Ripa, the modern twelfth rione, or ward, of Rome.
Carys Parry
Carys Parry (born 24 July 1981) is a Welsh hammer thrower.

Parry was born in Church Village, Rhondda Cynon Taf.  She finished sixth at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne with a personal best throw of 61.80 metres.

Her current personal best throw is 66.31 metres, achieved in June 2008 in Birmingham. This is a Welsh record and places Parry fourth amongst British hammer throwers, behind Commonwealth champions Lorraine Shaw and Shirley Webb, as well as Zoe Derham. She won the silver medal at the Commonwealth Games in Dehli.

Having missed out on qualification for the London 2012 Olympic Games, coming third in qualifiers to Sophie Hitchon, she later qualified for the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.

Church Village
Church Village (Welsh: Pentre'r Eglwys) is a large village in the historic parish and community of Llantwit Fardre, located within the Taff Ely district of the County Borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf in Wales.  The village is centrally located being around 4 miles (6.4 km) from the local principal towns of Llantrisant to the southwest and Pontypridd to the north and is situated approximately 8 miles northwest of Cardiff city centre.
1998 Miller Lite 400
The 1998 Miller Lite 400 was the 14th stock car race of the 1998 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 30th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, June 14, 1998, in Brooklyn, Michigan, at Michigan International Speedway, a two-mile (3.2 km) moderate-banked D-shaped speedway. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. In the late stages of the race, Roush Racing driver Mark Martin was able to dominate to take his 26th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fourth of the season. To fill out the podium, Robert Yates Racing driver Dale Jarrett and Hendrick Motorsports driver Jeff Gordon would finish second and third, respectively.

Yates Racing
Yates Racing was an American stock car racing team that competed in NASCAR through the 2009 season, after which it merged into Richard Petty Motorsports. Previously known as Robert Yates Racing, the team was owned by Doug Yates, who has officially owned the team since his father Robert's retirement on December 1, 2007. The Yates family owned the team since purchasing it from Harry Ranier and J. T. Lundy in October 1988.

The team was noted for its strong engine program and its success on superspeedways.  Throughout most of its history, the team fielded Ford cars numbered 28, 38 and 88, although in its final season it fielded the number 98.
Brinsford Parkway railway station
Brinsford Parkway is a proposed mainline railway station to the north of Wolverhampton, England. It has yet to be passed and is still in planning stages.

It would be located on the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line loop of the West Coast Main Line, and would give the north of Wolverhampton local commuter trains easing congestion on the A449, M6 and M54 motorways. Penkridge is the only station that remains open on the line between Wolverhampton and Stafford.

The proposed station would serve a new development on the MoD depot at Brinsford (whose builder would fund the station), other local communities and passengers drawn from the motorway network. It would provide Park and Ride facilities, with a large car park.

It is planned to have two platforms on the existing double tracked, electrified line.

Stafford railway station
Stafford is a major interchange railway station in Stafford, Staffordshire, England; it is the second busiest in the county, after Stoke-on-Trent. It serves the market and county town, as well as surrounding villages. The station lies on the junction of the Trent Valley line, the Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line (Birmingham Loop) and the West Coast Main Line; it was also the terminus for the former Stafford–Uttoxeter and Stafford–Shrewsbury lines.

The current brutalist station building was built in 1962 and is the fourth to have existed on this site. The interior of the station was refurbished in 2015, which allowed it to have a new WHSmith store and an improved ticket office.
European Tour 2014/2015 – Event 3
The European Tour 2014/2015 – Event 3 (also known as the 2014 Victoria Bulgarian Open) was a professional minor-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 1–5 October 2014 in Sofia, Bulgaria.

The tournament was meant to be Ali Carter's first since his lung cancer diagnosis and subsequent chemotherapy treatment, but he was forced to withdraw due to acute pain in his left arm following his radiofrequency ablation surgery.

John Higgins was the defending champion, but he lost 1–4 against Judd Trump in the last 64.

Shaun Murphy won his fifteenth professional title by defeating Martin Gould 4–2 in the final.

Ali Carter
Allister Carter (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional snooker player. He has twice been a World Championship finalist, in 2008 and 2012, losing both finals to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has won six ranking titles and briefly reached number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname, "The Captain", comes from his hobby of piloting aeroplanes.
Kuprešanin
Kuprešanin or (Westernized) Kupresanin is a surname of southern Slavic origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Ana Kupresanin, Croatian-American statistician

Dane Kuprešanin (born 1966), Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer

Fiona Kupresanin, Australian athlete, winner of 2015 Sunshine Coast Marathon

Maša Kuprešanin, Serbian contestant on reality TV series Survivor: Dominican Republic

Nikola Kuprešanin, Bosnian screenwriter of Not So Friendly Neighborhood Affair

Survivor: Dominican Republic
Survivor: Dominican Republic (Serbo-Croatian: Survivor: Dominikanska Republika) is a joint Croatian and Serbian season of the international reality game show Survivor. It's the fifth season of the show's Serbian version and the third season of the Croatian version (counting the co-produced fourth season of the Serbian version). It premiered on 14 March 2022 on Nova BH in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nova TV in Croatia, Nova M in Montenegro, and Nova S in Serbia.

In October 2021, United Media announced that they would be rebooting Survivor Srbija/Croatia after a 10-year hiatus. The season was filmed in the Dominican Republic.
Argastiri
Argastiri (Greek Αργαστήρι) is a small village in Chania regional unit on the island of Crete, Greece. It has 12 residents (2021 census), its elevation is 650 meters above sea level and it lies 48 km south of Chania. It is within the municipality of Kantanos-Selino. A battle took place in Argastiri during the Greek War of Independence against the Turks. 450 Greeks under Nikiforos Hatzidakis lost the battle by 2000 Turks under Kaouris, the aga of Kantanos. Nikiforos Hatzidakis was killed.

Chania (regional unit)
Chania (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Χανίων), also spelled Hania, is one of the four regional units of Crete; it covers the westernmost quarter of the island. Its capital is the city of Chania. Chania borders only one other regional unit: that of Rethymno to the east. The western part of Crete is bounded to the north by the Cretan Sea (part of the Aegean Sea) and to the west and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Libyan Sea. The regional unit also includes the southernmost island of Europe, Gavdos.
Fumarioideae
Fumarioideae is a subfamily of the family Papaveraceae (the poppy family). It was formerly treated as a separate family, the Fumariaceae (the fumitory, fumewort or bleeding-heart family). It consists of about 575 species of herbaceous plants in 20 genera, native to the Northern Hemisphere and South Africa. The largest genus is Corydalis (with 470 species).

Dicentra
Dicentra (Greek dís "twice", kéntron "spur"), known collectively as the bleeding-hearts, is a genus containing eight species of herbaceous flowering perennial plants with unique, "heart"-shaped flowers and finely divided foliage. The species are, primarily, native to North America, although several are found in temperate East Asia.
Dwiggins
Dwiggins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Clare Victor Dwiggins (1874–1958), American cartoonist

Don Dwiggins (1913–1988), American aviation journalist and author

Sue Dwiggins (1914–2011), American writer and production assistant

William Addison Dwiggins (1880–1956), American type designer, calligrapher, and book designer

William Addison Dwiggins
William Addison Dwiggins (June 19, 1880 – December 25, 1956) was an American type designer, calligrapher, and book designer. He attained prominence as an illustrator and commercial artist, and he brought to the designing of type and books some of the boldness that he displayed in his advertising work.

His work can be described as ornamented and geometric, similar to the Art Moderne and Art Deco styles of the period, using Oriental influences and breaking from the more antiquarian styles of his colleagues and mentors Updike, Cleland and Goudy.
Listed buildings in Aston juxta Mondrum
Aston juxta Mondrum is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contains five buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are at Grade II. This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish is crossed by the Middlewich Branch of the Shropshire Union Canal, and is almost entirely rural. The listed buildings consist of a church, two farmhouses, and two structures associated with the canal, an accommodation bridge and a lock.

Accommodation bridge
In the United Kingdom, an accommodation bridge or occupation bridge is one that preserves a pre-existing private road, path or right of access when a major transport route is built across it. Without the bridge, access would be disrupted. Accommodation bridges are usually built at the cost of the route developer, as part of the conditions for obtaining the land for building the new route.

The term is not applied where the new route crosses an existing public highway.
Cumberland River (Georgia)
The Cumberland River is a 15-mile-long (24 km) tidal channel in the U.S. state of Georgia. It forms the northern half of the waterway that separates Cumberland Island from the Georgia mainland, connecting with Cumberland Sound to the south and St. Andrew Sound and the Satilla River to the north.  It forms part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.

Intracoastal Waterway
The Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) is a 3,000-mile (4,800 km) inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States, running from Massachusetts southward along the Atlantic Seaboard and around the southern tip of Florida, then following the Gulf Coast to Brownsville, Texas. Some sections of the waterway consist of natural inlets, saltwater rivers, bays, and sounds, while others are artificial canals. Maintained, improved, and extensively dredged where necessary by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, it provides a navigable route along its length without many of the hazards of travel on the open sea.
2000 WNBA playoffs
The 2000 WNBA playoffs was the postseason for the Women's National Basketball Association's 2000 season which ended with the  Western Conference champion Houston Comets beating the Eastern Conference champion New York Liberty, 2–0. Cynthia Cooper was named the MVP of the Finals.

2000 WNBA season
The 2000 WNBA season was the Women's National Basketball Association's fourth season. The 2000 season saw four expansion teams join the league, the Indiana Fever, Miami Sol, Portland Fire, and Seattle Storm. The 2000 WNBA expansion draft took place on December 15, 1999. The season ended with the Houston Comets winning their fourth WNBA championship.
Giona (river)
The Giona is a ‘torrent’, or intermittent stream, which rises on the slopes of Monte Tamaro, in the Swiss canton of Ticino. After about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), it enters the Italian province of Varese, forming the Val Veddasca before entering Lake Maggiore at Maccagno. Its course passes through the communes of Indemini in Switzerland and Veddasca, Curiglia con Monteviasco, Dumenza and Maccagno in Italy.

The fish found in the river are predominantly Salmonidae, Cyprinidae and Cottidae, in particular brown trout, grayling, chub, vairone and European bullhead.

The river is put to use as a source of hydropower.

Curiglia con Monteviasco
Curiglia con Monteviasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Milan and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Varese in the Val Veddasca, on the border with Switzerland. The municipal seat is in Curiglia.
Kvingra
Kvingra is an island (and former peninsula) in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. Kvingra is surrounded by the Sørsalten fjord to the south, the Nærøysundet strait in the northwest, and the Nordsalten fjord in the northeast. The island was originally connected to the mainland on a tiny isthmus of land in the southeast, but there is a man-made canal through it, so the peninsula now is technically an island. The 54-square-kilometre (21 sq mi) island has a population of about 400 (as of 2001). The largest population center on the island is the village of Ottersøya on the southwestern tip of the peninsula.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Acherontia lachesis
Acherontia lachesis, the greater death's head hawkmoth or bee robber, is a large (up to 13 cm wingspan) sphingid moth found in India, Sri Lanka and much of the East Asian region. It is one of the three species of death's-head hawkmoth genus, Acherontia. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1798. It is nocturnal and very fond of honey; they can mimic the scent of honey bees so that they can enter a hive unharmed to get honey. Their tongue, which is stout and very strong, enables them to pierce the wax cells and suck the honey out. This species occurs throughout almost the entire Oriental region, from India, Pakistan and Nepal to the Philippines, and from southern Japan and the southern Russian Far East to Indonesia, where it attacks colonies of several different honey bee species. It has recently become established on the Hawaiian Islands.

Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in the "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification.
Parish of Ballallaba
Ballallaba Parish  is a civil parish of Murray County, New South Wales.

Located at 35°33′54″S 149°28′04″E﻿ / ﻿35.56500°S 149.46778°E﻿ / -35.56500; 149.46778, the parish is on the Ballallaba Creek and Molongolo River in  Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council and the only town in the parish is Captains Flat.

Molonglo River
The Molonglo River is a perennial river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin. It is located in the Monaro and Capital Country regions of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, in Australia.
Aunque es de noche
Aunque es de noche (Even though it's night) is a 2023 Spanish and French short film directed by Guillermo García López shot in 16mm which premiered at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival in official competition. Filmed in Cañada Real, Europe's largest slum, the film follows two teenagers, Toni & Nasser, before one of them has to leave the place forever.

In February 2024, Aunque es de noche received the Goya award for Best Fiction short.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
Rotor solidity
Rotor solidity is a dimensionless quantity used in design and analysis of rotorcraft, propellers and wind turbines. Rotor solidity is a function of the aspect ratio and number of blades in the rotor and is widely used as a parameter for ensuring geometric similarity in rotorcraft experiments. It provides a measure of how close a lifting rotor system is to an ideal actuator disk in momentum theory. It also plays an important role in determining the fluid speed across the rotor disk when lift is generated and consequentially the performance of the rotor; amount of downwash around it, and noise levels the rotor generates. It is also used to compare performance characteristics between rotors of different sizes. Typical values of rotor solidity ratio for helicopters fall in the range 0.05 to 0.12.

Propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, an aircraft propeller, also called an airscrew, converts rotary motion from an engine or other power source into a swirling slipstream which pushes the propeller forwards or backwards. It comprises a rotating power-driven hub, to which are attached several radial airfoil-section blades such that the whole assembly rotates about a longitudinal axis. The blade pitch may be fixed, manually variable to a few set positions, or of the automatically variable "constant-speed" type.

The propeller attaches to the power source's driveshaft either directly or through reduction gearing. Propellers can be made from wood, metal or composite materials.

Propellers are only useful at subsonic airspeeds generally below about 480 mph (770 km/h), although a speed of Mach 1.01 in a dive was achieved, with a propeller efficiency of 78%, by the McDonnell XF-88B experimental propeller-equipped aircraft.