hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glucal
Glucal is the glycal formed from glucose.  It is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of oligosaccharides.

Glucal and its derivatives can be converted to other chemically useful sugars using the Ferrier rearrangement.

Glycal
Glycal is a name for cyclic enol ether derivatives of sugars having a double bond between carbon atoms 1 and 2 of the ring. The term "glycal" should not be used for an unsaturated sugar that has a double bond in any position other than between carbon atoms 1 and 2.
Z-group
In mathematics, especially in the area of algebra known as group theory, the term Z-group refers to a number of distinct types of groups:

in the study of finite groups, a Z-group is a finite group whose Sylow subgroups are all cyclic.

in the study of infinite groups, a Z-group is a group which possesses a very general form of central series.

in the study of ordered groups, a Z-group or -group is a discretely ordered abelian group whose quotient over its minimal convex subgroup is divisible. Such groups are elementarily equivalent to the integers . Z-groups are an alternative presentation of Presburger arithmetic.

occasionally, (Z)-group is used to mean a Zassenhaus group, a special type of permutation group.

Presburger arithmetic
Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers with addition, named in honor of Mojżesz Presburger, who introduced it in 1929. The signature of Presburger arithmetic contains only the addition operation and equality, omitting the multiplication operation entirely. The theory is computably axiomatizable; the axioms include a schema of induction.

Presburger arithmetic is much weaker than Peano arithmetic, which includes both addition and multiplication operations. Unlike Peano arithmetic, Presburger arithmetic is a decidable theory. This means it is possible to algorithmically determine, for any sentence in the language of Presburger arithmetic, whether that sentence is provable from the axioms of Presburger arithmetic. The asymptotic running-time computational complexity of this algorithm is at least doubly exponential, however, as shown by Fischer & Rabin (1974).
The Wonder (Donoghue novel)
The Wonder is a 2016 novel by Irish-Canadian novelist Emma Donoghue.

Set in post-famine Ireland, the novel follows English nurse Elizabeth Wright as she cares for a supposed miraculous girl, who has survived without sustenance for four months.

The novel received positive reviews upon release and was nominated for the 2016 Giller Prize. It was also adapted into a 2022 film of the same name directed by Sebastián Lelio.

Giller Prize
The Giller Prize (formerly known as the Scotiabank Giller Prize from 2005 to 2025) is a literary award given to a Canadian author of a novel or short story collection published in English (including translation) the previous year, after an annual juried competition between publishers who submit entries. The prize was established in 1994 by Toronto businessman Jack Rabinovitch in honour of his late wife Doris Giller, a former literary editor at the Toronto Star, and is awarded in November of each year along with a cash reward (then CAN$25,000) with the winner being presented by the previous year's winning author.

Since its inception, the Giller Prize has been awarded to emerging and established authors from both small independent and large publishing houses in Canada.

In February of 2025, the Giller Prize severed its relationship with Scotiabank, its main sponsor, after more than a year of protests.
Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society
The Hong Kong Amateur Radio Transmitting Society (HARTS, Chinese: 香港業餘電台聯會) is an organization representing a majority of the amateur radio operators in Hong Kong. HARTS is a charitable institution recognized by the Inland Revenue Department since early 2008. HARTS was established in October 1929, when Hong Kong was a dependent territory of the United Kingdom. HARTS is the member society representing Hong Kong in the International Amateur Radio Union.

The organization's primary mission is to popularize and promote amateur radio in Hong Kong. HARTS operates and maintains beacons and repeaters at Tai Mo Shan, Tate's Cairn, Victoria Peak, and Tin Shui Wai. The organization has provided communications support for charitable groups and events, and has formed a support network for amateur radio emergency communications. One membership benefit of the organization is a QSL bureau for members who regularly make communications with amateur radio operators in other countries.

International Amateur Radio Union
The International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) is an international confederation of national organisations that allows a forum for common matters of concern to amateur radio operators worldwide, and collectively represents matters to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The International Amateur Radio Union was founded in 1925 and, as of July 2021, it is composed of 174 national member societies.
Ouray County Plaindealer
The Ouray County Plaindealer is a weekly newspaper based in Ouray County, Colorado, United States, and owned by Mike Wiggins and Erin McIntyre. It is the newspaper of record for the City of Ouray, Town of Ridgway, and Ouray County. It publishes every Thursday.

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
Jallikattu (1987 film)
Jallikattu (transl. Bull-vaulting) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language vigilante action film directed by Manivannan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Sathyaraj and Radha. Produced by Chitra Ramu and Chitra Lakshmanan, it was released on 28 August 1987. The film was remade in Hindi as Jung Baaz (1989).

Chitra Lakshmanan
Lakshmanan Ramasamy (born 23 January 1948), known professionally as Chitra Lakshmanan, is an Indian journalist, filmmaker and actor. He produced and directed several Tamil language films starring some of Tamil cinema's major stars during the 1980s and 1990s, while appearing in numerous films and television series in supporting roles. He currently operates the YouTube channel Touring Talkies, which features Tamil cinema related interviews and discussions.
Oleh Boroday
Oleh Vadymovych Boroday (Ukrainian: Олег Вадимович Бородай; born 7 January 1993) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He is currently the assistant coach of Ukrainian First League club Viktoriya Sumy.

He made his debut for Olkom Melitopol in the Ukrainian Second League in 2010. He then signed a contract with FC Zorya and made his debut in this team as a substitute in second half in a match against KF Laçi in 2014–15 UEFA Europa League on  17 July 2014.

Ukrainian First League
The Persha Liha (Ukrainian: Перша ліга [ˈpɛrʃɐ ˈl⁽ʲ⁾iɦɐ]) or Ukrainian First League is a level of national football competitions (second tier) in Ukraine governed by the Professional Football League at the discretion of the Ukrainian Association of Football. Members of the league also participate in the Ukrainian Cup. The league is the intermediate level within the three-tiered "competition pyramid".
784 Pickeringia
784 Pickeringia (prov. designation: A914 FC or 1914 UM) is a large background asteroid, approximately 76 kilometers (47 miles) in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 20 March 1914, by American astronomer Joel Hastings Metcalf at the Winchester Observatory (799) in Massachusetts. The dark C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 13.1 hours and an irregular shape. It was named after American astronomers Edward Charles Pickering (1846–1919) and his brother William Henry Pickering (1858–1938).

Joel Hastings Metcalf
Joel Hastings Metcalf (January 4, 1866 – February 23, 1925) was an American astronomer, humanitarian and minister.

Reverend Metcalf graduated from Harvard Divinity School in 1892. He served as a Unitarian minister in Burlington, Vermont and in Taunton, Massachusetts, Winchester, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine.

He discovered or co-discovered several comets, including 23P/Brorsen-Metcalf and 97P/Metcalf-Brewington, and also 41 asteroids during 1905–1914, as credited by the Minor Planet Center.

Two of his discoveries, the main-belt asteroids 726 Joëlla and 792 Metcalfia, were named in his honor.
University of Atlanta
The University of Atlanta was a private, for-profit, distance education university headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It opened in Mobile, Alabama as Barrington University until it received accreditation in 2008. It relocated to Atlanta in 2008 and changed to University of Atlanta and was authorized by the State of Georgia's Nonpublic Post Secondary Education Commission. Until it closed June 30, 2013, the University of Atlanta was accredited by the Distance Education and Training Council.

For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.
1988 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game
The 1988 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game between the Georgia Southern Eagles and the Furman Paladins. The game was played on December 17, 1988, at Holt Arena in Pocatello, Idaho. The culminating game of the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season, it was won by Furman, 17–12.

Pocatello, Idaho
Pocatello (/ˈpoʊkəˈtɛloʊ/ ⓘ) is the county seat of and the largest city in Bannock County, with a small portion on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation in neighboring Power County, containing the city's airport. It is the principal city of the Pocatello metropolitan area, which encompasses all of Bannock County in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Idaho.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Pocatello was 56,320. Pocatello is the 6th most populous city in the state, just behind Caldwell.

The city is at an elevation of 4,462 feet (1,360 m) above sea level and it sits on the Portneuf River in the Snake River Plain ecoregion. Pocatello covers a land area of 33.36 square miles (86.4 square kilometers).

Pocatello is the home of Idaho State University and the manufacturing facilities of Amy's Kitchen and ON Semiconductor Corporation; it is served by the Pocatello Regional Airport.
Sunshine Millions Dash
The Sunshine Millions Dash is an American race for thoroughbred horses held in January as part of the eight-race Sunshine Millions series. Run at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California or at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida.  Half the eight races of the Sunshine Millions series are run at one track and half at the other.

Open to three-year-olds willing to race six furlongs on the dirt, the Dash is an ungraded stakes event but carries a purse of $250,000.  This race is also known as the Ocala Stud Dash Stakes.

The Sunshine Millions series of races are restricted to horses bred either in Florida or in California and is the brainchild of the Thoroughbred Owners of California, the California Thoroughbred Breeders Association, the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders' and Owners' Association, Inc., Santa Anita Park, Gulfstream Park, and Magna Entertainment Corp.

Gulfstream Park
Gulfstream Park  is a Thoroughbred horse race track, casino and outdoor entertainment and shopping destination in Hallandale Beach, Florida, United States. It is among the most important venues for horse racing in the United States, and is open 365 days a year.

The venue is owned by The Stronach Group. Thoroughbred horse racing occurs year-round, defined by three distinct race meets and one invitational:

Championship Meet (December - March)

Pegasus World Cup

Royal Palm Meet (April - September)

Flamingo Festival Meet (October - November)
Morais Guy
Morais Valentine Guy is a Jamaican politician from the People's National Party. He is member of the Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica, and is Shadow Minister for Health.

He has been an MP since 2002 having been elected on October 16, 2002 and has served continuously since then having contested 5 elections.

he previously served as a Cabinet Minister from 2012-2016 as Minister without Portfolio (Ministry of Transport, works & Housing with responsibility for Housing as well as the Island Traffic Authority.

People's National Party
The People's National Party (PNP) (Jamaican Patois: Piipl’s Nashinal Paati)  is a social democratic political party in Jamaica, founded in 1938 by Norman Washington Manley who served as party president until his death in 1969.  It holds 28 of the 63 seats in the House of Representatives, and 96 of the 227 local government divisions. The party is democratic socialist by constitution.

The party is a member of COPPPAL and a full member of Socialist International. From 1957-62, the party was a member of the West Indies Federal Labour Party in the Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation.
Shchetinka, Kursk Oblast
Shchetinka (Russian: Щетинка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') and the administrative center of Shchetinsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  592 (2010 Census); 598 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Sarrebourg station
Sarrebourg station is a railway station serving the town Sarrebourg, Moselle department, northeastern France. It is situated on the Paris–Strasbourg railway.

The first station was put in operation in 1851 by the Strasbourg–Basel railway company, which operates the section between the cities of Strasbourg and Sarrebourg on request by the Paris–Strasbourg railway company.

As of 2022, it is a travellers station of the Société nationale des chemins de fer français, belonging to the regional railway network TER Grand Est. It is served by TGV (high speed) trains and by regional express transport trains.

The station is served by trains towards Paris-Est, Strasbourg, Metz and Nancy.

TER Grand Est
TER Grand Est, operating under the brand TER Fluo, is the regional rail network serving the region of Grand Est, northeastern France. It is operated by the French national railway company SNCF on behalf of the region. It was formed in 2016 from the previous TER networks TER Alsace, TER Lorraine and TER Champagne-Ardenne, when the respective regions were merged.
1974–75 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1974 season began on December 21, 1974. The postseason tournament concluded with the Pittsburgh Steelers defeating the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IX, 16–6, on January 12, 1975, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana.

This was the last season in which the sites for the playoff games annually alternated by division.

Mike Wagner
Michael Robert Wagner (June 22, 1949 – February 18, 2026) was an American professional football player who was a safety for 10 seasons with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Western Illinois Leathernecks. He won four Super Bowls with the Steelers as a member of their famed Steel Curtain defense. Alongside Jack Ham, Wagner holds the franchise record for most playoff interceptions with five.
John Betjeman: A Poet in London
John Betjeman: A Poet in London is a 1959 British short film about John Betjeman, directed by Ken Russell for the BBC's Monitor television series. It was Russell's first professional film. He later made a second documentary featuring Betjeman, titled Journey into a Lost World, first shown in 1960.

John Betjeman
Sir John Betjeman CBE (/ˈbɛtʃəmən/; 28 August 1906 – 19 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster. He was Poet Laureate from 1972 until his death. He was a founding member of The Victorian Society and first president of The Hackney Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture, helping to save St Pancras railway station from demolition. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television.
The Passerby (TV series)
The Passerby is an American TV series that was broadcast in the 1950s and was distributed on the NTA Film Network. It was produced by Ely Landau.

Original plans called for a 15-minute program to be aired five times a week with production beginning in New York in October 1952. However, the trade publication Broadcasting in 1953 described the program as a "26-part series of half-hour TV films", with production having begun in June.

Celebrities who made guest appearances included Veronica Lake, Jackie Cooper, Fay Bainter, Eva Gabor, and Kent Smith. Among its directors was James Neilson (director).

Eva Gabor
Eva Gabor (/ˌeɪvə ɡəˈbɔːr, - ˈɡɑːbɔːr/ AY-və gə-BOR, -⁠ GAH-bor; February 11, 1919 – July 4, 1995) was a Hungarian-American actress and socialite. She gained fame for her role on the 1965–1971 television sitcom Green Acres as Lisa Douglas, the wife of Eddie Albert's character Oliver Wendell Douglas, and also was known for her voice roles for animated Disney films in the 1970s, including Duchess in The Aristocats (1970) and Miss Bianca in The Rescuers (1977) and its sequel The Rescuers Down Under (1990). In addition to acting, she was also a businesswoman who marketed wigs, clothing, and beauty products. Her elder sisters, Zsa Zsa and Magda Gabor, were also actresses and socialites.
Bank of Florida
Bank of Florida Corporation was a bank holding company based in Naples, Florida. The company operated 3 separate banks: Bank of Florida – Southwest, Bank of Florida – Southeast, and Bank of Florida – Tampa Bay.

On Friday, May 28, 2010, as a result of bank failure, the banks were shut down by the Florida Office of Financial Regulation. They were placed into receivership and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was named receiver. The assets of the banks were sold to EverBank.

At the time of the failure, Francis Rooney, the former U.S. ambassador to the Vatican, was the largest single shareholder of the bank, owning 3.38%.

Francis Rooney
Laurence Francis Rooney III (born December 4, 1953) is an American politician and diplomat who was a U.S. representative for Florida's 19th congressional district from 2017 to 2021. A Republican, he served as the U.S. ambassador to the Holy See from 2005 until 2008. Rooney earned a 95.90% lifetime score from the American Conservative Union.

Rooney is chairman of Rooney Holdings, formerly known as Rooney Brothers Company, an investment and holding company based in Naples, Florida. With a net worth of $22.6 million, Rooney had been one of the wealthiest members of Congress.

On October 19, 2019, Rooney announced that he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020. He was succeeded by state representative Byron Donalds.
Saint Joseph Mercy Health System
Saint Joseph Mercy Health System (SJMHS) was one of the largest health care networks based in southeast Michigan, United States. It was founded in 1911 and existed until 2022, when it merged with Mercy Health to form Trinity Health Michigan.

Prior to the merger, St. Joseph Mercy Health System consisted of five prime hospitals, nine urgent care centers, and five health centers spread around metro Detroit, providing health care in six counties that include Livingston, Macomb, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw, and Wayne.

Macomb County, Michigan
Macomb County (/məˈkoʊm/ mə-KOHM) is a county on the eastern shore of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Detroit metropolitan area, bordering Detroit to the north and containing many of its northern suburbs. Its seat of government is Mt. Clemens, and its largest community is Warren.  As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 881,217, making it the third-most populous county in the state, behind neighboring Wayne and Oakland. Macomb County contains 27 cities, townships and villages, including three of the ten most-populous municipalities in Michigan. Most of this population is concentrated south of Hall Road (M-59), one of the county's main thoroughfares.
Vikassheel Insaan Party
The Vikassheel Insaan Party is an Indian political party, formally launched on  4 November 2018, by Bollywood set designer Mukesh Sahani, who campaigned for the Bharatiya Janata Party during the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. They contested in three Lok Sabha constituencies in 2019 from Madhubani, Muzaffarpur and Khagaria but failed to win any seats. The support base for the party consists mainly of the Nishad, Nonia, Bind, Beldar community, which comprises 20 sub-castes of fisherman and boatmen.

Bind (caste)
The Bind are a caste found in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Tripura. Binds are included in the Other Backward Class list in many states. Bind is one of the Jaliya communities. In Uttar Pradesh, they are known by the Jaliya sub-caste. In Bihar Bin/Bind comes under OBC.

As per the caste-based census data release by Bihar government, there are 12,85,358 Binds (0.9833% of population of Bihar)
Gallium(III) hydroxide
Gallium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ga(OH)3. It is formed as a gel following the addition of ammonia to Ga3+ salts. It is also found in nature as the rare mineral söhngeite which is reported to contain octahedrally coordinated gallium atoms.
Gallium hydroxide is amphoteric. In strongly acidic conditions, the gallium ion, Ga3+ is formed. In strongly basic conditions, [Ga(OH)4]− (tetrahydroxogallate(III)) is formed. Salts of [Ga(OH)4]− are sometimes called gallates.

Gel
A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system.

Gels are mostly liquid by mass, yet they behave like solids because of a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the cross-linking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way, gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid medium. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatine.

The process of forming a gel is called gelation.
Otz Tollen
Otz Tollen (9 April 1882 – 19 July 1965) was a German actor and film director.

Born in Berlin, he made his film debut in the 1912 Joe May directed film In der Tiefe des Schachtes. His last film role was an appearance in the 1960 Nadja Tiller film The Ambassador.

Nadja Tiller
Nadja Tiller (16 March 1929 – 21 February 2023) was an Austrian actress in film, television, and on stage. She was one of the most popular German-speaking actresses in the international cinema of the 1950s and 1960s, receiving international recognition when she played the title role in the 1958 film Das Mädchen Rosemarie (Rosemary) in 1958, shown at the Venice Film Festival. It opened the way to international films. She often played alongside her husband, Walter Giller.