hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas Diamond
Douglas Warren Diamond (born October 25, 1953) is an American economist. He is the Merton H. Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, where he has taught since 1979. Diamond specializes in the study of financial intermediaries, financial crises, and liquidity. He is a former president of the American Finance Association (2003) and the Western Finance Association (2001–02).

In October 2022, Diamond was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with Ben Bernanke and Philip H. Dybvig. The prize was awarded in recognition of the economists' "research on banks and financial crises"

Diamond is best known for his work on financial crises and bank runs, particularly the influential Diamond–Dybvig model published in 1983 and the Diamond model of delegated monitoring published in 1984. In 2016, he was awarded the CME Group-MSRI Prize in Innovative Quantitative Applications.

Market liquidity
In business, economics or investment, market liquidity is a market's feature whereby an individual or firm can quickly purchase or sell an asset without causing a drastic change in the asset's price. Liquidity involves the trade-off between the price at which an asset can be sold, and how quickly it can be sold. In a liquid market, the trade-off is mild: one can sell quickly without having to accept a significantly lower price. In a relatively illiquid market, an asset must be discounted in order to sell quickly. A liquid asset is an asset which can be converted into cash within a relatively short period of time, or cash itself, which can be considered the most liquid asset because it can be exchanged for goods and services instantly at face value.
Laura Niquay
Laura Niquay (born 1982) is an Atikamekw singer-songwriter from Canada, whose album Waska Matisiwin was a longlisted nominee for the 2021 Polaris Music Prize.

Originally from Wemotaci, Quebec, Niquay participated in the recording of her uncle Arthur Petiquay's 2005 album Awacic. She released her own debut album, Waratanak, in 2015, and followed up with Waska Matisiwin in 2021. Waska Matisiwin won the Félix Award for Indigenous Language Album of the Year, and Niquay won the award for Indigenous Artist of the Year, at the 44th Félix Awards in 2022.

Wemotaci
Wemotaci (designated as Weymontachie 23 until 1997) is a First Nations reserve on the north shore of the Saint-Maurice River at the mouth of the Manouane River in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. Together with the Obedjiwan and the Coucoucache Indian Reserve No. 24, it belongs to the Atikamekw First Nation.

The reserve, an enclave within the city of La Tuque, is bordered to the west and south by the Saint-Maurice River, whereas its eastern boundary is about 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) long, and its northern boundary is 7.8 kilometres (4.8 mi). It is accessible by gravel road from La Tuque's town centre through the hamlet of Sanmaur that is on the opposite shore of the Saint-Maurice River. Also at this location, the Canadian National Railway crosses the river and has a siding at Sanmaur.
Soleymanabad, Buin Zahra
Soleymanabad (Persian: سليمان اباد, also Romanized as Soleymānābād) is a village in Dashtabi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Dashtabi District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 239, in 47 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Fénix CR Zaragoza
Fénix Club de Rugby Zaragoza, known for sponsorship reasons as Recoletas Salud Fénix Rugby Zaragoza is an Aragonese rugby union club, based in the city of Zaragoza. It currently plays in the División de Honor Élite, the B team and the women's team play in the Aragonese league.

División de Honor Élite de Rugby
División de Honor Élite is the second level of men's rugby union competition in Spain, created in 2025 as part of a major restructuring of the national league system. It is organized by the Federación Española de Rugby (RFER).
Makhgalyn Bayarjavkhlan
Makhgalyn Bayarjavkhlan (Mongolian: Махгалын Баяржавхлан; born 18 June 1978 in Nömreg sum, Zavkhan aimag) is a Mongolian judoka who competed in the super heavyweight division (+100 kg). He was also the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony in the 2008 Summer Olympics. Before the Games started, Makhgal competed at the 2008 Asian Judo Championships, where he placed seventh in the super heavyweight division.

During the competition, Makhgal lost in the first round of the men's super heavyweight division, after Janusz Wojnarowicz (Poland) scored an ippon (a full one point) within a time of 24 seconds.

2008 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations
2008 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations was part of the opening ceremony that originating with the 1896 Olympic Games. The national team from each nation participating in the Olympic Games paraded behind their national flag into the Olympic Stadium. The flag bearer was an athlete of each national delegation chosen, to represent the athletes, either by the National Olympic Committee or by the national team.

Announcers in the stadium read off the names of the marching nations in French, English, (the official languages of the Olympics) and Mandarin Chinese with music accompanying the athletes as they marched into the stadium.

The Marshall Islands, Montenegro, and Tuvalu debuted at these Games, and Serbia competed under its name for the first time after the 1912 Summer Olympics. Montenegro and Serbia were previously one country as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
Bathing Ghat, Bulandshahr
The Bathing Ghat in Bulandshahr is a stone platform with steps positioned between four domed towers on the banks of the Kali River in Bulandshahr, India. Its foundation stone was laid in 1878 under the supervision of British district magistrate and collector for the Indian Civil Service, Frederick Growse. It was completed in 1880.

Within a few years of construction, it had become a site for local festivals and displays of fireworks, particularly at Holi.

District magistrate
The district magistrate, also known as the district collector or deputy commissioner, is a career civil servant who serves as the executive head of a district's administration in India. The specific name depends on the state or union territory. Each of these posts has distinct responsibilities, and an officer can assume all of these roles at once. The district magistrate is primarily responsible for maintaining law and order, while the district collector focuses on land revenue administration, and the deputy commissioner is in charge of overseeing developmental activities and coordinates government departments. Additionally, they also serve as election officers, registrar, marriage officer, licensing authority, and managing disaster responses, among other things. While the specific scope of duties may vary from state to state, they are generally similar. The district magistrate comes under the general supervision of divisional commissioner.
Lucius D. Clay Kaserne
The Lucius D. Clay Kaserne (German: Flugplatz Wiesbaden-Erbenheim) (IATA: WIE, ICAO: ETOU), commonly known as Clay Kaserne, formerly known as Wiesbaden Air Base and later as Wiesbaden Army Airfield, is an installation of the United States Army in Hesse, Germany. The kaserne is located within the boroughs Wiesbaden-Erbenheim and Wiesbaden-Delkenheim. Named for General Lucius D. Clay, it is the home of the Army's 2d Theater Signal Brigade, 66th Military Intelligence Brigade and is the headquarters of the U.S. Army Europe and Africa (USAREUR-AF).

USAREUR-AF oversees V Corps, Security Assistance Group-Ukraine, the 7th Army Training Command, 10th Army Air & Missile Defense Command and 21st Theater Sustainment Command. Clay Kaserne also maintains an airfield, facilitated by 1-214th Aviation.

10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command
The 10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command (10th AAMDC) is a theater-level Army air- and missile-defense organization under United States Army Europe. The 10th AAMDC deploys worldwide to conduct joint, combined, and coalition air missile defense ops for US European Command. It serves as the USAREUR’s executive agent for theater air and missile defense ops and air missile defense force management.
Enrico Valtorta
Enrico Pascal Valtorta (Chinese: 恩理覺) (14 May 1883 – 3 September 1951) was the last Apostolic Vicar and the first Roman Catholic bishop of Hong Kong.

He was born in Italy at Carate Brianza, and was ordained priest in Milan on 30 March 1907 for the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (PIME).

He arrived in Hong Kong on 5 October 1907 and from 1909 to 1911 was apostolic missionary for Nam Tau (San On District) and Sai Kung (New Territories); Rector of St. Joseph's Church at Garden Road and teacher at seminary in 1913; chaplain to Victoria Gaol (1921–1925).
Appointed 4th Vicar Apostolic of Hong Kong on 8 March 1926, was consecrated titular bishop of Lerus on 13 June 1926. Hong Kong Apostolic Vicariate was raised to a diocese on 11 April 1946. Bishop Valtorta was installed as bishop of the Hong Kong Diocese on 31 October 1948. He died in Hong Kong in 1951.

Valtorta College in Tai Po was named after him.

Victoria Prison
Victoria Prison was the first and longest-running prison to date in Hong Kong. It is located on Old Bailey Street in Central, Hong Kong Island. Named in honour of Queen Victoria, it was originally known as Victoria Gaol and was renamed into Victoria Prison in 1899. Victoria Prison has been redeveloped into a cultural and shopping destination generally called Tai Kwun (大館). Tai Kwun is composed of three declared monuments: the former Central Police Station, former Central Magistracy and Victoria Prison.
Enrico Cuenca
Enrico Nicolas Rodrigo Cuenca is a Filipino actor appearing in TV shows like Super Ma'am starring GMA-7's Primetime Queen Marian Rivera and episodes in Wagas and Daig Kayo ng Lola Ko.  He has also appeared in commercials from Filipino fast-food chain Jollibee.

Cuenca is a member of GMA Artist Center, and is 5'10" tall.

Enrico started acting in theatre at a young age. He studied at the Ateneo De Manila University and graduated from California State University in Long Beach, California. Cuenca is signed with Mercator Model Management managed by Jonas Gaffud.

Cuenca starred in the viral Valentine’s Day Jollibee commercial entitled “Crush” with fellow GMA Network artist Ash Ortega, as well as its sequel the following year entitled "Homecoming". Enrico has since appeared in the movies Recipe for Love and Spirit of the Glass 2: The Haunted, playing a character named  Andre.

Sparkle GMA Artist Center
Sparkle (stylized in all caps, formerly known as GMA Artist Center, also formally as GMA Talent Development and Management Department and Sparkle GMA Artist Center) is the talent agency owned by GMA Network Inc. based in Quezon City, Philippines that was founded on August 12, 1995.
Dudley Octoman
Charles Caleb Dudley Octoman (31 May 1904 – 11 September 1966), commonly known as Dudley Octoman or C. D. Octoman, was a politician in the State of South Australia.

He was born the oldest of four sons of Charles Machon Octoman (ca.1871 – 28 March 1949), perhaps in  Tumby Bay, where his father, a coachbuilder, was a pioneer, or in Lipson, where he later had a farm. The family lived in Payneham from 1919 to 1926 for the sons' education. Dudley was employed as a teller with the National Bank of Australasia at Mount Gambier then Port Elliot

He enlisted with the RAAF during World War II and remained with the service for several years after cessation of hostilities.

He was elected to a Northern districts seat on the Legislative Council 6 March 1965 and died in office. Arthur Whyte won the resulting by-election.

Mount Gambier
Mount Gambier (/ˈɡæmbiəɹ/ GAM-bee-ər) is the second most populated city in South Australia, with a population of 26,878 as of the 2021 census. The city is located on the slopes of Mount Gambier, a volcano in the south east of the state, about 450 kilometres (280 mi) south-east of the capital Adelaide and just 17 kilometres (11 mi) from the Victorian border. The traditional owners of the area are the Bungandidj (or Buandik) people. Mount Gambier is the most important settlement in the Limestone Coast region and the seat of government for both the City of Mount Gambier and the District Council of Grant.

The city is well known for its geographical features, particularly its volcanic and limestone features, most notably Blue Lake/Waawor/Warwar, and its parks, gardens, caves and sinkholes.
Moditten
Moditten was first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Tsentralny District in Kaliningrad, Russia.

Moditten was located between Juditten to the east and Metgethen to the west; farther to the south along the Pregel was Holstein. It was documented in 1258 as Maudytyn and in 1389 as Maydithen, names of Old Prussian origin. The Spittler, an official of the Teutonic Knights in charge of hospital affairs, possessed the Spittelhof manor near Moditten. It was later owned by Johann Schimmelpfennig (1604-69), a Königsberg councillor and vice-mayor of Kneiphof. The philosopher Immanuel Kant was good friends with the Moditten forester Wobeser; the summer house in which Kant stayed has been preserved. Moditten's forestry house was visited by tourists and praised for its Kopskiekelwein, a type of currant wine.

Moditten was incorporated into the city of Königsberg in 1939.

Pregolsky Microdistrict
54°41′36″N 20°23′42″E﻿ / ﻿54.69333°N 20.39500°E﻿ / 54.69333; 20.39500

Pregolsky (Russian: Прегольский) is a residential area within Tsentralny City District of Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.

Prior to World War II, it was known by its German language name Holstein (archaic Hollstein) as first a suburban estate and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany, located west of the city center.
Gossip (2000 American film)
Gossip is a 2000 American teen psychological thriller film directed by Davis Guggenheim, and starring James Marsden, Lena Headey, Norman Reedus, Kate Hudson, Marisa Coughlan and Joshua Jackson. The film follows a trio of college students who decide to start a rumor for a class assignment and track its circulation, but the rumor results in grave consequences and spirals out of control. The film was a box office disappointment and received negative reviews.

Davis Guggenheim
Philip Davis Guggenheim is an American screenwriter, director, and producer.

Active in television and film's directions and productions since the 1990s, from 2006 Guggenheim has specialized in making documentaries, ranking the top 100 highest-grossing documentaries of all time with three works: An Inconvenient Truth, It Might Get Loud, and Waiting for "Superman".

Guggenheim's cinematographic projects received several awards and nominations, including the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film for An Inconvenient Truth, the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Documentary Feature for He Named Me Malala and two nominations at the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Documentary/Nonfiction Program.

His credits include NYPD Blue, ER, 24, Alias, The Shield, Deadwood, and the documentaries It Might Get Loud, The Road We've Traveled, Waiting for "Superman", Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates.
Rove Live Radio
Rove Live Radio was a radio programme starring Rove McManus, Corinne Grant, and Peter Helliar. It ran from 2002 to 2004.

It was originally known as Saturday Morning Rove due to its 10 am - 12 pm Saturday timeslot. It was pre-recorded on the preceding Friday. In 2004 it adopted the name Rove Live Radio, and moved to live on Friday mornings to allow live interaction with talkback callers.

It was broadcast from Austereo's Fox FM nationally, and syndicated to many regional stations via MCM Entertainment.

Fox FM (Melbourne)
37°51′40″S 144°59′05″E﻿ / ﻿37.8612°S 144.9848°E﻿ / -37.8612; 144.9848

Fox FM (call sign: 3FOX) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on a frequency of 101.9 MHz, and is the flagship station on Southern Cross Austereo's Hit Network. The station's transmitter is shared with the ATV-10 transmitter on top of Mount Dandenong.
Jill Goldthwait
Jill Goldthwait is an American politician from Maine. Goldthwait grew up in New Jersey and obtained a degree in nursing in California. She served a stint as a Peace Corps volunteer in Tonga. She moved to Maine in 1978 and settled in Bar Harbor, Maine on Mount Desert Island. She worked as an emergency department nurse at Mount Desert Island Hospital and served on the Bar Harbor Town Council for 9 years prior to running for Maine State Senate. An unenrolled (independent), she won 4 terms (1994-2002) in the State Senate before being unable to run for re-election due to term-limits. She then took a job with Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, which later turned into a permanent position as Director of Government Relations. In 2005, Goldthwait was named by Governor John Baldacci to the state's newly created Creative Economy Council.

Mount Desert Island
Mount Desert Island (MDI; French: Île des Monts Déserts; Malecite-Passamaquoddy: Pesamkuk) is the largest island of Maine, United States. Lying in Hancock County off the north-central coast, it has an area of 108 square miles (280 km2), making it the sixth-largest island in the contiguous United States, and the second-largest island on the Eastern Seaboard, behind Long Island and ahead of Martha's Vineyard. According to the 2010 census, the island has a year-round population of 10,615. In 2017, an estimated 3.5 million tourists visited Acadia National Park on MDI. The island is home to numerous well-known summer colonies such as Northeast Harbor and Bar Harbor.
University Act (British Columbia)
The University Act of British Columbia prescribes the powers, operations, and procedures of universities in British Columbia, and sets out their structures, faculties, administrations, and governing bodies.

The Act provides for the following universities:

University of British Columbia;

University of Victoria;

Simon Fraser University; and

University of Northern British Columbia.

It was enacted by the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia to establish degree-granting universities for British Columbia.

The first University Act was passed in 1890, which continues in force and defines the first Convocation of The University of British Columbia. A subsequent Act was passed in 1908 (in conjunction with the University Endowment Act of 1907). Under this new statute, the governance of the University of British Columbia was clarified.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Røver Anchorage
Røver Anchorage (54°27′S 3°21′E﻿ / ﻿54.450°S 3.350°E﻿ / -54.450; 3.350) is an open anchorage along the southwest coast of Bouvetøya, approximately midway between Norvegia Point and Lars Island. The anchorage was used in December 1927 by the Norvegia, the vessel of the Norwegian expedition under Captain Harald Horntvedt. They named it Røverhullet ("robber's hole"), a name suggesting a place where only pirates would feel at home.

Anchorage (maritime)
An anchorage is a location at sea where ships can lower anchors.

Anchorages are where anchors are lowered and utilised, whereas moorings usually are tethering to buoys or something similar.  The locations usually have conditions for safe anchorage in protection from weather conditions, and other hazards.

The purpose of resting a ship at sea securely can be for waiting to enter ports, as well as taking on cargo or passengers where insufficient port facilities exist.

Some coastlines without port facilities have extensive anchorage locations.

In the days of large-scale sailing ship operations, a ship could wait at an anchorage for the wind to change, allowing it to continue its journey.

The mooring of large ships in locations with adequate conditions for secure berthing is an engineering task requiring considerable technical skill.
Russians in Uzbekistan
Russians in Uzbekistan comprised the country's second-largest ethnic group after Uzbeks, numbering 720,324 in 2021, representing 2.1% of the population. Prior to the fall of the Soviet Union, there were 1,653,475 Russians living in Uzbekistan (1989). During the Soviet period, Russians constituted more than half the population of the capital city, Tashkent.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, significant emigration of ethnic Russians took place, mostly for economic reasons. Russians are concentrated in Tashkent, Bukhara and other major cities. The main religion is Russian Orthodoxy. Since 2014, 200,000 people have left to live in Russia, many citing discrimination and poor job opportunities.

Several Russians fled to Uzbekistan to avoid the 2022 Russian mobilization.

Bukhara
Bukhara (/bʊˈxɑːrə/ buu-KHAR-ə) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.

The Bukhara region has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Uzbek states such as the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara and later the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.
Hale House (Los Angeles, California)
Hale House is a Queen Anne style Victorian mansion built in 1887 in the Highland Park section of northeast Los Angeles, California.  It has been described as "the most photographed house in the entire city", and "the most elaborately decorated". In 1966, it was declared a Historic-Cultural Monument, and in 1972 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The house was relocated in 1970 to the Heritage Square Museum in Montecito Heights where it remains open to the public.

Highland Park, Los Angeles
Highland Park is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, located in the city's Northeast region. It was one of the first subdivisions of Los Angeles and is inhabited by a variety of ethnic and socioeconomic groups.