hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rashid Mahdi
Rashid Mahdi (Arabic: رشيد مهدي, 1923 – 2008) was a Sudanese photographer, active in Atbara from the 1950s to the 1970s. French photographer Claude Iverné, founder of a large archive of photographs dedicated to this "Golden Age" of photography in Sudan, called Mahdi "certainly the most sophisticated and one of the major African photographers of the 20th century."

Most prominently, Mahdi's photographs were presented at the African Photography Encounters in Bamako, Mali, in 2005, in a personal exhibition during the Paris Photo fair in 2011, as well as at the 2017 retrospective exhibition "The Khartoum School: the making of the modern art movement in Sudan (1945 – present)", presented by the Sharjah Art Foundation, United Arab Emirates. His work is also represented in the collection of the Musée du quai Branly in Paris.

Atbara
Atbara (sometimes Atbarah) (Arabic: عطبرة ʿAṭbarah) is a city located in River Nile State in northeastern Sudan.

Because of its links to the railway industry, Atbara is also known as the 'Railway City'.

Atbara's population was recorded as 134,586 during the 2008 census.
Vesicle-associated membrane protein
Vesicle associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) are a family of SNARE proteins with similar structure, and are mostly involved in vesicle fusion.

VAMP1 and VAMP2 proteins known as synaptobrevins are expressed in brain and are constituents of the synaptic vesicles, where they participate in neurotransmitter release.

VAMP3 (known as cellubrevin) is ubiquitously expressed and participates in regulated and constitutive exocytosis as a constituent of secretory granules and secretory vesicles.

VAMP5 and VAMP7 participate in constitutive exocytosis. 
VAMP5 is a constituent of secretory vesicles, myotubes and tubulovesicular structures.
VAMP7 is found both in secretory granules and endosomes.

VAMP8 (known as endobrevin) participates in endocytosis and is found in early endosomes. VAMP8 also participates the regulated exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells.

VAMP4 is involved in transport from the Golgi.

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP8 gene.

Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin family. It is associated with the perinuclear vesicular structures of the early endocytic compartment. It has been found that VAMP8 interacts specifically with the soluble NSF-attachment protein (alpha-SNAP), most likely through an VAMP8-containing SNARE complex. Phosphorylation of VAMP8 inside the conserved SNARE-domain can suppress vesicle fusion.
2006 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2006 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested at the 85th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team champions of men's and women's Division I collegiate outdoor track and field in the United States.

This year's meet, the 25th with both men's and women's championships, was held June 7–10, 2006 at Hornet Stadium at Sacramento State University in Sacramento, California.

Florida State won the men's title, the Seminoles' first.

Auburn won the women's title, the Tigers' first.

Auburn Tigers
The Auburn Tigers are the athletic teams representing Auburn University, a public four-year university located in Auburn, Alabama, United States. The Auburn Tigers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Eelco Sintnicolaas
Eelco Sintnicolaas (Dutch: [ˈeːlkoː sɪntˈnikoːlaːs]; born 7 April 1987) is a Dutch track and field athlete, specialising in the decathlon.

His personal best in the decathlon is a score of 8,052 points at the Götzis Meeting in 2009. That same year he earned a gold medal at the U23 European Championships, with 8,112 points, whereas his best result was a silver medal at the 2010 European Championships in Athletics in Barcelona with 8,436 points. At the Götzis Meeting in 2012 he finished second with personal best result 8,506 pts.

He cleared 8,000 points at the 2013 Decastar meeting, taking third place with a total of 8,018.

Décastar
Décastar (stylised DECASTAR) is an annual athletics competition that takes place in Talence, in the department of the Gironde in France. Organised by ADEM L'ADEM, it is one of the athletics meetings that make up the World Athletics Challenge – Combined Events. Male and female athletes compete in the decathlon or heptathlon, respectively, and points scored at the Décastar count towards a yearly total for the parent competition.
Yan tan tethera
Yan Tan Tethera or yan-tan-tethera is a sheep-counting system traditionally used by shepherds in Yorkshire, Northern England, and some other parts of Britain. The words may be derived from numbers in Brythonic Celtic languages such as Cumbric which had died out in most of Northern England possibly as early as the sixth century, but they were commonly used for sheep counting and counting stitches in knitting until the Industrial Revolution, especially in the fells of the Lake District. Though most of these number systems fell out of use by the turn of the 20th century, some are still in use.

Shepherd
A shepherd is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep. Shepherding is one of the world's oldest occupations; it exists in many parts of the globe, and it is an important part of pastoralist animal husbandry.

Because the occupation is so widespread, many religions and cultures have symbolic or metaphorical references to shepherds. For example, Jesus called himself the Good Shepherd, and ancient Greek mythologies highlighted shepherds such as Endymion and Daphnis. This symbolism and shepherds as characters are at the center of pastoral literature and art.
Sicilian Questions
Sicilian Questions (المسائل الصقلية, al-Masāʼil al-Ṣiqilliyya, in Arabic) is a 13th-century philosophical work by Ibn Sab'in. It contains the answer given by him to some philosophical questions raised by the Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and has been defined as "symbol on the intellectual relations between medieval Christian Europe and the Islamic world".

On the Sicilian Questions exist, so far, the complete editions of Şerefettin Yaltkaya, according to the 534th Arabic manuscript from the Bodleian Library at Oxford; and several complete translations: to Turkish, to Italian, and to Spanish; as well as diverse partial translations: to French, Spanish and German.

Regarding the author's style, the book has obvious signs of eloquence and elegance, as well as extensive scientific knowledge. But at the same time, it warns, sometimes, a certain monotony, excessive rhetoric, with consequent abrupt interruptions retakes, disjunctions, etc.

Alexander of Aphrodisias
Alexander of Aphrodisias (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀφροδισιεύς, romanized: Alexandros ho Aphrodisieus; fl. 200 AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle. He was a native of Aphrodisias in Caria and lived and taught in Athens at the beginning of the 3rd century, where he held a position as head of the Peripatetic school. He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle, extant are those on the Prior Analytics, Topics, Meteorology, Sense and Sensibilia, and Metaphysics. Several original treatises also survive, and include a work On Fate, in which he argues against the Stoic doctrine of necessity; and one On the Soul. His commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was styled, by way of pre-eminence, "the commentator" (ὁ ἐξηγητής).
Mighty Mouth
Mighty Mouth (Korean: 마이티 마우스) is a South Korean duet male group made up of Sangchu (Korean: 상추) and Shorry J (Korean: 쇼리 J). Debuted in 2008 with their Energy album featuring Yoon Eun Hye for "I love you", Sunye of Wonder Girls for "Energy" and Son Dambi for "Family".

On January 18, 2011, Mighty Mouth released Tok Tok as part of their album Mighty Fresh. This was the first of many songs featuring Soya.

On 30 October 2012, Sang-chu enlisted for mandatory military service for five weeks of basic training followed by 21 months as an active-duty soldier with the 306th draft in Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi Province, where he served along with Super Junior's leader Leeteuk until his discharge on 8 Aug 2014.

In April 2016, the duo launched their own agency Allmighty Records.

Son Dam-bi
Son Dam-bi (Korean: 손담비; born September 25, 1983) is a South Korean singer, actress and entertainer. She began her career as a solo singer in 2007. She also made her acting debut in the 2009 Korean drama Dream.
Tanjung Piai
Tanjung Piai (Jawi: تنجوڠ ڤياي) is a cape in Pontian District, Johor, Malaysia. It is the southernmost point of Peninsular Malaysia and thus the most southern point of mainland Eurasia. The skyline of Singapore is visible across the Johor Strait from the point. It features seafood restaurants, perched on wooden jetties that are surrounded by a rugged and rarefied coastline of unspoiled mangrove forests.

0.33 nautical miles south of the point, at the edge of the dries, is a 15-metre light tower that flashes once every 3 seconds and houses a radar transponder beacon that transmits the Morse letter "M".

Straits of Johor
The Johor Strait (also known as the Tebrau Strait, Straits of Johor, Selat Johor, Selat Tebrau, and Tebrau Reach, also spelled Johore Strait) is an international tidal strait in Southeast Asia, between Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia.
Coelostathma caerulea
Coelostathma caerulea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Cocos Island (Pacific Ocean/Costa Rica).

The forewing length is 4.3–4.8 mm (0.17–0.19 in) in males and 4.2–4.5 mm (0.17–0.18 in) in females. The forewings and thorax are blackish brown and have shiny blue spots – hence the specific name caerulea, from Latin caeruleus, meaning "sky-blue".

Thorax (arthropod anatomy)
The thorax is the midsection (tagma) of the hexapod body (insects and entognathans). It holds the head, legs, wings and abdomen. It is also called mesosoma or cephalothorax in other arthropods.

It is formed by the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax and comprises the scutellum; the cervix, a membrane that separates the head from the thorax; and the pleuron, a lateral sclerite of the thorax.

In dragonflies and damselflies, the mesothorax and metathorax are fused together to form the synthorax.

In some insect pupae, like the mosquitoes', the head and thorax can be fused in a cephalothorax.

Members of suborder Apocrita (wasps, ants and bees) in the order Hymenoptera have the first segment of the abdomen fused with the thorax, which is called the propodeum. The head is connected to the thorax by the occipital foramen, enabling a wide range of motion for the head.

In most flying insects, the thorax allows for the use of asynchronous muscles.
Sarath Amunugama
Sarath Amunugama is a leading Sri Lankan academic, who is a professor of French and the founding Vice-Chancellor of the University of the Visual & Performing Arts, Colombo. He is a former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Kelaniya.

Amunugama received his secondary education at Kingswood College, Kandy and entered the University of Ceylon before attending University of Sorbonne III, Paris specializing in modern languages where he gained his Licentiate, Master's and PhD. He then gain a DESS from the University of Burgundy.

During his long teaching career he had held several distinguished positions such as dean, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya before benign appointed as the first Vice Chancellor of the newly established University of the Visual & Performing Arts on  July 1, 2005. In 2008, he was appointed vice chancellor of the University of Kelaniya.

Licentiate
A licentiate (abbreviated Lic.) is an academic degree awarded in many countries, by a variety of types of educational (usually tertiary) institutions, after a variety of courses of study.  It can represent completion of study at different educational levels, in Europe it is commonly for postgraduate studies program.

The ecclesiastical licentiate is also a postgraduate degree preparatory to a ecclesiastical doctoral degree when issued by pontifical universities and certain other universities in Europe. The ecclesiastical licentiate in the civil system is considered similar to the coursework and exams of a Doctor of Philosophy program.

The term is also used for a person who holds this degree.
Gold-digging ant
The gold-digging ant is a mythical insect described in classical and medieval bestiaries. They were dog- or fox-sized ants that dug up gold in sandy areas. Some versions of the Physiologus said they came from Aethiopia, while Herodotus claimed they were located in India. They were also briefly mentioned by Megasthenes in his book Indika.

Megasthenes
Megasthenes (/mɪˈɡæsθɪniːz/ mi-GAS-thi-neez; Ancient Greek: Μεγασθένης, died c. 290 BCE) was an ancient Greek historian, indologist, diplomat, ethnographer and explorer in the Hellenistic period. He described India in his book Indica, which is now lost, but has been partially reconstructed from literary fragments found in later authors that quoted his work. Megasthenes was the first person from the Western world to leave a written description of India.
Noriko Ogawa (singer)
Noriko Ogawa (小川範子, Ogawa Noriko), born Shigemi Tanimoto (谷本重美, Tanimoto Shigemi), is a Japanese actress and J-pop singer born in Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan on 20 July 1973. In 1979, she made her acting debut as a child-actress in television drama series Tetsudou Kouankan and, in 1987, her singing debut with the single Namida o Tabanete under Taurus Records. Her alma mater is Waseda University.

Tachikawa, Tokyo
Tachikawa (立川市, Tachikawa-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 184,383 in 93,428 households, and a population density of 7,600 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is  24.36 square kilometres (9.41 sq mi).
Arkwright, New York
Arkwright is a town in Chautauqua County, New York,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 1,000. The town is named after Richard Arkwright, the inventor of a spinning device.

Arkwright is in the northeastern quadrant of Chautauqua County and is southeast of the city of Dunkirk.

Spinning (textiles)
Spinning is a twisting technique to form yarn from fibers. The fiber intended is drawn out, twisted, and wound onto a bobbin. A few popular fibers that are spun into yarn other than cotton, which is the most popular, are viscose (the most common form of rayon), animal fibers such as wool, and synthetic polyester. Originally done by hand using a spindle whorl, starting in the 500s AD the spinning wheel became the predominant spinning tool across Asia and Europe. The spinning jenny and spinning mule, invented in the late 1700s, made mechanical spinning far more efficient than spinning by hand, and especially made cotton manufacturing one of the most important industries of the Industrial Revolution.
Benno Elkan
Benno Elkan OBE (2 December 1877 – 10 January 1960,) was a German-born British sculptor and medallist. His work includes the big Menorah standing in front of the Knesset in Jerusalem and also numerous monuments, busts and medals in Germany and England.

Buckfast Abbey
Buckfast Abbey forms part of an active Benedictine monastery at Buckfast, near Buckfastleigh, Devon, England. Buckfast first became home to an abbey in 1018. The first Benedictine abbey was followed by a Savignac, later Cistercian, abbey constructed on the site of the current abbey in 1134. The monastery was largely demolished after its dissolution in 1539. In 1882 the site was purchased by French Benedictines who refounded a monastery on the site. New monastic buildings incorporated the remaining Gothic house. Buckfast was formally reinstated as an abbey in 1902. Work on a new abbey church, which was constructed mostly on the footprint of the former Cistercian abbey, started in 1907. The church was completed in 1938. As of 2020, the abbey has 13 monks.
Tell Aran
Tell Aran (Arabic: تل عرن; also spelled, Tell Arn; ancient Arne, Kurdish: Girê Aran) is a Kurdish-majority town in northern Syria, administratively part of the al-Safira District of the Aleppo Governorate, located southeast of Aleppo close to Sabkhat al-Jabbul. Nearby localities include Tell Hasel, al-Nayrab and Tell Shughayb to the northwest and al-Safira to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tell Aran had a population of 17,767 in the 2004 census. The town is famous for its grapes, vineyards and gardens.
The number of residents of Tell Aran has exceeded 60,000, after a large number of people were displaced from the city of Aleppo due to the civil war.

Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab, [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]; Kurmanji Kurdish: Parêzgeha Helebê) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km2 (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 square kilometres (7,142 sq mi)2, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of Aleppo.
Tesco Town
Tesco Town is British slang for an area where one retailer has large market share. Although the term references the Tesco chain of stores, it can be used to describe any area dominated by one particular retailer.

In October 2009 the Competition Commission passed its proposal for a "competition test" on to the Department for Communities and Local Government. The test would ban  from adding more space in an area, which it says will improve choice for shoppers by making it easier for rival grocers to open.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
PAJ
PAJ stands for

PAJ (journal), originally Performing Arts Journal, a triannual art magazine

Parachinar Airport's IATA code

Industrial Property Digital Library or Patent Abstracts of Japan, a database of English abstracts of Japanese patent documents

Petroleum Association of Japan

Industrial Property Digital Library
The Industrial Property Digital Library (IPDL) is a free online service for searching Japanese patents, patent applications, utility models, designs and trademarks. It makes available to the public the intellectual property Gazettes of the Japan Patent Office (JPO). The IPDL provides around 55.5 million documents and their relevant information as published since the end of the 19th century.

The service was originally developed by the JPO, which had provided it since March 1999. The information is now available from the National Center for Industrial Property Information and Training (INPIT), since October 1, 2004.

The Patent Abstracts of Japan (PAJ) are accessible through the IPDL web site, and provide access to English abstracts of Japanese patent documents. The PAJ is published since 1976. The PAJ includes the legal status information since January 1993.
1908 Belgian general election
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 24 May 1908. The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won 37 of the 82 seats in the Chamber of Representatives. The François Schollaert government remained in office.

Under the alternating system, elections were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Liège and East Flanders.

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
Fair Warning (1937 film)
Fair Warning is a 1937 American mystery film written and directed by Norman Foster. The film stars J. Edward Bromberg, Betty Furness, John Payne, Victor Kilian, Bill Burrud and Gavin Muir. The film was released on March 5, 1937, by 20th Century Fox.

Norman Foster (director)
Norman Foster (born Norman Foster Hoeffer; December 13, 1903 – July 7, 1976) was an American film director, screenwriter and actor. He directed many Charlie Chan and Mr. Moto films as well as projects for Orson Welles and Walt Disney. As an actor he was a leading man in early talkies and also appeared in Welles' final film, The Other Side of the Wind.
Domaine Leflaive
Domaine Leflaive is a winery in Puligny-Montrachet, Côte de Beaune, Burgundy. The domaine is very highly regarded for its white wines, and its vineyard holdings include 5.1 hectares (13 acres) of Grand Cru vineyards.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Sports Plus Network
Sports Plus Network was a service run by SportsChannel in 1988-1993 that filled the airtime when SportsChannel was not on the air.  It was an "automated" service that featured sports news and scores displayed using NAPLPS graphics.

The service appears to have had some similarity to teletext, but the major difference was that it was not interactive, stories stay on screen for a few seconds and it moves to the next screen.

According to the ticker that scrolled at the bottom of the screen, the service was a joint venture by SportsChannel, Tribune Media Services, and the Associated Press.

In early 1991, the graphics used were updated.

Tribune Content Agency
Tribune Content Agency (TCA) is a syndication company owned by Tribune Publishing. TCA had previously been known as the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate (CTNYNS), Tribune Company Syndicate, and Tribune Media Services. TCA is headquartered in Chicago, and had offices in various American cities (Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Queensbury, New York; Arlington, Texas; Santa Monica, California), the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong.
HMS Redpole (U69)
HMS Redpole was a modified Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She was laid down by Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited, Scotstoun on 18 May 1942, launched on 25 February 1943 and commissioned on 24 June 1943, with the pennant number U69.

Yarrow Shipbuilders
Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited (YSL), often styled as simply Yarrows, was a major shipbuilding firm based in the Scotstoun district of Glasgow on the River Clyde. It is now part of BAE Systems Surface Ships, owned by BAE Systems, which has also operated the nearby Govan shipyard (formerly Fairfields) since 1999.