hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Olympiada of Spoken Russian
The Olympiada of Spoken Russian is an annual series of state and regional competitions held for high school students of Russian in the United States, sponsored by the American Council of Teachers of Russian (ACTR). It is the oldest secondary school activity put on by this association, beginning in the 1960s. "Olympiada" means olympiad in Russian.

Homestay
Homestay (also home stay and home-stay) is a form of hospitality and lodging whereby visitors share a residence with a local of the area (host) to which they are traveling. The length of stay can vary from one night to over a year and can be provided for free (gift economy), in exchange for monetary compensation, in exchange for a stay at the guest's property either simultaneously or at another time (home exchange), or in exchange for housekeeping or work on the host's property (barter economy). Homestays are examples of collaborative consumption and the sharing economy. Homestays are used by travelers; students who study abroad or participate in student exchange programs; and au pairs, who provide child care assistance and light household duties. They can be arranged via certain social networking services, online marketplaces, or academic institutions. Social networking services where hosts offer homestays for free are called hospitality exchange services.
Ping Burke
Walter Burke, nicknamed "Ping", is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1930s.

A native of Greensboro, Georgia, Burke played for the Atlanta Black Crackers in 1937. In eight recorded career games on the mound, he posted a 0.95 ERA with 48 strikeouts over 47.1 innings.

Greensboro, Georgia
Greensboro is a city in and the county seat of Greene County, Georgia, United States. Its population was 3,648 as of the 2020 census. The city is located approximately halfway between Atlanta and Augusta on Interstate 20.
Jankauskas
Jankauskas is a Lithuanian surname. Polish counterpart: Jankowski, Russian: Yankovsky. Notable people with the surname include:

Algis Jankauskas (born 1982), Lithuanian footballer

Edgaras Jankauskas (born 1975),  Lithuanian footballer and manager

Eligijus Jankauskas (born 1998), Lithuanian footballer

Inga Jankauskaitė, Lithuanian actress, singer, and piano player

Milda Jankauskaitė,  Lithuanian racing cyclist

Vladas Jankauskas (cyclist) (1903–69), Lithuanian cyclist

Vladas Jankauskas (painter) (1923–83), Lithuanian painter

Vladas Jankauskas (cyclist)
Vladas Jankauskas (Lithuanian: Władysław Jankowski; 10 May 1903 – March 1969) was a Lithuanian cyclist of Polish ethnicity, member of the Polish Sports Club Sparta Kaunas. He competed in the individual road race at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
London Lite
London Lite was the trading name of a British free daily newspaper, published by Associated Newspapers (part of Daily Mail and General Trust), and now defunct. It was available Monday to Friday afternoons and evenings from street distributors in Central London only. On 27 October 2009, Associated Newspapers announced that it had entered into negotiation with staff over the future of the paper. The last edition was published on Friday, 13 November 2009, a date chosen by staff for its swan song.

Swan song
The swan song (Ancient Greek: κύκνειον ᾆσμα kýkneion ásma; Latin: carmen cygni) is a metaphorical phrase for a final gesture, effort, or performance given just before death or retirement. The phrase refers to an ancient belief that swans sing a beautiful song just before their death while they have been silent (or alternatively not so musical) for most of their lifetime.

The belief, whose basis has been long debated, had become proverbial in ancient Greece by the 3rd century BCE and was reiterated many times in later Western poetry and art. In reality, swans learn a variety of sounds throughout their lifetime; their sounds are more distinguishable during courting rituals and not correlated with death.
Ushtagan
43°49′30″N 52°43′25″E﻿ / ﻿43.82500°N 52.72361°E﻿ / 43.82500; 52.72361

Ushtagan (Kazakh: Үштаған, Üştağan, ۋشتاگان), also known as Üshtaghan, is a town in Mangystau Region, southwest Kazakhstan. It lies at an altitude of 171 m (561 ft).

Mangystau Region
Mangystau (Kazakh: Маңғыстау, romanized: Mañğystau), formerly known as Mangyshlak (Russian: Мангышлак) from 1973 until 1988, is a region of Kazakhstan. Its capital is Aqtau (a seaport), which has a population of 183,350 (2017); the entire Mangystau Province has a population of 745,909 (2022).
Digul
The Digul River (Dutch: Digoel) is a major river in South Papua province, Indonesia, on the island of New Guinea. It is the fourth longest river in New Guinea after Sepik, Mamberamo, and Fly. With a total length of 853 km (530 mi) and a drainage basin of 47,000 km2 (18,000 sq mi).

Fly River
The Fly River is the third longest river on the island of New Guinea, after the Sepik and Mamberamo, with a total length of 1,060 km (660 mi). It is the largest by volume of discharge in Oceania, the largest in the world without a single dam in its catchment, and overall the 23rd-largest primary river in the world by discharge volume. It is located in the southwest of  Papua New Guinea and in the South Papua province of Indonesia. It rises in the Victor Emanuel Range arm of the Star Mountains, and crosses the south-western lowlands before flowing into the Gulf of Papua in a large delta. The Fly–Strickland River system has a total length of 1,224 km (761 mi),  making it the longest river system of an island in the world. The 824 km (512 mi) Strickland is the longest and largest tributary of Fly River, making it the farthest distance source of the Fly River.
Porte du Ried
Porte du Ried (French pronunciation: [pɔʁt dy ʁid] ⓘ, literally Gate of the Ried) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of northeastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Holtzwihr and Riedwihr.

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.
Scalby, East Riding of Yorkshire
Scalby is a hamlet in the civil parish of Gilberdyke, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) west of Brough and 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Goole. It lies on the B1230 road.

Historically in the wapentake of Howdenshire, it is now represented at Parliament as part of the Goole and Pocklington constituency.

The name is from the same form as Scalby in North Yorkshire; Skalle-by, with Skalle being a personal name. Skalle is Old Norse and by means farm or farmstead.

Scalby was formerly a township in the parish of Blacktoft, in 1866 Scalby became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Blacktoft, part also went to form Gilberdyke and Newport. In 1931 the parish had a population of 160.

Howdenshire
Howdenshire was a wapentake and a liberty of England, lying around the town of Howden in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

In the Anglo-Saxon period, the district was under the control of Peterborough's monastery, but it was confiscated by Edward the Confessor, and then given to the Bishop of Durham by William I of England.  It came to operate as an exclave of County Durham, much like Allertonshire, but under the dean of Durham rather than the bishop.  This peculiarity was abolished in 1846, but the district is still in use for certain administrative purposes.
Operation Hawk
Operation Hawk (Turkish: Atmaca Harekâtı) was a military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces against Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) positions in Diyarbakır and Bingöl in April 1996.

The operation started on the night of 5 April 1996 in mountainous areas between Lice, Hani, Kulp and Genç. As a result, 241 PKK members and 40 Turkish troops died; and 6 PKK members were captured alive. Troops from 7th Corps in Diyarbakır and 8th Corps in Elazığ, Turkish Air Force and units from Gendarmerie General Command and Police Special Operation Department were involved in the operation.

Elazığ
Elazığ (Turkish pronunciation: [eˈlazɯː]) is a city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, and the administrative centre of Elazığ Province and Elazığ District. Founded in and around the former city of Harput, it is located in the uppermost Euphrates valley. The plain on which the city extends has an altitude of 1,067 metres (3,501 ft). Elazığ resembles an inland peninsula surrounded by the natural Lake Hazar and reservoirs of Keban Dam, Karakaya Dam, Kıralkızı and Özlüce. Its population is 387,072 (2022).
Jhalawad (region)
Jhalawad, also spelled as Zalawad, is a historical region located in the middle of the Indian state of Gujarat and one of the 4 prants of Saurashtra. It includes the present-day districts of Surendranagar, Morbi and parts of Botad, Rajkot and Ahmedabad. It is named after the Jhala clan of Rajputs who ruled over this region for more than 1000 years.

Morbi district
Morbi district is in the state of Gujarat, India. It was formed on 15 August 2013, along with several other districts, on the 67th Independence Day of India. Morbi city is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has five talukas - Morbi, Maliya, Tankara, Wankaner (previously in Rajkot district) and Halvad (previously in Surendranagar district). Morbi city is the administrative headquarters of Morbi district. The town of Morbi is situated on the Machchhu River, 35 km from the sea and 60 km from Rajkot. As per 2011 census data, the city had a  population  of 2,10,451 and average literacy rate of 83.64%.

This district is surrounded by Kutch district to the north, Surendranagar district to the east, Rajkot district to the south and Jamnagar district to the west.
Grammar of the Gothic Language
Grammar of the Gothic Language is a book by Joseph Wright describing the extinct Gothic language, first published in 1910. It includes the language's development from Proto-Indo-European (then known as Indo-Germanic) and Proto-Germanic (Primitive Germanic), and part of Ulfilas's bible translation. It superseded Wright's earlier A Primer of the Gothic Language, and has been reprinted many times throughout the 20th century.

Ulfilas
Ulfilas (Ancient Greek: Οὐλφίλας; c. 311 – 383), known also as Wulfila(s) or Urphilas, was a 4th-century Gothic preacher of Cappadocian Greek descent. He was the apostle to the Gothic people.

Ulfila served as a bishop and missionary, participated in the Arian controversy, and is credited with converting the Goths to Christianity as well as overseeing translation of the Bible into the Gothic language. For the purpose of the translation he developed the Gothic alphabet, largely based on the Greek alphabet, as well as Latin and Runic characters. Although the translation of the text into Gothic has traditionally been ascribed to Ulfila, analysis of the text of the Gothic Bible indicates the involvement of a team of translators, possibly under his supervision.
Rigidity theory (physics)
In physics, rigidity theory, or topological constraint theory, is a tool for predicting properties of complex networks (such as glasses) based on their composition. It was introduced by James Charles Phillips and refined by Michael Thorpe.

This theory reduces complex molecular networks to nodes (atoms, molecules, proteins, etc.) constrained by rods (chemical constraints), thus filtering out microscopic details that ultimately don't affect macroscopic properties.

Rigidity theory applied to the molecular networks arising from phenotypical expression of certain diseases may provide insights regarding their structure and function.

Complex network
In the context of network theory, a complex network is a graph (network) with non-trivial topological features—features that do not occur in simple networks such as lattices or random graphs but often occur in networks representing real systems. The study of complex networks is a young and active area of scientific research (since 2000) inspired largely by empirical findings of real-world networks such as computer networks, biological networks, technological networks, brain networks, climate networks and social networks.
Ardozyga lithina
Ardozyga lithina is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1899. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.

The wingspan is about 12 mm (0.47 in). The forewings are whitish, densely irrorated (speckled) with dark fuscous. The stigmata are large, dark fuscous, partially edged with white, the plical rather obliquely beyond the first discal, a similar spot between the first and second discal. There is a row of undefined white spots along the posterior half of the costa and termen. The hindwings are light grey, darker posteriorly.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Dodonaea lobulata.

Oswald Bertram Lower
Oswald Bertram Lower (28 February 1864 in Norwood, South Australia – 18 March 1925 in Wayville, South Australia) was an Australian chemist and pharmacist who is best known for his contributions to entomology, in particular butterflies and moths. His collection is now at the South Australian Museum.

In 1909 he married Eva Linda May (Davies) Lower. The couple had two sons: Oswald Bertram and Raymond Brackleigh.
León de Greiff
Francisco de Asís León Bogislao de Greiff Haeusler (July 22, 1895 – July 11, 1976), was a Colombian poet known for his stylistic innovations and deliberately eclectic use of obscure lexicon. Best known simply as León de Greiff, he often used different pen names. The most popular were Leo le Gris and Gaspar Von Der Nacht. De Greiff was one of the founders of Los Panidas, a literary and artistic group established in 1915 in the city of Medellín.

Lexicon
A lexicon (pl. lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).  In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word lexicon derives from Greek word λεξικόν (lexikon), neuter of λεξικός (lexikos) meaning 'of or for words'.

Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrasemes are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included.
Gillian McCutcheon
Gillian McCutcheon (born April 1939) is a British-based actress who has appeared in many programmes over the years. She has played three parts in the ITV Television drama The Bill. 
Her first role was The Avengers, in 1961. She also played the unseen therapist in the 1990s series This Life. Other credits include The Brothers, Dixon of Dock Green, Blake's 7, Thriller, A Horseman Riding By, Emmerdale, London's Burning and Holby City.

She is a senior member of London Arts Discovery.

London's Burning (TV series)
London's Burning is a British television drama programme, produced by London Weekend Television for the ITV network. It was based on the 1986 TV movie of the same name, and focused on the lives of members of the London Fire Brigade, principally those of the Blue Watch, at the fictional Blackwall fire station. It began with the movie (pilot), broadcast on 7 December 1986. This was then followed by a total of 14 series, which ran from 20 February 1988 to 25 August 2002.

By 2002, it was one of ITV's longest running TV programmes, after Coronation Street, Emmerdale and The Bill.
Lewis v R
Lewis v R, [1979] 2 S.C.R. 821 is a famous decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the relevance of motive in a criminal trial. The Court held that motive is never an essential element of a criminal offence but can be used as evidence to prove intent.

Motive (law)
A motive is the cause that moves people to induce a certain action. In criminal law, motive in itself is not an element of any given crime; however, the legal system typically allows motive to be proven to make plausible the accused's reasons for committing a crime, at least when those motives may be obscure or hard to identify with. However, a motive is not required to reach a verdict. Motives are also used in other aspects of a specific case, for instance, when police are initially investigating.

The law technically distinguishes between motive and intent. "Intent" in criminal law is synonymous with mens rea ('guilty mind'), which means the mental state shows liability which is enforced by law as an element of a crime. "Motive" describes instead the reasons in the accused's background and station in life that are supposed to have induced the crime. Motives are often broken down into three categories: biological, social and personal.
Bing 'n' Basie
Bing 'n' Basie is a 1972 vinyl album recorded for Daybreak Records by Bing Crosby, accompanied by Count Basie and his Orchestra. The orchestral tracks were laid down over three days at the end of February and the beginning of March, 1972 at Amigo Studios, North Hollywood. Crosby added his voice to the pre-recorded orchestral tracks during three sessions on March 14, 15, and 16, 1972 at Coast Recorders Studio, Bush Street, San Francisco. Bing Crosby also added his voice to "If I Had a Hammer" and while this has appeared on pirate issues it has never been commercially released.

If I Had a Hammer
"If I Had a Hammer (The Hammer Song)" is a protest song written by Pete Seeger and Lee Hays.  It was written in 1949 in support of the Progressive movement, and was first recorded by the Weavers, a folk music quartet composed of Seeger, Hays, Ronnie Gilbert, and Fred Hellerman. It was a No. 10 hit for Peter, Paul and Mary in 1962 and then went to No. 3 a year later when recorded by Trini Lopez in 1963. In a May 1963 interview on Folk Music Worldwide, Paul Stookey of Peter, Paul and Mary characterized the song as "a young national anthem for the United States".

The Weavers released the song under the title "The Hammer Song" as a 78 rpm single in March 1950 on Hootenanny Records, 101-A, backed with "Banks of Marble".
All I Ask of You (album)
All I Ask of You is the first greatest hits album by Australian singer Marina Prior. The album was released on 17 April 2006. Prior is considered to be the leading lady of Australian theatre and has received numerous awards, including Green Room Awards, Mo Awards and in 1993, she received the Advance Australia Award for her contribution to the performing arts.

The album features tracks from her three studio albums; Leading Lady, Aspects of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Somewhere – The Songs of Sondheim and Bernstein.

The album was released a month prior to Prior commencing her role as a judge on the Australian television series It Takes Two. It also follow's the announcement of Australia’s 100 Entertainers of the Century which took place in April, in which Prior was included.

Marina Prior
Marina Prior AM (born 18 October 1963) is an Australian soprano and actress with a career mainly in musical theatre. From 1990 to 1993, she starred as the original Christine Daaé in the Australian premiere of The Phantom of the Opera, opposite Anthony Warlow and later Rob Guest.
Mansory
Mansory is a luxury car modification firm based in Brand, Bavaria, Germany. That also operates in UAE, and specifically in Dubai Besides luxury cars, they also work on supercars, luxury SUVs and custom bikes. Mansory works on vehicles from a number of manufacturers, including Aston Martin, Audi, Bentley, BMW, Bugatti, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Lotus Cars, Maserati, Mercedes-Benz, Rolls-Royce, and Tesla.

Bugatti Automobiles
Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. (French pronunciation: [bygati]) is a French luxury sports car manufacturer. The company was founded in 1998 as a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group and is based in Molsheim, Alsace, France. The company makes a variety of two-seater and track-only cars.

The original Bugatti automobile brand was established by Ettore Bugatti (1881–1947) in 1909 at Molsheim and built sports, racing and luxury cars.

In November 2021, the company became part of Bugatti Rimac, a joint venture between Rimac Group and Porsche AG. Since 1 November 2021, the company has been led by Mate Rimac as chief executive officer of Bugatti Rimac.
Nowy Jawor
Nowy Jawor [ˈnɔvɨ ˈjavɔr] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawłów, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south of Pawłów, 12 km (7 mi) south of Starachowice, and 35 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Starachowice
Starachowice [staraxɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ is a city in southeastern Poland (historic Lesser Poland), with 49,513 inhabitants (31.12.2017). It is the capital of Starachowice County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It is situated upon the River Kamienna, a tributary of the Vistula River, among hills and forests.
Sun Wei (painter)
Sun Wei (Chinese: 孫位; fl. late 9th century) was a Chinese painter during the late Tang dynasty. He was originally from Kuaiji Commandery. During the upheavals of the 880s, he went from the capital Chang'an to Chengdu, probably with or following Emperor Xizong of Tang.

His painting "Gao Yi Tu" (高逸圖) depicts the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. It is currently preserved in Shanghai Museum, but only four sages can be seen in the extant picture.

Shanghai Museum
The Shanghai Museum is a public municipal museum of ancient Chinese art, situated on the People's Square in the Huangpu District of Shanghai, China. It is funded by the Shanghai Municipal Culture and Tourism Bureau.

Rebuilt at its current location in 1996, it is famous for its large collection of rare cultural pieces.
Rostek (surname)
Rostek is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Rostek (1925–1969), American race car driver

Marzena Rostek (fl. 2010), Polish-American economist

Robert Rostek (born 1968), Polish civil servant and diplomat

Marzena Rostek
Marzena Joanna Rostek is a Polish-American professor of economics who holds the Juli Plant Grainger Distinguished Chair at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her research interests include microeconomics, market design, and finance.