hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joonatan Jürgenson
Joonatan Jürgenson (born 24 October 1991 in Tartu) is an Estonian classical pianist from Tõravere. He made his debut at the age of 12 after receiving the 1st prize at the "Young Musician" competition in Tallinn, 2004.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Vladko Panayotov
Vladko Panayotov (Bulgarian: Владко Тодоров Панайотов; born 7 May 1950 in Pavlikeni) is a scholar and Bulgarian member of the European Parliament who sits on the committee for the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. He is also a substitute for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. He is a member of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms party of Bulgaria and in the European Union he is part of the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

Pavlikeni
Pavlikeni (Bulgarian: Павликени [pɐvliˈkɛni]) is a town in Veliko Tarnovo Province, Northern Bulgaria, about 41 kilometers from the city of Veliko Tarnovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Pavlikeni Municipality. As of December 2024, the town had a population of 8,052.
Julie Christmas
Julie Christmas (born December 25, 1975) is an American musician from Brooklyn, New York. Christmas is her legal middle name; she was named so after the fact that she was born on Christmas day. She is the former lead singer of defunct Brooklyn-based noise rock band Made Out of Babies and the former lead singer of defunct post-metal supergroup Battle of Mice. In 2010, she released a critically acclaimed solo album titled The Bad Wife, and in 2016, she became a featured member on the Swedish post-metal band Cult of Luna's album Mariner.

Trophy (Made Out of Babies album)
Trophy is the debut album by American noise-rock/post-metal band Made Out of Babies. It was released through Neurot Recordings on June 28, 2005. The album was produced, engineered, and mixed by Joel Hamilton at Atomic Recordings in Brooklyn and Leopard Studios in New Paltz with mastering by Doug Henderson.
Tailspot corydoras
The tailspot corydoras  (Hoplisoma caudimaculatum) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae, the corys, of the family Callichthyidae, the armoured catfishes. This species is found in the Guaporé River basin in Bolivia and Brazil.

The tailspot corydoras attains a maximum standard length of 4.2 cm (1.7 in). It lives in a tropical climate in water with a 6.0 – 8.0 pH, a water hardness of 2 – 25 dGH, and a temperature range of 22–26 °C (72–79 °F). Corys are ominivorous and will eat both plant and animal matter. It lays eggs in dense vegetation and adults do not guard the eggs. The female carries the eggs in a pouch formed by the pelvic fins.

The tailspot corydoras is of commercial importance in the aquarium trade industry.

DGH
Degrees of general hardness (dGH or °GH) is a unit of water hardness, specifically of general hardness. General hardness is a measure of the concentration of divalent metal ions such as calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) per volume of water. Specifically, 1 dGH is defined as 10 milligrams (mg) of calcium oxide (CaO) per litre of water. Since CaO has a molar mass of 56.08 g/mol, 1 dGH is equivalent to 0.17832 mmol per litre of elemental calcium and/or magnesium ions.

In water testing hardness is often measured in parts per million (ppm), where one part per million is defined as one milligram of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) per litre of water.  Consequently, 1 dGH corresponds to 10 ppm CaO but 17.848 ppm CaCO3 which has a molar mass of 100.09 g/mol.
Satafi
Satafi (Latin: Satafensis), was a Roman town in the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis, North Africa. It lasted through the Vandal Kingdom and Roman Empire, until at least the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, in late antiquity. An exact location of the town is not known but, it was probably in Algeria.

Like most of Mauretania Caesariensis, Christianity appears to have been not well established until after the Council of Nicaea.  A bishop of  Satafi, Ascendant, took part in the synod assembled in Carthage in 484 by the Vandal King Huneric, after which Ascendant was exiled to Sicily. A Donatist bishop called Saiacensis or Saiensis, has also been attributed to this town but instead he was probably from Saia Maggiore. Today Satafi retains a titular bishopric held by Eduardo Muñoz Ochoa, of Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
Amorphism
An amorphism, in chemistry, crystallography and, by extension, to other areas of the natural sciences is a substance or feature that lacks an ordered form. In the specific case of crystallography, an amorphic material is one that lacks long range (significant) crystalline order at the molecular level. In the history of chemistry, amorphism was recognised even before the discovery of the nature of the exact atomic crystalline lattice structure. The concept of amorphism can also be found in the fields of art, biology, archaeology and philosophy as a characterisation of objects without form, or with random or unstructured form.

History of chemistry
The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include the discovery of fire, extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass,
and making alloys like bronze.

The protoscience of chemistry, and alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs.
Afghanistan Ring Road
National Highway 01 or NH01, formally called the Ring Road (Pashto: د افغانستان حلقوي سړک; Dari: شاهراه حلقوی افغانستان), is a 2,200 km (1,400 mi) two-lane and in some areas a four-lane road network circulating inside Afghanistan, connecting the following cities (clockwise): Kabul, Maidan Shar, Ghazni, Qalat, Kandahar, Delaram, Herat, Qala e Naw, Maymana, Andkhoy, Sheberghan, Mazar-i-Sharif, Puli Khumri, Charikar, and back to Kabul. It has extensions that connect Jalalabad, Bamyan, Khost, Spin Boldak, Lashkargah, Zaranj (Route 606), Farah, Islam Qala, Torghundi, Ymamnazar, Hairatan, Kunduz, and Fayzabad. The Ring Road is part of AH1, the longest route of the Asian Highway Network. National Highway 01 consists of four major sections, NH0101 to NH0104, linking the major economic centers.

Ymamnazar
Ymamnazar (also Ymam Nazar, Imamnazar) is a remote settlement in Turkmenistan's Lebap province. It is situated immediately adjacent to Turkmenistan's southern border with Afghanistan, opposite to Aqina. The nearest city in Turkmenistan is Kerki.

In 2007, an international border crossing point was opened in Ymamnazar, making it one of two international border crossings on the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan border, the other being Serhetabat-Torghundi. The border crossing is officially called "Saparmurat", after Saparmurat "Turkmenbashy" Niyazov, the first president of Turkmenistan.

There are basic transshipment facilities here, including a small oil terminal for shipping Turkmen hydrocarbons onward into Afghanistan.
Skymark Airlines
Skymark Airlines is a Japanese airline headquartered at Haneda Airport in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan. It operates scheduled services with a main base at Haneda Airport with another base at Kobe Airport where it is the dominant carrier. It also operates a base at Naha Airport. It is the only Japanese airline offering regular scheduled services at Ibaraki Airport north of Tokyo.

Skymark was the first low-cost airline established in Japan. Internet entrepreneur Shinichi Nishikubo controlled the company from 2003 to 2015, when the carrier filed for bankruptcy protection after attempting a fleet and service expansion.

In August 2015, Skymark creditors agreed to restructure the airline under the control of Japanese private equity fund Integral Corporation (50.1%), with minority investments from All Nippon Airways (16.5%), Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation and the Development Bank of Japan (33.4%).

Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, operating nine hubs, with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being its largest in terms of total passengers and number of departures. With its regional subsidiaries and contractors operating under the brand name Delta Connection, Delta has over 5,400 flights daily and serves 325 destinations in 52 countries on six continents.

Delta is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. It is the second-oldest operating commercial airline in the U.S. It ranks first in revenue and brand value among the world's largest airlines, and second by number of passengers carried and passenger miles flown.
Hunteria umbellata
Hunteria umbellata grows as either a shrub or small tree up to 22 metres (72 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 40 centimetres (16 in). Its flowers feature a white, creamy or pale yellow corolla. The fruit is yellow and smooth. Its habitat is forests from sea level to 600 metres (2,000 ft) altitude. Its numerous local medicinal uses include for fever, leprosy sores, stomach and liver problems and as an anthelmintic, especially against internal worms. Hunteria umbellata has been used as arrow poison. The plant's hard wood is used in carving and to make small tools. The species is native to an area of tropical Africa from Guinea-Bissau in the west to Angola in the south.

Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics, anthelminthics, antihelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals, particularly small ruminants such as goats and sheep.

Anthelmintic medication is also used in mass deworming campaigns of school-aged children in many developing countries. Anthelmintics are also used for mass deworming of livestock. The drugs of choice for soil-transmitted helminths are mebendazole and albendazole; for schistosomiasis and tapeworms it is praziquantel.
Doorman (character)
DeMarr Davis is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer and artist John Byrne, the character first appeared in West Coast Avengers #46 (July 1989). Davis belongs to the subspecies of humans called mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. He is known under the codename Doorman. Following his death, he was resurrected by the entity Oblivion to serve as an Angel of Death, granting him new abilities. In addition to his portal-based powers, he gained flight, teleportation, and the ability to create objects using Darkforce energy. The character has also been a member of the Great Lakes Avengers at various points in his history.

DeMarr Davis made his live-action debut in the Disney+ original series Wonder Man (2026), set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and was portrayed by Byron Bowers.

First appearance
In comic books and other stories with a long history, first appearance refers to the first issue to feature a fictional character. These issues are often highly valued by collectors due to their rarity and iconic status.
1970–71 Bundesliga
The 1970–71 Bundesliga was the eighth season of the Bundesliga, West Germany's premier football league. It began on 15 August 1970 and ended on 5 June 1971. Borussia Mönchengladbach were the defending champions.

Hertha BSC
Hertha, Berliner Sport-Club e. V., commonly known as Hertha BSC (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁtaː beː ʔɛs t͡seː]) or Hertha Berlin, is a German professional football club based in Berlin. Hertha BSC plays in the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of German football, following relegation from the Bundesliga in 2022–23. Hertha BSC was founded in 1892, and was a founding member of the German Football Association in Leipzig in 1900.

The team won the German championship in 1930 and 1931. Since 1963, Hertha's stadium has been the Olympiastadion. The club is known as Die Alte Dame in German, which translates to "The Old Lady". In 2002, the sports activities of the professional, amateur, and under-19 teams were separated into Hertha BSC GmbH & Co. KGaA.
2012 Open d'Orléans – Doubles
Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Renavand are the defending champions, but lost in the first round this year.
Lukáš Dlouhý and Gilles Müller won the title, defeating Xavier Malisse and Ken Skupski 6–2, 6–7(5–7), [10–7] in the final.

Xavier Malisse
Xavier Malisse (born 19 July 1980) is a Belgian tennis coach and a former professional player. Born in the north-western Flemish city of Kortrijk and nicknamed X-Man, he is one of only two Belgian men (the other being David Goffin) to have been ranked in the top 20 of the ATP Tour, with a career-high singles ranking of world No. 19.
Absinthiana
Absinthiana is the paraphernalia surrounding the consumption of absinthe. Due to the bitter taste and high alcohol content of this drink (45–72% ABV), a need for dilution with water had led drinkers to a drinking ritual. Originally, absinthe was served in standard stemmed wine or water glasses and water was added from a simple carafe. But as its popularity grew so did the variety of implements used, such as specialty glasses and complex brouilleurs. Many 19th century companies used the elaborate barware to advertise their brands. Today, many contemporary distilleries are also producing decorative branded barware for the same purpose.

Paraphernalia
Paraphernalia refers to a collection of items or equipment associated with a particular activity, hobby, or lifestyle. The term is often used to describe the tools, accessories, or objects that are used in various fields, such as sports, arts and crafts, or specialized professions.
West Campus Cogeneration Facility
West Campus Cogeneration Facility is a natural gas fired, electrical power station located in Madison, Wisconsin in Dane County. The facility is owned jointly by Madison Gas and Electric and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, with Madison Gas and Electric operating and maintaining the facility. It provides electricity to Madison Gas and Electric, and steam heat and chilled-water air-conditioning to the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus.

Madison Gas and Electric
Madison Gas and Electric Company (MGE) is the primary subsidiary of MGE Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: MGEE). As a regulated utility, it primarily serves the Madison, Wisconsin metropolitan area with electricity, gas and green energy options.
Susan G. Bond
Susan Bond (born 1942), was a scientific officer and computer programmer for the Mathematics Division of the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) in the United Kingdom. She worked extensively on the programming language ALGOL 68 and the Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer (RREAC), an early solid-state electronics, ICL 1907F computer.

Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).  The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD), a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on rotating disks.
Pampacolca District
Pampacolca or Pampaqullqa (Quechua pampa large plain, qullqa deposit) is one of fourteen districts of the province Castilla in Peru.

The District of Pampacolca is chiefly an agricultural center located in the highlands of the Arequipa Department in Southern Peru.
Pampacolca in the Inca times was an important place of the Kuntisuyu, one of the four provinces of the Inca empire. The Incas used and improved the oracle of Mawk'allaqta located in the slopes of the Coropuna volcano. Such oracle has five important elements: Ushno, Mausoleum, Main Plaza, Pyramid and Callancas. In this Inca oracle they offered humans and animals to the sacred Coropuna mountain.

Pampacolca also is the birthplace of Juan Pablo Vizcardo y Guzmán, a Spaniard born in America who was expelled from his own country and forced to live in exile. From there he wrote the famous "Letter to the American Spaniards" enticing them to gain liberty from Spain.

Districts of Peru
The districts of Peru (Spanish: distritos) are the third-level country subdivisions of Peru. They are subdivisions of the provinces, which in turn are subdivisions of the larger regions or departments. There are 1,838 districts in total.
David Clarke (Australian cricketer)
David Clarke (born 25 January 1970) is an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class matches for South Australia between 1988 and 1990.

Clarke made a "sound" first-class debut against Western Australia as a teenager in 1988. Described as a "clever medium-pace bowler", he was named in the AIS team for matches against the Australian Capital Territory in 1989. At the time, he had been the top wicket-taker in South Australian club cricket for the last two seasons.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.
So Long, See You Tomorrow (novel)
So Long, See You Tomorrow is a novel by American author William Maxwell. It was first published in The New Yorker magazine in October 1979 in two parts. It was published as a book the following year by Alfred A. Knopf.

It was awarded the William Dean Howells Medal, and its first paperback edition won a 1982 National Book Award. It was a finalist for the 1981 Pulitzer Prize. Michael Ondaatje described it as "one of the great books of our age". In 2016, it was included in a Parade Magazine list of the "75 Best Books of the Past 75 Years".

The novel is based on fact and has been described as an "autobiographical metafiction".

William Dean Howells Medal
The William Dean Howells Medal is awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Letters.  Established in 1925 and named for William Dean Howells, it is given once every five years, generally in recognition of the most distinguished American novel published during that period, although some awards have been made to novelists for their general body of work.  The recipient of the award is chosen, by a committee drawn from the membership of the Academy, from among those candidates nominated by a member of the Academy.
Andrzej Potocki (1618–1663)
Andrzej Potocki (1618–1663) was a Polish noble.

He was Obozny of the Crown since 1665, voivode of Bracław Voivodeship since 1662 and starost of Winnica.

Andrzej Potocki married his cousin Wiktoria Elżbieta Potocka.

Starosta
Starosta /ˈstɑːrɒstə/ or starost (Cyrillic: старост/а, Latin: capitaneus, German: Starost, Hauptmann) is a community elder in some Slavic lands.

The Slavic root of "starost" translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages, it has designated an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In reference to a municipality, a starosta was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to a county sheriff or seneschal, and analogous to a gubernator. In Poland, a starosta administered a crown land district called starostwo.

In the early Middle Ages, a starosta could head a settled urban or rural community or other community, as in the case of a church starosta or an artel starosta. A starosta also functioned as a master of ceremonies.
Treaties of Nijmegen Medal
The Treaties of Nijmegen Medal (Dutch: Vrede van Nijmegen Penning) is a biannual prize that is awarded to "key international figures committed to European development".

The Treaties of Nijmegen Medal is an initiative by the municipality of Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen and NXP Semiconductors N.V., and is supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Ministry of foreign affairs
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as a secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president).