hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ben Biddle
Benedict Benjamin Biddle NZC (24 October 1843 – 10 March 1933) was a constable in the Armed Constablulary during the New Zealand Wars. He was awarded the New Zealand Cross for his acts of bravery at Ngātapa Pā, Gisborne, in January 1869. Biddle was among the first to receive the award and was the last of its 23 recipients to die.

Bay of Plenty
The Bay of Plenty (Māori: Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi) is a large bight along the northern coast of New Zealand's North Island. It stretches 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east. Called Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi (the Ocean of Toitehuatahi) in the Māori language after Toi-te-huatahi, an early ancestor, the name 'Bay of Plenty' was bestowed by James Cook in 1769 when he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there, in stark contrast to observations he had made earlier in Poverty Bay.
La virgen negra
La virgen negra (The Black Virgin) is a Venezuelan comedy film mixed with romance and magic realism. It is the first movie of the 25-year-old filmmaker Ignacio Castillo.

The film tells the story of the strange changes in the lives of the inhabitants of a small fishing village (possibly an allusion to Barlovento) in the Venezuelan coast after the appearance of a black virgin.

The film is set in the town of Higuerote in the northern coastal state of Miranda, Venezuela.

Barlovento, Venezuela
Barlovento is a sub-region of Miranda state, Venezuela. During Spanish colonization of the Americas, Barlovento was developed as estate owners founded cacao haciendas. The work on the estates was done by African slaves brought from what is now the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. These people were from the Kingdom of Kongo and Kingdom of Loango. There were also Yoruba slaves.

The culture of African and Spanish inhabitants has merged into the "drum dancing", Barlovento's typical Afro-Venezuelan celebration. This occurs particularly at the time of the feast of San Juan. Other events include the Entierro de la Sardina (Burial of the Sardine) and Day of the Dead. A syncretism has occurred where Catholic saints represent traditional African deities.
2009 Rugby League Four Nations
The 2009 Rugby League Four Nations tournament (officially known as the Gillette Four Nations for sponsorship reasons) was the first Rugby League Four Nations since its expansion from the Tri-Nations tournament. Played in England and France over three weeks from Friday, 23 October until Saturday, 14 November, France and England competed for the first time, with Great Britain's permanent split into the home nations' national teams following the 2007 New Zealand All Golds Tour. The tournament culminated in a final between world number 1 side Australia and hosts England. After 60 minutes of highly competitive football, Australia ran away with the match, scoring a barrage of late tries to win 46–16.

The 2009 series was the first of three Four Nations series planned before the 2013 Rugby League World Cup, with the venues rotating between Europe and the South Pacific. The RLIF also stated that the next Four Nations would be held in 2010.

2007 All Golds Tour
The 2007 All Golds Tour was a tour by the New Zealand national rugby league team, the Kiwis, of Great Britain and France. The Kiwis played five test matches, winning one against France, but losing the game against Australia and the series against Great Britain 3–0, failing to win the Baskerville Shield.

The 2007 All Golds tour marked the centenary of the inaugural rugby league tour – the 1907-1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain. New Zealand, then nicknamed "The All Golds" reverted back to this name for the tour in celebration of the anniversary. A special game for retired players, labeled the "All Golds vs Northern Union game" was also played.

The tour involved a reception with Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace for the squad.
2024–2025 anti-tourism protests in Spain
Beginning in April 2024, there have been protests in Spain against overtourism, specifically in the archipelagos of the Balearics and Canaries, and in the mainland cities of Barcelona, San Sebastián and Málaga. These first three locations are the top three most-visited in Spain by tourists. Following the COVID-19 pandemic limiting tourists' opportunities to travel, the numbers of visitors to Spanish destinations has significantly increased year-on-year. Local governments and residents believe that, rather than sustaining the locations, the overtourism has contributed to a reduced quality of life and increased cost of living for residents.

The BBC reported that while overtourism has concerned residents of the most-visited locations for a while, "[in 2024] it feels like something has changed. The anger among many locals is reaching a new level".

Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983–1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. With a population of 438,234 as of 2024, it is the 8th-largest city in Spain.

The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is part of the municipality.
Rudny, Russia
Rudny (Russian: Ру́дный; masculine), Rudnaya (Ру́дная; feminine), or Rudnoye (Ру́дное; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Rudny, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Tugaysky Selsoviet of Blagoveshchensky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Rudny, Belgorod Oblast, a settlement in Novooskolsky District of Belgorod Oblast

Rudny, Primorsky Krai, a settlement in Kavalerovsky District of Primorsky Krai

Rudny, Tula Oblast, a settlement in Kaznacheyevskaya Rural Administration of Shchyokinsky District of Tula Oblast

Rudnoye, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, a selo in Obluchensky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Rudnoye, Orenburg Oblast, a selo in Ivanovsky Selsoviet of Tyulgansky District of Orenburg Oblast

Rudnoye, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a selo in Irbitsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Kavalerovsky District
Kavalerovsky District (Russian: Кавале́ровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the central western portion of the krai and borders with the territory of Dalnegorsk Town Under Krai Jurisdiction in the north and northeast, the Sea of Japan in the east, Olginsky District in the south, and with Chuguyevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 4,215.2 square kilometers (1,627.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Kavalerovo. Population:  25,833 (2010 Census); 29,488 (2002 Census); 36,085 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kavalerovo accounts for 59.5% of the district's total population.
Corpus allatum
In insect physiology and anatomy, the corpus allatum (plural: corpora allata) is an endocrine gland that generates juvenile hormone; as such, it plays a crucial role in metamorphosis. Surgical removal of the corpora allata (an allatectomy) can cause an immature larva to pupate at its next molt, resulting in a miniature adult. Similarly, transplantation of corpora allata from a young larva to a fully mature larva can greatly extend the larval stage, resulting in an equivalent to gigantism.

In many Diptera species, the corpus allatum is fused with the corpus cardiacum, forming a "ring gland", also known as Weismann's ring.

In Lepidoptera species, the corpus allatum acts as a release site for prothoracicotropic hormone which is generated by the brain.

Endocrine gland
The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body. Along with the nervous system, it makes the neuroendocrine system, which controls and regulates many of the body's functions. Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testicles, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are neuroendocrine organs.
Siyara
Siyara (Somali: Siyaara) was a historic coastal settlement and fort located in the Sahil region of Somaliland. It served as the first capital of the Adal Sultanate following the Muslim resurgence spearheaded by Sabr ad-Din II.

Habr Awal
The Habr Awal, alternately known as the Zubeyr Awal (Somali: Habar Awal) is one of the largest sub-clans of the wider Isaaq clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Issa Musa and Sa'ad Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habar Magadle confederation.

The Habr Awal traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchants and farmers. They are historically viewed as an affluent clan in the horn Africa that played a huge part for Somaliland's independence. The Habar Awal are politically and economically influential in present-day Somaliland as well as the Horn of Africa at large, and they reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands.
Żelazo, Łódź Voivodeship
Żelazo [ʐɛˈlazɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Galewice, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Galewice, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Wieruszów, and 90 km (56 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieruszów
Wieruszów ([vjɛˈruʂuf]) is a town in south-central Poland with 8,446 inhabitants (2020). Situated in the southwestern part of Łódź Voivodeship, it is the seat of the Gmina Wieruszów and Wieruszów County. Wieruszów is located in the historical Wieluń Land. The town is situated along the Prosna river.
Gareth Thomas (actor)
Gareth Daniel Noake Thomas (12 February 1945 – 13 April 2016) was a Welsh actor. He rose to national prominence playing the role of Roj Blake in the BBC science fiction television series Blake's 7 (1978–1981).

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Laurence Guillemard
Sir Laurence Nunns Guillemard GCMG KCB (7 June 1862 – 13 December 1951) was a British civil servant who served as the British Governor of the Straits Settlements and high commissioner in Malaya when it was under the British Empire.

High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
Retama monosperma
Retama monosperma, the bridal broom or bridal veil broom, is a flowering bush species in the genus Retama, native to the parts of the Mediterranean Basin (Algeria, Morocco, Portugal and Spain in the west, Egypt, the East Aegean Islands and Greece in the east). It has been introduced elsewhere.

Retama monosperma forms root nodules with Ensifer fredii. The larvae of the moths Phyllonorycter hesperiella and Phyllonorycter spartocytisi feed on R. monosperma.

The seeds contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid. Fifteen other quinolizidine and three dipiperidine alkaloids can also be isolated from different parts of the plant. In particular, the presence of (+)-sparteine, α- and β-isosparteine, (+)-17-oxosparteine, (-)-lupanine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, (-)-anagyrine, (-)-N-methylcytisine and (+)-ammodendrine can be detected.

Ensifer fredii
Ensifer fredii is a nitrogen fixing bacterium. It is a fast-growing root nodule bacterium. Ensifer fredii exhibits a broad host-range and is able to nodulate both determinant hosts, such as soy, as well as indeterminate hosts including the pigeon pea. Because of their ease of host infection there is interest in their genetics and the symbiotic role in host infection and nodule formation.
Anwar Jamal
Anwar Jamal (born 15 August 1961) is an Indian documentary filmmaker, based in New Delhi. He has been awarded the National Film Award on several occasions and had made critically acclaimed feature, short and documentary films a wide array of social, political and cultural themes. He has served as jury in many international film festivals including National Film Award Jury.

He is most noted for his feature film, Swaraaj – The Little Republic (2002), which he also wrote, produced and directed, on the theme of women's empowerment and the politics of water in rural India.

Public Service Broadcasting Trust
The Public Service Broadcasting Trust is an Indian non-governmental organisation. It helps independent documentary film-makers to work free from commercial and political pressures. It hosts the annual Open Frame film festival in New Delhi.
Ralph Mitterling
Ralph "Sarge" Mitterling (April 19, 1890 – January 22, 1956) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. He played Major League Baseball as an outfielder for the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1916 season. He served in the US Army during World War I. Mitterling was the head football coach at Ursinus College from 1919 to 1920, at Susquehanna University in 1923, and at East Stroudsburg State Teachers College—now East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania—from 1926 to 1935, compiling a career college football record of 47–52–7. He was also the head basketball coach at Ursinus from 1919 to 1921, tallying a mark of 17–28, and the head baseball coach at the University of Pittsburgh from 1939 to 1954, amassing a record of 89–106–1. Mitterling died on January 22, 1956, at Veteran's Hospital in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Oakland (Pittsburgh)
Oakland is the academic and healthcare center of Pittsburgh and one of the city's major cultural centers. Home to three universities, museums, hospitals, shopping venues, restaurants, and recreational activities, this section of the city also includes two city-designated historic districts: the mostly residential Schenley Farms Historic District and the predominantly institutional Oakland Civic Center Historic District, as well as the locally-designated Oakland Square Historic District.

In addition, the Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire operates Fire Station No. 14 on McKee Place and Fire Station No. 10 on Allequippa Street.
Bohem
Bohem is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ciril Amorós Bohem (1904–?), Spanish footballer

Endre Bohem (1901–1990), Hungarian-American screenwriter, film producer, and television writer

Leslie Bohem (born 1951), American screenwriter and television writer

Endre Bohem
Endre Bohem (May 1, 1901 – May 5, 1990) was a Hungarian American screenwriter, film producer and television writer.

Bohem is best known for such films and television series as Twenty Bucks, The Boys of Paul Street, Monster from Green Hell and the television series Rawhide. He died on May 5, 1990 (a few days after his 89th birthday).
House of Mecklenburg
The House of Mecklenburg, also known as the Nikloting dynasty, is a North German family of Polabian origin that ruled until 1918 in the Mecklenburg region, being among the longest-ruling families of Europe. Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909–2004), former Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980), was an agnatic member of this house.

Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg
Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg, nicknamed the Lion (after 14 April 1266 – 21 January 1329 in Sternberg) was regent of Mecklenburg from 1287 to 1298, co-regent from 1298 to 1302 and ruled alone again from 1302 to 1329.
The Mighty Casey
"The Mighty Casey" is episode thirty-five of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. Its title is a reference to the baseball poem "Casey at the Bat". It originally aired on June 17, 1960, on CBS. The episode was written by Rod Serling, and directed by Robert Parrish and Alvin Ganzer.

Casey at the Bat
"Casey at the Bat: A Ballad of the Republic, Sung in the Year 1888" is a mock-heroic poem written in 1888 by Ernest Thayer. It was first published in The San Francisco Examiner (then called The Daily Examiner) on June 3, 1888, under the pen name "Phin", based on Thayer's college nickname, "Phinney". Featuring a dramatic narrative about a baseball game, the poem was later popularized by DeWolf Hopper in many vaudeville performances. It has become one of the best-known poems in American literature.
Nun's Farts
Nun's farts (French: pets de sœur) is a French Canadian dessert that is made from pie dough; often from left over Tourtière dough, that is layered with butter and brown sugar, then rolled, sliced, placed in a pan, covered with additional brown sugar, and finally baked. It is called Pets de Soeur as it was served by nuns at Catholic schools in some parts of Quebec and Acadia.

In Quebec and French-speaking Canada, they are often served during the Christmas holidays and may be served as part of Réveillons, a family gathering on Christmas Eve. Variations may replace the brown sugar with molasses, caramel sauce or maple syrup; however, this is not common nor traditional.

Brown sugar
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, or produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar. Brown sugar is 98% carbohydrates (95% as sucrose), containing no dietary fiber or fat, and negligible protein and micronutrient content.
William Cole, 3rd Earl of Enniskillen
William Willoughby Cole, 3rd Earl of Enniskillen, FRS (25 January 1807 – 12 November 1886) styled by the courtesy title Viscount Cole until 1840, was an Irish palaeontologist and Conservative Member of Parliament. He also served as the first Imperial Grand Master of the Orange Order from 1866 until his death. He was Grand Master of the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland from 1846 until his death.

Courtesy title
A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but is rather used by custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title).

In some contexts, courtesy title is used to mean the more general concept of a title or honorific such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, Madam, Sir for those who have not been awarded a knighthood or a baronetcy, as well as Dr. for physicians who have not actually achieved a doctorate.
Bernhard Pörksen
Bernhard Pörksen (born 1969) is a German media scholar and author of books about communication theory, systems thinking, cybernetics and the effects of digitalization. He teaches at the University of Tübingen.

University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen), the Hamburg Colonial Institute (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut), and the Academic College (Akademisches Gymnasium). The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centres distributed around the city-state. Seven Nobel Prize winners and one Wolf Prize winner are affiliated with UHH.
Piper darienense
Piper darienense is a flowering plant in the family Piperaceae. It is called Duermeboca in Panama. In El Chocó, the plant is used as a fish poison. The Guna, an indigenous people of Panama and Colombia, call it Kana, and they use it in a bath, for snakebites and colds.

Guna people
The Guna (also spelled Kuna or Cuna) are an Indigenous people of Panama and Colombia. Guna people live in three politically autonomous comarcas or autonomous reservations in Panama, and in a few small villages in Colombia. There are also communities of Guna people in Panama City, Colón, and other cities. Most Guna live on small islands off the coast of the comarca of Guna Yala known as the San Blas Islands. The other two Guna comarcas in Panama are Guna de Madugandí and Guna de Wargandí. They are Guna-speaking people who once occupied the central region of what is now Panama and the neighboring San Blas Islands and still survive in marginal areas.

In the Guna language, they call themselves Dule or Tule, meaning "people", and the name of the language is Dulegaya, literally "people-mouth". The term was in the language itself spelled Kuna prior to a 2010 orthographic reform, but the Congreso General de la Nación Gunadule since 2010 has promoted the spelling Guna.
Marina Zhirova
Marina Zhirova (Russian: Марина Жирова; born 6 June 1963 Yegoryevsk)  is a Soviet athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres, training at Trudovye Rezervy in Moscow Oblast.

She competed for the USSR in the 1988 Summer Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea in the 4 x 100 metres where she won the bronze medal with her team mates Lyudmila Kondratyeva, Galina Malchugina and Natalya Pomoshchnikova.

Yegoryevsk
Yegoryevsk (Russian: Его́рьевск) is a town and the administrative center of Yegoryevsk Urban Settlement in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Guslitsa River 114 kilometers (71 mi) southeast of Moscow.
Mahabubnagar–Munirabad railway line
The Mahabubnagar-Munirabad section is an under construction railway section project of the Indian Railways. The section falls under the administration of Guntakal of South Central Railway zone and Hubballi Railway Division of South Western Railway Zone. This serves as the shortest route to Hyderabad-Hubballi and Hyderabad-Goa routes.

Hubli
Hubli, officially Hubballi, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. The twin cities Hubli–Dharwad form the second largest municipality and urban agglomeration of Karnataka in terms of area and population and the largest city in North Karnataka. Hubli is in Dharwad district of Karnataka and is the taluk headquarters of Hubli City and Hubli Rural. Although it hosts the Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation, the district headquarters is in Dharwad.

It also houses the largest number of government offices outside the state capital. In 2016, Hubli-Dharwad was selected for solar city / green city master plans. In 2017, government of India included Hubli-Dharwad city for a smart city project, a flagship scheme for overall development of infrastructure in the twin-cities.
William Nelson Little
Rear Admiral William Nelson Little (December 31, 1852 – January 4, 1925) was a United States naval officer who was court martialed in 1915 on charges of negligence during his inspection of the submarine USS K-2. This was one of the few times that a retired military person was court martialed. He was not convicted, but Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels censured him for leaving the Navy no legal recourse against the Electric Boat Company for having supplied defective submarine batteries.

Little was born in Newburgh, New York, on December 31, 1852. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1875 and was promoted to rear admiral in 1913.

After his death, Little was interred at Arlington National Cemetery with his wife Catherine Platt "Kate" (Sewell) Little.

General Dynamics Electric Boat
41°20′40″N 72°04′46″W﻿ / ﻿41.344343°N 72.079526°W﻿ / 41.344343; -72.079526

General Dynamics Electric Boat (GDEB) is a subsidiary of General Dynamics Corporation. It has been the primary builder of submarines for the United States Navy for more than 100 years. The company's main facilities are a shipyard in Groton, Connecticut; a hull-fabrication and outfitting facility in Quonset Point, Rhode Island; and a design and engineering facility in New London, Connecticut.