hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Downey School
Downey School is a historic building located in the unincorporated community of Downey, Iowa, United States. Built in four months in 1905, it was designed by Waterloo, Iowa architect J.G. Ralston and built by Frank Chapman, also of Waterloo. The two-story brick structure features quoins on the corners and Roman arches as its main decorative elements. The building had a cupola, but that was taken down at some point. It is believed that the building originally housed 1st through 12th  grades. After 20 years the high school grades were moved to West Branch, Iowa. The school itself closed in 1955. The Wapsie Valley Grange Society acquired the building and they used it for their meetings into the 1970s.

Tim and Madonna Rex bought the building from the Iowa Grange Society in 2017 and since then have been in the process of converting it into a bed and breakfast inn. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

West Branch, Iowa
West Branch is a city in Cedar and Johnson counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 2,509 as of the 2020 census.  It is the birthplace of the only American president born in Iowa, Herbert Hoover.

The Johnson County portion of West Branch is part of the Iowa City metropolitan area.
Alsup
Alsup is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Alsup (1938–2016), American race car driver

Patricia Alsup (born 1961), American diplomat

Todd Alsup (born 1978), American pianist and singer-songwriter

William Alsup (born 1945), United States federal judge

Todd Alsup
Todd Alsup is an American pianist and singer-songwriter based in New York City. He has been profiled in Billboard and Performing Songwriter and featured on MTV, PBS, and Sirius XM Radio. He has toured throughout the United States and Europe.
Burhan-ud-Din (Indian National Army officer)
Burhan-ud-Din (1914–1996) (Urdu: برھان الدین) of Chitral was a veteran of the Indian National Army. Burhan-ud-Din was the son of Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk, the ruler of Chitral. He was by far the most famous Chitrali as a result of his service in the Indian National Army under Subhas Chandra Bose during World War II.

He later served with the Chitral Scouts alongside the Pakistan Army in Chilas in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948.

Chitral Scouts
The Chitral Scouts (CS) (Urdu: چترال اسکاوٹس), also known as Chitral Levies, originally established in 1903 as the militia of the princely state of Chitral, is now part of the Frontier Corps Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North) of Pakistan.: 116  They are recruited mostly from the Chitral and Kalash Valleys areas along the western borders and are led by officers from the Pakistan Army. The Frontier Corps of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North) falls under the control of the Ministry of the Interior. Its headquarters is at Chitral town, and it is commanded by a Colonel of the Pakistan Army.

The regiment had a 2020/21 budget of Rs. 1.7 billion, and is composed of seven battalion-sized wings, each headed by army officers with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel or Major. Its role is to keep guard over Pakistan's western borders in peacetime and to assist the civil administration in maintaining law and order in the district of Chitral.
Robin Galloway
Robin Galloway (born 18 December 1961) is a Scottish radio and TV broadcaster. He is Group Head Of Radio Presentation for DC Thomson and he was the breakfast presenter on Pure Radio Scotland until the station's closure in 2023.

Clyde 1
Clyde 1 is an Independent Local Radio station based in Glasgow, Scotland, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Glasgow and West Central Scotland.

As of September 2024, the station has a weekly audience of 747,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
Freda Dowie
Freda Mary Dowie (22 July 1928 – 10 August 2019) was an English actress. Her television credits included: Dixon of Dock Green, Doomwatch, Edna, the Inebriate Woman, Upstairs, Downstairs, I, Claudius, The Old Curiosity Shop, The Pickwick Papers, Lillie, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, Our Friends in the North, Common As Muck, Lovejoy, Agatha Christie's Poirot, Crown Court and Heartbeat.

Dowie frequently portrayed long-suffering roles, most notably as the Mother in the 1988 film Distant Voices, Still Lives, for which she was nominated for a European Film Award. Her film career also includes roles in Subterfuge (1968), The Omen (1976), The Monk (1990), Butterfly Kiss (1995), Jude (1996), Cider with Rosie (1998), and Fragile (2005).

Common As Muck
Common As Muck is an English comedy drama serial made by the BBC about the lives of a crew of binmen. It ran for two series between 7 September 1994 and 12 February 1997. Both were nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Drama Series.
Deesbach Forebay
The Deesbach Forebay (German: Vorsperre Deesbach) is a dam in the German state of Thuringia in the Thuringian Highland. It impounds the river Lichte and lies between the municipalities Lichte (Geiersthal) and Unterweissbach. That particular forebay belongs to the Leibis-Lichte Dam (de: Talsperre Leibis-Lichte).

The name, Deesbach Forebay, was derived d from the close proximity to the municipality Deesbach.

Forebay (reservoir)
A forebay is an artificial pool of water in front of a larger body of water. The larger body of water may be natural or human-made.

Forebays have a number of functions. They are used in flood control to act as a buffer during flooding or storm surges, impounding water and releasing in a controlled way into the larger waterbody. They may be used upstream of reservoirs to trap sediment and debris (sometimes called a sediment forebay) in order to keep the reservoir clean. This entails the use of a dam built upstream of the main reservoir, called a forebay dam or pre-dam. Forebays may also be used upstream of lakes to prevent siltation. Some forebays are used simply to create a natural habitat for flora and fauna, to counterbalance the environmental impact of a dam or reservoir. Forebays vary greatly in size depending on their situation and purpose.

A forebay can also be a reservoir from which water is taken to run machinery such as turbines.
Camilla Maria Brekke
Camilla Maria Brekke (born 7 September 2000) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

Brekke hails from Holmestrand Municipality. In 2022 she was named as deputy mayor, replacing the former deputy mayor who experienced health issues.

She was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Vestfold for the term 2021–2025. In May 2023, Vestfold representative Truls Vasvik joined Støre's Cabinet as a State Secretary. Brekke then moved up to serve as a full representative, but this only lasted until October 2023 when Vasvik exited the cabinet. Brekke sat on the Standing Committee on Health and Care Services.

Holmestrand Municipality
Holmestrandⓘ is a municipality in Vestfold, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Jarlsberg. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Holmestrand. Some of the notable villages in Holmestrand include Eidsfoss, Eikeberg, Gullhaug, Hof, Klever, Sande, Selvik, and Sundbyfoss.

The 432-square-kilometre (167 sq mi) municipality is the 228th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Holmestrand is the 45th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 26,872. The municipality's population density is 62.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (161/sq mi) and its population has increased by 19% over the previous 10-year period.
Lincoln Hudson
Lincoln T. Hudson (March 12, 1916  – September 26, 1988) was a U.S. Army Air Force officer, World War II fighter pilot, Prisoner of War in Nazi Germany, and a corporate executive.  During World War II, Hudson served in the all-African-American 332nd Fighter Group's 301st Fighter Squadron, best known as the all-African American combat fighter pilot group, the Tuskegee Airmen, "Red Tails," or among enemy German pilots, “Schwartze Vogelmenschen” ("Black Birdmen").

Hudson served as Senior Vice President of Advertising at Johnson Publishing Company, publishers of the historic African American circulars, Ebony Magazine and Jet Magazine founded by businessman John H. Johnson.

332d Expeditionary Operations Group
The 332d Expeditionary Operations Group is a provisional air expeditionary group of the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command, currently active. It was inactivated on 8 May 2012 and reactivated 16 November 2014.

The group forms part of the lineage of the World War II 332d Fighter Group, known as the Tuskegee Airmen. This title refers to all who trained in the Army Air Forces African-American pilot training program at Moton Field and Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama, between 1941 and 1945. It includes pilots, navigators, bombardiers, maintenance and support staff, instructors, and personnel who kept aircraft flying.
M-96 (Michigan highway)
M-96 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan that runs between Kalamazoo and Marshall. Its termini are both on business routes of Interstate 94 (I-94); the eastern one coincides with an intersection with I-69. Between Kalamazoo and Marshall it passes through Comstock, Galesburg, Augusta, and Battle Creek intersecting I-194/M-66 in Battle Creek and I-94 in Emmett Township.

The highway now known as M-96 was originally part of M-17. Parts of M-17 that were not used for US Highway 12 (US 12) in 1926 were given the M-96 number. Additional segments of trunkline were added to M-96, one of which was an Alternate US 12 in the years afterwards. Later, US 12 was moved after the completion of I-94 in southern Michigan. Additional US 12 segments were added to M-96 at that time. The last major changes to M-96 rerouted the highway through the Battle Creek area in late 1998.

Emmett Charter Township, Michigan
Emmett Charter Township is a charter township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of  Michigan. It is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 11,744 at the 2020 census.
James Davy
James Davy (born May 6, 1953) is the former Commissioner of Human Services in New Jersey, holding the position under former Governors James McGreevey and Jon Corzine. He previously served on McGreevey's staff in the governor's office and while McGreevey was Mayor of Woodbridge Township.

Born May 6, 1953, in Philadelphia, he was raised in Pittsburgh and graduated in 1971 from North Allegheny Senior High School. He earned an undergraduate degree from Thiel College and a master's in public administration from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs.

On September 9, 2005, then Governor of New Jersey Richard Codey named his wife, Lucille Davy, as Acting Commissioner of Education. In doing so, they became the first husband and wife to serve in a state cabinet together in the country. They reside in Pennington, New Jersey.

New Jersey Department of Education
The New Jersey Department of Education (NJ DOE) administers state and federal aid programs affecting more than 1.4 million public and non-public elementary and secondary school children in the state of New Jersey. The department is headquartered in the Judge Robert L. Carter Building in Trenton.
Aleko Mulos
Aleko Mulos (Greek: Αλέκο Μούλο, romanized: Aleko Mulo, also written Moullos), was an Olympian Ottoman gymnast of Greek ancestry.

It is known that he studied at the French-language Galatasaray High School in Istanbul, and performed gymnastics in the Tatavla Heraklis Gymnastics Club, an Ottoma Greek sports club located in the Kurtuluş neighborhood of Istanbul, a place originally called Tatavla by the Greek residents.

Mulos competed in the men's artistic individual all-around event at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Out of 96 competitors, he shared 67th place. During the Olympics, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as Turkey. It was the first recognized appearance of the Ottoman State, though at least two athletes from Smyrna had previously competed for Greece in 1896.

Kurtuluş
Kurtuluş is a neighbourhood of the Şişli district of Istanbul that was originally called Tatavla, meaning 'stables' in Greek (Greek: Ταταύλα). The modern Turkish name means "liberation", "salvation", "independence" or "deliverance". On 13 April 1929, six years after the Republic of Turkey was founded, a fire swept through the neighbourhood and largely destroyed it, with 207 houses going up in flames. The name was changed to Kurtuluş to mark the rebuilding of the area.

Once a predominantly Greek Orthodox and Armenian neighbourhood, its population today mostly consists of Turks who moved there after the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923.  There is still a small population or Greeks, Armenians and Jews, as well as some Kurds who are relatively recent economic migrants.

Kurtuluş is served by the Osmanbey Metro station and innumerable buses from Taksim. It is adjacent to Pangaltı, Feriköy and Dolapdere.
Igor Rodionov
Igor Nikolayevich Rodionov (Russian: Игорь Николаевич Родионов; 1 December 1936 – 19 December 2014) was a Russian general and Duma deputy. He is best known as a hardline politician, and for his service heading the Defence Ministry of the Russian Federation.

Duma
A duma (Russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.

The term boyar duma is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were formed across Russia.

The first formally constituted state duma was the Imperial State Duma introduced to the Russian Empire by Emperor Nicholas II in 1905. The Emperor retained an absolute veto and could dismiss the State Duma at any time for a suitable reason. Nicholas dismissed the First State Duma (1906) within 75 days;   elections for a second Duma took place the following year. The Russian Provisional Government dissolved the last Imperial State Duma (the fourth Duma) in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.

Since 1993, the State Duma (Государственная дума, Gosudarstvennaya Duma) has functioned as the lower legislative house of the Russian Federation.
Judo at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games
The judo events at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games were held at the Olympic Training Centre, located in the Olympic Park in Luque, in the Greater Asuncion area. The events were contested between August 10 and 13, 2025.

Fifteen events were contested, seven for men, seven for women, and one mixed team event. The winner of each event qualified for the 2027 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru.

Parque Olímpico, Paraguay
The Parque Olímpico ('Olympic Park') is a sports complex in Luque, Paraguay, near the country's capital, Asunción. It is owned by the Paraguayan Olympic Committee, and was inaugurated on June 1, 2017. The construction had an investment of more than 59,000 million guaraníes.

It has an Olympic Training Center, a synthetic athletics track, a multipurpose sports center, a tennis complex, volleyball and beach soccer courts, a shooting range, among others.

The park hosted the 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup. In 2022 it was one of the main venues for the 2022 South American Games, and in 2025 it was for the 2025 Junior Pan American Games.
Agustinia
Agustinia (/ɑːɡəˈstɪniə/) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South America. The genus contains a single species, A. ligabuei, known from a single specimen that was recovered from the Lohan Cura Formation of Neuquén Province in Argentina. It lived about 116–108 million years ago, in the Aptian–Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous Period.

Fibula
The fibula (pl.: fibulae or fibulas) or calf bone is a leg bone on the lateral side of the tibia, to which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the knee joint and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia and forms the lateral part of the ankle joint.
SS Arthur M. Anderson
SS Arthur M. Anderson is an American lake freighter. She is famous for being the last ship to be in contact with SS Edmund Fitzgerald before she sank on November 10, 1975. Arthur M. Anderson was also the first rescue ship on the scene in a vain search for Edmund Fitzgerald's survivors. The vessel's namesake, Arthur Marvin Anderson, was director of U.S. Steel, a member of its finance committee and vice chairman of J.P. Morgan & Co. at the time. The ship was launched in 1952 and is currently laid-up in Toledo, Ohio.

J.P. Morgan & Co.
J.P. Morgan & Co. is an American financial institution specialized in investment banking, asset management and private banking founded by financier J. P. Morgan in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, the largest banking institution in the world. The company has been historically referred to as the "House of Morgan" or simply Morgan.

For 146 years, until 2000, J.P. Morgan specialized in commercial banking, before a merger with Chase Manhattan Bank led to the business line spinning off under the Chase brand.
Christ Church, Lothersdale
Christ Church is the parish church of Lothersdale, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.

Lothersdale was historically in the parishes of St Mary's Church, Carleton-in-Craven and St Andrew's Church, Kildwick.  William Cavendish donated an acre of land for the construction of a parish church.  The building was designed by R. D. Chantrell and was completed in 1838.  It could seat 320 worshippers, and in 1851 typically had around 100 adult worshippers each Sunday.  A chancel was added in 1884, and the building was grade II listed in 1988.

The church is built of stone with a slate roof, and consists of a nave, a chancel, and a west tower. The tower has three stages, diagonal buttresses, a south doorway, two-light bell openings, and an embattled parapet with crocketed pinnacles.  Inside, there are some low box pews and an octagonal font.

Pinnacle
A pinnacle is an architectural element originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations. The pinnacle looks like a small spire. It was mainly used in Gothic architecture.

The pinnacle had two purposes:

Ornamental – adding to the loftiness and verticity of the structure. They sometimes ended with statues, such as in Milan Cathedral. Ornamental pinnacles of Milan Cathedral

Structural – the pinnacles were very heavy and often rectified with lead, in order to enable the flying buttresses to contain the stress of the structure vaults and roof. This was done by adding compressive stress (a result of the pinnacle weight) to the thrust vector and thus shifting it downwards rather than sideways.
Sondul Chapouk
Sondul Chapouk was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council created following the United States' 2003 invasion of Iraq. She was the only Turk and one of only three women in the council. A member of the Turkoman minority from the city of Kirkuk, Chapouk is also the head of the Iraqi Women's Organization and  is an engineer and teacher by training.

Iraqi Turkmens
The Iraqi Turkmens (Turkish: Irak Türkmenleri, عراق تورکمنلری; Arabic: تركمان العراق), also referred to as Iraqi Turks, (Turkish: Irak Türkleri, عراق توركلری; Arabic: أتراك العراق) are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq. Their traditional homeland is in northern Iraq, with Kirkuk considered by them as their capital. They have close cultural ties with Turkey, and are closely related to Syrian Turkmen. Iraqi Turkmens in Iraq do not identify with the traditionally-nomadic Turkmens of Central Asia.
Gajuwaka
Gajuwaka is a major residential area of Visakhapatnam City, India. This neighborhood of Visakhapatnam is considered the biggest shopping district in Andhra Pradesh by revenue. Though conceived as a residential locality, it is now one of the principal shopping districts of the city. The Gajuwaka area of Visakhapatnam has the highest per capita income in Andhra Pradesh.

Gajuwaka mandal is one of the 46 mandals of Visakhapatnam District. It is under the administration of Visakhapatnam revenue division and the headquarters is located at Chinagantyada, Gajuwaka. The Mandal is bounded by Pedagantyada, Mulagada and Gopalapatnam mandals. On 21 November 2005, the Gajuwaka Municipality  was merged into the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation.

Visakhapatnam revenue division
Visakhapatnam Revenue Division (or Visakhapatnam division) is an administrative division in the Visakhapatnam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the two revenue divisions managing the district's six mandals. The city of Visakhapatnam is the divisional headquarters.
Peqin District
Peqin District' (Albanian: Rrethi i Peqinit) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 32,920 in 2001, and an area of 191 km2 (74 sq mi). It is in the centre of the country, and its capital was the town of Peqin. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Peqin, which is part of Elbasan County.

There are two historical structures that are a reminder to the antiquity of the District of Peqin (which is the modern name of the district). First is the Via Egnatia, which passes through the middle of the district where its capital Peqin is located. Second is the castle (Castle Klaudiana) of the district also located at the center Peqin. As for the landscape of the capital, it is located in the valley of the river Shkumbin which has a wide base and runs through Elbasan County emptying into the Adriatic Sea near Divjakë (Fier County).

Via Egnatia
The Via Egnatia was a road constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. It crossed Illyricum, Macedonia, and Thracia, running through territory that is now part of modern Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, and European Turkey as a continuation of the Via Appia.

Starting at Dyrrachium (now Durrës) on the Adriatic Sea, the road followed a difficult route along the river Genusus (Shkumbin), over the Candaviae (Jablanica) mountains and thence to the highlands around Lake Ohrid. It then turned by parts south, following several high mountain passes to reach the northern coastline of the Aegean Sea at Thessalonica. From there it ran through Thrace to the city of Byzantium (later Constantinople, now Istanbul). It covered a total distance of about 1,120 km (696 miles/746 Roman miles). Like other major Roman roads, it was about six metres (19.6 ft) wide, paved with large polygonal stone slabs or covered with a hard layer of sand.
David Handler
David Handler (born July 24, 1980) is an American composer, violinist/violist and entrepreneur. His acoustic and electronic compositions have been described by The New York Times as “eerie” and “superbly wrought”, “exploring polarities of light and dark, the sacred and the profane.” He is the owner and co-founder of the music venue Le Poisson Rouge, and the founder and co-artistic director of Ensemble LPR, for which he was described as “the Ian Schrager of the music scene” by The New Yorker.

Ian Schrager
Ian Schrager (born July 19, 1946) is an American entrepreneur, hotelier and real estate developer, credited for co-creating the "boutique hotel" category of accommodation. Originally, he gained fame as co-owner and co-founder of Studio 54.