hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doubtful Crumbs
Doubtful Crumbs is an 1858–1859 oil on canvas painting of a St. Bernard or mastiff and a street dog, by the English artist Edwin Landseer, now in the Wallace Collection, in London. Until at least 1902 it was also known as Looking for the Crumbs that Fall from the Rich Man's Table, referring to Luke 16.19-21.

The work was engraved by the artist's brother Thomas - Edwin relied on private buyers and income from prints of his works. The painting was first exhibited in 1859 at the Royal Academy, of which Landseer had been a Fellow since 1831, where it was bought by the businessman and patron Elhanan Bicknell (1788–1861). It was then bought as Lot 105 at a posthumous auction of Bicknell's collection on 25 April 1863 by Richard Seymour-Conway, 4th Marquess of Hertford It was later offered for sale for £3138 but declined and so remained in what became the Wallace Collection.

St. Bernard (dog breed)
The St. Bernard or Saint Bernard (UK: /ˈbɜːrnərd/, US: /bərˈnɑːrd/) is a breed of very large working dog from the Western Alps in Italy and Switzerland. They were originally bred for rescue work by the hospice of the Great St Bernard Pass on the Italian-Swiss border. The hospice, built by and named after the Alpine monk Saint Bernard of Menthon, 
acquired its first dogs between 1660 and 1670. The breed has become famous through tales of Alpine rescues, as well as for its large size and gentle temperament.
Skew (antenna)
Skew is a term used in antenna engineering. It is a technique to improve the horizontal radiation pattern of a high power transmitter station.

In a high power VHF or UHF station, usually the antenna system is constructed to broadcast to four directions each separated 90° from each other. So the directivity of the antenna system resembles a four leaf clover. While settlements within the main lobe receive enough energy, the energy received by the settlements between the main lobes may be 6 dB less.

One popular method to solve the problem is to skew the antenna panels symmetrically around the central axis of the mast. Usually a skew of λ/4 gives the desired almost-uniform horizontal radiation pattern. But in cases where more than one RF signal is applied to antenna system (via combiner), the improvement in the horizontal radiation pattern may be inadequate for some signals.

Four-leaf clover
The four-leaf clover is a rare mutation of the common three-leaf clover that has four leaflets instead of three. According to traditional sayings, such clovers bring good luck, a belief that dates back to at least the 17th century.

The term four-leaf is botanically a misnomer, as cloverplants have multiple leaves (multiple clovers), each consisting of a varying number of leaflets, typically three.
The Borden Twins
The Borden Twins (born May 29, 1932), Rosalyn Borden and Marilyn Borden, were twin sisters who acted together in numerous television programs from the 1950s until the 1980s. They were best remembered as "Teensy" and "Weensy" in an episode of I Love Lucy entitled "Tennessee Bound". They never rose above supporting players, but the duo performed in many venues, including gigs on the nightclub circuit, as well as larger events including the Rose Bowl.  The twins also performed at numerous USO shows at home and overseas.  The sisters worked with notable performers such as Lucille Ball, Dean Martin, and Jerry Lewis, Andy Williams, Sammy Davis Jr., Jimmy Durante, Bea Arthur, Bob Newhart and The Ritz Brothers.

Rosalyn "Roz" Borden died January 23, 2003, of liver disease in Modesto, California.  Marilyn Borden died March 25, 2009, of complications of congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also in Modesto.

Ritz Brothers
The Ritz Brothers were an American family comedy act consisting of brothers Al (1901–1965), Jimmy (1904–1985), and Harry Ritz (1907–1986) who performed extensively on stage, in nightclubs and in films from 1925 to the late 1970s. A fourth brother, George, acted as their manager.
Jeremy Podeswa
Jeremy Podeswa (born 1962) is a Canadian film and television director. He is best known for directing the films The Five Senses (1999) and Fugitive Pieces (2007). He has also worked as director on the television shows Six Feet Under, Nip/Tuck, The Tudors, Queer as Folk, and the HBO World War II miniseries The Pacific. He has also written several films.

In 2014, he directed episodes five and six of the fifth season of the HBO series Game of Thrones, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for the latter episode. He returned the next season, directing the season premiere and the second episode. He also directed the season premiere as well as the season finale of the seventh season. In 2021, he directed episodes of the TV series adaptation of The Mosquito Coast and the miniseries Station Eleven.

The Mosquito Coast (TV series)
The Mosquito Coast is an American drama television series developed by Neil Cross and Tom Bissell based on the novel of the same name by Paul Theroux published in 1981. Premiering in 2021, it also used the novel's 1986 film adaptation (which starred Harrison Ford) as a source. The series stars Justin Theroux, nephew of Paul, and Melissa George in lead roles, with Logan Polish and Gabriel Bateman rounding out the main cast. Justin Theroux also serves as executive producer of the series, along with Rupert Wyatt who directed the first two episodes.

The first season consists of seven episodes and premiered on Apple TV+ on April 30, 2021, and concluded on June 4, 2021. In June 2021, the series was renewed for a second season consisting of ten episodes. The second season premiered on November 4, 2022, and concluded on January 6, 2023. In January 2023, the series was cancelled after two seasons.
Rap Against Dictatorship
Rap Against Dictatorship (RAD) is a Thai political hip-hop group that mainly produces anti-military junta, dictator, and pro-democracy rap music. They were founded in 2017 by the rapper Liberate P. Their first single, "My Country Has" (Thai: ประเทศกูมี), was released in 2018. After the release the police threatened to arrest the members but quickly backed down after the music video went viral. In 2019 they were awarded with the Václav Havel Prize for Creative Dissent at the Oslo Freedom Forum. During the 2020–2021 Thai protests one of the members got arrested together with pro-democracy activists and was charged with sedition. The group's music has been censored in Thailand multiple times due to its anti-government and anti-monarchy message.

Military junta
A military junta (/ˈhʊntə, ˈdʒʌntə/ ⓘ) is a system of government led by a committee of military leaders. The term junta means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808. The term is now used to refer to an authoritarian form of government characterized by a politically dominant group of military officers.
Shibata Castle
Shibata Castle (新発田城, Shibata-jō) is a flatland-style Japanese castle located in the city of Shibata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Throughout the Edo period, Shibata Castle was home to the Mizoguchi clan, daimyō of Shibata Domain. The castle was also known as "Ayame-jō" (菖蒲城, "Iris Castle").

Yagura (tower)
Yagura (櫓, 矢倉) is the Japanese word for "tower", "turret", "keep", or "scaffold". The word is most often seen in reference to structures in Japanese castle compounds but can be used in other situations as well. The bandstand tower erected for Bon Festival is often called a yagura, as are similar structures used in other festivals. Yagura-daiko (taiko drumming from atop a yagura) is a traditional part of professional sumo competitions.
Ireland at the 1984 Summer Paralympics
Ireland competed at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville, Great Britain and New York City, United States. 53 competitors from Ireland won 66 medals including 20 gold, 15 silver and 31 bronze and finished 14th in the medal table.

1984 Summer Paralympics medal table
The 1984 Summer Paralympics medal table is a list of National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) ranked by the number of gold medals won by their athletes during the 1984 Summer Paralympics, held in Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom from July 22 to August 1, 1984, and Nassau County, New York, United States, from June 17 to 30, 1984.
Liz Scalia
Elizabeth Scalia is a British-Italian professional racing cyclist, specializing in marathon mountain bike racing, and was the women's marathon national champion in 2007. She is based in Italy and has represented Great Britain in several international events including World Cups and World Championships.

Margam Country Park
Margam Country Park is a country park estate in Wales, of around 850 acres (3.4 km2). It is situated in Margam, about 2 miles (3 km) from Port Talbot in south Wales. It was once owned by the Mansel Talbot family and is now owned and administered by the local council, Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council. Situated within the park are three notable buildings: Margam Abbey, a Cistercian monastery; Margam Castle, a neo-Gothic country house that was once the seat of the Mansel Talbot family; and the 18th-century Orangery. There is also evidence of the largest Roman villa in Wales. The park is designated Grade I on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Isabelle Wéry
Isabelle Wéry is a Belgian actress and award-winning writer.

Wéry was born in Liège. She studied theatre in INSAS, where she was graduated in 1991. René Hainaux was her teacher. She has performed in several theatres from France, Belgium, Italy and the UK. Her monologues in Les Monologues du vagin by Eve Ensler were very successful. She was nominated two following years to the Prix du Théâtre in the category Seul en scène (1998 and 1999). She has appeared in both musical and film media.

In 2013, she won the European Union Prize for Literature (Belgium) for her work Marilyn Désossée.

Institut national supérieur des arts du spectacle et des techniques de diffusion
The Institut national supérieur des arts du spectacle et des techniques de diffusion, commonly known by the acronym INSAS (abbreviated as the Institut national supérieur des arts du spectacle), is a Belgian film and drama school founded by Raymond Ravar, André Delvaux, Paul Anrieu, and Jean Brismée in 1962.
Spodnji Brnik
Spodnji Brnik (pronounced [ˈspoːdnji ˈbərːnik]; in older sources also Spodnji Bernik, German: Unterfernig) is a settlement in the Municipality  of Cerklje na Gorenjskem in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Spodnji Brnik is also the closest settlement to Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport, commonly known as Brnik Airport.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Nagoya University
Nagoya University (名古屋大学, Nagoya daigaku), abbreviated to Meidai (名大) or NU, is a Japanese national research university located in Chikusa-ku, Nagoya.

It was established in 1939 as the last of the nine Imperial Universities in the then Empire of Japan, and is now a Designated National University.

The university is the birthplace of the Sakata School of physics and the Hirata School of chemistry. As of 2021, seven Nobel Prize winners have been associated with Nagoya University, the third most in Japan and Asia behind Kyoto University and the University of Tokyo.

Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, CKM matrix, quark mixing matrix, or KM matrix is a unitary matrix that contains information on the strength of the flavour-changing weak interaction. Technically, it specifies the mismatch of quantum states of quarks when they propagate freely and when they take part in the weak interactions. It is important in the understanding of CP violation. This matrix was introduced for three generations of quarks by Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa, adding one generation to the matrix previously introduced by Nicola Cabibbo. This matrix is also an extension of the GIM mechanism, which only includes two of the three current families of quarks.
Tony Reyes
Tony Reyes (October 24, 1973 – September 28, 2012) of San Bruno, CA, was a professional right handed ten-pin bowler who competed as a member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) over 14 seasons. He won one national PBA Tour title and eight PBA Regional Tour titles.

PBA Regional Tour
The PBA Regional Tour is a series of "mini tours", run by the Professional Bowlers Association, spanning across seven regions within the United States. The Tour allows PBA members and qualifying non-member amateurs to compete in weekend events. The Tour consists of seven regions: Central, East, Midwest, Northwest, South, Southwest, and West.
Aarhus Female Seminary
Aarhus Female Seminary (Danish: Aarhus Kvindeseminarium) is a building and a former women's teachers' seminary in Aarhus, Denmark situated on Trøjborgvej 82. The building was constructed for the religious Christian organization Indre Mission in 1910 to house a teachers' seminary for women. The building has housed educational institutions since it was built although Indre Mission no longer owns the building. The name of the school has changed over the years as it has transitioned through different operators but VIA University College may be the last as the college will eventually relocate to CeresByen. The building was designed by the architect Frits Jensen who gave it a French palace-expression.

Church Association for the Inner Mission in Denmark
The Church Association for the Inner Mission in Denmark (Danish: Kirkelig Forening for den Indre Mission i Danmark), or in short form Inner Mission (Danish: Indre Mission) is a conservative Lutheran Christian organisation in Denmark. It is the largest revival movement within the Danish National Church. Despite its name, members of the Inner Mission are not separate from other congregations. Rather, the group, which is led by an independent board, is organised as a foundation supporting congregational activities.
Don't Be Afraid (Aaron Hall song)
"Don't Be Afraid" is a song by American singer Aaron Hall. It was produced by Hank Shocklee and Gary G-Wiz. It was one of the singles taken from the soundtrack for the 1992 film Juice starring 2Pac. The song's drum loop is sampled from "Sing a Simple Song" by Sly and the Family Stone.

Gary G-Wiz
Gary Rinaldo (born May 3, 1969), better known by the name Gary G-Wiz, is an American record producer and film score composer. Most known for being a member of the hip hop production team the Bomb Squad, G-Wiz is a longtime Public Enemy producer and contributed to many albums including: Apocalypse 91... The Enemy Strikes Black, Greatest Misses, Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age, Autobiography of Mistachuck, There's a Poison Goin' On, Revolverlution, and How You Sell Soul to a Soulless People Who Sold Their Soul?.
Manouchehr Esmaeili
Manouchehr Esmaeili (Persian: منوچهر اسماعیلی; b. 28 March 1939 – d. 22 August 2022) was an Iranian voice actor. He was perhaps best known for dubbing Frank Sinatra in the 1960 film Ocean's 11. He also dubbed Peter Falk's title character in Columbo, Falk, Terry-Thomas and Buddy Hackett in It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, and Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger in In the Heat of the Night.

Esmaeili was born in Kermanshah on 28 March 1929. He dubbed in over 200 American films and television programs on lead and supporting roles. He died on 22 August 2022 at his home due to complications from COVID-19, at the age of 83.

Kermanshah
Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, romanized: Kermânšâh, pronounced [keɾmɒːnˈʃɒːʰ] ⓘ; Southern Kurdish: کرماشان, romanized: Kirmaşan.) is a city in the Central District of Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is 525 kilometres (326 miles) from Tehran in the western part of the country. The 2016 National Census measured the population of the city as 946,651 (2025 estimate 1,117,000). Kermanshah is widely recognised as the largest Kurdish-populated city in Iran and one of the most significant urban centres of Kurdish culture in the region. The Kurdish dialect of the city, known as Kermashani, belongs to the Southern Kurdish branch of the Kurdish language family.
Thangam (TV series)
Thangam (transl. Gold) is a Tamil soap opera that was broadcast on Sun TV. The show's main cast includes Ramya Krishnan, Vijayakumar, Seema, and Manju Bhargavi. The show premiered on 29 June 2009, and was produced by Srinivasa Visuals and was directed by B. Nakkeeran.

The plot is centred around a woman and the challenges she faces among her family members and society.

Sun TV (India)
Sun TV is an Indian Tamil-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 14 April 1993. It is the flagship channel of the Chennai-based media conglomerate Sun Group's Sun TV Network. It was founded and is owned by Kalanithi Maran.

It started airing on open network (Antenna) on 14 July 2002 at the time of "Majunu" Tamil movie premiering. Then it was removed from this open network on 2005. It was also removed from free on 9 November 2007. Sun TV launched its HD version on 11 December 2011.

Since its inception, the channel consistently remains the top rated Tamil channel and one of the top rated Indian television channel.

On 2 October 2025, the entire Sun TV network, including Sun TV itself, has officially renewed their channel logo for the first time in over three decades of operations. The new logo was later appeared on 1 February 2026.
Marc Milligan
Marc John Milligan (born 1 August 1987) is a South African former first-class cricketer.

Milligan was born at Pretoria in August 1987. He was educated at Hilton College, before going up to Oxford Brookes University in England. While studying at Oxford Brookes he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford UCCE against Worcestershire at Oxford in 2009. He played first-class cricket for Oxford UCCE (and from 2010, MCCU) until 2011, making a total of eight first-class appearances. Playing as a right-arm fast-medium bowler, he took 14 wickets in his eight first-class matches at an average of 42.35, with best figures of 3 for 31. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milligan also played minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire in 2013, making three appearances in the MCCA Knockout Trophy.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Antioquia Batholith
The Antioquia Batholith (Spanish: Batolito Antioqueño, Ksta, Kqd, K2ba) is a cluster of plutons located in and named after Antioquia, Colombia. The plutons stretch over an area of about 7,800 square kilometres (3,000 sq mi), and intruded and cooled in Late Cretaceous times. Much of the batholith is weathered into a 40 metres (130 ft) thick saprolite mantle. In some locations this saprolite reaches thicknesses of about 200 metres (660 ft). The development of this weathering is attributed to the humid climate and to stable conditions with limited amounts of erosion. Where the batholith-derived saprolite is eroded, inselbergs, such as El Peñón de Guatapé, crop out. Inselbergs correspond to rock masses of the batholith that resisted weathering and erosion by being less fractured.

Inselberg
An inselberg or monadnock (/məˈnædnɒk/ mə-NAD-nok) is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain.
If the inselberg is dome-shaped and formed from granite or gneiss, it can also be called a bornhardt, though not all bornhardts are inselbergs. An inselberg results when a body of rock resistant to erosion, such as granite, occurring within a body of softer rocks, is exposed by differential erosion and lowering of the surrounding landscape.
João Aguiar (writer)
João Casimiro Namorado de Aguiar (28 October 1943 – 3 June 2010) was a Portuguese writer and journalist. He spent his youth in Portuguese Mozambique.

Aguiar was born and died in Lisbon.  After working for a time in the Portuguese tourist industry in Brussels and Amsterdam, he studied journalism at the Free University of Brussels and in 1976 returned to Portugal to work as a journalist.

He worked for RTP (where he began his career in 1963) and a variety of daily and weekly periodicals such as the Daily News, A Luta, Diário Popular, O País, and Sábado. In 1981 he was named press secretary of the Ministry of Quality of Life, a short-lived government department concerned with sports and the environment. He was a regular contributor to the monthly magazine Superinteressante and sat on its editorial board. He died of cancer on 3 June 2010 in Lisbon.

He dedicated himself to literature, being one of the most acclaimed Portuguese novelists in the genre of the historical novel.

Superinteressante
Superinteressante (Portuguese for "super interesting"), or Super, is a Brazilian science and culture magazine. Super employs simple language to explain complex topics to the general public. It is published monthly since September 1987 by Editora Abril and competes with Galileu, a magazine published by Editora Globo that follows a similar style.
Geoffrey Sampson
Geoffrey Sampson (born 1944) is Professor of Natural Language Computing in the Department of Informatics, University of Sussex.
He produces annotation standards for compiling corpora (databases) of ordinary usage of the English language. His work has been applied in automatic language-understanding software, and in writing-skills training. He has also analysed Ronald Coase's "theory of the firm" and the economic and political implications of e-business.

Continuum International Publishing Group
Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City. It was purchased by Nova Capital Management in 2005. In July 2011, it was taken over by Bloomsbury Publishing. From September 2012, all new Continuum titles were published under the Bloomsbury name (under the imprint Bloomsbury Academic).
Richard Moncrief
Richard D. Moncrief (born October 17, 1971) is an American high school football coach. He was the head football coach for The Heritage School, a position he held in 2024.  He was the interim head football coach for Clark Atlanta University for 2023. He was the head football coach for Sidney Lanier High School from 2003 to 2005. He also coached for UAB, Selma High School, Alabama State, and Pace. He played college football as a quarterback for Clemson.

The Heritage School (Newnan, Georgia)
The Heritage School is a co-educational private school in Newnan, Georgia, United States. Established in 1970, from its founding, the Heritage School maintained an open admissions policy, although initially no black students applied nor were enrolled. The National Association of Independent Schools, which insisted on open-admissions policies for all its member schools, admitted the Heritage School to its membership in 1970. According to historian Love Williams, the school's Federal Tax exempt status granted in 1970 was entirely conditioned upon the school having a racially inclusive enrollment policy. The school is a member of the Georgia High School Association (GHSA), and is accredited by the Southern Association of Independent Schools (SAIS). It received full re-accreditation in 2022.