hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Axon
John Axon (4 December 1900 – 9 February 1957) was an English train driver from Stockport (Edgeley Depot) who died while trying to stop a runaway freight train on a 1 in 58 gradient at Chapel-en-le-Frith in Derbyshire after a brake failure. The train consisted of an ex-LMS Stanier Class 8F 2-8-0 No. 48188 hauling 33 wagons and a brake van.

Chapel-en-le-Frith
Chapel-en-le-Frith (/ˌtʃæpəl ˌɒn lə ˈfrɪθ/) is a town and civil parish, in the Borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, England.

It has been dubbed the "Capital of the Peak", in reference to the Peak District, historically the highland areas between the Saxon lands (below the River Trent) and the Viking lands (which came as far south as Dore, South Yorkshire).
George Washington Bacon
George Washington Bacon (1830–1922) was an American mapmaker and publisher who developed a successful business producing maps of London.

In 1861, Bacon founded a series of businesses. He became bankrupt in 1867, after failing to keep on top of managing these businesses.

In 1870, Bacon started his business, G.W. Bacon & Co., on 127 Strand, London. He based his atlases on the plates used by Edward Weller for his Weekly Dispatch Atlas. In 1893, he bought the map business of James Wyld.

During this time period, G.W Bacon created illustrations of British colonial wars, with their most famous publication being Bacon's South Africa War Prints in 1901, covering the Second Boer War.

Around 1900, G.W. Bacon was purchased by the Scottish publishing house of W.& A.K. Johnston and incorporated into their own. Maps using the Bacon brand were being produced as late as 1956. About 1967 their name was changed to Johnston & Bacon.

Edward Weller (cartographer)
Edward Weller (1 July 1819 – May 1884) FRGS was a British engraver and cartographer who was one of the first to produce maps using lithography.

He was a "London-based engraver, cartographer and publisher, working from offices in Red Lion Square and later, Bloomsbury", who produced detailed steel plate engraved maps.
Smarhon
Smarhon, or Smorgon, is a town in Grodno Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Smarhon District. It was the site of Smarhon air base, now mostly abandoned. Smarhon is located 107 kilometres (66 mi) from the capital, Minsk. As of 2025, it has a population of 35,072.

Grodno region
Grodno Region, also known as Grodno Oblast or Hrodna Voblasts, is a region of Belarus. Its administrative centre and its namesake, Grodno, is the largest city in the whole region. As of 2024, it has a population of 992,556.

Located in western Belarus, it lies on the Neman River. The region borders the Minsk region to the east, the Brest region to the south, Poland (Podlaskie Voivodeship) to the west and the Vitebsk region and Lithuania (Alytus and Vilnius counties) to the north.
El Sett
El Sett (English: The Lady), also known as El Set, is a 2025 Egyptian biographical drama film focusing on the life of the Egyptian singer and actress Umm Kulthum. It is written by Ahmed Mourad and directed by Marwan Hamed. The film stars Mona Zaki in the title role as Umm Kulthum. El Sett was commercially released in Egypt on December 10, 2025, by Synergy Films.

Ahmed Rami (poet)
Ahmed Ramy (Arabic: أحمد رامى) (August 9, 1892 - June 5, 1981) (also transliterated Ahmad Ramy) was an Egyptian poet, songwriter and translator. He is best known for writing lyrics for the Egyptian singers Umm Kalthoum and Mohammed Abdel Wahab. Ramy was also a translator. His works include translations of several of Shakespeare's plays and the quatrains of the Persian poet Omar Khayyám. Ramy also played a leading role in developing  Arabic poetry, using simple language to express sublime themes. He was named "Poet of the youth" in recognition of his contributions to Arabic verse.
Husky VMMD
The Husky VMMD (Vehicle-Mounted Mine Detection) is a configurable counter-IED MRAP (Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected) vehicle, developed by South African-based DCD Protected Mobility and American C-IED company Critical Solutions International. Designed for use in route clearance and de-mining operations, the Husky is equipped with technologies to help detect explosives and minimise blast damage.

The Husky VMMD can help operators detect land mines, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) using basic sensor equipment, and imaging systems. The Husky is equipped with countermeasures like jamming systems in an attempt to help disrupt the effect of IEDs. The Husky's armour is also able to withstand damage from basic explosives.

Countermeasure
A countermeasure is a measure or action taken to counter or offset another one. As a general concept, it implies precision and is any technological or tactical solution or system designed to prevent an undesirable outcome in the process. The first known use of the term according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary was in 1923.

Countermeasures can refer to the following disciplinary spectrum:

Medicine

Materials engineering

Electro-magnetic engineering

Policing

Information technology

International Law

Diplomatic security

Pollution prevention

Aviation

Defense countermeasures are often divided into "active" and "passive".
China Ditch
The China Ditch in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Oregon, was a 30-mile (48 km) canal built in part by Chinese laborers to supply water for the hydraulic mining of gold. The Myrtle Creek Consolidated Hydraulic Gold Mining and Manufacturing Company began purchasing land for the ditch in 1890 and was bankrupt by 1894. Portions of the ditch, which carried water from Little River to North Myrtle Creek, remain visible, and an 11-mile (18 km) section is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Bureau of Land Management maintains a driving loop and hiking trail for touring the ditch and its works.

Hydraulic mining
Hydraulic mining is a form of mining that uses high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment. In the placer mining of gold or tin, the resulting water-sediment slurry is directed through sluice boxes to remove the gold or tin. It is also used in mining kaolin and coal.

Hydraulic mining developed from ancient Roman techniques that used water to excavate soft underground deposits. Its modern form, using pressurized water jets produced by a nozzle called a "monitor", came about in the 1850s during the California Gold Rush in the United States. Though successful in extracting gold-rich minerals, the widespread use of the process resulted in extensive environmental damage, such as increased flooding and erosion, and sediment blocking waterways and covering farm fields. These problems led to its legal regulation. Hydraulic mining has been used in various forms around the world.
Fellowship of Humanity v. County of Alameda
Fellowship of Humanity v. County of Alameda was a 1957 California Courts of Appeal case in the Fellowship of Humanity, an organization of humanists, sought a tax exemption from Alameda County, California on the ground that they used their property "solely and exclusively for religious worship." Despite the group's nontheistic beliefs, the court determined that the activities of the Fellowship of Humanity, which included weekly Sunday meetings, were analogous to the activities of theistic churches and thus entitled to an exemption.

California Courts of Appeal
The California Courts of Appeal are the state intermediate appellate court system of the U.S. state of California. The state is geographically divided along county lines into six appellate districts. The California Courts of Appeal review appeals from the Superior Courts of California, and any further appeal is to the Supreme Court of California.

The California Courts of Appeal form the largest state-level intermediate appellate court system in the United States, with 106 justices.
Director General Project Seabird
The Director General of Project Seabird (DG Seabird) is a senior appointment in the Indian Navy with the rank of Vice Admiral. The DG heads the Seabird Project with a charter to oversee the largest defence infrastructure project progressing at the Karwar Naval Base.

Vice admiral (India)
Vice admiral is a three-star flag officer rank in the Indian Navy. It is the second-highest active rank in the Indian Navy. Vice admiral ranks above the two-star rank of rear admiral and below the four-star rank of admiral, which is held by the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS).

The equivalent rank in the Indian Army is lieutenant general and in the Indian Air Force is air marshal. Officers in the rank of vice admiral hold important appointments at the naval commands and at the naval headquarters.
Cafer Tayyar Eğilmez
Cafer Tayyar Eğilmez or Cafer Bey (1877 – January 3, 1958) was an officer of the Ottoman Army and a general of the Turkish Army. He participated in the Defense of Gallipoli during World War I and after the war had ended, he joined the forces of Mustafa Kemal Pasha and fought in the Turkish War of Independence.

On 12 August 1923 he was appointed commander of the 7th Corps. He was promoted to Mirliva and made a Pasha on 24 Eylül 1923. He put down the Assyrian rebellion in south-eastern Anatolia.

Pasha
Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: پاشا; Turkish: paşa; Arabic: باشا, romanized: basha) was a high rank, aristocratic title in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries, and others  issued by the Sultan carrying the tughra (imperial seal). Pasha, in one of its various ranks, is equivalent to the British title of Lord. Pasha was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt and it was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district.
Joe Foss High School (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)
Joe Foss High School is an alternative school located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.  In September 2015, the original building was sold to a religious group for $600,000, and the classes were moved to the former building of Axtell Park Middle School. The high school is operated alongside multiple other at-risk programs in the building, such as programs for middle school students, and suspensions from other schools in the district.

Alternative school
An alternative school is an educational establishment with a curriculum and methods that are nontraditional. Such schools offer a wide range of philosophies and teaching methods; some have political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations, while others are more ad hoc assemblies of teachers and students dissatisfied with some aspect of mainstream or traditional education.

Some schools are based on pedagogical approaches differing from that of the mainstream pedagogy employed in a culture, while other schools are for gifted students, children with special needs, children who have fallen off the track educationally or expelled from their base school, children who wish to explore unstructured or less rigid systems of learning, etc.
Ivan Jevtić
Ivan Jevtić (born April 29, 1947 in Belgrade, Serbia, then Yugoslavia) is a Serbian-born French composer and member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He is a former student of Stanojlo Rajičić, Alfred Uhl and Olivier Messiaen.

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica; Serbian: Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, romanized: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (Serbian: Друштво србске словесности, ДСС, romanized: Društvo srbske slovesnosti, DSS).

The Academy's membership has included Nobel laureates Ivo Andrić, Leopold Ružička, Vladimir Prelog, Glenn T. Seaborg, Mikhail Sholokhov, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Peter Handke as well as, Josif Pančić, Jovan Cvijić, Branislav Petronijević, Vlaho Bukovac, Mihajlo Pupin, Nikola Tesla, Milutin Milanković, Mihailo Petrović-Alas, Mehmed Meša Selimović, Danilo Kiš, Paja Jovanović, Dmitri Mendeleev, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Jacob Grimm, Antonín Dvořák, Henry Moore and many other scientists, scholars and artists of Serbian and foreign origin.
D. James Goodwin
Daniel James Goodwin is an American record producer, recording engineer, mixing engineer, and musician based in Hudson Valley, New York. Goodwin is known for his experimental and unconventional approach to recording. He is the owner of The Isokon, a recording studio in Kingston, New York. His discography includes bands and artists such as Blitzen Trapper, Kevin Morby, Rhett Miller, The Hold Steady, The National, The New Pornographers, Bob Weir, Nanna, Bonny Light Horseman, Anaïs Mitchell, Josh Ritter, Muzz, Craig Finn, Tim Berne, Kaki King, and Goose.

Josh Ritter
Joshua B. Ritter (born October 21, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and author who performs and records with the Royal City Band. Ritter is known for his distinctive Americana style and narrative lyrics. In 2006, he was named one of the "100 Greatest Living Songwriters" by Paste magazine.
Alicia Kok Shun
Alicia Kimberley Kok Shun (born 20 November 2004) is a Mauritian swimmer. She competed for Mauritius at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the women's 100 metre breaststroke.

She also competed for Mauritius at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in the women's 50 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre freestyle events.

Mauritius at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Mauritius competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games at Birmingham, England from 28 July to 8 August 2022. It was the team's 16th appearance at the Games.

Unlike prior editions, Mauritius will have three flagbearers (the first team to have three flagbearers) during the opening ceremony. Boxer Merven Clair, judoka Priscilla Morand and para-athlete Noemi Alphonse will be the flagbearers.
2017 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Perugia
The 2017 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Perugia was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Perugia, Italy between 11 and 16 July 2017.

Daniel Muñoz de la Nava
Daniel Muñoz de la Nava (Spanish pronunciation: [daˈnjel muˈɲoθ ðe la ˈnaβa]; born 29 January 1982 in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish professional tennis player.

He reached the quarterfinals of Estoril in 2012 and Delray Beach in 2013, both as a qualifier.
Silver Sox
Silver Sox can refer to three professional baseball teams:

Reno Silver Sox, a former minor league baseball team based in Reno, Nevada from 1948-1992.

The second Reno Silver Sox, a former independent league baseball team that played in the Golden Baseball League from 2005-2008.

Saskatchewan Silver Sox, an active minor league baseball team in the Arizona Winter League.

Reno Silver Sox (Golden Baseball League)
The Reno Silver Sox  were a professional baseball team based in Reno, Nevada, in the United States. They were a member of the North Division of the independent Golden Baseball League, which is not affiliated with either Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball. From 2006 to 2008, they played their home games at William Peccole Park, on the campus of the University of Nevada, Reno.

The team was the descendant of the original Reno Silver Sox minor league baseball team that played with three leagues from 1947 to 1992.
David Garland Rose House
The David Garland Rose House was built circa 1860 in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States.  David Rose was a local businessman. This Gothic Revival house is unusual in that it is eight-sided, an octagon.  Each of the eight gables include decorated wood panels. Covered porches have been added to three sides.

The octagon house rose in popularity in 1849 with the publication of Orson Squire Fowler's book A Home For All. The idea was to develop affordable and comfortable housing for the working class. Fowler proposed the use of concrete due to its long life and low cost. Most octagon houses are of wood or brick construction.  The "octagon craze" was short-lived and pre-dates the American Civil War. Fewer than 120 octagon houses survive.

Octagon house
Octagon houses are eight-sided houses that were popular in the United States and Canada mostly in the 1850s. They are characterized by an octagonal (eight-sided) plan and often feature a flat roof and a veranda that encircles the house. Their unusual shape and appearance, quite different from the ornate pitched-roof houses typical of the period, can generally be traced to the influence of amateur architect and lifestyle pundit Orson Squire Fowler. Although there are other octagonal houses worldwide, the term octagon house usually refers to octagonal houses built in North America during this period, and up to the early 20th century.
Maui Ocean Center
The Maui Ocean Center is an aquarium and oceanography center located in Maalaea, Hawaii, on the island of Maui. Opened on March 13, 1998, by Coral World International, the 3-acre (1.2 ha) facility is the largest living tropical reef aquarium in the Western Hemisphere. Their exhibits include colorful displays of live coral reef habitats, diverse collections of endemic Hawaiian fish species, and up-close viewing of sea turtles, stingrays, sharks, and various sea creatures.

Maui Ocean Center is the only public aquarium on Maui and exclusively displays marine life found in Hawaiian waters. The SEASCAPE restaurant at the aquarium is unique in that the restaurant is the only restaurant in all of Hawaii to be platinum certified for sustainability due to the restaurant offering 100% sustainable dining.

Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the 180th meridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. In the United States, the term "Western Hemisphere" is often used as a metonym for the Americas, even though geographically, the hemisphere also includes parts of other continents.
2010 Mountain West Conference baseball tournament
The 2010 Mountain West Conference baseball tournament took place from May 25 through 29. The top six regular season finishers of the league's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at San Diego State's Tony Gwynn Stadium. Top seeded TCU won their fourth Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 2–0 and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

TCU Horned Frogs baseball
The TCU Horned Frogs baseball team represents Texas Christian University in NCAA Division I baseball. The Frogs have competed in the Big 12 Conference since 2013 and previously competed in the Mountain West, Conference USA, Western Athletic Conference and Southwest Conference.  Since February 2003, the Horned Frogs have played their home games at Lupton Stadium, located on the TCU campus in Fort Worth, Texas. The Frogs are led by head coach Kirk Saarloos.
Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit  on Thursday, February 25, 1971, with a magnitude of 0.7872. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North Africa and Europe.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Trinità dei Monti (think tank)
Trinità dei Monti is a think tank headquartered in Rome, Italy. Established by Pierluigi Testa and 50 other founding members in February 2012, it operates as a discussion group that gathers at the Spanish Steps in Rome. Trinità dei Monti focuses in economics, financial markets, banking, as well as Italian and European politics. Participants in the discussions comprise representatives from public authorities, banks, private companies, and universities.

Spanish Steps
The Spanish Steps (Italian: Scalinata di Trinità dei Monti) in Rome, Italy, climb a steep slope between the Piazza di Spagna at the base and the Piazza Trinità dei Monti, dominated by the Trinità dei Monti church, at the top.

The monumental stairway of 135 steps is linked with the Trinità dei Monti church, under the patronage of the Bourbon kings of France, at the top of the steps and the Spanish Embassy to the Holy See in the Palazzo Monaldeschi at the bottom of the steps. The stairway was designed by the architects Francesco de Sanctis and Alessandro Specchi.
Almond present
An almond present (Danish: mandelgave, Bokmål: mandelgave, Nynorsk: mandelgåve, Icelandic: möndlugjöf, Swedish: mandelgåva) is a small present traditionally given in some Nordic countries to the person who gets the whole almond put in the rice pudding served for Christmas. It is a common Scandinavian tradition for many families, and especially for families with children.

In Denmark, this tradition has been known since the 16th century. The custom with the almond in the porridge has similarities to the king cake custom of Epiphany at the end of the Christmas season.

Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.
Outline of the Korean language
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Korean language:

Korean – East Asian language spoken by about 80 million people. It is a member of the Koreanic language family and is the official and national language of North Korea and South Korea, which form Korea. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin, China. Korean was historically categorized as a language isolate, but this classification is no longer widely accepted because the Jejuan language, which has no mutual intelligibility with any mainland Korean variety, is increasingly recognized as a separate language in its own right rather than just a divergent Korean dialect. Korean, Jejuan, and a few extinct relatives form the Koreanic language family. Korean is agglutinative in its morphology and follows an subject-object-verb word order in its syntax.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.