hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The 25th Hour (film)
The 25th Hour (French: La Vingt-cinquième Heure) is a 1967 anti-war drama film directed by Henri Verneuil, produced by Carlo Ponti and starring Anthony Quinn and Virna Lisi. The film is based on the bestselling novel by C. Virgil Gheorghiu and follows the troubles experienced by a Romanian peasant couple caught up in World War II.

Carlo Ponti
Carlo Fortunato Pietro Ponti Sr. Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (11 December 1912 – 10 January 2007) was an Italian film producer with more than 140 productions to his credit. Along with Dino De Laurentiis, he is credited with reinvigorating  and popularizing Italian cinema post-World War II, producing some of the country's most acclaimed and financially-successful films of the 1950s and 1960s.

Ponti worked with many of the most important directors of Italian cinema of the era, including Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Vittorio De Sica, as well as many international directors such as Agnès Varda and David Lean. He helped launch the career of his wife, international film star Sophia Loren. He won the Academy Award for Best Foreign-Language Film for La Strada (1954) and was nominated for Best Picture for producing Doctor Zhivago (1965). In 1996, he was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
ConVal Regional High School
ConVal Regional High School (short for Contoocook Valley Regional High School) is a high school in Peterborough, New Hampshire, that serves nine surrounding towns: Antrim, Bennington, Dublin, Francestown, Greenfield, Hancock, Peterborough, Sharon and Temple. The principal is Heather McKillop. ConVal has approximately 720 students and has had several notable sports and academic teams in the past. ConVal's mascot is the cougar. The school colors are blue and gold.

Greenfield, New Hampshire
Greenfield is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,716 at the 2020 census. Greenfield is home to the Crotched Mountain Rehabilitation Center, to Greenfield State Park, and to part of the Wapack Trail.
Vesy
Vesy (Russian: Весы́; English: The Balance or The Scales) was a Russian symbolist magazine published in Moscow from 1904 to 1909, with the financial backing of philanthropist S. A. Polyakov. It was edited by the major symbolist writer Valery Bryusov.

Russian symbolism
Russian symbolism was an intellectual, literary and artistic movement predominant at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. It arose separately from West European symbolism, and emphasized defamiliarization and the mysticism of Sophiology.
Ann Chumaporn
Chumaporn Taengkliang (Thai: ชุมาพร แต่งเกลี้ยง), also known as Ann "Waaddao" Chumaporn (อรรณว์ (วาดดาว)) is a Thai LGBTQ rights activist and founder of Naruemit Pride, the organizer of Bangkok Pride.

From Nakhon Sri Thammarat Province, Chumaporn co-founded Togetherness for Equality Action (TEA), a women-led NGO, and co-founded Women for Freedom and Democracy.

Chumaporn founded Nauremit Pride in 2022, and has organized subsequent pride events in Bangkok. She served as spokesperson of the parliamentary committee for the Marriage Equality Act. Following the legalization of same-sex marriage in Thailand, Chumaporn plans to hold a mass wedding for over 1,000 LGBT couples on 23 January 2025.

Nakhon Si Thammarat province
Nakhon Si Thammarat province (Thai: จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː tʰām.mā.râːt]) is a province (changwat) of Thailand, on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand.  As of 2018, it was the most populous province of Southern Thailand, with a population of approximately 1.5 million. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Songkhla, Phatthalung, Trang, Krabi and Surat Thani.
Il Primo Libro delle Canzoni
Il Primo Libro delle Canzoni is a collection of instrumental Baroque canzonas by the Ferrarese organist and composer Girolamo Frescobaldi. It was published in two different editions in Rome in 1628, and re-issued with substantial revisions in Venice in 1634. The three editions of the Primo Libro contain a total of forty-eight canzonas for one, two, three or four instrumental voices in various combinations, all with basso continuo; as a result of revisions, sixteen of the canzonas exist in two substantially different versions.

Basso continuo
Basso continuo is a harmonic musical structure, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), that generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the continuo group.
Osterman
Osterman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Russian

Andrei Osterman (1686–1747), Russian statesman

Ivan Osterman (1725-1811), Russian statesman

American

Cat Osterman (b. 1983), American softball player

Harry Osterman, Chicago politician

Kathryn Osterman (1883-1956), American actress

Lynne Osterman (b. 1962), American politician from Minnesota

J.P. Osterman, American writer of science fiction

Slovene

Ana Osterman (born 1940), Slovene politician

Swedish

Oscar Osterman (1894–1956), Swedish Army officer

Andrey Osterman
Count Andrey Ivanovich Ostermann (Russian: Андрей Иванович Остерман, German: Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann; 9 June 1686  –  31 May 1747) was a German-born Russian statesman who came to prominence under Tsar Peter I of Russia (r. 1682–1725) and served until the accession of the Tsesarevna Elizabeth in 1741. He based his foreign policy on the Austrian alliance. General Admiral (1740; dismissed 1741).
Windrose Airlines
Windrose Airlines, legally Wind Rose Aviation Company, is a Ukrainian charter airline based at Boryspil International Airport. Founded on 28 October 2003, the airline's headquarters is in Kyiv; it operates charter flights to destinations in Europe, Turkey, and Egypt.

Boryspil International Airport
Boryspil International Airport (Ukrainian: Міжнародний аеропорт «Бориспіль») (IATA: KBP, ICAO: UKBB), also known as Kyiv Boryspil Airport, is an international airport in Boryspil, 29 km (18 mi) east of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is Ukraine's largest airport, which served 65% of its passenger air traffic before the Russian invasion began, including all its intercontinental flights and a majority of international flights. It is one of two passenger airports that serve Kyiv along with the smaller Zhuliany Airport. Boryspil International Airport was a member of Airports Council International. Since 24 February 2022, the airport does not operate any scheduled, charter or cargo flights due to the russian invasion.
Sanjak of Siroz
The Sanjak of Siroz or Serres (Ottoman Turkish: Sancak-i/Liva-i Siroz; Greek: λιβάς/σαντζάκι Σερρών, Bulgarian: Серски Санджак) was a second-level Ottoman province (sanjak or liva) encompassing the region around the town of Serres (Turkish: Siroz, now in Greece) in central Macedonia.

Liwa (Arabic)
Liwa (Arabic: لواء, liwā’, "ensign" or "banner") has developed various meanings in Arabic:

a banner, in all senses (flag, advertising banner, election publicity banner, etc.)

a district; see also: banner (administrative division)

a level of military unit with its own ensign, now used as the equivalent to brigade

an officer commanding a number of liwa units, now equivalent to a major general

In Turkish, liva (لواء, livâ) was used interchangeably with sanjak to describe the secondary administrative divisions into which the provinces of the Ottoman Empire were divided. After the fall of the empire, the term was used in the Arab countries formerly under Ottoman rule. It was gradually replaced by other terms like qadaa and mintaqa and is now defunct. It is only used occasionally in Syria to refer to the Hatay Province, ceded by the French mandate of Syria to Turkey in 1939, when it was Liwa’ Iskenderun.
Presley Branch
Presley Branch is a stream in northern Fulton County, Arkansas and southeastern Howell County, Missouri.

The stream headwaters in Howell County are at 36°32′18″N 91°40′29″W﻿ / ﻿36.53833°N 91.67472°W﻿ / 36.53833; -91.67472 and the confluence with Myatt Creek in Fulton County is at 36°29′47″N 91°41′51″W﻿ / ﻿36.49639°N 91.69750°W﻿ / 36.49639; -91.69750. The stream flows south roughly parallel to Missouri Route PP then crosses under Missouri Route 142 and enters Arkansas where it turns southwest and enters Myatt Creek about one-half mile south of the border.

Presley Branch has the name of Pinkney Presley, a pioneer citizen.

Howell County, Missouri
Howell County is in southern Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,750. The largest city and county seat is West Plains. The county was officially organized on March 2, 1857, and is named after Josiah Howell, a pioneer settler in the Howell Valley.

Howell County comprises the West Plains, MO, Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Ripening
Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable. In general, fruit becomes sweeter, less green, and softer as it ripens. Even though the acidity of fruit increases as it ripens, the higher acidity level does not make the fruit seem tarter. This effect is attributed to the Brix-Acid Ratio. Climacteric fruits ripen after harvesting and so some fruits for market are picked green (e.g. bananas and tomatoes).

Underripe fruits are also fibrous, not as juicy, and have tougher outer flesh than ripe fruits (see Mouth feel). Eating unripe fruit can sometimes lead to stomachache or stomach cramps, and ripeness affects the palatability of fruit.

Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases. Given that, approaching the examination of a person and planning of a differential diagnosis is extremely important.

Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy. In a third of cases, the exact cause is unclear.
Last of the Summer Wine series 14
The fourteenth series of Last of the Summer Wine aired on BBC1 in 1992. All of the episodes were written by Roy Clarke, and produced and directed by Alan J. W. Bell.

This was the first series to be shot entirely on film, although the complete episode was still assembled on videotape.

Roy Clarke
Sir Roy Clarke (born 28 January 1930) is an English comedy writer, best known for creating the sitcoms Last of the Summer Wine, Keeping Up Appearances, Open All Hours and its sequel series, Still Open All Hours.
David Stewart (footballer, born 1947)
David Steel Stewart (11 March 1947 – 13 November 2018) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. After winning the Scottish Junior Cup with Kilsyth Rangers he was signed by Ally MacLeod's Ayr United for whom he played in two senior cup semi-finals. He then signed for Don Revie at Leeds United where he played when Leeds lost 2–0 to Bayern Munich in the 1975 European Cup Final. He signed for Ron Atkinson at West Bromwich Albion but didn't play for their first team. He then won promotion to the top flight of English football in his first season at John Toshack's Swansea City. Stewart saved a penalty in his one appearance for the Scotland national football team, a 1–0 defeat in East Germany in 1977.

East Germany national football team
The East Germany national football team, recognised as Germany DR by FIFA, represented East Germany in men's international football, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany.

East Germany qualified for the World Cup once, doing so in 1974, and after German reunification in 1990, the Deutscher Fußball Verband der DDR (DFV, English: German Football Association of the GDR), and with it the East German team, joined the Deutscher Fußball Bund (DFB) and the West Germany national football team that had just won the World Cup.
Simon Kuznets
Simon Smith Kuznets (/ˈkʌznɛts/ KUZ-nets; Russian: Семён Абра́мович Кузне́ц, IPA: [sʲɪˈmʲɵn ɐˈbraməvʲɪtɕ kʊzʲˈnʲets]; April 30, 1901 – July 8, 1985) was a Russian-born American economist and statistician who received the 1971 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development."

Kuznets made a decisive contribution to the transformation of economics into an empirical science and to the formation of quantitative economic history. Kuznets pioneered the concept of gross domestic product, which seeks to capture all economic production in a state by a single measure.

Cliometrics
Cliometrics (/ˌklaɪ.oʊəˈmɛt.rɪks/, also /ˌkliːoʊˈmɛt.rɪks/), sometimes called 'new economic history' or 'econometric history', is the systematic application of economic theory, econometric techniques, and other formal or mathematical methods to the study of history (especially social and economic history). It is a quantitative approach to economic history (as opposed to qualitative or ethnographic).

There has been a revival in 'new economic history' since the late 1990s.
Fairfield College Preparatory School
Fairfield College Preparatory School (Fairfield Prep) is a Jesuit preparatory school located on the campus of Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut. It is an all-male school of about 800 students, founded by the Society of Jesus in 1942.

United States men's national rugby league team
The United States national rugby league team represents the United States in international rugby league competitions. The team is managed by the USA Rugby League (USARL).

The United States competed with little success in some international games during the 1950s, but did not return to consistent competition until 1987. Following the establishment of the American National Rugby League (AMNRL) in 1997, the team began to participate in more regular international competition. They reached the quarterfinals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup. In 2014, the USARL became the national governing body for rugby league in the United States.
Versoix (river)
The Versoix (French pronunciation: [vɛʁswa]) is a river in France and in Switzerland. It is a 21.8 kilometres (13.5 mi) tributary of Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman). Its catchment area is 90.7 km2 (35.0 sq mi), of which 72.6 km2 in France.

The river begins in the Jura Mountains in Ain, France as Rivière la Divonne. It flows eastward through Divonne-les-Bains and Lac de Divonne approaching the Canton of Vaud. From there it turns southward toward form 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) of the France–Switzerland border, entering the Canton of Geneva and continuing eastward toward Versoix where it enters the lake.

Jura Mountains
The Jura Mountains (/ˈdʒʊərə, ˈʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə) are a sub-alpine mountain range, a short distance north of the Western Alps, and mainly demarcate a long part of the French–Swiss border. While the Jura range proper ("folded Jura", Faltenjura) is located in France and Switzerland, the range continues northeastwards through northern Switzerland and Germany as the Table Jura ("not folded Jura", Tafeljura), which is crossed by the High Rhine.
Satuditha
Satuditha (Burmese: စတုဒိသာ; pronounced [sətṵdìθà]) is a traditional Burmese feast and merit-making activity that features prominently in Burmese culture, reinforcing the importance of generosity and almsgiving as a Burmese cultural norm.

Generosity
Generosity (also called largesse) is the virtue of being liberal in giving, often as gifts. Generosity is regarded as a virtue by various world religions and philosophies and is often celebrated in cultural and religious ceremonies.

Scientific investigation into generosity has examined the effect of a number of scenarios and games on individuals' generosity, potential links with neurochemicals such as oxytocin, and generosity's relationship with similar feelings such as empathy.
Carnhell Green
Carnhell Green (Cornish: Glesin Karnhel) is a hamlet in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately three miles (5 km) southwest of Camborne at grid reference SW 617 374. It is in the civil parish of Gwinear-Gwithian.

Gwinear–Gwithian
Gwinear–Gwithian (Cornish: Pluw Wynnyer ha Godhyan) is a coastal civil parish in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.  It includes the villages of Connor Downs, Gwinear, Gwithian, Reawla and Rosewarne. The parish is situated approximately two miles (3 km) east of Hayle two miles (3 km) west of Camborne.

For the purposes of local government Gwinear–Gwithian has a parish council and elects councillors every four years.  The principal local authority is Cornwall Council. The population of the parish was 3032 in the 2001 census. This included Fraddam and increased to 3,261 at the 2011 census.  An electoral ward also exists with St. Erth added to the name. The population here in 2011 was 4,642.
2024 Byron Shire Council election
The 2024 Byron Shire Council election was held on 14 September 2024 to elect eight councillors and the mayor of Byron Shire. The election was held as part of the statewide local government elections in New South Wales, Australia.

Incumbent mayor Michael Lyon sought re-election to a second term but was defeated, placing 4th by first preference votes. He retained his council seat, which he has held since 2016.

Byron Shire
Byron Shire is a local government area located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The shire is located adjacent to the Coral Sea about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the Queensland border. The shire, administered from the town of Mullumbimby, covers an area of 566.7 square kilometres (218.8 sq mi), and has existed as a local government entity since 1906. The shire was named for Cape Byron, itself named by Captain James Cook in May 1770 in honour of Vice-Admiral John Byron.

Michael Lyon was first elected mayor to fill a casual vacancy on 13 May 2021 and then popularly elected at the council elections on 4 December 2021.
Rate limiting
In computer networks, rate limiting is used to control the rate of requests sent or received by a network interface controller. It can be used to prevent DoS attacks and limit web scraping.

Research indicates flooding rates for one zombie machine are in excess of 20 HTTP GET requests per second, legitimate rates much less.

Rate limiting should be used along with throttling pattern to minimize the number of throttling errors.

Network interface controller
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface controller built into the motherboard or contained in a USB-connected dongle, although network cards remain available.

Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic processing such as the TCP offload engine.
Mike Reid (golfer)
Michael Daniel Reid (born July 1, 1954) is an American professional golfer. Reid was one of the top amateurs in the mid-1970s, winning the 1976 Pacific Coast Amateur and leading the 1976 U.S. Open after the first round. As a professional, Reid won two PGA Tour events and finished in the top-10 70 times. In 1989, Reid came close to winning two major championships, the Masters and the PGA Championship, leading both of them during closing holes of the final round. On the Champions Tour, Reid won two senior majors, the 2005 Senior PGA Championship and the 2009 Tradition.

Utah Open
The Utah Open is the Utah state open golf tournament, open to both amateur and professional golfers. It is organized by the Utah section of the PGA of America. It was first played in 1926 and has been played at a variety of courses around the state. It was occasionally a PGA Tour event: in the 1940s, 1960, and 1963. Since 2003, the title sponsor has been Siegfried & Jensen.
Port of Šventoji
The Port of Šventoji (Lithuanian: Šventosios valstybinis jūrų uostas) is a port in the city of Šventoji, Lithuania. It is located at the mouth of Šventoji River and Baltic Sea. The new port of Šventoji is currently under construction.

Šventoji (Baltic)
The Šventoji (Latvian: Sventāja) is a river in the northwest of Lithuania and southwest of Latvia. It begins in Skuodas district and flows for 30km on the international border between Latvia and Lithuania. The Šventoji flows into the Baltic Sea near Šventoji settlement, north of Palanga. Būtingė oil terminal lies near the mouth.
Internship (medicine)
A medical (or surgical) intern is a physician in training who has completed medical school and has a medical degree, but does not yet have a license to practice medicine unsupervised.  Under the guidance of senior doctors, interns will learn how to diagnose and treat patients, handle medical records and deal with different clinical situations. Medical education generally ends with a period of practical training similar to internship, but the way the overall program of academic and practical medical training is structured differs depending upon the country, as does the terminology used (see medical education and medical school for further details).

United States Medical Licensing Examination
The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) is a three-step examination program for medical licensure in the United States, sponsored by the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). Individuals with a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree are required to pass the USMLE for medical licensure. Those with a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree (DO) may take either the COMLEX-USA or the USMLE for medical licensure, while the COMLEX-USA is required for osteopathic licensure.

It is a standardized test that assesses a medical student's knowledge of basic science concepts and their application to clinical medicine. The exam is divided into three components required for medical licensure in the United States and is typically taken by students after their second year of medical school. States may enact additional testing and/or licensing requirements.
Otmoor SSSI
Otmoor SSSI is a 213-hectare (530-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Oxford in Oxfordshire. It is adjacent to RSPB Otmoor, and they are both part of Otmoor, an area of wetland and wet grassland which was enclosed in the early nineteenth century.

This site in the floodplain of the River Ray has herb-rich damp grassland, wet sedge, coarse grassland, woodland, pools and ditches. More than sixty species of bird breed on the site, such as curlew and lapwing, while wintering birds include teal, wigeon, snipe, golden plover and short-eared owl.

Much of the site is owned by the Ministry of Defence as a  firing range and is closed to the public.

Eurasian curlew
The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (Numenius arquata) is a very large wader in the  family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred to just as the "curlew", and in Scotland known as the "whaup" in Scots.