hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coloma, Montana
Coloma is a ghost town located in the area of the Garnet Range in Missoula County, Montana, United States. Little is known about the settlement, which appears to have been founded in 1893. Records of the period indicate high gold mining activity from 1896 onwards, with an estimated $200,000 to $250,000 in gold being extracted. In 1916, there was additional activity when a mill was built on the site and additional surveys on the ore veins were conducted, apparently without success. Additional prospecting activity occurred between 1932 and 1950.

As of 2009, the site was under archeological study by Dr. Kelly Dixon and a group of graduate students from the University of Montana.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Voie verte
A voie verte or greenway is an autonomous communication route reserved for non-motorized traffic, such as pedestrians and cyclists. Voies vertes are developed with a view to integrated development that enhances the environment, heritage, quality of life, and user-friendliness. In Europe, they have been organized since October 1997 within the framework of the European Green Network to coordinate and regulate uses often prohibited in certain countries or that compete with motorized practices.

Environment
Environment most often refers to:

Natural environment, refers to all living and non-living things occurring naturally and the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that impact  on any organism or a group of organisms
Charlotte Gordon
Charlotte Gordon is an American writer, distinguished professor of humanities at Endicott College, and winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award in nonfiction for her book Romantic Outlaws: The Extraordinary Lives of Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley (2015). Awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, she is the director of The Tadler Center at Endicott College.

Endicott College
Endicott College is a private college in Beverly, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1939 as a two-year women's college. It began offering four-year degrees in 1988 and became coeducational in 1994.

Endicott enrolled approximately 4,300 students as of the fall 2020 semester. It offers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs, as well as graduate-level certificates, with a curriculum emphasizing an applied learning component with required internships.

The college has a 235-acre (95 ha) seaside campus. Its athletics teams compete as the Gulls in the Conference of New England in Division III.
Bhatar railway station
Bhatar railway station is a railway station in Bardhaman–Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Bardhaman–Katwa Road at Palar, Bhatar of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Purba Bardhaman district
Purba Bardhaman district is in the Indian state of West Bengal. Its headquarters is in Bardhaman. It was formed on 7 April 2017 after the division of the previous Bardhaman district. Great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose was born in village Subaldaha in the district of Purba Bardhaman.
1848 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1848 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 3, 1848. Incumbent Governor and Whig nominee Clark Bissell was re-elected, defeating former congressman and Democratic nominee George S. Catlin with 50.38% of the vote.

This was the last such election in which the Whig Party won a majority of the popular vote. Their vote share would steadily decline over each of the next eight elections, ending with their last appearance in the 1856 Connecticut gubernatorial election. The Whigs would only win two more of these eight elections, by the votes of the state legislature. It was also the last appearance of the Liberty Party.

Clark Bissell
Clark Bissell (September 7, 1782 – September 15, 1857) was the 34th governor of Connecticut. He served as an associate justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1829 to 1839. He had previously served as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives representing Norwalk and the Connecticut Senate representing the 12th District.
A Question of Proof
A Question of Proof is a 1935 detective novel by Cecil Day-Lewis, written under the pen name of Nicholas Blake. It is the first in a series of novels featuring the private detective Nigel Strangeways. Day-Lewis chose to write under an assumed name as he feared writing in the popular detective genre would harm his growing reputation as a serious-minded poet. Consequently, the publishers Collins advertised the book as being written by a "well-known writer" using a pen name. It was a commercial success selling around 200,000 copies in Britain and launching Day-Lewis, who quickly did become widely identified as the author, as one of the leading writers of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Keisei Narita Station
Keisei Narita Station (京成成田駅, Keisei Narita-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the city of Narita, Chiba Prefecture Japan, operated by the private railway company, Keisei Electric Railway.
It is within walking distance of the JR East Narita Station.

Keisei Electric Railway
The Keisei Electric Railway Company, Ltd. (stylized as K'SEI since 2001) is a major private railway in Chiba Prefecture and Tokyo, Japan. The name Keisei is the combination of the kanji 京 from Tokyo (東京) and 成 from Narita (成田), which the railway's main line connects; the combination uses different readings than the ones used in the city names. The railway's main line runs from Tokyo to Narita and the eastern suburb cities of Funabashi, Narashino, Yachiyo, and Sakura. Keisei runs an airport limited express train called the Skyliner from Ueno and Nippori to Narita International Airport.

In addition to its railway business, the Keisei Electric Railway Company owns large bus and taxi services and some real estate holdings. It owns a controlling share of the Oriental Land Company which owns and manages the Tokyo Disney Resort. Keisei is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 index.
Medieval Conquest
Medieval Conquest is a fantasy-themed real-time strategy personal computer game developed by Cat Daddy Games and published by Global Star Software for Windows in 2004. The game involves managing a kingdom by hiring units and building and upgrading structures.

2K (company)
2K is an American video game publisher based in Novato, California. The company was founded as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive in January 2005 through the 2K Games and 2K Sports sub-labels. The nascent label incorporated several development studios owned by Take-Two, including Visual Concepts and Kush Games, which had been acquired the day before. Originally based in New York City, 2K moved to Novato in 2007. A third label, 2K Play, was added in September 2007. 2K is governed by David Ismailer as president and Phil Dixon as chief operating officer. It operates a motion capture studio in Petaluma, California.
Pat Evans (motorcyclist)
Patrick Michael "Pat" Evans (El Cajon, California, April 28, 1955 – Bologna, April 6, 1977) was an American motorcycle racer. Following a serious accident on April 3, 1977, at the Imola 200, he remained in a coma and died three days later in Bologna hospital at the age of 21.

Imola 200
The Imola 200 (also known as the 200 Miglia) is a 200-mile (320 km) motorcycle race held annually at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari of Imola, Italy. The race originally ran as a modern motorcycle race from 1972 to 1985.  In 2010, the Imola 200 Miglia Revival began as a classic bike race.
Mahdi Hosseini Rohani
Seyed Mahdi Hosseini Rohani Persian: سید مهدی حسینی روحانی (15 July 1925 – 23 November 2000)  was an Iranian Ayatollah born in Qom. He served in the  First, Second, and Third terms of the Assembly of Experts.

Ayatollah
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌaɪəˈtɒlə/, also US: /ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə/; Arabic: آية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is a title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. It came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

Originally used as a title bestowed by popular/clerical acclaim for a small number of the most distinguished  marja' at-taqlid mujtahid, it suffered from "inflation"  following the 1979 Iranian Revolution when it came to be used for "any established mujtahid". By 2015, it was further expanded to include any student who had passed their Mujtahid final exam, leading to "thousands" of Ayatollahs.

The title is not used by the Sunni community of Iran, due to their belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor.

In the Western world – especially after the Iranian Revolution – it was associated with Ruhollah Khomeini, who was so well known as to often be referred to as "The Ayatollah".
Luis Pérez Rodríguez
Luis Pérez Rodríguez (born 16 June 1974 in Torrelaguna, Spain) is retired road racing cyclist. He competed professionally between 1995 and 2007, and last rode for the Andalucía–CajaSur team.

During his career, Pérez scored two stage wins in Grand Tour events, both in the Vuelta a España. During his last season with Andalucía–CajaSur, he scored a 1st Overall in the Clásica Internacional de Alcobendas, a three-day stage race. In November 2007, before retiring from Andalucía–CajaSur, Pérez won the first annual Criterium Ciudad de Jaén race, an unofficial two-day competition held during the off-season of the UCI World Tour circuit.

Clásica Internacional de Alcobendas
The Clásica Internacional de Alcobendas was a three-day professional cycle road race held in Spain in May. The event was first run in 1984 but was not held in 1988 and 1990. From 2005 until its final edition in 2008, the race was organised as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.
Tomer Zimmerman
Tomer Zimmerman (Hebrew: תומר צימרמן; born 27 December 1966) is an Israeli former professional tennis player.

A native of Tel Aviv, Zimmerman had a best world ranking of 384 and was runner-up at the 1987 Durban Challenger. He also featured in the qualifying draw at Wimbledon in 1988 and had multiple appearances at the Tel Aviv Open.

Zimmerman played collegiate tennis in the United States for Pepperdine University.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.
Rattle River
The Rattle River is a 4.1-mile-long (6.6 km) river in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Androscoggin River, which flows east into Maine, joining the Kennebec River close to the Atlantic Ocean.

The Rattle River rises in the saddle between Middle Moriah and Shelburne Moriah Mountain in the town of Shelburne, within the White Mountain National Forest. The river (better described as a large brook) flows north to the Androscoggin, dropping from 2,800 feet (850 m) to 700 feet (210 m) above sea level over its length.

The Appalachian Trail follows the river from its source to the Androscoggin River valley.

Shelburne Moriah Mountain
Shelburne Moriah Mountain is a mountain located in Coos County, New Hampshire. The mountain is part of the Carter-Moriah Range of the White Mountains, which runs along the northern east side of Pinkham Notch.  Shelburne Moriah is flanked to the southwest by Middle Moriah Mountain. It is the northernmost Moriah Range summit along the Appalachian Trail, which crosses the Androscoggin River at Shelburne, New Hampshire, and continues north into the Mahoosuc Range.
Bernhard Adalbert Emil Koehne
Bernhard Adalbert Emil Koehne (12 February 1848 – 12 October 1918) was a German botanist and dendrologist born near Striegau, a town known today as Strzegom, Poland.

Koehne was a professor of botany in Berlin and was a leading authority of the plant family Lythraceae. In Adolf Engler's treatise Das Pflanzenreich ("The Plant Kingdom"), he was author of the chapter on Lythraceae. He also made important contributions involving Lythraceae to Engler and Karl Prantl's Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien ("The Natural Plant Families"), as well as to Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius' Flora Brasiliensis.

Another noted written effort by Koehne was the 1893 Deutsche Dendrologie ("German Dendrology").

Two plant genera have been named in his honor; Koehneola from Cuba, in the (family Asteraceae) was named in 1901, and Koehneria from Madagascar, in  the family Lythraceae in 1987.

Koehne edited and distributed the exsiccata Herbarium dendrologicum adumbrationibus illustratum.

Flora Brasiliensis
Flora Brasiliensis is a book published between 1840 and 1906 by the editors Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, August Wilhelm Eichler, Ignatz Urban and many others. It contains taxonomic treatments of 22,767 species, mostly Brazilian angiosperms.

The work was begun by Stephan Endlicher and Martius.
Von Martius completed 46 of the 130 fascicles before his death in 1868, with the monograph being completed in 1906.

It was published by the Missouri Botanical Garden.
2025 Heilbronner Neckarcup – Doubles
Romain Arneodo and Geoffrey Blancaneaux were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Vasil Kirkov and Bart Stevens won the title after defeating Jakob Schnaitter and Mark Wallner 7–6(7–5), 4–6, [10–7] in the final.

Romain Arneodo
Romain Arneodo (born 4 August 1992) is a French-born Monégasque professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 43, reached on 14 April 2025. He won the Monte-Carlo Masters doubles title in 2025, with Manuel Guinard, becoming the first Monégasque champion at the tournament.

Arneodo also reached a singles ranking of world No. 455 on 25 August 2014. From 2008 to 2013, he represented France in international competitions, but has since represented Monaco.
Howard R. Reiter
Howard Roland "Bosey" Reiter (1871 – November 11, 1957) was an All-American football player, coach and athletic director.  He was selected for the 1899 College Football All-America Team and played professional football as a player coach for the Philadelphia Athletics of the first National Football League in 1902.  He was the head football coach at Wesleyan University from 1903 to 1909 and at Lehigh University from 1910 to 1911.  Reiter has been credited by some with the development of the overhand spiral forward pass, which he claimed to have developed while playing for the Athletics in 1902.

National Football League (1902)
The first National Football League (NFL) was the first attempt at forming a national professional American football league in 1902. This league has no ties with the modern National Football League. In fact the league was only composed of teams from Pennsylvania, which meant it was actually regional, despite having locations in the two largest cities in Pennsylvania. Two of the teams were based in Philadelphia, while the third was based in Pittsburgh. This NFL was a curious mixture of football players and baseball players who adapted to playing football. Future Baseball Hall of Famer Rube Waddell was with the Philadelphia Athletics, and pitcher Christy Mathewson a fullback for Pittsburgh. Two of the three teams were owned by the Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia Athletics, with the third team suspected of being owned by the Pittsburgh Pirates. The league folded after the 1902 season.
JS Groupe Bazano
Jeunesse Sportive Groupe Bazano is a Congolese football club based in Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province. Founded in 2013, they currently play in the DR Congo top domestic league Linafoot. 20,000-capacity Stade Frederic Kibassa Maliba is their home venue.

Lubumbashi
Lubumbashi (UK: /ˌluːbʊmˈbæʃi/ LOO-buum-BASH-ee, US: /ˌluːbuːmˈbɑːʃi/ LOO-boom-BAH-shee), formerly Élisabethville ([elizabɛtvil]; Dutch: Elisabethstad [eːˈlisaːbɛtstɑt] ⓘ), is the second-largest city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the country's southeasternmost part, near the border with Zambia. The capital and principal city of the Haut-Katanga Province, Lubumbashi is the center of mining in the region, acting as a hub for many of the country's largest mining companies. No definite population figures are available, but the population of the city's urban area is estimated to be around 2,584,000 in 2021.
10th Manitoba Legislature
The members of the 10th Manitoba Legislature were elected in the Manitoba general election held in December 1899. The legislature sat from March 29, 1900, to June 25, 1903.

The Conservatives led by Hugh John Macdonald formed the government. After Macdonald resigned in 1900 to run for a federal seat, Rodmond Roblin became party leader and premier.

Thomas Greenway of the Liberal Party was Leader of the Opposition.

William Hespeler served as speaker for the assembly.

There were four sessions of the 10th Legislature:

James Colebrooke Patterson was Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba until October 10, 1900, when Daniel Hunter McMillan became lieutenant governor.

Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)
The Leader of the Opposition (French: Chef de l'Opposition) in Manitoba is the Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba who leads the party recognized as the Official Opposition. This status generally goes to the leader of the second largest party in the Legislative Assembly.

William Alexander Macdonald was the first officially recognized Leader of the Opposition in Manitoba, although Rodmond Roblin is considered to have been the de facto opposition leader from 1890 until he lost his seat in the 1892 provincial election.

As of 26 April 2025, the Leader of the Opposition of Manitoba has been Obby Khan, the head of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba.
Festival Nacional del Cabrito
Festival Nacional del Cabrito (National Kids Festival) is a three-day festival taking place annually in late February, in Recreo, Catamarca Province, Argentina. It one of the largest festivals in the area.

The festival started in 1972. The festival is home to a fair, many crafts, and the annual voting of queens.

Catamarca Province
Catamarca (Spanish pronunciation: [kataˈmaɾka]) is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The province had a population of 429,556 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], and covers an area of 102,602 km2. Its literacy rate is 95.5%. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from the north): Salta, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and La Rioja. To the west it borders the country of Chile.

The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca. Other important cities include Andalgalá, Tinogasta, and Belén.
Fat tree
The fat tree network is a universal network for provably efficient communication. It was invented by Charles E. Leiserson of the MIT in 1985. k-ary n-trees, the type of fat-trees commonly used in most high-performance networks, were initially formalized in 1997.

In a tree data structure, every branch has the same thickness (bandwidth), regardless of their place in the hierarchy—they are all "skinny" (skinny in this context means low-bandwidth). In a fat tree, branches nearer the top of the hierarchy are "fatter" (thicker) than branches further down the hierarchy. In a telecommunications network, the branches are data links; the varied thickness (bandwidth) of the data links allows for more efficient and technology-specific use.

Mesh and hypercube topologies have communication requirements that follow a rigid algorithm, and cannot be tailored to specific packaging technologies.

Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

This definition of bandwidth contrasts with usage in signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel.
Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources
The Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources (ASPER) is a centre for education, training and research in petroleum and energy resources engineering, geoscience and management at the University of Adelaide in South Australia. ASPER is housed in the purpose-built Santos Petroleum Engineering Building on the University of Adelaide's North Terrace campus.

North Terrace, Adelaide
North Terrace is one of the four terraces that bound the central business and residential district of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It runs east–west along the northern edge of "the square mile". The western end continues on to Port Road and the eastern end continues across the Adelaide Parklands as Botanic Road.
BPM "Dance Unlimited"
BPM "Dance Unlimited" (stylized as BPM "DANCE∞") is the second remix album by J-pop duo Two-Mix, released by King Records on March 26, 1997. It features remixes of six of the duo's hit singles. The album is the duo's only release offered in 12" LP format.

The album peaked at No. 11 on Oricon's weekly albums chart.

Two-Mix
Two-Mix (temporarily known as II MIX⊿DELTA) is a Japanese pop duo formed in 1995 by Minami Takayama (vocals and composer) and Shiina Nagano (synthesizer, composer and lyricist). Their style is fast electronic pop.