hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ls
ls is a shell command for listing files – including special files such as directories. Originally developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX and Single UNIX Specification, it is supported in many operating systems today, including Unix-like variants, Windows (via PowerShell and UnxUtils), EFI, and MSX-DOS (via MSX-DOS2 Tools).

The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include an ls 
command with similar functionality.

An ls command appeared in the first version of AT&T UNIX. The name inherited from Multics and is short for "list". ls is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX.1 and the Single Unix Specification.

In MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows, the equivalent command is dir. Apple DOS for the Apple II uses CATALOG.

UnxUtils
UnxUtils is a collection of utility programs that provide popular Unix-based shell commands – ported from GNU implementations as native Windows programs that depend only on Win32 and the Microsoft C-runtime (msvcrt.dll). The collection was last updated externally on April 15, 2003, by Karl M. Syring. As of December 2016, the most recent release was an open-source project at SourceForge, with the latest binary release in March, 2007 (though the files are dated 2000). The independent distribution included a main zip archive (UnxUtils.zip, 3,365,638 bytes) complemented by more recent updates (UnxUpdates.zip, 878,847 bytes, brought some binaries up to year 2003), but the SourceForge project has no UnxUpdates.zip package.

An alternative collection of Unix-based utilities for Windows is GnuWin32. It has later versions of many programs, but requires supporting files (e.g. DLLs).

Supported commands include:
Severiano Fernández
Severiano Fernández Nicolás (9 September 1919 – 2 September 2021) was a Spanish writer. He was born in Montejos, León. Writing in a social realist vein, he was a finalist for the very first edition of the Premio Planeta with his 1952 novel Tierra de promisión. That same year - something of an annus mirabilis for him - he won the Premio Selecciones de Lengua Española for his book El desahucio, and was a finalist for the Premio Nadal for La ciudad sin horizontes, which remains unpublished to this day.

Other major works include Las muertes inútiles, Después de la tormenta, Las influencias and Crónica de un juez. As late as 2003, he published a true crime book titled Juicios de faltas. He also worked as a screenwriter for television and cinema.

He published his memoirs in 1998. His life and work has been studied by Natalia Álvarez Méndez, a scholar at the University of León.

Fernández died on 2 September 2021, aged 101.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
Johor Military Forces
The Royal Johor Military Force (Abbr.: JMF; Malay: Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor — ATSNJ; “Johor State’s Loyal Deputy Army”) (Jawi: عسكر تيمبلن ستيا نڬري جوهر‎) is an independent military force of the state of Johor and the private royal guard of Sultan of Johor in Malaysia. The JMF is Malaysia's oldest active military unit still in operation and the only military in the Federation that is maintained by a state. The force comes under the control of the Sultan. Its headquarters are located at Sultan Ibrahim Camp, Johor Bahru.

The retention of the army was one of the stipulations in 1946 which Johor made when it participated in the Federation of Malaya. The Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of Malaysia states that the Malaysian federal government is solely responsible for foreign policy and military forces in the country. The JMF will be involved under the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) during any kind of emergency and armed conflict as an infantry unit.

Federation of Malaya
Malaya, officially the Federation of Malaya, was a country in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1963. It succeeded the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.

Initially a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom, Malaya became fully sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. Singapore was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya along with Sarawak and Sabah – now collectively known as East Malaysia – to form modern-day Malaysia, while the former Federation of Malaya is now referred to as Peninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia.
Miriam Allen deFord
Miriam Allen deFord (August 21, 1888 - February 22, 1975) was an American writer best known for her mysteries and science fiction. During the 1920s, she wrote for a number of left-wing magazines including The Masses, The Liberator, and the Federated Press Bulletin. Her short story, A Death in the Family,  appeared on the second season, episode #2, segment one, of Night Gallery.

Night Gallery
Night Gallery is an American anthology television series that aired on NBC from December 16, 1970, to May 27, 1973, featuring stories of horror and the macabre. Rod Serling, who had gained fame from an earlier series, The Twilight Zone, served both as the on-air host of Night Gallery and as a major contributor of scripts, although he did not have the same control of content and tone as he had on The Twilight Zone. Serling viewed Night Gallery as a logical extension of The Twilight Zone, but while both series shared an interest in thought-provoking dark fantasy, more of Zone's offerings were science fiction while Night Gallery focused on horrors of the supernatural.
Chengkam Sangma
Chengkam Sangma (born 10 October 1994) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Meghalaya in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 20 September 2018. He made his first-class debut for Meghalaya in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 1 November 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut on 15 November 2019, for Meghalaya in the 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.

2018–19 Ranji Trophy
The 2018–19 Ranji Trophy was the 85th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament that took place in India between November 2018 and February 2019. Vidarbha were the defending champions. The final took place between Vidarbha and Saurashtra, starting on 3 February 2019. Vidarbha defeated Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final, to become the sixth team in the tournament's history to retain their title.
This Is Nightlife
"This Is Nightlife" is a song by German dance group ItaloBrothers. The song was released in Germany as a download on March 15, 2013. It reached the top 30 charts of Austria and Switzerland and the top 50 in Germany. The song interpolates the 1997 Sash! hit "Ecuador".

Sash!
Sash! (German pronunciation: [zaʃ]; stylised as SASH!) is a German DJ/production team, fronted by Sascha Lappessen (born 10 June 1970) who works in the recording studio with Ralf Kappmeier, Karl Xander, and Thomas "Alisson" Lüdke. They have sold over 22 million albums worldwide and earned more than 65 gold and platinum awards. In the UK, their first four hit singles incorporated vocals in different languages (French, Spanish, English and Italian).
Mahatma Gandhi College
Mahatma Gandhi College is a college in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. It was founded by Mannathu Padmanabhan, the founder of the Nair Service Society. The college is affiliated to University of Kerala and is managed by Nair Service Society.
It was awarded "College with potential for excellence" certificate by NAAC. As per the 2019 NIRF rankings, Mahatma Gandhi College stands at 68th rank in India and fourth rank in Thiruvananthapuram.

National Institutional Ranking Framework
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a ranking methodology released annually by the Ministry of Education, Government of India, to rank institutions of higher education in India. The framework was approved by the former Ministry of Human Resource Development (now the Ministry of Education) and launched by the Minister on 29 September 2015.

Depending on their areas of operation,  institutions have been ranked under 11 different categories – overall, university, colleges, engineering, management, pharmacy, law, medical, architecture, dental and research. The Framework uses several parameters for ranking purposes like resources, research, and stakeholder perception. These parameters have been grouped into five clusters and these clusters were assigned certain weights. These weights depend on the type of institution. About 3500 institutions voluntarily participated in the first round of rankings.
Western Economic Association International
Founded in 1922, Western Economic Association International (WEAI) is a non-profit academic society dedicated to the encouragement and dissemination of economic research and analysis. WEAI's principal activities include the publishing of two quarterly journals, and the staging of conferences.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Rhianna Pratchett
Rhianna Pratchett (born 30 December 1976) is an English video game writer and journalist. She has worked on Heavenly Sword (2007), Overlord (2007), Mirror's Edge (2008) and Tomb Raider (2013) and its follow up, Rise of the Tomb Raider (2015), among others. She is the daughter of fantasy writer Terry Pratchett.

Codemasters
The Codemasters Software Company Limited (trade name: Codemasters) is a British video game developer and former publisher based in Southam. It is a subsidiary of American corporation Electronic Arts and managed under the EA Sports division. Founded by brothers Richard and David Darling in October 1986, Codemasters is one of the oldest British game studios, and in 2005 was named the best independent video game developer by magazine Develop. It formerly also published third-party games.

Codemasters Group Holdings plc was the holding company of Codemasters, which was publicly traded and owned Codemasters until being purchased by EA in 2021 for $1.2 billion.
Dale Radomski
Dale Radomski is a Hawaiian stuntman and once-actor.  He has performed stunts in several television shows and mainstream films including Hawaiian Heat, Jake and the Fatman, America's Most Wanted, War and Remembrance, Goodbye Paradise, Fists of Steel, Raven, Picture Bride, Marker, Race the Sun, Escape from Atlantis, the 1998 version of Fantasy Island, Pearl Harbor, Blood of the Samurai - The Series, and Hawaii.  Radomski also portrayed the part of "Tourniquet Man" in the pilot episode of Lost.

Fantasy Island (1998 TV series)
Fantasy Island is an American fantasy drama television series, broadcast on ABC from September 26, 1998 to January 23, 1999, during the 1998–99 television season. A remake of the original Fantasy Island television series, it starred Malcolm McDowell as Mr. Roarke and was developed by Bob Josephson.
Warji
WarjiListenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Warji.

It has an area of 625 km2 and a population of 114,720 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 742.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.
Film promotion
Film promotion is the practice of promotion specifically in the film industry, and usually occurs in coordination with the process of film distribution. Sometimes this is called the press junket or film junket. Film promotion generally includes press releases, advertising campaigns, merchandising, franchising, media, and interviews with the key people involved in making the film, such as the film's actors and directors.  This process is an important part of any release because of the inherent high financial risk; film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. Marketing budgets tend to equal about half the production budget. Publicity is generally handled by the distributor and exhibitors.

Financial risk
Financial risk is any of various types of risk associated with financing, including financial transactions that include company loans in risk of default. Often it is understood to include only downside risk, meaning the potential for financial loss and uncertainty about its extent.

Modern portfolio theory initiated by Harry Markowitz in 1952 under his thesis titled "Portfolio Selection" is the discipline and study which pertains to managing market and financial risk.  In modern portfolio theory, the variance (or standard deviation) of a portfolio is used as the definition of risk.
Warwood, West Virginia
Warwood is a neighborhood of the city of Wheeling in Ohio County, West Virginia, United States. It lies at an elevation of 673 feet (205 m). Warwood was named for the Warwood Tool Company. Founded by Henry Warwood of Martins Ferry, Ohio in 1854, the company was sold to Daniel L. Heiskell in 1892 and moved to a location four miles north of Wheeling. The Warwood Tool Company remains in existence to this day.

In the first half of the 20th century, a large number of Greek immigrants predominantly from the island of Karpathos settled in Warwood to work in the coal mines. Among Warwood natives of Karpathian descent is the noted Greek Orthodox theologian John G. Panagiotou.

Glenns Run, a tributary to the Ohio River, joins here.

Martins Ferry, Ohio
Martins Ferry is the most populous city in Belmont County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,260 as of the 2020 census. Located along the Ohio River across from Wheeling, West Virginia, it is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area.
Ben L. Hall
Ben L. Hall is an American politician who served as a member of the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission from the 5th district, covering all of Catron, Doña Ana, Grant, Hidalgo, Luna, Sierra, and Valencia Counties and parts of Lincoln, Otero, Socorro, and Torrance Counties.

Catron County, New Mexico
Catron County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,579, making it New Mexico's third-least populous county. Its county seat is Reserve. Catron County is New Mexico's largest county by area.
3rd ACTRA Awards
The 3rd ACTRA Awards were presented on March 2, 1974, at a ceremony hosted by Pierre Berton.

It marked the first time that the ceremony was broadcast by CBC Television, although that took place as a "highlights" show following the end of the event rather than as a live broadcast. It also marked the first time that ACTRA divided some categories up into separate awards for radio and television content, a process that would continue in future years.

Pierre Berton
Pierre Francis de Marigny Berton, CC, O.Ont. (July 12, 1920 – November 30, 2004) was a Canadian historian, writer, journalist and broadcaster. Berton wrote 50 best-selling books, mainly about Canadiana, Canadian history and popular culture. He also wrote critiques of mainstream religion, anthologies, children's books and historical works for youth. He was a reporter and war correspondent, an editor at Maclean's Magazine and The Toronto Star and, for 39 years, a panelist on Front Page Challenge. He was a founder of the Writers' Trust of Canada, and won many honours and awards.
Mundt
Mundt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Mundt (born 1960), President of the Bundeskartellamt

Carl Emil Mundt (1802–1873), Danish educator and politician

Clara Mundt (1814–1873), German writer known by her pen name Luise Mühlbach

Emilie Mundt (1842–1922), Danish painter

Ethan Mundt (born 1995), American drag queen

Inge Mundt, German rower

Jeanette Mundt (born 1980), American painter

Johnny Mundt (born 1994), American football player

Karl Earl Mundt (1900–1974), American educator and politician

Kate Mundt (1930–2004), Danish film actress

Kristina Mundt (born 1966), German rower

Lori Ann Mundt (born 1971) Canadian volleyball player

Miel Mundt (1880–1949), Dutch football player

Theodor Mundt (1808–1861), German critic and novelist

Todd Mundt (born 1970), American Basketball player

Johnny Mundt
John Christian Mundt (born November 23, 1994) is an American professional football tight end for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oregon Ducks.
Arthur Wileman
Arthur Harold Wileman MM (1 January 1886 – 28 April 1918), sometimes known as Nippy Wileman, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside right in the Football League for Chelsea and Burton United.

Burton United F.C.
Burton United Football Club was a football club based in Burton upon Trent in England. The club was established in 1901 by a merger of Burton Swifts and Burton Wanderers, and played their last competitive season in 1910. In 1924 they merged with Burton All Saints continuing the lineage of the history of football in Burton, while at the same time legally ending the club. Between 1901 and 1907, the club were members of the Football League.
IGorilla
iGorilla is a software application (app) that is designed for use with the internet and multimedia enabled smartphones iPhone or iPod Touch, which were created by Apple Inc. iGorilla is the first app to be dedicated to the protection of mountain gorillas and is evidence that organizations involved in wildlife conservation are using digital media technology to raise funds and awareness by communicating directly with people who are concerned about the planet’s biological heritage.

Mountain gorilla
The mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is one of the two subspecies of the eastern gorilla. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN as of 2018.

There are two populations: One lives in the Virunga Mountains in Mgahinga in southwestern Uganda, Volcanoes in northwestern Rwanda and Virunga National Park in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The other population lives in Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Some primatologists speculate the Bwindi population is a separate subspecies. As of 2019, there are an estimated 1,063 mountain gorillas in the world.
Thomas Grimstead
Thomas Grimstead (26 March 1803 – 24 January 1884) was an English cricketer with possibly amateur status who was active in 1831. He was born in Leatherhead, Surrey and died in Redbourn, Hertfordshire. He made his debut in 1831 and appeared in one match as an unknown handedness batsman whose bowling style is unknown, playing for Surrey. He scored nine runs with a highest score of 6 and took no wickets.

Surrey county cricket team (pre-1846)
Until 1845, the Surrey county cricket team, always known as Surrey, was organised by individual patrons and other groups, particularly Chertsey Cricket Club in the 18th century, and by Montpelier Cricket Club in the 19th. The team played important matches from the early 18th century until the formation of Surrey County Cricket Club on 22 August 1845.
Berube Lake
Berube Lake is a lake in geographic Lee Township in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin and is on Lillord Creek. The nearest community is Sesekinika, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east.

The lake is about 460 metres (1,510 ft) long and 280 metres (920 ft) wide. The primary inflow is Lillord Creek arriving at the northwest from Lillord Lake. There is a secondary inflow at the southeast. The primary outflow, at the northeast, is Lillord Creek, which flows southeast on the way to its mouth at the Blanche River. The Blanche River flows via Lake Timiskaming and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.

Blanche River (Lake Timiskaming)
The Blanche River is a river in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin in Timiskaming District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The river is a tributary of Lake Timiskaming and its name is from the French for the colour "white".
Guadalupe Canyon
Guadalupe Canyon is a canyon and valley in the southern portion of the Peloncillo Mountains Hidalgo County, New Mexico, Cochise County, Arizona and Agua Prieta Municipality, of Sonora. The waters of Guadalupe Canyon are tributary to the San Bernardino River joining it at its mouth at 31°13′33″N 109°16′10″W﻿ / ﻿31.22583°N 109.26944°W﻿ / 31.22583; -109.26944 just below Dieciocho de Augusto, Sonora. Its source is at 31°28′08″N 109°02′21″W﻿ / ﻿31.46889°N 109.03917°W﻿ / 31.46889; -109.03917 at an elevation of 6,160 feet on the south slope of Guadalupe Mountain (6,444 feet). It crosses the border into Mexico at 31°19′57″N 109°05′19″W﻿ / ﻿31.33250°N 109.08861°W﻿ / 31.33250; -109.08861 at an elevation of 4,173 feet / 1,272 meters.

In November 1846, the Mormon Battalion marched through Guadalupe Canyon. In 1881 the Guadalupe Canyon Massacre took place.

Hidalgo County, New Mexico
Hidalgo County (Spanish: Condado de Hidalgo) is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,178. The county seat and largest city is Lordsburg. A bill creating Hidalgo from the southern part of Grant County was passed on February 25, 1919, taking effect at the beginning of 1920. The county was named for the town north of Mexico City where the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, which in turn was named for Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, the priest who is known as the "Father of Mexican Independence."

The county is located on the Mexico–United States border, comprises the New Mexico Bootheel, and is majority-Hispanic or Latino.
Parnaoz Chikviladze
Parnaoz Lukich Chikviladze (Georgian: ფარნაოზ ჩიკვილაძე, Russian: Парнаоз Лукич Чиквиладзе, 14 April 1941 – 14 June 1966) was a Georgian judoka, who won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division (+80 kg) at the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the European Championships, he won a gold medal in 1965 and silver medals in 1964, 1965 and 1966. In 1964, he also was European champion in the team event. He died in a car accident in Moscow in 1966 and thus never competed in the Soviet judo championships, which were first conducted in 1973.

1966 European Judo Championships
The 1966 European Judo Championships were the 15th edition of the European Judo Championships, and were held in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg from 6 to 7 May 1966. Championships were subdivided into six individual competitions, and a separate team competition. Individual events were not discriminated into amateur and professional as before.