hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unmanned ground vehicle
An unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) also known colloquially as armored robot (ARB) is a vehicle that operates while in contact with the ground without an onboard human presence. UGVs can be used for many applications where it is inconvenient, dangerous, expensive, or impossible to use an onboard human operator. Typically, the vehicle has sensors to observe the environment, and autonomously controls its behavior or uses a remote human operator to control the vehicle via teleoperation.

The UGV is the land-based counterpart to unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned underwater vehicles and unmanned surface vehicles. Unmanned robots are used in war and by civilians.

Teleoperation
Teleoperation (or remote operation) indicates operation of a system or machine at a distance.  It is similar in meaning to the phrase "remote control" but is usually encountered in research, academia and technology.  It is most commonly associated with robotics and mobile robots but can be applied to a whole range of circumstances in which a device or machine is operated by a person from a distance.

Teleoperation can be considered a human-machine system. For example,  ArduPilot provides a spectrum of autonomy ranging from manual control to full autopilot for autonomous vehicles.

The term teleoperation is in use in research and technical communities as a standard term for referring to operation at a distance.  This is as opposed to telepresence which is a less standard term and might refer to a whole range of existence or interaction that include a remote connotation.
Roger Williams University School of Law
Roger Williams University School of Law is the law school of Roger Williams University, a private university in Bristol, Rhode Island. It is the only law school in Rhode Island. It was established in 1993 as the first graduate degree program of Roger Williams College. The School of Law has been accredited by the American Bar Association since 1997 and has been a member of the Association of American Law Schools since 2006.

According to Roger Williams's official 2017 ABA-required disclosures, 76.67% of the class of 2017 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. The bar passage rate for first-time takers in 2023 was 57.89%.

Association of American Law Schools
The Association of American Law Schools (AALS), formed in 1900, is a non-profit organization of 175 law schools in the United States. An additional 19 schools pay a fee to receive services but are not members. AALS incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational organization in 1971. The association is a member of both the American Council on Education and the American Council of Learned Societies. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C.
Diethard Finkelmann
Diethard Finkelmann (born 15 July 1941) is a former West German handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

In 1972 he was part of the West German team which finished sixth in the Olympic tournament. He played five matches and scored one goal.

He has been awarded the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt and is considered a legend at Füchse Berlin.

Füchse Berlin Reinickendorf
Füchse Berlin Reinickendorf are a German sports club based in Reinickendorf, a western district of Berlin. The football side is part of a larger sports association that has departments for basketball, bowling, boxing, gymnastics, team handball, ice hockey, swimming, tennis, table tennis, and volleyball. In January 2007, the Metropol Cricket Team Berlin joined the club as its cricket department.
Love & Gelato
Love & Gelato is a 2022 romantic comedy film directed and written by Brandon Camp. It follows 17-year-old Lina Emerson (Susanna Skaggs) as she travels to Rome in the summer before starting college shortly after her mother's funeral to fulfill her final wish. While in Italy, she is set on a journey to discover romance, adventure, and gelato. The film is based on the bestselling 2016 young adult novel by Jenna Evans Welch.

Gelato
Gelato (Italian: [dʒeˈlaːto]; lit. 'frozen') refers to a specific type of ice cream of Italian origin. In Italian, gelato is the common word for all types of ice cream. Artisanal gelato in Italy generally contains 6–9% butterfat, which is lower than other styles of frozen dessert. Gelato typically contains 35% air (substantially less than American-style ice cream) and more flavoring than other types of frozen desserts, giving it an intense flavor with creamy, smooth texture, density and richness that distinguishes it from other ice creams.
Ezerets Knoll
Ezerets Knoll (Bulgarian: Езерецка могила, ‘Ezeretska Mogila’ \e-ze-'rets-ka mo-'gi-la\) is the narrow, mostly ice-covered ridge extending 3.35 km in west-northwest to east-southeast direction, 800 m wide and rising to 1294 m in the west foothills of Bruce Plateau on Graham Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It surmounts Hugi Glacier to the west and its tributary Rickmers Glacier to the northeast.

The knoll is named after the settlements of Ezerets in Northeastern and Southwestern Bulgaria.

Hugi Glacier
Hugi Glacier (66°11′S 65°7′W﻿ / ﻿66.183°S 65.117°W﻿ / -66.183; -65.117) is a glacier flowing northward into the head of Holtedahl Bay southwest of Rasnik Peak, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Franz Joseph Hugi, a Swiss teacher who was called the "father of winter mountaineering," and was author of two pioneer works on glacier phenomena.
Harry Fishbein
Harry J. Fishbein (April 18, 1897 – February 19, 1976) was an American bridge player and club owner. He used to be a professional basketball player. In teams-of-four competition, Fishbein was a runner-up for the world championship in the 1959 Bermuda Bowl, playing on the United States team in a three-way round-robin among Europe, North America, and South America representatives. Fishbein was "the presiding genius" of the famous Mayfair club [or Mayfair Bridge Club] for more than 20 years" – proprietor of the training ground of experts from 1943 to 1966. As of 1960 he was also ACBL Treasurer.

He developed the Fishbein convention as a defense against preemptive opening bids.

American Contract Bridge League
The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) is a governing body for contract bridge in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda. It is the largest such organization in North America having the stated mission "to promote, grow and sustain the game of bridge and serve the bridge-related interests of our Members." Its major activities are:

sanctioning games at local bridge clubs and regional events

certifying bridge teachers and club directors

conducting the North American Bridge Championships (NABC)

providing education materials and services

administering the ACBL masterpoints system for tracking player performance

providing oversight for ethical behavior and play

representing the interests of its members with the World Bridge Federation.

As of 2025, it had more than 130,000 members.
Amelia Stewart, Viscountess Castlereagh
Amelia Anne Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry (née Hobart; 20 February 1772 – 12 February 1829), nicknamed "Emily" and, from 1794 until 1821 generally known as Lady Castlereagh (UK: /ˈkɑːsəlreɪ/), was the wife of the Georgian-era Anglo-Irish statesman Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, who from 1812 to 1822 was British Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons. Well-connected by birth to the aristocracy and wife of a prominent politician who was Britain's leading diplomat during the close of the Napoleonic Wars, Lady Castlereagh was an influential member of Regency London's high society.

Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)
The secretary of state for foreign, commonwealth and development affairs, commonly known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The role is one of the most senior ministers in the UK Government and is a Great Office of State. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and National Security Council, and reports directly to the prime minister.

The officeholder works alongside the other Foreign Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow foreign secretary. The Foreign Affairs Select Committee also evaluates the secretary of state's performance.

The current foreign secretary is Yvette Cooper. She was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.
1990 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1990.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Granada Theater (Kansas City, Kansas)
The Granada Theater is a grand movie palace in Kansas City's historic downtown in Wyandotte County, Kansas. The theater is designed in the Mission style with Spanish and Moorish influences.: 5  Dominating the facade is a large Palladian window, flanked by terracotta pieces.  Below the window is the main entrance, which centers on a glass ticket booth. The eastern and western ends of the facade's first floor are occupied by small storefronts.: 6

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
1995 New South Wales state election
The 1995 New South Wales state election was held on Saturday 25 March 1995. All seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and half the seats in the New South Wales Legislative Council were up for election. The minority Liberal Coalition government of Premier of New South Wales John Fahey was defeated by the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Bob Carr, who went on to become the longest continuously-serving premier in the state's history, before stepping down in 2005. Fahey pursued a brief career as a Federal Government minister.

It would not be until 2023, exactly twenty-eight years later, that Labor would again win a New South Wales state election from opposition.

Leader of the Opposition (New South Wales)
The leader of the opposition is a title held by the leader of the second-largest party in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of New South Wales. There is also a leader of the opposition in the Legislative Council. The leader acts as the public face of the opposition, leading the opposition on the floor of parliament. They act as a chief critic of the government and ultimately attempt to portray the opposition as a feasible alternate government. They are also given certain additional rights under parliamentary standing orders, such as extended time limits for speeches.
Emergency medical services in Hong Kong
Ambulance Services in Hong Kong are provided by the Hong Kong Fire Services, in co-operation with two other voluntary organisations, the Auxiliary Medical Service and the Hong Kong St. John Ambulance. The Government Flying Service provides air ambulance service, while the Civil Aid Service provides emergency services in search and rescue when the casualty is located in rural areas.

Public hospitals have charged HK$100 for treatment at accident and emergency departments since 2002. About 2.2 million use the service each year. Waiting time varies between one hour and more than five hours. In 2017 it was decided to increase the cost to HK$180 with an expansion of the fee waiver mechanism. The actual cost per patient is about HK$1,230. HK$1,390 in 2017-2018

The ambulance service from the Hong Kong Fire Service pledges to have an arrival of an ambulance at the street address from the time of call within 12 minutes.

Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter is a light commercial vehicle (van) built by Mercedes-Benz Group AG of Stuttgart, Germany, as a large van, chassis cab, minibus, and pickup truck. In the past, the Sprinter had been sold under the Mercedes-Benz, Dodge, and Freightliner nameplates. In the U.S., it was built from complete knock down (CKD) kits by Freightliner. Re-badged and re-engined Sprinters were also sold by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles as the Volkswagen LT and the Volkswagen Crafter. They are now primarily marketed by Mercedes-Benz.

In the Mercedes-Benz van lineup, the Sprinter is the largest model offered, followed by the mid-size Vito (aka Viano, V-Class, and EQV) and small Citan.
Aaron Abrams
Aaron Abrams  is a Canadian actor and writer, who has worked in both film and television.

Aaron Abrams has appeared in several regular and recurring roles for television, including Children Ruin Everything, Masters of Sex, Rookie Blue, Slings & Arrows, Longmire, The Oath, Blindspot, Blue Bloods and Hannibal. He also has had supporting roles in dramas Amelia with Hilary Swank, Flash of Genius with Greg Kinnear and the Code 8 franchise.  Aaron Abrams has also written and produced several films, most notably the Netflix hit comedy The Lovebirds starring Kumail Nanjiani and Issa Rae.  He has also written and produced critically acclaimed comedies The Go-Getters and Young People Fucking, as well as the television series The L.A. Complex.

Flash of Genius (film)
Flash of Genius is a 2008 American biographical drama film directed by Marc Abraham. Philip Railsback wrote the screenplay based on a 1993 New Yorker article by John Seabrook. The story focuses on Robert Kearns (played by Greg Kinnear) and his legal battle against the Ford Motor Company after they developed an intermittent windshield wiper based on ideas the inventor had patented. The film's title comes from the phrase "flash of genius" (like "stroke of genius"), which is patent law terminology that was in effect from 1941 to 1952, although Kearns's patent was filed in 1964; it held that the inventive act must come into the mind of an inventor as a kind of epiphany, and not as the result of tinkering.

The film opened on 1,098 screens in the United States on October 3, 2008, and earned $2.2 million on its opening weekend. It remained in theaters for only three weeks, and eventually grossed only $4.6 million worldwide, coming up short against its $20 million budget.
Ertij Fort
Ertij is a fort built during the 13th century. It is situated upon a hill adjacent to the village of Arpi in the Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia. Nearby in the gorge carved by the Arpa River is the cave shrine of Jrovank.

Arpa (river)
The Arpa (Armenian: Արփա; Azerbaijani: Arpaçay) is a river that flows through Armenia and Azerbaijan. Originating in Armenia's Vayots Dzor province (marz), it is a left tributary of the Aras. It is 128 km (80 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 2,630 km2 (1,020 sq mi). It originates on the slopes of the Zangezur Range and runs through many cities and towns, including Jermuk, Vayk, Yeghegnadzor, Areni, and then reaches Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan exclave, flowing through Oğlanqala, Siyaqut and Qışlaqabbas.
Adelsohn
Adelsohn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Lena Adelsohn Liljeroth (born 1955), Swedish politician, wife of Ulf

Ulf Adelsohn (born 1941), Swedish politician

Wolf Adelsohn (died 1866), Russian Hebrew scholar and educator

Ulf Adelsohn
Ulf Adelsohn (born 4 October 1941) is a Swedish politician, leader of the Moderate Party from 1981 to 1986 and Governor of Stockholm County from 1992 to 2001. He was a member of the Riksdag from 1982 to 1988 and served as Chairman of the Board of SJ AB 2001–2011, from where he resigned due to quarrels with the Reinfeldt cabinet on its railway deregulation policies.
Mount Chinghee National Park
Mount Chinghee is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 93 kilometres (58 mi) south of Brisbane.  It is part of the Shield Volcano Group of the World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia inscribed in 1986 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007.  It is also part of the Scenic Rim Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in the conservation of several species of threatened birds.

It was initially called Telemon Environment Park until it was gazetted as Mount Chinghee National Park in 1994.
The national park has no walking tracks or visitor facilities.

National Heritage List (Australia)
The Australian National Heritage List or National Heritage List (NHL) is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to Indigenous Australians such as Aboriginal Australian sacred sites. Having been assessed against a set list of criteria, once a place is put on the National Heritage List, the provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) apply.

All places on this list can be found on the online Australian Heritage Database, along with other places on other Australian and world heritage listings.
Tin King stop
Tin King (Chinese: 田景) is an at-grade MTR Light Rail stop located at the junction of Ming Kum Road and Tin King Road in Tuen Mun District, near Siu Pong Court in Tin King Estate. It began service on 24 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 3. It serves the Tin King Estate, Siu Pong Court and Po Tin Estate.

This stop is the terminus of Route 507, and has a balloon loop for trains on that line.

Balloon loop
A balloon loop, turning loop, or reversing loop (North American Terminology) allows a rail vehicle or train to reverse direction without having to shunt or stop. Balloon loops can be useful for passenger trains and unit freight trains.

Balloon loops are common on tram and streetcar systems. Many streetcar and tram systems use single-ended vehicles that have doors on only one side and controls at only one end. These systems may also haul trailers with no controls in the rear car, and, as such, must be turned at each end of the route.
Kull (surname)
Kull is a surname.

Notable people with this surname include:

Brett Kull, American musician

Caroline Kull, Swedish television host

Dove Kull, American social worker

Edward A. Kull, American director

Edwin Kull, American politician

Elle Kull, Estonian actress and politician

John Kull, American baseball player

Kalevi Kull, Estonian professor of biosemiotics

Olevi Kull, Estonian professor of ecology

Raimund Kull, Estonian conductor and composer

Tiiu Kull, Estonian botanist

Väino Kull (1943–2025), Estonian politician

Olevi Kull
Olevi Kull (22 June 1955, in Rakvere – 31 January 2007, in Tartu) was an Estonian professor at the University of Tartu known for his contribution to ecology. Following his death, a memorial fund was established by donations in his memory, which  provides travel stipends to students in the fields of plant ecophysiology, forest ecology and ecosystem ecology.

Biosemiotician Kalevi Kull is his older brother.
Waawa
The Waawa Listenⓘ clan of Northern Igboland, also referred to as Ndi Waawa, Wawa People, are a unique sub-group of the Igbo people in Enugu and Ebonyi State, Nigeria, consisting of several communities, who all speak a unique dialect of Igbo called Waawa.  The most notable among these are the Agbaja and Ngwo which consist of peoples between the wooded lands of Awka (capital of Anambra State) to the rocky valleys of Enugu (capital of Enugu State). The Agbaja are made up of communities in present-day Ngwo clan, Udi, Ezeagu, Umulokpa, Igbo-Etiti,[Enugu East]] Local Government Areas. Other notable parts of the Waawa clan include Nkanu, Nsukka, Abia (not be confused with people from Abia State), Nike, Agbani, Owo, and other communities in Enugu State. The Waawa are most notably associated with Chief Onyeama's people from Eke, who was the paramount ruler of Agbaja in the early 20th century.

Igbo Etiti
Igbo Etiti Listenⓘ is a local government area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ogbede. It has an area of 325 km2 and a population of 209,248 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 411.
Nishi-ku
Nishi-ku (西区) is a common ward name in many Japanese cities.

Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu, in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Hiroshima, in Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Kōbe, in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, in Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Nagoya, in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Niigata, in Niigata, Niigata Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Ōsaka, in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Saitama, in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Sakai, in Sakai, Osaka Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Sapporo, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Yokohama, in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture

Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu
Nishi-ku (西区, Nishi-ku) was a ward in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan, located in the southwest corner of the city. It is bordered by Naka-ku, Kita-ku, Minami-ku, and the city of Kosai. The 3rd largest ward of Hamamatsu in terms of area, much of the ward is still rural, with farms and rice fields.

Nishi-ku was created on April 1, 2007 when Hamamatsu became a city designated by government ordinance (a "designated city").

Nishi-ku is served by Maisaka Station and Bentenjima Station on the Tōkaidō Main Line railway.
Ken Gucker
Kenneth Gucker is an American Democratic Party politician who serves as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 138th district, which included part of the city of Danbury, as well as parts of the towns of New Fairfield and Ridgefield. Gucker was first elected in 2018 by a two-point margin over Republican Michael Ferguson. Gucker was re-elected in 2020 by a 7-point margin over Republican Emile Buzaid. Gucker narrowly lost reelection in 2022 to Danbury Board of Education member Rachel Chaleski by a margin of 26 votes. Gucker reclaimed his seat in 2024, winning against Chaleski by a margin of 142 votes.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.