hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gouy–Stodola theorem
In thermodynamics and thermal physics, the Gouy–Stodola theorem is an important theorem for the quantification of irreversibilities in an open system, and aids in the exergy analysis of thermodynamic processes. It asserts that the rate at which work is lost during a process, or at which exergy is destroyed, is proportional to the rate at which entropy is generated, and that the proportionality coefficient is the temperature of the ambient heat reservoir. In the literature, the theorem often appears in a slightly modified form, changing the proportionality coefficient.

The theorem is named jointly after the French physicist Georges Gouy and Slovak physicist Aurel Stodola, who demonstrated the theorem in 1889 and 1905 respectively. Gouy used it while working on exergy and utilisable energy, and Stodola while working on steam and gas engines.

Aurel Stodola
Aurel Boleslav Stodola (11 May 1859 – 25 December 1942) was a Slovak engineer, physicist, and inventor. He was a pioneer in the area of technical thermodynamics and its applications and published his book Die Dampfturbine (the steam turbine) in 1903.  In addition to the thermodynamic issues involved in turbine design the book discussed aspects of fluid flow, vibration, stress analysis of plates, shells and rotating discs and stress concentrations at holes and fillets. Stodola was a professor of mechanical engineering at the Swiss Polytechnical Institute (now ETH) in Zurich. He maintained friendly contact with Albert Einstein. In 1892, Stodola founded the Laboratory for Energy Conversion.
Kije, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Kije [ˈkijɛ] is a village in Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kije. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north of Pińczów and 31 km (19 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Pińczów County
Pińczów County is a unit of administration with the degree of the Sejm on territorial and territorial self-government in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It was established on January 1, 1992 as a result of Polish local government reforms adopted in 1912. The administrative seat and the largest city is Pińczów located 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. Another town in the county is Działoszyce located 10 kilometres (6 miles) south of Pińczów.

The county covers an area of 611.03 square kilometres (235.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 39,100, out of which the population of Pińczów is 10,774, that of Działoszyce is 907, and the rural population is 27,419.
Mayak mine
The Mayak mine is a large copper mine located in the center of Russia in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Mayak represents one of the largest copper reserve in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 456.7 million tonnes of ore grading 2.05% copper.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Beyond the Door (DVD)
Beyond the Door is Harper's first ever DVD release. The DVD combines studio footage recorded at Harper's home in February, August and September 2005, with images, illustrations, animations, "The Death of God" song video, and live performance footage recorded on 22 and 29 July 2004 at the Irish folk club "De Barra's" in Clonakilty, Cork of Harper accompanied by Matt Churchill.

The package also included an additional 10-track audio CD of the De Barra's performances, an 8-page booklet, and (on the DVD) an interview with Harper.

The release received a 4-star review from Mojo, UNCUT and from Classic Rock magazine, who made it their "DVD of the month".

Folk club
A folk club is a regular event, permanent venue, or section of a venue devoted to folk music and traditional music. Folk clubs were primarily an urban phenomenon of 1960s and 1970s Great Britain and Ireland, and vital to the second British folk revival, but continue today there and elsewhere. In America, as part of the American folk music revival, they played a key role not only in acoustic music, but in launching the careers of groups that later became rock and roll acts.
Dennis Appiah
Dennis Appiah (/ˈæpiɑː/ AP-ee-ah; born 9 June 1992) is a French professional footballer who plays for  Ligue 2 club Saint-Étienne. He was a France youth international, having earned caps at under-16, under-17, and under-18 level. Appiah played as a defensive midfielder. For both Nantes and Saint-Étienne, he's been playing in defence as a full-back and a centre-back in a back three.

France national under-18 football team
The France national under-18 football team is the national under-18 football team of France and is controlled by the French Football Federation. The under-18 team typically participated in friendly matches and tournaments, such as the Lafarge Foot Avenir and the Taça do Atlântico. The team serves as a feeder team to the under-19 team.

France have won the UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship — which ran from 1981-2001 — four times in 1983, 1996, 1997 and 2000.

France also won the Mediterranean Games in 2022.
Pursuit Force
Pursuit Force is a 2005 vehicular combat and third-person shooter video game developed by Bigbig Studios and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable. The game places the player in the role of a police agent who is a member of the titular elite law enforcement agency that specialises in direct armed encounters with adversaries, whether it be on foot or on the hood of a speeding car. The player has to try to seize cars and motorbikes while engaging in high-speed chases and gun battles against heavily armed gangs.

Pursuit Force was released in the PAL region in November 2005 and in North America in March 2006. The game received positive reviews from critics. A sequel, Pursuit Force: Extreme Justice, was released for the PlayStation Portable in 2007. In May 2023, the original Pursuit Force was released for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 as part of the Classics Catalogue.

PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").
Prada and Prejudice
Prada and Prejudice is a young adult novel by Mandy Hubbard, published by Razorbill in 2009.

The novel tells the story of Callie, a 15-year-old girl who buys a pair of designer heels while on a school trip, falls, and wakes up in 19th-century England.

Penguin Group
Penguin Group is a British trade book publisher and part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. The new company was created by a merger that was finalised on 1 July 2013, with Bertelsmann initially owning 53% of the joint venture, and Pearson PLC initially owning the remaining 47%. Since 18 December 2019, Penguin Random House has been wholly owned by Bertelsmann.

Penguin Books has its registered office in the City of Westminster, London.

Its British division is Penguin Books Ltd. Other separate divisions are located in the United States, Ireland, New Zealand, India, Australia, Canada, China, Brazil and South Africa.
Beat by Beat by Beat
Beat by Beat by Beat is a video released by German industrial rock band KMFDM originally released on VHS by the name Beat by Beat in 1997 and on DVD with its final, longer name in 2001. It features live performances and backstage tour footage from the band's 1995 Beat by Beat tour as well as all seven of the band's videos produced at the time.

Industrial rock
Industrial rock is a fusion genre that fuses industrial music and rock music. Originally emerging in the late 1970s to early 1980s, pioneered by artists such as Chrome, Killing Joke, Swans, Big Black and Skinny Puppy, the movement was further proliferated in the late 1980s by Wax Trax! Records in Chicago, with artists like Front 242, Front Line Assembly, KMFDM, and Sister Machine Gun.

Subsequently, the movement would lead to the emergence of genre fusions and subgenres like electro-industrial, industrial metal, martial industrial,  industrial hip-hop, industrial dance and industrial techno. By the 1990s, broader industrial music genres were made accessible to mainstream audiences through the popularity of acts such as Nine Inch Nails, Ministry, Rammstein, Marilyn Manson, all of whom released platinum-selling records.
Liam O'Sullivan
Liam O'Sullivan (28 October 1981 – 29 April 2002) was a Scottish football player, who played as a defender for Hibernian, Clydebank and Brechin City.

O'Sullivan achieved success in youth football with Hutchison Vale, and signed a five-year contract with Hibernian after leaving school in 1997. In May 2000, he joined Icelandic top division club Keflavík on loan. He went on to play seven league matches for the club, before being recalled by Hibernian manager Alex McLeish two months later. O'Sullivan played in the Scottish Football League for both Clydebank and Brechin City during 2000, but then suffered a serious knee injury. As he was battling to recover from that injury, O'Sullivan was found dead in a friend's house in Haddington. It was suspected that a drugs overdose, including methadone and ecstasy, was the cause of death.

Lothian Thistle Hutchison Vale F.C.
Hutchison Vale Football Club are a senior non-league football club based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Currently competing in the East of Scotland League Premier Division, they play their home matches at Saughton Enclosure in the Saughton area of the city.
Cariphalte
Cariphalte is a brand of hot-pour rubberised bitumen sealant (bitumen technology) manufactured by Shell Bitumen, used for race track and expansion joints. It was released for commercial use in 1986 and has been used on Cleveland and Kent concrete roadways including Dartford Crossing, the A4, the A10, the M2, and the M20.

There are two brands of Cariphalte. Cariphalte DM, the first brand, is a "styrene block co-polymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)". Cariphalte DA, the second brand, is "used for friction course mixtures".

Cleveland, Yorkshire
54°30′00″N 1°08′02″W﻿ / ﻿54.500°N 1.134°W﻿ / 54.500; -1.134

Cleveland (/ˈkliːvlənd/) is a district in North Yorkshire, England, lying between the River Tees and the North Sea on one side and the North York Moors on the other. It is coextensive with the old wapentake of Langbaurgh. The name comes from the Old English clifa land, meaning "district of cliffs".

The district should not be confused with the administrative county of Cleveland (1974–1996), which covered a smaller area and included land on the north side of the Tees, in what had been County Durham.
ECLASS
ECLASS (formerly styled as eCl@ss) is a data standard for the classification of products and services using standardized ISO-compliant properties. The ECLASS Standard enables the digital exchange of product master data across industries, countries, languages, and organizations. It is widely used as a standardized basis for product group structures or with product-describing characteristics of master data, particularly in ERP systems.

In connection with the Digital Product Passport (DPP), information can be displayed within an Asset Administration Shell (AAS) using ECLASS structural elements, such as “Environmental Footprint,” “General Battery and Manufacturer Information,” or “Circularity and Resource Efficiency.”

As the only ISO-compliant and globally recognized feature-based classification standard, ECLASS serves as the “language” for Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Deutsches Institut für Normung
Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardisation) is a German non-profit organization and acting as national organization for standardization. DIN is the German ISO member body. DIN is headquartered in Berlin. There are around thirty thousand DIN Standards, covering nearly every field of technology.
Madventures (Pakistani game show)
Madventures is a Pakistani adaptation of the popular reality show Fear Factor. The first season of the series premiered on 22 February 2013 on ARY Digital. It was presented by Pakistani television actor Ahsan Khan, and won by Priyamvada Kant from India. The second season began airing on 1 August 2015 which was hosted by Pakistani comedian and actor Ahmad Ali Butt.

Mehwish Hayat
Mehwish Hayat (born 6 January 1988) is a Pakistani actress who primarily works in Urdu films, and formerly, in television. She made her debut in the film with the comedy Jawani Phir Nahi Ani (2015) and later went on to become an Actor in Law (2016). Hayat had since starred in the comedies Punjab Nahi Jaungi (2017), Load Wedding (2018), and London Nahi Jaunga (2022), all of which rank among the highest-grossing Pakistani films.
Tokachi International Speedway
Tokachi International Speedway (十勝インターナショナルスピードウェイ) is a motor racing circuit in Takikubo, Sarabetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.

The circuit has two main configurations, the Grand Prix Course (グランプリコース), 5.091 km (3.163 mi), and the Clubman Course (クラブマンコース), 3.406 km (2.116 mi).

Sarabetsu, Hokkaido
Sarabetsu (更別村, Sarabetsu-mura) is a village located in Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan.  As of 1 November 2025, the village had an estimated population of  3,051 in 1364 households, and a population density of 17 people per km2. The total area of the town is 176.90 km2 (68.30 sq mi).
Apache Ain't Shit
Apache Ain't Shit is the only studio album by American rapper Apache. It was released in 1993 via Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records. The recording sessions took place at Unique Recording Studios in New York. The album was produced by Apache, S.I.D. Reynolds, Double J, Diamond D, Large Professor, Q-Tip, the 45 King, with Benny Medina, Queen Latifah, and Sha-Kim serving as executive producers. It features guest appearances from Nikki D, Cee, Collie Weed, Cut Monitor Milo, Double J, Latee, the Jigaboos, the My Dick Posse, Treach, and Vin Rock.

The album peaked at number 69 on the Billboard 200 and number 15 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. One charting single was released from the album, the Q-Tip-produced hit "Gangsta Bitch", which made it to No. 67 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 49 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and No. 11 on the Hot Rap Singles. Another single titled "Do fa Self" was also released, but it did not chart.

Large Professor
William Paul Mitchell (born March 21, 1972), better known by the stage name of Large Professor (also Extra P. and Large Pro), is an American rapper and record producer. Based in New York City, he is a founding member of the underground hip-hop group Main Source, and is credited with having discovered and mentored fellow New York City-based rapper Nas. About.com ranked Large Professor at No. 13 on its Top 25 Hip-Hop Producers list.
Eastern Cape Parks
Eastern Cape Parks are the national parks, marine protected areas, nature reserves and other nature conservation areas in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) is the governmental organisation responsible for maintaining wilderness areas and public nature reserves in the Eastern Cape, based in East London.

Addo Elephant National Park
Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) is a diverse wildlife conservation park situated close to Gqeberha in South Africa and is one of the country's 20 national parks. It currently ranks third in size after Kruger National Park and the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
Broadacre
Broadacre in Australia is land suitable for farms practicing large-scale crop operations. The key crop segments in this category are as follows:

oilseeds - canola, sunflowers

winter and summer cereals - wheat, barley, oats, triticale, sorghum, maize, millets

pulses - lupins, chickpeas, faba beans, field peas, mung beans, soybeans, lentils

sugar cane

rice

Within Australia today, these crops are farmed across more than 200,000 square kilometres (77,000 sq mi).

Broadacre is defined also as land parcels greater than 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft) and certain land-use criteria for all government land designated for release and future urban zoned land.

Mung bean
The mung bean or green gram (Vigna radiata) is a plant species in the legume family. It is mainly cultivated in East, Southeast, and South Asia and used as an ingredient in both savoury and sweet dishes.
2012 Korea Open
The 2012 Korea Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the WTA International category of the 2012 WTA Tour. It took place at the Seoul Olympic Park Tennis Center in Seoul, South Korea between 17 September and 23 September 2012. First-seeded Caroline Wozniacki won the singles title.

Han Sung-hee
Han Sung-hee (Korean: 한성희; RR: Han Seong-hui; born 13 November 1990) is a South Korean former tennis player.

On 16 July 2012, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of 256. On 16 April 2012, she peaked at No. 268 in the doubles rankings. She participated in the 2013 KDB Korea Open, losing in the first round to Alexandra Dulgheru.
George Clark (priest)
George Clark (29 June 1810 – 11 December 1874) was Archdeacon of St David's from 1867 until his death.

Clark was born in the parish of St Dunstan-in-the-West and educated at University College, Oxford. He was Vicar of Cantley in Yorkshire from 1845 to 1854; and Rector of Tenby from 1854 to 1867.

He died suddenly after contracting pneumonia.

Cantley, South Yorkshire
Cantley is a village and civil parish in the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England. The village is adjacent to Bessacarr, separated by Bawtry Road. It has a population of 2,830, reducing slightly to 2,817 at the 2011 Census.
Niagara Bottling
Niagara Bottling, LLC is an American manufacturer of bottled water and soft drinks based in Diamond Bar, California. They produce private label bottled water for a number of companies across North America. They operate more than 50 bottling plants in both the United States and Mexico, and employs more than 7,000 team members worldwide. As of 2017, Niagara was the largest supplier of private label bottled water in North America. Alongside producing for private label brands, the company also distributes water under their Niagara brand.

Private label
A private label, also called a private brand or private-label brand, is a brand owned by a company, offered by that company alongside and competing with other businesses' brands. A private-label brand is almost always offered exclusively by the firm that owns it. However, in rare instances, the brand is licensed to another company. The term often describes products, but can also encompass services.

The most common definition of a private label product is one that is outsourced: company A makes a product for company B, which company B then offers under their brand name. However, it can also define products made in retailer-owned firms. For example, in 2018, The Kroger Company had 60% of its private brands produced by third parties; the remaining 40% was manufactured internally by plants owned by Kroger. Private-label producers are usually anonymous, sometimes by contract. In other cases, they are allowed to mention their role publicly.
Karnan (soundtrack)
Karnan is the soundtrack album for the 2021 Indian film of the same name, directed by Mari Selvaraj and produced by Kalaipuli S. Thanu. The film features music composed by Santhosh Narayanan with lyrics written by Yugabharathi and Mari Selvaraj.

Santhosh who joined the film's team in September 2019, during the pre-production works had started composing for the film during November. The soundtrack consists of folk genre numbers, being recorded by native folk artists from Tamil Nadu. The film has seven tracks with three instrumental numbers. While three of the songs which released as singles received positive response, the film's album launch was held at a formal event on 7 March 2021.

Kalaipuli S. Thanu
Kalaipuli S. Thanu (pronounced [ðaːnu]) is an Indian film producer and distributor, known for his films in Tamil cinema. He has produced several films through his two companies, V Creations and Kalaipuli Films International. Many of his films have been commercially successful, three of which are among the top-ten highest grossing Tamil films. He has won two National Film Awards, two Cinema Express Awards and one Filmfare Awards South.
Faronics
Faronics Corporation is a privately held software company with offices in: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pleasanton, California, United States; Singapore; and Bracknell, United Kingdom. Faronics develops computer software for multi-user IT environments.

Faronics products are predominantly used in educational institutions, libraries, healthcare facilities, and government agencies.

Pleasanton, California
Pleasanton is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the Amador Valley, it is an upscale suburb in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 79,871 at the 2020 census. In 2005 and 2007, Pleasanton was ranked the wealthiest middle-sized city in the United States by the Census Bureau.

Pleasanton is home to the headquarters of Safeway, Workday, Ellie Mae, Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Blackhawk Network Holdings, Veeva Systems, and Simpson Manufacturing Company. Other major employers include Kaiser Permanente, Oracle, and Macy's. Although Oakland is the Alameda County seat, a few county offices are located in Pleasanton.

The Alameda County Fairgrounds are located in Pleasanton, where the county fair is held during the last week of June and the first week of July. Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park is located on the west side of town.
ELQ-300
ELQ-300 is an experimental antimalarial medication. It is the first entry in a new class of antimalarials known as 4-quinolone-3-diarylethers.

ELQ-300 acts as an inhibitor of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III in the electron transport chain) - A mechanism shared with some of the most potent fungicides known, the strobilurins. In preclinical studies with mice, ELQ-300 was found to be highly active against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax at all life cycle stages that play a role in the transmission of malaria, and to have good oral bioavailability.

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen. This parasite is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria.  Although it is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites,  P. vivax malaria infections can lead to severe disease and death, often due to splenomegaly (a pathologically enlarged spleen). P. vivax is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito; the males do not bite.