hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Donaldson theory
In mathematics, and especially gauge theory, Donaldson theory is the study of the topology of smooth 4-manifolds using moduli spaces of anti-self-dual instantons. It was started by Simon Donaldson (1983) who proved Donaldson's theorem restricting the possible quadratic forms on the second cohomology group of a compact simply connected 4-manifold.  Important consequences of this theorem include the existence of an exotic R4 and the failure of the smooth h-cobordism theorem in 4 dimensions. The results of Donaldson theory depend therefore on the manifold having a differential structure, and are largely false for topological 4-manifolds.

Many of the theorems in Donaldson theory can now be proved more easily using Seiberg–Witten theory, though there are a number of open problems remaining in Donaldson theory, such as the Witten conjecture and the Atiyah–Floer conjecture.

Witten conjecture
In algebraic geometry, the Witten conjecture is a conjecture about intersection numbers of stable classes on the moduli space of curves, introduced by Edward Witten in the paper Witten (1991), and generalized in Witten (1993). 
Witten's original conjecture was proved by Maxim Kontsevich in the paper Kontsevich (1992).

Witten's motivation for the conjecture was that two different models of 2-dimensional quantum gravity should have the same partition function. The partition function for one of these models can be described in terms of intersection numbers on the moduli stack of algebraic curves, and the partition function for the other is the logarithm of the τ-function of the KdV hierarchy. Identifying these partition functions gives Witten's conjecture that a certain generating function formed from intersection numbers should satisfy the differential equations of the KdV hierarchy.
Schottel
Schottel (company), German manufacturer of ship propulsion

Schottel or Schöttel is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ivan Schottel, United States football coach

Justus Georg Schottel, Baroque German grammarian

Peter Schöttel, Austrian football player

Schottel (company)
Schottel is a manufacturer of propulsion and steering systems for ships and offshore applications. The company founder Josef Becker invented the rudderpropeller, a z-drive, in 1950. Today the company develops and manufactures azimuth propulsion, maneuvering and steering systems. In 2014 the subsidiary Schottel Hydro was founded to bundle up the company activities in the hydrokinetic energy segment.
John Mariotti
John Mariotti (born August 19, 1984) is an American former professional baseball pitcher.

He was drafted by the Anaheim Angels in the 44th round of the 2003 MLB draft out of Chaminade College School and in the 36th round of the 2004 MLB draft out of Gulf Coast Community College, but did not sign either time. He was then drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the 18th round of the 2007 MLB draft from Coastal Carolina University and signed.

Mariotti played for the Orioles farm system through 2010 before he was released. He then signed with the Québec Capitales of the Canadian-American Association.

He was on the roster for the Italy national baseball team at the 2012 European Baseball Championship and 2013 World Baseball Classic.

Can–Am League
The Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball, commonly known as the Can-Am League, was a professional baseball league with teams in Eastern Canada and Northeastern United States. Founded in 2005 in Dayton, Ohio, the league was formed as a reorganization of the Northeast League following the 2004 season.

The Can-Am League operated in cities not directly served by Major or Minor League teams and was not affiliated with either. Though a separate entity, the league shared a commissioner, president, and director of umpires with the American Association of Professional Baseball. The league was headquartered in Dayton, Ohio.

The league ceased operations after the 2019 season, with five of the remaining six teams joining the Frontier League.
Johnder Basran
Johnder Basran (July 13, 1930 – December 29, 2013) was the first Indo-Canadian elected to mayoral office in Canada, in the town of Lillooet in the Fraser Canyon region of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada.  Described in the local newspaper's obituary as one of the town's biggest boosters and greatest ambassadors, he also served as chairman of the local school board.

Fraser Canyon
The Fraser Canyon is a major landform of the Fraser River where it descends rapidly through narrow rock gorges in the Coast Mountains en route from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia to the Fraser Valley.  Colloquially, the term "Fraser Canyon" is often used to include the Thompson Canyon from Lytton to Ashcroft, since they form the same highway route which most people are familiar with, although it is actually reckoned to begin above Williams Lake at Soda Creek Canyon near the town of the same name.
Don Cohan
Donald Smith Cohan (February 24, 1930 in New York City  – 20 October 2018) was one of the leading yachtsmen in the U.S.  He was the first Jew to compete at the highest levels of world yachting competitions and at the time of his active career, the only Jew to win an Olympic medal in yachting.

He won a bronze medal at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Years later, he twice defeated Hodgkin's disease.  He came back to win a U.S. sailing championship at the age of 72.

University of Pennsylvania Law Review
The University of Pennsylvania Law Review, formerly known as the American Law Register, is a law review published by an organization of second and third year J.D. students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. It is the oldest law journal in the United States, having been published continuously since 1852. Currently, seven issues are published each year with the last issue traditionally featuring papers from symposia held by the review each year. It is one of the four law reviews responsible for publication of the Bluebook. It is one of seven official scholarly journals at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, and was the third most cited law journal in the world in 2006.

In addition to the print edition, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review also publishes the University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online, formerly named PENNumbra, an online supplement, which publishes debates, essays, case notes, and responses to articles that appeared in the print edition.
Cymbal-banging monkey toy
A cymbal-banging monkey toy (also known as Jolly Chimp) is a mechanical depiction of a monkey holding a cymbal in each hand. When activated it repeatedly bangs its cymbals together and, in some cases, bobs its head, chatters, screeches, grins, and more. There are both traditional wind-up versions and updated battery-operated cymbal-banging monkeys. The cymbal-banging monkey toy is an example of singerie and kitsch.

Singerie
Singerie is the name given to a visual arts genre depicting monkeys imitating human behavior, often fashionably attired, intended as a diverting sight, using satire.  The term is derived from the French word for "Monkey Trick".

Though it has a long history, the height of the genre was in the 18th century, in the Rococo.
Suze (film)
Suze is a 2023 Canadian comedy-drama film, written and directed by Dane Clark and Linsey Stewart. The film stars Michaela Watkins as Suze, a woman whose feelings of empty nest syndrome after her daughter Brooke (Sara Waisglass) moves away to attend university lead her to become a doting mother figure to Brooke's ex-boyfriend Gage (Charlie Gillespie) even though she never liked him at all when he and Brooke were dating.

The film entered production in fall 2022 in Hamilton, Ontario.

The film premiered at the Atlantic International Film Festival on September 16, 2023, and was screened at the 2023 Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival, and the 2023 Calgary International Film Festival. It was released theatrically by Tribeca Films in the U.S. in February 2025.

Sara Waisglass
Sara Waisglass (born on July 3, 1998) is a Canadian actress.

Waisglass initially rose to notability as a child actress, playing the role of Jordy Cooper in the children's sitcom Overruled! from 2010 to 2011. As a teenager, she appeared as Frankie Hollingsworth in Degrassi: The Next Generation and Degrassi: Next Class from 2013 to 2017. She also played Robyn in the 2017 drama film Mary Goes Round. As an adult, she starred as Maxine Baker in the Netflix drama series Ginny & Georgia since 2021.
October 2032 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Monday, October 18, 2032, with an umbral magnitude of 1.1039. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 2.1 days after perigee (on October 16, 2032, at 17:25 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

This lunar eclipse is the second of a tetrad, with four total lunar eclipses in series, the others being on April 25, 2032; April 14, 2033; and October 8, 2033.

Tetrad (astronomy)
In astronomy, a tetrad is a set of four total lunar eclipses within two consecutive years.

The frequency of tetrads varies by century with the frequency of total lunar eclipses. This repeating cycle is called a tetradia. See Eclipse cycle for more information.
2017 Continental Tire SportsCar Challenge
The 2017 Continental Tire SportsCar Championship is the eighteenth season of the Continental Tire SportsCar Challenge and the fourth season organized by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA).

IMSA
The International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) is a North American sports car racing sanctioning body based in Daytona Beach, Florida, under the jurisdiction of the ACCUS arm of the FIA. It was started by John Bishop, a former executive director of SCCA (Sports Car Club of America), and his wife Peggy in 1969 with help from Bill France Sr. of NASCAR. Beginning in 2014, IMSA is the sanctioning body of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, the premier series resulting from the merger of Grand-Am Road Racing and the American Le Mans Series.  IMSA is owned by NASCAR Holdings, as a subsidiary company with a designated board of directors.
1989 Jamba Lockheed Hercules crash
The 1989 Jamba Hercules crash was an air accident involving a Lockheed Hercules L-100 aircraft that crashed on final approach to Jamba, Cuando Cubango, Angola on 27 November 1989. The flight had originated at Kamina Airport, Zaire, and was attempting a low-level approach at night. The aircraft was owned by CIA front company Tepper Aviation; it was delivering arms to UNITA. The crash killed "Bud" Peddy, the head of Tepper Aviation, who was acting as the plane's pilot. On board were several Americans, two West Germans, and a Briton. All were killed in the accident.

Aviation accidents and incidents
An aviation accident is an event during aircraft operation that results in serious injury, death, or significant destruction. An aviation incident is any operating event that compromises safety but does not escalate into an aviation accident. Preventing both accidents and incidents is the primary goal of aviation safety. Adverse weather conditions, including turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, and low visibility, have historically been major contributing factors in aviation accidents and incidents worldwide.
Brian Clarke (author)
James Brian Clarke (born 1938) is an English author, journalist and angler. He wrote two works on fly-fishing (The Pursuit of Stillwater Trout, 1975, and (with John Goddard) The Trout and the Fly, 1980). His environmental novel The Stream (2000) was described by David Arnold-Forster, chief executive of English Nature, as "the most significant book of its kind that I have read since Rachel Carson's Silent Spring". The Stream became the first work of fiction to win the international Natural World Book Prize, Britain's environmental book award and, in the same year, was named Best First Novel by a British writer by the UK Authors' Club. Clarke was Angling Correspondent of The Sunday Times from 1975 to 1996 and has been Angling Correspondent of The Times since 1991.

Authors' Club Best First Novel Award
The Authors' Club Best First Novel Award is awarded by the Authors' Club to the most promising first novel of the year, written by a British or Irish author and published in the UK during the calendar year preceding the year in which the award is presented. Inaugurated in 1954, the Authors' Club Best First Novel Award is the longest-running UK prize for debut fiction and – except for the James Tait Black and the Hawthornden – the oldest literary prize in Britain.
J Malan Heslop
J Malan Heslop (18 June 1923 in Taylor, Weber County, Utah – 29 July 2011 Salt Lake City, Utah) was a World War II combat photographer with Arnold E. Samuelson's Combat Assignment Unit #123 of the 167th Signal Photographic Company who documented evidence of Nazi war crimes.  He later served as editor of the Church News and managing editor of the Deseret News.

Heslop served as a freelance photographer in his native Utah and was employed at the Ogden Standard Examiner before setting off to California, where he studied the craft at Los Angeles City College.

Harold B. Lee Library
The Harold B. Lee Library (HBLL) is the main academic library of Brigham Young University (BYU) located in Provo, Utah. The library traces its roots to the late 19th century and has been renamed, relocated, and expanded various times to accommodate the growth of its collection. It was renamed in 1973 after Harold B. Lee, the 11th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
1976 British Rowing Championships
The 1976 National Rowing Championships was the fifth edition of the National Championships, held from 16–18 July 1976 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham. The Championships did not feature any of the British Olympic team members who were in Canada at the time.

Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre
Holme Pierrepont Country Park, home of The National Water Sports Centre is located in the hamlet of Holme Pierrepont near Nottingham, England and on the River Trent. It is used for many different sports and has received investment which has enabled a major refurbishment of existing facilities as well as introduction of new facilities.

Run by Serco on behalf of Nottinghamshire County Council, it was previously one of five National Sports Centres.
Madden NFL 19
Madden NFL 19 is an American football sports video game based on the National Football League (NFL), developed and published by EA Sports. The 29th installment of the long-running Madden NFL series, the game was released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows on August 10, 2018, the first time it released for the latter since Madden NFL 08.

Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver Antonio Brown is the cover athlete of the standard edition of the game, while Pro Football Hall of Fame wide receiver Terrell Owens is on the cover of the "Hall of Fame" edition, featured in a Dallas Cowboys uniform.

Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.
Gran Harrison
Granville Pearl Harrison (July 1, 1917 – December 13, 1997) was an American football player.

A native of Ashland, Mississippi, Harrison played college football at Mississippi State.

He played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as an end for the Philadelphia Eagles in 1941 and for the Detroit Lions in 1942. He appeared in five NFL games, one as a starter.

Ashland, Mississippi
Ashland is a town in Benton County, Mississippi, United States and the county seat. The population was 551 at the 2020 census, down from 569 at the 2010 census. Ashland was incorporated on March 8, 1871, and has a Mayor-Aldermen form of government.
Criterion Theatre (Bar Harbor, Maine)
The Criterion Theatre is a historic performance space at 35 Cottage Street in downtown Bar Harbor, Maine.  Built in 1932 when Bar Harbor's summer scene was at its height, it is one of only two Art Deco theaters in the state of Maine.  The theatre has in recent years struggled for financial solvency but was purchased in 2014 by a nonprofit organization.  After a major renovation, the theater reopened for business in May 2015. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Bar Harbor, Maine
Bar Harbor is a resort town on Mount Desert Island in Hancock County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population is 5,089. The town is home to the College of the Atlantic, Jackson Laboratory, and MDI Biological Laboratory. During summer and fall seasons, it is a popular tourist destination.

Bar Harbor is also home to the largest parts of Acadia National Park, including Cadillac Mountain, the highest point within 25 miles (40 km) of the coastline of the Eastern United States.

From the mainland, Bar Harbor is accessible by road via Maine State Route 3. The island is directly accessible by air at Hancock County–Bar Harbor Airport, and by ferry from Winter Harbor, Maine, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.
Operation Lancer
Operation Lancer was a military operation by Dutch and Australian troops on Timor during World War II. Lancer Force was the name of Australian troops used to replace Sparrow Force.

Around 60 men from the KNIL were to be inserted onto Timor by the Australian navy to undertake guerrilla warfare against the Japanese. Australian ships were constantly attacked by Japanese planes and on 1 December 1942 HMAS Armidale was sunk with heavy loss of life; most of the survivors died.

HMAS Armidale (J240)
HMAS Armidale (J240), named for the then town of Armidale, New South Wales, was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed during World War II, and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned solely by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Launched in early 1942, and initially assigned to convoy escort duties, Armidale was transferred to Darwin in October 1942. The corvette was attacked and sunk off Betano Bay (9°9′52″S 125°43′30″E﻿ / ﻿9.16444°S 125.72500°E﻿ / -9.16444; 125.72500), on the south coast of Portuguese Timor, (now East Timor) by 13 Japanese aircraft on 1 December 1942, while attempting to evacuate Australian and Dutch soldiers and deliver a relief contingent. She was the only Bathurst-class corvette to be lost to enemy action.
Rachel Webster
Rachel Lindsey Webster AO FAA (born 3 July 1951), is an Australian astrophysicist who became the second female professor of physics in Australia. Her main focus areas are extragalactic astronomy and cosmology; she researches black holes and the first stars of the universe. Webster has a doctoral degree from Cambridge University and has held postdoctoral positions at the University of Toronto and University of Melbourne.

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
Pitt Island (Canada)
Pitt Island is an island located on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada.
The island is of cultural and ecological importance.

Pitt island is located between Banks Island, across Grenville Channel (part of the Inside Passage) from the mainland, and is separated from Banks Island by Principe Channel. The island is mountainous and heavily dissected by valleys, fjords, and inlets and has an area of 1,368 square kilometres (528 sq mi), is 90 kilometres (56 mi) long, and ranges from 8 to 23 kilometres (5.0 to 14.3 mi) wide. Its highest point is at 962 metres (3,156 ft).

Pitt Island is the only island in British Columbia known to host a resident population of moose.

Inlet
An inlet is a typically long and narrow indentation of a shoreline such as a small arm, cove, bay, sound, fjord, lagoon or marsh, that leads to an enclosed larger body of water such as a lake, estuary, gulf or marginal sea.
Canton of Château-Landon
The canton of Château-Landon is a French former administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Fontainebleau, in the Seine-et-Marne département (Île-de-France région). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 15 communes, which joined the canton of Nemours in 2015.

Arrondissement of Fontainebleau
The arrondissement of Fontainebleau is an arrondissement of France in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region. It has 85 communes. Its population is 156,450 (2021), and its area is 1,228.5 km2 (474.3 sq mi).
Lionel Greenstreet
Lionel Greenstreet (20 March 1889 – 13 January 1979) was the first officer of the Endurance and a member of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917, for which he was awarded the Polar Medal.  When he died on 13 January 1979, he was the last survivor of the Weddell Sea party within the expedition.

Chief mate
A chief mate (C/M) or chief officer, usually also synonymous with the first mate or first officer, is a licensed mariner and head of the deck department of a merchant ship. The chief mate is customarily a watchstander and is in charge of the ship's cargo and deck crew. The actual title used will vary by ship's employment, by type of ship, by nationality, and by trade: for instance, chief mate is not usually used in the Commonwealth, although chief officer and first mate are; on passenger ships, the first officer may be a separate position from that of the chief officer that is junior to the latter.

The chief mate answers to the captain for the safety and security of the ship. Responsibilities include the crew's welfare and training in areas such as safety, firefighting, search and rescue.

The mate on a fishing vessel may be called the second hand.