hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Medical explanations of bewitchment
Medical explanations of bewitchment, especially as exhibited during the Salem witch trials but in other witch-hunts as well, have emerged because it is not widely believed today that symptoms of those claiming affliction were actually caused by bewitchment. The reported symptoms have been explored by a variety of researchers for possible biological and psychological origins.

Modern academic historians of witch-hunts generally consider medical explanations unsatisfactory  in explaining the phenomenon and tend to believe the accusers in Salem were motivated by social factors‍—‍jealousy, spite, or a need for attention‍—‍and that the extreme behaviors exhibited were "counterfeit," as contemporary critics of the trials had suspected.

Claviceps purpurea
Claviceps purpurea is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forage plants. Consumption of grains or seeds contaminated with the survival structure of this fungus, the ergot sclerotium, can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. C. purpurea most commonly affects outcrossing species such as rye (its most common host), as well as triticale, wheat and barley. It affects oats only rarely.
Pádraig Hampsey
Pádraig Hampsey (born 15 April 1994) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the Coalisland club and the Tyrone county team.

He started at corner-back for Tyrone in the 2018 All-Ireland Final defeat to Dublin.

In May 2021, he was named captain of Tyrone ahead of the NFL, and became the third Tyrone captain to lift the Sam Maguire Cup, following Tyrone's victory over Mayo in the 2021 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

Tyrone county football team
The Tyrone county football team (/tɪˈroʊn/) represents Tyrone GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in the Gaelic sport of football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Tyrone's home ground is Healy Park, Omagh. The current team manager is Malachy O'Rourke. Their longest-standing and fiercest rivalry is with Armagh, one of their geographic neighbors in Ulster. The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 2021, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2021 and the National League in 2003.
Riggae
Al-Riggae (Arabic: الرقعي) is an area of the Farwaniya Governorate, Kuwait, located in the southwest of the centre of Kuwait City. The Al-Riggae area is distinguished by its location between the Fourth and Fifth Ring Road (its four borders between Andalus, Al-Rai, Ardiya and Shuwaikh). It includes the Courts Complex, the Public Authority for Youth and Sports, and The Avenues Mall, one of the largest malls in Kuwait. The region is divided into the old and the new Al-Riggae.

Shuwaikh
Shuwaikh (Arabic: الشويخ) is a seaside district of Kuwait City in Kuwait. It comprises eight blocks. Shuwaikh also has an industrial area, the nation's key port that shares the district's name, a commercial area, a healthcare area and an education area; all of which form their own census-designated districts.
Ballast
Ballast is dense material used as a weight to provide stability to a vehicle or structure. Ballast, other than cargo, may be placed in a vehicle, often a ship or the gondola of a balloon or airship, to provide stability. A compartment within a boat, ship, submarine, or other floating structure that holds water is called a ballast tank. Water can be moved in and out from the ballast tank to balance the ship.  In a vessel that travels on the water, the ballast will be kept below the water level, to counteract the effects of weight above the water level. The ballast may be redistributed in the vessel or disposed of altogether to change its effects on the movement of the vessel.

Ship stability
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity, centers of buoyancy, the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
Pygopterus
Pygopterus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Wuchiapingian to Olenekian ages (late Permian to Early Triassic epochs) in what is now England, Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Saxony-Anhalt), Greenland and Svalbard (Spitsbergen). It is one of the few genera of ray-finned fish known to cross the Permian-Triassic boundary.

Fossils have been found in the Marl Slate Formation, Kupferschiefer (Werra Formation), Ravnefjeld Formation, Vikinghøgda Formation and Buntsandstein. A report about the discovery of this fish in Westphalian deposits of Belgium was likely caused by the presence of Nematoptychius which was referred to as Pygopterus in late 19th century.

Marl Slate Formation
The Marl Slate Formation is a geological formation in England. Despite its name, it is mostly dolomite rock. The Marl Slate Formation was formed about 273 to 259 million years ago, during the Guadalupian and Lopingian epochs of the late Permian period of the Earth's geological history. This formation is part of the Zechstein Group of rocks, and is equivalent to the Kupferschiefer of Germany. The Marl Slate Formation contains fossils including the conodont Mesogondolella britannica and the dorypterid fishes Dorypterus and Lekanichthys, as well as the gliding reptile Weigeltisaurus and terrestrial reptile Protorosaurus The Marl Slate Formation outcrops in County Durham and Yorkshire in north-east England.
Klamelia
Klamelia, named after the district in which it was found, is an extinct Eutriconodontid of the family Klameliidae. It inhabited northwestern China during the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian age). Klamelia was discovered in 1984 and is known from highly fragmentary remains, with only a dentary and some of its associated teeth being found. There is only one accepted species of Klamelia, K. zhaopengi, which is named after Zhao Xijin and Peng Xiling, paleontologists who collected the holotype specimen.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Cyperus afromontanus
Cyperus afromontanus is a species of sedge that is endemic to an area in Uganda. It is a "a perennial or rhizomatous geophyte and grows primarily in the subtropical biome." The species was first formally described by the botanist Kåre Arnstein Lye in 1983.

Kåre Arnstein Lye
Kåre Arnstein Lye  (9 March 1940 – 24 March 2021) was a Norwegian botanist and field biologist.

This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Lye when citing a botanical name.

Lye was born in Bryne in south western Norway and studied at the University of Oslo. In 1968 he was employed as a scientific assistant at the former Agricultural University of Norway in the Department of Botany. In 1973 he was appointed to the Norwegian College of Agriculture (later the Norwegian University of Life Sciences) and became a professor in 1994 and remained there until his retirement in 2010.

He was regarded as an authority on sedges and revised flora releases in tropical countries, often in Africa. Most of his published works were for the families Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Juncaceae and Poaceae.
William Ogburn House
The William Ogburn House is a historic ruin located north of East Peru, Iowa, United States. This 1½-story limestone structure is an early example of a vernacular farm house, and the only known saltbox residence known to exist in Madison County. It is attributed to David Harris who used innovative design variations that were not used by other local masons.  The stone of the main facade is composed of finished cut quarry faced stone laid two against one with broken bond within courses.  The other elevations are composed of rubble limestone.  It also features quoins and jambs of finished cut quarry faced stone.  The house suffered a fire so only the stone walls remain.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Madison County, Iowa
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,548. The county seat is Winterset. Madison County is included in the Des Moines–West Des Moines, IA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Madison County is famous for being the county where John Wayne was born, and for a number of covered bridges. These bridges were featured in Robert James Waller's 1992 novella The Bridges of Madison County, as well as the 1995 film and 2014 musical based on it.
Arthur Stanley Roe
Arthur Stanley Roe FRCSE FRACS  (16 April 1885 – 19 July 1966) was an Australian medical doctor from Brisbane, and the first Rhodes Scholar from Queensland when he was awarded the scholarship in 1904. Educated at Brisbane Grammar School, he attended Balliol College at Oxford University.

He was the son of Reginald Heber Roe, who was the first vice-chancellor of the University of Queensland, and Annie Maud Whish, daughter of Claudius Buchanan Whish.

Brisbane Grammar School
Brisbane Grammar School (BGS) is a prestigious independent, fee charging, non-denominational, day and boarding school for boys in Spring Hill, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is the second oldest secondary school in Queensland. Some of the Brisbane Grammar School Buildings are listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.

Established in 1868 under the Grammar Schools Act that was passed by the Government of Queensland in 1860, the school has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 1500 students from Years 5 to 12, including around 100 boarders.

Brisbane Grammar School is affiliated with the Australian Boarding Schools Association (ABSA), the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), Independent Schools Queensland (ISQ), and is a founding member of the Great Public Schools' Association Inc (GPS).
Chiara Ingrao
Chiara Ingrao (born 25 April 1949) is an Italian politician.

Chiara Ingrao was the daughter of Pietro Ingrao and his wife Laura Lombardo Radice. She was born in Rome on 25 April 1949. Ingrao was a translator, and has written about her experience in a metalworking union. She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Democratic Party of the Left, and sat on the Legislature XI, which met between 1992 and 1994. Ingrao later served as an adviser to the Italian Minister for Equal Opportunities.

Democratic Party of the Left
The Democratic Party of the Left (Italian: Partito Democratico della Sinistra, PDS) was a democratic-socialist and social-democratic political party in Italy. Founded in February 1991 as the post-communist evolution of the Italian Communist Party, the party was the largest in the Alliance of Progressives and The Olive Tree coalitions. In February 1998, the party merged with minor parties to form Democrats of the Left. At its peak in 1991, the party had a membership of 989,708; by 1998, it was reduced to 613,412.
Kensington New Town
Kensington New Town is an area of housing in Kensington, London, which was developed in the early 19th century. It lies to the south of Kensington High Street and to the southwest of Kensington Gardens.

Kensington Gardens
Kensington Gardens, once part of the private gardens of Kensington Palace, are now among the Royal Parks of London and largely open to the public. The gardens are shared by the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and sit immediately to the west of Hyde Park, in west London. The gardens cover an area of 107 hectares (265 acres). The open spaces of Kensington Gardens, Hyde Park, Green Park, and St. James's Park together form an almost continuous "green lung" in the heart of London. Kensington Gardens are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Djibouti national under-17 football team
The Djibouti national under-17 football team, nicknamed the Sharks of the Red Sea, represents Djibouti in international youth football competitions. Its primary role is the development of players in preparation for the senior national team. The team competes in a variety of competitions, including the biennial FIFA U-17 World Cup and the U-17 Africa Cup of Nations, which is the top competitions for this age group.

FIFA U-17 World Cup
The FIFA U-17 World Cup, founded as the FIFA U-16 World Championship, later changed to U-17 in 1991 and to its current name in 2007, is the annual world championship of association football for male players with the age of up to 17 organized by Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). The reigning champions are Portugal, who won their first title at the 2025 tournament.
Dylan Evans (rugby union)
Dylan Evans (born 25 January 1989) is an Australian-born, Welsh-qualified, rugby union player who most recently played for the Scarlets at prop.

Evans made his debut for the Scarlets in 2015 having previously played Newcastle RFC, NSW Country as well as playing rugby for Sydney University, coming through the Brumbies Academy and completing a preseason with the Melbourne Rebels.

On 21 August 2020 it was announced that he joined Glasgow Warriors on a short-term loan deal. He was named straight in the 23 to play Edinburgh Rugby in the 1872 Cup.

Newcastle and Hunter Rugby Union
The Newcastle and Hunter Rugby Union is one of Australia's oldest rugby union organisations, with a history dating back to the mid 19th century. The union is based in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana
The COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Guyana on 11 March 2020. The first case was a woman who travelled from New York, a 52-year-old woman with underlying health conditions, including diabetes and hypertension. The woman died at the Georgetown Public Hospital.

Georgetown Public Hospital
Georgetown Public Hospital (GPHC), in Georgetown, Guyana, is the country's largest hospital. GPHC is the main teaching hospital in Guyana and serves as both a regional public hospital and as the national referral hospital.

Its Seaman's Ward, the oldest section, was constructed in 1838. The hospital is government-run with a capacity of 600 beds, although in 2005 not all were used due to staff shortages. GPHC's emergency department has an estimated annual volume of 75,000.

Guyana's first open-heart surgery was performed at the GPHS's Caribbean Heart Institute in 2007. In 2008, the first kidney transplant operation in Guyana was performed at the GPHC by US Army medical professionals for training and humanitarian purposes.

In 2010, GPHC began an Emergency Medicine training program. In 2015, GPHC received GY$80M worth of equipment from China for setting up a trauma centre.

The first abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery in Guyana was performed at GPHC in 2020.
North Caucasian Soviet Republic
North Caucasian Soviet Republic (Russian: Се́веро-Кавка́зская Сове́тская Респу́блика, Severo-Kavkazskaya Sovetskaya Respublika; 7 July 1918 – 11 January 1919) was a territory in the North Caucasus established to consolidate Soviet power during the Russian Civil War.  A republic of the Russian SFSR, it was created by merging the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic, the Stavropol Soviet Republic, and the Terek Soviet Republic. Its capital was Yekaterinodar; however, on August 16, 1918 Yekaterinodar was taken by Denikin's Volunteer Army, and the capital was moved to Pyatigorsk.

By the end of 1918, the majority of the republic's territory was captured by the White Army. On January 11 1919, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee abolished the republic.

Pyatigorsk
Pyatigorsk (Russian: Пятиго́рск; Circassian: Псыхуабэ, Psıxwabæ) is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the Podkumok River, about 20 kilometers (12 mi) from the town of Mineralnye Vody, which has an international airport, and about 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Kislovodsk. Since January 19, 2010, it has been the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. Population:  142,511 (2010 Census); 140,559 (2002 Census); 129,499 (1989 Soviet census).
Odo Fusi Pecci
Odo Fusi Pecci, (29 June 1920 – 20 March 2016) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Fusi Pecci was born in Cingoli, Italy, and was ordained a priest on 19 December 1942. He was appointed Bishop of the Diocese of Senigallia on 15 July 1971, where he would remain until his retirement on 21 January 1997. He died in March 2016.

Diocese of Senigallia
The Diocese of Senigallia (Latin: Dioecesis Senogalliensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in the Marche, Italy. It has existed since the sixth century. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo.
Waterfront Park (Seattle)
Waterfront Park is a public park on the Central Waterfront, Downtown, Seattle, Washington, USA. Designed by the Bumgardner Partnership and consultants, it was constructed on the site of the former Schwabacher Wharf (Pier 58). The original park closed in September 2020 after a failed inspection; the pier was completely removed by February 2021. A replacement park began construction in 2022 and is scheduled to open in 2025.

Schwabacher Brothers
The Schwabacher Brothers—Louis Schwabacher (1837 – June 3, 1900), Abraham (Abe) Schwabacher (c. 1838 – September 7, 1909), and Sigmund (Sig) Schwabacher (May 14, 1841 – March 20, 1917)—were pioneering Bavarian-born Jewish merchants, important in the economic development of the Washington Territory and later Washington state. They owned several businesses bearing their family name, first in San Francisco, then in Walla Walla, Washington, and later in Seattle. Notable among these businesses were Schwabacher Bros. of San Francisco (wholesale grocery); Schwabacher Bros. & Company (later Pacific Marine Schwabacher), the Schwabacher Realty Company, the Gatzert-Schwabacher Land Company, and the Schwabacher Hardware Company, all ultimately based in Seattle; and the Stockton Milling Company.
Braulio
Braulio is a given name.

Braulio Estima, a Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner and mixed martial artist

Braulio García, a Spanish singer-songwriter who is often credited as "Braulio"

Braulio Guerra, a Mexican politician

Braulio Luna, a Mexican football player

Braulio Mari, a Spanish singer-songwriter

Braulio Musso (1930–2025), a Chilean footballer

Braulio Nóbrega, a Spanish football player

Braulio of Zaragoza, a Bishop of Zaragoza

Braulio, a liqueur from Valtellina, Italy

Bráulio (footballer) (born 1948), Bráulio Barbosa de Lima, Brazilian football midfielder

Braulio of Zaragoza
Braulio (Latin: Braulius Caesaraugustanus; 585–651 AD) was bishop of Zaragoza and a learned cleric living in the Kingdom of the Visigoths. Both as pastor and writer, he is one of the most celebrated of saints of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania that lasted from the 5th to the 8th century (see History of Spain).
Harry Keough
Harry Joseph Keough (November 15, 1927 – February 7, 2012) was an American soccer defender who played on the United States national team in their 1–0 upset of England at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. He spent most of his club career in his native St. Louis, winning a national junior championship, two National Challenge Cup and seven National Amateur Cup titles. He coached the Saint Louis University men's soccer team to five NCAA Men's Soccer Championships. The Keough Award, named after him, his brother Bill, and his son Ty Keough, is presented each year to the outstanding St. Louis–based male and female professional or college soccer player.

NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament was formally held in 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. Among the most successful programs, Saint Louis won 10 titles during dynasty years between 1959 and 1973. Indiana has won 8 titles beginning in 1982, whereas Virginia has won 7 titles beginning in 1989.

Although the tournament is frequently referenced as the "College Cup", the NCAA applies the title only to the semifinal and championship rounds of the tournament proper. Since the tournament began, the semifinal and final fixtures have been held at a neutral site predetermined by the NCAA before starting the regular season.
Paddy O'Toole
Patrick O'Toole (15 January 1938 – 11 May 2025) was an Irish Fine Gael politician.

O'Toole was nominated by the Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave to the 13th Seanad in 1973. He was elected to Dáil Éireann on his second attempt at the 1977 general election as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála for Mayo East. O'Toole was one of just a handful of new Fine Gael TDs in the biggest landslide election victory for Fianna Fáil.

He served in both cabinets of Garret FitzGerald in the 1980s, as Minister for the Gaeltacht (1981–1982, 1982–1987), Minister for Tourism, Fisheries and Forestry (1982–1986, 1987) and Minister for Defence (1986–1987). He retained his Dáil seat at each general election until losing it at the 1987 general election. He was nominated to the 17th Seanad to fill a vacancy after the general election. He then retired from politics.

O'Toole died on 11 May 2025, at the age of 87.

1987 Irish general election
The 1987 Irish general election to the 25th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 17 February, four weeks after the dissolution of the 24th Dáil on 20 January by President Patrick Hillery, on the request of Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald. A continuing crisis over public finance and a rejection of the budget had led to the Labour Party withdrawing from the Fine Gael–led coalition government. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas. There were minor amendments to constituency boundaries under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1983.

The 25th Dáil met at Leinster House on 10 March to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Charles Haughey was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 20th government of Ireland, a minority single-party Fianna Fáil government.
Emilia Gómez Bravo
Emilia Patricia Gómez Bravo (born 6 October 1954) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. As of 2014 she served as Senator of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing the Federal District.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.