hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qian Daxin
Qian Daxin (simplified Chinese: 钱大昕; traditional Chinese: 錢大昕; Wade–Giles: Ch'ien Ta-hsin; 1728–1804) was a Qing dynasty scholar-official, historian, and linguist. He served as a commissioner of education and examinations in Guangdong Province.

As a proponent of kaozheng approach, Qian Daxin criticized moralizing ("praise and blame") interpretations of the Spring and Autumn Annals and argued that the importance of history should be deemed as valid as importance of the classics.

The diplomat Qian Qichen, who served as China's Foreign Minister and Vice Premier, was a descendant of Qian Daxin.

Kaozheng
Kaozheng (Chinese: 考證; lit. 'search for evidence'), alternatively called kaoju xue (考據學; 'evidential scholarship') was a Chinese school of thought emphasizing philology that was active during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) from c. 1600 to 1850. It was most prominent during the reigns of the Qianlong Emperor and Jiaqing Emperor; because of this, it is often also referred to as the  Qian–Jia school (乾嘉學派). Their approach corresponds to that of modern textual criticism, and was also associated with empiricism as regards scientific topics.
William Davey
Christianity portal

William Davey (28 July 1825, Thorpe, Norwich – 26 March 1917, Llandaff) was Dean of Llandaff from 1897 until 1913.

Davey was educated at Charterhouse and Lincoln College, Oxford. He was a Master at Marlborough College before becoming a tutor of Chichester Theological College, then Cuddeson, and finally St David's College, Lampeter. He was a Prebendary of St David's Cathedral from 1876 until 1895; and Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Llandaff from 1895 to 1905.

St Davids Cathedral
St Davids Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Tyddewi) is a Church in Wales cathedral situated in St Davids, Britain's smallest city, in the county of Pembrokeshire, near the most westerly point of Wales.
Forbes baronets of Monymusk (1626)
The Forbes baronetcy, of Pitsligo and Monymusk in the County of Aberdeen, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 30 March 1626 for William Forbes, with remainder to heirs male whatsoever. He was a descendant of Duncan Forbes, second son of James Forbes, 2nd Lord Forbes (see the Lord Forbes).

The 8th Baronet assumed the additional surname and arms of Hepburn. He was the heir general of the last Lord Forbes of Pitsligo (his ancestor, the 4th Baronet, having married Hon. Mary, daughter of Alexander Forbes, 3rd Lord Forbes of Pitsligo). His only child, Harriet Williamina, married Charles Henry Rolle Trefusis, 20th Baron Clinton. On the Baronet's death in 1828 the Forbes of Pitsligo estates passed to his daughter and son-in-law (see the Baron Clinton). The 7th Baronet married Williamina Wishart, only child and heiress of Sir John Belshes Wishart (later Stuart), 4th Baronet. The 10th Baronet assumed the additional surname of Stuart.

Aberdeenshire (historic)
Aberdeenshire or the County of Aberdeen (Scots: Coontie o Aiberdeen, Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) is a historic county in Scotland. The county gives its name to the modern Aberdeenshire council area, which covers a larger area than the historic county. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975, but its boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a registration county. The area of the historic county excluding the Aberdeen City council area is also a lieutenancy area.

The area is generally hilly. The south-west of the county includes part of the Grampian Mountains. The historic county borders Kincardineshire, Angus and Perthshire to the south, Inverness-shire and Banffshire to the west, and the North Sea to the north and east.
2001 Heineken Open – Singles
Magnus Norman was the defending champion of the singles event at the Heineken Open tennis tournament, held in Auckland, New Zealand, but did not compete that year.

Dominik Hrbatý won in the final 6–4, 2–6, 6–3 against Francisco Clavet.

Magnus Norman
Magnus Norman (born 30 May 1976) is a Swedish former professional tennis player and current coach. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), in June 2000. Norman won twelve ATP Tour singles titles, including a Masters event at the 2000 Rome Masters, and was runner-up at a major at the 2000 French Open.

Since retiring from the sport in 2004, Norman has coached Thomas Johansson, Robin Söderling, and Stan Wawrinka. He owns the Good to Great Tennis Academy. Among its students are Wawrinka, Gaël Monfils, and Grigor Dimitrov. Norman also plays bandy, a sport he played in his youth before deciding to concentrate on tennis.
Merle (surname)
Merle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carole Merle (born 1964), French former alpine skier

Foulques du Merle (died 1314), Marshal of France

Frank Merle (mathematician) (born 1962), French mathematician

Georges Merle (1851–1886), French painter

Guy du Merle (1908–1993), French aeronautical engineer, test pilot and writer

Hugues Merle (1823–1881), French painter; father of Georges Merle

Leo Merle (born 1998), American Paralympic athlete

Matthieu Merle (c. 1548 – after 1587), Huguenot captain in the Wars of Religion

Natasha C. Merle (born 1983), American lawyer and judge

Olivier Merle (born 1965), French former rugby union footballer

Pierre Hugues Victoire Merle (1766–1830), French general of the Napoleonic Wars

Robert Merle (1908–2004), French novelist

Olivier Merle
Olivier Merle (born 14 November 1965 in Chamalières, Puy-de-Dôme) is a former French rugby union player. He played as a lock. He was known by several nicknames, including "La Merluche" and "Le Massif Central". He was known for his violent play and after headbutting Ricky Evans the Welsh prop in Paris
causing a ruck to collapse on him breaking his ankle, resulted in his being sued successfully in the courts for damages. This was the first case of its kind and BBC video evidence was used in court. After that he never played for France again.

Merle started his career at ASM Clermont Auvergne, moving then to RC Vichy.
Freedom (Beyoncé song)
"Freedom" is a song by the American singer Beyoncé featuring the American rapper Kendrick Lamar. It is the tenth track on her sixth studio album, Lemonade (2016), released through Parkwood Entertainment and Columbia Records. The song's music video is part of Beyoncé's 2016 film Lemonade, aired on HBO alongside the album's release. In the years since, the song has become an anthem for various social and political movements, most notably Kamala Harris' 2024 presidential campaign.

Beyoncé performed the song live as part of the set list of The Formation World Tour (2016), and at the 2016 BET Awards with Lamar. It received a nomination for Best Rap/Sung Performance at the 2017 Grammy Awards.

The song contains samples of "Let Me Try" (1969) by Kaleidoscope, as well as "Collection Speech/Unidentified Lining Hymn" (1959) and "Stewball" (1947), performed by Prisoner "22" at Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman.

Parkwood Entertainment
Parkwood Entertainment is an American management, production, entertainment company and record label founded by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé in 2008. The company began as a production unit for films and videos in 2008. It has offices located in New York City and Los Angeles, complete with recording studios, film editing suites, and a vault/archive. Its involvements include products for music production, motion pictures and television specials related to Beyoncé. Its debut projects were co-executive-produced films Cadillac Records and Obsessed.
Mark R. Bacon
Mark Reeves Bacon (February 29, 1852 –  August 20, 1941) was a lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.

Bacon was born in Phillipstown, Illinois, and attended the public schools there. He taught school at the Academy in Bolivar, Missouri in 1871. He studied law, was admitted to the bar on July 4, 1876, and commenced practice in Fairfield, Illinois. He was the city attorney of Fairfield and a delegate to several State conventions.

Bar (law)
In law, the bar is the legal profession as an institution. The term is a metonym for the line (or "bar") that separates the parts of a courtroom reserved for spectators and those reserved for participants in a trial such as lawyers.

In the United Kingdom, the term "the bar" refers only to the professional organization for barristers (referred to in Scotland as advocates); the other type of UK lawyer, solicitors, have their own body, the Law Society. Correspondingly, being "called to the bar" refers to admission to the profession of barristers, not solicitors.
Lago di Doberdò
Lake Doberdò (Italian: Lago di Doberdò, Slovene: Doberdobsko jezero) is the name of a sinkhole in the Province of Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. It is located on the westernmost edge of the Karst (Italian: Carso, Slovene: Kras) plateau, close to the border with Slovenia. It is named after the village of Doberdò del Lago (Slovene: Doberdob).

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italian: [friˈuːli veˈnɛttsja ˈdʒuːlja]) is one of the 20 regions of Italy and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The regional capital is Trieste on the Gulf of Trieste, a bay of the Adriatic Sea.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia has a population of 1,194,095 in an area of 7,924.36 square kilometres (3,059.61 sq mi) as of 2025. A natural opening to the sea for many central European countries, the region is traversed by the major transport routes between the east and west of Southern Europe. It encompasses the historical-geographical region of Friuli and a small portion of the historical region of Venezia Giulia—also known in English as the Julian March—each with its own distinct history, traditions and identity.
Northumberland County Division
The Northumberland County Division was a formation of the British Army in the Second World War, its headquarters were formed on 24 February 1941. It ceased to function on 1 December 1941, and the headquarters were disbanded on 21 December 1941. It was commanded by Major-General R. C. Money and was an infantry only formation consisting of three Independent Infantry Brigades (Home). Combat support, artillery, engineers etc., would be provided by other local formations. It was commanded by X Corps until 9 April, IX Corps until 30 November and War Office control from then until disbandment.

X Corps (United Kingdom)
X Corps was a corps of the British Army that served in the First World War on the Western Front before being disbanded in 1919. The corps was re-formed in 1942 during the Second World War and saw service in the North African Campaign and the Italian Campaign where it came under command of the US Fifth Army and the British Eighth Army.
Boban Jančevski
Boban Jančevski - Janker (Macedonian: Бобан Јанчевски - Јанкер) (born 30 April 1978, Vienna, Austria) is a Macedonian retired football striker who last played for FK Teteks in the Macedonian Second League.

Macedonian First Football League
The Macedonian First Football League (Macedonian: Прва македонска фудбалска лига), also called Macedonian First League, 1. MFL, and Prva Liga, is the highest professional football competition in North  Macedonia. It is a professional league competition for football clubs located at the top of the  Macedonian football league system and has been operating since the 1992–93 season. It is organized by the Football Federation of Macedonia.
Parmaylovo
Parmaylovo (Russian: Пармайлово; Komi-Permyak: Пармайыл, Parmajyl) is a rural locality (a village) in Yukseyevskoye Rural Settlement, Kochyovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 40 as of 2010. There are 3  streets. Parmaylovo is home to an open air Museum of Wooden sculptures created by local artist Yegor Utrobin.

Kochyovsky District
Kochyovsky District (Russian: Кочёвский райо́н; Komi-Permyak: Кӧчладор район, Köćlador rajon) is an administrative district (raion) of Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kochyovsky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the krai. The area of the district is 2,700 square kilometers (1,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kochyovo. Population:  11,167 (2010 Census); 12,856 (2002 Census); 14,188 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kochyovo accounts for 31.4% of the district's total population.
Election audit
An election audit is any review conducted after polls close for the purpose of determining whether the votes were counted accurately (a results audit) or whether proper procedures were followed (a process audit), or both.

Both results and process audits can be performed between elections for purposes of quality management, but if results audits are to be used to protect the official election results from undetected fraud and error, they must be completed before election results are declared final.

Election recounts are a specific type of audit, with elements of both results and process audits.

American Statistical Association
The American Statistical Association (ASA) is the main professional organization for statisticians and related professionals in the United States. It was founded in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 27, 1839, and is the second-oldest continuously operating professional society in the U.S. behind the Massachusetts Medical Society (founded in 1781). ASA services statisticians, quantitative scientists, and users of statistics across many academic areas and applications. The association publishes a variety of journals and sponsors several international conferences every year.
Rivière-des-Prairies station
Rivière-des-Prairies station (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ de pʁɛʁi]) is a commuter rail station operated by Exo in the borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is served by the Mascouche line.

The station is located parallel to Boulevard Maurice-Duplessis at the corner of Rue Saint-Jean-Baptiste in Rivière-des-Prairies. Two tracks run through the station, but only one is served by the station's single low-level side platform on the north side of the tracks. There is no station building, with the platform exiting directly onto the sidewalk. The station is wheelchair accessible. The station's parking lot and bus terminus are located across Boulevard Maurice-Duplessis from the station.

A sculpture by Gilles Mihalcean entitled J'arrive is located in the parking lot.

Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles
Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ de pʁɛʁi pwɛ̃t o tʁɑ̃bl]) is a suburban borough (arrondissement) on the eastern tip of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  It is located at the eastern end of the Island of Montreal.
Ozyorsky District
Ozyorsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia.

Modern districts

Ozyorsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, an administrative district of Kaliningrad Oblast

Former districts

Ozyorsky District, Moscow Oblast, a former administrative and municipal district of Moscow Oblast, which existed until May 2015

Ozyorsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast
Ozyorsky District (Russian: Озёрский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 877 square kilometers (339 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ozyorsk. Population: 15,316 (2010 Census); 17,239 (2002 Census); 16,089 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ozyorsk accounts for 30.9% of the district's total population.
Stelling
Stelling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Beth Stelling (born 1986), American stand-up comedian and writer

Billy Stelling (born 1969), Dutch cricket player

Christopher Paul Stelling (born 1982), American singer-songwriter

Irene Stelling (born 1971), Danish women's footballer

Jack Stelling (1924–1993), English footballer

Jeff Stelling (born 1955), English journalist and television presenter

Johannes Stelling (1877–1933), German activist and politician

Jos Stelling (born 1945), Dutch film director

Max Stelling (born 1994), English rugby union player

Jack Stelling
John Graham Surtees Stelling (23 May 1924 – 29 March 1993) was an English footballer who played for Sunderland as a full back. He signed from Sunderland after being found playing for Non League side Usworth Colliery after the Second World War. Stelling made his first appearance for Sunderland on 5 January 1946 against Grimsby Town in a 3–1 win at Blundell Park. During his time at Sunderland spanning from 1946 until 1956 he had made 259 league appearances scoring 8 goals. Shortly after he retired from playing football in 1956.
Lester Balaski
Lester Anthony Balaski (June 21, 1915 – September 1, 1964) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey, a soldier who served his country during World War II, and a founding director and a First Vice-President of the Jockeys' Guild who died as a result of injuries suffered in an August 22, 1964, racing accident at Agua Caliente Racetrack in Mexico. A resident of Chula Vista, California, he had been transported from the racetrack to Mercy Hospital in San Diego, California where he died ten days later.

Scripps Mercy Hospital
Scripps Mercy Hospital is a private Catholic hospital in San Diego, California.  Founded in 1890, it is the oldest hospital in San Diego County and has campuses in Chula Vista and Hillcrest.  The hospital has 700 acute-care-licensed beds and employs 1,300 physicians. The Hillcrest campus is home to one of four regional Level I Trauma Centers and receives more than 2,100 trauma patients each year.
Old Madiwala Someshwara Temple, Bengaluru
Old Madiwala Sri Someshwara Temple located in Bangalore city (also Bengaluru), Karnataka, India is dedicated to the deity Someshwara (the Hindu god Shiva). It is one among the oldest temples in the city and dates back to the Chola Empire period. The temple belongs to the early 12th century.(1247 AD).

The temple houses a "Swayambu" Shiva lingam in it Sanctum Sanctorum (Shiva lingam formed by natural Rock Formation). But unlike other ancient temples in Bangalore, this temple is in good shape and cared well by people around.

Svayambhu
Svayambhu (Sanskrit: स्वयम्भू, romanized: Svayambhū, lit. 'self-born') is a Sanskrit word that means "self-born", "self-manifested", "self-existing", or "that that is created by its own accord". Various deities and entities featured in Hindu literature and tradition are regarded to be svayambhu, such as Brahman in the Upanishads, and the Trimurti of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, and Manu in the Puranas.

The term svayambhu is also used to describe the belief of a self-manifested image (murti) of a deity present in a temple, which is described to be not of human creation, but of natural or divine origin. Such images are described in some of the regional legends of religious sites called the sthala puranas. Some of the best examples of such images include the twelve Jyotirlinga images of Shiva, and Venkateswara image of Vishnu.
Little Mountain Pictograph Site
Little Mountain Pictograph Site is a historic archaeological site located near Blackstone, Nottoway County, Virginia. It is a winter solstice observation site that probably dates post-1400 AD and is Mississippian. It was recorded and published by the Virginia Rockart Survey. The three glyphs are located inside a cave or shallow shelter. They are a track glyph, hand glyph, and undefined glyph that appears to be a sun.  The glyphs are in shadow all year except during the winter solstice, when the sun travels far enough south to illuminate the inside of the wall containing the glyphs.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Nottoway County, Virginia
Nottoway County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,642. Its county seat is Nottoway.  It is situated south of the James River, thus making it a part of the Southside Virginia Region.
Wendy Brown (sprinter)
Wendy Lee Brown MBE (née Urquhart, born 21 November 1950) is a former New Zealand sprinter. She represented her country at the 1974 and 1978 Commonwealth Games, Brown was selected for the 1982 Commonwealth Games but withdrew from the team due to injury.
Brown was the New Zealand record-holder over 100 and 200 meters between 1974 and 1985. She won six New Zealand national sprinting titles between 1971 and 1981.

New Zealand at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games
New Zealand at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games was represented by a team of 142 competitors and 33 officials. Selection of the team for the Games in Christchurch, New Zealand, was the responsibility of the New Zealand Olympic and British Commonwealth Games Association. New Zealand's flagbearer at the opening ceremony was field athlete Warwick Nicholl. The New Zealand team finished fourth on the medal table, winning a total of 35 medals, nine of which were gold.

New Zealand has competed in every games, starting with the British Empire Games in 1930 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Białka Gorge near Krempachy
The Białka Gorge near Krempachy  (Polish: Przełom Białki, literally "Białka River Gorge") is a landscape nature reserve in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in Nowy Targ County. It is located in the towns of Krempachy and Nowa Biała (Nowy Targ commune), a small part of it also lies in the town of Trybsz (Łapsze Niżne commune). It is the gorge of the Białka river.

The reserve lies within the boundaries of the Southern Małopolska Protected Landscape Area and the Białka Valley Natura 2000 habitat area PLH120024 (Dolina Białki).

Trybsz
Trybsz [trɨpʂ] (Slovak: Tribš) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łapsze Niżne, within Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

It is one of the 14 villages in the Polish part of the historical region of Spiš (Polish: Spisz). Beginning in the 16th century it was being mentioned in documents as Trepsia or Trepschya.

The biggest landmark in the village is a wooden church from the 16th century. Dedicated to St. Elisabeth of Hungary, inside polychromes represent the Catholic saints and scenes from the Bible. Dating back to 1647, they were laid out by the parish priest Jan Ratulowski of Frydman, but their author remains unknown.

St. Elisabeth of Hungary church
Ray Smith (rugby league)
Raymond James Smith is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He was a two-time premiership winning centre with the St George Dragons in the New South Wales Rugby League competition.

New South Wales Rugby League premiership
The New South Wales Rugby League premiership was the first rugby league football club competition established in Australia and contributor to today's National Rugby League. Run by the New South Wales Rugby League (initially named the New South Wales Rugby Football League) from 1908 until 1994, the premiership was the state's elite rugby league competition, parallel to Queensland's first-class league, the Brisbane Rugby League.

For most of the premiership's history it was contested by clubs from the state of New South Wales only, but later attempted to grow into a nationwide competition, eventually leading to the competition being played under the auspices of the Australian Rugby League in 1995.  Despite this name, the 1995 and 1996 Australian Rugby League Premierships competitions were still administered by the Board and staff of the New South Wales Rugby League.