hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ned Cobb
Ned Cobb (also known as Nate Shaw) (1885–1973) was an African-American tenant farmer born in Tallapoosa County in Alabama. He joined the Sharecroppers' Union (SCU) in 1931, which was founded the same year. His oral history was written up in book form.

Tenant farmer
A tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord, while tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. Depending on the terms of their contract, tenants may make payments to the owner either of a fixed portion of the product, cash, or a combination. The rights the tenant has over the land, the form, and measures of payment vary across systems (geographically and chronologically). In some systems, the tenant could be evicted at whim (tenancy at will); in others, the landowner and tenant sign a contract for a fixed number of years (tenancy for years or indenture). In most developed countries today, at least some restrictions are placed on the rights of landlords to evict tenants under normal circumstances.
Xinit
The xinit program allows a user to manually start an X display server. The startx script is a front-end for xinit.

By default, xinit and startx start an X display server pointing to a display device that is enumerated as :0 and then start an xterm on it. When the xterm terminates, xinit and startx kill the X display server. In general, xinit and startx can start an arbitrary server and run an arbitrary script. Typically, this script runs a number of programs and a window manager.

Two alternative methods for starting an X display server are by using a display manager and by starting the X server and then manually starting one or more clients. On desktop Linux systems, a display manager is the most commonly used method.

Front end and back end
In software development, front end refers to the presentation layer that users interact with, while back end refers to the data management and processing behind the scenes. "Full stack" refers to both together. In the client–server model, the client is usually considered the front end, handling most user-facing tasks, and the server is the back end, mainly managing data and logic.
Fambul Tok
Fambul Tok is a 2011 American documentary film about an organization that aims at reconciliation and forgiveness in communities that were affected by a long-running civil war in Sierra Leone. The film was directed by journalist Sara Terry and it premiered at the South by Southwest film festival. The title of the film is the organization's name, which translates to "family talk" in the Krio language. The film has received mixed reviews from critics. An epilogue to the film documented the community's reconciliation process with one of the major perpetrators of violence during the war.

Krio language
The Sierra Leonean Creole or Krio is an English-based creole language that is the lingua franca and de facto national language spoken throughout the West African nation of Sierra Leone. Krio is spoken by 96 percent of the country's population, and it unites the different ethnic groups in the country, especially in their trade and social interaction with each other. Krio is the primary language of communication among Sierra Leoneans at home and abroad, and has also heavily influenced Sierra Leonean English. The language is native to the Sierra Leone Creole people, or Krios, a community of about 104,311 descendants of freed slaves from the West Indies, United States and the British Empire, and is spoken as a second language by millions of other Sierra Leoneans belonging to the country's indigenous tribes. English is Sierra Leone's official language, and Krio, despite its common use throughout the country, has no official status.
20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Eric Clapton
20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Eric Clapton is a compilation album by the British rock musician Eric Clapton. It was released on 15 June 2004, by Polydor Records and is part of Universal's 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection series.

Let It Rain (Eric Clapton song)
"Let It Rain" is a song and single written and released by the British rock musician Eric Clapton and Bonnie Bramlett; it appears on his 1970 debut studio album Eric Clapton. In 1972 it was released as a single as part of the promotion for his compilation album Eric Clapton at His Best.

Like Clapton's "Strange Brew", the song was originally recorded with other lyrics. The original version, titled "She Rides", is available on the expanded edition of the album.
Louise Ringsing
Louise Ringsing (born 20 August 1996) is a Danish footballer who plays as a defender for Næstved Boldklub in the Danish Women's 1st Division.

She has played for the Danish youth teams several times and has also appeared for the Denmark women's national under-23 team, but she hasn't made international debut for the Danish national team.

B-Liga
B-Liga (formerly the Danish Women's 1st Division) is an association football league in Denmark and the second-highest division of the Danish football league system. Contested by 8 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation within the Danish Women's Football League.
Loch Gabhar
Loch Gabhar (Lagore) is an area in the barony of Ratoath, County Meath, Ireland. It is located between the villages of Ratoath and Dunshaughlin and is the origin of the names of the townlands of Lagore Big (Loch Gabhar Mór) and Lagore Little (Loch Gabhar Beag).

The name has two interpretations. One is "Lake of (the) Goats" and the other is Loch dá Gabhar as  "Lake of (the) Two Horses", explained in the eleventh-century Dindsenchas as the place where Gáeth ("Wind") and Grían ("Sun"), the horses of Eochu, king of Munster were drowned, using a literary homonym gabhar meaning "horse" rather than "goat".

Lagore is also home to the Lagore crannóg, the Irish royal residence of the 7th to 10th centuries.

During excavations of the site a number of bronze items were found, including weapons and brooches. These finds included the Lagore Brooch, which can now be found at the National Museum of Ireland on Kildare Street in Dublin.

Dindsenchas
Dindsenchas or Dindshenchas (modern spellings: Dinnseanchas or Dinnsheanchas or Dınnṡeanċas), meaning "lore of places" (the modern Irish word dinnseanchas means "topography"), is a class of onomastic text in early Irish literature, recounting the origins of place-names and traditions concerning events and characters associated with the places in question. Since many of the legends being related also concern the acts of mythic and legendary figures, the dindsenchas has been an important source for the study of Irish mythology.
Amala Akkineni
Amala Akkineni (born 12 September 1967) is an Indian actress, Bharatanatyam dancer, and activist. She has predominantly worked in Tamil films, in addition to Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam, and Kannada-language films. She was a leading actress in the Tamil film industry from 1986 to 1992 and has appeared in many blockbusters in Tamil and other languages. She has won two Filmfare Awards South, namely Best Actress – Malayalam for the 1991 film Ulladakkam and Best Supporting Actress – Telugu for the 2012 film Life Is Beautiful. Amala is the co-founder of Blue Cross of Hyderabad, a non-government organisation (NGO) in Hyderabad, India, which works towards the welfare of animals and preservation of animal rights in India.

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Elenore
"Elenore" is a 1968 song by the Turtles, originally included on The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands. Although written by Howard Kaylan, its writing was co-credited to all five members of the band: Kaylan, Mark Volman, Al Nichol, Jim Pons, and John Barbata. The song was written as a satire of their biggest pop hit "Happy Together."

Jim Pons
Jim Pons (born March 14, 1943) is an American bassist, author, singer, and video director who most notably played for the Leaves (1964–1967), the Turtles (1967–1970), and the Mothers of Invention (1970–1971), and Flo & Eddie (1971-1973).

After leaving the music scene in 1973, he worked as a video director for the  New York Jets, and briefly the Jacksonville Jaguars. Pons designed the Jets team logo that was used from 1978 to 1997.
Stege and Waidbach
Stege and Waidbach are two small rivers in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, forming a pseudobifurcation. This means, they are linked by a waterbody that is drained in both directions. The common top section is fed by sources in small valleys at the eastern slope of Kühlung hills. The northern part, Stege, flows into the Mühlenfließ in Bad Doberan. The southern part, Waidbach, flows into the Beke near Ziesendorf.

River bifurcation
River bifurcation (from Latin: furca, fork) occurs when a river (a bifurcating river) flowing in a single channel separates into two or more separate streams (called distributaries) which then continue downstream. Some rivers form complex networks of distributaries, typically in their deltas. If the streams eventually merge again or empty into the same body of water, then the bifurcation forms a river island.

River bifurcation may be temporary or semi-permanent, depending on the strength of the material that is dividing the two distributaries. For example, a mid-stream island of soil or silt in a delta is most likely temporary, due to low material strength. A location where a river divides around a rock fin, e.g. a volcanically formed dike, or a mountain, may be more lasting as a result of higher material strength and resistance to weathering and erosion. A bifurcation may also be man-made, for example when two streams are separated by a long bridge pier.
Nguni (surname)
Nguni is an African surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacob Nguni (1956–2015), Cameroonian singer and guitarist

Sylvester Nguni (born 1955), Zimbabwean politician

Tehn Diamond (Tendai Ryan Nguni, born 1985), Zimbabwean singer-songwriter

Tehn Diamond
Tendai Ryan Nguni (born 17 January 1985), known professionally as Tehn Diamond or Tehn, is a Zimbabwean rapper and a singer-songwriter. He is a member of the hip-hop collective Few Kings, known for their collaborative album releases. Tehn Diamond also appeared in the Zimbabwean feature film Cook Off, which became the first Zimbabwean film to be released on Netflix.
Russian ship of the line Retvizan (1855)
Retvizan (Russian: Ретвизан) was a wooden-hulled, steam-powered, 84-gun third-rate ship of the line built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1850s. The ship served with the Baltic Fleet until she was stricken from the Navy List in 1880. During that time she was deployed in the Mediterranean for two years. Her engine was removed in 1863 and Retvizan became a training ship in 1874.

Baltic Fleet
The Baltic Fleet (Russian: Балтийский флот, romanized: Baltiyskiy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.

Established 18 May 1703, under Tsar Peter the Great as part of the Imperial Russian Navy, the Baltic Fleet is the oldest Russian fleet. In 1918, the fleet was inherited by the Russian SFSR which then founded the Soviet Union in 1922, where it was eventually known as the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet as part of the Soviet Navy, as during this period it gained the two awards of the Order of the Red Banner. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Baltic Fleet was inherited by the Russian Federation and reverted to its original name as part of the Russian Navy.

The Baltic Fleet is headquartered in Kaliningrad and its main base is in Baltiysk (Pillau), both in Kaliningrad Oblast, while another base is in Kronstadt, Saint Petersburg, in the Gulf of Finland.
Andy Everest
Andrew Sibley Everest (October 27, 1924 – December 21, 2014) was an American football player and coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at UC Santa Barbara from 1970 to 1971, compiling a record of 5–17. Everest was the athletic director at North Texas State University—now known as the University of North Texas—from 1979 to 1981.

Everest twice served as an assistant to coach Hayden Fry, first at SMU and later at North Texas State.

SMU Mustangs football
The SMU Mustangs football team is a college football team representing Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Dallas County, Texas. The Mustangs compete in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). SMU joined the ACC in July 2024 after eleven years as a member of the American Athletic Conference (AAC).
Harper Lake
Harper Lake is a dry lake located in the Mojave Desert near the small community of Lockhart, California, in northwestern San Bernardino County of Southern California. The lake is accessible from Harper Lake Road, which runs north off of State Route 58 midway between Boron and Barstow.

California State Route 58
State Route 58 (SR 58) is a major east-west state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs across the Coast Ranges, the southern San Joaquin Valley, the Tehachapi Mountains, which border the southern Sierra Nevada, and the Mojave Desert. It runs between U.S. Route 101 near Santa Margarita and Interstate 15 in Barstow. It has junctions with Interstate 5 near Buttonwillow, State Route 99 in Bakersfield, State Route 202 in Tehachapi, State Route 14 near Mojave, and U.S. Route 395 at Kramer Junction. SR 58 also provides access to Edwards Air Force Base. At various points it is known as the Calf Canyon Highway, Carrisa Highway, Bakersfield-McKittrick Highway, Rosa Parks Highway, Westside Parkway, Barstow-Bakersfield Highway, Bakersfield Tehachapi Highway, Kern County Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway, and Mojave-Barstow Highway.
Eiskar
The Eiskar is the only existing glacier in the Carnic Alps, a mountain range in Austria and Italy. It is a typical cirque glacier that, thanks to its shady location and to avalanche breaks in its catchment area, has been able to survive at the relatively low height of 2160–2390 metres above sea level. Although the ice sheet in good times could calve over a rock wall down to the pasture of Valentinalm below, currently it is rapidly becoming a sheet of dead ice. In the period 2007–2014, however, no significant retreat was observed.
The glacier may be accessed from below up a klettersteig, and from above quite easily via the Kellerwand rock face. Remains of defensive positions witness to the mountain war of 1915-1918.

Cirque glacier
A cirque glacier is formed in a cirque, a bowl-shaped depression on the side of or near mountains. Snow and ice accumulation in corries often occurs as the result of avalanching from higher surrounding slopes.
If a cirque glacier advances far enough, it may become a valley glacier. Additionally, if a valley glacier retreats enough that it is within the cirque, it becomes a cirque glacier again.

In these depressions, snow persists through summer months, and becomes glacier ice.  Snow may be situated on the leeward slope of a mountain, where it is sheltered from wind.  Rock fall from above slopes also plays an important role in sheltering the snow and ice from sunlight. If enough rock falls onto the glacier, it may become a rock glacier.

Randklufts may form beneath corrie glaciers as open space between the ice and the bedrock, where meltwater can play a role in deposition of the rock.
Arlt
Arlt is a surname. Notable people with the name Arlt include:

Carl Ferdinand von Arlt (1812–1887), Austrian ophthalmologist

Fritz Arlt (1912–2004), German Nazi Party official

Johannes Arlt (born 1984), German politician

Lewis Arlt, American director, actor, and writer

Paul Theodore Arlt (1914–2005), American painter

Mirta Arlt (1923–2014), Argentine writer and theatre scholar

Roberto Arlt (1900–1942), Argentine writer

Tobias Arlt (born 1987), German luger

Willi Arlt (1919–1947), German footballer

Lewis Arlt
Lewis Arlt is an American director, actor, and writer. He has been nominated for Daytime Emmys (Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime, 1979, and Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team, 1995), and four Writers Guild of America Awards (he has won three times: 1993 (Loving), 1994 (General Hospital), and 1995).
China Behind
China Behind (再見中國) is a 1974 Hong Kong movie, directed by Tang Shu Shuen. The film painted a bleak portrait of communist China and the desire to escape, yielding a thirteen-year ban by British colonial authorities, that was lifted in 1987.

The film was shot in Taiwan with official authorization, and the cinematography was done by renowned Taiwanese photographer Chang Chao-Tang (張照堂).

Tang Shu Shuen
Tang Shu Shuen (Chinese: 唐書璇; pinyin: Táng Shūxuán; born 1941) is a Hong Kong film director, best known for her innovative films The Arch (1968) and China Behind (1974).  Though her film career was brief, she was a trailblazer for socially critical art cinema in Hong Kong's populist film industry, as well as its first noted woman director, and one of the few Chinese women directors working in cinema during the 1960s and 70s.
Makhlynets
Makhlynets (Ukrainian: Махлинець, Polish and German Machliniec) is a village in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Hnizdychiv settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Makhlynets is located 16.8 km due east of Stryi, Ukraine.

Stryi
Stryi (Ukrainian: Стрий, IPA: [strɪj] ⓘ; Polish: Stryj) is a city in Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the left bank of the Stryi River, approximately 65 kilometres (40 mi) south of Lviv in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. It serves as the administrative center of Stryi Raion within the oblast. Stryi also hosts the administration of Stryi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 59,425 (2022 estimate).
Scolypopa australis
Scolypopa australis, commonly known as the passionvine hopper, is a species of insect in the Ricaniidae family of planthoppers (Fulgoroidea) that is native to Australia and was introduced to New Zealand. Despite its name, they are found not only on passion vines, but on many plant species, including kiwifruit and the lantana. Brown with partly transparent wings, they are 5–6 mm long as adults and 5 mm as nymphs. As an adult they look somewhat like a moth to the untrained eye, and walk "like a ballerina". The nymphs are wingless and are informally known as fluffy bums. When sufficiently aroused they will hop off their plant "with a 'snap'". Like all planthoppers they suck plant sap. This leaves a honeydew secretion which bees gather.

Nymph (biology)
In biology, a nymph (from Ancient Greek νύμφα nūmphē meaning "bride") is the juvenile form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis (hemimetabolism) before reaching its adult stage.  Unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult, except for a lack of wings (in winged species) and the emergence of genitalia. In addition, while a nymph moults, it never enters a pupal stage. Instead, the final moult results in an adult insect. Nymphs undergo multiple stages of development called instars.
Pablo Zarnicki
Pablo Zarnicki (born 12 November 1972) is an Argentine chess player.

He won at Mar del Plata 1989.
In 1992, Zarnicki won the World Junior Chess Championship at Buenos Aires.

He represented Argentina in five Chess Olympiads.

In 1992, at second reserve board in 30th Chess Olympiad in Manila (+3 –1 =5);

In 1994, at fourth board in 31st Chess Olympiad in Moscow (+8 –0 =5);

In 1996, at third board in 32nd Chess Olympiad in Yerevan (+5 –1 =6);

In 2002, at third board in 35th Chess Olympiad in Bled (+3 –1 =7);

In 2006, at first reserve board in 37th Chess Olympiad in Turin (+5 –2 =2).

He won individual silver medal on board four at Moscow 1994.

Zarnicki was awarded with the Konex Award as one of the 5 best chess players of the decade in his country. He was awarded the Grandmaster title in 1994.

37th Chess Olympiad
The 37th Chess Olympiad (Italian: Le 37° Olimpiadi degli scacchi), organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women's tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between May 20 and June 4, 2006, in Turin, Italy. There were 148 teams in the open event and 103 in the women's event. In total, 1307 players were registered.

Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Geurt Gijssen (Netherlands). Teams were paired across the 13 rounds of competition according to the Swiss system. The open division was played over four boards per round, while the women's was played over three. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; 2. Match points; 3. The Sonneborn-Berger system; and 4. The Median Buchholz system.

The time control for each game permitted each player 90 minutes for all their moves, with an additional 30 seconds increment for each player after each move, beginning with the first.
1957–58 Federation Cup
The 1957–58 Federation Cup was the second season of the Turkish Federation Cup. The winner of the competition would represent Turkey at the 1958–59 European Cup. It was also the last edition of the Federation Cup, for the next season would be the Turkish First Football League. 38 clubs participated: 20 from Istanbul, 10 from İzmir, and 8 from Ankara. Beşiktaş won the title for the second time.

İzmir Football League
The İzmir Football League (Turkish: İzmir Futbol Ligi) was founded as a regional football league for İzmir based clubs in 1924. In the period from 1924 to 1935, the winners of the İzmir League qualified for the former Turkish Football Championship. In 1937 the first national league in Turkish football was introduced. The top two placed teams of the İzmir League qualified for the National Division, which took place after the conclusion of the regional leagues each season. The name of the league was changed later and became İzmir Professional Football League in the 1955–56 season, when professional football was introduced.

The league continued to be played after 1959, though it was no longer a first level competition since the professional nationwide league was introduced in 1959. Altay are the most successful club in league history, having won a record 14 championship titles.