hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrick Smyth (teacher)
Patrick Smyth (21 October 1893 – 29 May 1954) was a New Zealand  teacher, principal and educationalist. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngā  Puhi iwi. He was born in Pungaere, Northland, New Zealand in 1893. He published several books on te reo Māori including Maori pronunciation (1930), Maori pronunciation and the evolution of written Maori (1946) and Te reo Maori: a guide to the study of the Maori language (1939).

Ngāpuhi
Ngāpuhi (also known as Ngāpuhi-Nui-Tonu or Ngā Puhi) is a Māori iwi associated with the Northland regions of New Zealand centred in the Hokianga, the Bay of Islands, and Whangārei.

According to the 2023 New Zealand census, the estimated population of Ngāpuhi is 184,470. This compares to 125,601 in 2001, 102,981 in 2006, 122,214  in 2013. and 165,201 in 2018. It is formed from 150 hapū or subtribes, with 55 marae.

Despite such diversity, the people of Ngāpuhi maintain their shared history and self-identity. Te Rūnanga ā Iwi o Ngāpuhi, based in Kaikohe, administers the iwi. The Rūnanga acts on behalf of the iwi in consultations with the New Zealand government. It also ensures the equitable distribution of benefits from the 1992 fisheries settlement with the government, and undertakes resource management and education initiatives.
Everyone (Skins series 1)
"Everyone" is the ninth and final episode of the first series of the British teen drama Skins. It was written by Bryan Elsley and directed by Adam Smith. It first aired on E4 in the UK on 22 March 2007. Unlike the season's other episodes, it does not focus particularly on one character but on the group as a whole, a first for the show.

Skins series 1
Skins is a British teen drama created by father-and-son television writers Bryan Elsley and Jamie Brittain for Company Pictures. The first series began airing on E4 on 25 January 2007 and ended on 22 March 2007. This series sees the introduction of a new cast; it follows the lives of the first generation of sixth form students Tony Stonem, Michelle Richardson, Sid Jenkins, Cassie Ainsworth, Chris Miles, Jal Fazer, Maxxie Oliver and Anwar Kharral.
Heracles Papyrus
The Heracles Papyrus (Sackler Library, University of Oxford, Pap. Oxyrhynchus 2331) is a fragment of a 3rd-century Greek manuscript of a poem about the Labours of Heracles. It contains three unframed colored line drawings of the first of the Labors, the killing of the Nemean lion, set within the columns of cursive text. It was found at Oxyrhynchus (Pap. 2331) and is one of the few surviving scraps of classical literary illustration on papyrus. The fragment measures 235 by 106 mm.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
2003 Charlotte mayoral election
The Charlotte mayoral election of 2003 was held on 4 November 2003 to elect a Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina.  It was won by Republican incumbent Pat McCrory, who won a fifth consecutive term by defeating Democratic nominee Craig Madans in the general election.

Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina
The office of the Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina is currently held by Democrat Vi Lyles, who took office in December 2017 after defeating Republican Kenny Smith in the November election.

The office was established in 1853, when William F. Davidson was elected to serve as intendant. In 1861, the title was changed from intendant to mayor. Below is a list of people who have served as the mayor of Charlotte.

Charlotte mayors serve two-year terms and elections take place in off-years. The longest-serving mayor is Pat McCrory, who served from 1995 to 2009.
Olgunlar, Hakkâri
Olgunlar (Kurdish: Çemkan) is a village in the central district of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Kaşuran tribe and had a population of 195 in 2023.

The hamlets of Aşağıdereli (Çemkana jêrî), Stokan (Stoka) and Yukarıdereli (Çemkana jorî) are attached to Olgunlar.

Hakkâri Province
Hakkâri Province (pronounced [hacːaːɾi], Turkish: Hakkâri ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Colemêrg), is a province in the southeast of Turkey. It borders Van Province to the north, and Şırnak Province to the west. The administrative centre is the city of Hakkâri. Its area is 7,095 km2, and its population is 287,625 (2023). The current Governor is Ali Çelik. The province encompasses 8 municipalities, 140 villages and 313 hamlets. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

The province is a stronghold for Kurdish nationalism and a hotspot in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.
Treejumping
Treejumping is a form of parachuting, into a forest or jungle – typically, from a relatively low altitude. It is generally considered to be a particularly dangerous form of parachuting. Treejumping is also especially damaging to the parachuting equipment.

The technique was pioneered by the British Special Air Service Regiment in 1951 during the Malayan Emergency, when insertion into dense jungle was required to combat the insurgents of the Malayan National Liberation Army. Soldiers carried a 30-metre rope to enable them to abseil down from the forest canopy.

In the United States Army, there is one company of combat engineers, Bravo Company of the  27th Engineer Battalion (Combat)(Airborne), trained to intentionally jump into forested areas in order to create drop zones for follow-on forces. In 2008, the 27th Engineer Battalion (Combat)(Airborne) transformed, changing Bravo Company (Combat)(Airborne)(Rough Terrain) to the 57th Engineer Company (Airborne)(Sapper)(Rough Terrain).

Jungle
A jungle is land covered with dense forest and tangled vegetation, usually in tropical climates. Application of the term has varied greatly during the past century. Because jungles occur on all inhabited landmasses and may incorporate numerous vegetation and land types in different climatic zones, the wildlife of jungles cannot be straightforwardly defined.
Triumvirate
A triumvirate (Latin: triumvirātus) or a triarchy is a political institution ruled or dominated by three individuals, known as triumvirs (Latin: triumviri). The arrangement can be formal or informal. Though the three leaders in a triumvirate are notionally equal, the actual distribution of power may vary.

Informally, the term "triumvirate" may be used for any association of three.

Under the influence of the Soviet Union, the term troika (Russian: for "group of three") may be used for "triumvirate".

Hur (Bible)
Hur (Hebrew: חוּר, romanized: Ḥūr, also Chur) was a companion of Moses and Aaron in the Hebrew Bible. He was a member of the Tribe of Judah. His identity remains unclear in the Torah itself, but it is elaborated in rabbinical commentary.

Other individuals named Hur are also mentioned in the Bible.
Chróścin
Chróścin [ˈxruɕt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolesławiec, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Bolesławiec, 15 km (9 mi) south of Wieruszów, and 113 km (70 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieruszów
Wieruszów ([vjɛˈruʂuf]) is a town in south-central Poland with 8,446 inhabitants (2020). Situated in the southwestern part of Łódź Voivodeship, it is the seat of the Gmina Wieruszów and Wieruszów County. Wieruszów is located in the historical Wieluń Land. The town is situated along the Prosna river.
Wally Hicks
Matthew Walter Hicks (born September 11, 1976) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oregon. He served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015, representing District 3, which encompasses most of Josephine County, including the cities of Grants Pass and Cave Junction.

Josephine County, Oregon
Josephine County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 88,090. The county seat is Grants Pass. The county is named after Virginia Josephine Rollins (1834–1912), a settler who was the first white woman to live in the county's boundaries. Josephine County comprises the Grants Pass, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Medford-Grants Pass, OR Combined Statistical Area.
The Crazy Cajun
The Crazy Cajun can refer to:

Huey P. Meaux (1929–2011), American record producer, nicknamed The Crazy Cajun
Crazy Cajun Enterprises, cover company of recording studios including Capri Records owned by Huey P. Meaux
Crazy Cajun Records, recording studio and record label owned by Huey P. Meaux

"Crazy Cajun Cakewalk Band", 1967 song by Redbone on Redbone (album)

The Crazy Cajun Recordings, 1998 compilation album of Johnny Copeland music

Johnny Copeland
John Clyde Copeland (March 27, 1937 – July 3, 1997) was an American Texas blues guitarist and singer. In 1983, he was named Blues Entertainer of the Year by the Blues Foundation. He is the father of blues singer Shemekia Copeland.

In 2017, Copeland was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.
Texas A&M Wind Symphony
The Texas A&M Wind Symphony is a 63-member ensemble, representing "the finest wind and percussion players on the TAMU campus". The conductor of the Wind Symphony is Dr. Timothy Rhea and his assistant is Lt. Travis Almany. The band rehearses in the E.V. Adams Band Hall.

Wind instrument
A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator (usually a tube) in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set at or near the end of the resonator. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube and by manual modifications of the effective length of the vibrating column of air. In the case of some wind instruments, sound is produced by blowing through a reed; others require buzzing into a metal mouthpiece, while yet others require the player to blow into a hole at an edge, which splits the air column and creates the sound.
Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Pittsburgh
The Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Pittsburgh is an ecclesiastical territory or metropolis of the Greek Orthodox Church in the Ohio River Valley of the United States, encompassing the state of West Virginia, and the majority of the states of Ohio and Pennsylvania, except for the Greater Philadelphia area and the Western part of Ohio.

Part of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, it is led by a metropolitan bishop who serves as the priest of the mother church, St. Nicholas Cathedral in the City of Pittsburgh.

Metropolitan Savas was enthroned as the Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Bishop of Pittsburgh on December 8, 2011, following his election to that post by the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Phanar, Constantinople, Turkey.

Holy Synod
In several of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches and Eastern Catholic Churches, the patriarch or head bishop is elected by a group of bishops called the Holy Synod. For instance, the Holy Synod is a ruling body of the Georgian Orthodox Church.

In Oriental Orthodoxy the Holy Synod is the highest authority in the church and it formulates the rules and regulations regarding matters of church organization, faith, and order of service.
Pawłów, Sandomierz County
Pawłów [ˈpavwuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zawichost, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Zawichost, 14 km (9 mi) north of Sandomierz, and 81 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Adina Porter
Adina Elizabeth Porter is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Lettie Mae Thornton on the HBO fantasy horror series True Blood (2008–2014), Kendra James on the HBO drama series The Newsroom (2012–2014), Indra on the CW science fiction drama series The 100 (2014–2020) and Sheriff Susan Peterkin on the Netflix teen drama series Outer Banks.
She received further recognition for her roles as Sally Freeman, Lee Harris, Beverly Hope, Dinah Stevens, and Chief Burleson on the first, sixth, seventh, eighth, and tenth seasons of the FX anthology series American Horror Story (2011–present).

Porter began her acting career appearing on Off-Broadway stage, winning the Obie Award in 1996 for Venus. She made her Broadway debut in the 2001 revival of The Women. For her work in American Horror Story, she has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Saturn Awards.

Saturn Awards
The Saturn Awards are American awards presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. The awards were created to honor science fiction, fantasy, and horror in film, but have since grown to reward other films belonging to genre fiction, as well as television and home media releases. The Saturn Awards were created in 1973 and were originally referred to as Golden Scrolls.
Wilby, Missouri
Wilby is an unincorporated community in northern Butler County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on Missouri Route O approximately seven miles north of Poplar Bluff. It sits on the east margin of the Black River floodplain at an elevation of 361 feet. The community of Hilliard lies three miles to the south-southeast along the Black River. The Missouri Pacific Railway passes the west side of the community along the Black River floodplain. The community lies within the Mark Twain National Forest. Powers Creek flows north of the community.

The community was most likely named after Wilby, a railroad employee.

Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad (reporting mark MP), commonly abbreviated as MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S, NO&LC, T&P, and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois.

Union Pacific Corporation, the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad, agreed to buy the Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific, the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997.
Ținutul Olt
Ținutul Olt (draft version: Ținutul Jiu) was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands") founded in 1938, after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration. Roughly corresponding to the historical region of Oltenia and named after the Olt River and the Jiu River, it had its capital in the city of Craiova. Ținutul Olt ceased to exist following the territorial losses of Romania to the Axis powers and the king's abdication in 1940.

Jiu (river)
The Jiu (Romanian: [ʒiw] ⓘ; Hungarian: Zsil [ʒil]; German: Schil or Schiel; Latin: Rabon) is a river in southern Romania. It is formed near Petroșani by the confluence of headwaters Jiul de Vest and Jiul de Est.

It flows southward through the Romanian counties Hunedoara, Gorj, and Dolj before flowing into the Danube near Zăval, a few kilometers upstream from the Bulgarian city of Oryahovo. It is 339 kilometres (211 mi) long, including its source river, Jiul de Vest. It has a basin of 10,430 km2 (4,030 sq mi). Its average discharge at the mouth is 97 m3/s (3,400 cu ft/s).

The upper Jiu Valley, around Petroșani and Lupeni, is Romania's principal coal mining region.
2013 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl
The 2013 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 21, 2013, at Bronco Stadium on the campus of Boise State University in Boise, Idaho.  The seventeenth annual Famous Idaho Potato Bowl, it featured the Buffalo Bulls of the Mid-American Conference against the San Diego State Aztecs of the Mountain West Conference.  It began at 3:30 p.m. MST and aired on ESPN.  It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season.  San Diego State defeated Buffalo, 49–24.

Boise State University
Boise State University (BSU) is a public research university in Boise, Idaho, United States. Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church, it became an independent junior college in 1934 and has been awarding baccalaureate and master's degrees since 1965. It became a public institution in 1969.

Boise State offers more than 100 graduate programs, including a variety of MBA programs and the MAcc program in the College of Business and Economics; master's and PhD programs in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts & Sciences, and Education; MPA program in the School of Public Service; and the MPH program in the College of Health Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". In the 2024 fiscal year, Boise State reported total research awards exceeding $83 million and research expenditures surpassing $70 million.

The university's intercollegiate athletic teams, the Broncos, compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference.
Leif Mortensen
Leif Mortensen (born 5 May 1946) is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer. He won a silver medal in the individual road race at the 1968 Summer Olympics and in the road race at the 1970 UCI Road World Championships.

1970 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1970 UCI Road World Championships was the 37th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 16 August 1970 in Leicester, England. The race was won by Jean-Pierre Monseré of Belgium.
Gen. John J. Pershing Boyhood Home State Historic Site
Gen. John J. Pershing Boyhood Home State Historic Site in Laclede, Missouri, is maintained by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources as a state historic site. General John Joseph "Jack" Pershing led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I and attained the rank of General of the Armies. Pershing was born on a farm outside Laclede, but lived in the home from age six to adulthood. The historic site preserves and interprets the boyhood home and the one-room Prairie Mound School at which he taught for a year before attending West Point Military Academy. The home has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1969, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976.

Missouri Department of Natural Resources
The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) is a state department of Missouri responsible for protecting, managing, and interpreting the state's natural, cultural, and energy resources. The department consists of multiple divisions including the Division of Environmental Quality, the Division of Geology and Land Survey, the Division of State Parks, the Environmental and Energy Resources Authority, and the Field Services Division. Through its State Parks Division, the department oversees and operates Missouri state parks and historic sites.
Isophrictis anthemidella
Isophrictis anthemidella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found from most of Europe to the Caucasus and Central Asia.

The wingspan is 11–13 mm. Adults are on wing from May to August in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Pyrethrum corymbosom, Achillea ptarmica and Anthemis tinctoria. On calcareous slopes, the larvae have also been found feeding on the flowers of Anthemis trotzkiana.

Calcareous
Calcareous (/kælˈkɛəriəs/) is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is  used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
Tahtay Koraro
Tahtai Koraro (Tigrinya: ታሕታይ ቆራሮ, "Lower Koraro") is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Mi'irabawi Zone, Tahtai Koraro is bordered on the southwest by Asigede Tsimbela, on the north by La'ilai Adyabo, and on the southeast by Medebai Zana. The town of Inda Selassie is surrounded by Tahtai Koraro.

Local landmarks in this woreda includes Mai Adrasha, an archeological site showing an uninterrupted chronological range from the Pre-Axumite through the Late Axumite periods (c. 800 BC - AD 700) - an indication of the site's importance both as a long-lived habitation in the area, and as the westernmost known example of this chronological range.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Topra Kalan
Topra, combined name for the larger Topra Kalan and adjacent smaller Topra Khurd,  is a Mauryan Empire-era village in Yamunanagar district of Haryana state in India.  
It lies 14 km west of Yamunanagar, 14 km from Radaur and 90 km from Chandigarh.

Yamunanagar district
Yamunanagar district is one of the 22 districts of the Indian state of Haryana. The district came into existence on 1 November 1989 and occupies an area of 1,756 square kilometres (678 mi2). Yamunanagar town is the district headquarters.

Yamunanagar's average rainfall in Monsoon is 892 mm, which is much higher than the state average of 462 mm.

The district is bounded by Himachal Pradesh state in the north, by Uttar Pradesh state in the east, by Karnal district in the south, by Kurukshetra district in the southwest and Ambala district in the west.
The capital of First  Sikh Empire of Baba Banda Singh Bahudur in Lohgarh Fort and his first victories in towns of Sadhaura and Mustafabad are located in this District. Yamunanagar district's Kalesar, which is a hilly part of the district, is bordered with Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh, also home to Kalesar National Park is part of the Mahasu region culturally.
Manwal
Manwal is a town in Udhampur district of the Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It lies 28 km (17 mi) away from the district headquarters of Udhampur.

Manwal is a small town surrounded by the Shivalik Mountains. The Manwal railway station is located approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) from the main town area. Manwal is famous for an ancient Devi Bhagavati Temple which lies in the town. The Devi Bhagavati Temple was originally dedicated to Vishnu and dates back to the 10th or 11th century CE.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.