hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
People's Freedom Union
The People's Freedom Union was a left wing American political group which existed from 1919 to 1920. Established as a federation of liberal and radical organizations in New York City, the People's Freedom Union conducted marches in support of political prisoners detained under the Espionage Act during World War I, campaigned for a restoration of American civil rights suspended under the war, and agitated against American intervention in Mexico and Soviet Russia.

Pamphlet
A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a leaflet, or it may consist of a few pages that are folded and saddle stapled or sewn at the crease to make a simple book.

In the "International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals", UNESCO defines a pamphlet as "a non-periodical printed publication of 5 to 48 pages, excluding covers, published in a specific country and available to the public," while a book is "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, excluding covers." These definitions are intended solely for UNESCO's book production statistics.
1839 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The 1839 election of the Speaker of the House of Commons occurred on 27 May 1839. James Abercromby had retired due to failing health. The next day he was raised to the peerage as Baron Dunfermline.

Charles Shaw-Lefevre was proposed by Henry Handley and seconded by Stephen Lushington.

Henry Goulburn was proposed by Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn and seconded by John Wilson-Patten.

Both candidates addressed the House.

On the motion that Shaw-Lefevre take the Chair, he was elected by 317 votes to 299, a majority of 18.

Stephen Lushington (judge)
Stephen Lushington (14 January 1782 – 19 January 1873), generally known as Dr Lushington, was a British judge, Member of Parliament and a radical for the abolition of slavery and capital punishment. He served as Judge of the High Court of Admiralty from 1838 to 1867.
Lilivika Muimatagi
Lilivika Liumaihetau Muimatagi is a Niuean lawyer and politician.

As a candidate in the very small village of Toi in the 2002 general election, Muimatagi won the votes of eight of the eighteen voters, having lost to Dion Taufitu. In the 2005 elections, she won exactly the same number of votes as the incumbent MP, and was declared elected MP for Toi by a hat-draw. She did not run again in the 2008 elections, and won only three of the eighteen votes in the 2011 elections.

Toi, Niue
Toi is one of the fourteen villages of Niue, located in the north of the island, close to the highest point and consisting mostly of agricultural land. It is about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) northeast of the capital Alofi and the closest town is Hikutavake, a 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) drive westwards. Its population as of the 2022 census was 32, up from 17 in 2017.
Sant Joan les Fonts
Sant Joan les Fonts (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaɲ ʒuˈan ləs ˈfɔns]) is a municipality of the comarca of Garrotxa, located in Girona, Catalonia, northern Spain. As of 2014, the population is 2,919. Until 1949 it was known as Begudà.

It is part of the Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa Natural Park.

Fluvià
The Fluvià (Catalan pronunciation: [fluβiˈa]; Spanish: Fluviá) is a river in Catalonia.  It rises in the Serralada Transversal, passes through Olot and Besalú, and flows into the Mediterranean Sea near Sant Pere Pescador.  The ancient city of Empúries was founded near the mouth of the Fluvià, when it was 6 km south of its present location.
Phyllonorycter japonica
Phyllonorycter japonica is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan (the islands of Hokkaidō, Honshū, Kyūshū and Shikoku) and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 6–8 mm.

The larvae feed on Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Corylus heterophylla, Corylus mandshurica and Ostrya japonica. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Carpinus laxiflora
Carpinus laxiflora, the aka-shide, loose-flower hornbeam, or loose-flowered hornbeam, is a species of flowering plant in the family Betulaceae, native to the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. A deciduous tree of mountain forests, and typically 10 to 15 m (33 to 49 ft) tall, it is used in bonsai, and rarely as a park or street tree. It is available from commercial suppliers. In addition to the rather rustic unimproved species, a weeping form called 'Pendula', and a sport with variegated leaves called 'Variegata' are available.
Eastern Districts Football League
The Eastern Districts Football League is an Australian rules football league based in the eastern Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.  The league stretches from Southern Cross in the east, Hyden in the south, Corrigin in the west and Nukarni in the north.

Merredin, Western Australia
Merredin (/ˈmɛrədɪn/) is a town in Western Australia, located in the central Wheatbelt roughly midway between Perth and Kalgoorlie, on Route 94, Great Eastern Highway. It is located on the route of the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme, and as a result is also on the Golden Pipeline Heritage Trail.

It is connected by public transport to Perth via the Prospector and MerredinLink rail services.
Sierra Nevada Research Institute
The Sierra Nevada Research Institute (SNRI) is a research institute at the University of California, Merced. Established in 2007, it was UC Merced's first research institute. SNRI conducts interdisciplinary research in the Sierra Nevada and San Joaquin Valley, focusing on issues including climate change, water resources, and the effects of wildfires. The director as of 2025 is Asmeret Asefaw Berhe.

San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ⓘ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin and Kings counties, most of Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties, and parts of Madera and Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has four densely populated urban centers:  Stockton/Modesto, Fresno, Porterville/Visalia, and Bakersfield.
Stump Mitchell
Lyvonia Albert "Stump" Mitchell (born March 15, 1959) is an American football coach and former player who currently serves as the running backs coach for the West Georgia Wolves. He previously served in the same role for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He served as head football coach at Morgan State University from 1996 to 1998 and Southern University from 2010 to 2012, compiling an overall college football record of 14–42. Mitchell played collegiately at The Citadel and thereafter was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals. He was a running back and return specialist for the Cardinals from 1981 to 1989.

West Georgia Wolves football
The West Georgia Wolves football program represents the University of West Georgia (UWG) in college football. Previously an NCAA Division II team, they became a Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) program as a member of the United Athletic Conference (UAC), effective July 1, 2024.
Timeline of the Euromaidan
Euromaidan (Ukrainian: Євромайдан, romanized: Yevromaidan, lit. 'Euro Square', Russian: Евромайдан, Jevromajdán) was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on the night of 21 November 2013 with large public protests demanding closer European integration. Protesters also stated they joined because of the dispersal of protesters on 30 November and "a will to change life in Ukraine". The scope of the protests evolved over subsequent months, and by 25 January 2014 the protests were fueled by the perception of widespread government corruption, abuse of power, and violation of human rights in Ukraine. By February 2014 the protests had largely escalated into violence, resulting in the Revolution of Dignity and the resignation of Azarov's government and ousting of President Yanukovych. This resulted in the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Oleh Tyahnybok
Oleh Yaroslavovych Tyahnybok (Ukrainian: Олег Ярославович Тягнибок, born 7 November 1968) is a Ukrainian politician and far-right activist who is the leader of the Svoboda political party. He was a People's Deputy of Ukraine from 1998 to 2006, representing Lviv Oblast, and from 2012 to 2014 on the proportional list of Svoboda. Previously, he was elected councilman of the Lviv Oblast Council for the second session.
Institute of Experimental Medicine
The Institute of Experimental Education in St Petersburg is one of the oldest scientific establishments in Russia. It was founded by Alexander of Oldenburg in 1888 along the lines of Louis Pasteur's Pasteur Institute. It was here that Pavlov did much of his groundbreaking physiological research. The portal of the library is decorated with tiles created by Peter Vaulin between 1911 and 1913.

Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur, pronounced [ɛ̃stity pastœʁ]) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on 4 June 1887 and inaugurated on 14 November 1888.

For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has researched infectious diseases. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. It has also been responsible for discoveries that have enabled medical science to control diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague.

Since 1908, ten Institut Pasteur scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology—the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between two Pasteur scientists.
Monsimet Cove
Monsimet Cove (62°11′S 58°34′W﻿ / ﻿62.183°S 58.567°W﻿ / -62.183; -58.567) is a cove 0.5 nautical miles (1 km) west of Hervé Cove along the south side of Ezcurra Inlet, in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. It was first charted by the Fourth French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for a member of the expedition.

King George Island (South Shetland Islands)
King George Island (Argentinian Spanish: Isla 25 de Mayo, Brazilian Portuguese: Ilha do Rei George, Chilean Spanish: Isla Rey Jorge, Russian: Ватерло́о Vaterloo) is the largest of the South Shetland Islands, lying 120 km (75 miles) off the coast of Antarctica in the Southern Ocean.  The island was named after King George III.
Geneva steam bicycle
The Geneva steam bicycle was a steam powered motorcycle made by the Geneva Cycle Company, Geneva, Ohio, in the United States in the late 19th century, in 1896. An example was displayed at The Art of the Motorcycle exhibit created by the Guggenheim Museum. The naptha-fired steam engine is based on a design by Lucius Copeland.
The Geneva Cycle Company became part of the American Cycle Company about the turn of the century, and later the Geneva brand was acquired by the Pope and Westfield Manufacturing Companies.

Naphtha
Naphtha (/ˈnæfθə/, recorded as less common or nonstandard in all dictionaries: /ˈnæpθə/) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat.  In some industries and regions, the name naphtha refers to crude oil or refined petroleum products such as kerosene or diesel fuel.

Naphtha is also known as Shellite in Australia.
Ihara's lemma
In mathematics, Ihara's lemma, introduced by Ihara (1975, lemma 3.2) and named by Ribet (1984), states that the kernel of the sum of the two p-degeneracy maps from J0(N)×J0(N) to J0(Np) is Eisenstein whenever the prime p does not divide N. Here J0(N) is the Jacobian of the compactification of the modular curve of Γ0(N).

Eisenstein ideal
In mathematics, the Eisenstein ideal is an ideal in the endomorphism ring of the Jacobian variety of a modular curve, consisting roughly of elements of the Hecke algebra of Hecke operators that annihilate the Eisenstein series. It was introduced by Barry Mazur (1977), in studying the rational points of modular curves. An Eisenstein prime is a prime in the support of the Eisenstein ideal (this has nothing to do with primes in the Eisenstein integers).
2015 BBL Champions Cup
The 2015 BBL Champions Cup was a basketball game that was held on 27 September 2015. 2014–15 Basketball Bundesliga champions Brose Baskets faced off against 2015 BBL-Pokal winners EWE Baskets Oldenburg in the Brose Arena in Bamberg.

Brose Arena
Brose Arena (official spelling: brose ARENA) is the fourth largest multi-functional indoor arena in Bavaria, after the Olympic Hall and the SAP Garden in Munich and the Arena Nürnberger Versicherung in Nuremberg.
Lottery (short story)
"Lottery" (Hindi: लॉटरी, Urdu: لاٹری) is a Hindustani short story. It was written by Indian author Premchand. The story is told in narrative form from the perspective of an unnamed school teacher. The story has been adapted into play format, with theatrical performances presented by Lalit Parimoo's Natsamaj Theatre Group, as well as Mujeeb Khan's Ideal Drama and Entertainment Academy.

Premchand
Dhanpat Rai Srivastava (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand based on his pen name Premchand (pronounced [preːm t͡ʃənd̪] ⓘ), was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature.

Premchand was a pioneer of Hindi and Urdu social fiction. He was one of the first authors to write about caste hierarchies and the plight of women and labourers of the late 1880s. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of the early twentieth century. His works include Godaan, Karmabhoomi, Gaban, Mansarovar, and Idgah. He published his first collection of five short stories in 1907 in a book called Soz-e-Watan (Sorrow of the Nation).

His works include more than a dozen novels, around 300 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of Indian and foreign literary works into Hindi.
Ansouis
Ansouis (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃swi(s)]; Occitan: Ansoís) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Its economy depends primarily on tourism and agriculture (mostly viticulture).

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
Şirvanlı, Neftchala
39°10′13″N 49°13′39″E﻿ / ﻿39.17028°N 49.22750°E﻿ / 39.17028; 49.22750

Şirvanlı (known as Jarski until 1998) is a village and municipality in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 478.

Neftchala District
Neftchala District (Azerbaijani: Neftçala rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the southeast of the country and belongs to the Shirvan-Salyan Economic Region. The district borders Jalilabad and Bilasuvar Districts to the west, Salyan District to the north, Lankaran and Masally Districts to the south, and Caspian Sea to the east. Its capital and the largest city is Neftchala. As of 2020, the district had a population of 88,900.
Cortley Ridge raid
The Special Air Service (SAS), along with men from the Special Boat Squadron (SBS), attempted to carry out a diversionary amphibious raid on the northern bank of Stanley Harbour on the east coast of East Falkland island on the night of 13–14 June 1982. The plan was, as 2 PARA attacked Wireless Ridge, four Rigid Raider fast landing crafts (steered by Sergeant Buckle, Lance-Corporal Gilbert and Marines Kavanagh and Nordic) and carrying some 30 SAS soldiers from D Squadron and six SBS reinforcements from 3 section, would travel across the harbour and destroy the oil storage facilities on Cortley Ridge.

Rigid Raider
The Rigid Raider (RRC) is a series of fast raiding and assault craft made by RTK Marine, a subsidiary of Halmatic, part of BAE Systems Surface Ships. They are primarily in service with two branches of the British Armed Forces: The Royal Navy (incl. the Royal Marines and the Special Boat Service) and the British Army. Despite being among the smallest of the amphibious craft, the RRC is one of the most widely used due to its mobility and versatility. As such, the Rigid Raider often finds itself deployed in amphibious and riverine operations around the globe, in environments ranging from the Arctic to the tropics.
Locust Grove, Orange County, Virginia
Locust Grove is an unincorporated community in eastern Orange County, Virginia, United States. Its ZIP code is 22508, the population of the ZIP Code Tabulation Area was 14,748 at the time of the 2020 census making it the largest population center within the county. While Locust Grove has historically been centered on the intersection of State Routes 20 and 611, most of the current population and commercial activity is located along the State Route 3 corridor, several miles to the east. It is named after the Black Locust trees common to the area.

Virginia State Route 3
Virginia State Route 3 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia that extends from the town of Culpeper south and eastwardly to Gloucester in Virginia's Middle Peninsula region. For many years, a portion was named "Historyland Highway".
Mother Was a Rooster
Mother Was a Rooster is a 1962 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Robert McKimson. The cartoon was released on October 20, 1962, and features Foghorn Leghorn and the Barnyard Dawg. The voices are performed by Mel Blanc. It is the last-released cartoon scored by Milt Franklyn; Bill Lava would take over as composer for Looney Tunes cartoons starting with Good Noose until the cartoon department's closure in 1969.

Milt Franklyn
Milton J. Franklyn (born Milton Julius Frumkin; September 16, 1897 – April 24, 1962) was an American musical composer and arranger who worked on the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes animated cartoons, working alongside and later succeeding Carl Stalling.
Charter of Tywarnhayle
The charter of King Edgar to Eanwulf, granting land at Tywarnhayle and Bowsowsa in Cornwall, is an Anglo-Saxon charter dating to 960 A.D. It was produced in the scriptorium at Crediton and now resides in the Exeter Cathedral Library. It is mainly written in Latin with a short boundary clause written in old English at the end.

Scriptorium
A scriptorium (/skrɪpˈtɔːriəm/ ⓘ) was a writing room in medieval European monasteries for the copying and illuminating of manuscripts by scribes.

The term has perhaps been over-used—only some monasteries had special rooms set aside for scribes. Often they worked in the monastery library or in their own rooms. Most medieval images of scribing show single figures in well-appointed studies, although these are generally author portraits of well-known authors or translators. Increasingly, lay scribes and illuminators from outside the monastery also assisted the clerical scribes. By the later Middle Ages secular manuscript workshops were common, and many monasteries bought more books than they produced themselves.
Stara Korytnica
Stara Korytnica [ˈstara kɔrɨtˈnit͡sa] (German: Alt Körtnitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kalisz Pomorski, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) east of Kalisz Pomorski, 31 km (19 mi) south-east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 98 km (61 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Drawsko Pomorskie
Drawsko Pomorskie [ˈdrafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] (until 1948 Polish: Drawsko; German: Dramburg) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Drawsko County and the urban-rural commune of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 11,292. It is home to the Drawsko Training Ground, one of the largest training areas in Poland.
Mario Corti (skier)
Mario Corti was an early Italian Nordic combined skier and sports official.

Corti was the first Italian champion of Nordic combined and cross-country skiing, He was member of the 1901 founded Ski Club Torino, where he was the fourth president from 1920 to 1936. During this period he invented the legendary Trofeo Mezzalama. Meanwhile, he was also president of the Federazione Italiana dello Sci from 1922 to 1924.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).
Haguenau station
Haguenau station is a railway station serving the town Haguenau, Bas-Rhin department, northeastern France. It lies at the junction of the railway line from Strasbourg to Wissembourg, and the branch line to Niederbronn-les-Bains. The station is served by regional trains towards Strasbourg, Wissembourg and Niederbronn-les-Bains.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
USS Plover
USS Plover is a name the United States Navy has used more than once in naming a vessel:

USS Plover (AM-12), Lapwing-class minesweeper, but construction of this ship was cancelled 4 December 1918

USS Plover (AM-408), Admirable-class minesweeper, construction was cancelled on 11 August 1945

USS Plover (AMc-3), minesweeper purchased on 16 October 1940

USS Plover (AMS-33), laid down 12 October 1943 by Hiltebrant Dry Dock Co., Kingston, New York.

USS Plover (AMc-3)
USS Plover (AMc-3) was a Pipit-class coastal minesweeper acquired by the United States Navy for use in World War II. Her task was to clear minefields in coastal waterways.

Plover was originally built by Harbor Boat Building Co., Terminal Island, Long Beach, California in 1936 as the wooden hull fishing trawler M/V Sea Rover. She was purchased on 16 October 1940 from Mr. John Rados, converted to a coastal minesweeper at Martinolich Shipbuilding Company., San Pedro, California and placed in service on 25 June 1941.