hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George of Kratovo
Saint George of Kratovo (Bulgarian: Георги Софийски Нови, romanized: Georgi Sofiyski Novi, Serbian: Свети Ђорђе Кратовац, Macedonian: Свети Ѓорѓи Кратовски) was an Orthodox South Slavic writer and silversmith from Kratovo.

Silversmith
A silversmith is a metalworker who crafts objects from silver. The terms silversmith and goldsmith are not exact synonyms, as the techniques, training, history, and guilds are (or were, at least) largely the same but differed in that the end product may vary greatly (as may the scale of objects created).
Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array
The MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA) is a ground-based robotic dedicated exoplanet observatory. The facility is an array of small-aperture robotic telescopes outfitted for both photometry and high-resolution Doppler spectroscopy located at the U.S. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona. The project's principal investigator is the American astronomer Jason Eastman. The telescopes were manufactured by PlaneWave Instruments.

Doppler spectroscopy
Doppler spectroscopy (also known as the radial-velocity method, or colloquially, the wobble method) is an indirect method for finding extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.
As of January 2026, over 1,100 known extrasolar planets (about 19.0% of the total) have been discovered using Doppler spectroscopy.
Rugby union in Tonga
Rugby union is the national sport of Tonga. It is the most popular sport in the country. Tonga are considered to be a tier 2 rugby nation by the International Rugby Board.

Tonga has four main rugby playing islands, Vava'u (which produced players like Epi Taione), Ha'apai (which produced players like Jonah Lomu), ʻEua (which produced the Vunipola family, eight brothers who all played for the national team), and Tongatapu the major island in the Tonga island group.

ʻEua
ʻEua [ʔe.ˈu.a], formerly Middelburg Island, is an island in the kingdom of Tonga. It is close to Tongatapu, but forms a separate administrative division. It has an area of 87.44 km2 (33.76 sq mi), and a population in 2021 of 4,903 people. The island leads in agriculture, tourism, and some of the forestry helps the island economically.
Imidoyl chloride
Imidoyl chlorides are organic compounds that contain the functional group RC(NR')Cl.  A double bond exist between the R'N and the carbon centre.  These compounds are analogues of acyl chloride. Imidoyl chlorides tend to be highly reactive and are more commonly found as intermediates in a wide variety of synthetic procedures. Such procedures include Gattermann aldehyde synthesis, Houben-Hoesch ketone synthesis, and the Beckmann rearrangement. Their chemistry is related to that of enamines and their tautomers when the α hydrogen is next to the C=N bond.  Many chlorinated N-heterocycles are formally imidoyl chlorides, e.g. 2-chloropyridine, 2, 4, and 6-chloropyrimidines.

Hoesch reaction
The Hoesch reaction or Houben–Hoesch reaction is an organic reaction in which a nitrile reacts with an arene compound to form an aryl ketone. The reaction is a type of Friedel–Crafts acylation with hydrogen chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst.

The synthesis of 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) from phloroglucinol is representative: If two-equivalents are added, 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol is the product.

Hoesch reaction example, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone from phloroglucinol

An imine can be isolated as an intermediate reaction product. The attacking electrophile is possibly a species of the type R-C+=NHCl−. The arene must be electron-rich i.e. phenol or aniline type.  A related reaction is the Gattermann reaction in which hydrocyanic acid not a nitrile is used.

The reaction is named after Kurt Hoesch and Josef Houben who reported about this new reaction type in respectively 1915 and 1926.
KROE
KROE (930 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format. Licensed to Sheridan, Wyoming, United States, the station is currently owned by Lovcom, Inc. and features programming from CBS News Radio, Fox News Radio, NBC News Radio, Compass Media Networks, Genesis Communications Network, Premiere Networks, USA Radio Network, and Westwood One.

All Lovcom stations are located in the Sheridan Media Radio Center, at 1716 KROE Lane on Sheridan's East Side.

Compass Media Networks
Compass Media Networks is an American radio network. The company launched in January 2009.
 It is owned by former Westwood One CEO and former COO  of Connoisseur Media, Peter Kosann. The company focuses on radio and offers representation and marketing services for national radio.
Nai Phuan Ong
Nai Phuan Ong (born 10 September 1948 in Penang, Malaysia) is an American experimental physicist, specializing in "condensed matter physics focusing on topological insulators, Dirac/Weyl semimetals, superconductors and quantum spin liquids."

Semimetal
A semimetal is a material with a small energy overlap between the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band, but they do not overlap in momentum space. According to electronic band theory, solids can be classified as insulators, semiconductors, semimetals, or metals. In insulators and semiconductors the filled valence band is separated from an empty conduction band by a band gap. For insulators, the magnitude of the band gap is larger (e.g., > 4 eV) than that of a semiconductor (e.g., < 4 eV). Because of the slight overlap between the conduction and valence bands, semimetals have no band gap and a small density of states at the Fermi level. A metal, by contrast, has an appreciable density of states at the Fermi level because the conduction band is partially filled.
Cullen Bay (album)
Cullen Bay is an album by the Scottish traditional folk band The Tannahill Weavers, released in 1990. The band is joined on several tracks (Braw Burn the Bridges, Jenny Dang the Weaver and A Night Visitor's Song) by cittern-player Stuart Morison. Cullen Bay itself is at Cullen, Moray on the coast of the Moray Firth, west of Spey Bay between the towns of Elgin and Banff.  The album was recorded at Pierhouse Studios, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.
Togafau
Togafau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gaoteote Palaie Tofau (fl. 1998), American Samoan politician

Malaetasi Togafau (1946–2007), Attorney General of American Samoa

Pago Togafau (born 1984), American football player

Pago Togafau
Pago Faao'o Togafau (born January 10, 1984) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football for the Idaho State Bengals.

Togafau was also a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, New Orleans Saints, and Tennessee Titans.
Buffalo Independent School District
Buffalo Independent School District is a public school district based in Buffalo, Texas, United States.

The district is located in northern Leon County and extends into southern Freestone County.

In 2010, the school district was rated "Recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

Freestone County, Texas
Freestone County is a county in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 19,435. Its county seat is Fairfield. The county was created in 1850 and organized the next year.
Luigi Sacchi
Luigi Sacchi (August 4, 1805 – June 22, 1861) was an Italian painter and engraver, but is chiefly notable as an early photographer, active mostly around his native city of Milan.

He trained at the Accademia delle Belle Arti di Brera and worked both as a painter and an engraver before taking up photography in 1845 along with his brother, specialising in architectural photography. In 1859 the Sacchi brothers began publishing an art and photography magazine titled L'Artista from the studio of Pompeo Pozzi.

Brera Academy
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (lit. 'Academy of fine arts of Brera'), also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy.  It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni. In 2018 it was announced that Caserma Magenta was no longer a viable option, with the former railway yard in Via Farini now under consideration as a potential venue for the campus extension.
Plasterwork
Plasterwork is construction or ornamentation done with plaster, such as a layer of plaster on an interior or exterior wall structure, or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls.  This is also sometimes called pargeting. The process of creating plasterwork, called plastering or rendering, has been used in building construction for centuries.  For the art history of three-dimensional plaster, see stucco.

Calcination
Calcination is thermal treatment of a solid chemical compound (e.g. mixed carbonate ores) whereby the compound is raised to high temperature without melting with a restricted supply of oxygen (i.e. gaseous O2 fraction of air), generally for the purpose of removing impurities or volatile substances and/or to induce thermal decomposition.

The root of the word calcination refers to its most prominent use, which is to remove carbon and oxygen from limestone (calcium carbonate) through applying heat to yield calcium oxide (quicklime). This calcination reaction (which is endothermic) is CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g).

Calcium oxide is a crucial ingredient in modern cement, and is also used as a chemical flux in smelting. Industrial calcination generally emits carbon dioxide (CO2).

A calciner is a steel cylinder that rotates inside a heated furnace and performs indirect high-temperature processing (550–1150 °C, or 1000–2100 °F) within a controlled atmosphere.
Anna Żelazko
Anna Żelazko (born 15 April 1983) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a striker. She played for Czarni Sosnowiec, AZS Wrocław, Unia Racibórz and Górnik Łęczna. Żelazko has won seven championships with AZS and Unia, and she was the season's top scorer in 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2014.

She was a member of the Polish national team from 2001 to 2013.

Czarni Sosnowiec
Kolejowy Klub Sportowy Czarni Sosnowiec, commonly referred to as Czarni Sosnowiec, is a football club from Sosnowiec, Poland. The club was founded in 1924, and its home ground is the Jan Ciszewski's Stadium. It has a women's and a men's section.
39 Andromedae
39 Andromedae, abbreviated 39 And, is a double star in the northern constellation Andromeda. 39 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. Its apparent visual magnitude is 5.95, which indicates it is near the lower limit on visibility to the naked eye. The distance to this star, as estimated from its annual parallax shift of 9.57 mas, is 341 light years. It is a suspected member of the Ursa Major Moving Group, although King et al. (2003) list it as a probable non-member.

The brighter component is a confirmed Am star with a stellar classification of kA3hA7VmA9. This notation indicates its spectrum displays the calcium K line of an A3 star, the hydrogen lines of an A7 V, or A-type main-sequence star, and the metal lines of an A9 star. It is radiating 37 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,203 K. As of 2015, the magnitude 12.48 companion star is located at an angular separation of 20.5″ along a position angle of 3° from the primary.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
Hanley, Worcestershire
Hanley is a civil parish in the district of Malvern Hills in the county of Worcestershire, England.

Hanley William and Hanley Child are places within the parish.

Edmund Bonner (ca.1500 – 1569), Bishop of London, 1539-1549 & 1553-1559 was born in the village; an instrumental figure in the schism of Henry VIII from Rome.

Malvern Hills
The Malvern Hills are in the English counties of Worcestershire, Herefordshire and a small area of northern Gloucestershire, dominating the surrounding countryside and the towns and villages of the district of Malvern. The highest summit, known as the Worcestershire Beacon, affords a panorama of the Severn Valley, the hills of Herefordshire and the Welsh mountains, parts of thirteen counties, the Bristol Channel, and the cathedrals of Worcester, Gloucester and Hereford.

They are known for their spring water – initially from holy wells, and later the spa town of Great Malvern, which led to the production of the modern bottled drinking water.

The Malvern Hills have been designated as a biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest, and by Natural England as National Character Area 103 and an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Management of the area is the responsibility of the Malvern Hills Trust.
415 Records
415 Records was a San Francisco record label created in 1978. The label focused its efforts on local punk rock and new wave music acts of the late 1970s through the late 1980s, including The Offs, The Nuns, The Units, Romeo Void, and Wire Train. Its name, pronounced four-one-five (not four-fifteen), was a play on both the telephone area code for the San Francisco area and the California penal code section for disturbing the peace (indeed, in some promotional material, the phrase "disturbing the peace" was written underneath the 415 logo).  The label had a productive partnership with Columbia Records from 1981 until shortly before it was sold in 1989 to Sandy Pearlman, who retitled the label Popular Metaphysics.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
Polonaises Op. 40 (Chopin)
The twin Op. 40 Polonaises of the Polonaise in A major, Op. 40, No. 1 (nicknamed the Military Polonaise) and the Polonaise in C minor, Op. 40, No. 2 were composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1838. The one in A major he originally intended to dedicate to Tytus Woyciechowski, but in the end Chopin placed Julian Fontana’s name as the dedicatee on both works.

Arthur Rubinstein remarked that the Polonaise in A major is the symbol of Polish glory, whilst the Polonaise in C minor is the symbol of Polish tragedy.

Arthur Rubinstein
Arthur Rubinstein KBE OMRI (Polish: Artur Rubinstein; 28 January 1887 – 20 December 1982) was a Polish and American pianist. Widely regarded as one of the greatest pianists of all time, he received international acclaim for his interpretations of classical music compositions, particularly Chopin. Rubenstein played in public for eight decades with a vast repertoire consisting of Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Saint-Saëns, and Schumann, amongst others.
Anna Craycroft
Anna Craycroft (born 1975) is an American conceptual artist who works with a variety of media, including sculpture, installation, intervention and public engagement. Craycroft was born in Eugene, Oregon. She earned her BA from the Slade School of Fine Art and her MFA from Columbia University School of the Arts.

Slade School of Fine Art
The UCL Slade School of Fine Art (informally The Slade) is the art school of University College London (UCL) and is based in London, England. It has been ranked as the UK's top art and design educational institution. The school is organised as a department of UCL's Faculty of Arts and Humanities.
Tourism in Greenland
Tourism is a relatively young business sector of Greenland. Since the foundation of the national tourist council, Greenland Tourism, in 1992, the Home Rule Government (renamed 'Self Rule Government' in 2009) has been working actively with promoting the destination and helping smaller tourist providers to establish their services. Foreign travel agencies have increasingly been opening up sale of Greenland trips and tours, and the cruise industry has had a relatively large increase in routes to (or passing) Greenland since about the turn of the century.

The country has spectacular scenery and a few historic sites. The everyday life and local culture of Greenlanders is one of the main experiences for adventure travellers to Greenland.

The main tourist activities on offer are sailing tours among icebergs, dog sledding tours, ice cap treks, wildlife spotting (including whale watching), iceberg watching, and hiking trips to the mainly Norse ruins.

Whale watching
Whale watching is the practice of observing whales and dolphins (cetaceans) in their natural habitat. Whale watching is mostly a recreational activity (cf. birdwatching), but it can also serve scientific and/or educational purposes. A study prepared for International Fund for Animal Welfare in 2009 estimated that 13 million people went whale watching globally in 2008. Whale watching generates $2.1 billion per annum in tourism revenue worldwide, employing around 13,000 workers. The size and rapid growth of the industry has led to complex and continuing debates with the whaling industry about the best use of whales as a natural resource.
Tatyana Gubina
Tatyana Dmitriyevna Gubina (Татьяна Дмитриевна Губина, born 15 December 1977) is a Kazakhstani female water polo player. She was a member of the Kazakhstan women's national water polo team, playing as a centre back.

She was a part of the  team at the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics. On club level she played for Eurasia Rakhat in Kazakhstan.

Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's water polo tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics was contested between August 16 and August 26 at the Olympic Aquatic Centre in the Athens Olympic Sports Complex. Eight teams qualified for the Games, with Italy defeating the host nation Greece for the gold medal.  The United States won the bronze medal.
Clifford Castle
Clifford Castle is a ruined castle in the village of Clifford which lies 2.5 miles to the north-east of Hay-on-Wye in the Wye Valley in Herefordshire, England (grid reference SO243457). It was the caput of the feudal barony of Clifford, a Marcher Lordship (owing allegiance directly to the king, but separate from the rest of the kingdom). The castle stands in the grounds of a private house and is only open to the public on certain days of the year.

Caput baroniae
In the customs of the kingdom of England, the caput baroniae (from Latin 'head of the barony') was the ancient, or chief, seat or castle of a nobleman, which was not to be divided among the daughters upon his death, in case there be no son to inherit. Instead, it was to descend entirely to the eldest daughter caeteris filiabus aliunde satisfactis, 'other daughters having been satisfied elsewhere'.

The Leges Henrici Primi stated that a lord's tenants would have to go to the caput of the lord, even if it was in another county.‍

The central settlement in an Anglo-Saxon multiple estate was called a caput‍(also short for caput baroniae). The word is also used for the centre of administration of a hundred as well as the early feudal honour.
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Carlos Baldomir
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Carlos Baldomir, billed as Pretty Risky, was a boxing match for the WBC and The Ring welterweight titles.

The bout was held on November 4, 2006, at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. The event also featured Robert Guerrero vs. Orlando Salido for the IBF featherweight title. Floyd Mayweather won this bout by a unanimous decision.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Jenab Khan
Jenab Khan (Persian: جناب خان) is an Iranian fictional puppet character in IRIB Nasim night show Khandevane hosted by Rambod Javan. Jenab Khan is voiced by Mohammad Bahrani and performed by Mehdi Borghe'ee and Hamed Zabihi.

Culture of Iran
The culture of Iran (Persian: فرهنگ ایران) or culture of Persia is one of the oldest and among the most influential in the world. Iran (Persia) is widely regarded as one of the cradles of civilization. Because of its dominant geopolitical position in the world, it has heavily influenced peoples and cultures situated in Southern and Eastern Europe to the west; Central Asia to the north; and South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia to the east. Iranian history has significantly influenced the world through art, architecture, poetry, science and technology, medicine, philosophy, and engineering.

An "eclectic cultural elasticity" has been said to be one of the key defining characteristics of the Iranian identity and a clue to its historical longevity.
Howard Politini Jnr
Howard Robin Thomas Politini Jnr (MP) is a Fijian politician and Member of the Parliament of Fiji. He is a member of the FijiFirst party.

In the 2014 election Politini received 550 votes, which was not enough to be make him a Member of Parliament for the FijiFirst party. He was subsequently appointed to the boards of the Bio-security Authority of Fiji and Tourism Fiji.

Politini was elected to Parliament in September 2016 following the resignation of former Defence Minister Timoci Natuva. Politini served as the Deputy Chair of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence during his term in parliament.

Parliament of Fiji
18°08′45″S 178°25′28″E﻿ / ﻿18.145858°S 178.424413°E﻿ / -18.145858; 178.424413

The Parliament of the Republic of Fiji is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Fiji. It consists of 55 members elected every 4 years using open list proportional representation in one multi-member nationwide constituency.
Atefeh
Atefeh (Persian: عاطفه, lit. 'feelings, affection, kind-hearted'), is a feminine given name of Persian origin.

People with this name include:

Atefeh Ahmadi (born 2000), Iranian alpine skier

Atefeh Nabavi, Iranian student activist

Atefeh Razavi (born 1969), Iranian actress and makeup artist

Atefeh Riazi, American information technologist

Atefeh Sahaaleh (1987–2004), Iranian convicted woman, charged with crime after being raped for many years, and then executed

Atefeh Sahaaleh
Atefeh Rajabi Sahaaleh (Persian: عاطفه رجبی سهاله; September 21, 1987 – August 15, 2004) was an Iranian girl from the town of Neka, Mazandaran Province, who was executed a week after being sentenced to death by Haji Rezai, head of Neka's court, on charges of adultery and crimes against chastity after being repeatedly raped.