hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Size of groups, organizations, and communities
Size (the number of people involved) is an important characteristic of the groups, organizations, and communities in which social behavior occurs.

When only a few persons are interacting, adding just one more individual may make a big difference in how they relate.  As an organization or community grows in size it is apt to experience tipping points where the way in which it operates needs to change.  The complexity of large groupings is partly due to  interrelated subgroups.

Herbert Thelen proposed a principle that for members of groups to have maximum motivation to perform, the number of members in each should be the smallest "in which it is possible to have represented at a functional level all the social and achievement skills required for the particular required activity."

Social group
In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group. The system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group or between social groups is known as group dynamics.
Paul Melko
Paul Melko (born May 22, 1968) is an American science fiction writer whose work has appeared in Realms of Fantasy, Asimov's Science Fiction, Strange Horizons, and Live Without a Net.

His first professional story appeared in Realms of Fantasy in 2002. His first novel, Singularity's Ring, appeared from Tor Books in February 2008. He lives near Columbus, Ohio.

Live Without a Net (book)
Live Without a Net is a science fiction anthology edited by Lou Anders, published by Roc in 2003. It included works by Stephen Baxter, David Brin, Paul Di Filippo, Mike Resnick & Kay Kenyon, Rudy Rucker, S. M. Stirling, and Michael Swanwick.

In an interview with Rick Kleffel, Anders noted part of his motivation for the anthology:

"I was reacting to what I felt was a preponderance of post-cyberpunk in American science fiction in the year 2000. The anthology was a deliberate attempt to counter that trend in some small and useful way."
Penglai Pavilion
37°49′48″N 120°45′03″E﻿ / ﻿37.829989°N 120.750732°E﻿ / 37.829989; 120.750732

Penglai Pavilion or Penglai Pagoda (simplified Chinese: 蓬莱阁; traditional Chinese: 蓬萊閣; pinyin: Pénglái Gé) is a famous tower in Penglai, Yantai, Shandong. It is noted as one of the Four Great Towers of China, although it is occasionally not listed due to lacking a famous literary piece associated with it. It is known as the landing place of the Eight Immortals and famous for its occasional mirages. The dividing line between the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is also marked and clearly visible from the area. The corresponding tourism area is classified as a AAAAA scenic area by the China National Tourism Administration.

Many people, like poet Su Shi, general Qi Jiguang, and warlord Zhang Zongchang, all wrote poems about the pavilion's beauty.

Penglai Pavilion is part of Dengzhou water fort

Eight Immortals Park

Sea near the pavilion

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
1979–80 Divizia A
The 1979–80 Divizia A season was the 62nd edition of the Romanian football championship and the 42nd since the introduction of the divisional system. The season began on 12 August 1979 and concluded on 25 May 1980. Universitatea Craiova won the championship for the second time in its history.

Football in Romania
Football is the most popular sport in Romania. Approximately half of the Romanians are considered association football fans. The Romanian Football Federation (Romanian: Federaţia Română de Fotbal or FRF), a member of UEFA, is the sport's national governing body.
Powder Horn, Wyoming
Powder Horn is a golf course community and census-designated place (CDP) in Sheridan County, Wyoming, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 682.

The community is in south-central Sheridan County, bordered to the southwest by Big Horn and 7 miles (11 km) south of Sheridan, the county seat. The community is in the valley of Little Goose Creek, which flows north to join Big Goose Creek in Sheridan, forming Goose Creek, which in turn is a north-flowing tributary of the Tongue River, leading to the Yellowstone River in Montana.

Golf property
In residential sales, a golf property is a piece of real estate linked to a golf course. Golf property can be in the ownership of the golf course or in proximity to the golf course. The concept of combining the design of a golf course with a subdivision housing property originated in the United States and is now found in many parts of the world.

Golf properties are an example of niche real estate, a specialized sector of the property market. Golf properties have been found to boost property values, but can be associated with certain risks. Home values can decrease if the course attached to it falls into disrepair or mismanagement. In 2022, a family won a $5,000,000 settlement against a country club after their home was hit by over 600 golf balls. In 2025, a study found that living nearby a golf course could be associated with a higher incidental risk of Parkinson's disease.

A golf course community is a type of residential housing development built around a golf course.
2017 Women's Cricket World Cup qualification
The 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup in England was contested by eight teams. The top four teams in the 2014–16 ICC Women's Championship qualified automatically, while the other four places in the tournament were filled by the top four teams in the 2017 Women's World Cup Qualifier, a ten-team tournament.

Thailand women's national cricket team
The Thailand women's national cricket team represents Thailand in international women's cricket matches. Thailand is one of the strongest associate teams in women's international cricket and has been ranked as high as tenth in the ICC Women's T20I rankings.

A member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1995, Thailand's women team made their international debut when they played, and lost, two matches against Bangladesh in July 2007. The team hosted and won the 2013 ACC Women's Championship to qualify for its first ICC global tournament, the 2013 World Twenty20 Qualifier. Thailand was runner-up at the 2019 edition of the tournament and qualified for the 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup in Australia, the first appearance by Thailand in any cricket world championship. The team was awarded women's One Day International (ODI) status in 2022 and received their first ODI Ranking in November 2022.
Pari 'Koy
Pari 'Koy  (transl. priest 'Koy / international title: My Holy Bro) is a 2015 Philippine television drama Christian series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Maryo J. de los Reyes, it stars Dingdong Dantes in the title role. It premiered on March 9, 2015, on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on August 21, 2015, with a total of 118 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Maryo J. de los Reyes
Mario Margarito Jorolan de los Reyes (October 17, 1952 – January 27, 2018), professionally known as Maryo J. de los Reyes, was a Filipino film and television director. He began his career in the 1970s. He is the only director in the exclusive Grand Slam club, he joined in 2004 when he won Best Director in FAMAS Awards, Luna Awards, Gawad Urian, and Star Awards for his film Magnifico.
Berea College
Berea College is a private liberal arts work college in Berea, Kentucky, United States. Founded in 1855, it was the first college in the Southern United States to be coeducational and racially integrated. It admitted non-White students from as early as 1866 until 1904, and again after 1954.

The college participates in federal work-study and work college programs that cover the remaining tuition fees after subtracting the total sum a student receives from Pell Grant, other grants, and scholarships. Most of the college's students come from southern Appalachia but students come from more than 40 states in the United States and 70 other countries. Approximately half of them identify as people of color.

Berea offers bachelor's degrees in 33 majors. It incorporates a mandatory work-study program in which students do a minimum of 10 hours per week of work for the college.

Racial integration
Racial integration, or simply integration, includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation), leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of race, and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the majority culture. Desegregation is largely a legal matter, integration largely a social one.
John C. F. Slayton
John Charles Fremont Slayton (June 27, 1856 – January 4, 1922) was an American produce dealer and politician who served as a member of the Melrose, Massachusetts Board of Aldermen, and on the Massachusetts Executive Council.

Massachusetts Governor's Council
The Massachusetts Governor's Council (also known as the Executive Council) is a governmental body that provides advice and consent in certain matters – such as judicial nominations, pardons, and commutations – to the Governor of Massachusetts.  Councillors are elected by the general public and their duties are set forth in the Massachusetts Constitution.

The Governor's Council has gone through many different formations throughout its history, at times being simply a legal counsel, also serving as provincial magistrates and judges, sometimes acting as an executive in the absence of a Governor, to serving as an upper house of the Massachusetts General Court (the state legislature). Whether going by the name of "Council of Assistants" or Governor's Council, the power of the council has ebbed and flowed; however, it has remained a mainstay in New England politics from the earliest colonial days of Massachusetts Bay.
Phil Scott
Philip Brian Scott (born August 4, 1958) is an American politician, stock car racer, and businessman who has served since 2017 as the 82nd governor of Vermont. A member of the Republican Party, he was a representative for the Washington District in the Vermont Senate from 2001 to 2011 and the 81st lieutenant governor of Vermont from 2011 to 2017.

Scott was first elected governor of Vermont in the 2016 general election, and was reelected in 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2024. Scott's 2024 margin of victory is the largest in any Vermont gubernatorial election since 1946. As of 2025, Scott is the second-longest serving incumbent governor in the U.S.

One of the nation's most popular governors, Scott is often described as a moderate Republican or a liberal Republican. According to the Cook Partisan Voting Index, Vermont is the most Democratic-leaning U.S. state (D+17).

Cook Partisan Voting Index
The Cook Partisan Voting Index, abbreviated PVI or CPVI, is a measurement of the partisanship of a U.S. congressional district or U.S. state. This partisanship is indicated as lean towards either the Republican Party or the Democratic Party, compared to the nation as a whole, based on how that district or state voted in the previous two presidential elections.
Kingscourt Stars GAA
Kingscourt Stars is a Gaelic Athletic Association club from Kingscourt, County Cavan in Ireland. They are affiliated to Cavan GAA. The club was founded in 1890. They are the third most successful team in Cavan GAA history, winning 12 Senior Championships, their latest occurring in 2025.

The club plays at O'Raghallaigh Park which was built between 1950 and 1951. The ground is named for the Ó Raghallaigh (O'Reilly) clan who formerly ruled East Breifne, as well as the nationalist leader The O'Rahilly (1875–1916) and local Catholic priest Fr Peter O'Reilly who was behind the construction of the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Kingscourt.

County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.
Château du Plessis-Josso
The Château du Plessis-Josso is a fortified 14th century manor house in the Morbihan département of France. The manor is located in the town of Theix, near Vannes. The manor-house is open for tours during the summer, and offers its main hall for hosting events and marriages as well as a small country cottage outside the enclosing walls.

Vannes
Vannes (French pronunciation: [van] ⓘ; Breton: Gwened, pronounced [ˈɡweːnet], [ˈɡɥeːnet]) is a commune in the French department of Morbihan, Brittany, northwestern mainland France. It was founded over 2,000 years ago.
Bukidnon–Davao Road
The Bukidnon–Davao Road, often called as BuDa Road (a syllabic abbreviation of Bukidnon and Davao) and also known as Bukidnon–Davao City Road, is a 140-kilometer (87 mi), two-to-four lane national primary highway that connects Davao City and the municipality of Maramag in Bukidnon.

The entire road forms part of National Route 10 (N10) of the Philippine highway network and a spur of Asian Highway 26 (AH26) of the Asian highway network.

Davao (province)
Davao, officially the Province of Davao (Spanish: Provincia de Dávao; Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Dabaw), was a province in the Philippines on the island of Mindanao. The old province is coterminous with the present-day Davao Region or Region XI. It was divided into three provinces of Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, and Davao del Sur with the passage of Philippine Republic Act No. 4867 on May 8, 1967. Two more provinces, Compostela Valley (now Davao de Oro) and Davao Occidental, were carved out of the territories of Davao del Norte and Davao del Sur respectively. The descendant provinces were reorganized into the current region in 2001.

It was one of the largest, most populous and prosperous provinces in the country during its time, being settled by immigrants from the Luzon and the Visayas.
Ciputra
Ciputra (RSS: Tjiputra; born Tjie Tjin Hoan (Chinese: 徐振煥; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhî Chín Hoàn); 24 August 1931 – 27 November 2019) was an Indonesian businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He founded Ciputra Group, one of Indonesia's largest real estate companies, with three subsidiaries, including Ciputra Development, listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Known as one of Indonesia's most generous philanthropists, he established ten schools, the Ciputra University of Entrepreneurship in Surabaya, and the Ciputra Artpreneur Museum in Jakarta.

Republican Spelling System
The Republican Spelling System (in Indonesian: ejaan Republik, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Repoeblik, when written in this spelling system) or Soewandi Spelling (in Indonesian: ejaan Suwandi, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Soewandi, when written in this spelling system) was the orthography used for Indonesian from 19 March 1947 until 17 August 1972. It was named after the Indonesian Minister of Learning at the time, Raden Soewandi.
1580 Dover Straits earthquake
Though severe earthquakes in Britain northern France are rare, the 1580 Dover Straits earthquake appears to have been one of the largest in the recorded history of England, Flanders or northern France. Its effects started to be felt in London at around six o'clock in the evening of 6 April 1580, being Wednesday in the Easter week.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Aleksandur Pulev
Aleksandar Georgiev Pulev (Bulgarian: Александър Георгиев Пулев) is a Bulgarian economist and politician who served as the Minister of Innovation and Growth in two consecutive caretaker governments between 2022 and 2023.

Caretaker government
A caretaker government, also known as a caretaker regime, is a temporary ad hoc government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed. Depending on specific practice, it consists of either randomly selected members of parliament or outgoing members until their dismissal.

Caretaker governments in representative democracies are usually limited in their function, serving only to maintain the status quo, rather than truly govern and propose new legislation. Unlike the government it is meant to temporarily replace, a caretaker government does not have a legitimate mandate (electoral approval) to exercise aforementioned functions.
The First the Last Eternity (Till the End)
"The First the Last Eternity (Till the End)" is a song by German Eurodance project Snap!, released in February 1995 by Ariola and BMG as the second single from their third studio album, Welcome to Tomorrow (1994). Like on their previous single, "Welcome to Tomorrow (Are You Ready?)", it features vocals by American singer Summer (a.k.a. Paula Brown), who also co-wrote the lyrics. Supported by a partially computer generated music video, directed by Angel Gracia, the song was a chart success in Europe, peaking at number two in both Belgium and the Netherlands, number three in Austria, and number five in Switzerland.

Ariola
Ariola (also known as Ariola Records, Ariola Express, Ariola-Eurodisc and BMG Ariola) is a German record label. In the late 1980s, it was a subsidiary label of the Bertelsmann Music Group, which in turn has become a part of the international media conglomerate Sony Music Entertainment.
Apatelodes mehida
Apatelodes mehida is a moth in the family Apatelodidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1904. It is found in south-eastern Peru.

The forewings are greyish brown with darker brown veins and a large brown spot, edged with white, on the outer side close to the apex. There is a dark brown elongated spot on the inner margin near the base and a straight brown line crosses the wing from the apex to the anal angle, between it and the base are two narrow curved lines extending from the costal to the inner margin. The hindwings are reddish brown, crossed about the middle from the costal to the inner margin by a pale greyish-brown waved band, which is darkest on the inner margin.

Herbert Druce
Herbert Druce, FLS (14 July 1846 in London – 11 April 1913 in London) was an English entomologist. His collections were acquired by Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), Osbert Salvin (1835–1898), and James John Joicey (1870–1932) before being bequeathed to the Natural History Museum in London.

He is not to be confused with his son, the English entomologist Hamilton Herbert Druce (1869 – 21 June 1922), who also worked on Lepidoptera.
Mehdi Bennani
Mehdi Bennani  (Arabic: مهدي بناني, born 25 August 1983) is a Moroccan racing driver who currently competes in the TCR Europe with Sébastien Loeb Racing. He was TCR Europe Champion in 2020 with the Belgian team Comtoyou Racing.

He became the first Moroccan driver to win a world championship race organized by the FIA, after his victory in Shanghai in the WTCC.

WTCC (FM)
WTCC (90.7 FM) is a college radio station licensed to serve Springfield, Massachusetts.  The station is owned by Springfield Technical Community College (STCC), with studios and transmitter located in Garvey Hall on the STCC campus. It airs a college radio format.

The station was assigned the WTCC call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.
Bonnechere Valley
Bonnechere Valley is a township municipality in Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. It had a population of 3,898 in the 2021 Canadian census. It was established on January 1, 2001, by amalgamation of the village of Eganville and the townships of Grattan, Sebastapol, and South Algona.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Svartklubben
Svartklubben is a Swedish lighthouse located on a small island east of the island Singö in the province of Uppland.

This massive lighthouse was constructed to carry a coal fire. In 1842 it was updated with a colza oil lamp and in 1849 parabolic mirrors were installed. In 1875 it was updated with a kerosene lamp, and in 1899 the current lens and lantern were installed. It got a gas mantle light in 1935, and was finally electrified and automated in 1961. The keeper's house is now sold as a private residence, but the Swedish Maritime Administration still owns and maintains the lighthouse.

The lighthouse has been a listed building in Sweden since 1935.

Gas mantle
An incandescent gas mantle, gas mantle or Welsbach mantle is a device for generating bright white light when heated by a flame.  The name refers to its original heat source in gas lights which illuminated the streets of Europe and North America in the late 19th century. Mantle refers to the way it hangs like a cloak above the flame.  Gas mantles are also used in some portable camping lanterns, pressure lanterns and some oil lamps.

Gas mantles are usually sold as a fabric bag which, because of impregnation with metal nitrates, burns away to leave a rigid but fragile mesh of metal oxides when heated during initial use; these metal oxides produce light from the heat of the flame whenever used. Thorium dioxide was commonly a major component; being radioactive, it has led to concerns about the safety of those involved in manufacturing mantles.  Normal use, however, poses minimal health risk.