hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
S corporation
An S corporation (or S corp), for United States federal income tax, is a closely held corporation (or, in some cases, a limited liability company (LLC) or a partnership) that makes a valid election to be taxed under Subchapter S of Chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code. In general, S corporations do not pay any income taxes. Instead, the corporation's income and losses are divided among and passed through to its shareholders. The shareholders must then report the income or loss on their own individual income tax returns.

Share class
In finance, a share class or share classification are different types of shares in company share capital that have different levels of voting rights. For example, a company might create two classes of shares class A share and a class B share where the class A shares have fewer rights than class B shareholders. This may be done to maintain control of a company by a group of shareholders or to make a company more difficult to take over.

For example, a company may create preferred stock as a poison pill that so that all shareholders of common stock cannot agree to a merger or takeover plan.

There is no statutory procedure for converting shares from one class to another. It may be done with the consent of all the shareholders affected. The safest course is to pass a resolution to which all the shareholders consent because, in practice, changing the rights on one person's shares may well have an effect, at least in practice on the rights of all the other shareholders.
Gjesing railway halt
Gjesing railway halt is a railway halt serving the district of Gjesing in the northern part of the city of Esbjerg, Denmark.

Gjesing railway halt is located on the Esbjerg–Struer railway line from Esbjerg to Struer. It offers regional rail services to Esbjerg, Varde, Skjern, and Aarhus, as well as local train services to Oksbøl and Nørre Nebel, all operated by GoCollective.

Skjern, Denmark
Skjern is a railway town just north of the Skjern river in western Jutland, Denmark with a population of 7,737 (1 January 2025). The town was the seat of the former Skjern Municipality, though since 2007 it has been the joint administrative seat of Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality.

The town's expansion in the 19th century was the result of the newly created Skjern railway station. Today, it is connected to the Esbjerg–Struer line and the Skanderborg–Skjern line. It is also served by the Stauning Vestjylland Airport, which also contains Danmarks Flymuseum, displaying historic aircraft.
Rifle bedding
Rifle bedding is a gunsmithing process of providing a rigid and consistent foundation for a rifle’s operational components, by creating a stable and close-fitting bearing surface between the gun's functional parts (i.e. the receiver housing the barrelled action) and its structural support (i.e. the stock) that do not deform with heat, pressure and moisture, prevent noisy/loosly fitting components (IE: "battle rattle") or shift under the shear stress of the recoil from firing. The bedding process is often an aftermarket modification, and is done for the goal of accurizing the rifle and (to a lesser extent) prolonging the service life of the stock.

Aftermarket (merchandise)
Aftermarket in economic literature refers to a secondary market for the goods and services that are complementary or related to the primary market goods, also known as original equipment). In many industries, the primary market consists of durable goods, whereas the aftermarket consists of consumable or non-durable products or services.

In the moment, aftermarket goods mainly include products and services for replacement parts, upgrade, maintenance and enhancement.
Katz Editores
Katz Editores is an independent Argentine scholarly publisher, founded in 2006. It publishes mostly translations from English, German, French, and Italian into Spanish, but also original Spanish-language texts. As of April 2009, their list numbered over 100 titles by authors representing a diverse array of intellectual traditions, such as Karl Löwith, Jürgen Habermas, Michael Walzer, Roger Chartier, Claus Offe, Martha Nussbaum, Seyla Benhabib, Cass Sunstein, Harry Frankfurt, Leo Strauss, Norbert Bolz, Michel de Certeau, Roberto Esposito, Ernst Mayr, Cornelius Castoriadis, Hans Belting, Robert Laughlin, and Eric Kandel. The editors wrote in their first catalog that they founded their press "with a calling to contribute to broadening the horizons of knowledge available in our language, but also with the conviction that it is necessary to interrogate many of the ideas that organize the viewpoints of the contemporary world."

Roberto Esposito
Roberto Esposito (born 4 August 1950) is an Italian political philosopher and critical theorist, notable for his contributions to biopolitics, Italian Thought, and metapolitics. He currently serves as emeritus professor of theoretical philosophy at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa.
Andualem Aragie
Andualem Aragie (Amharic: አንዱዓለም አራጌ; born 4 November 1972) is an Ethiopian politician and activist who is the Deputy Leader of Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice (ECSJ), an opposition party formed after the merger of 7 smaller opposition parties in May 2019. He was formerly the vice president and press secretary for the Ethiopian-based Unity for Democracy and Justice Party (UDJP). Andualem was sentenced to a life sentence on terrorism charges after being imprisoned on September 14, 2011 along with prominent journalist Eskinder Nega and opposition party members and reporters.  His arrest has been ascribed by human rights organizations as a crackdown on dissent. Human Rights Watch also reported his detention as well as other members of the opposition and the potential for serious abuse during his imprisonment. He is now released from prison after the government pardoned him and other prisoners of conscience.

Coalition for Unity and Democracy
The Coalition for Unity and Democracy (Ge'ez : ቅንጅት ለአንድነት እና ዴሞክራሲ), commonly referred to by its English abbreviation CUD, or occasionally CDU (its Amharic abbreviation, used in Ethiopia, is Qinijit; in English writing often referred to as Kinijit), was a coalition of four existing political parties of Ethiopia which combined to compete for seats in the Ethiopian General Elections held on May 15, 2005, and around the end of that year, became a full-fledged political party (the Coalition for Unity and Democracy Party). Its leader was Hailu Shawul and the political party was dissolved in 2007.
Blyth's hornbill
Blyth's hornbill (Rhyticeros plicatus), also known as the Papuan hornbill, is a large hornbill inhabiting the forest canopy in Wallacea and Melanesia. Its local name in Tok Pisin is kokomo.

Previously, this hornbill was placed in the genus Aceros. It has often been lumped with the plain-pouched hornbill (R. subruficollis), and sometimes considered to include the Narcondam hornbill (R. narcondami) and the wreathed hornbill (R. undulatus) as subspecies.

The common name commemorates Edward Blyth (1810–1873), English zoologist and curator of the museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Bismarck Archipelago
The Bismarck Archipelago (German: Bismarck-Archipel, pronounced [ˈbɪsmaʁk ˌaʁçiˈpeːl]) is a group of islands located just off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi).
Baoying Dadao station
Baoying Dadao station (Chinese: 保盈大道站; pinyin: Bǎoyíng Dàdào Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Bouyìhng Daaihdouh Jaahm) is a metro station on Line 5 of the Guangzhou Metro in Guangzhou, China. It is located underground at the intersection of Kaifa Avenue (开发大道) and Baoying Avenue (保盈大道) in Huangpu District. It opened on 28 December 2023, with the opening of the eastern extension of the line.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Rotzo Formation
The Rotzo Formation (also known in older literature as the Noriglio Grey Limestone Formation) is a geological formation in Italy, dating to roughly between 192 and 185 million years ago and covering the Pliensbachian stage of the Jurassic Period in the Mesozoic Era. Fossil prosauropod tracks have been reported from the formation.

Euglenid
Euglenids or euglenoids are one of the best-known groups of eukaryotic flagellates: single-celled organisms with flagella, or whip-like tails. They are classified in the phylum Euglenozoa, class Euglenida or Euglenoidea. Euglenids are commonly found in fresh water, especially when it is rich in organic materials, but they have a few marine and endosymbiotic members. Many euglenids feed by phagocytosis, or strictly by diffusion. A monophyletic subgroup known as Euglenophyceae have chloroplasts and produce their own food through photosynthesis. This group contains the carbohydrate paramylon.

Euglenids split from other Euglenozoa (a larger group of flagellates) more than a billion years ago. The plastids (membranous organelles) in all extant photosynthetic species result from secondary endosymbiosis between a euglenid and a green alga.
Michael E. Burke
Michael Edmund Burke (October 15, 1863 – December 12, 1918) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician from Beaver Dam, Wisconsin.  He served three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing east-central Wisconsin from 1911 to 1917.  He previously served four years each in the Wisconsin Senate and Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Dodge County, and was mayor of Beaver Dam from 1908 to 1910.

Dodge County, Wisconsin
Dodge County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 89,396. Its county seat is Juneau. The county was created from the Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and organized in 1844.

Dodge County comprises the Beaver Dam, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Brockham Limeworks
Brockham Limeworks is a  45-hectare (110-acre) nature reserve north of Brockham in Surrey. It is owned by Surrey County Council. Part of it is a Scheduled Monument, and it is part of the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Area of Conservation.

Digging on this former chalk quarry continued on the site until 1936. It had two batteries of lime kilns, which have become roosting sites for bats. Some of the floor of the quarry has become species rich chalk grassland, with plants such as broad-leaved helleborine and pyramidal, common spotted, fragrant and bee orchids.

There is access from The Coombe in Betchworth.

From 1962 the limeworks was home to the Brockham Railway Museum, a collection of narrow-gauge locomotives and rolling stock. A short demonstration line was built. The museum closed in 1982, and most of the exhibits were moved to the Amberley Museum & Heritage Centre.

Brockham
Brockham is a village and civil parish in the Mole Valley district of Surrey, England. It is approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Dorking and 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Reigate.  The village lies south of Box Hill, with the River Mole flowing west through the village.  At the time of the 2021 census, it had a population of  2,198 .
Boxing at the 2013 Mediterranean Games – Men's bantamweight
The men's bantamweight competition of the boxing events at the 2013 Mediterranean Games in Mersin, Turkey, was held between June 21 and 26 at the Tarsus Arena.

Like all Mediterranean Games boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
2021 FAI Cup
The 2021 FAI Cup was the 101st edition of the Republic of Ireland's primary national cup competition. This edition features teams from the League of Ireland Premier Division and the First Division, as well as non-league teams. The competition is to begin with qualifying on the week ending 11 July 2021.

The winners of the FAI Cup earns automatic qualification for the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League.

FAI Cup
The Football Association of Ireland Senior Challenge Cup (FAI Cup), known as the Sports Direct FAI Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a knock-out association football competition contested annually by teams from the Republic of Ireland (as well as Derry City from Northern Ireland). Organised by the FAI (Football Association of Ireland), the competition is currently sponsored by Sports Direct. It was known as the Free State Cup from 1923 to 1936. Shamrock Rovers hold the record of most wins with 26.

The current holders are Shamrock Rovers who won their 26th title on 9 November 2025, defeating Cork City 2–0 at the Aviva Stadium.
Erma Knoll
Erma Knoll (Bulgarian: Ерменска могила, romanized: Ermenska mogila, IPA: [ˈɛrmɛnskɐ moˈɡiɫɐ]) is a 412 m (1,352 ft) peak in upper Huron Glacier, Livingston Island.  The peak was first visited on 17 December 2004 by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia, and was mapped by Bulgaria in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey.  The knoll is named after Erma River in western Bulgaria.

Huron Glacier
Huron Glacier is a 4.8 nautical miles (8.9 km; 5.5 mi)} long and 2.2 nautical miles (4.1 km; 2.5 mi) wide glacial flow on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica, situated east of Perunika Glacier, southeast of Kaliakra Glacier, south of Struma Glacier, west-northwest of Iskar Glacier and northeast of Huntress Glacier. It is bounded by Bowles Ridge to the north, Wörner Gap to the west and the Tangra Mountains to the south, receiving ice influx from several tributary glaciers draining the mountain's northern slopes between Mount Friesland and Helmet Peak, and running east-northeastwards to empty into Moon Bay north of Yana Point. Camp Academia is situated on upper Huron Glacier, in the northwestern foothills of Zograf Peak.

The glacier was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in 1958 after the American ship Huron (Captain John Davis) of New Haven, Connecticut, which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21 and 1821–22.
HSPA8
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 also known as heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein or Hsc70 or Hsp73 is a heat shock protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA8 gene on chromosome 11. As a member of the  heat shock protein 70 family and a chaperone protein, it facilitates the proper folding of newly translated and misfolded proteins, as well as stabilize or degrade mutant proteins. Its functions contribute to biological processes including signal transduction, apoptosis, autophagy, protein homeostasis, and cell growth and differentiation. It has been associated with an extensive number of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cell senescence, and aging.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Mandy Ord
Mandy Ord (born 1974) is a Melbourne-based comic artist.  Her work has appeared in The Age, Meanjin, The Australian Rationalist magazine, Voiceworks, Tango, Going Down Swinging and Red Leaves / 紅葉. Since 2009 Ord has also had a regular comic strip published in Trouble (magazine). In 2004, she was nominated for the Ledger Award for Small Press Title of the Year for her comic Dirty Little Creep.

Ord's earliest published work was in her own book Wilnot in 1994.  Her first graphic novel was a collaboration with Amber Carvan, Brick Dog and Other Stories 2002, followed by her first solo graphic novel Rooftops 2007, published by Findlay Lloyd.  Ord is also the author of minicomics Ordinary Eyeball (2006) and Sensitive Creatures (2004).

Ord's book, When One Person Dies the Whole World Is Over, was longlisted for the 2020 Stella Prize.

Trouble (magazine)
Trouble is a free independent monthly magazine for the promotion of visual and performing arts and culture. Trouble Magazine, a company that is co-directed by artists Steve and Melissa Proposch, publishes and distributes the title in the AppStore and online at troublemag.com.
Patrick de Rousiers
Patrick de Rousiers (born (1955-05-11)11 May 1955 in Dijon, France), is a retired French Air Force general.  His last position was serving as the Chairman of the European Union Military Committee, assuming that position from 6 November 2012 to 5 November 2015.

General de Rousiers is a Fighter pilot who has logged over 3,000 flying hours, with 2,600 of them in fighter jet aircraft.  He has participated in 76 combat missions.

European Union Military Committee
The Military Committee of the European Union (EUMC) is the body of the European Union's (EU) Common Security and Defence Policy that is composed of member states' Chiefs of Defence (CHOD). These national CHODs are regularly represented in the EUMC in Brussels by their permanent Military Representatives (MilRep), who often are two- or three-star flag officers.

The EUMC is under the authority of the EU's High Representative (HR) and the Political and Security Committee (PSC).
Aipysurus foliosquama
Aipysurus foliosquama, also known as the leaf-scaled sea snake, is a  species of venomous sea snake in the family Elapidae.  It was formerly endemic to the Ashmore and Cartier Islands of Australia, having thought to have become extinct there. In 2015, the snake was discovered in seagrass beds of Shark Bay off Western Australia.

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is an uninhabited Australian external territory consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs (Ashmore and Cartier), as well as the 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea generated by the islands. The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 km (200 mi) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km (90 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Rote.

Ashmore Reef is called Pulau Pasir by Indonesians and Nusa Solokaek in the Rotenese language. Both names have the meaning "sand island".
Zahra Lachguer
Zahra Lachguer (born 8 June 1978) is a Moroccan former track and field athlete who specialised in the 400 metres hurdles. She was the gold medallist in the event at the 2002 African Championships in Athletics.

She has won medals across several disciplines at the Pan Arab Games, including three 400 m hurdles medals, a javelin throw medal and a heptathlon medal. She was a 1999 Pan Arab Games gold medallist in the hurdles.

Lachguer represented Africa at the 2002 IAAF World Cup. She also won a bronze medal at the 2004 African Championships in Athletics.

She has won national titles in the 400 metres sprint, 400 m hurdles, javelin and heptathlon.

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Groundwater law in the United States
United States groundwater law is that area of United States law related to groundwater. Groundwater protection provisions are included in the Safe Drinking Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Superfund act.

Groundwater can either be privately owned or publicly owned. Groundwater owned by the State is usually distributed through an appropriation system. Privately owned groundwater may allow unlimited production or limited production rights based on land ownership or liability rules. It is possible to regulate the spacing of wells and groundwater production under any of these systems, but the methods, effectiveness and results of that regulation varies greatly from one system to the next depending on the type of aquifer to be regulated. Effective regulation is tailored to both the hydrology and economics of the region to be regulated. Below is a short discussion of each system and the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Safe Drinking Water Act
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the primary federal law in the United States intended to ensure safe drinking water for the public. Pursuant to the act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to set standards for drinking water quality and oversee all states, localities, and water suppliers that implement the standards.

The SDWA applies to every public water system (PWS) in the United States. There are currently over 148,000 public water systems providing water to almost all Americans at some time in their lives. The Act does not cover private wells (in 2020, 13% of US households were served by private wells).

The SDWA does not apply to bottled water. Bottled water is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
2014 Bulgarian Cup final
The 2014 Bulgarian Cup final was the 74th final of the Bulgarian Cup. The match, contested by Botev Plovdiv and Ludogorets Razgrad, took place on 15 May 2014 at Lazur Stadium in Burgas. Ludogorets won the final 1–0, claiming their second ever Bulgarian Cup title.

Burgas
Burgas (Bulgarian: Бургас, pronounced [burˈɡas] ⓘ), sometimes transliterated as Bourgas, is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the fourth-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, with a population of 210,396 inhabitants, while 226,092 live in its urban area. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre.

The city is surrounded by the Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, at the large Burgas Bay. LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas is the largest oil refinery in southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise. The Port of Burgas is the second largest port in Bulgaria, and Burgas Airport is the second most important in the country. Burgas is the centre of the Bulgarian fishing and fish processing industry.