hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Campus novel
A campus novel, also known as an academic novel, is a novel whose main action is set in and around the campus of a university. Academic novels typically center on professors or students (novels that focus on students may be termed varsity novels). Part of mainstream American fiction for decades, the genre in its current form dates back to the early 1950s.

The Masters (novel)
The Masters is the fifth novel in C. P. Snow's series Strangers and Brothers. It involves the election of a new Master at narrator Lewis Eliot's unnamed Cambridge College, which resembles Christ's College where Snow was a fellow. The 1951 novel's dedication is "In memory of G. H. Hardy", the Cambridge mathematician. It was the first of the Strangers and Brothers series to be published in the United States.
Hip Op-eration
Hip Op-eration Dance Crew (also known as Hip Op-eration) is a hip-hop dance crew from Waiheke Island, New Zealand. Hip Op-eration were formed in 2012, with originally over forty members. They are managed by their coach and caregiver Billie Jordan. In 2013, Hip Op-eration performed at the World Hip Hop Dance Championships (HHI) in Las Vegas. In their debut year, they had a documentary crew filming them and were interviewed by The Wall Street Journal and the BBC.

World Hip Hop Dance Championship
The World Hip Hop Dance Championship is an international hip-hop dance competition created in 2002 by Hip Hop International co-founders Howard and Karen Schwartz, who also created the competitive dance reality television series America's Best Dance Crew. The competition is considered the largest dance competition in the world with more than 50 countries competing each year. The competition has been held since its inception in 2002, except in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The last competition was held on 26 July to 2 August 2025 at the Arizona Grand Resort & Spa in Phoenix, Arizona.
Resolved sideband cooling
Resolved sideband cooling is a laser cooling technique allowing cooling of tightly bound atoms and ions beyond the Doppler cooling limit, potentially to their motional ground state. Aside from the curiosity of having a particle at zero point energy, such preparation of a particle in a definite state with high probability (initialization) is an essential part of state manipulation experiments in quantum optics and quantum computing.

Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology (CSAUA&T) is an agricultural university at Kanpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is named after the Indian revolutionary Chandrashekhar Azad. Besides Kanpur, it also has constituent colleges (also known as campuses) in Etawah, Hardoi and Lakhimpur Kheri district. The university caters to the needs of the farming community of 29 districts of Uttar Pradesh.

Chandra Shekhar Azad
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari (23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known as Chandra Shekhar Azad, was an Indian revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) under its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the death of its founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and three other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan. He hailed from Bardarka village in Unnao district of United Provinces and his parents were Sitaram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi. He often used the pseudonym "Balraj" while signing pamphlets issued as the commander-in-chief of the HSRA.Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru worked closely with him as his pupil.
German Order of Harugari
The German Order of Harugari, sometimes called the Ancient Order of Harugari or by its German name, Der Deutsche Orden der Harugari, is a mutual benefit and cultural association of German Americans founded in New York City in 1847 that was at one time the largest German secret society in the United States.

Secret society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, membership, and sometimes also existence, are concealed. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.

Secret societies may be community-based or associated with colleges and universities. These societies exist in countries around the world.
Lukáš Brož
Lukáš Brož (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlukaːʒ ˈbroʃ]; born 23 October 1985 in Jablonec nad Nisou) is a Czech luger who has competed since 2000. He finished 16th in the men's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Brož finish 19th in the men's doubles event at the 2007 FIL World Luge Championships in Igls. He competes in doubles with his brother Antonín.

Jablonec nad Nisou
Jablonec nad Nisou ([ˈjablonɛts ˈnad ɲɪsou] ⓘ; German: Gablonz an der Neiße) is a city in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 46,000 inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region. It is a local centre for education, and is known for its glass and jewelry production, especially for bijou. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
52nd New Zealand Parliament
The 52nd New Zealand Parliament was a meeting of the legislature in New Zealand, which opened on 7 November 2017 following the 2017 general election and dissolved on 6 September 2020. The New Zealand Parliament comprises the Sovereign (represented by the governor-general) and the House of Representatives, which consists of 120 members.

The 52nd Parliament was elected using a mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) voting system. Members of Parliament (MPs) represent 71 geographical electorates: 16 in the South Island, 48 in the North Island and 7 Māori electorates. The remaining members were elected from party lists using the Sainte-Laguë method to achieve proportionality. The number of geographical electorates was increased by one at the 2014 election, to account for the North Island's higher population growth.

Ron Mark
Ron Stanley Mark (born 29 January 1954) is a New Zealand politician of the New Zealand First party, and former soldier, who served as Minister of Defence between October 2017 and November 2020. He served as mayor of Carterton from 2010 to 2014, and again from 2022 defeating incumbent Greg Lang.
Pyrosoma atlanticum
Pyrosoma atlanticum is a pelagic species of marine colonial tunicate in the class Thaliacea found in temperate waters worldwide. The name of the genus comes from the Greek words pyros meaning 'fire' and soma meaning 'body', referring to the bright bioluminescence sometimes emitted. The specific epithet atlanticum refers to the Atlantic Ocean, from where the first specimen of the species was collected for scientific description; it was described in 1804 by François Péron, a French naturalist.

Thaliacea
Thaliacea is a class of marine chordates within the subphylum Tunicata, comprising the salps, pyrosomes and doliolids. Unlike their benthic relatives the ascidians, from which they are believed to have emerged, thaliaceans are free-floating (pelagic) for their entire lifespan. The group includes species with complex life cycles, with both solitary and colonial forms. Because of their pelagic and gelatinous nature they are extremely rare in the fossil record, with the first unambiguous thaliacean fossil only being reported in 2026 from the mid-Cambrian Huayuan biota.
Painted snake-coiled forest snail
Anguispira picta, common names painted snake-coiled forest snail and painted tigersnail, is a rare species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Discidae, the disc snails. It is a limestone specialist, and is limited to outcrops with suitable mineralogy.

A. picta was first discovered in 1906. It was once treated as a subspecies of the more common Anguispira cumberlandiana, but it is now regarded as a unique species. This species is native to the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee, and is currently only found in Franklin County. It may possibly also occur just over the border in Alabama, although populations have not yet been located. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has federally listed the species as threatened.

Generalist and specialist species
A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet. Most organisms do not all fit neatly into either group, however. Some species are highly specialized (the most extreme case being monophagous, eating one specific type of food), others less so, and some can tolerate many different environments. In other words, there is a continuum from highly specialized to broadly generalist species.
William W. Ellsworth
William Wolcott Ellsworth (November 10, 1791 – January 15, 1868) was a Yale-educated attorney who served  as the 30th governor of Connecticut, a three-term United States Congressman, a justice of the State Supreme Court.

Connecticut Supreme Court
The Connecticut Supreme Court, formerly known as the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors, is the highest court in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices. The seven justices sit in Hartford, across the street from the Connecticut State Capitol. The court generally holds eight sessions of two to three weeks per year, with one session each September through November and January through May. Justices are appointed by the governor and then approved by the Connecticut General Assembly.
Obsidian (Naomi Sharon album)
Obsidian is the debut studio album by Dutch recording artist Naomi Sharon, released on October 20, 2023 by OVO Sound and Santa Anna Label Group. The album was executive produced by Alex Lustig & Beau Nox; with production by 40, Alex Lustig, Andre Harris, Beau Nox, David Gramz, Jack Ro and Nineteen85. Obsidian spawned five singles: "Hills", "Another Life", "Celestial", "Definition of Love", and "Regardless".

Nineteen85
Anthony Paul Jefferies (born July 1, 1985), known professionally as Nineteen85, is a Canadian record producer and songwriter. He won the ASCAP Music Award twice consecutively in 2014 and 2015. His stage name is derived from his birth year.

He is best known for producing songs for Drake, such as "One Dance", "Hotline Bling" and "Hold On, We're Going Home". In 2014, he was named by Complex magazine as one of 15 new producers to watch for. In 2015, he founded the R&B duo Dvsn with singer Daniel Daley. He has been nominated for three Grammy Awards, including for "Producer of the Year (Non-Classical)".
Willis T. Stewart
Willis Taylor "Slick" Stewart (September 7, 1887 – January 27, 1960) was an American college football player, coach, and athletics administrator. He played for Dan McGugin's Vanderbilt Commodores football teams and coached the Transylvania Pioneers football team.

In 1911, Willis coached at the Bowen School, a prep school in Nashville, Tennessee, with Frank Blake. He served as the head football coach at Texas Christian University (TCU) for one season in 1912, achieving a record of 8–1.

Transylvania Pioneers football
The Transylvania Pioneers football team represented Transylvania University. They were formerly known as "Kentucky University" until 1908 (the University of Kentucky was then known as "Kentucky State College"). They have not competed in football since 1941. It last competed as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.
Rishi (surname)
Rishi (Hindi: ऋषि, Telugu: ఋషి) is a surname. 

Notable people with the surname include:

Adil Reshi (1989), Indian first-class cricketer

Manu Rishi (1971), Indian actor, lyricist, script and dialogue writer who works in Hindi films

Mukesh Rishi (1956), Indian actor and film producer

Nirmal Rishi (born 1943), Indian Punjabi film and television actress

Nund Rishi (c. 1377 – c. 1438), Kashmiri Sufi saint, mystic, poet and Islamic preacher

Rajesh Rishi (1964), Indian politician

Ravi Rishi (1955–2016), non-resident Indian businessman

Richard Rishi (born 1977), Indian actor who has appeared in South Indian films

Vineeta Rishi (1981), English actress

Weer Rajendra Rishi (1917–2002), Indian linguist, diplomatic translator, and Romani studies scholar

Nirmal Rishi
Nirmal Rishi (born 1943) is an Indian Punjabi film and television actress. She is most remembered for her role as Gulabo Maasi in her first movie Long Da Lishkara (1983). She is best known for appearing in Punjabi movies like Nikka Zaildar, Nikka Zaildar 2 and The Great Sardar. In 2024, she was awarded the prestigious Padma Shri award by the Government of India.
Four Mothers (anti-war protest movement)
Four Mothers (Hebrew: ארבע אמהות arba imahot; the name is in reference to the Biblical matriarchs Sarah, Rebecca, Leah, and Rachel) was an Israeli protest movement  founded in 1997 following the 1997 Israeli helicopter disaster by four women residents of northern Israel and mothers of soldiers serving in Lebanon. The goal was to bring about an Israeli withdrawal from the IDF's and SLA's security zone in Southern Lebanon. The Four Mothers movement was able to influence Israeli public opinion, and ultimately the Israeli government decided on IDF withdrawal from Southern Lebanon unilaterally, executed in May 2000.

Rachel
Rachel (Hebrew: רָחֵל, romanized: Rāḥēl, lit. 'ewe') was a Biblical figure, the favorite of Jacob's two wives, and the mother of Joseph and Benjamin, two of the twelve progenitors of the tribes of Israel. Rachel's father was Laban. Her older sister was Leah, Jacob's first wife. Her aunt Rebecca was Jacob's mother.
Phyllonorycter bifurcata
Phyllonorycter bifurcata is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the islands of Kyūshū, Shikoku and Tusima in Japan.

The wingspan is about 5.5 mm.

The larvae feed on Celtis jessoensis and Celtis sinensis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
Galileo Global Education
Galileo Global Education S.A. is Europe’s largest for-profit higher education provider, with over 200 private colleges (or écoles), universities and campuses around the world and its head office in Paris, France. It claims to be number one in Europe, but ranks behind Chinese groups such as TAL Education Group and New Oriental worldwide.

The company owns and operates several higher-learning institutions, including the Regent's University London, the Macromedia University, the Paris School of Business, the Istituto Marangoni or the European University Cyprus, and almost 40% of EM Lyon Business School.

TAL Education Group
TAL Education Group (Chinese: 好未来), which stands for "Tomorrow Advancing Life", is a Chinese holding company that offers after-school education and tutoring for students in primary and secondary school. It is headquartered in Beijing, China. The company was founded in August 2003 by Zhang Bangxin and Cao Yundong, as "Xueersi" (Study and think).

The company provides standardized test preparation and consultation services for students studying abroad. It offered help to kids who could not go to school due to the COVID-19 pandemic in subjects including mathematics, Chinese, English, and coding. After new rules were issued by the Chinese government preventing for-profit tutoring companies from earning a profit, the company's stock went down significantly, with a projected 70% decrease in 2022 revenue.

In 2018, it acquired CodeMonkey.
Regulation of Foreign Military Assistance Act, 1998
The Regulation of Foreign Military Assistance Act, 1998 (FMAA) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa which prohibits mercenary activities both within South Africa and abroad, and prohibits citizens and residents from lending unauthorized foreign military assistance.

Military aid
Military aid is aid which is used to assist a country or its people in its defense efforts, or to assist a poor country in maintaining control over its own territory. Many countries receive military aid to help with counter-insurgency efforts. Military aid can be given to a rebellion to help fight another country. This aid may be given in the form of money for foreign militaries to buy weapons and equipment from the donor country.

In the 21st century, increasing numbers of scholars are identifying how military assistance is an instrument of power projection for influence in the era of great power competition. Various strong states are avoiding direct conflict and are engaging in the low-risk mission of train, advise, and assist (TAA) and equipping a military/militia partner/ally to pursue certain objectives and national interests.
Custos Rotulorum of Caernarvonshire
This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Caernarvonshire.

Sir Richard Bulkeley c. 1544

John "Wynn" ap Maredudd bef. 1550–1559

Maurice Wynn bef. 1562 – aft. 1577

Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester bef. 1579–1588

William Maurice bef. 1594–1596

Sir Thomas Mostyn 1596–1618

Sir John Wynn, 1st Baronet 1618–1627

Sir Richard Wynn, 2nd Baronet 1627–1646

Interregnum

Sir Richard Wynn, 4th Baronet 1660–1674

Richard Bulkeley, 3rd Viscount Bulkeley 1679–1689

Lord Edward Russell 1689–1714

Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven 1714–1739

Sir William Yonge, 4th Baronet 1739–1755

Sir John Wynn, 2nd Baronet 1756–1773

Thomas Wynn, 1st Baron Newborough 1773–1781

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire.

Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven
Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven PC (29 April 1686 – 1 January 1742), styled The Honourable Peregrine Bertie between 1686 and 1704, Lord Willoughby de Eresby between 1704 and 1715 and Marquess of Lindsey between 1715 and 1723, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1708 until 1715 when he was called to the House of Lords.
1906 East Denbighshire by-election
The 1906 East Denbighshire by-election was held on 14 August 1906.  The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Samuel Moss, in order to become a county court judge.  It was won by the Liberal candidate Edward Hemmerde.

County Court (England and Wales)
The County Court is a national civil court for England and Wales with unlimited financial jurisdiction.

The County Court sits in various County Court buildings and courtrooms throughout England and Wales, and not in one single location. It is a single court in the sense of a single centrally organised and administered court system. The County Court centres in which the court sits today correspond to the earlier individual county courts.
Segretissimo
Segretissimo is an Italian series of spy/thriller/noir novels, published by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore since 1961. A first series with the same name was launched in October 1960, featuring 12 spy novels all by Jean Bruce; the series was then restarted from #1, which (apart Bruce) has featured mainly translations of American or British authors, such as James Hadley Chase, Edward S. Aarons, Stephen Gunn and others, as well as the Nick Carter series and the SAS series by Gérard de Villiers and his followers.

The series spawned several companions, such as Segretissimo presenta, Supersegretissimo and Segretissimo SAS, both containing reprints. Cover artists include Ferenc Pintèr (whole first series) and Carlo Jacono.

Nick Carter (character)
Nick Carter is a fictional character who began as a dime novel private detective in 1886 and has appeared in a variety of formats over more than a century. The character was first conceived by Ormond G. Smith and created by John R. Coryell. Carter headlined his own magazine for years, and was then part of a long-running series of novels from 1964 to 1990. Movies were created based on Carter in France, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. Nick Carter has also featured in many comic books and in radio programs.
Gerald Williams (American football)
Gerald Williams (born September 8, 1963) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers, Carolina Panthers, and the Green Bay Packers. He played college football for the Auburn Tigers, earning All-SEC honors in 1986. He was selected 36th overall in the second round of the 1986 NFL draft. He also spent several years as a college and pro scout for the Panthers. Williams spent the 2009 season as tight ends coach for the Division II Catawba Indians located in Salisbury, NC.

Salisbury, North Carolina
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbɛri/ SAWLZ-ber-ee) is a city in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, United States; it has been the county seat of Rowan County since 1753 when its territory extended to the Mississippi River. Located 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Charlotte and within its metropolitan area, the town has attracted a growing population. The 2020 census shows 35,580 residents.

Salisbury is the oldest continually populated colonial town in the western region of North Carolina. It is noted for its historic preservation, with five Local Historic Districts and ten National Register Historic Districts.

Soft drink producer Cheerwine and regional supermarket Food Lion are located in Salisbury and Rack Room Shoes was founded there.
Etymon (song)
Etymon is a song written by Bobby Ljunggren, Ingela Forsman and Henrik Wikström, and performed by Sonja Aldén, using the stage name "Sonya", during the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006. The song ended up 5th during the competition in Karlstad on 25 February 2006, and was also released as a single the same year.  However, the song failed to enter Svensktoppen. At the Swedish singles chart, the song peaked at number 35. Spanish artist Rosa recorded the song as Etymon es el rey with lyrics fully in Spanish for her 2006 album Me siento viva.

Henrik Wikström
Lars Henrik Wikström (born 1963) is a Swedish songwriter and music producer. He has entered the Eurovision Song Contest as a composer for Sweden in 2006 with the song "Invincible". The song was performed by Carola Häggkvist and placed 5th in the final.

Wikström grew up in Skellefteå. In high school, he wrote and recorded a rock opera called Selecta, which was recorded on a LP. He later toured to Stockholm with two performances and studied in Piteå Academy of Music.

Henrik is a veteran of the Melodifestivalen competition, the Swedish preselection for the Eurovision Song Contest, having written 34 songs between 1983 and 2017.