hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gangadhar Bhadani
Gangadhar Bhadani (Devanagari: गंगाधर भदानी) was a well known Indian Wikipedian. He belonged to the city of Ranchi in the state of Jharkhand in India. He was an Indian bank officer at the Bank of India. He was also an author. He authored a book on his own autobiography. His book was an autobiography of a wikipedian. His autobiographical book's name is "Choice in Chaos". He was described as a prolific Indian wikipedian by the co-founder Jimmy Wales of the Wikipedia.

Bank of India
Bank of India (BoI) is an Indian public sector bank headquartered in Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai. Founded in 1906, it has been government-owned since nationalisation in 1969. BoI is a founding member of SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Inter Bank Financial Telecommunications), which facilitates provision of cost-effective financial processing and communication services.

As on 31 December 2024, Bank of India's total business stands at ₹1,446,295 crore (US$170 billion), has 5,202 branches and 8166 ATMs & CRM around the world (including 22 overseas branches).
Anilio, Magnesia
Anilio (Greek: Ανήλιο, literally "without sun") is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Mouresi in the eastern part of Magnesia, Greece. It is situated at 296 meters elevation on the forested eastern slope of the Pelion mountains, 2 km from the Aegean Sea coast. The community includes the village Plaka. Anilio is 1.5 km northwest of Agios Dimitrios, 1.5 km southeast of Makryrrachi, 4 km southeast of Zagora and about 18 km east of the city of Volos (Magnesia's capital).

Magnesia (regional unit)
Magnesia (Greek: Μαγνησία, Magnisía, IPA: [maɣniˈsia], Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and the third busiest commercial port in Greece.

According to the most recent census (2021), the population stands at 177,448. The regional unit hosts 2,000,000 tourists annually. Magnesia is represented in the Greek Parliament by six seats. Its main agricultural products are wheat, cotton, tomatoes, grapes, olives, apples and honey.
2011 Asian Winter Games opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2011 Asian Winter Games was held at the Astana Arena, in Astana, Kazakhstan. It began at 6:00 PM (UTC+06:00) on 30 January 2011 and lasted approximately three hours.

An estimated 30,000 were in attendance at the venue. There were an estimated 700 performers.

Astana Arena
The Astana Arena (Kazakh: Астана Арена) is a football stadium in Astana, Kazakhstan. The stadium holds 30,000 and has a retractable roof. It serves as the national stadium for the Kazakhstan national football team. Astana Arena is the largest stadium in the country and it was built from 2006 to 2009 at a cost of $185 million USD, and was officially opened on 3 July 2009. It is also a home ground for FC Astana of the Kazakhstan Premier League and FC Bayterek of the Kazakhstan First Division. The stadium hosted the opening ceremony of the 7th Asian Winter Games on 31 January 2011. Astana Arena was one of the venues to bid to host UEFA Euro 2020 matches.
Osavurio: Ai wa Matte Kurenai
Osavurio: Ai wa Matte Kurenai (オサヴリオ ～愛は待ってくれない～) is Kaori Iida's first studio album as a solo artist of Hello! Project and her first album covering songs in European languages. It contains her own rendition of popular European classical songs, such as "La Vie en Rose" and "Garota de Ipanema." It was released on April 23, 2003, when she was still a member of the idol group, Morning Musume.

Kaori Iida
Kaori Iida (飯田 圭織, Iida Kaori; born August 8, 1981) is a Japanese pop singer and actress, associated with Hello! Project and best known as a founding member of the girl band Morning Musume. She has also recorded with the Morning Musume side project band Tanpopo and is currently a solo artist. During her time in the group, she was the tallest member (168 cm), earning her the nickname "Kaorin" & "Kao-tan".
She is currently a member of Dream Morning Musume.
1899 Maryland Aggies football team
The 1899 Maryland Aggies football team represented Maryland Agricultural College (later part of the University of Maryland) in the 1899 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach S. S. Cooke (sometimes referenced as S. M. Cooke), the Aggies compiled a 1–4 record and were outscored by their opponents, 157 to 26. The team was shut out in all four of its intercollegiate football games; its only victory was by a 26–0 score over Eastern High School from Washington, D. C.

1899 college football season
The 1899 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Harvard and Princeton as having been selected national champions.

Chicago, Kansas, and Sewanee went undefeated. With just 13 players, the Sewanee team, known as the "Iron Men", had a six-day road trip with five shutout wins over Texas A&M; Texas; Tulane; LSU; and Ole Miss. Sportswriter Grantland Rice called the group "the most durable football team I ever saw."
Zu Chongzhi
Zu Chongzhi (Chinese: 祖沖之; 429–500), courtesy name Wenyuan (Chinese: 文遠), was a Chinese astronomer, inventor, mathematician, politician, and writer during the Liu Song and Southern Qi dynasties. He was most notable for calculating pi as between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, a record in precision which would not be surpassed for nearly 900 years.

Book of Qi
The Book of Qi (Qí Shū) or Book of Southern Qi (Nán Qí Shū) is a history of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi covering the period from 479 to 502, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories of Chinese history.  It was written by Xiao Zixian during the succeeding Liang Dynasty.  This book was the only one of the Twenty-Four Histories to be authored by a member of the chronicled dynasty's ruling house – Xiao Zixian was a grandson of Emperor Gao, founder of Southern Qi,

When first submitted to Emperor Wu of Liang, the book was known simply as the Book of Qi.  After the Book of Northern Qi (the history of the later Northern Qi dynasty) was written, this book became known as the Book of Southern Qi so that the two could be distinguished.  The book contained 60 volumes when written, but one preface was later lost.
Bentzi Gopstein
Ben-Zion "Bentzi" Gopstein (Hebrew: בן־ציון "בנצי" גופשטיין; born 10 September 1969) is an Israeli activist, a student of Meir Kahane, and founder and director of Lehava ("Flame"), an Israeli far-right and anti-assimilationist organization. He was a member of the Council of Kiryat Arba, an Israeli settlement where Itamar Ben-Gvir, the modern chairman of Otzma Yehudit also resides, between 2010 and 2013. In November 2019, he was indicted on charges of incitement to terrorism, violence, and racism. In April 2024, he was sanctioned by the U.S. Department of State and the European Union.

He is listed with his name spelled in several variations on the sanctions list of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

Kiryat Arba
Kiryat Arba or Qiryat Arba (Hebrew: קִרְיַת־אַרְבַּע, lit. 'Town of Arba [biblical giant]') is an urban Israeli settlement on the outskirts of Hebron, in the southern Israeli-occupied West Bank. Founded in 1968, in 2023 it had a population of 7,572.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
North Arkansas College
North Arkansas College (Northark) is a public community college in Harrison, Arkansas. It serves the citizens of Boone, Carroll, Marion, Searcy, Newton, and Madison counties in northern Arkansas.  Northark has two campuses in Harrison and one in Berryville, Arkansas.

Carroll County, Arkansas
Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,260. The county has two county seats, Berryville and Eureka Springs.  Carroll County is Arkansas's 26th county, formed on November 1, 1833, and named after Charles Carroll, the last surviving signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.
1990 California elections
1990 California elections could refer to:

1990 California gubernatorial election

1990 California lieutenant gubernatorial election

1990 United States House of Representatives elections in California

1990 California State Senate election

1990 California State Assembly election

1990 California Attorney General election

1990 California Insurance Commissioner election

1990 California Secretary of State election

1990 California State Board of Equalization elections

1990 California State Controller election

1990 California State Treasurer election

1990 California Superintendent of Public Instruction election

1990 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The 1990 United States House of Representatives elections in California was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1990. Democrats won one Republican-held seat while Republicans won two Democratic-held seats.
Leif Arkeryd
Leif O. Arkeryd (born 24 August 1940) is professor emeritus of mathematics at Chalmers University of Technology. He is a specialist on the theory of the Boltzmann equation.

Arkeryd earned his doctorate from Lund University in 1966, under the supervision of Jaak Peetre.

Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers University of Technology (Swedish: Chalmers tekniska högskola, commonly referred to as Chalmers) is a private research university located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Chalmers focuses on engineering and science, but more broadly it also conducts research and offers education in shipping, architecture and management. The university has approximately 3,100 employees and 10,000 students.

Chalmers coordinates the development of a Swedish quantum computer
and
the Graphene Flagship, a European Union research initiative to develop commercial technologies with graphene.

The university is a co-founder of the CDIO Initiative, a member of the UNITECH International program, the IDEA League, the Nordic Five Tech, 
and the ENHANCE alliances as well as the EURECOM consortium and the CESAER network.
Child Life (journal)
Child Life was the Froebel Society journal between 1931 and 1939. However the journal has also been reported as being published, not necessarily continuously, and not always by the Froebel society itself, between 1899 and 1939. Its successors were the National Froebel Foundation Bulletin and the Froebel Journal.

National Froebel Foundation
The National Froebel Foundation (NFF) was a foundation which validated examinations and set standards for teaching training courses at pre-school level in the United Kingdom. Named after German educator Friedrich Fröbel, it began in two separate bodies; the Froebel Society of 1874 and the National Froebel Union of 1887. In 1938, the two merged to form the National Froebel Foundation. The National Froebel Foundation continued until 2012 when it merged with the Froebel Educational Institute to form the Froebel Trust. The Froebel Trust continues as the UK's charity for the promotion of Froebelian education, funding research, training and educational conferences in the UK and outreach work overseas.  The NFF's practitioner network continues as the National Froebel Network.
Ijaz Mirza
Ijaz Mirza (14 May 1941 – 7 April 2013) was a Pakistani cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Karachi and National Bank of Pakistan between 1962 and 1972. He also served as a selector of the Karachi City Cricket Association (KCCA).

National Bank of Pakistan cricket team
National Bank of Pakistan cricket team, sponsored by the National Bank of Pakistan, was a first-class cricket side, one of the most successful in Pakistani domestic cricket. They won each of the three major trophies at least once and achieved 14 tournament wins in total.

They played 421 matches of first-class cricket between the 1969–70 season and the 2018–19 season. They won 179 matches, lost 76 and drew 166. Many stars of Pakistani cricket have played for the team, including Inzamam-ul-Haq, Mushtaq Ahmed and Waqar Younis.

In May 2019, Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan revamped the domestic cricket structure in Pakistan, excluding departmental teams like National Bank of Pakistan in favour of regional sides, therefore ending the participation of the team. The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) was criticised in removing departmental sides, with players voicing their concern to revive the teams.
9,10-Dihydro-LSD
9,10-Dihydro-LSD, or 9,10-DH-LSD, also known simply as dihydro-LSD (DH-LSD) or as 9,10-dihydrolysergic acid diethylamide, is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin receptor modulator of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the analogue of LSD in which the 9,10- double bond in the D ring of the ergoline ring system has been hydrogenated.

Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, often an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.
Dunham-on-Trent
Dunham-on-Trent is a village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England. It is located on the A57 road, about 0.5 miles (0.8 km) west of Dunham Bridge, a toll bridge crossing the River Trent.

According to the 2001 census it had a population of 351, falling slightly to 343 at the 2011 census, and increasing to 361 in 2021.

The earliest part of the Grade I listed parish church of St Oswald is the tower, dating from the 15th century and Perpendicular in style.  The rest is mostly Victorian, built 1861–62 by T.C. Hine, father of George Thomas Hine, though the south nave wall remains from an earlier reconstruction completed in 1802.

The site of Whimpton Village, a deserted medieval village, is about 1.25 miles (2.0 km) west of Dunham.

George Thomas Hine
George Thomas Hine FRIBA (1842–25 April 1916) was an English architect.  His prolific output included new county asylums for Hertfordshire, Lincolnshire, Surrey, East Sussex and Worcestershire, as well as extensive additions to many others.
Politics of the Northern Cape
Like South Africa's eight other provinces, the Northern Cape is governed by a parliamentary system, in which the Premier of the Northern Cape is elected by the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature and in turn selects the Northern Cape Executive Council. As in most other provinces, the African National Congress (ANC) has led the Northern Cape Provincial Government since the end of apartheid. In the most recent provincial election, held in 2024, the ANC lost three seats and lost its outright majority, while remaining the largest party at 15 seats in the provincial legislature and the Democratic Alliance remained as the official opposition in the legislature. Pursuant to the same election, Zamani Saul was elected Premier of the province.

Provinces of South Africa
South Africa is administered under nine provinces. On the eve of the 1994 general election, South Africa's former homelands, known as Bantustans, were reintegrated into the country, and the four provinces were increased to nine. The borders of Natal and the Orange Free State were retained, while the Cape Province and Transvaal Province were divided into three provinces each, plus North West Province which straddles the border of and contains territory from both these two former provinces. The twelfth, thirteenth and sixteenth amendments to the Constitution of South Africa changed the borders of seven of the provinces.
Alshikhovo
55°23′N 47°12′E﻿ / ﻿55.383°N 47.200°E﻿ / 55.383; 47.200

Alshikhovo (Russian: Алшихово; Chuvash: Алшик, Alşik) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Ibresinsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia, located 113 kilometers (70 mi) from Cheboksary and 18 kilometers (11 mi) from Ibresi, the administrative center of the district.

The settlement is situated on the Shurlakhvar river and is surrounded by forests.

The settlement's history goes back to 1928, when the first house was built here.  The first official mention of the village is dated August 29, 1931, and the settlement status was granted to it in 1940.

The population was 40 inhabitants in 1989 and 30 inhabitants in 2006.

Ibresi
Ibresi (Russian: Ибре́си, Chuvash: Йĕпреç, Yĕpreś) is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Ibresinsky District, Chuvashia, Russia. Population:  8,415 (2010 Census); 9,201 (2002 Census); 8,682 (1989 Soviet census).
Cedid Atlas
Cedid Atlas (Ottoman Turkish: جديد اطلس, romanized: Atlas-ı Cedid, lit. 'New Atlas') was the first modern atlas produced in the Muslim world, printed and published in 1803 in Istanbul. The atlas was created by translating and adapting maps from William Faden's General Atlas and the full title of the atlas reads as  Cedid Atlas Tercümesi  (meaning, literally, "A Translation of a New Atlas") and in most libraries outside Turkey, it is recorded and referenced accordingly.

Although manuscripts and hand-drawn maps were widely available, the Cedid Atlas could only be published in 1803 by Müderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European sources.

Selim III
Selim III (Ottoman Turkish: سليم ثالث, romanized: Selim-i sâlis; Turkish: III. Selim; 24 December 1761 – 28 July 1808) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807. Regarded as an enlightened ruler, he was eventually deposed and imprisoned by the Janissaries, who placed his cousin Mustafa on the throne as Mustafa IV (r. 1807–1808). A group of assassins subsequently killed Selim.
City (typeface)
City is a slab serif typeface designed by Georg Trump and released around 1930 by the Berthold type foundry in Berlin, Germany. Though classified as a slab serif, City displays a strong modernist influence in its geometric structure of right angles and opposing round corners. The typeface takes inspiration from the machine age, and industry. A consistent application of repeated parts: an outer circle softening interior rectilinear spaces, results in a highly unified and refined typeface.

The lowercase a is composed of a two horizontal rectangles in the interior, the outer skin follows the counter but always contrasting the outer stroke with the organic curves. The face was produced in three weights: light, medium, and bold, each in roman and italic. The graphic designer Jan Tschichold helped to popularize the City typeface by his use of it for his book Typographische Gestaltung published by the Basel publishing house Benno Schwabe & Co.

Roman type
In Latin script typography, roman is one of the three main kinds of historical type, alongside blackletter and italic. Sometimes called normal or regular, it is distinct from these two for its upright style (relative to the calligraphy-inspired italic) and its simplicity (relative to blackletter).

During the early Renaissance, roman (in the form of Antiqua) and italic type were used separately. Today, roman and italic type are mixed, and most typefaces are composed of both an upright roman style and an associated italic or oblique style.
Drug titration
Drug titration is the process of adjusting the dose of a medication for the maximum benefit without adverse effects.

When a drug has a narrow therapeutic index, titration is especially important, because the range between the dose at which a drug is effective and the dose at which side effects occur is small. Some examples of the types of drugs commonly requiring titration include insulin, anticonvulsants, blood thinners, anti-depressants, and sedatives.

Titrating off of a medication instead of stopping abruptly is recommended in some situations. Glucocorticoids should be tapered after extended use to avoid adrenal insufficiency.

Drug titration is also used in phase I of clinical trials. The experimental drug is given in increasing dosages until side effects become intolerable.  A clinical trial in which a suitable dose is found is called a dose-ranging study.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Pooley Sword
Pooley Sword is a traditional cutler and provider of swords, dirks and lances to the British armed forces and also to many Commonwealth and other overseas defence forces. Following the August 2005 closure of Wilkinson Sword's Acton works, Robert Pooley, who had been commissioning swords from Wilkinson’s since 1964, purchased many of the company's drawings, product records, spares, and much of their tooling, including both heavy and light machinery, some dating back to the late 19th century.

Knife making
Knife making is the process of manufacturing a knife by any one or a combination of processes: stock removal, forging to shape, welded lamination or investment cast.  Typical metals used come from the carbon steel, tool, or stainless steel families. Primitive knives have been made from bronze, copper, brass, iron, obsidian, and flint.
Tomas Domarkas
Tomas Domarkas (born 30 November 1977) is a Lithuanian politician of the Dawn of Nemunas serving as a member of the Seimas since 2024. He was elected for the Plungė–Rietavas constituency against deputy speaker Jurgis Razma.

Plungė
Plungė (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Plongė; Polish: Płungiany) is a city in Lithuania with 17,252 inhabitants. Plunge is the capital of the Plungė District Municipality which has 33,251 inhabitants (2022). Two parts of the city are separated by the Babrungas River and two bridges are built over it.

Plungė is known for Plungė Manor and its park, where the Samogitian Art Museum is located. In the Oginskiai manor park stands the Perkūnas oak natural monument. The Lourdes grotto of Plungė was created in 1905 and attracts visitors. In the center of Plungė stands a monument for the 10th anniversary of regaining the independence of Lithuania and a sculpture of Saint Florian built by the Lithuanian book carrier Kazys Barzdys.

The city has a crab stick factory which exports to many countries in Europe.
Astrephomene
Astrephomene is a genus of green algae in the family Goniaceae, order Chlamydomonadales. The genus was first discovered in 1937 by Mary Pocock and later named by Pocock in 1953. The name comes from the Classical Greek roots a- (meaning "not") and strephomene (meaning "turning itself"), referring to its mode of reproduction. To date, the genus contains two species.

Astrephomene is a member of the volvocine algae, a group of algae that are a model organism. Volvocine algae are used to study the origins and evolution of multicellularity. The genome of Astrephomene gubernaculifera has been sequenced.

Attic Greek
Attic Greek is the Greek dialect of the ancient region of Attica, including the polis of Athens. Often called Classical Greek, it was the prestige dialect of the Greek world for centuries and remains the standard form of the language that is taught to students of Ancient Greek. As the basis of the Hellenistic Koine, it is the most similar of the ancient dialects to later Greek. Attic is traditionally classified as a member or sister dialect of the Ionic branch.