hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Augustus Farnham
Augustus Alwin Farnham (20 May 1805 – 2 May 1865) was an architect in Utah and a Mormon missionary.

Farnham was born May 20, 1805, in Andover, Massachusetts. In 1843, Farnham converted to Mormonism. In 1845, he was ordained a Seventy and was called to a mission in Australia, arriving in Sydney in 1851. From 1853 to May 1856, he was the president of the mission In October 1854, Farnham, William Cooke, and Thomas Holder traveled to Auckland and became the first missionaries of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New Zealand. The three preached in Auckland, Wellington, and Nelson, after which Farnham returned to Australia, leaving Cooke and Holder to continue preaching.

Farnham's most important architectural work was the Bountiful Tabernacle, a Greek Revival monument, which was known worldwide. This building, located at Main and Center Streets in Bountiful, Utah, is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Bountiful, Utah
Bountiful is a city in Davis County, Utah. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 45,762, an eight percent increase over the 2010 figure of 42,552. The city grew rapidly during the suburb growth of the late 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s and was Davis County's largest city until 1985, when it was surpassed by Layton. Bountiful is Utah's 18th-largest city.

Although a part of the Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area, it serves as a bedroom community to Salt Lake City and the surrounding area. However, due to the very narrow entrance into Salt Lake County, roads between the counties often reach near-gridlock traffic during rush hour. The FrontRunner commuter rail has been running since April 2008, and the Legacy Parkway was opened on September 13, 2008. These were built to help alleviate the traffic load on Interstate 15 through the Bountiful area.
Paris Zax
Paris Zax is an American underground hip hop producer based in Los Angeles, California. He has produced tracks for Busdriver, Blackbird and Shape Shifters, among others. He released the solo debut album, Unpath'd Waters, on Alpha Pup Records in 2005.

2Mex
Alejandro Ocana (born in 1973), better known by his stage name 2Mex, is an American rapper. He is a member of The Visionaries and of Mexican Descent. He has collaborated with underground hip hop artists such as Jel, Omid, Thavius Beck, Factor Chandelier, Radioinactive, and Isaiah "Ikey" Owens.
St Thomas Street, Southwark
St Thomas Street is a street in Southwark in London located next to London Bridge station. It takes its name from St Thomas' Hospital which was originally located nearby and dates back to the mid-sixteenth century. It runs southeastwards off Borough High Street along the southern side of Bridge station until at a junction with Bermondsey Street it becomes Crucifix Lane. The street features many historic buildings including the former St Thomas' Church, constructed in 1702, which has functioned as the Chapter House of Southwark Cathedral and part of the operating theatre of St Thomas' Hospital. It is now home to the Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret. The entrance to The Shard skyscraper, opened in 2012, is on St Thomas Street.

Bermondsey Abbey
Bermondsey Abbey was an English Benedictine monastery. Although generally regarded as having been founded in the 11th century, it had a precursor mentioned in the early 8th century. It was centred on what is now Bermondsey Square, the site of Bermondsey Market, Bermondsey, in the London Borough of Southwark, southeast London, England.
Dąbrówka-Marianka
Dąbrówka-Marianka [dɔmˈbrufka maˈrjanka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Zgierz and 12 km (7 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz County
Zgierz County (Polish: powiat zgierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zgierz, which lies 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź. The county contains four other towns: Ozorków, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Zgierz, Aleksandrów Łódzki, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zgierz, Głowno, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Zgierz, and Stryków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Zgierz.

The county covers an area of 853.71 square kilometres (329.6 sq mi). As of 2016, its total population is 165,206, out of which the population of Zgierz is 56,929, that of Ozorków is 19,809, that of Aleksandrów Łódzki is 21,380, that of Głowno is 14,534, that of Stryków is 3,477, and the rural population is 49,077.
OK, I'm Sick
OK, I'm Sick is the debut studio album by the American rock band Badflower, released on February 22, 2019. The album debuted at number 140 on the US Billboard 200. Loudwire named it one of the 50 best rock albums of 2019.

Loudwire
Loudwire is an American online media magazine that covers news of hard rock and heavy metal artists. It is owned by media and entertainment business Townsquare Media. Since its launch in August 2011, Loudwire has secured exclusive interviews with high-profile artists such as Slipknot, Ozzy Osbourne, Metallica, Judas Priest, Guns N' Roses, Megadeth, Iron Maiden, Kiss, Mötley Crüe, Suicidal Tendencies and many others. Loudwire has also exclusively premiered new material from Judas Priest, Anthrax, Jane's Addiction, Stone Sour, Phil Anselmo, and many more of rock and metal's notable acts.

Loudwire Nights and Loudwire Weekend are Townsquare's nationally syndicated radio programs, airing on its rock stations throughout the country.

One of Loudwire's web series is Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?.
Gekkeiju Online
Gekkeiju Online (月桂樹:オンライン, Gekkeiju:Onrain; Gekkeiju is the Japanese word for Bay Laurel) was a 3D MMORPG developed by a Finnish indie software company, Coolhouse Productions in 2003. The game incorporated anime-style characters into a medieval fantasy world.

Gekkeiju Online was a GameOgre.com online game of the week, highlighting the MUD-style gameplay which is considered more in-depth than regular MMORPGs.

A completely redone version of Gekkeiju Online launched to public beta test in January 2010.

The project is no longer operational, with its website displaying an error page from May 16, 2020, changing to a simple message stating "Project may be rebooted at later date" from August 13, 2020 onwards.

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis /ˈlɔːrəs ˈnɒbɪlɪs/ is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glabrous (smooth) leaves. It is in the flowering plant family Lauraceae. According to  Muer, Jahn, & Sauerbier, the stem can be 1 metre in diameter and the tree can be as high as 20 metres. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is used as bay leaf for seasoning in cooking. Its common names include bay tree (esp. United Kingdom),: 84  bay laurel, sweet bay, true laurel, Grecian laurel, or simply laurel. Laurus nobilis figures prominently in classical Greco-Roman culture.

Worldwide, many other kinds of plants in diverse families are also called "bay" or "laurel", generally due to similarity of foliage or aroma to Laurus nobilis.
Grodzisko, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Grodzisko [ɡrɔˈd͡ʑiskɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radoszyce, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Radoszyce, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Końskie, and 35 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Końskie
Końskie [ˈkɔɲskʲɛ] ⓘ (Yiddish: Kinsk, קינצק / קינסק) is a town in south-central Poland, with 20,328 inhabitants (2008), situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, Końskie belongs to the province of Lesser Poland, and since its foundation, until 1795 (see Partitions of Poland), it was part of Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Manipulability ellipsoid
In robot kinematics, the manipulability ellipsoid represents the manipulability of a robotic system in a graphical form. Here, the manipulability of a robot arm refers to its ability to alter the position of the end effector based on the joint configuration. A higher manipulability measure signifies a broader range of potential movements in that specific configuration. When the robot is in a singular configuration the manipulability measure diminishes to zero.

Robotic arm
A robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm; the arm may be the sum total of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion (such as in an articulated robot) or translational (linear) displacement.  The links of the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain.  The terminus of the kinematic chain of the manipulator is called the end effector and it is analogous to the human hand. However, the term "robotic hand" as a synonym of the robotic arm is often proscribed.
Love Amplified
The Love Amplified Concert was a concert held in Singapore at Fort Canning Park on 29 November 2008 to commemorate World AIDS Day 2008. It was titled LOVE Amplified (Love Amp in short), and was organised by the Health Promotion Board bringing together Singapore talents including the likes of Stefanie Sun, Hady Mirza, Hossan Leong and Dim Sum Dollies.

Fort Canning Hill
Fort Canning Hill, or simply known as Fort Canning, is a prominent hill, about 48 metres (157 ft) high, in the southeast portion of Singapore, within the Central Area that forms Singapore's central business district.

The hill has a long history intertwined with that of the country due to its location as the highest elevation within walking distance to the city's civic district, within the Downtown Core. It is also a popular location for exhibitions, concerts, and outdoor recreation.
William Gelbart
William Michael Gelbart (born June 12, 1946) is Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a member of the California NanoSystems Institute and the UCLA Molecular Biology Institute. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree from Harvard University in 1967, his Master's (1968) and PhD (1970) degrees from the University of Chicago, and did postdoctoral work at the University of Paris (1971) and the University of California, Berkeley (1972). After 30 years of research in theoretical physical chemistry, contributing notably to the fields of  gas-phase photophysics, optical properties of simple liquids, and the statistical physics of complex fluids, he started a biophysics laboratory with Charles Knobler in 2002 to investigate the physical aspects of viral infectivity.

Optical properties
The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light. The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics) and applied in materials science. The optical properties of matter include:

Refractive index

Dispersion

Transmittance and Transmission coefficient

Absorption

Scattering

Turbidity

Reflectance and Reflectivity (reflection coefficient)

Albedo

Perceived color

Fluorescence

Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence

Optical bistability

Dichroism

Birefringence

Optical activity

Photosensitivity

A basic distinction is between isotropic materials, which exhibit the same properties regardless of the direction of the light, and anisotropic ones, which exhibit different properties when light passes through them in different directions.

The optical properties of matter can lead to a variety of interesting optical phenomena.
Cosme Correa
Cosme Correa (fl. 1540s) was a Portuguese nobleman. The island of Salsette in Bombay was divided into Malar and Marol and granted for three years to Cosme Correa along with João Rodrigues Dantas and Manuel Correa.

Salsette Island
Salsette Island (Portuguese: Salsete, Marathi: साष्टी, Sashti) is an island in Konkan division of the state of Maharashtra, along India's west coast. The cities of Mumbai (Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district), Thane and Mira-Bhayandar (both part of Thane district) lie on it, making it very populous and one of the most densely populated islands in the world. The island forms the central part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and has a population of more than 20 million inhabitants living on an area of about 619 square kilometres (239 sq mi).
Attention!
Attention! is the third studio album by German singer Alexander Klaws. It was released by Sony BMG on Hansa Records on 10 March 2006 in German-speaking Europe. Recorded after a short-living hiatus, it marked a departure from Klaws' previous work with Deutschland sucht den Superstar judge and musical mentor Dieter Bohlen, who gained no credit on the record. Instead, the album features a wider range of producers, including Terri Bjerre, David Stenmarck, Sandi Strmljan, Thorsten Brötzmann, Ivo Moring, and Mirko von Schlieffen.

The album reached the top twenty of the album charts in Austria and Germany, becoming the singer's lowest–charting album then following the number-one success of his previous albums Take Your Chance (2003) and Here I Am (2004). Attention! spawned two singles, "All (I Ever Want)", the theme song to the musical The Three Musketeers, featuring vocals by German singer Sabrina Weckerlin and leading single "Not like You".

Ivo Moring
Ivo Moring (born August 27, 1971) is a German record producer, songwriter, and percussionist, best known for his work with DJ Otzi as co-producer of "Ein Stern". He has worked with Heather Nova, Darren Hayes of Savage Garden, Jennifer Paige, Sarah Brightman, Limahl, Jordan Knight & New Kids On The Block, Cazzette, Sarah Connor, Lutricia McNeal, Chris Norman, Oonagh, Beyond the Black, Christina Stürmer, and Sandra und Coolio.
Mesquito
The Mesquito is an American sounding rocket vehicle developed for the NASA Sounding Rocket Program on Wallops Island, Virginia. The Mesquito was developed to provide rocket-borne measurements of the mesospheric region of the upper atmosphere. An area of great science interest is in the 82–95 km region, where the conventional understanding of atmospherics physics is being challenged.

The Mesquito is a two-stage sounding rocket using a 9-inch-diameter (229 mm) solid propellant rocket motor from surplus M26 MLRS artillery rocket as the first-stage. The non-propulsive second-stage dart contains a free-flying structural body that includes an avionics suite and an experiment space with interface.

The maiden flight occurred on 6 May, 2008, from LC-2 at the Wallops Flight Facility. After three test launches, the project was shelved.

M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System
The M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (M270 MLRS) is an American armored self-propelled multiple launch rocket system.

The U.S. Army variant of the M270 is based on the chassis of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle. The first M270s were delivered in 1983, and were adopted by several NATO and non-NATO militaries. The platform first saw combat with the United States in the 1991 Gulf War. It has received multiple improvements since its inception, including the ability to fire guided missiles. M270s have been used by Ukraine in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Chirag Jain
Chirag Jain (born 27 May 1985) is an Indian poet, satirist, humourist and author who writes and performs in Hindi. His performances have been featured on various TV shows, including Sab TV's Wah Wah Kya Baat Hai, Sahara One's Laugh India Laugh, Aaj Tak's KV Sammelan, News 18's Netaji Lapete Mein and News Nation's Chunavi Chakallas.

He has authored more than 7 books, including Koi Yoon Hi Nahi Chubhta, Os, Man To Gomukh Hai, Chhookar Nikli Hai Bechaini.

On 14 September 2016, Chirag Jain received the Bhashadoot Samman (award) from the Hindi Academy, Government of Delhi, on the occasion of Hindi Divas, in recognition of his contribution to popularizing the Hindi language through digital media.

Hindi Day
Hindi Day (Hindi: हिन्दी दिवस, romanized: Hindī Divas) is observed in India on 14 September each year. It commemorates the adoption of Hindi as one of the official languages of the Republic of India. The date marks the consensus reached in 1949 during the drafting of the Constitution of India, when the Constituent Assembly decided on the official language framework for the nation.
Arkhip Lyulka
Arkhip Mykhailovich Lyulka (Russian: Архип Михайлович Люлька, Ukrainian: Архип Михайлович Люлька; 23 March 1908 – 1 June 1984) was a Soviet engineer and designer of jet engines, head of the OKB Lyulka, member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Zimbabwean cricket team in the West Indies in 1999–2000
The Zimbabwe national cricket team toured the West Indies from March to April 2000 and played a two-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 2–0. Zimbabwe were captained by Andy Flower; the West Indies by Jimmy Adams.

Zimbabwe national cricket team
The Zimbabwe men's national cricket team, also known as the Chevrons, represents Zimbabwe in men's international cricket and is overseen by Zimbabwe Cricket. Zimbabwe has been a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1992. As of October 2025, Zimbabwe was ranked 11th by the ICC in all three formats of the game: Tests, One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 internationals (T20Is).
Winton Pickering
Winton Brian Pickering (born 8 December 1962) is a Cook Islands politician and former member of the Cook Islands Parliament, representing the seat of Oneroa.  He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party.

Pickering was born on Rarotonga and attended Avarua and Nikao Side School Primary Schools and Nukutere College.  He was first elected to Parliament at the 2004 election. He was re-elected at the 2010 election. He did not stand in the 2014 election.

Rarotonga
Rarotonga is the largest and most populous island of the country of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of 67.39 km2 (26.02 sq mi), and is home to 72% of the country's population, with 10,898 of a total population of 15,040. Avarua, on the north coast, is the location of the Parliament buildings and the capital of the Cook Islands. The country's international airport is also in Avarua, and Rarotonga is a popular tourist destination, with many resorts, hotels and motels.

Rarotonga has been populated by a Polynesian people since late in the 1st millennium. Captain John Dibbs, master of the colonial brig Endeavour, is credited as the European discoverer, on 25 July 1823 while transporting the missionary Reverend John Williams.
Humanitarian response by non-governmental organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake
The humanitarian responses by non-governmental organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake included many organisations, such as  international, religious, and regionally based NGOs, which immediately pledged support in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Besides a large multi-contingency contribution by national governments, NGOs contributed significantly to both on-the-ground rescue efforts and external solicitation of aid for the rescue efforts.

Gift of the Givers
Gift of the Givers (founded as Waqful Waqifin) is a South African non-governmental organisation and disaster relief group. It was established in 1992 in Pietermaritzberg to offer worldwide disaster relief and  humanitarian assistance. The organisation’s profile in South Africa grew during the 2010s and 2020s, due to challenges faced by the South African government in delivering services, including disaster relief.

As of January 2025, the organisation reported employing over 600 people with offices across nine areas including Somalia, Yemen, and Palestine. With funding from South African companies and private donations, the organisation has distributed over R6 billion ($319m) in aid across 47 countries in 32 years.
DAMP Project
The Downrange Anti-missile Measurement Program or DAMP was an applied research project to obtain scientific data, just prior to and during re-entry, on intermediate- and intercontinental-range ballistic missiles as they returned to earth. The program was funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) under the technical direction of the Army Ordnance Missile Command (AOMC) during the period 1 January 1959 through 30 September 1963.

External ballistics
External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. The projectile may be powered or un-powered, guided or unguided, spin or fin stabilized, flying through an atmosphere or in the vacuum of space, but most certainly flying under the influence of a gravitational field.

Gun-launched projectiles may be unpowered, deriving all their velocity from the propellant's ignition until the projectile exits the gun barrel. However, exterior ballistics analysis also deals with the trajectories of rocket-assisted gun-launched projectiles and gun-launched rockets and rockets that acquire all their trajectory velocity from the interior ballistics of their on-board propulsion system, either a rocket motor or air-breathing engine, both during their boost phase and after motor burnout.  External ballistics is also concerned with the free-flight of other projectiles, such as balls, arrows etc.
Jessica Huseman
Jessica Huseman is a journalist from Texas who is the editorial director of Votebeat, a nonprofit newsroom and Chalkbeat spin-off which devotes itself to election reporting. Votebeat was initially formed as a short-term project to cover the 2020 US elections but is now a permanent newsroom covering elections and voting in Texas, Arizona, Pennsylvania and Michigan. Huseman was hired in January 2021. Huseman's position involves shaping Votebeat's coverage area as well as fundraising.

Chalkbeat
Chalkbeat is a non-profit news organization that covers education in several American communities. Its mission is to "inform the decisions and actions that lead to better outcomes for children and families by providing deep, local coverage of education policy and practice." It aims to cover "the effort to improve schools for all children, especially those who have historically lacked access to a quality education". Its areas of focus include under-reported stories, education policy, equity, trends, and local reporting.

Chalkbeat was founded as GothamSchools in 2008 by Elizabeth Green and Philissa Cramer. It merged with EdNews Colorado, founded by Alan Gottlieb, in 2013, and then redesigned and relaunched the website as Chalkbeat one year later.

In 2020, Chalkbeat created Votebeat, a similar newsroom focused on local election rules and processes, before restructuring under the parent organization Civic News Company in 2023 and adding Healthbeat in 2024.