hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portsmouth Square
Portsmouth Square (traditional Chinese: 花園角; simplified Chinese: 花园角; pinyin: Huāyuán jiǎo; Jyutping: Faa1jyun4 Gok3), formerly known as Portsmouth Plaza, and originally known as Plaza de Yerba Buena, or simply La Plaza, is a one-block plaza (1.5-acre (0.61 ha)) in Chinatown, San Francisco, California, United States. Portsmouth Square is the first park in San Francisco, predating both Washington Square (1847) and Union Square (1850).
Established in the early 19th century, during the period of Mexican California, the plaza was renamed following the U.S. Conquest of California in honor of the USS Portsmouth, the American ship which captured the city. It is bounded by Kearny Street on the east, Washington Street on the north, Clay Street on the south, and Walter Lum Place on the west.

Conquest of California
The Conquest of California, also known as the Conquest of Alta California or the California Campaign, was a military campaign during the Mexican–American War carried out by the United States in Alta California (modern-day California), then part of Mexico, lasting from 1846 to 1847, and ending with signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga by military leaders from both the Californios and Americans.
Hull–Wright District
45°25′55″N 75°43′37″W﻿ / ﻿45.432°N 75.727°W﻿ / 45.432; -75.727

Hull–Wright District (District 7) is a municipal electoral division in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. From 2001 to 2009 it was known as Hull District and from 2009 to 2013 as Hull–Val-Tétreau. It is represented on Gatineau City Council by Steve Moran of Action Gatineau.

The district is located in the Hull sector of the city. It includes all of Downtown Hull plus part of the neighbourhood of Wrightville.

From 2009 to 2013, it also included Val-Tétreau, Jardins Mackenzie-King and Jardins Alexandre-Taché.

Prior to the 2009 election, the district did not include Val-Tétreau, or Jardins Alexandre-Taché, and only the eastern half of Jardins Mackenzie-King. The district also included the southern end of Wrightville, south of Rue St-Jean-Bosco. The added parts came from Val-Tétreau District, which was abolished. Despite the name being added, only a small part of Val-Tétreau joined Hull.

Hull, Quebec
Hull is the central business district and oldest neighbourhood of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the west bank of the Gatineau River and the north shore of the Ottawa River, directly opposite Ottawa. As part of Canada's National Capital Region, it contains offices for more than 20,000 civil servants. It was named after Kingston upon Hull in England.
Swift Diamond River
The Swift Diamond River is a 17.8-mile-long (28.6 km) river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Dead Diamond River, located in the Androscoggin River watershed.

The Swift Diamond River rises in the town of Stewartstown, New Hampshire, atop Dead Water Ridge within Coleman State Park. The stream flows east into Little Diamond Pond, and then Diamond Pond. The river continues southeast and then east through mountainous and heavily forested terrain, where the chief land use is logging. The river passes through the townships of Dixville and Dix's Grant before joining the Dead Diamond River in the Dartmouth College Grant.

Coleman State Park
Coleman State Park is a public recreation area on Little Diamond Pond in Stewartstown, New Hampshire. Activities in the state park include camping, hiking, fishing, ATV riding, and picnicking.

The park was created when the state purchased the 1,200-acre (490 ha) Camp Diamond property from the Coleman family in 1956.

The park is 1 of 10 New Hampshire state parks that are in the path of totality for the 2024 solar eclipse, with 2 minutes and 59 seconds of totality.
Gymnogramma candidella
Gymnogramma candidella is a moth of the family Lacturidae. It was described in 1963 by French entomologist Pierre Viette and is only known from Madagascar.

This species has a wingspan of 32–37 mm. Antennae are grey yellowish. Head, palpi, abdomen and thorax are white. The forewings and hindwings are entirely white.

The types were provided from Antsalova in western Madagascar (II-1957).

Pierre Viette
Pierre E. L. Viette (29 June 1921 – 30 April 2011) was a French entomologist. He attended university in Dijon during the German occupation of France in World War II, then spent his entire career at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris. He specialized in insect systematics, especially Lepidoptera, and had over 400 articles published.
Roger Thomas (designer)
Roger Thomas (born November 4, 1951) is an American interior designer best known for his work on resort hotels and casinos in Las Vegas, including the Bellagio, Wynn Las Vegas, and Encore Las Vegas His work also extends elsewhere, including Wynn Macau and Encore Macau in China. He was the Executive Vice President of Design for Wynn Design & Development, before retiring in 2020, and principal of the Roger Thomas Collection. Thomas has been named five times to the Architectural Digest AD100 list of the world's preeminent architects and designers, and was inducted into the Interior Design Magazine Hall of Fame in 2015. He is also a member of Hospitality Design's Platinum Circle, inducted in 2005.

Architectural Digest
Architectural Digest  (stylized in all caps) is an American monthly magazine founded in 1920. Its principal subjects are interior design and landscaping, rather than pure external architecture. The magazine is published by Condé Nast, which also publishes international editions of Architectural Digest in China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico/Latin America, the Middle East, Poland, and Spain.

Architectural Digest is aimed at an affluent and style-conscious readership, and is subtitled "The International Design Authority." The magazine releases the annual AD100 list, which recognizes the most influential interior designers and architects around the world.
Berlin Peace Column
The Peace Column (German: Friedenssäule) is a column located in Mehringplatz in Berlin, Germany. Designed by Christian Gottlieb Cantian and erected in 1843, the 19-meter column is topped with a brass statue of Victoria, goddess of victory, designed by Christian Daniel Rauch. In 1876, allegories of the four victorious allies of Waterloo (or Belle Alliance in Prussian historiography) were added, and in 1879 two more sculptures followed: The Peace by Albert Wolff and Clio, writing the history of the Wars of Liberation (Befreiungskriege) by Ferdinand Hartzer.

Victoria (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion Victoria was the deified personification of victory. She first appeared during the first Punic War, seemingly as a Romanised re-naming of Nike, the goddess of victory associated with Rome's Greek allies in the Greek mainland and in Magna Graecia. Thereafter she comes to symbolise Rome's eventual hegemony and right to rule. She is a deified abstraction, entitled to a cult. But unlike Nike, she has virtually no mythology of her own.
Gulf Livestock 1
Gulf Livestock 1 was a Panamanian-registered livestock carrier which sank 100 nautical miles (185 km) west of Amami Ōshima Island in southwest Japan on 2 September 2020 due to Typhoon Maysak.

The ship was constructed as a container ship named Maersk Waterford by the Hegemann Roland shipyard in Berne, Germany.  Her keel was laid on 4 April 2002, she was launched on 20 September, and was delivered on 9 December. She was renamed Dana Hollandia in 2006, Cetus J. in 2012, and in 2015 was converted to a livestock carrier named Rahmeh.  In 2019, she was renamed for the last time to Gulf Livestock 1.  She had a gross tonnage of 6,370 GT and a deadweight tonnage of 8,372 DWT.  She measured 133.6 metres (438 ft 4 in) long, with a beam of 19.4 metres (63 ft 8 in), and was powered by a single diesel engine that gave her a speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph).

Deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
Compton wavelength
The Compton wavelength is a quantum mechanical property of a particle, defined as the wavelength of a photon whose energy is the same as the rest energy of that particle (see Mass–energy equivalence). It was introduced by Arthur Compton in 1923 in his explanation of the scattering of photons by electrons (a process known as Compton scattering).

The standard Compton wavelength λ of a particle of mass m is given by

where h is the Planck constant and c is the speed of light.
The corresponding frequency f  is given by
 
and the angular frequency ω is given by

Fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.

It is a dimensionless quantity (dimensionless physical constant), independent of the system of units used, which is related to the strength of the coupling of an elementary charge e with the electromagnetic field, by the formula . Its numerical value is approximately 0.0072973525643 ≈ 137.035999177-1, with a relative uncertainty of 1.6×10−10.

The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 when extending the Bohr model of the atom.  quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887.

Why the constant should have this value is not understood, but there are a number of ways to measure its value.
1979 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 1979 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. Organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), the competition took place on February 23 and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.

It was the last time the championships were hosted by the AAU, with subsequent editions being held by The Athletics Congress. The competition was used to select the U.S. team for a dual meet against the Soviet Union set to be staged in Texas on March 3.

Team sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour. In team sports, the cooperative effort of team members is essential for the sport to function and achieve its objectives. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar bob in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby league, rugby union, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. These sports emphasize teamwork, strategy, and coordination among team members while competing against opposing teams to achieve a common goal. Team sports do not include individual or individual-to-team events within a sport.
Keep Me Fed
Keep Me Fed is the fourth studio album by the Mexican rock band The Warning. It was released on 28 June 2024, through Lava and Republic Records.

Keep Me Fed was chosen to the 19th position on the Kerrang! magazine's "The 50 Best Albums of 2024" list and to the 11th position on the Rock Sound magazine's "Top 24 Albums of 2024" list. The LP was included by the French rock magazine Hard Force in its list of "TOP ALBUMS 2024".

Six singles were released ahead of the album. The first single, "More", peaked at number 36 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, staying on the chart for seven weeks. The second single, "S!CK", reached number eight on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, remaining on the chart for 20 weeks.

"S!CK" is featured on Loudwire's list of "Best Rock + Metal Songs of 2024 (So Far)". This track was also selected to the soundtrack of Madden NFL 26 video game.

The song "Qué Más Quieres" was nominated to the Latin Grammy Awards in the Best Rock Song category.

Loudwire
Loudwire is an American online media magazine that covers news of hard rock and heavy metal artists. It is owned by media and entertainment business Townsquare Media. Since its launch in August 2011, Loudwire has secured exclusive interviews with high-profile artists such as Slipknot, Ozzy Osbourne, Metallica, Judas Priest, Guns N' Roses, Megadeth, Iron Maiden, Kiss, Mötley Crüe, Suicidal Tendencies and many others. Loudwire has also exclusively premiered new material from Judas Priest, Anthrax, Jane's Addiction, Stone Sour, Phil Anselmo, and many more of rock and metal's notable acts.

Loudwire Nights and Loudwire Weekend are Townsquare's nationally syndicated radio programs, airing on its rock stations throughout the country.

One of Loudwire's web series is Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?.
Skiing in New South Wales
Skiing in New South Wales takes place in the high country of the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales during the Southern Hemisphere winter.

Skiing in Australia began at the goldrush town of Kiandra, New South Wales around 1861. New South Wales has skiable terrain between elevations of around 1300m to 2200m, with viable winter snows generally found above 1500m: Perisher, near Jindabyne, has Australia's highest lifted point at 2042m and its base elevation is 1720m. Kiandra, in the Northern Skifields, has an elevation of 1400m.

New South Wales has well-developed downhill ski resorts at Thredbo, Charlotte Pass, Perisher and Selwyn Snowfields.Cross country skiing is possible across the Kosciuszko National Park.

Ski resort
A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area–a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In North America, it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are destination resorts, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.
Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School
Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School is a private, college preparatory, coeducational Catholic high school in Dumfries, Virginia, led by the Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia. As a diocesan school of the Diocese of Arlington, it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

In 2012, it was included in the Cardinal Newman Society's Top 50 Catholic High Schools list. It was placed on the list again in 2014.

In 2013, it was chosen by the editors of Virginia Living magazine as a 2013 Top Virginia School.

Cardinal Newman Society
The Cardinal Newman Society is an American 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, nonprofit organization founded in 1993 whose stated purpose is to promote and defend faithful Catholic education. The organization is guided by Cardinal John Henry Newman's The Idea of a University and Pope John Paul II's 1990 Apostolic Constitution Ex Corde Ecclesiae. The organization publishes The Newman Guide to Choosing a Catholic College.  However, it has been criticized for adopting views that Newman would have opposed.
General's Son
General's Son (Korean: 장군의 아들; RR: Janggunui adeul) is a 1990 South Korean crime film directed by Im Kwon-taek. It stars Park Sang-min as Kim Du-han, a gangster who discovers that he is the son of General Kim Jwa-jin. The film is the first in a trilogy, followed by General's Son II (1991) and General's Son III (1992).

General's Son was the most highly attended film in South Korea in both 1990 and 1991.

Im Kwon-taek
Im Kwon-taek (Korean: 임권택; born December 8, 1934) is one of South Korea's most renowned film directors. In an active and prolific career, his films have won many domestic and international film festival awards, as well as considerable box-office success, and helped bring international attention to the Korean film industry. As of spring 2015, he has directed 102 films.
Psary, Łowicz County
Psary [ˈpsarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bielawy, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Bielawy, 21 km (13 mi) west of Łowicz, and 31 km (19 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in Łęczyca Land.

It was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Orłów County in the Łęczyca Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.

Łęczyca Land
Łęczyca Land (Polish: ziemia łęczycka; Latin: Terra Lanciciensis) is a historical region in central Poland, a part of Łęczyca-Sieradz Land (Polish: ziemia łęczycko-sieradzka).

Its historical capital is Łęczyca, while the largest city is Łódź, while other bigger cities are Zgierz, and Tomaszów Mazowiecki (partly in Sieradz Land).

Łęczyca Land is bordered by Greater Poland in the west, Kuyavia in the north, Mazovia in the north-east, Lesser Poland in the south-east, and Sieradz Land in the south. It lies at the Bzura and on the north-east banks of Ner rivers.

The Łęczyca Land and Sieradz Land combined roughly correspond with present-day Łódź Voivodeship.
Optical solar reflector
An optical solar reflector (OSR) is a component of a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. The reflector consists of a top layer made out of quartz, over a reflecting layer made of metal. OSRs are used for radiators on spacecraft.

The quartz outer layer lets the solar light through which reflects on the metal layer. This results in a low absorption coefficient. The quartz layer is a good IR emitter.  The result of these properties is a good emitting, low absorbing material, thus making it a cold material.

OSRs are often used in Geostationary orbits, where high radiation levels would cause other thermal surface coatings to rapidly degrade. This is due to the fact that the vast majority of geostationary orbits lie in the Van Allen Radiation Belt.

Optical solar reflectors are a type of second surface mirror.

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
1993 New Jersey Senate election
The 1993 New Jersey Senate election was held on November 2.

The election took place alongside Christine Todd Whitman's election as Governor over incumbent Jim Florio. Republicans defended the large majority they gained in the 1991 landslide elections, though Democrats did win back districts 7 and 19 that they lost in that election, and picked up the 25th district in an upset over incumbent John H. Dorsey.

This election featured in the political rises of future Governors Jim McGreevey, who flipped one of the three Democratic gains by defeating Randy Corman, and Chris Christie, who unsuccessfully challenged Senator Dorsey in the Republican primary, possibly undermining Dorsey's re-election campaign.

Randy Corman
J. Randall "Randy" Corman (born September 25, 1960) is an American Republican Party politician who served a single term in the New Jersey Senate, from 1992 to 1994, where he represented the 19th Legislative District, which covers portions of Middlesex County.
Farrakhan
Farrakhan is the surname of the following people:

Khadijah Farrakhan, African-American Muslim, wife of Louis

Louis Farrakhan (born Louis Eugene Wolcott in 1933), American religious leader, activist, and social commentator

Malik Farrakhan (born Tony King in 1946), American actor, political activist, and retired football player

Mustapha Farrakhan, Jr. (born 1988), American basketball player

Tony King (actor)
Tony Emanuel King (born May 6, 1947) is an American actor, political activist, and retired football player. A player for the Buffalo Bills for only one season in 1967, King subsequently became an actor and appeared in numerous exploitation and B movies, including several produced in Italy. In the 1980s, he became a member of the Nation of Islam, and changed his name to Malik Farrakhan. He currently serves as the head of security for the hip-hop group Public Enemy.
Peter Wright (Australian footballer)
Peter Wright (born 7 September 1996) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), having been initially drafted to the Gold Coast Suns with pick 8 in the 2014 AFL draft.

He grew up in the Melbourne suburb of Moonee Ponds and played junior football for Moonee Valley Football Club.

Gold Coast Suns
The Gold Coast Suns, officially the Gold Coast Football Club, are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club is based on the Gold Coast in Queensland.

Founded in 2009, the club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season. It plays home matches at Carrara Stadium (known for commercial purposes as People First Stadium) and has its training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre. The club is one of two AFL clubs based in Queensland, the other being its main rival, the Brisbane Lions, which it competes against in the QClash.

In addition to the men's team, the Suns field other teams, including an AFL Women's side, a reserves side in the Victorian Football League, and a Gold Coast Suns Academy side consisting of the club's best junior development signings. It also competes in Division 2 of the men's, women's underage championships, and the Talent League.
Charomskoye
Charomskoye (Russian: Чаромское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Sizemskoye Rural Settlement, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 579 as of 2002. There are 9 streets.

Sheksninsky District
Sheksninsky District (Russian: Шексни́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Kirillovsky District in the north, Vologodsky District in the east, Poshekhonsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast in the south, and with Cherepovetsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,500 square kilometers (970 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Sheksna (a work settlement). The district's population was 33,375 (2010 census); 36,007 (2002 Census); 34,679 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sheksna accounts for 62.8% of the district's total population.
Pastilla dacuna
Pastilla dacuna is a species of freshwater crab in the monotypic genus Pastilla in the family Gecarcinucidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Freshwater crab
Around 1,300 species of freshwater crabs are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, divided among eight families. They show direct development and maternal care of a small number of offspring, in contrast to marine crabs, which release thousands of planktonic larvae. This limits the dispersal abilities of freshwater crabs, so they tend to be endemic to small areas. As a result, a large proportion are threatened with extinction.