hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nancy Guptill
Nancy Evelyn Guptill (April 28, 1941 – August 24, 2020) was a Canadian politician from Prince Edward Island (PEI).  She served in its Legislative Assembly from 1987 to 2000.  A member of the provincial Liberal Party, she represented the electoral districts of 5th Prince from 1987 to 1996 and St. Eleanors-Summerside from 1996 to 2000.  She was noted for being part of PEI's Famous Five when she was elected speaker in 1993.

5th Prince
5th Prince was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the town (city after 1995) of Summerside. In the 1873 Prince Edward Island general election, it was known as Summerside and Royalty. The district was abolished in 1996.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. 109 competitors, 92 men and 17 women, took part in 50 events in 14 sports. These would be the last Summer Games in which athletes from Montenegro and Serbia participated under the name of Yugoslavia. They would compete as Serbia and Montenegro at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

The final days of the Olympics were overshadowed by protests against Yugoslav president Slobodan Milošević, who was ultimately overthrown four days after the closing ceremony.

Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević
The overthrow of Slobodan Milošević, president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, began after the general election on 24 September 2000 and culminated on 5 October 2000. It is commonly referred to as the 5 October Revolution (Serbian: Петооктобарска револуција, romanized: Petooktobarska revolucija) or colloquially the Bulldozer Revolution (Багер револуција, Bager revolucija), after an event during the day-long protest in which a heavy equipment operator charged the Radio Television of Serbia building, considered to be symbolic of the Milošević regime's propaganda.
Story of Things
Story of Things is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language anthology streaming series consisting of five episodes directed by George K Antoney. Produced by Chutzpah Films, the series stars Vinoth Kishan, Anshita Anand, Aditi Balan, Gautami Tadimalla, Arjun Radhakrishnan, Shanthnu Bhagyaraj, Sidhique KM, Archana, Bharath Niwas, Linga, Ritika Singh, Roju. The music was composed by Madley Blues. The cinematography was handled by Harshvardhan Waghdhare. The editing was done by George K Antoney. The series was released at SonyLIV on 6 January 2023.

Aditi Balan
Aditi Balan is an Indian actress who mainly works in Tamil and Malayalam  films. She is half Tamil and half Malayali. Aditi is best known for playing the titular role in the film Aruvi. Her performance in the film is regarded as one of the "100 Greatest Performances of the Decade" by Film Companion.
.454 Casull
The .454 Casull (/kəˈsuːl/) is a firearm cartridge, developed as a wildcat cartridge in 1958 by Dick Casull, Duane Marsh and Jack Fullmer. It was announced in November 1959 by Guns & Ammo magazine. The design is a lengthened and structurally improved .45 Colt case. The wildcat cartridge went mainstream when Freedom Arms brought a single action five-shot revolver chambered in .454 Casull to the retail firearms market in 1983. Ruger followed in 1997, chambering its Super Redhawk in this caliber. Taurus followed with the Raging Bull model in 1998 and the Taurus Raging Judge Magnum in 2010.
The .45 Schofield and .45 Colt cartridges can fit into the .454's chambers, but not the other way around because of the lengthened case (very similar to the relationship between .38 Special and .357 Magnum cartridges, as well as the .44 Special and .44 Magnum cartridges).

Guns & Ammo
Guns & Ammo is an American monthly magazine dedicated to firearms, ammunition, and related outdoor topics. It is published by Outdoor Sportsman Group, a division of Kroenke Sports & Entertainment since 2014. The magazine covers reviews, technical articles, hunting, shooting sports, and Second Amendment issues.
Nicolas de Melo
Nicolás de Melo OSA (born Nicolás Morán Antúnez, 1548 – January 28, 1615) was a Portuguese Augustinian friar and missionary, whose life was marked by his extensive travels and martyrdom during his mission in Russia. He is recognized for his efforts in diplomatic and religious missions, particularly in Safavid Iran, and is venerated by some as a martyr due to his persecution and eventual death at the hands of anti-Catholic forces.

Order of Saint Augustine
The Order of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Sancti Augustini), abbreviated OSA, is a mendicant religious order  of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 by bringing together several eremitical groups in the Tuscany region who were following the Rule of Saint Augustine, written by Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century.

They are also commonly known as the Augustinians, Austin friars, or Friars Hermits and, until 1968, as the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo eremitarum sancti Augustini; abbreviated OESA).

The order has, in particular, spread internationally the veneration of the Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Mater boni consilii).

In the 2025 papal conclave, Leo XIV was elected as the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine.
Transmittance
Electromagnetic radiation can be affected in several ways by the medium in which it propagates.  It can be scattered, absorbed, and reflected and refracted at discontinuities in the medium.  This page is an overview of the last 3.  The transmittance of a material and any surfaces is its effectiveness in transmitting radiant energy; the fraction of the initial (incident) radiation which propagates to a location of interest (often an observation location). This may be described by the transmission coefficient.

Photometry (optics)
Photometry is a branch of optics that deals with measuring light in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. It is concerned with quantifying the amount of light that is emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received by an object or a system.

Photometric quantities (e.g., luminous flux) are related to their radiometric analogs (e.g., radiant flux) through standardized luminous efficiency functions that model the spectral sensitivity of the human visual system. Typically, this wavelength-dependent weighting function is the photopic sensitivity function, although the scotopic function or other functions may also be applied in the same way. The weightings are standardized by the CIE and ISO.

Photometry is a branch of radiometry. Radiometric quantities are not limited to light (i.e., cover other kinds of optical radiation and are sometimes extended to other kinds of electromagnetic radiation) and are not spectrally weighted.
Lactimidomycin
Lactimidomycin is a glutarimide antibiotic derived from the bacteria Streptomyces amphibiosporus. It has antifungal, antiviral and anti-cancer properties, acting as a direct inhibitor of protein translation in ribosomes. Antiviral activity is seen against a variety of RNA viruses including flaviviruses such as dengue fever, Kunjin virus and Modoc virus, as well as vesicular stomatitis virus and poliovirus. As lactimidomycin is a natural product containing an unusual unsaturated 12-membered lactone ring, it has been the subject of numerous total synthesis approaches.

RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based genome. The genome can be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Dengue virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

All RNA viruses use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication and are categorized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into the realm Riboviria. This includes viruses belonging to Group III, Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the Baltimore classification system. Group VI comprises the retroviruses, which have RNA genetic material but use DNA intermediates in their life cycle. Riboviria does not include viroids and satellite nucleic acids: Deltavirus, Avsunviroidae, and Pospiviroidae are taxa that were mistakenly included in 2019, but this was corrected in 2020.
Corporación Kimirina
Kimirina Corporation is an  Ecuadorian nonprofit organization focused on HIV prevention and treatment. with an emphasis on LGBT populations. It is considered one of the most successful foundations in the region in terms of HIV prevention.

The organization has offices in the cities of Quito, Guayaquil, Machala, Portoviejo,  Santa Elena and Santo Domingo. It has signed agreements with institutions such as the Municipality of Guayaquil, the Ministry of Public Health and the French Embassy in Ecuador.

The organization obtained legal status in December 1999 and is directed by Dr. Amira Herdoíza. Other notable people who have worked at Kimirina include LGBT activists Orlando Montoya and León Sierra Páez. Kimirina's name is a  Quechuan word meaning "to walk or work together."

Orlando Montoya
Orlando Montoya Herrera (28 August 1952 – 11 January 2021) was a Colombian LGBT activist living in Ecuador. He was one of the most important figures in the early days of LGBT rights activism in Ecuador and in the campaign for the decriminalization of homosexuality in the country, which was achieved in 1997. He was also the founder of several Ecuadorian LGBT organizations, including FEDAEPS and the Equidad Foundation.
Bärenbach, Rhein-Hunsrück
Bärenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛːʁənbax]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kirchberg, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Kirchberg (Verbandsgemeinde)
Kirchberg is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is in Kirchberg.

The Verbandsgemeinde Kirchberg consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

49°56′42″N 7°24′25″E﻿ / ﻿49.945°N 7.407°E﻿ / 49.945; 7.407
RNAS Fearn
Royal Naval Air Station Fearn (RNAS Fearn; or HMS Owl) is a former Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm airbase, located 5.4 miles (8.7 km) southeast of Tain, Scottish Highlands and 21.9 miles (35.2 km) northeast of Inverness, Scottish Highlands, Scotland. The Tower has now been converted to residential use. See Restoration Man George Clarke.

Situated around 1 mile (2 km) from the north west shore of the Moray Firth, the airfield is 8.5 miles (14 km) north east of the town and port of Invergordon and 1 mile (2 km) south east of the village of Fearn. Notable landmarks include Tarbat Ness and Cromarty Firth.

Fleet Air Arm
The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is the naval aviation component of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). The FAA is one of five RN fighting arms. As of 2023 it is a primarily helicopter force, though also operating the F-35B Lightning II carrier-based stealth fighter jointly with the Royal Air Force.

The RAF was formed by the 1918 merger of the RN's Royal Naval Air Service with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps. The FAA did not come under the direct control of the Admiralty until mid-1939. During the Second World War, the FAA operated aircraft on ships as well as land-based aircraft that defended the Royal Navy's shore establishments and facilities.
Meth Lab Season 2: The Lithium
Meth Lab Season 2: The Lithium is the sixth studio album by American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan member Method Man. It was set to be released on November 13, 2018, but was rescheduled and released on December 14, 2018. Serving as a sequel to the rapper's previous album, The Meth Lab, it is the second album released through Hanz On Music Entertainment. The album features various guest performers including Noreaga, Redman, Sheek Louch, Snoop Dogg, and fellow Staten Islanders The Tenderloins (stars of the TV show Impractical Jokers), among others. The latter group would collaborate with Method Man in the ninth season of the show, however, Joe Gatto had left the show by this point.

Impractical Jokers
Impractical Jokers is an American hidden camera comedy and reality show with improvisational elements. Produced by NorthSouth Productions, Impractical Jokers premiered on truTV on December 15, 2011, starring the members of The Tenderloins: James "Murr" Murray, Brian "Q" Quinn, Sal Vulcano, and formerly Joe Gatto. In March 2024, the series was relocated to  TBS, who originally simulcast the tenth season, due to a programming network overhaul at truTV. Despite this, truTV continues to air reruns.

Impractical Jokers' twelfth season premiered on July 10, 2025. A feature-length film for the show was theatrically released on February 21, 2020.
CDC Northern Territory
CDC Northern Territory is a bus operator providing services in Alice Springs, Bathchelor, Darwin, Palmerston, Jabiru and Humpty Doo. It is the largest operator in the Northern Territory and the sole operator of the Darwinbus network.

CDC Northern Territory is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro Australia (CDC) since November 2018, and was rebranded from Buslink in July 2022. The Buslink brand was also used in bus operations in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria until 2020 when these operations were also rebranded to CDC.

Jabiru, Northern Territory
Jabiru is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Built in 1982, the town is completely surrounded by Kakadu National Park. At the 2016 census, Jabiru had a population of 1,081. It is named after the black-necked stork often seen in the wetlands and billabongs of Kakadu, which is commonly referred to in Australia as a jabiru.
Inhibitor of apoptosis domain
The inhibitor of apoptosis domain -- also known as IAP repeat, Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat, or BIR -- is a structural motif found in proteins with roles in apoptosis, cytokine production, and chromosome segregation. Proteins containing BIR are known as inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), or BIR-containing proteins (BIRPs or BIRCs), and include BIRC1 (NAIP), BIRC2 (cIAP1), BIRC3 (cIAP2), BIRC4 (xIAP), BIRC5 (survivin) and BIRC6.

BIR domains belong to the zinc-finger domain family and characteristically have a number of invariant amino acid residues, including 3 conserved cysteines and one conserved histidine, which coordinate a zinc ion. They are typically composed of 4-5 alpha helices and a three-stranded beta sheet.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Razzaq Farhan
Razzaq Farhan Mussa  (Arabic: رَزَّاق فَرْحَان مُوسَى; born 1 July 1974) is a former Iraqi footballer and Olympic athlete who is currently the assistant manager of the Iraq national football team.

Razzaq Farhan is an instinctive goalscorer, whose speed in thought and deed makes up for his size and power. The Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya forward scored 25 goals in 63 games for the Iraqi national team after making his debut against Lebanon.

Farhan has played for several professional clubs, including Qatar Sports Club and Al-Faisaly (Amman). He was also part of the Olympic team in the 2004 Olympic Games, and scored the only goal in a losing semifinal match against Paraguay.

Qatar SC
Qatar Sports Club (Arabic: نادي قطر الرياضي) is a sports club based in Doha, Qatar. It is best known for its football team which competes in the Qatar Stars League. The club was founded in 1959 with the merger of two Qatari football clubs, Al-Oruba and Al-Nasour.

They play their home games in the Qatar SC Stadium, which can accommodate 13,000 spectators. The club has recently diversified into sports other than football with an athletics division having been established, competing in sprinting, long jump and javelin throwing. The club adopted its current name, Qatar SC, in 1981.
Fun with Charades
Fun with Charades is an Australian television program which aired on Sundays from late 1956 to early 1958 on Melbourne station HSV-7. The show was originally hosted by Miles Maxwell, a music teacher at Brighton Grammar School. Later episodes were hosted by Danny Webb. The format was near-identical to the American series Pantomime Quiz, which itself saw an Australian version in 1957 on stations ATN-7 and GTV-9. It is not known if Fun with Charades was ever kinescoped.

Brighton Grammar School
Brighton Grammar School is a private Anglican day school for boys, located in Brighton, a south-eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Founded in 1882 by George Henry Crowther, Brighton Grammar has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for over 1,500 students from the Early Learning Centre (ELC) to Year 12. The majority of students are drawn from the City of Bayside and surrounding suburbs of Brighton, East Brighton, Elsternwick, Hampton, Sandringham, Highett, Beaumaris and Black Rock.

The school is affiliated with a number of associations including the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Australian Anglican Schools Network, the International Boys' Schools Coalition IBSC, and the Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APS).
Manilkara kauki
Manilkara kauki is a plant in the subfamily Sapotoideae, and the tribe Sapoteae of the family Sapotaceae; and is the type species for the genus Manilkara. It occurs in tropical Asia from Indo-China (Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam) to Malesia (Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea); and also in northern Queensland in Australia.

It is rarely planted commercially but as an ornamental plant.: 41, 50

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
French submarine Suffren
Suffren (Q284/S635) is a French nuclear attack submarine. It is the lead ship of the Suffren class, stemming from the Barracuda program. The vessel, like several others before it, is named after Vice-Admiral Pierre André de Suffren.

The Suffren was laid down on 19 December 2007 and launched on 1 August 2019 at Cherbourg. It was commissioned on 6 November 2020; while full operational service had originally been anticipated in 2021, this was pushed back into 2022 after further testing/trials by the French Navy. Pursuant to testing the submarine was then declared fully operational on 3 June 2022.

Attack submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants, and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called "multi-purpose submarines". They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets.

Attack submarines may be either nuclear-powered or diesel–electric ("conventionally") powered. In the U.S. Navy naming system, and in the equivalent NATO system (STANAG 1166), nuclear-powered attack submarines are known as SSNs and their anti-submarine (ASW) diesel–electric predecessors are SSKs. In the U.S. Navy, SSNs are unofficially called "fast attacks".
Belokataysky District
Belokataysky District (Russian: Белоката́йский райо́н; Bashkir: Балаҡатай районы, Balaqatay rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic and borders with Sverdlovsk Oblast in the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast in the east, Kiginsky District in the south, and with Mechetlinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,037 square kilometers (1,173 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Novobelokatay. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 20,169, with the population of Novobelokatay accounting for 29.6% of that number.

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
Merchantrade Asia
Merchantrade Asia (Merchantrade) is a financial service company based in Malaysia. The company's business is centered on international money transfers, foreign currency exchange, wholesale banknotes, digital payment processing and mobile telecommunications. They also introduced microinsurance as part of their service offerings.

Merchantrade Asia operates 94 outlets, 5 main wholesale banknote trading hubs, more than 450 agent locations and 480 cash-in and cash-out merchants throughout Malaysia. Its institutional shareholders are Celcom Axiata Bhd, Kenanga Investment Bank and MCIS Insurance Berhad (MCIS Life).

Suria KLCC
Suria KLCC is a 6-story shopping mall located at the foot of the Petronas Twin Towers. Suria KLCC is a premier shopping destination with over 300 flagship stores. The shopping mall is situated in Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The Bowman and The Spearman
The Bowman and The Spearman, also known collectively as Equestrian Indians, or simply Indians, are two bronze equestrian sculptures standing as gatekeepers in Congress Plaza, at the intersection of Ida B. Wells Drive and Michigan Avenue in Chicago's Grant Park, in the U.S. state of Illinois. The sculptures were made in Zagreb by Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović and installed at the entrance of the parkway in 1928. Funding was provided by the Benjamin Ferguson Fund.

Michigan Avenue (Chicago)
Michigan Avenue is a north-south street in Chicago that runs at 100 east on the Chicago grid.  The northern end of the street is at DuSable Lake Shore Drive on the shore of Lake Michigan in the Gold Coast Historic District. The street's southern terminus is at Sibley Boulevard in the southern suburb of Dolton, but like many other Chicago streets, it exists in several disjointed segments.

As the home of the Chicago Water Tower, the Art Institute of Chicago, Millennium Park, and the  shopping on the Magnificent Mile, it is a street well-known to Chicago natives as well as tourists to the city.  Michigan Avenue also is the main commercial street of Streeterville. It includes all of the Historic Michigan Boulevard District and most of the Michigan–Wacker Historic District, including the scenic urban space anchored by the DuSable (Michigan Avenue) Bridge.