hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ambio
Ambio: A Journal of Environment and Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It was established in 1972. The editor-in-chief is Bo Söderström (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences). It covers research concerning the human environment, including ecology, environmental economics, geology, geochemistry, geophysics, physical geography, human geography, paleontology, hydrology, water resources, oceanography, Earth sciences, meteorology, and other subjects.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.943, ranking it 18th out of 54 journals in the category "Engineering, Environmental" and 56th out of 279 journals in the category "Environmental Sciences".

Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.: 1  The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System, and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt.: 1  It is an integrated field of chemistry and geology.
Arup SenGupta
Arup K. SenGupta is an environmental engineer/scientist. He is the P.C. Rossin Professor Emeritus at Lehigh University.

SenGupta's research interests have included evaluating and applying novel adsorption materials, reactive polymer compounds, and ion exchange mechanisms in hybrid separation and environmental control methods. He has received the Grainger Silver Prize Award from the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the Lawrence K. Cecil Award from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and the Simon W. Freese Environmental Engineering Award & Lecture from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).

American Institute of Chemical Engineers
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is a professional organization for chemical engineers. AIChE was established in 1908 to distinguish chemical engineers as professionals independent of chemists and mechanical engineers.

By 2024, AIChE had over 60,000 members from over 110 countries  (sources vary). There are over 350 active student chapters at universities worldwide. Student chapters aim to provide networking opportunities in academia and industry as well as increase student involvement locally and nationally.
Halvdan Ljøsne
Halvdan Ljøsne (31 May 1929 in Vågå Municipality, Oppland – 6 February 2006) was a Norwegian painter.

He was born in Vågå Municipality. He took his education at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry from 1949 to 1950, the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts from 1950 to 1953 (under Aage Storstein and Jean Heiberg) and the Academie Ranson from 1953 to 1954. He worked as a lecturer at the Norwegian Institute of Technology from 1958 to 1967. He was then a professor at the National Academy of Fine Arts from 1967 to 1983, serving as rector from 1974 to 1977. He is represented with nine works in the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design.

He settled at Haslum, and died in February 2006.

National Museum of Norway
The National Museum (Norwegian: Nasjonalmuseet, officially the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design) is a museum in Oslo, Norway which holds the Norwegian state's public collection of art, architecture, and design objects. The collection totals over 400,000 works, amongst them the first copy of Edvard Munch's The Scream from 1893. The museum is state-owned and managed by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture.

The National Museum was established in 2003 by the merging of the Museum of Architecture, the Museum of Industrial Art, the Museum of Decorative Arts and Design, the Museum of Contemporary Art, and the National Gallery of Norway. In 2022, the museum opened its new building at Vestbanehallen at the centre of Oslo, housing the entirety of the collections from these previous museums.

The current director of the museum is Karen Hindsbo.
Allobates talamancae
Allobates talamancae (common names: Talamanca rocket frog, striped rocket frog, Talamanca striped rocket frog) is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is found in northwestern Ecuador, western Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, and southern Nicaragua.

Aromobatidae
The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs or cryptic poison frogs. They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are.
Battle of Pooneryn
The Battle of Pooneryn (LTTE code-named Operation Thavalai Paachchal (Frog Leap)) took place between the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE or Tamil Tigers) and the Sri Lankan military during the Sri Lankan Civil War for control of the military base in Pooneryn in northern Sri Lanka from 11 November to 14 November 1993.

The LTTE launched a surprise attack, code-named Operation Thavalai (Frog), on the government-controlled area of Pooneryn, overrunning the garrison and capturing military hardware before withdrawing against military reinforcements introduced through sea borne landings.

Sri Lanka Armed Forces
The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The three services have around 346,700 active personnel; conscription has never been imposed in Sri Lanka. As of 2021 it is the 14th largest military in the world, with 1.46% of the Sri Lankan population actively serving.
Munder, Udupi
Munder is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Karkala taluk of Udupi district in Karnataka.

According to 2011 census, Munder had a population of 5,747 with 2,581 males and 3,166 females.

An annual Ter (car festival) happens on 6th day of Maayi tingolu according to Tulu calendar and it falls every year on 17 or 18 February. Maarnemi and Deepothsavam are other special days.  Jalaka (dipping in river shambhavi) takes place on the next day of the Ter (Rathotsava).

Karkala
Karkala (Kannada: [kɑːɾkəɭə]) (Tulu: [kɑːɾlə]) is a town and the headquarters of eponymous Karkala taluk in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India. It is well known as an important center of Jainism, with several ancient basadis (Jain temples) and the iconic 42-foot monolithic statue of Bahubali (Gommateshwara) dating back to the 15th century. Karkala lies near the foothills of the Western Ghats, and has a number of natural and historical landmarks, and is a major tourist and transit destination due to its strategic location along the way to Hebri, Sringeri, Kalasa, Horanadu, Udupi, Kollur, Subrahmanya and Dharmasthala.
Bubb
Bubb is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Bubb (fl. 1980s), rugby league footballer

Alvin Bubb (born 1980), Grenadian footballer and cousin of Byron

Bradley Bubb (born 1988), Grenadian international footballer

Byron Bubb (born 1981), Grenadian footballer and cousin of Alvin

Clive Bubb (1936–2004),  Australian politician

Ernest Bubb (1884–1946), Australian cricketer

Frank W. Bubb Sr. (1892–1961), scientist and a mathematician

George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, born George Bubb (1691–1762), English politician and diarist

Henry Bubb (1907–1989), American businessman

J. G. Bubb (1782–1853), sculptor of the Victorian era

Les Bubb, mime artist from the UK

Roy Bubb (1900–1965), Australian cricketer

Stephen Bubb (born 1952)

J. G. Bubb
James George Bubb (1781–1853) was a prolific sculptor in marble and artificial stone of the early Victorian era who is now largely forgotten. His sculptures adorn buildings across the United Kingdom whilst his relief adorning the Italian Opera House in London was the largest undertaken in Great Britain at that time.
Out-wintering pads
Out-wintering pads (OWPs) are a cattle-housing system in which a layer of timber residue (often ~50 mm woodchips is placed over an artificially drained surface to control solid and liquid excreta from animal confinement. In some climates such as the United Kingdom and Ireland, OWPs allow livestock to be housed outdoors over winter.

“Spent” timber residues (STRs, timber residues soiled with animal excreta) can be applied to land as a source of organic matter and nutrients.

Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material or natural organic matter (NOM) is the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals. Organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that do not involve life. Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin, and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Organic matter is very important in the movement of nutrients in the environment and plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.
Hesse's Demi Bastion
Hesse's Demi Bastion is a demi-bastion in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is part of the Northern Defences of Gibraltar. The bastion forms a link in a chain of fortifications which ascend the lower north-west slopes of the Rock of Gibraltar, below the King's Lines Battery and Bombproof Battery. The Moorish Castle's Tower of Homage is at the top of the same incline.

Bastion
A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the curtain wall of a fortification, most commonly angular in shape and positioned at the corners of the fort. The fully developed bastion consists of two faces and two flanks, with fire from the flanks being able to protect the curtain wall and the adjacent bastions. Compared with the medieval fortified towers they replaced, bastion fortifications offered a greater degree of passive resistance and more scope for ranged defence in the age of gunpowder artillery. As military architecture, the bastion is one element in the style of fortification dominant from the mid 16th to mid 19th centuries.
Young Blood, Old Souls
"Young Blood, Old Souls" is the nineteenth episode and season finale of the first season of the American animated television series The Owl House, and the 19th episode overall. The episode was directed by Stephen Sandoval, and the teleplay was written by Dana Terrace and Rachel Vine, from a story by Zach Marcus, Lee Knox Ostertag, John Bailey Owen, Dana Terrace and Rachel Vine.

"Young Blood, Old Souls" was first released on DisneyNow and video on demand on August 29, 2020 and aired later that same day on Disney Channel. It received a mixed reception from critics.

Lee Knox Ostertag
Lee Knox Ostertag (previously Molly Knox Ostertag, born October 28, 1991) is an American cartoonist and writer. His work includes the animated series The Owl House, webcomic Strong Female Protagonist, the middle grade graphic novel series The Witch Boy, The Hidden Witch, and The Midwinter Witch, and on the series Tales of the Night Watchman. He was named one of Forbes magazine's 30 Under 30 in 2021.
Italian Canadians in Greater Montreal
Montreal and its suburbs have a substantial Italian Canadian community. As of 2021, 17.3% of the ethnic Italians in Canada live in Greater Montreal.

Montreal's Italian community is one of the largest in Canada, second only to Toronto. With 267,240 residents of Italian ancestry as of the 2021 census in Greater Montreal, Montreal has many Italian districts, such as La Petite-Italie, Saint-Leonard (Città Italiana), Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal-Nord, LaSalle, and the Saint-Raymond area of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. The community has also since spread into Laval and the West Island suburbs. Italian is the third most spoken language in Montreal and in the province of Quebec.

Montréal-Nord
Montreal North (French: Montréal-Nord, pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal nɔʁ]) is a borough within the city of Montreal, Canada. It consists entirely of the former city of Montreal North on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec. It was amalgamated into the City of Montreal on January 1, 2002.

Around the start of the 21st century, Montreal North developed a reputation as being one of Montreal's most dangerous boroughs, along with Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. The area contains a sizable community living below the poverty line, though it also has middle-class and upper-middle-class residences. It is also home to one of Canada's largest Haitian communities.
Johann Mouse
Johann Mouse is a 1953 American one-reel animated cartoon and the 75th Tom and Jerry cartoon, released in theaters as early as February 17, 1953 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The short is directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, composed by Scott Bradley, and animated by Kenneth Muse, Ray Patterson, Ed Barge, and Irven Spence. It won the 1952 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, the seventh and last Oscar given to a Tom and Jerry short.

Irven Spence
Irven LeRoy Spence (April 24, 1909 – September 21, 1995) was an American animator. He was best known for his work on MGM's Tom and Jerry animated shorts. Spence has been credited variously as Irven Spence, Irvin Spence, and Irv Spence.
Nam Jae-hui
Nam Jae-hui (Korean: 남재희; 18 January 1934 – 15 September 2024) was a South Korean journalist and politician. A member of the Democratic Republican Party and the Democratic Justice Party, he served in the National Assembly from 1979 to 1992 and was Minister of Labor from 1993 to 1994.

Nam died on 15 September 2024, at the age of 90.

Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)
The Democratic Republican Party (DRP; Korean: 민주공화당; RR: Minju gonghwadang) was a conservative, broadly corporatist and nationalist political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963 to its dissolution under Chun Doo-hwan in 1980.
Hamza Kastrioti
Hamza Kastrioti (Latin: Ameses Castriota) was a 15th-century Albanian nobleman and the nephew of Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg.  After the Battle of Nish he deserted Ottoman troops together with his uncle Skanderbeg, converted to Christianity and changed his name to Branilo. He supported Skanderbeg's uprising and was the vice captain of Skanderbeg's troops when they captured Krujë in 1443.

Principality of Kastrioti
The Principality of Kastrioti (Albanian: Principata e Kastriotit) was one of the Albanian principalities during the Late Middle Ages. It was formed by Pal Kastrioti who ruled it until 1407, after which his son, Gjon Kastrioti ruled until his death in 1437 and then ruled by the national hero of Albania, Skanderbeg.
Luis Albornoz
Luis Alberto Albornoz Carreras (born 18 November 1908, date of death unknown) was a Peruvian sports shooter. He competed in the 300 metre rifle, three positions event at the 1960 Summer Olympics, finishing 33rd.

Albornoz also competed in team rifle events at the Pan American Games. He won two silvers and one bronze medal at the inaugural 1951 games in Buenos Aires, and one bronze at the 1959 games in Chicago, representing his native Peru.

Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's 300 metre free rifle, three positions
The men's 300 m rifle three positions was a shooting sports event held as part of the Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics programme. It was the eighth appearance of the event at an Olympic Games. The competition was held on 3 and 5 September 1960, with 39 shooters from 22 nations competing. Nations had been limited to two shooters each since the 1952 Games. The event was won by Hubert Hammerer in Austria's debut in the event. Hans Rudolf Spillmann of Switzerland took silver. Soviet Vasily Borisov was the second man to win two medals in the event, adding a bronze to his 1956 gold.
Chana Jor Garam
Chana Jor Garam is a common street snack in most  Indian states. It is usually made from chickpeas that are roasted and spiced. The chickpeas are soaked, dried and fried, and then flattened into small discs. The main ingredients are freshly chopped tomatoes, onion, few spices and a green chutney.  It has  a zesty and tart flavor. It is eaten with  onion, lemon, tomato and green chilies. It is enjoyed both as a snack or as a crunchy addition to side dishes.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.
Botswana national cricket team
The Botswana national cricket team is the men's team that represents Botswana in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 2005, after previously being an affiliate member since 2001 and an associate member in 2017. They are in Division Five of the World Cricket League and are ranked at joint 29th in the world by the ICC. They are the 5th-highest ranked non-Test team in the African region. The team's coach is former Kenyan ODI player Joseph Angara, who was appointed in July 2015.

Benoni, South Africa
Benoni is a town on the East Rand, Gauteng, South Africa, some 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Johannesburg, within the City of Ekurhuleni municipality.

Benoni was also the setting for the MTV-inspired movie Crazy Monkey: Straight Outta Benoni, released internationally in 2005.
CallFire
CallFire Inc. is a cloud telephony services provider (SaaS) headquartered in Santa Monica, California, known locally as Silicon Beach. CallFire develops web-based VoIP products and services as a business-to-business (B2B) service for small and medium-sized businesses (SMB's).

Business-to-business
Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB or B4B) refers to trade and commercial activity where a business sees other businesses as its customer base. This typically occurs when:

A business sources materials for its production process for output (e.g., a food manufacturer purchasing salt), i.e. providing raw material to the other company that will produce output.

A business needs the services of another for operational reasons (e.g., a food manufacturer employing an accountancy firm to audit their finances).

A business re-sells goods and services produced by others (e.g., a retailer buying the end product from the food manufacturer).

Business-to-business activity is thought to allow business segmentation.

B2B is often contrasted with business-to-consumer (B2C) trade, the latter of which typically sells directly to the general public and consumers, rather than other businesses and organisations.
McCartney III
McCartney III is the eighteenth solo album by English musician Paul McCartney, released on 18 December 2020 by Capitol Records. It serves as a continuation to his solo albums McCartney (1970) and McCartney II (1980). Similar to those albums, McCartney III features McCartney on most instruments.

McCartney III became McCartney's first UK number-one solo album since Flowers in the Dirt in 1989, and debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 albums chart. At the 64th Annual Grammy Awards, it was nominated for Best Rock Album and Best Rock Song (for "Find My Way"). In 2022, the album was packaged with McCartney and McCartney II as part of the McCartney I II III box set.

Mary McCartney
Mary Anna McCartney (born 28 August 1969) is an English photographer, documentary filmmaker, plant-based and vegetarian cookbook author, and activist. She is the Global Ambassador for Meat Free Monday.
Will Anderson (fullback)
Willard August Anderson (May 5, 1897 – April 24, 1982) was an American football player.

Anderson was born in Muskegon, Michigan, in 1897. He attended high school there as well. He then enrolled at Syracuse University where he played college football from 1919 to 1922. He received Syracuse's Corpse and Coffin football trophy in March 1922.

Andersonalso played professional football as a fullback for the Rochester Jeffersons in the National Football League (NFL). He appeared in four NFL games, three as a starter, during the 1923 and 1924 seasons.

Anderson later became a high school football coach, holding positions including Ogdensburg, New York,  Anderson died in 1982 in Hinsdale, Illinois.

Rochester Jeffersons
The Rochester Jeffersons were an American football team based in Rochester, New York, from 1898 to 1925.  The team was a founding member of the National Football League (NFL), in which they played from 1920 to 1925.
Layangan Putus
Layangan Putus (transl. Broken Kite) is an Indonesian drama streaming television series produced by Manoj Punjabi under MD Entertainment. Written by Oka Aurora and directed by Benny Setiawan, the story is based on a viral story that started with a story written on social media which was continued into a novel entitled Layangan Putus, written by the same person as pen name Mommy ASF. It starred Reza Rahadian, Putri Marino, and Anya Geraldine. The series premiered on WeTV and iflix as a WeTV original series on 26 November 2021, and also aired on RCTI on 9 February 2022. It went off-air on 22 January 2022.

Tencent Video
Tencent Video (Chinese: 腾讯视频; pinyin: Téngxùn Shìpín, also called WeTV outside of China) is a Chinese video streaming website owned by Tencent, launched in April 2011. As of October 2022, Tencent Video has 120 million paid subscribers, making it the 4th largest streaming service in the world, after Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+. Tencent Video also operates an international version, WeTV, which was launched in 2018.

Tencent Video supports online video on demand, television broadcasts, and in July 2017 began featuring video content on TCL Corporation, China's biggest television maker.
2014–15 Liga III
The 2014–15 Liga III season is the 59th season of the Liga III, the third tier of the Romanian football league system. The season began on 30 August.

There is a new system, with five series of 13/14 teams that will play a regular season as a round-robin tournament. At the end of the regular season, the first team from each series will be promoted to Liga II. The last two teams from the series with 14 teams and the last one from the series with 13 teams will relegate to Liga IV. From the 12th placed teams, another three are relegated. To determine these teams, separate standings are computed, using only the games played against clubs ranked 1st through 11th.

Liga III
The Liga 3, most often spelled as Liga III, is the third level of the Romanian football league system. It was founded in 1936 and was called Divizia C until 2006. An exception was the seasons 1992–93 to 1996–97, in which the league was called Divizia B. Its name was changed from Divizia C to Liga III before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Hypanus
Hypanus is a genus of stingrays in the family Dasyatidae from warmer parts of the East Pacific and Atlantic, including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. The genus was previous regarded as a junior synonym of the genus Dasyatis.

Charles Alexandre Lesueur
Charles Alexandre Lesueur (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl alɛksɑ̃dʁ ləsɥœʁ]; 1 January 1778 in Le Havre – 12 December 1846 in Le Havre) was a French naturalist, artist, and explorer. He was a prolific natural-history collector, gathering many type specimens in Australia, Southeast Asia, and North America, and was also responsible for describing numerous species, including the spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera), smooth softshell turtle (A. mutica), and common map turtle (Graptemys geographica). Both Mount Lesueur and Lesueur National Park in Western Australia are named in his honor.