hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oviatt
Oviatt is a surname. Notable people called Oviatt include:

Oviatt Cole, American politician in Ohio

Candace Oviatt, ecologist at the University of Rhode Island

Miles M. Oviatt (1840–1880), Corporal in the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor

Sharon Oviatt, computer scientist, professor and researcher

Oviatt Cole
Oviatt Cole was an American politician in Ohio. A Republican, he was Ohio State Auditor 1863–1864.

When Ohio State Auditor Robert Walker Tayler, Sr. resigned in 1863 to take another position, Oviatt Cole of Medina County, Ohio was appointed by Governor Tod to fill the office.

At the Republican State Convention later in 1863, Cole lost on the first ballot to James H. Godman for the nomination for Auditor.

While living in Litchfield, Ohio, Cole was Recorder of Medina County, Ohio from 1836–1842.
Samé
Samé or Samé Diomgoma is a village and commune in the Cercle of Kayes in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. The commune includes 18 villages and lies to the south of the Senegal River. The Dakar-Niger Railway passes through Samé. In 2009, the commune had a population of 12,820.

Dakar–Niger Railway
The Dakar–Niger Railway (French: Chemin de fer Dakar-Niger) connects Dakar, Senegal to Koulikoro, Mali. The name refers to the Niger River, not the Republic of Niger. It serves many cities in Senegal, including Thiès, and in Mali, including Kayes, Kita, Kati, Bamako. The line covers a course of 1,287 km of which 641 km lies in Mali.

There have been no international passenger trains in operation since 2010. A scheduled passenger service between Kayes and Bamoko (both in Mali) restarted in 2023.
Evolution of the human oral microbiome
The evolution of the human oral microbiome is the study of microorganisms in the oral cavity and how they have adapted over time. There are recent advancements in ancient dental research that have given insight to the evolution of the human oral microbiome. Using these techniques it is now known what metabolite classes have been preserved and the difference in genetic diversity that exists from ancient to modern microbiota. The relationship between oral microbiota and its human host has changed and this transition can directly be linked to common diseases in human evolutionary past. Evolutionary medicine provides a framework for reevaluating oral health and disease and biological anthropology provides the context to identify the ancestral human microbiome. These disciplines together give insights into the oral microbiome and can potentially help contribute to restoring and maintaining oral health in the future.

Evolutionary medicine
Evolutionary medicine or Darwinian medicine is the application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease.  Modern biomedical research and practice have focused on the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying health and disease, while evolutionary medicine focuses on the question of why evolution has shaped these mechanisms in ways that may leave us susceptible to disease.  The evolutionary approach has driven important advances in the understanding of cancer, autoimmune disease, and anatomy. Medical schools have been slower to integrate evolutionary approaches because of limitations on what can be added to existing medical curricula. The International Society for Evolution, Medicine and Public Health coordinates efforts to develop the field. It owns the Oxford University Press journal Evolution, Medicine and Public Health and The Evolution and Medicine Review.
Dunston Cave
Dunston Cave is an igneous cave on the Northern Range of Trinidad and Tobago. The cave is located on the grounds of the Asa Wright Nature Centre.  Originally named Guacharo Cave, it was renamed Dunston Cave in 1972 in honour of engineer John Dunston.  The caves are home to an Oilbird colony. These are the only nocturnal fruit eating birds in the world. They forage at night, navigating by echolocation in the same way as the bats.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
Carmyllie
Carmyllie (Gaelic: Càrn Mhoillidh) is a rural parish in Angus, Scotland. It is situated on high ground between Arbroath, on the coast, and the inland county town of Forfar. The main settlements in the parish are Redford, Greystone, Guynd and Milton of Carmyllie. There is a Church of Scotland church and a primary school. The Elliot Water rises in the west of the parish.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Hedera rhombea
Hedera rhombea, the Japanese ivy or songak, is a species of ivy in the Araliaceae family native to East Asia. It is native to Japan, the Korean Peninsula, the Ryukyu Islands, and Taiwan, where it is common on rocky slopes and growing up the trunks of trees, especially in laurel forest, a type of cloud forest.

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Harry Kisoensingh
Harry Kisoensingh (22 September 1954 in Nickerie District, Suriname –  27 April 2008), was chairman of the Union of Progressive Surinamese and was a Surinamese educator.

In 1973, Kisoensingh was one of the found members of the Renewed Progressive Party (HPP). In 1991, he was first elected to the National Assembly of Suriname. He served as vice Chairman of the National Assembly of Suriname from 1996 to 2000, while being in the opposition.

On 30 May 1999, he was re-elected to the chairmanship of the HPP. The HPP became part of the Union of Progressive Surinamese in 2004.

National Assembly (Suriname)
The National Assembly (Dutch: De Nationale Assemblée, commonly abbreviated "DNA") is the Parliament, representing the legislative branch of government in Suriname. It is a unicameral legislature. The assembly has been situated in the former park house at the Independence Square in Paramaribo, after a fire destroyed the old building of representation on 1 August 1996. A reconstruction of the old building was completed in 2022.

The 51 members of parliament are elected every five years by open list proportional representation on the basis of the country's component districts. The most recent elections were held on 25 May 2025. The current Chairman of the Assembly, Marinus Bee, was appointed on 14 July 2020. Dew Sharman was appointed as Vice Chairman on 29 June 2020.
Skyline (Sweden)
Skyline (IATA: OX) was a Swedish charter airline which operated from 1971 to 1978. It had a fleet of Vickers Viscount aircraft, operating between one and three at any given time and a total of five aircraft. Based in Malmö, it initially flew out of Malmö Bulltofta Airport. The airport closed in 1972 and Skyline moved to Malmö Sturup Airport.

From 1975 to 1977 the company experienced a major increase to traffic flying three aircraft for Linjeflyg for its scheduled, domestic network. Flying out of Stockholm Bromma Airport, it served seven towns in southern Sweden. On 15 January 1977 one its aircraft flying Linjeflyg Flight 618 crashed at Kälvesta during approach to Bromma, killing all 22 people on board. The Linjeflyg contract expired that year and the company ceased operations in 1978.

Malmö Airport
Malmö Airport (IATA: MMX, ICAO: ESMS) is an international airport located in Scania, Sweden, approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) east of Malmö. It is Sweden's fifth-busiest airport, with just over 905,000 passengers in 2024 - 53% domestic and 47% international.

The airport opened in 1972 to replace Bulltofta Airport, and was known until 2007 as Malmö-Sturup Airport (Swedish: Malmö-Sturups flygplats). It is owned and operated by Swedavia, Sweden's state-owned airport company, and features one passenger terminal, two cargo terminals, and a single 2,800-metre runway.

Located in Svedala Municipality, Malmö Airport is about 55 kilometres (34 mi) from central Copenhagen, and 47 kilometres (29 mi) from Copenhagen Airport via the Öresund Bridge. Malmö itself is roughly the same distance by road to Copenhagen Airport as to Malmö Airport.
Packaged Pleasures
Packaged Pleasures: How Technology and Marketing Revolutionized Desire is a 2014 nonfiction book written by Gary S. Cross and Robert N. Proctor and published by the University of Chicago Press. It analyzes the history of packaging through a number of case studies and how the rise of capitalism has led to rapid innovation and usage of packages throughout the world in order to satiate people's desire for goods.

Goods
In economics, goods are anything that is good, usually in the sense that it provides welfare or utility to someone. Goods can be contrasted with bads, i.e. things that provide negative value for users, like chores or waste. A bad lowers a consumer's overall welfare.

Economics focuses on the study of economic goods, i.e. goods that are scarce; in other words, producing the good requires expending effort or resources. Economic goods contrast with free goods such as air, for which there is an unlimited supply.

Goods are the result of the secondary sector of the economy which involves the transformation of raw materials or intermediate goods into goods.
Affleck–Dine mechanism
The Affleck–Dine mechanism (AD mechanism) is a postulated mechanism for explaining baryogenesis during the primordial Universe immediately following the Big Bang. Thus, the AD mechanism may explain the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the current Universe. It was proposed in 1985 by Ian Affleck and Michael Dine of Princeton University.

In the supersymmetry theory of particle physics, ordinary quarks and leptons have scalar partners that carry baryon and lepton numbers. As the latter decay into fermions during the early Universe, the net baryon number that they carry can then form the currently observed excess of ordinary baryons. This occurs due to interactions of the scalars with the inflaton field, resulting in CP violations.

The AD mechanism must have occurred during or after the reheating event that followed cosmic inflation. This may explain why the net mass of normal matter and dark matter are apparently so close to each other, rather than being widely different.

Lepton number
In particle physics, lepton number (historically also called lepton charge)
is a conserved quantum number representing the difference between the number of leptons and the number of antileptons in an elementary particle reaction.
Lepton number is an additive quantum number, so its sum is preserved in interactions (as opposed to multiplicative quantum numbers such as parity, where the product is preserved instead). The lepton number  is defined by

where

is the number of leptons and

is the number of antileptons.

Lepton number was introduced in 1953 to explain the absence of reactions such as

ν + n → p + e−

in the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment, which instead observed

ν + p → n + e+ .

This process, inverse beta decay, conserves lepton number, as the incoming antineutrino has lepton number −1, while the outgoing positron (antielectron) also has lepton number −1.
Bravo Two Zero (film)
Bravo Two Zero is a 1999 two-hour television miniseries (broadcast in two parts between 3 and 4 January in the UK), based on the 1993 book of the same name by Andy McNab. The film covers real life events – from the perspective of Andy McNab, patrol commander of Bravo Two Zero, a British SAS patrol, tasked to find Iraqi Scud missile launchers during the Gulf War in 1991. The names of the patrol members killed were changed.

Bravo Two Zero was directed by Tom Clegg. A previous film about the patrol, The One That Got Away, based on the book of the same name by Chris Ryan, was broadcast in 1996 though it follows the perspective of Corporal Chris Ryan (Colin Armstrong).

Chris Ryan
Colin Armstrong, MM (born 1961), usually known by the pen-name Chris Ryan, is a British author, television presenter, security consultant and former Special Air Service sergeant.

After the publication of fellow patrol member Andy McNab's Bravo Two Zero in 1993, Ryan published his own account of his experiences during the Bravo Two Zero mission in 1995, entitled The One That Got Away. 
Since retiring from the British Army Ryan has published several fiction and non-fiction books, including Strike Back, which was subsequently adapted into a television series for Sky 1, and co-created the ITV action series Ultimate Force. He has also presented or appeared in numerous television documentaries connected to the military or law enforcement.
Richard Rainwater
Richard Edward Rainwater (June 15, 1944 – September 27, 2015) was an American investor and philanthropist. With an estimated net worth of $3 billion, he ranked 211th on the Forbes 400 in 2015.

His investing style was described as "analytically rigorous but opportunistic and Texas-sized in its audacity." Rainwater was a mentor and early backer of investors including Eddie Lampert, Roger Staubach, and David Bonderman. Between 2009 and his death in 2015, he suffered from progressive supranuclear palsy, a rare disease involving neurodegeneration. During his lifetime, Rainwater donated over $380 million to charitable causes and left nearly all of his estate to his charitable foundation.

Forbes 400
The Forbes 400 or 400 Richest Americans is a list published by Forbes magazine of the wealthiest 400 American citizens who own assets in the U.S., ranked by net worth. The 400 was started by Malcolm Forbes in 1982 and the list is published annually around September. Peter W. Bernstein and Annalyn Swan describe the Forbes 400 as capturing "a period of extraordinary individual and entrepreneurial energy, a time unlike the extended postwar years, from 1945 to 1982, when American society emphasized the power of corporations." Bernstein and Swan also describe it as representing "a powerful argument – and sometimes a dream – about the social value of wealth in contemporary America."

Since 2014, Forbes has published a "self-made score" alongside the list, indicating the degree to which each Forbes 400 member is responsible for their own wealth.
Amcho
Amcho or amcha, also transliterated as amkho or amkha (Hebrew: עמכו, romanized: ʾamkho, lit. 'one's people', plural: עמכות ʾamkhot; Yiddish: אמכא, romanized: amkha, lit. 'common people'), is an idiomatic term that refers to the common people, especially Jews, as opposed to the elite. It was commonly used among Jews in Europe, especially during the Holocaust, as a means of identification.

During World War II, when Jewish refugees were seeking family and friends during genocide, the term amcho served as a shibboleth to identify fellow Jews. In modern times, various survivors recall using it to determine if strangers were Jewish and potentially find allies or assistance.

The term originates from Hebrew עמך (amkhá) meaning "one's nation" or "people", through Yiddish עמך (ámkho) meaning "common people," essentially "Jews".

Commoner
A commoner, also known as the common man, commoners, the common people or the masses, was in earlier use an ordinary person in a community or nation who did not have any significant social status, especially a member of neither royalty, nobility, nor any part of the aristocracy. Depending on culture and period, other elevated persons (such members of clergy) may have had higher social status in their own right, or were regarded as commoners if lacking an aristocratic background.

This class overlaps with the legal class of people who have a property interest in common land, a longstanding feature of land law in England and Wales. Commoners who have rights for a particular common are typically neighbors, not the public in general.

In monarchist terminology, aristocracy and nobility are included in the term.
Robert Pearlman
Robert Zane Pearlman   (born January 14, 1976) is an American space historian and the founder and editor of collectSPACE, a website devoted to news and information concerning space exploration and space-related artifacts and memorabilia, especially in popular culture. He is also a contributing writer to Space.com.

Space.com
Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom. Launched on July 20, 1999, the website offers live coverage of space missions, astronomical discoveries and reviews about skywatching telescopes, binoculars and sci-fi entertainment gear.

It is owned by Future plc headquartered in the city of Bath, England. Its stories are often syndicated to other media outlets, including CNN, MSNBC, Yahoo!, and USA Today.
Nariman (film)
Nariman is a 2001 Indian Malayalam-language investigative film directed by K. Madhu and written by S. N. Swamy. It stars Suresh Gopi in the title role, with  Siddique, Jagadish, Samyuktha Varma, Sadiq, Vijayakumar, Janardhanan, Jagathy Sreekumar, Spadikam George, N. F. Varghese and Rajan P. Dev in supporting roles. The plot follows Ashok Nariman, a Crime Branch DySP who is assigned to re-investigate the "couple murder case" and then to investigate the "Ammini missing case". The film was dubbed in Hindi as Farz Ki Pukaar and in Telugu as Senathipathi.

Sadiq (Indian actor)
Muhammed Sadiq is an Indian actor working in Malayalam cinema. He has acted more than 500 Malayalam films. He predominantly appears in both supporting and villain roles. He was a theatre artist before making his film debut in the 1987 film Uppu.
Kurixalus berylliniris
Kurixalus berylliniris is a species of tree frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Taiwan and occurs in the eastern part of the island at moderate elevations. Before its description in 2016, it was confused with Kurixalus eiffingeri. The specific name berylliniris combines the Latin words beryllin (meaning "green-colored") and iris, in reference to the green iris of this frog.

Iris (anatomy)
The iris (pl.: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds that is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. Eye color is defined by the iris.
Clostridium ljungdahlii
Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming, gram-positive bacterium. It is named after the Swedish biochemist Lars G. Ljungdahl. When originally harvested from the waste matter of animals, it tended to produce acetate with respect to ethanol, but a major undertaking to increase the ethanol-to-acetate ratio was initiated. A 1993 publication by researchers from the University of Arkansas, in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Laboratories, showed results from a series of continuous reactor studies caused a major change in the bacterium's preference for ethanol production, which increased from <0.1 g/L to 1.8 g/L in a continuous stirred tank reactor.

This species can ferment certain components of syngas into ethanol. It also possesses properties of electrosynthesis, producing acetate on cathodes.

Acetate
An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base (e.g. alkaline, earthy, metallic, nonmetallic, or radical base). "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C2H3O−2. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion (called a cation) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminium, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH3CO−2, or CH3COO−.

Most of the approximately 5 million tonnes of acetic acid produced annually in industry are used in the production of acetates, which usually take the form of polymers. In nature, acetate is the most common building block for biosynthesis.
Tim Miley
Timothy Robert Miley (/ˈmaɪliː/; born April 11, 1966) is an American politician, personal injury attorney, and legal author who served as the 53rd speaker of the West Virginia House of Delegates from June 2013 to January 2015.  A member of the Democratic Party, he represented West Virginia's 48th district (previously, the 41st) from 2004 to 2020, which included the cities of Clarksburg and Bridgeport.  Subsequent to his speakership, Miley held the position of Minority Leader until his departure from the House in 2020.  Since leaving the legislature, Miley has continued to practice law at his firm, The Miley Legal Group.

West Virginia House of Delegates
The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature in West Virginia. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates.
Finlayson Township, Pine County, Minnesota
Finlayson Township is a township in Pine County, Minnesota, United States.  The population was 506 at the 2000 census. The township's original extent was reduced when the city of Finlayson was incorporated and separated from it.

Finlayson Township was named for David Finlayson, the owner of a local sawmill.

Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highways 18 and 23 are three of the main routes in the area.

Minnesota State Highway 23
Minnesota State Highway 23 (MN 23) is a state highway that stretches from southwestern to northeastern Minnesota. At 343.723 miles (553.169 km) in length, it is the second longest state route in Minnesota, after MN 1.

This route, signed east–west, runs roughly diagonally across Minnesota from southwest to northeast. It indirectly connects Duluth to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and passes through the cities of St. Cloud, Willmar, and Marshall.

MN 23 runs north from its interchange with Interstate 90 (I-90), 1.05 miles (1.69 km) east of the South Dakota line and 13 miles (21 km) east of Sioux Falls and then continues north and east across Minnesota to its terminus at its interchange with I-35 in Duluth.