hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Villard station
The Northern Pacific Depot or Villard Depot is a historic railway station in Villard, Minnesota, United States, built in 1882.  It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for having local significance in exploration/settlement and transportation.  The depot was constructed upon the completion of a new Northern Pacific Railway line and the platting of a new trackside town named after the railway's president Henry Villard.  The Little Falls and Dakota Branch line, running between Little Falls and Morris, Minnesota, provided a key link between the agricultural region of west-central Minnesota and the Great Lakes port of Duluth.  The depot now marks the eastern terminus of the Villard–Starbuck Trail, a rail trail in development from Villard through Glenwood, Starbuck, and on to Glacial Lakes State Park.

Little Falls, Minnesota
Little Falls is a city and the county seat of Morrison County, Minnesota, United States, near the geographic center of the state. The population was 9,140 at the 2020 census, up from 8,343 in 2010. Little Falls was the boyhood home of noted aviator Charles Lindbergh. Just across from his former home is Charles A. Lindbergh State Park, named after Lindbergh's father, prominent Minnesota lawyer and U.S. Congressman Charles August Lindbergh.
Jalo Oasis
Jalo Oasis (or Jalu, or Gialo) is an oasis in Cyrenaica, Libya, located west of the Great Sand Sea and about 250 km south-east of the Gulf of Sidra. Quite large, 19 kilometres (12 mi) long and up to 11 kilometres (7 mi) wide, it supports a number of settlements, the largest of which is the town of Jalu. Jalu was the administrative capital of the Jalu District from 1983 to 1988, at which time the area became part of the Ajdabiya District and as of 2007 is part of the Al Wahat District.

Because of its location and as a source of water, it had strategic importance during the North African Campaign in World War II and changed hands several times between Allied and Axis forces.

The water at the Jalo oasis is quite salty (3,880 parts per million). The water is an alkaline with a pH of 7.4 and is very hard with numerous dissolved salts in addition to sodium chloride.

Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
SEPECAT
SEPECAT (French: Société Européenne de Production de l'avion Ecole de Combat et d'Appui Tactique) was an Anglo-French aircraft manufacturer. Established in 1966, its aim was to handle the development and commercialization of the Jaguar, an attack and training aircraft. Organised as a Société Anonyme, the company was joint venture between British Aircraft Corporation and Breguet.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Alpental
Alpental, named after the German word for alpine valley, is both a valley in eastern King County, Washington, United States, and part of a ski area in the valley. The valley is about 50 miles (80 km) east of Seattle, Washington and is north of Snoqualmie Pass, in the Washington Cascades. It is a popular outdoor recreation destination in summer and winter. The ski area is one of four areas that make up The Summit at Snoqualmie.

Ski area
A ski area is the terrain and supporting infrastructure where skiing and other snow sports take place. Such sports include alpine and cross-country skiing, snow boarding, tubing, sledding, etc. Ski areas may stand alone or be part of a ski resort.
3rd Globes de Cristal Awards
The 3rd Globes de Cristal Award ceremony honoured the best French movies, actors, actresses, plays, concerts, novels, singers, TV series, exhibitions and fashion designers of 2006 and took place on 11 February 2008. The ceremony was chaired by Bernard-Henri Lévy.

Bernard-Henri Lévy
Bernard-Henri Georges Lévy (/leɪˈviː/; French: [bɛʁnaʁ ɑ̃ʁi ʒɔʁʒ levi]; born 5 November 1948) is a French public intellectual. Often referred to in France simply as BHL, he was one of the leaders of the "Nouveaux Philosophes" (New Philosophers) movement in 1976. His opinions, political activism, and publications have also been the subject of several controversies over the years.
Nahrin District
Nahrin (Dari: نهرین) is a district in the central part of Baghlan province in Afghanistan. To the west lie the major towns of Baghlan and Puli Khumri. The district centre is Nahrin. The population of the district was estimated to be around 57,509 in 2004, of which 60% are Tajiks, 35% Pashtun and 5% Uzbeks.

Baghlan
Baghlan , also known as Markazi Baghlan or Baghlan-i-Markazi, is a city in northern Afghanistan, in the eponymous Baghlan Province. It is within the jurisdiction of Baghlan District and has an estimated population of 219,073 people. The current mayor of the city is Qari Lutfullah Ubaidah.

Baghlan is located 4.8 km (3.0 mi) east of the Kunduz River and 56 km (35 mi) south of the Khanabad River. The city is about 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level in the northern Hindu Kush mountains. The city of Puli Khumri is known to be an economic hub connected to eight other provinces by the Afghanistan Ring Road, also known as National Highway 01.
Vettai (soundtrack)
Vettai is the soundtrack album composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja to the 2011 film of the same name directed by N. Lingusamy and produced by Thirrupathi Brothers and UTV Motion Pictures, starring Arya, R. Madhavan, Amala Paul and Sameera Reddy. The film featured five songs with lyrics written by Na. Muthukumar. The album was preceded with a single "Pappappa" which released on 12 December 2011, followed by the soundtrack release on 16 December, through the Saregama label. The music was positively reviewed by critics.

Sameera Reddy
Sameera (born 14 December 1978) is a former Indian actress who primarily worked in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu language films. She made her film debut with the 2002 film Maine Dil Tujhko Diya. Sameera is best known for starring in films such as Darna Mana Hai (2003), Musafir (2004), Jai Chiranjeeva (2005), Taxi No. 9211 (2006), Ashok (2006), Race (2008), Vaaranam Aayiram (2008), De Dana Dan (2009), Aakrosh (2010), Nadunisi Naaygal (2011), Vettai (2012) and Tezz (2012).
Harvey Worthington Loomis
Harvey Worthington Loomis (February 5, 1865, Brooklyn, New York – December 25, 1930, Boston, Massachusetts) was an American composer.  He is remembered today for his associations with the Indianist movement and the Wa-Wan Press.

Wa-Wan Press
The Wa-Wan Press was an American music publishing company founded in 1901 by composer Arthur Farwell in Newton Center, Massachusetts. The firm concentrated on publishing compositions by so-called Indianist movement members—composers who incorporated traditional Native American music into their works. Although it never achieved its founder's intentions of fomenting a classical musical revolution in the United States, the company saw success during its eleven-year history before being acquired and abandoned by G. Schirmer in 1912.
Gordon Stirling Maxwell
Gordon S. Maxwell (21 March 1938 – 19 November 2024) was a Scottish archaeologist. He made a significant contribution to the study of Roman Scotland and was a 'pioneer in the development of aerial reconnaissance in archaeology'.

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is the senior antiquarian body of Scotland, with its headquarters in the National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. The Society's aim is to promote the cultural heritage of Scotland.

The usual style of post-nominal letters for fellows is FSAScot.
Aybulyak
Aybulyak (Russian: Айбуляк; Bashkir: Айбүләк, Aybüläk) is a rural locality (a selo) in Bayguzinsky Selsoviet, Yanaulsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 285 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Yanaulsky District
Yanaulsky District (Russian: Янау́льский райо́н; Bashkir: Яңауыл районы, Yañawıl rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders Perm Krai to the north, Tatyshlinsky District to the east, Burayevsky District to the southeast, Kaltasinsky District to the south, Krasnokamsky District to the southwest and Udmurt Republic to the west. The area of the district is 2,094 square kilometers (808 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Yanaul (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,210.
Commonwealth Shakespeare Company
Commonwealth Shakespeare Company (CSC) was formed in 1996 by artistic director Steven Maler and associate Joan Moynagh to bring free, outdoor Shakespeare to the people of the city of Boston.  Since 1996, CSC has produced one full Shakespeare production each summer starting with A Midsummer Night's Dream in 1996 at Copley Square.  All subsequent productions have taken place in Boston Common, first at the Parkman Bandstand and now at the Parade Ground.  In addition to the annual Boston Common productions, CSC presents several free play-reading events during the year: Theatre in the Rough, Shakespeare and Law, as well as Shakespeare and Leadership. CSC has actor-training programs for both high school students and pre-professional actors with its Summer Academy. Throughout the year, CSC partners with area high schools and Boys & Girls Clubs to provide in and after-school theater activities to inner-city youth. In 2013, CSC became the theatre in residence at Babson College.

Twelfth Night
Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck. Viola (disguised as a page named 'Cesario') falls in love with the Duke Orsino, who in turn is in love with Countess Olivia. Upon meeting Viola, Countess Olivia falls in love with her, thinking she is a man.

The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion, with plot elements drawn from Barnabe Rich's short story "Of Apollonius and Silla", based on a story by Matteo Bandello. The first documented public performance was on 2 February 1602, at Candlemas, the formal end of the Christmastide–Epiphanytide season in the Christian liturgical year's calendar. The play was not published until its inclusion in the 1623 First Folio.
19th AVN Awards
The 19th AVN Awards ceremony, presented by Adult Video News (AVN), took place January 11, 2002 at the Venetian Hotel Grand Ballroom, at Paradise, Nevada, U.S.A. During the ceremony, AVN presented AVN Awards in more than 80 categories honoring the best pornographic films released between Oct. 1, 2000 and Sept. 30, 2001. The ceremony was produced by Gary Miller and directed by Mark Stone. Comedian Bobby Slayton hosted the show for the third time; his co-host was adult film star Teri Weigel.

Fade to Black won eight awards including Best Film and Best Director—Film for Paul Thomas. Other winners included Euphoria with seven trophies, Island Fever with three and numerous movies with two wins apiece.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
Hay MacDowall
Lieutenant-General Hay MacDowall (c. 1752 – c. 16 March 1809) was a Scottish officer in the British Army who was the sixth General Officer Commanding, Ceylon. He was appointed on 19 July 1799. He was succeeded by David Douglas Wemyss. Fort MacDowall in Matale was named due to his involvement during Kandyan Wars. Only the remnants of gateway and portion of the ramparts are exist today.

Matale
Matale (Sinhala: මාතලේ, IPA: [maːt̪əleː], Tamil: மாத்தளை, romanized: Māttaḷai, IPA: [maːt̪ɐɭɛi̯]) is a major city in Central Province, Sri Lanka. It is the administrative capital and largest urbanised city of Matale District. Matale is also the second largest urbanised and populated city in Central Province. It is located at the heart of the Central Highlands of the island and lies in a broad, green fertile valley at an elevation of 364 m (1,194 ft) above sea level. Surrounding the city are the Knuckles Mountain Range, the foothills were called Wiltshire by the British. They have also called this place as Matelle.
Sven Åderman
Sven Åderman was a Swedish inventor and officer who created a musket capable of firing more rapidly than other conventional weaponry of the late 17th century. This musket was first used in the Great Northern War. For his efforts King Frederick I of Sweden bestowed upon him the estate of Halltorp in the year 1723. At this time Åderman was a major. Halltorp had been a royal hunting farm belonging to the Swedish Crown for centuries.

Musket
A musket is a muzzle-loaded long gun that appeared as a smoothbore weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating plate armour. By the mid-16th century, this type of musket gradually disappeared as the use of heavy armour declined, but musketeers continued as the generic term for smoothbore long sticks until the mid-19th century. In turn, this style of musket was retired in the 19th century when rifled muskets (simply called rifles in modern terminology) using the Minié ball (invented by Claude-Étienne Minié in 1849) became common. The development of breech-loading firearms using self-contained cartridges, introduced by Casimir Lefaucheux in 1835, began to make muskets obsolete. The first reliable repeating rifles, the 1860 Henry rifle and its 1866 descendant the Winchester rifle, superseded muskets entirely. Repeating rifles quickly established themselves as the standard for rifle design, ending the era of the musket.
Pazzallo
Pazzallo is a quarter of the city of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Pazzallo was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2004.

Pazzallo lies on the slopes of Monte San Salvatore, uphill of the independent municipality of Paradiso that forms an exclave within the city of Lugano. Whilst the original nucleus lies on the higher slopes, the lower western slopes, towards the Lugano-Sud junction on the A2 motorway, are now more populous. To the south-east of Paradiso, Pazzallo has a shore on Lake Lugano.

Paradiso, Ticino
Paradiso is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It lies on the shore of Lake Lugano and, although administratively independent of the city of Lugano, it is surrounded on all other sides by that city.
Democratic Green Party of Rwanda
The Democratic Green Party of Rwanda (DGPR; French: Parti vert démocratique du Rwanda, PVDR; Kinyarwanda: Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije, IRDKI) is a green political party in Rwanda, established in 2009. The party was registered in August 2013, but too late to contest the 2013 parliamentary elections. Its platform emphasizes unity, non-violence, social justice, participatory democracy, and calls for subsidized prices for agricultural produce. It believes that the unalienable rights of the people include "the right to life, liberty, peaceful assembly, expression, worship and the pursuit of happiness", and that these rights are granted by God.

Kinyarwanda
Kinyarwanda, officially known as Ikinyarwanda, is a Bantu language and the national language of Rwanda. It is a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language that is also spoken in Uganda, where the dialect is known as Ikinyakore, Rufumbira, or Urufumbira. Kinyarwanda is universal among the native population of Rwanda and is mutually intelligible with Kirundi, the national language of neighbouring Burundi.

In 2010, the Rwanda Academy of Language and Culture (RALC) was established to help promote and sustain Kinyarwanda. The organization attempted an orthographic reform in 2014, but it was met with pushback due to their perceived top-down and political nature, among other reasons.
Manmohan Tiwari
Manmohan Tiwari (born 20 January 1984) is an Indian television and film actor and host.

He debuted with the show Jamunia but gained recognition from the television show Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya (2011–12) and Hum Hain Na (2014). Apart from this Manmohan has acted in multiple television series, including Arakshan (2011), Honge Juda Na Hum (2013), Anamika (2013), Pavitra Bandhan (2013), Police Factory (2015), and Jana Na Dil Se Door (2016).

Manmohan was also one of the four finalists in the first of its kind reality show Rakhi Ka Swayamwar. He has hosted travel series like Namah Shivay on Anandam and 7th & 8th Aadhi Abadi Award Show.

He made his debut in Bollywood with the film Awesome Mausam and has worked in five Bhojpuri films. As of 2019, he is seen as Rohit in Balaji Telefilms's hugely popular fiction drama Kumkum Bhagya on ZEE TV.

Armanon Ka Balidaan-Aarakshan
Armanon Ka Balidaan-Aarakshan (transl. Sacrifice of wishes-Conservation) is a 2010-2011 Indian political thriller television series aired on Imagine TV. The show was set during the period of the Mandal Commission protests of 1990. The show garnered controversy for airing promos containing political violence. The series was directed by Ravindra Gautam.
Eastern Passage (Alaska)
Eastern Passage is a channel in Southeast Alaska, United States. It extends southeast 29 kilometres (18 mi) from the mouth of the Stikine River to The Narrows, separating the northeastern half of Wrangell Island from the mainland. It was named in 1877 by William Healy Dall of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. It was first traversed and charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers during his 1791-95 expedition.

George Vancouver
Captain George Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/; 22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer best known for leading the Vancouver Expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of what became the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. states of Alaska, Washington, Oregon and California. The expedition also explored the Hawaiian Islands and the southwest coast of Australia.

Various places named for Vancouver include Vancouver Island, the city of Vancouver in British Columbia, Vancouver River on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Vancouver, Washington, in the United States, Mount Vancouver on the Canadian–US border between Yukon and Alaska, and New Zealand's fourth-highest mountain, also Mount Vancouver.
Annie Rose Briggs
Annie Lydia Rose (1883 – 1972) was a gold prospector and mining entrepreneur active between 1910 and 1972 in Bear Canyon and adjoining Pine Canyon in the north-west corner of the Angeles National Forest. She was uncharacteristically bold beyond her age, gender, and the restraints of the late Victorian era in which she grew up. During her life and now through her legacy, she is considered an authority on the legendary Lost Horse Mine also referred to as the Lost Padre Mine.

Adobe
Adobe (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; Spanish: [aˈðoβe]; via Spanish, from Arabic  الطّوب (at-tūb)) is a building material made from loam and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 BP.
Eclipse (rocket)
Eclipse, previously known as Firefly Beta and the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV), is a two-stage, partially reusable medium-lift launch vehicle being jointly developed by Firefly Aerospace and Northrop Grumman. Formally announced in 2022, the rocket is designed to be a successor to Northrop Grumman's Antares launch vehicle, able to be partially reused and can launch 16,300 kg (35,900 lb) into low Earth orbit. Currently, the maiden launch of Eclipse is slated for the second half of 2026.

Two-stage-to-orbit
A two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) or two-stage rocket is a launch vehicle in which two distinct stages provide propulsion consecutively in order to achieve orbital velocity. It is intermediate between a three-stage-to-orbit launcher and a hypothetical single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) launcher.

At liftoff the first stage is responsible for accelerating the vehicle.  At some point the second stage detaches from the first stage and continues to orbit under its own power.

An advantage of such a system over single-stage-to-orbit is that most of the dry mass of the vehicle is not carried into orbit. This reduces the cost involved in reaching orbital velocity, as much of the structure and engine mass is ejected, and a larger percentage of the orbited mass is payload mass.

An advantage over three or more stages is a reduction in complexity and fewer separation events, which reduces cost and risk of failure.
Miles Murphy
Miles Murphy (born 19 May 1967) is an Australian former sprinter who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics. At the 1986 Commonwealth Games he won a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay.

He became chief executive officer of the Australian Paralympic Committee in December 2008. He left the role in January 2010.

1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.

The Games were commemorated on the UK's first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew's saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.