hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zhang Mao
Zhang Mao (Chinese: 張茂; pinyin: Zhāng Mào; 277–324), courtesy name Chengxun (成遜), formally Prince Chenglie of (Former) Liang ((前)涼成烈王) (posthumous name given by Han-Zhao) or Duke Cheng of Xiping (西平成公) (posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese Former Liang state. During the brief reign of his grandnephew Zhang Zuo, he was honored as Prince Cheng of Liang (涼成王).

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota
The 2002 congressional elections in Minnesota, were held on November 5, 2002 to determine who would represent the state, in the United States House of Representative.

Minnesota had eight seats in the House, and the 2002 congressional election was the first held pursuant to the apportionment made according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 108th Congress from January 3, 2003 until January 3, 2005.  The election coincided with a U.S. Senate election and a gubernatorial election. DFLer Bill Luther, formerly of the 6th congressional district, who was redistricted into the 2nd congressional district, was the only incumbent in Minnesota's House delegation who failed to win reelection.

Minnesota's 6th congressional district
Minnesota's 6th congressional district includes most or all of Benton, Carver, Sherburne, Stearns, Wright, and Anoka counties. Many of the Twin Cities' outer northern and western suburbs are included within the boundaries of this district, such as Blaine (the district's largest city), Andover, Chaska, Ramsey, St. Michael-Albertville, Elk River, Chanhassen, Otsego, Lino Lakes, Buffalo, Ham Lake, Monticello, Waconia, Big Lake, East Bethel, and Victoria. The St. Cloud Area is the other major center of population for the district, including the cities of St. Cloud (the district's second-largest city), Sartell, Sauk Rapids and Waite Park.

It is currently represented by Republican House Majority Whip Tom Emmer.
2023 Dubai Tennis Championships
The 2023 Dubai Tennis Championships (also known as the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships for sponsorship reasons) was a professional ATP 500 event on the 2023 ATP Tour and a WTA 1000 tournament on the 2023 WTA Tour. Both events were held at the Aviation Club Tennis Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The women's tournament took place from 19 to 25 February 2023, and the men's tournament from 27 February to 4 March 2023.

ATP 500 tournaments
The ATP 500 tournaments (previously known as the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, ATP International Series Gold, and ATP Championship Series) are the fourth-highest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, and the ATP Masters 1000 events. The winners of each tournament are awarded 500 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2025, the series includes 16 tournaments, which have draws of 32 for singles (except for the Washington Open: 48) and 16 for doubles. Leading players must enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a "zero" score towards their world ranking for each one short.

Roger Federer has won the most ATP 500 singles titles (24), while Daniel Nestor has won the most doubles titles (20).
George William Kinman
George William Kinman (25 December 1862 – 27 July 1927) was Headmaster of Hertford Grammar School from 1905 until his death in 1927. He also headmaster at Dolgelley Grammar School, Chairman of the Ware Education Committee, and a Major in the British Army.

W. E. Johns
William Earl Johns (5 February 1893 – 21 June 1968) was an English First World War pilot, and writer of adventure stories, usually written under the pen name Capt. W. E. Johns: best known for creating the fictional air-adventurer Biggles.
Jungholz
Jungholz (German pronunciation: [ˈjʊŋhɔlts] ⓘ) is a village in the district of Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol that is only accessible via Germany. The lack of a road connection to anywhere else in Austria led to Jungholz being included in the German customs area before Austria joined the EU in 1995. It also used the Deutsche Mark instead of the Austrian schilling as currency until 2002, when the euro took over. Letters to Jungholz can be addressed with either a German or an Austrian postal code.

Customs
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. Traditionally, customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties (i.e. tariffs) and other taxes on import and export. In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation, security, and trade facilitation.

Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, enforced by their respective customs authorities; the import/export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden entirely. A wide range of penalties are faced by those who break these laws.
Vrang
Vrang (Russian and Tajik: Вранг) is a village and jamoat located in the Wakhan region of Tajikistan. It is located in Ishkoshim District in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. The jamoat has a total population of 6,541 (2015).

Wakhan
37°07′45″N 73°37′07″E﻿ / ﻿37.129240°N 73.618680°E﻿ / 37.129240; 73.618680
Wakhan (Dari; Pashto: واخان), also spelt as Vakhan and known as Vakhon (Tajik: Вахон}, is a rugged, mountainous part of the Pamir Mountains, Hindu Kush and Karakoram regions of Afghanistan and Tajikistan. It covers mainly the Wakhan District of Badakshan Province in northeastern Afghanistan.
Campnosperma auriculatum
Campnosperma auriculatum is a rainforest tree in the family Anacardiaceae native to the East Indies and Southeast Asia. The sapling tree has very large leaves up to 1.8 metres (6 feet) long by up to 37 centimetres (15 inches) wide with wavey margins. The leaves of mature trees are oblanceolate and about 75 centimetres (30 inches) long, forming a tight circle at the ends of the branches. The flowers are yellowish, in small panicles, forming reddish berries upon pollination.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
Stream Cliff Farm
Stream Cliff Farm, also called the Stream Cliff Herb Farms, is a historic farm located in southern Jennings County, Indiana, USA, near the village of Commiskey. It was visited by John Hunt Morgan during his cavalry march through Indiana on July 11, 1863. As of 2007, it is the oldest herb farm in Indiana. It opens from April to December.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Nahl, Punjab
Nahl is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Shahkot, 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Nakodar, 48 kilometres (30 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 189 kilometres (117 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Jeremy Novy
Jeremy Novy is an American street artist and stencil artist. He is best known for his stencils of koi fish and efforts in support of gay activism.  His work has been featured in numerous publications, including SF Weekly, the Wisconsin Gazette and Missionlocal.org. In 2008, Novy was the recipient of the prestigious National Endowment for the Arts grant. Novy is California-based.

SF Weekly
SF Weekly is an online music publication and formerly alternative weekly newspaper founded in the 1970s in San Francisco, California. It was distributed every Thursday, and was published by the San Francisco Print Media Company. The paper has won national journalism awards, and sponsored the SF Weekly Music Awards.
Royal Greenland
Royal Greenland A/S is a Greenlandic fishing company. It is fully owned by the Greenlandic self-government and is the country's largest company. The company describes itself as "working locally and selling globally for the benefit of our 56,000 Greenlandic co-owners". The company has about 2,000 employees, of which approximately 1,300 are in Greenland. The company's headquarters are located in Nuuk.

Royal Greenland's management consists of Preben Sunke (interim CEO), Jan H. Lynge (EVP and CFO), and Bodil Marie Damgaard (EVP HR and Communication).

The company's board of directors includes Maliina Abelsen (chairperson), Niels Søren Thorsen (vice-chairperson), Preben Sunke, Karsten Høy, Arnanguaq Holm Olsen, Johan Bertelsen, Niels Ole Møller, and Sara Biilmann Egede.

Naalakkersuisut
The Naalakkersuisut or the Government of Greenland (Danish: Grønlands Regering) is the chief executive body, the cabinet and the government of Greenland since the island became self-governing in 1979. As an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland is a parliamentary representative democratic territory, in which the premier (Naalakkersuisut Siulittaasuat) leads the cabinet, and of a multi-party system.

There are currently 10 members of the Cabinet, known as "Ministers" (Naalakkersuisoq), all of whom are also heads of specific government ministries. The ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister. The Greenlandic government currently consists of 10 ministers including the Prime Minister.
Nethegau
The Nethegau (also called the Netgau in many sources) is a region in central Germany named after the river Nethe and covers, in the main, the Brakel Upland between the River Weser and the Egge ridge around the towns of Brakel and Bad Driburg in the district of Höxter in North Rhine-Westphalia.

The region was formerly a Saxon Gau and was administered by Gau counts following the Carolingian conquest of Saxony.  Parts of the area also transferred into the ownership of Corvey Abbey over the course of time.

Gau (territory)
Gau (German: [ɡaʊ] ⓘ; Dutch: gouw [ɣʌu] ⓘ; West Frisian: gea [ɡɪə] or goa [ɡoə]) is a Germanic term for a region within a country, often a former or current province. It was used in the Middle Ages, when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire. The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision during the period of Nazi Germany in 1933–1945. It still appears today in regional names, such as the Rheingau or Allgäu.
Malema, Mozambique
Malema is a town in the district of Malema. It is situated within the province of Nampula in Mozambique. The district borders the districts of: Ribaue, Lalaua, Alto Molocue, Gurue, Cuamba, and others. The district is dependent on agricultural production and the main sources are sourgum, corn, peanuts, and onions.

Gurúè
Gurúè (also spelt Gurué; known before independence as Vila Junqueiro) is a town located in the northern part of Mozambique, near the center of the province of Zambezia. It serves as the principal town of Gurué District, and is Mozambique's largest tea estate. According to the 2007 census, the town had a population of 145,466, an increase from the 99,335 inhabitants counted in the 1997 census.
Raduzhny Urban Okrug
Raduzhny Urban Okrug is the name of several municipal formations in Russia. The following administrative divisions are incorporated as such:

City of okrug significance of Raduzhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Closed Administrative-Territorial Formation of Raduzhny, Vladimir Oblast

Closed city
A closed city or town is a settlement where travel or residency restrictions are applied.

Historically, the construction of closed cities became increasingly common after the beginning of the Cold War, particularly in the Soviet Union. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, they remain widespread in Russia and some of the other post-Soviet countries. The Russian government officially designates these closed cities as "closed administrative–territorial formations" (ZATO; Russian: закрытые административно–территориальные образования [ЗАТО]), for the management and execution of high-value research and development concerning nuclear energy, weapons of mass destruction, or the space industry.
Baden Masters
The Baden Masters is an annual men's curling tournament, held in early September/late August in Baden, Switzerland. It is the first curling tournament of the European Curling Champions Tour (CCT) season and is part of the World Curling Tour. It was first held in 2000 and it became a CCT event in 2005.

In 2021, for the first time in the event's twenty-one year history, two women's teams competed alongside the men's field: 2018 Olympic Gold Medalists Team Anna Hasselborg from Sweden and Team Irene Schori of Limmattal, Switzerland.

Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's curling tournament of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 14 and 25 February 2018 at the Gangneung Curling Centre. Ten nations competed in a round robin preliminary round, and the top four nations at the conclusion of the round robin qualified for the medal round.
Earl of Kinnoull
Earl of Kinnoull (sometimes spelled Earl of Kinnoul) is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1633 for George Hay, 1st Viscount of Dupplin. Other associated titles are: Viscount Dupplin and Lord Hay of Kinfauns (1627) and Baron Hay of Pedwardine (1711). The former two are in the Peerage of Scotland, while the third is in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title of Viscount Dupplin is the courtesy title for the Earl's eldest son and heir.

Courtesy title
A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but is rather used by custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title).

In some contexts, courtesy title is used to mean the more general concept of a title or honorific such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, Madam, Sir for those who have not been awarded a knighthood or a baronetcy, as well as Dr. for physicians who have not actually achieved a doctorate.
Mana Telangana
Mana Telangana is a registered Telugu language newspaper in the Indian State of Telangana.
It is published simultaneously from  Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam, Nalgonda, Hyderabad and Mahbubnagar.

The paper is also available in epaper format.

Nizamabad district
Nizamabad district, also known as Induru district, is a district located in the north-western region of the Indian state of Telangana. The city of Nizamabad is the district headquarters. The district share boundaries with Jagtial, Sircilla, Nirmal, Kamareddy districts and with Nanded district of the state boundary of Maharashtra.
Bakersfield and Kern Electric Railway
The Bakersfield and Kern Electric Railway was a streetcar company which operated between Bakersfield and Sumner (later Kern City), in California. Later, after Kern City was annexed by Bakersfield, the streetcar company operated completely in Bakersfield. The company was originally formed in 1887, under the name Bakersfield and Sumner Railroad. At its height, in 1915, the company operated five streetcar lines, totaling 10.5 miles (16.9 km). It also operated three feeder bus lines, one of the first companies in the nation to offer that type of service. Also, with the exception of one-way sections, the entire system was double tracked.

The company discontinued streetcar service in 1942, having replaced them with buses. The current provider of mass transit for Bakersfield, Golden Empire Transit, is the latest of an unbroken line of owners of the company.

East Bakersfield
East Bakersfield is the eastern region of the city of Bakersfield, California directly east of the downtown. The region was formerly known as the town of Sumner, which was later incorporated and renamed Kern City. It is primarily a mixture of residential and commercial developments. It also contains a small business district (which was the downtown for Kern City) centered on the intersection of Baker and Sumner streets. Census data is provided on the right for the time period when the region was an independent town and city. It is part of the Bakersfield urban area of almost 500,000 people.

The major school districts in East Bakersfield are the Bakersfield City School District and the Kern Union High School District. East Bakersfield has four high schools, Highland High School, East Bakersfield High School, Foothill High School, and Mira Monte High School.
Khakee (film)
Khakee is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language neo-noir action thriller film written and directed by Rajkumar Santoshi and produced by Keshu Ramsay. The film revolves around an Indian police team on a mission to escort an accused terrorist from a small town in Maharashtra to Mumbai. It stars an ensemble cast of Amitabh Bachchan, Akshay Kumar, Ajay Devgn, Aishwarya Rai and Tusshar Kapoor.

Khakee was released theatrically on 23 January 2004 to widespread critical acclaim with particular praise for its screenplay, execution, and the cast's performances. The film was the fifth highest-grossing film of 2004, grossing ₹45.4 crore worldwide in its lifetime run.

Nashik
Nashik, formerly Nasik, is a city in the northern region of the Indian state of Maharashtra situated on the banks of the river Godavari, about 165 km (103 mi) northeast of the state capital Mumbai.

Nashik is one of the Hindu pilgrimage sites of the Kumbh Mela, which is held every 12 years.

According to the Ramayana, Nashik is where Lakshmana cut off the nose of the demoness Shurpanakha on the banks of the Godavari River. It is also called Panchavati.
It was known as "Gulshanabad" during the Mughal period.
1966 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1966 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 71st staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Newmarket-on-Fergus entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 6 November 1966 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Éire Óg and Whitegate, in what was their second meeting in the final overall. Éire Óg won the match by 2–08 to 1–04 to claim their third championship title overall and a first championship title in nine years.

Newmarket-on-Fergus GAA
Newmarket-on-Fergus GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Newmarket-on-Fergus, County Clare, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Clare County Board and fields teams in both hurling and Gaelic football.
Wilma Lipp
Wilma Lipp ([vɪlma lɪp]; 26 April 1925 – 26 January 2019) was an Austrian operatic soprano and academic voice teacher. A long-time member of the Vienna State Opera, she was particularly associated with the role of the Queen of the Night in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte, a role she performed internationally more than 400 times. She was awarded the title Kammersängerin at age 28, and was an honorary member of the Vienna State Opera, among other honours.

Die Fledermaus
Die Fledermaus (German: [diː ˈfleːdɐˌmaʊs], The Bat, sometimes called The Revenge of the Bat) is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German libretto by Karl Haffner and Richard Genée, which premiered in 1874.
Flagtail
The flagtails (āhole or āholehole in the Hawaiian language) are a family (Kuhliidae) of centrarchiform ray-finned fish of the Indo-Pacific area. The family consists of 13 species in one genus, Kuhlia. Most are euryhaline and often found in brackish water, but the genus also includes species restricted to marine or fresh water.

Several species are known as Hawaiian flagtails, particularly K. sandvicensis and K. xenura.

Charles Tate Regan
Charles Tate Regan (1 February 1878 – 12 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. He did extensive work on fish classification schemes.

Born in Sherborne, Dorset, he was educated at Derby School and Queens' College, Cambridge and in 1901 joined the staff of the Natural History Museum, where he became Keeper of Zoology, and later director of the entire museum, in which role he served from 1927 to 1938.

Regan was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917.

Regan mentored a number of scientists, among them Ethelwynn Trewavas, who continued his work at the British Natural History Museum.
John Bryant (harpist)
John Bryant (1832 – 1926) was a Welsh harpist. He was born in Castellau, Llantrisant, Glamorganshire. As a competent player of the pedal harp he attended and performed at many Eisteddfodau and concerts in South Wales, he also served as adjudicator on some occasions.

He is known to have arranged various ‘Merch Megan’ variations for the harp.

He died in early 1926, and is buried in the graveyard of Tabernacl, Efail Isaf.

Efail Isaf
Efail Isaf is a village located to the south of Llantwit Fardre in south Wales. It is located in the County Borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf. The former Barry Railway ran nearby.  Efail Isaf has a village hall
Nelson Moliné Espino
Nelson Moliné Espino is a Cuban dissident who was declared a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International.

He was president of the unofficial Confederación de Trabajadores Democráticos de Cuba (English: Confederation of Democratic Workers of Cuba), and a member of the unofficial Partido 30 de noviembre (English: 30 November Party). He was arrested during the Black Spring in 2003 and sentenced to 21 years in jail. After Tripartite talks between the Cuban government, the Catholic Church in Cuba and the Spanish government in 2010 he was released on July 7, 2010, and traveled to Spain.

Prisoner of conscience
A prisoner of conscience (POC) is anyone imprisoned because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or political views. The term also refers to those who have been imprisoned or persecuted for the nonviolent expression of their conscientiously held beliefs.

Most often associated with the human rights organisation Amnesty International, the term was coined by that organisation's founder Peter Benenson in a 28 May 1961 article ("The Forgotten Prisoners") for London newspaper The Observer.