hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pristimantis supernatis
Pristimantis supernatis is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in the Cordillera Central, Colombia, from Nevado del Huila southward to the Colombian Massif and the Carchi Province in northern Ecuador. Some sources report records from further north (Antioquia), but others attribute these to Pristimantis permixtus. Common name El Carmelo robber frog has been coined for this species.

Carchi Province
Carchi (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾtʃi]) is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Tulcán. The Carchi River rises on the slopes of Chiles volcano and forms the boundary between Colombia and Ecuador near Tulcan.  Rumichaca Bridge is the most important land route between Colombia and Ecuador.
Sirin Hamsho
Serene Hamsho (Arabic: سيرين حمشو), also transliterated Sirin Hamsho, born in Hama, Syria 1986, is a Syrian engineer and inventor specializing in renewable energy. She is known for her work in the wind energy field and was recognized by the BBC's 100 Women and featured in the finale of the programme's international edit-a-thon in 2016. 
Hamsho is also a TV presenter and media personality. She hosted her own show on Iqraa TV in 2010, and gained public attention in 2015 with her short film "Immigration". and most recently "The First message".

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Yi Yung-jun
Yi Yung-jun (Korean: 이융준; Hanja: 李隆俊; 22 November 1858 – 25 May 1859) was an heir presumptive of Joseon (wonja, 원자, 元子) as the only son of Yi Byeon, King Cheoljong and Queen Cheorin. From birth, he became a Wonja, unlike his half-brothers. He died on 25 May 1859, at the age of six months, due to a fever. There is only a record that his mourning was held as a state funeral by order of King Cheoljong, and the location of his burial and whether he was given a posthumous title are unknown.

Heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir apparent, whose claim on the position cannot be displaced in this manner.
Valentin Smyshlyaev
Valentin Sergeevich Smyshlyaev (14 March 1891, Perm – 3 October 1936, Moscow) was a Russian actor, theatre director and theatre theorist.

Valentin studied at the law faculty of Imperial Moscow University from 1912 to 1917. He started work at the Moscow Art Theatre in 1913.

He was active in the Proletkult movement: he led the Theatre Department of the Moscow Proletkult and was the head of the artistic part of the Central Arena of the Proletkult He was also the head of the section of mass performances of the TEO of the People's Commissariat for Education.

In 1923 he was appointed director of the Belarusian Theatre Studio in Moscow and was recognised as having authority over among both teachers and students and was responsible for all the creative activities of the studio. Mikalai Mickiewicz, who was studying at the studio, described Smyshlyaev as  “Of average height, thin, extremely lively, temperamental, and emotional."

Imperial Moscow University
Imperial Moscow University (Russian: Императорский Московский университет) was one of the oldest universities of the Russian Empire, established in 1755. It was the first of the twelve imperial universities of the Russian Empire. Its legacy is continued as Lomonosov Moscow State University, which occupies some of its original buildings.
Ariane flight V88
Ariane flight V88 was the failed maiden flight of the Arianespace Ariane 5 rocket, vehicle no. 501, on 4 June 1996. It carried the Cluster spacecraft, a constellation of four European Space Agency research satellites.

The launch ended in failure due to multiple errors in the software design: dead code, intended only for Ariane 4, with inadequate protection against integer overflow led to an exception handled inappropriately, halting the whole otherwise unaffected inertial navigation system. This caused the rocket to veer off its flight path 37 seconds after launch, beginning to disintegrate under high aerodynamic forces, and finally self-destructing via its automated flight termination system. The failure has become known as one of the most infamous and expensive software bugs in history. The failure resulted in a loss of more than US$370 million.

Integer (computer science)
In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of binary digits (bits). The size of the grouping varies so the set of integer sizes available varies between different types of computers. Computer hardware nearly always provides a way to represent a processor register or memory address as an integer.
Omaruru railway station
Omaruru railway station is a railway station serving the town of Omaruru in Namibia. It is part of the TransNamib railway network.

Omaruru is situated on the Kranzberg—Otavi line, completed in 1906 during Imperial Germany's colonial rule of German South West Africa.

Omaruru connects via Otavi to the north of Namibia via the so-called "Northern Extension", built between 2002 and 2012 to connect Tsumeb with Oshikango. All southern and central rail connections lead via the railway junction in Kranzberg.

Tsumeb
Tsumeb (Otjiherero: Okavisume; Khoekhoe: ǂAixorobes) is a town of around 35,000 inhabitants and the largest town and the former capital of the Oshikoto region in northern Namibia.

Tsumeb, since its founding in 1905, has been primarily a mining town. The town is the site of a deep mine (the lower workings now closed) whose ore deposits with respect to variety, rarity and aesthetics of minerals have been listed among 100 geological heritage sites around the world by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
Mistretta (surname)
Mistretta is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Mistretta, American medical physicist

Charlotte Mistretta, American dentistry academic

Chris Rush (1946–2018; born Christopher John Mistretta), American comedian

John Mistretta, plaintiff of the United States Supreme Court case Mistretta v. United States

Charlotte Mistretta
Charlotte M. Mistretta is an American dental academic.

Mistretta earned a bachelor's degree in biology from Trinity College in 1966, and completed her master's of science and doctoral degrees in biological sciences at Florida State University in 1968 and 1970, respectively. She pursued postdoctoral research at the Nuffield Institute for Medical Research, affiliated with the University of Oxford, then returned to the United States in 1972 for a research position at the University of Michigan. Mistretta became a tenured professor in 1991, and founded the School of Dentistry's Oral Health Sciences PhD program in 1994. Mistretta remained program director until 2010, and was succeeded by Jan Hu. Mistretta also held the William R. Mann Professorship of Dentistry from 2003 to her retirement in 2021. After Mistretta's retirement, Yuji Mishina became Mann Professor.
FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2025
The 2025 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships were held in the Engadin region of Switzerland from 18 to 30 March 2025.

A total of 30 medal events were on the program, with 16 being contested in the freestyle and freeski disciplines and 14 in snowboarding. St. Moritz will host the big air, moguls, aerials, ski & snowboard cross and the alpine snowboard events, whereas Silvaplana will host the slopestyle and halfpipe events.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
/x/
/x/ is the paranormal board on 4chan, an English-language imageboard. Created in January 2005 as a general photography board, it was repurposed in February 2007 to focus on unexplained phenomena, the supernatural, and non-political conspiracy theories.

Imageboard
An imageboard (IB) is a type of Internet forum that focuses on the posting of images, often alongside text and discussion. The first imageboards were created in Japan as an extension of the textboard concept. These sites later inspired the creation of a number of English-language imageboards.
Hengam-class landing ship
Hengam (Persian: هنگام) is a class of Landing Ship Heavy built by the Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited and operated by the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy. A total of 6 ships were originally planned but eventually last two were cancelled. Each of the four ships in service in the class is named after a namesake island inside Iranian territorial waters, namely Hengam Island, Larak Island, Tonb Islands, and Lavan Island respectively.

Namesake
A namesake is a person, place, or thing bearing the name of another. Most commonly, it refers to an individual who is purposely named after another (e.g. John F. Kennedy Jr would be the namesake of John F. Kennedy). In common parlance, it may mean vice-versa (i.e. referring to the entity for which the second entity is named); in such a case, however, the proper term would be "eponym."
Chestnut Mare
"Chestnut Mare" is a song by the American rock band the Byrds, written by Roger McGuinn and Jacques Levy during 1969 for a planned country rock musical named Gene Tryp. The musical was never staged and the song was instead released in September 1970 as part of the Byrds' (Untitled) album. It was later issued as a single, peaking at number 121 on the Billboard singles chart and number 19 on the UK Singles Chart.

Country rock
Country rock is a music genre that fuses rock and country. It was developed by rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records and country musicians who implemented rock flavor into country records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded records blending rock with country themes, vocal styles, and additional instrumentation, most characteristically pedal steel guitars. Country rock began in the late 60s with artists like the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, International Submarine Band, The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Byrds, Bob Dylan, Bob Seger and Poco, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Eagles, Grateful Dead, Gram Parsons and New Riders of the Purple Sage. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres, including The Band, the Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work, as well as playing a part in the development of Southern rock.
Madhu Neelakandan
Madhu Neelakandan ISC, sometimes spelled Madhu Neelakantan is an Indian cinematographer and film producer who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography in 2012 for Annayum Rasoolum and in 2021 for Churuli. He is a part of Collective Phase One, a creative group that has produced films such as ID and Njan Steve Lopez. He completed his postgraduate diploma in cinematography from the Film and Television Institute of India.

Annayum Rasoolum
Annayum Rasoolum (transl. Anna and Rasool) is a 2013 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film directed by Rajeev Ravi (in his directorial debut) and written by Santhosh Echikkanam from a story by Rajeev. Set in Vypin islands in Kerala, the plot revolves around a star-crossed romance between Rasool (Fahadh Faasil), a Muslim taxi driver, and Anna (Andrea Jeremiah), a Latin Christian salesgirl, both from conservative working class families. The songs and background score were composed by K.

Annayum Rasoolum was released on 4 January 2013, the film received positive critical response and was also a commercial success at the box office. The film won a National Film Award and three Kerala State Film Awards.
The Maid's Last Prayer
The Maid's Last Prayer: Or, Any Rather Than Fail is a 1693 comedy play by the Irish writer Thomas Southerne. It was first staged at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane by the United Company.

The original cast included George Powell as Granger, John Bowman as Gayman, John Verbruggen as Garnish, Thomas Doggett as Lord Malepert, George Bright as Sir Ruff Rancounter, William Bowen as Sir Symphony, Cave Underhill as Drydrubb, William Pinkethman as Porter, Carey Perin as Christian, Elizabeth Barry as Lady Malepert, Anne Bracegirdle as Lady Trickitt, Susanna Mountfort as Lady Susan Malepert, Jane Rogers as Maria, Mary Betterton as Wishwell, Elinor Leigh as Siam and Mary Kent as Florence. It included music composed by Henry Purcell. The published version was dedicated to Charles Boyle.

William Pinkethman
William Pinkethman (also Penkethman, Pinkeman, Pinkerman, etc.; nicknamed Pinkey, c.1660–1725) was an English comic actor, a low comedian with a droll style, and theatre manager. He was considered an imitator of Anthony Leigh.

Starting in the 1690s Penkethman performed with the United Company at Drury Lane. He largely played small roles, then became known for his delivery of prologues and epilogues in plays. He was known for performing riding a donkey. He later opened a theatre at Richmond.
Tīnui River
The Tīnui River is a river of the Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows initially east from its origins in the northern Wairarapa before turning southwest to flow parallel with the Pacific coast. It reaches the Whareama River at the settlement of Tīnui, 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Masterton.

Masterton
Masterton (Māori: Whakaoriori) is a large town in the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand that operates as the seat of the Masterton District (a territorial authority or local-government district). It is the largest town in the Wairarapa, a region separated from Wellington by the Remutaka ranges. It stands on the Waipoua stream between the Ruamāhunga and Waingawa Rivers – 100 kilometres north-east of Wellington and 40 kilometres south of Eketāhuna.

Masterton has an urban population of 22,600, and a district population of 28,900 (June 2025).

Masterton businesses includes services for surrounding farmers. Three new industrial parks are being developed in Waingawa, Solway and Upper Plain. The town functions as the headquarters of the annual Golden Shears sheep-shearing competition.
Harald Ertl
Harald Ertl (31 August 1948 – 7 April 1982) was an Austrian racing driver and motorsport journalist. He was born in Zell am See and attended the same school as Grand Prix drivers Jochen Rindt, Helmut Marko and Niki Lauda.

Ertl sported an 'Imperial'-style moustache and full beard. He worked his way through the German Formula Vee and Super Vee, and then on to Formula Three, before a successful switch to Touring Cars. During this period, he gained sufficient sponsorship to enter Formula One, where he drove with various outfits between 1975 and 1980. Ertl was one of the four drivers who helped to get Niki Lauda out of his burning Ferrari in the 1976 German Grand Prix.

Ertl was killed in an aeroplane crash in 1982, when the small plane he was travelling in suffered from engine failure.

Warsteiner
Warsteiner (German pronunciation: [ˈvaːɐ̯ʃtaɪnɐ, ˈvaʁ-]) is a German beer brand. The beer is brewed in the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park outside of Warstein, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.  Warsteiner has been owned by the Cramer family since 1753.Warsteiner is Germany's largest privately owned brewery; its best selling beer is Warsteiner Premium Verum.

Warsteiner ranks fifth among Germany's best selling breweries.
Curriculum & Instruction
Curriculum and Instruction (C&I or Curriculum and Pedagogy or Curriculum and Teaching) is a field within education which seeks to research, develop, and implement curriculum changes that increase learner achievement in educational settings. The field focuses on how people learn and the best ways to educate. It is also interested in new trends in teaching and learning process. It tries to find answers to questions such as "why to teach", "what to teach", "how to teach" and "how to evaluate" in instructional process. Master's degrees and doctorates are offered at a number of universities.

Ralph W. Tyler
Ralph Winfred Tyler (April 22, 1902 – February 18, 1994) was an American educator who worked in the field of assessment and evaluation. He served on or advised a number of bodies that set guidelines for the expenditure of federal funds and influenced the underlying policy of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Tyler chaired the committee that developed the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). He has been called by some as "the father of educational evaluation and assessment".
My Own Home
"My Own Home" is a song from the Walt Disney film, The Jungle Book, from 1967. The song was sung by Darleen Carr playing the part of the girl from the Man Village (later named Shanti in 2003's The Jungle Book 2). The song was written by Disney staff songwriters, Robert and Richard Sherman.  This song serves as the basis for the Sarah Brightman song "On the Nile" and was sampled in the Slum Dogz song "The Jungle Book".

"The native girl sings "My Own Home" as Mowgli watches.  Singer Darleen Carr was at the Disney Studio filming Monkeys, Go Home, and we asked her to record a demo of our new song.  Walt (Disney) loved the demo, and many months later, when director Woolie Reitherman said 'We need to find a voice for the girl,' Walt, with his infallible memory, replied, 'You've already got her!'"

Doctor P
Doctor P is the stage name of the English dubstep producer and DJ, Shaun Brockhurst (born 9 April 1986). Brockhurst has also produced drum and bass under the aliases Sounds Destructive (with Zachary Kemp, currently known as Trolley Snatcha), Slum Dogz (with DJ Swan-E and Krafty MC) and DJ Picto (or simply Picto). Some of his songs, including "Sweet Shop", "Tetris", "Big Boss", "Watch Out" and the remixes of Example's "Last Ones Standing" and Plan B's "Love Goes Down" have all received more than 5 million views on YouTube. He is the co-founder of Circus Records, along with Flux Pavilion, DJ Swan-E and Earl Falconer.

His collaboration with Adam F and Method Man, "The Pit", was used in a trailer for the 2014 American comedy film Let's Be Cops.

In a February 2013 interview, Brockhurst said he was working on a second track with Eva Simons (the first being "Bulletproof").

Flux Pavilion is his childhood friend.
Colt ring lever rifles
The Colt first model ring lever rifle and Colt second model ring lever rifle are two early caplock revolving rifles that were produced by the Patent Arms Manufacturing Company between 1837 and 1841.  The first model, produced between 1837 and 1838, was the first firearm manufactured by Samuel Colt, developed shortly before the advent of the Colt Paterson revolver.  The first model was succeeded by the second model, produced between 1838 and 1841, which featured minor variations in design and construction.  Both models are distinguished from later Colt revolving long-arms by the presence of a small ring lever located in front of the trigger.  This lever, when pulled, would index the cylinder to the next position and cock the internal hidden hammer.  Although complicated in design and prone to failures, fifty first model rifles were ordered by the U.S. Army for use against Seminole warriors in the Second Seminole War.

Bluing (steel)
Bluing, sometimes spelled as blueing, is a passivation process in which steel is partially protected against rust using a black oxide coating. It is named after the blue-black appearance of the resulting protective finish. Bluing involves an electrochemical conversion coating resulting from an oxidizing chemical reaction with iron on the surface selectively forming magnetite (Fe3O4), the black oxide of iron. In comparison, rust, the red oxide of iron (Fe2O3), undergoes an extremely large volume change upon hydration; as a result, the oxide easily flakes off, causing the typical reddish rusting away of iron. Black oxide provides minimal protection against corrosion, unless also treated with a water-displacing oil to reduce wetting and galvanic action. In colloquial use, thin coatings of black oxide are often termed "gun bluing", while heavier coatings are termed "black oxide". Both refer to the same chemical process for providing true gun bluing.
Macroloxoceras
Macroloxoceras is a large pseuorthocerid from the upper Devonian of Central Colorado and Southern New Mexico with features resembling those found in
actinocerids.
Pseudorthocerids and actinocerids (respectively Pseuorthocerida and Actinocerida) are extinct nautiloid cephalopods, generally with long straight shells and expanded siphuncle segments filled with organic deposits.

Actinocerida
The Actinocerida are an order of generally straight, medium to large cephalopods that lived during the early and middle Paleozoic, distinguished by a siphuncle composed of expanded segments that extend into the adjacent chambers, in which deposits formed within contain a system of radial canals and a narrow space along the inner side of the connecting ring known as a paraspatium. (Teichert 1964) Septal necks are generally short and cyrtochoanitic, some being recumbent, some hook shaped. Most grew to lengths of about 60 to 90 cm (2.0 to 3.0 ft) but some, like the Huroniidae of the Silurian grew significantly larger.
Yang Anjiang
Yang Anjiang (Chinese: 阳安江; pinyin: Yáng Ānjiāng; born August 1945) is a politician of the People's Republic of China. Yang was born in Xupu County, Hunan in 1945. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1965, and in 2006 he became the Chairman of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Yang was a member of the 16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
The 16th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) was elected at the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party on 15 November 2002. Its 1st Plenary Session elected the Secretary, deputy secretaries and the 16th Standing Committee of the CCDI.