hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ponneelan
Ponneelan, born 1940 at Manikatti Pottal, Kanyakumari district) is the pen name of Kandeswara Bhaktavatsalan, a Tamil writer from Tamil Nadu, India. He is a Marxist and was influenced by Tamil Communist leader P. Jeevanandham in his younger days. He became a teacher and retired as the deputy director of school education for Tamil Nadu. He won the 1994 Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil his novel Pudhiya Dharisanangal. He is currently the state president of the Tamil literary organisation Tamil Nadu Kalai Ilakkiya Perumandram. During 2005–2008, he was a member of the Central Board of Film Certification (censor board). He also wrote the script for the 2008 film Ayyavazhi.

Central Board of Film Certification
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952." The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited.
COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines
COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines were a series of stay-at-home orders and cordon sanitaire measures that were implemented by the government of the Philippines through its Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID).

As of November 2021, under the original classification system that was enacted in 2020, there were four main quarantine tiers. In Metro Manila there is now an alert level system (ALS) which has been introduced in September 2021 and it is already in place. As of November 2021, all regions of the country have been covered by the ALS system, which has become the national standard.

In the original classification system, the strictest community quarantines is the "enhanced community quarantine" (ECQ), which effectively is a total lockdown. According to the ALS, there are five tiers of alert level, with alert level 1 being the most lenient and alert level 5 being the most strict.

Government of the Philippines
The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system.

The powers of the three branches are vested by the Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines—the Senate is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the president. Judicial power is vested in the courts, with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body.
Emory Sparrow
William Emery Sparrow (September 15, 1897 – February 2, 1965) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played 8 games in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins during the 1924–25 season. He also played with the Regina Capitals, Edmonton Eskimos and Calgary Tigers in the Western Canada Hockey League.  As a professional player, he spelled his name Emory, and was commonly known by the nickname Spunk  Sparrow.

Before he appeared on the professional hockey scene, Sparrow won the Canadian amateur championship trophy Allan Cup in 1916 with the Winnipeg 61st Battalion.

Western Canada Hockey League
The Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL), founded in 1921, was a major professional ice hockey league originally based in the prairies of Canada. It was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL) in 1925 and disbanded in 1926.

The WCHL's Victoria Cougars were the last non-NHL team to win the Stanley Cup when they won the 1925 Stanley Cup Finals over the NHL's Montreal Canadiens.
Sandhi
Sandhi (/sænˈdiː/ san-DEE; Sanskrit: सन्धि, lit. 'joining', pronounced [sɐnˈdʱi]) is any of a wide variety of sound changes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries. Examples include fusion of sounds across word boundaries and the alteration of one sound depending on nearby sounds or the grammatical function of the adjacent words. Sandhi belongs to morphophonology.

Sandhi occurs in many languages, e.g. in the phonology of Indian languages (especially Sanskrit, Tamil,  Sinhala, Telugu, Marathi, Hindi, Pali, Kannada, Odia, Bengali, Assamese and Malayalam). Many dialects of British English show linking and intrusive R.

Tone sandhi in particular defines tone changes affecting adjacent words and syllables. This is a common feature of many tonal languages such as Burmese and Chinese.

Elision
In linguistics, an elision or deletion is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word or phrase. However, these terms are also used to refer more narrowly to cases where two words are run together by the omission of a final sound. An example is the elision of word-final /t/ in English if it is preceded and followed by a consonant: "first light" is often pronounced "firs' light" (/fɜrs laɪt/). Many other terms are used to refer to specific cases where sounds are omitted.
Gogolice, Gryfino County
Gogolice [ɡɔɡɔˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcińsko-Zdrój, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south of Trzcińsko-Zdrój, 39 km (24 mi) south of Gryfino, and 56 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Trzcińsko-Zdrój
Trzcińsko-Zdrój [ˈtʂt͡ɕiɲskɔ ˈzdrui̯] (German: Bad Schönfließ; Kashubian: Szénflét) is a town in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,131 inhabitants (2023). It is also the centre of an urban-rural municipality with the same name, an area of about 170 km2 (66 sq mi), and about 5,000 inhabitants (2023). The medieval Old Town, surrounded by a system of defensive walls and towers, is situated on the Rurzyca River and the western shore of Trzygłowskie Lake.
Courtmacsherry Harbour Lifeboat Station
Courtmacsherry Harbour Lifeboat Station is located on Sea Road, in the village of Courtmacsherry, County Cork, on the southern shore of the Argideen River estuary, approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) south west of Cork, on the south coast of Ireland.

A lifeboat was placed at Courtmacsherry by the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (RNIPLS) in 1825, but is known to have been unfit for service by 1840. The station was re-established by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1867.

The station currently operates 13-45 Val Adnams (ON 1352), a Shannon-class All-weather lifeboat, on station since 2023.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
SS Hamburg (1925)
SS Hamburg was a German  ocean liner owned by the Hamburg America Line, built by the Blohm & Voss of Hamburg, Germany, and launched in 1925. She had a sister ship, SS New York. They were similar to the SS Albert Ballin.

During World War II, the ship became a naval accommodation ship for the Kriegsmarine in 1940 and served with the 7th U-boat Flotilla in Kiel. Reassigned to 3rd U-boat Flotilla on 1 March 1941, Hamburg was transferred to 6th U-boat Flotilla in Danzig in October. From June 1943, Hamburg was relocated to Gotenhafen and assigned to 8th U-boat Flotilla. On 7 March 1945 during the evacuation of Germans from the Eastern Front, she struck a mine and sank off Saßnitz in position 54°30′00″N 13°42′02″E﻿ / ﻿54.50000°N 13.70056°E﻿ / 54.50000; 13.70056.

The wreck was raised by the Soviets and converted to a whaler at Warnowwerft, Warnemünde, from 7 November 1950. Becoming Yuri Dolgoruki, the ship was put in service on 12 July 1960. She was then broken up in 1977.

3rd U-boat Flotilla
The 3rd U-boat Flotilla (German 3. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as  Lohs Flotilla, was the third operational U-boat unit in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Founded on 4 October 1937 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Hans Eckermann, it was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Johannes Lohs. Lohs, a U-boat commander during World War I, died on 14 August 1918 after his submarine UB-57 was sunk by a mine.

The flotilla, under the name "Lohs Flotilla", was founded in Kiel in June 1937 and existed until December 1939. The flotilla was re-founded as "3rd Flotilla" in March 1941 with its base in Kiel. In October 1941 the flotilla was moved to La Pallice, La Rochelle in France. In August 1944 the last U-boats left the base for Norway and the flotilla was disbanded in October 1944.
Liz Hatch
Liz Hatch  (born June 3, 1980) is an American cyclist. She began racing in 2006 and made her first trip to Belgium that summer. Hatch became the first member of the Vanderkitten Racing team in 2007 but was released in the middle of 2009. For the 2010 season, she has signed with the Belgium-based Lotto Ladies professional team. Hatch drew additional recognition from Maxim magazine after appearing in a pictorial of the January 2008 issue.

Maxim (magazine)
Maxim (stylized in all caps) is an international men's magazine, devised and launched in the United Kingdom in 1995, but based in New York City since 1997. It is known for its photography of actors, singers and female models whose careers are at their peak.  Maxim has a circulation of about 9 million readers each month. Maxim Digital reaches more than 4 million unique viewers each month. Maxim magazine publishes 16 editions, sold in 75 countries worldwide.
Fort de Condé-sur-Aisne
The Fort de Condé, or Fort Pille, is a fortification of the Séré de Rivières system, built in France between 1877 and 1883 to defend the area between Soissons and Laon. It is located on the heights of the confluence of the Aisne and the Vesle near the communes of Condé-sur-Aisne and Chivres-Val. Although the fort was considered obsolete at the start of World War I, its command of strategic ground made it a coveted objective throughout the war, changing hands several times. Following the war it was used in support service before its abandonment and purchase by a local community.  It has been under preservation since 1979 and may be visited.

Aisne (river)
The Aisne (/eɪn/ ayn, US also /ɛn/ en, French: [ɛːn] ⓘ; Picard: Ainne) is a river in northeastern France. It is a left tributary of the Oise. It gave its name to the French department of Aisne.  It was known in the Roman period as Axona.

The river rises in the forest of Argonne, at Rembercourt-Sommaisne, near Sainte-Menehould. It flows north and then west before joining the Oise near Compiègne. The Aisne is 356 kilometres (221 mi) long. Its main tributaries are the Vesle, the Aire and the Suippe. The Battle of the Axona was fought between the Romans and the Belgae near the Aisne in 57 BC.  Three Battles of the Aisne were fought in the Aisne valley during the First World War.
Australian cricket team in England in 1981
The tour by the Australian cricket team in England in 1981 included the 51st Ashes series of Test matches between Australia and England. Despite having been 1–0 down after two Tests, England won the next three to finish 3–1 victors (with two draws), thus retaining the Ashes.

Dirk Wellham
Dirk MacDonald Wellham (born 13 March 1959) is a former Australian cricketer who played in six Test matches and 17 One Day Internationals (ODIs) between 1981 and 1987. He is one of four players to score a century in both his first class and Test debuts (as of June 2025).  He was the first player to captain three Australian states having captained New South Wales, Tasmania and Queensland during his career. As NSW captain, he won the Sheffield Shield in 1984–85 and 1985–86 and the McDonald's Cup in 1984–85.He is the nephew of New South Wales first-class cricketer Walter Wellham.
Bhairavi (Hindustani)
Bhairavi (Hindi: भैरवी, Urdu: بَھیرَوی , Sindhi: راڳ ڀيروي, Bengali: ভৈরবী) is a Hindustani Classical heptatonic (Sampurna) raga of Bhairavi thaat. In Western musical terms, raga Bhairavi employs the notes of the Phrygian mode, one of the traditional European church modes.

Sampurna raga
In Indian classical music, Sampūrṇa rāgas (संपूर्ण, Sanskrit for 'complete', also spelt as sampoorna) have all seven swaras in their scale. In general, the swaras in the Arohana and Avarohana strictly follow the ascending and descending scale as well. That is, they do not have vakra swara phrases (वक्र, meaning 'crooked').

In Carnatic music, the Melakarta ragas are all sampurna ragas, but the converse is not true, i.e., all sampurna ragas are not Melakarta ragas. An example is Bhairavi raga in Carnatic music (different from the Bhairavi of Hindustani music). Some examples of Melakarta ragas are Mayamalavagowla, Todi, Sankarabharanam and Kharaharapriya.
R&S Records
R&S Records is an independent record label founded in 1983 in Ghent, Belgium. R&S represents the initials of Renaat Vandepapeliere and Sabine Maes, the couple that created the label. Having originally ceased in 2000, R&S Records relaunched in 2008, along with its subsidiary Apollo Records, in 2009.

R&S and its subsidiaries include releases by Lone, Paula Temple, Joey Beltram, Capricorn, Aphex Twin, Biosphere, C.J. Bolland, Sun Electric, The Source Experience/Robert Leiner, Model 500/Juan Atkins, Silent Phase, System 7, Dave Angel, and Ken Ishii.

Ken Ishii
Ken Ishii (ケン・イシイ) is a Japanese DJ and record producer from Sapporo. He graduated from Hitotsubashi University. He has released work under his own name as well as under the pseudonyms FLR, Flare, UTU, Yoga, and Rising Sun.

Ishii had his first release on Belgian label R & S records. He composed the music for the opening ceremonies to the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. "Creation the State of Art" was used in the third level of the 2001 video game Rez, and some tracks in the soundtrack release to the game LSD were produced by Ishii. His track "Let It All Ride" has also been used in the PlayStation Portable video game Lumines II.

His music video for "Extra" (directed by Koji Morimoto) won Best Dance Music Video of the year for MTV Europe in 1997.
Bread of Life Discourse
The Bread of Life Discourse is a portion of the teaching of Jesus which appears in chapter 6 of John's Gospel (verses 22–59) and was delivered in the synagogue at Capernaum.

The title "Bread of Life" (Ancient Greek: ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς, artos tēs zōēs) given to Jesus is based on this biblical passage, which is set in the gospel shortly after the feeding the multitude episode (in which Jesus feeds a crowd of 5,000 people with five loaves of bread and two fish), after which he walks on the water to the western side of Sea of Galilee and the crowd follow by boat in search of him.

John's Gospel does not include an account of the blessing of the bread during the Last Supper as in the synoptic gospels e.g. Luke 22:19. Nonetheless, this discourse has often been interpreted as communicating teachings regarding the Eucharist which have been very influential in the Christian tradition.

Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, Judeo-Aramaic: יַמּא דטבריא, גִּנֵּיסַר, Arabic: بحيرة طبريا), also called Lake Tiberias, Genezareth Lake  or Kinneret, is a freshwater lake in Israel and the Golan Heights. It is the lowest freshwater lake on Earth and the second-lowest lake in the world (after the Dead Sea, a salt lake), with its elevation fluctuating between 215 and 209 metres (705 and 686 ft) below sea level (depending on rainfall). It is approximately 53 km (33 mi) in circumference, about 21 km (13 mi) long, and 13 km (8 mi) wide. Its area is 166.7 km2 (64.4 sq mi) at its fullest, and its maximum depth is approximately 43 metres (141 ft). The lake is fed partly by underground springs, but its main source is the Jordan River, which flows through it from north to south with the outflow controlled by the Degania Dam.
Chasina
Chasina was an iron-hulled, steam-powered ship, originally built as a steam yacht, but later converted to a passenger-freighter vessel that served in coastal British Columbia and other areas during the early decades of the 1900s  under the ownership several different companies.  The ship disappeared in 1931 after leaving Hong Kong.

Qathet Regional District
The qathet Regional District (/ˈkæθɛt/, qRD) is a regional district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Its only incorporated municipality is the City of Powell River, although it includes a number of unincorporated areas. The district encompasses a land area of 5,075.33 square kilometres (1,959.60 sq mi). The district was formerly known as the Powell River Regional District. Because of frequent confusion between the identical names of Powell River district and city, the district's name was changed in 2018 to qathet, from q̓at̓ᶿɛt, meaning "working together, bringing together" in the ʔayʔaǰuθəm language of the ɬəʔamɩn, k̓ómoks, χʷɛmaɬkʷu, and ƛohos Nations.
Judith Love Cohen
Judith Love Cohen (August 16, 1933 – July 25, 2016) was an American aerospace engineer. She was an electrical engineer on the Minuteman missile, the science ground station for the Hubble Space Telescope, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, and the Apollo Space Program. In particular, her work on the Abort-Guidance System is credited with helping save Apollo 13. After her retirement from engineering, she founded a children's multimedia publishing company, eventually publishing more than 20 titles before her death in 2016. She was the mother of computer scientist and engineer Neil Siegel and actor-musician Jack Black.

North American Aviation
North American Aviation (NAA) was a major American aerospace manufacturer that designed and built several notable aircraft and spacecraft. Its products included the T-6 Texan trainer, the P-51 Mustang fighter, the B-25 Mitchell bomber, the F-86 Sabre jet fighter, the X-15 rocket plane, the XB-70 bomber, the B-1 Lancer, the Apollo command and service module, the second stage of the Saturn V rocket, and the Space Shuttle orbiter.

Through a series of mergers and sales, North American Aviation became part of North American Rockwell, which later became Rockwell International, and is now part of Boeing.
Black Pig's Dyke
The Black Pig's Dyke (Irish: Claí na Muice Duibhe) or Worm's Ditch (Irish: Claí na Péiste) is a series of discontinuous linear earthworks in southwest Ulster and northeast Connacht, Ireland. Remnants can be found in north County Leitrim, north County Longford, County Cavan, County Monaghan and County Fermanagh (see the map below). Sometimes, the Dorsey enclosure in County Armagh and the Dane's Cast in County Down are considered to be part of the dyke.

Similar earthworks can be found throughout Ireland, although the Black Pig's Dyke is the best known. A notable example is the Claidh Dubh ("black ditch"), anglicised Clyduff or Cleeduff, in eastern County Cork. It has three sections, the longest of which runs north–south for 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the Ballyhoura Hills to the Nagle Mountains.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.
Erev Shel Shoshanim
"Erev Shel Shoshanim" (English: Evening of Lilies or Evening of Roses; the Hebrew word shoshana has been identified with both flowers) is a poetic Hebrew love song. Its melody is often used as wedding music in Jewish weddings. It is well known within Israeli and Jewish music circles and throughout the Middle East.

The song is by Yosef Hadar, with lyrics by Moshe Dor. It was first recorded in 1957 by singer Yafa Yarkoni, and a year later by the duo HaDuda'im, whose version became a smash hit in Israel. They toured the world extensively in the '60s, and their version became one of their international signature songs.

In 1966, Israeli folk dancing choreographer Zvi Hillman created the first folk dance based on the song.

Yafa Yarkoni
Yafa Yarkoni (Hebrew: יפה ירקוני, also Yaffa Yarqoni, 24 December 1925 – 1 January 2012) was an Israeli singer. She won the Israel Prize in 1998 for her contributions to Hebrew music. She was dubbed Israel's "songstress of the wars" due to her frequent performances for Israel Defense Forces soldiers, especially in wartime.
Trnava District
Trnava District (Slovak: okres Trnava) is a district in the Trnava Region of Slovakia. In its present borders the district was established in 1996. Before that date Hlohovec district was a part of it. It comprises the villages around Trnava, which forms an administrative, cultural and economy center of the district. The towns and villages are partly bedroom communities for the people who work in Trnava or Bratislava.

Trnava Region
The Trnava Region (Slovak: Trnavský kraj, pronounced [ˈtr̩nawskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Nagyszombati kerület; German: Tyrnauer Landschaftsverband) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. It was established in 1996, before which date, most of its districts were parts of Bratislava Region which was established on the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1923. It consists of 251 municipalities, from which 16 have a town status. It is the second most densely populated region in Slovakia.
Upādāna
Upādāna (Hindi: उपादान) is a Sanskrit and Pali word that means "fuel, material cause, substrate that is the source and means for keeping an active process energized". It is also an important Buddhist concept referring to "attachment, clinging, grasping". In Buddhism, it is considered to be the result of taṇhā (craving), and is part of duḥkha (dissatisfaction, suffering, pain).

Buddhaghosa
Buddhaghosa was a 5th-century Sinhalese Theravādin Buddhist commentator, translator, and philosopher. He worked in the great monastery (mahāvihāra) at Anurādhapura, Sri Lanka and saw himself as being part of the Vibhajyavāda school and in the lineage of the Sinhalese mahāvihāra.

His best-known work is the Visuddhimagga ("Path of Purification"), a comprehensive summary of older Sinhala commentaries on the scriptural canon of the Theravāda school. According to Sarah Shaw, in Theravāda Buddhism this systematic work is "the principal text on the subject of meditation." The interpretations provided by Buddhaghosa have generally constituted the orthodox understanding of Theravādin scriptures since at least the 12th century CE.

Buddhaghosa is generally recognized by both Western scholars and Theravādin Buddhists as the most important philosopher and commentator of the Theravāda school.
Ceratina binghami
Ceratina binghami is a species of bee belonging to the family Apidae, subfamily Xylocopinae. It constructs nests in stems of plants such as Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Adenanthera pavonina. Females guard the nest entrance.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a species of flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae, native to the tropics and subtropics of the Americas. It could be native to the West Indies, but its exact origin is unknown due to widespread cultivation. Common names for this species include poinciana, peacock flower, red bird of paradise, Mexican bird of paradise, dwarf poinciana, pride of Barbados, flos pavonis, and flamboyant-de-jardin.  The Hawaiian name for this plant is ʻohai aliʻi.