hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saint-Julien-sur-Garonne
Saint-Julien-sur-Garonne (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒyljɛ̃ syʁ ɡaʁɔn], literally Saint-Julien on Garonne; before September 2005: Saint-Julien; Occitan: Sent Julian de Garona) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Antônio Jacó da Paixão
Antonio Jacó da Paixão (28 November 1842 — 26 September 1912) was a Brazilian politician and signatory of the Brazilian Constitution of 1891.

A lawyer, he graduated from the Legal and Social Sciences university of São Paulo (Now the Law School of the University of São Paulo) in 1875.

Brazilian Constitution of 1891
The Brazilian Constitution of 1891 (Portuguese: Constituição brasileira de 1891), also known Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Brazil (Constituição da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil), promulgated on February 24, 1891, was the country's second constitution and the first of the republican period. The form of government became the Federative Republic, composed of twenty states (previously called provinces), and the Federal District (the city of Rio de Janeiro).
Huta Nowa, Gmina Bieliny
Huta Nowa [ˈxuta-'nɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bieliny, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Bieliny and 27 km (17 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
1998 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1998, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians. Malaysia hosted the XVI Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur between 11 and 21 September.

Yang di-Pertua Negeri
The Governor, officially Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوا نݢري‎, lit. 'He Who is Made Head of the State') is the constitutional head of the four Malaysian states without a ruler, namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak. This is in contrast with the ruler (Malay: Raja), who serves as the constitutional monarch and head of state in the nine Malay states. These rulers are the Sultans of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu; the Raja of Perlis; and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
Ems powerline crossing
The 380 kV Ems Overhead Powerline Crossing is a power line crossing for two three-phase circuits on the Ems River South of Weener, Germany. It is mounted since summer 2007 on two 110 m tall pylons with two crossbars. The length of the span is 405 m.

With smaller 84m pylons before 2007, the crossing was an obstacle for Jewel-class cruise ships built by Meyer Werft in Papenburg. Although the first two ships could pass beneath the line, the clearance was often so close that the line had to be switched off.  When this procedure was followed on November 4, 2006, in order to let the third vessel Norwegian Pearl pass, the 2006 European blackout occurred in many parts of Europe. According to official reports, this was caused by the switching off of this line.

In summer 2007, the towers were rebuilt to be 26 metres (85 feet) higher to let the 4th ship pass, and future ships.

Jewel-class cruise ship
The Jewel class is a class of cruise ships operated by the Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) and was built by Meyer Werft of Germany. The Jewel class became NCL's largest ships, until the construction of Norwegian Epic, at 153,000 GT, in 2009 at STX Europe in St. Nazaire, which is also owned by NCL. The lead ship, Norwegian Jewel was delivered in August 2005 and the last vessel, Norwegian Gem was delivered in October 2007; however, the second ship of the class Norwegian Jade (originally built as Pride of Hawaii) was originally intended for NCL America. After sailing for the line in two years (2006–2008), Pride of Hawaii proved to be unsuccessful as the intra-Hawaiian market could not profitably accommodate more than one cruise ship. In 2008, NCL decided to transfer Pride of Hawaii to their fleet, leaving Pride of America as the sole vessel sailing the intra-Hawaii market. After receiving her current NCL livery, Pride of Hawaii was rechristened as Norwegian Jade and sailed for NCL in 2008.
Route knowledge
Route knowledge is one of the core skills together with train handling (also known as brake handling) and a full understanding of railway rules, which the operating crew must possess in order to be able to operate a train safely.

Train driver
A train driver is a person who operates a train, railcar, or other rail transport vehicle. The driver is in charge of and is responsible for the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all of the train handling (also known as brake handling). Train drivers must follow certain guidelines for driving a train safely.
Diencephalon
In the human brain, the diencephalon (or interbrain) is a division of the forebrain (embryonic prosencephalon). It is situated between the telencephalon and the midbrain (embryonic mesencephalon). The diencephalon has also been known as the tweenbrain in older literature. It consists of structures that are on either side of the third ventricle, including the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus and the subthalamus.

The diencephalon is one of the main vesicles of the brain formed during embryonic development. During the third week of development a neural tube is created from the ectoderm, one of the three primary germ layers, and forms three main vesicles: the prosencephalon, the mesencephalon and the rhombencephalon. The prosencephalon gradually divides into the telencephalon (the cerebrum) and the diencephalon.

Hindbrain
The hindbrain, rhombencephalon (shaped like a rhombus) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. It includes the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. Together they support vital bodily processes.
Alexandru Dan
Alexandru Angelo Dan (born 30 January 1994) is a Romanian footballer who plays as a midfielder. He previously played for Mureșul Deva, Târgu Mureș, Pandurii Târgu Jiu, Rapid București, Universitatea Cluj, Metalul Reșița and Cetate Deva.

CS Sportul Snagov
Club Sportiv Sportul Snagov, commonly known as Sportul Snagov or simply as Snagov, was a Romanian professional football club from Snagov, Ilfov County, founded in 2007 as Damila Măciuca and dissolved in 2020. Last time the club played in the Liga II, the second-tier in the Romanian football system, but withdrew during the winter-break of the 2019–20 season, due to financial problems.
The Scary of Sixty-First
The Scary of Sixty-First is a 2021 American horror thriller exploitation film directed by Dasha Nekrasova (in her feature directorial debut), who co-wrote the screenplay with Madeline Quinn. It stars Betsey Brown, Quinn, and Dasha Nekrasova.

The film had its world premiere in the Encounters section of the 71st Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Best First Feature Award. In May 2021, distribution rights were acquired by distributor Utopia and streaming service Shudder. It opened in theaters in Los Angeles on December 3, 2021, and in New York City on December 17, followed by a VOD release on December 24.

Shudder (streaming service)
Shudder is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. It is one of the streaming services owned and operated by AMC Networks that primarily distributes horror, thriller, and supernatural fiction titles, and therefore offers original films, TV series—such as Creepshow, based on the 1982 film—and docuseries. Shudder's library also features non-original programming, including well-known horror films. Shudder annually airs a Halloween "Ghoul Log" (a Halloween-themed equivalent to the Yule Log). It also had its own VRV channel from its initial launch in late 2016 until mid-2019.
International Polkafest
The International Polkafest is an annual music festival devoted to polka. The festival draws about a dozen bands and was held for a time and until 2008 at the Ironworld Discovery Center in Chisholm, Minnesota.  The first Polkafest was held in Pine City, Minnesota in 1978 at the Pine County Fairgrounds and it was held there most often throughout the years until it outgrew the space.  The event was the brainchild of Florian Chmielewski, and attracts thousands of people each year.

An International Polkafest was held in Kitzbühel, Austria in 1978.

Florian Chmielewski
Florian W. Chmielewski Sr. (February 10, 1927 – April 23, 2024) was an American musician and politician. He played as an accordion player with the Chmielewski Family Funtime Band, performing polka music throughout the midwest.

Chmielewski was elected to the Senate in 1970, becoming chair of the employment committee in 1981. During a special session in 1987, Chmielewski was elected to serve as president, due to the absence of State Sen. Jerome M. Hughes, who both preceded and succeeded Chmielewski in the position. In 1996, Chmielewski was placed on probation after pleading guilty to a gross misdemeanor for providing family members state long-distance access codes, allowing them to make phone calls at state expense.

Chmielewski appeared on the weekly television show, Chmielewski Funtime, for over 35 years. He continued performing with his band up until his death on April 23, 2024, at the age of 97.
Maria Fernanda Alves
Maria Fernanda Barbato Alves (Brazilian Portuguese: [maˈɾi.ɐ feʁˈnɐ̃dɐ ˈawvis]; born 17 April 1983), also known as Nanda Alves, is a Brazilian former tennis player.

As of 1 March 2010, Alves was ranked world No. 262, and was the highest ranked Brazilian player. She enjoyed success on the ITF Circuit, winning 23 singles and 58 doubles titles. Alves made her WTA Tour debut at Copa Colsanitas in 2004, and played qualifications for all four Grand Slam events. Partnering with Vanessa Henke, she took part in the 2005 Australian Open doubles event, but they lost to Daniela Hantuchová and Martina Navratilova in the first round. After 2016 Brasil Tennis Cup, Alves retired from professional tennis.

2005 Australian Open
The 2005 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 until 30 January 2005. Roger Federer was unsuccessful in defending his 2004 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by eventual champion Marat Safin in a rematch of the 2004 final. Safin defeated third-seed Lleyton Hewitt in the final in four sets. Justine Henin-Hardenne could not defend her 2004 title due to an injury suffered in the second half of 2004. Serena Williams, the champion in 2003, defeated Lindsay Davenport in the women's final. It marked the centenary of the inaugural tournament.
Perchlorylbenzene
Perchlorylbenzene (C6H5ClO3, PhClO3), is an aromatic compound prepared by direct electrophilic perchlorylation of benzene using perchloryl fluoride and aluminum trichloride:

The compound is described as a somewhat shock-sensitive oily liquid.  It exhibits low chemical reactivity and is inert towards acidic (HCl (aq.)) or reducing (LiAlH4, H2/Pd) conditions.  However, it undergoes hydrolysis upon reflux in aqueous KOH to afford phenol, and undergoes aromatic nitration to afford the meta-nitration product, as expected for a strongly –I, –M substituent.

It and its derivatives have been investigated as novel energetic materials analogous to nitro compounds.

Nitro compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, C−H bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution.  Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid.
Matarat Holding Company
Matarat Holding Company (Arabic: شركة مطارات القابضة), formerly the Saudi Civil Aviation Holding Company (SAVC) (Arabic: شركة الطيران المدني السعودي القابضة), is a state-owned closed joint-stock company based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia that offers services in aviation management. Established in 2013 by the country's General Authority of Civil Aviation, it today operates all of Saudi Arabia's 29 civilian airports through its four wholly owned subsidiaries.

Aviation management
Aviation management is a study discipline responsible for coordinating operations at an Airport and airline management or other business in the airline industry. Professionals in this discipline specialize in various field, such as flight logistics, aircraft maintenance, customer service and marketing for the airline.
Laura Pavlović
Laura Pavlović (born in Skopje, SR Macedonia, former Yugoslavia) is a Serbian lyric and spinto soprano opera singer, and a soloist with the Serbian National Theatre Opera in Novi Sad.

She completed the Isidor Bajić Music School in Novi Sad, and graduated from the Academy Of Arts, University of Novi Sad, where she was under the tuition of Biserka Cvejić. She has also been coached by Nikola Mitić, principal baritone of the National Opera Belgrade, and Olivera Miljaković of the Vienna State Opera, Austria.

Pavlović's debut leading role was as Đula in the comic opera Ero s onoga svijeta (Ero the Joker) by composer Jakov Gotovac. Her particular vocal style and stage presence have been noted by media critics.

In 2012, with pianist Strahinja Đokić she performed a series of solo concerts in several towns of Vojvodina, as part of a project devoted to promotion of heritage of Serbian operatic and vocal music.

Lyric soprano
A lyric soprano is a type of operatic soprano voice that has a warm quality with a bright, full timbre that can be heard over an orchestra. The lyric soprano voice generally has a higher tessitura than a soubrette and usually plays ingenues and other sympathetic characters in opera. Lyric sopranos have a range from approximately middle C (C4) to "high D" (D6). This is the most common female singing voice. There is a tendency to divide lyric sopranos into two groups: light and full.
Sizy Bugor
Sizy Bugor (Russian: Сизый Бугор) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Sizobugorsky Selsoviet of Volodarsky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,582 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast (Russian: Астраха́нская о́бласть, romanized: Astrakhanskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southern Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Astrakhan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,010,073.
Susan Hespos
Susan J. Hespos is an American developmental psychologist serving as the professor of infant studies and leader of BabyLab in the MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development, as well as the School of Education at Western Sydney University.

Hespos's research shows that babies think before they speak. Her work provides the earliest evidence of cognitive abilities in infants and illustrates how early thinking establishes the foundation for adult reasoning. She has used a range of methods and has studied individuals of various ages and cultures. She advocates for a theoretical perspective known as core knowledge, which asserts that beneath the differences among humans lies a set of perceptual and conceptual capacities that are shared.

Hespos has served as Associate Editor for Developmental Psychology (2016 – 2020), Associate Editor for Cognitive Psychology (2022 – 2024), and a member of the editorial board of Psychological Science (since 2020).

Developmental Psychology (journal)
Developmental Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association covering research in developmental psychology. Publishing formats are research articles, reviews, and theoretical or methodological articles. The current editor-in-chief is Koraly Pérez-Edgar (The Pennsylvania State University).

The journal has implemented the Transparency and Openness Promotion guidelines that provide structure to research planning and reporting and aim to make research more transparent, accessible, and reproducible.
Emmanuel Burriss
Emmanuel Allen Burriss (born January 17, 1985) is an American former professional baseball utility player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants, Washington Nationals, and Philadelphia Phillies. He is a switch-hitter who throws right-handed. While primarily a second baseman, Burriss played a variety of positions during his career.

Syracuse Mets
The Syracuse Mets are a Minor League Baseball team of the International League and the Triple-A affiliate of the New York Mets. They are located in Syracuse, New York, and play their home games at NBT Bank Stadium, which opened in 1997 and has a seating capacity of 10,815.

The Mets are named for their major league affiliate and former owner, the New York Mets. In August 2025 they announced that they would be rebranding for the 2027 season. A "re-name the team" contest would be held to come up with name ideas, followed by fan voting and a reveal of the new team identity in fall 2026.

From 1934 to 1957, 1961 to 1996, and from 2007 to 2018, the team was named the Syracuse Chiefs, while from 1997 to 2006 it was named the Syracuse SkyChiefs. When the club was purchased by the New York Mets in October 2018, it was renamed the Syracuse Mets.
Francis Kitaka
Francis Xavier Kitaka (1 January 1935 – 12 September 2020) was a Ugandan biochemist, veterinarian, entrepreneur and industrialist. He is the former chairman of Cipla Quality Chemical Industries Limited (CIPLAQCIL), located in Luzira, a suburb of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. CIPLAQCIL is the only company in Sub-Saharan Africa, that is authorized to manufacture triple therapy antiretroviral drugs.

Quality Chemicals Limited
Quality Chemicals Limited (QCL) is a Ugandan pharmaceutical, life sciences, and distribution company. The company was formed in 1997,  specializing at first in the importation of generic human and veterinary medication. Its headquarters are located on Katwe Road, in the neighborhood known as Katwe in Makindye Division in the southern part of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.
Loehle 5151 Mustang
The Loehle 5151 Mustang is a 3/4 scale replica of the P-51 Mustang, designed by American designer Carl Loehle. Its plans are provided for amateur builders. The aircraft has a wooden fuselage with fabric covering.

Aircraft fabric covering
Aircraft fabric covering is a term used for both the material used and the process of covering aircraft open structures. It is also used for reinforcing closed plywood structures. The de Havilland Mosquito is an example of this technique, as are the pioneering all-wood monocoque fuselages of certain World War I German aircraft like the LFG Roland C.II in its wrapped Wickelrumpf plywood strip and fabric covering.

Early aircraft used organic materials such as cotton and cellulose nitrate dope; modern fabric-covered designs usually use synthetic materials such as Dacron and butyrate dope for adhesive. Modern methods are often used in the restoration of older types that were originally covered using traditional methods.
Kaunas pogrom
The Kaunas pogrom was a massacre of Jews living in Kaunas, Lithuania, that took place on 25–29 June 1941; the first days of Operation Barbarossa and the Nazi occupation of Lithuania.

The most infamous incident occurred at the garage of NKVD Kaunas section, a nationalized garage of Lietūkis, an event known as the  Lietūkis Garage Massacre. There, several dozen Jewish men, allegedly associates of NKVD, were publicly tortured and executed on 27 June in front of a crowd of Lithuanian men, women and children.

The incident was documented by a German soldier who photographed the event as a man, nicknamed the "Death Dealer", beat each man to death with a metal bar.

After June, systematic executions took place at various forts of the Kaunas Fortress, especially the Seventh and Ninth Fort.

Einsatzkommando
During World War II, the Nazi German Einsatzkommandos were a sub-group of the Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads) – up to 3,000 men total – usually composed of 500–1,000 functionaries of the SS and Gestapo, whose mission was to exterminate Jews, Polish intellectuals, Romani, and communists in the captured territories often far behind the advancing German front. Einsatzkommandos, along with Sonderkommandos, were responsible for the systematic murder of Jews during the aftermath of Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. After the war, several commanders were tried in the Einsatzgruppen trial, convicted, and executed.
Aigars Kesenfelds
Aigars Kesenfelds (born 2 November 1983) is a Latvian entrepreneur and investor, known for his contributions to the financial technology sector and various industries. He is reported to be the owner of over 100 companies in Latvia, main ultimate beneficiary in Sun Finance and owns large majority of shares in peer-to-peer lending marketplace Mintos, Mogo and a 43% stake in the Luxembourg-registered Eleving Group.

Aigars Kesenfelds is the Founder and Chairman of the Board of ALPPES Capital, a first-generation family office established in 2019 to consolidate family assets.

Financial technology
Financial technology (abbreviated as fintech) refers to the application of innovative technologies to products and services in the financial industry. This broad term encompasses a wide array of technological advances in financial services, including mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications such as cryptocurrencies. Financial technology companies include both startups and established technology and financial firms that aim to improve, complement, or replace traditional financial services.