hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mildenhall Rural District
Mildenhall Rural District was a rural district in the county of West Suffolk, England. It was created in 1894 out of the former Mildenhall rural sanitary district.

In 1935 it was expanded by taking in parts of the disbanded Brandon and Moulton RDs.

Since 1 April 1974 it has formed part of the local government district of Forest Heath and then from 1st April 2019 West Suffolk district.

Sanitary district
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878.  The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:

Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies

Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions.

Each district was governed by a local board of health, which was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing.

In England and Wales both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced under by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts.  A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
Natalya Gorbanevskaya
Natalya Yevgenyevna Gorbanevskaya (Russian: Ната́лья Евге́ньевна Горбане́вская, IPA: [nɐˈtalʲjə jɪvˈɡʲenʲjɪvnə ɡərbɐˈnʲefskəjə] ⓘ; 26 May 1936 – 29 November 2013) was a Russian poet, a translator of Polish literature and a civil-rights activist. She was one of the founders and the first editor of A Chronicle of Current Events (1968–1982). On 25 August 1968, with seven others, she took part in the 1968 Red Square demonstration against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. In 1970 a Soviet court sentenced Gorbanevskaya to incarceration in a psychiatric hospital. She was released from the Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital in 1972, and emigrated from the USSR in 1975, settling in France. In 2005, she became a citizen of Poland.

Index on Censorship
Index on Censorship is an organisation campaigning for freedom of expression. It produces a quarterly magazine of the same name from London. It is directed by the non-profit-making Writers and Scholars International, Ltd (WSI) in association with the UK-registered charity Index on Censorship (founded as the Writers and Scholars Educational Trust), which are both chaired by the British television broadcaster, writer and former politician Trevor Phillips. The current CEO is Jemimah Steinfeld.

WSI was created by poet Stephen Spender, Oxford philosopher Stuart Hampshire, the publisher and editor of The Observer David Astor, and the writer and expert on the Soviet Union Edward Crankshaw. The founding editor of Index on Censorship was the critic and translator Michael Scammell (1972–1981), who still serves as a patron of the organisation.
Emmanuel Nyante
Colonel Emmanuel Obeng Nyante is a Ghanaian soldier and politician. He was a member of the National Redemption Council (NRC) government which ruled Ghana between January 1972 and October 1975 following a military coup led by Colonel Kutu Acheampong.

Following the overthrow of the constitutionally elected Progress Party government of Kofi Abrefa Busia, Nyante was appointed as a member of the NRC which formed a military government. He first served as the Eastern Regional Commissioner from January 1972 to 1973.

In May 1973, he was moved to the Volta Region where he replaced Major P. K. D. Habadah as the Volta Regional Commissioner until January 1974.

In 1974, Nyante became the Commissioner for Education, Youth and Culture. He held this position until the NRC was replaced by the Supreme Military Council in October 1975.(Commissioner for Education, Youth and Culture)

Volta Regional Minister
The Volta Regional Minister is the Ghana government official who is responsible for overseeing the administration of the Volta Region of Ghana. The boundaries of the Volta Region have changed at various times in Ghana's history. Following the December 2018 referendums, the region has been divided into two with the northern part becoming the Oti Region and the southern part remaining as the Volta Region. There are currently sixteen administrative regions in Ghana.
Euclid's orchard
In mathematics, informally speaking, Euclid's orchard is an array of one-dimensional "trees" of unit height planted at the lattice points in one quadrant of a square lattice. More formally, Euclid's orchard is the set of line segments from (x, y, 0) to (x, y, 1), where x and y are positive integers.

The trees visible from the origin are those at lattice points (x, y, 0), where x and y are coprime, i.e., where the fraction ⁠x/y⁠ is in reduced form. The name Euclid's orchard is derived from the Euclidean algorithm.

If the orchard is projected relative to the origin onto the plane x + y = 1 (or, equivalently, drawn in perspective from a viewpoint at the origin) the tops of the trees form a graph of Thomae's function. The point (x, y, 1) projects to

The solution to the Basel problem can be used to show that the proportion of points in the ⁠⁠ grid that have trees on them is approximately  and that the error of this approximation goes to zero in the limit as n goes to infinity.

Limit (mathematics)
In mathematics, a limit is the value that a function (or sequence) approaches as the argument (or index) approaches some value. Limits of functions are essential to calculus and mathematical analysis, and are used to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals.
The concept of a limit of a sequence is further generalized to the concept of a limit of a topological net, and is closely related to limit and direct limit in category theory.
The limit inferior and limit superior provide generalizations of the concept of a limit which are particularly relevant when the limit at a point may not exist.
Wenner
Wenner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Axel Wenner-Gren (1881–1961), Swedish industrial magnate

Charles F. Wenner (died 1882), American politician from Maryland

Christopher Wenner (1954–2021), British journalist

François Wenner (1889–1964), Lusambo provincial governor, Belgian Congo (1940–1944)

Jann Wenner (born 1946), creator of Rolling Stone magazine

Kurt Wenner, street artist

Max Wenner (1887–1937), known for mysterious death

Rosemarie Wenner (born 1955), Methodist bishop in Germany

Violet B. Wenner (1884–1970), portrait painter

Jann Wenner
Jann Simon Wenner (/ˈjɑːn ˈwɛnər/ YAHN WEN-er; born January 7, 1946) is an American businessman who co-founded the popular culture magazine Rolling Stone with Ralph J. Gleason and is the former owner of Men's Journal magazine. He participated in the Free Speech Movement while attending the University of California, Berkeley. Wenner co-founded Rolling Stone in 1967.

Later in his career, Wenner co-founded the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and founded other publications. As a publisher and media figure, he has faced controversy regarding Hall of Fame eligibility favoritism, the breakdown of his relationship with gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson, and criticism that his magazine's reviews were biased.
Little Lon district
Little Lon was the popular name for a slum and red-light district in Melbourne, Australia.

The area was roughly bounded by Lonsdale, Spring, Stephen (later Exhibition) and La Trobe streets. Little Lonsdale Street itself ran through the block, and the area was further divided by numerous narrow laneways. In the nineteenth century the area consisted of timber and brick cottages, shops and small factories and was home to an ethnically diverse and generally poor population. Today there are few reminders of the area's former notoriety.

Lonsdale Street
Lonsdale Street is a main street and thoroughfare in the Melbourne central business district, Australia. It runs roughly east–west and was laid out in 1837 as one of Melbourne's original boundaries within the Hoddle Grid. The street extends from Spring Street in the east to Spencer Street in the west.

Lonsdale Street is home to multiple office buildings, churches, restaurants and shopping centres. Its most notable function is housing the State of Victoria's legal precinct and courthouses. The street is also named for Melbourne's first magistrate, William Lonsdale.
Natesan Srinivasan
Natesan Srinivasan (1919–1965) was a pioneer of aircraft design and aeronautics education in India. He made key contributions to aeronautics education and aviation development just as India emerged as an independent nation in 1947. He served as the Director of the Madras Institute of Technology from 1954 to 1959, where the future President of India,Abdul Kalam helped set up the vision for national aviation development in India. At the time of his untimely death, he was the project director for the AVRO project in Kanpur, India.

Aircraft design process
The aircraft design process is a loosely defined method used to balance many competing and demanding requirements to produce an aircraft that is strong, lightweight, economical and can carry an adequate payload while being sufficiently reliable to safely fly for the design life of the aircraft. Similar to, but more exacting than, the usual engineering design process, the technique is highly iterative, involving high-level configuration tradeoffs, a mixture of analysis and testing and the detailed examination of the adequacy of every part of the structure. For some types of aircraft, the design process is regulated by civil airworthiness authorities.

This article deals with powered aircraft such as airplanes and helicopter designs.
Hyde Hall, Denton
Hyde Hall in Denton, a town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, is a Grade II* listed building and was home to a branch of the Hyde family of Denton and Hyde.

The building was partially built with timber and then was partially faced with brick and stone. Below the Hyde coat of arms is an inscription dating the hall to at least 1625, and was originally built in the 16th or 17th century. In 1642 one of the residents of Hyde Hall, Robert Hyde, raised troops to aid the besieged Parliamentarians in Manchester during the English Civil War.

The hall is privately owned and is listed on the Buildings at Risk Register, rating its condition as "very bad". The roof structure has partially failed and the interior is being destroyed by the weather. There is no plan in place to repair the hall or to bring it back into use.

Heritage at Risk Register
An annual Heritage at Risk Register is published by Historic England. The survey is used by national and local government, a wide range of individuals and heritage groups to establish the extent of risk and to help assess priorities for action and funding decisions. This heritage-at-risk data is one of the UK government's official statistics.

Heritage at risk is term for cultural heritage assets that are at risk as a result of neglect, decay, or inappropriate development; or are vulnerable to becoming so.
Friedrich Wilhelm Gottlieb Rostkovius
Friedrich Wilhelm Gottlieb Theophil Rostkovius (1770–1848) was a German physician, mycologist and botanist.

In 1801, he received his doctorate from the University of Halle with the thesis Dissertatio Botanica Inauguralis De Junco (treatise on rushes), studying under Carl Ludwig Willdenow. He later settled in Stettin as a medical practitioner and continued to study plants and fungi, and publish on them.

The plant genus Rostkovia from the family Juncaceae was named in his honor by Nicaise Auguste Desvaux (1784-1856). His name is also associated with the species Euphrasia rostkoviana.

Juncaceae
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family.  It consists of 7 genera and about 464 known species  of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as Juncus bufonius are annuals, but most are perennials. Despite the apparent similarity, Juncaceae are not counted among the plants with the vernacular name bulrush.
Aplysiidae
Aplysiidae is the only family in the superfamily Aplysioidea, within the clade Anaspidea. These animals are commonly called sea hares because, unlike most sea slugs, they are often quite large, and when they are underwater, their rounded body shape and the long rhinophores on their heads mean that their overall shape resembles that of a sitting rabbit or hare. Sea hares are however sea snails with shells reduced to a small plate hidden between the parapodia, and some species are extremely large. The Californian black sea hare, Aplysia vaccaria is arguably the largest living gastropod species, and is certainly the largest living heterobranch gastropod.

Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs (meaning "different gill"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic, and terrestrial gastropod molluscs.

Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Heterobranchia comprises two groups: the opisthobranchs, and the pulmonates.
Angelika Nussberger
Angelika Helene Anna Nußberger (born 1 June 1963 in Munich) is a German professor of law and scholar of Slavic studies, and was the judge in respect of Germany at the European Court of Human Rights from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019; from 2017 to 2019 she was the Court's vice-president. She had previously been Vice-Rector of the University of Cologne. Currently she is Director of the Institute of Eastern European Law and Comparative Law of the University of Cologne.

Slavic studies
Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics, is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic peoples, languages, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was primarily a linguist or philologist researching Slavistics. Increasingly, historians, social scientists, and other humanists who study Slavic cultures and societies have been included in this rubric.

In the United States, Slavic studies is dominated by Russian studies. Ewa Thompson, a professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, described the situation of non-Russian Slavic studies as "invisible and mute".
Graeme Hatcher
Graeme Hatcher (born 11 February 1957) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He later played with Clarence in Tasmania, and was then captain-coach of several Victorian country sides – Hopetoun, Woomelang-Lascelles and Warracknabeal.

Clarence Football Club
The Clarence Football Club, nicknamed the Kangaroos, is an Australian rules football club playing in the Southern Football League, based in Bellerive, Tasmania. Before 1947, they existed as Bellerive Football Club.

The Club play their home games at  Ninja Stadium  (formerly Bellerive Oval And Blundstone Arena), Hobart's Test Cricket ground, they share the facilities with Tasmania's cricket team, the Tasmanian Tigers.
Lincoln Park High School (Michigan)
Lincoln Park High School (LPHS) is a public school in Lincoln Park, Michigan. The school colors are orange and blue, and the teams are called the Railsplitters, a reference to Abraham Lincoln. It is a part of Lincoln Park Public Schools.

LPHS has a student-to-teacher ratio of 35:1 and was given a rating of "C" as of 2010 it has been given a "B" by the Michigan Department of Education in 2007–2008.  As of the class of 2011, LPHS has a graduation rate of 63.5% (starting with about 490 students, now having about 232)  and an attendance rate of 75%.

LPHS has many programs and extra curricular activities including the Spanish Club, Lincoln Park Building Trades, Guitar Club, Anime Club, JROTC, FIRST Robotics Competition, National Honor Society, four school bands (marching, symphonic, and concert), E.M.T. Education, Business Management, CADD, Agriscience, and Quiz Bowl.

National Honor Society
The National Honor Society (NHS) is one of the oldest, largest, and most widely recognized cocurricular student organizations in American high schools, with 1.4 million members. The purpose of the NHS is to create enthusiasm for scholarship, to recognize outstanding students, to stimulate a desire to render service, to promote leadership, and to develop character in the students of secondary schools. Membership in local NHS chapters is an honor bestowed upon a student by a Faculty Council and is based on the four pillars of NHS: scholarship, character, leadership, and service. Once selected, members have the responsibility to continue to demonstrate these qualities.
Dennis Winston
Dennis "Dirt" Winston (born October 25, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New Orleans Saints. He played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks. He substituted for the injured Jack Ham in Super Bowl XIV as the starting left outside linebacker. On October 17, 2013, Winston was named interim head coach for the Grambling State Tigers football team.

Winston coached for Grove City, Slippery Rock, Arkansas State, Norfolk State, Arkansas, Lincoln High School, Kentucky State, Toledo, the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL), Mississippi Valley State, Arkansas–Pine Bluff, and Eastern Illinois.

Slippery Rock football
The Slippery Rock football program,  nicknamed The Rock, represents Slippery Rock University in Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania in the sport of college football. Slippery Rock competes in the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference which is a part of NCAA Division II football. They play their home games at Mihalik-Thompson Stadium, a 10,000-seat capacity stadium named after Rock coaches N. Kerr Thompson and George Mihalik.
We R Blighty
We R Blighty is a United Kingdom community interest company founded in 2022, that as of 2025 conducts street collections to raise money for homeless ex-soldiers. "Blighty" is a British English slang term for Great Britain, or often specifically England.

It has been the subject of numerous news stories regarding the possible illegitimacy of its activities. The company states that donations are split 50:50 between the company's operators and homeless soldiers.

In June 2025, the City of London reported that two of We R Blighty's directors had pleaded guilty to multiple offences under the Police, Factories, & c. (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 31) in regard to unlicensed street collections.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Exhaust system
An exhaust system is used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. The entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more exhaust pipes. Depending on the overall system design, the exhaust gas may flow through one or more of the following:

Cylinder head and exhaust manifold

A turbocharger to increase engine power.

A catalytic converter to reduce air pollution.

A muffler (North America/Australia) / silencer (UK/India), to reduce noise.

Cylinder head
In a piston engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders, forming the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines the head is a simple plate of metal containing the spark plugs and possibly heat dissipation fins. In more modern overhead valve and overhead camshaft engines, the head is a more complicated metal block that also contains the inlet and exhaust passages, and often coolant passages, valvetrain components, and  fuel injectors.
Atlético Petróleos de Luanda in international football
This article aims at providing details on the participation and performance of Atlético Petróleos de Luanda at the various competitions organized by the Confederation of African Football, namely the CAF Champions League, the CAF Confederation Cup and the former CAF Cup and CAF Winner's Cup as well as international tournaments and friendlies.

Petro de Luanda has a total 29 participations in CAF-sponsored competitions, including 8 in the CAF Champions League, 9 in the African Cup of Champions Clubs, 7 in the CAF Confederation Cup, 4 in the CAF Cup Winners' Cup and 1 in the CAF Cup.

In 1997, the club reached the final of the CAF Cup, having finished as the runner-up. In 2001, they reached the semi-finals of the CAF Champions League. In 2004 and 2006, they reached the group stage of the CAF Confederation cup and in 2019-20, that of the Champions League.

CAF Cup
The CAF Cup was an annual competition organised by the CAF for  domestic leagues runners-up of member associations who have not qualified to one of the two pre-existing CAF international club competitions the African Cup of Champions Clubs or the African Cup Winners' Cup.
Cyclin D/Cdk4
The Cyclin D/Cdk4 complex is a multi-protein structure consisting of the proteins Cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, or Cdk4, a serine-threonine kinase. This complex is one of many cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes that are the "hearts of the cell-cycle control system"  and govern the cell cycle and its progression. As its name would suggest, the cyclin-dependent kinase is only active and able to phosphorylate its substrates when it is bound by the corresponding cyclin. The Cyclin D/Cdk4 complex is integral for the progression of the cell from the Growth 1 phase to the Synthesis phase of the cell cycle, for the Start or G1/S checkpoint.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), also known as cell division protein kinase 4, is an enzyme that is encoded by the CDK4 gene in humans. CDK4 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, a group of serine/threonine kinases which regulate the cell cycle. CDK4 regulates the G1/S transition by contributing to the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (RB) protein, which leads to the release of protein factors like E2F1 that promote S-phase progression. It is regulated by cyclins like cyclin D proteins, regulatory kinases, and cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKIs). Dysregulation of the CDK4 pathway is common in many cancers, and CDK4 is a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
Okke Ornstein
Okke Ornstein (born 1965), is a Dutch investigative journalist who is known for his fraud and corruption investigations. Ornstein was imprisoned in Panama in 2016, and was released after serving more than one month in prison. Ornstein's fraud and corruption investigation has won several awards, including the Prix Europa. Ornstein has produced major stories through NTR and Al Jazeera. Ornstein previously published through his own site Bananama Republic but now publishes for Correspondent at Large..

Omroep NTR
NTR (stylised onscreen as ntr:) is a Dutch public-service broadcaster, supplying television and radio programming of an informational, educational, and cultural nature to the national public broadcasting system, Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO). NTR was created in 2010, following the merger of the Nederlandse Programma Stichting (NPS) and two educational broadcasters, Televisie Academie (Teleac) and the Radio Volksuniversiteit (RVU). For details of these predecessor organizations, see further below.

Public broadcasting organizations in the Netherlands (that is to say, in the Dutch context, listener and viewer associations) do not have their own stations but are allotted airtime on the three public television and eight public radio networks broadly in relation to the size of their respective memberships. NTR, however, as an independently established statutory body, is not a membership-based organization.