hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orazio Silvestri
Orazio Silvestri (7 February 1835 – 17 August 1890) was an Italian geologist and volcanologist. To him are entitled Monti Silvestri, two pyroclastic cones formed in 1892 north of Nicolosi, at an altitude of 1,900 m, on the slopes of Mount Etna. At a time, such as that of the mid-nineteenth century, when the Italian scientific production was slow due to lack of valid scholars, numerous works of Silvestri found prominence in the most prestigious national and international scientific publications. After his death, he bequeathed studies and works of great value for understanding the evolution of Etna whom had devoted much of his life.

The famous German mineralogist and petrographer Arnold von Lasaulx, with whom he collaborated, defined Silvestri as the "greatest connoisseur of the giant volcano, of the power of its manifestations and of its strength".

Volcanologist
A volcanologist, or volcano scientist, is a geologist who focuses on understanding the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, sometimes active ones, to observe and monitor volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of inquiry in recent times is the prediction of eruptions to alleviate the impact on surrounding populations and monitor natural hazards associated with volcanic activity. Geologists who research volcanic materials that make up the solid Earth are referred to as igneous petrologists.
Ratto
Ratto is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cora Ratto (1912–1981), Argentine mathematician and educator

Daniele Ratto (born 1989), Italian cyclist

Guido Ratto (born 1999), Argentine footballer

Patricia Ratto (born 1962), Argentine writer

Ray Ratto, American sportswriter

Rossella Ratto (born 1993), Italian cyclist

Teresa Ratto (1877-1906), Argentine physician

Daniele Ratto
Daniele Ratto (born 5 October 1989) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2010 and 2016 for the Carmiooro NGC, Geox–TMC, Cannondale, UnitedHealthcare,  and Androni Giocattoli–Sidermec teams.
Silliman Journal
The Silliman Journal is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Silliman University (Dumaguete, Philippines). The editor-in-chief is Margaret U. Alvarez. The journal was established in 1953, starting as a quarterly and interdisciplinary in content. The initial issues contained research papers and articles by faculty and graduate students, but eventually, contributions from non-Silliman scholars and scholars outside of the Philippines were also accepted. The initial publication of the journal was funded by the James W. Chapman Research Foundation.

The Silliman Journal generally accepts contributions in all fields from both Philippine and foreign scholars. Articles are required to have some relevance to the Philippines, Asian, or the Pacific regions. The journal publishes research articles, reviews, notes, and book reviews.

The journal is accredited with the Philippine Commission on Higher Education and is abstracted and indexed by The Zoological Record.

Commission on Higher Education
The Commission on Higher Education (CHED; Filipino: Komisyon sa Mas Mataas na Edukasyon or Komisyon sa Lalong Mataas na Edukasyon) is a government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines. It is responsible for regulating and governing all higher education institutions and post-secondary educational programs in the country.
Langscheid (Sundern)
The hamlet of Langscheid is a part of the town of Sundern in the Sauerland in the district Hochsauerlandkreis in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The climatic spa is situated on the hills to the West of the Sorpe reservoir's dam. Its earliest record dates back to the year 1307 AD.

Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to prehistoric times. Spa towns, spa resorts, and day spas are popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
Tearepa Kahi
Tearepa Kahi (born 16 March 1978), also known as Te Arepa Kahi, is a New Zealand film director and former actor of Ngāti Paoa and Waikato Tainui descent. Kahi is best known for the 2013 drama Mt. Zion starring Stan Walker, and the Pātea Māori Club documentary Poi E: The Story of a Song (2016).

The Maori Merchant of Venice
The Maori Merchant of Venice (Māori: Te Tangata Whai Rawa o Weniti, lit. 'The Richest Man in Venice') is a 2002 New Zealand drama film in the Māori language (with English subtitles), directed by Don Selwyn.
British Gymnastics
British Gymnastics (BG) is the sports governing body for gymnastics disciplines in the United Kingdom including Acrobatic Gymnastics, Aerobic Gymnastics, Disability Gymnastics, Men’s Artistic Gymnastics, Rhythmic Gymnastics, TeamGym, Trampoline, Double Mini Tramp, Tumbling and Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.

It works in partnership with the Home Nations Gymnastics Associations: English Gymnastics, Gymnastics Northern Ireland, Scottish Gymnastics and Welsh Gymnastics.

TeamGym
TeamGym is a form of competition created by the European Union of Gymnastics. The first official competition was held in Finland in 1996. Originally named EuroTeam, TeamGym received its current name in 2002. From 1996 to 2008, the European Championships was an event for clubs; since 2010 the competition is contested with national teams representing different countries. TeamGym events consist of three sections: women, men and mixed teams. Gymnasts perform skills in three different disciplines: floor, tumbling and trampette. In common for the performance is effective teamwork, good technique in the elements and spectacular acrobatic skills.

A variation of the sport in the United States is governed by USA Gymnastics under the Gymnastics for All (GfA) discipline.
Latin American Policy
Latin American Policy (LAP): A Journal of Politics and Governance in a Changing Region is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Policy Studies Organization and the Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Santa Fe.  The journal was established in 2010 with editor-in-chief Isidro Morales Moreno (Tecnológico de Monterrey). The journal focuses on public policy and political science in Latin America.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Cottonwood Air Force Station
Cottonwood Air Force Station is a former United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station.  The radar site was located at the summit of Cottonwood Butte, 5.7 miles (9.2 km) west-northwest of Cottonwood in Idaho County, Idaho.  It was closed in 1965 and transferred to the state of Idaho in 1974, when it was converted to its present use as a minimum-security correctional facility.

Cottonwood Peak Air Force Station was initially part of Phase II of the Air Defense Command Mobile Radar program. The Air Force approved this expansion of the Mobile Radar program on 23 October 1952.  Radars in this network were designated "SM."

Aerospace Defense Command
Aerospace Defense Command was a major command of the United States Air Force, responsible for air defense of the continental United States. It was activated in 1968 and disbanded in 1980. Its predecessor, Air Defense Command, was established in 1946, briefly inactivated in 1950, reactivated in 1951, and then redesignated Aerospace rather than Air in 1968. Its mission was to provide air defense of the Continental United States (CONUS). It directly controlled all active measures, and was tasked to coordinate all passive means of air defense.
Mr. Potter
Henry F. Potter (commonly referred to as Mr. Potter or just Potter) is a fictional character in the 1946 Frank Capra film It's a Wonderful Life, portrayed by veteran actor Lionel Barrymore. Potter is a robber baron and the main antagonist of the film, stealing misplaced money from protagonist George Bailey, seeking to dissolve his building and loan association, and driving him to contemplate suicide.

Robber baron (industrialist)
Robber baron is a term first applied by 19th century muckrakers and others as social criticism to certain wealthy, powerful, and unethical 19th-century American businessmen. The term appeared in that use as early as the August 1870 issue of The Atlantic Monthly magazine. By the late 19th century, the term was typically applied to businessmen who used exploitative practices to amass their wealth. Those practices included unfettered consumption and destruction of natural resources, influencing high levels of government, wage slavery, squashing competition by acquiring their competitors, and to create monopolies and/or trusts that control the market. The term combines the sense of criminal ("robber") and illegitimate aristocracy (“baron”) in a republic.
In the Name of Buddha
In the Name of Buddha is a 2002 multilingual survival drama film directed by Rajesh Touchriver and produced by K. Shanmughathas and Sai George. Starting Shiju and Sonia, the film tells the story of a Sri Lankan Tamil doctor Siva, which is based on a true story heard by the producer.

After its world premiere at the Oslo International Film Festival, the film proved controversial but garnered critical acclaim for its subject matter and was banned in Sri Lanka. It won the Best Foreign Film at the Beverly Hills Film Festival and the Audience Award at the Newport Beach Film Festival.

Survival
Survival or survivorship, the act of surviving, is the propensity of something to continue existing despite conditions that might kill or destroy it. The concept can be applied to humans and other living things (or, hypothetically, any sentient being), to a physical object, and to abstract things such as beliefs or ideas. Living things generally have a self-preservation instinct to survive, while objects intended for use in harsh conditions are designed for survivability.
LTTng
LTTng (Linux Trace Toolkit: next generation) is a system software package for correlated tracing of the Linux kernel, applications and libraries. The project was originated by Mathieu Desnoyers with an initial release in 2005. Its predecessor is the Linux Trace Toolkit.

LTTng uses the Tracepoint instrumentation of the Linux kernel, as well as various other information sources such as kprobes, and the Perf performance monitoring counters.

Designed for minimal performance impact and having a near-zero impact when not tracing, it is useful for debugging a wide range of bugs that are otherwise extremely challenging.

Ftrace
ftrace (Function Tracer) is a tracing framework for the Linux kernel.  Although its original name, Function Tracer, came from ftrace's ability to record information related to various function calls performed while the kernel is running, ftrace's tracing capabilities cover a much broader range of kernel's internal operations.
GamersOrigin
GamersOrigin is a French professional esports club founded in March 2011 by Guillaume Merlini, based in Paris.

GamersOrigin has professional teams on League of Legends, Fortnite, Hearthstone, StarCraft, TrackMania, Street Fighter, Soulcalibur and Apex Legends.

Street Fighter
Street Fighter is a Japanese media franchise centered on a series of fighting games developed and published by Capcom. The first game in the series was released in 1987, followed by the other six main games in the series, various spin-offs and crossovers, and numerous appearances in other media. Its best-selling 1991 release, Street Fighter II, established many of the conventions of the one-on-one fighting genre.

Street Fighter is one of the highest-grossing video game franchises of all time and one of Capcom's flagship series, with total sales of 56 million units worldwide as of March 2025. It is also one of the highest-grossing media franchises and is the longest-running fighting game franchise.
Quooker
Quooker is a company from the Netherlands that manufactures mixing taps with integrated heating elements (instant boiling water dispensers), as well as soap dispensers, water filters and water softeners for removal of minerals from hard water. The company was founded in 1987 by Henri Peteri and his son Niels Peteri. The company holds several patents on both the boiling water tap and other products. Quooker is currently active in 16 different countries as of 2023, and has more than 400 employees. All products are manufactured at their 11,000-square-meter (120,000 sq ft) factory in Ridderkerk, the Netherlands.

Soap dispenser
A soap dispenser is a device that, when manipulated or triggered appropriately, dispenses soap (usually in small, single-use quantities). Soap dispensers typically dispense liquid soap or foam soap. They can be automatic or manually operated by a handle and are often found in public toilets or private bathrooms.
The Invader of Fort Duckburg
"The Invader of Fort Duckburg" is a 1994 Scrooge McDuck comic by Don Rosa. It is the tenth of the original 12 chapters in the series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. The story takes place in 1902.

The story was first published in the Danish Anders And & Co. #1994-10; the first American publication was in Uncle Scrooge #294, in October 1995.

Don Rosa
Keno Don Hugo Rosa (/ˈkiːnoʊ ˈdɒn ˈhjuːɡoʊ ˈroʊzə/), known as Don Rosa (born June 29, 1951), is an American comic book writer and illustrator known for his comics about Scrooge McDuck and other Disney characters. Many of his stories are built on characters and locations created by Carl Barks.

Rosa created about 90 stories between 1987 and 2006, and in 1995 his 12-chapter work The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck won the Eisner Award for Best Serialized Story.
Daulatpur Union, Daulatpur
Daulatpur Union (Bengali: দৌলতপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Daulatpur Upazila, in Kushtia District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 84.56 square kilometres (32.65 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 31,720. There are 23 villages and 19 mouzas in the union.

Kushtia District
Kushtia District (Bengali: কুষ্টিয়া জেলা; pronounced [kuʃʈi̯a‿d͡ʒela] ⓘ) is a district in the Khulna administrative division of western Bangladesh. Kushtia is the second largest municipality in Bangladesh and the eleventh largest city in the country. Kushtia has existed as a separate district since the partition of India. Prior to that, Kushtia was name of a subdivision of Nadia district. Kushtia is the birthplace of many historical figures including Mir Mosharraf Hossain (1847–1912), Bagha Jatin (1879–1915) Akshay Kumar Maitreya(1861 – 1930) and Lalon (1774–1890). Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore lived his early life at Shelaidaha, a village in the district.
1987–88 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1987–88 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 18th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

St Finbarr's were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Muskerry in the second round of the 1987 Cork County Championship.

On 17 March 1988, Burren won the championship following a 1-09 to 0-08 defeat of Clann na nGael in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1986.

1985–86 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1985–86 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 16th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Castleisland Desmonds entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 16 March 1986, Burren won the championship following a 1–10 to 1–6 defeat of Castleisland Desmonds in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It was their first ever championship title.
Maotanchang
Maotanchang, or Maotanchangzhen (simplified Chinese: 毛坦厂镇; traditional Chinese: 毛坦廠鎮; pinyin: Máo Tǎn Chǎng Zhèn) is a town located in the south of Jin'an District, Lu'an, Anhui. It is at the junction of Huoshan County, Shucheng County and Jin'an District. It has an area of 59.1 square kilometers. There are 18,000 people in Maotanchang. Maotanchang High School is located in Maotanchang.

Maotanchang is divided into the following:

Maotanchang Subdistrict Village

Bajiaotang Village

Jinyan Village

Qingshanyan Village

Lijiachong Village

Dongshisun Village

Dashanzhai Village

Huoshan County
Huoshan (Chinese: 霍山; pinyin: Huòshān) is a county of western Anhui province, People's Republic of China, and is under the jurisdiction of Lu'an City. It has a population of 370,000 and an area of 2,042 square kilometres (788 sq mi). The government of Huoshan County is located in Hengshan Town.

Huoshan County has jurisdiction over nine towns and sixteen townships.

The county has a long history, going back over 2,000 years with name "Huoshan" first being used during the Sui dynasty.
Fine Gold Creek
Fine Gold Creek, in Fine Gold Gulch, is a creek in a gulch in Madera County, California that is a river tributary of the San Joaquin River.
It is approximately 18 miles (29 km) from its mouth on the San Joaquin through where it has two forks to its headwaters.

Like Coarse Gold Gulch in the same county and many other places in California, its name derives simply from the practice of gold mining.

Madera County, California
Madera County (/məˈdɛərə/ ⓘ; Madera, Spanish for "Wood"), officially the County of Madera, is a county located at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. It features a varied landscape, encompassing the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada, with Madera serving as the county seat. Established in 1893 from part of Fresno County, Madera County reported a population of 156,255 in the 2020 census.

The name Madera is Spanish for "wood," a reference to the county’s early lumber industry. Portions of Yosemite National Park lie within the county, and tourism, along with agriculture—particularly almonds, grapes, and pistachios—form major parts of the local economy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county’s median household income is below the state average, and its poverty rate is higher than the California average.
62nd NHK Cup (shogi)
The 62nd NHK Cup, or as it is officially known the 62nd NHK Cup TV Shogi Tournament (第62回NHK杯テレビ将棋トーナメント, dairokujūnikai enueichikeihai terebi shōgi tōnamento) was a professional shogi tournament organized by the Japan Shogi Association and sponsored by Japan's public broadcaster NHK. Play began on April 8, 2012, and ended on March 17, 2013. The 50-player single elimination tournament was won by Akira Watanabe. All of the tournament games were shown on NHK-E. The host (司会者, shikaisha) during the NHK-E broadcasts was female professional Rieko Yauchi.

NHK Educational TV
NHK Educational TV (NHK教育テレビジョン, Enu eichi kei Kyōiku terebijon), abbreviated on-screen as NHK E, is the second television service of NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation). It is a sister service of NHK General TV, showing programs of a more  educational, documentaries, cultural, children's or intellectual nature, periodically also showing anime, and also airing programming from Nickelodeon. A similar counterpart would be PBS of the United States (or to a lesser extent BBC Two, BBC Three, BBC Four, CBBC and CBeebies of the UK). NHK displays a watermark "NHK E" at the upper right for its digital TV broadcast. In 2010, NHK began using the abbreviation E Tele (イーテレ, Ī Tere).
Staroalexeyevka
Staroalexeyevka (Russian: Староалексеевка) is a rural locality (a village) in Adzitarovsky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 25 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Karmaskalinsky District
Karmaskalinsky District (Russian: Кармаскали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Ҡырмыҫҡалы районы, Qırmıśqalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders with Ufimsky and Iglinsky Districts in the north, Arkhangelsky District in the east, Gafuriysky District in the southeast, Aurgazinsky District in the south, Davlekanovsky District in the southwest, and with Chishminsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,750 square kilometers (680 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Karmaskaly. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 51,504, with the population of Karmaskaly accounting for 16.6% of that number.
Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne
The Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne are a Roman Catholic congregation of religious sisters, who are a part of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. The Congregation was founded on December 8, 1900, by Rose Hawthorne Lathrop, a daughter of the famed novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne. They specialize in caring for those suffering from terminal cancer and have no financial resources.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Calfpasture River
The Calfpasture River is a river in the U.S. state of Virginia. It flows about 41.0 miles (66.0 km) from its source, Gordons Peak in the Allegheny Mountains, to its confluence with the Little Calfpasture River, forming the Maury River. Via the Maury, the Calfpasture's waters flow into the James River, thence Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.

According to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, variant names of the Calfpasture River include the Big Calfpasture River, Calf Pasture River, Great Calfpasture River, and North River.

United States Board on Geographic Names
The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a federal body operating under the United States secretary of the interior. The purpose of the board is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the federal government of the United States.
1953 Latin Cup (basketball)
The 1953 Latin Cup was the 1st edition of the Latin Cup. It took place at Frontón Recoletos, Madrid, Spain, on April 5-8, 1953 with the participations of Real Madrid, Borletti Milano Milano (champions of the 1951–52 Lega Basket Serie A), ASVEL (champions of the 1951–52 Nationale 1) and Jonction (champions of the 1952–53 Ligue Nationale A). In the Day 3 where the match held the title, Real Madrid won Borletti by 63–58 and became Latin Cup champions.

Swiss Basketball League
The Swiss Basketball League, also known as SB League or SBL, is the top-tier professional club basketball league in Switzerland. It is organized by Swiss Basketball. The winners of the SBL are crowned Swiss national basketball champions. Currently, twelve teams compete in the league. Historically, Fribourg Olympic is the league's most successful team, as it has won a league-record 19 championships. Until 2017, the league was known as the Championnat LNA.