hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Witwer Grocery Company Building
The Witwer Grocery Company Building, also known as the Osada Building or more recently as the Bottleworks Loft Condominiums, is a historic structure located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. The building served as the grocery warehouse for the Witwer Grocery Company, a local Cedar Rapids grocer which included MeToo stores from 1946 to 1965 and had a bottling facility for Life Cola and Hires Root Beer on the first floor.   The building is five stories tall and rises 55 feet (17 m) above the ground. It was designed by the architectural firm of Blahnik & Berger and was completed in 1946. The building was extensively renovated from 1996 to 1997 into apartments. A full height atrium was created in the buildings core. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998, and is part of the Commercial & Industrial Development of Cedar Rapids MPS. The Osada complex closed in 2007 and was remodeled into Bottleworks Loft Condominiums post-2008 flood.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and the county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 137,904 in 2024. making it the second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 128 miles (206 km) northeast of Des Moines, the state's capital.

Cedar Rapids is the economic hub of Eastern Iowa, located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor. The population of the three-county Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 276,520 in 2020. The Cedar Rapids metropolitan area is also part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area.
ICCN
ICCN is an initialism for:

Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature

International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Interfaith Climate Change Network

Indiana Classic Car Network or Illinois Classic Car Network

International Center on Conflict and Negotiation

Inner City Computer Network

Intercultural Conflict, Communication and Negotiation

Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature
The Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (English; "Congolese Institute for Nature Conservation") is a Congolese governmental partner tasked with the protection and conservation of the Virunga National Park and Kahuzi-Biega National Park, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Members of the ICCN are charged with the overall protection of the parks and the endangered mountain gorilla. The ICCN works with various national and international NGO partners.
Avanceña
Avanceña is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Ramón Avanceña (1872–1957), 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1925 to 1941.

Amando Avanceña (1879–1953), Filipino lawyer, hacendero, and politician.

Honeylet Avanceña (born 1970), businesswoman, former nurse and domestic partner of Rodrigo Duterte

Veronica Avanceña Duterte (born 2004), American-born Filipino socialite who is the youngest daughter of Rodrigo Duterte

Hector Avanceña Zabala (born 1971), Filipino musician and producer

Honeylet Avanceña
Cielito "Honeylet" Salvador Avanceña (born February 17, 1970) is a Filipino businesswoman and former nurse who is the domestic partner of Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th President of the Philippines (in office from 2016 to 2022). Avanceña and Duterte have been in a relationship since as early as 1996 and have a daughter together. Although she was de facto spouse of the president of the Philippines, she was not designated as First Lady during Duterte's presidency. Nonetheless, she served the duties of First Lady during state banquets.
The Museum of Art, Ehime
The Museum of Art, Ehime (愛媛県美術館, Ehime-ken Bijutsukan) opened in the grounds of Matsuyama Castle in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan in 1998, as the successor to the Ehime Prefectural Museum of Art (愛媛県立美術館), which opened in 1970. The collection of some 11,900 works includes paintings by Monet and Cezanne, nihonga practitioners Yukihiko Yasuda and Yokoyama Taikan, and yōga masters Nakamura Tsune and Yasui Sōtarō, as well as pieces by local artists, including Sugiura Hisui and Masamu Yanase (柳瀬正夢).

Yōga
Yōga (洋画; literally "Western-style painting") is a style of artistic painting in Japan, typically of Japanese subjects, themes, or landscapes, but using Western (European) artistic conventions, techniques, and materials.  The term was coined in the Meiji period (1868–1912) to distinguish Western-influenced artwork from indigenous, or more traditional Japanese paintings, or Nihonga (日本画).
Blithewold Mansion, Gardens and Arboretum
The Blithewold Mansion, Gardens and Arboretum is an arboretum of 13 hectares (32 acres), located at 101 Ferry Road, Bristol, Rhode Island, midway between Newport and Providence, Rhode Island, on Bristol Harbor with views over Narragansett Bay. It includes a mansion, with a 4 hectares (9.9 acres) lawn and over 300 species of woody plants in its arboretum and gardens, including both native and exotic species.

The Mansion and its grounds were established in the 1890s by Augustus and Bessie Van Wickle as their summer retreat. Augustus Van Wickle was from Hazleton, Pennsylvania, with a fortune in the coal-mining business  and a donor of the Van Wickle Gates at Brown University.

Van Wickle Gates
The Van Wickle Gates form the ornamental entrance to Brown University's main campus in Providence, Rhode Island. The gates stand at the intersection of College Street and Prospect Street at the crest of College Hill. Dedicated on June 18, 1901, they stand as a symbol for the campus and its 259-year history.
Palmellaceae
The Palmellaceae are a family of green algae, specifically of the Chlamydomonadales. Members of this group are typically found in atmophytic or terrestrial habitats, or as phycobionts associated with lichens; a few are found in fresh water.

Members of the Palmellaceae consist of cells which may be solitary or colonial, when colonial in irregular groups or gelatinous colonies. Cells are usually spherical, more rarely ellipsoidal, ovoid, or bean-shaped. The chloroplast is variable in morphology, either parietally or centrally placed. Parietal chloroplasts may be cup-shaped or divided into smaller plates, while central chloroplasts may be dissected with radiating lobes or forming an irregular net-like mesh. Pyrenoids may be present or absent. The nucleus is mostly central.

Reproduction occurs via the formation of zoospores of morphology similar to those of the genus Dunaliella, which lack a true cell wall. More rarely, aplanospores or simple vegetative cell division also occur.

Zoospore
A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion in aqueous or moist environments. Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some protists, bacteria, and fungi to propagate themselves. Certain zoospores are infectious and transmittable, such as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a fungal zoospore that causes high rates of mortality in amphibians.
Richardson & Wrench
Richardson & Wrench is an Australian real estate company. It was founded in 1858 by Robert Richardson and Edward Wrench in George Street, Sydney. In 1889, it was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. It was taken over by Lendlease in December 1961 and delisted. In 1982, Lendlease sold the business to Neil Collins, who in turn sold it in 1988 to the Malaysian WTK Group.

As at 2016, Richardson & Wrench had 100 franchises in New South Wales and Queensland. It previously had offices in the Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania and Western Australia. In 2016, it was purchased by chief executive Andrew Cocks in a management buyout.

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
Jose Maria Panganiban Monument
The monument to Jose Maria Panganiban is in front of the Gabaldon building at the Naga Central School 1, Naga, Camarines Sur, Philippines, and was erected in 1930 by the school's Parents-Teachers Association, 30 years after his death. It is said to be the oldest existing monument of the Bicolano hero. It has been neglected for years and was scheduled for demolition had it not been for the timely intervention of a Naga City councilor during an inspection of the heritage building.

Parent–teacher association
A parent–teacher association/organization (PTA/PTO), or parent–teacher–friend association (PTFA), is a formal organization comprising parents, teachers and staff that is intended to facilitate parental participation in a school. A parent–teacher–student association (PTSA) additionally invites students to participate and give input.
Doctor Who season 20
The twentieth season of British science fiction television series Doctor Who began on 3 January 1983 with the story Arc of Infinity, and ended 16 March 1983 with The King's Demons. A 20th Anniversary special, "The Five Doctors", followed in November 1983. John Nathan-Turner produced this series, with Eric Saward script editing.

John Nathan-Turner
John Turner (12 August 1947 – 1 May 2002), known professionally as John Nathan-Turner, was an English television producer. He was the ninth producer of the long-running BBC science fiction series Doctor Who and the final producer of the series' first run on television (from 1980 until it was cancelled in 1989). He finished the role having become the longest-serving Doctor Who producer and cast Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy as the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors, respectively.
1991 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1991 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1991 to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Ray Mabus unsuccessfully ran for reelection to a second term. This election marked the first time a Republican was elected Governor of Mississippi since Reconstruction, when Adelbert Ames won the office in  1873.

This is the last gubernatorial election where the Democratic candidate carried any of three counties (Hancock, Harrison and Jackson) along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

Mississippi Gulf Coast
The Mississippi Gulf Coast, also known as Mississippi Coast, Mississippi Gulf Coast region, Coastal Mississippi, and The Coast, is the area of Mississippi along the Mississippi Sound at the northern extreme of the Gulf of Mexico.
McKenzie Adams
McKenzie Elise Adams (born February 13, 1992) is an American professional volleyball player who plays as an outside hitter for LOVB Pro team LOVB Atlanta. She played collegiately at Virginia for one season before transferring and finishing her career out at UTSA, where she became the first ever All-American in the program's history.

University of Texas at San Antonio
The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA or UT San Antonio) is a public research university in San Antonio, Texas. Established in 1969, UTSA is the largest university in San Antonio and the third-largest public research university in Texas by annual research expenditures, enrolling approximately 38,200 students across six campuses spanning about 1,200 acres.

UT San Antonio is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity", a status held by 187 of the approximately 4,000 degree-granting postsecondary institutions in the U.S., representing about 4.7% of universities nationwide. UTSA generates $7 billion in annual economic impact.

Student-athletes compete as the UTSA Roadrunners and are members of the American Conference. The football team, which was founded in 2009, previously competed in Conference USA, the WAC, and as a Football Championship Subdivision independent.
JNR Class C52
The Class C52 (C52形) is a type of 4-6-2 steam locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company at Schenectady Works for the Japanese Government Railways in 1925. The locomotives were originally classified as the 8200 class under the JGR locomotive classification system until 1928.

They were acquired to sample the latest American three-cylinder conjugated valve gear steam technology; as a consequence only six – the minimum order – were purchased and the tenders were built locally by Hitachi. They were the last Japanese steam locomotives to be imported. These served as an exemplary forerunner to the C53.

Drawing (before renovation)

Valve gear
The valve gear of a steam engine is the mechanism that operates the inlet and exhaust valves to admit steam into the cylinder and allow exhaust steam to escape, respectively, at the correct points in the cycle. It can also serve as a reversing gear. It is sometimes referred to as the "motion".
Allomerus decemarticulatus
Allomerus decemarticulatus is an Amazonian ant species found in the tropics of South America. This species is most notable for the workers' complex and extreme predatory behavior, which involves a symbiosis with both a plant and fungal species.
They live in leaf pockets of a host plant species, Hirtella physophora. These leaf pockets are areas inside of the plant between the leaves and the stem. Each colony, which consists of about 1,200 workers, inhabits a single tree; however, the ants are spread among the leaf pockets, with typically 40 workers per pocket. Their diet primarily consists of large insects that are captured on the plant, but they also eat some kinds of food bodies produced by the plant as well as its nectar. They are able to capture their prey, which is much larger than themselves, by constructing a platform that acts as a trap for the unsuspecting prey. The ants hide in the trap and attack when any insect lands on it. This technique is an example of ambush predation.

Beltian body
A Beltian body is a detachable tip found on the pinnules of some species of Acacia and closely related genera. Beltian bodies, named after Thomas Belt, are rich in lipids, sugars and proteins and often red in colour. They are believed to have evolved in a symbiotic relationship with ants. The ants live inside special plant structures (domatia) or near the plant and keep away herbivores.

Other ant-mutualism related plant structures include Beccarian, Mullerian and pearl bodies.

Unique among spiders for its predominantly herbivorous diet, Bagheera kiplingi feeds almost exclusively on Beltian bodies.
Musa Mohamed Ahmed
Musa Mohamed Ahmed is a Sudanese politician who was an Assistant to the President of Sudan. He was also the leader of Eastern Front, a rebel group based in eastern Sudan. The Beja Congress (Ahmed's group) and the Free Lions Movement (Mabrouk Mubarak Salim's group) merged to create the movement. The Eastern Front began negotiations in  May 2006 with the Sudanese Government  and concluded them on 14 October 2006 with the signing of a peace agreement. This took place in Asmara, Eritrea.

In December 2014 Ahmed, as head of Beja Congress, called on the ruling National Congress Party to postpone the 2015 Sudanese general election until a more comprehensive constitutional settlement had been reached.

In 2017 Ahmed was reconfirmed in his role as presidential assistant.

Rashaida Free Lions
The Rashaida Free Lions (Arabic: الأسود الحُرة, al-usud al-hurra) were an armed group of the Rashaida people that was active in the eastern regions of Sudan.  The Free Lions were formed in November 1999 by Mabrouk Mubarak Salim.
Ali Ahmed Abdi
Ali Ahmed Abdi (died 2025)31 was a Somali journalist who worked for Radio Gaalkacyo. He worked in the station for three years as head of programs, until his untimely death by shooting with the insurgent group Al-Shabaab claiming responsibility.

Mudug
Mudug (Somali: Mudug) is an administrative region (gobol) in north-central Somalia. Spread across an area of 72,933 km2 (28,160 sq mi), the northern section of Mudug is part of Puntland whilst the majority of Mudug is part of Galmudug State, both of which are autonomous states within the Federal Republic of Somalia. It features a rural economy based largely on pastoralist livelihoods and limited agriculture. The security environment is volatile due to inter-clan feuds and conflicting jurisdiction, which has resulted in humanitarian and governance challenges.
Panciatici
Panciatici is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bandino Panciatici (1629–1718), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (1690–1718)

Jacques Panciatici (1948–2024), French rally driver

Nelson Panciatici (born 1988), French professional racing driver

Jacques Panciatici
Jacques Panciatici (10 November 1948 – 1 December 2024) was a French rally driver active during the 1970s and 80s. He recorded five top-10 finishes in the French Rally Championship from 1980 to 1988 in Group N.

Panciatici began racing in 1969, driving a Group 5 Renault 8 Major (then Gordini), and became an official VW-France driver in 1979 following his victory in the Renault Challenge.

Panciatici died on 1 December 2024, at the age of 76.
Free neutron decay
A free neutron refers to a neutron that is not bound to an atomic nucleus. When embedded in a stable nuclide, neutrons have not been observed to decay. Free neutrons decay with a mean lifetime of 878.4±0.5 s (nearly 15 minutes).

The free neutron decays via the weak interaction and may be called the simplest example of beta decay. The decay results in the stable resultant products of a proton, electron and an electron antineutrino.  This is expressed as a decay equation:

The decay parameters of such a common baryon are of significance across multiple areas of physics, in particular particle physics and cosmology.

Highly precise quantitative measurements of the free neutron mean lifetime by two different methods vary by more than the errors in the measurement techniques. This issue has been called the neutron lifetime puzzle.

Exponential decay
A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.  Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where N is the quantity and λ (lambda) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant, disintegration constant, rate constant, or transformation constant:

The solution to this equation (see derivation below) is:

where N(t) is the quantity at time t, N0 = N(0) is the initial quantity, that is, the quantity at time t = 0.
Christian Brunhart (politician, born 1956)
Christian Brunhart (born 10 January 1956) is a politician from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 2000 to 2001.

He completed a commercial apprenticeship as a electronics technician at Oerlikon Balzers in 1976 and worked at the company from 1980 to 1994. He was the head of the statistics department of the Liechtenstein government. He was a deputy member of the Landtag on three occasions; from February  to October 1993, April 1994 to 2000, and finally from 2001 to 2005. He became a full member on 13 September 2000 when he succeeded Gebhard Hoch upon his death.

He married Rosmarie Walse on 31 May 1985 and they have one child together. He is from Balzers.

Oerlikon Balzers
47°4′4.5″N 9°30′0.2″E﻿ / ﻿47.067917°N 9.500056°E﻿ / 47.067917; 9.500056

Oerlikon Balzers is part of the OC Oerlikon group, a Swiss technology conglomerate, and a supplier of PVD coatings. The OC Oerlikon group consists of companies in the following divisions: Polymer Processing Solutions and Surface Solutions. The coatings produced by Oerlikon Balzers aim to improve the performance and service life of, for example, metallic precision components by reducing friction and supplying additional hardness.
Spangold
Spangold is a family of shape memory-effect alloys (SME) of gold, copper, and aluminum in either 18K or 23K. The name of the family is a play on the word "spangled".

Spangold is a beta-phase alloy with a nominal stoichiometry of Au7Cu5Al4 and a nominal composition by mass of 76% gold, 18% copper, and 6% aluminum. The texture is caused by the induction of a martensitic-type phase transformation on a polished surface.

Spangold undergoes a martensitic-type phase transformation when properly treated. This phase transformation is induced on a polished surface of the alloy. Martensitic transformations are a common feature in shape memory alloys, and they involve a reversible change in crystal structure that allows the material to recover its original shape when subjected to specific temperature changes.

Martensite
Martensite is a very hard form of steel crystalline structure. It is named after German metallurgist Adolf Martens. By analogy the term can also refer to any crystal structure that is formed by diffusionless transformation.
2002 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 2002 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002. Democratic Governor Parris Glendening was term-limited and could not seek a third term. Republican Bob Ehrlich defeated Democrat Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, making him the first Republican governor of Maryland since Spiro Agnew, who served from 1967 to 1969. As of 2025, this is the last time Charles County voted Republican in a statewide election.

This election marked the first time since the 1934 gubernatorial election that a Republican won Maryland without Baltimore City or Montgomery County.

Charles County, Maryland
Charles County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 166,617. The county seat is La Plata. The county was named for Charles Calvert (1637–1715), third Baron Baltimore. The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state. With a median household income of $103,678, Charles County is the 39th-wealthiest county in the United States as of 2020, and the highest-income county in the United States with a Black-majority population.
Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik
The Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (English: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Birkhäuser Verlag. The editor-in-chief is Kaspar Nipp (ETH Zurich). It was established in 1950 and covers the fields of theoretical and applied mechanics, applied mathematics, and related topics. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 1.711.

Birkhäuser
Birkhäuser was a Swiss publisher founded in 1879 by Emil Birkhäuser. It was acquired by Springer Science+Business Media in 1985. Today it is an imprint used by two companies in unrelated fields:

Springer continues to publish science (particularly: history of science, geosciences, computer science) and mathematics books and journals under the Birkhäuser imprint (with a leaf logo) sometimes called Birkhäuser Science.

Birkhäuser Verlag – an architecture and design publishing company was (re)created in 2010 when Springer sold its design and architecture segment to ACTAR. The resulting Spanish-Swiss company was then called ActarBirkhäuser. After a bankruptcy, in 2012 Birkhäuser Verlag was sold again, this time to De Gruyter.

Additionally, the Reinach-based printer Birkhäuser+GBC operates independently of the above, being now owned by Basler Zeitung.