hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spas (soup)
Spas (Armenian: Սպաս) is a matzoon-based soup. It is a traditional dish in Armenia. Besides matzoon (a fermented milk product), the main ingredient are herbs, and hulled wheat berries (i.e. with husks removed).

Flour, and an egg or egg yolk is included, to prevent the matzoon from curdling. Herbs, such as coriander, thyme, parsley, and sometimes mint, are added as well. Butter and regular onions, or fried onions are also often added to the soup for a richer taste. It can also be served with meatballs. Sometimes a green leaf vegetable such as spinach is added.

Traditionally there are three major variations using, respectively, rice, bulgur or barley, instead of wheat.

This soup is traditionally served warm in winter and chilled in summer.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Palamut, Hasankeyf
Palamut (Kurdish: Xirbe Kur) is a village in the Hasankeyf District of Batman Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Derhawî tribe and had a population of 43 in 2021.

The hamlets of Keçili and Koyunlu are attached to the village.

Hasankeyf District
Hasankeyf District is a district of Batman Province in Turkey. The town of Hasankeyf is the seat and the district had a population of 7,496 in 2021. Its area is 293 km2. The district was established in 1990.
Pangaltı Armenian Cemetery
The Pangaltı Armenian Cemetery was located in the Pangaltı quarter of Istanbul near Taksim Square and originally belonged to the Surp Agop Armenian Hospital. In the 1930s, it was demolished and was replaced with the Taksim Gezi Park, Divan Hotel, Hilton Hotel, Hyatt Regency Hotel, and the TRT Radio Buildings.

It is considered to have been the largest non-Muslim cemetery in Istanbul's history.

Taksim Square
Taksim Square (Turkish: Taksim Meydanı, IPA: [ˈtaksim ˈmejdanɯ]), situated in Beyoğlu in the European part of Istanbul, Turkey, is a major tourist and leisure district famed for its restaurants, shops, and hotels. It is considered the heart of modern Istanbul, with the central station of the Istanbul Metro network. Taksim Square is also the location of the Republic Monument (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Anıtı) which was crafted by Pietro Canonica and inaugurated in 1928. The monument commemorates the 5th anniversary of the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence.

The square is flanked to the south by The Marmara Hotel, to the east by the Atatürk Cultural Centre, to the north by Gezi Park and to the west by Taksim Mosque. Several major roads converge on the square: Gümüşsuyu Caddesi, Cumhuriyet Caddesi, Tarlabaşı Bulvarı, İstiklal Caddesi and Sıraselviler Caddesi.
Joe Reichler
Joseph Lawrence Reichler (January 1, 1915 – December 12, 1988) was an American sports writer who worked for the Associated Press from 1943 to 1966. He mostly covered the New York City based baseball teams. Reichler also wrote many baseball books, and worked for the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball.

In 1982, it was discovered that he sold items that had earlier been donated to the Baseball Hall of Fame to cover his financial problems.

He was awarded the J. G. Taylor Spink Award by the Baseball Writers' Association of America in 1980.

Commissioner of Baseball
The commissioner of baseball is the chief executive officer of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the associated Minor League Baseball (MiLB) – a constellation of leagues and clubs known as "organized baseball". Under the direction of the commissioner, the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball hires and maintains the sport's umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, and television contracts. The commissioner is chosen by a vote of the owners of the teams. The incumbent MLB commissioner is Rob Manfred, who assumed office on January 25, 2015.
BBC Radio Oxford
BBC Radio Oxford is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of Oxfordshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios in the Summertown area of Oxford.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 87,000 listeners and a 3.5% share as of December 2023.

RAJAR
Radio Joint Audience Research Limited (RAJAR; /ˈreɪdʒɑːr/) was established in 1992 to operate a single audience measurement system for the radio industry in the United Kingdom. RAJAR is jointly owned by the BBC and Radiocentre. RAJAR's predecessor was called Joint Industry Committee on Radio Audience Research (JICRAR; /ˈdʒɪkrɑːr/). Prior to this, the BBC and Radiocentre's predecessor CRCA carried out their own measurements independently of each other.
1971 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10
The 1971 Giro d'Italia was the 54th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began with a prologue team time trial in Lecce on 20 May, and Stage 10 occurred on 30 May with a stage to Pian del Falco di Sestola. The race finished in Milan on 10 June.

Casciana Terme
Casciana Terme (Latin Castrum ad Aquas, Balneum ad Aquas) is a town of 2,500 inhabitants in the comune of Casciana Terme Lari, in the province of Pisa, Tuscany, central Italy.

The name Casciana derives from the Latin name of Cassius, with the meaning of "Cassio’s Land”, but the location is first mentioned by the name of Acqui at the end of the 9th century, with reference to the thermal characteristics of the place. The village was called Bagni di Casciana, referring to the center of Casciana, until 1956 when it assumed its present name.
Rupert Shrive
Rupert Shrive (born 1965) is an English artist who was born in West Runton.

His interest in art started at the age of six, copying Uccello's Saint George and the Dragon.  He attended Norwich School of Art, St Martin's School of Art and the Slade School of Fine Art in London. He had a studio above the Coach and Horses in Soho for five years, where he met Francis Bacon.  Among his subjects was Soho Pam, a homeless beggar who peddled copies of his watercolour portrait of her.

He lived for many years in Spain and Italy before settling in Paris. His work has been exposed at the Courtauld Institute in London and the Maison de Balzac in Paris. The film, I Love Paris, based on a poem by Rufo Quintavalle, was shot on location in and around his Montmartre atelier in 2024.

West Runton
West Runton is a village in North Norfolk, England, on the North Sea coast. West Runton and East Runton together form the parish of Runton. The village straddles the A149 North Norfolk coast road and is 2+1⁄2 miles west of Cromer and 1+1⁄2 miles east of Sheringham.
Antonio Leal Labrín
Antonio Leal Labrín (10 January 1950 – 17 November 2021) was a Chilean politician. A member of the Party for Democracy, he served in the Chamber of Deputies of Chile from 1998 to 2010 and was its President from 2006 to 2007.

Chamber of Deputies of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados) is the lower house of Chile's bicameral Congress. Its organisation and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of Chile's current constitution.
Knut Olsen
Knut Olsen (July 26, 1953 in Bærum – January 11, 2011) was a journalist for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) since 1983. Starting in 2008 he was the news anchor together with Nina Owing. He also led various political debate programs. He died from cancer on January 11, 2011.

His daughter, Thea Olsen, has after his death worked as sports-anchor in TV 2.

Bærum
Bærum (Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ːrʉm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.
Port of Bitung
Port of Bitung (Indonesian: Pelabuhan Bitung) is a seaport located on Jalan D.S Sumolang in Bitung, North Sulawesi, in Indonesia.  It is the largest port in the province, consists of both container and passenger ship ports.  The port serves as a hub for most exports originated from North Sulawesi and other areas of eastern Indonesia to destinations such as Philippines and Vietnam.  There are also ferry routes linking Bitung with General Santos and Davao City.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L20
39S ribosomal protein L20, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL20 gene.

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 21q.

5S ribosomal RNA
The 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA) is an approximately 120 nucleotide-long ribosomal RNA molecule with a mass of 40 kDa. It is a structural and functional component of the large subunit of the ribosome in all domains of life (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes), with the exception of mitochondrial ribosomes of fungi and animals. The designation 5S refers to the molecule's sedimentation coefficient in an ultracentrifuge, which is measured in Svedberg units (S).
Rastelli
Rastelli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ellis Rastelli (born 1975), Italian cyclist

Enrico Rastelli (1896–1931), Italian juggler, acrobat and performer

Giancarlo Rastelli (1934–1970), Italian cardiac surgeon
Rastelli procedure, an open heart surgical procedure

Maicol Rastelli (born 1991), Italian cross-country skier

Massimo Rastelli (born 1968), Italian footballer and manager

Philip Rastelli (1918–1991), American mobster

Rastelli procedure
The Rastelli procedure is an open heart surgical procedure developed by Italian physician and cardiac surgery researcher Giancarlo Rastelli, in 1967 at the Mayo Clinic, and involves using a pulmonary or aortic homograft conduit to relieve pulmonary
obstruction in double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary stenosis.

On July 26, 1968, the first successful surgery was carried out at the Mayo Clinic by Dr. Robert Wallace.
Diamond White (cider)
Diamond White is a brand of white cider produced in Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England by Brookfield Drinks, who bought the brand from the Gaymer Cider Company in 2013. Like White Star, it is a cider with an alcohol content of 7.5%. It was launched by the Taunton Cider Company of Shepton Mallet, now part of Matthew Clark, in 1986, and is one of the company's major brands of cider. In 2015, Brookfield relaunched Diamond White with new branding, and launched Diamond Black, an 8% amber cider.

Its main competition is from other low-cost white ciders such as Frosty Jack's and White Ace, as well as other cheap alcoholic drinks such as Skol Super and supermarket branded beers like Tesco Super and Asda Super.

It is available in 2-litre bottles and in 500 ml cans.

Shepton Mallet
Shepton Mallet is a market town and civil parish in Somerset, England, some 16 miles (26 kilometres) southwest of Bath, 18 miles (29 kilometres) south of Bristol and 5 miles (8.0 kilometres) east of Wells. It had an estimated population of 10,810 in 2019. Mendip District Council was based there. The Mendip Hills lie to the north and the River Sheppey runs through the town, as does the route of the Fosse Way, the main Roman road between north-east and south-west England. There is evidence of Roman settlement. Its listed buildings include a medieval parish church. Shepton Mallet Prison was England's oldest, but closed in March 2013. The medieval wool trade gave way to trades such as brewing in the 18th century. It remains noted for cider production. It is the closest town to the Glastonbury Festival and nearby the Royal Bath and West of England Society showground.
Pargas (former municipality)
Pargas (Finland Swedish: [ˈpɑrːɡɑs]; Finnish: Parainen, pronounced [ˈpɑrɑi̯nen]) is a former town and municipality in south-western Finland. On 1 January 2009, it was consolidated with Houtskär, Iniö, Korpo and Nagu to form the new municipality of Väståboland (since renamed to Pargas).

It is known as the "capital" of the archipelago of Turku and had been called a town since 1977. It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The town had a population of 12,266 (as of 31 December 2008) and covered a land area of 273.18 square kilometres (105.48 sq mi). The population density was 44.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (116/sq mi).

The municipality was bilingual, with the majority (54%) being Swedish and the minority (45%) Finnish speakers.

The city has many little suburbs around it, including Kirjala and Lielax.

Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland (Finnish: Varsinais-Suomi, IPA: [ˈʋɑrs̠inɑi̯s̠ˌs̠uo̞̯mi]; Swedish: Egentliga Finland) is a region (Finnish: maakunta, Swedish: landskap) of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, Pirkanmaa, Kanta-Häme, Uusimaa, and Åland. The regional capital and most populous city is Turku, which was the capital city of Finland before Helsinki.

The region largely corresponds to the historical province of Finland Proper. Until 2019, its official English name was Finland Proper, a designation still used in Finnish (Varsinais-Suomi) and Swedish (Egentliga Finland).
Oliver Wyman
Oliver Wyman, LLC is an American management consulting firm. Founded in New York City in 1984 by former Booz Allen Hamilton partners Alex Oliver and Bill Wyman, the firm has more than 60 offices in Europe, North America, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific employing over 5,000 professionals. The firm is part of the Oliver Wyman Group, a business unit of Marsh McLennan.

Jim Manzi (software entrepreneur)
James J. Manzi (/ˈmænzi/; born 1963) is an American technology entrepreneur. He was the founder and chairman of Applied Predictive Technologies (a business analytics firm) that was sold to MasterCard in 2015 for $600 million.  He subsequently co-founded the artificial intelligence software company Foundry.ai.  He is the inventor of a series of related software patents.

Manzi has also written widely on the philosophy of science, politics and policy.  He is the author of the book Uncontrolled, which argues for the more widespread use of randomized experimentation in business and social science. He co-authored an article on the use of randomized experimentation in business for the Harvard Business Review.  He is a contributing editor at National Review, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, and was formerly a contributor to a variety of blogs.
Dennis O'Keeffe
Dennis O'Keeffe (1939–2014) was an English professor of social science at the University of Buckingham and editor of the Salisbury Review. He was Education and Welfare Fellow at the Institute of Economic Affairs. In addition, he served on the advisory boards of both the Social Affairs Unit, and FOREST, the smoker's rights campaign. He died on 16 December 2014.

Social Affairs Unit
The Social Affairs Unit was a right-leaning think tank in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1980 as an offshoot of the Institute of Economic Affairs, it published books on a variety of social issues. Its website notes that "many SAU supporters are inclined to believe that the generation which fought the Second World War were rather too keen on social engineering over the goals of personal responsibility".

The Unit published Standpoint (2008 - 2021), a monthly cultural and political newsstand magazine edited by Daniel Johnson (2008 - 2018), Michael Mosbacher (2018 - 2019), Edward Lucas (2019 - 2020) and Andreas Campomar (2020 - 2021).
Nuri Şahin (volleyball)
Nuri Şahin (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈnuɾi ʃaːˈhin]; born January 1, 1980) is a Turkish volleyball player. He is 1.97 m (6 ft 6 in) tall at 91 kg (201 lb), and plays as libero. He capped 155 times for the Turkey men's national volleyball team. As of 2012-13 season, Şahin plays for Halkbank Ankara and wears number 5. He studied at Marmara University.

Born on January 1, 1980, in Tokat, Şahin began playing volleyball in primary school. In 1994, he went professional at Eczacıbaşı. He was then a member of Galatasaray, Emlakbank, Arçelik, Fenerbahçe and Arkas Spor Izmir before he transferred in July 2012 to Halkbank Ankara.

Nuri Şahin is married since 2006 and has a son, Alp Toğan Şahin, born in 2011.

He was a member of the Turkey men's national volleyball team, which was the champion at the 2005 Summer Universiade held in İzmir, Turkey. He won the Men's CEV Cup 2012–13 with Halkbank Ankara and was named "Best Receiver" of the tournament.

Eczacıbaşı Volleyball
Eczacıbaşı Dynavit is the professional women's volleyball department of Eczacıbaşı S.K., a Turkish sports club based in Istanbul, Turkey. The team plays its home matches at the Eczacıbaşı Spor Salonu hall in Istanbul. Eczacıbaşı has won a record 16 Turkish League titles and a record nine Turkish Cups, amongst others. In the 2014–15 season they won the CEV Champions League and that gave them the ticket to capture the 2015 FIVB World Club Championship in Zürich, a year later the club became the first club in the world to win the FIVB World Club Championship back-to-back by defending their crown in the Philippines during the 2016 FIVB World Club Championship in Manila. Eczacıbaşı VitrA is the most successful Turkish volleyball club with 28 national championship titles overall since the introduction of a national league in 1956.
Click Bishop
Clark Calvin "Click" Bishop (born July 25, 1957) is an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served in the Alaska Senate from 2013 to 2025. Bishop represented the western Fairbanks North Star Borough and many rural communities in Interior Alaska. Bishop served as the state's Commissioner of the Department of Labor and Workforce Development from 2007 to 2012.

Interior Alaska
Interior Alaska is the central region of Alaska's territory, roughly bounded by the Alaska Range to the south and the Brooks Range to the north. It is largely wilderness. Mountains include Denali in the Alaska Range, the Wrangell Mountains, and the Ray Mountains. The native people of the interior are Alaskan Athabaskans. The largest city in the interior is Fairbanks, Alaska's second-largest city, in the Tanana Valley. Other towns include North Pole, just southeast of Fairbanks, Eagle, Tok, Glennallen, Delta Junction, Nenana, Anderson, Healy, and Cantwell. The interior region has an estimated population of 113,154.
Dmitry Demidov
Dmitry Vladimirovich Demidov (Russian: Дмитрий Владимирович Демидов; born 11 December 1975) is a Belarusian politician serving as chairman of the Vitebsk Regional Council of Deputies since 2024. From 2015 to 2024, he served as mayor of Novopolotsk. From 2019 to 2024, he was a member of the Council of the Republic.

Council of the Republic (Belarus)
53°53′46″N 27°32′41.2″E﻿ / ﻿53.89611°N 27.544778°E﻿ / 53.89611; 27.544778

The Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Савет Рэспублікі Нацыянальнага сходу Рэспублікі Беларусь, romanized: Saviet Respubliki Nacyjanaĺnaha schodu Respubliki Bielaruś; Russian: Совет Республики Национального собрания Республики Беларусь) is the upper house of the parliament of Belarus.
Luke Dorman
Luke Dorman is the principal designer of Santa Fe-based Meow Wolf. He designed the poster for the 2021 Telluride Film Festival, as well as the 2023 50th Telluride Film Festival. He has also taught at the Santa Fe University of Art and Design.

Dorman's style straddles fine art, graphic design, and illustration. His work has earned recognition from Print magazine, Communication Arts, and  the Society for Typographic Arts.

Santa Fe University of Art and Design
Santa Fe University of Art and Design (SFUAD) was a private for-profit art school in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The university was built from the non-profit College of Santa Fe (CSF), a Catholic facility founded as St. Michael's College in 1859, and renamed the College of Santa Fe in 1966. After financial difficulties in 2009, the college closed and the campus was purchased by the City of Santa Fe, the State of New Mexico, and Laureate Education, and reopened with a narrowed focus on film, theater, graphic design, and fine arts. As Santa Fe University of Art and Design it became a secular college of 950 students. The university closed in May 2018 due to significant ongoing financial challenges.
Henry Johnson (Kenosha politician)
Henry Johnson (September 3, 1794 – February 27, 1868) was an American farmer, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was instrumental in the founding of the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society, and served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing eastern Kenosha County.  Earlier in his life, he was a member of the New York State Legislature.

4th Wisconsin Legislature
The Fourth Wisconsin Legislature convened in regular session from January 8, 1851, to March 17, 1851. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and served the first year of a two-year term.  Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election on November 5, 1850. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 6, 1849.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat Nelson Dewey, of Grant County, serving the second year of his second two-year term, having won re-election in the 1849 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.