hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Citebase
Citebase Search was an experimental, semi-autonomous citation index for free, online research literature created at the University of Southampton as part of the Open Citation Project. It harvested open access e-prints (most author self-archived) from OAI-PMH compliant archives, parses and links their references and indexes the metadata in a Xapian-based search engine. Citebase went live in 2005 and ceased operation in 2013.

More than three-quarters of the papers indexed were author self-archived in the ArXiv archive, which includes physics, maths and computer science. Some (published) biomedical papers were indexed from BioMed Central and PubMed Central.

Self-archiving
Self-archiving is the act of (the author's) depositing a free copy of an electronic document online in order to provide open access to it. The term usually refers to the self-archiving of peer-reviewed research journal and conference articles, as well as theses and book chapters, deposited in the author's own institutional repository or open archive for the purpose of maximizing its accessibility, usage and citation impact. The term green open access has become common in recent years, distinguishing this approach from gold open access, where the journal itself makes the articles publicly available without charge to the reader.
Fred McNair (gridiron football)
Fred McNair (born December 11, 1968) is an American gridiron football coach and former player. He was most recently the interim head coach for Southern University. He was also the tight ends coach for Southern, a position he held in 2024 & 2025. He was the head football coach at Alcorn State University from 2016 to 2023. McNair played professionally as quarterback with the Toronto Argonauts in the Canadian Football League (CFL), the London Monarchs in the World League of American Football (WLAF), and the Florida Bobcats, Carolina Cobras, and Buffalo Destroyers of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football at Alcorn State. He is the brother of Steve McNair, a former Pro Bowl quarterback in the National Football League (NFL).

Columbus Destroyers
The Columbus Destroyers were an Arena Football League (AFL) team based in Columbus, Ohio, with home games in Nationwide Arena. The team was founded in 1999 as the Buffalo Destroyers, based in Buffalo, New York, and relocated to Columbus in 2004. They folded along with the original incarnation of the AFL following the 2008 season, after a total of ten seasons of play.

On February 7, 2019, the AFL announced that it had placed an expansion team in Columbus and once again play at Nationwide Arena. The league announced on February 22, 2019, that the team as a re-launch of the Destroyers and revealed the new logo and Matthew Sauk as the head coach.

After the 2019 season, the AFL announced that they had suspended local business operations including the Destroyers, but were looking into become a traveling league. A month later, on November 27, 2019, the league announced that they had filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and were ceasing operations.
100th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)
The 100th Mechanized Brigade (Ukrainian: 100 окрема механізована бригада, romanized: 100 okrema mekhanizovana bryhada), formerly the 100th Territorial Defense Brigade, is a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed on 27 June 2018. The brigade was a former Territorial Defense Brigade until being reformed in late March 2024 as a Mechanized Brigade.

Lutsk
Lutsk (Ukrainian: Луцьк, IPA: [lutsʲk] ⓘ; see below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of Lutsk Raion within the oblast. Lutsk has a population of 220,986 (2022 estimate).

A city with almost a thousand years of history, recorded in 1085, Lutsk historically served as an administrative, cultural and religious center in Volhynia. The city contains several landmarks in various styles, including Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical, the most known being the medieval Lubart's Castle.
Laura Georges
Laura Stéphanie Georges (born 20 August 1984) is a French retired footballer who is the Secretary General of the French Football Federation.  She last played for German club Bayern Munich of the Bundesliga, and served as the first-choice captain of her club and played primarily as a central defender, but was also used as a defensive midfielder. Georges was also a France women's international having made her senior international debut in September 2001. She represented her nation at seven major international tournaments; the 2003, 2011 and 2015 editions of the FIFA Women's World Cup and the 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2017 editions of the UEFA Women's Championship.

UEFA Women's Championship
The UEFA European Women's Championship, also called the UEFA Women's Euro, is the main competition in women's association football between national teams of the UEFA confederation. It is held every four years, one year after the men's. It was first held in 1984. The reigning champions are England, who won the tournament in 2022 and 2025. The most successful nation in the history of the tournament is Germany, with eight titles.
Durg–Jaipur Weekly Express
The Durg–Jaipur Weekly Express is an Express train belonging to South East Central Railway zone that runs between Durg Junction and Jaipur Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 18213/18214 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Kota Junction railway station
Kota Junction railway station is major railway junction on the West Central railway network of India which serves Kota in Rajasthan. It is the headquarters of Kota railway division of West Central Railway zone.
Marie of Brittany, Viscountess of Rohan
Marie of Brittany (1446–1511) was the younger daughter of Francis I, Duke of Brittany and Isabella of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany, the daughter of King James I of Scotland. She was married to John II, Viscount of Rohan and Count of Porhoët.

Porhoët
The noble Breton family line of Porhoët (French pronunciation: [pɔʁwɛt]) was a French noble family in the middle ages, from around 990 through the 1200's. Notable members included Odo I, Odo II, and Alan I. Alan I would go on to form the Franco-Breton House of Rohan, which survives to the modern day.
Clayton Doley
Clayton Doley is an Australian musician, singer, songwriter, television musical director, arranger, and record producer best known for his Hammond Organ virtuosity. He started his own bands The Hands and Clayton Doley's Organ Donors.

Jade MacRae
Jade Aurora MacRae is an Australian soul singer and the daughter of professional musicians Joy Yates and Dave MacRae. MacRae is best known for her top 40 singles "So Hot Right Now" and "Superstar", both released in 2005. In 2012, following her marriage to Australian hip hop artist Phrase, MacRae continued her musical career under the new moniker of Dune.
Gapik
The gapik (Azerbaijani: qəpik, pronounced [ɡæˈpic]) is a monetary unit of Azerbaijan, equal to 1⁄100 of the Azerbaijani manat. The 2006 redenomination of the manat introduced coins of 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 50 gapiks into circulation.

The 1, 3 and 5 gapik are made of copper-covered steel. The 10 and 20 gapik are of brass-covered steel, and the 50 gapik is bimetallic.

The word gapik (qəpik) is derived from the Russian word kopeck (копе́йка, from копьё, "spear"), which was a Russian coin since the time of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century, and is now the monetary subunit of the Russian ruble, Ukrainian hryvnia, Belarusian ruble and the Transnistrian ruble.

Bi-metallic coin
Bi-metallic coins are coins consisting of two (bi-) metals or alloys, generally arranged with an outer ring around a contrasting center. The bi-metal form is typically used to protect against counterfeiting.

Common circulating examples include the European €1 and €2, United Kingdom £1 and £2, Canadian $2, South Africa R5, Egyptian £1, Turkish 1 lira and 50 kurus, Indian ₹10 and ₹20, Indonesian Rp1,000, Polish 2 and 5 zł, Czech 50 Kč, Hungarian 100 and 200 Ft, Bulgarian 1 and 2 lv., Hong Kong $10, Argentine $1 and $2, Brazilian R$1, Chilean $100 and $500, Colombian $500 and $1000, Peruvian S/2 and S/5, Albanian 100 Lekë, Thai 10 baht and all Mexican coins of $1 or higher denomination. For a more complete list, see List of bi-metallic coins.
Osmotic stress technique
The osmotic stress technique is a method for measuring the effect of water on biological molecules, particularly enzymes.  Just as the properties of molecules can depend on the presence of salts, pH, and temperature, they can depend significantly on the amount of water present.  In the osmotic stress technique, flexible neutral polymers such as polyethylene glycol and dextran are added to the solution containing the molecule of interest, replacing a significant part of the water.  The amount of water replaced is characterized by the chemical activity of water.

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Alibayevskoye
Alibayevskoye (Russian: Алибаевское; Bashkir: Әлебай, Älebay) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ufimsky Selsoviet, Khaybullinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 315 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Khaybullinsky District
Khaybullinsky District (Russian: Хайбулли́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Хәйбулла районы, Xäybulla rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic and borders with Zilairsky and Baymaksky Districts in the north, Orenburg Oblast in the east and south, and with Zianchurinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,912 square kilometers (1,510 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Akyar. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 33,398, with the population of Akyar accounting for 20.8% of that number.
Tinker Creek (East Branch Tunkhannock Creek tributary)
Tinker Creek is a tributary of East Branch Tunkhannock Creek in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 4.3 miles (6.9 km) long and flows through Clifford Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of 5.02 square miles (13.0 km2). The creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody and has no named tributaries. It is classified as Class A Wild Trout Waters.

Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
Susquehanna County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,434 Its county seat is Montrose. The county was created on February 21, 1810, from part of Luzerne County and later organized in 1812. It is named for the Susquehanna River. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.
Valaam
Valaam (Russian: Валаам or Валаамский архипелаг; Finnish: Valamo) is an archipelago in the northern portion of Lake Ladoga, lying within the Republic of Karelia, Russia. The total area of its more than 50 islands is 36 km2. The largest island is also called Valaam. Other named islands are: Skitsky (second by size), Lembos, Sviatoy, Bayonny, Moskovsky, Predtechensky, Nikonovsky, Divny, Emelyanov, Oboronny, Goly, Savvaty's, Zosima's, Skalisty, Lukovy, Ovsiany, Rzhanoi, Nikolsky.

It is best known as the site of the 14th century Valaam Monastery on Valaam Island and for its natural environment.

Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia, or simply Karelia or Karjala (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 27 June 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of 25 July 1923, from the Karelian Labour Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again made an autonomous republic and remained part of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem
Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem (72°37′S 31°8′E﻿ / ﻿72.617°S 31.133°E﻿ / -72.617; 31.133) is a mountain, 2,400 metres (8,000 ft) high, just north of Mount Collard in the Belgica Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1957–58, under G. de Gerlache, who named it for Count Charles de Kerchove de Denterghem, a patron of the expedition.

Belgica Mountains
Belgica Mountains is an isolated chain of mountains about 10 miles (16 km) long, standing 60 miles (97 km) east-southeast of the Sor Rondane Mountains in Queen Maud Land, in the Antarctic. The chain was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1957-1958) under Gaston de Gerlache, and named after the ship Belgica, commanded by his father, Lt. Adrien de Gerlache, leader of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–99.
Das Große Bremen-Lexikon
Das Große Bremen-Lexikon is a printed encyclopedia which covers the Freie Hansestadt Bremen, written by Herbert Schwarzwälder about

the region, as Territory of Bremen, as Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (Bremen Archbishopric), as Bremen-Verden and

an encyclopaedia of the Hanseatic city Bremen and the maritime city Bremerhaven..

Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.
Mick Haughney
Mick Haughney was a Gaelic footballer from County Laois.

Nicknamed "Cutchie", Haughney was a native of the Carlow border town of Graiguecullen.

He played at corner forward when Laois won Leinster titles in 1936, 1937 and 1938, but captained the O’Moore County side from midfield to Leinster Senior Football Championship glory against Kildare in 1946.

Laois did not win the Leinster Senior Football Championship again until 2003 when Mick O'Dwyer led them to victory.

Haughney also won 10 Laois Senior Football Championship medals with Graiguecullen. He emigrated to the US in 1949 and returned to live in Ireland during the mid-1990s.

Haughney died in September 2006, aged 91.

Laois Senior Football Championship
The Laois Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by top-tier Laois GAA clubs. The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1888.

Portarlington won the 2025 title, after defeating Courtwood in the final.
Ccrypt
ccrypt is a utility for the secure encryption and decryption of files and streams. It was designed as a replacement for the standard UNIX crypt utility, which is notorious for using a very weak encryption algorithm.

ccrypt is based on the Rijndael cypher, the same cipher used in the AES standard. However, in the AES standard a 128-bit block size is used, whereas ccrypt uses a 256-bit block size. ccrypt commonly uses the .cpt file extension for encrypted files.

ccrypt does not provide an authenticated encryption scheme and therefore does not protect the integrity of encrypted data.

Stream (computing)
In computer science, a stream is a sequence of potentially unlimited data elements made available over time. A stream can be thought of as items on a conveyor belt being processed one at a time rather than in large batches. Streams are processed differently from batch data.

Normal functions cannot operate on streams as a whole because they have potentially unlimited data. Formally, streams are codata (potentially unlimited), not data (which is finite).

Functions that operate on a stream producing another stream are known as filters and can be connected in pipelines in a manner analogous to function composition. Filters may operate on one item of a stream at a time or may base an item of output on multiple items of input such as a moving average.
Gabriel Lekegian
Gabriel Lekegian (1853 – c. 1920), also known as G. Lékégian, was an ethnic Armenian painter and photographer, active in Constantinople and Cairo from the 1880s to the 1920s. Little is known about his life, but he left an important body of work under the name of his studio ‘Photographie Artistique G. Lekegian & Cie’. With a large number of now historical photographs of Ottoman Egypt, he documented the country at the turn of the 19th century. Among other collections, his photographs are held in the New York Public Library and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

Felice Beato
Felice Beato (c. 1832 – 29 January 1909), also known as Felix Beato, was an Italian–British photographer. He was one of the first people to take photographs in East Asia and one of the first war photographers as well as a pioneer of travel photography. He is noted for his genre works, portraits, and views and panoramas of the architecture and landscapes of Asia and the Mediterranean region. Beato's travels gave him opportunities to create images of countries, people, and events unfamiliar and remote to most people in Europe and North America. His works provide images of such events as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Second Opium War, and represent the first substantial body of photojournalism. He influenced other photographers; and his impact in Japan, where he taught and worked with numerous other photographers and artists, was particularly deep and lasting.
Monolith (2016 film)
Monolith is a 2016 thriller film directed by Ivan Silvestrini starring Katrina Bowden, Damon Dayoub and Brandon Jones.

The film was conceived by cartoonist Roberto Recchioni, who began a version of the film in the form of a graphic novel for Sergio Bonelli Editore, written together with Mauro Uzzeo and drawn and colored by Lorenzo Ceccotti, incorporating the film’s
costume designs by Anina Pinter. The graphic novel was released in two volumes in January and May 2017, before the film's release.

Brandon Jones (actor)
Brandon William Jones (born May 7, 1988) is an American actor, musician, model, and producer. He is best known for his role as Liam in Lie to Me, Andrew Campbell in Pretty Little Liars, Liam Olmstead in The Fosters, and Charlie Russell in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.
Angela Rypien
Angela Sue Rypien (born October 22, 1990) is a stylist and former American football quarterback. She played for the Seattle Mist and the Baltimore Charm of the Legends Football League (LFL). Rypien is one of the daughters of quarterback Mark Rypien, the only Canadian chosen as Super Bowl MVP when his team, the Washington Redskins, won Super Bowl XXVI. Former Boise State quarterback Brett Rypien is Angela's cousin.

X League (women's football)
The Extreme Football League (X League) is a women's semi-professional indoor American football league operating in the United States. The league was originally founded in 2009 as the Lingerie Football League (LFL), and later rebranded as the Legends Football League in 2013.

They didn't play in 2020 or 2021, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It returned in 2022, concluding with the restructured league's inaugural championship, the X Cup, won by the Chicago Blitz.

Since 2021, the league is owned by Mike Ditka, a former National Football League (NFL) player and an inductee of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Samantha Gordon was also named an owner in May 2022.

They didn't play from 2023-2025, but are scheduled to return in 2026, as a hybrid format of tackle and flag football.
Hostivice Ponds
The Hostivice Ponds (Czech: Hostivické rybníky) are a nature monument in Hostivice in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. The nature monument consists of a system of three ponds (litovický, Kalý and Břevský), supplied by the Litovický Stream, and their nearest surroundings.

This small-scale protected area was established on 14 October 1996 by the District Office of Western Prague with the aim of the conservation of natural communities of the pond system. In the adjacent wetlands and forests rare and endangered species of plants and animals can be found. During the reign of Rudolf II the fishponds in the area served as a source of water for Prague Castle.

Central Bohemian Region
The Central Bohemian Region (Czech: Středočeský kraj [ˈstr̝̊ɛdotʃɛskiː ˈkraj]; German: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).
2006 FIBA Africa Under-18 Championship for Women
The 2006 FIBA Africa Under-18 Championship for Women was the 8th FIBA Africa Under-18 Championship for Women, played under the rules of FIBA, the world governing body for basketball, and the FIBA Africa thereof. The tournament was hosted by Benin from 8 to 16 September 2006.

Mali defeated Ivory Coast 77-66 in the final to win their third title  with both winner and runner-up qualifying for the 2007 FIBA U19 Women's World Cup.

Mali women's national under-19 basketball team
The Mali women's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team is a national basketball team of Mali, administered by the Fédération Malienne de Basketball. It represents the country in international under-18 and under-19 women's basketball competitions.
Bogdanovka, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast
Bogdanovka (Russian: Богдановка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Bolshezhirovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  21 (2010 Census); 33 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.