hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Buckle
Robert Bentley Buckle (6 January 1802 – 16 September 1893) was the Archdeacon of Dorset from 1836 to 1862.

Buckle was born on 6 January 1802, the fourth son of Edward Buckle of Sowerby, Yorkshire. He was educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, graduating BA as 4th Wrangler in 1824. He was elected a Fellow of St John's in 1826. He was the Rector of Moreton, Dorset until 1836; and then of Upwey in the same county. He was also a Prebendary of Salisbury Cathedral.

Wrangler (University of Cambridge)
At the University of Cambridge in England, a "Wrangler" is a student who gains first-class honours in the Mathematical Tripos competition. The highest-scoring student is the Senior Wrangler, the second highest is the Second Wrangler, and so on. By contrast, the person who achieves the lowest exam marks while still earning a third-class honours degree (that is, while still earning an honours degree at all) is known as the wooden spoon.
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup Group C
Group C was one of eight groups of the preliminary round of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup. It took place from 31 August to 4 September 2019, and consisted of Iran, Puerto Rico, Spain, and Tunisia. Each team played each other once, for a total of three games per team, with all games played at Guangzhou Gymnasium, Guangzhou. After all of the games were played, the top two teams with the best records qualified for the Second round and the bottom two teams played in the Classification Round.

Spain men's national basketball team
The Spain men's national basketball team (Spanish: Selección Española de Baloncesto) represents Spain in international basketball competitions. They are managed by the Spanish Basketball Federation, the governing body for basketball in Spain.

Spain has appeared 33 times at the EuroBasket, winning four gold medals, six silver medals, and four bronze medals. They have also competed at the Summer Olympics 14 times, with three silver medals and one bronze medal as their accomplishments. They have qualified for the FIBA World Cup 13 times, winning it twice, in 2006 and 2019.

Spain is currently ranked seventh in the FIBA World Ranking.
National Guard (El Salvador)
The National Guard (Spanish: Guardia Nacional) was the national gendarmerie of El Salvador.

The National Guard of El Salvador was founded in 1912 by President Dr. Manuel Enrique Araujo as a branch of the Salvadoran Army for policing rural areas. The National Guard was reorganized into a separate civilian force based on the Spanish Civil Guard, and served with distinction during the Football War. The National Guard developed a reputation for police brutality and human rights abuses in El Salvador, and was disbanded on 16 January 1992 as part of the Chapultepec Peace Accords to end the Salvadoran Civil War.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Wag Islands
The Wag Islands are an uninhabited Canadian arctic islands group in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. They are irregularly shaped and are located at the mouth of Chesterfield Inlet. The Inuit hamlet of Chesterfield Inlet is located 6.3 km (3.9 mi) to the south.

Kivalliq Region
The Kivalliq Region (/kɪˈvælɪk/; Inuktitut syllabics: ᑭᕙᓪᓕᖅ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. It consists of the portion of the mainland to the west of Hudson Bay together with Southampton Island and Coats Island. The regional centre is Rankin Inlet. The population was 11,045 in the 2021 Canadian census, an increase of 6.1% from the 2016 census.

Before 1999, the Kivalliq Region existed under slightly different boundaries as Keewatin Region, Northwest Territories. Although the Kivalliq name became official in 1999, Statistics Canada continued to refer to the area as the Keewatin Region in publications such as the Census until 2021. Most references to the area as "Keewatin" have generally been phased out by Nunavut-based bodies, as that name was originally rooted in a region of northwestern Ontario derived from a Cree dialect, and only saw application onto Inuit-inhabited lands because of the boundaries of the now-defunct District of Keewatin.
Noba
Noba is a term found in a number of historical sources discussing ancient and Medieval Nubia. Its exact meaning is uncertain, with ancient sources themselves seeming confused about the region south of Egypt. Most likely it refers to two separate groups: the Nuba, a people from southeast of Nubia, and a people later known as the Nobatae (Nubians), a group of unknown origin who invaded Nubia during the decline of Meroe, conquered the Kingdom of Kush, most likely founded the kingdoms of Nobatia and Makuria, and gave their name to Nubia itself as well as the Nubian languages. There are mentions of the "black" Noba and the "red " Noba in Axumite sources threatening the Axumite borders which prompts a response by the Axumites to attack Meroe.

Nubian languages
The Nubian languages are a language family spoken by Nubians in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. They are now concentrated mainly along the Nile and in several non-contiguous areas in Sudan, including parts of the Nuba Mountains and Darfur. Arabic–Nubian bilingualism is widespread, and language shift toward Arabic has been documented in a number of communities.

Nubian should not be confused with the various Nuba languages spoken in villages throughout the Nuba Mountains and parts of Darfur.

Reference works differ on Nubian's affiliation above the family level. Older classifications often placed Nubian within Nilo-Saharan (commonly under Eastern Sudanic). Glottolog treats Nubian as a primary family and notes that a conclusive external subgrouping has not been demonstrated.
National Archaeological Museum of Paestum
The National Archaeological Museum of Paestum (Italian: Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Paestum) is a museum in Capaccio-Paestum, Salerno, southern Italy that houses archaeological finds from excavations of the ancient Greek city of Poseidonia/Paistom, then Paestum.
The museum is one of the major "on-site" museums in Italy. The different sections that compose it allow the visitor to retrace the history of the Greek, Lucanian and Roman city.

The museum houses numerous archaeological finds originating from the sacred city of Paestum, the Heraion at Foce del Sele, and nearby necropoleis, including the Gaudo necropolis and the Santa Venera necropolis.

Since 2015, following the Prime Ministerial Decree 171/2014, the museum became a state museum with special autonomy.
In 2017, the Paestum excavations and museum were the fifteenth most visited Italian state site, with 441,037 visitors.

Gaudo culture
The Gaudo Culture is an Eneolithic culture from Southern Italy, primarily in the region of Campania, active at the end of the 4th millennium BC, whose typesite necropolis is located near Paestum, not far from the mouth of the river Sele. Its name comes from the Spina-Gaudo necropolis.

Objects of this culture are known and have been recovered since Antiquity. During the 5th century BC and/or the 4th century BC, for example, Greek settlers deposited daggers made of flint probably from graves in an ancient sanctuary at the site of Paestum. In the 18th century, objects were also recovered by scholars. For example, a flint dagger and a vase were brought from Italy to England by William Hamilton and are now in the British Museum.
Takeda Nobuhiro
Takeda Nobuhiro (武田 信広), also known as Kakizaki Nobuhiro (蠣崎 信廣) (1431 – 1494) was the ancestor of the Matsumae clan, and is celebrated for his role in suppressing the 1457 Ainu revolt of Koshamain. The adopted son of Takeda Nobukata, shugo (Governor) of Wakasa Province, he was later re-adopted by Kakizaki Sueshige. Some sources say he was originally of the Minabe clan.

Wakasa Province
Wakasa Province (若狭国, Wakasa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [waꜜ.ka.sa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area that is today the southwestern portion of Fukui Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Wakasa bordered on Echizen, Ōmi, Tanba, Tango, and Yamashiro Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abbreviated form name was Jakushū (若州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Wakasa was ranked as a "medium country" (中国) and a near country (近国) in terms of its importance and distance from the capital.
Antonio de Luca (artist)
Antonio de Luca (born August 24, 1975) is a Canadian creative director and photobook designer based in New York. He is an assistant editor and visual columnist at The New York Times.

In 2010 de Luca partnered with Bruno Ceschel's organisation Self Publish, Be Happy as art director to design, promote and publish self-published photobooks. In 2013 he became the art director and designer of Five Dials a digital literary magazine published in London by Hamish Hamilton.

As art director for Self Publish, Be Happy de Luca was awarded Best Photography Books of 2012 by The Guardian, The Best Books of 2012 by Photo-Eye and Time's Best of 2012: The Photobooks We Loved. He has also curated Follow Me for Either/And commissioned by The National Media Museum London, on humankind's desire to follow.

De Luca is the founder and curator of an international illustration exhibition called The 100 $HOW™.

Hamish Hamilton
Hamish Hamilton Limited is a publishing imprint and originally a British publishing house, founded in 1931 eponymously by the half-Scot half-American Jamie Hamilton (Hamish is the vocative form of the Gaelic Seumas [meaning James], James the English form – which was also his given name, and Jamie the diminutive form). Jamie Hamilton was often referred to as Hamish Hamilton.

The Hamish Hamilton imprint is now part of the Penguin Random House group.
Helen Corinne Bergen
Helen Corinne Bergen (October 14, 1868 – ?) was an American author and journalist, as well as a musical and dramatic critic. She made elocution one of her principal studies, and appeared at several private concerts as Parthenia in Ingomar, the Barbarian. Her poems appeared in several prominent papers, and received favorable mention from the press and public. Bergen was well-known to the press in Washington, D.C., New York City, and at Lansing, Michigan. She believed in equal pay for equal work by men and women.

Equal pay for equal work
Equal pay for equal work is the concept of labour rights that individuals in the same workplace be given equal pay. It is most commonly used in the context of sexual discrimination, in relation to the gender pay gap. Equal pay relates to the full range of payments and benefits, including basic pay, non-salary payments, bonuses and allowances. Some countries have moved faster than others in addressing equal pay.
Personal Reflections
Personal Reflections is the eleventh studio album by Freddie Jackson. It was released by Artemis Records on November 1, 2005 in the United States. A covers project, it comprises renditions of original songs by Paul Davis, Captain & Tennille, and others.

Paul Davis (singer)
Paul Lavon Davis (April 21, 1948 – April 22, 2008) was an American singer and songwriter, best known for his radio hits and solo career that started worldwide in 1970. His career encompassed soul, country, and pop. His most successful songs are 1977's "I Go Crazy", a No. 7 pop hit that once held the record for the longest chart run on the Billboard Hot 100, and 1982's "'65 Love Affair", which at No. 6 is his highest-charting single. Another pop hit, "Cool Night", was released in 1981. In the mid-1980s, he also had two No. 1 country hits as a guest vocalist on songs by Marie Osmond and Tanya Tucker.
Rockovnik
Rockovnik (trans. Chrocknicle) is a forty-episode documentary aired on Radio Television of Serbia in 2011, written by Sandra Rančić and Dušan Vesić and directed by Vesić. The series focuses on the history of former Yugoslav rock scene from its beginnings in the late 1950s until the year 2000. The name of the show is a bilingual pun based on the words "rock" and "rokovnik" (Serbian for planner).

Grupa 220
Grupa 220 was a Yugoslav rock band from Zagreb founded in 1966. It was formed through merging previous instrumental rock groups Ehos and Jutarnje zvijezde. They are notable for publishing the first authored works in the local field of rock n' roll and the first hit in the genre, which made them popular across the country. They were one of the pioneers of Yugoslav rock music. They published their first EPs in 1967, "Osmijeh" and "Kad bih bio Petar Pan", with their first full album "Naši dani" releasing in 1968.
Beurling algebra
In mathematics, the term Beurling algebra is used for various different algebras introduced by Arne Beurling (1949). Usually it is an algebra of periodic functions with Fourier series

Example
We may consider the algebra of those functions f where the majorants

of the  Fourier coefficients an are summable.  In other words

Example
We may consider a weight function w on  such that

in which case 
is a unitary commutative Banach algebra.

These algebras are closely related to the Wiener algebra.

Upper and lower bounds
In mathematics, particularly in order theory, an upper bound or majorant of a subset S of some preordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K that is greater than or equal to every element of S.
Dually, a lower bound or minorant of S is defined to be an element of K that is less than or equal to every element of S. 
A set with an upper (respectively, lower) bound is said to be bounded from above or majorized (respectively bounded from below or minorized) by that bound. 
The terms bounded above (bounded below) are also used in the mathematical literature for sets that have upper (respectively lower) bounds.
Grayson Moore
Grayson Moore is a Canadian screenwriter and filmmaker, most noted as the writer and co-director of the 2017 film Cardinals.

Although Moore wrote the film on his own, he co-directed it with Aidan Shipley. Moore won the award for Best Screenplay in a Borsos Competition film at the 2017 Whistler Film Festival. He previously won the award for Best Canadian ShortWork at Whistler in 2014, for his short film, Running Season.

Moore, Shipley, Connor Illsley, and Jon Riera won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Direction in a Web Program or Series at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019, for the short film Deerbrook.

Moore is a native of Kitchener, Ontario, and a graduate of the film studies program at Ryerson University.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Rigoberta Bandini
Rigoberta Bandini is a Spanish musical act as well as the stage name of its frontwoman, singer-songwriter Paula Ribó. Other members of the band are Ribó's partner, Esteban Navarro, and cousins, Joan Barenys and Belén Barenys (Memé), who variously provide instrumentation and vocals. Ribó and Memé sing; Barenys is a multi-instrumentalist; and Navarro plays keyboard and produces with Ribó. The act has won two Premios Odeón and a Goya, among other accolades.

Goya Awards
The Goya Awards (Spanish: Premios Goya) are Spain's main national annual film awards. They are presented by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

The first ceremony was held in 1987, a year after the founding of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences, at the Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid. They have since been also held in other Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Málaga, Valencia, Valladolid, and Granada).
Falcitornoceratinae
Falcitornoceratinae is one of three subfamilies of the Tornoceratidae family, a member of the Goniatitida order.  Shells produced are extremely involute and have no umbilicus.  Young and intermediate whorls have ventrolateral grooves.  The adventitious lobe, which develops ontogenetically between the external, or ventral, and lateral lobes, is widely rounded. Tornoceratids in which the Falcitornoceratinae are included are involute, subdiscoidal, with sutures that form 6 to 10 lobes.

Goniatite
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later.
John Cutting Berry
John Cutting Berry (January 16, 1847 – February 9, 1936) was an American physician and missionary. He was dispatched by the American Board to Japan, where he practiced medicine in places including Kobe, Kyoto, and Okayama. In 1911 he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class.

Okayama
Okayama (岡山市, Okayama-shi; Japanese: [okaꜜjama]) is the capital city of Okayama Prefecture in the Chūgoku region of Japan. The Okayama metropolitan area, centered around the city, has the largest urban employment zone in the Chugoku region of western Japan. The city was founded on June 1, 1889. As of February 2023, the city has an estimated population of 700,940 and a population density of 890 people per km2. The total area is 789.95 square kilometres (305.00 square miles).

The city is the site of Kōraku-en, known as one of the top three traditional gardens in Japan, and Okayama Castle, which is ranked among the best 100 Japanese castles. The city is famous as the setting of the Japanese fable Momotarō. Okayama joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
William Kennedy (priest)
William GeorgeKennedy was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the late 19th century and the first part of the 20th.

Kennedy was educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was ordained deacon and priest in 1869. He began his career with a curacy at Killymard. He held incumbencies at Lough Eske, Laghy and Raymochy. He was appointed private chaplain to the bishop of Derry in 1916 and dean of Raphoe in 1917. He was rural dean of Raphoe from 1877 to 1905; an Honorary Canon at Raphoe Cathedral from 1898 to 1905; and dean of Raphoe from 1905 until 1917.

Raphoe
Raphoe (/rəˈfoʊ/ rə-FOH; Irish: Ráth Bhoth) is a small town in County Donegal in the north-west of Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. It is the main town in the fertile district of East Donegal known as the Laggan. It gave its name to the Barony of Raphoe, which was later divided into the baronies of Raphoe North and Raphoe South, as well as to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Raphoe and the Church of Ireland (Anglican) Diocese of Derry and Raphoe. There is also a civil parish of Raphoe.

The Burn Dale (also known in English as the Burn Deele) is a burn (a small river) that flows a short distance to the south of Raphoe. The Burn Dale eventually flows, via the village of Ballindrait, into the River Foyle just north of Lifford.
HNLMS Colombia (1930)
HNLMS Colombia was originally an ocean liner, registered as MS Colombia. She was the flagship of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij. She would be commandeered and militarized by the Royal Netherlands Navy on 8 November 1940.

Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij
The Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij (KNSM) (Royal Netherlands Steamship Company) was an Amsterdam-based shipping company that existed from 1856 to 1981. It was once the largest company in Amsterdam and one of the top five shipping lines in the Netherlands. The company operated mid-sized cargo ships that had limited passenger accommodations. At its peak in 1939, the company had 79 vessels. Of these, 48 were lost during World War II.
N-Methyl-L-glutamic acid
N-Methyl-l-glutamic acid (methylglutamate) is a chemical derivative of glutamic acid in which a methyl group has been added to the amino group.  It is an intermediate in methane metabolism.  Biosynthetically, it is produced from methylamine and glutamic acid by the enzyme methylamine—glutamate N-methyltransferase.  It can also be demethylated by methylglutamate dehydrogenase to regenerate glutamic acid.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Somali invasion of Ogaden
The Somali invasion of Ogaden took place in July 1977, when Somalia attacked Ethiopia in two formations. The main force had the aim of seizing Jijiga, Harar and Dire Dawa while a secondary force assaulted Dolo, Gode and Imi.
The Somali National Army (SNA) committed to invade the Ogaden on 12 July 1977, according to Ethiopian Ministry of National Defense documents (some other sources state 13 July or 23 July).

Somali Democratic Republic
The Somali Democratic Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الديمقراطية; Italian: Repubblica Democratica Somala) was a communist state in Somalia, one of only two in the Arab world (together with South Yemen), that existed from 1969 to 1991.

Established in October 1969, the Somali Democratic Republic emerged following a coup d'état led by Major General Siad Barre and the Somali military. The coup took place six days after the assassination of Abdirashid Shermarke, the second President of the Somali Republic. Barre's administration and the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party governed Somalia for the next 21 years until the rise of Ethiopian-backed Somali rebel groups, which ultimately led to the government's collapse and the onset of civil war in 1991.
Arconsat
Arconsat (French pronunciation: [aʁkɔ̃sa]; Arpitan: Àrkònsà; Occitan: Riconçac) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. It also qualifies itself as "World home of the Saucisse de choux d'Arconsat".

Puy-de-Dôme
Puy-de-Dôme (French: [pɥi də dom] ⓘ; Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the centre of France. In 2021, it had a population of 662,285. Its prefecture is Clermont-Ferrand and subprefectures are Ambert, Issoire, Riom, and Thiers.

Named after the Puy de Dôme dormant volcano, its inhabitants were called Puydedomois in French until 2005. With effect from 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois; this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.