hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heiligenbeil Pocket
The Heiligenbeil Pocket or Heiligenbeil Cauldron (German: Kessel von Heiligenbeil) was the site of a major encirclement battle on the Eastern Front during the closing weeks of World War II, in which the Wehrmacht's 4th Army was almost entirely destroyed during the Soviet Braunsberg Offensive Operation (13–22 March 1945). The pocket was located near Heiligenbeil in East Prussia in eastern Germany (now Mamonovo, Kaliningrad Oblast), and the battle, part of a broader Soviet offensive into the region of East Prussia, lasted from 26 January until 29 March 1945.

Salient (military)
A salient, also known as a bulge, is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory. The salient is surrounded by the enemy on multiple sides, making the troops occupying the salient vulnerable. The opponent's front line that borders a salient is referred to as a re-entrant – that is, an angle pointing inwards. A deep salient is vulnerable to being "pinched off" through the base, and this will result in a pocket in which the forces in the salient become isolated and without a supply line. On the other hand, a breakout of the forces within the salient through its tip can threaten the rear areas of the opposing forces outside it, leaving them open to an attack from behind.
Santaan
Santaan (transl. Progeny) is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Dasari Narayana Rao. The film stars Jeetendra, Moushumi Chatterjee, Deepak Tijori, Neelam, with music composed by Anand–Milind. The film is remake of the Telugu film Surigaadu (1992), made by the same banner and director.

Anand–Milind
Anand–Milind is an Indian music composer duo consisting of brothers Anand Srivastava and Milind Srivastava. Born to composer Chitragupt, they have composed music for over 200 Bollywood films. The brothers debuted in 1984 with Ab Ayega Mazaa and had their major breakthrough with Qayamat se Qayamat Tak in 1988.
OutWeek
OutWeek was a gay and lesbian weekly news magazine published in New York City from 1989 to 1991. During its two-year existence, OutWeek was widely considered the leading voice of AIDS activism and the initiator of a cool new sensibility in lesbian and gay journalism.

Out (magazine)
Out is an American LGBTQ news, fashion, entertainment, and lifestyle magazine, with the highest circulation of any LGBTQ monthly publication in the United States. Out was owned by Robert Hardman of Boston, its original investor, until 2000. It then changed hands among LPI Media, PlanetOut Inc., Here Media, and Pride Media. In June 2022, Pride Media was acquired by Equal Entertainment LLC, taking on the name Equal Pride.

Out is known for the Out100, its annual list of the most "impactful and influential LGBTQ+ people".
Deutsche Rundschau
Deutsche Rundschau was a literary and political periodical established in 1874 by Julius Rodenberg. It strongly influenced German politics, literature and culture and was considered one of the most successful launches of periodicals in Germany. Among its authors were Theodor Fontane (Effi Briest), Paul Heyse, Theodor Storm (The Dykemaster), Gottfried Keller and Ernst Robert Curtius. Richard Moritz Meyer, a German literature historian, described Deutsche Rundschau as the printed university. It was circulated, with interruptions during the Nazi era, until 1964.

Culture of Germany
The culture of Germany has been shaped by its central position in Europe and a history spanning over a millennium. Characterized by significant contributions to art, music, philosophy, religion, science, and technology, German culture is both diverse and influential. Historically, Germany was not a unified nation for long periods, leading to a wide variety of regional customs and traditions. From the medieval Holy Roman Empire to the modern Federal Republic, German culture has absorbed influences from across the continent and beyond. Key aspects include a strong emphasis on education and craftsmanship, a long literary tradition featuring figures like Goethe and Schiller, a musical heritage from Bach to Beethoven, and a philosophical legacy including Kant and Marx. Germany is also known for its numerous festivals, regional cuisines, and a commitment to preserving its historical heritage while embracing contemporary trends in art, architecture, and popular culture.
1962–63 Ranji Trophy
The 1962–63 Ranji Trophy was the 29th season of the Ranji Trophy. Bombay won the title defeating Rajasthan in the final. The tournament was severely impacted by the Chinese Aggression of 1962. Services and Railways pulled out of the tournament after playing one game each. Being so close to the action Assam and Odisha had to pull out of the tournament. When the ceasefire was ordered, the invaders were only a few kilometres away from Tezpur, which was the headquarters of Assam cricket. Bihar played one match and then closed their season as most of their players were employed in firms and factories which were pressed into defence production.

Assam cricket team
The Assam cricket team is a domestic cricket team represents the Indian state of Assam, run by the Assam Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class tournament Ranji Trophy, limited-overs tournament Vijay Hazare Trophy and the Twenty20, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
Alvai
Alvai or Alvaay (Tamil: அல்வாய் Alvāy) is a coastal village in Vadamaraadchi, northern Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka. It is located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the city of Jaffna or 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) from the town of Point Pedro.

Panai Munai (Point Palmyra), the northernmost point of Sri Lanka, is in Alvai.

Jaffna Peninsula
The Jaffna Peninsula (Tamil: யாழ்ப்பாணக் குடாநாடு, romanized: Yāḻppāṇa kuṭānāṭu, or Tamil: யாழ் குடாநாடு, romanized: Yāḻ kuṭānāṭu) is a region in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It is home to the capital city of the province, Jaffna, and comprises much of the former land mass of the medieval Jaffna Kingdom.

The peninsula was historically divided into the three regions of Vadamarachchi, Thenmarachchi and Valikamam, which today make up three regions of the Jaffna District.
Muzon
Muzon is the name of several barangays in Luzon, the Philippines.

Muzon, Malabon

Muzon, Naic, Cavite

Muzon, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan

Muzon, San Juan, Batangas

Muzon, San Luis, Batangas

Muzon, Taytay, Rizal

Muzon I, Rosario, Cavite

Muzon II, Rosario, Cavite

Muzon Primero, Alitagtag, Batangas

Muzon Segundo, Alitagtag, Batangas

Naic
Naic ([ˈnaʔɪk]), officially the Municipality of Naic (Tagalog: Bayan ng Naic),  is a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 236,978 people.
Mike Gibbons (rugby union)
Eric de Courcy "Mike" Gibbons (20 October 1913 — 20 August 1962) was an Australian rugby union international.

Born in Sydney, Gibbons was a product of St. Leonard's Grammar School.

Gibbons, a 165 cm scrum-half, won a first-grade premiership with Northern Suburbs in 1933, scoring a decisive try in the grand final. He featured in another premiership in 1935 and made his NSW representative debut that year against Queensland. In 1936, Gibbons was called up by the Wallabies for the tour of New Zealand, playing in all three Tests, two against the All Blacks and one against NZ Maori. He was recalled after three years to vice captain the Wallabies on the 1939–40 tour of Britain, but the trip had to be abandoned two days after they arrived, with war declared on Germany.

Northern Suburbs Rugby Club
Northern Suburbs Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based on Sydney's Lower North Shore, that was formed in 1900 from the merger of the Pirates and Wallaroos clubs. The club competes in the Shute Shield competition run by the New South Wales Rugby Union.
The club has produced 42 Wallaby representatives. The club's home ground is the historic North Sydney Oval on the North Shore of Sydney. The ground has been a venue for both codes of rugby and for cricket over more than a century.
Bedfordia arborescens
Bedfordia arborescens, known as the blanket leaf, is a shrub or small tree of southeastern Australia. It occurs in or around temperate rainforests in areas of high altitude. The natural range of distribution on the mainland is from the Otway Ranges and Wilsons Promontory (39° S) in the far southeast of the Australian continent to Monga National Park (35° S) near Braidwood, New South Wales. There is also an isolated occurrence in Tasmania on Cape Barren Island. Other common names are blanket bush, flannel leaf and tree blanketleaf.

Cape Barren Island
Cape Barren Island, officially truwana / Cape Barren Island, is a 478-square-kilometre (185 sq mi) island in Bass Strait, off the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia. It is the second-largest island of the Furneaux Group, with the larger Flinders Island to the north, and the smaller Clarke Island to the south. The highest point on the island is Mount Munro at 715 metres (2,346 ft). The name of the island derives from the cape on the south-eastern point of the island, which was named "Cape Barren"  by Tobias Furneaux in March 1773. Australia's only native goose, the Cape Barren goose, was first documented by European explorers on the island. The number of permanent residents is variously estimated around 65-80 (2021/2025), most of whom live in a settlement called "The Corner".
Orienting Labour Party
The Orienting Labour Party (Portuguese: Partido Orientador Trabalhista, POT) was a political party in Brazil. It supported Cristiano Machado to the presidency of Brazil in the 1950 general elections. Owing to unimpressive results, its registration was revoked by the Superior Electoral Court in 1951.

Superior Electoral Court
The Superior Electoral Court (Brazilian Portuguese: Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, TSE) is the highest body of the Brazilian Electoral Justice, which also comprises one Regional Electoral Court (Brazilian Portuguese: Tribunal Regional Eleitoral, TRE) in each of the 26 states and the Federal District of the country, as determined by the Article 118 of the Constitution of Brazil.
Ovinishchi
Ovinishchi (Russian: Овинищи) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Ovinishchi, Pytalovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pytalovsky District, Pskov Oblast

Ovinishchi, Sebezhsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Sebezhsky District, Pskov Oblast

Ovinishchi, Krasnokholmsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Likhachevskoye Rural Settlement of Krasnokholmsky District of Tver Oblast

Ovinishchi, Vesyegonsky District, Tver Oblast, a settlement in Kesemskoye Rural Settlement of Vesyegonsky District of Tver Oblast

Ovinishchi, Vladimir Oblast, a village in Gorokhovetsky District of Vladimir Oblast

Ovinishchi, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Shopshinsky Rural Okrug of Gavrilov-Yamsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Sebezhsky District
Sebezhsky District (Russian: Се́бежский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders Rasony and Verkhnyadzvinsk Districts of Vitebsk Oblast, Belarus to the south; Zilupe, Ludza, and Cibla municipalities of Latvia to the west; Krasnogorodsky and Opochetsky Districts to the north; and Pustoshkinsky and Nevelsky Districts to the east. The area of the district is 3,100 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sebezh.

As of the 2010 Census, the population of Sebezh was 21,674, down from 25,473 in 2002 and 26,926 in 1989. Sebezh accounts for 29.4% of the district's total population.
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Finance and Development
The Deputy Under Secretary / Designated Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Finance is a senior position within the United States Department of the Treasury responsible for advising the Secretary of the Treasury on matters of international finance and economic coordination, and overseeing U.S. participation in international financial institutions. The Assistant Secretary is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

International financial institutions
An international financial institution (IFI) is a financial institution that has been established (or chartered) by more than one country, and hence is subject to international law. Its owners or shareholders are generally national governments, although other international institutions and other organizations occasionally figure as shareholders. The most prominent IFIs are creations of multiple nations, although some bilateral financial institutions (created by two countries) exist and are technically IFIs. The best known IFIs were established after World War II to assist in the reconstruction of Europe and provide mechanisms for international cooperation in managing the global financial system.
Luigi Gnocchi
Luigi Gnocchi (14 January 1933 – 18 October 2014) was an Italian sprinter, that won three gold medals in one single edition of Mediterranean Games. He was born in Gallarate. He was finalist with the national relay team on 4x100 metres relay at the 1956 Summer Olympics (4th place).

Gallarate
Gallarate (Italian: [ɡallaˈraːte]; Lombard: Galaraa) is a city and comune of Alto Milanese of Lombardy and of Milan metropolitan area, northern Italy, in the Province of Varese. It has a population of 52.886 people (Jan 2025)

It is the junction of railways to Varese, Laveno and Arona (for the Simplon). Some 10 kilometres (6 miles) to the west are the electric works of Vizzola, where 23,000 hp are derived from the river Ticino. Its territory is crossed by the river Arnetta and belongs to the Ticino Natural Park.

The city had a strong textile industry in the first part of the 19th century.

In common with other nearby cities, such as Casorate Sempione and Samarate, its name comes from Latin.
1971 Austrian legislative election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Austria on 10 October 1971, following electoral reforms intended to benefit smaller parties. The size of the National Council was increased from 165 to 183 members, and the proportionality of the seat distribution was increased as well.

The Socialist Party, which had governed in minority since 1970, won 93 of the 183 seats, a majority of three. Voter turnout was 92%. It was the first time that the Socialists had won an absolute majority at an election. They also won just over half of the vote, something no Austrian party had previously achieved in a free election. Socialist leader Bruno Kreisky continued as Chancellor.

National Council (Austria)
The National Council (Austrian German: Nationalrat, pronounced [nat͡si̯oˈnaːlˌʁaːt] ⓘ) is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament and is frequently referred to as the lower house. The constitution endows the National Council with far more power than the Federal Council.
David Parton
David Parton (born David Eric Stanley Parton, 1948) was an English singer-songwriter and record producer from Newcastle Under Lyme, Staffordshire, England. He was also known as Des Parton, based on the initials of his first three names.

Newcastle-under-Lyme
Newcastle-under-Lyme is a market town and the administrative centre of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire, England. It is adjacent to the city of Stoke-on-Trent. At the 2021 census, the population was 75,082.

Newcastle grew up in the twelfth century around the castle which gave the town its name, and received its first charter in 1173. The town's early industries included millinery, silk weaving, and coal mining, but despite its proximity to the Potteries it did not develop a ceramics trade.
Kasaba
Kasaba or Kasabaköy is a village in the Kastamonu District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Its population is 84 (2021). It is 17 kilometres outside Kastamonu, Turkey. It had a population of about 23,000 in 1905, when it had considerable local trade, but has since shrunk to only a few dozen households. Kasaba does not contain any ancient sites but does have an old mosque, the Mahmut Bey Camii (Mahmut Bey Mosque), built by a representative of Isfendiyarid dynasty in the second half of the 14th century.

Kastamonu Province
Kastamonu Province (Turkish: Kastamonu ili) is a province of Turkey, in the Black Sea region in the north of the country. It is surrounded by Sinop to the east, Bartın, Karabük to the west, Çankırı to the south, Çorum to the southeast and the Black Sea to the north. Its area is 13,064 km2, and its population is 378,115 (2022). The population density is 29 inhabitants per km2. The provincial capital Kastamonu has a population of 128,707 (2022).
Trysil-Knut
Trysil-Knut is a Norwegian film from 1942. Rasmus Breistein directed this skiing melodrama during the German occupation of Norway. It tells the story of the legendary skier Knut from Trysil, an ardent patriot at the beginning of the 1800s who uses his skiing skills to prevent war from breaking out between Norway and Sweden. Knut also wins back his "princess" and a property that he was cheated out of.

Like many of the Norwegian films from the interwar period or the occupation years, this is an adventure story. Breistein's point of departure for the story was a popular novel by Rudolf Muus from 1914, and he was also inspired by Bernt Lund's poem from 1861 and by Ole Haugen-Flermoe's story from 1909.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Rhyacia lucipeta
Rhyacia lucipeta, the southern rustic, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Morocco, Algeria, the Pyrenees, the mountains of central Europe, Italy, the Balkans, Turkey, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia and Iraq.

The wingspan is 56–64 mm. Adults are on wing from June to the beginning of October in one generation.

The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants, including Cerastium, Thymus pulegioides, Tussilago farfara and Campanula rotundifolia.

Campanula rotundifolia
Campanula rotundifolia, the harebell or common harebell, Scottish bluebell, or bluebell in Scotland, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. This herbaceous perennial is found throughout the north temperate regions of the Old World according to the Plants of the World Online database, or throughout the northern hemisphere in other interpretations (see Taxonomy, below). In Scotland, it is often known simply as bluebell. It is the floral emblem of Sweden where it is known as small bluebell. It produces its violet-blue, bell-shaped flowers in late summer and autumn.

The Latin specific epithet rotundifolia means "round leaved". This refers to the basal leaves; not all leaves are round in shape, with middle and upper stem leaves being linear.: 707
Virchand Gandhi
Virachand Raghavji Gandhi  (25 August 1864 – 7 August 1901) was a Jain scholar who represented Jainism at the first World Parliament of Religions in 1893. A barrister by profession, he worked to defend the rights of Jains, and wrote and lectured extensively on Jainism, other religions, and philosophy.

Palitana
Palitana is a town in the Bhavnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is one of the most significant pilgrimage destinations for followers of Jainism, renowned for the Shatrunjaya hill temples, a sprawling complex of over 900 marble temples considered among the holiest in Jainism.

In 2014, Palitana became the first city in the world to be officially declared vegetarian, prohibiting the sale of meat, fish, and eggs, in alignment with its strong Jain ethical values. Located approximately 50 kilometres southwest of Bhavnagar, the city was historically a princely state during British rule.
Monguor people
The Monguor people (Monguor: Mongghul), also known as Tu people (Chinese: 土族), White Mongol or Tsagaan Mongol, are a Mongolic people and one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China.

According to the 2000 census, the total population was 241,198, who mostly lived in the Qinghai and the Gansu provinces. The 2010 census gave their number as 289,565, while the 2020 census gave their number at 281,928. The Monguor people speak the Monguor language, which belongs to the family of Mongolic languages but has been heavily influenced by both the local Chinese and Tibetan dialects. Today, nearly all Tu people also speak Chinese. Most are farmers and some keep livestock.

Their culture and the social organizations have been influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and local beliefs. A few Tu in Huzhu and Minhe are Christian, the result of on-going American and Korean missionary work in the area.

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
California Historical Society
The California Historical Society (CHS) was the official historical society of California, until it dissolved and transferred its collections to the Stanford University Libraries in an agreement that was announced in January 2025. Founded in 1871 by a group of prominent Californian intellectuals at Santa Clara University, the Society was designated as the California state historical society in 1979. Although the Society was based in San Francisco, it hosted exhibits across California.

Historical society
A historical society is non-profit organization dedicated to collecting, preserving, interpreting, and promoting the history of a particular place, group of people, or topic. They play a crucial role in promoting historical awareness and understanding by providing a platform for research, education, and public engagement.

Historical societies vary in specialization, with focuses ranging from specific geographical areas such as countries, states/provinces or cities/towns, ethnographic such as ethnic and genealogical, and topical such as transportation, event based, or military history.
Arctotraversodon
Arctotraversodon is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Late Triassic of Canada. Fossils first described from the Wolfville Formation in Nova Scotia in 1984 represented the first known traversodontid from North America. The type and only species is A. plemmyridon and is represented by teeth and several dentary bones.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.