hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Borysthenia
Borysthenia is a genus of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails.

The aperture of Borysthenia is not circular. Animals are ovoviviparous.

Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where the head-foot part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc.

The term aperture is used for the main opening in gastropod shells, scaphopod shells, and also for Nautilus and ammonite shells.

The word is not used to describe bivalve shells, where a natural opening between the two shell valves in the closed position is usually called a gape.

Scaphopod shells are tubular, and thus they have two openings: a main anterior aperture and a smaller posterior aperture.

As well as the aperture, some gastropod shells have additional openings in their shells for respiration; this is the case in some Fissurellidae (keyhole limpets) where the central smaller opening at the apex of the shell is called an orifice, and in the Haliotidae (abalone) where the row of respiratory openings in the shell are also called orifices.
2016 Tarlac local elections
The Province of Tarlac held its local elections on Monday, May 9, 2016, as a part of the 2016 Philippine general election.  Voters selected candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice-governor, governor and representatives for the three districts of Tarlac. In the gubernatorial race, Tarlac's incumbent 2nd district Representative Susan Yap, sister of incumbent governor Victor Yap, defeated incumbent Tarlac City Mayor Gelacio Manalang.

In the vice gubernatorial race, incumbent 3rd district Board Member Carlito David narrowly defeated former Vice Governor Pearl Pacada as well as incumbent Paniqui Mayor Miguel Cojuangco-Rivilla.

Ramos, Tarlac
Ramos, officially the Municipality of Ramos (Ilocano: Ili ti Ramos; Pangasinan: Baley na Ramos; Tagalog: Bayan ng Ramos), is a municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 23,808 people.
Gemma Richardson
Gemma Paige Richardson (born 4 August 2001) is an English professional boxer. As an amateur she won gold medals at the 2018 Youth World Championships, and the 2018 and 2019 European Youth Championships along with a silver medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. Richardson missed out on selection for the 2024 Summer Olympics and turned professional in November 2024. She made her pro-debut at De Vere Whites in Bolton on 8 March 2025, defeating Angelika Oles on points in a six-round bout. In her next fight, Richardson scored her first stoppage win in the paid ranks with a fifth round technical knockout success over Tereza Dvorakova at Connexin Live Arena in Hull on 28 June 2025.

2018 AIBA Youth World Boxing Championships
The 2018 AIBA Youth World Boxing Championships were held in Budapest, Hungary, from 21 to 31 August. The competition is under the supervision of the world's governing body for amateur boxing,  AIBA, and is the youth and junior version of the World Amateur Boxing Championships. The competition was open to boxers born in 2000 and 2001. It was the second time in the tournament's history that men and women fought in the same championship.
Drosera microphylla
Drosera microphylla, the golden rainbow, is an erect perennial tuberous species in the carnivorous plant genus Drosera. It is endemic to Western Australia and grows on granite outcrops or in sandy or laterite soils. D. microphylla produces small, circular, peltate carnivorous leaves along erect stems that can be 10–40 cm (4–16 in) high. It blooms from June to September, displaying its large golden sepals and smaller, variably-coloured petals. In populations near Perth, the petals are red, whereas petal colour near Albany tends to be orange. Some plants east of Esperance have white petals.

Granite outcrops of Western Australia
Granite outcrops of Western Australia are weathered landforms that occur throughout the state of Western Australia, composed primarily of the rock type granite. All recognised types of this landform can be observed, commonly as bornhardts, but also as inselbergs, castle koppies and nubbins. Rising abruptly from the surrounding landscape they create a variety of microhabitats for plants, and provide seasonal resources and refuge for a range of animals. These areas thus have rich biodiversity and many endemic species. They are significant locations that tie in with the Aboriginal and European cultural heritage of Western Australia.
Gregory Pikus
Gregory Evgenievich (Ezekielevich) Pikus (May 7, 1923 – April 12, 1998) was a Soviet theoretical physicist whose contributions strongly influenced developing physics of semiconductors. Among his most fundamental contributions are development of the method of invariants in band theory of solids, the Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanism of spin relaxation of electrons, prediction of the circular photogalvanic effect, and theory of weak localization in noncentrosymmetric structures. His three monographs  reflect the focus points of the theory of semiconductors during the second half of the 20th century from transistors to band theory to properties to artificial nanostructures.

Weak localization
Weak localization is a physical effect which occurs in disordered electronic systems at very low temperatures. The effect manifests itself as a positive correction to the resistivity of a metal or semiconductor. The name emphasizes the fact that weak localization is a precursor of Anderson localization, which occurs at strong disorder.
11th Expeditionary Combat Aviation Brigade
The 11th Expeditionary Combat Aviation Brigade is a Combat Aviation Brigade in the United States Army Reserve. The unit's lineage can be traced to the prior lineage and insignia of the 11th Aviation Group which was last headquartered in Illesheim, Germany in 2005.  It is one of two aviation brigades of Army Reserve Aviation Command.  The brigade consists of a headquarters company, two Black Hawk assault battalions, and one fixed wing battalion. The brigade was activated in its current formation on 16 September 2016.  The Army announced in May 2025 that it expects to deactivate the brigade in 2026.

V Corps (United States)
V Corps (/ˈviː kɔːr/), formerly known as the Fifth Corps, is a regular corps of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Knox, Kentucky and Camp Kościuszko, Poland.

It previously served during World War I, World War II, the Cold War, Kosovo War, and the war on terrorism.
James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions
The James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions, often called simply the James Madison Program (abbreviated JMP) or the Madison Program, is a scholarly institute within the Department of Politics at Princeton University espousing a dedication "to exploring enduring questions of American constitutional law and Western political thought." The Madison Program was founded in 2000 and is directed by Robert P. George, the McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University.

While the James Madison Program states it is welcoming of all ideological tendencies, it is widely considered a conservative institute that "exists to further conservative viewpoints on campus." Commentators tend to point to its predominantly conservative donors and fellows, and platforming of "far-right and extremist individuals."

Constitutional law of the United States
The constitutional law of the United States is the body of law governing the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. The subject concerns the scope of power of the United States federal government compared to the individual states and the fundamental rights of individuals. The ultimate authority upon the interpretation of the Constitution and the constitutionality of statutes, state and federal, lies with the Supreme Court of the United States.
John Quincy Lane
John Quincy Lane (February 19, 1831 – July 13, 1903) was an American Union brevet brigadier general during the period of the American Civil War.  He received his appointment as brevet brigadier general dated to March 13, 1865.  Born in Zanesville, Ohio, he was admitted to the Zanesville Bar where he practiced law until the beginning of the Civil War when he was commissioned by Governor Yates to recruit soldiers for the 97th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.  This regiment served with the Army of the Cumberland.  Lane served until the end of the war when he returned to Zanesville.

Zanesville, Ohio
Zanesville is a city in Muskingum County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located at the confluence of the Licking and Muskingum rivers, the city is approximately 52 miles (84 km) east of Columbus and had a population of 24,765 as of the 2020 census, down from 25,487 as of the 2010 census. Historically the state capital of Ohio from 1810 to 1812, Zanesville anchors the Zanesville micropolitan area (population 86,183) and is part of the greater Columbus-Marion-Zanesville combined statistical area.
Pointe du Hoc
La Pointe du Hoc (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t dy ɔk]) is a promontory with a 35-metre (110 ft) cliff overlooking the English Channel on the northwestern coast of Normandy in the Calvados department, France.

In World War II, Pointe du Hoc was the location of a series of German bunkers and machine gun posts. Prior to the invasion of Normandy, the German army fortified the area with concrete casemates and gun pits. On D-Day, the United States Army Provisional Ranger Group attacked and captured Pointe du Hoc after scaling the cliffs. United States generals including Dwight D. Eisenhower had determined that the place housed artillery that could slow down nearby beach attacks.

American Battle Monuments Commission
The American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) is an independent agency of the United States government that administers, operates, and maintains permanent U.S. military cemeteries, memorials and monuments primarily outside the United States.

There were 26 cemeteries and 31 memorials, monuments and markers under the care of the ABMC. There are more than 140,000 U.S. servicemen and servicewomen interred at the cemeteries, and more than 94,000 missing in action, or lost or buried at sea are memorialized on cemetery Walls of the Missing and on three memorials in the United States. The ABMC also maintains an online database of names associated with each site.
Via Salaria
The Via Salaria was an ancient Roman road in Italy.
It eventually ran from Rome (from Porta Salaria of the Aurelian Walls) to Castrum Truentinum (Porto d'Ascoli) on the Adriatic coast, a distance of 242 km. The road also passed through Reate (Rieti) and Asculum (Ascoli Piceno).

Strada statale 4 Via Salaria (SS4) is the modern state highway that maintains the old road's name and runs on the same path from Rome to the Adriatic Sea.

Porto d'Ascoli
42°57′03″N 13°52′33″E﻿ / ﻿42.95083°N 13.87583°E﻿ / 42.95083; 13.87583

Porto d'Ascoli (Ascoli's Harbour) is a modern residential district of San Benedetto del Tronto in the Province of Ascoli Piceno, Marche region.
Indochinese leopard
The Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) is a leopard subspecies native to mainland Southeast Asia and southern China. In Indochina, leopards are rare outside protected areas and threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation as well as poaching for the illegal wildlife trade. In 2016, the population was previously thought to comprise 973–2,503 mature individuals, with only 409–1,051 breeding adults. The historical range had decreased by more than 90%. However, as of 2019, it is estimated that there are 77-766 mature Indochinese leopards and that their numbers are decreasing.

Northern and southern China
Northern China (Chinese: 中国北方 or 中国北部; lit. 'China's North') and southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture.
James Moody (saxophonist)
James Moody (March 26, 1925 – December 9, 2010) was an American jazz saxophone and flute player and very occasional vocalist, playing predominantly in the bebop and hard bop styles. The annual James Moody Jazz Festival is held in Newark, New Jersey.

Moody had an unexpected hit with "Moody's Mood for Love", a 1952 song written by Eddie Jefferson, which used as its melody an improvised solo that Moody had played on a 1949 recording of "I'm in the Mood for Love". Moody adopted the song as his own, recording it with Jefferson on his 1956 album Moody's Mood for Love and performing the song regularly in concert, often singing the vocals himself.

Hard bop
Hard bop is a subgenre of jazz that is an extension of bebop (or "bop") music. Journalists and record companies began using the term in the mid-1950s to describe a new current within jazz that incorporated influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in saxophone and piano playing.

David H. Rosenthal contends in his book Hard Bop that the genre is, to a large degree, the natural creation of a generation of African-American musicians who grew up at a time when bop and rhythm and blues were the dominant forms of black American music.: 24  Prominent hard bop musicians included Horace Silver, Clifford Brown, Charles Mingus, Art Blakey, Cannonball Adderley, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Hank Mobley, Thelonious Monk, Lee Morgan, Wes Montgomery, Pat Martino and others.
Excel Entertainment
Excel Entertainment is an Indian production company, founded by Ritesh Sidhwani and Farhan Akhtar in Mumbai in 1999. They mainly produce Hindi films.

Their debut production, Dil Chahta Hai, received critical acclaim and was a huge rage for the youth at that time. They won National Film Awards for both Dil Chahta Hai and Rock On!!. With productions such as Don, Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, Fukrey, Dil Dhadakne Do, and Raees, they are known for presenting unique characters and a contemporary style of cinema. Gully Boy was also India's official entry to the 92nd Academy Awards.

Excel Entertainment also ventured into distribution and distributed the Hindi dubbed versions of the 2018 Indian Kannada-language period action thriller, K.G.F: Chapter 1, and its sequel, K.G.F: Chapter 2, both starring Yash. They also distributed the 2019 Telugu epic period film, Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy, starring Chiranjeevi.

Mrunal Thakur
Mrunal Thakur (born 1 August 1992) is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Hindi and Telugu films. Thakur is a recipient of several accolades including a Filmfare Award South, a Filmfare OTT Award, three SIIMA Awards and an ITA Award.

Thakur began her acting career in television, starring in the soap operas Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan (2012) and Kumkum Bhagya (2014–2016), which earned her the ITA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Thakur made her Hindi film debut with Love Sonia (2018) and subsequently played the female lead in Super 30 (2019) and Batla House (2019), both of which were box-office successes. After a series of commercial failures, Thakur gained popularity with the successful Telugu romantic dramas Sita Ramam (2022) and Hi Nanna (2023).
Bilal Khan (singer)
Bilal Khan (Urdu: بلال خان, born Bilal Ahmed Khan, 4 October 1986) is a Pakistani musician, actor, and YouTuber. He released his debut album Umeed in 2009. Singles released included "Bachana", "Tou Kia Hua", "Larho Mujhey", "Kabhi Gham Na Aey", and Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu. In 2012, he was nominated for Best Album at the 11th Lux Style Awards for the album "Umeed". Khan holds a BSc (Hons) degree in Politics and Economics from Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) and later studied from Virginia Commonwealth University.

Lux Style Awards
The Lux Style Awards is an award ceremony which has been held annually in Pakistan since 2002. The ceremony celebrates "style" in the Pakistani entertainment industry, such as cinema, television, fashion, and music. Categories have changed over the years, but most are awarded by panels of judges who are experts in the respective industries, with some "people's choice" awards in the film and TV categories.

The ceremonies, which are televised, have usually been held in Karachi, but in some years have taken place in Lahore, Kuala Lumpur and Dubai.
Popcorn (American TV series)
Popcorn is an American children's variety show created by Sandra Peabody, who also served as executive producer and a writer and director for the series. The series stars Julia Markley, Mark Durrow, Kristina Yoshida, and Aaron Cooley as "Popcorn reporters" who conduct interviews and explore topics relevant to children. The series features several celebrity guest stars such as Eric Heiden and Tomie dePaola.

Peabody, who began her career as a child actor, retired from acting and was transitioning to a career as a freelance producer. She wanted to create Popcorn in response to the decline in children's television productions. KATU picked up the series initially as a television special before expanding it to a full fledged series. Popcorn earned several accolades during its run, such as a Primetime Emmy Award, Iris Award and a NAB award.

Iris Award (United States)
The NATPE Iris Awards is an honor for local television programming presented annually in the United States by the National Association of Television Program Executives (NATPE). The awards were first introduced in 1968 and were initially titled the Program Excellence Awards. However, in 1977 the name was changed. The Iris Awards are the only national award meant to honor quality local television programming. From 1968 to 1997, the awards were presented at the annual NATPE Conference and Exhibition. After 1997, the awards were presented at a special ceremony in Los Angeles, California.
NATPE’s Iris Awards were created to recognize executives, program producers, creators, talent, and importantly content that makes a significant impact on the industry and culture.
Cities: Skylines II
Cities: Skylines II is a 2023 city-building game initially developed by Colossal Order, with Iceflake Studios taking over at the start of 2026, and published by Paradox Interactive. The game is a sequel to 2015's Cities: Skylines and expands upon many of its simulation factors such as simulated city and population sizes with improved traffic artificial intelligence and management schemes. It was released for Windows on 24 October 2023. A release for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S was previously planned to be released on the same day, but was later indefinitely delayed. Critical reception praised its gameplay but criticized its harsh performance requirements and other technical flaws.

Artificial intelligence in video games
Artificial intelligence (AI) in video games refers to the computational systems that control non-player characters (NPCs), generate dynamic game behavior, or simulate strategic decision-making. In practice, the term covers a broad range of techniques drawn from computer science, control theory, and robotics rather than “true” artificial intelligence. Moreover, academic AI—aimed at developing autonomous reasoning or learning—is distinct from game AI, whose goal is to deliver engaging, believable, and efficient behavior for players.

In general, game AI does not, as might be thought and sometimes is depicted to be the case, mean a realization of an artificial person corresponding to an NPC in the manner of the Turing test or an artificial general intelligence.
Abra River
The Abra River, also called Lagben River, is the seventh largest river system in the Philippines in terms of watershed size. It has an estimated drainage area of 5,125 square kilometres (1,979 sq mi) and a length of 179 kilometres (111 mi) from its source near Mount Data in Benguet province.

Ilocos Sur
Ilocos Sur (lit. 'South Ilocos'), officially the Province of Ilocos Sur (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Ilocos Sur; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Ilocos Sur), is a province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Located on the mouth of the Mestizo River is the capital of Vigan, while Candon is the most-populous city. Ilocos Sur is bordered by Ilocos Norte and Abra to the north, Mountain Province to the east, La Union and Benguet to the south and the South China Sea to the west.

Ilocos Sur was established in 1818 when the province of Ilocos was split into two: the north (now Ilocos Norte) and the south (Ilocos Sur). At that time, it included parts of Abra and the upper half of present-day La Unión. The current boundaries of the province set in March 1917 by virtue of Act No. 2683.

The province is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, namely, the Heritage City of Vigan and the Santa Maria Basilica Shrine.
Kalagachhia Union
Kalagachhia Union (Bengali: কলাগাছিয়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Bandar Upazila in the district and division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It has a population of 21,580 men and 21,976 women. The union has a literacy rate of 60.5 per cent.

Dhaka Division
Dhaka Division (Bengali: ঢাকা বিভাগ, romanized: Ḍhaka Bibhag) is an administrative division of Bangladesh. Dhaka serves as the capital city of Dhaka Division, the Dhaka District and Bangladesh. The division remains a population magnet, and covers an area of 20,508.8 km2 with a population in excess of 44 million, it is one of the fastest growing populous administrative divisions of the world, growing at a rate of 1.94% since prior count, compared with the national average of 1.22%. However, national figures may include data skewing expatriation of male labor force as gender ratio is skewed towards females.

Dhaka Division borders every other division in the country except Rangpur Division. It is bounded by Mymensingh Division to the north, Barisal Division to the south, Chittagong Division to the east and south-east, Sylhet Division to the north-east, and Rajshahi Division to the west and Khulna Divisions to the south-west.
Ruske kape
Ruske kape (lit. 'Russian caps') are types of cake desserts served in the Balkan countries, especially Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia. It usually comes in a 60-millimetre-wide (2.4 in) round serving and includes coconut around the edge or sometimes crushed walnuts. The top is usually chocolate, drizzled with vanilla. The center includes layers of alternating vanilla, chocolate, and sometimes a mocha flavor.

Walnut
A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus Juglans (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, Juglans regia. They are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an involucre and thus not morphologically part of the carpel; this means it cannot be a drupe but is instead a drupe-like nut.

After full ripening, the shell is discarded, and the kernel is eaten. Nuts of the eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra) and butternuts (Juglans cinerea) are less commonly consumed.
Sari diplomacy
Sari diplomacy is the use of the sari by non-Asian women as a diplomatic uniform.

Cherie Blair was the first British First Lady to dress up in sarees and salwar suits on formal occasions.

Samantha Cameron, was also noted for her appearance at a Diwali event in London in silk saree which was described by Hello Magazine as "splendid".

In 2014, Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif gifted a sari to India's PM Narendra Modi's mother, as a gesture of diplomatic goodwill between India and Pakistan. In June 2014, Sushma Swaraj, India's External Affairs Minister, gifted a South silk sari to Bangladesh's Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who reciprocated with a Jamdani sari.

Diplomatic uniform
Diplomatic uniforms are ornate uniforms worn by diplomats from some countries at public occasions. Introduced by European states around 1800 and patterned on court dress, they were abandoned by most countries in the twentieth century, but diplomats from some countries retain them for rare, formal occasions.