hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louisville Ridge
The Louisville Ridge, often now referred to as the Louisville Seamount Chain, is an underwater chain of over 70 seamounts located in the Southwest portion of the Pacific Ocean. One of the longest seamount chains on Earth, it stretches some 4,300 km (2,700 mi) from the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge northwest to the Tonga-Kermadec Trench, where it subducts under the Indo-Australian Plate as part of the Pacific Plate. The chain's formation is best explained by movement of the Pacific Plate over the Louisville hotspot, although others have suggested that it formed by leakage of magma from the shallow mantle up through the Eltanin fracture zone, which it follows closely for some of its course.

Depth-sounding data first revealed existence consistent with a seamount chain in 1972, although some of the seamounts had been described as a ridge in 1964 linked to the Eltanin fracture zone system, hence the name.

Depth sounding
Depth sounding, often simply called sounding, is measuring the depth of a body of water. Data taken from soundings are used in bathymetry to make maps of the floor of a body of water, such as the seabed topography.

Soundings were traditionally shown on nautical charts in fathoms and feet.  The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the agency responsible for bathymetric data in the United States, still uses fathoms and feet on nautical charts. In other countries, the International System of Units (metres) has become the standard for measuring depth.
Hoting
Hoting is a locality situated in Tåsjö parish, Strömsund Municipality, Jämtland County, Sweden with 667 inhabitants in 2010. Hoting was mentioned in documents regarding Sweden/Norway border rulings in 1273.

Jämtland County
Jämtland County (Swedish: Jämtlands län, Southern Sami: Jiemthen leene) is a county or län in Sweden. It consists of the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen, along with minor parts of Hälsingland and Ångermanland, plus two small strips of Lapland and Dalarna. It borders the counties of Dalarna, Gävleborg, Västernorrland, and Västerbotten, as well as the Norwegian county of Trøndelag. It measures 49,443 km2 (19,090 sq mi) and constitutes 12% of Sweden's total area, making it the country's third largest county. The capital is Östersund. The county governor and leader of the administrative board, as appointed by the Swedish government, has been Marita Ljung since 2021.

The county was established in 1810, at the time it consisted only of the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen, which is why the coat of arms is a shield parted per fess with their provincial arms. King Carl XVI Gustaf is occasionally referred to as Duke of Jämtland after his title of king.
Acantholimon esfandiarii
Acantholimon esfandiarii is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. The native range of this species is Iran. It is a subshrub and grows primarily in the temperate biome.

It was first described in 1974 by Austrian botanists and phytogeographers, Karl Heinz Rechinger and Helene Schiman-Czeika.

Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek  φυτόν, phytón 'plant' and  γεωγραφία, geographía 'geography' meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges (at both large and small scales, see species distribution) to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras. Geobotany, by contrast, focuses on the geographic space's influence on plants.
Marcus Peducaeus Priscinus
Marcus Peducaeus Priscinus was a Roman senator of the second century. He was ordinary consul in the year 110 with Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus as his colleague. Priscinus is primarily known from inscriptions.

Priscinus came from a Roman Republic family, the gens Peducaei. He was the son of Quintus Peducaeus Priscinus, ordinary consul in 93; his son was Marcus Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus, consul in 141. The senatorial career of the consul of 110 is not known, except that the sortition awarded Priscinus the proconsular governorship of Asia for 124/125.

Sortition
In governance, sortition is the selection of public officials or jurors at random, i.e. by lottery, in order to obtain a representative sample.

In ancient Athenian democracy, sortition was the traditional and primary method for appointing political officials, and its use was regarded as a principal characteristic of democracy. Sortition is often classified as a method for both direct democracy and deliberative democracy.

Today, sortition is commonly used to select prospective jurors in common-law systems. What has changed in recent years is the increased number of citizen groups with political advisory power, along with calls for making sortition more consequential than elections, as it was in Athens, Venice, and Florence.
Ultrasound 1997–2003
Ultrasound 1997–2003 (Chinese: 樂之路) is the first compilation album by Taiwanese Mandopop singer-songwriter David Tao. It was released on 8 August 2003 by EMI Music Taiwan. It features four new tracks as well as 11 previously released tracks, from his debut album, David Tao in 1997 to his third album Black Tangerine in 2003.

The track "今天没回家" (Shanghaied) is listed at number 6 on Hit Fm Taiwan's Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2003.

David Tao
David Tao (Chinese: 陶喆; pinyin: Táo Zhé; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tô Tiat,  born 11 July 1969) is a Taiwanese singer-songwriter. He is well known for creating a crossover genre of R&B and hard rock tunes which has now become his signature style and for having popularized R&B in the Mandopop industry. Tao's accolades include six Golden Melody Awards in Taiwan.
Ruyonga
Edwin Ruyonga, known by the mononym Ruyonga is a Ugandan hip hop and spoken-word musical artist based in the United States. Ruyonga was one of the pioneering hip-hop acts in Uganda, with his first group winning a nationwide music competition in 2000.

Rawkus Records selected Ruyonga as one of the top 50 artists on the internet, and Rawkus helped release his second solo album, AFRiCAN, in 2007. Ruyonga has recorded songs with many artists including Brother Ali and Slug of Atmosphere, and has shared the stage with Lupe Fiasco, K’Naan, Wu Tang Clan, Grieves and Budo (Rhymesayers) and The Roots.

Ruyonga is married to Sheila Yvonne Agaba with whom he has a daughter. In 2013, he was on DSTV's list African MC's: In a League of their own. He has collaborated with fellow Ugandan rappers like The mith, Bigtril, and Zex Bilangilangi. He is also credited for delivering the finest verses in Ugandan cyphers, notably Vuqa cypher.

K'naan
Keinan Abdi Warsame (Somali: Keynaan Cabdi Warsame; born 1 February 1978), known professionally as K'naan (/ˈkeɪnɑːn/ KAY-nahn), is a Somali-Canadian rapper, singer-songwriter and filmmaker. He rose to international fame after releasing the single "Wavin' Flag", which was chosen as Coca-Cola's promotional anthem for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Besides hip hop, K'naan's sound is influenced by elements of Somali music and world music. A Grammy Award-winning artist and FIPRESCI Prize-winning director, he is also involved in various philanthropic initiatives.
2017 AFC Champions League
The 2017 AFC Champions League was the 36th edition of Asia's premier club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 15th under the current AFC Champions League title.

Urawa Red Diamonds defeated Al-Hilal in the final to win their second AFC Champions League title, and qualified as the AFC representative at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates.

Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors were the defending champions, but they were excluded from the 2017 season due to a bribery scandal in the domestic K League Classic. Jeonbuk appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, but their request for provisional measures was rejected on 3 February.

Time in Malaysia
Malaysian Standard Time (MST; Malay: Waktu Standard Malaysia, WSM or Malay: Waktu Piawai Malaysia, WPM), or sometimes Malaysian Time (MYT), is the standard time used in Malaysia. It is 8 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).  Malaysia does not observe daylight saving time.
John F. Mulholland Jr.
Lieutenant General John F. Mulholland Jr. (born 1955) is a retired senior officer who served in the United States Army and is the former Associate Director for Military Affairs (ADMA) at the Central Intelligence Agency. Mulholland previously served as Deputy Commander of the United States Special Operations Command, after having previously served in the US Army's Special Forces. He commanded special operations task forces in both Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, earning an appointment as Deputy Commanding General of the Joint Special Operations Command and later as Commanding General, United States Army Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg.

United States Army Command and General Staff College
The United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC or USACGSC) is a staff college for United States Army located at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The college was established in 1881 by William Tecumseh Sherman as the School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry (later simply the Infantry and Cavalry School), a training school for infantry and cavalry officers.

In 1907 it changed its title to the School of the Line. The curriculum expanded throughout World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War and continues to adapt to include lessons learned from current conflicts. It provides Professional Military Education to officers of the United States Army, as well as foreign military officers.

In addition to the main campus at Fort Leavenworth, the college has satellite campuses at Fort Belvoir, Virginia; Fort Lee, Virginia; Fort Gordon, Georgia; and Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. The college also maintains a distance-learning modality for some of its instruction.
Full Force Fighting
Full Force Fighting (FFF) is a mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion based in Colorado. The organization's  first event, Full Force Fighting Vol. 1, was held on January 29, 2011 at the Paramount Theater in Denver. The event was co-promoted by Fight To Win and Thomas "Wildman" Denny. Attempting to restore prestige back to combat sports, there was a business casual dress code enforced at the event.

Paramount Theatre (Denver)
The Paramount Theatre is a concert venue in Denver, Colorado, located on Glenarm Place, near Denver's famous 16th Street Mall. The venue has a seating capacity of 1,870 but is a popular destination for large acts looking for a smaller concert setting.  With spelling as Paramount Theater, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
1984 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1984 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University (SMU) as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1984 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by third-year head coach Bobby Collins, the Mustangs compiled an overall record 10–2 with a mark of 6–2 in conference play, sharing the SWC title with Houston and marking the third time in four years that SMU had at least a share of the title. This was the last year the Mustangs would win a conference title until 2023 when they won the American Athletic Conference title.

While Houston, who beat SMU, received a bid to the Cotton Bowl Classic, the Mustangs were invited to play in the Aloha Bowl, where they defeated Notre Dame, 27–20. SMU finished the season ranked No. 8 in both the major polls.

1984 marked SMU's fourth consecutive ten-win season. The Mustangs did not make another bowl game appearance until the 2009 season.

2009 SMU Mustangs football team
The 2009 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Mustangs, led by second-year head coach June Jones, played their home games at Gerald J. Ford Stadium and competed in Conference USA.

The 2009 Mustangs played in a bowl game for the first time since the program's 1989 emergence from its 1987 shutdown due to massive NCAA rule violations. SMU was invited to the Hawaii Bowl, where they played Nevada. The Mustangs won, 45–10, to finish the season 8–5.
Richard Rawdon Stawell
Sir Richard Rawdon Stawell KBE, (14 March 1864 – 18 April 1935) was an Australian medical doctor and the President of the Victorian branch of the British Medical Association.

Stawell was born at Kew, Melbourne. Stawell did post-graduate work from 1890 to 1892. In World War I, Stawell served as Lieutenant-Colonel in charge of the medical section with the 3rd Australian General Hospital.

The great immunologist Sir Macfarlane Burnet found him 'a man of much wisdom and immense charm', but with 'a waspish intolerance of stupidity'.

British Medical Association
The British Medical Association (BMA) is a registered trade union and professional body for doctors in the United Kingdom. It does not regulate or certify doctors, a responsibility which lies with the General Medical Council. The BMA has a range of representative and scientific committees and is recognised by National Health Service (NHS) employers alongside the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association as one of two national contract negotiators for doctors.

The BMA's stated aim is "to promote the medical and allied sciences, and to maintain the honour and interests of the medical profession".
Microlife Corporation
Microlife Corporation (simplified Chinese: 百略医学科技股份有限公司; traditional Chinese: 百略醫學科技股份有限公司; pinyin: Bǎi lüè yīxué kējì gǔfèn yǒuxiàn gōngsī) is a medical diagnostics company that specializes in the development and manufacture of blood pressure monitors, digital thermometers, Peak Flow Meters, heat therapy aids, blood glucose management devices and weight management devices. Microlife is currently the world's largest manufacturer of digital medical thermometers and a major provider of electronic blood pressure monitoring devices. The company maintains international divisions throughout the world.

Peak expiratory flow
The peak expiratory flow (PEF), also called peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and peak flow measurement, is a person's maximum speed of expiration, as measured with a peak flow meter, a small, hand-held device used to monitor a person's ability to breathe out air. It measures the airflow through the bronchi and thus the degree of obstruction in the airways. Peak expiratory flow is typically measured in units of liters per minute (L/min).
Nepenthes 'Vittata'
Nepenthes 'Vittata' is a cultivar of a complex manmade hybrid involving N. maxima, N. mirabilis, N. northiana, N. rafflesiana, N. veitchii, and a plant identified as N. thorelii.[note a] It was bred by Bruce Lee Bednar and Orgel Clyde Bramblett in 1990. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, and has a Latin epithet, violating Article 19.13. It is a synonym of N. × hareliana and was originally published in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as "x hareliana var. vittata".

Other cultivars of the same cross include N. 'Alba', N. 'Boca Rose', N. 'Red Skeleton', and N. 'Rouge'.

Nepenthes northiana
Nepenthes northiana /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌnɔːrθiˈɑːnə/, or Miss North's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo, where it grows at elevations ranging from 0 to 500 m above sea level. The specific epithet northiana honours the English botanic illustrator Marianne North, who first depicted the species. Nepenthes northiana is one of the most famous Nepenthes, and its discovery in the latter half of the 19th century contributed to Sarawak's reputation as a land of spectacular exotic plants.
Band Master
Band Master is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film, directed by K. S. Ravikumar. The film stars R. Sarathkumar and Heera, with Ranjitha, Vijayakumar and Srividya in supporting roles. It was released on 2 July 1993.

K. S. Ravikumar
K. S. Ravikumar (born 30 May 1958) is an Indian film director, film producer, screenwriter and actor who primarily works in Tamil cinema and few Telugu films. He is one of the most commercially successful directors of Indian cinema. He has won many awards including one Filmfare Award South and five Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.
Üçgöze, Şehitkamil
Üçgöze, historically and still informally called Şöhme, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şehitkamil, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 352 (2022). The village is inhabited by Turkmens of the Qiziq tribe.

Şehitkamil
Şehitkamil is a municipality and district of Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,290 km2, and its population is 857,167 (2022). It covers the northern part of the agglomeration of Gaziantep and the adjacent countryside. It contains the old city, including Gaziantep Castle, as well as the University of Gaziantep.

On 20 August 2012, a bomb attack occurred, killing at least eight and wounding 64 people.

Şehitkamil was the epicenter of the Mw 7.8 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake, which heavily damaged the district, including its landmarks.
Sallay Mahomet
Sallay Mahomet (16 September 1911 – 15 July 1983), sometimes spelled Saleh, was an Afghan Australian cameleer and camel trainer who lived for much of his life at Alice Springs.

Mahomet is perhaps best known for helping train Robyn Davidson for the 1977 camel expedition that is documented in her book Tracks, and a subsequent 2013 film adaptation.

Afghan Australians
Afghan Australians (Dari: استرالیایی های افغان‌تبار Ostorâliyâi-hāye Afghān tabar, Pashto: د اسټرالیا افغانان Da Asṭrālyā Afghanan) are Australians tied to Afghanistan either by birth or by ancestry.

The first Afghans who migrated to Australia arrived mid 19th century as cameleers. Over subsequent decades, they played a crucial role in facilitating British exploration of the country's desert centre.

The Australian government categorises Afghanistan and all Afghan ethnic groups as Central Asian Australians.

In the 2021 Census, the top-three states with the largest Afghan-born were Victoria (25,432), New South Wales (14,623) and South Australia (8,214).
Smeltmill
Smeltmills were water-powered mills used to smelt lead or other metals.

The older method of smelting lead on wind-blown bole hills began to be superseded by artificially-blown smelters.  The first such furnace was built by Burchard Kranich at Makeney, Derbyshire in 1554, but produced less good lead than the older bole hill.  William Humfrey (the Queen's assay master), and a leading shareholder in the Company of Mineral and Battery Works introduced the ore hearth from the Mendips about 1577.  This was initially blown by a foot-blast, but was soon developed into a water-powered smelt mill at Beauchief (now a suburb of Sheffield).

A typical smelt mill had an orehearth and a slaghearth, the latter being used to reprocess slags from the orehearth in order to recover further lead from the slag

Company of Mineral and Battery Works
The Company of Mineral and Battery Works was, with the Society of the Mines Royal, one of two mining monopolies created by Elizabeth I. The company's rights were based on a patent granted to William Humfrey on 17 September 1565. This was replaced on 28 May 1568 by a patent of incorporation, making it an early joint stock company. The Society of the Mines Royal was incorporated on the same day.
Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service
Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service was the county-wide, statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the ceremonial county of Wiltshire, England between 1948 and 2016.

Created in 1948 from a number of smaller more local fire brigades, until 1997 the service was a division of Wiltshire County Council. After 1997, when the Borough of Swindon was separated from the county of Wiltshire to become a new unitary authority, the service was administered by a combined fire authority of thirteen members, nine appointed by Wiltshire Council and four by Swindon Borough Council, called the Wiltshire and Swindon Combined Fire Authority. The members were appointed annually.

The fire and rescue service's headquarters was at Manor House, Potterne, near Devizes, where there was also a training centre.

With effect from 1 April 2016, the service was merged into the new Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service.

Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within their areas, or perform additional functions that elsewhere are usually performed by multiple tiers of local government.

Typically, unitary authorities cover towns or cities that are large enough to function independently of a council or other authority. An authority can be a unit of a county or combined authority.
Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern
The Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern (German: Rottenmanner und Wölzer Tauern) are a subrange of the Austrian Central Alps within the Eastern Alps. Together with the  Radstadt Tauern, the Schladming Tauern and the Seckau Tauern the Rottenmann and Wölz Tauern form the major range known as the Low Tauern. The mountains are located in Austria in the federal state of Styria.

Eastern Alps
The Eastern Alps are usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley, up to the Splügen Pass at the Alpine divide, and down the Liro River to Lake Como in the south. The peaks and mountain passes are lower than the Western Alps, while the range itself is broader and less arched.
Karancsalja
Karancsalja (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkɒrɒntʃɒjːɒ]) is a village in Nógrád county, Hungary, in Salgótarján District.

Karancsalja has probably been inhabited since the time of the Hungarian conquest, since its area – the northern side of the valley – is slightly raised from its surroundings, thus providing a suitable place for settlement.

Like other settlements of the Karancs region, at the beginning of its history, Karancsalja was a typical village on a highway, and it was established along the road connecting the Great Plain and the Highlands. Until the middle of the 19th century, this was an important trade route for the county and even for the country. The traffic here was of considerable economic importance.

Despite its favorable geographical conditions, Karancsalja did not become a large settlement, although in the second half of the 19th century, with the emergence and rapid development of mining, the village began to grow. More than 1400 people live in Karancsalja today.

Salgótarján District
Salgótarján (Hungarian: Salgótarjáni járás) is a district in north-eastern part of Nógrád County. Salgótarján is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Northern Hungary Statistical Region.