hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reynolds syndrome
Reynolds syndrome is a rare secondary laminopathy, consisting of the combination of primary biliary cirrhosis and progressive systemic sclerosis.  In some patients this syndrome has also been associated with Sjögren's syndrome and hemolytic anemia.  Typical clinical features include jaundice, elevated blood levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcinosis cutis, telangiectasias, and pruritus. This disease may cause white or yellow-ish spots on the arms or legs. The syndrome, a special case of scleroderma, is named after the American physician, Telfer B. Reynolds, MD (1921–2004), who first described it.  He is also known for creating one of the world's first hepatology programs at the University of Southern California.

It should not be confused with the more common Raynaud's phenomenon.

Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular). This most commonly occurs within the spleen, but also can occur in the reticuloendothelial system or mechanically (prosthetic valve damage). Hemolytic anemia accounts for 5% of all existing anemias. It has numerous possible consequences, ranging from general symptoms to life-threatening systemic effects. The general classification of hemolytic anemia is either intrinsic or extrinsic. Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia.

Symptoms of hemolytic anemia are similar to other forms of anemia (fatigue and shortness of breath), but in addition, the breakdown of red cells leads to jaundice and increases the risk of particular long-term complications, such as gallstones and pulmonary hypertension.
Charles F. Hockett
Charles Francis Hockett (January 17, 1916 – November 3, 2000) was an American linguist who developed many influential ideas in American structuralist linguistics. He represents the post-Bloomfieldian phase of structuralism often referred to as "distributionalism" or "taxonomic structuralism". His academic career spanned over half a century at Cornell and Rice universities. Hockett was also a firm believer of linguistics as a branch of anthropology, making contributions that were significant to the field of anthropology as well.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
Tewkesbury Town Council
Tewkesbury Town Council is a local council covering the parish of Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. It is a successor parish to the Tewkesbury Municipal Borough Council that existed prior to the reorganisation of English Local Government in April 1974. The Town Council in its original form was constituted by the Local Government (Successor Parishes) Order 1973, where Tewkesbury Town is listed in Schedule Part 1.

Successor parish
Successor parishes are civil parishes with a parish council, created in England in 1974. They replaced, with the same boundaries, a selected group of urban districts and municipal boroughs: a total of 300 successor parishes were formed from the former areas of 78 municipal boroughs and 221 urban districts.
Recife School
The so-called Recife School (Portuguese: Escola do Recife) was a literary and philosophical movement that emerged in the 1860s and flourished throughout the late nineteenth century in Brazil.

Among its representatives were the philosophers Tobias Barreto and Raimundo de Farias Brito, the historian and statesman Joaquim Nabuco, the literary critic Silvio Romero, and the jurist Clóvis Bevilacqua, all of whom had studied at the Recife Law School.

Drawing from influences such as neo-Kantianism, positivism, the German historical school and Darwin's theory of evolution, its members engaged primarily with subjects such as ethics, metaphysics, aesthetics, philosophy of Law, and the sociology of culture.

Over time, several of the School's exponents, molded by liberal ideals, grew into key figures in both the abolition of slavery and in the process that led to the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic.

Neo-Kantianism
In late modern philosophy, neo-Kantianism (German: Neukantianismus) was a revival of the 18th-century philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The neo-Kantians sought to develop and clarify Kant's theories, particularly his concept of the thing-in-itself and his moral philosophy.
House of Guttenberg
The House of Guttenberg is a wealthy Franconian family that was noble until all legal privileges of royalty and nobility were abolished in Germany in 1919 following the German revolution and proclamation of the republic at the end of World War I. It traces its origins back to 1149 with a Gundeloh von Blassenberg (Plassenberg), though the first mention in a document is dated 1158. The name Guttenberg is derived from Guttenberg in present-day Bavaria, and it was adopted by a Heinrich von Blassenberg around 1310.

Proclamation of the republic in Germany
The proclamation of the republic in Germany took place in Berlin twice on 9 November 1918, the first at the Reichstag building by Philipp Scheidemann of the Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany (MSPD) and the second a few hours later by Karl Liebknecht, the leader of the Marxist Spartacus League, at the Berlin Palace.

In the German Revolution of 1918–1919, during which Social Democrats and Spartacists were among the groups that fought to determine the country's future form of government, it was the MSPD and the ideas of the bourgeois-democratic parties that prevailed over the Spartacists and their more radical idea of a soviet-style republic. The German Empire was transformed from a monarchy into a parliamentary democratic republic with a liberal constitution. Scheidemann's speech marked the point at which the Empire could be said to have ended and the Weimar Republic born.
Plimsoll (surname)
Plimsoll is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Plimsoll (1917–1987), Australian diplomat and public servant

John Plimsoll (1917–1999), South African cricketer

Samuel Plimsoll (1824–1898), English politician and social reformer

Samuel Plimsoll
Samuel Plimsoll (10 February 1824 – 3 June 1898) was a British politician and social reformer, now best remembered for having devised the Plimsoll line (a line on a ship's hull indicating the maximum safe draught, and therefore the minimum freeboard for the vessel in various operating conditions). Its subsequent introduction in regulation resulted in a reduction of ship sinkings and a corresponding significant improvement in seafarer safety from the late 19th century onwards.
Hannibal Hodges Whitney
Hannibal Hodges Whitney (ca. 1815 – 1861 or later) was a merchant and political figure in Canada East. He represented West Missisquoi and then Missisquoi in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1854 to 1861.

He was born in Saint-Armand-Est, the son of John B. Whitney and Lucy Leonard, and became involved in the business of importing goods at Montreal. In 1844, he married Mary Ballard Gregory. Whitney was a member of the municipal council from 1851 to 1859. He did not run for reelection to the assembly in 1861. Whitney is thought to have died in Montreal in 1861 or later.

His cousins, John K. and Bartholomew Whitney, served in the Vermont assembly.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball
The Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks basketball team is the men's basketball team that represents Stephen F. Austin State University (popularly abbreviated as SFA) in Nacogdoches, Texas, United States. (All SFA women's teams are known as Ladyjacks.)

Nacogdoches, Texas
Nacogdoches (/ˌnækəˈdoʊtʃɪs/ ⓘ NAK-ə-DOH-chis) is a city in East Texas and the county seat of Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Nacogdoches had a population of 32,147. Stephen F. Austin State University is located in Nacogdoches and specializes in forestry and agriculture. Nacogdoches is also known as "The Oldest Town in Texas". Its sister city is Natchitoches, Louisiana.
Piero Zuffi
Piero Zuffi (28 April 1919 – 2006)  was an Italian set designer and painter.

Born in Imola, Zuffi formed as a painter in  Latin America. After a few years settled in Paris, in 1952 he moved to Milan, where he started collaborating with the Piccolo Teatro as a set designer. In 1954 he made the sets and costumes for a representation of the Christoph Willibald Gluck's opera Alceste, starring Maria Callas, then starting a decade-long collaboration with La Scala. His sets were characterized by fixed structures, lack of curtain and changes in vision.  Also active in films, he wrote and directed a crime film in  1970, The Syndicate: A Death in the Family.

Imola
Imola (Italian: [ˈiːmola]; Romagnol: Jômla or Jemula) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, located on the river Santerno, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. The city is traditionally considered the western entrance to the historical region Romagna.

The city is best-known as the home of the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari which hosts the Formula One Emilia Romagna Grand Prix and formerly hosted the San Marino Grand Prix, named after the independent nation of San Marino around 100 km to the south.
Sisir Kumar Maitra
Sisir Kumar Maitra (born 19 January 1887, Calcutta, India, died 1963) was Head of the Department of Philosophy and Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Banaras Hindu University. His writings compared Eastern and Western philosophy, and the teachings of Sri Aurobindo in comparison with Western philosophers.

Eastern philosophy
Eastern philosophy (also called Asian philosophy or Oriental philosophy) includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia, including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy, and Vietnamese philosophy, which are dominant in East Asia; and Indian philosophy (including Hindu philosophy, Jain philosophy, Buddhist philosophy), which are dominant in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Japan and Mongolia.
Gawerków
Gawerków [ɡaˈvɛrkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żelechlinek, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Żelechlinek, 23 km (14 mi) north of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 42 km (26 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.
Porkuni Landscape Conservation Area
Porkuni Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park which is located in Lääne-Viru County, Estonia.

The area of the nature park is 1,152 hectares (2,850 acres).

The protected area was founded in 1978 to protect Võhmetu-Lemküla-Porkuni karst lakes and eskers. In 2005, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area.

Nature park
A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.

In most countries nature parks are subject to legally regulated protection, which is part of their conservation laws.

In terms of level of protection, a category "Nature Park" is not the same as a "National Park", which is defined by the IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas as a category II protected area. 
A "Nature Park" designation, depending on local specifics, falls between category III and category VI according to IUCN categorization, in most cases closer to category VI.
However some nature parks have later been turned into national parks.
Korean Air and Missile Defense
The KAMD (Korean Air and Missile Defense; Korean: 한국형 미사일 방어 체계) is a multilayered air defense system being developed by South Korea. It integrates command, detection, and interception systems to provide comprehensive protection. It consists of LAMD, M-SAM, L-SAM, etc. KAMD is a key component of South Korea's three-axis defense strategy, designed to counter North Korea's nuclear threats. This positions South Korea as the sixth country, after the U.S., Israel, India, China, and Russia, to operate a multilayered air defense system using domestically developed interceptors.

Agency for Defense Development
The Agency for Defense Development (ADD; Korean: 국방과학연구소) is the South Korean government agency for research and development in defense technology, funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA). It was established in August 1970 under the banner of the self-reliant national defense promoted by President Park Chung Hee.

Its purpose is contributing to enforcing the national defence, to improving the national R&D capacity, and to fostering the domestic defense industry. ADD focuses on core weapons systems and core technology development, and studies major weapons platforms in high-risk and non-economical fields, unmanned and advanced, and new weapon systems for the future.

ADD is responsible for first South Korean ballistic missile Nike Hercules Korea-1 aka White/Polar Bear, developed in the 1970s with its first successful test in 1978.

ADD is the operator of South Korea's first dedicated military satellite, ANASIS-II, launched on 20 July 2020 by a Falcon 9 rocket.
Thomas C. Carson House
The Thomas C. Carson House is a historic building located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is currently in use as the sorority house of the University of Iowa chapter of Alpha Phi, and is thus also known as the Carson-Alpha Phi House.

Carson was one of the passengers on the first train to enter Iowa City.  He went to become a prominent merchant and banker in the community, and was involved with the local utility companies that his sons controlled.  He had this house built in 1875 in Second Empire style. The three-story frame house features a mansard roof with a concave slope, and elaborate dormers.  It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.  In 1997 it was included as a contributing property in the College Green Historic District.

Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada
Second Empire architecture in the United States and Canada is an architectural style that was popular in both nations in the late 19th century between 1865 and 1900. Second Empire architecture was influenced by the redevelopment in the mid-19th century of ancient Paris, the capital city of France, under former President of the French Republic (1848–1852), and later Emperor Napoleon III's Second French Empire (1852–1870), and was influenced partly by the architectural styles of the earlier French Renaissance (15th to 17th centuries).

Second Empire architecture is typically characterized by a mansard roof, elaborate ornament, and a strong massing. It was common in public buildings, commercial buildings, and some residential structures.
Li Zeyuan
Li Zeyuan (born April 23, 1986) is a Chinese baseball third baseman who plays with the Beijing Tigers in the China Baseball League. He was the first Chinese player to play in the Shikoku-Kyūshū Island League in Japan when he appeared for the Kagawa Olive Guyners in 2009.

Li represented China at the 2012 Asia Series, 2015 Asian Baseball Championship, and 2017 World Baseball Classic.

Kagawa Olive Guyners
The Kagawa Olive Guyners (香川オリーブガイナーズ) are a professional baseball team in the Shikoku Island League Plus of Japan. Established in 2005, the Guyners play at Olive Stadium in the Kagawa Prefectural Baseball Complex in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture.

They won the 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2018 season titles by beating other teams in the Island League playoff.
Mental nerve
The mental nerve is a sensory nerve of the face. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, itself a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It provides sensation to the front of the chin and the lower lip, as well as the gums of the anterior mandibular (lower) teeth. It can be blocked with local anaesthesia for procedures on the chin, lower lip, and mucous membrane of the inner cheek. Problems with the nerve cause chin numbness.

Face
The face is the front of the head in humans and many other animals that features most of the sense organs including the eyes, nose and mouth. Many animals may express emotions through their face. Sense organs in the faces of different animals are varied such as the snout, and the proboscis. Many animals are flat-faced (brachycephalic) such as the pug dog.

The human face is crucial for identity, and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities may adversely affect the psyche.
Jwalshik Wilford
Jwalshik Wilford (born September 3, 1968)  is a Nigerian chemist. Before his appointment on 1 June 2018, he was a deputy director of the Federal Capital Territory Water Board where he served most of his career. He is a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria and the Chemical Society of Nigeria. His research interests are in the areas of water safety, contaminants of emerging concerns in raw water sources and the distribution network and new methods of water analyses and treatment.

Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)
The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) is a federal territory in central Nigeria. Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is located in this territory. The FCT was formed in 1976 from parts of the states of old Kaduna, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau states, with the bulk of land mass carved out of Niger state. The Federal Capital Territory is within the North Central region of the country. Unlike other states of Nigeria, which are headed by elected Governors, it is administered by the Federal Capital Territory Administration, headed by a minister, who is appointed by the president.
Upper Hudson AVA
Upper Hudson is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in all or portions of Albany, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, Schoharie, and Washington Counties in upstate New York northwest of the state capital of Albany. It was established on December 5, 2018, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Andrew and Kathleen Weber, owners of Northern Cross Vineyard, on behalf of local grape growers and vintners, proposing the viticultural area named "Upper Hudson."  At the outset, it was approximately 960,000 acres (1,500 sq mi) with nearly 67.5 acres (27.3 ha) under vine and 19 vineyards.

Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Miracle's Boys
Miracle's Boys is an American drama television miniseries produced for Noggin's teen programming block, The N. The show began production in June 2004 and first previewed on December 17, 2004, with a behind-the-scenes special called "The Making of a Mini-Series." The show made its official debut on February 18, 2005.

It is based on the 2000 novel of the same name by Jacqueline Woodson. The series was directed by Spike Lee, Ernest Dickerson, Neema Barnette, Bill Duke, and LeVar Burton. It was filmed on-site in Harlem, New York, and includes a theme song by rapper Nas.

Miracle's Boys was nominated for five different categories at the 2006 Black Reel Awards, and it was the recipient of a Writers' Guild of America Award for Best Children's Script. The entire series was released to DVD in the United States on November 8, 2005. TeenNick, a channel that combined Noggin's The N with Nickelodeon's TEENick, aired reruns of Miracle's Boys throughout 2012.

Neema Barnette
Neema Barnette is an American film director and producer, and the first African-American woman to direct a primetime sitcom. Barnette was the first African-American woman to get a three-picture deal with Sony Pictures. Since then, she accumulated a number of awards, including a Peabody, an Emmy and an NAACP Image Award.
Ángel Orué
Ángel Reinaldo Orué Echeverría (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈaŋxel oˈrwe], born 5 January 1989) is a Paraguayan footballer. Emerged from Libertad youth ranks, he debuted in 2009 and the following season, was part of the squad that won its fifteenth league title. In mid–2011, after a regular season, he left the Asunción based–club for Santiago Wanderers in Chile, but after another unsuccessful spell, he returned to Paraguay for Nacional.

Club Nacional
Club Nacional is a Paraguayan professional football club based in the neighbourhood of Obrero in Asunción. Founded in 1904, the club currently plays in the Paraguayan Primera División, and holds its home games at Estadio Arsenio Erico.

Internationally, the club is referred to as Nacional Asunción, in order to distinguish itself from Uruguay's Nacional and Colombia's Atlético Nacional.
Briton-class corvette
The Briton class  was a group of three wooden screw corvettes built for the Royal Navy in the late 1860s. All three ships of the class only served overseas during their brief service lives. Between them, they were assigned to the China, East Indies, African, North American, and the Pacific Stations. All three were regarded as obsolete 15 years after they were completed, and they were sold in 1886–87.

Commander-in-Chief, Africa (Royal Navy)
The Commander-in-Chief, Africa was the last title of a Royal Navy's formation commander located in South Africa from 1795 to 1939. Under varying titles, it was one of the longest-lived formations of the Royal Navy. It was also often known as the Cape of Good Hope Station.