hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Knott, Caldbeck
Knott is a mountain in the northern part of the English Lake District. It is the highest point of the Back o'Skiddaw region, an area of wild and unfrequented moorland to the north of Skiddaw and Blencathra. Other tops in this region include High Pike, Carrock Fell and Great Calva. The fell's slopes are mostly smooth, gentle, and covered in grass, with a few deep ravines. It stands a long way from a road and requires a long walk across the moor top get to it; this, as well as the fact that it is hidden from the rest of the Lake District by the two aforementioned giants, make it one of the most unfrequented tops in the Lakes. When it is climbed it is most often from Mungrisdale or from the north via Great Sca Fell. The word Knott is of Cumbric origin, and means simply "hill".

Ravine
A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion. Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than valleys. Ravines may also be called a cleuch, dell, ghout (Nevis), gill or ghyll, glen, gorge, kloof (South Africa), and chine (Isle of Wight).

A ravine is generally a fluvial slope landform of relatively steep (cross-sectional) sides, on the order of twenty to seventy percent in gradient. Ravines may or may not have active streams flowing along the downslope channel which originally formed them; moreover, often they are characterized by intermittent streams, since their geographic scale may not be sufficiently large to support a perennial stream.
Nazir Dekhaiya
Noor Mohammad Allah Rakha Dekhaiya, better known by his takhallus Nazir Dekhaiya, was a Gujarati ghazal poet from Gujarat, India. His ghazal collections include Tushar (1962), Nazirni Ghazalo (part 1-2) and Soona Sadan (2006).

Takhallus
In Persian, Turkic, Hindustani and Punjabi, the word takhallus  (from Arabic تخلّص, lit. 'to get liberated or to become secure'; Persian: تخلّص, romanized: takhallos; Azerbaijani: təxəllüs; Uzbek: taxallus; Urdu: تخلّص, Hindi: तख़ल्लुस) means a pen name. Pen names were widely adopted by Persian, Turkic, Urdu and Punjabi poets.

The takhallus is often included in the maqta', the last couplet (bayt) of a ghazal.
American proletarian poetry movement
Proletarian poetry is a political poetry movement that developed in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s that expresses the class-conscious perspectives of the working-class. Such poems are either explicitly Marxist or at least socialist, though they are often aesthetically disparate. As a literature that emphasized working-class voices, the poetic form of works range from those emulating African-American slave work songs to modernist poetry. Major poets of the movement include Langston Hughes, Kenneth Fearing, Edwin Rolfe, Horace Gregory, and Mike Gold.

Edwin Rolfe
Edwin Rolfe (September 7, 1909 – May 24, 1954) was an American poet, journalist, communist, Spanish Civil War veteran, and screenwriter. He was dubbed "the poet laureate of the Abraham Lincoln Battalion"—the group of Americans who fought alongside the Soviet-backed Spanish Republicans against the Nazi-backed fascist forces of Francisco Franco and his Nationalist faction.
Image Commune
Image Commune is a film and video production team of personal and professional friends living and working mostly in Kerala, India, and trying to make meaningful communications with the world we live in through real and virtual images. The art of filmmaking beyond the entertainment industry is the elemental concern of the team, and two generations of film personals and film lovers from 1980 onwards are involved in this fraternity group. Rajiv Vijay Raghavan (Filmmaker), Venu (Cinematographer and Filmmaker), Sunny Joseph (Cinematographer), Beena Paul (Editor), P T Ramakrishnan (Filmmaker and Film society Activist), Anvar Ali (Poet & Screen Writer) are some of those who are involved in this team.

Sunny Joseph
Sunny Joseph (born 27 May 1957) is an Indian cinematographer and director from Kerala, most known for his work in Shaji N. Karun classic, Piravi, for which he won the 1988 Kerala State Film Award for Best Cinematography and Piravi also won a Caméra d'Or — Mention Spéciale at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. He has Post Graduate Diploma in Cinematography from the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune. He is a former Chairman and General Secretary of Indian Society of Cinematographers, (ISC).
Enforced disappearances in Belarus
The most infamous cases of people's disappearances in Belarus have occurred during the presidency of Alexander Lukashenko. For the most part, the people who have disappeared have been opponents of the president. They are considered cases of forced disappearance.

1994 Belarusian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 23 June 1994, with a second round on 10 July.  They were the first national elections held in Belarus since the country seceded from the Soviet Union three years earlier.  The result was an overwhelming victory for Alexander Lukashenko, who received 81% of the vote in the second round. Voter turnout was 79% in the first round and 71% in the second.
2017 Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo season
The 2017 Agua da Serra Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo (Brazilian Touring Championship), also known as Stock Car Brasil Light, was the fifth season of the Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo, a second-tier series to Stock Car Brasil.

Gabriel Robe finished the season as the champion.

Stock Light
Stock Light is a touring car racing series based in Brazil promoted by Vicar. The series returned in 2018 as Stock Light, having replaced the previous Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo, Copa Chevrolet Montana formerly known as Stock Car Copa Vicar, Stock Car Light, and Stock Car B which had run since 1993. The series serves as the official access category to Stock Car Brasil, as well as having manufacturer support from Chevrolet. The series champion is awarded a R$ 2.5 million scholarship to compete in Stock Car. In 2025 the series was rebranded back to Stock Light after three years under the Stock Series name, after complains about the name similarities between the main series Stock Car Pro Series.
Człopy
Człopy [ˈt͡ʂwɔpɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uniejów, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Uniejów, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Poddębice, and 54 km (34 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
Trisateles
Trisateles is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae described by Tams in 1939. Its only species, Trisateles emortualis, the olive crescent, was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in most of Europe, east to Siberia, northern Iran and China.

Michael Denis
Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: Sined the Bard, (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.
Reptile (song)
"Reptile" is a song by Australian alternative rock band The Church. It was released as a single from their 1988 album Starfish, and the songwriting credits are given to all four members of the band.

Inspired by a real-life encounter with a reptile, "Reptile" is based around a prominent guitar riff. The song saw moderate commercial success as a single and has become one of the band's most famous songs.

Starfish (album)
Starfish is the fifth album by the Australian rock band The Church, released in February 1988 by Mushroom Records in Australia and by Arista Records internationally. The band's international breakthrough album, Starfish went gold in America and has remained their most commercially successful release. The album sold 600,000 copies in the United States alone. The first single, "Under the Milky Way", charted on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 24, and at No. 2 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, leading to significant exposure of the then relatively underground Australian act. In Australia "Under the Milky Way" climbed to No. 22, and Starfish reached No. 11 on the albums chart.
Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam
"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" ("Christ our Lord came to the Jordan") is a Lutheran hymn about baptism by Martin Luther, written in 1541 and published in 1543. It has been set in many musical compositions, including cantatas and chorale preludes by Johann Sebastian Bach.

Lutheran hymn
Martin Luther was a great enthusiast for music, and this is why it forms a large part of Lutheran services; in particular, Luther admired the composers Josquin des Prez and Ludwig Senfl and wanted singing in the church to move away from the ars perfecta (Catholic Sacred Music of the late Renaissance) and towards singing as a Gemeinschaft (community). Lutheran hymns are sometimes known as chorales. Lutheran hymnody is well known for its doctrinal, didactic, and musical richness. Most Lutheran churches are active musically with choirs, handbell choirs, children's choirs, and occasionally change ringing groups that ring bells in a bell tower. Johann Sebastian Bach, a devout Lutheran, composed music for the Lutheran church: more than half of his over 1000 compositions are or contain Lutheran hymns.
Mary Kay Becker
Mary Kay Becker (born 1946) has served as a Washington state judge on the Washington Court of Appeals, a former paralegal, Democratic member of the Washington House of Representatives and newspaper editor.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Tamia Ja
Tamia Ja (real name Hannah Jabesi) is a Malawian social media influencer known for her outspoken views and frequent controversies. She has been involved in disputes with police over withheld funds and legal proceedings concerning alleged unlawful disclosure of private HIV health information.

In 2024, she received the Content Creator of the Year award in the MBC’s Entertainers of the Year (2024).

Malawi Police Service
The Malawi Police Service is an independent organ of the executive that is mandated by the constitution to protect public safety and the rights of persons in Malawi. The Malawi Police Service is overseen by an Inspector General of Police.
Daniel O'Keeffe (judge)
Daniel O'Keeffe (born 5 May 1943) is a retired Irish judge who served as Chair of the Standards in Public Office Commission from 2014 to 2020, a Judge of the High Court from 2008 to 2013, and Chair of the Irish Takeover Panel from 1998 to 2008.

As Chairman of the Standards in Public Office Commission, he was also an ex-officio member of the Commission for Public Service Appointments. He is also a member of the Inquiry Panel appointed by the Central Bank of Ireland.

He was Chairman of the Second Report of the Public Service Benchmarking Body which reported to the Minister for Finance in 2007.

Irish Takeover Panel
The Irish Takeover Panel is the statutory body responsible for monitoring and supervising takeovers and other relevant transactions in relevant companies in Ireland. It was established by the Irish Takeover Panel Act 1997. The Panel is designated as the competent Irish authority for the purpose of the Takeover Directive 2004/25/EC. It is incorporated as a company limited by guarantee. It makes Annual Reports to the Minister for Enterprise, Tourism and Employment.
Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw (Polish: Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie) is a public university of visual arts and applied arts located in the Polish capital. The academy traces its history back to the Department of Arts founded at the Warsaw University in the Duchy of Warsaw in 1812. As a separate institution it was founded in 1844 in Congress Poland. In an upgrade in 1904 it was named the Warsaw School of Fine Arts; and in 1932 it received recognition as an academy. At first the institute did not have its own building and classes were held in several locations around the city. Following an architectural competition a design by Alfons Gravier was chosen and construction began in 1911. The building was completed by the outbreak of the First World War.

Applied arts
The applied arts are all the arts that apply design and decoration to everyday and essentially practical objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing. The term is used in distinction to the fine arts, which are those that produce objects with no practical use, whose only purpose is to be beautiful or stimulate the intellect in some way. In practice, the two often overlap.  Applied arts largely overlap with decorative arts, and the modern making of applied art is usually called design.

Examples of applied arts are:

Industrial design – mass-produced objects.

Sculpture – also counted as a fine art.

Architecture – also counted as a fine art.

Crafts – also counted as a fine art.

Culinary arts

Ceramic art

Automotive design

Fashion design

Calligraphy

Interior design

Graphic design

Cartographic (map) design
Strictly convex space
In mathematics, a strictly convex space is a normed vector space (X, || ||) for which the closed unit ball is a strictly convex set. Put another way, a strictly convex space is one for which, given any two distinct points x and y on the unit sphere ∂B (i.e. the boundary of the unit ball B of X), the segment joining x and y meets ∂B only at x and y.  Strict convexity is somewhere between an inner product space (all inner product spaces being strictly convex) and a general normed space in terms of structure. It also guarantees the uniqueness of a best approximation to an element in X (strictly convex) out of a convex subspace Y, provided that such an approximation exists.

If the normed space X is complete and satisfies the slightly stronger property of being uniformly convex (which implies strict convexity), then it is also reflexive by Milman–Pettis theorem.

Ball (mathematics)
In mathematics, a ball is the solid figure bounded by a sphere; it is also called a solid sphere. It may be a closed ball (including the boundary points that constitute the sphere) or an open ball (excluding them).

These concepts are defined not only in three-dimensional Euclidean space but also for lower and higher dimensions, and for metric spaces in general. A ball in n dimensions is called a hyperball or n-ball and is bounded by a hypersphere or (n−1)-sphere. Thus, for example, a ball in the Euclidean plane is the same thing as a disk, the planar region bounded by a circle. In Euclidean 3-space, a ball is taken to be the region of space bounded by a 2-dimensional sphere. In a one-dimensional space, a ball is a line segment.

In other contexts, such as in Euclidean geometry and informal use, sphere is sometimes used to mean ball. In the field of topology the closed -dimensional ball is often denoted as  or  while the open -dimensional ball is  or .
Courageous Leaders
Courageous Leaders is an American web television docuseries created by Executive Producer, Wilson Cleveland and hosted by Hartley Sawyer. The series, presented by Hiscox and distributed by Vox Media debuted on June 1, 2015 on Vox, The Verge, SB Nation and Curbed.

The Verge
The Verge is an online American technology news publication headquartered in Lower Manhattan, New York City and operated by Vox Media. The website publishes news, feature stories, guidebooks, product reviews, consumer electronics news, and podcasts.

The website was launched on November 1, 2011 and used Vox Media's proprietary multimedia publishing platform Chorus until January 28, 2025, when it switched to WordPress. In 2014, Nilay Patel was named editor-in-chief and Dieter Bohn executive editor; Helen Havlak was named editorial director in 2017. The Verge won five Webby Awards for the year 2012 including awards for Best Writing (Editorial), Best Podcast for The Vergecast, Best Visual Design, Best Consumer Electronics Site, and Best Mobile News App.
Tsimafana
Tsimafana is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Belo sur Tsiribihina, which is a part of Menabe Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 60% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 30% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is chickpea, while other important products are sweet potatoes and rice.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 5% of the population.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.
Pull-off bottle cap
The pull-off bottle cap (also known as RingCrown, RipCap or Ring-pull closure or pull off caps) is a bottle closure that can be opened without any tools. It has a ring that can be pulled in order to detach the cap from the bottle. The cap splits along scores in the cap, therefore loosens and can be removed from the bottle. Drink companies use ring pull caps to differentiate themselves from competitors.

Drink industry
The drink industry (or drinks industry, also known as the beverage industry) produces drinks, in particular alcoholic beverages, ready to drink beverages, and soft drink products.

Drink production can vary greatly depending on the product being made. ManufacturingDrinks.com explains that "bottling facilities differ in the types of bottling lines they operate and the types of products they can run". Drinks may be packaged in glass bottles, plastic bottles, or metal cans. Innovations in the drink industry, catalysed by requests for non-alcoholic drinks, include hot-fill or cold-fill, drink plants, processing, and packing.
Łajsy, Braniewo County
Łajsy [ˈwai̯sɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Pieniężno, 26 km (16 mi) south-east of Braniewo, and 58 km (36 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Pieniężno
Pieniężno (Polish pronunciation: [pʲɛˈɲɛ̃ʐnɔ]; former Polish: Melzak; German: Mehlsack [ˈmeːlˌzak] ⓘ) is a town in northern Poland, located on the Wałsza River in Warmia, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is located in Braniewo County and had a population of 2,801 in 2010.
Ex parte Wood
Ex parte Wood, 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 603 (1824), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a patent could not be repealed based on summary proceedings without the opportunity for a jury trial.  The case exemplifies a tradition in early 19th century United States patent caselaw in which patents were regarded specifically as an absolute property right to exclusive use of the invention, rather than requiring a balancing between public and private interests.

Summary offence
A summary offence or petty offence is a violation in some common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a jury trial and/or indictment (required for an indictable offence).
Annilese Miskimmon
Annilese Miskimmon (born 1974) is a Northern Irish opera director who has been the artistic director of English National Opera since 2020. She previously held equivalent posts at Ireland's Opera Theatre Company (2004–2012), Danish National Opera (2012–2017) and the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet (2017–2020). She is also a freelance director who has often worked with Glyndebourne Festival Opera, Opera Holland Park and other companies.

Her productions include classics of the repertoire, such as Puccini's Madama Butterfly (2018), as well as rarely performed operas. They are often reset in the twentieth century, with several stagings employing Miskimmon's native Ireland as the setting, including Janáček's Jenufa (2015), Bellini's I Puritani (2015) and Puccini's Suor Angelica (2024).

Fiona Maddocks
Fiona Maddocks is a British music critic and author who specializes in classical music. Described as "one of the UK's leading writers and commentators on classical music", Maddocks has been chief music critic of The Observer since 2010. She held a central role in founding three media companies: BBC Music Magazine, Channel 4 and The Independent.

Previously arts feature writer for the Evening Standard, Maddocks has also written for The Guardian and The Times. Her publications include a survey on the Medieval composer Hildegard of Bingen, a collection of interviews with Harrison Birtwistle, an anthology of 100 pieces recommended pieces, a guide to 20th-century classical music, and a study on Sergei Rachmaninoff's life outside of his native Russia.
Felt Cobblestone General Store
Felt Cobblestone General Store is a historic general store located at the hamlet of East Victor in Victor in Ontario County, New York. It was constructed about 1835 and is a two-story, three bay cobblestone structure in the late  Federal / early Greek Revival style. It is built of irregularly shaped, multi-colored field cobbles. It is one of approximately 101 cobblestone buildings in Ontario County and one of approximately 20 commercial cobblestone structures in New York State. The store was known to be one of only 5 stores in New York State licensed to sell coca wine.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Ontario County, New York
Ontario County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 112,458. The county seat is Canandaigua. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.