hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japanese proverbs
A Japanese proverb (諺, ことわざ, kotowaza) may take the form of:

a short saying (言い習わし, iinarawashi),

an idiomatic phrase (慣用句, kan'yōku), or

a four-character idiom (四字熟語, yojijukugo).

Although "proverb" and "saying" are practically synonymous, the same cannot be said about "idiomatic phrase" and "four-character idiom".  Not all kan'yōku and yojijukugo are proverbial. For instance, the kan'yōku kitsune no yomeiri (狐の嫁入り, literally 'a fox's wedding', meaning "a sunshower") and the yojijukugo koharubiyori (小春日和, literally 'small spring weather', meaning "Indian summer" – warm spring-like weather in early winter) are not proverbs. To be considered a proverb, a word or phrase must express a common truth or wisdom; it cannot be a mere noun.

Idiom
An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense.  Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the literal meanings of each word inside it.

Idioms occur frequently in all languages. In English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions. Some well known idioms in English are "spill the beans" (meaning "reveal secret information"), "it's raining cats and dogs" (meaning "it's raining intensely"), and "break a leg" (meaning "good luck").
Winthrop Shore Drive
Winthrop Shore Drive is a historic parkway in Winthrop, Massachusetts.  The mile-long parkway runs through the Winthrop Beach Reservation, and is administered by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR).  The parkway is one of a series of ocean parkways (and the second one built) that make up a network of parkways connecting major open spaces in the Greater Boston area.  Both the parkway and reservation were designed in the mid-1890s by Charles Eliot for the Metropolitan Parks Commission, a predecessor to the DCR.  Land was acquired for the parkway in 1899, and construction was largely completed in 1900.

The parkway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Charles Eliot (landscape architect)
Charles Eliot (November 1, 1859 – March 25, 1897) was an American landscape architect. Known for pioneering principles of regional planning, naturalistic systems approach to landscape architecture, and laying the groundwork for conservancies across the world. Eliot was instrumental in the formation of the Trustees of Reservations, the world's first land trust, played a central role in shaping the Boston, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Park System, designed a number of public and private landscapes, and wrote prolifically on a variety of topics.
Nonsuch Park
Nonsuch Park /ˈnʌnˌsʌtʃ/ is a public park between Stoneleigh, Cheam, and Ewell in the borough of Epsom and Ewell in Surrey, England. It borders the London Borough of Sutton. It is the last surviving part of the Little Park of Nonsuch, a deer hunting park established by Henry VIII surrounding the former Nonsuch Palace.

The western regions of the larger adjacent Great Park of Nonsuch became known as Worcester Park after the 4th Earl of Worcester was appointed Keeper of the Great Park in 1606.

The park contains Nonsuch Mansion, also known as Nonsuch Park House.

Epsom and Ewell
Epsom and Ewell (/ˈjuːəl, juːl/) is a local government district with borough status in Surrey, England, covering the towns of Epsom and Ewell. The borough lies just outside the administrative boundary of Greater London, but it is entirely within the M25 motorway which encircles London. Many of the borough's urban areas form part of the wider Greater London Built-up Area.

The neighbouring districts are Reigate and Banstead, Mole Valley, Kingston upon Thames and Sutton, the latter two being London boroughs.
Carissima (TV series)
Carissima is a Venezuelan telenovela written by Julio César Mármol and produced by RCTV in 2001. The telenovela lasted 103 episodes and was distributed internationally by RCTV International.

Roxana Díaz and Carlos Montilla starred as the main protagonists with Maricarmen Regueiro, Franklin Virgüez and Carolina Tejera as antagonists.

RCTV International
RCTV International (formerly known as Coral Pictures or Coral International) is a subsidiary of Empresas 1BC. It was formed in Miami, Florida in 1982 as Coral Pictures to be the international distributor of RCTV's productions.

In 1986, the company had bought out the assets of Ziv International from Lorimar-Telepictures for an undisclosed price, in exchange, L-T received a minority 20% stake in the two Puerto Rico stations owned by RCTV.

RCTV moved to cable in 2007 after the Venezuelan government of Hugo Chavez refused to renew its terrestrial license. In 2010, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez had taken six cable television channels off the air, including RCTV International, for breaking a law on transmitting government material. The government had urged cable services to drop channels ignoring the rules.
Daf-7
The DAF-7 gene encodes for the ortholog of GDF11, a ligand of TGF-beta signaling pathway, in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans. When binds to the complex of type II receptor Daf-4 and type I receptor Daf-1, this receptor protein serine/threonine kinase will phosphorylation activate the Smad Protein Daf-8/14.

GDF11
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 11 gene. GDF11 is a member of the Transforming growth factor beta family.

GDF11 acts as a cytokine and its sequence is highly conserved between in humans, mice and rats. The bone morphogenetic protein group is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site, which is cleaved to produce a protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues.
Parque Alem
32°54′38.30″S 60°40′45.38″W﻿ / ﻿32.9106389°S 60.6792722°W﻿ / -32.9106389; -60.6792722

The Parque Alem (Alem Park, full name Parque Leandro Nicéforo Alem) is a large public park in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located in the north of the city, beside the Paraná River, overlooking its islands. Its name is a homage to 19th-century political leader Leandro Alem; the park features a statue in his honor.

The park includes amusement games for children, a cultural center, a public pool complex, a camping site of the Municipal Workers Union, and the piers of the Fishermen's Center. The mouth of the Ludueña Stream marks its northern border. Close to the park lie the stadium of the Rosario Central football team and the Sorrento thermal power plant.

Santa Fe Province
Santa Fe, officially Province of Santa Fe (Spanish: Provincia  de Santa Fe, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈfe], lit. "Holy Faith") is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco (divided by the 28th parallel south), Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero. Together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region.

Santa Fe's most important cities are Rosario (population 1,193,605), the capital Santa Fe (369,000), Rafaela (100,000), Reconquista (99,000) Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74,000), Venado Tuerto (69,000), and Santo Tomé (58,000).
Jacobabad District
Jacobabad District (Sindhi: جيڪب آباد ضلعو, Urdu: ضلع جیکب آباد) is a district in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. According to 2023 Census population of Jacobabad District is 1,174,097 It is located in the north of Sindh, by the provincial boundary with Balochistan. Its headquarters is the town of Jacobabad, which was founded by General John Jacob in 1847.

Divisions of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan contains four provinces, two administrative territories of the Kashmir region and a capital territory. The provinces and administrative territories are subdivided into 37 divisions. These divisions are further subdivided into districts, tehsils, and finally union councils. The divisions were abolished in 2000, but restored in 2008.

These divisions do not include the Islamabad Capital Territory. The formerly Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which were counted at the same level as provinces, have been subsumed into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and allocated to neighbouring divisions therein in 2018.
2013 Open GDF Suez de Cagnes-sur-Mer Alpes-Maritimes – Doubles
Alexandra Panova and Urszula Radwańska were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but Radwańska chose not to defend her title. Panova paired up with Valeria Solovyeva but lost in the quarterfinals.

Vania King and Arantxa Rus won the title, defeating Catalina Castaño and Teliana Pereira in the final, 4–6, 7–5, [10–8].

Vania King
Vania King (born February 3, 1989) is a retired American tennis player. A former top-10 doubles player, King won both the Wimbledon and US Open women's doubles titles in 2010 with partner Yaroslava Shvedova, with whom she also reached the final of the 2011 US Open. She won a total of 15 doubles titles on the WTA Tour and reached a career-high ranking of No. 3 in the world. She also ended runner-up in the mixed-doubles final at the French Open in 2009, with Marcelo Melo.

In singles, King has been ranked as high as No. 50 in the world. Her biggest accomplishments included a WTA Tour title at the 2006 Bangkok Open and two runner-up finishes at the 2013 Guangzhou International and 2016 Jianxi International. She also progressed as far as the third round in Grand Slam tournaments, doing so on four occasions (the 2009 US Open, the 2011 French Open, the 2011 US Open, and the 2012 Australian Open).

King announced her retirement on April 6, 2021
Santé Environnement France
Santé Environnement France (ASEF) is a non-governmental health and environmental organization founded in 2008 by two French doctors, Patrice Halimi and Pierre Souvet. It currently brings together more than 2 500 health professionals and has been recognized as a public interest organization.

Its core aim is based on informing general public on health and environmental matters. It works on several critical topics: air quality, climate change, biodiversity, electromagnetic waves, nutrition, gardening, sport, etc. According to the ASEF website, the organization conducts studies, organizes conferences, publishes practical guides and posts current news on health and environment.

Pierre Souvestre
Pierre Souvestre (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ suvɛstʁ]; 1 June 1874 – 26 February 1914) was a French lawyer, journalist, writer and organizer of motor races. He is mostly remembered today for his co-creation with Marcel Allain of the fictional arch-villain and master criminal Fantômas.
Cristo Redentore
The Statue of Christ the Redeemer of Maratea (Italian: Cristo Redentore di Maratea) is a statue of Jesus Christ in Maratea, southern Italy, realized in Carrara marble on the top of the Mountain “St. Biagio".

The sculpture was created by the Florentine sculptor Bruno Innocenti. The entire statue was completed in 1965.

The idea to realize the statue was the Count Stefano Rivetti of Valcervo’s, who was also the promoter and financier of the project execution.

Carrara marble
Carrara marble, or Luna marble (marmor lunense) to the Romans, is a type of white or blue-grey marble popular for use in sculpture and building decor. It has been quarried since Roman times in the mountains just outside the city of Carrara in the province of Massa and Carrara in the Lunigiana, the northernmost tip of modern-day Tuscany, Italy.

More marble has been extracted from the over 650 quarry sites near Carrara than from any other place. The pure white statuario grade was used for monumental sculpture, as "it has a high tensile strength, can take a high gloss polish and holds very fine detail".
Information Technology Act, 2000
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (also known as ITA-2000, or the IT Act) is an Act of the Indian Parliament (No 21 of 2000) notified on 17 October 2000. It is the primary law in India dealing with cybercrime and electronic commerce.

Secondary or subordinate legislation to the IT Act includes the Intermediary Guidelines Rules 2011 and the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.

Primary and secondary legislation
Primary legislation and secondary legislation (the latter also called delegated legislation or subordinate legislation) are two forms of law, created respectively by the legislative and executive branches of governments in representative democracies. Primary legislation generally consists of statutes, also known as "acts", that set out broad  principles and rules, but may delegate specific authority to an executive branch to make more specific laws under the aegis of the principal act. The executive branch can then issue secondary legislation (often by order-in-council in parliamentary systems, or by regulatory agencies in presidential systems), creating legally enforceable regulations and the procedures for implementing them.
Tudor Rareș Pop
Tudor Rareș Pop (born 29 November 1980) is a Romanian politician of the Save Romania Union. Since 2016, he has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies. In 2021, he was proposed as minister of youth and sports in the rejected cabinet of Dacian Cioloș. Since 2024, he has served as a quaestor of the chamber.

Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
The Chamber of Deputies (Romanian: Camera Deputaților) is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 312 regular seats to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation to serve four-year terms.

Additionally, the organisation of each national ethnic minority is entitled to a seat in the Chamber (under the limitation that a national minority is to be represented by one organisation only). As of the 2024 election, there are 19 such additional seats.
Timeline of Cardiff history
The timeline of Cardiff history shows the significant events in the history of Cardiff which transformed it from a small Roman fort into the modern capital city of Wales.

The word Caerdyf has its origins in post-Roman Brythonic words meaning "the fort of the Taff". The fort probably refers to that established by the Romans. Caer is Welsh for fort and -dyf is in effect a form of Taf (Taff), the river which flows by Cardiff Castle.

Wales Empire Pool
The Wales Empire Pool (Welsh: Pwll Nofio'r Gymanwlad), known locally as the Empire Pool, was an international standard swimming pool building, located in Cardiff, Wales from 1958 until it was demolished in 1998. It was a centrepiece for the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.
2016 FIH Masters Hockey World Cup
The 2016 FIH Masters Hockey World Cup was a field hockey event held between 29 March – 6 April in Canberra, Australia. The event comprised a series of tournaments in both male and female competitions.

The most successful men's teams at the 2016 FIH Masters Hockey World Cup were Australia and England, who each won two titles, while the Australian women's teams were the most successful winning three of five titles.

England men's national field hockey team
The England men's national field hockey team competes in most major international tournaments except the Olympic Games. England's only appearance at the Olympics was at London 1908 when they won gold; since then English players have competed at the Olympics as part of the combined Great Britain national field hockey team.

England's best finish in the Hockey World Cup was as runners-up to champions Australia in 1986, which was also held in London. They won the bronze medal at the inaugural Commonwealth Games hockey tournament in 1998 in Kuala Lumpur, as well as in 2014 in Glasgow and in Birmingham in 2022.
Emilio Schuberth
Emilio Federico Schuberth (8 July 1904 – 15 January 1972) was an Italian fashion designer, popular in the 1940s and 1950s. Schuberth was called the "tailor of the stars", and his work was loved by many international celebrities like Princess Soraya of Iran, Rita Hayworth, Ingrid Bergman, Bette Davis, Brigitte Bardot, Sophia Loren, Gina Lollobrigida and Anna Magnani.

Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary
Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary (Persian: ثریا اسفندیاری بختیاری, romanized: Sorayâ Esfandiâri-Baxtyâri; 22 June 1932 – 25 October 2001) was the second wife of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Queen of Iran from 1951 to 1958. Their marriage suffered many pressures, particularly when it became clear that she was infertile. She rejected the Shah's suggestion that he might take a second wife in order to produce an heir, as he rejected her suggestion that he might abdicate in favor of his half-brother. In March 1958, their divorce was announced. After a brief career as an actress, and a liaison with Italian film director Franco Indovina, Soraya lived alone in Paris until her death.
1991 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1991 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was the final event of the 1990–91 season in the Ohio Valley Conference. The tournament was held March 2-4, 1991, at Racer Arena in Murray, Kentucky.

Murray State defeated Middle Tennessee in the championship game, 79–67, to win their fifth OVC men's basketball tournament.

The Racers received an automatic bid to the 1991 NCAA tournament as the #13 seed in the Southeast region.

Murray, Kentucky
Murray is a home rule-class city in Calloway County, Kentucky, United States. It is the seat of Calloway County and the 19th-largest city in Kentucky. The city's population was 17,307 during the 2020 U.S. census, and its micropolitan area's population is 37,191. Murray is a college town and is the home of Murray State University.
Erkelenz
Erkelenz (German pronunciation: [ˈɛʁkəlɛnts] ⓘ, Limburgish: Erkelens [ˈæʀ(ə)kəlæns]) is a town in the Rhineland in western Germany that lies 15 kilometres (9 miles)  southwest of Mönchengladbach on the northern edge of the Cologne Lowland, halfway between the Lower Rhine region and the Lower Meuse. It is a medium-sized town (over 44,000) and the largest in the district of Heinsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia.

Despite the town having more than 1,000 years of history and tradition, in 2006 the eastern part of the borough was cleared to make way for the Garzweiler II brown coal pit operated by RWE Power. This is planned to be in operation until 2045. Over five thousand people from ten villages have had to be resettled as a result. Since 2010, the inhabitants of the easternmost village of Pesch have left and most have moved to the new villages of Immerath and Borschemich in the areas of Kückhoven and Erkelenz-Nord.

Rhineland
The Rhineland (German: Rheinland [ˈʁaɪ̯nˌlant] ⓘ; Dutch: Rijnland; Kölsch: Rhingland; Latin: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section, sometimes encompassing parts of Belgium. It is the main industrial heartland of Germany because of its many factories, and it has historic ties to the Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, and the German Empire.
John Beasley Greene
John Beasley Greene (1832 – November 1856) was a French-born American Egyptologist and one of the earliest archaeological documentary photographers. He died at the age of 24. Because of his early demise, his pioneering work was quickly forgotten. The first important study of Greene was published in 1981.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
Furutsu Hachimanyama Site
The Furutsu Hachimanyama Site (古津八幡山遺跡, Furutsu Hachimanyama iseki) is an archaeological site containing the remnants of a late Yayoi period moated settlement with three Kofun tumuli located in the Furutsu neighborhood of Akiha-ku, Niigata in the Hokuriku region of Japan.  The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2005, with the area under preservation extended in 2011 It is the northernmost moated Yayoi settlement site thus far discovered on the Sea of Japan coast.

Akiha-ku, Niigata
Akiha-ku (秋葉区, Akiha-ku) is one of the eight wards of Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, in the Hokuriku region of  Japan. As of 1 September 2018, the ward had an estimated population of 76,086 in 29,843 households  and a population density of 800 persons per km². The total area of the ward was  95.38 square kilometres (36.83 sq mi).
Long's Lane Precinct
The Long's Lane Precinct, also Longs Lane Precinct, comprise a series of heritage-listed terrace houses located at 130 Cumberland Street, 132–134 Cumberland Street, 136-138 Cumberland Street, and 140–142 Cumberland Street, in the inner-city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The terrace houses were built from 1888 to 1914, and they are also known as 130 Cumberland Street, 132–134 Cumberland Street, 136–138 Cumberland Street, Watson's Butchery, and 140–142 Cumberland Street. The properties are owned by NashCap, an Australian-based real estate private equity firm. The precinct and the terrace houses were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.

As of January 2019, 140–142 Cumberland Street operated as the Sydney Harbour Bed and Breakfast.

Australian Heritage Database
The Australian Heritage Database is a searchable online database of heritage sites in Australia. It is maintained by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment as of 2022, in consultation with Australian Heritage Council. There are more than 20,000 entries in the database, which includes natural, historic and Indigenous heritage places, held in separately maintained lists.
Wings Over Miami Air Museum
Wings Over Miami is a flying aviation museum of historically significant aircraft, located at Miami Executive Airport in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, 13 mi (21 km) southwest of the central business district of Miami.

Aviation museum
An aviation museum, air museum, or air and space museum is a museum exhibiting the history and artifacts of aviation. In addition to actual, replica or accurate reproduction aircraft, exhibits can include photographs, maps, models, dioramas, clothing and equipment used by aviators.
Glitrefonna Glacier
Glitrefonna Glacier (71°57′S 25°33′E﻿ / ﻿71.950°S 25.550°E﻿ / -71.950; 25.550) is a glacier at the north side of Mount Bergersen in the Sør Rondane Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named Glitrefonna (the glitter glacier).

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.