hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vreugd en Rust
Restaurant Vreugd en Rust is a defunct restaurant in Voorburg, Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1990 and retained that rating until 1993.

Part-owner and head chef Henk Savelberg. Together with some admirers he had set up a company that first exploited restaurant Seinpost and later Vreugd en Rust. In 1993 the company collapsed and Savelberg was bought out. The new head chef was Gert Jan Hageman.

New owner Henk Savelberg closed the restaurant in 1995 and renovated the mansion. In 1997 he reopened it as restaurant-hotel Savelberg.

The building is located beside the  park  Vreugd en Rust  in Leidschendam-Voorburg.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
Pobuzke
Pobuzke (Ukrainian: Побузьке; Russian: Побугское) is a rural settlement in Holovanivsk Raion of Kirovohrad Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the left bank of the Southern Bug (hence the name), at the border with Mykolaiv Oblast. Pobuzke hosts the administration of Pobuzke settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It had an estimated population of 5,694 (2022 estimate) in 2022.

Until 26 January 2024, Pobuzke was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Pobuzke became a rural settlement.

Kirovohrad Oblast
Kirovohrad Oblast (Ukrainian: Кіровоградська область, romanized: Kirovohradska oblast), also known as Kirovohradshchyna (Ukrainian: Кіровоградщина), is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kropyvnytskyi. The oblast's population is 903,712 (2022 estimate). It is Ukraine's second least populated oblast, ahead of Chernivtsi.

In 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine approved the change of the oblast's name to Kropyvnytskyi Oblast (Ukrainian: Кропивницька область, romanized: Kropyvnytska oblast, unofficially Kropyvnychchyna (Ukrainian: Кропивниччина)). The change is not yet implemented. The largest cities of the region are Kropyvnytskyi, Oleksandriia, Znamianka and Svitlovodsk.
Taglish
Taglish or Englog is code-switching and/or code-mixing in the use of Tagalog and English, the most common languages of the Philippines. The words Taglish and Englog are portmanteaus of the words Tagalog and English. The earliest use of the word Taglish dates back to 1973, while the less common form Tanglish is recorded from 1999.

Taglish is widely used in the Philippines, but is also used by Filipinos in overseas communities. It also has several variants, including Coño English, Jejemon and Swardspeak.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
Church of Humanity (comics)
The Church of Humanity is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is an anti-mutant, Christian-based religious sect. The group was created by Joe Casey and first appeared in Uncanny X-Men (2001). Uncanny X-Men writer Chuck Austen featured the group in a controversial storyline in which they brainwashed Nightcrawler in a plot to overthrow the Catholic Church.

Joe Casey
Joe Casey is an American comic book writer. He has worked on titles such as Wildcats 3.0, Uncanny X-Men, The Intimates, Adventures of Superman, and G.I. Joe: America's Elite among others. As part of the comics creator group Man of Action Studios, Casey is one of the creators of the animated series Ben 10.
Elbert Eatmon
Elbert "Lefty" Eatmon (August 3, 1914 – February 9, 1998) was an American professional baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues. He played with the Birmingham Black Barons in 1937 and 1938.

The Quad-City Times called Eatmon the "foremost southpaw" in the Negro American League in 1938.

Negro American League
The Negro American League was one of the several Negro leagues created during the time organized American baseball was segregated. The league was established in 1937, and disbanded after its 1962 season.
Turtle Creek Township, Todd County, Minnesota
Turtle Creek Township is a township in Todd County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 323 at the 2000 census and was 270 at the time of the 2020 census.

Turtle Creek Township was organized in 1890. Turtle Lake is in the northwest corner of the township and Turtle Creek, a tributary to the Long Prairie River, flows along its western border.

Long Prairie River
The Long Prairie River is a tributary of the Crow Wing River, 96 miles (154 km) long, in central Minnesota in the United States. Via the Crow Wing River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 892 square miles (2,310 km2) in a generally rural region.
River Lochy (Glen Lochy)
The River Lochy flows west through Glen Lochy from Loch Bhe to the River Orchy and hence Lochawe in the West Highlands of Scotland.

The A85 road parallels the river for much of its length, as does the West Highland Line from Crianlarich to Dalmally.

Dalmally railway station
Dalmally railway station is a railway station serving the village of Dalmally, near Loch Awe in Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway. It is sited 46 miles 76 chains (75.6 km) from Callander via Glen Ogle, between Tyndrum Lower and Loch Awe. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services.
Ceutorhynchus americanus
Ceutorhynchus americanus is a species of true weevils in the tribe Ceutorhynchini. It is found in Alaska, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada. It feeds on the stems of Raphanus raphanistrum.

Feeding habits and host plants

Seeing as Raphanus species are not native in the same distribution as the listed C. americanus' native distribution one can assume this species' main host plant isn't Raphanus sp. but merely able to generally browse on Raphanus sp. It has also been observed by amateur observers on garlic mustard, fawn lily,  and day lily. More studies are needed to learn the feeding habits of this species. Though species in this genus have been looked at as a biological control against Garlic mustard in the past.

Raphanus raphanistrum
Raphanus raphanistrum, also known as wild radish, white charlock or jointed charlock, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. The species is native to western Asia, Europe and parts of Northern Africa. It has been introduced into most parts of the world and is regarded as a habitat threatening invasive species in many areas, for example, Australia. It spreads rapidly and is often found growing on roadsides or in other places where the ground has been disturbed. The cultivated radish, widely used as a root vegetable, is sometimes considered to be one of its subspecies as Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus.
Émile (novel)
Émile, Fragmens is an 1827 autobiographical novel by Émile de Girardin, based on Girardin's early life. A second edition was published in 1842.

The novel emphasizes the unjust social isolation of illegitimate children, exaggerating some of the details of Giardin's own experience as the bastard of the Count of Girardin. The titular character Émile is unable to find a place among the aristocracy or among the working class; after a series of rejections, he is placed in a mental hospital, and at his death is buried in a common grave. A recurring character in the novel is Mathilde, an object of romance for the protagonist; when Girardin later married Delphine Gay, she published an elegy from Mathilde's point of view.

The novel was highly praised by Jules Janin in his newspaper Le Figaro, and was described as receiving "a merited success" ("un succès mérité"). The positive reception of the novel launched Girardin's social reputation, earning him entry to fashionable literary salons.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
Oulton, West Yorkshire
Oulton /ˈuːltən/ is a village in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, West Yorkshire, England, between Leeds and Wakefield.  It is at the junction of the A639 and A642 roads.  Though now adjoining the village of Woodlesford, it was once quite separate.

The village formed part of the Rothwell Urban District until its merger into the City of Leeds Metropolitan District in 1974. Today, it sits in the Rothwell ward of Leeds City Council. It is also in the Wakefield and Rothwell parliamentary constituency.

Oulton Hall was built in 1850 and is now a hotel and conference centre.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Cromer, South Australia
Cromer is a locality in the Adelaide Hills of South Australia. It spans the boundary between the Adelaide Hills Council and the Barossa Council northwest of Mount Pleasant and includes the Cromer Conservation Park.

Early farmers in the area included the Hannaford family. Cromer was the scene of an alluvial gold rush in 1870 at a site named Bonney's Flat on Hannaford Creek. (Bonney Flat Creek is 30 km away, west of Balhannah).

The school opened as "Para Wirra" in 1898. It was renamed Cromer in 1899 and closed in 1950. The post office opened in 1910 and closed in 1944.

Adelaide Hills
The Adelaide Hills region is located in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. The largest town in the area, Mount Barker, is one of Australia's fastest-growing towns. Before British colonisation of South Australia, the area was inhabited by the Peramangk people.

The Adelaide Hills wine region comprises areas of the Adelaide Hills above 300 m (980 ft).
Bucyrus MT6300AC
The Bucyrus MT6300AC is an off-highway, ultra class, two-axle, diesel/AC electric powertrain haul truck designed and manufactured by Bucyrus International Inc. in the United States. The MT6300AC is Bucyrus' largest, highest payload capacity haul truck, offering one of the largest haul truck payload capacities in the world, up to 400 short tons (363 t). The closest analogs are Liebherr T 282B, Caterpillar 797F, which can carry the same weight, and BelAZ 75710 with 450 tons payload capacity.

On February 19, 2010, the Terex Unit Rig MT6300AC was re-branded as the Bucyrus MT6300AC when Bucyrus International Inc. acquired the mining equipment division of Terex Corporation.

On July 8, 2011, Bucyrus became a division of Caterpillar.  The Bucyrus AC line became known as Caterpillar's UnitRig line.

Axle
An axle or axletree is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case, bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported.  In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle.  Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type of axle is referred to as a spindle.
Norwegian Wikipedias
Norwegian Wikipedia (Norwegian: Norsk Wikipedia) is the Norwegian-language Wikipedia. There are two Norwegian language editions of Wikipedia: one for articles written in Bokmål (or Riksmål), and one for articles written in Nynorsk (or Høgnorsk). There are currently 670,558 articles on the Norwegian Wikipedia edition in Bokmål/Riksmål, and 177,182 articles on the Nynorsk edition.

Finnish Wikipedia
The Finnish Wikipedia (Finnish: Suomenkielinen Wikipedia) is the edition of Wikipedia in the Finnish language. With 613,452 articles, it is currently the 27th-largest Wikipedia and the largest Wikipedia in a Uralic language. Wikipedia is the only encyclopedia in Finnish which is still updated.

The Finnish language project was started on 9 September 2002, but it remained at a very primitive stage until well into 2003. The speed of development picked up somewhat after the MediaWiki software was upgraded to Phase III in late November 2003, and continued to increase steadily through 2004.

In 2013, the reliability of the Finnish Wikipedia was investigated by the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat. The researchers used experts to evaluate quality of randomly selected 134 articles and found that 70% of the articles scored well for accuracy.
1929 Manchester City Council election
Elections to Manchester City Council were held on Friday, 1 November 1929. One third of the councillors seats were up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a three-year term of office. The council remained under no overall control.

Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local authority for the city of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Manchester has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It is based at Manchester Town Hall.
Erewash Borough Council elections
Erewash Borough Council elections are held every four years. Erewash Borough Council is the local authority for the non-metropolitan district of Erewash in Derbyshire, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2015, 47 councillors are elected from 19 wards.

Borough of Erewash
Erewash (/ˈɛrəwɒʃ/ ⓘ) is a local government district with borough status in Derbyshire, England. The borough is named after the River Erewash. The council has offices in both the borough's towns of Ilkeston and Long Eaton. The borough also includes several villages and surrounding rural areas. Some of the built-up areas in the east of the borough form part of the Nottingham Urban Area.

Erewash Borough has military affiliations with 814 Naval Air Squadron Fleet Air Arm based at Royal Naval Air Station (RNAS) Culdrose and the Mercian Regiment of the British Army, as the successors to the local infantry regiment the Sherwood Foresters.

The neighbouring districts are South Derbyshire, Derby, Amber Valley, Broxtowe, Rushcliffe and North West Leicestershire.
Paquier Event
The Paquier Event (OAE1b) was an oceanic anoxic event (OAE) that occurred around 111 million years ago (Ma), in the Albian geologic stage, during a climatic interval of Earth's history known as the Middle Cretaceous Hothouse (MKH).

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
New York State Route 14A
New York State Route 14A (NY 14A) is a north–south state highway located in the Finger Lakes region of New York in the United States. It extends for 35.99 miles (57.92 km) from an interchange with NY 14 in the Schuyler County town of Reading to an intersection with U.S. Route 20 (US 20) and NY 5 west of the Ontario County city of Geneva. In between, the two-lane route serves Yates County and the village of Penn Yan, located at the northeastern tip of Keuka Lake. Outside of Penn Yan, NY 14A traverses rural, rolling terrain dominated by farmland.

The route runs parallel to and west of NY 14 for its entire route between the Watkins Glen and Geneva areas. During the 1920s, NY 14A was part of NY 14, which originally served Dundee and Penn Yan on its way from Watkins Glen to Geneva. NY 14 was moved onto its current routing alongside Seneca Lake as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, at which time the old inland alignment became NY 14A.

Finger Lakes
The Finger Lakes are a group of eleven long, narrow, roughly north–south lakes located in an area called the Finger Lakes region in New York, in the United States. This region straddles the northern and transitional edge of the Northern Allegheny Plateau, known as the Finger Lakes Uplands and Gorges ecoregion, and the Ontario Lowlands ecoregion of the Great Lakes Lowlands.

The geological term finger lake refers to a long, narrow lake in an overdeepened glacial valley, while the proper name Finger Lakes goes back to the late 19th century. Cayuga and Seneca Lakes are among the deepest in the United States, measuring 435 and 618 feet (133 and 188 m), respectively, with bottoms well below sea level. Though none of the lakes' widths exceed 3.5 miles (5.6 km), Seneca Lake is 38.1 miles (61.3 km) long, and at 66.9 square miles (173 km2) is the largest in total area.
Igor Pak
Igor Pak (Russian: Игорь Пак) (born 1971, Moscow, Soviet Union) is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles, working in combinatorics and discrete probability. He formerly taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Minnesota, and he is best known for his bijective proof of the hook-length formula for the number of Young tableaux, and his work on random walks. He was a keynote speaker alongside George Andrews and Doron Zeilberger at the 2006 Harvey Mudd College Mathematics Conference on Enumerative Combinatorics.

Pak is an associate editor for the journal Discrete Mathematics. He gave a Fejes Tóth Lecture at the University of Calgary in February 2009.

In 2018, he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rio de Janeiro.

Discrete Mathematics (journal)
Discrete Mathematics is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the broad area of discrete mathematics, combinatorics, graph theory, and their applications. It was established in 1971 and is published by North-Holland Publishing Company. It publishes both short notes, full length contributions, as well as survey articles. In addition, the journal publishes a number of special issues each year dedicated to a particular topic. Although originally it published articles in French and German, it now allows only English language articles. The editor-in-chief is Douglas West (University of Illinois, Urbana).
Gross, Florida
Gross is an unincorporated community in Nassau County, Florida, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 17 in the north of the county, and is also the northernmost interchange (Exit 380) along Interstate 95 within the U.S. state of Florida. Being an unincorporated community, the addresses of all buildings in Gross are labeled as belonging to Yulee, the nearest in-state city located 7.1 mi (11.4 km) southeast. Few buildings and businesses reside in the community modern day, but include a bar, landscaping business, and campground.

Interstate 95 in Florida
Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main Interstate Highway of Florida's Atlantic Coast. It begins at a partial interchange with US Highway 1 (US 1) just south of downtown Miami and heads north through Jacksonville, and to the Georgia state line at the St. Marys River near Becker. The route also passes through the cities of Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Port St. Lucie, Titusville, and Daytona Beach.

I-95 runs for 382 miles (615 km), making Florida's portion the longest of any state the Interstate passes through. The first 12.848 miles (20.677 km), from exits 1 to 12, has an internal unsigned designation as State Road 9A (SR 9A), while the remainder of the route up to the Georgia state line is the unsigned portion of SR 9.
Jim Cain (tackle)
Jim Cain (born 1939) is a former Grey Cup champion Canadian Football League offensive lineman.

Cain was a graduate of the University of Detroit, returning to Canada to play for the Ottawa Rough Riders. A dependable player, who never missed a game in his 9 years, he finished his career with back-to-back Grey Cup championships.

His cousin was Brian Smith of Ottawa, a former National Hockey League goalie and popular sportscaster who was murdered in 1995.

Brian Smith (ice hockey, born 1940)
Brian Desmond Smith (September 6, 1940 – August 2, 1995) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and sportscaster. Smith was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of former professional ice hockey player Des Smith and brother of former professional ice hockey goaltender Gary Smith. Smith was a professional ice hockey player from 1960 to 1973, playing 67 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Los Angeles Kings and Minnesota North Stars during the 1967–68 and 1968–69 seasons. He also later played for the Houston Aeros of the World Hockey Association during the 1972–73 season. Following his hockey career, Smith was a broadcaster for CJOH-TV in Ottawa until 1995, when he was shot and killed by gunman Jeffrey Arenburg.