hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fret
A fret is any of the thin strips of material, usually metal wire, inserted laterally at specific positions along the neck or fretboard of a stringed instrument. Frets usually extend across the full width of the neck. On some historical instruments and non-European instruments, frets are made of pieces of string tied around the neck.

Frets divide the neck into fixed segments at intervals related to a musical framework. On instruments such as guitars, each fret represents one semitone in the standard western system, in which one octave is divided into twelve semitones.

Fret is often used as a verb, meaning simply "to press down the string behind a fret". Fretting often refers to the frets and/or their system of placement.

Turkish makam
The Turkish makam (Turkish: makam pl. makamlar; from the Arabic word maqām مقام) is a system of melody types used in Turkish classical music and Turkish folk music. It provides a complex set of rules for composing and performance.  Each makam specifies a unique intervalic structure (cinsler meaning genera) and melodic development (seyir). Whether a fixed composition (beste, şarkı, peşrev, âyin, etc.) or a spontaneous composition (gazel, taksim, recitation of Kuran-ı Kerim, Mevlid, etc.), all attempt to follow the melody type. The rhythmic counterpart of makam in Turkish music is usul.
Small nucleolar RNA Me18S-Gm1358
In molecular biology, the Small nucleolar RNA Me18S-Gm1358 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Me18S-Gm1358 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. It is predicted that this family directs 2'-O-methylation of 18S G-1358.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front
The Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front (ARIF) was a Rohingya insurgent group active in Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma). The group was made up of Rohingya fighters led by Nurul Islam. The group was created after uniting the remnants of the Rohingya Patriotic Front (RPF) and a defecting faction of the Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO) that was under the command of Nurul Islam.

On 28 October 1998, the ARIF merged with RSO and formed the Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO), operating in-exile in Cox's Bazar. The Rohingya National Army (RNA) was established as its armed wing.

It was responsible for a bomb attack on a military target in Maungdaw, Rakhine State, on 10 November 1991. It killed eight people.

Maungdaw
Maungdaw (Burmese: မောင်တောမြို့, MLCTS: maung:tau mrui., pronounced [máʊɰ̃dɔ́ mjo̰]) is a town in Rakhine State, in the western part of Myanmar (Burma). It is the administrative seat of Maungdaw Township and Maungdaw District. Bordering Bangladesh, Maungdaw is home to one of 2 official border trade posts with Bangladesh. This post is called Maungdaw Port.

Maungdaw is 16 miles (26 km) west of Buthidaung. The two towns are separated by the Mayu Mountains and are connected by two tunnels built in 1918. The district around Maungdaw is home to a large Rohingya population.
Charles Nurse
Charles Euston Nurse (12 June 1909 – 14 October 1981) was Archdeacon of Carlisle and a Residentiary Canon at Carlisle Cathedral from 1958 until 1970 and 1973 respectively.

He was educated at Windermere Grammar School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; and ordained in 1933. After a curacy at Holy Trinity, Carlisle he served incumbencies in Whitehaven, Barrow-in-Furness and Dalton before his Carlisle appointments.

Carlisle Cathedral
Carlisle Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in Carlisle, is a Grade I listed Anglican cathedral in the city of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. It was founded as an Augustinian priory and became a cathedral in 1133. It is also the seat of the Bishop of Carlisle.

Carlisle is the second smallest of England's ancient cathedrals. Its notable features include figurative stone carving, a set of medieval choir stalls and the largest window in the Flowing Decorated Gothic style in England.
Elena Rafti
Elena Rafti is the Cypriot Ambassador to Austria.  She presented her credentials on 7 July 2018.  On 17 August 2018 she presented her credentials for the position of the International Anti-Corruption Academy.  She has also served, at the same time, as the non-resident Ambassador to Slovenia and is the Cypriot Ambassador/permanent representative to the permanent mission to the United Nations in Vienna.

International Anti-Corruption Academy
The International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA) is an international intergovernmental organization based in Laxenburg, Austria, that teaches government officials and professionals about anti-corruption measures. Membership to the organization is open to UN-member states and intergovernmental organizations, without a mandatory membership fee.
Eparchy of Sofia (Bulgarian Greek Catholic)
The Bulgarian Catholic Eparchy of Saint John XXIII of Sofia is an eparchy of the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church which is a sui iuris ("autonomous") Eastern Catholic church based in Bulgaria. As a particular church of the Catholic Church, it is in full communion with the Holy See. The Church is organised as a single eparchy (equivalent to a diocese in the Latin Church). Its liturgical usage is that of the Byzantine Rite in the Bulgarian language. It was elevated from an Apostolic Exarchate to a full eparchy by Pope Francis on 12 October 2019. The cathedral church of the eparchy is the Cathedral of the Dormition (Катедрала Успение Богородично Катедрала Успение Богородично), in Bulgaria's capital Sofia.

Sui iuris
In Catholic canon law and secular law, sui iuris (/ˈsuːaɪ ˈdʒʊərɪs/), also spelled sui juris, refers to legal self-rule. The term church sui iuris is used in the Catholic Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO) to denote the autonomous churches in Catholic communion.
Marie Borge Refsum
Marie Borge Refsum (20 March 1927 – 16 February 2023) was a Norwegian politician, who served as a member of the Conservative Party.

Refsum served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus during the term 1973–1977.

On the local level, she was a member of the executive committee of Asker municipal council, having been elected in the so-called "women's coup" where four women (Tove Billington Bye, Berit Ås, Marie Borge Refsum and Kari Bjerke Andreassen) led a successful campaign to get women elected to the municipal council.

Refsum died on 16 February 2023, at the age of 95. Among her grandchildren are the political scientist Francesca R. Jensenius and music technologist Alexander Refsum Jensenius.

Asker Municipality (1838–2020)
Asker (Norwegian: Asker), also called Asker proper (Askerbygda or gamle Asker in Norwegian), is a district and former municipality in Akershus, Norway, located approximately 20km southwest of Oslo. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker (also known as Greater Asker) together with the traditional Buskerud districts Røyken and Hurum; Asker constitutes the northern fourth and is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative center was the town of Asker, which remains so for the new larger municipality. Asker was established as a parish in the Middle Ages and as a municipality on 1 January 1838.
Rosette Kajungu Mutambi
Rosette Kajungu Mutambi (born 26 October 1964) is a Ugandan professional social worker and journalist, a politician and legislator who represented the people of Mbarara district as district woman representative in the Parliament of Uganda. She is a member of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) party, the party in political leadership in Uganda under the chairmanship of Yoweri Kaguta Museveni president of the republic of Uganda.

Ugandan English
Ugandan English, also colloquially referred to as Uglish (/ˈjuːɡlɪʃ/ YOO-glish), is the variety of English spoken in Uganda. Aside from Uglish (first recorded in 2012), other colloquial portmanteau words are Uganglish (recorded from 2006) and Ugandlish (2010).
Tum Se Kehna Tha
Tum Se Kehna Tha (Urdu: تم سے کہنا تھا, lit. 'I needed to tell you') is a 2020 Pakistani television romantic drama series co-produced by Momina Duraid under the banner of MD Productions. It features Kinza Hashmi, Azfar Rehman and Areej Mohyudin in leading roles with Raeed Muhammad Alam, Laila Zuberi, Nadia Afgan and Munazzah Arif in the supporting cast. It first aired on Hum TV on 24 November 2020.

Hum TV
Hum TV HD is a 24-hour Urdu general entertainment TV channel based in Karachi, Pakistan. It was founded by Sultana Siddiqui and Duraid Qureshi in 2005.

It is owned by Hum Network Limited and traded on the Pakistan Stock Exchange as (HUMNL).

Hum Network Limited was known as Eye Television Network Limited prior to 21 January 2011. Hum TV began its transmission on 17 January 2005. In March 2013, Hum Network held its first Hum Awards ceremony. As of 1 May 2018, Hum TV shut down its SD feed and shifted to HD resolution in Pakistan.

Hum TV is one of Pakistan's biggest entertainment networks and regularly is in the  top ranks and maintains a loyal fanbase on social media in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and streaming platforms, as well as on television.
Concussions in rugby union
Concussions in professional rugby union are the most common injury received. Concussion can occur where an individual experiences an impact to the head, and are also notable in high-contact sports, including American football, boxing, MMA and Hockey. Concussions can occur in recreational activities like horse riding, jumping, cycling, and skiing as a result of forceful rotational moment, resulting in injuries to the brain due to the contact with the skull, giving the skull not enough time to move with the body, causing the brain to press against the skull. With the development of equipment and training methods, further education on identifying concussion symptoms, as well as adjustments to the terms of contact may allow players to make more informed decisions on their conduct on the pitch.

Jumping
Jumping or leaping is a form of locomotion or movement in which an organism or non-living (e.g., robotic) mechanical system propels itself through the air along a ballistic trajectory. Jumping can be distinguished from running, galloping and other gaits where the entire body is temporarily airborne by the relatively long duration of the aerial phase and high angle of initial launch.

Some animals, such as the kangaroo, employ jumping (commonly called hopping in this instance) as their primary form of an locomotion, while others, such as frogs, use it only as a means to escape predators. Jumping is also a key feature of various activities and sports, including the long jump, high jump and show jumping.
A Battle of One Voice: 300
A Battle of One Voice: 300 (Korean: 하나의 목소리 전쟁: 300; lit. One Voice War: 300) is a South Korean television program that aired on tvN. It is hosted by Kang Ho-dong.

Season 1 aired on Fridays at 19:40 (KST), from August 31, 2018 to September 28, 2018.

Season 2, titled 300 X2 (300 엑스투), aired from May 3, 2019 to June 21, 2019 on Fridays at 19:40 (KST). For the season, Boom and Shindong (Super Junior) has joined the show's cast as "Singalong Fairies".

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
Matarakau Point
Matarakau Point is a headland on the north coast, and 13 km from the easternmost point, of the main Chatham Island in the Chatham Islands group of New Zealand.  It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports breeding colonies of the critically endangered Chatham and endangered Pitt shags.

Pitt shag
The Pitt shag (Phalacrocorax featherstoni), also known as the Pitt Island shag or Featherstone's shag, is a species of bird in the family Phalacrocoracidae. It is endemic to Pitt Island where its natural habitats are open seas and rocky shores. The bird with the color of a dark body, gray chest, yellow eyes and feet can be found in small groups in their breeding habitat or alone within 18 km from their territory searching for food. The species was close to extinction in 1905 but actions of conservation have been done ever since. The Pitt shag is threatened by habitat loss due to predation and climate change causing a decline from 1997 to 2012, but there is a recovery plan by the Department of Conservation.
United College, Waterloo
43°28′04″N 80°32′47″W﻿ / ﻿43.46778°N 80.54639°W﻿ / 43.46778; -80.54639

United College is a university college affiliated with the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The college, previously known as St. Paul's United College and St. Paul's University College, contributes to the University of Waterloo by offering academic programming as well as accommodation for both graduate and undergraduate students. The college also is the site of co-curricular programming for University of Waterloo students such as GreenHouse, the Waterloo Indigenous Student Centre, and the Student Refugee Program.

University college
In a number of countries, a university college is a college institution that provides tertiary education but does not have full or independent university status. A university college is often part of a larger university. The precise usage varies from country to country.
Several institutions worldwide take this name (see: list of university colleges).
FC Dinaz Vyshhorod
FC Dinaz Vyshhorod (Ukrainian: ФК «Діназ» Вишгород) is a Ukrainian professional club from Vyshhorod which plays in Ukrainian First League. Prior to entering professional football, the club was competing in the regional competitions of Kyiv Oblast and Ukrainian amateur competitions.

Its home stadium is located in the village of Lyutizh and has a capacity of 1,000 spectators. Its training stadium is located in Demydiv and holds up to 380 visitors.

Demydiv, Kyiv Oblast
Demydiv (Ukrainian: Демидів; Russian: Демидов) is a village in Vyshhorod Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Dymer settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Demydiv lies on the western bank of the Irpin River, north of Kyiv. It is one of the oldest villages in Ukraine, founded in 1026.

Until the building of the Irpin's Kozarovychi Dam in 1960, the landscape of Demydiv was largely swamp and marshland.

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was flooded by breaking the dam on 25 February 2022 to hinder Russian advances towards Kyiv.
Dennis Gorsline
Dennis Gorsline (born April 9, 1943) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach at the Martin Luther College in New Ulm, Minnesota. He began his tenure in 1972 when he resurrected the program after it had been shut down in 1937 and ended when he retired from full-time coaching in 2003.

New Ulm, Minnesota
New Ulm (/ˈnjuː ˈʌlm/ ⓘ NEW ULM) is a city and the county seat of Brown County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,120 at the 2020 census. New Ulm is on the triangle of land formed by the confluence of the Minnesota River and the Cottonwood River.

New Ulm is home to the Hermann Heights Monument, Flandrau State Park, the historic August Schell Brewing Company, and the Minnesota Music Hall of Fame. The city is known for its German heritage and its historical sites and landmarks dating to the US-Dakota War of 1862.

New Ulm is the episcopal see of the Diocese of New Ulm and home to the Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus. The Dakota called New Ulm the "Village on the Cottonwood" or Wachupata.
Ravi Iyengar
Ravi Iyengar, is a principal investigator at The Mount Sinai Medical Center.

Trained as a biochemist, Iyengar studies cellular signaling networks using both experiments and computer simulations. His laboratory focuses on how cell signals are routed and processed through cellular signaling networks within cells to discover new drug targets for complex diseases. He has published more than 100 primary papers, 92 reviews and is the editor of 6 books.

Principal investigator
In many countries, the term principal investigator (PI) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the laboratory" or "research group leader". While the expression is common in the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research project.

A co-investigator (Co-I) assists the principal investigator in the management and leadership of the research project. There may be a number of co-investigators supporting a PI.
Sailung Zorinliana
S Zorinliana (born 28 November 1974) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 28 September 2018, for Mizoram in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his first-class debut on 20 November 2018, for Mizoram in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy. He was the captain of Mizoram for the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy.

2018–19 Ranji Trophy
The 2018–19 Ranji Trophy was the 85th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament that took place in India between November 2018 and February 2019. Vidarbha were the defending champions. The final took place between Vidarbha and Saurashtra, starting on 3 February 2019. Vidarbha defeated Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final, to become the sixth team in the tournament's history to retain their title.
Fiddlehead
Fiddleheads or fiddlehead greens are the furled fronds from a fledgling fern, harvested for use as a vegetable.

Left on the plant, each fiddlehead would unroll into a new frond (circinate vernation). As fiddleheads are harvested early in the season, before the frond has opened and reached its full height, they are cut fairly close to the ground.

Fiddleheads from brackens contain ptaquiloside, a compound associated with bracken toxicity, and thiaminase. Not all species contain ptaquiloside, such as Diplazium esculentum, a fern with fiddleheads regularly consumed in parts of East Asia, which differs from bracken (Pteridium aquilinum).

The fiddlehead resembles the curled ornamentation (called a scroll) on the end of a stringed instrument, such as a fiddle. It is also called a crozier, after the curved staff used by bishops, which has its origins in the shepherd's crook.

Ptaquiloside
Ptaquiloside is a norsesquiterpene glucoside produced by bracken ferns (majorly Pteridium aquilinum) during metabolism. It is identified to be the main carcinogen of the ferns and to be responsible for their biological effects, such as haemorrhagic disease and bright blindness in livestock and oesophageal, gastric cancer in humans. Ptaquiloside has an unstable chemical structure and acts as a DNA alkylating agent under physiological conditions. It was first isolated and characterized by Yamada and co-workers in 1983.

The pure form ptaquiloside is a colorless amorphous compound. It is readily soluble in water and fairly soluble in ethyl acetate. Except in the plants, ptaquiloside has been detected in the milk and meat of affected livestock, as well as in the underground water and dry soil around bracken fern vegetation. The prevalence of ptaquiloside in daily sources along with its carcinogenic effects make it an increasing biological hazard in modern days.
Diocese of Campo Maior
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Campo Maior (Latin: Dioecesis Campi Maioris) is a Latin suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Teresina, in northeastern Brazil's Piauí state.

Its cathedral episcopal see is Catedral Santo Antônio, dedicated to Saint Anthony, in the city of Campo Maior, Piauí.

Piauí
Piauí (/pjaʊˈiː/, pyow-EE; pronounced [pi.aˈwi] or [pjaˈwi] ⓘ) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the country's Northeast Region. The state has 1.6% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.7% of the Brazilian GDP.

Piauí has the shortest coastline of any coastal Brazilian state at 66 km (41 mi), and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the northeast to be located inland. The reason for this is, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí was first colonised inland and slowly expanded towards the ocean, rather than the other way around. In the southeast of the state, the National Park of Serra da Capivara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park has more than 400 archaeological sites and the largest concentration of rock paintings in the world, in a landscape dominated by canyons and caatinga.
Guy Manoukian
Guy Manoukian (Arabic: غي مانوكيان, Western Armenian Կի Մանուկեան, Armenian: Գի Մանուկյան) (born in Beirut, Lebanon in 1976) is a Lebanese-Armenian musician, composer, and pianist. He is a university graduate in law in Lebanon. He was also a basketball player in the Lebanese Basketball League for Homenetmen Beirut basketball club, and after retirement, ran the club's basketball programme as a player.

Lebanese Americans
Lebanese Americans (Arabic: أميركيون لبنانيون, romanized: Amrīkiyyūn Lubnāniyyūn) are Americans of Lebanese descent. This includes both native-born Americans and immigrants from Lebanon.

Lebanese Americans comprise 0.79% of the American population, as of the American Community Survey estimations for year 2007, and 32.4% of all Americans who originate from the Middle East. Lebanese Americans have had significant participation in American politics and involvement in both social and political activism.  The diversity within the region sprouted from the diaspora of the surrounding countries. There are more Lebanese outside Lebanon today than within.