hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Purus Arch
The Purus Arch (Portuguese: Arco do Purus) is a basement high in Brazil that makes up the modern western boundary of the Amazon sedimentary basin. The Purus Arch is thought to be a former graben of Middle Proterozoic age that was inversed in the Late Proterozoic.

Although not obviously noticeable, today the Purus Arch crosses the Amazon River near the mouth of the Purus River. Following the water breach of the arch about 8–10 million years ago, the western (cf. Pebas Mega-wetland) and eastern parts of the present-day Amazon basin became a unified system, which played an important role in the biogeography of many aquatic organisms in the region.

Pebas Formation
The Pebas Formation is a lithostratigraphic unit of Miocene age, found in western Amazonia. The formation extends over 1,000,000 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi), including parts of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. It is interpreted as representing the deposits of a lake ("Lake Pebas") or series of lakes, formed within the foreland basin of the Andes mountain belt. It is known for its abundant fossil ostracods and molluscs and an unusually diverse group of crocodylians.
Courson
Courson (French pronunciation: [kuʁsɔ̃] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On January 1, 2017, it was merged into the new commune Noues de Sienne.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
The Singapore Economic Review
The Singapore Economic Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by World Scientific. The journal was established in 1956 as the Malayan Economic Review, obtaining its current name in 1969. It is  the official journal of the Economic Society of Singapore. The journal covers economics in general, with an emphasis on economic issues in Asia. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.315.

The journal is published by the World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd. The SER covers a wide range of topics related to the economy, including macroeconomics, international trade, labor economics, and financial economics. The journal is published quarterly and is considered an important source of information and analysis on the Singaporean economy for researchers, policymakers, and other professionals.

World Scientific
World Scientific Publishing is an academic publisher of scientific, technical, and medical books and journals headquartered in Singapore. The company was founded in 1981. It publishes about 600 books annually, with more than 170 journals in various fields. In 1995, World Scientific co-founded the London-based Imperial College Press together with the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine.
Cellach Ó Cellaigh
Cellach Ó Cellaigh, Chief of the Sept, fl. late 16th century.

Cellach was a native of Aughrim, County Galway, and head of his branch of the Ó Cellaigh clan of Ui Maine. He was gr-gr-gr-gr-gr-gr-gr-gr grandson of Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Cellaigh, who was king in 1180.

His father, Domnall mac Aodh Ó Cellaigh, was married to Catherine Burke, a daughter of Ulick Finn of Clanricarde. Domnall's mother was Catherine Burke, daughter of Myler of Shrule. Cellach's great-grandfather, William mac Melaghlin Ó Cellaigh, was the first of the family to be associated with Aughrim.

He was married to Julia Ní Cellaigh, daughter of Tadg Dubh of Gallagh. Among their children were Feardorcha (died after 1611) and Hugh. Feardorcha Ó Cellaigh was the 79th and last king of Uí Maine and 43rd Chief of the Name. His descendants include the Counts and Countesses O'Kelly de Grallagh.

Aughrim, County Galway
Aughrim (Irish: Eachroim, meaning 'horse ridge') is a small village in County Galway, Ireland. It is located between the towns of Loughrea and Ballinasloe, along the old N6 national primary road (now listed as the R446 regional road) that used to be the main road between Galway and Dublin. According to the Irish census of 2011, the division had a population of 595. The village is in a civil parish of the same name.

It was in Aughrim that the Marquis de St Ruth prepared the Irish Catholic Jacobite troops for the Battle of Aughrim, which was fought during the Williamite war in Ireland on 12 July 1691. Two ringforts located to the south (in Attidermot townland) are a National Monument.
Treubia
Treubia is a genus of liverworts in the family Treubiaceae.  There are seven species, all of which are restricted to the southern hemisphere. Five of the species occur in Australasia and the other (Treubia scapanioides) occurs in Chile.  All species are dioicous, with separate male and female gametophytes.

Gametophyte
A gametophyte (/ɡəˈmiːtəfaɪt/) is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore, that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which has a double set of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte. The sporophyte can produce haploid spores by meiosis that on germination produce a new generation of gametophytes.
Robert B. Sanderson
Robert Bland Sanderson (February 25, 1825 – June 18, 1887) was an American businessman, farmer, rancher and politician from Columbia County, Wisconsin who represented part or all of Columbia County in the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate at various times in the 1860s, before moving to Texas and becoming a prominent businessman in Tom Green County.

Columbia County, Wisconsin
Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,490. Its county seat and largest city is Portage. The county was created in 1846 as part of Wisconsin Territory. Columbia County is part of the Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Madison-Janesville-Beloit, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Del Doc & Mac
Del Doc & Mac (the cover actually prints the names and photos in a somewhat convoluted manner, hence most discographies use the alphabetical listing) is the title of a recording by American folk music artists Doc Watson, Del McCoury and Mac Wiseman, released in 1998.

Doc Watson
Arthel Lane "Doc" Watson (March 3, 1923 – May 29, 2012) was an American guitarist, songwriter, and singer of bluegrass, folk, country, blues, and gospel music. He won seven Grammy awards as well as a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. His fingerpicking and flatpicking skills, as well as his knowledge of traditional American music, were highly regarded. Blind from a young age, he performed publicly both in a dance band and solo, as well as for over 15 years with his son, guitarist Merle Watson, until Merle's death in 1985 in an accident on the family farm.
Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari
Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari (Luri/Persian: بی‌بی مریم بختیاری; 1874 – 1937) was an Iranian Lor Bakhtiari revolutionary and activist of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.
As a military commander, she played a distinguished role when Bakhtiari forces, with the help of modern arms from the German Empire, successfully captured Tehran in 1909 as part of the revolutionary campaign to force the central government to establish democratic reforms.

Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari, a woman of the Constitutional era and the First World War, was the first Iranian woman—and the only woman in the world—to receive the highest German military decoration (the enameled and diamond-studded effigy and the Iron Cross) by order of Wilhelm II, in recognition of her protection of the life of the German chargé d'affaires during the First World War.

Luri language
Luri  (Northern Luri: لری, Southern Luri: لری) is a Southwestern Iranian language continuum spoken by the Lurs, an Iranian people native to West Asia. The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian and are Central Luri, Bakhtiari, and Southern Luri. This language is spoken mainly by the Bakhtiari and the Northern and Southern Lurs (Lorestan, Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Mamasani, Sepidan, Bandar Ganaveh, Bandar Deylam) in Iran.
James Robertson (cricketer, born 1850)
James Robertson (10 November 1850 – 21 March 1927) was a Scottish cricketer.

Robertson was born in Wardieburn, Edinburgh and educated at Edinburgh Academy. He failed to win a blue at Oxford. He was a tall and athletically built Scot who was known for his Right-arm fast round-arm bowling, as well as his aggressive right-handed batting and good slip fielding.

He made his county debut for Middlesex aged 27 in 1878 (having made his first-class debut a year earlier for an England XI) and represented the county in 102 first-class matches until 1891. He took 6/22 on his Middlesex debut versus Surrey at Lord's. He took 289 wickets in his career at an average 22.03, with a personal best of 8/48 versus Nottinghamshire at Lord's in 1887.

Edinburgh Academy
The Edinburgh Academy is a private day school in Edinburgh, Scotland, which was opened in 1824. The original building, on Henderson Row in Stockbridge, is now part of the Senior School. The Junior School is on Arboretum Road to the north of the city's Royal Botanic Garden.

In the latter half of the twentieth century there were many cases of physical and sexual abuse of pupils by Edinburgh Academy staff; in 2023 the Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry investigated numerous reports by ex-pupils of historical abuse by several staff; the Academy later issued an acknowledgement and apology. Several surviving staff member were found guilty in criminal trials, or Examinations of Facts ("trials of the facts") for those unfit to plead.
The Holy Office (film)
The Holy Office (Spanish: El santo oficio) is a 1974 Mexican drama film directed and co-written by Arturo Ripstein. It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival and won the Silver Goddess for Best Film in 1974 awarded by the Mexican Cinema Journalists.

1974 Cannes Film Festival
The 27th Cannes Film Festival took place from 9 to 24 May 1974. French filmmaker René Clair served as jury president for the main competition.

The Grand Prix, then the festival's main prize, was awarded to American filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola for the drama film The Conversation.

The festival opened with Amarcord by Federico Fellini, and closed with S*P*Y*S by Irvin Kershner.
Leonard Marchand
Leonard Stephen "Len" Marchand PC CM OBC (November 16, 1933 – June 3, 2016) was a Canadian politician.  He was the first person of First Nations status to serve in the federal cabinet, after being the first Status Indian elected and serving as a Member of Parliament. He served as Parliamentary Secretary, Minister of State, Minister of the Environment and Senator.

Cabinet of Canada
The Canadian Ministry (French: Conseil des ministres), colloquially referred to as the Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada), is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is part of and acts on behalf of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of March 2025 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.

For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Mark Carney, which is part of the 30th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and  ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
G&SWR 540 Class
The Glasgow and South Western Railway 540 Class were 4-6-4T steam tank locomotives designed by Robert Whitelegg and built in 1922, shortly before the G&SWR was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). They were referred to in official G&SWR publicity as the Baltic Class, although they were also known more prosaically to enginemen as the 'Big Pugs'.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Snehlata Kushwaha
Snehlata Kushwaha is an Indian politician from Bihar. She is a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Sasaram Assembly constituency in Rohtas district. She won the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election representing the Rashtriya Lok Morcha. She defeated Satendra Sah.
She studied up to Class 12 and she is into dairy business.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Stara Olszówka
Stara Olszówka [ˈstara ɔlˈʂufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzisław, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-west of Wodzisław, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Jędrzejów, and 52 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów
Jędrzejów (Polish: [jɛnˈdʐɛjuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: יענדזשעוו, romanized: Yendzshev, Latin: Andreiow) is a town in southern Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Kielce. It is the capital of Jędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011).
Karatsuba algorithm
The Karatsuba algorithm is a fast multiplication algorithm for integers. It was discovered by Anatoly Karatsuba in 1960 and published in 1962. It is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that reduces the multiplication of two n-digit numbers to three multiplications of n/2-digit numbers and, by repeating this reduction, to  at most  single-digit multiplications. It is therefore asymptotically faster than the traditional algorithm, which performs  single-digit products.

The Karatsuba algorithm was the first multiplication algorithm asymptotically faster than the quadratic "grade school" algorithm.
The Toom–Cook algorithm (1963) is a faster generalization of Karatsuba's method, and the Schönhage–Strassen algorithm (1971) is even faster, for sufficiently large n.

Asymptotic computational complexity
In computational complexity theory, asymptotic computational complexity is the use of asymptotic analysis for the estimation of the computational complexity of algorithms and computational problems, commonly associated with the use of the big O notation.
Shute Park (Oregon)
Shute Park is a municipal park in the city of Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. Acquired in 1906, the 13-acre (53,000 m2) park is the oldest park in the city. Located at southeast Tenth and Maple streets along Tualatin Valley Highway, Shute Park includes an aquatic center, a branch of the Hillsboro Public Library, and a community center. The park once had a pavilion that contained a roller skating rink, and was the center of civic activities before the opening of the Washington County Fairgrounds. Named for businessman John W. Shute, the park at one time included land on the east side of the highway that consisted mainly of a baseball field.

Tualatin Valley Highway
The Tualatin Valley Highway No. 29 (see Oregon highways and routes) is an Oregon highway which passes through the Tualatin Valley, between the cities of McMinnville and Beaverton.  Between McMinnville and Forest Grove, the highway is signed as Oregon Route 47; between Forest Grove and Beaverton it is signed as Oregon Route 8. Oregon 8 becomes Canyon Road in Beaverton east of Hocken Road.

The highway is commonly referred to as TV Highway by locals and is also marked as such by signs.  TriMet bus route 57-TV Hwy. provides public transit service over the full length of the section between Forest Grove and Beaverton.
Cedarock Park
Cedarock Park is a 500-acre (2.0 km2) nature preserve, historic farm, and passive-use park located near Bellemont in Alamance County, North Carolina.  The park opened in 1975 with Ronald Dean Coleman serving as the Parks Director for the county at the time.  He envisioned a natural area just a few miles from town where anyone could come and explore some of the most beautiful property Alamance County has to offer.

Bellemont, North Carolina
Bellemont is an unincorporated community in Alamance County, North Carolina, United States.

Bellemont is located on North Carolina Highway 49, east of Alamance, and 4.3 miles (6.9 km) south-southeast of downtown Burlington. The community is located at the junction with Bellemont Alamance/Mt. Hermon Road.

The Bellemont Mill Village Historic District and Kernodle-Pickett House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
2024 Monterrey Open
The 2024 Monterrey Open (also known as the Abierto GNP Seguros for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 16th edition of the Monterrey Open and a WTA 500 tournament on the 2024 WTA Tour (upgraded from WTA 250 status in previous years). It took place at the Club Sonoma in Monterrey, Mexico, from 19 to 24 August 2024.

WTA 500 tournaments
WTA 500 tournaments is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 500 tournaments' prize money was approximately $500,000. Since then, prize money awarded by WTA 500 events has grown less uniform, with one tournament's prize money rising to as much as $1.5 million.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 500. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 250 for winning a WTA 250 tournament.
Hamiora
Hamiora or Hāmiora could be both a masculine given name and a middle name. Notable people with this name include:

Hāmiora Mangakāhia (1838–1918), Maori chief

Hamiora Pere (died 1869), New Zealand execution victim

Hamiora Tumutara Te Tihi-o-te-whenua Pio (1814–1901), New Zealand historian

Hamiora Wiremu Maioha (1888–1963), New Zealand interpreter

Eruera Hamiora Tumutara (c. 1859–1930), New Zealand bishop

Hamiora Tumutara Te Tihi-o-te-whenua Pio
Hamiora Tumutara Te Tihi-o-te-whenua Pio (1814–1901) was a New Zealand Māori tohunga and historian. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngati Awa and Ngati Tuwharetoa iwi. He was born in New Zealand in 1814.
Urney, County Tyrone
Urney (Irish: An Urnaí, meaning 'Place of Prayer') is a townland (of 188 acres) and civil parish in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Both townland and parish are situated in the historic barony of Strabane Lower. It lies within the Derry City and Strabane area.

Urney is notable as being the first manufacturing location of Urney Chocolates, established in 1919.

It was also the birthplace of William Burke, notorious for the Burke and Hare murders.

Derry City and Strabane District Council
Derry City and Strabane District Council (Irish: Comhairle Chathair Dhoire agus Cheantar an tSratha Báin; Ulster-Scots: Derry Cittie & Stràbane Destrìck Cooncil) is the local authority for Derry and Strabane district in Northern Ireland. It was created as part of the 2014 Northern Ireland local government reform, replacing Derry City Council and Strabane District Council. The first elections to the authority were on 22 May 2014 and it acted as a shadow authority to its two predecessors until the new district formally came into being on 1 April 2015. The name was changed from Derry and Strabane City Council on 24 February 2016.
2025 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Singles
Andrey Rublev defeated Jack Draper in the final, 7–5, 5–7, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2025 Qatar Open. It was his 17th ATP Tour singles title. He saved a match point en route to the title, in the quarterfinals against Alex de Minaur.

Karen Khachanov was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Daniil Medvedev.

With his first round loss to Matteo Berrettini, this marked the first time that Novak Djokovic lost in the first round of any tournament since the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Karen Khachanov
Karen Abgarovich Khachanov (born 21 May 1996) is a Russian professional tennis player. He has been ranked by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) as high as world No. 8 in singles, which he achieved on 15 July 2019, and No. 53 in doubles, attained on 29 January 2024. Khachanov has won seven ATP Tour singles titles, the most significant at the 2018 Paris Masters, an ATP 1000-level event. In doubles, he has won one title at the 2023 Madrid Open, with compatriot Andrey Rublev.

His most notable career achievement is a silver medal in singles at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. He also has reached two major semifinals at the 2022 US Open and 2023 Australian Open.
Urbiscript
urbiscript is a programming language for robotics.  It features syntactic support for concurrency and event-based programming.  It is a prototype-based object-oriented scripting language.  It is dynamic: name resolution is performed during the program execution (late binding); slots (member variables) can be added/removed at runtime, and even prototypes (superclasses) of an object can be changed at runtime.

Memory management is performed by reference counting.

Tightly bound to the Urbi platform it supports seamless integration of C++/Java components.

Prototype-based programming
Prototype-based programming is a style of object-oriented programming in which behavior reuse (known as inheritance) is performed via a process of reusing existing objects that serve as prototypes. This model can also be known as prototypal, prototype-oriented, classless, or instance-based programming.

Prototype-based programming uses the process generalized objects, which can then be cloned and extended. Using fruit as an example, a "fruit" object would represent the properties and functionality of fruit in general. A "banana" object would be cloned from the "fruit" object and general properties specific to bananas would be appended. Each individual "banana" object would be cloned from the generic "banana" object. Compare to the class-based paradigm, where a "fruit" class would be extended by a "banana" class.