hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sultan Han
Sultan Han is a large and significant 13th-century Seljuk caravanserai located in the town of Sultanhanı, Aksaray Province, Turkey. It is one of the three monumental caravanserais in the neighbourhood of Aksaray and is located about 40 km (25 mi) west of Aksaray on the road to Konya.

Iwan
An iwan (Persian: ایوان, eyvān, also romanized as ivan or ivān/īvān, Arabic: إيوان, ’īwān) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called pishtaq, a Persian term for a portal projecting from the facade of a building, usually decorated with calligraphy bands, glazed tilework, and geometric designs. Since the definition allows for some interpretation, the overall forms and characteristics can vary greatly in terms of scale, material, or decoration.

Iwans are most commonly associated with Islamic architecture; however, the form is pre-Islamic Iranian in origin and was invented much earlier and fully developed in Mesopotamia around the third century CE, during the Parthian period.
Paper leak in India
In India, a paper leak refers to the criminal act of leaking a government recruitment or academic examination paper before the scheduled date and time of the examination. It is a form of organised crime that involves the unauthorised disclosure, access, and distribution of question papers, often for monetary gain. This phenomenon has become a recurring crisis, undermining the integrity of the country's education and public employment systems, affecting millions of aspirants annually.

Staff Selection Commission
The Staff Selection Commission (SSC) is an organisation under the Government of India to recruit staff for various posts in the various ministries and departments of the government of India and in subordinate offices and agencies.

This commission is an attached office of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) which consists of chairman, two members and a secretary-cum-controller of examinations. His post is equivalent to the level of additional secretary to the government of India.

The SSC decided to conduct the Multi-Tasking (Non-Technical) Staff examination in 13 Indian languages, which are Urdu, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Konkani, Meitei (Manipuri), Marathi, Odia and Punjabi, in addition to Hindi and English, out of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic, for the first time in January 2023.
Jens Kristian Thune
Jens Kristian Thune  (30 July 1935 – 24 June 2018) was a Norwegian jurist and businessperson. He was born in Oslo.

Thune practiced as lawyer in Oslo from 1966. He has been chairman of the board of the newspaper Dagbladet, of the National Gallery, of the radio channel P4, and of Anti-Doping Norway. He is also known for chasing and revealing the hidden fortune of ship owner Hilmar Reksten.

His books include Jakten. På sporet av Hilmar Reksten from 1991, and Med et skrik from 1996, about the theft of Munch's iconic painting The Scream from the National Gallery in 1994.

Hilmar Reksten
Hilmar August Reksten (29 October 1897 – 1 July 1980) was a Norwegian shipping magnate. In the autumn of 1973 he was counted among the world's richest men, possessing a fleet worth about £300 million. At his death in 1980, all was lost; he left behind a debt of about £100 million.
Croatian kuna
The kuna (Croatian pronunciation: [kǔːna]; sign: kn; code: HRK) was the currency of Croatia from 1994 until 2023, when it was replaced by the euro. The kuna was subdivided into 100 lipa. It was issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins were minted by the Croatian Mint.

In the Croatian language, the word kuna means 'marten' and lipa means 'linden tree', both references to their historical use in medieval trading.

Standard Catalog of World Paper Money
The Standard Catalog of World Paper Money was a well-known catalogue of banknotes that was published by Krause Publications in three volumes. These catalogues are commonly known in the numismatic trade as the Pick catalogues, as the numbering system was originally compiled by Albert Pick, but are also referred to as "Krause" or "SCWPM". Since the mid-1980s the titles have been owned by Krause Publications, and from 1994–2016 were under the editorship of George S. Cuhaj, and subsequently by Tracy L. Schmidt.
Sir Walter Yonge, 2nd Baronet
Sir Walter Yonge, 2nd Baronet (c. 1625 – 21 November 1670) of Great House, Colyton, and of Mohuns Ottery, both in Devon, was a Member of Parliament for Honiton (1659), for Lyme Regis (1660) and for Dartmouth (1667–70).

Escot, Talaton
Escot in the parish of Talaton, near Ottery St Mary in Devon, is an historic estate. The present mansion house known as Escot House is a grade II listed building built in 1837 by Sir John Kennaway, 3rd Baronet to the design of Henry Roberts, to replace an earlier house built in about 1680 by Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet (1653–1731) of Great House in the parish of Colyton, Devon, to the design of Robert Hooke, which burned down in 1808. Today it remains the home of the Kennaway baronets.

Escot House is currently used as a wedding and conference venue, with Wildwood Escot (a family attraction) being situated next door within the grounds of Escot estate).
Àlex Monner
Àlex Monner Zubizarreta (born 27 January 1995) is a Spanish actor. He is known for his role as Lleó in the Catalan television series Polseres vermelles.

Monner was born in Barcelona. He debuted in Pau Freixa's film Herois, and then had a television role in the TV3 series Polseres vermelles, scripted by Albert Espinosa and again directed by Freixa.  He played Lleó, a young man who lost a leg because of cancer.

In 2012, he featured in REC 3: Génesis as Adrián.

He has collaborated with Freixas several times in recent years, in the Telecinco series Sé quién eres, the first Spanish drama to be shown on the BBC, and in Cites, the Catalan version of the British series Dates.

He has appeared in roles on Televisió de Catalunya, TNT, Antena 3, the Telefe channel of Argentina, and Monte Carlo TV of Uruguay.

Dates (TV series)
Dates is a British television romantic drama series created by Bryan Elsley, who also created Skins, which first aired on Channel 4 on 10 June 2013, at 22:00 (BST), as part of its "Mating Season" programming, illustrating a series of first dates between online dating service users. The show's target audience is "ABC1".
Sami Siida of North America
The Sami Siida of North America (Northern Sami: Davvi-Amerihká Sámi Siida) is a loosely organized group of regional communities, primarily in Canada and the United States, who share the Sámi culture and heritage from the arctic and sub-arctic regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. This area has traditionally been referred to using the endonyms Sápmi and Samiland as well as the exonym Lapland. Individuals within the North American Siida are immigrants, descendants of immigrants, or are supporters of the Sami culture, although may not have any family lineage from Sápmi.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
2011 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – Pool A
Group A of the 2011 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Americas Zone of the 2011 Fed Cup. Five teams competed in a round robin competition, with the teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top two teams play for advancement to the 2012 Group I.

2011 Fed Cup
The 2011 Fed Cup (also known as the 2011 Fed Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) was the 49th edition of the tournament between national teams in women's tennis.

The final took place at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, on 5–6 November. Czech Republic defeated the home team, Russia, to win their sixth title and first as an independent nation.
SS Bokuyo Maru
Bokuyo Maru (墨洋丸) was a cargo and ocean liner, built in 1924 at the Tsurumi Naval Yard and registered to Tokyo.

The ship traveled between Japan and the west coast of South America; she transported the ancestors of Alberto Fujimori.

Initially she was operated by Toyo Kisen Kaisha. In March 1926, that company merged into Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK Line), and NYK acquired the ship.

On June 28, 1939, the ship experienced a fire from copper concentrate while in Los Angeles. The fire incident ended on July 2.

Toyo Kisen
Toyo Kisen Kaisha (東洋汽船, Tōyō Kisen; TKK, "Oriental Steamship Company") was a Japanese shipping company, headquartered in Tokyo.

In 1896 Asano Sōichirō created the company, with the plan to have a shipping line to San Francisco.

Starting in 1905 it operated passenger ships for the routes from Japan to South America, and the company transported low income East Asian immigrants to South America. The Japanese government funded the company via the National Far Western Shipping Route Subsidizing Act.

In 1926 the company decided to stop operating passenger ships due to competition from ships operated by American and British companies and due to a reduction in immigration. Nippon Yusen took the ships that TKK operated.
Burial ground of Cherneliv-Ruskyi
The burial ground of Cherneliv-Ruskyi is a burial site of the Chernyakhov culture, an archaeological monument of local importance. It is located in the Mohylky tract of the village of Cherneliv-Ruskyi in the Baikivtsi Hromada of the Ternopil Raion of the Ternopil Oblast, which is the most studied in the territory of Right-bank Ukraine.

The site was investigated between 1973 and 2000 by Ukrainian archaeologist Ihor Gereta. During the excavations, 315 burials were discovered, including 288 Chernyakhov, 24 Kievan Rus', two Pomeranian, and one unidentified burial, probably dating from the Bronze Age.

Reports on archaeological research at the burial ground of Cherneliv-Ruskyi are stored in the Scientific Archives of the NASU Institute of Archaeology and the Ternopil Regional Museum of Local Lore, which houses all archaeological materials.

Pomeranian culture
The Pomeranian culture, also Pomeranian or Pomerelian Face Urn culture was an Iron Age culture with origins in parts of the area south of the Baltic Sea (which later became Pomerania, part of northern Germany and Poland), from the 7th century BC to the 3rd century BC, which eventually covered most of today's Poland.

About 650 BC, it evolved from the Lusatian culture between the lower Vistula and Parseta rivers, and subsequently expanded southward. Between 200 and 150 BC, it was succeeded by the Oksywie culture in eastern Pomerania and the Przeworsk culture at the upper Vistula and Oder rivers.
Will Anderson (Scrabble player)
Will Anderson (born September 13, 1984) is an American Scrabble player and YouTuber. He was the North American national champion in 2017, winning 25 out of 31 games, finishing ahead of runner-up Mack Meller.

Anderson is from Croton-on-Hudson, New York. Outside Scrabble, he works as a textbook editor.

Croton-on-Hudson, New York
Croton-on-Hudson (/kroʊtɪn/ KROH-tin) is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 8,327 at the 2020 United States census over 8,070 at the 2010 census. It is located in the town of Cortlandt as part of New York City's northern suburbs. The village was incorporated in 1898.
H. Narayan Murthy
Hosur Narayan Murthy (H. N. Murthy) (Kannada: ಎಚ್. ಎನ್. ಮೂರ್ತಿ; 1924–2011) was an Indian clinical psychologist, writer, philosopher, Sanskrit scholar and teacher who headed the department of clinical psychology at National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) at Bangalore. He was born in the city of Bangalore in 1924 to Brahmin parents Hosur Ramaswamaiah Subba Rao and smt Rajamma. Murthy's father was an official at "Iron and Steel Plant" at Bhadravathi town in Karnataka.

Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant
Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant (VISL), a unit of Steel Authority of India Limited, is a plant involved in the production of alloy steels and pig iron. It is located in the city of Bhadravathi, India. It was started as the Mysore Iron Works on 18 January 1923 by Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar and his Diwan Sir M Visvesvaraya. It is now a steel plant under the jurisdiction of the Steel Authority of India Limited.
Maneki
Maneki is a Japanese restaurant in the Japantown area of the International District in Seattle, Washington that opened in 1904 as the first sushi bar in the city. Some claim it is the oldest Asian restaurant on the West Coast of the United States, and it is recognized as one of the oldest sushi restaurants in the United States.

Japantown
Japantown (日本人街) is a common name for Japanese communities in cities and towns outside Japan. Alternatively, a Japantown may be called J-town, Little Tokyo or Nihonmachi (日本町), the first two being common names for  Japantown, San Francisco, Japantown, San Jose and Little Tokyo, Los Angeles.
Siege of Negapatam
The siege of Negapatam was the first major offensive military action on the Indian subcontinent following the arrival of news that war had been declared between Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, beginning the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War.  A British force besieged the Dutch-controlled port of Negapatam, the capital of Dutch Coromandel, on the eastern coast of India, which capitulated after the fortification's walls were breached.  The Dutch garrison consisted of 500 European troops, 5,500 local troops, and 2,000 troops of Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore.

While many British troops were occupied with fighting Hyder Ali's armies as part of the Second Anglo-Mysore War, and General Eyre Coote was opposed to offensive actions against the Dutch, Lord Macartney, the governor of Madras, was able to raise more than 4,000 troops and secure the assistance of Admiral Sir Edward Hughes to defeat the larger Dutch and Mysorean defence force.

Edward Hughes (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Sir Edward Hughes (c. 1720 – 1794) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the War of Jenkins' Ear, Seven Years' War and American War of Independence. He is best known for fighting a series of five inconclusive fleet actions during the American War of Independence with a French fleet under Pierre André de Suffren.
Ireland at the 2026 Winter Olympics
Ireland competed at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, from 6 to 22 February 2026.

Thomas Maloney Westgård and Anabelle Zurbay were the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile, Benjamin Lynch was the country's flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

2026 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2026 Winter Olympics took place on 6 February 2026. It started at 20:00 CET (19:00 UTC) and concluded at 23:29. It was held primarily at San Siro in Milan, but also included Livigno, Predazzo, and the streets of Cortina, Italy. This was the first opening ceremony of the Olympics which took place across four locations in the host country.
As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings included an artistic program showcasing the culture of the host country and city, with harmony being a central theme, concluding with the parade of athletes and the lighting of the Olympic cauldrons.

The Games were formally opened by the president of Italy, Sergio Mattarella. This was the first Winter Olympics and first Olympic Games opening ceremony under the IOC presidency of Kirsty Coventry.
MyMichigan Health
MyMichigan Health is an American non-profit health system, headquartered in Midland, Michigan, affiliated with Michigan Medicine, the health care division of the University of Michigan. MyMichigan Health covers a 23-county region with medical centers in Alma, Alpena, Clare, Gladwin, Midland, Mt. Pleasant, Saginaw, Sault Ste. Marie, and West Branch.

In addition to its medical centers, MyMichigan Health also offers both home health care and physician services, and has a strong commitment to medical education. MyMichigan Physicians Group provides urgent care and medical offices in more than 30 specialties and subspecialties. The MyMichigan Health Foundation supports patients and families served by MyMichigan Health by raising funds for equipment, services and programs. As of August, 2023 MyMichigan Health has more than 10,180 employees, volunteers and physicians.

Mount Pleasant, Michigan
Mount Pleasant is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is the county seat of Isabella County, which is part of Central Michigan. The population of Mount Pleasant was 21,688 as of the 2020 census. The city is surrounded by Union Charter Township, but is politically independent.

Part of the city (with a population of 8,741) is located within the Isabella Indian Reservation, the base of the federally recognized Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation. The tribe's Soaring Eagle Casino & Resort in nearby Chippewa Township is also within the reservation boundaries.

Mount Pleasant is home to the main campuses of Central Michigan University, one of the largest universities in the state with 20,000 students at Mount Pleasant, and Mid Michigan Community College. The student population nearly doubles the population of the city during the academic year, making it a college town. Despite its name, the surrounding area is mostly flat and does not feature any mountains or hills.
Château Batailley
Château Batailley is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced at the estate was classified as one of eighteen Cinquièmes Crus (Fifth Growths) in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.

Pauillac
Pauillac (French pronunciation: [pojak]; Occitan: Paulhac) is a municipality in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. The city is mid-way between Bordeaux and the Pointe de Grave, along the Gironde, the largest estuary in western Europe.
St. James Winery
St. James Winery is located in St. James, Missouri, near mile marker 195 of Interstate 44. The winery distributes 200,000 cases of wine per year in 19 states. The vineyards are composed of 180 acres (73 ha) of Catawba, Vignoles, Chardonel, Concord, Norton, Chambourcin, Seyval and Rougeon grapes.  The winemaking heritage of the area was both started and subsequently influenced by Italian Immigrants in the late 19th century. The company has over 50 employees working in the Cellar, Administration, Tasting Room, Shipping and Vineyard departments.  The winery distributes in nine U.S. states, mostly in the Midwestern and Southern portions of the country.

Seyval blanc
Seyval blanc (French pronunciation: [sɛval blɑ̃]; or Seyve-Villard hybrid number 5276) is a hybrid wine grape variety used to make white wines. Its vines ripen early, are productive and are suited to fairly cool climates. Seyval blanc is grown mainly in England, the United States East Coast (specifically the Finger Lakes region of upstate New York,  Lake Erie AVA in Pennsylvania, regions in Ohio and Virginia), in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon), as well as to a lesser extent in Canada. Seyval blanc was created either by Bertille Seyve, or his son-in-law Villard, as a cross of Seibel 5656 and Rayon d'Or (Seibel 4986), and was used to create the hybrid grape St. Pepin. Seyve and Villard used the same Rayon d'Or x Seibel 5656 crossing to produce the red wine grape Seyval noir.

Since it contains some non-vinifera genes, Seyval blanc is outlawed by the EU authorities for quality wine production, which was an issue of conflict with the English wine industry.
Tūhuru Kōkare
Tūhuru Kōkare was a New Zealand Māori chief of Ngāti Waewae, a sub-tribe (hapū) of Ngāi Tahu. He was active from about 1800, and may have died around 1847, although his body is described as being laid to rest in 1953 in a burial cave above Māwhera pā.

Hapū
In Māori and New Zealand English, a hapū ("subtribe", or "clan") functions as "the basic political unit within Māori society".  A Māori person can belong to or have links to many hapū. Historically, each hapū had its own chief and normally operated independently of its iwi (tribe).
Sibiu Literary Circle
The Sibiu Literary Circle (Romanian: Cercul literar de la Sibiu) was a literary group created during World War II in Sibiu to promote the modernist liberal ideas of Eugen Lovinescu.

The group was formed around Lucian Blaga and other intellectuals from Cluj, who had settled in Sibiu after the Romanian University of Cluj had moved there in 1940, in the wake of the Hungarian occupation of Northern Transylvania. The most active members of the group were Ion Negoițescu, Radu Stanca, Ion Dezideriu Sîrbu, Cornel Regman, Ștefan Augustin Doinaș, Nicolae Balotă, Eugen Todoran, Eta Boeriu, Radu Enescu, and Ovidiu Cotruș. The group disbanded in 1945.

Lucian Blaga
Lucian Blaga (Romanian: [lutʃiˈan ˈblaɡa] ⓘ; 9 May 1895 – 6 May 1961) was a Romanian philosopher, poet, playwright, poetry translator and novelist. He is one of the most important philosophers and poets of Romania, and a prominent philosopher of the interwar period in Eastern Europe who, due to the unfortunate circumstances surrounding his career, is barely known to the outside world.
Auriol, Bouches-du-Rhône
Auriol (French pronunciation: [oʁjɔl]; Occitan: Auriòu) is a commune in the Huveaune valley in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southern France. The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom. Located west of Roquevaire and northwest of Aubagne, it will be served by two stations of the Aubagne tramway when the northern Line T extension opens in 2023.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
NGC 7124
NGC 7124 is a large spiral galaxy in the constellation of Indus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 4988 ± 15 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 240.0 ± 16.8 Mly (73.57 ± 5.16 Mpc). However, nine non-redshift measurements give a much closer distance of 191.56 ± 4.26 Mly (58.733 ± 1.306 Mpc). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 8 July 1834.

NGC 7124 is classified as a LINER galaxy, i.e. it has a type of nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission which has weakly ionized or neutral atoms, while the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms is relatively weak.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 7124: SN 2023pwl (Type Ia, mag. 16.728) was discovered by ATLAS on 19 August 2023.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.