hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Norton (solicitor)
James Norton Sr. (27 July 1795 – 31 August 1862) was a solicitor and public figure in early colonial New South Wales. Admitted to practise in England, he arrived in Sydney in September 1818 where only four other attorneys were then practising. He was the founder of the first law firm in Sydney. He was a member of the first Legislative Council under responsible government in New South Wales in 1856, and drafted numerous laws. He held land at Mulgoa which was farmed and owned Elswick, a 30 ha estate in what is now Leichhardt where he grew prize flowers and plants. He was a leading Sydney member of the Anti-Transportation League and a protectionist in whose cause he published a series of pamphlets.

Australasian Anti-Transportation League
The Australasian Anti-Transportation League was an organisation that opposed penal transportation to Australia. It was established in Van Diemen's Land (present-day Tasmania) in the late 1840s, and expanded rapidly with branches in Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney in Australia, and Canterbury in New Zealand. The Colonial Office abolished transportation to eastern Australia in 1852.
FK Crvena Zemlja
FK Crvena Zemlja (Cyrillic: ФК Црвена Земља) is a football club playing in the village of Nova Ves, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

They played one season in the second tier-First League of the Republika Srpska, in 2011–12.

First League of the Republika Srpska
The First League of the Republika Srpska (Croatian: Prva liga Republike Srpske; Serbian: Прва лига Републике Српске)  is a football league in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Together with the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it forms the second level of football in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The league champion is promoted to the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Relegated teams fall to the Second League of the Republika Srpska.
DDAIP
DDAIP is a pharmaceutical ingredient added to topical products to increase penetration through the skin.  Chemically, DDAIP is an ester of N,N-dimethylalanine and dodecanol, although as of now the structural formula shows an ester with decanol (C10) instead.  DDAIP is typically formulated as its hydrochloride salt (DDAIP.HCl).  This salt is a white crystalline solid with a melting range of 88-93 °C and is an amphiphilic molecule with a pKa of 4.87 that is soluble in water up to about 40% w/v.  DDAIP is proprietary to NexMed USA, a subsidiary of Apricus Biosciences.

1-Decanol
1-Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH. It is a colorless to light yellow viscous liquid that is insoluble in water and has an aromatic odor. The interfacial tension against water at 20 °C is 8.97 mN/m.
16th National Television Awards
The 16th National Television Awards ceremony was held at The O2 Arena in London on 26 January 2011 and was hosted by Dermot O'Leary. The National Television Awards are voted by the public and the winners are revealed live on ITV. Ant & Dec won the award for Most Popular Entertainment Presenter for the tenth year in a row, while Bruce Forsyth won the Special Recognition Award. Luis Urzúa, one of the miners who was saved from the 2010 Copiapó mining accident presented the award for Most Popular Drama. The award went to Waterloo Road, which meant Doctor Who failed to win the award for the first time since 2005. The 2010 X Factor winner Matt Cardle performed his number one single "When We Collide". Louie Spence of Pineapple Dance Studios performed a dance routine before presenting the award for Outstanding Serial Drama Performance.

Pineapple Dance Studios (TV series)
Pineapple Dance Studios is a docusoap which aired on Sky1 during 2010.  The show gave viewers an insight into the world of Pineapple Dance Studios, a London dance complex, and introduced several employees including Louie Spence and Andrew Stone plus Pineapple Dance Studio regular Tricia Walsh-Smith.  The show was first broadcast on 14 February 2010 on Sky1, with narration by ex-BBC newsreader Michael Buerk, it was presented in a documentary style that included impromptu dancing and the promotional tag-line: "Pineapple Dance Studios: bitching is fabulous!". It was sponsored by Just Dance. It was sold around the world and is currently showing on the US network Ovation. The first episode was broadcast on 28 September 2014.
Lothar, Nepal
Lothar is a village development committee in Chitwan District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,425 people living in 364 individual households.

Narayani Zone
Narayani (Nepali: नारायणी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones to Provinces, located in the central south of the country. The headquarter of Narayani zone was Hetauda. Narayani Zone is named after the Narayani River which is on the western border of the zone, separating it from the Gandaki and Lumbini zones. Narayani means beloved of Narayan which is Parvati his sister, and Narayan refers to Lord Vishnu (the preserver) in the Hindu religion.
Public interest design
Public interest design is a human-centered and participatory design practice that places emphasis on the “triple bottom line” of sustainable design that includes ecological, economic, and social issues and on designing products, structures, and systems that address issues such as economic development and the preservation of the environment. Projects incorporating public interest design focus on the general good of the local citizens with a fundamentally collaborative perspective.

Starting in the late 1990s, several books, convenings, and exhibitions have generated new momentum and investment in public interest design. Since then, public interest design—frequently described as a movement or field—has gained public recognition.

Samuel Mockbee
Samuel "Sambo" Mockbee (December 23, 1944 – December 30, 2001) was an American architect and a co-founder of the Auburn University Rural Studio program in Hale County, Alabama. After establishing a regular architectural practice in his native Mississippi, Mockbee became interested in the design and construction problems associated with rural housing in Alabama and Mississippi. Soon after joining the faculty of Auburn, Mockbee established the Rural Studio with educator Dennis K. Ruth to provide practical training for architecture students in an environment where their efforts could address the problems of poverty and substandard housing in underserved areas of the southern United States. Mockbee went on to receive numerous awards for his work, including a MacArthur Foundation grant that he used to further the work of the Rural Studio.
Psilocybe cyanescens
Psilocybe cyanescens, commonly known as the wavy cap or potent psilocybe, is a species of potent psychedelic mushroom. The main compounds responsible for its psychedelic effects are psilocybin and psilocin. It belongs to the family Hymenogastraceae. A formal description of the species was published by Elsie Wakefield in 1946 in the Transactions of the British Mycological Society, based on a specimen she had recently collected at Kew Gardens. She had begun collecting the species as early as 1910.  The mushroom is not generally regarded as being physically dangerous to adults.

Psilocybe cyanescens can sometimes fruit in colossal quantities; more than 100,000 individual mushrooms were found growing in a single patch at a racetrack in England.

Fungal Biology
Fungal Biology is a scientific journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on all aspects of basic and applied research of the fungi, including lichens, yeasts, oomycetes, and slime moulds. A publication of the British Mycological Society, it was founded in 1896 as Transactions of the British Mycological Society (1896–1989) and was later titled Mycological Research (1989–2010). The founding editor was Carleton Rea (1896–1930).
Edgar Bronfman Sr.
Edgar Miles Bronfman (June 20, 1929 – December 21, 2013) was a Canadian-American businessman. He worked for his family's distilled beverage firm, Seagram, eventually becoming president, treasurer and CEO. As president of the World Jewish Congress, Bronfman initiated diplomacy with the Soviet Union, which resulted in the Soviet government legitimizing the Hebrew language in the USSR and contributed to Soviet Jews being legally able to practice their religion and immigrate to Israel.

History of the Jews in the Soviet Union
The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Russian Empire conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. "For two centuries – wrote Zvi Gitelman – millions of Jews had lived under one entity, the Russian Empire and its successor state the USSR. They had now come under the jurisdiction of fifteen states, some of which had never existed and others that had passed out of existence in 1939." Before the revolutions of 1989 which resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe, a number of these now sovereign countries constituted the component republics of the Soviet Union.
Al King
Alvin K. Smith (August 8, 1923 – January 21, 1999), who performed and recorded as Al King,  was an American blues singer and songwriter.

King was born in Monroe, Louisiana.  After moving to Los Angeles he recorded for the Shirley and Sahara labels in the 1950s and 1960s, and had a number 36 US Billboard R&B chart hit in 1966 with "Think Twice Before You Speak".  Many of his records featured guitarist and bandleader Johnny Heartsman.  He also wrote songs under his real name, Smith, as in "On My Way", the B-side of his first single covering "Reconsider Baby" in 1964.

King died in Oakland, California in January 1999 at the age of 75.

Monroe, Louisiana
Monroe is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the parish seat and largest city of Ouachita Parish. With a 2020 census-tabulated population of 47,702, it is the principal city of the Monroe metropolitan statistical area, the second-largest metropolitan area in North Louisiana.
Nokia SU-33W
Nokia SU-33W is a Nokia's Mobile TV Receiver. With this optional DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting for Handheld) 
it is possible to watch television on the screen of the phone. Many Nokia mobile phones with Bluetooth are compatible.

This functionality is integrated into Nokia N92, Nokia N77 and Nokia N96 mobile phones and Nokia 5330 Mobile TV Edition features DVB-T too.

A 1seg version of this is also available in some South American and Asian countries and sold as SU-33Wb (using the SBTVD standard).

1seg
1seg (ワンセグ, wansegu) is a mobile terrestrial digital audio/video and data broadcasting service in Japan, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru and the Philippines. Service began experimentally during 2005 and commercially on April 1, 2006. It is designed as a component of ISDB-T, the terrestrial digital broadcast system used in those countries, as each channel is divided into 13 segments, with a further segment separating it from the next channel; an HDTV broadcast signal occupies 12 segments, leaving the remaining (13th) segment for mobile receivers, hence the name, "1seg" or "One Seg".

Its use in Brazil was established in late 2007 (starting in just a few cities), with a slight difference from the Japanese counterpart: it is broadcast under a 30 fps transmission setting (Japanese broadcasts are under the 15 fps transmission setting).
Elpidius
Elpidius is a Roman cognomen.

It was the name of several bishops and saints:

Elpidius, bishop of Huesca (c.522-546)

Elpidius, bishop of Tarazona

Elpidius, bishop of Comana (Cappadocia)

Saint Elpidius, bishop of Lyon

Saint Elpidius the Cappadocian, abbot and patron saint of Sant'Elpidio a Mare

Elpidius (rebel), 8th-century Byzantine governor of Sicily and rebel

another name for St. Expeditus

Elpidius (rebel)
Elpidius or Elpidios (Ancient Greek: Ἐλπίδιος) was a Byzantine aristocrat and governor of Sicily, who was accused of conspiring against Empress Irene of Athens (r. 780–802). This forced him to rebel, and after being defeated he defected to the Abbasid Caliphate and was recognized there as Byzantine emperor.
Mária Littomeritzky
Mária Littomeritzky (also known as Littomeritzky-Bognár; May 12, 1927 – December 24, 2017) was a butterfly swimmer from Hungary, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for her native country, starting in 1948. She was born in Szeged.

Her best individual result came in 1956, when she placed fourth in 100 metres butterfly. At the 1952 Summer Olympics she started in the heats of the 4×100 freestyle relay but was replaced for the final. Her team-mates Ilona Novák, Judit Temes, Éva Novák, Katalin Szőke won the final with a new world record and Littomeritzky also received a gold medal. At the European Championships she won a silver medal in 1954 in 100 m butterfly.

Swimming at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre butterfly
The women's 100 metre butterfly event at the 1956 Olympic Games took place on 3 and 5 December. This swimming event used the butterfly stroke. Because an Olympic-size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of two lengths of the pool.
Fixed-point subgroup
In algebra, the fixed-point subgroup  of an automorphism f of a group G is the subgroup of G:

More generally, if S is a set of automorphisms of G (i.e., a subset of the automorphism group of G), then the set of the elements of G that are left fixed by every automorphism in S is a subgroup of G, denoted by GS.

For example, take G to be the group of invertible n-by-n real matrices and  (called the Cartan involution). Then  is the group  of n-by-n orthogonal matrices.

To give an abstract example, let S be a subset of a group G. Then each element s of S can be associated with the automorphism , i.e. conjugation by s. Then

;

that is, the centralizer of S.

Cartan decomposition
In mathematics, the Cartan decomposition is a decomposition of a semisimple Lie group or Lie algebra, which plays an important role in their structure theory and representation theory.  It generalizes the polar decomposition or singular value decomposition of matrices.  Its history can be traced to the 1880s work of Élie Cartan and Wilhelm Killing.
Rachel Bell
Rachel Bell (born 1950 in Newcastle upon Tyne) is an English actress. She has many television credits to her name and has been associated as a long-running character with three series: Margaret Holmes in Grange Hill (1997–2002); Edith Pilchester in The Darling Buds of May (1991–1993); and Louise, the overbearing chair of the divorcee support group in Dear John (1986–1987). She also appeared in the Only Fools and Horses episode "To Hull and Back" (1985) and the Doctor Who story The Happiness Patrol (1988). In 1990, she played a barmaid in Last of the Summer Wine, episode "Roll On".

Her films include Sweet William (1980), Red Mercury (2005), and the 2008 Keira Knightley film The Edge of Love. In 2010, she played Hyacinth Bucket in a theatrical adaptation of the BBC situation comedy Keeping Up Appearances that toured the UK. In 2017, she began portraying the recurring role of Eve Haskey in the BBC soap opera Doctors.

Hyacinth Bucket
Hyacinth Bucket (née Walton; sometimes known as "The Bucket Woman") is a fictional character in the BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances, and one of the main characters of its spinoff special, Young Hyacinth. She is portrayed by Patricia Routledge in Keeping Up Appearances and Kerry Howard in Young Hyacinth. Routledge won a British Comedy Award in 1991 and was nominated for two BAFTA awards in 1992 and 1993 for her portrayal.
Deppe
Deppe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dale Deppe, American horticulturalist

Ferdinand Deppe (1794–1861), German naturalist, explorer and painter

Hans Deppe (1897–1969), German actor and film director

Jaro Deppe (born 1948), German footballer

Ludwig Deppe (1828–1890), German composer, conductor and piano teacher

Paula Deppe (1886–1922), Bohemian-German painter, engraver and illustrator

Royce Deppe (born 1965), South African tennis player

Ted Deppe, American poet

Ulrike Deppe (born 1953), German slalom canoeist

Ulrike Deppe
Ulrike Deppe (9 December 1953 in Lippstadt) is a former West German slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1969 to 1983.

She won three medals in the K1 event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (1981) and two silvers (1969, 1975). She also won two golds (1969, 1981) and two silvers (1971, 1979) in the K1 team event at the World Championships.

Deppe finished seventh in the K1 event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
Gabrijel Jurkić
Gabrijel Jurkić (24 March 1886 – 25 February 1974) was a Bosnian Croat artist.

He was born in Livno, now Bosnia and Herzegovina. He studied in Zagreb before moving to Vienna, where he attended the Vienna Art Academy. He returned to Bosnia, living in Sarajevo until 1953 when he moved back to Livno. He would spend the rest of his life working within the local Franciscan monastery. He died in 1974.

In 1993, he appeared on a postage stamp issued by the Croat administration in Mostar.

There is a gallery dedicated to his work in Livno and his pictures are also displayed at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Zagreb.

Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb
The Museum of Contemporary Art (Croatian: Muzej suvremene umjetnosti, often abbreviated to MSU) is a contemporary art museum located on Dubrovnik Avenue in Zagreb, Croatia. It is the biggest and most modern museum in the country. Vesna Meštrić is current director of MSU, replacing Zdenka Badovinac in late 2023 first temporarily and as of 2024 officially.
Indcar
Indcar is the trading name of Industrial Carrocera Arbuciense SA, a Spanish-based coachbuilder, specialized in building mini- and midibus bodies mainly on Mercedes-Benz, Iveco and Man vans and truck chassis (although vans from other manufacturers are sometimes also used). Their products are sold throughout all of Western Europe.

The company was established in 1888 by Mr. Francesc Queralt Roca in Arbúcies, a village in the Selva county of the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. This small town offered the advantage of being in the midst of a densely forested area ("Selva" means "forest" in Catalan), useful since the bodyworks were made of wood at the time. It was the first of several cochbuilders to be based in Arbúcies; it would be later followed by Ayats, Beulas, Noge and Boari.

In 2013, Indcar opened a new production plant in Prejmer, Romania, where the Strada and Mobi models are manufactured.

Selva (comarca)
Selva (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsɛlβə]) is a coastal comarca (county) in the Girona region of Catalonia (Spain), located between the mountain range known as the Serralada Transversal or Puigsacalm and the Costa Brava (part of the Mediterranean coast). Following the Spanish province system, it is divided between the provinces of Girona and Barcelona, with Fogars de la Selva being part of Barcelona province and all other municipalities falling inside the Girona province.

Its capital, Santa Coloma de Farners, is no longer among its larger municipalities, with the coastal towns of Blanes and Lloret de Mar having far surpassed it in size. Selva borders the comarques of Maresme, Vallès Oriental, Osona, Garrotxa, Gironès, and Baix Empordà.
South Pacific Gyre
The Southern Pacific Gyre is part of the Earth's system of rotating ocean currents, bounded by the Equator to the north, Australia to the west, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the south, and South America to the east. The center of the South Pacific Gyre is the oceanic pole of inaccessibility, the site on Earth farthest from any continents and productive ocean regions and is regarded as Earth's largest oceanic desert. With an area of 37 million square kilometres, it makes up approximately 10% of the Earth's ocean surface. The gyre, as with Earth's other four gyres, contains an area with elevated concentrations of pelagic plastics, chemical sludge, and other debris known as the South Pacific garbage patch.

Effluent
Effluent is wastewater from sewers or industrial outfalls that flows directly into surface waters, either untreated or after being treated at a facility. The term has slightly different meanings in certain contexts, and may contain various pollutants depending on the source.
The Dog in the Pond
The Dog in the Pond (commonly known as The Dog, briefly named The Jolly Roger) is a fictional public house in the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks. It has been at the centre of the show's setting since it began in 1995. In 2003, The Dog in the Pond was nominated as the "Best TV Boozer of All Time" in a poll run by Blackthorn Cider. The pub was burnt down in episodes airing in September 2006 during the 'Fire at The Dog', which killed five regular characters. The fire was named as one of soap's biggest disasters by the Daily Record in 2010.

Daily Record (Scotland)
The Daily Record is a Scottish national tabloid newspaper based in Glasgow. The newspaper is published Monday–Saturday and its website is updated on an hourly basis, seven days a week. The Record's sister title is the Sunday Mail. Both are owned by Reach plc and have a close kinship with the UK-wide Daily Mirror.

The Record covers UK news and sport with a Scottish focus. Its website boasts the largest readership of any publisher based in Scotland. The paper was at the forefront of technological advances in publishing throughout the 20th century and became the first European daily newspaper to be produced in full colour.

As the Record's print circulation has declined in line with other national papers, it has focused increasing attention on expanding its digital news operation.

Neil McIntosh was announced as the latest editor of the Daily Record in August 2025.
Stephan Ramon Garcia
Stephan Ramon Garcia is an American mathematician. He is the W.M. Keck Distinguished Service Professor and Professor of Mathematics at Pomona College, in California, United States. Garcia has been a faculty member at Pomona since 2006.  Garcia works in operator theory, complex variables, matrix analysis, number theory, and discrete geometry. He serves on the editorial board of several well-known journals and has received four National Science Foundation grants as principal investigator.

Matrix analysis
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra and applications, matrix analysis is the study of matrices and their algebraic properties. Some particular topics out of many include; operations defined on matrices (such as matrix addition, matrix multiplication and operations derived from these), functions of matrices (such as matrix exponentiation and matrix logarithm, and even sines and cosines etc. of matrices), and the eigenvalues of matrices (eigendecomposition of a matrix, eigenvalue perturbation theory).
2005 Baseball World Cup
The 2005 Baseball World Cup (BWC) was the 36th international Men's amateur baseball tournament. The tournament was sanctioned by the International Baseball Federation, which titled it the Amateur World Series from the 1938 tournament through the 1986 AWS. The tournament was held, for the second time, in the Netherlands, from September 2 to 17. Cuba defeated South Korea in the final, winning its 25th title.

There were 18 participating countries, split into two groups, with the first four of each group qualifying for the finals. Games were played in the Dutch cities of Rotterdam, Haarlem, Almere, Amsterdam and Eindhoven.

The next three competitions were also held as the BWC tournament, which was replaced in 2015 by the quadrennial WBSC Premier12.

Amateur
An amateur (from French 'one who loves') is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.