hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colonization of Antarctica
Colonization of Antarctica is the establishing and maintaining of control over Antarctic land for exploitation and possibly settlement.

Antarctica was claimed by several states since the 16th century, culminating in a territorial competition in the first half of the 20th century when its interior was explored and the first Antarctic camps and bases were set up.

Contemporarily territorial claims and activities on Antarctica have been limited since the Antarctic Treaty (1959) by the Antarctic Treaty System and its Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.

At present the population of Antarctica comprises scientists and staff of approximate 4,000 people in summer and 1,000 in winter, from 30 countries staying at about 70 bases (40 year-round and 30 summer-only). Of those bases, two are civilian settlements, the Argentinian-administered Esperanza Base and Chilean-administered Villa Las Estrellas.

Villa Las Estrellas
Villa Las Estrellas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbiʝa las esˈtɾeʝas]; Spanish for The Stars Village or Hamlet of the Stars) is a permanently inhabited outpost on King George Island within the Chilean Antarctic claim, the Chilean Antarctic Territory, and also within the Argentine and British Antarctic claims.

The Chilean government considers it to be in the commune of Antártica, in the province of Antártica Chilena, in the región of Magallanes and Chilean Antartica.

It is located on President Eduardo Frei Montalva Base, a research station. It is the larger one of only two civilian settlements on Antarctica (the other being Argentina's Esperanza Base). It has a summer population of 150 and a winter population of 80.
Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar, also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet; 160 and 490 fathoms).

The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit.

NASA Earth Observatory
NASA Earth Observatory is an online publishing outlet for NASA which was created in 1999. It is the principal source of satellite imagery and other scientific information about the climate and the environment which are being provided by NASA for consumption by the general public. It is funded with public money, as authorized by the United States Congress, and is part of the EOS Project Science Office located at Goddard Space Flight Center.

As of 2006, NASA Earth Observatory has won the Webby People's Voice Award in Education three times. There were a series of publicized images issued by the website in 2008, including imagery of clouds streaming over the Caspian Sea, dust storms curling off the coast of Morocco, the crumbling of the Wilkins Ice Shelf, Hurricane Bertha, and others.
Quartey-Papafio
Quartey-Papafio is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Quartey-Papafio (1859–1924), Ghanaian physician and politician

Kate Quartey-Papafio, Ghanaian businesswoman

Mercy ffoulkes-Crabbe (1894–1974), Ghanaian teacher, daughter of Benjamin

Kate Quartey-Papafio
Kate Quartey-Papafio is a Ghanaian industrialist and the founder and chief executive officer of cable manufacturing company the Reroy Cables Limited and the now Reroy Group of Companies. She is one of the first women in Africa to establish a cable manufacturing business.
Saw Kill (Hudson River tributary)
The Saw Kill is a 14.3-mile-long (23.0 km) tributary of the Hudson River, called the Metambesem by the Algonquin people of the area and sometimes called Sawkill Creek today. It rises in the town of Milan and drains a 22-square-mile (57 km2) area of northwestern Dutchess County, New York, that includes most of the town of Red Hook to the west and part of Rhinebeck to Red Hook's south.

It flows predominantly through forests and farmland. Just above its mouth, it descends more steeply through a wooded area with several waterfalls into South Tivoli Bay, between the Montgomery Place estate and Bard College, which uses the stream as both its primary water source and for disposal of its treated wastewater. In the 1840s, the owners of those properties made an agreement to prevent development along the stream, one of the earliest such conservation measures in American history.

Land development
Land development is the alteration of landscape in any number of ways, such as:

Changing landforms from a natural or semi-natural state for a purpose such as agriculture or housing

Subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes

Real estate development or changing its purpose, for example by converting an unused factory complex into a condominium
1942 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1942 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament took place from March 5–7, 1942 at Thompson Gym in Raleigh, North Carolina. The Duke Blue Devils won their third Southern Conference title, led by head coach Eddie Cameron.

Eddie Cameron
Edmund McCullough Cameron (April 22, 1902 – November 25, 1988) was an American football and basketball player, coach, and college athletics administrator.  He served as the head basketball coach at Washington and Lee University for one season in 1924–25 and at Duke University from 1928 to 1942, compiling a career college basketball record of 234–104.  Cameron was also the head football coach at Duke University from 1942 to 1945, tallying a mark of 25–11–1, and the athletic director at the school from 1951 to 1972.  Cameron was part of Duke athletics from 1926 to 1972, the second longest tenure in the school's history.  Duke's home basketball arena was renamed as Cameron Indoor Stadium in his honor in 1972.
Samuel H. Fisher
Samuel Herbert Fisher (May 26, 1867 – 1957) was an American attorney and print historian. He was a member of the Acorn Club, to which he was elected in 1933. Fisher was a fellow of the Yale Corporation (1920–1935) and chaired the Connecticut Tercentenary Commission. He received honorary degrees from Yale University, Colgate University, and Wesleyan University.

Colgate University
Colgate University is a private college in Hamilton, New York, United States. A liberal arts college, it was founded in 1819 as the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York and operated under that name until 1823, when it was renamed Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, often called Hamilton College (1823–1846), then Madison College (1846–1890), and its present name since 1890.

Colgate enrolls approximately 3,200 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree. The student body is 54% female and 46% male. Students participate in over 200 clubs and organizations. While Colgate offers an almost entirely undergraduate program, it also has a small graduate program leading to the Master of Arts in Teaching. The college competes in NCAA Division I sports and is part of the Patriot League athletic conference and ECAC Hockey.
WGC Match Play
The WGC Match Play, titled in later years as the WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play for sponsorship reasons, was a professional men's golf tournament that had been held since 1999. It was the only one of the World Golf Championships to have been contested using the match play format. From 2016 until its final year in 2023, it was held at the Austin Country Club in Austin, Texas, United States.

Previous names include WGC-Dell Match Play (2015), WGC-Cadillac Match Play (2014), WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship (2001–2013), and WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship (1999–2000). Before moving to Austin it had been hosted in Arizona eight times, California eight times, and Australia once. It is sanctioned and organized by the International Federation of PGA Tours and the prize money is official money on the PGA Tour, the European Tour and the Japan Golf Tour. Tiger Woods has the record number of wins with three. The winner receives a Wedgwood trophy named the Walter Hagen Cup.

Japan Golf Tour
The Japan Golf Tour (Japanese: 日本ゴルフツアー機構) is a prominent professional golf tour. It was founded in 1973 and as of 2006, it offered the third-highest annual prize fund out of the regular (that is not for seniors) men's professional tours after the PGA Tour and the European Tour. However, since the early 1990s, the growth in prize money has not kept pace with that on the two larger tours. Official events on the Japan Golf Tour count for Official World Golf Ranking points and success on the tour can also qualify members to play in the majors.
1969 Ethiopian general election
General elections were held in Ethiopia in 1969 to elect all members of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Imperial Parliament. Political parties were banned, so all candidates were independents, and Aklilu Habte-Wold remained Prime Minister.

The number of registered voters increased to 5.2 million, with 3.4 million voting. The number of candidates also increased, rising to 1,500.

Prime Minister of Ethiopia
The prime minister of Ethiopia is the head of government and chief executive of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a parliamentary republic with a prime minister as head of the government and the commander-in-chief of the Ethiopian Armed Forces. The prime minister is the most powerful political figure in Ethiopian politics. The official residence of the prime minister is the Menelik Palace in Addis Ababa. The prime minister is elected from the members of the House of Peoples' Representatives and presents a government platform. The prime minister must receive a vote of confidence in the House of Peoples' Representatives to exercise executive power as chief executive. Abiy Ahmed is the third prime minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, serving since April 2018.
Brutus Island
Brutus Island (54°4′S 37°9′W﻿ / ﻿54.067°S 37.150°W﻿ / -54.067; -37.150) is a small island lying near the center of Prince Olav Harbour on the north coast of South Georgia. The descriptive name Saddle Island was given for this feature, probably by a British expedition under Ernest Shackleton, 1921–22, but the same name is used elsewhere in the Antarctic; to avoid confusion a new name has been approved for this feature. The name Brutus Island, after the hulk Brutus, which was towed across with coal from South Africa by two small catchers and has for many years been moored alongside the whaling station in Prince Olav Harbour, was proposed by Harold Salvesen.

Harold Salvesen
Captain Harold Keith Salvesen  FRSE DL (30 July 1897 – 1 February 1970) was a British businessman of Norwegian descent, who taught economics at the University of Oxford before becoming a partner in the family whaling and shipping firm Christian Salvesen.
Okinawa 2nd district
Okinawa 2nd district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan (national legislature). It is located in Okinawa Prefecture and encompasses the cities of Urasoe and Ginowan, and Nakagami District. As of 2016, 288,070 eligible voters were registered in the district.

Ginowan, Okinawa
Ginowan (Japanese: 宜野湾市, Hepburn: Ginowan-shi; Okinawan: ジノーン, romanized: Jinōn) is a city located in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2024, the city has an estimated population of 100,319, with 47,490 households and a population density of 5,142 persons per km2. The total area is 19.51 km2.

The city borders Chatan to the west, Okinawa City to the north, Urasoe to the south and Nishihara to the east.
Pristimantis delius
Pristimantis delius is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in the Amazon basin of Ecuador, northern Peru, and western Brazil (Acre state).
Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Jane Currie Blaikie Hoge
Jane Currie Blaikie Hoge (July 31, 1811 – August 26, 1890) was a welfare worker, fund raiser, and nurse during the American Civil War. She was a founder of a homeless shelter in Chicago before the war. After the war, she raised funds, helped organize and served on the board of trustees of the Evanston College for Ladies. She served as head of the Woman's Presbyterian Board of Missions of the Northwest for thirteen years.

Fundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for for-profit enterprises.

Traditionally, fundraising has consisted mostly of asking for donations through face-to-face fundraising, such as door-knocking. In recent years, though, new forms such as online fundraising or grassroots fundraising have emerged.
The 180
The 180 was a Canadian radio talk show, which aired weekly on CBC Radio One from 2013 to 2017. Hosted by Jim Brown from the network's studio in Calgary, Alberta, the show highlighted issues in the news by interviewing guests with provocative or unusual perspectives that differ from conventional wisdom, in the hopes of sparking debate on topics of public interest. For instance, after the 2013 Supreme Court of Canada decision that struck down Canada's existing prostitution laws, while most media outlets interviewed sex workers about the decision The 180 opted to highlight a lesser-heard perspective by interviewing a pimp.

The show originally aired Sunday evenings at 8 p.m. In May 2014, the network announced that the show would move to a Sunday morning slot in September, concurrent with a reduction of The Sunday Edition's running time from three hours to two. In June 2017, Brown announced that the show would not be returning to the CBC radio schedule in the fall.

CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet, and through mobile apps. CBC Radio One is simulcast across Canada on Bell Satellite TV satellite channels 956 and 953, and Shaw Direct satellite channel 870.
A modified version of Radio One, with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming, is available on Sirius XM channel 169. It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart, Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

In 2010, Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week. It was the largest radio network in Canada.
Barry Young (cricketer)
Barry James Young (born 12 October 1975) is an English former cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Bedfordshire County Cricket Club. He was born in Luton.

Young made a single List A appearance for the team, during the 1997 NatWest Trophy. From the lower order, he scored 30 not out.

Bedfordshire County Cricket Club
Bedfordshire County Cricket Club is one of 20 Minor County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Bedfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Bedfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team.
2024 Engie Open Florianópolis – Men's doubles
Pedro Boscardin Dias and Gustavo Heide were the defending champions but only Boscardin Dias chose to defend his title, partnering Gabriel Roveri Sidney. They lost in the first round to Luís Britto and Paulo André Saraiva dos Santos.

Daniel Cukierman and Carlos Sánchez Jover won the title after defeating Lorenzo Joaquín Rodríguez and Franco Roncadelli 6–0, 3–6, [10–4] in the final.

Franco Roncadelli
Franco Roncadelli (born 6 February 2000) is a Uruguayan tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 331 achieved on 23 February 2026 and a career high doubles ranking of No. 236 achieved on 3 November 2025. He is currently the No. 1 Uruguayan player.
Florida State Road 277
State Road 277 (SR 277) is a north-south state and county highway in the panhandle in the U.S. state of Florida that extends from State Road 79 (SR 79) in Vernon to U.S. Route 90 (US 90) in Hulaw west of Chipley. SR 277 runs entirely through Washington County, although one of the two county extensions runs through both Washington and Jackson Counties, Most, if not all of the road is a two-lane undivided highway. Between its termini, SR 277 intersects with no state roads other than former ones, and shares a concurrency with at least one of those county roads. A sizeable portion of the road runs in close proximity to the east side of Holmes Creek.

Holmes Creek (Florida)
Holmes Creek is a tributary of the Choctawhatchee River in the Florida panhandle. The lower half of the stream is fed by many springs, is designated as a paddling trail, and is home to an unusual diversity of freshwater snails.
David Pool
David Allen Pool (born December 20, 1966) is an American former professional football defensive back in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Buffalo Bills, New England Patriots, and Miami Dolphins. He played college football for the Tennessee State Tigers and Carson–Newman Eagles. Pool was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the sixth round of the 1990 NFL draft.

1990 NFL draft
The 1990 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 22–23, 1990, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The Dallas Cowboys would have had the first overall pick in the draft for the second consecutive year by virtue of their league-worst 1–15 record in 1989. However, the Cowboys forfeited their first-round pick by selecting quarterback Steve Walsh in the first round of the previous year's supplemental draft. The first pick instead went to the Atlanta Falcons, who traded it to the Indianapolis Colts. The Colts then used the first overall pick to select quarterback Jeff George.
Little Boys
"Little Boys" is the fourth episode in the third season of the television series How I Met Your Mother and 48th overall. It originally aired on CBS on October 15, 2007. The episode received middling reviews. The plot centers around Robin dating a man who has a child, which the character claims to despise but comes round to the concept. A central theme is the woes of the dating world, with Ted, Marshall and Barney also participating in various pick-up strategies.

How I Met Your Mother season 3
The third season of the American television comedy series How I Met Your Mother premiered on September 24, 2007 and concluded on May 19, 2008. It consisted of 20 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length. CBS broadcast the third season on Monday nights at 8:00 pm in the United States until December 10, 2007 when the season was interrupted by the writer's strike. When the season continued on March 17, 2008, it was moved back to 8:30pm. The complete third season was released on Region 1 DVD on October 7, 2008. In the United Kingdom it aired via E4 from October 30, 2009 weekdays at 7:30pm.
Vulcan (automobile company)
Vulcan Manufacturing Company was an American brass era automobile manufacturer based in Painesville, Ohio, founded in 1914.

Vulcan's first products were the Model 27 speedster and five-passenger tourer. They ran on a 115 in (2,900 mm) wheelbase and had a 27 hp (20 kW) engine 3+3⁄8 in × 5 in (86 mm × 127 mm) and left-hand drive. The speedster was US$750 and the tourer $850, compared to $650 for the high-volume Oldsmobile Runabout.

The Vulcan Power Wagon truck was produced around 1915, at least some under license by Driggs-Seabury, and was rated at three to seven tons depending on model.

Touring car
Touring car and tourer are both terms for open cars (i.e. cars without a fixed roof). "Touring car" is a style of open car built in the United States which seats four or more people. The style was popular from the early 1900s to the 1930s. The cars used for touring car racing in various series since the 1960s, are unrelated to these early touring cars, despite sharing the same name.

"Tourer" is used in British English for any open car. The term "all-weather tourer" was used to describe convertibles (vehicles that could be fully enclosed). A popular version of the tourer was the torpedo, with the hood/bonnet line level at the car's waistline giving the car a straight line from front to back.
Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research
The Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNG IMR) is the principal institution conducting health research in Papua New Guinea with a focus on health problems affecting the country's population.

Madang
Madang (old German name: Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen) is the capital of Madang Province and is a town with a population of 27,420 (in 2005) on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. The city is also one of the major towns in Papua New Guinea.
Synod of Mâcon
There have been several synods of Mâcon, provincial church councils held in the city of Mâcon, then the seat of a diocese.

The second and third councils were both convoked by the Burgundian king Guntram. The third is associated with a legendary debate on women's souls.

Kingdom of Burgundy
Kingdom of Burgundy named after the Germanic tribe of Burgundians, was a name given to various successive kingdoms centered in the historical region of Burgundy during the Middle Ages. The heartland of historical Burgundy correlates with the border area between France and Switzerland, and includes the major modern cities of Geneva and Lyon.

As a political entity, Burgundy existed in a number of forms with different boundaries. During the 9th century, it was divided into Upper and Lower Burgundy and Provence. Two of these entities, the first established around the 6th century and the second around the 11th century, were called the Kingdom of Burgundy. Later successors to this state included the Kingdom of Provence, the Duchy of Burgundy and the County of Burgundy.
Love Library
Love Library may refer one of two university libraries in the United States of America:

Don L. Love Memorial Library, at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska

Malcolm A. Love Library, at San Diego State University in San Diego, California

Malcolm A. Love Library
Malcolm A. Love Library (commonly referred to as University Library) is an academic library at San Diego State University (SDSU). The library first opened in 1971. It is named after former university president Malcolm A. Love.