hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PCSA
PCSA may stand for:

Primary census statistical area, in the United States census

Physiological cross sectional area of a pennate muscle

Primary care service area, geographic areas that are self-sufficient markets of primary care medicine

Presbyterian Church of Southern Africa

Priory Community School

Physiological cross-sectional area
In muscle physiology, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) is the area of the cross section of a muscle perpendicular to its fibers, generally at its largest point. It is typically used to describe the contraction properties of pennate muscles. It is not the same as the anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA), which is the area of the crossection of a muscle perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. In a non-pennate muscle the fibers are parallel to the longitudinal axis, and therefore PCSA and ACSA coincide.
Pakubuwono XII
Pakubuwono XII (also transliterated Pakubuwana XII; Surakarta, 14 April 1925 – Surakarta, 11 June 2004) was the eleventh Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta) and the longest-ruling of all monarchs in Surakarta history.

He reigned under Japanese occupation during the Second World War, and through the Sukarno and Suharto eras; in effect, three eras in which traditional Javanese power had been both respected and challenged.

Towards the end of his reign, he was able to stake  the claim of his palaces' context in the modern Indonesia by the publication of Karaton Surakarta: A Look into the Court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, Central Java which was published in the same year of his death.

Japanese militarism
Japanese militarism (日本軍国主義, Nihon gunkoku shugi) was the ideology in the Empire of Japan which advocated the belief that militarism should dominate the political and social life of the nation, and the belief that the strength of the military is equal to the strength of a nation. It was most prominent from the start of conscription after the Meiji Restoration until the Japanese defeat in World War II, roughly 1873 to 1945. Since then, pacifism has been enshrined in the postwar Constitution of Japan as one of its key tenets.
Quinine total synthesis
The total synthesis of quinine, a naturally occurring antimalarial drug, was developed over a 150-year period. The development of synthetic quinine is considered a milestone in organic chemistry although it has never been produced industrially as a substitute for natural occurring quinine. The subject has also been attended with some controversy: Gilbert Stork published the first stereoselective total synthesis of quinine in 2001, meanwhile shedding doubt on the earlier claim by Robert Burns Woodward and William Doering in 1944, claiming that the final steps required to convert their last synthetic intermediate, quinotoxine, into quinine would not have worked had Woodward and Doering attempted to perform the experiment. A 2001 editorial published in Chemical & Engineering News sided with Stork, but the controversy was eventually laid to rest once and for all when Robert Williams and coworkers successfully repeated Woodward's proposed conversion of quinotoxine to quinine in 2007.

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
Tafila Wind Farm
Tafila Wind Farm is a 117 MW wind farm located in Tafilah Governorate, Jordan. The farm consists of 38 turbines and was inaugurated in December 2015 by King Abdullah II. The project, which cost $287 million, is the first wind farm in the Kingdom and the region. The project also received $75 million, from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), which is a part of the World Bank Group. The venture aims to diversify energy resources in Jordan and boost the renewable energy contribution in the total energy mix.

International Finance Corporation
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., and a member of the World Bank Group. Established in 1956 as the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, the IFC provides investment, advisory, and asset-management services to support private-sector development in developing countries. Its goal is to help people achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprises.
Stepney Green cavern
Stepney Green cavern is an underground space which contains the junction where Crossrail divides into two branches: one to Shenfield and one to Abbey Wood. It is located below Stepney Green Park.

Construction began in March 2011. The cavern was built using spray concrete lining techniques. Excavation work was completed in 2013, with all major work completed in 2017. At the time of its completion, Stepney Green cavern was claimed to have been one of the largest mined caverns in Europe.

Stepney Green Park above the caverns was subsequently restored following construction.

Shenfield
Shenfield is a suburb of Brentwood, in Essex, England. It lies to the north-east of the town centre, and is served by Shenfield railway station. Shenfield was historically a separate village and parish. The civil parish was abolished in 1934, since when Shenfield has been administered as part of Brentwood. It now forms part of the Brentwood built up area. It gives its name to one of the wards of the Borough of Brentwood. At the 2021 census the ward had a population of 5,460.
Quadrato di Villafranca
Il Quadrato di Villafranca or Esercitazione di tiro is an oil painting on canvas created approximately between 1876 and 1880 by the Italian artist Giovanni Fattori depicting a scene of the Battle of Custoza of 1866.

The painting belonged to the Stramezzi collection of Crema and is published in the catalogue of Giovanni Malesci (Ed. De Agostini, Novara) al n° 175  with the title Esercitazione di Tiro. The painting has been exhibited at the Macchiaioli exhibition organized by the Board of the Gallery of Modern Art of Florence in 1956, at the Montecatini Terme exhibition in 1986 and at the Mole Antonelliana in Turin in 1986.

Montecatini Terme
Montecatini Terme (Montecatini-Terme, according to ISTAT documentation) is an Italian comune (municipality) of c. 20,000 inhabitants in the province of Pistoia, in the Italian region of Tuscany. It is the most important center in Valdinievole. The town is located at the eastern end of Piana di Lucca and has a strong tourism industry, as well as industrial and commercial industries related to the spa, which in turn has increased the interest in hotel accommodation in the region.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational "Great Spa Towns of Europe" UNESCO World Heritage Site, because of its famous mineral springs and its architecture exemplifying the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries.
The War on Truth
The War on Truth: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Invasion of Iraq but Your Government Wouldn't Tell You is a 2006 book that investigates the circumstances of the British involvement in the Iraq War, written by Herald journalist Neil Mackay.

Sunday Herald
The Sunday Herald was a Scottish Sunday newspaper, published between 7 February 1999 and 2 September 2018. Originally a broadsheet, it was published in compact format from 20 November 2005. The paper was known for having combined a centre-left stance with support for Scottish devolution, and later Scottish independence. The last edition of the newspaper was published on 2 September 2018 and it was replaced with Sunday editions of The Herald and The National.
WTYS-FM
WTYS-FM (94.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Southern gospel format. WTYS-FM is licensed to serve the community of Marianna, Florida, United States.  The station is currently owned by James L. Adams, Jr.

Marianna, Florida
Marianna is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Florida, United States, and it is home to Chipola College, part of the state's public system. The official nickname of Marianna is "The City of Southern Charm". The population was 6,245 at the 2020 census.
Acting prime minister
An acting prime minister is a member of a cabinet (often in Westminster system countries) who is serving in the role of prime minister, whilst the individual who normally holds the position is unable to do so. The role is often performed by the deputy prime minister (where that position exists), or by another senior minister.

The office is commonly used when the prime minister is absent from the territory of that nation or when the prime minister is unable to perform duties for health reasons.

The position of acting prime minister may be distinguished from that of caretaker prime minister (typically referring to an outgoing prime minister following an electoral defeat and who by convention does not implement new policies) and interim prime minister (who is appointed to perform a similar role to a caretaker prime minister).

Westminster system
The Westminster system, or Westminster model, is a type of parliamentary government modelled on that of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Key aspects of the system include an executive branch made up of members of the legislature which is responsible to the legislature, the presence of parliamentary opposition parties, and a ceremonial head of state who is separate from the head of government. The term derives from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the British parliament. The Westminster system can be contrasted with the presidential system, which originated in the United States, and with the semi-presidential system based on the government of France.

The Westminster system is used, or was once used, in the national and subnational legislatures of most former colonies of the British Empire upon gaining self-government, beginning with the Province of Canada in 1848. However, many former colonies have since adopted other forms of government.
1977–78 St. Louis Blues season
The 1977–78 St. Louis Blues season was the 11th for the franchise in St. Louis, Missouri.  Prior to the season, the team's founders, Sid Salomon Jr. and Sid Salomon III, sold the team to pet food giant Ralston Purina, and the St. Louis Arena became the Checkerdome.  The Blues finished the season with a record of 20 wins, 47 losses and 13 ties for 53 points, and finished out of the playoffs for only the second time in team history and for the first time since the 1973–74 season.

1973–74 St. Louis Blues season
The 1973–74 St. Louis Blues season was the seventh for the franchise in St. Louis, Missouri.  The Blues finished the season with a record of 26 wins, 40 losses and 12 ties for 64 points, placing them in sixth place.  The Blues missed the playoffs for the first time in franchise history, ending a six-season playoff streak.
The Chase, Ross-on-Wye
The Chase in Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, is a house of historical significance. It was built in 1818 by an attorney, and was a private residence of several notable people until it was sold in 1927. After that time it was converted to a hotel, and was used for this purpose until September 2019.

As a hotel, it had accommodation and restaurant facilities and catered for special events, particularly weddings. In January 2019, the owners held a pre-planning consultation for a proposal in which the original house would be restored and converted into flats and the grounds developed for housing.

The proposal was controversial, and resulted in significant changes to the Ross on Wye Neighbourhood Plan, then being drawn up by Ross Town Council. A local campaign group, Save the Chase 2020, is opposed to any building on the green space, and would prefer the hotel to remain as a hotel and community leisure facility, if a suitable buyer can be found.

King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster)
The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army. It served under various titles and fought in many wars and conflicts, including both the First and the Second World Wars, from 1680 to 1959. In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the Border Regiment to form the King's Own Royal Border Regiment.

Previous names include the 2nd Tangier Regiment, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of York and Albany's Regiment of Foot, The Queen's Regiment of Foot, and The King's Own Regiment.
Harvey Veniot
Harvey Alfred Veniot, QC (November 18, 1915 – October 2, 2009) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1956 to 1974 as a Progressive Conservative member.

Veniot was born in Pictou, Nova Scotia, the son of Alexander R. Veniot and Gladys Maclean, and was educated at Pictou Academy, St. Francis Xavier University, Dalhousie Law School and the University of Saskatchewan. He was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1940. Veniot married Rhoda Marion MacLeod in 1944.

Pictou Academy
Pictou Academy (PA), founded in 1815 by Dr. Thomas McCulloch, is a secondary school in Pictou, Nova Scotia. Prior to the twentieth century, it was a grammar school; a liberal, nonsectarian degree-granting college; and then a secondary school. Pictou Academy's current principal is Starr Pettipas. The Pictou Academy Educational Foundation provides additional funds to the school.

The original site of the academy was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1937, as it symbolized the introduction of nonsectarian education to The Maritimes in the early 19th century.

In 2017 the CCRSB elected a board of supervisors to survey the three schools in the town of Pictou. After a vote in the end process of the surveying the board decided upon closing the building constructed in the 1940s and moving Pictou Academy to the building beside what was formerly known as Dr. Thomas McCulloch Middle School.
Macedonia (food)
Macedonia (French: macédoine) is a French culinary term referring to a salad composed of small pieces of fruit or vegetables. Fruit Macedonia is a fresh fruit salad and is a common dessert in Greece, Romania, Spain, France, Italy and South America. Vegetable Macedonia or Macédoine de légumes nowadays is usually a cold salad or hors d'oeuvre of diced vegetables, in France often including red beans. Macédoine de légumes is also a hot vegetable dish consisting of the same vegetables served with butter. Prepared macédoine, a mixture of diced vegetables and often peas, is often sold canned or frozen. It is sometimes mixed with mayonnaise combined with aspic stock, making it similar to Russian salad.

Mayonnaise
Mayonnaise (/ˌmeɪəˈneɪz/), colloquially referred to as "mayo" (/ˈmeɪoʊ/), is a thick, creamy sauce with a rich and tangy taste that is commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, bound salads, and French fries. It also forms the base for various other sauces, such as tartar sauce, fry sauce, remoulade, salsa golf, ranch dressing, and rouille.

Mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil, egg yolk, and an acid, either vinegar or lemon juice; there are many variants using additional flavorings. The color varies from near-white to pale yellow, and its texture from a light cream to a thick gel.

Commercial eggless versions are made for those who avoid chicken eggs because of egg allergies, to limit dietary cholesterol, or because they adhere to a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Wildorado Wind Ranch
The Wildorado Wind Ranch, completed in 2007, is located on approximately 16,000 acres (6,500 ha) 25 miles (40 km) west of  Amarillo, Texas, and consists of 161 MW of wind turbines (70 Siemens Mk II turbines each capable of generating 2.3 MW at peak wind speeds). These turbines have the capacity to meet the electricity demand of more than 50,000 households. The Wildorado Wind Ranch was developed by Cielo Wind Power, of Austin, Texas, in conjunction with Edison Mission Group of Irvine, California,

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Alcantarilla Dam
The Alcantarilla Dam is an ancient Roman gravity dam built to supply water to the Roman city of Toletum (present-day Toledo, Spain), in the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis. It was constructed in the 2nd century BC on a tributary of the Tagus River. Currently in ruins, it is located between the towns of Sonseca and Mazarambroz (Toledo). It is believed to be the oldest dam in Spain and possibly the oldest known Roman dam.

The toponym "Alcantarilla" means conduit and is of Arabic origin: its Latin name is unknown. It was 20 metres (66 ft) high and at least 550 metres (1,800 ft) long. The water was conveyed to the city by an aqueduct which passed through Layos.

Influence of Arabic on Spanish
Arabic influence on the Spanish language overwhelmingly dates from the Muslim era of the Iberian Peninsula between 711 and 1492. The influence results mainly from the large number of Arabic loanwords and derivations in Spanish, plus a few other less obvious effects.
Simca Esplanada
The Simca Esplanada is a large car manufactured by Simca do Brasil in Brazil from 1966 to 1969. It was manufactured at Simca do Brasil's São Bernardo do Campo factory. Launched at the 1966 Salão do Automóvel in São Paulo, it replaced the Simca Chambord and related models.  The basic platform of the Esplanada can be traced back through the French-built Simca Vedette to the Ford Vedette. The Emi-Sul engine was derived from the Ford Motor Company flathead V8 of 1932, thanks to the use of Zora Arkus-Duntov's "Ardun" hemispherical cylinder heads. This iteration was the last version of that design to be built for a production car.

São Paulo International Motor Show
The São Paulo International Motor Show (Salão International do Automóvel de São Paulo) is the biggest and most important automotive event in Latin America. The São Paulo International Motor Show has been held in São Paulo since 1960. Originally being held irregularly, it has been a bi-annual show since 1984 (although there was no 2020 edition due to the coronavirus pandemic). In 1990 the event became internationalized and the domestic industry showed its capacity for global competition.
Rith
Rith (Irish pronunciation: [ɾˠɪh]) is a relay race organised in support of the Irish language. It was held for the first time in 2010 and coincided with Seachtain na Gaeilge, the Week of the Irish Language. The original race started in Belfast and finished in Galway. Each race traverses both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Foras na Gaeilge partly funds the race.

Rith is a spin-off from the Korrika, a relay race organised in the Basque in support of the Basque language since 1980. It has since spun off the Correllengua in Catalonia; Corsa d'Aran in Val d'Aran (also Catalonia);  Correlingua in Corsica; 'La Passem' in Gascony; and Ar Redadeg in Brittany.

Basque Country (greater region)
The Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria; Spanish: País Vasco; French: Pays basque; Occitan: Pais Basco) is the name given to the home of the Basque people. The Basque Country is located in the western Pyrenees, straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay.

Encompassing the Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain and the Northern Basque Country in France, the region is home to the Basque people (Basque: Euskaldunak), their language (Basque: Euskara), culture and traditions. The area is neither linguistically nor culturally homogeneous, and certain areas have a majority of people who do not consider themselves Basque, such as the south of Navarre. The concept is still highly controversial, and the Supreme Court of Navarre has upheld a denial of government funding to school books that include the Navarre community within the Basque Country area.
Rosemary Sassoon
Rosemary Sassoon (born 1931 in the United Kingdom and currently residing in Busselton, Western Australia) is an expert in handwriting, particularly that of children. She designed the Sassoon series of typefaces, produced in collaboration with Adrian Williams, which are intended to be particularly legible for children and learners.

Handwriting
Handwriting is the personal and unique style of writing with a writing instrument, such as a pen or pencil in the hand. Handwriting includes both block and cursive styles and is separate from generic and formal handwriting script/style, calligraphy or typeface. Because each person's handwriting is unique and different, it can be used to verify a document's writer. The deterioration of a person's handwriting is also a symptom or result of several different diseases. The inability to produce clear and coherent handwriting is also known as dysgraphia.
Kononov
Kononov (masculine), Kononova (feminine) is a Russian patronymic surname derived from the given name Konon (Conon).
Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Kononov, lay name of bishop Nikodim

Elena Kononova, Russian soccer player

Igor Kononov

Lyubov Kononova,  Kazakhstani track and field hurdler

Lyudmila Kononova, Russian lawyer and politician

Maria Kononova, Russian tennis player

Mikhail Kononov

Mykyta Kononov

Nikolay Kononov

Oleg Kononov

Oleksandra Kononova,  Ukrainian Paralympic skier

Vassili Kononov

Vitaliy Kononov

Vladimir Kononov (disambiguation) (several persons)

Vyacheslav Kononov

Nikolay Kononov
Nikolay Kononov (Russian: Никола́й Ви́кторович Ко́нонов, 24 August 1980, Moscow) is a Russian writer and journalist. He served as editor-in-chief of The Firm's Secret (2014–2017) and its editorial director until 2018. He is the author of four books: Deux Sine Machina: Stories of 20 crazy persons who made business in Russia from scratch (2011), Durov's Code. The real story of the social network "VKontakte" and its Creator (2012), The Uprising (2019), and The Night We Disappeared (2022).
Hesychia (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Hesychia (Ancient Greek: Ἡσυχείη) was a Thespian princess as one of the 50 daughters of King Thespius and Megamede, daughter of Arneus (or by one of his many wives). She bore Oestrobles to the hero Heracles.

Arneus
In Greek mythology, Arneus (Ancient Greek: Ἀρνέου) was the father of Megamede who became the mother of the 50 daughters of King Thespius of Thespiae. In other versions of the myth, these daughters were born from different unnamed mistresses of the ruler.
Success (The Weather Girls album)
Success is the third studio album by the American dance duo the Weather Girls and their first under that name. The album includes the group's biggest hit, "It's Raining Men", which peaked at number one on the U.S. Dance chart, number 46 on the U.S. Pop chart, and 34 on the U.S. R&B chart.

Paul Shaffer
Paul Allen Wood Shaffer CM (born November 28, 1949) is a Canadian musician, actor, and comedian who served as David Letterman's musical director, bandleader, and sidekick on Late Night with David Letterman (1982–1993) and Late Show with David Letterman (1993–2015).