hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 Moscow City Duma election
The election for the 6th convocation of the Moscow City Duma took place on 14 September 2014, which coincided with the United Voting Day. The elections were conducted using the first-past-the-post voting system, and a total of 45 deputies were elected in 45 single-member constituencies (previously, the Duma had 35 deputies) from a pool of 258 candidates. The term for the new Duma was set at five years. The voting process occurred across more than 3,500 polling stations throughout the city. The final results of the election were announced on September 16, 2014.

Out of the elected deputies, 17 individuals were re-elected from the previous City Duma. Following the tabulation of 100% of the ballots, the leading vote-getters included 28 candidates nominated by the United Russia party, 5 candidates from the Communist Party, 1 candidate from the Liberal Democratic Party, 1 candidate from Rodina, and 10 self-nominees who were supported by United Russia.

Rodina (political party)
The All-Russian Political Party "Rodina" is a nationalist political party in Russia. It is a coalition of thirty nationalist groups that was established by Dmitry Rogozin, Sergey Glazyev, Sergey Baburin, Viktor Gerashchenko, Georgy Shpak, Valentin Varennikov and others in August 2003. The party's ideology combines "patriotism, nationalism, and a greater role for the government in the economy", and is described as pro-Kremlin. Its headquarters is located in Moscow.

In the 2003 legislative elections, Rodina won 9.02% of the vote and ended up with 37 of the 450 seats in the State Duma. In the 2016 elections, it won 1.51% of the vote and ended up with one seat. In the 2021 elections, it won 0.80% of the vote and ended up with one seat. The party supports President Vladimir Putin.
Richie Anderson (American football)
Richard Darnell Anderson (born September 13, 1971) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets and Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Sammy Youssouf
Sammy Youssouf (born 7 September 1976) was a Danish professional football player, who ended his professional career representing Vejle Boldklub in the Danish Superliga.

Youssouf signed for St Johnstone in January 2002, and scored on his debut in a 4-1 loss to Dundee United. He signed for Queens Park Rangers in January 2006.

Youssouf made his debut for Vejle Boldklub on 5 August 2007 scoring one goal in the 2-1 win against Skive IK. In the summer of 2009, he had to retire from professional football due to injuries.

Skive IK
Skive Idræts Klub, commonly known as Skive IK, SIK (especially locally) or simply Skive, is a Danish professional football club based in Skive, Central Denmark Region. Founded in 1901, the club is affiliated with the DBU Jutland association and play their home games at Hancock Arena. The club colours are yellow and blue.
Karl Leyser
Karl Joseph Leyser TD FBA (24 October 1920 – 27 May 1992) was a German-born British historian who was Fellow and Tutor in History, Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1948 to 1984, and Chichele Professor of Medieval History at Oxford University, from 1984 to 1988.

Territorial Decoration
The Territorial Decoration (TD) was a military medal of the United Kingdom awarded for long service in the Territorial Force and its successor, the Territorial Army.

This award superseded the Volunteer Officer's Decoration when the Territorial Force was formed on 1 April 1908, following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907, (7 Edw.7, c.9) which was a large reorganisation of the old Volunteer Army and the remaining units of militia and Yeomanry.  However, the Militia were transferred to the Special Reserve rather than becoming part of the Territorial Force. Recipients of this award are entitled to use the letters "TD" after their name (post-nominal).
Teneu
Teneu (or Thenew (Latin: Theneva), Tannoch, Thaney, Thanea, Denw, etc.) is a legendary Christian saint who was venerated in medieval Glasgow, Scotland. Traditionally she was a sixth-century Brittonic princess of the ancient kingdom of Gododdin (in what became Lothian) and the mother of Saint Mungo, apostle to the Britons of Strathclyde and founder of the city of Glas Ghu (Glasgow). She and her son are regarded as the city's co-patrons, and Glasgow's St Enoch Square allegedly marks the site of a medieval chapel dedicated to her, built on or near her grave ("St. Enoch" is in fact a corruption of "St. Teneu"). She is commemorated annually on 18 July.

Gododdin
The Gododdin (Welsh pronunciation: [ɡɔˈdɔðɪn]) were a Brittonic people of north-eastern Britannia, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North (modern south-east Scotland and north-east England), in the sub-Roman period.  Descendants of the Votadini, they are best known as the subject of the 6th-century Welsh poem Y Gododdin, which memorialises the Battle of Catraeth and is attributed to Aneirin.

The name Gododdin is the Modern Welsh form, but the name appeared in Old Welsh as Guotodin and derived from the tribal name Votadini recorded in Classical sources, such as in Greek texts from the Roman period.
Lake Barombi Koto
Lake Barombi Koto, also known as Lake Barombi Kotto or Lake Barombi-ba-Kotto, is a small lake in the volcanic chain in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. It is a volcanic lake with a diameter around 1.2 km (0.75 mi). A small island in the middle is densely inhabited by the Barombi, a tribe of fishers. The Tung Nsuia and Tung Nsuria streams, each about 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) wide and 0.3 m (1 ft 0 in) deep near their mouths, are the only inflows into the lake, and they dry out in dry season.

Cameroon line
The Cameroon line (French: Ligne du Cameroun, Portuguese: Linha dos Camarões, Spanish: cordillera de Camerún) is a 1,600 km (1,000 mi) long chain of volcanoes that includes islands in the Gulf of Guinea and mountains on the African mainland, from Mount Cameroon on the coast towards Lake Chad on the northeast. They form a natural border between eastern Nigeria and the West Region of Cameroon. 
The islands, which span the equator, have tropical climates and are home to many unique plant and bird species. The mainland mountain regions are much cooler than the surrounding lowlands, and also contain unique and ecologically important environments.

The Cameroon volcanic line is geologically unusual in extending through both the ocean and the continental crust. Various hypotheses have been advanced by different geologists to explain the line.
Martina Guiggi
Martina Guiggi (born 1 May 1984) is an Italian volleyball player who plays as a middle blocker. She competed at the 2008 and 2016 Olympics and won the 2007 Women's European Volleyball Championship and 2007 FIVB Women's World Cup.

Guangdong Evergrande Volleyball Club (women)
Guangdong Evergrande V.C. (simplified Chinese: 广东恒大女子排球俱乐部; traditional Chinese: 廣東恆大女子排球俱樂部) is a Chinese professional women's volleyball club, currently based in Shenzhen, Guangdong, founded in 2009 and sponsored by Evergrande Group. They are the winners of the bronze medal at the 2013 FIVB Women's Club World Championship and won one champion title of Chinese Volleyball League.
Vipadenant
Vipadenant (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name; developmental code name BIIB014 and others) is an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist which was under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and cancer but was never marketed. It is taken orally. The drug was first described in the scientific literature by 2006. It was under development by Vernalis, Biogen, and Juno Therapeutics. Vipadenant reached phase 2 clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Condica conducta
Condica conducta is a moth of the family Noctuidae described by Francis Walker in 1857. It has a wide range and occurs in Africa (including South Africa, Congo, Madagascar and Réunion) as well as in Hong Kong, Fiji, the Society Islands and the Chagos Archipelago.

Larvae have been recorded on Senecio species.

Society Islands
The Society Islands are an archipelago in Polynesia in the South Pacific Ocean. Politically, the islands are part of French Polynesia, an semi-autonomous part of France. The largest and most populous island is Tahiti. Other major islands are Moʻorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora and Huahine.
2015 Individual Ice Racing World Championship
The 2015 FIM Ice Speedway Gladiators World Championship was the 2015 version of FIM Individual Ice Racing World Championship season. The world champion was determined by ten races hosted in five cities Krasnogorsk, Tolyatti, Almaty, Assen and Inzell between 31 January and 15 March 2015.

2015 in sports
2015 in sports describes the year's events in world sport. This year, some sporting events listed below are qualifying ones, for athletes, to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. From July 2015 to May 2016, the venues for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics will be tested, by hosting various events in them.
L. H. Hausam
Louis Henry Hausam (June 14, 1870 – January 13, 1941) was a professor of writing and graphology in the United States.  He was president of the Hausam School of Penmanship in Hutchinson, Kansas, and founded Great Western Business and Normal College in Concordia, Kansas.

Hausam published the "New Education in Penmanship" in 1898, called "the greatest work of the kind ever published." He authored other textbooks on writing, penmanship, and graphology while actively working with several business colleges of his day.

Concordia, Kansas
Concordia is a city in and the county seat of Cloud County, Kansas, United States.  It is located along the Republican River in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains in North Central Kansas.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 5,111.  Concordia is home of the Cloud County Community College and the Nazareth Convent and Academy.
Diocese of Egypt
The Diocese of Egypt (Latin: Dioecesis Aegypti; Greek: Διοίκησις Αἰγύπτου) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire (from 395 the Eastern Roman Empire), incorporating the provinces of Egypt and Cyrenaica. Its capital was at Alexandria, and its governor had the unique title of praefectus augustalis ("Augustal Prefect", of the rank vir spectabilis; previously the governor of the imperial 'crown domain' province Egypt) instead of the ordinary vicarius. The diocese was initially part of the Diocese of the East, but in ca. 380, it became a separate entity, which lasted until its territories were overrun by the Muslim conquest of Egypt in the 640s.

Vir illustris
The title vir illustris (lit. 'illustrious man') is used as a formal indication of standing in late antiquity to describe the highest ranks within the senates of Rome and Constantinople. All senators had the title vir clarissimus (lit. 'very famous man'); but from the mid fourth century onwards, vir illustris and vir spectabilis (lit. 'admirable man', a lower rank than illustris) were used to distinguish holders of high office.
Transverse humeral ligament
The transverse humeral ligament (Brodie's ligament) forms a broad band bridging the lesser and greater tubercle of the humerus.  Its attachments are limited superior to the epiphysial line. By enclosing the canal of the bicipital groove (intertubercular groove), it functions to hold the long head of the biceps tendon within the bicipital groove.

Studies using MRIs, cadaver dissections, and histological analysis suggest that the transverse humeral ligament may not actually be a ligament, but simply a portion of the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle often mistaken for a separate ligament during dissections.

Ligament
A ligament is a type of fibrous connective tissue in the body that connects bones to other bones. It also connects flight feathers to bones, in dinosaurs and birds. All 30,000 species of amniotes (land animals with internal bones) have ligaments.

It is also known as articular ligament, articular larua, fibrous ligament, or true ligament.
Thomas H. Hubbard
Thomas Hill Hubbard (December 5, 1781 – May 21, 1857) was an American lawyer, judge and public official from Madison County, New York. A member of the Democratic-Republican party, Hubbard was twice elected as U.S. Representative from New York and was a three-time Presidential elector.

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, established in 1869, and sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route from Buffalo, New York, to Chicago, Illinois, primarily along the south shore of Lake Erie (in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio) and across northern Indiana. The line's trackage remains a major rail transportation corridor used by Amtrak passenger trains and several freight lines; in 1998, its ownership was split at Cleveland, Ohio, between CSX Transportation to the east and Norfolk Southern Railway in the west.
The Myth of the Happily Ever After
The Myth of the Happily Ever After is the ninth studio album by Scottish rock band Biffy Clyro, released on 22 October 2021 on 14th Floor and Warner Records. Produced by the band itself and Adam Noble, the album was recorded at the band's home studio on a dairy farm in Ayrshire, Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Considered to be a 'sister album' to their 2020 album, A Celebration of Endings, the album's release was accompanied by a documentary film, called Biffy Clyro: Cultural Sons of Scotland, which documented its writing and recording process across 2020 and 2021. Released to critical acclaim, the album debuted at number four on the UK Albums Chart and number one on the Scottish Albums Chart.

Scottish Singles and Albums Charts
The Scottish Albums Chart is a chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) which is based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Albums Chart fare in Scotland. The official singles chart for Scotland, the Scottish Singles Chart, which was based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Singles Chart were faring in Scotland has not been published since 20 November 2020.

Since 20 November 2020, only the Scottish Albums Chart has been published by the OCC, and it has been based on physical sales only, with the OCC only publishing the albums chart on their website since 11 December 2020.
Nurul Qomar
Nurul Qomar (11 March 1960 – 8 January 2025), or better known by his stage name Abah Qomar, Komar, or Qomar, was an Indonesian politician, actor and comedian of Sundanese descent who once served as a Member of the Indonesian House Of Representatives for two periods from 2004 to 2014. Together with Derry, Eman, and Ginanjar, they formed the comedy group Empat Sekawan which known through the sitcom Lika-Liku Laki-Laki.

Sundanese people
The Sundanese (Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: Urang Sunda; Indonesian: Orang Sunda) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to western part of Java island in Indonesia, with the term Tatar Pasundan (ᮒᮒᮁ ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪) or Pasundan (ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪) which covers most of the administrative areas of the provinces of West Java, Banten, and western part of Central Java. They number approximately 42 million and form Indonesia's second largest ethnic group, and the fourth largest in Southeast Asia. They speak the Sundanese language, which is part of the Austronesian languages.

Sundanese migrants can also be found in Lampung, South Sumatra, and, to a lesser extent, in Central Java and East Java.
The Sundanese people can also be found on several other islands in Indonesia such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Papua.
Indocyanine green angiography
Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is a diagnostic procedure used to examine choroidal blood flow and associated pathology. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a water soluble cyanine dye which shows fluorescence in near-infrared (790–805 nm) range, with peak spectral absorption of 800-810 nm in blood. The near infrared light used in ICGA penetrates ocular pigments such as melanin and xanthophyll, as well as exudates and thin layers of sub-retinal vessels. Age-related macular degeneration is the third main cause of blindness worldwide, and it is the  leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Indocyanine green angiography is widely used to study choroidal neovascularization in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. In nonexudative AMD, ICGA is used in classification of drusen and associated subretinal deposits.

Drusen
Drusen, from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The presence of a few small ("hard") drusen is normal with advancing age, and most people over 40 have some hard drusen. However, the presence of larger and more numerous drusen in the macula is a common early sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Bo (instrument)
The bo (simplified Chinese: 钹; traditional Chinese: 鈸; pinyin: bó; Wade–Giles: po) is a percussion instrument originating in China, a type of cymbal. It consists of two plates that are clashed together.  It is a concussion idiophone.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art has one from nineteenth century China.  Both parts have a diameter of 56.5 centimeters.

China cymbals used by rock and jazz drummers are similar to the bo, but are mounted on stands and played with drumsticks. Bo are usually realized in bronze. In the Sichuan opera they are used to emphasize the movements of actors.

Xiaobo is a variant of cymbals whose diameter ranges from 12 cm to 14 cm. Other variants are zhongbo (medium cymbals), shuibo (water cymbals) and dabo (large cymbals).

Sichuan opera
Sichuan opera (Chinese: 川劇; Sichuanese Pinyin: Cuan1ju4; pinyin: Chuānjù) is a type of Chinese opera originating in Sichuan province, China, around 1700. Today's Sichuan opera is a relatively recent synthesis of five historic melodic styles. Chengdu is the main home of Sichuan opera, while other influential locales include Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei, and Taiwan. Sichuan opera was listed among the first batch of the Chinese Ministry of Culture's "Intangible Cultural Heritage List", announced on 20 May 2006.

Notable characteristics of Sichuan opera include quick changes of masks or personae (known as bian lian or face changing) and the importance of the character of the fool.
Hit Factory (album)
Hit Factory is a compilation album of songs by the Monkees, released by Pair Records in 1985 and licensed from Arista Records. The album was available as a two-record set or single cassette and sold surprisingly well the year following its release, after the Pleasant Valley Sunday MTV marathon of their television series in February 1986 reawakened interest in the Monkees.

Despite its title, the album did not include a full selection of hit singles, instead featuring a mixture of hits, B-sides and album tracks, including then-rarely heard songs from the Monkees' 1968 film Head and their 1969 albums Instant Replay and The Monkees Present. The Billboard chart hit "Tapioca Tundra" (No. 34) makes its U.S. compilation debut here.

The photo of the band used on the cover is a flipped image from the original.

Pleasant Valley Sunday
"Pleasant Valley Sunday" is a song by Gerry Goffin and Carole King, recorded and released by the Monkees in the summer of 1967. Inspired by their move to West Orange, New Jersey, and named after a street there, Goffin and King wrote the song about Goffin's dissatisfaction with life in the suburbs.

The Monkees' version differs somewhat from Goffin and King's demo, and their recording features a distinctive guitar intro played by Michael Nesmith and a heavily reverberated fade-out. It became one of the Monkees' most successful singles, peaking at No. 3 and continuing a string of top ten hits. The song was included on Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd., the group's fourth album, in November 1967.
Acacia uncifolia
Acacia uncifolia, commonly known as coast wirilda, is a wattle endemic to south-eastern Australia. It grows as a tall shrub or small tree, up to 2–6 m high and 2–4 m wide, in coastal areas of South Australia and Victoria, as well as on Tasmania’s Flinders Island and possibly other islands in Bass Strait. Its preferred habitats are coastal heathland, shrubland and dry open woodland on calcarenite soils. The phyllodes have hooked tips and the flowers are pale yellow. It is a host of the wireleaf mistletoe. It is listed as Rare under Tasmania's Threatened Species Protection Act 1995.

Flinders Island
Flinders Island, the largest island in the Furneaux Group, is a 1,367-square-kilometre (528 sq mi) island in the Bass Strait, northeast of the island of Tasmania. Today Flinders Island is part of the state of Tasmania, Australia. It is 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Cape Portland and is located on 40° south, a zone known as the Roaring Forties.