hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Software copyright
Software copyright is the application of copyright in law to machine-readable software. While many of the legal principles and policy debates concerning software copyright have close parallels in other domains of copyright law, there are a number of distinctive issues that arise with software. This article primarily focuses on topics particular to software.

Software copyright is used by software developers and proprietary software companies to prevent the unauthorized copying of their software. Free and open source licenses also rely on copyright law to enforce their terms. For instance, copyleft licenses impose a duty on licensees to share their modifications to the work with the user or copy owner under some circumstances. No such duty would apply had the software in question been in the public domain.

Machine-readable medium and data
In communications and computing, a machine-readable medium (or computer-readable medium) is a medium capable of storing data in a format easily readable by a digital computer or a sensor. 
It contrasts with human-readable medium and data.

The result is called machine-readable data or computer-readable data, and the data itself can be described as having machine-readability.
Jean Froissard
Jean Froissard is a French writer and a leading authority on the subject of horsemanship. He has written a number of reference works on the subject, some of them co-written with his wife Lily Powell who is also a novelist. Froissard has been conferred the highest degree of Ecuyer Professeur by the French Equestrian Federation. He lives with his wife in Paris, France.

French Equestrian Federation
The French Equestrian Federation (FFE) (French: Fédération française d'équitation) is a non-profit organization responsible for the management, promotion and development of equestrian disciplines in France. It also contributes to the selection of sport and leisure horses.

The FFE is a member of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI by its acronym in French) and the French National Olympic and Sports Committee (CNOSF by its acronym in French).

In 2017, the FFE had 644,800 members. It is France's third-largest (single-sport) sports federation in terms of the number of members, the fourth-largest in terms of the total number of federation memberships, and the second-largest equestrian federation in the world. Women account for 83% of the FFE's membership, and 27% are under ten years of age. One of the federation's challenges is to encourage young people growing up to continue riding. Between 1984 and 2011, the number of FFE members rose by 374%.
Candy Cummings
William Arthur "Candy" Cummings (October 18, 1848 – May 17, 1924) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a pitcher in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, and National League. Cummings is widely credited with inventing the curveball. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.

New York Mutuals
The Mutual Base Ball Club of New York was an American baseball club established in 1857, the year of the first baseball convention. The Mutuals just missed out on being a founding member of the National Association of Base Ball Players that year, but later became a charter member of both the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, or "NA", the first professional league, in 1871, and then the National League in 1876.
Torodora leucochlora
Torodora leucochlora is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1910. It is found on Borneo.

The wingspan is 16–18 mm. The forewings are light ochreous yellow with the extreme base white and with a straight white fascia near the base, as well as a straight white fascia before the middle, preceded by a fascia of light brownish suffusion. The hindwings are pale whitish yellowish, more whitish towards the base.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Glorious Song
Glorious Song (1976–2003) was a Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse who was a Champion in Canada and the United States and became an important broodmare. Bred by the prominent horseman E. P. Taylor at his Windfields Farm in Oshawa, Ontario, she was sired by Halo and out of the mare Ballade, who also produced U.S. Champion Devil's Bag.

Part of Windfields' annual consignment of yearlings to the Canadian Thoroughbred Horse Society sale at Woodbine Racetrack, Glorious Song was purchased for $36,000 by local businessman Frank Stronach, who at the time was just beginning to build a very successful Thoroughbred racing stable.

Eclipse Award
The Eclipse Award is an American Thoroughbred horse racing award named after the 18th-century British racehorse and sire, Eclipse.

An Eclipse Award Trophy is presented to the winner in each division. The trophy is made by a few small selected American foundries with expertise in studio bronze casting. It is then mounted on the hand-crafted native Kentucky walnut base to comprise the Eclipse Award on which a brass plate recites the award winner.

The equivalent award in Australia is the Australian Thoroughbred racing awards, in Canada the Sovereign Awards, and in Europe, the Cartier Racing Awards.
2022 Zavarovalnica Sava Portorož
The 2022 WTA Slovenia Open (also known as the Zavarovalnica Sava Portorož for sponsorship purposes) is a WTA 250 tournament play on outdoor hard courts. It is the 8th edition of the Slovenia Open. The 2022 event took place at the Tennis Club Portorož in Portorož, Slovenia from 12 to 18 September 2022.

The event was held on the second consecutive year in the alternative sporting calendar, however, it was one of the six tournaments that were given single-year WTA 250 licenses in September and October 2022 due to the cancellation of tournaments in China during the 2022 season because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the suspension of tournaments in China following former WTA player Peng Shuai's allegation of sexual assault against a Chinese government official.

Cristina Bucșa
Cristina Bucsa Bucsa (Romanian: Cristina Bucșa; born 1 January 1998) is a Moldovan-born Spanish professional tennis player. She has career-high rankings of world No. 50 in singles, achieved on 5 January 2026, and No. 19 in doubles, achieved on 10 June 2024. She is currently the No. 3 Spanish player. She won the bronze medal in doubles at the 2024 Summer Olympics and also seven WTA Tour doubles titles.
Yoshie Taira
Yoshie Taira (平 淑恵, Taira Yoshie) (born October 12, 1954, in Obihiro, Hokkaido) is a Japanese actress.  She graduated from St. Margaret's Junior College in Suginami, Tokyo.

From 1985 to 1999, she was a costar in the TBS prime-time television series Ōoka Echizen in the role of Yukie, the wife of Ōoka Tadasuke. She has also appeared in many other jidaigeki, including Gokenin Zankurō, Mito Kōmon, and Abarenbō Shōgun. Stage roles have included Akai Tsuki, Nemuri Hime, Koi Yamabiko, Benkei, Shishi o Kau – Rikyū to Hideyoshi, Zenigata Heiji, Kawaite Sōrō and many others. As a voice actress, she dubbed the mother in Doogie Howser, M.D., Amy Hasting in an episode of The New Perry Mason, and Abigail Bartlet in The West Wing. Taira has also appeared in films, and in television commercials for Yōmeishu and Kao.

She is married to filmmaker Rintaro Mayuzumi (m. 1989), the son of composer Toshiro Mayuzumi and actress Yōko Katsuragi.

Doogie Howser, M.D.
Doogie Howser, M.D. is an American medical sitcom that ran for four seasons on ABC from September 19, 1989, to March 24, 1993, totaling 97 episodes. Created by Steven Bochco and David E. Kelley, the show stars Neil Patrick Harris in the title role as a teenage physician who balances the challenge of practicing medicine with the everyday problems of teenage life.
Tritonal
Tritonal is a mixture of 80% TNT and 20% aluminium powder, used in several types of ordnance such as air-dropped bombs. The aluminium increases the total heat output and hence impulse of the TNT – the length of time during which the blast wave is positive. Tritonal is approximately 18% more powerful than TNT alone.

The 87 kg of tritonal in a Mark 82 bomb has the potential to produce approximately 863 MJ of energy when detonated. This implies a specific energy of approximately 9 MJ/kg, compared to ~4 MJ/kg for TNT.

Powder
A powder is a dry solid composed of many very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted. Powders are a special sub-class of granular materials, although the terms powder and granular are sometimes used to distinguish separate classes of material. In particular, powders refer to those granular materials that have the finer grain sizes, and that therefore have a greater tendency to form clumps when flowing. Granulars refer to the coarser granular materials that do not tend to form clumps except when wet.
1999–2000 Arsenal L.F.C. season
The 1999–2000 season was Arsenal Ladies Football Club's 13th season since forming in 1987. The club participated in the National Division of the FA Women's Premier League, finishing in third place. They won the Premier League Cup by defeating Croydon 4-1 in the Final, but lost to Doncaster Rovers Belles in the FA Cup. They also won the London County Cup, triumphing 3-0 over Wimbledon in the Final.

1999–2000 FA Women's Premier League Cup
The 1999–2000 FA Women's Premier League Cup was the 9th staging of the FA Women's Premier League Cup, a knockout competition for England's top 36 women's football clubs.

The tournament was won by Arsenal, who beat Croydon 4–1 in the final.
McLeans Island
McLeans Island is a rural area north and northwest of Christchurch city, and south of Waimakariri River.

The area was an island in the Waimakariri River until the 1930s, when flood control measures and Great Depression work schemes blocked the south branch of the river which separated the island from the south bank. It was named for the Scottish McLean family, who established Waimakariri Station on the south bank in the 1850s. Allan and John McLean owned the land after their brother Robertson returned to Scotland.

Part of the area is in Waimakariri River Regional Park, which contains McLeans Forest where there are walking, running and cycling tracks. Orana Wildlife Park is a zoo in the area. The McLeans Grassland Reserve, a 154-ha scenic reserve preserving one of the last remnants of pre-human Canterbury Plains vegetation, was created in 2021.

Canterbury Plains
The Canterbury Plains (Māori: Kā Pākihi-whakatekateka-a-Waitaha) are an area in New Zealand centred in the Mid Canterbury, to the south of the city of Christchurch in the Canterbury region. Their northern extremes are at the foot of the Hundalee Hills in the Hurunui District, and in the south they merge into the plains of North Otago beyond the Waitaki River. The smaller Amuri Plain forms a northern extension of the plains.
Munkholm Bridge
Munkholm Bridge (Danish: Munkholmbroen) is a 114 metres long arch bridge across the Ise Fjord linking the Holbæk area (Holbæk Municipality) with the Hornsherred peninsula (Lejre Municipality). The bridge is located six kilometers from the bottom of the inlet. It was completed in 1951 and inaugurated in 1952.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
Reign of Terror (Sleigh Bells album)
Reign of Terror is the second studio album by American noise pop duo Sleigh Bells. The album was released on February 21, 2012 by Mom+Pop.

Following the critical success of their debut album Treats, Sleigh Bells started writing new material for their next album while on tour for their debut album, and recorded it over the course of five months in 2011. Reign of Terror placed more emphasis on pop structures, guitar, and emotionally heavy lyrics than their overdriven, sample-heavy debut.

The album received a generally positive reception from critics. Reign of Terror debuted at number 12 on the Billboard 200 and spawned only one single: "Comeback Kid". To promote the album, Sleigh Bells toured across North America and Europe.

Noise pop
Noise pop is a subgenre of alternative and indie rock that emerged in the mid-1980s in the United Kingdom, originally pioneered by the Jesus and Mary Chain on their debut album Psychocandy. Elements of the style were also present in some bands associated with the British C86 movement. Noise pop later influenced the development of shoegaze.
Tamafaiga
Tamafaiga or Tamafainga (died 1829) was a Samoan king.

Tamafaiga was a war-priest from Manono Island who usurped the throne after the death of Safeofafine. He came to power after defeating Mataʻafa in 1827 or 1828. He ruled as a tyrant, and was worshiped as a god. The missionary John Williams reported that "he was the man in whom the spirit of the gods dwelt... the terror of all the inhabitants". He was killed by the people from the village Fasitoouta. He was killed after attempting to claim a daughter name Fuatino of their high chief name Leaupepe as his hundredth wife. Following his death Malietoa decimated Aʻana as punishment, and eventually claimed the kingship.

Manono Island
Manono is an island of Samoa, situated in the Apolima Strait between the main islands of Savai'i and Upolu, 3.4 km west-northwest off Lefatu Cape, the westernmost point of Upolu. By population, as well as by area, it is Samoa’s third largest island.

There are four villages on the island with a total population of 889 (2006 Census). Electricity was only introduced in 1995 and there are several shops with beach fale accommodation for visitors. The boat trip from Upolu island takes about 20 minutes.

The neighbouring islands are Apolima, which has a small village settlement and the islet Nu'ulopa.

Manono Island is part of the political district Aiga-i-le-Tai. The majority of people in the Aiga-i-le-Tai district live on the 'mainland' at the west end of Upolu island. Dogs of any kind are prohibited on Manono island.
So Cool (Take 6 album)
So Cool is a gospel music album by the American contemporary gospel music group Take 6, released on October 27, 1998, on Reprise Records.

It peaked at #24 on the Billboard charts. It was nominated for Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards.

Take 6
Take 6 is an American a cappella gospel sextet formed in 1980 on the campus of Oakwood College in Huntsville, Alabama. The group integrates jazz with spiritual and inspirational lyrics. Take 6 has received several Grammy Awards as well as Dove Awards, a Soul Train Award and nominations for the NAACP Image Award.

The band has worked with Ray Charles, Joe Sample, Nnenna Freelon, Gordon Goodwin, Don Henley, Whitney Houston, Al Jarreau, Quincy Jones, k.d. lang, Queen Latifah, The Manhattan Transfer, Johnny Mathis, Brian McKnight, Luis Miguel, Marcus Miller, Joe Sample, Ben Tankard, Randy Travis, CeCe Winans, Stevie Wonder and Jacob Collier. All original members grew up in the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
Lake Lamar
The Lago di Lamar is an alpine lake in the Valle dei Laghi, in southwestern Trentino, Italy, located at 750/800 meters above sea level. It is situated between the northern slopes of Monte Soprasasso, which separate it from the underlying Adige Valley (to which its hydrographic basin belongs) to the east, and the Paganella, to the west. Due to its position, it can be attributed both to the Valle dei Laghi, due to geographical proximity, and to the Adige Valley basin.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Cook County, New South Wales
Cook County was one of the original Nineteen Counties in New South Wales and is now one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It includes the area to the west of Sydney in the Blue Mountains, between the Colo River in the north, and the Coxs River in the south and west, encompassing Lithgow, Mount Victoria, Katoomba, Wentworth Falls, Lawson and most of the other towns in the Blue Mountains. The Nepean River is the border to the east. Before 1834, the area was part of the Westmoreland, Northumberland and Roxburgh counties.

Cook County was named in honour of the navigator James Cook (1728–1779). The Electoral district of Cook and Westmoreland was the first state electoral district for the area, between 1856 and 1859.

Lawson, New South Wales
Lawson is a town in the Blue Mountains area of New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the Great Western Highway between Hazelbrook in the east and Bullaburra in the west. Lawson has a station on the Main Western line. The town is also served by a public swimming pool and over the years has developed into the commercial hub of the mid-mountains area, which spans from Linden to Bullaburra, boasting a significant industrialized area as well as a shopping centre located on the south-eastern side of the highway.
Emmaus College, Melbourne
Emmaus College is an independent Roman Catholic comprehensive co-educational secondary day school, that serves the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The school has a Main Campus (years 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12) in Vermont South and a Year 9 campus in Burwood. It has a population of approximately 1,400 students. Emmaus College is a member of the Eastern Independent Schools of Melbourne having joined in 1989. Emmaus was used as external shots for Erinsborough High in Neighbours.

Congregation of Christian Brothers
The Congregation of Christian Brothers (Latin: Congregatio Fratrum Christianorum; abbreviated CFC) is a worldwide religious community within the Catholic Church, founded by Edmund Rice.

Their first school opened in Waterford, Ireland, in 1802. At the time of its foundation, though much relieved from the harshest of the Penal Laws by the Relief Acts, Catholics faced much discrimination throughout the newly created United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland pending full Catholic emancipation in 1829.

This congregation is sometimes referred to as simply "the Christian Brothers", leading to confusion with the De La Salle Brothers—also known as the Christian Brothers, sometimes by Lasallian organisations themselves. As such, Rice's congregation is sometimes called the Irish Christian Brothers or the Edmund Rice Christian Brothers.
Dmitri V. Nikulin
Dmitri V. Nikulin (born 1962) is a philosopher and the Agnes Heller Research Professor of Philosophy at The New School for Social Research in New York City, U.S. He has been a visiting professor at the École pratique des hautes études, Paris and the École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris. He has been a Fellow at the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Tübingen, Heidelberg, and  Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany, at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, where he worked with Alvin Plantinga, and at the Forschungskolleg Humanwissenschaften in Bad Homburg, Germany.

École pratique des hautes études
The École pratique des hautes études (French pronunciation: [ekɔl pʁatik de ot.z‿etyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a Grand Établissement.

EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or École des Mines). The college is closely linked to École française d'Extrême-Orient and Institut français du Proche-Orient.

Prominent researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE in the past such as Hervé Coutau-Bégarie. In addition, researchers in natural sciences (including neurosciences and chemistry) teach at EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot).
Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik) is a political party in Uttar Pradesh, India, launched by Raghuraj Pratap Singh, commonly known as Raja Bhaiya, in November 2018 at Ramabai Park, Lucknow, during a rally marking his 25 years in politics and after taking feedback from his electorate who overwhelmingly supported for forming a new party.

The party has raised the issues related to caste-based preferences in election and stands against Casteism in Politics. The party has also raised issues regarding disparity in the reservation system and SC/ST act to non-Dalits, in education and employment. Raja Bhaiyya's party won two seats in the Uttar Pradesh elections of 2022. Even after personal targeting by SP candidate Gulshan Yadav and SP president Akhilesh Yadav, Raja Bhaiya won his seat comfortably.

Aside  from Raghuraj Pratap Singh, the party had early support from Akshay Pratap Singh, Vinod Saroj and Shailendra Kumar.

Vinod Saroj
Vinod Kumar Saroj (born 1 July 1980) is a politician from Bela Pratapgarh, India. Since 2007, he has been elected on three occasions as an independent Member of the Legislative Assembly, representing the Babaganj assembly constituency of Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh.
Shigeto Ikeda
Shigeto Ikeda (池田 茂人, Ikeda Shigeto, 1925 - 2001) was a Japanese physician, regarded as the "father" of fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

He graduated from Keio University School of Medicine in 1952 and joined the Thoracic Surgery department. In 1966, he developed the first flexible bronchoscope in conjunction with Machida Endoscope Co. Ltd (later taken over by Pentax) and Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. This allowed better visualisation of the upper lobe bronchi than is possible with the rigid bronchoscope. Successive improvements under his supervision included the development of video-bronchoscopy.

His motto was "there is more hope with the bronchoscope".

Keio University
Keio University (Japanese: 慶應義塾大学, Hepburn: Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a private research university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It was originally established as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo. It was granted university status in 1920, becoming one of the first private universities in the country.

Keio University is also one of the member universities of RU11 and APRU, and it is one of two Japanese universities (alongside the University of Tokyo) to be a member of the World Economic Forum's Global University Leaders Forum.
Linda's tree frog
Linda's tree frog (Hyloscirtus lindae) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in Colombia and Ecuador between 2000 and 2500 meters above sea level. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, pastureland, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

The adult male frog measures 61.1–64.5 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female frog about 64.8 mm. The skin of the dorsum is metallic in appearance.  The skin of the ventrum and legs is black in color, but the climbing disks are orange. The iris of the eye is blue-gray with black reticulations.

This frog is a nocturnal animal.

This frog's common name refers to scientist Linda Trueb.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.