hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government Polytechnic Lucknow
Government Polytechnic Lucknow (राजकीय पालीटेक्निक लखनऊ) (GP Lucknow, or GPL) is an Indian Polytechnic institution of tertiary technical education for vocational courses. It was established in 1892, originally as an industrial training school, and was later upgraded to technical level in the 20th century. It is affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Board of Technical Education (BTEUP) and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
The Choleric Man
The Choleric Man is a 1774 comedy play by the British author Richard Cumberland. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 10 December 1774. The original cast included Thomas King as Andrew Nightshade, James Aickin as Manlove, John Hayman Packer as Stapleton, Samuel Reddish as Charles Manlove, Thomas Weston as Jack Nightshade, Robert Baddeley as Dibble, John Moody as Gregory, Francis Godolphin Waldron as Frampton. Roger Wright as Frederick, Elizabeth Hopkins as Mrs Stapleton, Frances Abington as Laetitia and Jane Pope as Lucy. The play's Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 14 April 1777. It also appeared later at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden.

Crow Street Theatre
Crow Street Theatre was a theatre in Dublin, Ireland, on Crow Street in the Temple Bar area of the city, originally opened in 1758 by the actor Spranger Barry. From 1788 until 1818 it was a patent theatre.
Alan Lipman
Alan J. Lipman is an American clinical psychologist and musician, who is currently a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the George Washington University Medical Center and the director of the Center for the Study of Violence.

He is based in Washington, D.C., studying causes of violence in adults and youth, mass and school shootings, murder and homicide. Lipman is also a commentator on the areas of violence, mass and school shootings, homicide, terrorism, psychology and psychotherapy, having served as commentator for various national media outlets. Lipman holds the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Clinical Psychology from Temple University as well as Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center. As a musician, he performs credited as X-Patriate.

Violence
Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain, injury, disablement, death, damage and destruction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.
Pterocheilus
Pterocheilus is an essentially holarctic genus of potter wasps with a fairly rich diversity in North America and a single Afrotropical species Pterocheilus eurystomus Kohl 1906 known from Socotra. They are usually rather large wasps characterized by reduced tegulae and prominently pilose labial palpi.

Franz Friedrich Kohl
Franz Friedrich Kohl (13 January 1851, in St. Valentin auf der Haide – 15 December 1924, in Traismauer) was an Austrian entomologist and folksong researcher.

Kohl was initially a middle school professor in Bolzano and then Innsbruck. He next worked in the Entomology Department, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. He specialised in Hymenoptera, especially Sphecidae. He is best known for his monograph Die Crabronen der paläarktischen Region monographisch bearbeitet. Ann. Hofmus. Wien. 29: 1-453 (1915).
Simon Lightwood
Simon Robert Lightwood (born 15 December 1980) is a British Labour and Co-operative Party politician serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Wakefield and Rothwell since 2024. From a 2022 by-election until 2024, he represented Wakefield. He has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Transport since July 2024, having previously been Shadow Minister for Local Transport from 2022 until 2024.

Wakefield (UK Parliament constituency)
Wakefield was a constituency in West Yorkshire, England. It was created as a borough constituency in 1832 and reformed as a county constituency in 1885.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Its area was split between the new seats of Wakefield and Rothwell and Ossett and Denby Dale,  first contested at the 4 July 2024 general election.
John Papworth
John Papworth (12 December 1921 – 4 July 2020) was an English clergyman, writer and activist. Throughout his life, he campaigned for the causes of antimilitarism, localism and ecologism. He founded Resurgence magazine and wrote in numerous other journals.

In 1997, his controversial views on shoplifting in supermarkets attracted international attention.

Committee of 100 (United Kingdom)
The Committee of 100 was a British anti-war group. It was set up in 1960 with a hundred public signatories by Bertrand Russell, Ralph Schoenman, Michael Scott, and others.  Its supporters used mass nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience to achieve their aims. After the parliamentary strategy of the leadership of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament suffered reverses, the committee became, historian Martin Shaw argues, the driving force of the mass movement against nuclear weapons in 1961-63.
2018–19 South of Scotland Football League
The 2018–19 South of Scotland Football League was the 73rd season of the South of Scotland Football League, and the 5th season as the sixth tier of the Scottish football pyramid system. The season began on 28 July 2018 and ended on 10 May 2019. Threave Rovers are the reigning champions.

The league increased to a 16 team division as Wigtown & Bladnoch returned to the league after a one season absence.

Stranraer reserves won the league on 10 April 2019. As a reserve team they are ineligible for promotion to the Lowland League.

South of Scotland Football League
The South of Scotland Football League (SoSFL) is a senior football league based in south-west Scotland. The league sits at level 6 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Lowland Football League.

Founded in 1946, it is currently composed of 11 member clubs in a single division. Geographically, the league currently covers Dumfries and Galloway although clubs have previously also been located in East Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire.

Since 2014–15 it has featured in the senior pyramid system. The winners take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the East of Scotland Football League and West of Scotland Football League champions, subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria.
Orthotrichum crassifolium
Orthotrichum crassifolium is a species of moss in the family Orthotrichaceae.  It is sometimes placed in the genus Muelleriella.  It has a wide circumpolar distribution on subantarctic islands through the Southern Ocean, as well as the extreme south of South America and the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula.  It is tolerant of saline conditions and often occupies the supralittoral zone along rocky coastlines affected by sea spray.

Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.
Klyuchevsky (inhabited locality)
Klyuchevsky (Russian: Ключевский; masculine), Klyuchevskaya (Ключевская; feminine), or Klyuchevskoye (Ключевское; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia:

Urban localities

Klyuchevsky, Zabaykalsky Krai, an urban-type settlement in Mogochinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai

Rural localities

Klyuchevsky, Kirov Oblast, a pochinok in Shabalinsky District of Kirov Oblast

Klyuchevskaya (rural locality), a village in Afanasyevsky District of Kirov Oblast

Klyuchevskoye, name of several rural localities

Mogochinsky District
Mogochinsky District (Russian: Мого́чинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders China in the east and south. The area of the district is 25,500 square kilometers (9,800 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Mogocha. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,508, with the population of Mogocha accounting for 52.0% of that number.
Maryland Route 115
Maryland Route 115 (MD 115) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Muncaster Mill Road, the highway runs 5.83 miles (9.38 km) from MD 124 near Redland east to MD 655 at Norbeck. MD 115 is a northwest–southeast highway that connects the suburban communities of Redland and Norbeck in central Montgomery County. The highway was constructed from MD 124 to MD 28 in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

Norbeck, Maryland
Norbeck is the area of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, around Norbeck Road (Maryland Route 28) east of Georgia Avenue to Layhill Road. Shortly before the Civil War, free blacks founded Norbeck as Mount Pleasant.
Chip Ritter
Kristopher "Chip" Ritter is an author, drummer, musician, and entertainer. Perhaps, best known for his appearance and showmanship on The Late Show with David Letterman in 2004 where he juggled three drumsticks while playing the drums during his "Stupid Human Tricks" spotlight. Career highlights include becoming an author for Mel Bay Publications as well as being recognized on Drummerworld.com

As an active artist, Ritter has performed at drumming events including the 2007 Tiger Bill Drumbeat Festival in New Jersey, the 2008 Chicago Drum Show, the 2009 Hollywood Drum Show, and the 2010 Drummers for Jesus Festival in Dallas, Texas. Ritter has shared clinic rosters and stages with fellow artists including Aaron Spears, Calvin Rodgers, Gerald Heyward, Gorden Campbell, Marvin McQuitty, Nisan Stewart, Richie Gajate Garcia, Seth Davis, Teddy Campbell, and many others.

Drummerworld
Drummerworld is a Swiss drum website created by Bernhard Castiglioni in 1997. The site focuses on the biographies of prominent rock and jazz drummers and features drum lessons along with a discussion forum. Drummerworld also features Drum solos and drum videos of the day, and other pages featuring all things drums.
Clara Mannheimer
Clara Johanna Mannheimer (born 13 September 1968 in Örgryte, Sweden) is a Swedish journalist, who is a producer and project manager at SVT Kultur & Samhälle where she works on the TV program Kobra.

Mannheimer has a magister professional degree from Uppsala University and has studied at journalist university college. She has been a society reporter in the TV program Elbyl and editor-in-chief for Nöjesguiden. She has presented programs in Sveriges Radio, among them Sommar on 8 August 1996.

She is known as the creator and writer of the TV programme Flocken (2019), as well as producing the TV programmes Streams (2020), Hallberg (2021) and Herr Talman (2022).

In 2023, she became the program commissioner for culture and events at SVT.

Örgryte
Örgryte is one of the 21 stadsdelsnämndsområden (a kind of district often translated as borough) of Gothenburg Municipality, Sweden. It is a largely upper middle class residential area just to the east of the city centre.
Roman aqueduct of Vieu
The Roman aqueduct of Vieu (French: Aqueduct romain de Vieu) is a Roman underground aqueduct, which is located in Vieu in the French department of Ain in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

It was classified as a historical monument by the list of 1840.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
Makwanpur Gadhi
The Makwanpur Gadhi (Nepali: मकवानपुरगढी) is a fort in Makwanpur District, Bagmati Province.

The Battle of Makwanpur (1762), the Battle of Makwanpur (1763), and the Battle of Makwanpur (1816) were fought in this fort.

In 2015, the Government of Nepal issued stamps featuring the Makwanpur Gadhi.

Makwanpur District
Makwanpur District (Nepali: मकवानपुर जिल्ला; Listenⓘ), in Bagmati Province, earlier a part of Narayani Zone, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The city of Hetauda serves as the district headquarters and also as the provincial headquarters. The district covers an area of 2,426 km2 (937 sq mi) and had a population of 392,604 in 2001 and 420,477 in 2011. The latest census of 2021 recorded the population of Makwanpur as 466,073.
Waqt Batayega Kaun Apna Kaun Paraya
Waqt Batayega Kaun Apna Kaun Paraya (transl. Time will tell who is your own and who is an outsider) is a Hindi television saga that aired on Sony TV based on the story of a girl named Rudra who faces many hurdles by her adoptive family members. The series premiered on 14 April 2008 and is produced by Dheeraj Kumar's production house Creative Eye Limited.

Creative Eye Limited
Creative Eye Limited is an Indian Media conglomerate integrated media and entertainment company. The company was launched in a private sector in 1986, but became a public limited company in 1996. The company is listed under Bombay Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange of India, Bloomberg L.P., and also on Reuters Group.
Ford Prefect
The Ford Prefect is a line of British cars which was produced by Ford UK between 1938 and 1961 as an upmarket version of the Ford Popular and Ford Anglia small family cars. It was introduced in October 1938 and remained in production until 1941. Returning to the market in 1945, it was offered until 1961. The car progressed in 1953 from its original perpendicular or "sit-up-and-beg" style to a more modern three-box structure. Some versions were also built and sold by Ford Australia.

Like its siblings, the car became a popular basis for a hot rod, especially in Britain, where its lightweight structure and four-cylinder engines appealed to builders.

C-segment
The C-segment is the 3rd category of the European segments for passenger cars and is described as "medium cars". It is equivalent to the Euro NCAP "small family car" size class, and the compact car category in the United States.

In 2024, the C-segment had a European market share of 13.9%.
Sunset Drive
Sunset Drive, also known as Southwest 72nd Street is a 12.5-mile-long (20.1 km) east–west arterial road traversing the southwestern suburbs of Miami, Florida, from the northwestern portions of the Kendall area to Coral Gables. A central portion of Sunset Drive is maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation as State Road 986 (SR 986), which runs from the Homestead Extension (HEFT) underpass to Southwest 69th Avenue and is signed through South Miami to US 1.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.
Martin Sauer (rowing)
Martin Sauer (born 17 December 1982) is a German former representative rowing coxswain. He was an eight-time world champion at the senior level and three-time underage world champion. He is a triple Olympian and a triple Olympic medallist. He held his seat as coxswain of the German senior men's eight — the Deutschlandachter — constantly from 2009 to 2021 and steered that crew to their six world championship titles and also when at the 2017 World Rowing Cup II they set a world's best time of 5.18.68, which still the standing world mark as of 2021.

He coxed the German crew which won the gold medal in the men's eight competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.  At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, he steered Germany's men's eight to their silver medal win. He was selected in the German Olympic rowing squad for Tokyo 2021 and coxed the men's eight for his third Olympic appearance and his second Olympic silver medal.

European Rowing Championships
The European Rowing Championships is an international rowing regatta organised by World Rowing (named FISA until 2020) for European rowing nations, plus Israel, which, though not a member of the European federation, is treated as a European nation for competition purposes.

The championships date back to 1893, the year after FISA (the International Rowing Federation) was founded. Over time, the competition grew in status and as it was not restricted to European countries, became regarded as the quasi-world championships. The World Rowing Championships were commenced in 1962 and the last European Championships were held in 1973 as from 1974, the World Championships became an annual event. The European Championships were re-introduced in 2007 but with a narrower focus on Europe.
Money to Burn (performance art)
Money to Burn was a work of performance art executed on June 22, 2010, in which Dread Scott burned $171 in US dollar bills in front of the New York Stock Exchange.

Scott filmed himself repeatedly singing "money to bur-rn, money to burn" while burning one bill at a time with a Zippo lighter, both from the $250 in small bills attached to his clothes, and from bills solicited from passers-by.

Describing the performance, Scott said "I did the one thing you shouldn't do with money: burn it. Burning it is the one thing that everyone thinks is just crazy. But I was doing in extremely small form what happens on the stock exchange daily on a much grander scale."

After 25 minutes, the New York Police Department intervened and issued Scott a summons for disorderly conduct, which he fought in court.

Banknotes of the United States dollar
From 1775 to 1779, the Continental Congress issued Continental currency banknotes. Then there was a period when the United States just used gold and silver, rather than paper currency. In 1812, the US began issuing Treasury Notes, although the motivation behind their issuance was funding federal expenditures rather than the provision of a circulating medium. In 1861, the US began issuing Demand Notes, which were the first paper money issued by the United States whose main purpose was to circulate. And since 1914, the US has issued Federal Reserve Notes.

Since 1971, Federal Reserves Notes have been the only banknotes of the United States dollar that have been issued. But at some points in the past, the United States had multiple different types of banknotes, such as United States Notes (1862–1971), Interest bearing notes (1863-1865), and Gold certificates (1865–1934).
Vasily Yakovlev (zoologist)
Vasily Evgrafovich Yakovlev (Russian: Василий Евграфович Яковлев; also transliterated Vasiliy Ewgrafowitsch Jakovlev or Vasiliy Yevgrafovich Yakovlev; 9 February 1839 – 15 August 1908) was a Russian zoologist who studied fishes, molluscs and insects. He is not to be confused with Alexander Ivanovich Yakovlev, another entomologist. His name was spelled Wassily Ewgrafowitsch Jakowlew in French, in which he sometimes wrote.

Yakovlev lived in Saint Petersburg, but travelled widely collecting insects in the Crimea, Volga region and Turkestan until he finally travelled and settled in Griffin, GA. Although primarily interested in Coleoptera, Yakovlev also worked on Hemiptera and Lepidoptera.

From around 1867 Yakovlev conducted zoological observations in the vicinity of Astrakhan. Yakovlev described Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) and Volga undermouth (Chondrostoma variabile).

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
Trichlorophenol
A trichlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains three covalently bonded chlorine atoms. Trichlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogenation of phenol with chlorine. Different isomers of trichlorophenol exist according to which ring positions on the phenol contain chlorine atoms. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, for example, has two chlorine atoms in the ortho positions and one chlorine atom in the para position.

There are six different isomers:

2,3,4-Trichlorophenol

2,3,5-Trichlorophenol

2,3,6-Trichlorophenol

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

3,4,5-Trichlorophenol

Organochlorine chemistry
Organochlorine chemistry is concerned with the properties of organochlorine compounds, or organochlorides, organic compounds that contain one or more carbon–chlorine bonds. The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) includes common examples. The wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties of organochlorides lead to a broad range of names, applications, and properties. Organochlorine compounds have wide use in many applications, though some are of profound environmental concern, with DDT and TCDD being among the most notorious.

Organochlorides such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane and chloroform are commonly used as solvents and are referred to as "chlorinated solvents".