hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Beaver (1911)
HMS Beaver was an Acheron-class destroyer of the Royal Navy that served during the First World War and was sold for breaking in 1921. She was the ninth Royal Navy ship to be named Beaver, after the mammal of the same name.

Eurasian beaver
The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) or European beaver is a species of beaver widespread across Eurasia, with a rapidly increasing population of at least 1.5 million in 2020. The Eurasian beaver was hunted to near-extinction for both its fur and castoreum, with only about 1,200 beavers in eight relict populations from France to Mongolia in the early 20th century. It has since been reintroduced into much of its former range and now lives from Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia through China and Mongolia, with about half the population in Russia. It is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.
Pro-Football, Inc. v. Harjo
Pro-Football, Inc. v. Harjo, 415 F.3d 44 (D.C. Cir. 2005), is a case in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia considered the decision of the United States Patent and Trademark Office's Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) to cancel the registration of the Washington Redskins football team, based on the claim that the name was disparaging to Native Americans.  The Court of Appeals did not actually reach the merits of the TTAB's decision; it sent the case back to the trial court for consideration of a procedural issue.

Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) is an administrative tribunal within the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) established in 1958.   The TTAB is empowered to determine the right to register a trademark. It has no authority to determine the right to use one, nor broader questions of infringement, unfair competition, damages or injunctive relief. The TTAB decides ex parte appeals from decisions by USPTO Examiners denying registration of marks, and inter partes proceedings challenging the registration of marks. Decisions of the TTAB may be appealed to a United States district court, or to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

Practices and procedures for litigating before the TTAB are governed by the Trademark Rules of Practice and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Manual of Procedure (TBMP) is an important guide to practice before the TTAB.
Y Mabinogi
Y Mabinogi (also known as Otherworld) is a 2003 Welsh film directed by Derek W. Hayes (animation) and Marc Evans (live action) and starring Daniel Evans, Jenny Livsey and Matthew Rhys. It was written by Martin Lamb and Penelope Middleboe based the 2001 graphic novel of the same title by Mike Collins, itself based on a series of Welsh tales written by bards in the Middle Ages. The film is mostly animated, although the beginning and end sequences are live action.

The film is available in both Welsh and English language versions.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
Warren Lincoln Rogers
Warren Lincoln Rogers (November 14, 1877 – November 6, 1938) was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Ohio from 1930 to 1938; he had served previously as coadjutor from 1925 to 1930. The Wa-Li-Ro Episcopal Choir Camp was named for him.

Cathedral Church of St. Paul (Detroit)
The Cathedral Church of St. Paul is the cathedral church of the Episcopal Diocese of Michigan. In 1824 its congregation formed as the first Episcopal and first Protestant church in the Michigan Territory.

Designed by architect Ralph Adams Cram and constructed in 1907, this building is located at 4800 Woodward Avenue in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, adjacent to the campus of Wayne State University. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Mean integrated squared error
In statistics, the mean integrated squared error (MISE) is used in density estimation.  The MISE of an estimate of an unknown probability density is given by

where ƒ is the unknown density, ƒn is its estimate based on a sample of n independent and identically distributed random variables. 
Here, E denotes the expected value with respect to that sample.

The MISE is also known as L2 risk function.

Independent and identically distributed random variables
In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d., iid, or IID) if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. IID was first defined in statistics and finds application in many fields, such as data mining and signal processing.
Bud Johns
Roy Clinton "Bud" Johns, Jr. (July 9, 1929 - February 15, 2019) is an American writer, editor, author and publisher who was influential in environmental and progressive causes throughout the second half of the 20th century and early 21st. He is also known in the sports world as founder (in 1971) of Ride and Tie, a conversion to racing of a historic means of transportation for two individuals who had only one horse and needed to travel a long distance.

MLive Media Group
MLive Media Group (previously as Booth Newspapers and Booth Michigan) is a media group that produces newspapers for the state of Michigan, headquartered in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Founded by George Gough Booth with his two brothers, Booth Newspapers was sold to Advance Publications, a Samuel I. Newhouse property, in 1976.

MLive Media Group newspaper publications include The Ann Arbor News, The Bay City Times, The Flint Journal, The Grand Rapids Press, Jackson Citizen Patriot, Kalamazoo Gazette, Muskegon Chronicle, The Saginaw News, and Advance Newspapers. All of Advance Publications' Michigan content is published on Mlive.com.
Classic! Live at Newport
Classic! Live at Newport is a live album by American jazz saxophonist Joe Lovano recorded in 2005 during the 51st Newport Jazz Festival and released on July 29, 2016 (2016-07-29) via Blue Note label. This is the 25th and final album in his Blue Note catalog.

Newport Jazz Festival
The Newport Jazz Festival is an annual American multi-day jazz music festival held every summer in Newport, Rhode Island. Elaine Lorillard established the festival in 1954, and she and husband Louis Lorillard financed it for many years. They hired George Wein to organize the first festival  and bring jazz to Rhode Island.

Most of the early festivals were broadcast on Voice of America radio, and many performances were recorded and released as albums. In 1972, the Newport Jazz Festival was moved to New York City. In 1981, it became a two-site festival when it was returned to Newport while continuing in New York. From 1984 to 2008, the festival was known as the JVC Jazz Festival; in the economic downturn of 2009, JVC ceased its support of the festival and was replaced by CareFusion.

The festival is hosted in Newport at Fort Adams State Park. It is often held in the same month as the Newport Folk Festival.
Nembe
Nembe is a Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Nembe in the east of the area at 4°32′22″N 6°24′01″E﻿ / ﻿4.53944°N 6.40028°E﻿ / 4.53944; 6.40028.  The people of Brass, Nembe and Southern Ijaw Councils of Bayelsa State have bemoaned their neglect by oil companies operating in their areas.

They also lamented years of oil spillages that have destroyed their environment, aquatic life, as well as air and water pollution and called on the Bayelsa State Oil and Environmental Commission (BSOEC) and international communities  to come to their rescue.

Aquatic ecosystem
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems may be lentic (slow moving water, including pools, ponds, and lakes); lotic (faster moving water, for example streams and rivers); and wetlands (areas where the soil is saturated or inundated for at least part of the time).
Garan Evans
Garan Rhys Evans (born 16 February 1973) is a Welsh former rugby union footballer, who played as a fullback for Llanelli, the Llanelli Scarlets and Wales.

Evans was born in Trimsaran and educated at Ysgol y Strade in Llanelli.  He made his international debut for Wales on 27 June 1998 in Pretoria against South Africa; the Welsh team were beaten 96–13. Evans did not play for Wales again until 2003, when he was capped against Ireland at Lansdowne Road; Wales lost the match 12–35. He then played in the victory over Scotland.

He was included in Wales' squad at the 2003 Rugby World Cup, but only played for a matter of seconds against New Zealand before suffering a neck injury and having to be stretchered off by paramedics. He retired in 2008. His twin brother, Deiniol, also played for Llanelli RFC.

Lansdowne Road
Lansdowne Road Stadium (Irish: Bóthar Lansdún, IPA: [ˈbˠoːhəɾˠ ˈl̪ˠan̪ˠsˠd̪ˠuːn̪ˠ]) was a stadium in Dublin owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) that was primarily used for rugby union and association football matches. The stadium was demolished in 2007 to make way for the Aviva Stadium on the same site, which opened in 2010.

The stadium took its name from the adjacent street, Lansdowne Road.
Bahaar Aane Tak
Bahaar Aane Tak  is a 1990 Bollywood family drama movie directed by Tariq Shah and produced by Gulshan Kumar. The cinematographer of this film is Ajay Prabhakar. The film revolves around a man who coincidentally marries a woman who was once raped by his close friend. It stars Roopa Ganguly, Moon Moon Sen, Sumeet Saigal, Tariq Shah, Shammi, Ram Mohan and Navin Nischol. The music of the film was composed by Rajesh Roshan.

Notwithstanding an interesting storyline, the movie was a debacle at the box office. The film brought doom to Roopa Ganguly's Bollywood career. The songs from this movie were popular in the 1990s.

Rajesh Roshan
Rajesh Roshanlal Nagrath (born 24 May 1953) is an Indian music director and composer.

In 2025, Netflix released a four-part documentary series titled The Roshans. The series traces the artistic lineage from composer Roshan to his sons Rakesh Roshan and Rajesh Roshan, and to actor Hrithik Roshan, reflecting on how the family’s creative output helped shape mainstream Bollywood music and cinema.
Manuel Aguilar y Bustamante
Manuel Aguilar y Bustamante (June 26, 1750 - May 25, 1819) was a Salvadoran ecclesiastic and revolutionary against the Spanish Empire who participated in the 1811 Independence Movement and the 1814 Independence Movement.

1814 Independence Movement
The 1814 independence Movement was a revolt against Spanish Colonial authorities in present El Salvador. The revolt was preceded by the 1811 Independence revolt years earlier.

The revolt occurred on January 22, 1814 and was led by a group of Independentistas, mainly veterans of the revolt years earlier. The revolt was planned by notable figures such as Santiago José Celis and Manuel José Arce while at the estate of Nicolás Aguilar Bustamante in Quezaltepeque.
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Veleru
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Veleru is one of the approximately 661 Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas in India, located in Veleru village, Bapulapadu mandal near Hanuman Junction in Andhra Pradesh. It was established in 1989 by the Department of Education, MHRD.| Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas were planned to set up in all the districts of the country in order to provide an education to children from predominantly rural areas. They form a part of the system of gifted education.

Veleru
Veleru is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Bapulapadu mandal of Nuzvid revenue division. It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Veleru is also a village in Khammam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Burgamphad mandal.
Kalian Chak railway station
Kalian Chak railway station is a railway station on Sahibganj loop line under the Malda railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Kalian Chak in Sahebganj district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Kiul–Khana Loop Line
The Kiul—Khana Loop Line is a railway line connecting Kiul Junction  and Khana Junction. Originally a part of the Howrah–Delhi main line, it was opened to traffic in 1866. With the construction of a shorter railway line for a part of the route, the 403.8 kilometres (250.9 mi) stretch was assigned a separate identity.
Bird Bones in the Bughouse
Bird Bones in the Bughouse is the second EP from The Dead Science, released in 2004 on Absolutely Kosher Records. It includes a cover of Terence Trent D'Arby's "Sign Your Name" featuring Jamie Stewart on back-up vocals.

Terence Trent D'Arby
Sananda Francesco Maitreya (born Terence Trent Howard; March 15, 1962), who started his career with the stage name Terence Trent D'Arby, is an American singer and songwriter who came to fame with his debut studio album, Introducing the Hardline According to Terence Trent D'Arby (1987). The album includes the singles "If You Let Me Stay", "Sign Your Name", "Dance Little Sister", and "Wishing Well". Maitreya is a multi-instrumentalist and noted for his soulful voice and flamboyant, charismatic and androgynous persona.
Richard Hilderbrand
Richard J. Hilderbrand (born January 26, 1969) is an American politician and businessman who served as a member of the Kansas Senate from the 13th district. After Jake LaTurner was appointed Kansas State Treasurer, Hilderbrand was selected to serve for the remainder of his term in the Senate. He resigned from the Senate in January 2023.

Kansas State Treasurer
The state treasurer of Kansas is the chief custodian of Kansas's cash deposits, monies from bond sales, and other securities and collateral and directs the investments of those assets. The treasurer provides for the safe and efficient operation of state government through effective banking, investment, and cash management.

The treasurer oversees an office that currently handles over $20 billion and an annual operating budget of $3.5 million. Key programs in the office are Bonds Services, Cash Management, Unclaimed Property, the Ag Loan and Housing Loan Deposit Programs and the Kansas 529 Education Savings Program, which has more than 143,000 accounts with total assets of over $2.7 billion. The Treasurer's office is a fee-funded agency. The treasurer also serves as a member of the Kansas Public Employee's Retirement System (KPERS) and the Pooled Money Investment Board.
Cyberlindnera
Cyberlindnera is a genus of yeasts in the Phaffomycetaceae family. Its name is derived from the Latin word “Ciber,” which originates from “Cibus,” meaning “food” and "sustenance". Early German mycologist Paul Lindner, honored for his contributions to descriptions of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomycopsis (Endomyces) fibuligera and other notable species of Saccharomyces and Pichia, is the source of the "-lindnera" portion of the name. The genus has gone through many trials, reevaluations, and verifications to become the organized assortment of species it is today. Species under this genus interact with other organisms in a wide variety of ways and can be found across the globe. They are used by humans for their toxicity, fermentation abilities, and capacity to assimilate many organic compounds.

Endophyte
An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date; however, most of the endophyte/plant relationships are not well understood. Some endophytes may enhance host growth and nutrient acquisition and improve the plant's ability to tolerate abiotic stresses, such as drought, and decrease biotic stresses by enhancing plant resistance to insects, pathogens and herbivores. Although endophytic bacteria and fungi are frequently studied, endophytic archaea are increasingly being considered for their role in plant growth promotion as part of the core microbiome of a plant.
Louie season 5
The fifth and final season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on April 9, 2015, and concluded on May 28, 2015. It consists of eight episodes, each running approximately 23 minutes in length. FX broadcast the fifth season on Thursdays at 10:30 pm in the United States. The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C.K., Dave Becky and M. Blair Breard.

Louie was created, written and directed by Louis C.K., who stars as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Anna Tarusina
Anna Sergeyevna Tarusina (Russian: Анна Сергеевна Тарусина; born 24 January 2003) is a Russian former competitive figure skater. She is the 2018 CS Alpen Trophy champion. On the junior level, she is the 2018 JGP Slovakia and 2018 JGP Slovenia silver medalist.

ISU Challenger Series
The ISU Challenger Series is a series of ten international figure skating competitions sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and organized by ISU member nations. The series was introduced in 2014; its stated goal is to provide consistent organization and structure within a series of international competitions, as well as opportunities for senior-level skaters to compete at the international level while also earning World Standing points. The Nebelhorn Trophy, the Nepela Memorial, and the Golden Spin of Zagreb have been regular competitions in the series since the beginning, as was the Finlandia Trophy until 2024. Skaters and teams are eligible to compete in up to three Challenger Series events each season, and their top two scores are combined to calculate their total Challenger Series scores.
Satake Yoshihiro
Satake Yoshihiro (佐竹義厚, August 23, 1812 – October 27, 1846)   was the 10th daimyō of Kubota Domain in Dewa Province, Japan (modern-day Akita Prefecture), and the 28th hereditary chieftain of the Satake clan. His courtesy title was Ukyō-no-daifu and Jijū and later raised to Sakonoeshōshō and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.

Courtesy title
A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but is rather used by custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title).

In some contexts, courtesy title is used to mean the more general concept of a title or honorific such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss, Madam, Sir for those who have not been awarded a knighthood or a baronetcy, as well as Dr. for physicians who have not actually achieved a doctorate.
Dothan, West Virginia
Dothan is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. Dothan is located on West Virginia Route 612, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Oak Hill. Dothan had a post office, which closed on October 5, 1991, when postmaster Lewis "Jackie" Toney retired.

The community was named after the ancient city of Dothan, according to local history.

Oak Hill, West Virginia
Oak Hill is a city in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 8,179 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Beckley metropolitan area.

Country singer Hank Williams died in Oak Hill on his way to a concert on January 1, 1953. The city is also home to the historic Oak Hill Railroad Depot which still stands today as an artisan shop. More recently, recreation has become a leading industry as the city neighbors the New River Gorge National Park and Preserve.
Richard Caudray
Richard Caudray (c. 1390–1458) was an English cleric. He was a clerk of the king's council, a chancellor of Cambridge University, and dean of the College of St. Martin le Grand, London. He was Henry V's secretary in France. As a Westminster secretary, he would have had various literary connections, such as to John Hethe, John Offord, and Thomas Hoccleve; he was also a personal friend of John Shirley.

He is likely the author of the Libelle of Englyshe Polycye.

John Shirley (scribe)
John Shirley (c. 1366 – 1456) was an English author, translator, and scribe. As a scribe of later Middle English literature, he is particularly known for transcribing works by John Lydgate and Geoffrey Chaucer.
Mince on toast
Mince on toast is a food item that consists of cooked ground meat on a slice of toasted bread. The minced meat is typically seasoned with garlic, onions and worcestershire sauce.

In 2017, American food website Eater described the dish as "quintessentially British". The variant of the typical recipe was reported as mince on bread fried in beef lard, and garnished with watercress. British food critic and musician Jay Rayner described mince on toast as a "monstrosity". It has also been called an "iconic Kiwi dish", and "a simply wonderful way to start your morning”.

Watercress
Watercress or yellowcress (Nasturtium officinale) is a species of aquatic flowering plant in the cabbage family, Brassicaceae.

Watercress is a rapidly growing perennial plant native to Eurasia. It is one of the oldest known leaf vegetables consumed by humans. Watercress and many of its relatives, such as garden cress, mustard, radish, and wasabi, are noteworthy for their piquant flavors.