hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Tiedje
James Michael Tiedje (born 1942) is University Distinguished Professor and the director of the NSF Center for Microbial Ecology (CME) at Michigan State University, as well as a Professor of Crop and Soil Sciences and Microbiology. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2003 and served as president of the American Society for Microbiology from 2004 to 2005.  The Center he directed developed novel methods for microbial community analysis that have greatly expanded knowledge about complex microbial communities in soil, sediments, engineered systems, the oceans and within animals. He also created experiments to detect life on Mars that were carried aboard the Viking Mars landers.

He received a B.S. degree (1964) from Iowa State University and earned his M.S. (1966) and Ph.D. (1968) degrees from Cornell University.

Agricultural science
Agricultural science (or agriscience for short) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agriculturists.
The Crystal World
The Crystal World is a 1966 novel by British writer J. G. Ballard. It was first published in serialized form under the title "The Equinox" in New Worlds in 1964, before appearing in hardcover from Jonathan Cape in the United Kingdom and Farrar, Straus and Giroux in the United States in 1966. Contemporary reviewers including Brian Aldiss and Judith Merril discussed the novel as a distinctive entry in Ballard’s early catastrophe fiction.

Brian Aldiss
Brian Wilson Aldiss OBE (/ˈɔːldɪs/; 18 August 1925 – 19 August 2017) was an English writer, artist and anthology editor, best known for science-fiction novels and short stories. His byline reads either Brian W. Aldiss or simply Brian Aldiss, except for occasional pseudonyms during the mid-1960s.

Greatly influenced by science fiction pioneer H. G. Wells, Aldiss was a vice-president of the international H. G. Wells Society. He was co-president of the Birmingham Science Fiction Group with Harry Harrison. Aldiss was named a Grand Master by the Science Fiction Writers of America in 1999 and inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2004. He received two Hugo Awards, one Nebula Award and one John W. Campbell Memorial Award. He wrote the short story "Supertoys Last All Summer Long" (1969), the basis for the Stanley Kubrick-developed Steven Spielberg film A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001). Aldiss was associated with the British New Wave of science fiction.
Yellow Cathedral
The Yellow Cathedral (German Gelber Dom) is a stamp produced by Deutsche Post but which was never issued. Beginning on 1 September 1948 a new stamp series, the "building series", was introduced in the American and British Occupation Zones of Germany. One planned design featured Cologne Cathedral in yellow, with a nominal value of five Pfennig. The stamp was intended to be used as a surcharge stamp for airmail delivery.

The stamp was actually issued in blue (Michel catalogue number 75) and all but a few copies of the yellow stamps were destroyed. There have been only three known auctions of yellow cathedral stamps.

Between 20 and 22 September 2007 the only complete sheet of stamps was exhibited at the Philately and Coin fair ("Philatelie und MünzExpo") in Cologne. The copy on display was from Bonn's Philatelic Archive. The sheet is insured for one million euro.

Sheet of stamps
A sheet of stamps or press sheet is a unit of stamps as printed, usually on large sheets of paper based on the size of the printing plate, that are separated into panes that are sold at post offices. Where more than one pane is on a printed sheet they are arranged in a table-like arrangement. The spaces between the single stamps are all of the same size and provide space for a cut or perforation.
Emmanuel Renaut
Emmanuel Renaut (born 26 January 1968) is a French chef, three Michelin stars and Meilleur Ouvrier de France in 2004. A former sous-chef of Marc Veyrat, he then founded his own restaurant Flocons de sel at Mégève.

Aisne
Aisne (/eɪn/ ayn, US also /ɛn/ en; French: [ɛːn] ⓘ; Picard: Ainne) is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It is named after the river Aisne. In 2020, it had a population of 529,374.
Turkmenistan National Space Agency
Turkmenistan National Space Agency (Turkmen: «Türkmenaragatnaşyk» agentliginiň Kosmos müdirligi) is a governmental body that coordinates all Turkmenistan space research programs with scientific and commercial goals. It was established in 2011. In 2019, transferred to the jurisdiction of the Turkmenaragatnashyk Agency.

Politics of Turkmenistan
The politics of Turkmenistan nominally takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Turkmenistan is nominally both head of state and head of government. However, as of 21 January 2023 a "national leader" was appointed who chairs an independent People's Council (viz.) with authority to amend the constitution, and who exercises supreme political authority. No true opposition parties are allowed; every registered political party supports the third and current President Serdar Berdimuhamedow. The country is frequently described as a totalitarian state.
Team Yankee (video game)
Team Yankee is a 1990 real-time strategy simulation computer wargame developed by Oxford Digital Enterprises and published by Empire Software for Amiga, Atari ST, MS-DOS, and Commodore CDTV. Based on Harold Coyle's novel and board game of the same name, the game depicts a World War III scenario between the United States and the Soviet Union from an armoured warfare perspective.

Gameplay is conducted both from a map of the area and in a 3D environment with 2D sprites. The game features numerous iconic Cold War-era armoured fighting vehicles, including the M1 Abrams, M2 Bradley, M113, T-62, T-72, and BMP-2, among others.

Team Yankee was released to somewhat negative reception from critics for its "arcade-like" gameplay and its lack of infantry or military aircraft. The game received two sequels, Pacific Islands in 1992 and War in the Gulf in 1993.

T-72
The T-72 is a family of Soviet main battle tanks that entered production in 1973. The T-72 was a development based on the T-64 using thought and design of the previous Object 167M. About 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built, and refurbishment has enabled many to remain in service for decades. It has been widely exported and has seen service in 40 countries and in numerous conflicts. The Russian T-90 introduced in 1992 and the Chinese Type 99 are further developments of the T-72. Production and development of various modernized T-72 models continues today.
Scullin Monolith
The Scullin Monolith is a crescent-shaped rock fronting the sea 6 km (3.7 mi) west of the similar Murray Monolith, and 8 km (5.0 mi) from Torlyn Mountain, in Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica. It is a steep massif of metasedimentary gneiss and granitic origin, with the adjacent coastline consisting of 40 m high ice cliffs. The monolith rises steeply to extend from 435 m high Mikkelsen Peak westward in a crescent that forms Douglas Bay.

Gneiss
Gneiss (/naɪs/ NYSE) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures ranging from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage.

Gneisses are common in the ancient crust of continental shields. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth are gneisses, such as the Acasta Gneiss.
Caterina Gattai Tomatis
Cecilia Caterina Maria Gattai Tomatis née Filippazzi (Milan, 1747 - 1792, Warsaw), was an Italian ballerina. She was a mistress of Stanisław August Poniatowski. Tomatis is mentioned in the memoirs of Casanova.

Tomatis debuted in Venice in 1760. She was a Prima ballerina at the Royal Opera of Warsaw in 1765-66, during which she had an affair with the king.

In 1766, she married the Italian adventurer Carlo Alessandro Tomatis (1739-1797), who called himself count de Vallery et de la Loux, Baron de la Bridoire.  Caterina Tomatis then retired from the stage.

Her relationship with King Stanislaw continued on an on-and-off basis to at least 1778.  The king gave her and Carlo Tomatis a large cash gift, allowing them to lead a comfortable life in a palace in Warsaw, participating in high society.

Ballet dancer
A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.
The three Rs
The three Rs are three basic skills taught in schools: reading, writing and arithmetic (or reckoning; previously wroughting). The irregular initialism is based on phonetics rather than spelling. The phrase appears to have been coined at the beginning of the 19th century.

Reading
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol or an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (e.g., braille).

There is a growing body of evidence which illustrates the importance of reading for pleasure for both educational purposes as well as personal development.
Allann Petitjean
Allann Petitjean (born 31 July 1974 in Luxeuil-les-Bains, Haute-Saône) is a French football midfielder currently playing for French Championnat National side Nîmes Olympique.

His previous clubs include FC Sochaux, SAS Epinal, Amiens SC, CS Sedan and Stade Reims.

Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône (French: [ot soːn] ⓘ; Frainc-Comtou: Hâte-Saône; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 235,313 in 2019. Its prefecture is Vesoul; its sole subprefecture is Lure.
Lotus Flowers for Miss Quon
Lotus Flowers for Miss Quon (German: Lotosblüten für Miss Quon) is a 1967 thriller film directed by Jürgen Roland and starring Lang Jeffries, Francesca Tu and Werner Peters. Based on the 1961 novel A Lotus for Miss Quon by James Hadley Chase, it was made as a co-production between France, Italy and West Germany.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Peter Rothe. Location shooting took place around Hong Kong.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
Moses Fayinka
Moses Oluwatoyin Fayinka is a Nigerian politician and member of the House of Representatives of Nigeria representing the Mushin IIFederal Constituency in Lagos State.

Fayinka was first elected into the Nigerian House of Representatives in 2023 to represent the Mushin II Federal Constituency in Lagos State after gathering 29,502 votes to win his closest rival Adeyemi Michael Olamide of the People's Democratic Party who had 12,355 votes and was previously the special advisor to the Lagos state governor of Transportation.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
Joshua Plante
Joshua Plante is an American politician from Maine. Plante, a Democrat, represented District 145 in the Maine House of Representatives, which included Berwick and neighboring Lebanon. He earned a B.S. in Communications & Political Science from the University of New Hampshire in 2010. He is a lifelong resident of Berwick.

Plante served on the Criminal Justice and Public Safety Committee, and was appointed to serve on the State Council for Juvenile Supervision.

Maine Democratic Party
The Maine Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Maine.

After the Civil War, Democrats were a minor player in a political scene dominated by the Republican Party. However, during the 1950s, Edmund Muskie led an expansive political insurgency culminating in his election as Governor of Maine and successive Democratic elections to both state and national offices.

It is currently the state's favored party, controlling both houses of the state legislature, governorship, and both of Maine's U.S. House seats. One of Maine's U.S. Senate seats is currently held by Angus King, an Independent who caucuses with the Democrats.
Margarita Popova
Margarita Stefanova Popova (Bulgarian: Маргарита Стефанова Попова; born 15 May 1957) is a Bulgarian jurist, prosecutor, educator who was the vice president of Bulgaria from 2012 to 2017. She previously served as Minister of Justice from 27 July 2009 to 4 September 2011 in the cabinet of Boyko Borisov. As the running mate of presidential candidate Rosen Plevneliev in the October 2011 presidential election, she was elected as vice president and took office in January 2012.

2011 Bulgarian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Bulgaria on 23 October 2011, with a runoff held on 30 October 2011. Incumbent president Georgi Parvanov was not eligible for re-election; the Constitution of Bulgaria limits a president to two terms. No candidate won outright in the first round, resulting in a runoff between the eventual winner, Rosen Plevneliev of GERB, and Ivaylo Kalfin of the Bulgarian Socialist Party.
HMS Finisterre
HMS Finisterre was a Battle-class destroyer of the Royal Navy (RN). She was named after one of the battles of Cape Finisterre. She was the first and thus far the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear this name.

Finisterre was built by Fairfields of Govan on the Clyde. She was laid down on 8 December 1942, launched on 22 June 1944 and completed on 11 September 1945.

Battle-class destroyer
The Battle class were a class of destroyers of the British Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN), named after naval or other battles fought by British or English forces. Built in three groups, the first group were ordered under the 1942 naval estimates. A modified second and third group, together with two ships of an extended design were planned for the 1943 and 1944 estimates. Most of these ships were cancelled when it became apparent that the war was being won and the ships would not be required, although two ships of the third group, ordered for the RAN, were not cancelled and were subsequently completed in Australia.

Seven Battles were commissioned before the end of World War II, but only Barfleur saw action, with the British Pacific Fleet.
Wings of Hope (charity)
Wings of Hope is a nonprofit organization that partners with organizations in ten countries outside of the U.S. to provide medical evacuation flights and access to health care for remote communities. Wings of Hope also provides free medical air transportation to people within a 900-mile radius of its St. Louis headquarters. Wings of Hope has been twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and holds a 4-star (the highest) rating on Charity Navigator. In 2019, Wings of Hope directly served nearly 73,000 people worldwide.

Medical evacuation
Medical evacuation, often shortened to medevac or medivac, is the timely and efficient movement and en route care provided by medical personnel to patients requiring evacuation or transport using medically equipped air ambulances, helicopters and other means of emergency transport including ground ambulance and maritime transfers.

Examples include civilian EMS vehicles, civilian aeromedical helicopter services, and military air ambulances. This term also covers the transfer of patients from the battlefield to a treatment facility or from one treatment facility to another by medical personnel, such as from a local hospital to another medical facility which has adequate medical equipment.
Margit Mutso
Margit Mutso (born 11 February 1966) is an Estonian architect.

Margit Mutso was born in Tallinn.  She studied in the State Art Institute of the Estonian SSR (today's Estonian Academy of Arts) in the department of architecture. She graduated from the institute in 1989.

From 1989 to 1990 Margit Mutso worked in the state design bureau Eesti Kommunaalprojekt (Estonian Communal Design). From 1990 to 1992 she worked in the architectural bureau V. Suonmaa in Finland. From 1993 to 1995 Margit Mutso worked in the architectural bureau of the Tartu city government. From 1995 to present she works in the architectural bureau Eek&Mutso OÜ. From 2004 to 2005 she was the chairman of the Union of Estonian Architects.

Most notable works by Margit Mutso are the bus station of Rakvere, apartment building on Tatari street and the apartment building on Noole street. Margit Mutso is a member of the Union of Estonian Architects.

Union of Estonian Architects
Union of Estonian Architects (or Estonian Association of Architects, EAA; Estonian: Eesti Arhitektide Liit) organizes architects, landscape architects and architecture researchers.

EAA re-established 27 June 1989. EAA is a legal successor of Estonian Association of Architects, which was established on 8 October 1921.

Since 2010 the head of EAA is Peeter Pere.

Every year EAA gives out annual prize to Estonian architects or to Estonian architectural firms who have projected the most notable structure in the past year.

EAA publishes Newsletter of the Estonian Association of Architects. It is issued once or twice per year.
Oratorio di San Giuseppe dei Falegnami, Palermo
The Oratorio di San Giuseppe dei Falegnami is a Baroque prayer room or oratory located across the Via Giuseppe d'Alessi from the church of San Giuseppe dei Teatini in the quarter of the Albergaria, within the historic centre of Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy.

Quarter (urban subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria (Bulgarian: квартал, romanized: kvartal), Croatia (četvrt), France (Quartier), Georgia (კვარტალი, k'vart'ali),  Italy (Quartiere), Romania (Cartier), and Serbia (четврт / četvrt). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Portugal/Brazil (bairro), Spain (barrio); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia (សង្កាត់ sangkat), Germany (Stadtteil), and Poland (dzielnica)).

Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters.
Born-N-Raised
"Born-N-Raised"  is the third single from DJ Khaled's debut album, Listennn... the Album, produced by The Runners. The single features Pitbull, Trick Daddy and Rick Ross. It was released on June 6, 2006. The song is also included on Pitbull's second studio album El Mariel.

The Runners (production duo)
The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew "Dru Brett" Harr and Jermaine "Mayne Zane" Jackson. Formed in 2000, their foray into musical production was inspired by Timbaland and the Neptunes. Their trademark is an exhale sound effect echoing "Ahhh" at the beginning of their productions.

The duo first became known for their credits on the 2006 single "Hustlin'" by Rick Ross and the 2008 single "Go Hard" by DJ Khaled, and gained further recognition for their extensive work on releases for both artists. They have since produced songs for artists including  Keyshia Cole, Cher Lloyd, Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Kevin Gates, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Fabolous and Usher. Their production often accomplishes songwriting from Kevin Cossom or Rico Love, while they often work in tandem with fellow Florida-based producer acts DJ Nasty & LVM, the Monarch and Cubic Z.
2013 Israeli municipal elections
The 2013 Municipal elections in Israel were held on 22 October 2013. Turnout was low, with only 43% of those eligible voting, compared to 51% in 2008.

In Jerusalem, the incumbent Nir Barkat won re-election with 52% against challenger Moshe Lion, who gained 45%, as did Tel Aviv's Mayor, Ron Huldai, who won re-election against Member of the Knesset Nitzan Horowitz from the Meretz Party.

Nitzan Horowitz
Nitzan Horowitz (Hebrew: ניצן הורוביץ; born 24 February 1965) is a politician and former journalist who served as Israel's Minister of Health from 2021 to 2022. A former leader of Meretz, he previously served as the chief U.S. correspondent and commentator for Channel 2 News.

He served two full terms in the Knesset (2009–2015) on the Meretz list. Before being elected to the Knesset, he was the Foreign Affairs commentator and head of the International desk at Hadashot 10, the news division of Channel 10. In 2013, he ran for mayor of Tel Aviv. In June 2019, he won the Meretz leadership election, and served as the Minister of Health. In July 2022, he announced that he would step down as Meretz's leader.
Jan Novák (composer)
Jan Novák (8 April 1921, Nová Říše – 17 November 1984, Neu Ulm) was a Czech composer of classical music. Novák was primarily active in the 1960s and composed the music for several films of Karel Kachyňa. Novák also composed music for the films of animators Jiří Trnka and Karel Zeman, the leading figures of the Czech animated film, as well as for Wir (1982, TV film) (based on We, the 1921 Russian novel by Yevgeny Zamyatin).

Jan Novák was also a Contemporary Latin poet, under the pen name Ianus Novak. In 1970 he was awarded the magna laus at the Amsterdam Latin poetry competition, the Certamen poeticum Hoeufftianum.

Neu-Ulm
Neu-Ulm (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈʔʊlm] ⓘ, lit. 'New Ulm'; Swabian: Nej-Ulm) is the seat of the Neu-Ulm district and a town in Swabia, Bavaria. Neighbouring towns include Ulm, Senden, Pfaffenhofen an der Roth, Holzheim, Nersingen and Elchingen. The population is 58,978 (31 December 2019).
Ikotos County
Ikotos County is an administrative area in the Eastern Equatoria state of South Sudan with headquarters in the town of Ikotos. The people, who live in the county's area by subsistence agriculture and cattle herding, are poverty-stricken. Years of civil war have made violence commonplace: most people have experienced the murder of a close family member. In 2009, AK-47 rifles were used in 42 per cent of killings.

Torit
Torit is a city in South Sudan that is the headquarters of Torit County in Eastern Equatoria State. The Equitoria Corps mutinied in Torit after independence rather than be removed to Khartoum and Arab control, starting the first civil war in Sudan. On August 18, 1955, the Torit mutiny began in Eastern Equatoria.