hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1990s in Bangladesh
The 1990s (pronounced "nineteen-nineties", commonly shortened as the "'90s", pronounced "nineties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1990, and ended on 31 December 1999. For Bangladesh this decade was characterized by transition to democracy, rapid urbanisation and globalization and struggle for free and fair elections. The newly earned democracy influenced the cultural activities in the decade.

Grameenphone
Grameenphone Limited, widely abbreviated as (d/b/a) GP, is a telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh. As of December 2023, its subscribers span over 82.20 million. It is a joint venture between Norwegian government-owned Telenor and Bangladeshi Grameen Telecom. Telenor owns 55.8% of Grameenphone, Grameen Telecom owns 34.2%, and the remaining 10% is publicly held. As of Nov 2024, Grameenphone is Bangladesh's most valuable company with a market cap of more than ৳440.2 billion BDT or $3.6 billion USD (approximately).
Cave Austin and Company
Cave Austin and Co., Ltd was a chain of grocery stores and cafés in the southeast of England. During its seventy-year history it grew to some fifty branches in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and much of South East London. Cafés were in several seaside towns such as Deal in Kent and Hastings in Sussex.

Lewisham
Lewisham (/ˈluːɪʃəm/ ⓘ LOO-ish-əm) is an area of southeast London, England, six miles (ten kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It is the principal area of the London Borough of Lewisham, and was within the historic county of Kent until 1889. It is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London, with a large shopping centre and street market. Lewisham had a population of 60,573 in 2011.
Kushal Malla
Kushal Malla (Nepali: कुशल मल्ल pronounced [ˈkusʌl ˈmʌlːʌ]; born 5 March 2004) is a Nepalese cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman, and a left-arm off-spinner. Known for his aggressive batting, he scored the fastest century in Twenty20 Internationals, off just 34 balls, in the opening match of the 2022 Asian Games against Mongolia, a record previously held by David Miller, Rohit Sharma and Sudesh Wickramasekara	(35 balls), and later broken by Jan Nicol Loftie-Eaton (33 balls).

Mongolia national cricket team
The Mongolia national cricket team is the team that represents Mongolia in international men's cricket. In July 2021, the International Cricket Council (ICC) inducted the team as an Associate Member, becoming the 22nd member in the Asia region.
Vladimir Strzhizhevsky
Captain Vladimir Ivanovich Strzhizhevsky (26 December 1894 – 22 August 1940) was a World War I flying ace. He volunteered for military service on 14 October 1914, after graduation from Petrograd Technical Institute. Incomplete and confusing records credit him with eight confirmed and four unconfirmed aerial victories during his 1916-1917 combat on the Romanian Front. His second wound ended his tally of aerial victories. The advent of the October Revolution saw him co-opted into the Red Air Force for the end of the war. On 4 November 1918, he defected to the White Russian Army, and served with them for two years. When they were expelled from Russia, Strzhizhevsky accompanied them. He became a Yugoslav citizen and joined their air force.

Sortie
A sortie (from the French word meaning exit, from Latin root surgere meaning to "rise up") is a deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft, ship, or troops, from a strongpoint. The term originated in siege warfare.
Vissarion Belinsky
Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky (Russian: Виссарио́н Григо́рьевич Бели́нский; June 11 [O.S. May 30] 1811 – June 7 [O.S. May 26] 1848) was a Russian literary critic of Westernizing tendency. Belinsky played one of the key roles in the career of poet and publisher Nikolay Nekrasov and his popular magazine Sovremennik. He was the most influential of the Westernizers, especially among the younger generation. He worked primarily as a literary critic, because that area was less heavily censored than political pamphlets. He agreed with Slavophiles that society had precedence over individualism, but he insisted the society had to allow the expression of individual ideas and rights. He strongly opposed Slavophiles on the role of Orthodoxy, which he considered a retrograde force. He emphasized reason and knowledge, and attacked autocracy and theocracy.

Theocracy
Theocracy or ethiocracy is a form of autocracy or oligarchy in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities giving divine guidance to human intermediaries with executive, legislative or judicial power who manage the government's daily affairs.
Podgaje, Kazimierza County
Podgaje [pɔdˈɡajɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skalbmierz, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) west of Skalbmierz, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Kazimierza Wielka, and 63 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Kazimierza County
Kazimierza County (Polish: powiat kazimierski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kazimierza Wielka, which lies 69 kilometres (43 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. The only other town in the county is Skalbmierz, lying 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Kazimierza Wielka.

The county covers an area of 422.48 square kilometres (163.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 33,408, out of which the population of Kazimierza Wielka is 5,550, that of Skalbmierz is 1,285, and the rural population is 26,573.
Irma Karvikko
Irma Helena Karvikko (29 September 1909, in Turku – 16 September 1994; surname until 1933 Blomqvist) was a Finnish journalist and politician. She was Deputy Minister for Social Affairs from 17 November 1953 to 4 May 1954 and Minister for Social Affairs from 27 May to 1 September 1957. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland, representing the National Progressive Party from 1948 to 1951, the People's Party of Finland from 1951 to 1958 and from 1962 to 1965 and the Liberal People's Party from 1965 to 1970.

Liberals (Finland)
Liberal People's Party (from 2001 Liberals; Finnish: Liberaalinen kansanpuolue) was a conservative-liberal political party in Finland, founded in 1965 as a reunification of the People's Party of Finland and Liberal League.
Malcolm A. Patterson
Malcolm Alexander Patterson (January 18, 1890 – January 21, 1965) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1937 to 1956 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, the son of Alexander Patterson and Jeanie McKenzie. He was educated at the Sydney Academy and Dalhousie University, where he studied law. Patterson set up practice in Sydney. In 1920, he married Georgina Isabel Ross. Patterson served as Crown Prosecutor for Cape Breton County from 1921 to 1925 and from 1935 to 1952. He was a member of the province's Executive Council, serving as provincial secretary from 1947 to 1951, as Minister of Mines from 1947 to 1949, as Minister of Municipal Affairs in 1949 and as Attorney General from 1949 to 1953. Patterson was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1956.

Patterson died at Sydney on January 21, 1965.

Cape Breton County
Cape Breton County is one of eighteen counties in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.  It is located on Cape Breton Island.

From 1879 to 1995, the area of the county excluded from towns and cities was incorporated as the Municipality of the County of Cape Breton to provide local government services.  Since 1995 the only municipality in the county has been a single-tier municipality called Cape Breton Regional Municipality. For statistical purposes, the First Nations reserves of Eskasoni 3 and Membertou 28B are included in the county, but are separate entities.
Chulabhorn Research Institute
Chulabhorn Research Institute (Thai: สถาบันวิจัยจุฬาภรณ์) is a biomedical and chemistry research institute in Bangkok, Thailand. Initiated by Princess Chulabhorn in 1987, it was established as an independent agency funded by the Thai government.

The institute operates nine laboratories in biochemistry, biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, chemical carcinogenesis, environmental toxicology, immunology, natural products, organic synthesis and pharmacology. Besides research, the institute offers training as well as master's and doctoral degree programs in Environmental Toxicology, Technology tinkering Management.

The affiliated Chulabhorn Cancer Center was renamed to Chulabhorn Hospital in 2009. Chulabhorn Graduate Institute opened in June 2007.

Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds  are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject.
Kader Asaad
Kader Asaad (Central Kurdish: قادر ئەسعەد, romanized: Qadir Es'ed; 4 April 1967) is a Kurdish oriental/arabesque recording artist (singer and songwriter) and record producer. He is the founder of Kader Asaad productions.

In his early years, Kader Asaad co-founded the Jala band in Erbil. The band released their first album in 1985. Following three successful years, they released a new album called "Jala Part 2" (1988). By 1992 they released a special album in order to celebrate the establishment of the Kurdistan Region's Parliament

In 1991 Kader Asaad released his first single album titled "Kader Assad 1991" which contained 10 tracks.

Due to the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War as well as other circumstances that were a result of Iraq's geopolitical situation, he emigrated to Sweden.

Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
The Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (Kurdish: شەڕی براکوژی, romanized: Şerî birakujî, 'fratricidal war') was a civil war that took place between rival Kurdish factions in Iraqi Kurdistan during the mid-1990s, mostly between the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Over the course of the conflict, Kurdish factions from Iran and Turkey, as well as Iranian, Iraqi and Turkish forces, were drawn into the fighting, with additional involvement from American forces. Between 5,000 and 8,000 fighters and civilians were killed.
Ba Htoo
Colonel Ba Htoo (Burmese: ဗထူး; 1916 – 2 June 1945) was an officer in the Burma National Army. He is perhaps most well known for his leadership in driving out Japanese forces from Upper Myanmar during World War II. Having declared war on the Japanese forces on the 8 March 1945, then-Major Ba Htoo took victory in around 20 battles, which alongside a successive campaign launched by General Aung San on 27 March and assaults by the Allied Forces, ultimately resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Japanese forces from Myanmar and the end of over 100 years of colonial rule. However, as Major Ba Htoo and his forces drove the Japanese from Mandalay and into southern Shan State, he contracted severe malaria and, aged 29, died from the disease in the town of Aungban, Shan State, 2 June 1945. Unbeknownst to Ba Htoo at the time of his death, he had been promoted to the rank of Colonel by General Aung San, as outlined in a letter.

Upper Myanmar
Upper Myanmar (Burmese: အထက်မြန်မာပြည် or မြန်မာပြည်အထက်ပိုင်း, also called Upper Burma) is one of two geographic regions in Myanmar, the other being Lower Myanmar. Located in the country's centre and north stretches, Upper Myanmar encompasses six inland states and regions, including Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions, and Chin, Kachin and Shan States. By contrast, Lower Myanmar encompasses the southern and coastal-facing regions of Myanmar. Upper Myanmar is home to several distinct cultural regions, including the homeland of the Bamar in the low-lying central plains, and those of the Chin, Kachin, and Shan peoples in the highlands. Home to over 23 million people, the region's agricultural sector, natural resources, and shared borders with India, China, and Thailand have made Upper Myanmar a major economic hub. Four of Myanmar's ten largest cities—Mandalay, Taunggyi, Monywa, and Myitkyina—are located in the region.
Amidst the Chaos
Amidst the Chaos is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles, released on April 5, 2019, through Epic Records. The lead single from the album, "Armor", was released digitally on October 26, 2018. The album debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 selling 35,000 copies in its first week (29,000 of which were traditional album sales), making it Bareilles' sixth top 10 album. "Saint Honesty" earned Bareilles a Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance at the 2020 ceremony.

Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance
The Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance is an award category at the annual Grammy Awards. It was first presented in 2015.

The award was first approved by the board of trustees of the Grammy Awards in June 2014. According to NARAS, the award encompasses all of the subgenres of the American Roots category field, which include bluegrass, blues, folk and regional roots styles of music such as Cajun, Hawaiian, Indigenous, Polka, Zydeco, go-go, second line brass, swamp pop, and Conjunto music. The category is open for solo artists, duos, groups and other collaborations and is for singles or tracks only. It was joined by a sister category, Best Americana Performance, in 2023.

The Grammy is awarded to the performer(s) of the winning recording.
Gray Areas
Gray Areas was a quarterly magazine published from 1992 to 1995 by publisher Netta Gilboa. The magazine was based in Phoenix, Arizona. It won several awards including "One Of The Top Ten Magazines of 1992" by Library Journal. It discussed subcultures involving drugs (narcotics), phreaking, cyberpunk, pornography, the Grateful Dead and related issues.  It only published 7 issues, but continues on as a website.

Subculture
In the sociology of culture, a subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself from the values of the mainstream or dominant culture (or superculture) to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters. Subcultures coexist within mainstream society while keeping their specific characteristics intact.

Since its inception in the English-speaking world (primarily North America and the United Kingdom) during the 1940s–1950s, the concept and study of subcultures was developed in the academic fields of sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies. Examples of subcultures include punks, skinheads, Teddy Boys, mods, rockers, bikers, hip-hoppers, and more. Subcultures differ from countercultures.
Kollhoff-Tower
Kollhoff-Tower is a 25-story, 103 metres (338 ft) skyscraper on the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, Germany. The building, named after Hans Kollhoff from Kollhoff und Timmermann Architekten, was completed in 1999 after four years of construction.

Hans Kollhoff
Hans Kollhoff (born 18 September 1946 in Bad Lobenstein, Thuringia) is a German architect and professor.

He is a representative of Postmodern and New Classical Architecture, as well as a protagonist of New Urbanism.
Emilia Nielsen
Emilia Nielsen is a Canadian writer and academic. An associate professor in the faculty of social sciences at York University, she has published both poetry and academic literature on the sociological aspects of health and disability.

In 2014, her debut poetry collection Surge Narrows was shortlisted for the Gerald Lampert Award, and in 2019, her second poetry collection Body Work was shortlisted for the Pat Lowther Award and the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Poetry. Her first academic work, Disrupting Breast Cancer Narratives: Stories of Rage and Repair, was published by University of Toronto Press in 2019.

Her academic writing has also appeared in scholarly journals such as Canadian Woman Studies, Performance Research and Disability Studies Quarterly, and her creative writing has appeared in Plenitude, The Antigonish Review, Contemporary Verse 2, Descant, The Fiddlehead, Grain, Prairie Fire and Room.

Ohio State University Libraries
The Ohio State University Libraries are the collective academic libraries of the Ohio State University and its regional campuses. This system welcomes Ohio State faculty, students, visiting scholars and the general public to study and research. It includes ten libraries located on the Columbus campus, six libraries on the regional campus of the university and nine special collections. The Ohio State University Libraries offer educational resources and services to support readers to research, learn and teach. They can help researchers find and borrow physical and digital materials from articles, journals, databases, books, dissertations, theses, newspapers, streaming videos and images, etc. The Ohio State University Libraries hold over six million volumes in traditional library formats and more in electronic information resources.
Tullik Helsing
Tullik Helsing (12 December 1918 – 18 January 1994) was a Norwegian sports diver. She was born in Meldal Municipality. She competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, where she placed 13th in platform.

Diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre platform
The women's 10 metre platform, also reported as high diving, was one of four diving events on the diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics programme.

The competition was actually held from both the 10 metre and 5 metre platforms and consisted of one set of dives:

Compulsory dives (Thursday, 13 August)
Divers performed four pre-chosen dives – a running straight header forward, standing straight somersault backward (5 metre), a running straight header forward and a standing straight header forward (10 metre).
Lagochilin
Lagochilin is a bitter diterpene that forms a grey crystalline solid. It is found in various plants from the genus Lagochilus, most notably Lagochilus inebrians, and is thought to be responsible for the sedative, hypotensive and hemostatic effects of these plant species.

Antihemorrhagic
An antihemorrhagic (British English: antihaemorrhagic) agent is a substance that promotes hemostasis (a process which stops bleeding). It may also be known as a hemostatic (also spelled haemostatic) agent.

Antihemorrhagic agents used in medicine have various mechanisms of action:

Systemic drugs work by inhibiting fibrinolysis or promoting coagulation.

Locally acting hemostatic agents work by causing vasoconstriction or promoting platelet aggregation.
Fabio Sabatini
Fabio Sabatini (born 18 February 1985 in Pescia) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer, who last rode for UCI WorldTeam Cofidis. He was a lead-out man for Elia Viviani and followed him from Deceuninck–Quick-Step to Cofidis. Sabatini retired from competition at the end of the 2021 season.

Soudal Quick-Step
Soudal–Quick-Step (UCI team code: SOQ) is a Belgian UCI WorldTeam cycling team led by team manager Jurgen Foré. The directeurs sportifs are Davide Bramati, Iljo Keisse, Klaas Lodewyck, Wilfried Peeters, Tom Steels, Geert Van Bondt, Dries Devenyns and Kevin Hulsmans.

The team is nicknamed 'The Wolfpack' and has used the term in its branding since 2017.
Abdul Rahman Rafi
Abdul Rahman Mohammed Rafi (Arabic: عبد الرحمن محمد رفيع, born in 1936, died on March 11, 2015) was a Bahraini poet. He was born in the capital of Manama and studied at Cairo University. Working as an observer for cultural affairs at the Ministry of Information, he has authored many poetry collections and is known for working in both Modern Standard Arabic and nabati (vernacular in this case Bahraini Arabic) forms. He died in his hometown.

Information Affairs Authority
The Information Affairs Authority (IAA) is Bahrain's ministry of information that was formed in July 2010. The president of IAA is appointed directly by the King of Bahrain and has the rank of a minister in the Bahrain government. From July 2010 to 2012, Fawaz bin Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa was President of IAA. In 2012, he relinquished the position to take up an appointment as Minister of State for Communication, and Sameera Rajab was appointed in his place.
Fallen Leaf Lake
Fallen Leaf Lake is a mountain lake located in El Dorado County, California, near the California–Nevada state line, about one mile south west of the much larger Lake Tahoe. It is approximately aligned north-to-south and oval in shape, measuring approximately 2.9 miles (4.6 km) on the long axis and 0.9 miles (1.4 km) on the short axis. The lake was created by at least two glaciers that traveled northward down the Glen Alpine Valley. If the glacier had continued instead of stopping, Fallen Leaf Lake would be a bay of Lake Tahoe, similar to nearby Emerald Bay. A terminal moraine is visible at the north end of the lake on the northeast edge.

Oval
An oval (from Latin  ovum 'egg') is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg. The term is not very specific, but in some areas of mathematics (projective geometry, technical drawing, etc.), it is given a more precise definition, which may include either one or two axes of symmetry of an ellipse. In common English, the term is used in a broader sense: any shape which reminds one of an egg. The three-dimensional version of an oval is called an ovoid.
Édouard Wattelier
Édouard Wattelier (12 December 1876 – 18 September 1957) was a French racing cyclist. He finished third in the 1898 Paris–Roubaix, eighth in the 1901 Paris–Roubaix and second in the 1902 Paris–Roubaix. He also won the 1902 Bordeaux–Paris and finished seventh in the 1906 Tour de France.

His younger brother Antony was also a professional cyclist.

1902 Paris–Roubaix
The 1902 Paris–Roubaix was the seventh edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 30 March 1902 and stretched 268 km (167 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Lucien Lesna from France.
Castniomera
Castniomera is a monotypic moth genus in the family Castniidae described by Constant Vincent Houlbert in 1918. Its single species, Castniomera atymnius, commonly known as the giant butterfly-moth, was first described by Johan Wilhelm Dalman in 1824. It is known from Mexico through Central America to Venezuela.

The larvae feed on Musaceae species.

Musaceae
Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves with overlapping basal sheaths that form a pseudostem making some members appear to be woody trees. In most treatments, the family has three genera, Musa, Musella and Ensete. Cultivated bananas are commercially important members of the family, and many others are grown as ornamental plants.