hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katsina (city)
Katsina Listenⓘ
is a Local Government Area and the capital city of Katsina State, in northern Nigeria.

Located some 260 kilometres (160 mi) east of the city of Sokoto and 135 kilometres (84 mi) northwest of Kano, close to the border with Niger Republic, in 2016, Katsina's population was estimated at 429,000.

The city is the centre of an agricultural region noted for production of groundnuts, cotton, hides, millet and guinea corn and also has mills for producing peanut oil and steel. It was also a center for large scale livestock farming of cows, goats, sheep and chickens.

The city has a largely Muslim population, mainly from the Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Platinum Hit
Platinum Hit is a 2011 reality competition series on Bravo, in which 12 singer-songwriters compete through innovative songwriting challenges that tested their creativity, patience and drive. The series was created and produced by Evan Bogart. Every episode featured a different topic – from a dance track to a love ballad – that required the contestants to write and perform lyrics from various genres, for a cash prize of $100,000, a publishing deal with songwriting collective The Writing Camp, and a recording deal with RCA/Jive label. The show ran for one season, and Sonyae Elise was named the winner of that season.

The show was originally to be entitled Hitmakers and was later changed to Going Platinum before settling on its final title.

Keith Naftaly
Keith Phillip Naftaly (born 1962) is an American music industry executive.  He is the president of A&R at RCA Records. Naftaly previously held senior A&R positions at record companies including Arista, DreamWorks Records, and Sony Music. He has worked with artists including Pentatonix, Kesha, Whitney Houston, Kelly Clarkson, Luther Vandross, Sia and Christina Aguilera.

A radio programmer prior to the start of his label career,  Naftaly introduced hip hop to a mainstream audience in the mid-80s, creating the "first multi-cultural pop radio station"  as the program director of San Francisco's KMEL.
Glen Elder (sociologist)
Glen Holl Elder Jr. (born 28 February 1934) is an American sociologist who is the Howard W. Odum Research Professor of Sociology (emeritus), a research professor of psychology and a current professor at the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His research interests are in social psychology, sociology, demographics and life course research. Elder's major work was Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience, in 1974. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences admitted Glen H. Elder in 1988. In 1993, he was honored with the Cooley-Mead Award by the Social Psychology Section of the American Sociological Association. Elder was given honorary doctorates by the University of Bremen in 1999, by the Pennsylvania State University in 2003 and by the Ohio State University in 2005.

Carolina Population Center
The Carolina Population Center (CPC) is an interdisciplinary research center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. CPC was established in 1966. The primary goals of the center are to conduct research on population, health, aging, and the environment, and share data and findings that push the field forward and train the next generation of population scholars.
Jenny Lind, Glasgow
Jenny Lind is a small neighbourhood in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated south of the River Clyde, contiguous with the larger Deaconsbank neighbourhood and across a dual carriageway (A727 Nitshill Road) from the Arden and Thornliebank Industrial Estate. It was extended slightly in the 21st century by the addition of Jenny Lind Court. Jenny Lind falls under the Glasgow City Council Greater Pollok ward and has a short border with Deaconsbank Golf Club and Rouken Glen Park in the East Renfrewshire council region.

East Renfrewshire
East Renfrewshire (Scots: Aest Renfrewshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Rinn Friù an Ear) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It was formed in 1996, as a successor to the Eastwood district of the Strathclyde region.

Clockwise, East Renfrewshire borders Glasgow to the northeast, South Lanarkshire to the southeast, East Ayrshire to the southwest, North Ayrshire to the west and Renfrewshire to the northwest. Many of the council area's northern settlements fall into the Greater Glasgow urban area.

Until 1975, the council area formed part of the county of Renfrewshire for local government purposes along with the modern council areas of Renfrewshire and Inverclyde. These three council areas together still form a single lieutenancy area called Renfrewshire.
Harshal Patel
Harshal Patel (born 23 November 1990) is an Indian cricketer who has played for the country's national team in Twenty20 internationals (T20I). A right-arm medium pace bowler who bats right-handed, Patel made his  T20I debut against New Zealand on 19 November 2021. Patel has played for Gujarat and Haryana in domestic competitions. Currently, he is playing for Sunrisers Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League. He has also played for Royal Challengers Bangalore, Punjab Kings and Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League.

Gujarat cricket team
The Gujarat cricket team is one of the three first-class cricket teams based in the Indian state of Gujarat (the other two being the Baroda cricket team and the Saurashtra cricket team).

Led by Parthiv Patel, Gujarat won their maiden Ranji Trophy title in the 2016–17 season, beating Mumbai in the final at Indore. In that match they made the highest successful run-chase in the final of the Ranji Trophy.

It is in the Elite Group of the Ranji Trophy although it has had very little success. There have, however, been many cricketers that have passed through its ranks and gone on to play for the Indian cricket team. It falls under the West Zone in the Duleep Trophy.
Dmitry Skrivanov
Dmitry Stanislavovich Skrivanov (Russian: Дмитрий Станиславович Скриванов; 15 August 1971, Novocherkassk, Skovorodinsky District) is a Russian political figure, deputy of the 7th and 8th State Dumas.

In the 1990s, Skrivanov engaged in private legal practice in the economic sphere. On 26 March 2000 he was elected deputy of the Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai of the 2nd convocation. He was re-elected in 2001 and 2006. From 2008 to 2012, Skrivanov headed the United Russia branch in the Perm Krai. In 2016 and 2021, he was elected for the 7th and 8th State Dumas, respectively.

Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai
The Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai (Russian: Законодательное собрание Пермского края) is the regional parliament of Perm Krai, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 60 deputies are elected for five-year terms.
Transverse isotropy
A transversely isotropic (also known as polar anisotropic) material is one with physical properties that are symmetric about an axis that is normal to a plane of isotropy. This transverse plane has infinite planes of symmetry and thus, within this plane, the material properties are the same in all directions. In geophysics, vertically transverse isotropy (VTI) is also known as radial anisotropy.

This type of material exhibits hexagonal symmetry (though technically this ceases to be true for tensors of rank 6 and higher), so the number of independent constants in the (fourth-rank) elasticity tensor are reduced to 5 (from a total of 21 independent constants in the case of a fully anisotropic solid). The (second-rank) tensors of electrical resistivity, permeability, etc. have two independent constants.

P wave
A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any affected location or at a seismograph. P waves may be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids.
Anderson Lake (Jefferson County, Washington)
Anderson Lake is a 57-acre (23 ha) body of water located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Chimacum in Jefferson County, Washingtonwithin Section 9, Township 29N, Range 1W. Anderson Lake has a maximum depth of 29 feet (8.8 m) and a water volume of 1,228 acre-feet (1,515,000 m3). The lake drains into Chimacum Creek and Port Townsend Bay. It is surrounded by Anderson Lake State Park. The lake's fish population includes lake-reared rainbow trout that carry over to a second season from the initial spring fishery.

Toxic algae have caused the lake to be closed to all access on multiple occasions. The lake has annual cyanobacteria blooms dominated by dolichospermum (anabaena), aphanizomenon and microcystis. These blooms are a major producer of anatoxin-a, a potent neurotoxin. County health officials have seasonally  monitored local lakes for blue-green algae since 2007.

Chimacum, Washington
Chimacum is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Washington, United States, located in the center of the primary agricultural area of the eastern Olympic Peninsula. As of the 2020 census, Chimacum is not listed as a CDP despite being a prominent population center in the area.
2014 Tilia Slovenia Open
The 2014 Tilia Slovenia Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Portorož, Slovenia between 7 and 14 July 2014.

Portorož
Portorož (pronounced [pɔɾtɔˈɾóːʃ] ⓘ; Italian: Portorose) is a Slovenian Adriatic seaside resort and spa settlement located in the Municipality of Piran in southwestern Slovenia. Its modern development began in the late 19th century with the vogue for the first health resorts. In the early 20th century Portorož became one of the grandest seaside resorts in the Adriatic, along with Opatija, Lido and Grado, then as part of the Austrian Littoral. It is now one of Slovenia's major tourist areas. Located in the centre is the Palace Hotel, once one of the most important resorts for the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and currently one of the finest hotels between Venice and Dubrovnik.

The settlement and its surrounding areas are served by Portorož International Airport which is located in the nearby village of Sečovlje.
Reflectance
The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected at the boundary. Reflectance is a component of the response of the electronic structure of the material to the electromagnetic field of light, and is in general a function of the frequency, or wavelength, of the light, its polarization, and the angle of incidence. The dependence of reflectance on the wavelength is called a reflectance spectrum or spectral reflectance curve.

Material
A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study of materials, their properties, and their applications.

Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be produced from raw materials by synthesis.

In industry, materials are inputs to manufacturing processes to produce products or more complex materials, and the nature and quantity of materials used may form part of the calculation for the cost of a product or delivery under contract, such as where contract costs are calculated on a "time and materials" basis.
Carolina Dog
The Carolina dog, also known as a yellow dog, yaller dog, American dingo, or Dixie dingo, is a breed of medium-sized dog occasionally found feral in the Southeastern United States, especially in isolated stretches of longleaf pines and cypress swamps. Efforts to establish them as a standardized breed have gained the Carolina Dog breed recognition in two smaller kennel clubs and full acceptance into the breed-establishment program of one major kennel club.

Originally a landrace breed, the Carolina dog was rediscovered living as a free-roaming population by I. Lehr Brisbin Jr., though originally documented in American dog-related publications in the 1920s. Carolina dogs show admixture with dog breeds from east Asia.

Despite the name, it is not the state dog of North Carolina (Plott Hound) or South Carolina (Boykin Spaniel).

Genetic admixture
Genetic admixture occurs when previously isolated populations of organisms interbreed, resulting in a population with genetic ancestry from both sources. It can occur between species, such as with hybrids, or within species, such as when geographically distant individuals migrate to new regions. It results in a population with genetic backgrounds, or a gene pool, that is a mix of the source populations. Genetic admixture is recognized as an important contributor to rapid evolutionary responses, both at the level of gene flow between populations and between species.
Etoko, Cameroon
Etuko (or Etuku) is a village in Cameroon located in the Department of Manyu in the Southwest Region. It is administratively attached to the district of Upper Bayang (Tinto Council) and to the canton of Bachuo Akagbe. The village is located 43 kilometres (27 mi) from Mamfe and 105 km (65 mi) from Bamenda.

Southwest Region (Cameroon)
The Southwest Region or South-West Region (French: Région du Sud-Ouest) is a region with special status in Cameroon. Its capital is Buea. As of 2015, its population was 1,553,320. Along with the Northwest Region, it is one of the two Anglophone (English-speaking) regions of Cameroon. Various Ambazonian nationalist and separatist factions regard the South-West region as being distinct as a polity from Cameroon.
Andrade Port of Entry
The Andrade Port of Entry is the easternmost and lowest volume border crossing of the United States-Mexico border in California, USA. It is located 2 miles south of Interstate 8, and about 2000 feet west of the Colorado River, in Imperial County opposite the Los Algodones border crossing in Baja California, Mexico. It is connected to Interstate 8 by California State Route 186. It is a minor port in comparison to the larger Calexico West and Calexico East Ports of Entry. In spite of its remote desert location, it supports significant tourist traffic volume. The Andrade-Los Algodones border crossing is also Mexico's northernmost port of entry.  The port ranked 11th for pedestrian crossings in 2010, with more than one million people processed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Los Algodones
Los Algodones (English: The cottons), is a town and borough in the municipality of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. It is also commonly identified as Vicente Guerrero. Located on the United States-Mexico border to the north and east, Los Algodones is south of Andrade, California, and close to five miles west of downtown Yuma, Arizona. It reported a population of 5,474 in the 2010 Mexican census. Los Algodones is popularly referred to as "Molar City" due to hundreds of dentists that cater to Americans seeking affordable dental care outside of the United States.
Channel 11 virtual TV stations in Canada
The following television stations operate on virtual channel 11 in Canada:

CBAFT-DT in Moncton, New Brunswick

CBVT-DT in Quebec City, Quebec

CBXFT-DT in Edmonton, Alberta

CFGC-DT in Sudbury, Ontario

CFRE-DT in Regina, Saskatchewan

CFTF-DT-6 in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec

CHAU-DT-8 in Cloridorme, Quebec

CHCH-DT in Hamilton, Ontario

CHCH-DT-1 in Ottawa, Ontario

CHNB-DT-1 in Fredericton, New Brunswick

CKMI-DT-2 in Sherbrooke, Quebec

CKWS-DT in Kingston, Ontario

CBVT-DT
CBVT-DT (channel 11), branded ICI Québec, is an Ici Radio-Canada Télé station in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The station is owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (known in French as Société Radio-Canada). CBVT-DT's studios are located on Rue Saint-Jean and Aut Dufferin Montmorency in the Quebec City borough of La Cité-Limoilou, and its transmitter is located on Avenue de la Montagne/Dumont Belair Ouest in Val-Bélair.
José de Jesús Alfaro
José de Jesús Alfaro was a legitmist Nicaraguan politician who served as provisional Supreme Director of Nicaragua in Granada after the sudden death of José Francisco del Montenegro from 11 August to 2 November 1851.

On 5 August 1851, José Trinidad Muñoz staged a coup against Laureano Pineda and forced him and his cabinet to leave from León to Honduras. Muñoz appointed José Francisco de Montenegro in Granada, but he died suddenly on 11 August and Alfaro took office. During this period, there were three Supreme Directors, Pineda in dissidence from Honduras, Alfaro in Granada and Justo Abaunza in León.

On 2 November 1851 militia under Fruto Chamorro supported by the returning Pineda from Honduras with help from Juan Lindo began to siege León. Abaunza surrendered followed by Alfaro in Granada handing over power to Fulgencio Vega and Pineda.

Juan Lindo
Juan Nepomuceno Fernández Lindo y Zelaya, generally known as Juan Lindo (16 May 1790 – 23 April 1857), was a conservative Central American politician, provisional president of the Republic of El Salvador from 1841 to 1842, and President of the Republic of Honduras from 1847 to 1852.
Jaanika Merilo
Jaanika Boryslavivna Merilo  (Ukrainian: Яніка Борисла́вівна Мери́ло) is an Estonian-Ukrainian reformer, IT innovator, and philanthropist.

Since October 2019, Merilo has been an advisor to Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine and Minister of Digital Transformation Mykhaylo Fedorov. She served as advisor to two Ministers of Infrastructure of Ukraine, the mayor of Dnipro, and the mayor of Lviv. She has served as expert advisor in Ukrainian State Agency of E-Government, and is the founder of charity programmes BookAngel and SoundAngel, and a co-founder of NGO Herojam Slava.

Since March 2023 Merilo has been Special Advisor (in innovation and international co-operation) to the Ministry of Social Affairs of Estonia and since 2024 Head of eHealth strategy of Estonia, while continuing as advisor to the Minister of Digital Transformation of Ukraine.

Ministry of Digital Transformation (Ukraine)
The Ministry of Digital Transformation (Ukrainian: Міністерство цифрової трансформації України, romanized: Ministerstvo tsyfrovoyi transformatsiyi Ukrayiny, IPA: [min⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɛrstwo tsɪfroˈwɔji trɐnsforˈmɑts⁽ʲ⁾iji ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is a government ministry in Ukraine that was established on 29 August 2019 when Mykhailo Fedorov was appointed as Minister of Digital Transformation in the Honcharuk Government.
Utica Pioneers
The Utica Pioneers are composed of 27 teams representing Utica University in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, track and field, and wrestling. Men's sports include baseball and football. Women's sports include field hockey, gymnastics, softball, volleyball, and water polo. The Pioneers compete in the NCAA Division III and are members of the Empire 8 for all sports except men's and women's ice hockey, and women's water polo. The men's and women's ice hockey teams compete as members of the United Collegiate Hockey Conference, and the women's water polo team competes as a member of the Collegiate Water Polo Association.

Utica University
Utica University is a private university in Utica, New York, United States. Its main campus is in Utica, and the Robert Brvenik Center for Business Education is in downtown Utica. The university also has satellite locations in Syracuse, New York, Latham, New York, and St. Petersburg, Florida.

Utica University offers 59 majors leading to bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. The university consists of the School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Justice Studies, and the School of Health Professions and Education.

There are currently over 32,000 Utica University alumni.
Nod (gesture)
A nod of the head is a gesture in which the head is tilted in alternating up and down arcs along the sagittal plane.  In many cultures, it is most commonly, but not universally, used to indicate agreement or as a greeting.

Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane (/ˈsædʒɪtəl/; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane in bilaterian organisms that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and divide it into two equal parts (mid-sagittal), or away from the midline and divide it into unequal parts (para-sagittal).

The term sagittal was coined by Gerard of Cremona.
Aipichthyoides
Aipichthyoides is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine bony fish that lived during the lower Cenomanian in what is now the West Bank. Formerly classified in the Polymixiiformes, it is now thought to be a distant relative of oarfish and opahs.

Opah
The opah, also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with Molidae),  cowfish, kingfish, and redfin ocean pan are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the genus Lampris, of the small family Lampridae (also spelled Lamprididae).
Jeffrey Gunter
Jeffrey Gunter (born June 1, 1999) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for two seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Coastal Carolina Chanticleers and NC State Wolfpack and was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the seventh round of the 2022 NFL draft.

Coastal Carolina Chanticleers football
The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers football team represents Coastal Carolina University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. The Chanticleers are members of the Sun Belt Conference, fielding its teams at the FBS level since 2017. The Chanticleers play their home games at James C. Benton Field at Brooks Stadium in Conway, South Carolina, United States.

Their head coach is Ryan Beard, who was hired following the firing of Tim Beck.