hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oscar Ludvig Larsen
Oscar Ludvig Larsen (20 March 1880 – 5 November 1962) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1919 from the constituency Aalesund og Molde, and was re-elected in 1922 from the Market towns of Møre og Romsdal county.

He was born in Ålesund, and worked as a wholesaler and ship-owner. From 1915 to 1925 he was a vice consul of Sweden. He was a member of Ålesund city council from 1907 to 1922.

Market towns of Møre og Romsdal county
The Market towns of Møre og Romsdal county (Norwegian: Kjøpstedene i Møre og Romsdal fylke) was an electoral district for parliamentary elections in Norway. It comprised the market towns (Norwegian: kjøpsteder) of Kristiansund, Molde and Ålesund in Møre og Romsdal county.

The district was established ahead of the 1921 Norwegian parliamentary election following the change from single member constituencies to plural member constituencies in 1919.

Following changes in the national policy on market towns in 1952, these electoral districts were abolished ahead of the 1953 Norwegian parliamentary election. Instead, each county became one electoral district, and for election purposes the towns were integrated into their respective counties.
Finances of the British royal family
The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources. The monarch and some of his family are supported financially by means of the Sovereign Grant, which comes from profits from the Crown Estate, and which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign's official expenditures. This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences, staffing, travel and state visits, public engagements, and official entertainment. Other sources of income include revenues from the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall, income from assets of other trusts, income from private investments, and a parliamentary annuity.

The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign's financial affairs.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Berkeley Bowl
Berkeley Bowl is an independent  grocery store in Berkeley, California. Founded by Glenn and Diane Yasuda, it sells organic and natural products and is known for its extensive produce section. In 2008, the Los Angeles Times wrote that it was "[Berkeley]'s most popular grocery store" and "one of the nation's most renowned retailers of exotic fruits and vegetables." It has two locations in the city.

The business name is a reference to the former bowling alley that became the store's first location.

Bowling alley
A bowling alley (also known as a bowling center, bowling lounge, bowling arena, or historically bowling club) is a facility where the sport of bowling is played. It can be a dedicated facility or part of another, such as a clubhouse or dwelling house.
Greg Smith (British Army officer)
Major General Gregory Stephen Smith, CB, QVRM, TD, VR, DL (born 18 May 1956) is a British businessman and retired British Army officer. He served as an officer of the Territorial Army from 1980 to 2013 and became the most senior reservist of the British Armed Forces. He served as Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) from 2010 to 2013.

Territorial Decoration
The Territorial Decoration (TD) was a military medal of the United Kingdom awarded for long service in the Territorial Force and its successor, the Territorial Army.

This award superseded the Volunteer Officer's Decoration when the Territorial Force was formed on 1 April 1908, following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907, (7 Edw.7, c.9) which was a large reorganisation of the old Volunteer Army and the remaining units of militia and Yeomanry.  However, the Militia were transferred to the Special Reserve rather than becoming part of the Territorial Force. Recipients of this award are entitled to use the letters "TD" after their name (post-nominal).
Syed Ali (cricketer)
Syed Ali (12 July 1913 – 3 February 1993) was a Trinidadian cricketer. He played in five first-class matches for Trinidad and Tobago from 1940 to 1943. Primarily an off-spinner, he was no-balled for throwing on 29 occasions by umpire Eddie Ward during a match against Barbados in 1942, leading him to bowl underarm.

Underarm bowling
Underarm bowling is a style of bowling in cricket. The style is as old as the sport itself. Until the introduction of the roundarm style in the first half of the 19th century, bowling was performed in the same way as in the sport of bowls, with the ball being delivered with the hand below the waist. Bowls may well be an older game than cricket and it is possible that it provided a template for delivering a ball with a degree of accuracy.
Kingianthus
Kingianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

The entire genus is endemic to Ecuador.

Species

Kingianthus paniculatus (Turcz.) H.Rob. - Ecuador (Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Imbabura, Pichincha, + Tungurahua Provinces)

Kingianthus paradoxus H.Rob. - Ecuador (Azuay + Loja Provinces)

Imbabura Province
Imbabura (Spanish pronunciation: [imbaˈβuɾa]) is a province located in the Andes of northern Ecuador.  The capital is Ibarra. The people of the province speak Spanish, and a large portion of the population also speak the Imbaburan Kichwa variety of the Quechua language.

The summit of Cotacachi Volcano at an elevation of 4,944 metres (16,220 ft) is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-east of the town of Cotacachi. The volcano is located in the large Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve.

Imbabura Volcano is also located in the province.  Best reached from the town of La Esperanza, the 4,609 metres (15,121 ft) high mountain can be climbed in a single day.
Icejet
Icejet was a charter airline based in Iceland. Icejet operated Fairchild Dornier 328JET business jets and was the only business jet operator based in Iceland. Icejet was a JAR-OPS (Joint Aviation Requirement) operator. It was founded in 2005 and ceased flights in August 2010.

Dornier 328
The Dornier 328 is a turboprop-powered commuter airliner. Initially produced by German company Dornier Luftfahrt GmbH, the firm was acquired in 1996 by US firm Fairchild Aircraft. The resulting firm, named Fairchild Dornier, manufactured the Fairchild Dornier 328 family in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, conducted sales from San Antonio, Texas, United States, and supported the product line from both locations. A jet-powered version of the aircraft, the Fairchild Dornier 328JET, was also produced. While the Dornier name was later bought by Airbus Industries, the Dornier 328 type certificate (but not the word Dornier) has passed through a series of other investors, culminating with a company that, As of May 2025, was intending to roll out an updated version under the name D328eco.
Novovorontsovka
Novovorontsovka (Ukrainian: Нововоронцовка; Russian: Нововоронцовка) is a rural settlement in Beryslav Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Novovorontsovka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Novovorontsovka is located on the right bank of the former Kakhovka Reservoir, an artificial reservoir on the Dnieper. It has a population of 5,951 (2022 estimate).

Kakhovka Reservoir
The Kakhovka Reservoir (Ukrainian: Каховське водосховище, romanized: Kakhovs'ke vodoskhovyshche) was a water reservoir on the Dnieper River in Ukraine. It was created in 1956 by construction of the Kakhovka Dam at Nova Kakhovka. It was one of several reservoirs in the Dnieper reservoir cascade.

The dam was breached on 6 June 2023, which consensus attributes to Russian forces mining and blowing the base of the dam, while Russia alternatively described it as a "terrorist" act, in the case of the Russian-installed mayor of Nova Kakhovka, or as caused by a lack of maintenance, in the case of the Russian government. By the end of June, the reservoir was completely dry.
Cinga Samson
Cinga Samson (born 1986) is a South African artist known for his figurative oil paintings of large-scale group scenes and self-portraits. Samson's work is most recognizable for his use of a dark palette, depictions of figures with pupil-less eyes, and formal, ceremonious poses.

Samson has had solo exhibitions in London, New York City and Cape Town, and his work has been included in group shows in Amsterdam, Berlin, Minneapolis, Norway, Vermont, Paris and Mexico.

He currently resides in Cape Town. Samson is represented by White Cube.

Figurative art
Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational. The term is often in contrast to abstract art:

Since the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.

Painting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, "abstract" is sometimes used as a synonym of non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.

Figurative art is not synonymous with figure painting (art that represents the human figure), although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.
Cappella Artemisia
Cappella Artemisia is an Italian all-female vocal group specializing in the music of the convents of 17th-century Italy. The group was founded by the American, but resident in Italy, singer and musicologist Candace Smith. Smith is also co-publisher, with her husband cornettist Bruce Dickey of editions of this music through Artemisia Editions. The main repertoire of the group focuses on nun composers themselves - including Raphaella Aleotti, the first nun to publish as a composer, Maria Xaveria Perucona and Isabella Leonarda (both Ursulines), Chiara Margarita Cozzolani and Rosa Giacinta Badalla (both from the Milan convent of Santa Radegonda), Sulpitia Cesis (from the Augustinian convent of S. Geminiano in Modena), Alba Tressina, Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana and Caterina Assandra. The ensemble also performs works of the male composers - some monks, some secular - who dedicated works to the convents.

Rosa Giacinta Badalla
Rosa Giacinta Badalla (ca. 1660 – ca. 1710) was an Italian composer from the Milan area and Benedictine nun. She was at the convent of Saint Radegonda in Milan from 1678. Badalla had only one printed collection, Motetti a voce sola (1684, Venice), a book of solo motets. Kendrick identifies it as "remarkable among Milanese solo motet books…for its patent vocal viruosity, motivic originality and self-assured compositional technique". There are also two surviving secular cantatas, Vuò cercando (ca. 1680) and O fronde care (ca 1695), to which Badalla also wrote the text.
Maly Yeravna
Maly Yeravna (Russian: Малое Еравное озеро; Russian Buryat: Бага Ярууна) is a fresh water body in the Yeravninsky District, Buryatia, Russia. There are two inhabited places by the lake, Tuldun in the northwestern shore and Shiringa in the northeastern.

The Yeravninsky penitentiary settlement was established by Russian Cossack explorers on the eastern bank of the lake in 1675. But by the beginning of the 18th century the prison had lost relevance and only 11 houses and the former prison clerk hut remained.

Buryat language
Buryat or Buriat, known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety of the Mongolic languages spoken by the Buryats and Bargas that is classified either as a language or major dialect group of Mongolian.
Despo Diamantidou
Despoina "Despo" Diamantidou (Greek: Δέσπω Διαμαντίδου; 13 July 1916 – 18 February 2004) was a Greek actress. She appeared in more than seventy films from 1949 to 2003, frequently in support of Melina Mercouri and directed four times by Jules Dassin.

She had flashy roles as the ringleader of the Piraeus prostitutes in Never on Sunday (1960) and as Woody Allen's Russian mother in Love and Death (1975). Despo also appeared as Tatiana in Alan King's summer replacement sitcom, Ivan the Terrible starring Lou Jacobi, which aired on ABC from 21 August to 18 September 1976.

Alan King
Alan King (born Irwin Alan Kniberg; December 26, 1927 – May 9, 2004) was an American comedian, actor and satirist known for his biting wit and often angry humorous rants. He was also a serious actor who appeared in a number of films and television shows. King wrote several books, produced films, and appeared in plays. In his later years, he helped many philanthropic causes.
Schauman
The Schauman family is a Swedish-Finnish noble family of German origin, introduced in both the Swedish House of Nobility and the Finnish House of Nobility. Originally known as a family of high-ranking soldiers, since the 1800s its representatives have become known in numerous other fields.

House of Nobility (Finland)
The House of Nobility either refers to the institution of the Finnish nobility or the palace of the noble estate in Helsinki, Finland. The Finnish nobility was from 1809 until 1906 the first of the four estates of the realm.
The Burning Girls
The Burning Girls is a British psychological horror drama television miniseries based on the 2021 novel of the same name by C.J. Tudor, adapted by Hans Rosenfeldt and Camilla Ahlgren. Developed by Buccaneer Media for Paramount+, it stars Samantha Morton and Ruby Stokes, and follows Reverend Jack Brooks (Morton) and her daughter, Flo (Strokes), as they move to Chapel Croft, a place that soon reveals the dark history of its community, where ancient superstitions and distrust of strangers are quite common.

The Burning Girls had premiered on 19 October 2023 on Paramount+. The series mixed reviews from critics.

Conrad Khan
Conrad Louis Khan (born 2000) is an English actor. His performance in the film County Lines (2019) earned him nominations for Young British/Irish Performer at the London Critics Circle Film Awards, Most Promising Newcomer at the British Independent Film Awards, and the BAFTA Rising Star Award. He was also named a 2020 Screen International Star of Tomorrow.

On television, he appeared in the second series of Baptiste (2021) and played Duke Shelby in the sixth series of Peaky Blinders (2022).
Fábio Mello
Fábio Mello (born June 28, 1975) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who fought on Pride Fighting Championships, DEEP, Shooto, Bellator Fighting Championships, Jungle Fight and Titan Fighting Championships. He is currently the no gi and brazilian jiu-jitsu trainer of Imperial Athletics.

Submission wrestling
Submission wrestling, also known as submission fighting and submission grappling or simply grappling, is a martial art and combat sport that focuses on ground fighting and submission techniques. It is a hybrid discipline that incorporates elements of various martial arts such as various wrestling styles, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Submission wrestling is practiced both as a competitive sport and as a training method for self-defence and mixed martial arts (MMA).
Maitripa College
Maitripa College, founded in 2005 as Maitripa Institute, is a Tibetan Buddhist college located in Portland, Oregon. It is an affiliated member of the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), an international network of Gelugpa dharma centers. It is the first and only Tibetan Buddhist college in the Pacific Northwest.

The institute's name was chosen by FPMT spiritual director, Thubten Zopa Rinpoche. It honors the eleventh century yogin Maitripa (the guru of Marpa and disciple of Naropa) who taught at the great monastic universities of Nalanda and Vikramashila.

Maitripa's founding president is Yangsi Rinpoche, a tulku and Lharampa Geshe who graduated from Sera Je (Se Rva Byas) and Gyume Tantric College. Yangsi Rinpoche is also one of the primary faculty members at the College.

Naropa
Nāropā (c. 1016 - 1100 CE) (Prakrit; Sanskrit: Nāropāda,  Naḍapāda or Abhayakirti)  was an Indian Buddhist Mahasiddha. He was the disciple of Tilopa and brother, or some sources say partner and pupil, of Niguma. As an Indian Mahasiddha, Naropa's instructions inform Vajrayana, particularly his six yogas of Naropa relevant to the completion stage of anuttarayogatantra.
He was also one of the "gatekeepers" of Vikramashila monastery and was also associated with Nalanda monastery where he rose to the position of abbot.

Although some accounts relate that Naropa was the personal teacher of Marpa Lotsawa, other accounts suggest that Marpa held Naropa's lineage through intermediary disciples only.
Jason Critchley
Jason Critchley (born 7 December 1970) is an English former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. At club level for the Castleford Tigers, Keighley Cougars, Salford City Reds, Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, Whitehaven and the Widnes Vikings as a wing or centre, and top level club level rugby union for Newport RFC, Leicester Tigers, Manchester (loan), US Dax and De La Salle Palmerston.

He played representative rugby league for Great Britain at every age level from under 16's, 19's and 21's. He was also selected for England, Wales and Great Britain on the tour to Papua New Guinea, Fiji and New Zealand in 1996.

Manchester Rugby Club
Manchester Rugby Club, founded in 1860 as "Manchester Football Club", is one of the oldest rugby union clubs in the world. Home matches are played at Grove Park in Cheadle Hulme, Stockport.

The club has a Senior Men's section (1st XV, 2nd XV and 3rd XV), a Senior Women and Youth Girls section (Manchester Women & Girls' Academy), and also Minis, Juniors and Colts (Manchester Academy). The club's home colours are red and white narrow hooped shirts, white shorts and red and white hooped socks. Away colours are navy shirts with red piping, navy shorts and navy socks.  The men's 1st XV currently play in Regional 1 North West, the fifth tier of the English rugby union system. The Women's 1st XV compete in Championship North 2, in the third tier of the English rugby union system.
Boletocrocin
Boletocrocin is any one of a group of seven closely related organic compounds, individually named boletocrocin A through boletrocrocin G.  These compounds are polyene dicarboxylic acids that include both lipophilic and polar amino acids. They were extracted from the brightly colored mushrooms Boletus laetissimus and B. rufoaureus. The boletocrocins' conjugated systems account for the intense color.

Related biological pigments are present in other fungi, such as calostomal (from Calostoma cinnabarinum), melanocrocin (from Melanogaster broomeianus), and mycenaaruin A (from Mycena aurantiomarginata).

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Burnpur Airport
Asansol (Burnpur) Airport (ICAO: VEBB) is located at Burnpur in the southern part of the city of Asansol, India. It is a private airport owned by IISCO Steel Plant of Steel Authority of India and can handle small aircraft.

Burnpur
Burnpur is a captive township of SAIL, the area covered by IISCO Steel Plant and its surroundings in Asansol of West Burdwan district, in the heart of the mining-industrial belt in the western periphery of the state of West Bengal, India. It is governed by Asansol Municipal Corporation.
Trnovec pri Dramljah
Trnovec pri Dramljah (pronounced [ˈtəɾnɔːʋəts pɾi ˈdɾaːmljax]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. It lies south of Dramlje, just off the regional road to the town of Šentjur. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Duchy of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark; Slovene: Vojvodina Štajerska; Latin: Ducatus Styriae) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918.
Bourbon Red
The Bourbon Red is an American breed of domestic turkey. It is named for its reddish-brown plumage and for its area of origin, Bourbon County, Kentucky, where it was developed in the last years of the nineteenth century. It was accepted into the Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 1909, and in the early twentieth century was an important commercial meat breed until the Broad Breasted White began to dominate industrial production.: 454  The Bourbon Red is considered a heritage turkey; it is an endangered breed, classified as 'watch' by the Livestock Conservancy. It was formerly known as the Bourbon Butternut or as the Kentucky Red.

Bourbon County, Kentucky
Bourbon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,252. Its county seat is Paris. Bourbon County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of Kentucky's nine original counties, and is best known for its historical association with bourbon whiskey.
Behavioral systems analysis
Behavioral systems analysis (BSA), or performance systems analysis, applies behavior analysis and systems analysis to human performance in organizations. BSA is directly related to performance management and organizational behavior management.

Stimulus control
In behavioral psychology, stimulus control is a phenomenon in operant conditioning that occurs when an organism behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another way in its absence. A stimulus that modifies behavior in this manner is either a discriminative stimulus or stimulus delta. For example, the presence of a stop sign at a traffic intersection alerts the driver to stop driving and increases the probability that braking behavior occurs. Stimulus control does not force behavior to occur, as it is a direct result of historical reinforcement contingencies, as opposed to reflexive behavior elicited through classical conditioning.

Some theorists believe that all behavior is under some form of stimulus control. For example, in the analysis of B. F. Skinner, verbal behavior is a complicated assortment of behaviors with a variety of controlling stimuli.