hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hilbert–Burch theorem
In mathematics, the Hilbert–Burch theorem describes the structure of some free resolutions of a quotient of a local or graded ring in the case that the quotient has projective dimension 2. Hilbert (1890) proved a version of this theorem for polynomial rings, and Burch (1968, p. 944) proved a more general version. Several other authors later rediscovered and published variations of this theorem. Eisenbud (1995, theorem 20.15) gives a statement and proof.

Graded ring
In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra, a graded ring is a ring such that the underlying additive group is a direct sum of abelian groups  such that ⁠⁠. The index set is usually the set of nonnegative integers or the set of integers, but can be any monoid. The direct sum decomposition is usually referred to as gradation or grading.

A graded module is defined similarly (see below for the precise definition). It generalizes graded vector spaces. A graded module that is also a graded ring is called a graded algebra. A graded ring could also be viewed as a graded ⁠⁠-algebra.

The associativity is not important (in fact not used at all) in the definition of a graded ring; hence, the notion applies to non-associative algebras as well; e.g., one can consider a graded Lie algebra.
Webb S. Knight House
The Webb S. Knight House, at 514 7th St. in Spearfish, South Dakota, is a "a very simple version of Queen Anne" style house built in 1892.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

It is a frame house on a stone foundation, with clapboard siding.

Spearfish, South Dakota
Spearfish (Lakota: Hočhápȟe) is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 12,193 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 13,803 in 2024, making it the 10th most populous city in South Dakota. Spearfish is the largest city in Lawrence County and the home of Black Hills State University.
Norman Sharpless
Norman Edward "Ned" Sharpless (born September 20, 1966) is the previous Director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Before that, Sharpless was Professor of Medicine and Genetics Chair, Director of University of North Carolina UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Therapeutics, Wellcome Distinguished Professorship in Cancer Research.

Sharpless was named to head the NCI on June 10, 2017, and took office on October 17, 2017. Sharpless also served as Acting Commissioner of the Food and Drugs from April 5, 2019 until November 1, 2019, after which he returned to the NCI. He stepped down from the post at the end of April 2022.

Commissioner of Food and Drugs
The United States commissioner of food and drugs is the head of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The commissioner is nominated by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The commissioner reports to the secretary of health and human services.

Due to frequent controversies involving the FDA, appointments are not always prompt and the agency is often headed by an acting commissioner. For example, Andrew von Eschenbach's appointment was held up by senators who objected to the FDA's refusal to allow emergency contraception to be sold over the counter.

The commissioner has frequently been a physician, but this is not a requirement for the post. Commissioners rarely come from a food-related background.
Joen Danielsen
Joen Danielsen Known as Kvívíks-Jógvan (Jógvan of Kvívík), (11 June 1843 – 2 May 1926).  He married and settled in the town of Gjógv.

Kvívíks-Jógvan was one of the earliest traditional Faroese poets to write poems in the Faroese language. Growing up together with J. P. Gregoriussen in the town of Kvívík when V. U. Hammershaimb was parish priest there, he taught himself to read Faroese by borrowing books from Mr. Hammershaimb.

Among the many poems he wrote, Jógvan also wrote traditional Faroese ballads, the most famous being "Kópakvæðið" (the ballad of the Selkie or seal woman) which consists of 68 verses.  This ballad is based on a Faroese legend about seals coming ashore to dance in human appearance on 7 January, which locally is known as "old christmas" which was celebrated in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

Grey seal
The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) is a large seal of the family Phocidae, which are commonly referred to as "true seals" or "earless seals". The only species classified in the genus Halichoerus, it is found on both shores of the North Atlantic Ocean. In Latin, Halichoerus grypus means "hook-nosed sea pig". Its name is spelled gray seal in the United States; it is also known as Atlantic seal and the horsehead seal.
The Most Reluctant Convert
The Most Reluctant Convert: The Untold Story of C.S. Lewis is a 2021 British biographical drama film written and directed by Norman Stone, based on the 2016 stage play, C.S. Lewis on Stage: The Most Reluctant Convert, by Max McLean (which itself was based on Lewis' 1955 memoir Surprised by Joy). It is about the life and conversion of British writer, lay theologian, and Christian apologist C. S. Lewis, author of The Chronicles of Narnia series. The film stars McLean, Nicholas Ralph, Eddie Ray Martin, Richard Harrington, Amy Alexander, and Tom Glenister.

The film was released in the United States on November 3, 2021, and in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2021.

Director Norman Stone had previously directed 1985's Shadowlands, a film about the relationship between C. S. Lewis and American author Joy Davidman, for which he won a BAFTA for Best Single Drama (along with producer David M. Thompson).

Richard Harrington (actor)
Richard Harrington is a Welsh stage and TV actor. He has had starring roles in the shows Hinterland, Bleak House, Gunpowder, Treason & Plot, and the film The All Together. He won a BAFTA Cymru Award for his role in the film Dafydd and another for his role in Hinterland.
Leander Schnerr
Leander Schnerr OSB (September 27, 1836 – September 4, 1920) was a German-American Catholic priest and Benedictine monk who served as the archabbot of Saint Vincent Archabbey and president of Saint Vincent College from 1892 to 1920. Before being elected Archabbot, he had a career as a priest serving German-speaking parishes in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Illinois.

During his tenure as Archabbot, Schnerr grew the Archabbey, college, and Seminary. He resisted attempts from temperance advocates to stop the brewing of Saint Vincent Beer. In 1918, Aurelius Stehle was elected Coadjutor Archabbot and Schnerr retired from religious life. He died at Saint Vincent Archabbey in 1920 and is buried in the archabbey's cemetery.

Saint Vincent Seminary
Saint Vincent Seminary is a Catholic seminary in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by Boniface Wimmer in 1846, who established Saint Vincent Archabbey as the first Benedictine monastery in North America. It is the fourth oldest Catholic seminary in the United States.

The seminary was officially established on August 24, 1855, through an Apostolic Brief of Pope Pius IX. Civil degrees are conferred by virtue of a charter granted by an act of the Pennsylvania State Legislature on April 18, 1870. Since 1870, over 300 students have earned the Master of Arts degree and 400 Master of Divinity degrees. More than 2,400 diocesan and religious students have been ordained priests.
Tetyana Klimchenko
Tetyana Igorivna Klimchenko (Ukrainian: Тетя́на І́горівна Клі́мченко; born 8 May 1994) is a Ukrainian professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Lviv Cycling Team. She rode at the 2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
North Country Maid
North Country Maid is the third studio album by British singer Marianne Faithfull. It was released only in the United Kingdom. The arrangements were by Jon Mark and Mick Taylor. Gus Dudgeon was the engineer and Gered Mankowitz was the photographer. The guitarists included Jon Mark and Big Jim Sullivan.

Half of the songs had been released months earlier in the United States on the album Go Away from My World.

Gus Dudgeon
Angus Boyd "Gus" Dudgeon (30 September 1942 – 21 July 2002) was an English record producer, who oversaw many of Elton John's most acclaimed recordings, including his commercial breakthrough, "Your Song". Their collaboration led to seven US No. 1 albums, and established John as one of the most successful singles artists of the 1970s.

Dudgeon also produced Chris Rea's first hit, the US chart topping "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", and David Bowie's "Space Oddity", and steered many other artists to chart success, including Joan Armatrading and Elkie Brooks. The Guinness Book of Records cites Dudgeon as being the first person to use sampling in music production. He was a founding member of the Music Producers Guild.
Get Dirty Radio
Get Dirty Radio is the second solo studio album by American rapper A.G. of Diggin' in the Crates Crew. It was released on October 31, 2006, through Look Records. Recording sessions took place at Handclap Studios in San Francisco, except for the song "We Don't Care", which was recorded in The Bronx. Production was handled by DJ Design, Madlib, Oh No, Tommy Tee, Cochise, Jake One, J Dilla, Lord Finesse and Showbiz. It features guest appearances from Aloe Blacc, Party Arty and Lil' Roze.

D.I.T.C.
The Diggin' in the Crates Crew, commonly known as D.I.T.C., is an American hip hop collective formed in 1992 in New York City. The collective's name derives from the act of seeking out records to sample for production. The collective is composed of Lord Finesse, Diamond D, Big L, O.C., Fat Joe, Buckwild, Showbiz and A.G. Ghetto Dwellas Party Arty and D-Flow. Its members have achieved substantial and consistent recognition in underground rap circles, having often collaborated with undiscovered talents and underground hip hop artists alongside mainstream rappers.
Ed Allan
Edward Allan is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Allan was drafted by Collingwood with pick 19 of the 2022 AFL draft. He is the son of former Claremont, Hawthorn and Fremantle player Ben Allan.

After playing the entire 2023 season for Collingwood's team in the Victorian Football League (VFL), he made his AFL debut against his father's former team Fremantle in round 11 of the 2024 season.

Allan earned a nomination for the 2025 AFL Rising Star after his round 12 performance against Hawthorn, in which he had 23 possessions.

Claremont Football Club
The Claremont Football Club, nicknamed Tigers, is an Australian rules football club based in Claremont, Western Australia, that currently plays in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW). Its official colours are navy blue and gold. Formed as the "Cottesloe Beach Football Club" in 1906, the club entering the WAFL in 1925 as the "Claremont-Cottesloe Football Club"', changing its name to the present in 1935. Claremont have won 12 senior men's premierships since entering the competition, including most recently the 2011 and 2012 premierships.
2024 Emilia-Romagna Open
The 2024 Emilia-Romagna Open, known as the Emilia-Romagna Tennis Cup for men and Parma Ladies Open for women, was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts in Sassuolo, Italy as an ATP Challenger Tour 125 event and in Parma, Italy as a WTA 125 event. The sixth edition of the men's event was held between 17 and 22 June on the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour and the fourth edition for the women as part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments between 13 and 18 May.

Sassuolo
Sassuolo (Italian pronunciation: [sasˈswɔːlo]; Modenese: Sasól [saˈsoːl]) is an Italian town, comune, and industrial centre of the Province of Modena in Emilia-Romagna.

Standing on the right bank of the river Secchia some 17 kilometres (11 mi) southwest of Modena, the town is best known for being the centre of the Italian tile industry and for being the home town of Serie A side U.S. Sassuolo Calcio.
Rohan Shah
Rohan Shah (born 29 December 1994) is an Indian actor, known for his role as Mandy in Ishaan: Sapno Ko Awaaz De on Disney Channel India and Agham Neil Khanna in Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar on Sony TV. He played the lead role of Vivek in the 2020 Bollywood film Hacked along with Hina Khan. He is also associated with the YouTube channel FilterCopy, with whom he acts frequently for their short films.

Hina Khan
Hina Khan (pronounced [ˈɦiːnaː kʰaːn]; born 2 October 1987) is an Indian actress who appears in Hindi and Punjabi films and television. Khan is noted for her versatility across genres—from family dramas and reality shows to psychological thrillers. One of the highest-paid television actresses in India, she is a recipient of several accolades including three ITA Awards, three Indian Telly Awards and seven Gold Awards.

Khan is widely recognised for portraying Akshara Maheshwari Singhania in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–2016), her performances earned her two ITA Award for Best Actress - Popular. Khan emerged as the runner-up in the eighth and the eleventh seasons of the reality shows Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi  (2017) and Bigg Boss (2017–2018). She then played the critically acclaimed negative character in the romantic television series Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 from 2018 to 2019, which earned her the Gold Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role.
Judas Mind
"Judas Mind" is a song by the South African rock band Seether, released on July 19, 2024, as the lead single from the band’s ninth studio album, The Surface Seems So Far. The track reached number one on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Airplay chart, giving the band their tenth career No. 1 song on that chart since 2005.

Matt Hyde
Matt Hyde (born June 19, 1964) is an American record producer, engineer and mixer. He has been credited as engineer, producer, mixer and/or mastering engineer on notable albums such as No Doubt's Tragic Kingdom, Monster Magnet's Powertrip, Slayer's God Hates Us All, Hatebreed's Perseverance, Parkway Drive's Atlas, and Deftones' Gore.
Almunia de San Juan
Almunia de San Juan (Aragonese L'Almunia de Sant Chuan) is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 660 inhabitants.

Aragonese language
Aragonese (/ˌærəɡəˈniːz/ ARR-ə-gə-NEEZ; aragonés [aɾaɣoˈnes] in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça. It is the only modern language which survived from medieval Navarro-Aragonese in a form distinct from Spanish.

Historically, people referred to the language as fabla ('talk' or 'speech'). Native Aragonese people usually refer to it by the names of its local dialects such as cheso (from Valle de Hecho) or patués (from the Benasque Valley).
Sam Stith
Samuel Elwood Stith (born July 22, 1937) is an American former professional basketball player. Stith was selected in the 1960 NBA draft by the Cincinnati Royals after a collegiate career at St. Bonaventure University. He also played in the Eastern Professional Basketball League, where in 1963 he won the league championship.

He is the brother of professional basketball player Tom Stith.

1960 NBA draft
The 1960 NBA draft was the 14th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 11, 1960, before the 1960–61 season. In this draft, eight NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection. If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. Before the draft, a team could forfeit its first-round draft pick and then select any player from within a 50-mile radius of its home arena as their territorial pick. The Minneapolis Lakers participated in the draft, but relocated to Los Angeles and became the Los Angeles Lakers prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 21 rounds comprising 100 players selected.
Peglio, Lombardy
Peglio (Comasco: Pej [ˈpɛj]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Milan and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 209 and an area of 10.8 square kilometres (4.2 sq mi).

Peglio borders the following municipalities: Domaso, Dosso del Liro, Gravedona, Livo.

Comasco dialect
Comasco (endonym: comasch), anglicized as Comasque, is a dialect belonging to the Western branch of Lombard language, spoken in the city and suburbs of Como. Comasco is part of the Comasco-Lecchese dialect group.
Akon City
Akon City was a planned community and city in the M'bour Department of Senegal by Senegalese-American singer and entrepreneur Akon. The project was first announced by Akon in 2018. Akon said in October 2022 that construction of the city's first phase would begin in 2023 and be completed in 2028. Akon said he was inspired by the movie Black Panther, and he refers to Akon City as a "real-life Wakanda" that uses modern technologies, including blockchain and cryptocurrency.

On July 4, 2025, the BBC reported the Akon City project had been abandoned but that Akon and local authorities were working on something "more realistic". The only part of Akon City that has been at least partially constructed is the Akon City Welcome Center.

Senegalese Americans
Senegalese Americans (French: Américains sénégalais) are an ethnic group of Americans of Senegalese descent. In the surveys of 2019, 18,091 people claimed to be of Senegalese origin or descent in the United States. However, many West Africans trafficked by enslavers to the United States were also of Senegalese origin (arriving together with Africans of other origins who came by way of Senegalese ports). Thus many African Americans may also have some ancestors of this country.
Michel Hulin
Michel Hulin (born 31 January 1936) is a French philosopher, specialised in Indian philosophy. An alumn of the École normale supérieure, he obtained his doctorate in philosophy from the Paris-Sorbonne University in 1977 with a dissertation on the Vedic concept of ahamkara. He was a professor of Indian and comparative philosophy at Paris-Sorbonne from 1981 to 1998. His research has focused on classical Indian philosophy, such as the nondualism in Vedanta, Tantric-inspired texts in Shaivism and the confrontations between European and Asian traditions of thought.

Paris-Sorbonne University
Paris-Sorbonne University (also known as Paris IV; French: Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV) was a public research university in Paris, France, active from 1971 to 2017. It was the main inheritor of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Paris. In 2018, it merged with Pierre and Marie Curie University and some smaller entities to form a new university called Sorbonne University and became its Faculty of Arts and Humanities.
2000 America East Conference baseball tournament
The 2000 America East Conference baseball tournament was held from May 18 through 20 at Frawley Stadium in Wilmington, Delaware. The top four regular season finishers of the league's eight teams qualified for the double-elimination tournament. In the championship game, first-seeded Delaware defeated fourth-seeded Northeastern, 4-2, to win its third consecutive and fifth overall tournament championship. As a result, Delaware received the America East's automatic bid to the 2000 NCAA tournament.

Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens baseball
The Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and are members of the Conference USA.
Malkhaz Cheishvili
Malkhaz Cheishvili (Georgian: მალხაზ ჭეიშვილი) (born Tbilisi, 18 October 1959) is a Georgian rugby union coach. He was the coach of Georgia at the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals.

He managed to lose by less than a try to Ireland (10-14) and achieved the first win ever of his country at the Rugby World Cup finals, with Namibia (30-0).
He went on to coach the Georgia national team at the National Rugby Academy until 2008, and was the head coach of the Georgia national team at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, where he led the team to a 1-3 record. His lone World Cup win came against Namibia, a 30-0 win thanks to three tries from Akvcenti Ghiorghadze and the rest of the backs.

In 2009 he was appointed coach of the Azerbaijan rugby team. He is currently the head coach of Azerbaijan.

Namibia national rugby union team
The Namibia national rugby union team (nicknamed the Welwitschias) represents Namibia in men's international rugby union competitions. They are a tier-two nation in the World Rugby tier system, and have participated in seven Rugby World Cup competitions since their first appearance in 1999. They are governed by the Namibia Rugby Union.

Namibia has been playing international rugby since the early 1900s. As well as having competed at the World Cup, Namibia competes annually in the Africa Cup. Until independence, players for Namibia were also eligible to represent South Africa, with Namibian-born Springboks including Jan Ellis.
Weatherston
Weatherston is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Weatherston (born 1986), Scottish footballer

Katie Weatherston (born 1983), Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Tom Weatherston (born 1950), American industrial engineer and politician

Tom Weatherston
Tom Weatherston (born February 15, 1950) is an American industrial engineer and Republican politician.  He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 2013 through 2019, representing the northern half of Racine County.
Diverticulum (mollusc anatomy)
As applied to mollusks, the Neo-Latin term diverticulum is an anatomical feature. The term is most often encountered in the plural form as "diverticula", "hepatic diverticula", or "digestive diverticula", which are  anatomical terms for organs which are visible from the outside of the body in a clade of sea slugs known as aeolid nudibranchs, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs.

The term is also applied to mollusk anatomy in other contexts: land slugs such as Lehmannia marginata have a caecal diverticulum  and there is also a diverticulum in the stomach of certain Bivalvia.

Lehmannia marginata
Lehmannia marginata is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae. Sometimes classified in the genus Limax, the species is distinct in its ecology, and its nearly transparent body. It is a medium-sized species, rarely exceeding 12 cm in body length. The body is fairly long and narrow, with a marked keel. The keel looks lighter than the remaining body against the darker innards.