hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1961 Liverpool Plains state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Liverpool Plains on 26 March 1961 and was triggered by the resignation of Roger Nott (Labor), who was the Minister for Agriculture in the Heffron Labor government and accepted an appointment by the Menzies coalition government to be the Administrator of the Northern Territory.

Minister for Agriculture (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Minister for Agriculture is responsible for the administration and development of agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture, state forests, biosecurity, and crown lands in New South Wales, Australia.

The current minister, who also serves as the Minister for Western New South Wales, is Tara Moriarty, since 5 April 2023. The minister administers the portfolio through the Regional NSW cluster, including the Department of Regional NSW and a range of other government agencies such as the Department of Primary Industries.

Ultimately the minister is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
Unzenberg
Unzenberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kirchberg, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Kirchberg (Verbandsgemeinde)
Kirchberg is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is in Kirchberg.

The Verbandsgemeinde Kirchberg consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

49°56′42″N 7°24′25″E﻿ / ﻿49.945°N 7.407°E﻿ / 49.945; 7.407
Divisive (album)
Divisive is the eighth studio album by American heavy metal band Disturbed. Produced by Drew Fulk, it was released on November 18, 2022, via Reprise Records.

The first single from the album was "Hey You", which was released on July 14, 2022. In regards to the sound of the single, it is said to be similar to the band's earlier albums such as The Sickness and Ten Thousand Fists. A promotional single called "Unstoppable" was released on September 23, 2022, along with the details for their upcoming album. With a run time of 37 minutes and 55 seconds, It is the shortest Disturbed album to date. It is the final Disturbed album to be released through Reprise Records.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
Salim Khan Shams al-Dinlu
Salim Khan Shams al-Dinlu was an early 17th-century Safavid military leader and official of Turkoman origin. A member of the Shams al-Dinlu tribe, of which he was the leader for many years, he served as the governor (hakem) of Akhaltsikhe (Akhesqeh, also spelled as Akheshkheh), the provincial capital of Samtskhe (also known as Meskheti, Masq, or Meshkhia), from 1623 to 1627. In addition to this position, he also served as the governor of the Shams al-Dinlu tribal district in the Karabagh Province for several years. His son Ismail (Esma'il) succeeded him in 1629 as both the head of the tribe and the governor of the Shams al-Dinlu district.

Akhaltsikhe
Akhaltsikhe (Georgian: ახალციხე [äχäɫt̪͡s̪ʰiχe̞]), formerly known as Lomsia (Georgian: ლომსია [ɫo̞ms̪iä]), is a small city in Georgia's southwestern region (mkhare) of Samtskhe–Javakheti. It is the administrative center of the Akhaltsikhe Municipality and the Samtskhe–Javakheti region. It is situated on both banks of the small river Potskhovi (a left tributary of the Kura), which divides the city between the old city in the north and new in the south.

The 9th-century Akhaltsikhe (Rabati) Castle, which was recently restored, is located in the old part of the city. It is one of the main attractions of the Samtskhe–Javakheti region, along with Vardzia, Vale, Okrostsikhe and Zarzma.
Kimmich
Kimmich is a surname of German and Swiss-German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Christoph M. Kimmich (born 1939), German-American historian and eighth President of Brooklyn College

Jon Kimmich, American businessman

Joshua Kimmich (born 1995), German footballer

Karl Kimmich (1880–1945), German banker

Marc Kimmich (born 1983), Australian tennis player

Max W. Kimmich (1893–1980), German film director and screenwriter

Wilhelm Kimmich (1897–1986), German painter

Marc Kimmich
Marc Kimmich (born 21 January 1983) is a former professional tennis player from Australia.

Kimmich was born in Stuttgart, West Germany, and moved to Australia with his family at the age of five.

He received a wildcard entry into the 2005 Australian Open and faced Mariano Zabaleta in the first round, losing in four sets. In the men's doubles, he partnered with Adam Feeney but was eliminated in the first round by the Russian duo of Igor Andreev and Nikolay Davydenko.

At the 2006 Australian Open, Kimmich again received a wildcard but was defeated in the first round of the singles tournament by the 26th seed, Jarkko Nieminen. He also participated in the mixed doubles with partner Lisa McShea, but the pair lost in the opening round.
Graph partition
In mathematics, a graph partition is the reduction of a graph to a smaller graph by partitioning its set of nodes into mutually exclusive groups. Edges of the original graph that cross between the groups will produce edges in the partitioned graph. If the number of resulting edges is small compared to the original graph, then the partitioned graph may be better suited for analysis and problem-solving than the original. Finding a partition that simplifies graph analysis is a hard problem, but one that has applications to scientific computing, VLSI circuit design, and task scheduling in multiprocessor computers, among others. Recently, the graph partition problem has gained importance due to its application for clustering and detection of cliques in social, pathological and biological networks. For a survey on recent trends in computational methods and applications see Buluc et al. (2013).
Two common examples of graph partitioning are minimum cut and maximum cut problems.

Very-large-scale integration
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining millions or billions of MOS transistors onto a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when MOS integrated circuit (metal oxide semiconductor) chips were developed and then widely adopted, enabling complex semiconductor and telecommunications technologies. Microprocessors and memory chips are VLSI devices.

Before the introduction of VLSI technology, most ICs had a limited set of functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI enables IC designers to add all of these into one chip.
Gerald Desmond Bridge
The Gerald Desmond Bridge was a 1968 through arch bridge that carried five lanes of Ocean Boulevard from Interstate 710 in Long Beach, California, west across the Back Channel to Terminal Island. The bridge was named after Gerald Desmond, a prominent civic leader and former city attorney for the City of Long Beach. In October 2020, a new cable-stayed bridge named Long Beach International Gateway replaced the old Gerald Desmond Bridge to allow taller container ships to access the ports. Demolition of the old bridge began in July 2022 and was completed in August 2023.

Back Channel, Port of Long Beach
Back Channel is a canal in the Port of Long Beach, California, United States, and is nearby to Terminal Island, Island Grissom, and Thenard. It is also close to the port's East Basin and the Gerald Desmond Bridge.
Group Domain of Interpretation
Group Domain of Interpretation or GDOI is a cryptographic protocol for group key management.  The GDOI protocol is specified in an IETF Standard, RFC 6407, and is based on Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP), RFC 2408, and Internet Key Exchange version 1 (IKE).  Whereas IKE is run between two peers to establish a "pair-wise security association", GDOI protocol is run between a group member and a "group controller/key server" (controller) and establishes a security association among two or more group members.

Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet responsible for the technical standards of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster or requirements and all its participants are volunteers. Their work is usually funded by employers or other sponsors.

The IETF was initially supported by the federal government of the United States but since 1993 has operated under the auspices of the Internet Society, an American non-profit organization with local chapters around the world.
Monumento de Lifau
The Lifau Monument (Tetum: Monumentu Lifau) is a monument located in the town of Lifau, within the administrative post of Pante Macassar in the Oecusse municipality of Timor-Leste. The monument, in the shape of a bronze caravel, commemorates the 500th anniversary of the arrival of the Portuguese on the island of Timor.

Monument
A monument is a type of structure created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance.  Examples of monuments include statues, (war) memorials, historical buildings, and cultural assets. If there is a public interest in its preservation, a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The MAX Sessions
The MAX Sessions is an Australian television program broadcast on MAX. It features intimate performances, by both Australian and over-seas artists, played mostly acoustically in a live set up, similar to MTV Unplugged.

Missy Higgins
Melissa Morrison "Missy" Higgins (born 19 August 1983) is an Australian singer-songwriter and musician. Her most popular singles include "Scar", "Steer", and "Where I Stood". Her Australian number-one albums are The Sound of White (2004), On a Clear Night (2007) and The Ol' Razzle Dazzle (2012). In 2018, she released a greatest hits album called The Special Ones.

Higgins was nominated for five ARIA Music Awards in 2004 and won Best Pop Release for "Scar". In 2005, she was nominated for seven more awards and won five. Nominated for many more, Higgins won her seventh ARIA in 2007 and two more in 2012, including Best Adult Contemporary Album for The Ol' Razzle Dazzle.

Alongside her music career, Higgins pursues interests in animal rights and the environment, endeavouring to make her tours carbon neutral. In 2009, she made her acting debut in the music feature film Bran Nue Dae and also performed on its soundtrack.
What Do I Wish for Now? (Singles + Extras 1994–2004)
What Do I Wish for Now? (Singles + Extras 1994–2004) is a compilation album by Aberdeen released in 2006, a year after the band's breakup.

The album features all of Aberdeen's singles, B-sides and songs that previously only appeared on various artists albums, presented in chronological order. For this release, the first three tracks (which were originally released together) were remastered. The accompanying booklet contains a history of the band (originally published on the Under the Radar website in 2002) and retrospective quotations from the band.

Under the Radar (magazine)
Under the Radar is an American music magazine that features interviews with accompanying photo-shoots. Each issue includes opinion and commentary of the indie music scene as well as reviews of books, DVDs, and albums. The magazine posts web-exclusive interviews and reviews on its website.

Items are reviewed based on a rating system in which each album, book, and DVD receives a rating from 1 to 10. The magazine has been in publication since late 2001 and is issued three times per year.

The magazine was founded by co-publishers (and husband and wife) Mark Redfern and Wendy Lynch Redfern, who currently run the magazine. Mark is the magazine's Senior Editor and writes many of the magazine's articles. Wendy is the Creative Director and lays out each issue. She is also a music photographer and conducts photo-shoots for the magazine, including many of its covers.
Nikki Palikat
Nicolette Louisa Palikat (born 1 November 1985) is a Malaysian American singer from Tambunan, Sabah. She reached top 12 in the first season of Malaysian Idol. Nikki is known for her vocal belting and her ability to sing in the whistle register.

Tambunan
Tambunan (Malay: Pekan Tambunan) is the capital of Tambunan District in the Interior Division of Sabah, Malaysia. Its population was estimated to be around 2,553 in 2010. The town is located 80 kilometres (50 miles) east of the state capital, Kota Kinabalu (to which is connected by the Malaysia Federal Route 500), 48 kilometres (30 miles) south of Ranau and 48 kilometres north of Keningau. At an average altitude of 750 metres (820 yards), the valley town, which is part of the Crocker Range, experiences a mild tropical climate all year long. The valley is peppered with terraced paddy fields and 70 villages. The dense forests of bamboo around Tambunan are a legacy of the British colonial period, during which an edict stated that 20 bamboo sprouts had to be planted for every bamboo cut.
Cinnamol
Cinnamol can refer to:

A brand of cinnamon oil (cinnamon bark oil or oil of cinnamon)

A brand of paracetamol in Nigeria

An uncommon name of styrene (styrol, vinylbenzene, phenylethene, ethenylbenzene, cinnamène), so named when it was produced by decarboxylating cinnamic acid in the 1800s

Styrene
Styrene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2. Its structure consists of a vinyl group as substituent on benzene. Styrene is a colorless, oily liquid, although aged samples can appear yellowish. The compound evaporates easily and has a sweet smell, although high concentrations have a less pleasant odor. Styrene is the precursor to polystyrene and several copolymers, and is typically made from benzene for this purpose. Approximately 25 million tonnes of styrene were produced in 2010, increasing to around 35 million tonnes by 2018.
Eyring equation
The Eyring equation (occasionally also known as Eyring–Polanyi equation) is an equation used in chemical kinetics to describe changes in the rate of a chemical reaction against temperature. It was developed almost simultaneously in 1935 by Henry Eyring, Meredith Gwynne Evans and Michael Polanyi. The equation follows from the transition state theory, also known as activated-complex theory. If one assumes a constant enthalpy of activation and constant entropy of activation, the Eyring equation is similar to the Arrhenius equation, despite the Arrhenius equation being phenomenological and the Eyring equation based on statistical mechanical justification.

Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant (kB or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the molar gas constant, in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula, and is used in calculating thermal noise in resistors. The Boltzmann constant has dimensions of energy divided by temperature, the same as entropy and heat capacity. It is named after the Austrian scientist Ludwig Boltzmann.

As part of the 2019 revision of the SI, the Boltzmann constant is one of the seven "defining constants" that have been defined so as to have exact finite decimal values in SI units. They are used in various combinations to define the seven SI base units. The Boltzmann constant is defined to be exactly 1.380649×10−23 joules per kelvin, with the effect of defining the SI unit kelvin.
Betsy Palmer
Betsy Palmer (born Patricia Betsy Hrunek; November 1, 1926 – May 29, 2015) was an American actress known for her many film and Broadway roles, television guest-starring appearances, as a panelist on the game show I've Got a Secret, and later for playing Pamela Voorhees, the antagonist and mother of Jason Voorhees, in the first Friday the 13th film (1980).

Studio One (American TV series)
Studio One is an American anthology drama television series that was adapted from a radio series. It was created in 1947 by Canadian director Fletcher Markle, who came to CBS from the CBC. It premiered on November 7, 1948, and ended on September 29, 1958, with a total of 467 episodes over the course of 10 seasons.
Jesco von Puttkamer
Jesco Hans Heinrich Max Freiherr von Puttkamer (22 September  1933 – 27 December  2012) was a German-American aerospace engineer, senior manager at NASA, and a pulp science fiction writer.

He was an advocate of human space exploration, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). While at NASA, he served as the program manager in charge of long-range planning of deep space crewed activities (flights beyond Earth orbit). He was regarded as an expert on the Russian space program.

Puttkamer assisted with daily on-orbit operations at NASA from 2009 until 2012.

He was given the nickname Jessie by DeForest Kelley, whom Puttkammer called Dee.: xxiv

He died of a sudden flu-like illness on 27 December 2012.

DeForest Kelley
Jackson DeForest Kelley (January 20, 1920 – June 11, 1999) was an American actor, screenwriter, poet, and singer. He was known for his roles in film and television Westerns and achieved international fame as Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy of the USS Enterprise in the television and film series Star Trek (1966–1991).
Olesia Zhurakivska
Olesia Viktorovna Zhurakivska (Ukrainian: Олеся Вікторівна Жураківська, born 13 August 1973 in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian film and theatre actress, best known for her roles in the Ukrainian television series Papik and Krіposna. She was invested with the Order of Princess Olga in 2021.

Order of Princess Olga
The Order of Princess Olga (Ukrainian: Орден княгині Ольги, romanized: Orden kniahyni Olhy) is a Ukrainian civil decoration, featuring Olga of Kyiv and bestowed to women for "personal merits in state, production, scientific, educational, cultural, charity and other spheres of social activities, for upbringing children in families". It was established by Presidential Decree No. 827/97 of 15 August 1997 and has three grades (classes), the first being the highest. The 1st grade medal is adorned with four rectangular amethysts and features a gilded ornament with silver parts. The two other grades also feature precious stones.

Both Ukrainian citizens and foreigners are eligible for the order. The order can be rescinded by the President of Ukraine if a bearer is convicted of a serious crime.

In 2020, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine established own "Order of Saint Equal-to-Apostle Princess Olga".
Szybowice
Szybowice [ʂɨbɔˈvit͡sɛ] (German: Schnellewalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.

Prudnik County
Prudnik County (Polish: powiat prudnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland, on the Czech border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Prudnik, which lies 46 kilometres (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole. The county also contains the towns of Głogówek, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Prudnik, and Biała, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Prudnik.

The county covers an area of 571.16 square kilometres (220.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 55,325, out of which the population of Prudnik is 21,041, that of Głogówek is 5,592, that of Biała is 2,426, and the rural population is 26,266.
Neilson–Terry Guild of Dramatic Art
The Neilson–Terry Guild of Dramatic Art was a drama school at 17 Cavendish Square in London. In the 1930s it was run by the actress and playwright, Louise Regnis. Students included playwright Elizabeth FitzRoy, Kirsten Forssmann, Mary Joan (Mollie) Hammond, and Marjorie Johnstone. During World War II most of the school went to Bath, and the company was finally shut down in 1948.

Drama school
Drama school, acting school, and theatre school is an undergraduate and/or graduate school or department at a college or university, or a free-standing institution (such as the drama section at the Juilliard School) that specializes in the pre-professional training in drama and "theatre" arts, such as acting, design and technical theatre, arts administration, and related subjects. If the drama school is part of a degree-granting institution, undergraduates typically take an associate degree, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts, or, occasionally, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Design. Graduate students may take a Master of Arts, Master of Acting, Master of Science, Master of Fine Arts, Doctor of Arts, Doctor of Fine Arts, or Doctor of Philosophy degree.
Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten
Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten (born 16 September 1860 – 7 August 1934) was a colonel general of the Austrian Imperial Army. He gained particular fame during World War I by his defence from September 1914 to March 1915 of the fortress of Przemyśl against a Russian siege.

Colonel general
Colonel general is a military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and Generaloberst was a rank above full General, but below Generalfeldmarschall. The rank of colonel general is also used in the armed forces organized along the lines of the Soviet model, where it is comparable to that of a lieutenant general.
José Rueda
José Rueda (born 8 March 1900, date of death unknown) was a Brazilian footballer. He played in one match for the Brazil national football team in 1925. He was also part of Brazil's squad for the 1925 South American Championship.

1925 South American Championship
The ninth South American Championship was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 29 November to 25 December 1925.

In 1925, the participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Chile and Uruguay withdrew from the tournament, making this event the one with the fewest participating teams. The tournament was rescheduled to be held in two rounds.

Argentina won its second continental title.
Hydrometalation
Hydrometalation (hydrometallation) is a type of chemical reaction in organometallic chemistry in which a chemical compound with a hydrogen to metal bond (M-H, metal hydride) adds to compounds with an unsaturated bond like an alkene (RC=CR) forming a new compound with a carbon to metal bond (RHC-CRM). The metal is less electronegative than hydrogen, the reverse reaction is beta-hydride elimination. The reaction is structurally related to carbometalation. When the substrate is an alkyne the reaction product is a vinylorganometallic.

Examples are hydroboration, hydroalumination, hydrosilylation, hydrozirconation, and hydrocupration.

Hydrocupration
A hydrocupration is a chemical reaction whereby a ligated copper hydride species (Cu(I)H), reacts with a carbon-carbon or carbon-oxygen pi-system; this insertion is typically thought to occur via a four-membered ring transition state, producing a new copper-carbon or copper-oxygen sigma-bond and a stable (generally) carbon-hydrogen sigma-bond. In the latter instance (copper-oxygen), protonation (protodemetalation) is typical – the former (copper-carbon) has broad utility. The generated copper-carbon bond (organocuprate) has been employed in various nucleophilic additions to polar conjugated and non-conjugated systems and has also been used to forge (by way of reductive elimination or transmetalation) new carbon-heteroatom bonds (Nitrogen, Boron, etc.).