hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Henry Joof
Joseph Henry Joof (born 25 October 1960) is a Gambian lawyer, politician, and writer. He attended Keele University from 1981 to 1985. From 1998 to 2001, he served as president of the Gambia Bar Association, and later as Attorney General and Minister of Justice of the Gambia from 2001 to 2003.

Attorney General of the Gambia
The Attorney General of the Gambia is a cabinet-level position in the Gambia responsible for providing legal advice to the Gambian government and appearing on its behalf in the courts of the land. In recent years, the post has been held in conjunction with that of Minister of Justice, who is the head of the Ministry of Justice and responsible for legal affairs. The current Attorney General is Dawda A. Jallow.
Punishment of Offences Act 1837
The Punishment of Offences Act 1837 (7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. 91) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that abolished the death penalty for a number of statutory offences and replaced it with transportation for life.

The act was one of the Acts for the Mitigation of the Criminal Law (7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. cc. 84–91), which reduced the severity of punishments in the criminal justice system and abolished the death penalty for several offences.

Penal transportation
Penal transportation (or simply transportation) was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home.
Boban Mitev
Boban "Bobi" Mitev (Macedonian: Бобан "Боби" Митев; born 7 August 1972) is a Macedonian professional basketball coach, who most recently served as head coach for Sabah BC in the Azerbaijan Basketball League.

Azerbaijan Basketball League
The Azerbaijan Basketball League (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Basketbol Liqası) is the top men's professional basketball league in Azerbaijan. ABL consists of 12 teams. The league is governed by the Azerbaijan Basketball Federation.
Pia Skrzyszowska
Pia Skrzyszowska (born 20 April 2001) is a Polish athlete specialising in the sprint hurdles. She is a European Championships gold and bronze medallist and European Games gold medallist in the 100 metres hurdles, World Indoor Championships and European Indoor Championships bronze medallist in the 60 m hurdles, and World Relays and European Championships silver medallist in the 4 × 100 m relay.

Skrzyszowska is also a European U23 Championships gold medallist and European U20 Championships silver medallist in the 100 m hurdles. She is a three-time Polish national champion and holds the national record in the 60 m hurdles. Skrzyszowska is a two-time Olympian and competed at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics.

European Athletics U23 Championships
The European Athletics U23 Championships is a biennial athletics competition for European athletes under the age of 23, which is organized by the European Athletic Association. The oldest of the 'age-group' track and field events held by European Athletics – European Athletics U20 Championships (previously called 'Junior Championships') are held in the same odd numbered years, while the European Athletics U18 Championships, previously the 'Youth Championships' are held in even numbered years.

The event was first held in 1997 and was a replacement for the European Athletics U23 Cup – a biennial event which had "A" and "B" level leagues that was held in 1992 and 1994. Historically, the event has been held in North-Eastern Europe in Nordic, Baltic or central Europe.
Valke (rugby union)
The Valke, sometimes known known as the Falconscode: eng promoted to code: en , are a South African rugby union team in Gauteng province that participates in the annual Currie Cup tournament.

Their home ground is Barnard Stadium in Kempton Park, to which they have returned in 2009.  The Falcons have operated from Bosman Stadium in Brakpan and Pam Brink Stadium in Springs.  They occasionally still host matches at Bosman Stadium.  The Falcons draw players from Ekurhuleni and other municipalities to the east and south of Johannesburg.

City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseKurhuleni; Afrikaans: Ekurhuleni Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Ekurhuleni; Sotho: Masepala wa Toropohadi ya Ekurhuleni) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of the East Rand region of Gauteng, a large suburban region east of Johannesburg. Ekurhuleni means "place of peace" in XiTsonga. Ekurhuleni is one of the five districts of Gauteng and one of the eight metropolitan municipalities of South Africa. The seat of Ekurhuleni is Germiston and the most spoken language is Zulu at 28.6%. The city is home to South Africa's busiest airport, OR Tambo International Airport, which is in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni.
Corydiidae
Corydiidae, previously known as Polyphagidae, is a family of the order Blattodea (cockroaches). Many are known as sand cockroaches. The family is divided into five subfamilies, comprising some 40 genera. One prominent species is the desert cockroach, Arenivaga investigata.

Karabastau Formation
The Karabastau Formation (Kazakh: Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that has been studied since the early 20th century, alongside the rarer remains of vertebrates, including pterosaurs, salamanders, lizards and crocodiles.
D. Peter Forbes
Donald Peter Forbes (born October 3, 1940) is an electrical engineer, lawyer and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Fredericton North in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative member.

He was born in Edmundston, New Brunswick, the son of Donald Forbes and Patricia Clarke, and was educated in Scotland, England and the University of New Brunswick, where he first studied electrical engineering and later returned for his LLB. Forbes practiced law from 1974 until 1988. He then established a company which provided computer services and another which developed geographic information systems. In 1997, he resumed the practice of law. His life partner is Deborah Johnston. Forbes ran unsuccessfully for reelection in 2003.

Significant other
The term significant other (SO) has different uses in psychology and colloquial language. Colloquially, "significant other" is used as a gender-neutral term for a person's partner in an intimate relationship without disclosing or presuming anything about marital status, relationship status, gender identity, or sexual orientation. Synonyms with similar properties include sweetheart, other half, better half, spouse, domestic partner, lover, paramour, soulmate, and life partner.
Klubivtsi
Klubivtsi (Ukrainian: Клубі́вці; Polish: Kłubowce) is a village in the Tysmenytsia urban hromada of the Ivano-Frankivsk Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in Ukraine. After the liquidation of the Tysmenytsia Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.

Tysmenytsia Raion
Tysmenytsia Raion (Ukrainian: Тисменицький район, romanized: Tysmenyc'kyj rajon) was an administrative raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. It was created on 8 December 1966, as Ivano-Frankivsk Raion. Since 28 March 1982 the name of raion was changed to Tysmenytsia when the administrative center of it became the city of Tysmenytsia. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Oblast to six. The area of Tysmenytsia Raion was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 81,796 (2020 est.).
Vernaccia
Vernaccia is a white wine grape that is found in many Italian wines but is most commonly associated the Tuscan wine Vernaccia di San Gimignano. Ampelographers have determined that the Vernaccia vine has many clonal varieties but is unrelated to some Italian vines known as "Vernaccia" such as the Sardinian varieties used in the Sherry-like wine Vernaccia di Oristano, the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol red wine grape known as Vernatsch or the black grape used in the red sparkling wine of the Marche Vernaccia di Serrapetrona. A possible reason for this is that the root of the name Vernaccia translates to different Italian vernaculars and other languages (such as German and Sardinian) and can apply to any local grape.

Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige than standard language, which is more codified, institutionally promoted, literary, or formal. More narrowly, any particular variety of a natural language that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc.
Mulkaji
Mulkaji (Nepali: मूलकाजी) was the position of head of executive of Kingdom of Nepal in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was equivalent to Prime Minister of Nepal. There were 8 Mulkajis appointed between 1785 and 1804.

Prime Minister of Nepal
The prime minister of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री, romanized: Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī) is the head of government of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The prime minister leads the Council of Ministers and holds the chief executive authority in the country. The prime minister must command majority support and maintain the confidence of the Pratinidhi Sabha to remain in office. If the prime minister loses this support, they are required to resign.

The official residence of the prime minister is located in Baluwatar, Kathmandu. The seat of the prime minister's office has been at Singha Darbar since Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana's reign (1901–1929).

The sitting prime minister ranks third in the order of precedence in Nepal.

Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned on September 9, 2025, following the Gen Z protests. During the interim, Sushila Karki has been serving as prime minister since September 12, 2025.
Candle (Sick and Tired)
"Candle (Sick and Tired)" is the debut single recorded by the American band the White Tie Affair, released in 2008. It is from their only album, Walk This Way. The video for the single has a guest appearance by the Glee star, Heather Morris, as well as cameos from the lonelygirl15 star Jessica Rose and the Good Charlotte guitarist Benji Madden.

Jessica Lee Rose
Jessica Lee Rose (born April 26, 1987) is an American-New Zealand actress who first gained popularity after playing the role of lonelygirl15, a fictional teenage homeschooled character named Bree who appeared in YouTube video blogs, beginning in June 2006. In September 2006, the Los Angeles Times outed the character, destroying any mystery surrounding the possible fictionality of lonelygirl15, which thrust Rose into the mainstream spotlight while also increasing the viewership of the series. In 2007, Rose won a Webby for this role.

After leaving lonelygirl15 in August 2007, Rose played "Jen K." on ABC Family's Greek. She went on to appear in various movies, such as Perfect Sport and SyFy's Ghost Town, and other web series, such as Hooking Up and Sorority Forever. She signed on to do the independent movie Look at Me with her Lonelygirl15 co-star Yousef Abu Taleb in March 2010.
Mahendrasinh Vaghela
Mahendrasinh Shankarsinh Vaghela is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He was elected to the 12th Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Bayad in the 2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Indian National Congress (INC). He is a son of former Gujarat chief minister Shankarsinh Vaghela.

2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
The 2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of Gujarat in December 2012 for all 182 members of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly. Incumbent Chief Minister Narendra Modi of Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP), in power since 2002, was running for his fourth term. The leader of the opposition was Shaktisinh Gohil of the Indian National Congress (INC).

Elections were held in two phases, the first on 13 December and the second on 17 December 2012. Total voting turnout of both phases was 71.32%, highest since 1980. Results were declared on 20 December 2012.

The BJP, led by Narendra Modi, won 115 seats out of total 182 seats and formed the government while INC won 61 seats. BJP has been in the power in Gujarat since 1995.
Flathead sole
The flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on soft, silty or muddy bottoms at depths of up to 1,050 metres (3,440 ft). Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, from the seas of Japan and Okhotsk, across the Bering Sea and to the coast of North America, as far south as Point Reyes, United States. It grows to 52 centimetres (20 in) in length, and can weigh up to 1.56 kilograms (3.4 lb); females are typically larger than males. Lifespan is at least 27 years for females and at least 30 years for males.

Point Reyes
Point Reyes (/ˈreɪz/ RAYZ, Spanish: [ˈreʝes]; Spanish: Punta de los Reyes, lit. 'Cape of the Kings') is a prominent landform and popular tourist attraction on the Pacific coast of Marin County in Northern California. It is about 30 miles (50 km) west-northwest of San Francisco. The term is often applied to the Point Reyes Peninsula, the region bounded by Tomales Bay on the northeast and Bolinas Lagoon on the southeast. The majority of the peninsula as well as the headlands are protected as part of Point Reyes National Seashore.
Radical 178
Radical 178 or radical tanned leather (韋部) meaning "tanned leather" is one of the 11 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 9 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 100 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

韦, the simplified form of 韋, is the 63rd indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, while the traditional form 韋 is listed as its associated indexing component.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Ravin Caldwell
Ravin V. Caldwell Jr.  (born August 4, 1963 in Port Arthur, Texas) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins from 1987 to 1992, playing on the teams that won the Super Bowl following the 1987 and 1991 seasons.  He played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks and was selected in the fifth round of the 1986 NFL draft.

Caldwell is married to DeAnna Parson Caldwell (June 25, 2000). Together they have two children, a son Ashton Caldwell, born December 4, 1989, and a daughter, Ravyn Caldwell, born August 24, 2001. He also has a daughter from his relationship with former actress Teal Marchande, Talia Caldwell, who played college basketball at the University of California, Berkeley. Caldwell resides in Ashburn, Virginia.

Ashburn, Virginia
Ashburn is an unincorporated settlement and census-designated place (CDP) in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. At the 2020 United States census, its population was 46,349, up from 3,393 in 1990. It is 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Washington, D.C., and part of the Washington metropolitan area. Ashburn is a major hub for Internet traffic due to its many data centers.
Dhavali
Dhavali is a panchayat village in the state of Maharashtra, India. Administratively, Dhavali is in Walwa Taluka, in the Sangli District of Maharashtra. Dhavali is the only village in its gram panchayat.  The village of Dhavali is 23 km by road south of the city of Uran Islampur and 9 km by road west of the city of Ashta. In 2011, the population was 2258 persons, consisting of 1176 males and 1082 females in 477 families. The literacy rate is 88.15%

Walwa, Sangli
Walwa is a taluka in Sangli district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is also known as Walwa-Islampur Taluka. There are ninety-five panchayat villages in Walwa Taluka.

It is 205 km from Pune and 351 km from Mumbai. Before independence, Walwa was known for its Prati Sarkar movement, particularly for Kranti singh Nana Patil, Vinayakrao Thorat, 'Rajarambapu Patil' Hutatma Kisan Ahir , 'Lalasaheb Patil' and Nagnath Nayakwadi.

The Krishna River passes through the taluka. The major crops produced in the taluka are sugarcane and grapes. The major occupations are Agriculture and Animal Husbandry.
Tortuga (vehicle)
The Tortuga (Spanish for Turtle) was an armored vehicle designed and built in Venezuela in 1934, during the rule of Juan Vicente Gómez. It was assembled at the Puerto Cabello shipyard by Engineer Tomás Pacanins. First displayed at a military parade in the city of Maracay, the vehicle's existence was meant to send a clear message to neighboring Colombia - which had created several border and political incidents since its victory over Peru in the Leticia Incident - as was the whole parade. On December 23, 1934, the Tortuga was first revealed to the public, in conjunction with two Italian Ansaldo CV 33 infantry tanks.

Colombia–Peru War
The Colombia–Peru War, also called the Leticia War, was a short-lived armed conflict between Colombia and Peru over territory in the Amazon rainforest that lasted from September 1, 1932, to May 24, 1933. In the end, an agreement was reached to divide the disputed area between both countries.

The conflict was rooted in the Boundary Treaty of March 24, 1922, which transferred the Leticia district to Colombia, giving Colombia access to the Amazon river. The district was mostly inhabited by Peruvians, which fueled grievances among Peruvians and led them to seek to modify the treaty.
The Unwritten Law (1932 film)
The Unwritten Law is a 1932 American pre-Code mystery film directed by Christy Cabanne and starring Greta Nissen, Richard "Skeets" Gallagher, and Mary Brian. It was distributed by the independent Majestic Pictures.

Majestic Pictures
Majestic Pictures was an American film production and distribution company active during the 1930s. Under the control of Larry Darmour, the company specialized in low-budget productions and was one of the more stable Poverty Row outfits during the period. It also gained a reputation for producing higher quality films than was common amongst similar studios, possibly due to a business arrangement the company had with the major studio MGM.
Trumpeter finch
The trumpeter finch (Bucanetes githagineus) is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is mainly a desert species which is found in North Africa and Spain through to southern Asia. It has occurred as a vagrant in areas north of its breeding range.

Coriander
Coriander (/ˌkɒriˈændər, ˈkɒriændər/), or Coriandrum sativum, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. The leaves are known as cilantro (/sɪˈlæntroʊ, -ˈlɑːn-/) in the United States (but not in the United Kingdom).: 90  Most people perceive the leaves as having a fresh, slightly citrus taste. Due to variations in the gene OR6A2, some people perceive its flavor to be more soaplike or rotten.

The species is native to the Mediterranean Basin. All parts of the plant are edible, with the fresh leaves and dried seeds most traditionally used in cooking. It is included in Peruvian, Mexican, Indian and Southeast Asian cuisines.
Cut and Run (film)
Cut and Run (Italian: Inferno in diretta, lit. 'Hell Live') is a 1985 Italian exploitation adventure thriller film directed by Ruggero Deodato, co-written by Dardano Sacchetti, and starring Lisa Blount, Leonard Mann, Willie Aames, Richard Lynch, Michael Berryman, and Eriq La Salle in his film debut.

The film is the third part of Deodato's "Cannibal Trilogy" - preceded by Ultimo mondo cannibale (1977) and Cannibal Holocaust (1980), and follows a news reporter caught in a war between drug traffickers and a murderous cult in the Amazon jungle.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.
2016 Pakistan Cup
The 2016 Pakistan Cup was a five-team limited overs (one-day) cricket tournament that took place in Faisalabad, Punjab, from 19 April to 1 May 2016. It was contested by teams representing Pakistan's four provinces and the capital. Squads for the tournament were selected based on a draft system.

Sarfraz Ahmed, Shoaib Malik, Younis Khan, Azhar Ali and Misbah-Ul-Haq led the sides from Sindh, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and Islamabad. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa won the tournament after defeating Punjab in the final by 151 runs.

Sarfaraz Ahmed
Sarfaraz Ahmed (Urdu: سرفراز احمد; born 22 May 1987) is a Pakistani former international cricketer who played for the national team as a wicket-keeper batsman. He captained Pakistan across all three formats from 2016 to 2019, and under his captaincy the team won the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. He was also part of Pakistan's squad that won the 2012 Asia Cup. At the Under-19 level, Sarfaraz captained Pakistan to victory in the 2006 U19 Cricket World Cup.
Engine (Die Warzau album)
Engine is the third studio album by Die Warzau, released on February 28, 1995, by TVT and Wax Trax! Records. It was the band's first album in over two years and upon release was considered a masterpiece of industrial music.

Wax Trax! Records
Wax Trax! Records is an American independent record label based in Chicago.  The label was purchased by TVT Records in 1992 and was discontinued in 2001. In 2014, it was re-established by Julia Nash, daughter of co-founder Jim Nash. On February 6, 2025 the Commission on Chicago Landmarks unanimously voted to declare the old Chicago storefront a landmark.

Richard Giraldi of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "As important as Chess Records was to blues and soul music, Chicago's Wax Trax imprint was just as significant to the punk rock, new wave and industrial genres."  According to critic Greg Kot, the legacy of Wax Trax is trusting the artist.