hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indium(II) selenide
Indium(II) selenide (InSe) is an inorganic compound composed of indium and selenium. It is a III-VI layered semiconductor. The solid has a structure consisting of two-dimensional layers bonded together only by van der Waals forces. Each layer has the atoms in the order Se-In-In-Se.

Potential applications are for field effect transistors, optoelectronics, photovoltaic, non-linear optics, strain gauges, and methanol gas sensors.

Strain gauge
A strain gauge (also spelled strain gage) is a device used to measure strain on an object. Invented by Edward E. Simmons and Arthur C. Ruge in 1938, the most common type of strain gauge consists of an insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil pattern. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable adhesive, such as cyanoacrylate.  Proper adhesion is critical, as any air gaps or flexibility in the bonding layer will introduce measurement errors known as creep or hysteresis. As the object is deformed, the foil is deformed, causing its electrical resistance to change. This resistance change, usually measured using a Wheatstone bridge, is related to the strain by the quantity known as the gauge factor.
Nematosome
Nematosomes are multicellular motile bodies found in the gastrovascular cavity of the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis starlet sea anemone. First described by Stephenson in 1935, nematosomes are the defining apomorphy (synapomorphy) of the genus Nematostella but have received relatively little study. Nematosomes can be observed circulating through the body cavity and tentacle lumen of adult anemones, occasionally coming to rest on the gastrodermis. Nematosomes that are dislodged from rest return to circulation. The lifespan of a single nematosome has not been studied.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
John Meyrick (politician)
John Meyrick (1674 – c. 1735) was a Welsh politician and judge.

A member of an established Pembrokeshire family, he represented the parliamentary constituencies of Pembroke between 1702 and 1708, and Cardigan between 1710 and 1712.  He was later puisne judge of the Anglesey circuit (1712–1714).

Pembroke (UK Parliament constituency)
Pembroke (or Pembroke Boroughs) was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Pembroke in West Wales.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, Great Britain until 1800 and from 1801 the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.
Yoshito Shintani
Yoshito Shintani (新谷 義人, Shintani Yoshito; born December 7, 1981 in Fukui Prefecture) is a Japanese weightlifter. Shintani represented Japan at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's lightweight category (69 kg). Shintani placed tenth in this event, as he successfully lifted 135 kg in the single-motion snatch, and hoisted 175 kg in the two-part, shoulder-to-overhead clean and jerk, for a total of 310 kg.

Clean and jerk
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk, the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.

Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is included in Olympic weightlifting events. Clean and jerk is most commonly performed with a squat clean and a split jerk.
1854 in birding and ornithology
Orders Gruiformes and Ciconiiformes established.

Adolphe Delattre and Johann Friedrich Naumann die in this year.

Italian bird collector Matteo Botteri travels to Mexico.

Réunion ibis described by Edmond de Sélys Longchamps.Other birds described in 1854 include fire-capped tit, thick-billed spiderhunter, cinnamon woodpecker, brown-breasted barbet, black-streaked puffbird, Hornby's storm petrel.

Edgar Leopold Layard travels to Cape Colony.

Jean-Baptiste Bailly publishes Ornithologie de la Savoie.

Ongoing events

John Gould The birds of Australia; Supplement 1851–69. 1 vol. 81 plates; Artists: J. Gould and H. C. Richter; Lithographer: H. C. Richter

John Gould The birds of Asia; 1850-83 7 vols. 530 plates, Artists: J. Gould, H. C. Richter, W. Hart and J. Wolf; Lithographers:H. C. Richter and W. Hart

Thick-billed spiderhunter
The thick-billed spiderhunter (Arachnothera crassirostris) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae.
It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Jan Sindewint
Jan Sindewint, Latinized Joannes de Dunis (died 1319) was a monk of the Cistercian Abbey of Dunes in the County of Flanders, and from 1311 a professor of theology at the Collège Saint-Bernard in the University of Paris. In 1311 he acquired the use of the books of the recently deceased Jan van He, a monk of Ter Doest Abbey who had taught theology at the Collège de Sorbonne from 1303 to 1306.

College of Sorbonne
The College of Sorbonne (French: Collège de Sorbonne) was a theological college of the University of Paris, founded in 1253 (confirmed in 1257) by Robert de Sorbon (1201–1274), after whom it was named.

The Sorbonne was disestablished by decree of 5 April 1792, after the French Revolution, along with the other Paris colleges. It was restored in 1808, then closed finally in 1882.
Himalayan Adventure Challenge
Himalayan Adventure Challenge is an adventure race held every year in India. It is considered an extreme sport because it is held on slopes of Himalayas range. Its a triathlon race which includes rafting, hiking  and mountain biking. It is an elite Obstacle course racing similar to Spartan Race which is considered toughest obstacle course race.

Extreme sport
Action sports, adventure sports or extreme sports are activities perceived as involving a high degree of risk of injury or death. These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion and highly specialized gear. Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the same main attraction, "adrenaline rush" caused by an element of risk, and differ mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism.
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen II Cabinet
After the 1994 Danish parliamentary election, the sitting Danish Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen was able to form a government coalition of his own Social Democrats, the Danish Social Liberal Party and the Centre Democrats. The resulting cabinet, which replaced the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen I, was formed on 27 September 1994 and was called the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen II.

The cabinet was replaced by the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen III on 30 December 1996, after the Centre Democrats left the government coalition in protest against the government negotiating the Budget of 1997 with the Socialist People's Party and the Unity List.

Danish Social Liberal Party
The Danish Social Liberal Party (Danish: Radikale Venstre, RV, lit. 'Radical Left') is a social-liberal political party in Denmark. The party was founded as a split from the Venstre Reform Party in 1905.

Historically, the centrist to centre-left party has played a central role in Danish politics and has supported governments on both sides of the political spectrum, as co-operation is a primary belief of the party. A pro-European party, it is a member of Liberal International and the ALDE, and has one MEP in the Renew Europe group in the European Parliament.
Craig Leonard
Craig Leonard is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in the 2010 provincial election. He represented the electoral district of Fredericton-Lincoln as a member of the Progressive Conservatives until the 2014 provincial election, when he was defeated by David Coon in the redistributed riding of Fredericton South.

Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick
The Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick is a centre-right conservative political party in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The party has its origins in the pre-Canadian Confederation Conservative Party that opposed the granting of responsible government to the colony. It has historically followed the Red Tory tradition. From the 2010s, the party underwent a shift to Blue Toryism after the election of Blaine Higgs as leader, who was premier from 2018 to 2024.
Blank Marquee
"Blank Marquee" is a song by Malaysian singer Yuna featuring American rapper G-Eazy, released as a second single for her fourth international studio album (her seventh overall), Rouge. It is co-written by Yuna, Chloe Angelides, Robin Hannibal and G-Eazy, with Hannibal serves as the producer. The song was released on 16 May 2019 by Verve Music Group.

Amerul Affendi
Mohd Amerul Affendi bin Mohd Mawardi (born 7 October 1986) is a Malaysian actor. He is best known for his acting roles in television and film. For his role as Toyu in the film Terbaik dari Langit (2014), he won the Best Supporting Actor award at the 27th Malaysian Film Festival in 2015.
Rio Shirai
Rio Shirai (白井 璃緒, Shirai Rio; born 10 September 1999) is a Japanese swimmer. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2018 Asian Games, winning the gold medal.

As a 14-year-old at the 2014 Junior Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Hawaii, United States, Shirai won the gold medal in the 200 metre backstroke with a 2:11.67, the bronze medal in the 100 metre backstroke with a 1:01.82, and a silver medal in the 4×100 metre medley relay with a final relay time of 4:04.11. The following edition, the 2016 Junior Pan Pacific Swimming Championships also held in Hawaii, United States, she won a bronze medal in the 4×200 metre freestyle relay, splitting a 1:59.88 for the fourth leg of the relay to help achieve a final time of 8:08.12.

2014 Junior Pan Pacific Swimming Championships
The 2014 Junior Pan Pacific Swimming Championships were held from 27 to 31 August 2014 in Maui, Hawaii, United States. Pool competition was conducted in a long course (50 metre) pool at Kihei Aquatic Center in Kihei, Hawaii and the open water marathons were contested at Ulua Beach in Wailea, Hawaii.

Medalists were determined based on results in the A-final with finals conducted in an A-final and B-final format. This marked a change in nomenclature from the 2012 edition where the medalists were determined from the Championship final and the second final was termed the Consolation final.
Barbara M. Clark
Barbara M. Clark (June 12, 1939 – February 22, 2016) represented New York State Assembly District 33, which comprises Bellerose, Cambria Heights, Hollis and St. Albans, among other neighborhoods located in Queens County, New York.

St. Albans, Queens
St. Albans is a residential neighborhood in the southeastern portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It is bordered by Jamaica to the northwest, Hollis to the north, Queens Village to the northeast, Cambria Heights to the east, Laurelton to the southeast, Springfield Gardens to the south, and South Jamaica to the southwest. St. Albans is centered on the intersection of Linden Boulevard and Farmers Boulevard, about two miles north of John F. Kennedy International Airport.

The small western enclave of Addisleigh Park is a U.S. historic district where many notable African Americans have lived, including Jackie Robinson, W. E. B. Du Bois, Lena Horne, and many jazz musicians such as Fats Waller, Ella Fitzgerald and Count Basie.

St. Albans is located in Queens Community District 12 and its ZIP Code is 11412. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 113th Precinct. Politically, St. Albans is represented by the New York City Council's 27th and 28th Districts.
Semecarpus anacardium
Semecarpus anacardium, commonly known as the marking nut tree, Malacca bean tree, marany nut, oriental cashew, dhobi nut tree and varnish tree, is a native of India, found in the outer Himalayas to the Coromandel Coast. It is closely related to the cashew.

Coromandel Coast
13°22′00″N 80°20′00″E﻿ / ﻿13.3667°N 80.3333°E﻿ / 13.3667; 80.3333

The Coromandel Coast is a coastal region along the southeastern front of the Indian peninsula. Its delimitations are numerous, but generally admitted to be bounded by the Krishna river mouth to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Point Calimere cape to the south, and the Eastern Ghats to the west. Some may define its northern boundaries up to Ganjam. This region can be extending over an area of about 22,800 square kilometres. The coast has an average elevation of 80 metres and is backed by the Eastern Ghats, a chain of low lying and flat-topped hills.

The land of the Chola dynasty was called Cholamandalam in Tamil, literally translated as "the realm of the Cholas", from which Coromandel is derived.

In historical Muslim sources from the 12th century onward, the Coromandel Coast was notably called as Maʿbar Coast.
Epidendrum subg. Amphiglottium
Epidendrum subg. Amphiglottium (Salisb.) Lindl. 1841 is a subgenus of reed-stemmed Epidendrums, distinguished by an apical inflorescence with the peduncle covered from its base with close imbricating sheaths and by a lip that is adnate to the column to its apex.

Reichenbach published three sections in this subgenus:

E. sect. Polycladia with truly paniculate inflorescences

E. sect. Holochila with racemose inflorescences and an undivided lip

E. sect. Schistochila with racemose inflorescences and a lobate lip

Richard Anthony Salisbury
Richard Anthony Salisbury FRS (born Richard Anthony Markham; 2 May 1761 – 23 March 1829) was a British botanist. While he carried out valuable work in horticultural and botanical sciences, several bitter disputes caused him to be ostracised by his contemporaries.
Ashi garami
Ashi garami (足緘) is a joint lock in judo that targets an opponent's leg.  It is one of the official 29 grappling techniques of Kodokan Judo.  It is one of the nine joint techniques of the Kansetsu-waza list, one of the three grappling lists in Judo's Katame-waza enumerating 29 grappling techniques. Ashi garami is one of the four forbidden techniques, Kinshi-waza.This technique is also often utilized in modern Bjj in both gi and nogi grappling.

Grappling hold
A grappling hold, commonly referred to simply as a hold that in Japanese is referred to as katame-waza (固め技 "grappling technique"), is any specific grappling, wrestling, judo, or other martial art grip that is applied to an opponent. Grappling holds are used principally to control the opponent and to advance in points or positioning. The holds may be categorized by their function, such as clinching, pinning, or submission, while others can be classified by their anatomical effect: chokehold, headlock, joint-lock, or compression lock. Multiple categories may be appropriate for some of these holds.
Yoel Dov-Ber Perski
Yoel Dov-Ber Perski (Hebrew: יואל דוב־בער בן מאיר הכהן פערסקי; 1816 – 17 November 1871), also known as Yoel Ber Kohen (Hebrew: יואל בער כהן), was a Hebrew writer and translator.

His publications include Kevod Melakhim (Königsberg and Vilna, 1851–53), a translation of François Fénelon's Les aventures de Télémaque, fils d'Ulysse, and Ḥayyei Asaf (Warsaw, 1858), a translation of Aesop's Fables, along with a biography of their author. He also wrote Sefer Neveh Tehilah (1846), a Passover Haggadah with commentary; Heikhal Ra'anan and Shemen Ra'anan (Vilna, 1863), commentaries on the Yalkut Shimoni; and Battei Kehunnah, a commentary on Bereshit Rabba and Shemot Rabba.

Genesis Rabbah
Genesis Rabbah (Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה, romanized: Bərēšīṯ Rabbā, also known as Bereshit Rabbah and abbreviated as GenR) is a religious text from Judaism's classical period, probably written between 300 and 500 CE with some later additions. It is an expository midrash comprising a collection of ancient rabbinical homiletical interpretations of the Book of Genesis, the first book of the Torah. Jewish tradition attributes its authorship to Hoshaiah Rabbah in the period of the Amoraim, flourishing in 3rd century Roman-ruled Syria Palaestina, but modern scholarship on its authorship remains inconclusive. The midrash forms an aggadic commentary on Genesis, in keeping with the midrashic exegesis of that age.  In a continuous sequence, broken only toward the end, the biblical text is expounded, verse for verse, often word for word. Only genealogic passages and passages that furnish no material for exposition (as the reiterated account of Abraham's servant in 24:35-48) are omitted.
SOCOM II U.S. Navy SEALs
SOCOM II U.S. Navy SEALs is a tactical third-person shooter video game developed by Zipper Interactive and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It is the sequel to SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs.

The online servers for this game, along with other PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable SOCOM titles, were shut down on August 31, 2012.

Zipper Interactive
Zipper Interactive was an American video game developer based in Redmond, Washington and part of SCE Worldwide Studios. It was founded in June 1995 by Jim Bosler and Brian Soderberg. It is best known for developing the SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs series of games. SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs was created in collaboration with the Naval Special Warfare Command and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. On January 25, 2006, Sony announced that it had acquired Zipper Interactive to add it to its group of development studios.
Miroshnykov
Miroshnykov or Miroshnikov  is a surname of Ukrainian origin. It is a patronymic surname literally meaning "son of miller (miroshnyk)". Notable people with the surname include:

Daniil MiroshnikovBelarusian professional footballer

Mikhail Miroshnikov (1926–2020), Russian physicist

Oleksandr Miroshnikov, Ukrainian artist, stone-carver and jeweler

Oleksandr Miroshnikov
Oleksandr Miroshnikov (born 6 August 1962) is a Ukrainian artist, stone-carver and jeweler. He is an honored Master of Folk Art of Ukraine, a stone-carving artist, a member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine and an honorary citizen of Mykolaiv in the Lviv region.
Charlotte's Web (Pretty Little Liars)
"Charlotte's Web" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season and the 132nd episode overall of the Freeform mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars. The episode was broadcast on 19 January 2016. It was written by Jonell Lennon and Lijah J. Barasz and directed by Joanna Kerns.

Tyler Blackburn
Tyler Jordon Blackburn (born October 12, 1986) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for playing Caleb Rivers on the hit Freeform series Pretty Little Liars and its spin-off, Ravenswood. He most recently starred as Alex Manes in The CW series Roswell, New Mexico (2019–2022).
Lings Wood Nature Reserve
Lings Wood is a 20.1 hectare Local Nature Reserve in eastern Northampton. It is owned by Northampton Borough Council and managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

Frogs, newts, damselflies and dragonflies breed in this nature reserve, which has woodland, ponds, scrub and grassland. There are plantations of sweet chestnut and douglas fir, but in some areas native woodland is regenerating naturally.

There is access from Lings Way.

Northampton Borough Council
Northampton Borough Council was the local authority for Northampton in Northamptonshire, England. Northampton had a council from medieval times, which was reformed on numerous occasions. From 1974 until its abolition in 2021, the council was a non-metropolitan district council. The council was based at Northampton Guildhall. In 2021 the council was abolished and succeeded by West Northamptonshire Council, a unitary authority, and Northampton Town Council, a parish council.
Mouse mammary tumor virus
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a milk-transmitted retrovirus like the HTL viruses, HI viruses, and BLV. It belongs to the genus Betaretrovirus. MMTV was formerly known as Bittner virus, and previously the "milk factor", referring to the extra-chromosomal vertical transmission of murine breast cancer by adoptive nursing, demonstrated in 1936, by John Joseph Bittner while working at the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine. Bittner established the theory that a cancerous agent, or "milk factor", could be transmitted by cancerous mothers to young mice from a virus in their mother's milk. The majority of mammary tumors in mice are caused by mouse mammary tumor virus.

Murinae
The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families except the Cricetidae and Muridae, and is larger than all mammal orders except the bats and the remainder of the rodents.
Bev Sage
Bev Sage is a British artist and singer/songwriter. Sage and Steve Fairnie were the 1980s electronic pop-duo the Techno Twins (also known as The Technos). Sage had UK chart success with "Falling in Love Again" and was a featured artist on the Modern Romance song "Queen of the Rapping Scene (Nothing Ever Goes the Way You Plan)", which reached #37 in the UK Singles Chart and which she performed on Top of the Pops. Sage's vocals were also recorded for Monty Python's film The Meaning of Life, and she has been featured in numerous other music of other music and arts projects.

Sage's work as an art director has led her to styling live shows such as The Blues Brothers and directing fashion shows at numerous venues, including the Saatchi Gallery London and the "Recycled Fashion Show" for Cancer Research UK, London. Sage has worked in television, presenting, directing and producing arts shows for the BBC and ITV.

Modern Romance (band)
Modern Romance is a British pop music band that found popularity in the early 1980s. Formed in 1980 by previous members of an earlier group, the Leyton Buzzards, the band achieved a string of UK chart hits before the original group broke up in 1985. Andy Kyriacou reformed the band in 1999 who continue to perform the group's music.