hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hans Wolter
Hans Wolter (11 May 1911 in Dramburg – 17 August 1978 in Marburg) was a German physicist who designed an aplanatic system of grazing incidence mirrors that satisfied the Abbe sine condition (i.e. free of both spherical aberration and coma).
Wolter showed such a system could be produced using a combination of a paraboloid with either a hyperboloid or ellipsoid secondary. The three simplest designs are outlined and are known as Wolter telescopes of types I, II and III.

Spherical aberration
In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly affects lenses and curved mirrors, as these components are often shaped in a spherical manner for ease of manufacturing. Light rays that strike a spherical surface off-centre are refracted or reflected more or less than those that strike close to the centre. This deviation reduces the quality of images produced by optical systems. The effect of spherical aberration was first identified in the 11th century by Ibn al-Haytham who discussed it in his work Kitāb al-Manāẓir.
Van Thielen
van Thielen or Vanthielen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francesca Vanthielen (born 1972), Belgian actress, television presenter and economist

Jan Philip van Thielen (1618–1667), Flemish Baroque painter

Maria Theresa van Thielen (1640–1706), Flemish Baroque painter, daughter of Jan

Jan Philip van Thielen
Jan Philip van Thielen or Jan Philips van Thielen (1618 in Mechelen – 1667 in Booischot) was a Flemish painter who specialized in flower pieces and garland paintings.  He was a regular collaborator with leading Flemish and Dutch figure painters of his time.  Van Thielen was the most popular flower painter in Flanders and his patrons included Diego Felipez de Guzmán, 1st Marquis of Leganés and Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, the art-loving governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
HMS Cressy
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Cressy, after the Battle of Crécy.

HMS Cressy (1810) was a 74-gun third rate launched in 1810 and broken up in 1832.

HMS Cressy (1853) was an 80-gun screw propelled third rate launched in 1853 and sold in 1867.

HMS Cressy (1899) was a Cressy-class armoured cruiser launched in 1899 and sunk by a U-boat in 1914.

HMS Cressy was the name given to the 46-gun fifth rate HMS Unicorn between 1941 and 1959 while she was serving as a drill ship for the Royal Naval Reserve. She was handed over for preservation in 1968.

Cressy-class cruiser
The Cressy-class cruiser was a class of six armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy around 1900. Their design's incorporation of a pair of 9.2-inch guns and armoured sides served to address criticism directed against the previous Diadem class — advances made possible by their 1,000 ton increase in displacement over their predecessors. The ships were notably stable, except for a susceptibility to pitching.
Kenneth G. Wilson (author)
Kenneth George Wilson (April 21, 1923 – March 11, 2003) was an American author, professor of English, and vice president at the University of Connecticut. His best-known work is The Columbia Guide to Standard American English, which was published in 1993.

Bartleby.com
Bartleby.com is an American electronic text archive, headquartered in Los Angeles (US) and named for Herman Melville's story "Bartleby, the Scrivener".  It is a commercial website operated by Barnes & Noble Education, though its repository of texts can still be accessed. The repository has four main categories: reference, verse, fiction, and nonfiction.
2025 China Open (tennis)
The 2025 China Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the 24th edition of the China Open for men and the 26th for women. The tournament was categorized as a WTA 1000 event on the 2025 WTA Tour and an ATP 500 event on the 2025 ATP Tour. Both the women's and the men's tournaments were held at the National Tennis Center in Beijing, from 24 September to 5 October and from 26 September to 2 October respectively.

Learner Tien
Learner Tien (born December 2, 2005) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 23 achieved on February 9, 2026, and a best doubles ranking of No. 343 reached on August 18, 2025. His best achievement is reaching a major quarterfinal at the 2026 Australian Open. He is currently the No. 3 American in men's singles.

Tien has won one ATP Tour singles title at the 2025 Moselle Open, as well as the 2025 Next Gen ATP Finals.
Keystone Subdivision
The Keystone Subdivision is a railroad line owned and operated by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The line runs from Cumberland, Maryland, west to McKeesport, Pennsylvania, (near Pittsburgh) along a former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) line. The line includes the well-known Sand Patch Grade over the Allegheny Mountains.

The east end of the Keystone Subdivision is at Viaduct Junction in Cumberland, where it meets the Cumberland Terminal Subdivision at the east end of the Cumberland Viaduct. The west end is at Sinns, on the west (left) side of the Youghiogheny River at Liberty, where it continues as the Pittsburgh Subdivision through Pittsburgh and on to West Pittsburg. The Keystone Subdivision also joins with the S&C Subdivision at Rockwood, Pennsylvania.

Amtrak's Floridian uses the Keystone Subdivision.

Liberty, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Liberty is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,355 at the 2020 census.

Liberty does not have its own post office. The zip code is 15133, and mail is addressed to the city of McKeesport. Liberty is part of the South Allegheny School District, along with Glassport, Lincoln, and Port Vue, and is home to the district's high school and early childhood center. Liberty was at one time part of Port Vue but gained its "liberty" from Port Vue in 1912, thus the origin of the name of the town.

Locals tend to refer to the town as "Liberty Borough" or "Liberty Boro," rather than just as "Liberty."
Jam Sessions
Jam Sessions is a guitar simulation software title and music game for the Nintendo DS that was originally based on the Japan-only title Sing & Play DS Guitar M-06 (Hiite Utaeru DS Guitar M-06) originally developed by Plato and released months earlier. It was later brought to North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, courtesy of Ubisoft.

I'm Gonna Miss Her (The Fishin' Song)
"I'm Gonna Miss Her (The Fishin' Song)" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in February 2002 as the third single from his album Part II.  The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart (then known as the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart) that year, becoming the third number-one hit of Paisley's career.  Paisley wrote this song with Frank Rogers, who also produced it.
Woodford cum Membris
Woodford cum Membris is a civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It includes the villages of Woodford Halse and Hinton and the hamlet of West Farndon. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 3,393.

Since local government changes in 2021 it is part of West Northamptonshire. Before 2021 and after the 1974 reorganisation of local government, the parish had been part of the Daventry District. Before that it was part of Daventry Rural District.

2019–2023 structural changes to local government in England
2009

2019–2023

2027–2028 (planned)

Structural changes to local government in England took place between 2019 and 2023. Some of these changes continue the trend of new unitary authorities being created from other types of local government districts, which was a policy of Communities Secretary Robert Jenrick from 2019.

Ceremonial counties have not seen any changes to their boundaries, as the Lieutenancies Act 1997 was amended to reflect the new local government areas that comprise them.
Near Myths
Near Myths was a British comic magazine published in Edinburgh during the late 1970s that only ran for five issues. The initial editor was Rob King and it was produced by Galaxy Media. Near Myths featured the first professionally published work of Grant Morrison, Graham Manley and Tony O'Donnell, and saw the start of Bryan Talbot's seminal graphic novel The Adventures of Luther Arkwright. Teenager Grant Morrison's contribution, Gideon Stargrave, later found his way into Morrison's Vertigo series The Invisibles.

The Invisibles
The Invisibles is a comic book series published by the Vertigo imprint of DC Comics from 1994 to 2000. It was created and scripted by Scottish writer Grant Morrison, and drawn by various artists throughout its publication.

The series loosely follows the doings of a single cell of The Invisible College, a secret organization battling against physical and psychic oppression using time travel, magic, meditation, and physical violence.

For most of the series, the team includes leader King Mob; Lord Fanny, a transgender Brazilian shaman; Boy, a former member of the NYPD; Ragged Robin, a telepath with a mysterious past; and Jack Frost, a young hooligan from Liverpool who may be the next Buddha. Their primary enemy are the Archons of the Outer Church, interdimensional alien gods who have already enslaved most of the human race without their knowledge.
Grayia spinosa
Grayia spinosa is a species of the genus Grayia in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae, which is known by the common names hop sage and spiny hop sage. It is widely distributed across the Western United States, where it grows in a number of desert and mountain habitats.

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-ee, -⁠eye) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales.
Brusilia
The Résidence Brusilia is a curved high-rise in the Schaerbeek municipality of Brussels, Belgium, next to Josaphat Park. It was designed by the architect Jacques Cuisinier and built from 1970 to 1974. At 35 stories and 100 metres (330 ft) tall, it remained the tallest all-residential building in Belgium until the 142-metre-tall (466 ft) UP-Site tower was completed in Brussels in 2014.

The upper floors offer a wide view over Brussels and beyond (as far north as Antwerp and Doel Nuclear Power Station on a clear day). Originally, the building was supposed to be double the width. The left half was built first, together with the foundations of the right half, but the right tower was postponed sine die because of the first oil crisis. In 2014, a lower building was completed in a different style on the right side foundations.

Adjournment sine die
Adjournment sine die (Latin for 'without a date') is the conclusion of a meeting by a deliberative assembly, such as a legislature or organizational board, without setting a date to reconvene. The assembly can reconvene, either in its present form or a reconstituted form, if preexisting laws and rules provide for this; otherwise, the adjournment effectively dissolves the assembly.

A court may also adjourn a matter sine die, which means that the matter is stayed until further notice. In a sine die adjournment of this type, the hearing stands open indefinitely, and could theoretically be resumed if the situation changed.
Portuguese Paratroop Nurses
The Portuguese Paratroop Nurses (Portuguese: Enfermeiras Pára-quedistas) were a group of 46 women that, between 1961 and 1974 (the duration of the Portuguese Colonial War), became the first women to be integrated into the Portuguese Armed Forces.

Kaúlza de Arriaga
Kaúlza de Oliveira de Arriaga, OA, GCC, OC, OIH (18 January 1915 – 2 February 2004) was a Portuguese general, writer, professor and politician. He was Secretary of State (junior minister) of the Air Force between 1953 and 1955 and commander of the Terrestrial Forces in Mozambique from 1969 until 1974 during the Mozambican War of Independence.
Førde Airport
Førde Airport (Nynorsk: Førde lufthamn; IATA: FDE, ICAO: ENBL) is a regional airport located at Bringelandsåsen in Sunnfjord Municipality, about 16 kilometers (10 mi) south of the town of Førde in Vestland county, Norway. Owned and operated by the state-owned Avinor, the airport has a single 1,019-meter (3,343 ft) runway numbered 07–25. It is served by Widerøe, which operates De Havilland Canada Dash 8 aircraft to Oslo.

Starting in 1970, the town of Førde was served by Førde Airport, Øyrane, located in an industrial site in town and with poor operational conditions. Bringeland was opened in 1986 and the old airport was closed.  Bringeland originally consisted of a 859-meter (2,818 ft) runway, but that was lengthened in 2010. Since 1988, the helicopter operator Airlift has also been based at the airport. The airport was originally owned by the municipality, but nationalized in 1996. Bringeland served 82,356 passengers in 2011.

Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.
Mendijur Ornithological Park
The Mendijur Ornithological Park is located in Alava, Basque Country, Spain. The park has trails and bird blinds for visitor use. The park consists of mainly of wetlands, along with forested areas, making it a home for wide variety of waterfowl and other birds. Frequently spotted birds include various egrets and grebes, grey herons, and white storks.

Álava
Álava (Spanish: [ˈalaβa]) or Araba (Basque pronunciation: [aˈɾaba]), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava.

It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 km2, but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019).
Werner Braune
Karl Rudolf Werner Braune (11 April 1909 − 7 June 1951) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era and a Holocaust perpetrator. During the German invasion of the Soviet Union of 1941, Braune was the commander of Einsatzkommando 11b, part of Einsatzgruppe D. Braune organized and conducted mass murders of Jews in the Army Group South Rear Area, the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (southern Ukraine and in the Crimea). For his role in these crimes, Braune was tried before an American military court in 1948 in the Einsatzgruppen trial. He was convicted, sentenced to death and executed in 1951.

Southern Ukraine
Southern Ukraine (Ukrainian: Південна Україна, romanized: Pivdenna Ukraina, IPA: [piu̯ˈdɛnːɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ]) refers, generally, to the territories in the South of Ukraine.

The territory usually corresponds with the Soviet economical district, the Southern Economical District of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The region is completely integrated with a marine and shipbuilding industry.

Southern Ukraine was invaded by the Russian military on February 24, 2022, turning parts of the region into a major theatre of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Jeffrey Manning
Jeffrey Manning (died February 13, 2004) was a county prosecutor and a member of the Ohio House of Representatives.

Manning was born in Elyria, Ohio. He earned a bachelor's degree from Kent State University and a PhD from the University of Akron.

He was appointed to be Lorain County, Ohio prosecutor to succeed Gregory White, who left to become United States Attorney for Northern Ohio. Manning died of complications of a heart condition in 2004. His wife, Gayle Manning, is currently (2010) a candidate for the Ohio Senate in district 13.

Lorain County, Ohio
Lorain County (/lɔːˈreɪn/) is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio As of the 2020 census, the population was 312,964. Its county seat is Elyria, and its largest city is Lorain. The county was physically established in 1822, becoming judicially independent in 1824. Lorain County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is home to Oberlin College.
20th Hong Kong Film Awards
Ceremony for the 20th Hong Kong Film Awards was held on 29 April 2001 in the Hong Kong Cultural Centre and hosted by Eric Tsang, Carol Cheng, Gigi Leung and Eric Ng. Eighteen winners in eighteen categories were unveiled. The year's biggest winner was Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, which received eight awards, one award short of the record set by Comrades: Almost a Love Story in 1997. Besides the sixteen regular categories, the 20th Hong Kong Film Awards also presented two special awards, Lifetime Achievement Award and Professional Achievement Award, to veteran actress Pak Suet Sin and action choreographer Yuen Wo Ping respectively.

The nominees were announced on 7 March 2001. Over eighty nominees were in a contest for sixteen award categories. The front runners were Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and In the Mood for Love, with sixteen and twelve nominations respectively.

Hong Kong Cultural Centre
The Hong Kong Cultural Centre (HKCC, Chinese: 香港文化中心) is a public multipurpose performance facility in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. Located at Salisbury Road, it was built by the former Urban Council and, since 2000, has been administered by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. A wide variety of cultural performances are held here.
Russell Diethrick Park
Russell E. Diethrick, Jr. Park is a stadium in Jamestown, New York.  It opened in 1941 and holds 3,000 people.  Primarily used for baseball, Diethrick Park was home to teams in the New York–Penn League, a short season minor league baseball league, from its opening until 2014. It is also home to the Jamestown Community College baseball team as well as Jamestown High School's baseball team.  It also has hosted multiple Babe Ruth League World Series, most recently the 2023 13 Year-Old World Series .

New York–Penn League
The New York–Penn League (NYPL) was a Minor League Baseball league that operated in the northeastern United States from 1939 to 2020. Classified as a Class A Short Season league, its season started in June, after major-league teams signed their amateur draft picks to professional contracts, and ended in early September.

In 2019, its last season of operation, the NYPL had 14 teams from eight different states. In addition to New York and Pennsylvania, from which the league drew its name, the NYPL also had clubs in Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont, West Virginia, and Connecticut.

The Brooklyn Cyclones were the last NYPL champions, defeating the Lowell Spinners, two games to one, in 2019. The Oneonta Yankees/Tigers won 12 championships, the most among all teams in the league, followed by the Auburn Mets/Twins/Phillies/Doubledays (8) and Jamestown Falcons/Expos (7).
IP Australia
IP Australia is an Australian Government agency, responsible for administering intellectual property law in Australia. The agency manages the registration of patents, trade marks, registered designs and plant breeder's rights in Australia. The agency sits under the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. From 1904 until 1998, the responsible government agency was called the Australian Patent Office (APO), which is now a division within IP Australia. The headquarters are located at Discovery House in Canberra, Australia, with offices in some capital cities. IP Australia has been an International Searching Authority (ISA) and International Preliminary Examining Authority (IPEA) for patent applications filed in accordance with the Patent Co-operation Treaty since 31 March 1980. Australia is also a member of the Madrid system for trade marks, the Paris Convention for designs and the UPOV for plant breeder's rights.

Ig Nobel Prize
The Ig Nobel Prize (/ˌɪɡ noʊˈbɛl/) is a satirical prize awarded annually since 1991 to promote public engagement with scientific research. Its aim is to "honor achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think." The name of the award is a pun on the Nobel Prize, which it parodies, and on the word ignoble. Most awards are for genuine scientific achievements with an unorthodox, obvious or humorous slant, while other awards are given ironically to various fraudsters, politicians, media figures, or promoters of pseudoscience.

Organized by the scientific humor magazine Annals of Improbable Research (AIR), the Ig Nobel Prizes are presented by Nobel laureates in a ceremony at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The winners also deliver public lectures. The Ig Nobel Prize monetary award is given in a solitary banknote for the amount of 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollars (US$0.40, but the banknote is worth more as a collector's item).
Beaucoups of Blues
Beaucoups of Blues is the second studio album by the musician and former Beatle Ringo Starr. It was released in September 1970, five months after his debut solo album, Sentimental Journey. Beaucoups of Blues is very far removed in style from its pop-based predecessor, relying on country and western influences. A longtime fan of the genre, Starr recorded the album over three days in Nashville with producer Pete Drake and an ensemble of local session players. Beaucoups of Blues failed to chart in Britain but achieved moderate commercial success in the United States, where it reached number 35 on Billboard's Country Albums list and number 65 on the Billboard Top LPs chart.

Scotty Moore
Winfield Scott Moore III (December 27, 1931 – June 28, 2016) was an American guitarist who formed the Blue Moon Boys in 1954, Elvis Presley's backing band. He was studio and touring guitarist for Presley between 1954 and 1968.

Rock critic Dave Marsh credits Moore with inventing power chords, on the 1957 Elvis hit "Jailhouse Rock". Moore was ranked 29th in Rolling Stone magazine's list of 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2011. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000, the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2007, and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2015. The Rolling Stones' guitarist Keith Richards said of Moore:

When I heard "Heartbreak Hotel", I knew what I wanted to do in life. It was as plain as day. All I wanted to do in the world was to be able to play and sound like the way Scotty Moore did. Everyone wanted to be Elvis, I wanted to be Scotty.