hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rafael Hui
Rafael Hui Si-yan (8 February 1948 – 1 February 2026) was a Chief Secretary for Administration of Hong Kong and a career civil servant. Hui has been dubbed "Old Master Hui" (許老爺) and "Fat Dragon" (肥龍). Hui was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1986 and received the honour of Gold Bauhinia Star in 1998. On 19 December 2014, he was convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for misconduct in public office and bribery, and stripped of his honours and titles in March 2018. He was released in December 2019.

Malfeasance in office
Malfeasance in office, also known as misconduct in public office, is any unlawful conduct that is often grounds for a just cause removal of an elected official by statute or recall election, or additionally a crime in some jurisdictions. Malfeasance in office contrasts with "misfeasance in office", which is the commission of a lawful act, done in an official capacity, that improperly causes harm; and "nonfeasance in office", which is the failure to perform an official duty.

An exact definition of malfeasance in office is difficult: many highly regarded secondary sources (such as books and commentaries) compete over its established elements based on reported cases. This confusion has arisen from the courts where no single consensus definition has arisen from the relatively few reported appeal-level cases involving malfeasance in office.
Lake Allicocha
Lake Allicocha (possibly from Quechua alli good, sane, qucha lake, "good lake" or "sane lake") is a lake in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of  Peru located in the Ancash Region, Asunción Province, Chacas District; at a height of 4,543 metres (14,905 ft), 204 m long and 113 m at its widest point. Lake Allicocha lies southwest of Copa.

The shore of the lake is covered with quenual trees (Polylepis sp.) and shrubs and herbs like: ichu (Jarava ichu), shunqu shunqu (Stangea erikae), botoncillo (Werneria dactylophylla), lleqllish qora (Werneria nubigena), warqu (Austrocylindropuntia flocossa), rima rima (Krapfia weberbaueri) and taulli macho (Lupinus weberbaueri).

Asunción province
Asunción is one of the 20 provinces of the Ancash Region in Peru. One of the smallest provinces of the region, it is located in the heart of the region's central highlands, on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Blanca, in the eastern area of the Ancash Region at a distance of 121 km from the city of Huaraz, the capital of the region, and 521 km from the city of Lima. Chacas, the capital of the province, is located about 3,350 m high in the midst of extremely rugged terrain.

The province is bounded to the north by the province of Yungay, to the east by the provinces of Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald and Huari, and to the south and west by the province of Carhuaz.
Spanair Flight 5022
Spanair Flight 5022 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Barcelona–El Prat Airport to Gran Canaria Airport, Spain, with a stopover in Madrid–Barajas Airport that crashed just after take-off from runway 36L at Madrid-Barajas Airport at 14:24 CEST (12:24 UTC) on 20 August 2008. The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, registration EC-HFP. Of the 172 passengers and crew on board, 154 died and 18 survived.

It was the second fatal accident for Spanair (part of the SAS Group) in the 25-year history of the company, and the 14th fatal accident and 24th hull loss involving the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 series aircraft. As of 2026, Spanair Flight 5022 remains the second-deadliest aviation accident in mainland Spain, behind Avianca Flight 011.

The accident further worsened Spanair's negative image at the time and exacerbated its financial difficulties. Spanair ceased operations on 27 January 2012.

Takeoff
Takeoff or take-off is the phase of flight during which an aerial vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For space vehicles that launch vertically, this is known as liftoff.

For fixed-wing aircraft that take off horizontally (conventional takeoff), this usually involves an accelerating ground run (known as the roll) on a runway to build up speed so the wings can generate enough lift. For aerostats (balloons and airships), helicopters, tiltrotors (e.g. the V-22 Osprey) and thrust-vectoring STOVL fixed-wing aircraft (e.g. the Harrier jump jet and F-35B), a helipad/STOLport is sufficient and no runway is needed.
Spring Brook (Susquehanna River tributary)
Spring Brook is a river located in central Otsego County, New York. The creek drains Arnold Lake and flows south before converging with Goodyear Lake, which is an impoundment of the Susquehanna River, by Portlandville, New York.

Otsego County, New York
Otsego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,524. The county seat is Cooperstown. The county's population center is Oneonta. The name Otsego is from a Mohawk or Oneida word meaning "place of the rock." The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
Daragh McCarthy
Daragh McCarthy is a Dublin-born filmmaker and musician. He has directed numerous video clips including early videos for The Frames, a Dublin group led by Academy Award winning Glen Hansard.

In 1996 he produced and directed the hardcore punk documentary The Stars Are Underground featuring Dublin bands of the early 1990s such as The Frames, Mexican Pets and Female Hercules. He is also producer/director of Teo: A Life in Music, a documentary about jazz musician and producer Teo Macero.  It was filmed over the last five years of Macero's life.

McCarthy went to St. David's CBS, Artane in Dublin.

Glen Hansard
Glen James Hansard (born 21 April 1970) is an Irish singer-songwriter and musician. Since 1990, he has been the frontman of the Irish rock band The Frames, with whom he has released six studio albums, four of which have charted in the top ten of the Irish Album Charts. He is one half of folk rock duo The Swell Season before releasing his debut solo album, Rhythm and Repose, in 2012. His 2015 second album Didn't He Ramble was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Folk Album.

Primarily a musician, he has also acted and written music for film; he appeared in the BAFTA-winning film The Commitments (1991) and starred in the Irish music drama Once (2007) which earned him a number of major awards, including the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Falling Slowly" with co-writer and co-star Markéta Irglová. The film was later adapted into a musical theatre production.
Granzyme A
Granzyme A (GzmA, EC 3.4.21.78, CTLA3, HuTPS, T-cell associated protease 1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte serine protease, TSP-1, T-cell derived serine proteinase) is a tryptase and is one of the five granzymes encoded in the human genome. In humans, GzmA is encoded by the GZMA gene in proximity to the GZMK gene on chromosome 5. This enzyme is present in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) granules.

GzmA cleaves proteins after arginine or lysine basic residues. In CTL-targeted cells, it activates caspase-independent programmed cell death pathways that are unique and parallel to that of Granzyme B, although some substrates such as PARP-1 and lamin B are shared with Granzyme B. Substrates of GzmA include Pro-IL-1β, NDUFS3, SET, APE1, and Ku70 among others. In vitro studies suggest that GzmA may have less cytotoxic capabilities than GzmB.

In colorectal cancer, GzmA was associated with promotion of cancer development, which may be due to activation of inflammation-inducing cytokines from macrophages.

PARP1
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) also known as NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 or poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARP1 gene. It is the most abundant of the PARP family of enzymes, accounting for 90% of the NAD+ used by the family. PARP1 is mostly present in cell nucleus, but cytosolic fraction of this protein was also reported.
Aldeia Galega da Merceana
Aldeia Galega da Merceana (Portuguese pronunciation: [alˈdɐjɐ ɣɐˈleɣɐ ðɐ mɨɾsiˈɐnɐ]) is a former civil parish, located in the municipality of Alenquer, in western Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Aldeia Galega da Merceana e Aldeia Gavinha. It covers 19.69 km2 in area, with 2175 inhabitants as of 2001.

Alenquer, Portugal
Alenquer (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐlẽˈkɛɾ] ⓘ), officially the Town of Alenquer (Portuguese: Vila de Alenquer), is a Portuguese municipality in the Lisbon District and in the Oeste region. The population in 2011 was 43,267, in an area of 304.22 square kilometres (117.46 mi2). The present Mayor is Pedro Miguel Ferreira Folgado.
The Suffrage Oak
The Suffrage Oak is a Hungarian oak tree (Quercus frainetto) in Kelvingrove Park in Glasgow, planted in 1918 by a number of female suffrage organisations to commemorate the passing on the Representation of the People Act in 1918. A plaque was added in 1995 by the Women's Committee of Glasgow City Council  on International Women's Day. It was named Scotland's Tree of the Year in 2015 after being nominated by the Glasgow Women's Library.

Frances Melville
Frances Helen Melville (11 October 1873 – 7 March 1962), was a Scottish suffragist, advocate for higher education for women in Scotland, and one of the first women to matriculate at the University of Edinburgh in 1892. She was president of the British Federation of University Women from 1935 to 1942.
X-file scandal
The X-file scandal was a South Korean political scandal in 2005.  The scandal revolved around the release of wiretapped conversations to the media.  Many of the conversations were of conservative politicians in the Grand National Party arranging bribes during the South Korean presidential election of 1997. The tapes were made illegally. The scandal looked at the general role of the National Intelligence Service (NIS) in political and personal affairs.

In July, 2005, South Korean police raided the home of NIS intelligence operative Kong Un-young, retrieving 274 tapes. Kong attempted suicide, but was unsuccessful. Because of this evidence of NIS involvement, some Grand National Party leaders claimed that the administration of Roh Moo-hyun must have been aware of the wiretaps.  However, members of the pro-government Uri Party claimed that GNP leaders were also aware of them.

Uri Party
The Yeollin Uri Party (Korean: 열린우리당; lit. Our Open Party), generally abbreviated to Uri Party (우리당), was the ruling social-liberal political party in South Korea from 2003 to 2007. A liberal party, it was created to support then-President Roh Moo-hyun. Chung Sye Kyun was the last leader of the party and twice served as its chairman. In 2007 the party merged the United New Democratic Party to form the Democratic Party. The current-day descendant of the party is the Democratic Party of Korea, but progressives in the party have become members of the Justice Party.
Peace treaty between China and Tibet (783)
The Peace treaty between China and Tibet of 783, also called the Sino-Tibetan Peace Treaty of 783 or Treaty of Qingshui (Chinese: 清水之盟) is a peace treaty negotiated in 783 between the Chinese Tang dynasty, ruled by Emperor Dezong and the Tibetan Empire ruled by Trisong Detsen, giving the latter all the land in the Kokonor region which corresponds to present-day Qinghai Lake. The treaty is celebrated in Qingshui, and was the sixth treaty between China and Tibet.

Qinghai Lake
Qinghai Lake   is the largest lake in China. Located in an endorheic basin in Qinghai Province, to which it gave its name, Qinghai Lake is classified as an alkaline salt lake. The lake has fluctuated in size, shrinking over much of the 20th century but increasing since 2004. It had a surface area of 4,317 km2 (1,667 sq mi), an average depth of 21 m (69 ft), and a maximum depth of 25.5 m (84 ft) in 2008.
Nova Scotia Trunk 19
Trunk 19 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia's system of trunk highways. The road runs from Port Hastings (at the east end of the Canso Causeway) to a junction with the Cabot Trail at Margaree Forks on Cape Breton Island, a distance of 107 kilometres (66 mi). Most of the route is known as the Ceilidh Trail.

From Port Hastings (near the town of Port Hawkesbury), Trunk 19 follows the western coastline of Cape Breton Island through Judique to the village of Port Hood, where it turns inland to the northeast through Mabou. From Mabou, the route continues back towards the coast at Inverness, then returns inland. At Southwest Margaree, Trunk 19 follows the Margaree River to the end of the road.

Trunk 19 is still referred to locally as Route 19.

Margaree Forks, Nova Scotia
Margaree Forks is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Inverness County on Cape Breton Island.

Among the early settlers of Margaree Forks were Archibald Chisholm and his son Joseph, who immigrated from Strathglass in Scotland in 1809.

In 1859, a postal way office was established at Margaree Forks. A post office was established in the community in 1865, and a school was built there in 1872. New schools were established in 1925 and 1963.

Margaree Forks had a population of 361 people in 1956.
Monte Duida tree frog
The Monte Duida tree frog (Tepuihyla aecii) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Venezuela and only known from the Cerro Duida, its type locality in the Amazonas state of southern Venezuela. Its natural habitat is montane tepui vegetation, specifically forest and shrubs adjacent to rivers, streams, and peat bogs. No significant threats to this species occurring in the Duida-Marahuaca National Park are known.

Duida–Marahuaca National Park
Duida–Marahuaca National Park is a protected area in Amazonas state, Venezuela. It has an area of 210,000 ha, and includes the Duida–Marahuaca Massif.

The national park was established in 1978. It has been included within the Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve, which was designated in 1993.
Acantholimon alberti
Acantholimon alberti is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. The native range of this species is Central Asia (Tian Shan Mountains), it is a subshrub and grows primarily in the temperate biome and was described by Regel.

Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family.

Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow as lianas or shrubs. The plants have perfect flowers and are pollinated by insects. They are found in many different climatic regions, from arctic to tropical conditions, but are particularly associated with salt-rich steppes, marshes, and sea coasts.

The family has been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. It includes c. 30 genera and about 725 species.

The 1981 Cronquist system placed the family in a separate order Plumbaginales, which included no other families. The Dahlgren system had segregated some of these plants as family Limoniaceae.
Quantization (linguistics)
In formal semantics, a predicate is quantized if it being true of an entity requires that it is not true of any proper subparts of that entity. For example, if something is an "apple", then no proper subpart of that thing is an "apple". If something is "water", then many of its subparts will also be "water". Hence, the predicate "apple" is quantized, while "water" is not.

Formally, a quantization predicate QUA can be defined as follows, where  is the universe of discourse,  is a variable over sets, and  is a mereological part structure on  with  the mereological part-of relation:

Quantization was first proposed by Manfred Krifka as part of his mereological approach to the semantics of nominals. It has since been applied to other phenomena such as telicity.

Manfred Krifka
Manfred Krifka (born 26 April 1956 in Dachau) is a German linguist. He was the director of the Leibniz Centre for General Linguistics (Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, ZAS) in Berlin, and professor of general linguistics at the Humboldt University of Berlin. He was editor of the academic journal Linguistics and Philosophy from 1999 to 2023 and is editor of Theoretical Linguistics
2025 Braga Open – Doubles
Théo Arribagé and Francisco Cabral were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Marcelo Demoliner and Orlando Luz won the title after defeating Alexander Donski and Stefan Latinović 7–5, 5–7, [10–7] in the final.

Théo Arribagé
Théo Arribagé (born 9 October 2000) is a French professional tennis player, who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 30 achieved on 16 February 2026. He has won five ATP Tour and ten ATP Challenger titles.
Troy Ready
Troy Ready (born May 15, 1980) is an American former soccer player who played as a midfielder and the current head coach of Vancouver Victory. After his professional career with the Timbers, Ready moved to Tajikistan where he played professionally for Vakhsh Qurghonteppa and later headed up the development of football in Tajikistan, before returning to Portland Timbers as a chaplain.

2009 Tajik League
The 2009 Tajik League was the 18th season of Tajik League, the Tajikistan Football Federation's top division of association football. Regar-TadAZ were the defending champions, having won the previous season.
Sam Hain
Samuel Robert Hain (born 16 July 1995) is a cricketer who plays for Warwickshire County Cricket Club and represents England. He is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off spin. He made his debut for the county in the 2013 Yorkshire Bank 40 against Worcestershire.

2013 Yorkshire Bank 40
The 2013 Yorkshire Bank 40 tournament was the fourth and final season of the ECB 40 limited overs cricket competition for the English and Welsh first-class counties, plus Scotland, the Netherlands, and the Unicorns, a team of players who did not have first-class contracts.

The competition consisted of three groups of seven teams, from which the top team from each group, plus the best second-placed team, progressed to the semi-finals. The groups were allocated randomly.

In 2014, the ECB 40 was replaced with the 50-over Royal London One-Day Cup.
Better in Blak (song)
"Better in Blak" is a song by Australian singer/songwriter Thelma Plum, released on 26 April 2019 as the third single from her debut studio album of the same name.

In July 2019, "Better in Blak" was nominated for Film Clip of the Year at the National Indigenous Music Awards. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2019, "Better in Blak" was nominated for Best Videos. At the J Awards of 2019, the song was nominated for Australian Video of the Year. At the APRA Music Awards of 2020, "Better in Blak" was nominated for Song of the Year. The song won the 2020 Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition. In 2025, the song placed 53 on the Triple J Hottest 100 of Australian Songs.

Triple J's Hottest 100 of Australian Songs
The Hottest 100 of Australian Songs was counted down by Australian youth radio station Triple J on 26 July 2025. Celebrating the broadcaster's 50th anniversary, it was the first time the Hottest 100 polled exclusively Australian songs, with music from all prior years eligible. More than 2.65 million votes were submitted by listeners. The Hottest 200 was counted down from 28 July through to 1 August 2025.
Josef Saxinger
Josef "Joe" Saxinger (February 2, 1930 – July 3, 2008) was a German-born farmer, business owner and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Kinistino from 1986 to 1991 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative.

He was born in Niederbrünst and was educated in Haag and Passau. Saxinger trained as a tool and die maker. He came to Canada in 1954 and settled in the Cudworth district. Saxinger farmed, operated a car dealership, Saxinger Motors, and then operated Saxinger Farm Parts and Implements. He was later a partner in the Sagehill Buffalo Ranch. He was married twice: first to Eleonore Lobl in 1956 and then to Delphine Nielsen in 2006. Saxinger served as fire chief for Cudworth.

He was defeated by Armand Roy when he ran for reelection to the Saskatchewan assembly in 1991.

Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan
The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a conservative political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Founded in 1905 by former Northwest Territories Premier Frederick Haultain, the party was first known as the Provincial Rights Party. In 1912, its name changed to the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan, and in 1942 it adopted its current name. Members are commonly known as Tories.

The party has formed government in Saskatchewan three times, first in a coalition government from 1929 to 1934, and then in consecutive majority governments from 1982 to 1991. The party was badly damaged by an expense fraud scandal in the 1990s. In 1997, the party went dormant when much of its membership migrated to the newly established Saskatchewan Party. Although the party has been active again since the 2007 provincial election, no PC candidates have been elected since 1995.
The Law is for All
The Law is for All is a collection of Aleister Crowley's commentary on The Book of the Law, the central sacred text of Thelema. It was edited to be a primer of sorts into Crowley's general interpretations about the sometimes opaque text of Liber Legis. For this reason, the book omits many of the more complex qabalistic explanations that lean heavily on an understanding of gematria and The Tree of Life. As the original editor, Louis Wilkinson, wrote in his introduction:

The aim of the Commentary on the Book of the Law is to guide the reader along the path of the discovery of his own true will, in accordance with which, and only in accordance with which, he can rightly think and act. This is why "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law." Only by doing so will you be shown your own true thought and life.

Crowley's long expository was written prior to the final Comment that now is appended to The Book of the Law.

Tree of life
The tree of life is a fundamental archetype in many of the world's mythological, religious, and philosophical traditions. It is closely related to the concept of the sacred tree. The tree of the knowledge of good and evil and the tree of life which appear in Genesis' Garden of Eden as part of the Jewish cosmology of creation, and the tree of knowledge connecting to heaven and the underworld such as Yggdrasil, are forms of the world tree or cosmic tree, and are portrayed in various religions and philosophies as the same tree.
Cynthia Phua
Cynthia Phua Siok Gek (Chinese: 潘惜玉; pinyin: Pān Xīyù, born 19 August 1958) is a Singaporean business executive and former politician. A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP),  Phua has been Member of Parliament (MP) representing Aljunied Group Representation Constituency (GRC) for the governing People's Action Party (PAP) from 2001 to 2011.

Aljunied Group Representation Constituency
The Aljunied Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in north-eastern and eastern Singapore. It has five divisions: Bedok Reservoir–Punggol, Eunos, Kaki Bukit, Paya Lebar and Serangoon, managed by Aljunied–Hougang Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) for the constituency are Fadli Fawzi, Gerald Giam, Sylvia Lim, Pritam Singh, and Kenneth Tiong from the Workers' Party (WP).
Thomas Hyatt House
The Thomas Hyatt House, also known as the Cashman House, is a Colonial style house at 11 Barlow Mountain Road in Ridgefield, Connecticut.  Built about 1735, it is one of the community's oldest and best-preserved houses, retaining much of its original layout and features.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Colonial architecture
Colonial architecture is a hybrid architectural style that arose as colonists combined architectural styles from their country of origin with design characteristics of the settled country. Colonists frequently built houses and buildings in a style that was familiar to them but with local characteristics more suited to their new climate.
Below are links to specific articles about colonial architecture, specifically the modern colonies: