hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Octave Chanute Award
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. (AIAA) established the Octave Chanute Award named after Octave Chanute. Pilot(s) or test personnel that contributed to the advancement of the art, science, or technology of aeronautics received the Octave Chanute Award. The Octave Chanute Award was renamed the Chanute Flight Award in 1978 and discontinued by the AIAA in 2005. Starting in 2017, the Chanute Flight Award was re-established as the Chanute Flight Test Award. The Chanute Flight Test Award presentation occurs biennially (odd-numbered years) at the AIAA Aviation and Aeronautics Forum. The Chanute Flight Test Award is presented to recognize significant lifetime achievements in the advancement of the art, science, and technology of flight test engineering.

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering. The AIAA is the U.S. representative on the International Astronautical Federation and the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. In 2015, it had more than 30,000 members among aerospace professionals worldwide (a majority are American or live in the United States).
Arthur Berson
Arthur Josef Stanislaus Berson (6 August 1859 – 3 December 1942) was a German meteorologist and pioneer of aerology who was a native of Neu Sandez, Galicia (now Nowy Sącz, Poland).

After visiting the gymnasium in Neu Sandez, Berson studied philology in Vienna. He then studied meteorology and geography in Berlin, where he had as instructors Ferdinand von Richthofen and Wilhelm von Bezold. In 1890 he was an assistant to meteorologist Richard Aßmann at the Meteorological Institute in Berlin. During this period of time he was also secretary of the Deutschen Verein zur Förderung der Luftschiffahrt, the first aeronautical organization in Germany. In 1900 he became Hauptobservator at the newly founded Aeronautics Observatory in Berlin-Tegel, and was later stationed at the Lindenberg Aeronautical Observatory in Beeskow. From 1896 to 1899 Berson was editor of the magazine Zeitschrift für Luftfahrt und Physik der Atmosphäre (Magazine for Aviation and Physics of the Atmosphere).

Beeskow
Beeskow (German pronunciation: [ˈbeːskoː] ⓘ; Lower Sorbian: Bezkow, pronounced [ˈbɛskɔw]) is a town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany, and capital of the Oder-Spree district. It is situated on the river Spree, 30 km southwest of Frankfurt an der Oder.
Anne of Green Gables (1985 film)
Anne of Green Gables is a 1985 Canadian made-for-television drama film based on the 1908 novel of the same name by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery, and is the first in a series of four films. The film stars Megan Follows in the title role of Anne Shirley and was produced and directed by Kevin Sullivan for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It was released theatrically in Iran, Israel, Europe, and Japan.

The film aired on CBC Television as a two-part mini-series on 1 and 2 December 1985. Both parts of the film were among the highest-rated programs of any genre ever to air on a Canadian television network. On February 17, 1986, the film aired on PBS in the US on the series WonderWorks. The film achieved high ratings in the United Kingdom when it aired on New Year’s Day in 1987.

Anne of the Island
Anne of the Island is the third book in the Anne of Green Gables series by Lucy Maud Montgomery. The plot sees Anne Shirley leave Green Gables in Avonlea, Prince Edward Island, for the first time to attend Redmond College in Kingsport, Nova Scotia.
Archibald Angus McLeod
Archibald Angus McLeod (1848–1902) was an American financier and railroad executive.

His first railroad job was as a rodman (surveyor's assistant) with the Northern Pacific Railroad.
He later worked his way up the ranks of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad to become its president in 1890. As president, he reinvigorated the fading railroad, laying new track, investing in anthracite mines, and building the grand Reading Terminal in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He resigned after the Panic of 1893 weakened the railroad, and moved to New York City, where he advised railroads and entered finance.

Panic of 1893
The Panic of 1893 was an economic depression in the United States. It began in February 1893 and officially ended eight months later. The Panic of 1896 followed. It was the most serious economic depression in history until the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Panic of 1893 deeply affected every sector of the economy and produced political upheaval that led to a political realignment and the presidency of William McKinley.

The panic climaxed with a run on gold from the United States Treasury. Unemployment rates in many states rose above 25%, and poverty became widespread.
Alpha-humulene synthase
α-Humulene synthase (EC 4.2.3.104,ZSS1) is an enzyme with a systematic name (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (α-humulene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate  α-humulene + diphosphate

The enzyme from Zingiber zerumbet, can be used to make shampoo ginger. It also gives traces of β-caryophyllene.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), also known as farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), is the precursor to all sesquiterpenes, which comprises thousands of compounds. These include all sesquiterpenes as well as sterols and carotenoids. It is also used in the synthesis of CoQ (part of the electron transport chain), as well as dehydrodolichol diphosphate (a precursor of dolichol, which transports proteins to the ER lumen for N-glycosylation).
James W. H. Trail
James William Helenus Trail FRS FLS (4 March 1851 – 18 September 1919) was a 20th-century botanist who served as Professor of Botany at Aberdeen University from 1877 to 1919. 
The standard author abbreviation Trail is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Old Aberdeen
Old Aberdeen is part of Aberdeen in Scotland. Old Aberdeen was originally a separate burgh, which was erected into a burgh of barony on 26 December 1489. It was incorporated into adjacent Aberdeen by the Aberdeen Corporation Act 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. cxxiv). It retains the status of a community council area.

The town's motto is "concordia res parvae crescunt" ("through harmony, small things increase").
Valley Power Plant
Valley Power Plant is an intermediate load, natural gas fired, electrical power station located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is owned by We Energies. The plant is a cogeneration facility supplying steam to 480 customers and 280 MW of electricity.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
Drolsum
Drolsum is a small village in Modum municipality in Buskerud, Norway.

Drolsum is located on the western bank of Tyrifjorden on Norwegian county road 35 (Fv 35) which runs between Langebru in Øvre Eiker and Tønsberg  in Vestfold. Drolsum had a train station (Drolsum stoppestedon) in the Randsfjordbanen between Vikersund and Nakkerud.  The rail station was opened during 1903.The original station building was demolished and replaced with a new office in 1946. Around 1973 it downgraded to stop. It is listed on the Norwegian National Rail Administration Network and is not officially closed. [1]

60°01′N 10°02′E﻿ / ﻿60.017°N 10.033°E﻿ / 60.017; 10.033

Modum
Modum is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vikersund.  The municipality of Modum was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

The area has a long tradition of skiing with several famous skiers. Modum is home to one of the largest ski jumping hills in the world, Vikersundbakken which is situated in Heggen, outside Geithus.  The hill record, established in 2017 is a jump of 253.5 metres (832 ft).
Cry Cry ('Til the Sun Shines)
"Cry Cry ('Til the Sun Shines)" is a song originally recorded by Martina McBride on her 2007 album Waking Up Laughing.  It was later recorded by American country music artist Heidi Newfield and released in November 2008 as the second single from the album What Am I Waiting For.  The song reached #29 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.  The song was written by Marv Green, Aimee Mayo, Chris Lindsey and Hillary Lindsey.

Aimee Mayo
Aimee Mayo (born September 28, 1971) is an American author and songwriter from Gadsden, Alabama.

She has written songs recorded by artists such as Tim McGraw, Meghan Trainor, The Backstreet Boys, Billy Currington, and Kellie Pickler. She co-wrote the American country band Lonestar's 1999 single 'Amazed', which was nominated for Best Country Song at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards..

She has received multiple awards, including BMI Foundation's Country Song of the Year and Songwriter of the Year awards. Mayo has also received over a dozen BMI Country Awards and BMI Pop Awards.
Ballinameen
Ballinameen (Irish: Béal an Átha Mín) is a small village and census town in County Roscommon, Ireland. Located in the historical barony of Frenchpark on the R370 regional road, the village had a population of 191 people as of the 2016 census.

2016 census of Ireland
The 2016 census of Ireland was held Sunday, 24th April 2016. It was organised by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) and reported a total population of 4,761,865, or a 3.8% increase since the prior 2011 census. This was the lowest recorded population growth rate since the 1991 census, with the decline in population growth rates attributed to both lower birth rates and lower net migration. The census results were released gradually between April and December 2017 in a series of reports organised either as summaries or in-depth results of specific themes, like age, ethnicity, or religion.

The following census took place in April 2022, having been delayed for one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Einstein Wrote Back
Einstein Wrote Back is a memoir by Canadian physicist John Moffat that documents his encounters with various other famous physicists, including Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, Fred Hoyle, Wolfgang Pauli, Paul Dirac, Abdus Salam, and J. Robert Oppenheimer, as well as his work at Imperial College London, Princeton University, CERN, and the University of Toronto. The book's title comes from a series of letters Moffat exchanged with Einstein early in his life, which inspired Moffat to continue studying physics.

Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer. With Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge and William Alfred Fowler, he formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis in the influential B2FH paper.

He held controversial views on some scientific matters — in particular, in his rejection of the "Big Bang" theory (a term he jokingly coined on BBC Radio, though he later denied doing so in derision) in favour of a "steady-state model", and his promotion of panspermia as the origin of life on Earth.

He spent most of his working life at St John's College, Cambridge, and served as the founding director of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy at Cambridge.

Hoyle also wrote science fiction novels, short stories, and radio plays, co-created television serials, and co-authored twelve books with his son, Geoffrey Hoyle.
Grace Napolitano
Graciela "Grace" Napolitano (/nəˌpɒlɪˈtɑːnoʊ/ nə-POL-ih-TAH-noh; née Flores; born December 4, 1936) is an American Democratic Party politician who represented California's San Gabriel Valley and other parts of Los Angeles County in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2025. She previously served in the California State Assembly and the Norwalk City Council. At the age of 89, Napolitano was the oldest sitting member of the House of Representatives at the time of her departure.

Napolitano represented the 34th district from 1999 to 2003, the 38th district from 2003 to 2013, the 32nd district from 2013 to 2023, and 31st district from 2023 to 2025. Due to redistricting, Napolitano ran for and won reelection in the 2012 United States elections in California's 32nd congressional district against Republican nominee David Miller. In the 2014 midterm elections, Napolitano was reelected, defeating Republican nominee Arturo Alas. Napolitano retired from Congress in 2025.

California's 31st congressional district
California's 31st congressional district is a congressional district in Los Angeles County, in the U.S. state of California. The district is located in the San Gabriel Valley and contains most of the Hispanic-majority areas in that region.

From January 3, 2023, following the 2020 redistricting cycle, the district is currently represented by Democrat Gil Cisneros.
Grand Hotel, Jönköping
Grand Hotel is a historic hotel in central Jönköping, housed in a culturally protected building, that it shares with the Jönköping Theatre.

The hotel is located near the shores of Lake Vättern, on Hovrättstorget — a square that has some of Jönköping’s oldest surviving buildings.

Designed by August Atterström, the city architect at the time, the Grand Hotel opened in 1905. It has been renovated and upgraded several times since its construction more than 100 years ago. The hotel initially didn't have a gym or fitness center and now offers a full size gym 150 meters away from the main building.

At the end of 2024, the hotel was sold to entrepreneurs who manage several Best Western hotels in Småland.

Vättern
Vättern (/ˈvɛtərn/ VET-ərn, Swedish: [ˈvɛ̌tːɛɳ]) is the second-largest lake in Sweden, after Vänern, and the sixth-largest lake in Europe. It is a long, finger-shaped body of fresh water in south central Sweden, to the southeast of Vänern, pointing at the tip of Scandinavia. Vättern is deep, containing roughly half as much water as Vänern even though it covers about a third as much area; its deepest point is 128 metres (420 ft) below sea level.

Vättern drains into Motala ström through Bråviken into the Baltic Sea, but since 1832 it has also had a downstream connection through the Göta Canal to Vänern and the Kattegat tributary of the Atlantic Ocean. The lake has plenty of sources from rivers and small lakes, with the highest located sources being near Nässjö on the South Swedish Highland near the southeastern shoreline.
National Soccer League Player of the Year
The National Soccer League Player of the Year was an annual soccer award present to the most outstanding player in Australia's National Soccer League. The award was established in the NSL's first season in 1977 and it ran until 1989. The following season it was replaced by the Johnny Warren Medal.

The inaugural winner was Jimmy Rooney of Marconi, who finished second that season. The last winner of the award was Zlatko Nastevski, who played for table-toppers Marconi when he won the award. Bobby Russell and Frank Farina are the only people to have won the award twice.

From 1977 until 1985 the vote was purely done by referees. Then, between 1986 and 1988, two winners were announced, one voted by the referees and one voted by the players. In 1989, it was only the players voting.

Zlatko Nastevski
Zlatko Nastevski (Macedonian: Златкo Hacтeвcки; born 4 August 1957) is a retired Macedonian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

In October 2009, he played in the Australian "Olderoos" squad in the World Masters Games. Nastevski currently devotes his time to training Australia's future football talent through his academy NDFD.
1995 Carlton Football Club season
The 1995 Carlton Football Club season was the Carlton Football Club's 132nd season of competition, and 99th as a member of the Australian Football League.

Carlton won the AFL premiership, defeating Geelong in the grand final. It was the club's sixteenth and, as of 2024, most recent premiership. It was a record-breaking season for the club, in which it set a new record by winning twenty matches during the premiership season.

The club also fielded its reserves team in the Victorian State Football League.

1995 Ansett Australia Cup
The 1995 AFL Ansett Australia Cup was the Australian Football League Pre-season Cup competition played in its entirety before the Australian Football League's 1995 Premiership Season began. It culminated the final in March 1995.
Jafar Jabbarli Monument
Jafar Jabbarli Monument (Azerbaijani: Cəfər Cabbarlının heykəli) is a monument to the Azerbaijani poet and dramatist Jafar Jabbarli (1899–1934), located on Jafar Jabbarli Square in the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku, not far from the entrance to the 28 May metro station. The monument was made of pink granite by the sculptor Mir-Ali Mir-Gasimov. It was installed in 1982. The architect of the monument is Yusif Kadymov.

28 May (Baku Metro)
28 May is a Baku Metro station. It was opened on 6 November 1967. It was formerly called 28 April. It is connected to the adjacent Baku Central Railway Station by a pedestrian tunnel. It is also nearby 28 May Shopping Mall. This station is located in the city Transport HUB. There is nearby Landmark Hotel Baku.
Yosef Maimon
Rabbi Yosef ben Moshe Mammon (Maimon) Maravi (1741 – 7 December 1822) is the spiritual leader credited with helping strengthen religious observance and introducing the Sephardic liturgy to the Bukharian Jewish community. The title Maaravi signifies his North African (Maghreb) ancestry.

Nusach (Jewish custom)
In Judaism, a nusach or nusakh (Hebrew: נוסח, romanized: nusáḥ, Yiddish: נוסח, romanized: núsekh, pl. נוסחים nusaḥim, Yiddish: נוסחאות, romanized: nuskhóes) is the exact text of a Jewish prayer service, sometimes translated as "rite". Nusach may more accurately translate to "formulation" or "wording".

The texts of siddurim used by the array of Jewish ethnic divisions and religious movements include Baladi-rite prayer, nusach Ashkenaz, nusach Sefard, nusach edot haMizraḥ, Italian nusach, and nusach Ari.

A textual nusach is distinct from a musical nusach, the latter referring to a community's musical style or tradition, particularly the chanted melodies used for the Amidah and other recitative prayers.
Sandip Sanjay Sargar
Sandip Sanjay Sargar (born 13 February 1993) is an Indian para-athlete who competes in javelin throw. He represented India at the 2024 Paris Paralympics. He is currently supported by Olympic Gold Quest.

India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
India competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris from 28 August to 8 September 2024. The nation made its official debut at the 1968 Summer Paralympics and has appeared in every edition of the Summer Paralympics since 1984. This was India's 13th appearance at the Summer Paralympics.

India sent a contingent consisting of 84 athletes competing across 12 sports in the Paralympic Games. Bhagyashree Jadhav and Sumit Antil were the flag bearers during the opening ceremony. Later, Preethi Pal and Harvinder Singh served as the flag bearers during the closing ceremony.

India won 29 medals including seven gold, nine silver, and thirteen bronze medals. This marked India's highest ever medal tally in Paralympic Games surpassing the tally of 19 medals won in the 2020 Games.
Oricilla
Oricilla was a genus of Early Devonian land plant with branching axes. Fossils have been found from the Pragian to the Emsian (413 to 393 million years ago).

A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Oricilla in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).

Hao and Xue in 2013 used the absence of terminal sporangia to place the genus in the paraphyletic order Gosslingiales, a group of zosterophylls considered to have indeterminate growth, with fertile branches generally showing circinate vernation (initially curled up). Kenrick and Crane in 1997 also placed the genus in the family Gosslingiaceae, but they place this family in the order Sawdoniales.

Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek  σπορά (sporá) 'seed' and  ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) 'vessel'; pl.: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis.
Malanada firework disaster
The Malanada firework disaster was a disaster in which 33 people lost their lives after a fire broke out in the Malanada temple at Poruvazhy in Kollam district, Kerala, India, on 23 March 1990. An electric spark in the place where the fireworks where stored caused the explosion. At a distance of 1.5 kilometres from Malanada, human remains of the victims were thrown up to Edakkad market. All the buildings around the temple were destroyed.

Poruvazhy Peruviruthy Malanada Temple
Poruvazhy Peruviruthy Malanada, popularly known as Peruviruthy Malanada or Malanada is the one and only one Duryodhana Temple in South India. (It is believed that the 'Sankalpa Moorthy' at Malanada is 'Duryodhanan'). It is located at Edakkad Ward (Kara) of Poruvazhy village in Kunnathoor Taluk of Kollam district (Kerala State), India. This place is the northern border of Kollam district which Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha districts share the boundaries. The temple is located equidistant from Adoor (M C Road) to the Northeast and Sasthamcottah to the Southeast. It is also reachable from Kayamkulam and Karunagappally on the NH 47 and Kottarakkara (via Puthoor or Enathu) on the MC road (approximately 25 km from each centre).
Raj Kishore Mahato
Raj Kishore Mahato was an Indian politician and member of the All Jharkhand Students Union. Mahato was a member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from 2014 to 2019 from the Tundi constituency in Dhanbad district.

Dhanbad district
Dhanbad district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Dhanbad is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Jharkhand (out of 24), after Ranchi. It also has the lowest sex ratio in Jharkhand, at 908.

Dhanbad is also known as the coal capital of India, due to extensive coal mining industry that dominates the district.
Sugar Creek (Susquehanna River tributary)
Sugar Creek is a 32.0-mile-long (51.5 km) tributary of the Susquehanna River in Bradford County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Sugar Creek joins the Susquehanna River near the borough of Towanda.

Towanda, Pennsylvania
Towanda is a borough in, and the county seat of, Bradford County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 66 miles (106 km) northwest of Wilkes-Barre, on the Susquehanna River. The name means "where we bury the dead" in the Nanticoke language. As of the 2020 census, the population of Towanda was 2,833.