hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gauge vector–tensor gravity
Gauge vector–tensor gravity (GVT) is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm where gauge fields cause the MOND behavior. The former covariant realizations of MOND such as the Bekenstein's tensor–vector–scalar gravity and the Moffat's scalar–tensor–vector gravity attribute MONDian behavior to some scalar fields.  GVT is the first example wherein the MONDian behavior is mapped to the gauge vector fields.
The main features of GVT can be summarized as follows:

As it is derived from the action principle, GVT respects conservation laws;

In the weak-field approximation of the spherically symmetric, static solution, GVT reproduces the MOND acceleration formula;

It can accommodate gravitational lensing.

It is in total agreement with the Einstein–Hilbert action in the strong and Newtonian gravities.

Its dynamical degrees of freedom are:

Two gauge fields:  ;

A metric, .

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
Louis Hoppe
Louis Hoppe was a folk artist who worked in Texas during the American Civil War years.  Details of his life are nearly nonexistent; he is known by his works, four watercolor paintings, three of which are scenes in Colorado County, Texas.  Among the few things known about Hoppe's background are that he was of German descent and that he worked as a laborer at one of the farms depicted in his paintings. All of his known works are held by the San Antonio Museum of Art.

Colorado County, Texas
Colorado County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,557. Its county seat is Columbus. It is named for the Colorado River of Texas. The county was founded in 1836 and organized the next year.
Il furioso all'isola di San Domingo
Il furioso all'isola di San Domingo (The Madman on the Island of San Domingo) is a "romantic melodramma" in two acts by the composer Gaetano Donizetti. Jacopo Ferretti, who since 1821 had written five libretti for Donizetti and two for Rossini (including La Cenerentola), had proposed the unusual subject and he was contracted to write the Italian libretto based on a five-act play of the same title by an unknown author in 1820, which "had been given in the same theatre [...] and which Donizetti had immediately loved".  However, as has been noted by Charles Osborne, the "ultimate derivation of both play and libretto is an episode in part 1 of Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes's published in 1605" which is the story of Cardenio and Lucinda.

The opera was premiered at the Teatro Valle in Rome on 2 January 1833 and was very successful throughout Europe—being staged in over 100 locations—but it disappeared after 1889, not to be seen again until 1958.

Jacopo Ferretti
Jacopo Ferretti (16 July 1784 – 7 March 1852) was an Italian writer, poet and opera librettist. His name is sometimes written as Giacomo Ferretti.

He is most famous for having supplied the libretti for two operas composed by Rossini and for five operas composed by Donizetti.
Evan Mercer
Evan Mercer is a Canadian actor. He is most noted for his performance in the 2016 film Riverhead, for which he garnered a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards.

Originally from the community of Shearstown in Bay Roberts, Newfoundland and Labrador, Mercer has acted primarily on stage. He has also been a guest actor on the television series Republic of Doyle. He graduated from the National Theatre School of Canada in 2023.

National Theatre School of Canada
The National Theatre School of Canada (NTS, French: École nationale de théâtre du Canada) is a private institution of professional theatre studies in Montreal, Quebec. Established in 1960, the NTS receives its principal funding from grants awarded by the Government of Canada and cultural ministries in each province, with added financial support from private and corporate donors. It offers training to actors, directors, playwrights, set and costume designers and production specialists to work in the professional theatre industry.
A People's Archive of Police Violence in Cleveland
A People's Archive of Police Violence in Cleveland is a local community created digital archive created in 2015 in response to the Killing of Tamir Rice. The archive documents community experiences not expressed in news, government, and police narratives. The archive uses the Omeka platform for community members to submit their stories.:158

The founders tied the project to healing from state violence. The directors compared the project to the tradition of archival activism in South Africa.:364 The archive features photographs and oral testimony. Archivist Jarret M. Drake says "Archives have never been neutral." Communal archives seek to return historical cultivation from centralized institutions to local communities and dismantle assumptions of gender, race, and ability.

State violence
State violence is the use of force, intimidation, or oppression by a government against its citizens. State violence can happen through law enforcement or military force, as well as through other branches of government and bureaucracy. State violence is often justified by regimes under the pretext of maintaining law and order.
Jacko Page (rugby union)
John Jackson Page (born 16 April 1947) is an English former rugby union international.

Page was born in Brighton and educated at Cambridgeshire High School for Boys.

A scrum-half, Page was renown for his high kicks and gained five England caps. He spent his career with Bedford, Cambridge University, Eastern Counties and Northampton. After featuring in all four 1971 Five Nations fixtures for England, he found himself dropped from the Northampton lineup by the year's end, having struggled for form since contracting hepatitis on the 1971 Oxford-Cambridge tour of Argentina. His fifth and final cap came in the 1975 Five Nations.

Cambridge University R.U.F.C.
The Cambridge University Rugby Union Football Club, sometimes abbreviated "CURUFC", is the rugby union club of the University of Cambridge. The team plays Oxford University RFC in the annual Varsity Match at Twickenham Stadium every December.

Cambridge players wear light blue and white hooped jerseys with a red lion crest. Many have gone on to represent their country and the British and Irish Lions; a few, most notably Dan Vickerman, James Horwill and Flip van der Merwe, have represented Cambridge after successful international careers. While at the University of Cambridge James Bevan became the first captain of the Wales national rugby union team. The CURUFC stadium is located in West Cambridge, beside Grange Road.
Samsolbari Jamali
Datuk Samsolbari bin Jamali (born 1 July 1960) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Deputy Speaker of the Johor State Legislative Assembly since April 2022 and Member of Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Semarang since March 2004. He previously served as Member of the Johor State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Menteri Besar Hasni Mohammad from March 2020 to March 2022. He is a member and the Division Chief of Ayer Hitam of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the ruling BN coalition.

Ayer Hitam (federal constituency)
Ayer Hitam is a federal constituency in Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1974 to 1986, from 2004 to present.

The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Drifting States
Drifting States (French: Les États nordiques) is a Canadian docufiction film, directed by Denis Côté and released in 2005. The film stars Christian Leblanc as Christian, a man from Montreal who is hiding out in the isolated town of Radisson after mercy killing his chronically ill mother.

The film, Côté's feature-length debut, was shot on a budget of just $80,000, and performed primarily by non-professional actors.

Writing for 24 images, André Roy compared the film to the works of Jacques Leduc, particularly Ordinary Tenderness (Tendresse ordinaire) and The Last Glacier (Le dernier glacier).

The film won a Golden Leopard Award in the Video category at the Locarno Film Festival in 2005, and a Woosuk "Indie Vision" Award at the Jeonju International Film Festival in 2006.

André Roy (writer)
André Roy (born February 27, 1944) is a Canadian poet and arts critic from Quebec. He won the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry in 1985 for Action writing and was a shortlisted nominee for the award on three other occasions.

He has also published extensively as a film and literary critic, and was an editor of the cultural magazines Hobo-Québec and Spirale. An archive of his papers is held by the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Several of his works have been translated into English by Daniel Sloate.

He was one of Quebec's earliest openly gay writers. In 2021 he was named the winner of the Blue Metropolis Violet Prize, a lifetime achievement award for LGBTQ Canadian writers.
I briganti (Mercadante)
I briganti is an opera (melodramma) in three acts by Saverio Mercadante, first performed on 22 March 1836 by the Théâtre-Italien in Paris, with an Italian libretto by Jacopo Crescini based on Schiller's Die Räuber. The lead roles were written for bass Luigi Lablache, tenor Giovanni Battista Rubini, baritone Antonio Tamburini and soprano Giulia Grisi. The opera did not do well in Paris, and the cast departed for London.

Rossini in Wildbad
Rossini in Wildbad is a bel canto opera festival in Bad Wildbad, Baden-Württemberg, specialising in the lesser-known operas of Gioachino Rossini and his contemporaries.

The festival commemorates a stay by Rossini at the town's spa in 1856, which apparently invigorated him enough to start composing again.

The festival was founded in 1989 by the conductor Wilhelm Keitel.
The Steve Allen Show
The Steve Allen Show is an American variety show hosted by Steve Allen from June 1956 to June 1960 on NBC, from September 1961 to December 1961 on ABC, and in first-run syndication from 1962 to 1964.

The first three seasons aired on Sunday nights at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, directly opposite The Ed Sullivan Show. It moved to Mondays at 10:00 p.m. Eastern in the 1959–60 season under the name The Steve Allen Plymouth Show (sponsored by Plymouth automobile). After a season's absence, the series briefly returned on Wednesdays at 7:30 p.m. Eastern.

The syndicated version aired mostly in late nights. The program, between September 1957 and June 1960, became one of the first programs to be telecast in "compatible color". Kinescopes of the NBC version were later edited into 104 half-hour episodes and rerun on the "HA!" channel and Comedy Central in the early 1990s, with new introductions by Allen.

Gene Rayburn
Gene Rayburn (born Eugene Peter Jeljenic; December 22, 1917 – November 29, 1999) was an American radio and television personality. He is best known as the host of various editions of the American television game show Match Game for over two decades.
George Gagnidze
George Gagnidze (Georgian: გიორგი გაგნიძე) is a Georgian operatic baritone specializing in the Italian dramatic repertoire. He has performed at New York's Metropolitan Opera every season since 2008/09, including playing Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto.

Rigoletto
Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the 1832 play Le roi s'amuse by Victor Hugo. Despite serious initial problems with the Austrian censors who had control over northern Italian theatres at the time, the opera had a triumphant premiere at La Fenice in Venice on 11 March 1851.

The work, Verdi's sixteenth in the genre, is widely considered to be the first of the operatic masterpieces of Verdi's middle-to-late career. Its tragic story revolves around the licentious Duke of Mantua, his hunch-backed court jester Rigoletto, and Rigoletto's daughter Gilda. The opera's original title, La maledizione (The Curse), refers to a curse placed on both the Duke and Rigoletto by the Count Monterone, whose daughter the Duke has seduced with Rigoletto's encouragement. The curse comes to fruition when Gilda falls in love with the Duke and sacrifices her life to save him from the assassin hired by her father.
Brett Solkhon
Brett Michael Solkhon (born 12 September 1982) is an English footballer who plays for Southern League Premier Division Central side St Ives Town, on dual registration from Southern League Premier Division Central side Kettering Town, where he plays as a defender.

2018–19 Southern Football League
The 2018–19 season was the 116th in the history of the Southern League since its establishment in 1894. The league (known as Evo-Stik League Southern, following a sponsorship deal with Evo-Stik) has two Premier divisions (Central and South) at step 3 of the National League System (NLS) and two Division One divisions (Central and South) at step 4 of the NLS.

This was the first season to consist of four divisions in the league, following a shakeup of the Southern, Isthmian, and Northern Premier Leagues divisions by geographical region. The Southern League was chosen to create a new division at Step 3; the 21 clubs remaining from the Premier Division the previous season were split into two new Premier divisions; Central and South. The league constitution was announced in May 2018.
Tomten (poem)
"Tomten" ("The Tomte"), also known as "Midvinternattens köld är hård" ("The Cold of Midwinter Night is Harsh"), is a poem written by Viktor Rydberg, and originally published in Ny Illustrerad Tidning in 1881. While outwardly being an idyllic Christmas poem, the poem asks about the meaning of life.

A short film, Tomten, was recorded in 1941 by Gösta Roosling, where Hilda Borgström reads the entire poem.

Lotta Engberg's 2009 Christmas album Jul hos mig closes with a final, hidden, bonus track with Sven Wollter reading the poem.

The poem has also been recorded as an audio book, with Torgny Lindgren reading it.

Lotta Engberg
Anna Charlotte "Lotta" Engberg  (born Pedersen; 5 March 1963)  is a Swedish singer.

She represented Sweden in Eurovision Song Contest 1987 with "Boogaloo" after winning Melodifestivalen 1987. She also tried many times in Melodifestivalen in 1984, 1988, 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2012.

She was also a singer in a number of formations including "Trioala" early on, and in dansbands Lotta & Anders Engbergs orkester from 1989 to 1994, and after her divorce from Anders Engberg, in dansband Lotta Engbergs from 1994 until 2002. She continues now as a solo artist. On 2 October 1999, Sweden issued a postage stamp with her portrait. She also has a great number of collaborations including joint albums with Jarl Carlsson in 1987, Christer Sjögren and Willie Nelson, both in 2012.
John Lawson Stoddard
John Lawson Stoddard (April 24, 1850 – June 5, 1931) was an American lecturer, author and photographer. He was a pioneer in the use of the stereopticon or magic lantern, adding photographs to his popular lectures about his travels around the world. Because he published books related to his travels, he is credited with developing the genre of travelogues.

In 1935, Daniel Crane Taylor wrote, "Stoddard's rise to fame was spectacular and unprecedented in the annals of American entertainers. No American lecturer, musician or actor has ever won so large a following in so short a time. From his second season, almost every lecture was sold out…He filled Daly's Theatre, one of the largest in New York, fifty times a season for ten years. …This would mean that Stoddard alone drew approximately one hundred thousand persons in New York each year."

Daly's 63rd Street Theatre
Daly's 63rd Street Theatre was a Broadway theatre, which was active from 1921 to 1941. It was built in 1914 as the 63rd Street Music Hall and had several other names between 1921 and 1938. The building was demolished in 1957.
Handball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament of Handball at the 2016 Summer Olympics at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, began on 7 August and ended on 21 August 2016. Games were held at the Future Arena.

Denmark won their first gold medal, defeating defending champion France 28–26 in the final. Germany won the bronze medal by defeating Poland 31–25.

The medals were presented by Gunilla Lindberg, Yumilka Ruiz and Tony Estanguet, IOC members from Sweden, Cuba and France respectively and by Hassan Moustafa, Miguel Roca Mas and Per Bertelsen, President, 1st Vice President and Caretaker Chairman of the Commission of Organizing and Competition of the IHF respectively.

Gunilla Lindberg
Gunilla Lindberg (born 6 May 1947) is a Swedish sports official and member of the International Olympic Committee.

Lindberg took up a position in the offices of the Swedish Olympic Committee (SOC) in 1969, and was appointed SOC's Secretary-General in 1989. She was elected to the board of the European Olympic Committees in 1993, and was elected a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1996. In 2000, she was elected to the board of the IOC, and from 2004 to 2008 she was one of four Vice Presidents of the IOC. In 2011, she returned to the IOC Executive Board.

Lindberg is also Secretary-General of the Association of National Olympic Committees.
Liao Wan-ju
Liao Wan-ju (born Chinese: 廖琬如; (1984-04-19)19 April 1984) is a Taiwanese female volleyball player. She was part of the Chinese Taipei women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2010 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, and in the 2012 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.

2010 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2010 FIVB World Grand Prix was a women's volleyball tournament to be played by 12 countries from 6–29 August 2010. The finals were held at the Beilun Gymnasium in Ningbo, China.

The United States claimed their 3rd title and Foluke Akinradewo of the United States won the Most Valuable Player award.
Audra State Park
Audra State Park is a West Virginia state park located on 355 acres (1.44 km2) in southwestern Barbour County. It was established around the remnants of an early 19th-century gristmill  and the tiny community of Audra. A gristmill spillway is still visible in the river.

The park is a hilly, secondary forest area bisected by the Middle Fork River. The deep pools, large, flat rocks, and riverside beach have provided generations of campers, local teens and college students a place to swim or work on their tans. Audra State Park is the site of Alum Cave, which is accessible by a boardwalk built along this overhanging sandstone ledge.

The park serves as the put-in point for a 6.6 mile kayak run along about 2.8 miles the Middle Fork River and about 3.8 miles of the Tygart Valley River to the confluence of the latter with the Buckhannon River.

Buckhannon River
The Buckhannon River is a 45.4-mile-long (73.1 km) tributary of the Tygart Valley River in north-central West Virginia, USA. Via the Tygart Valley, Monongahela and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 309 square miles (800 km2) on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau. It provides drinking water for much of Upshur County.
Sophronia humerella
Sophronia humerella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe (except Iceland, Norway, Ireland, the Netherlands, Croatia, Slovenia and Bulgaria), North Africa and Asia Minor. The moth was removed from the British list because the records are considered unreliable.

The wingspan is 9–11 mm.

The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris, Helichrysum, Achillea, Thymus vulgaris and Antennaria species.

Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (Austrian German: [jereˈmiːas ˈiːɡnats ˈʃɪfɐˌmʏlɐ]; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a systematic approach to describing colours in nature and to standardize their names.
Arden Mounts
Enoch Arden Mounts (July 9, 1917 – March 4, 2003) was an American NASCAR Grand National Series driver from Gilbert, Mingo County, West Virginia. His primary vehicle was the #18 self-owned Pontiac machine; although he would occasionally drive a Hudson vehicle on the race track.

Mingo County, West Virginia
Mingo County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,568. Its county seat and largest city is Williamson. Created in 1895, Mingo is West Virginia's newest county, named for the historic Iroquoian Mingo people.
Esit Eket
Esit Eket is a town and Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria.

The administrative center of Esit Eket Local Government Area is situated in the town of Uquo, which is located within the Akwa Ibom South Senatorial Zone of the state, the Local Government Area comprises Uquo, Etebi, Akoiyak, Atia, Ekpene Obo, Ikpa, Edo, Akpautong, Afaha Ekpene Edi, Ntak Iyang, Odoro Nkit, Udua Akok, Uqua Isi Edoho, and Ebe Ekpi as its constituent areas.

Esit Eket Local Government is highlighted on the country's map. There is a growing advocacy for the establishment of a development commission to address the needs of oil-producing communities in Akwa Ibom. This information is sourced from an article by Cletus Ukpong.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.