hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coherence scanning interferometry
Coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) is any of a class of optical surface measurement methods wherein the localization of interference fringes during a scan of optical path length provides a means to determine surface characteristics such as topography, transparent film structure, and optical properties.  CSI is currently the most common interference microscopy technique for  areal surface topography measurement.
The term "CSI" was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

The technique encompasses but is not limited to instruments that use spectrally broadband, visible sources (white light) to achieve interference fringe localization.  CSI uses either fringe localization alone or in combination with interference fringe phase, depending on the surface type, desired surface topography repeatability and software capabilities. The table below compiles alternative terms that conform at least in part to the above definition.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Jugsalai
Jugsalai is a township and business center adjacent to Tatanagar Railway Station, Jamshedpur and a municipality in the Dhalbhum subdivision of the Purbi Singhbhum district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is often referred as a wholesale market of Jamshedpur.

Tatanagar Junction railway station
Tatanagar Junction Railway Station, station code TATA, is the main railway station serving the city of Jamshedpur in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is located on the Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line of the Indian Railways. It has 6 platforms and handles around 100 trains each day. On 26th February 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually lay the foundation stone for the re-development of the station at cost of ₹335 Crores. GHV Infra Projects Limited has been awarded the tender for Re-development of the Station at a cost ₹284 Crores. Bhoomi Poojan was held on 12th October 2025, involves revamp to G+6 main building, G+3 second entry, increased platforms from 5 to 9.
USS Flying Fish
Three ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Flying Fish, named in honor of the flying fish.

USS Flying Fish (1838), was a schooner, purchased in 1838 and sold in 1842. She was used in Charles Wilkes exploration of Antarctica

USS Flying Fish (SS-229), was a Gato-class submarine, commissioned in 1942 and struck in 1958

USS Flying Fish (SSN-673), was a Sturgeon-class submarine, commissioned in 1970 and struck in 1996

Gato-class submarine
The Gato class of submarines were built for the United States Navy and launched in 1941–1943. Named after the lead vessel of the class, USS Gato, they were the first mass-produced U.S. submarine class of World War II.

The Gatos, along with the closely related Balao and Tench classes that followed, accounted for most of the Navy's World War II submarines; they destroyed much of the Japanese merchant marine and a large portion of the Imperial Japanese Navy. In some references, the Gatos are combined with their successors, especially the Balao class.

Gato's name comes from a species of small catshark. Like most other U.S. Navy submarines of the period, boats of the Gato class were given the names of aquatic creatures.
Ashfield (surname)
Ashfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edmund Ashfield (Catholic agent) (died c.1620), English Catholic agent

Edmund Ashfield, 17th-century English painter

George Ashfield (1934–1985), English former footballer

Kate Ashfield (born 1972), British actress

Keith Ashfield (1952–2018), Canadian politician

Kim Ashfield (born 1959), Welsh model

Lionel Ashfield (1898–1918), British WWI flying ace

Robert Ashfield (1911–2006), English musician and composer

Stephen Ashfield, Scottish actor

William Rey Ashfield (born 1959), Uruguayan architectural historian

Edmund Ashfield (Catholic agent)
Edmund Ashfield (1576 – ca. 1620) was an English Catholic from Tattenhoe in Buckinghamshire. In 1599 he travelled to Edinburgh to meet James VI of Scotland. An English diplomat organised his kidnap and rendition in the belief that Ashfield was an agent of James VI and working to further his succession to the English throne.
Emmanuel Iduma
Emmanuel Iduma (born 1 February 1989) is a Nigerian writer and art critic. He is the author of A Stranger's Pose (2018) and Farad (2012). In 2016, Farad was republished in North America as The Sound of Things to Come.  He was awarded the inaugural Irving Sandler Award for New Voices in Art Criticism by the Association Internationale des Critiques d’Art, USA.  He teaches in the MFA Art Writing Program at the School of Visual Arts, New York City.

Nigerian literature
Nigerian literature is a literary writing in Nigeria often by her citizens. It encompasses writers in a number of languages spoken in Nigeria including Igbo, Urhobo, Yoruba, Hausa and Nupe.

Things Fall Apart (1958) by Chinua Achebe is one of the milestones in African literature. Other post-colonial authors have won numerous accolades, including the Nobel Prize in Literature, awarded to Wole Soyinka in 1986, and the Booker Prize, awarded to Ben Okri in 1991 for The Famished Road. Nigerians are also well represented among recipients of the Caine Prize and Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa.
California red-legged frog
The California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) is a species of frog found in California (USA) and northern Baja California (Mexico). It was formerly considered a subspecies of the northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora). The frog is an IUCN near-threatened species as of 2021, has a NatureServe conservation status of Imperiled as of 2015, and is a federally listed threatened species of the United States that is protected by law.

Threatened species
A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of critical depensation, a mathematical measure of biomass related to population growth rate. This quantitative metric is one method of evaluating the degree of endangerment without direct reference to human activity.
1964 Dahomeyan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Republic of Dahomey on 19 January 1964. They followed a coup in October 1963 and a subsequent constitutional referendum on 5 January 1964. The Dahomeyan Democratic Party (PDD) was the only party to contest the elections, and won all 42 seats in the National Assembly. Elections were held in the context of  which took place on 28 October.

The leader of the winning party would automatically become president. As head of the PDD list, Sourou-Migan Apithy was elected who previously served as one of ministers in the post-coup transitional government of Christophe Soglo. Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin was elected as deputy president of the republic and prime minister. He formed a new government on 25 January.

Republic of Dahomey
The Republic of Dahomey (French: République du Dahomey; pronounced [daɔmɛ]), simply known as Dahomey (Fon: Danhomè, lit. 'Belly of the Snake'), was established on 4 December 1958, as a self-governing colony within the French Community. Prior to attaining autonomy, it had been French Dahomey, part of the French Union. On 1 August 1960, it attained full independence from France.

In 1975, the country was renamed Benin after the Bight of Benin (which was in turn named after the Kingdom of Benin which had its seat of power in Benin City, modern-day Nigeria), since "Benin" was deemed politically neutral for all ethnic groups in the state, whereas "Dahomey" recalled the Fon-dominated Kingdom of Dahomey.
Ottawa Gee-Gees men's ice hockey
The Ottawa Gee-Gees men's ice hockey team is an ice hockey team representing the Ottawa Gee-Gees athletics program of the University of Ottawa. The team is a member of the Ontario University Athletics conference and compete in U Sports. The Gee-Gees play their home games at the Minto Sports Complex in Ottawa, Ontario.

Ottawa Gee-Gees
The Ottawa Gee-Gees (French: Gee-Gees d'Ottawa) are the athletic teams that represent the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Ontario.

The Gee-Gees won the national football championship, the Vanier Cup, in 1975 and 2000, while also appearing in the game in the 1970, 1980, and 1997 seasons. The Gee-Gees women's rugby team won the national championship in 2017, and the women's soccer team were national champions in 1996 and 2018. The men's cross country team won three national titles, in 1986, 1987, and 1990.

The men's rugby team will host the 2024 Canadian University Men's Rugby Championship and are granted automatic entry as hosts. They are undefeated at home in 2023 and 2024, and are consistently ranked as a top 10 team in the country.

The men's hockey team will host the 2025 U Sports University Cup from March 20–23, 2025 and are granted automatic entry as hosts. The team finished the 2023–24 season 20–8.
Rajosik Bihar
Rajosik Bihar (also known as, Rajosik) is a sculpture of a horse-drawn carriage made by Mrinal Haque. It is situated in front of the Sheraton Hotel at the junction of Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue and Mintu Road in Dhaka city's Paribagh. It was erected on the theme of the regal tour of Dhaka city with the families of Nawabs and Zamindars. The sculpture was unveiled on 19 January 2008, as part of the beautification project to mark the 400th anniversary of the city of Dhaka, led by city corporation. This was one of sculptures erected by Haque's private funding.

Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue
Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue is a major avenue in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The avenue was formerly known as VIP Road. It starts from Doyal Square at University of Dhaka and ends at Bijoy Sarani Intersection.
Gelligaer
Gelligaer (Welsh: Gelli-gaer; Welsh pronunciation: [ˌɡɛɬɪˈɡaːɨr]) is a community in the County Borough of Caerphilly, Wales, in the Rhymney River valley. As well as the village of Gelligaer, the community also includes the small towns of Hengoed and Ystrad Mynach. The population of the community at the 2011 census was 18,408.

Hengoed
Hengoed (/ˈhɛnɡɔɪd/) is a village on the west side of the Rhymney Valley - between Ystrad Mynach to the south and Cefn Hengoed to the north. Across the valley it looks towards Maesycwmmer.  The village is in the county borough of Caerphilly, in the traditional county of Glamorgan, Wales.

The electoral ward of Hengoed includes the villages of Hengoed and Cefn Hengoed and a part of Tir-y-Berth in the north west. The ward population was recorded at 5,548 in the 2011 census, an increase of 10% over the previous 10 years (2001 = 5,046), due in part to several new-build housing developments in the ward between 2001 and 2011.

The name means 'old wood' in Welsh.
Sweet Basil Jazz Club
Sweet Basil was a jazz club in New York City's Greenwich Village, located at 88 Seventh Avenue South. Founded in 1974 by Sharif Esmat, it was considered among the most prominent New York City jazz clubs of its day. Many jazz albums were recorded live at Sweet Basil, including Cecil Taylor's Iwontunwonsi, McCoy Tyner's Live at Sweet Basil (1989) and Solar: Live at Sweet Basil, and the Jean-Michel Pilc Trio's Together: Live at Sweet Basil. From 1981 to 1992, the club was owned by Phyllis Litoff and her husband Mel Litoff.

The club closed in April 2001.

Cecil Brooks III
Cecil Brooks III (born 1959) is an American jazz drummer and record producer who has worked with Arthur Blythe, Russell Gunn, John Hicks, Andrew Hill, Etta Jones, Houston Person, Roseanna Vitro, Hannibal Lokumbe, and Jimmy Ponder.

A native of the Homewood neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Brooks released a number of albums for Muse and Savant. The jazz club that he started in West Orange NJ – Cecil's – closed in 2012 after 10 years.
Iota Ursae Majoris
Iota Ursae Majoris (ι Ursae Majoris, abbreviated Iota UMa, ι UMa), also named Talitha /ˈtælɪθə/, is a star system in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.14, making it visible to the naked eye and placing it among the brighter members of this constellation. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 47.3 light-years (14.5 parsecs) from the Sun.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
Haussmann–Saint-Lazare station
Haussmann–Saint-Lazare (French pronunciation: [osman sɛ̃lazaʁ]) is a railway station of the Réseau Express Régional (RER) on the Rive Droite in Paris, France. Opened on 14 July 1999 as the provisional western terminus of the new Line E, it is situated beneath Boulevard Haussmann and directly connected to the Gare Saint-Lazare, Auber, as well as a number of Métro stations: Saint-Lazare, Havre–Caumartin, Opéra and Saint-Augustin.

Gare Saint-Lazare
The Gare Saint-Lazare (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ sɛ̃ lazaʁ]; lit. 'Saint Lazarus station'), officially Paris Saint Lazare, is one of the seven large mainline railway station terminals in Paris, France. It was the first railway station built in Paris, opening in 1837. It mostly serves train services to western suburbs, as well as intercity services toward Normandy using the Paris–Le Havre railway. Saint-Lazare is the third busiest station in France, after the Gare du Nord and Gare de Lyon. It handles 290,000 passengers each day. The current station building opened in 1889 and was designed by architect Juste Lisch; the maître d'œuvre (general contractor) was Eugène Flachat.
Propane torch
A propane torch is a tool normally used for the application of flame or heat which uses propane, a hydrocarbon gas, for its fuel and ambient air as its combustion medium. Propane is one of a group of by-products of the natural gas and petroleum industries known as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Propane and other fuel torches are most commonly used in the manufacturing, construction and metal-working industries.

Flame
A flame (from Latin  flamma) is the visible, gaseous part of a fire. It is caused by a highly exothermic chemical reaction made in a thin zone. When flames are hot enough to have ionized gaseous components of sufficient density, they are then considered plasma.
Synergy Aircraft Synergy
The Synergy Aircraft Synergy is a proposed five-seat, single-engine, kit aircraft, designed by John McGinnis of Kalispell, Montana and intended for production by his company, Synergy Aircraft.

The aircraft's closed wing design, termed a "double box tail", is intended to lower induced drag and be stall resistant, along with boundary layer control methods. Many of the details are disclosed in US patent 8657226 .

Kalispell, Montana
Kalispell (/ˈkæləˌspɛl, ˌkæləˈspɛl/,  Montana Salish: Ql̓ispé, Kutenai language: Kqayaqawakⱡuʔnam) is a city in and the county seat of Flathead County, Montana, United States. The 2020 census put Kalispell's population at 24,558.  The latest estimates put the population at 31,296. Among cities in Montana, it is the 8th largest by area, 7th most populous, and 8th fastest growing from 2010 to 2020. In Montana's northwest region, it is the largest city and the commercial center of the Kalispell Micropolitan Statistical Area. The name Kalispell is a Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake".
Zamboanga City's at-large congressional district
Zamboanga City's at-large congressional district is an obsolete congressional district that encompassed the entire Zamboanga City prior to its 2004 reapportionment that took effect in 2007. It existed from 1984 to 2007, when Zamboanga elected a representative city-wide at-large to the Batasang Pambansa and to the restored House of Representatives. Before 1984 when it was granted its own seat in the regular Batasan assembly as a highly-urbanized city, Zamboanga was represented as part of the multi-member Region IX's at-large assembly district for the Interim Batasang Pambansa and was also earlier included in Zamboanga del Sur's at-large congressional district for the Third Philippine Republic congresses. It was last represented by Erico Basilio Fabian of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP).

Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga Peninsula (Cebuano: Lawis sa Zamboanga; Chavacano/Spanish: Península de Zamboanga; Filipino: Tangway ng Zamboanga), designated as Region IX, is an administrative region in Mindanao, Philippines. It consists of the provinces of Sulu, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur, and the cities of Isabela and Zamboanga.

The region was previously known as Western Mindanao. Pagadian serves as the regional center, while Zamboanga City is the region's commercial and industrial center.
Gagik Khachatryan (weightlifter)
Gagik Khachatryan (Armenian: Գագիկ Խաչատրյան, born October 25, 1971, in Pshatavan, Armenian SSR) is an Armenian retired weightlifter. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the men's 85 kg division. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 2001 World Weightlifting Championships.

Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 85 kg
The men's 85 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on September 23.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.
2004–05 Canadian network television schedule
The 2004–05 Canadian network television schedule indicates the fall prime time schedules for Canada's major English broadcast networks. For schedule changes after the fall launch, please consult each network's individual article.

Note: No NHL hockey aired on CBC for the whole television season because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

Autumn
Autumn, also known as fall in North American English, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, beginning in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere). Autumn is the season when the duration of daytime becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the winter solstice in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). One of its main features in temperate climates is the striking change in colour of the leaves of deciduous trees as they prepare to shed.
Fairhall River
The Fairhall River is a river in the Marlborough region of New Zealand. It arises near Blairich Pass and flows north-east to join the Ōpaoa River between Renwick and Blenheim. The locality of Fairhall is east of the river. The river and locality were named in 1847 for a chainman in a survey team in the area.

A vineyard, Fairhall Downs, was established in the river valley in 1982.

Marlborough District
41°53′S 173°40′E﻿ / ﻿41.883°S 173.667°E﻿ / -41.883; 173.667

Marlborough District or the Marlborough Region (Māori: Te Tauihu-o-te-waka, or Tauihu), commonly known simply as Marlborough, is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, located on the northeast of the South Island. It is administered by Marlborough District Council, a unitary authority, performing the functions of both a territorial authority and a regional council. The council is based at Blenheim, the largest town. The unitary region has a population of 50,800 (June 2025). It borders the Nelson Region and Tasman District to the west, and the Canterbury Region to the south.

Marlborough is known for its dry climate, the Marlborough Sounds, and Sauvignon blanc wine. It takes its name from the earlier Marlborough Province, which was named after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an English general and statesman.
Wheaton Precious Metals
Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. is a Canadian multinational precious metals streaming company. It produces over 26 million ounces and sells over 29 million ounces of silver mined by other companies (including Barrick Gold and Goldcorp) as a by-product of their main operations.

Originally named Silver Wheaton, the company changed its name to Wheaton Precious Metals on May 10, 2017.

In 2016, the company reported attributable production totaling 30.4 million ounces of silver and 353,700 ounces of gold, with net earnings of US$195 million on operating cash flows of $584 million.

Zacatecas
Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas.

It is located in north-central Mexico and is bordered by the states of Durango to the northwest, Coahuila to the north, Nayarit to the west, San Luis Potosí and Nuevo León to the east, and Jalisco, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes to the south. The state is best known for its rich deposits of silver and other minerals, its colonial architecture and its importance during the Mexican Revolution. Its main economic activities are mining, agriculture and tourism.
Gulf darter
The gulf darter (Etheostoma swaini) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, and Kentucky. It is a colorful fish, males having vertical barring of red-orange and blue-green near the tail, growing to a length of about 7.8 centimeters (3.1 in). It is typically found in small and medium-sized creeks, often in very shallow water. It occurs over sandy bottoms and among aquatic vegetation such as Sparganium americanum, foraging among the plants and organic debris for insect larvae and small invertebrates. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

Sander (fish)
Sander (formerly known as Stizostedion) is a genus of predatory ray-finned fish in the family Percidae, which also includes the perches, ruffes, and darters. They are also known as "pike-perch" because of their resemblance to fish in the unrelated Esocidae (pike) family. They are the only genus in the monotypic tribe Luciopercini, which is one of two tribes in the subfamily Luciopercinae.

The earliest known fossils of this genus are partial jaw and vertebrae elements from the middle Miocene (Barstovian)-aged Wood Mountain Formation of Saskatchewan, Canada.
1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's doubles
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships women's doubles was the 23rd edition of the women's doubles championship.
Lívia Mossóczy and Agnes Simon defeated Diane Rowe and Ann Haydon in the final by three sets to two.

Ann Jones (tennis)
Ann Shirley Jones (born Adrianne Haydon; 17 October 1938), also known as Ann Haydon-Jones, is an English former tennis and table tennis champion. She won eight Grand Slam tennis championships in her career: three in singles, three in women's doubles and two in mixed doubles. In 2023, she served as a vice president of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.