hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2017–18 Scottish League Cup
The 2017–18 Scottish League Cup  (also known as the Betfred Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 72nd season of Scotland's second-most prestigious football knockout competition.

The format for the 2017–18 competition remained the same as that which was introduced in the previous season's competition.

It began with eight groups of five teams which included all Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) clubs, excluding those competing in Champions League and Europa League qualifiers, as well as the winners of the 2016–17 Highland Football League (Buckie Thistle) and the 2016–17 Lowland Football League (East Kilbride).

The competition was won by Celtic, who beat Motherwell 2–0 in the final on 26 November 2017.

East Kilbride F.C.
East Kilbride Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. They are members of Scottish League Two, the fourth tier of the Scottish football league system.

Formed in 2010 with the intention of bringing senior football to one of Scotland's largest towns, the club initially competed in amateur football before becoming one of the founder members of the Lowland League in 2013. The club became a full member of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) in 2014, entitling them to automatic entry to the Scottish Cup. East Kilbride became a member of the Scottish Professional Football League in 2025 after winning the Pyramid play-offs.
First cattle dip
The first cattle dip is a provincial heritage site in Richmond in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

In 1994 it was described in the Government Gazette as

The first cattle dip to be constructed in South Africa... Built of bricks and mortar; roof of curved corrugated iron sheets supported by gum poles;...This site is one of great significance in the development of stock farming in Southern Africa.

Government Gazette of South Africa
The Government Gazette (Afrikaans: Staatskoerant) is the gazette of record of South Africa. It is the "official organ of Government". The Government Gazette is used by the government as an official way of communicating to the general public.
Solihull Lodge
Solihull Lodge is a residential area of Solihull, England (to the southwest of Shirley), near its border with Birmingham (Yardley Wood and Warstock areas).  The area developed originally from a number of farms which were located near the Mill Pond on Priory Road.  The arrival of the Birmingham–Stratford canal enabled more development, and now the area has a population of around 2,500. The area includes Peterbrook Primary School, The Lodge Public House, Solihull Lodge Community Centre, and local shops Oxhill Road One Stop and Esso Spar.

Shirley, West Midlands
Shirley is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, in the West Midlands, England. Historically a rural settlement within the county of Warwickshire, it is now contiguous with nearby Solihull and Birmingham.
Rovato railway station
Rovato (Italian: Stazione di Rovato) is a railway station serving the town of Rovato, in the region of Lombardy, northern Italy. The station opened on 5 March 1878 and is located on the Milan–Venice railway and Bergamo–Brescia railway. The train services are operated by  Trenord.

The Cremona–Iseo railway passes just north of the station, calling at a separate station Rovato Borgo railway station, before joining the main Milan–Venice railway east of the station. It is on this railway that there is a station close to the centre of Rovato, Rovato Citta railway station.

Milan–Venice railway
The Milan–Venice railway line is one of the most important railway lines in Italy. It connects the major city of Milan, in Lombardy, with the Adriatic Sea at Venice, in Veneto. The line is state-owned and operated by the state rail infrastructure company, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana that classifies it as a trunk line. The line is electrified at 3,000 volts DC.
Ommerstein Castle
Ommerstein Castle (Dutch: Kasteel van Ommerstein) is a castle in the village of Rotem in the municipality of Dilsen-Stokkem, province of Limburg, Belgium.

The history of the castle goes back to the 13th century, but most of the present Neo-classical building dates from the 18th century, although the donjon survives from earlier.

The surrounding park is distinguished by its possession of a number of giant sequoias and cedars of Lebanon, including one believed to be the thickest in Belgium. There are also several ponds round the castle.

Dilsen-Stokkem
Dilsen-Stokkem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɪlsə(n) ˈstɔkɛm]; Limburgish: Dilse-Stokkem; French: Dilsen-Stockem) is a municipality and city located in the Belgian province of Limburg. On 1 January 2018, Dilsen-Stokkem had a total population of 20,454. The total area is 65.61 km² which gives a population density of 312 inhabitants per km².

The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Dilsen, Elen, Lanklaar, Rotem, and Stokkem.
Pietermaritzburg Italian P.O.W. Church
29°38′10″S 30°24′44″E﻿ / ﻿29.63611°S 30.41222°E﻿ / -29.63611; 30.41222
The Pietermaritzburg Italian P.O.W. Church is a provincial heritage site in Pietermaritzburg in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

In 1977 it was described in the Government Gazette as

The church was erected in 1944 by Italian prisoners of war of Camp 4, situated in the outskirts of Pietermaritzburg, and is still used by the Italian community. It is closely associated with the history of the Italian community in South Africa.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Gwangju National Museum
Gwangju National Museum (Korean: 국립광주박물관) is a national museum located in Gwangju, South Korea. The museum opened on December 6, 1978.

The museum has a central hanok-style building and two additional buildings. It has around 130,000 items.

Hanok
A hanok (Korean: 한옥; name in South Korea) or chosŏnjip (조선집; name in North Korea and for Koreans in Yanbian, China) is a traditional Korean house. Hanok were first designed and built in the 14th century during the Joseon dynasty.

Korean architecture considers the positioning of the house in relation to its surroundings, with thought given to the land and seasons. The interior of the house is also planned accordingly. This principle is called baesanimsu (배산임수; 背山臨水), meaning that the ideal house is built with a mountain in the back and a river in the front. Hanok shapes differ by region. In the cold northern regions of Korea, hanok are built in a square with a courtyard in the middle in order to retain heat better. In the south, hanok are more open and L-shaped.
Norwegian Boundary Sediment Plain
The Norwegian Boundary Sediment Plain is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) lying to the northeast of Scotland. The MPA, which covers 164 km2 (63 sq mi),
lies at the very edge of Scottish offshore waters, close to the maritime boundary with Norway. The seabed of the sediment plain consists of sand and gravel habitats, and lies at a depth of between 80 and 120 metres below sea level. The sea bed supports creatures such as starfish, crabs and ocean quahogs. The latter, which are large and slow growing clams, have a lifespan of more than 400 years and are thus considered to be amongst the oldest living animals on Earth.

Arctica islandica
The ocean quahog (Arctica islandica) is a species of edible clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Arcticidae. This species is native to the North Atlantic Ocean, and it is harvested commercially as a food source. This species is also known by a number of different common names, including Icelandic cyprine, mahogany clam, mahogany quahog, black quahog, and black clam.

The typical A. islandica resembles the quahog, but the shell of the ocean quahog is rounder, the periostracum is usually black, and on the interior of the shell, the pallial line has no indentation, or sinus. Unlike the quahog, which lives intertidally and can be collected by clam digging, this species lives subtidally, and can only be collected by dredging. They grow to sizes exceeding 50 mm or two inches shell height. An individual specimen was reported to have lived 507 years, making it the longest-lived non-clonal metazoan whose age was accurately known.
Second Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet
The Second Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 18 September 1922 until 4 August 1925. The cabinet was formed by the political parties General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations (AB), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) after the 1922 general election. The centre-right cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives and was a continuation of the previous Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I. It was the second of three cabinets of Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
Charles Joseph Marie Ruijs de Beerenbrouck (1 December 1873 – 17 April 1936) was a Dutch politician of the Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP). He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 9 September 1918 until 4 August 1925 and from 10 August 1929 until 26 May 1933.
1996 Intercontinental final
The 1996 Intercontinental Final was the eighteenth running of the Intercontinental Final and was the second last qualifying stage for Motorcycle speedway riders to qualify for the 1997 Speedway Grand Prix series. The Final was run on 28 July at the Holsted Speedway Center in Holsted, Denmark

The Intercontinental Final saw a unique situation where 13 of the riders had come from the Scandinavian Final, five more than originally planned. This came about because of the FIM's controversial post-meeting decision to disqualify all bar three riders (Ryan Sullivan, Kelvin Tatum and Mark Lemon) from the Overseas Final in Coventry, England, for not starting the meeting on flat tyres.

Italian rider Valentino Furlanetto would be added to the Intercontinental Final line up as an injury replacement for Mark Lemon, making him the first and only "Continental" rider to ever race in the Intercontinental Final. He scored 1 point from his 5 rides.

Jimmy Nilsen won the event.

Ryan Sullivan
Ryan Geoffrey Sullivan (born 20 January 1975, in Fitzroy, Victoria) is a former Australian international motorcycle speedway rider who has won the Australian Solo Championship, Australian Under-21 Speedway Championship, and Under-16 championships during his career. Sullivan achieved a career best third in the 2002 Speedway Grand Prix, winning two of the ten Grand Prix run during the year.
Cabildo (Cuba)
Cabildos de nación were African ethnic associations created in Cuba in the late 16th century based on the Spanish cofradías (guilds or fraternities) that were organized in Seville for the first time around the 14th century. The Sevillian cofradías had the tutelage of a Catholic saint and were held in the saint’s chapel.

"One of the earliest known Cabildos de nación in Cuba was Mandinga Zape (1568)" The first cabildo on Compostela street in Havana was built in a lot purchased in 1691 by the Arará family. The same lot is still known as el solar de los Arará (the Arará’s lot). At the time the African population in Cuba was not as significant as it was after the 19th century with the sugar boom. Cabildos were organized by slaves belonging to the same ethnic group and became very popular in the urban areas.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.
Churchill Road Hurdle
The Churchill Road Hurdle was a Grade 2 National Hunt hurdle race in Great Britain which was open to horses aged four years or older. It was run at Lingfield Park over a distance of about 2 miles and 3½ furlongs (3,923 metres), and during its running there were ten hurdles to be jumped. It was a limited handicap race, and it took place in January 2006.

The equivalent event in the present National Hunt calendar is the Holloway's Hurdle at Ascot.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
İzmit railway station
Izmit station (Turkish: İzmit garı) is a railway station on the Istanbul-Ankara railway and is the main station in Izmit, Turkey. The station is located on the shore of the Izmit Bay next to the D100 and at the western end of Cumhuriyet avenue.

Izmit station was first opened on 1 August 1873 by the Ottoman government as part of the Constantinople-Izmit railway. The line was then sold to the Anatolian Railway (CFOA) in 1880, which continued to build the line east to Ankara. The Turkish State Railways took over the railway and the station in 1927.

Gulf of İzmit
Gulf of İzmit (Turkish: İzmit körfezi), also referred to as İzmit Bay, is a bay at the easternmost edge of the Sea of Marmara, in Kocaeli Province, Turkey. The gulf takes its name from the city of İzmit. Other cities and towns around the bay are Gebze, Körfez, Gölcük, and Altınova.

In the east–west direction, it extends for a length of about 48 kilometres (30 mi), while in the north–south direction its width varies from 2 to 3 kilometres (1.2 to 1.9 mi) at the narrowest spots to about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) at its widest. The İzmit Bay Bridge is a suspension bridge that bridges the gulf.

The North Anatolian Fault Zone, the most prominent active fault in Turkey and the source of numerous large earthquakes throughout history, passes through the Gulf of İzmit.
Joe Myerscough
Joseph Myerscough (8 August 1893 – 29 July 1975) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Galgate, Lancashire. He played for Lancaster Town, Bradford Park Avenue, and Manchester United.

Lancaster City F.C.
Lancaster City Football Club is an English semi-professional non-League football club based in the northern city of Lancaster, Lancashire. They currently compete in the Northern Premier League Premier Division, the seventh tier of English football, and play at Giant Axe. They are full members of the Lancashire County Football Association.
Horgebest Peak
Horgebest Peak (72°34′S 0°27′E﻿ / ﻿72.567°S 0.450°E﻿ / -72.567; 0.450) is a peak just east of Fred Cirque in the Roots Heights, in the Sverdrup Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Horgebest (mountain beast).

Sverdrup Mountains
The Sverdrup Mountains (Norwegian: Sverdrupfjella) are a group of mountains about 80 km (50 mi) long, standing just west of the Gjelsvik Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 2,855 metres (9,367 ft), Hamartind Peak forms the highest point in the Sverdrup Mountains.
Fugleman
Fugleman (from the German Flügelmann, the man on the Flügel or wing; wingman), properly a military term for a soldier who is selected to act as guide, and posted generally on the flanks with the duty of directing the march in the required line, or of giving the time, etc., to the remainder of the unit, which conforms to his movements, in any military exercise. The word is then applied to a ringleader or one who takes the lead in any movement or concerted movement.

These days it is used for a person who is a staunch advocate, a cheerleader, a publicist, or a mouthpiece.

Fugalman is an alternative, archaic and potentially regional spelling variant used in Australia in the early 19th century.

Flanking maneuver
In military tactics, a flanking maneuver is a movement of an armed force around an enemy force's side, or flank, to achieve an advantageous position over it. Flanking is useful because a force's fighting strength is typically concentrated in its front, therefore, to circumvent an opposing force's front and attack its flank is to concentrate one's own offense in the area where the enemy is least able to concentrate defense.

Flanking can also occur at the operational and strategic levels of warfare.
Coeneo de la Libertad
Coeneo de la Libertad is a town and municipal seat of the Coeneo municipality, located in the north central area of the Mexican state of Michoacán.  The name Coeneo means "place of birds".
19°49′N 101°35′W﻿ / ﻿19.817°N 101.583°W﻿ / 19.817; -101.583

Administrative divisions of Mexico
Mexico is a federal republic composed of 32 federative entities (Spanish: entidades federativas): 31 states and Mexico City. According to the Constitution of Mexico, the states of the federation are free and sovereign in all matters concerning their internal affairs. Since 2016, Mexico City has been a fully autonomous entity on par with the states. Each state federative entity has its own congress and constitution.
Precapillary resistance
Precapillary resistance is the modulation of blood flow by capillaries through vasomotion, either opening (dilating) and letting blood pass through, or by constricting their lumens, reducing bloodflow through the capillary bed (occluding the passage of blood). It is not entirely clear how precapillary resistance is created in many parts of the body. Precapillary sphincters are smooth muscle structures that mediate the precapillary resistance in the mesenteric microcirculation.

Mesentery
In human anatomy, the mesentery is an organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, consisting of a double fold of the peritoneum. It helps (among other functions) in storing fat and allowing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to supply the intestines.

The mesocolon (the part of the mesentery that attaches the colon to the abdominal wall) was formerly thought to be a fragmented structure, with all named parts—the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid mesocolons, the mesoappendix, and the mesorectum—separately terminating their insertion into the posterior abdominal wall. However, in 2012, new microscopic and electron microscopic examinations showed the mesocolon to be a single structure derived from the duodenojejunal flexure and extending to the distal mesorectal layer. Thus the mesentery is an internal organ.
Transmit-after-receive time delay
In telecommunications, transmit-after-receive time delay is the time interval from removal of RF energy at the local receiver input until the local transmitter is automatically keyed on and the transmitted RF signal amplitude has increased to 90% of its steady-state value.  An Exception: High-frequency (HF) transceiver equipment is normally not designed with an interlock between receiver squelch and transmitter on-off key. The transmitter can be keyed on at any time, independent of whether or not a signal is being received at the receiver input.

Squelch
In telecommunications, squelch is a circuit function that acts to suppress the audio (or video) output of a receiver in the absence of a strong input signal. Essentially, squelch is a specialized type of noise gate designed to suppress weak signals. Squelch is used in two-way radios and VHF/UHF radio scanners to eliminate the sound of noise when the radio is not receiving a desired transmission.
Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng
Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng (1868–1948) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Fanestranden near Molde. He finished his secondary education in 1891 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1895. After several years as an attorney in Voss Municipality, he was appointed as an assessor in Kristiania City Court in 1913. In 1929 he was an acting chief justice of that court. He was also a conscript officer in the military, with the rank of captain. Lyng was also admitted into the exclusive skiing-based social club SK Ull in 1915. He was the only new member between 1908 and 1924. He served as manager of the club, overlooking its treasury and secretary functions, from 1919 to 1935.

Together with Marie Aars Kaurin (1870–1951) he had the son Toralf Lyng, a skiing administrator and organizational leader. Ulrik F. L. Lyng died in 1948.

Voss Municipality
Voss (pronunciationⓘ) is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located in the traditional district of Voss. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Vossavangen. Other villages include Bolstadøyri, Borstrondi, Djønno, Evanger, Granvin, Kvitheim, Klyve, Kvitheim, Kyte, Mjølfjell, Nordheim, Oppheim, Stalheim, Vinje, and Ygre.

The 2,042-square-kilometre (788 sq mi) municipality is the 35th largest by area of Norway's 357 municipalities. Voss Municipality is Norway's 77th most populous municipality, with a population of 16,436. Its population density is 8 inhabitants per square kilometre (21/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.2% over the previous 10-year period.
Lulami
Lulami (also Loulami) was the capital of the Dendi of the Songhai Empire. It was established by Askia Nuh, son of Askia Dawud and it is from here the Songhai resistance against the Saadians continued. In 1639, during the reign of Askia Ismail, the Maghrebi Pasha Mesaoud sacked the town of Lulami. The location of this town is unknown but believed to be south of the town of Say in Niger.

Say, Niger
Say (Saayi) is a town in southwest Niger, situated on the Niger River. It is the capital of the Say Department in the Tillabéri Region. Say was a small Songhai town prior to the arrival of the Fulani marabout Alfa Mohamed Diobo in the nineteenth century who converted the town to a center for Islamic learning and established the Emirate of Say. The municipality has 58,290 inhabitants, and its economy is dominated by agriculture, herding and small trade. Today, the inhabitants of Say are mostly Peulh, Songhai and Zarma.