hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC); also known as constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC) is a method for the generation of new molecules formed by reversible reaction of simple building blocks under thermodynamic control. The library of these reversibly interconverting building blocks is called a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL). All constituents in a DCL are in equilibrium, and their distribution is determined by their thermodynamic stability within the DCL. The interconversion of these building blocks may involve covalent or non-covalent interactions. When a DCL is exposed to an external influence (such as proteins or nucleic acids), the equilibrium shifts and those components that interact with the external influence are stabilised and amplified, allowing more of the active compound to be formed.

Chemical stability
In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, in particular a chemical compound or a polymer. Colloquially, it may instead refer to kinetic persistence, the shelf-life of a metastable substance or system; that is, the timescale over which it begins to degrade.

Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or in chemical equilibrium with its environment. This may be a dynamic equilibrium in which individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall number in a particular form is conserved. This type of chemical thermodynamic equilibrium will persist indefinitely unless the system is changed. Chemical systems might undergo changes in the phase of matter or a set of chemical reactions.

State A is said to be more thermodynamically stable than state B if the Gibbs free energy of the change from A to B is positive.
Nationalistische Studentenvereniging
The Nationalistische Studentenvereniging (NSV!) (Dutch; "Nationalist Student Association") is a far-right Flemish nationalist student political group in Belgium, with chapters in Antwerp, Brussels, Ghent, Leuven, West Flanders (including Bruges, Roeselare, Ostend and Kortrijk), Hasselt and Mechelen.

Ostend
Ostend (/ɒstˈɛnd/ ost-END; Dutch: Oostende [oːstˈɛndə] ⓘ West Flemish: Ostende; French: Ostende [ɔstɑ̃d] ⓘ; lit. 'East End') is a coastal city and municipality in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke, Raversijde, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast.
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (abbreviated COC, CPI(ML)) was a communist party in India, one of the main splinter factions of the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). COC, CPI(ML) occupied a middle position between the pro-Charu Majumdar group led by Mahadev Mukherjee and the anti-Majumdar group led by Satyanarayan Singh. Failing to articulate a common ideological position, COC, CPI(ML) soon suffered internal divisions and splits. Two of the splinter groups of COC, CPI(ML) in Andhra Pradesh are predecessors of the present-day Communist Party of India (Maoist).

Satyanarayan Singh (Bihar politician, died 1984)
Satyanarayan Singh (Hindi: सत्यनारायण सिंह, commonly known as SNS) was an Indian communist politician. Singh was one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), being its secretary in Bihar.

Satyanarayan Singh hailed from Bhojpur, Bihar. As of 1948 Singh was an underground cadre of the Communist Party of India.
Giacomo Maccheroni
Giacomo Maccheroni (1 August 1936 – 10 October 2024) was an Italian politician. A member of the Italian Socialist Party, he served as president of the Regional Council of Tuscany from 1983 to 1987 and was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1987 to 1994.

Maccheroni died in Pontedera on 10 October 2024, at the age of 88.

Regional Council of Tuscany
The Regional Council of Tuscany (Italian: Consiglio Regionale della Toscana) is the legislative assembly of Tuscany. It was first elected in 1970, when the ordinary regions were instituted, on the basis of the Constitution of Italy of 1948.
WRVE
WRVE (99.5 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed in Schenectady and serving the Capital District and Upper Hudson Valley in New York. It broadcasts a hot adult contemporary radio format and calls itself "99.5 The River", referring to the Hudson River. The station is owned by iHeartMedia as one of seven radio stations owned by the company in the Albany-Schenectady-Troy radio market.

Studios and offices are at Riverhill Center on Troy-Schenectady Road (NY Route 7) in Latham, New York.  The transmitter is on Pinnacle Road in Helderberg Escarpment tower farm in New Scotland.

WRVE is among the nation's oldest FM radio stations and was the first to broadcast full-time in stereo.

Latham, New York
Latham is a hamlet and census-designated place in Albany County, New York, United States. It is located along U.S. Route 9 in the town of Colonie, a dense suburb north of Albany. In addition, Interstate 87 and NY Route 7 also run through the town itself. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,680. Latham was a census-designated place in the 1970, 1980, and 1990 US Censuses, but ceased to be in the 2000 Census, then became a CDP again in 2020.
Kiliia
Kiliia, Kiliya or Kilia (Ukrainian: Кілія, IPA: [kil⁽ʲ⁾iˈjɑ]; Russian: Килия; Romanian: Chilia Nouă) is a city in Izmail Raion, Odesa Oblast, southwestern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kiliia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Kiliia is located in the Danube Delta, in the historic Bessarabian district of Budjak; across the river lies the town of Chilia Veche (Old Kiliia) in Romania. The Chilia branch of the Danube river, which separates Ukraine from Romania, is named after it. Population: 18,745 (2022 estimate).

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Qianchang railway station
Qianchang railway station (Chinese: 前场站) is a railway station located in Guankou Town (灌口镇), Jimei District, Xiamen City,  Fujian Province, China, on the Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway operated by the Nanchang Railway Bureau, China Railway Corporation.

Xiamen–Shenzhen railway
The Xiamen–Shenzhen railway, also known as the Xiashen railway, (Chinese: 厦深铁路) is a dual-track, electrified, high-speed rail line connecting the major coastal cities of Xiamen in Fujian and Shenzhen in Guangdong. The line has a total length of 502.4 km (312.2 mi) and forms part of China's Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen passenger-dedicated railway. Construction of the Xiashen line began on November 23, 2007, and the line entered into operation on December 28, 2013.

The line is designed for trains running at top speeds of 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph), and reduced travel time between Xiamen and Shenzhen from 11 hours to 3 hours and 40 minutes upon its commencement of operations. The speed of the line was increased, starting on April 10, 2021, resulting in a further reduction in travel time to 2 hours and 30 minutes Currently, CR Guangzhou offers C-train services from Shenzhen North to Shenzhen Pingshan, Huizhou South and Shanwei.
Paninindigan Kita
"Paninindigan Kita" (lit. 'Stand By You') is a song by Filipino folk-pop band Ben&Ben. It was released as a digital single on April 30, 2022, through Sony Music Philippines. Written by lead vocalists and twins Paolo and Miguel Benjamin Guico, the track explains that an ode to a lover who may be hesitant to move forward in their relationship. The music video was directed by Niq Ablao, who previously worked with the band behind "Upuan", and features the band's keyboardist and bassist Pat Lasaten and Agnes Reoma, who are struggling with their feelings for each other and fighting against the odds to maintain their relationship.

The track has received many accolades, with winning Best Pop Recording and Music Video of the Year at the 34th Awit Awards, and Contemporary Folk Song of the Year at the 8th Wish Music Awards.

34th Awit Awards
The 34th Awit Awards were held on November 29, 2021. Indie pop duo Leanne & Naara and folk pop band Ben&Ben led the nominations with seven, and won the awards for Album of the Year and Record of the Year, respectively. The Song of the Year category was awarded to Moira Dela Torre and Jason Marvin's work of "Paubaya".

The ceremony had the theme "Proudly Homegrown", referring to pride and gratitude of the expression, inspiration, growth and strength shown by Original Filipino Music amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The ceremony also awarded thirty-three categories, including two debutants, Best New Artist in a Collaboration and Best Global Recording.
Canoeing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom C-1
These are the results of the men's C-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 2000 Summer Olympics. The C-1 (canoe single) event is raced by one-man canoes through a whitewater course. The venue for the 2000 Olympic competition was in Penrith.

Canoe
A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to distinguish them from kayaks. However, for official competition purposes, the American distinction between a kayak and a canoe is almost always adopted. At the Olympics, both conventions are used: under the umbrella terms Canoe Slalom and Canoe Sprint, there are separate events for canoes and kayaks.
Pyrops watanabei
Pyrops watanabei is a species of planthopper endemic to Taiwan. Pyrops atroalbus was formerly considered a subspecies; its status as a species was reinstated in 2017. P. watanabei was first described by Shōnen Matsumura in 1913 as Fulgora watanabei.

It has a yellow cephalic process with an inflated apex. The abdomen is red ventrally, and the tegmina are mainly white, with three black spots on the leading edge (costal area). The posterior wings may be completely white or have a black apical third. It is about 4 cm (1.6 in) long.

It has been recorded on the plants Triadica sebifera and Sapium discolor.

Shōnen Matsumura
Shōnen Matsumura (松村 松年, Matsumura Shōnen; 5 March  1872 – 7 November 1960) was a Japanese entomologist.

Born in Akashi, Hyōgo, Dr. Shōnen Matsumura established Japan's first course on entomology at Hokkaido University. The courses were both applied (on insects of importance in forestry and agriculture) and theoretical. He named over 1,200 species of Japanese insects and in 1926 he founded the entomological journal Insecta Matsumurana.  Matsumura wrote many scientific papers and books including 6,000 illustrated Insects of Japan-Empire (1931).  He died in Tokyo.

His collection is in Hokkaido University in Sapporo.
Kate Elman Wilcott
Kate Elman Wilcott is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in the 2024 election. She was elected in the riding of Saint John West-Lancaster.

Wilcott was the arts and culture coordinator for the city of Saint John prior to her election.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Stathas
Stathas (Greek: Σταθάς, before 1928: Δούνιστα - Dounista) is a small mountain village and a community in western Greece. It is part of the Inachos municipal unit, Aetolia-Acarnania. The community includes the villages Potamia and Pavliada. The altitude of the village is 640 meters above sea level. The nearest major cities are Agrinio, Amfilochia and Arta.

Arta, Greece
Arta (Greek: Άρτα) is a city in northwestern Greece and the capital of the regional unit of Arta, in the region of Epirus. The city was known in antiquity as Ambracia (Ancient Greek: Ἀμβρακία) and had served as the capital of ancient Epirus. Arta is known for its medieval bridge over the Arachthos River, as well as for its ancient sites from the era of Pyrrhus of Epirus and its well-preserved 13th-century castle. Arta's Byzantine history is reflected in its many Byzantine churches; perhaps the best known is the Panagia Paregoretissa (Mother of God the Consoling), built in about 1290 by Despot Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas.
2006 European Athletics Championships – Men's javelin throw
The Men's Javelin Throw event at the 2006 European Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden had a total number of 24 participating athletes. The final was held on Wednesday August 9, 2006, and the qualifying round on Monday August 7, 2006 with the mark set at 81.00 metres.

2006 European Athletics Championships
The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.
Stocking Springs Wood
Stocking Springs Wood is a 1.1-hectare (2.7-acre) nature reserve between Ayot St Lawrence and Ayot St Peter in Welwyn Hatfield district in Hertfordshire. It is managed by the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust.

The site is hornbeam woodland, and it is divided into sections which are coppiced every sixteen years. Older trees are gnarled in shape as a result. In spring there are bluebells and wild daffodils on the forest floor, and other plants such as wood anemone and early purple orchids are indicators that the woodland is ancient. Breeding birds include nuthatch, great spotted woodpecker and treecreepers.

There is access from Codicote Road west of Hill Farm Lane and from a bridleway from Ayot St Lawrence to Codicote Road.

Ayot St Peter
Ayot St Peter is a village and civil parish in the Welwyn Hatfield district of Hertfordshire, England, about two miles north-west of Welwyn Garden City.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 166. At the 2011 Census the population including the nearby Ayot Green and Ayot St Lawrence was 245.
Walter Page
Walter Sylvester Page (February 9, 1900 – December 20, 1957) was an American jazz multi-instrumentalist and bandleader, best known for his groundbreaking work as a double bass player with Walter Page's Blue Devils and the Count Basie Orchestra.

The Jazz Review
The Jazz Review was a jazz criticism magazine founded by Nat Hentoff and Martin Williams in New York City in 1958. It was published till 1961. Hentoff and Williams were co-editors throughout its brief existence (23 issues).

Many issues of The Jazz Review are available at Jazz Studies Online, which assesses its quality as follows:

While all of the material is of high quality, several features are particularly distinctive: the regular reviews of musicians' work by other musicians; Hentoff's regular column "Jazz in Print", which deals with the politics of the music business as well as of the nation; and the incorporation of a wide range of musical styles and approaches to discussing jazz.

A regular feature of The Jazz Review was "The Blues," a page of transcriptions of the lyrics from blues recordings by a variety of singers, e.g., in the seventh issue:

"Crying Mother Blues," Red Nelson

"Six Cold Feet in the Ground," Leroy Carr

"Patrol Wagon Blues," Henry Allen
1984 Skye and Lochalsh District Council election
Elections to the Skye and Lochalsh District Council took place in May 1984, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's other districts.

Only three seats were contested.  One SDP-Liberal Alliance councillor was elected unopposed for the seat of Glenshiel/Glenelg, the first time any party won representation on the council.

SDP–Liberal Alliance
The SDP–Liberal Alliance was a centrist and social liberal political and electoral alliance in the United Kingdom.

Formed by the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Liberal Party, the SDP–Liberal Alliance was established in 1981, contesting the 1982 United Kingdom local elections, 1983 United Kingdom local elections, 1983 general election, 1984 United Kingdom local elections, 1984 European election,  1985 United Kingdom local elections, 1986 United Kingdom local elections, 1987 United Kingdom local elections and 1987 general election.

The SDP–Liberal Alliance ceased to exist in 1988, when the two component parties merged to form the Social and Liberal Democrats, under which label they stood in the 1988 United Kingdom local elections, later renamed the Liberal Democrats.
Hartmann College
Hartmann College is a co-educational convent institution in Izzatnagar, Bareilly, India, run by the Catholic Minority and recognized by the Department of Education (U.P). It is affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, New Delhi.

The institution is managed and governed by the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin through a registered body, Hartmann Educational Society, Bareilly.

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) is a non-governmental privately held national-level board of school education in India that conducts the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) Examination for Class X and the Indian School Certificate (ISC) for Class XII. G. Immanuel is the current Chairman of CISCE.
Archaeological Museum of Chora
The Archaeological Museum of Chora is a museum in Chora, Messenia, in southern Greece, whose collections focus on the Mycenaean civilization, particularly from the excavations at the Palace of Nestor and other regions of Messenia. The museum was founded in 1969 by the Greek Archaeological Service under the auspices of the Ephorate of Antiquities of Olympia. At the time, the latter included in its jurisdiction the larger part of Messenia.

Palace of Nestor
37°01′38″N 21°41′42″E﻿ / ﻿37.02722°N 21.69500°E﻿ / 37.02722; 21.69500

The Palace of Nestor (Modern Greek: Ανάκτορο του Νέστορα) was an important centre in Mycenaean times, and described in Homer's Odyssey and Iliad as Nestor's kingdom of "sandy Pylos".

The palace featured in the story of the Trojan War, as Homer tells us that Telemachus:

The site is the best preserved Mycenaean Greek palace discovered. The palace is the primary structure within a larger Late Helladic era settlement, once probably surrounded by a fortified wall. The palace was a two-storey building with store rooms, workshops, baths, light wells, reception rooms and a sewage system.

The settlement had been long occupied, with most artifacts discovered dating from 1300 BC. The palace complex was destroyed by fire around 1250 BC.

In June 2016, the site reopened to the public after the roof was replaced by a modern structure with raised walkways for visitors.
Dave Borgonzi
Dave Borgonzi (born November 19, 1982) is an American football coach who currently serves as the linebackers coach for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL). He has previously served as an assistant coach for the Indianapolis Colts, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Chicago Bears, and Dallas Cowboys.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Manila Railroad 200 class
The Manila Railroad 200 class were 2-10-2 Santa Fe steam locomotives operated by the Manila Railroad Company (MRR), predecessor of the Philippine National Railways. They were built alongside the 4-8-2 Mountain-type 170 class by the American Locomotive Company at its Brooks facility between 1921 and 1922. During its service at the MRR, it carried heavy freight trains on the South Main Line between Manila and the Bicol Region.

Four units managed to survive World War II. These locomotives were ultimately scrapped without a single unit preserved like all of the Manila Railroad's tender locomotives.

Meyer locomotive
A Meyer locomotive is a type of articulated locomotive that has two separate bogies, upon which the boiler and firebox swivel. The design was never as popular as the Garratt or Mallet locomotives. It can be best regarded as 19th Century competition for the early compound Mallet and also the Fairlie articulated designs. Most single cab modern trains are of a similar design such as power cars, freight diesel locomotives, and some passenger locomotives.
Raymond Wilkins (rugby)
Raymond "Ray" Wilkins (born 3 October 1950) is a Welsh former professional rugby footballer who played in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He played rugby union for Aberavon RFC and rugby league for Workington Town and Wales, as a fullback.

Aberavon RFC
Aberavon Rugby Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Aberafan) is a rugby union club located in the Welsh town of Port Talbot, though the club's name refers to the older settlement of Aberavon which lies on the western side of the town.

The club was founded in 1876 as Afan Football Club, and changed names several times before settling on Aberavon Rugby Football Club. They joined the Welsh Rugby Union in 1887.
D'Alembert's formula
In mathematics, and specifically partial differential equations (PDEs), d'Alembert's formula is the general solution to the one-dimensional wave equation:

for

It is named after the mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert, who derived it in 1747 as a solution to the problem of a vibrating string.

Ordinary differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable. As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function(s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with partial differential equations (PDEs) which may be with respect to more than one independent variable, and, less commonly, in contrast with stochastic differential equations (SDEs) where the progression is random.
Pete Annis
Peter Annis (born December 17, 1962) is an American curler from Owatonna, Minnesota. He was a member of Team USA at the 2008 World Men's Curling Championship. Annis coached Rich Ruohonen's men's team to victory at the 2019 Americas Challenge, securing a spot for the United States at the 2020 World Men's Championship.
Pete now coaches the National Wheelchair Curling Team athletes, manages program logistics, and pursues approaches that produce results.

2008 World Men's Curling Championship
The 2008 World Men's Curling Championship was held from April 4–13, 2008 at Ralph Engelstad Arena in Grand Forks, North Dakota in the USA. The 12-team tournament took place in the 11,643 seat hockey arena on the grounds of the University of North Dakota.