hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI) is the use of specific MRI sequences as well as software that generates images from the resulting data that uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images. It allows the mapping of the diffusion process of molecules, mainly water, in biological tissues, in vivo and non-invasively. Molecular diffusion in tissues is not random, but reflects interactions with many obstacles, such as macromolecules, fibers, and membranes. Water molecule diffusion patterns can therefore reveal microscopic details about tissue architecture, either normal or in a diseased state. A special kind of DWI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), has been used extensively to map white matter tractography in the brain.

Contrast (vision)
Contrast is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable from a background. Human vision is more sensitive to relative differences than to absolute luminance, so perceived appearance can remain fairly stable despite large changes in illumination.

The maximum contrast of an image is termed the contrast ratio or dynamic range. In images where the contrast ratio approaches the maximum possible for the medium, there is a conservation of contrast. In such cases, increasing contrast in certain parts of the image will necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere. Brightening an image increases contrast in darker areas but decreases it in brighter areas; conversely, darkening the image will have the opposite effect. Bleach bypass reduces contrast in the darkest and brightest parts of an image while enhancing luminance contrast in areas of intermediate brightness.
Charles E. Forbes
Charles Edward Forbes (August 25, 1795 – February 13, 1881) was a justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in 1848. He was appointed by Governor George N. Briggs.

Born in West Bridgewater, Massachusetts, Forbes graduated from Brown University in 1815. He was admitted to the bar in 1818. He was appointed to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in 1848, and resigned a year later.

Forbes was a Mason and Master of the Lodge in 1819 and 1822. He served as a trustee of the Northampton Insane asylum.

He died in Northampton, Massachusetts on February 13, 1881. In his will, he bequeathed $220,000 to the town of Northampton for construction, maintenance, and supply of a public library, with the condition that "no minister of religion is to have anything to do with the management of the institution". The Forbes Library opened in 1894, thirteen years after Forbes' death.

Northampton State Hospital
Northampton State Hospital was a historic psychiatric hospital at 1 Prince Street on top of Hospital Hill outside of Northampton, Massachusetts. The hospital building was constructed in 1856. It operated until 1993, and the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
SRT-3025
SRT-3025 is an experimental drug that was studied by Sirtris Pharmaceuticals as a small-molecule activator of the sirtuin subtype SIRT1. It has been investigated as a potential treatment for osteoporosis, and anemia.

Sirtuin-activating compound
Sirtuin-activating compounds (STAC) are chemical compounds having an effect on sirtuins, a group of enzymes that use NAD+ to remove acetyl groups from proteins. They are caloric restriction mimetic compounds that may be helpful in treating various aging-related diseases.
Free Fire World Series 2023
The Free Fire World Series 2023 (FFWS) was the fifth edition of Free Fire World Series, the annual international Garena Free Fire championship contested by the best teams across the world hosted by Garena.. The tournament took place in November 2023. It was hosted in Bangkok, Thailand. This was the second time when Thailand hosted the tournament, first hosted in November 2022. EVOS Phoenix from Thailand were the defending champions for the tournament.

Garena
Garena is a Singaporean game developer and publisher of free online games. It is the digital entertainment arm of parent company Sea Ltd, which formerly used Garena as the parent company name.

The company distributes game titles on Garena+ in various countries across Southeast Asia and Taiwan, including the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games League of Legends and Heroes of Newerth, the first-person shooter game Point Blank, the mobile MOBA game Arena of Valor and the mobile racing game Speed Drifters. Garena also used to distribute the football simulation game EA Sports FC Online (and EA Sports FC Mobile in Vietnam), until Garena and EA Sports decided to retire the game.

In 2017, it released Free Fire, which had over 150 million daily active users globally by May 2021. As of February 2024, Free Fire had 100 million active users.
Anya Williams
Anya Williams (born 8 October 1980) is a Turks and Caicos Islander politician who is currently serving as Deputy Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands since 15 October 2012.

Williams has a Master of Science in accounting from Florida International University. She has worked as Permanent Secretary in the government's finance office.

Williams was born on Grand Turk Island. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs William Hague appointed Williams to her position, effective 15 October 2012.

Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)
The secretary of state for foreign, commonwealth and development affairs, commonly known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The role is one of the most senior ministers in the UK Government and is a Great Office of State. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and National Security Council, and reports directly to the prime minister.

The officeholder works alongside the other Foreign Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow foreign secretary. The Foreign Affairs Select Committee also evaluates the secretary of state's performance.

The current foreign secretary is Yvette Cooper. She was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.
Dennis Daugaard
Dennis Martin Daugaard (born June 11, 1953) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 32nd governor of South Dakota from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he was the first chief executive of a U.S. state to be the child of deaf parents. Before being elected governor, he was a lawyer, banker, development director for a nonprofit organization; he also served as a state senator from 1997 to 2003 and the 37th lieutenant governor of South Dakota from 2003 to 2011.

Governor of South Dakota
The governor of South Dakota is the head of government of South Dakota. The governor is elected to a four-year term in even years when there is no presidential election.

The current governor is Larry Rhoden, a member of the Republican Party who took office on January 25, 2025 upon Kristi Noem's resignation following her confirmation as Secretary of Homeland Security by the United States Senate.
Tropanserin
Tropanserin (INN; MDL-72,422) is a drug which acts as a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. It was investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of migraine in the 1980s but was never marketed.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
Progreso, Chiriquí
Progreso is a corregimiento in Barú District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.6 square kilometres (21.5 sq mi) and had a population of 11,402 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 205 inhabitants per square kilometre (530/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 13,107; its population as of 2000 was 10,103. Its inhabitants are mainly engaged in planting and harvesting Rice.

Chiriquí Province
Chiriquí, officially the Chiriquí Province (Spanish: Provincia de Chiriquí, pronounced [tʃiɾiˈki]), is a province of Panama located on the western coast; it is the second most developed province in the country, after Panamá Province. Its capital is the city of David. It has a total area of 6,490.9 km2, with a population of 471,071 as of the year 2023.
The province of Chiriquí is bordered to the north by the province of Bocas del Toro, to the west by Costa Rica, to the east by the province of Veraguas, and to the south by the Pacific Ocean, specifically the Gulf of Chiriquí.
Arthur Thibault
Arthur Joseph Thibault (February 21, 1914 – February 22, 1983) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Kinistino from 1959 to 1971 Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member and from 1975 to 1978 as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member and Melfort-Kinistino from 1971 to 1975 as an NDP member in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.

He was born in Bonne Madone, Saskatchewan, the son of Eugene Thibault and Emma McGary, and went on to farm in the Tarnopol district. He served as reeve of Invergordon, as a member of the local school board and as a member of the Saskatchewan Farmers' Union. In 1941, he married Doris Lepine. Thibault was first elected to the Saskatchewan assembly in a 1959 by-election held following the death of Henry Begrand. From 1978 to 1981, he worked at the St. Louis Alcoholism Rehabilitation Centre in Prince Albert.

Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Prince Albert is a small city in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is the third-largest in the province, after Saskatoon and Regina. It is situated near the geographic centre of the province on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River. Often simply referred to as P. A., the city is also known as the "Gateway to the North" since it is the northernmost major urban centre in the province and serves as somewhat of a hub between Saskatchewan's northern communities and larger communities in the south. Prince Albert National Park is located 51 kilometres (32 mi) north of the city and contains a wealth of lakes, forest, and wildlife. The city itself is located in a transition zone between the aspen parkland and boreal forest biomes. Prince Albert is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Prince Albert No. 461, of which it is the seat, but is politically separate.
Tiagba
Tiagba is a village in southern Ivory Coast, on the north shore of Ébrié Lagoon. It is in the sub-prefecture of Jacqueville, Jacqueville Department, Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District. The village is known for its traditional houses built on stilts.

Tiagba was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Jacqueville Department
Jacqueville Department (French: Département de Jacqueville, [depaʁtəmɑ̃ də ʒakvil]) or simply Jacqueville, is a department of Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 80,593, and its seat is the settlement of Jacqueville. The sub-prefectures of the department are Attoutou and Jacqueville.
Miss Universe Germany 2018
The Miss Universe Germany 2018 pageant was held on August 19, 2018 in the Dormero Hotel Bonn in Windhagen. The winner will represent Germany at Miss Universe 2018. The director of the pageant, Kim Kotter has set thirty-two franchise holders to be able to select candidates to represent states and regions of the country.

Kim Kötter
Kim Kötter (born 27 July 1982) is a Dutch director, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Universe Netherlands 2002 and competed at the Miss Universe 2002 pageant where she placed 11th in the preliminaries, missing the top 10 by one spot. She also competed in the Miss Europe 2002 pageant where she placed 3rd runner up. Kötter currently runs her own modelling agency, and is the organizer of the Miss Overijssel, Miss Nederland and Miss Universe Germany beauty pageants. In  2011, Kötter competed on the Dutch version of the television show Fort Boyard.
Sekret
"Sekret" (Albanian: [sɛˈkɾɛt]; transl. "Secret") is a song by Albanian singer-songwriter Ronela Hajati. It was written by Hajati herself and produced by Marko Polo. Musically, it is an Albanian-language upbeat "ethno" pop song with folk instrumentation included in its instrumentation that tells the tale of a forbidden relationship and Hajati's "intense longing for the sexual desire of her love interest to be fulfilled." Originally released as a single on 5 March 2022, it represented Albania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, Italy, after winning the 60th edition of Festivali i Këngës in December 2021.

Diztortion
Raoul Lionel Chen (born 2 November 1984), better known as Diztortion, is a Dutch-born songwriter and record producer, best known for his work with the UK artists Stylo G, Lethal Bizzle, Tinie Tempah and Sigma.

His first notable release was "Soundbwoy" by the Anglo-Jamaican dancehall artist Stylo G. In May 2015, Diztortion had notable success with Lethal Bizzle on "Fester Skank". The song reached number 11 in the OCC UK Charts. The record was also used in the BT Sport advertisement for the UEFA Champions League.
Hadronyche jensenae
Hadronyche jensenae is a species of funnel-web spider in the Atracidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2010 by Australian arachnologist Michael R. Gray. The species epithet honours the author's wife, Greta Jensen Gray.

Michael R. Gray
Michael Robert Blair Gray (25 August 1941 – 28 July 2023) was an arachnologist who specialised in the taxonomy of spiders at the Australian Museum in Sydney with a particular interest in the systematics of Australian funnel-web spiders (Atracidae).
Monster Island (2004 film)
Monster Island is a 2004 made-for-TV horror-comedy in the style of 1950s monster movies. It stars Carmen Electra, Daniel Letterle, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Adam West, C. Ernst Harth, Chelan Simmons, Chris Harrison, Joe Macleod, Alani Vasquez, Alana Husband, Jeff Geddis, Cascy Beddow, and Nick Carter.

Adam West
William West Anderson (September 19, 1928 – June 9, 2017), known professionally as Adam West, was an American actor. He portrayed Batman in the 1960s ABC series of the same name and its 1966 theatrical feature film, reprising the role in various media until 2017. Having made his film debut in the 1950s, West starred opposite Chuck Connors in Geronimo (1962) and The Three Stooges in The Outlaws Is Coming (1965). He also appeared in the science fiction film Robinson Crusoe on Mars (1964).

He voiced parodied versions of himself in the animated television sitcoms Johnny Bravo (1997, 2004), The Fairly OddParents (2003–2008), The Simpsons (1992, 2002), and Family Guy (2000–2017). In the latter, he played Mayor Adam West between the second and seventeenth seasons. He received a television star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2012.
Bob Griffiths (priest)
Robert Herbert (Bob) Griffiths (born 1953) is a Church in Wales priest: he has been Archdeacon of Wrexham since 2014.

He was born in Rhyl. He studied for ordination at Chichester Theological College. After  a curacy in Holywell he was a Chaplain to the Forces from 1979 until 1987. After this he served at Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd, St Asaph and Llanrhos.

Llanrhos
Llanrhos (Welsh for 'church on the moor') is a village in the community of Conwy, in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The village lies between the towns of Conwy and Llandudno. Llanrhos was a civil parish from 1894 until 1974. The area was formerly part of a larger parish called Eglwys Rhos or Eglwysrhos, being an old variant name for the same village. The ancient parish included Deganwy, the Craig-y-Don district of Llandudno, the Little Orme and Penrhyn Bay. The area was in the administrative county of Caernarfonshire prior to 1974.
Žejane
Žejane (Istro Romanian: Jeiăn; Italian: Seiane) is a village in the eastern part of the mountainous Ćićarija area in Istria, in western Croatia. Administratively it belongs to the municipality of Matulji in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. In 2011, the population of Žejane was 130.

Istria
Istria (/ˈɪstriə/ IST-ree-ə; Croatian and Slovene: Istra; Italian and Venetian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; Istro-Romanian: Istria; Latin: Histria; Ancient Greek: Ἱστρία) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy, 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County.
Rudka, Radomsko County
Rudka [ˈrutka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielgomłyny, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Wielgomłyny, 28 km (17 mi) east of Radomsko, and 90 km (56 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko County
Radomsko County (Polish: powiat radomszczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Radomsko, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The county also contains the towns of Przedbórz, lying 31 km (19 mi) east of Radomsko, and Kamieńsk, 16 km (10 mi) north of Radomsko.

The county covers an area of 1,442.78 square kilometres (557.1 sq mi). As of 2006, it had a population of 118,856, out of which the population of Radomsko was 49,152, that of Przedbórz was 3,758, that of Kamieńsk was 2,858, and the rural population was 63,088.
Chirinkotan
Chirinkotan (Russian: Чиринкотан; Japanese 知林古丹島; Chirinkotan-tō) is an uninhabited volcanic island located in the centre of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language for "mudslide". It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) west of Ekarma, its nearest neighbor.

Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north. Its northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named for the port of Okhotsk, itself named for the Okhota River.
Grasmere, British Columbia
Grasmere, British Columbia, Canada elevation 869m, is a hamlet in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia within the Regional District of East Kootenay, British Columbia. It is located on the east side of Lake Koocanusa, below the mouth of the Elk River, and to the southeast of the city of Cranbrook, and 15 km north of the Canada–United States border and the state of Montana. The city of Fernie is located nearby further up the Elk River.

There are 150 people living in Grasmere, and most of them work in the adjacent mining, agricultural, or forestry sectors. Grasmere is located within the Galton mountain range of the Canadian Rockies. The area is served by one school, Grasmere Elementary School. The name of the community was provided by a student, Warren Lancaster, in a competition in the early 20th century. It is named after the town of Grasmere in northern England's Lake District.

Cranbrook, British Columbia
Cranbrook (/ˈkrænbrʊk/ KRAN-bruuk) is a city in southeast British Columbia, Canada, located approximately 10 km southwest of the confluence of the Kootenay River and the St. Mary's River. It is the largest urban centre in the region known as the East Kootenay. As of 2021, Cranbrook's population is 20,499 with a census agglomeration population of 27,040. It is the location of the headquarters of the Regional District of East Kootenay and also the location of the regional headquarters of various provincial ministries and agencies, notably the Rocky Mountain Forest District.

Cranbrook is home to the Canadian Museum of Rail Travel which presents static exhibits of passenger rail cars built in the 1920s for the CPR and in the 1900s for the Spokane International Railway.
LV Sandals
"LV Sandals" is a song by English rappers EsDeeKid, Fakemink and Rico Ace, released on 6 February 2025 as the lead single from EsDeeKid's debut studio album Rebel (2025). It went viral on the video-sharing app TikTok, following which it became one of his breakout hits along with his songs "Phantom" and "4 Raws".

Rebel (EsDeeKid album)
Rebel is the debut studio album by British rapper EsDeeKid, released on 20 June 2025 through XV Records and Lizzy Records. It features guest appearances from rappers Rico Ace, Fakemink and Fimiguerrero. The production was entirely handled by Wraith9. By the end of November 2025, Rebel became the most streamed hip-hop album in the world on Spotify.
LigD
LigD is a multifunctional ligase/polymerase/nuclease (3'-phosphoesterase) found in bacterial non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair systems. It is much more error-prone than the more complex eukaryotic system of NHEJ, which uses multiple enzymes to fill its role. The polymerase preferentially use rNTPs (RNA nucleotides), possibly advantageous in dormant cells.

The actual architecture of LigD is variable.

The LigD homolog in Bacillus subtilis does not have the nuclease domain.

LigD with its ligase domain artificially removed can perform its function (with loss of fidelity) with a separate LigC acting as the ligase.

The LigD homolog in the archaeon Methanocella paludicola is broken into three single-domain proteins sharing an operon.

Nuclease
In biochemistry, a nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds that link nucleotides together to form nucleic acids. Nucleases variously affect single and double stranded breaks in their target molecules. In living organisms, they are essential machinery for many aspects of DNA repair. Defects in certain nucleases can cause genetic instability or immunodeficiency. Nucleases are also extensively used in molecular cloning.

There are two primary classifications based on the locus of activity. Exonucleases digest nucleic acids from the ends. Endonucleases act on regions in the middle of target molecules. They are further subcategorized as deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases. The former acts on DNA, the latter on RNA.
Holzapfel Knows Everything
Holzapfel Knows Everything (German: Holzapfel weiß alles) is a 1932 German comedy film directed by Victor Janson and starring Felix Bressart, Iván Petrovich and Gretl Theimer. It was shot at the Grunewald Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacek Rotmil.

Grunewald (locality)
Grunewald (German: [ˈɡʁuːnəˌvalt] ⓘ) is a locality within the Berlin borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Until 2001 administrative reform it was part of the former district of Wilmersdorf.

Grunewald forest lies partly within the locality and is Berlin's largest green area. Next to Lichterfelde West, Dahlem and Westend, it is part of the affluent Berlin "Villenbogen", a row of suburbs completely made up of 19th century mansions.