hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruhama
Ruhama (Hebrew: רֻחָמָה) is a kibbutz in the Negev desert in southern Israel. The original settlement, established in 1912, is considered the first modern Jewish settlement in the Negev. Located around ten kilometres east of Sderot and surrounded by a nature reserve, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 765.

Sderot
Sderot (Hebrew: שְׂדֵרוֹת, pronounced [sdeˈʁot], lit. 'boulevards'; Arabic: سديروت, sometimes Romanized as "Sederot") is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District of Israel. In 2023, it had a population of 35,477.

Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza (the closest point is 840 m (2,760 ft)), and is notable for having been a major target of Qassam rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip. Between 2001 and 2008, rocket attacks on the city killed 13 people, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life. Although rocket fire subsided after the Gaza War (2008–09), the city has come under rocket attack on occasion since that time.

In 2024, Sderot was chosen to serve as a model for Israeli cities in the implementation of urban forestry ideas.
1996 Arizona Republican presidential primary
The 1996 Arizona Republican presidential primary took place on February 27, 1996, as one of the Republican Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 1996 United States presidential election. Creator of Forbes, Steve Forbes, defeated Bob Dole, Pat Buchanan, and Lamar Alexander in a close primary. Forbes won with a 3.7% margin and would make Arizona one of only two states he would win in the primaries (the other being Delaware).

1996 Republican Party presidential primaries
From January 29 to June 4, 1996, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1996 United States presidential election. Senator Bob Dole of Kansas, the former Senate majority leader and previous vice presidential nominee, was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1996 Republican National Convention held from August 12 to 15, 1996, in San Diego, California. Dole resigned from the Senate in June 1996 once he became the presumptive nominee to concentrate on his presidential campaign. He chose Jack Kemp as his running mate.

Dole and Kemp went on to lose to President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore by a severe margin, thereby making this the only Republican presidential primary within the span from 1968 to 2004 in which the Republican nominee had never been nor ever became president.
Herning
Herning (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhɛɐ̯ne̝ŋ]) is a Danish town in the Central Denmark Region of the Jutland peninsula. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Herning Municipality. Herning has a population of 51,782 (1 January 2025) including the suburbs of Tjørring, Snejbjerg, Lind, Birk, Hammerum, and Gjellerup, making Herning the 12th most populous urban area in Denmark.

Urban areas in Denmark
The population is measured by Statistics Denmark for urban areas (Danish: byområder or bymæssige områder), which is defined as a contiguous built-up area with a maximum distance of 200 m between houses, unless further distance is caused by public areas, cemeteries or similar reasons. Furthermore, to obtain by-status, the area must have at least 200 inhabitants. Some urban areas in Denmark have witnessed conurbation and grown together.
Wanda Grażyna Gałecka-Szmurło
Wanda Grażyna Gałecka-Szmurło (21 August 1899 in Warsaw – 10 January 1993) was a Polish lawyer, independence and social activist. She was the second woman in Poland who was entered on the list of lawyers.

She conducted intensive social and journalistic activities in the field of law, she also participated in legislative works in the field of matrimonial property law. Advocate Wanda Grażyna Szmurło was appointed by the Minister of National Defense Janusz Onyszkiewicz (by order of 3 July 1992) a second lieutenant in the Polish Army.

Janusz Onyszkiewicz
Janusz Adam Onyszkiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjanuʂ ɔnɨʂˈkʲɛvʲitʂ], born 18 December 1937) is a Polish mathematician, alpinist and politician, who served as Minister of Defence twice, in the cabinets of Hanna Suchocka (1992–1993) and Jerzy Buzek (1997–2000).

Later in his career, Onyszkiewicz was a Member of the European Parliament.
Hatch's Minnesota Cavalry Battalion
Hatch's Independent Battalion of Minnesota Cavalry or Hatch's Battalion was a Minnesota USV cavalry battalion that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and American Indian Wars. The unit was primarily made up of volunteers from the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin, as well as volunteers from the Dakota Territory and Canada.

United States Volunteers
United States Volunteers (also called U.S. Volunteers, U.S. Volunteer Army, among other variations) were military volunteers called upon during wartime to help the United States Army. They were separate from the Regular Army and the militia.

Until the Militia Act of 1903, the land forces of the United States were divided into three organizations:

The Regular Army, which was the permanent military establishment of the United States in peace and war.

The militia of states and territories, when called into the service of the United States.

Volunteer forces that the Congress of the United States authorized to be organized for a limited time period as an adjunct to the Regular Army in time of emergencies.
Sarcostroma
Sarcostroma is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae. Most species of this genus are saprobes, endophytes or pathogens on leaves (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b, Norphanphoun et al. 2015, Farr & Rossman 2019).

The type species is Sarcostroma berkeleyi Cooke.

Pathogenic fungus
Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organisms. Although fungi are eukaryotic, many pathogenic fungi are microorganisms. Approximately 300 fungi are pathogenic to humans; their study is called "medical mycology". Fungal infections are estimated to kill more people than either tuberculosis or malaria—about two million people per year.

In 2022 the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of fungal pathogens which should be a priority for public health action.

Markedly more fungi are pathogenic to plant life than those of the animal kingdom. The study of fungi and other organisms pathogenic to plants is called plant pathology.
Morgan Hector Phillips
Morgan Hector Phillips (14 March 1885 – 3 March 1953) was a Welsh headmaster and educationalist, who served as headmaster of Ruthin School from 1930 to 1935.

Phillips, who was the son of the rector of Radyr, Glamorgan, Wales, was born on 14 March 1885. He was educated at Christ College, Brecon and was then a classical scholar at Jesus College, Oxford (graduating in 1911).  He was a teacher in East Grinstead, at University College School in London, and at Charterhouse.  He served as an officer in the Royal Fusiliers (1914) and the Royal Army Service Corps (1915 to 1919).  He was appointed as Rector of the Royal College, Mauritius and a member of the Colonial Civil Service in 1923, working also as head of the Secondary Education Department of the island.  In 1930, he was appointed as headmaster of Ruthin School, Wales, resigning in 1935 apparently through ill-health.  Thereafter, he moved to London and was a director of various companies.  He died on 3 March 1953.

East Grinstead
East Grinstead (/ˈɡrɪnstɛd, -stɪd/) is a town in West Sussex, England, near the East Sussex, Surrey, and Kent borders, 27 miles (43 km) south of London, 21 miles (34 km) northeast of Brighton, and 38 miles (61 km) northeast of the county town of Chichester. Situated in the northeast corner of the county, bordering Surrey, the civil parish has an area of 2,443.45 hectares (6,037.9 acres). The population at the 2011 Census was 26,383.

Nearby towns include Crawley and Horley to the west, Tunbridge Wells to the east and Redhill and Reigate to the northwest. The town is contiguous with the village of Felbridge to the northwest. Until 1974 East Grinstead was in East Sussex, before joining with Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill as the Mid-Sussex district of West Sussex.

The town is on the Greenwich Meridian. It has many historic buildings, and the Weald and Ashdown Forest lie to the south-east.

The name Grinstead derives from the Old English grēnestede meaning 'green place'.
Hansbrough
Hansbrough is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Hansbrough (born 1987), American professional basketball player who played for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, brother of Tyler Hansbrough

Henry C. Hansbrough (1848–1933), American politician

Tyler Hansbrough (born 1985), American NBA player, brother of Ben Hansbrough

Henry C. Hansbrough
Henry Clay Hansbrough (January 30, 1848 – November 16, 1933) was a United States politician who served as the first United States representative from North Dakota, as well as a senator from North Dakota.
Rob Phillis
Rob Phillis (born 27 April 1956) is a retired motorcycle road racer from Australia. He began his motorcycling career competing in dirt bike and motocross events before crossing over to road racing in 1974. He won the Australian Superbike and Australian Endurance title in 1987 and also won the Australian 1000cc title in 1989 riding a ZXR750 Kawasaki winning himself a sponsorship from Team Kawasaki Australia in the 1990 Superbike World Championship.

Phillis began competing at the international level full-time, finishing third overall in 1991 and 1992 on a Kawasaki. In his career, he totalled 4 wins, 23 other podiums, 3 poles and 6 fastest laps. He remained close friends with Aaron Slight, his teammate at the time, and was Slight's first visitor following his near-fatal brain problem in 2000. Phillis retired from top-level racing in 1998 at the age of 42.

1992 Superbike World Championship
The 1992 Superbike World Championship was the fifth FIM Superbike World Championship season. The season started on 5 April at Albacete and finished on 25 October at Manfeild after 13 rounds.

Doug Polen won the riders' championship with 9 victories and Ducati won the manufacturers' championship.
Richmond, Oregon
Richmond is an unincorporated community in Wheeler County, in the U.S. state of Oregon.  Richmond lies on Richmond Road southeast of its intersection with Oregon Route 207 between Mitchell and Service Creek. The community had a post office from 1899 to 1952.

R. N. Donnelly gave the community its name in response to an argument with another pioneer resident, William Walters, about where to build a school. Donnelly called Walters "Jeff Davis" because he viewed Walters as rebellious and associated him with the rebels of the Confederate States of America and their president Jefferson Davis. Donnelly named the site "Richmond" after the capital city of the Confederacy.

Buildings in Richmond included the school, a store, a Methodist Church, an Independent Order of Odd Fellows hall, and several homes, all later abandoned. In 1901 nearly 450 people attended the annual meeting of the Wheeler County Pioneer Association in Richmond.

Oregon Route 207
Oregon Route 207 is an Oregon state highway running from U.S. Route 26 in Mitchell to U.S. Route 730 near Cold Springs Junction.  OR 207 is 152.30 miles (245.10 km) long and runs north–south.

Part of OR 207 is included in the Blue Mountain Scenic Byway.
Pompierre, Terre-de-Haut
Pompierre (French pronunciation: [pɔ̃pjɛʁ] ⓘ, Antillean Creole: Ponpiè) is a neighbourhood (quartier) of Terre-de-Haut Island, located in the French commune of Terre-de-Haut, Saintes, Guadeloupe, the Caribbean. It is located in the northeastern part of the island. The Pompierre Beach is situated on this quarter.

Antillean Creole
Antillean Creole (also known as Lesser Antillean Creole, Kreyol, or Patois) is a creole language that is primarily spoken in the Lesser Antilles. Its grammar and vocabulary include elements of Indigenous languages, African languages, French, and English.
Odampokki River
Odampokki is a distributary of Vettar River flowing in the Tiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This river originates near the Engan village and passes through Thiruvarur town. Valavaikkal River branches off from Odampokki river near Ammaiyappan village.

Distributary
A distributary, or a distributary channel is a stream channel that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. It is the opposite of a tributary, a stream that flows towards and into another stream or river. Distributaries are a result of river bifurcation and are often found where a river approaches a lake or an ocean and divides into distributary networks; as such they are a common feature of river deltas. They can also occur inland, on alluvial fans, or where a tributary stream bifurcates as it nears its confluence with a larger stream. In some cases, a minor distributary can divert so much water from the main channel that it can later become the main route.
Aliʻi of Koʻolau
The Aliʻi of Koʻolau were the rulers of Koʻolau Range on the island of Oahu, in ancient Hawaii. Ancient Hawaiians believed that the Chiefs of Koʻolau were the descendants of the god named Wākea. Chiefs could have different noble ranks; those who were born from the unions of full siblings had the highest known rank. The first ruler of Koʻolau was High Chief Kalehenui.

Wākea
In the Hawaiian religion, Wākea, the Sky father, weds Papahānaumoku, the earth mother. The two are considered the parent couple of the ruling chiefs of Hawaii.

Wākea was the eldest son of Kahiko ("Ancient One"), who lived in Olalowaia. He is  the ancestor of the aliʻi (nobility of Hawaii), the ruling class that make up the aristocracy known as the noho ali‘i o Hawai‘i (ruling chiefs of Hawai‘i). Wākea is the grandson of Welaahilaninui. The priests and common people come from his brothers, one of whom was called Makuʻu.

Wākea means expansive space, zenith, or heaven and Papa means foundation or surface; together, they create a symbol of land and sky or heaven and earth. Departed souls were believed to travel to the home of Wākea. If they proved themselves pure, they would remain in his realm's comfort, but if otherwise they were sent to Lua-o-Milu.

Wākea's first high priest was called Komoʻawa.

When Wākea was on Earth in ancient times, he was a High Chief.
Grzegorz Polaczyk
Grzegorz Polaczyk (born 2 July 1985 in Nowy Sącz) is a Polish slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 2001 to 2014.

He won two medals in the K1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a silver in 2013 and a bronze in 2006. He also won two golds, two silvers and a bronze in the same event at the European Championships.

Polaczyk finished seventh in the K1 event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

He has four brothers (Mateusz, Rafał, Henryk and Łukasz) and two sisters (Joanna Mędoń and Iwona) all of whom have competed in canoe slalom.

Nowy Sącz
Nowy Sącz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈsɔnt͡ʂ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Újszandec; Yiddish: צאַנז, romanized: Tsanz; Slovak: Nový Sonč) is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County as a separate administrative unit. With a population of 83,116 as of 2021, it is the largest city in the Beskid Sądecki Region as well as the third most populous city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
Murda Beatz
Shane Lee Lindstrom (born February 11, 1994), known professionally as Murda Beatz, is a Canadian record producer. Working predominantly in hip-hop and trap music, he has produced hit songs and albums for various musical acts  since 2011. His credits include the singles "Butterfly Effect" by Travis Scott, "Back on Road" by Gucci Mane, "Nice for What" by Drake, and "Motorsport" by Migos. He is best known for his guest appearance alongside Nicki Minaj on 6ix9ine's 2018 single "Fefe", which peaked at number three on both the Canadian Hot 100 and US Billboard Hot 100.

Lindstrom signed with Interscope Records to release his 2019 debut single, "Shopping Spree" (featuring Lil Pump and Sheck Wes). He has also released collaborative singles or mixtapes with artists including Smokepurpp, MadeinTYO, 24hrs, G Herbo, and PnB Rock, among others. His producer tag utters "Murda on the beat so it's not nice!", for which he is frequently recognized.

24hrs (rapper)
Robert Dozier Davis III (born December 1, 1990), known professionally as 24hrs, is an American singer and rapper. He is best known for his 2016 single "What You Like" (featuring Ty Dolla Sign and Wiz Khalifa). He is the older brother of American rapper MadeinTYO.
Divashtich
Divashtich (also spelled Devashtich, Dewashtich, and Divasti), was a medieval Sogdian ruler in Transoxiana during the period of the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. He was the ruler of Panjikant and its surroundings from ca. 706 until his downfall and execution in the autumn of 722. Panjikant reached the height of its prosperity during his rule.

Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
Suzanne Fink
Suzanne Fink (born as Suzanne Koch, also known as Suzanne Fink-Koch) is a former German curler and curling coach.

She is a former World champion (1988) and two-time European champion (1984, 1987). She competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport.

European Curling Championships
The European Curling Championships are annual curling tournaments held in Europe between various European nations. The European Curling Championships are usually held in early to mid December. The tournament also acts as a qualifier for the World Championships, where the top eight nations qualify. Starting in the 2026–27 curling season, the event changed into a standalone event, where the top 10 European member associations in previous season’s World Championships qualify.

In November 1974, a six-nations tournament was held in Zürich, Switzerland which included Switzerland, Sweden, Germany, France, Italy, and Norway. In March 1975, it was decided that the championships would be competed in December.  At the semi-annual general meeting in Gävle, Sweden in April 2004, a new competition called the European Mixed Curling Championships was formed.
Archaeometallurgical slag
Archaeometallurgical slag is slag discovered and studied in the context of archaeology. Slag, the byproduct of iron-working processes such as smelting or smithing, is left at the iron-working site rather than being moved away with the product. As it weathers well, it is readily available for study. The size, shape, chemical composition and microstructure of slag are determined by features of the iron-working processes used at the time of its formation.

Magnetite
Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe2+Fe3+2O4. It is one of the oxides of iron, and is ferrimagnetic; it is attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become a permanent magnet itself. With the exception of extremely rare native iron deposits, it is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals on Earth.  Naturally magnetized pieces of magnetite, called lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron, which is how ancient peoples first discovered the property of magnetism.

Magnetite is black or brownish-black with a metallic luster, has a Mohs hardness of 5–6 and leaves a black streak. Small grains of magnetite are very common in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

The chemical IUPAC name is iron(II,III) oxide and the common chemical name is ferrous-ferric oxide.
Richard Bachman (ice hockey)
Richard Harrison Bachman (born July 25, 1987) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently the goaltending coach for the Iowa Wild of the American Hockey League (AHL). He played two seasons of college ice hockey at Colorado College before enjoying a career in the National Hockey League with the Dallas Stars, Edmonton Oilers and the Vancouver Canucks. Bachman was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, but grew up in Highlands Ranch, Colorado.

Highlands Ranch, Colorado
Highlands Ranch is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Douglas County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Highlands Ranch CDP was 105,631 at the 2020 census, making it the largest community in Douglas County and the most populous unincorporated community in Colorado. The Highlands Ranch Metropolitan District provides services to the community, which lies in ZIP Codes 80126, 80129, 80130, and 80163 (for post office boxes).
Winthrop Young
Winthrop Young (September 18, 1817 – July 10, 1896) was a politician from the U.S. State of Minnesota.

Young was born in Waterford, Vermont in 1817. In 1861, he moved to St. Anthony, Minnesota.

In 1864, he attended the Democratic State Convention of Minnesota. In 1868, he was the mayor of St. Anthony. In 1871 he was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Minnesota. During the campaign, he often resorted to personal attacks and insults against his opponent, Horace Austin. In late October 1871, he alleged that Austin had accepted a bribe of "several thousand dollars" to pass a bill.

Governor of Minnesota
The governor of Minnesota is the head of government of the state of Minnesota, leading the state's executive branch. Forty people have been governor of Minnesota, and previously three of Minnesota Territory. Alexander Ramsey, the first territorial governor, also served as state governor several years later.  State governors are elected to office by popular vote; territorial governors were appointed to the office by the United States president. The current governor of Minnesota is Tim Walz of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL), affiliated with the Democratic Party.
Before the Fall
Before the Fall can refer to:

Before the Fall (2004 film), a German film

Before the Fall (2008 film), a Spanish thriller film

Before the Fall (2015 film), a Cambodian film

"Before the Fall" (song), a song by Another Animal

Attack on Titan: Before the Fall, a light novel and manga

Before the Fall (2008 film)
Before the Fall (Spanish: 3 días; transl. '3 Days') is a 2008 Spanish thriller film with apocalyptic themes directed by F. Javier Gutiérrez which stars Víctor Clavijo, Mariana Cordero, and Eduard Fernández.
Uthman Air Base
Uthman Air Base is a Air base of the Egyptian Air Force located north of the Siwa Oasis, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt.

The base is home to 26 Squadron with the Air Tractor AT-802, as part of 102 Tactical Air Wing of 149 Air Division, 22 Squadron with CAIG Wing Loong II as part of 702 Air Wing or 129 Air Division and a detachment from 13 Squadron with the Mil Mi-17V-5, part of 547 Air Wing of 119 Air Division.

Air Tractor AT-802
The Air Tractor AT-802 is an American agricultural aircraft that may also be adapted into fire-fighting or armed versions. It first flew in the United States in October 1990 and is manufactured by Air Tractor. The AT-802 carries a chemical hopper between the engine firewall and the cockpit. In the U.S., it is considered a Type III SEAT, or Single Engine Air Tanker.