hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kirkstone Pass
Kirkstone Pass is a mountain pass in the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. It is at an altitude of 1,489 feet (454 m).

It is the District's highest pass traversed by road; the A592 between Ambleside in Rothay Valley and Patterdale in Ullswater Valley. The road gradient approaches 1 in 4. The picturesque view down into Patterdale has Brothers Water as its focal point.

The Kirkstone Pass Inn stands close to the summit. Once a vital coaching inn, it now caters primarily for tourists. It is the third-highest public house in England.

Ordnance datum
An ordnance datum (OD) is a vertical datum used by an Ordnance Survey as the basis for deriving altitudes on maps. A spot height may be expressed as above ordnance datum (AOD). Usually mean sea level (MSL) at a particular place is used for the datum.
Gerard S. Naples
Gerard S. Naples (September 10, 1937 – April 9, 2018) was an American politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly as a Democrat from the 15th Legislative District from 1982 to 1992. A lifelong resident of Trenton, he graduated from Trenton Junior College (now Mercer County Community College), Rider College, and Trenton State College (now The College of New Jersey) earning various degrees in education-related fields. While in the Assembly, he was chair of the Assembly Education Committee and vice-chair of the Joint New Jersey Senate–Assembly Committee on Public Schools.

In the 1991 general election for the Assembly, Naples lost his seat coming in fourth place behind fellow incumbent Democrat John S. Watson and Republican challengers John W. Hartmann and Channell Wilkins. He died on April 9, 2018, in Trenton at the age of 80.

The College of New Jersey
The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) is a public university in Ewing Township, New Jersey. It is part of New Jersey's public system of higher education. Established in 1855 as the New Jersey State Normal School, TCNJ was the first normal school, or teaching college, in the state of New Jersey and the fifth in the United States. It was originally located in Trenton proper and moved to its present location in adjacent Ewing Township during the early to mid-1930s. Since its inception, TCNJ has undergone several name changes, the most recent being the 1996 change from "Trenton State College" to its current name.

The institution is organized into seven schools, all of which offer bachelor's degree programs and several of which offer master's degree programs. Emphasis is placed on liberal arts education via the college's general education requirements. Much of TCNJ is built in Georgian colonial revival architecture style on a 289-acre (117 ha) tree-lined campus.
Volcanology
Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism).   The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan.  Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire.

A volcanologist is a geologist who studies the eruptive activity and formation of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting or forecasting eruptions, like predicting earthquakes, could save many lives.

Vulcan (mythology)
Vulcan (Latin: Vulcanus, in archaically retained spelling also Volcanus, both pronounced [wʊɫˈkaːnʊs]) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth. He is often depicted with a blacksmith's hammer. The Vulcanalia was the annual festival held August 23 in his honor. His Greek counterpart is Hephaestus, the god of fire and smithery. In Etruscan religion, he is identified with Sethlans.

Vulcan belongs to the most ancient stage of Roman religion: Varro, the ancient Roman scholar and writer, citing the Annales Maximi, records that king Titus Tatius dedicated altars to a series of deities including Vulcan.
Fringe gene
Fringe genes are important in the workings of the notch signaling pathway.

In Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) the fringe gene (fng) was identified as part of the notch mechanism by Dr. Kenneth Irvine at the Waksman Institute at Rutgers. Later based on similarity, the manic fringe (MFNG), the radical fringe (RFNG) and lunatic fringe (LFNG) genes were identified in mammals.

Fringe genes encode O-fucose specific β-1,3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAcT) glycosyltransferases.

The gene products of radical fringe stimulate the Apical Ectodermal Ridge in limb-bud formation.

The mouse and human Fringe family members map to three different chromosomes:

Mfng maps to mouse Chr 15 and to human Chr 22.

Lfng maps to mouse Chr 5 and human Chr 7.

Rfng maps to mouse Chr 11 and human Chr 17.

Chromosome 17
Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 17 spans more than 84 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 2.5 and 3% of the total DNA in cells.

Chromosome 17 contains the Homeobox B gene cluster.
Quiet Internet Pager
QIP (/ˈkwɪp/; an acronym for Quiet Internet Pager) was a multiprotocol instant messaging client. It was a closed source freeware program originally developed by Ilgam Zyulkorneev. In 2008 it was bought by RosBusinessConsulting media group and named most popular RBC service in 2009.

CommuniGate Pro
CommuniGate Pro (CGatePro) is a highly scalable carrier grade unified communications server, as well as a development platform. The system is Internet Protocol based. The server is a single process, multi-threaded application written entirely in C++. APIs are available for authentication, helper applications and directory services.
Paritta
Paritta (Pali), generally translated as "protection" or "safeguard," refers to the specific Buddhist verses and discourses recited in order to ward off misfortune or danger, as well as to the practice of reciting the verses and discourses. The practice of reciting or listening to the paritta suttas began very early in the history of Buddhism.

Pali literature
Pali literature is concerned mainly with Theravada Buddhism, of which Pali (IAST: pāl̤i) is the traditional language. The earliest and most important Pali literature constitutes the Pāli Canon, the authoritative scriptures of Theravada school.

Pali literature includes numerous genres, including Suttas (Buddhist discourses), Vinaya (monastic discipline), Abhidhamma (philosophy), poetry, history, philology, hagiography, scriptural exegesis, and meditation manuals.
Fritz von Friedl (cinematographer)
Fritz von Friedl (1901–1971) was an Austrian cinematographer. He worked frequently on newsreels and documentary, including many during the Second World War for the Wehrmacht.

He was the father of the actor Fritz von Friedl and actress Loni von Friedl.

He was the grandfather of actor Christoph von Friedl.

Newsreel
A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema, newsreels were a source of current affairs, information, and entertainment for millions of moviegoers. Newsreels were typically exhibited preceding a feature film, but there were also dedicated newsreel theaters in many major cities in the 1930s and ’40s, and some large city cinemas also included a smaller theaterette where newsreels were screened continuously throughout the day.

By the end of the 1960s television news broadcasts had supplanted the format. Newsreels are considered significant historical documents, since they are often the only audiovisual record of certain cultural events.
Charlotte Radcliffe
Charlotte Ellen Radcliffe (3 August 1903 – 12 December 1979) was an English competitive swimmer from Liverpool who competed for Great Britain in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

In the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, at age 17, she won a silver medal in the 4×100-metre freestyle relay, in which she swam the third leg of the race.  She finished seventh in her first heat of 100-metre freestyle event and did not advance.

She is the grand-aunt of long-distance runner Paula Radcliffe.

Swimming at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle
The women's 100 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which was one of the two women's events held in 1912.

A total of 19 swimmers from nine nations competed in the event, which was held on Monday, August 23 and on Wednesday, August 25, 1920.
Lapland Shield
The Lapland Shield (German: Lapplandschild) was a World War II German military decoration awarded to military personnel of General Franz Böhme’s 20th Mountain Army which fought a two-front campaign against advancing Finnish and Soviet Red Army forces in Lapland between November 1944 and the war’s end in May 1945. It was awarded to men who had "honorably served" for six months in the region or had been wounded during operations there. It was authorized in February 1945 and was the last officially instituted German campaign shield of the war.

With the shield having been approved and designed shortly before the war's end, early recipients had the award noted in their military pay book in March 1945. However, presentation of the shield only began in July 1945, after Germany's surrender, with some awards recorded in pay books as late as August 1945.

Franz Böhme
Franz Friedrich Böhme (15 April 1885 – 29 May 1947) was a German-Austrian soldier who served in succession with the Austro-Hungarian Army, the Austrian Army and the German Wehrmacht. He rose to the rank of general during World War II, serving as Commander of the XVIII Mountain Corps, Hitler's Plenipotentiary Commanding General (Bevollmächtigter Kommandierender General) in the Balkans, and commander-in-chief in German-occupied Norway during World War II. After the war, Böhme was transferred to U.S. custody as a defendant in the Hostages Trial on charges of having massacred thousands of Serbian civilians. He committed suicide in prison.
Charles-Noël Barbès
Charles-Noël Barbès (December 25, 1914 – June 8, 2008) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Liberal Party in 1957 for the riding of Chapleau. He lost in the election of 1958. He was born in Hull, Quebec, Canada.

Chapleau (federal electoral district)
Chapleau (French pronunciation: [ʃaplo]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968. It is currently a Quebec provincial riding that includes the majority of the Gatineau region.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Berthier—Maskinongé, Champlain, Joliette, L'Assomption—Montcalm, Pontiac, and Three Rivers and St. Maurice ridings.

It was abolished in 1967 when it was redistributed into Abitibi, Berthier, Champlain, Portneuf and Villeneuve ridings.

A different Chapleau riding existed from 1987 to 1988 in a different part of Quebec. It was renamed in 1988 to Gatineau—La Lièvre.
Sekirna Spur
Sekirna Spur (Bulgarian: връх Секирна, romanized: vrah Sekirna, IPA: [ˈvrɤx sɛˈkirnɐ]) is the rocky, partly ice-free peak rising to 776 m at the southeast extremity of Zagreus Ridge on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land.  It surmounts Hektoria Glacier to the northeast and southeast, and Paspal Glacier and Green Glacier to the west and south.  The feature is named after the settlements of Gorna (Upper) and Dolna (Lower) Sekirna in Western Bulgaria.

Hektoria Glacier
Hektoria Glacier (65°3′S 61°31′W﻿ / ﻿65.050°S 61.517°W﻿ / -65.050; -61.517) is a glacier flowing south from the area around Mount Johnston between Mount Quandary and Zagreus Ridge into Vaughan Inlet next west of Brenitsa Glacier and east of Green Glacier, on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.

The name "Hektoria Fiords" was given by Sir Hubert Wilkins during his flight of 20 December 1928, after the SS Hektoria, which had brought him to Deception Island. Following survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947, the feature could not be identified; however, during further survey by FIDS in 1955, Wilkins' "long ice-filled fiords" were found to be this glacier and two short unnamed ones.

Between early 2022 and mid 2023, the glacier retreated 25 km in 15 months, including 8 km in just two months in November and December 2022, by a factor of ten the fastest rate of glacier collapse ever observed.
Low light level television
Low light level television (LLLTV) is a type of electronic sensing device, usually a CCD camera sensitive to wavelengths above the normal "visible" (0.4 to 0.7 micrometre) wavelengths, and into the short-wave Infrared - usually to about 1.0 to 1.1 micrometres.  This allows viewing of objects in extremely low light levels, where they would not be seen by the naked eye.  LLLTVs tend to be more affordable than infrared cameras, which typically cover ranges from 3 to 5 μm (MWIR)or 8 to 12 μm (LWIR)

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
DNA curtain
DNA curtain is a single-molecule imaging technique used to visualize protein–DNA interactions in real time with high-throughput. This method arranges long double-stranded or single-stranded DNA molecules on a supported lipid bilayer within a microfluidic chamber, where hydrodynamic flow aligns them against nanofabricated diffusion barriers. Traditional single-molecule techniques typically observe one molecule at a time, which limits throughput. In contrast, DNA curtains allow hundreds to thousands of DNA molecules to be monitored simultaneously using total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM). This high-throughput capability enables direct observation of how proteins interact with DNA, translocate along it, and search for target sequences.

Rolling circle replication
Rolling circle replication (RCR) is a process of unidirectional nucleic acid replication that can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circular RNA genome of viroids. Some eukaryotic viruses also replicate their DNA or RNA via the rolling circle mechanism.

As a simplified version of natural rolling circle replication, an isothermal DNA amplification technique, rolling circle amplification was developed. The RCA mechanism is widely used in molecular biology and biomedical nanotechnology, especially in the field of biosensing (as a method of signal amplification).
Mathieu Burgaudeau
Mathieu Burgaudeau (born 17 November 1998 in Noirmoutier-en-l'Île) is a French cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Team TotalEnergies. Professional since 2019, he has competed in four editions of the Tour de France, notably finishing second on stage 12 of the 2023 edition. He has also won a stage of the 2022 Paris–Nice and finished second in the 2023 Bretagne Classic.

Team TotalEnergies
Team TotalEnergies (UCI team code: TEN) is a professional road bicycle racing team that competes as a UCI ProTeam in UCI Continental Circuits races and UCI World Tour races when invited as a wild card entry. In previous years, the team was known as Brioches La Boulangère, Bonjour, Bouygues Télécom, Bbox Bouygues Telecom, and Europcar. The 2015 season was the last under the sponsorship of Europcar. The team has been sponsored by Direct Énergie since 2016.
Abja-Vanamõisa
Abja-Vanamõisa (also known as Tümpsi) is a village in Mulgi Parish, Viljandi County, in southern Estonia. It's located about 4 km (2 mi) west of the town of Abja-Paluoja and 7 km east of Mõisaküla, between the Valga–Uulu (Valga–Pärnu) road (nr. 8) and the Estonia–Latvia border. Abja-Vanamõisa has a population of 95 (as of 1 January 2012). It was a part of Abja Parish before 2017.

The village was first mentioned in 1583 when the Livonian War was ending. In 1811 a manor known as Friedrichsheim was established in the village by detaching the lands from the nearby Abja Manor. It's known that a school operated in Vanamõisa already in 1838. In 1914 a flax factory which is considered to be the first in Estonia was established by engineer Mats Kissa (1887–1956) in Vanamõisa. The factory was closed in 1990.

Soviet admiral Johan Ludri (1895–1937) was born in Ärma farmstead in Abja-Vanamõisa.

Popular Estonian organic dairy products producer Pajumäe Farm is located in Abja-Vanaõisa.

Valga, Estonia
Valga (German: Walk; Latvian: Valka) is a town in southern Estonia and the capital of Valga County and Valga Parish. Until their separation in 1920, Valga and the town of Valka in northern Latvia were one town. They are now twin-towns. The area of Valga is 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 square miles). The population is 12,261. On 21 December 2007 all border-crossing points were removed and roads and fences opened between the two countries with both countries joining the Schengen Agreement.
Ravi Patwardhan
Ravi Patwardhan (6 September 1937 – 5 December 2020) was an Indian actor who appeared in Marathi-language and Hindi-language movies and TV serials and theater plays. He started his acting career in Marathi theatre, then pivoted to movies, and in the later part of career worked in TV shows. In the 80s and 90s, he was known for playing towering personalities as public prosecutor, judge, politician, and village Patil in films. This identity was further aided by his strong delivery and trademark handlebar moustache. Patwardhan acted in more than 200 films, 150 plays, and many TV serials.

Handlebar moustache
A handlebar moustache is a moustache with particularly lengthy and upwardly curved extremities. These moustache styles are named for their resemblance to the handlebars of a bicycle.  It is also known as a spaghetti moustache, because of its stereotypical association with Italian men.  The Handlebar Club humorously describes the style as "a hirsute appendage of the upper lip and with graspable extremities".
Chris Reif
Chris Reif is an American retired soccer who played professionally in the Major Indoor Soccer League and American Professional Soccer League.

Reif graduated from Calvert Hall High School.  He attended the University of Connecticut, playing on the men's soccer team from 1984 to 1987.  He was team captain his senior season as he earned Third Team All American honors.  In 1988, the Cleveland Force selected Reif in the fourth round of the Major Indoor Soccer League draft but folded a few weeks later.  Reif turned professional in 1988 with the Maryland Bays of the American Soccer League.  He played with the Bays through the 1991 season.  He was a 1990 and 1991 American Professional Soccer League Second Team All League defender.  In May 1991, the Baltimore Blast signed Reif to a fifteen-day contract.

Maryland Bays
The Maryland Bays were an inaugural franchise of the third incarnation of the American Soccer League in 1988. They were based in Catonsville, Maryland, and played their games at the University of Maryland-Baltimore County. The team joined the American Professional Soccer League in 1990 when the ASL merged with the Western Soccer League. After the 1990 season, the club absorbed the Washington Stars, and moved to play in Columbia, Maryland.

For the first Maryland-based team called the Bays in 1967, see Baltimore Bays of the NPSL/NASL. For the second team to use the name in the ASL, see Baltimore Bays (ASL). For the fourth team to use the name in the USISL, see Baltimore Bays (USISL).
Mr. Bean Rides Again
"Mr. Bean Rides Again" is the sixth episode of the British television series Mr. Bean, produced by Tiger Television for Thames Television. It was first broadcast on ITV on 17 February 1992. and was watched by 17.11 million viewers during its original transmission.

Stephen Frost
Stephen Frederick Eustace Frost (born 28 December 1955) is an English actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on Whose Line Is It Anyway? as well as several projects with comedy partner Mark Arden.
Siege of Fort St. Philip
The siege of Fort Saint Philip can refer to several different battles:

Siege of Fort St. Phillip (1756) - a siege during the Seven Years' War

Siege of Fort St. Philip (1781) -  a Siege during the Spanish invasion of Minorca in the American War of Independence

Siege of Fort St. Philip (1815) - an action in Louisiana during the War of 1812

Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip - a naval engagement in Louisiana during the American Civil War

Bombardment of Fort St. Philip (1815)
The bombardment of Fort St. Philip was a ten day long distance bombardment of exploding bomb shells - by two Royal Navy bomb vessels, mounting a total of four mortars - against the American garrison of Fort St. Philip. The fort was unable to retaliate at the start, as the bomb vessels were out of the range of its solid shot cannon, and its mortar did not have ammunition. This was remedied by supply boats, whereby the fort counter-attacked the bomb vessels with its mortar on January 17, and the British duly withdrew. This riverine engagement took place during the concluding hostilities of the War of 1812.
War memorial of Céret
The War memorial of Céret is a World War I memorial in France, located in Céret (Pyrénées-Orientales). The memorial is made of light gray sandstone and consists of a symbolic figure of a mourning woman seated on top of an inscribed base. The figure was sculpted by Aristide Maillol, who worked on it from 1919 to 1920. The memorial was inaugurated in 1922, and it was declared a national monument in 1994.

Pyrénées-Orientales
Pyrénées-Orientales (French: [piʁene ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Catalan: Pirineus Orientals [piɾiˈnɛwz uɾiənˈtals]; Occitan: Pirenèus Orientals [piɾeˈnɛwz uɾjenˈtals]; lit. 'Eastern Pyrenees'), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the departments of Ariège to the northwest and Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the Spanish province of Girona in Catalonia to the south and the country of Andorra to the west. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2019, it had a population of 479,979. Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the Cerdagne) are part of the Iberian Peninsula. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range. Historically, most of the department corresponds with the northern part of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia.