hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Film Company
Crystal Film Company was an early film company in the United States established by Ludwig Erb. Crystal Productions made a split-reel comedy films for Universal and then United Film Service. It partnered with other producers after United folded. Joseph A. Golden partnered with Erb at Crystal.

Pearl White starred in its films. Alan E. Freedman worked for it briefly.

The studio advertised it was available for rent. Joseph A. Golden was its president.

Actress and playwright Mrs. Celie G. Turner, stage name Celie Ellis, sued the studio for an injury she sustained jumping from a branch while working at it in April 1914. She won a $4,000 verdict but it was overturned on appeal.

Hal Roach wrote to the studio.

Alan E. Freedman
Alan Eliot Freedman (October 12, 1889 – April 29, 1980) was a pioneer and long-time executive in the motion picture film processing industry. He founded DeLuxe Laboratories after serving as president of its predecessor, Fox Film Laboratories. His career lasted over 50 years.
Kerrigan Mahan
Kerrigan Patrick Mahan is an American voice actor. He has had voice roles in Lensman, Zillion, Vampire Hunter D and Crying Freeman, as Goldar in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and Power Rangers Zeo, Jeb the talking dog in VR Troopers, and the original Magna Defender in Power Rangers Lost Galaxy.

Mahan has also been involved in theater work, directing Matty: An Evening With Christy Mathewson, a play based on the life of baseball player Christy Mathewson, who was portrayed by another voice actor, Eddie Frierson. He played the villain Clint on S.W.A.T.'s "Omega One". He was also the director for two episodes of the English version of the TV series Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics.

Vampire Hunter D
Vampire Hunter D (Japanese: 吸血鬼（バンパイア）ハンターD, Hepburn: Banpaia Hantā Dī) is a series of novels written by Japanese author Hideyuki Kikuchi and illustrated by Yoshitaka Amano since 1983.

As of January 2025, 57 novels have been published in the main series, with some novels comprising as many as four volumes. They have sold over 17 million copies worldwide, making Vampire Hunter D one of the best-selling book series in history. The series has also spawned anime, audio drama, manga, comic adaptations, a video game, as well as a short story collection, art books, and a supplemental guide book.
Right to exist
The right to exist is said to be an attribute of nations, which are nowadays more commonly called states. According to an essay by the 19th-century French philosopher Ernest Renan, a state has the right to exist when individuals are willing to sacrifice their own interests for the community it represents. Unlike self-determination, the right to exist is an attribute of states rather than of peoples. It is not a right recognized in international law. The phrase has featured prominently in the Arab–Israeli conflict since the 1950s.

The right to exist of a de facto state may be balanced against another state's right to territorial integrity. Proponents of the right to exist trace it back to the "right of existence", said to be a fundamental right of states recognized by writers on international law for hundreds of years.

Ernest Renan
Joseph Ernest Renan (/rəˈnɑːn/; French: [ʒozɛf ɛʁnɛst ʁənɑ̃]; 27 February 1823 – 2 October 1892) was a French Orientalist and Semitic scholar, writing on Semitic languages and civilizations, historian of religion, philologist, philosopher, biblical scholar, and critic. He wrote works on the origins of early Christianity, and espoused popular political theories especially concerning nationalism, national identity, and the superiority of white people over other human races.  Renan is among the first scholars to advance the debunked Khazar theory, which held that Ashkenazi Jews were descendants of the Khazars, Turkic peoples who had adopted the Jewish religion and allegedly migrated to central and eastern Europe following the collapse of their khanate. On this basis he alleged that the Jews were "an incomplete race."
Hannover-Land I
Hannover-Land I is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 43. It is located in central Lower Saxony, comprising the northern part of the Hanover Region.

Hannover-Land I was created for the 1980 federal election. From 2021 to 2025, it has been represented by Rebecca Schamber of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Hendrik Hoppenstedt of the CDU.

Hanover Region
Hanover Region (German: Region Hannover) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Heidekreis, Celle, Gifhorn, Peine, Hildesheim, Hameln-Pyrmont, Schaumburg and Nienburg.

The Hanover Region district has a unique legal status among the districts of Lower Saxony. It includes the city of Hanover (the state capital) which has the same privileges as a kreisfreie Stadt, a city that is not part of a district. As a consequence, the district is much larger in population than any other district of the state. Its administrative body is the regional parliament (Regionsparlament), headed by the regional president (Regionspräsident), which since 2021 is Steffen Krach (SPD). The members of the regional parliament are elected once every five years and the regional president is elected also every five years in local elections.
Howard Zinn
Howard Zinn (August 24, 1922 – January 27, 2010) was an American historian and a veteran of World War II. He was chair of the history and social sciences department at Spelman College, and a political science professor at Boston University. Zinn wrote more than 20 books, including his best-selling and influential A People's History of the United States in 1980. In 2007, he published a version of it for younger readers, A Young People's History of the United States.

Zinn described himself as "something of an anarchist, something of a socialist. Maybe a democratic socialist." He wrote extensively about the civil rights movement, the anti-war movement and labor history of the United States. His memoir, You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train (Beacon Press, 1994), was also the title of a 2004 documentary about Zinn's life and work. Zinn died of a heart attack in 2010, at the age of 87.

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
Dave Dombrowski
David Dombrowski (born July 27, 1956) is an American baseball executive who serves as the president of baseball operations for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). Dombrowski also previously served as the general manager of the Montreal Expos, the general manager and president of the Florida Marlins and Detroit Tigers, and president of baseball operations for the Boston Red Sox. He has helped build four different franchises (Marlins, Tigers, Red Sox, Phillies) into pennant-winning teams, and he has won the World Series twice — with the Marlins in 1997 and the Red Sox in 2018.

2006 Detroit Tigers season
The 2006 Detroit Tigers won the American League Championship Series (ALCS) and therefore represented the American League in the World Series. They lost the series, falling to the St. Louis Cardinals 4 games to 1.  The season was their 106th since entering the American League in 1901, and it was their seventh season since opening Comerica Park in 2000. The 2006 team was also the first team since 1993 to finish with a winning record, and the first team since 1987 to make the playoffs.
Njem people
The Njyem (or Njem or Ndjem) are an ethnic group inhabiting the rain forest zone of southern Cameroon and northern Republic of the Congo. In Cameroon, the Njyem live along the road running south from Lomié, passing the government center of Ngoyla and going as far south as Djadom. From there, footpaths extend to Souanke in northern Congo. Their territory lies south of the Nzime people and north of the Bekwel, both related groups. Ngoyla is the largest Njyem center. Souanke is equally important, but is a center shared with the Bekwel. They speak Njyem ("NJY"), one of the Makaa–Njem Bantu languages.

Souanké
Souanké is a city and capital of Souanké District in the Sangha Region of northwestern Republic of the Congo, located close to the border with Cameroon. The city is located around 50 km (31 mi) north-east of Mont Nabemba, the highest point in the country.

The city is served by Souanké Airport.
Alexander of Canterbury
Alexander of Canterbury (fl. 1120) was an English monk of Christ Church, Canterbury. He  is known as the author of a work, Dicta Anselmi archiepiscopi, which has been also ascribed to Eadmer. He was employed as a messenger from the Countess Matilda to St. Anselm, and was sent by St. Anselm to Pope Paschal II for his instruction on various points.

Eadmer
Eadmer or Edmer (/ˈɛdˌmər/; c. 1060 – c. 1126), also known as Eadmer of Canterbury OSB (Latin: Eadmerus Cantuariensis) was an English historian, theologian, and ecclesiastic.  He is known for being a contemporary biographer of his archbishop and companion, Saint Anselm, in his Vita Anselmi, and chronicler in his Historia novorum in Anglia, which presents the public face of Anselm. Eadmer's history is written to support the primacy of the see of Canterbury over York, a central concern for Anselm.
Kalpana (Malayalam actress)
Kalpana Priyadarshini (5 October 1965 – 25 January 2016), better known mononymously as Kalpana, was an Indian actress who appeared in South Indian films, predominantly in Malayalam and Tamil. Kalpana has acted in over 300 films in various South Indian languages. She won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Thanichalla Njan (2012) at the 60th National Film Awards. Kalpana began her career as a child artist in the late 1970s. She became popular among the audiences for her comic roles.

60th National Film Awards
The 60th National Film Awards ceremony was an event during which the Directorate of Film Festivals presented its annual National Film Awards to honour the best films of 2012 in the Indian cinema. The ceremony was held on 3 May 2013 and was hosted by actors  R. Madhavan and Huma Qureshi.
Mark Ellingham
Mark Norman Ellingham is a professor of mathematics at Vanderbilt University whose research concerns graph theory. With Joseph D. Horton, he is the discoverer and namesake of the Ellingham–Horton graphs, two cubic 3-vertex-connected bipartite graphs that have no Hamiltonian cycle.

Ellingham earned his Ph.D. in 1986 from the University of Waterloo under the supervision of Lawrence Bruce Richmond. In 2012, he became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society.

Vertex connectivity
In graph theory, a connected graph G is said to be k-vertex-connected (or k-connected) if it has more than k vertices and remains connected whenever fewer than k vertices are removed.

The vertex-connectivity, or just connectivity, of a graph is the largest k for which the graph is k-vertex-connected.
Batcombe, Dorset
Batcombe is a small straggling village and civil parish in Dorset, England, situated 12 miles (19 km) north-west of Dorchester below the northern scarp slope of the Dorset Downs. The name Batcombe derives from the Old English Bata, a man's name, and cumb, meaning valley. In 1201 it was known as Batecumbe. The local travel links are located 3 miles (4.8 km) from the village to Chetnole railway station and 31 miles (50 km) to Bournemouth International Airport. The main road running through the village is Stile Way. Dorset County Council's 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the civil parish was 120. The civil parish is served by High Stoy Parish Council, which also covers Hermitage and Hilfield parishes.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Niño Rojo
Niño Rojo is the fourth studio release by freak folk artist Devendra Banhart and his third release on the label Young God Records. It was released on September 13, 2004.

In 2007, the song "Little Yellow Spider" was used in a commercial for Orange mobile phone services and in 2005 the song "At The Hop" was featured in a commercial for Cathedral City cheese and in Fat Tire Beer's "Follow your Folly" commercial.

In 2006 the album has received a silver certification from Independent Music Companies Association for 30,000+ copies sold in Europe.

Independent Music Companies Association
The Independent Music Companies Association (IMPALA), originally the Independent Music Publishers and Labels Association, is a non-profit trade association established in 2000 to help European independent record labels represent their agenda and promote independent music. Its offices are in Brussels, Belgium. IMPALA is a member of the Worldwide Independent Network (WIN), a coalition of independent music bodies from countries throughout the world.  In 2025, IMPALA started a new co-funded work programme as a European Union cultural network.
St. Anne's Church, Copenhagen
St. Anne's Church (Danish: Sankt Annæ Kirke) is a Roman-Catholic church in Sundby on Amager in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located just off Amagerbrogade, next to Eberts Villaby. The church is closely affiliated with the nearby St. Ann's School.

Amagerbrogade
Amagerbrogade is the main shopping street and thoroughfare of the part of Copenhagen, Denmark that is located on the island of Amager. It begins at the end of the causeway which connects Amager to Christianshavn and the city centre on the other side of the harbour, and runs south until it reaches the municipal border with Tårnby where it continues as Amager Landevej. The street marks the border between Amager Vest and Amager Øst, two of the ten official districts of Copenhagen.

Amagerbrogade arose when the country road leading in and out of Copenhagen's Amager Gate was urbanized towards the end of the 18th century after the city's old fortifications had been decommissioned and the no-built zone outside them released. It is one of four such -bro streets.
Tobi 6
Tobi 5 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 7

The sixth day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 1, of the Julian calendar, and January 14, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. On this day, the Coptic Church celebrates the Feast of Circumcision, it is one of the Seven Minor Feasts of the Lord.

Tobi (month)
Tobi (Coptic: Ⲧⲱⲃⲓ, Tōbi), also known as Tybi (Ancient Greek: Τυβί, Tybí) and Tubah (Arabic: طوبه), is the fifth month of the ancient Egyptian and Coptic calendars. It lies between January 9 and February 7 of the Gregorian calendar.

The month of Tobi is also the first month of the season of Proyet (Growth and Emergence) in Ancient Egypt, where the Nile floods recede and the crops start to grow throughout the land of Egypt.
The Taill of the Uponlandis Mous and the Burges Mous
"The Taill of the Uponlandis Mous and the Burges Mous", also known as "The Twa Mice," is a Middle Scots adaptation of Aesop's Fable The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse by the Scottish poet Robert Henryson. Written around the 1480s, it is the second poem in Henryson's collection called The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian.

Hennryson's Fabill treats its characters and incidents with a realism that was hitherto unusual in the genre. Its ambiguous portrayal of the two protagonists seamlessly blends their animal and human characteristics in a way that allowed the makar to satirise new social classes in the rising burous touns of his day with subtle and philosophical irony.

Middle Scots
Middle Scots was the Anglic language of Lowland Scotland in the period from 1450 to 1700. By the end of the 15th century, its phonology, orthography, accidence, syntax and vocabulary had diverged markedly from Early Scots, which was virtually indistinguishable from early Northumbrian Middle English. Subsequently, the orthography of Middle Scots differed from that of the emerging Early Modern English standard that was being used in England. Middle Scots was fairly uniform throughout its many texts, albeit with some variation due to the use of Romance forms in translations from Latin or French, turns of phrases and grammar in recensions of southern texts influenced by southern forms, misunderstandings and mistakes made by foreign printers.
Roxanne Varzi
Roxanne Varzi (Persian: رکسانا ورزی; born 1971) is an Iranian-born American cultural anthropologist, filmmaker, sound artist, writer, playwright, and educator. She is a full professor of anthropology and film and media studies at University of California, Irvine (UCI). Varzi is known for her various works in media, including books, film documentaries, sound performances, and theatrical plays.

Film studies
Film studies is an academic discipline that deals with various theoretical, historical, and critical approaches to cinema as an art form and a medium. It is sometimes subsumed within media studies and is often compared to television studies.

Film studies is less concerned with advancing proficiency in film production than it is with exploring the narrative, artistic, cultural, economic, and political implications of the cinema. In searching for these social-ideological values, film studies takes a series of critical approaches for the analysis of production, theoretical framework, context, and creation. Also, in studying film, possible careers include critic or production. Overall the study of film continues to grow, as does the industry on which it focuses.

Academic journals publishing film studies work include Sight and Sound, Film Comment, Film International, CineAction, Screen, Journal of Cinema and Media Studies, Film Quarterly, and Journal of Film and Video.
Mixogaster
Mixogaster is a genus of hoverflies native to North America and South America, with 21 known species. Mixogaster is distinct by lacking an appendix on vein R4+5, having a reduced and bare metasternum, an unarmed scutellum, and usually an appendix on vein M extending in cell R4+5. Larvae are found in ant nests.

Scutellum (insect anatomy)
The scutellum is the posterior portion of either the mesonotum or the metanotum of an insect thorax; however, it is used almost exclusively in the former context, as the metanotum is rather reduced in most insect groups. In the Hemiptera, and some Coleoptera, the scutellum is a small triangular plate behind the pronotum and between the forewing bases. In Diptera and Hymenoptera, the scutellum is nearly always distinct, but much smaller than (and immediately posterior to) the mesoscutum.

Scutellum in various types of insect

26 = Heteroptera scutellum

6 = Diptera scutellum

9 = Coleoptera scutellum

10 = Formicidae scutellum
Elena Penga
Elena Penga (Greek: Έλενα Πέγκα; born c. 1966) is a Greek playwright, poet, fiction writer, and stage director.

Penga attended college and graduate school in the United States and staged her first plays in New York’s off-off Broadway scene before returning to Greece in the 1990s. Her plays have been produced at the National Theatre of Greece, National Theatre of Northern Greece, the Athens Festival and Delphi among many other theaters. Her work has been widely translated and performed in the US, Europe and the middle east. Her book Tight Belts and Other Skin (Agra, 2012) received the Ourani Prize of The Greek Academy of Letters and has been translated into Swedish and English. She is a co-author of the screenplay for the 2001 film adaptation of The Only Journey of His Life, about the Greek short-story writer Giorgios Vizyenos, which won the best film award in the Greek State Film Awards.

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
Cyril Pemberton
Cyril Eugene Pemberton (August 12, 1886, Los Angeles, California – May 16, 1975, Diamond Head, Hawaii) was an American economic entomologist known for his work with sugar cane pests. He was the chief entomologist for the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association during the interwar years and a leading researcher into biological control of insect pests in sugar cane. Pemberton was influential in the introduction of the voracious cane toad from the Caribbean into Hawaii and Australia, where it became one of that continent's worst invasive species.

Diamond Head, Hawaii
Diamond Head is a volcanic tuff cone on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. It is known to Hawaiians as Lēʻahi (pronounced [leːˈʔɐhi]), which is most likely derived from lae (browridge, promontory) plus ʻahi (tuna) because the shape of the ridgeline resembles the shape of a tuna's dorsal fin. Its English name was given by British sailors in the 19th century, who named it for the calcite crystals on the adjacent beach.
A Time in Quchi
A Time in Quchi (Chinese title: 暑假作業), directed by Chang Tso-Chi, is a 2013 Taiwanese film. The film premiered in competition at the 66th Locarno International Film Festival. A Time in Quchi features cameo appearances by Yang Liang-Yu, poet Kuan Kuan, Nick Yen (also known as Prince of Star), and Taiwanese actress Hanyi Yao (known as Ginger Chen before 2011).

A Time in Quchi received two nominations for Best New Performer and Best Original Film Music at the 50th Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards.

Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards
The Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and Taipei Golden Horse Awards (Chinese: 台北金馬影展; pinyin: Táiběi Jīnmǎ Yǐngzhǎn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak Kim-má iáⁿ-tián) are a film festival and associated awards ceremony held annually in Taiwan. The festival and ceremony were founded in 1962 by the Government Information Office of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and is now run as an independent organisation. The awards ceremony is usually held in November or December in Taipei, although the event has also been held in other locations in Taiwan in recent times.