hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stuart Peachey
Stuart Peachey is a British historian specialising in the English Civil War and the history of food and clothing. He has produced many works on these and other subjects. He had a leading role in the promotion of the Norfolk Trained Band, a regiment within the English Civil War Society, and is very active in the living history field.

He also runs Historical Management Associates Ltd based in Bristol, which specializes in the period 1580-1660 (Late Tudor/early Stuart).

He participated in the 2005 historical documentary TV series Tales from the Green Valley and wrote an associated book, The Building of the Green Valley: A Reconstruction of an Early 17th-century Rural Landscape, published in 2006.

English Civil War Society
The English Civil War Society was founded in 1980 and is the umbrella organisation for the King's Army and the Roundhead Association. The purpose of the Society is to raise awareness of the conflict between King Charles I of England and his supporters and their opponents in Parliament and Scotland. The society does this by staging re-enactments of civil war battles and other types of living history and educational displays across the UK. The  re-enactment societies are concerned with technical details about regiments, their weapons and their clothing and way of life as well as mock battles using authentic pikes, muskets and cannon.
Multi-Pointer X
Multi-pointer X (MPX) is a part of X input extension and previously a modification to the existing X.Org implementation of the X Window System. MPX provides multiple independent pointers at the windowing system level. These pointers are all connected to one computer. Unlike many other multi-pointer applications and toolkits, MPX allows many existing X11 applications to run unmodified, whilst still providing additional input features. For instance, multiple users can simultaneously operate different applications at the same time. Some applications do not work as expected due to limitations in the toolkits they use . The limitations are caused by the assumption that only one pointer exists.

Widget toolkit
A widget toolkit, widget library, GUI toolkit, GUI framework, UI framework, or UX library is a library or a collection of libraries containing a set of graphical control elements (called widgets) used to construct the graphical user interface (GUI) of programs.

Most widget toolkits additionally include their own rendering engine. This engine can be specific to a certain operating system or windowing system or contain back-ends to interface with multiple ones and also with rendering APIs such as OpenGL, OpenVG, or EGL.
The look and feel of the graphical control elements can be hard-coded or decoupled, allowing the graphical control elements to be themed/skinned.
Ammunition ship
An ammunition ship is an auxiliary ship specially configured to carry ammunition, usually for naval ships and aircraft. An ammunition ship's cargo handling systems, designed with extreme safety in mind, include ammunition hoists with airlocks between decks, and mechanisms for flooding entire compartments with sea water in case of emergencies. Ammunition ships most often deliver their cargo to other ships using underway replenishment, using both connected replenishment and vertical replenishment. To a lesser extent, they transport ammunition from one shore-based weapons station to another.

Vertical replenishment
Vertical replenishment, or VERTREP, is a method of supply of seaborne vessels by helicopter. The United States Department of Defense defines VERTREP as:

...the transfer of cargo between ships using helicopters. VERTREP is often used to supplement connected replenishment. Weapons loads, generally limited to 1,800 kg (4,000 pounds), are transferred from the supply ship to the flight deck of the amphibious ship. The decided advantage of a VERTREP is that it can effect replenishment without ship-to-ship connection.
Theodore Makridi
Theodore Makridi Bey (1872–1940) was an Ottoman and Turkish - Greek archaeologist who conducted the first excavations of the Hittite capital, Hattusas. He was the second director of the Istanbul Archaeological Museum (then Imperial Ottoman Museum) after Osman Hamdi Bey.

He undertook excavations in Hattusas together with Hugo Winckler in 1906–1907 and 1911–1912. He was reportedly inept in controlling the excavations and unable to prevent theft of found items.

He continued to be employed by the state and pursued archeological excavations after the declaration of the Turkish Republic.

Istanbul Archaeology Museums
The Istanbul Archaeology Museums (Turkish: İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri) are a group of three archaeological museums located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey, near Gülhane Park and Topkapı Palace. These museums house over one million objects from nearly all periods and civilizations in world history.

The Istanbul Archaeology Museums consists of three museums:

Archaeological Museum, located in the main building

Museum of the Ancient Orient

Museum of Islamic Art, housed in the Tiled Kiosk
A Study in Reds
A Study in Reds (1932) is a polished amateur film by Miriam Bennett which spoofs women's clubs and the Soviet menace in the 1930s. While listening to a tedious lecture on the Soviet threat, Wisconsin Dells’ Tuesday Club members fall asleep and find themselves laboring in an all-women collective in Russia under the unflinching eye of the Soviet special police.

In 2009, it was named to the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being “culturally, historically or aesthetically” significant and will be preserved for all time.

Amateur film
Amateur film is a genre of filmmaking done primarily for personal enjoyment, passion, or hobby, without commercial intent or substantial funding. It encompasses a wide range of activities, from recording family events and local news to creating experimental works or dramatic productions.

It later overlapped with fan film, a filmmaking genre used for amateur films created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators.
Pettinato
Pettinato is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giovanni Pettinato (1934–2011), Italian paleographer

Roberto Pettinato (born 1955), Argentine musician and journalist

Tuono Pettinato (1976–2021), Italian comics writer and illustrator

Giovanni Pettinato
Giovanni Pettinato (30 April 1934, in Troina – 19 May 2011, in Rome) was an Assyriologist and paleographer of writings from the ancient Near East, specializing in the Eblaite language, His major contributions to the field include the deciphering of the Eblaite script, discovered by Paolo Matthiae in 1974–75.

Pettinato graduated from Heidelberg in 1968, where he had studied for ten years. In 1968 he began teaching Assyriology at the University of Rome.

Pettinato died on 19 May 2011 at the age of 76. He was an emeritus of several associations, including the Accademia dei Lincei and authored several publications about the Sumerian and Mesopotamian civilizations.
Hadesina
Hadesina is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae. It consists of the following species:

Hadesina caerulescens  (Schaus, 1913)

Hadesina divisa Dognin, 1902

Hadesina goeleti Miller, 2008

Hadesina limbaria Warren, 1900

Hadesina goeleti
Hadesina goeleti is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by James S. Miller in 2008. It is found in north-western Costa Rica, near the Nicaraguan border.

The length of the forewings is 14–15.5 mm for males and 15.5–16 mm for females.
Albini
Albini or de Albini (of white) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abramo Albini (born 1948), Italian Olympic rower

Alessandro Albini (1568–1646), Italian painter

Alfred Albini (1896–1978), Croatian architect

Carlo Albini (1914–1976), Italian footballer

Franco Albini (1905–1977), Italian architect and designer

Franz von Albini (1748–1816), German judge and statesman

Giuseppe Albini (admiral) (1780–1859), Italian admiral and senator

Giuseppe Albini (1827–1911), Italian physician

Giuseppe Albini (philologist) (1863–1933), Italian philologist, latinist and politician

Septimiu Albini (1861–1919), Romanian journalist and activist

Srećko Albini (1869–1933), Croatian composer, conductor, and music publisher

Steve Albini (1962–2024), American singer-songwriter and recording engineer

Umberto Albini (1895-1973), Italian Fascist politician

Walter Albini pseudonym of Gualtiero Angelo Albini (1941–1983), Italian fashion designer

Alfred Albini
Alfred Albini (Croatian pronunciation: [ǎlfred albǐːni]; 15 July 1896 – 4 November 1978) was a Croatian-Jewish architect. He received a Vladimir Nazor Award for architecture and urban planning.

Albini was born and died in Zagreb. He worked at the ateliers of Viktor Kovačić and Hugo Ehrlich and as a professor at the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Zagreb. He projected single-family houses and apartment buildings, together with civic buildings (Faculty of Technology at the University of Zagreb). He synthesized modernistic ideas into his own architectural expression. Furthermore, he discussed the problem of urban planning and the protection of landmarks, wrote expert works and theoretical articles, and painted. Albini died on 4 November 1978 in Zagreb. He was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery.
Kohei Yamamoto (cyclist)
Kohei Yamamoto (山本幸平, Yamamoto Kōhei; born 20 August 1985 in Makubetsu, Hokkaido) is a Japanese cross-country mountain biker. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's cross-country, finishing in 46th place. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's cross-country at Hadleigh Farm, finishing in 27th place. He rides for the Specialized Racing MTB team.

Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's cross-country
The men's cross-country cycling event at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place at Hadleigh Farm on 12 August.

Fifty cyclists from 32 countries competed. Jaroslav Kulhavý from the Czech Republic won the gold medal, beating Switzerland's Nino Schurter by one second.
Upland Brewing Company
Upland Brewing Company, established in 1998 in Bloomington, Indiana, United States is the third largest brewery in the state. The company's main Production Brewery, which includes a recently reopened taproom, serves as the primary facility for brewing operations. Upland also operates The Wood Shop, a specialized sour ale brewery and event space, where its award-winning sour beers are crafted.

In addition to brewing, Upland Brewing Co. manages two Brewpubs and six Gastropubs, offering locally brewed beer and handcrafted food in a casual dining setting. The company also provides catering services, including full bar service for offsite events and complete dining and bar options for private events hosted at its locations.

Upland Brewing Co.'s beers, including ales, lagers, and sour beers, are distributed across all 92 counties in Indiana and nine other states, reflecting the company's growing reach within the craft beer industry.

Ale
Ale is a style of beer, brewed using a warm fermentation method.  In medieval England, the term referred to a drink brewed without hops.

As with most beers, ale typically has a bittering agent to balance the malt and act as a preservative. Ale was originally bittered with gruit, a mixture of herbs or spices boiled in the wort before fermentation, before hops replaced gruit as the bittering agent. In England, however, it was also common to brew ale without adding herbs.
2015–16 National Youth League (Australia)
The 2015–16 National Youth League (Also known as the Foxtel National Youth League for sponsorship reasons) was the eighth season of the Australian National Youth League competition. The season ran in a different, reduced format to previous years, and in parallel with the 2015–16 A-League season.

2015–16 A-League
The 2015–16 A-League was the 39th season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the 11th since the establishment of the A-League in 2004. Melbourne Victory were both the defending A-League Premiers and Champions. The regular season schedule was released on 29 June 2015. The season commenced on 8 October 2015 and concluded on 10 April 2016. The finals series commenced on 15 April 2016 and concluded with the 2016 Grand Final, held on 1 May 2016.

The 2016 Grand Final took place on 1 May 2016, with Adelaide United claiming their first Championship with a 3–1 win against Western Sydney Wanderers.
Wilfred Morton
Sir William Wilfred Morton, KCB (1906 – 7 January 1981) was a Scottish civil servant. Educated at the University of Glasgow, he entered the civil service as an official in the Inland Revenue in 1927. He became a Commissioner of Inland Revenue in 1955, before serving in HM Treasury from 1958 to 1965, when he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Customs and Excise, retiring in 1969.

HM Customs and Excise
HM Customs and Excise (HMCE, properly known as Her Majesty's Customs and Excise at the time of its dissolution in 2005) was a department of the British Government formed in 1909 by the merger of HM Customs and HM Excise; its primary responsibility was the collection of customs duties, excise duties, and other indirect taxes.

Payments of customs dues have occurred in Britain for over one thousand years, and HMCE was formed from predecessor bodies with a long history.

With effect from 18 April 2005, HMCE merged with the Inland Revenue (which administered and collected direct taxes) to form a new department: HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).
Klyastsitsy
Klyastsitsy (Belarusian: Клясціцы, romanized: Kliascicy; Russian: Клястицы, romanized: Klyastitsy) is an agrotown in Rasony District, Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Klyastsitsy selsoviet.

Vitebsk region
Vitebsk region, also known as Vitebsk oblast or Vitsyebsk voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Vitebsk. It is located in the north of the country, and borders Russia.

As of 2019, it had a population of 1,135,731, the lowest population density in Belarus at 30.6 p/km².

Key cities in the region include Vitebsk, Orsha, Polotsk, and Novopolotsk.
2024 National Bank Open – Women's doubles
Caroline Dolehide and Desirae Krawczyk defeated Gabriela Dabrowski and Erin Routliffe in the final, 7–6(7–2), 3–6, [10–7] to win the to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 2024 Canadian Open.

Shuko Aoyama and Ena Shibahara were the reigning champions, but Shibahara chose not to participate this year. Aoyama partnered Eri Hozumi, but lost in the first round to Guo Hanyu and Makoto Ninomiya.

Ena Shibahara
Ena Shibahara (柴原 瑛菜, Shibahara Ena; born 12 February 1998) is an American-born Japanese professional tennis player.
She reached her career-high rankings of world No. 4 in doubles on 21 March 2022 and No. 116 in singles on 14 July 2025. Shibahara has won eleven doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including two WTA 1000, the 2021 Miami Open and the 2023 National Bank Open.

Shibahara won her first major title at the 2022 French Open, alongside Wesley Koolhof in mixed doubles. Partnering with Shuko Aoyama, she reached the women's doubles finals at the 2023 Australian Open, in addition to the semifinals at the 2021 Wimbledon Championships, the 2022 Australian Open, and at the 2021 WTA Finals.

She made her Billie Jean King Cup debut for Japan in 2020, and also participated in the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. Until July 2019, Shibahara represented her country of birth, the United States.
Max Duffy
Max Duffy (born 11 April 1993) is an Australian former American football punter. He was the punter for the Kentucky Wildcats and also an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Duffy attended Kent Street Senior High School.

He mainly played basketball as a junior and only converted to Australian rules football after missing selection in a state squad. He was not selected in the first two AFL drafts that he nominated for, and was working as a tree lopper while playing for East Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) when he was recruited with 39th draft pick in the 2012 AFL draft.

2012 AFL draft
The 2012 AFL draft consisted of five opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2012/13 Australian Football League off-season.

These were:

2012 trade period; which was held between 1 October and 26 October, and for the first time incorporated a free agency eligibility period.

A mini-draft of 17-year-old players, as part of the recruitment concessions given to the newly established Greater Western Sydney Giants, held on 26 October

The 2012 national draft; which was conducted on 22 November at the Gold Coast Convention Centre.

The 2013 pre-season draft which was held on 11 December 2012 and

The 2013 rookie draft, also held on 11 December 2012.
Arboretum de Cazebonne
43°58′N 3°26′E﻿ / ﻿43.97°N 3.44°E﻿ / 43.97; 3.44

The Arboretum de Cazebonne (4 hectares) is an arboretum located about 4 km from Alzon, on D 231 towards Villaret, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is located within the Cévennes National Park, managed by the Office National des Forêts, and open daily without charge.

The arboretum was created in 1903 by Charles Henri Marie Flahault (1852–1935) and Georges Fabre, near the former village of Cazebonne, as an experimental station for testing introduction of exotic trees. It contains hiking paths and mature, labeled trees including Araucaria and Sequoiadendron giganteum.

Charles Flahault
Charles Henri Marie Flahault (3 October 1852 – 3 February 1935) was a French botanist, among the early pioneers of phytogeography, phytosociology, and forest ecology. The word relevé for a plant community sample is his invention.
Howard Jeffery
Howard William James Jeffery (5 May 1944 – 17 April 2008) was an English cricketer active from 1963 to 1974 who played for Leicestershire. He was born in Workington and died in Whitehaven. He appeared in two first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm fast medium. He scored six runs with a highest score of 6 and took two wickets with a best performance of two for 77.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Spatial variability
Spatial variability occurs when a quantity that is measured at different spatial locations exhibits values that differ across the locations.  Spatial variability can be assessed using spatial descriptive statistics such as the range.

Let us suppose that the Rev' z(x) is perfectly known at any point x within the field under study. Then the uncertainty about z(x) is reduced to zero, whereas its spatial variability still exists. Uncertainty is closely related to the amount of spatial variability, but it is also strongly dependent upon sampling.

Geostatistical analyses have been strictly performed to study the spatial variability of pesticide sorption and degradation in the field. Webster and Oliver provided a description of geostatistical techniques. Describing uncertainty using geostatistics is not an activity exempt from uncertainty itself as variogram uncertainty may be large and spatial interpolation may be undertaken using different techniques.

Range (statistics)
In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is the size or width of the narrowest interval which contains all the data.
It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as  the sample maximum and minimum). 
It is expressed in the same units as the data.

The range provides an indication of statistical dispersion. Robust measures of range include the interdecile range and the interquartile range.
Denehole
A denehole (alternatively dene hole or dene-hole) is an underground structure consisting of a number of small chalk caves entered by a vertical shaft. The name is given to certain caves or excavations in England, which have been popularly supposed to have been created by the Danes or some other of the early northern invaders of the country. The common spelling Dane hole is adduced as evidence of this, and individual names, such as Vortigern's Caves at Margate, and Canute's Gold Mine near Bexley, naturally follow the same theory. The word, however, is probably derived from the Anglo Saxon den, a hole or valley. The lack of evidence found in them has led to long arguments as to their function.

Danes (tribe)
The Danes were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting southern Scandinavia, including the area now comprising Denmark proper, northern and eastern England, and the Scanian provinces of modern-day southern Sweden, during the Nordic Iron Age and the Viking Age. They founded what became the Kingdom of Denmark. The name of their realm is believed to mean "Danish March", viz. "the march of the Danes", in Old Norse, referring to their southern border zone between the Eider and Schlei rivers, known as the Danevirke.
Spain at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Spain, the previous host of the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States. 289 competitors, 194 men and 95 women, took part in 157 events in 22 sports.

Lourdes Becerra
María Lourdes Becerra Portero (born 4 June 1973 in Sabadell, Catalonia) is a former medley and breaststroke swimmer, who competed at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992 in Barcelona. Her best Olympic result came in 1996, when she finished seventh in the 400 m individual medley.

At the 1999 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Hong Kong she won the bronze medal in the 400 m individual medley. At the 1998 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Sheffield she won silver in the 200 m breaststroke and bronze in the 400 m individual medley.

She started to swim at 10 years old, in the Club Natació Sabadell, her only ever club.
Baryshevo
Baryshevo (Russian: Барышево) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Baryshevo, Leningrad Oblast, a logging depot settlement in Goncharovskoye Settlement Municipal Formation of Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast

Baryshevo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a village in Nikolo-Pogostinsky Selsoviet of Gorodetsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Baryshevo, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Novosibirsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Baryshevo, Leningrad Oblast
Baryshevo (Russian: Барышево; Finnish: Pölläkkälä, Äyräpää) is a rural locality on Karelian Isthmus, in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast. It is situated on the southern shore of Vuoksi River. Until the Winter War and Continuation War, it had been the administrative center of the Äyräpää municipality of the Viipuri Province of Finland.
Wirral (UK Parliament constituency)
Wirral was a county constituency which returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 to 1983, elected by the first past the post voting system.

The constituency was located on the Wirral Peninsula, historically part of Cheshire in North West England.

Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
The Metropolitan Borough of Wirral is a metropolitan borough of Merseyside, in North West England. It has a population of 328,873 (2024), and encompasses 62 square miles (161 km2) of the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula. Major settlements include Birkenhead, Wallasey, Bebington, Heswall, Hoylake and West Kirby. It is one of the six boroughs of the Liverpool City Region, a combined authority area with a population of more than 1.5 million.

Wirral is England's westernmost metropolitan borough, faced by the City of Liverpool to the northeast over the River Mersey.