hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thorleif Dahl (jurist)
Thorleif Dahl (29 October 1907 – 9 February 1997) was a Norwegian jurist who served as a civil servant representing Nasjonal Samling during the Second World War.

He was born in Skien, was married and had six children. He finished his secondary education in 1926 and took the cand.jur. degree.

He worked as an attorney in his hometown until 1940, when he was hired as permanent under-secretary of state in the Ministry of the Interior. This was during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, and he had joined the Fascist party Nasjonal Samling in 1938. Dahl is regarded by historians as a knowledgeable and practical civil servant with "judicial finesse". As the German occupants came to mistrust the Minister of Interior, Albert Viljam Hagelin, Dahl rose from 1942–43 to serve almost as the "acting Minister of the Interior". After the war, he was convicted for treason and sentenced to five years of forced labour.

He settled in Gjerpen. He died in 1997, almost 90 years old.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Alan Namoko
Alan Nomoko Namoko (1956 – 1995) was a blind blues and jazz musician from Malawi.

Namoko played banjo and sang in Lomwe, Chewa and Nyanja languages. He became an influential figure in Malawi's music scene in the 1970s and 1980s. In later years, he toured around the world. He often performed with the Chimvu Jazz band. Namoko died in November 1995.

Lomwe language
The Lomwe (Lowe) language, Elomwe, also known as Western Makua, is the Bantu language of  Mozambique. It belongs with Makua in the group of distinctive Bantu languages in the northern part of the country.
Fumonisin B2
Fumonisin B2 is a fumonisin mycotoxin produced by the fungi Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme) and Aspergillus niger.

It is a structural analog of fumonisin B3, while it is lacking one hydroxy group compared to fumonisin B1.

Fumonisin B2 is more cytotoxic than fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B2 inhibits sphingosine acyltransferase.

Fumonisin B2 and other fumonisins frequently contaminate maize and other crops, while recently it has been shown using LC–MS/MS that FB2 can contaminate coffee beans as well.

Sphingosine N-acyltransferase
In enzymology, sphingosine N-acyltransferases (ceramide synthases (CerS), EC 2.3.1.24) are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reaction of synthesis of ceramide:

acyl-CoA + sphingosine  CoA + N-acylsphingosine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and sphingosine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acylsphingosine.

Ceramide synthases are integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase. Other names in common use include ceramide synthetase, and sphingosine acyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in sphingolipid metabolism.
Presumption (Catholic canon law)
Presumption in the canon law of the Catholic Church is a term signifying a reasonable conjecture concerning something doubtful, drawn from arguments and appearances, which by the force of circumstances can be accepted as a proof. It is on this presumption our common adage is based: "Possession is nine points of the law". Presumption has its place in canon law only when positive proofs are wanting, and yet the formulation of some judgment is necessary. It is never in itself an absolute proof, as it only presumes that something is true. Canonists divide presumption into:

presumption of law (juris), or that which is deduced from some legal precept or authority expressed in law or based upon precedents or similarities, and

presumption of a judge or man (judicis or hominis), when the law is silent on the subject and an opinion must be formed according to the way that circumstances and indications would affect a prudent man or judge.

1917 Code of Canon Law
The 1917 Code of Canon Law (abbreviated 1917 CIC, from its Latin title Codex Iuris Canonici), also referred to as the Pio-Benedictine Code, is the first official comprehensive codification of Latin canon law.

Ordered by Pope Pius X in 1904 and carried out by the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law, led by Pietro Cardinal Gasparri, the work to produce the code was completed and promulgated under Pope Benedict XV on 27 May 1917, coming into effect on 19 May 1918. The 1917 Code of Canon Law has been described as "the greatest revolution in canon law since the time of Gratian" (1150s AD).

The 1917 Code of Canon Law was composed of laws called canons, of which there were 2,414. It remained in force until the 1983 Code of Canon Law took legal effect and abrogated it on 27 November 1983.
Golf N' Stuff
Golf N' Stuff is an American brand of three family entertainment amusement parks and miniature golf courses located in the Southwestern United States cities of Norwalk, Ventura, and Tucson. It has a sister park in Phoenix, Castles N' Coasters. It has an estimated million visitors each year.

Family entertainment center
A family entertainment center (FEC) in the entertainment industry, also known as an indoor amusement park, family amusement center, family fun center, soft play, or simply fun center, is a small amusement park marketed towards families with small children to teenagers, often entirely indoors. They usually cater to "sub-regional markets of larger metropolitan areas." FECs are generally small compared to full-scale amusement parks, with fewer attractions, a lower per-person per-hour cost to consumers than a traditional amusement park, and not usually major tourist attractions, but sustained by an area customer base. Many are locally owned and operated, although there are a number of chains and franchises in the field. Some, operated by non-profit organizations as children's museums or science museums, tend to be geared toward edutainment experiences rather than simply amusement.
Botryosphaeria dothidea
Botryosphaeria dothidea is a plant pathogen that causes the formation of cankers on a wide variety of tree and shrub species. It has been reported on several hundred plant hosts and on all continents except Antarctica. B. dothidea was redefined in 2004, and some reports of its host range from prior to that time likely include species that have since been placed in another genus.  Even so, B. dothidea has since been identified on a number of woody plants—including grape, mango, olive, eucalyptus, maple, and oak, among others—and is still expected to have a broad geographical distribution.  While it is best known as a pathogen, the species has also been identified as an endophyte, existing in association with plant tissues on which disease symptoms were not observed.  It can colonize some fruits, in addition to woody tissues.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Richard Mansfield (cricketer)
Richard James Mansfield (born 21 January 1975) is a former Indian born English cricketer.  Mansfield was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.  He was born in Madras, Tamil Nadu.

Mansfield represented the Surrey Cricket Board in 3 List A matches, the first of which came against Lincolnshire in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2001.  His final 2 List A matches came against the Gloucestershire Cricket Board and the Essex Cricket Board in the 1st and 2nd rounds of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which were held in 2002.  In his 3 List A matches, he scored 46 runs at a batting average of 15.33, with a high score of 40.

2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy was an English county cricket tournament, held between 29 August 2002 and 30 August 2003. The competition was won by Gloucestershire who beat Worcestershire by 7 wickets at Lord's.
Colyton Grammar School
Colyton Grammar School (CGS) is a co-educational grammar school (and academy) located in the village of Colyford in East Devon, England, that caters for pupils aged 11 to 18. The school has been classified by Ofsted as "Outstanding" in three successive reports. As of 2023 it was ranked by The Sunday Times as the ninth-best state school in the country, and the second-best in the South West. Founded by local merchants in 1546, the school is situated on an 18-acre site near the Devon coast.

East Devon
50°40′44″N 3°14′20″W﻿ / ﻿50.679°N 3.239°W﻿ / 50.679; -3.239

East Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Honiton, although Exmouth is the largest town. The district also contains the towns of Axminster, Budleigh Salterton, Cranbrook, Ottery St Mary, Seaton and Sidmouth, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district borders Teignbridge and the City of Exeter to the west, Mid Devon to the north, Somerset to the north-east, and Dorset to the east.

Two parts of the district are designated as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty: the Blackdown Hills in the north of the district and the East Devon AONB along the district's coast and adjoining areas. The East Devon coastline from Exmouth to the border with Dorset is also part of the designated World Heritage Site of the Jurassic Coast; the designated area continues into Dorset as far as the Old Harry Rocks near Swanage.
Bidesh Ranjan Bose
Bidesh Ranjan Bose, also known as Bidesh Bose or Bidesh Basu (born 15 November 1953), is a former Indian Bengali international footballer and politician from West Bengal. As a player, he appeared with Mohun Bagan AC in club football. He won the Uluberia Purba constituency seat in 2021 West Bengal assembly election as candidate of All India Trinamool Congress. He was awarded Banga Bhushan by the Government of West Bengal in 2014.

Mohun Bagan AC
Mohun Bagan Athletic Club is an Indian professional multi-sports club based in Kolkata, West Bengal. Founded in 1889, it is one of the oldest multi-sports clubs in Asia. The club has various sports departments like football, cricket, hockey, tennis, athletics and eSports.
Silin Dam
The Silin Dam (Chinese: 思林水坝) is a concrete gravity dam on the Wu River in Sinan County, Guizhou Province, China. The dam has an associated hydroelectric power plant with a 1,080 MW capacity utilizing 4 x 270 MW Francis turbine-generators. The dam is 310 m (1,017 ft) long, 117 m (384 ft) high and composed of roller-compacted concrete. Its reservoir has a 1,205,000,000 m3 (976,909 acre⋅ft) capacity, 184,000,000 m3 (149,171 acre⋅ft) of which is flood storage. The dam also supports ship lift. Construction on the dam began in October 2004, the dam began to impound the river in March 2008 and by May 2009, the power plant's first generator was operational. The remaining generators were operational by December 2009.

Sinan County, Guizhou
Sinan County (simplified Chinese: 思南县; traditional Chinese: 思南縣; pinyin: Sīnán Xiàn) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tongren, in the northeast of Guizhou Province, China. The government is located in Sitang.
Gaustad (surname)
Gaustad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dutch Gaustad (1889–1945), American football player

Edwin Gaustad (1923–2011), American historian

Gaustad, American musician

John Anders Gaustad (born 1980), Norwegian cross-country skier

Paul Gaustad (born 1982), American ice hockey player

Randi Gaustad (born 1942), Norwegian curator and art historian

Dutch Gaustad
Arthur Millert "Dutch" Gaustad (June 6, 1889 – March 23, 1945) was an American professional football player for the Minneapolis Marines. He played mostly left guard for the Marines for 17 seasons (1906–17, 1919–23), including two years in the National Football League (NFL). He coached the team in 1906.
James Johnson (Delaware politician)
James "J.J." Johnson (born February 25, 1943) is an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the Delaware House of Representatives from 2005 to 2019.

Prior to running for office, Johnson was a union worker at the former Chrysler plant in Newark, Delaware. He also served as president of the United Auto Workers and a member of the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists. During his time in office, he was a "leader in criminal justice reform" and a champion of workers' rights, racial equality, and economic justice.

Delaware House of Representatives
The Delaware State House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. It is composed of 41 Representatives from an equal number of constituencies, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Its members are not subject to term limits, and their terms start the day after the election. The House meets at the Delaware Legislative Hall in Dover.
Frank Chaloupka
Frank J. Chaloupka (born c. 1962) is an American professor of economics at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and an affiliate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He is an expert in the economic analysis of substance use disorders and on the effect of prices and substance control policies in affecting the demands for tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Chaloupka has authored over a hundred articles and several book chapters on topics within this area. He also works as a researcher on a Cancer Prevention And Control program.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Kugayama
35°43′15.14″N 139°35′45.82″E﻿ / ﻿35.7208722°N 139.5960611°E﻿ / 35.7208722; 139.5960611

Kugayama (久我山) is a neighbourhood of Tokyo in Suginami ward, west of Shinjuku in Japan.

Kugayama is a residential community located along the Keiō Inokashira Line. It is served by local and express trains. The surrounding stations are Fujimigaoka and Mitakadai.

Keio Inokashira Line
The Keio Inokashira Line (京王井の頭線, Keiō Inokashira-sen) is a railway line operated by the Japanese private railway operator Keio Corporation in the western suburbs of Tokyo, connecting Shibuya in Tokyo with Kichijōji in Musashino City. It is not physically connected to the Keio Main Line Network, but a transfer is available at Meidaimae Station. This line is 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge, unlike other Keio lines which are 1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in) gauge.
Peter Marler
Peter Robert Marler ForMemRS (February 24, 1928 – July 5, 2014) was a British-born American ethologist and zoosemiotician known for his research on animal sign communication and the science of  bird song. A 1964 Guggenheim Fellow, he was emeritus professor of neurobiology, physiology and ethology at  the University of California, Davis.

Wildlife Conservation Society
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is a global 501(c)(3) non-governmental organization, headquartered at the Bronx Zoo in New York City, with a mission to save "wildlife and wild places across the globe". Founded in 1895 as the New York Zoölogical Society (NYZS), the global conservation organization is, as of July 1, 2025, led by President and CEO Adam Falk. WCS manages four New York City wildlife parks in addition to the Bronx Zoo: the Central Park Zoo, New York Aquarium, Prospect Park Zoo, and Queens Zoo. Together, these parks receive 4 million visitors per year. All these facilities are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). WCS has a global program doing conservation work on the ground in more than 50 countries.
Muffy Styler
Muffy Styler is the professional name of Jenny Lee Mitchell, an American-born jazz singer, musician and performer based in New York City. She is a vocalist who also plays clarinet and percussion and regularly hosts burlesque/variety shows at  The Slipper Room in Manhattan.  At various speakeasies around the city, she is both singer and clarinetist with the Jazz Bastards, one of several musical groups with which she performs. As major musical influences, she counts Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan, Anita O’Day and Mel Torme.

Mel Tormé
Melvin Howard Tormé (September 13, 1925 – June 5, 1999), nicknamed "the Velvet Fog", was an American musician, singer, composer, arranger, drummer, actor, and author. He composed the music for "The Christmas Song" ("Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire") and co-wrote the lyrics with Bob Wells. Tormé won two Grammy Awards and was nominated a total of 14 times.
1993–94 NSL Cup
The 1993–94 NSL Cup was the 18th edition of the NSL Cup, which was the main national association football knockout cup competition in Australia.

Heidelberg United were the defending champions, having defeated Parramatta Eagles to win their first title in the previous season's final, but they were eliminated in the first round by Morwell Falcons.

Parramatta Eagles defeated Sydney United 2–0 in the final to win their second NSL Cup title.

Parramatta FC
Parramatta Football Club, commonly known as Parramatta Melita Eagles or just Melita, are a semi-professional Australian soccer club based in South Granville, New South Wales. The club was established by Maltese migrants in 1956 and played several seasons in the National Soccer League, winning the NSL Cup twice. Later they were in the New South Wales Premier League, which the club won on six occasions. The club currently competes in the NSW League Two (formerly National Premier Leagues NSW 3).
Dalić
Dalić (Croatian pronunciation: [dǎːlitɕ]) is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Martina Dalić (born 1967), Croatian economist

Zlatko Dalić (born 1966), Croatian footballer and manager

Martina Dalić
Martina Dalić (pronounced [martǐːna dǎːlitɕ]; née Štimec; born 12 November 1967) is a Croatian economist and finance official who was a Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia and Minister of Economy, Small and Medium Entrepreneurship and Crafts in the Cabinet of Andrej Plenković.

She was the first female Minister of Economy in Croatia (excluding Tamara Obradović-Mazal's two-day acting tenure in 2012). She was previously Croatia's first and to date only female Minister of Finance from 29 December 2010 to 23 December 2011 in the Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor. She is a member of the centre-right Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and resides in Zagreb.

From 3 February 2021 she is the President of the Management Board of Podravka, a large food company.
Anciens Etablissements Pieper
Anciens Etablissements Pieper was a Belgian arms manufacturer established under the name Henri Pieper in Herstal, Belgium in 1884 (some sources, 1866), by Henri Pieper. In 1898, it was renamed to Nicolas Pieper, and it became the Anciens Etablissements Pieper in 1905. It stayed in business until approximately 1950. The company used the Bayard trade name (after the legendary horse of Renaud de Montauban) and manufactured the 1888 Henri-Pieper rifle, the Pieper M1893 carbine, the Bergmann–Bayard pistol and the Bayard 1908 pistol. The company also produced a small pistol with a tip-up barrel ("basculant") to facilitate loading.

Bayard (legend)
Bayard (Modern French: [bajaʁ]; Dutch: Ros Beiaard or just Beiaard; Italian: Baiardo) is a magical bay horse in legends derived from the medieval chansons de geste. These texts, especially that of The Four Sons of Aymon, attribute to him magical qualities and a supernatural origin. He is known for his strength and intelligence, and possesses the supernatural ability to adjust his size to his riders.

Since the Middle Ages, Bayard has been an important figure in northern French and Belgian folklore, particularly in the Ardennes, notably in Bogny-sur-Meuse, Dinant, Namur and Dendermonde. Folk processions stage it among the processional giants, namely the Ducasse d'Ath and the Ommegang van Dendermonde. The widespread dissemination of his legend and its success have influenced many artists, as well as popular beliefs.
Temple Owls track and field
The Temple Owls track and field team is the track and field program that represents Temple University. The Owls compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference. The team is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Temple Sports Complex.

The program is coached by Eric Mobley (men) and Elvis Forde (women). The track and field program officially encompasses four teams, as the NCAA regards men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports. In 2014, the Temple Athletics board eliminated the men's track and field team but kept men's cross country running.

Travis Mahoney, who finished 5th at the 2019 Pan American Games, was called "the best track and field athlete in school history".

Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women championships
The Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women was founded in 1971 to govern collegiate women's athletics and to administer national championships.  During its existence, the AIAW and its predecessor, the Division for Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS), recognized via these championships the teams and individuals who excelled at the highest level of women's collegiate competition.

After the 1981–82 academic year, the AIAW discontinued sponsorship of national championships and later was legally dissolved.  At this time, the NCAA assumed sole sanctioning authority of its member schools' women's sports programs.
Sailing at the 1951 Pan American Games
Sailing at the 1951 Pan American Games was held at Buenos Aires in March 1951. Equipment classes were the Snipe dinghy and the Star keelboat. Argentina and Brazil finished one-two in the Snipe class, and the order was reversed for the Stars. The United States did not compete in the regatta.

Snipe (dinghy)
The Snipe is an American sailing dinghy that was designed by William F. Crosby as a one design racer and first built in 1931.

The boat is a World Sailing recognized international class.

Sailboatdata.com summarizes the design as "one of the most popular sailing dinghies ever. (In its heyday, the largest sailboat racing class). Origins in the US. Built, sailed and raced around the world to this day."