hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cathal mac Aodha Mág Samhradháin
Cathal mac Aodha Mág Samhradháin  (anglicised Charles McGovern) or Cathal Mág Samhradháin was chief of the McGovern Clan and Baron or Lord of Tullyhaw barony, County Cavan from 1504 until his death in 1512.

Lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers.
Serge Korber
Serge Korber (1 February 1936 – 23 January 2022) was a French film director and screenwriter. He directed more than 40 films between 1962 and 2007. Successful as the director of comedies starring Louis de Funès in L'homme orchestre and Perched on a Tree (co-starring Geraldine Chaplin), he earned acclaim with his tragical drama Hearth Fires starring Annie Girardot and Claude Jade as mother and daughter. This film was official French film at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival. He died in Brens on 23 January 2022, at the age of 85.

Claude Jade
Claude Marcelle Jorré, better known as Claude Jade (French: [klod ʒad]; 8 October 1948 – 1 December 2006), was a French actress. She starred as Christine in François Truffaut's three films Stolen Kisses (1968), Bed and Board (1970) and Love on the Run (1979). Jade acted in theatre, film and television. Her film work outside France, where she displays her talent in works such as My Uncle Benjamin (1969), The Boat on the Grass (1971) or The Pawn (1978), has Claude Jade included the Soviet Union, the United States (Alfred Hitchcock's Topaz), Italy, Belgium, Germany and Japan. She was most famous on television as the heroine of the mysterious adventure series The Island of Thirty Coffins (1979). She was also the leading actress in the first French daily soap opera, Cap des Pins (1998–2000). Her last role was playing Célimène in the 2006 theatre play and film Célimène et le cardinal.
The Frame (painting)
The Frame (El marco in Spanish) is a 1938 self-portrait by Frida Kahlo. The painting features Kahlo's self-portrait in oil on a sheet of aluminum framed in glass which she purchased from a market in Oaxaca, Mexico. Although the glass frame is included as part of the painting, the flowers, birds, and other details on the frame were painted prior to being purchased by Kahlo.

The painting is notable as the first work by a 20th-century Mexican artist to be purchased by a major international museum, when it was acquired by the Louvre in 1939. The painting is now shown at the Musée National d'Art Moderne in the Centre Pompidou in Paris. It was the only sale Kahlo made in her Paris exhibition. Upon Kahlo's death in 1954, the New York Times stated that she was "said to have been the first woman artist to sell a picture to the Louvre."

Musée National d'Art Moderne
The Musée National d'Art Moderne (French pronunciation: [myze nɑsjɔnal daʁ mɔdɛʁn]; "National Museum of Modern Art") is the national museum for modern art of France. It is located in the 4th arrondissement of Paris and is housed in the Centre Pompidou. In 2021 it ranked 10th in the list of most visited art museums in the world, with 1,501,040 visitors. It is one of the largest museums for modern and contemporary art in the world.
Gabriel Piemonte
Gabriel Francis Piemonte (January 28, 1909 in Boston, Massachusetts – June 30, 1991 in Boston, Massachusetts) was an American attorney and politician who was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1947 to 1952  and the Boston City Council from 1952 to 1960, 1962 to 1964, 1966 to 1968, and 1970 to 1974. In 1952 and from 1970 to 1972 he was the Council President.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for Suffolk County District Attorney in 1954, Mayor of Boston in 1959 and 1963 and Governor of Massachusetts in 1960.

Gabriel Piemonte was married to Evelyn Penta, and had four children; one son and three daughters.

Mayor of Boston
The mayor of Boston is the head of the municipal government in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Boston has a mayor–council government. Boston's mayoral elections are nonpartisan (as are all municipal elections in Boston), and elect a mayor to a four-year term; there are no term limits. The mayor's office is in Boston City Hall, in Government Center.

The current mayor of Boston is Michelle Wu.
King Push – Darkest Before Dawn: The Prelude
King Push – Darkest Before Dawn: The Prelude is the second studio album by American rapper Pusha T. It was released on December 18, 2015, by GOOD Music and Def Jam Recordings. The album was supported by three singles: "Untouchable", "M.F.T.R." featuring The-Dream and "Crutches, Crosses, Caskets". The album features guest appearances from The-Dream, Kanye West, ASAP Rocky, Ab-Liva, Beanie Sigel, Kehlani and Jill Scott, with production handled by a variety of high-profile record producers, including Kanye West, J. Cole, Timbaland, Q-Tip, Metro Boomin, Boi-1da, Hudson Mohawke and Puff Daddy, among others.

The album serves as a prelude for his third solo album, Daytona (originally titled King Push), which was released on May 25, 2018. King Push – Darkest Before Dawn: The Prelude received widespread acclaim from critics, who highly praised its unique lyricism and experimental production.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Intrepid (balloon)
The Intrepid was a hydrogen gas balloon or aerostat built for use by the Union Army Balloon Corps for aerial reconnaissance purposes during the American Civil War. It was one of seven balloons constructed for the Balloon Corps and was one of the four larger balloons designed to make ascensions to higher elevations with a larger lift capacity for telegraph equipment and an operator. It was the balloon of choice for Chief Aeronaut Thaddeus Lowe overlooking the Battle of Fair Oaks.

The fateful flight over the Battle of Fair Oaks was instrumental in saving the fragmented army of Union Army General Samuel P. Heintzelman from what would have been a sure defeat at the hands of the Confederates. The Intrepid undergoing lengthy inflation was quickly hooked up to the spout of the smaller Constitution by means of a de-bottomed camp kettle by which the gas was transferred in shorter time to make the ascent.

In 1983, the U.S. Postal Service honored the Intrepid with a postage stamp.

Gas balloon
A gas balloon is a balloon that rises and floats in the air because it is filled with a gas lighter than air (such as helium or hydrogen). When not in flight, it is tethered to prevent it from flying away and is sealed at the bottom to prevent the escape of gas. A gas balloon may also be called a Charlière for its inventor, the Frenchman Jacques Charles. Today, familiar gas balloons include large blimps and small latex party balloons. For nearly 200 years, well into the 20th century, manned balloon flight utilized gas balloons before hot-air balloons became dominant. Without power, heat or fuel, untethered flights of gas balloons depended on the skill of the pilot. Gas balloons have greater lift for a given volume, so they do not need to be so large, and they can stay up for much longer than hot air balloons.
Q5 (band)
Q5 is an American hard rock/heavy metal band from Seattle, Washington, which was formed in 1983. Their first studio album, titled Steel the Light, came out in 1984. Picking up critical praise, the outfit toured with the likes of Lita Ford and Twisted Sister. However, the group faced internal musical divisions that ultimately ended the project before the 1980s came to a close. They quickly reformed as Nightshade and played throughout the 1990's and early 2000's as Nightshade/Q5 In 2014, Q5 re-formed to perform at the Sweden Rock Festival, and  found that the one-off event was not enough, deciding to continue on with the revamped version of the group.

Lita Ford
Lita Rossana Ford (born September 19, 1958) is an American guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. She was the lead guitarist for the all-female rock band the Runaways in the late 1970s, and then embarked on a successful glam metal solo career that hit its peak in the late 1980s. The 1989 single "Close My Eyes Forever", a duet with Ozzy Osbourne, remains Ford's most successful song, reaching No. 8 on the US Billboard Hot 100.
Ruhail Ranjan
Ruhail Ranjan is an Indian politician and a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly representing the Islampur constituency in Bihar, India. He was elected in the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election as a candidate of the Janata Dal (United).

Islampur, Bihar Assembly constituency
Islampur is one of 243 constituencies of legislative assembly of Bihar.  It is a part of Nalanda Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Rajgir, Harnaut, Hilsa, Nalanda, Asthawan and Biharsharif.
Frank Scott Hogg
Frank Scott Hogg (July 26, 1904 – January 1, 1951) was a Canadian astronomer.  Hogg was born in Preston, Ontario to Dr. James Scott Hogg and Ida Barberon. After earning an undergraduate degree from the University of Toronto, Hogg received the second doctorate in astronomy awarded at Harvard University in 1929 where he pioneered in the study of spectrophotometry of stars and of spectra of comets. His supervisor there was Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. During World War II, he developed a two-star sextant for air navigation.  He was the head of the Department of Astronomy at the University of Toronto and director of the David Dunlap Observatory from 1946 until his death. During this time he pursued the observatory's major research program to study the motions of faint stars in the line of sight. He was married to fellow astronomer Helen Sawyer Hogg from 1930 until his death from a heart attack in 1951. The crater Hogg on the moon is co-named for him and Arthur Robert Hogg.

Cambridge, Ontario
Cambridge is a city in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, located at the confluence of the Grand and Speed rivers, in the central part of the Ontario Peninsula. The city had a population of 138,479 as of the 2021 census. Along with Kitchener and Waterloo, Cambridge is one of the three core cities of Canada's tenth-largest metropolitan area, the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.

Cambridge was formed in 1973 by the amalgamation of Galt, Preston, Hespeler, the settlement of Blair, North Dumfries, as well as east and west Galt. The former Galt covers the largest portion of Cambridge, making up the southern half of the city, while Preston and Blair cover the western side. Hespeler makes up the most northeastern section of Cambridge. Historical information and records of each entity are well documented in the Cambridge City Archives.
Tovaangar
Tovaangar (Tongva: "the world") refers to the Tongva world or homelands. It includes the greater area of the Los Angeles Basin, including the San Gabriel Valley, San Fernando Valley, northern Orange County, parts of San Bernardino County and Riverside County, and the southern Channel Islands, including San Nicholas, Santa Catalina, Santa Barbara, and San Clemente. The homelands of the Chumash are to the northwest, the Tataviam to the north, the Serrano and Cahuilla to the east, and the Acjachemen and Payómkawichum to the south.

Acjachemen
The Acjachemen (/ɑːˈxɑːtʃəmən/) are an indigenous people of California. Published maps often identify their ancestral lands as extending from the beach to the mountains, south from what is now known as Aliso Creek in Orange County to Las Pulgas Canyon in the northwestern part of San Diego County. However, sources also show that Acjachemen people shared sites with other indigenous nations as far north as Puvunga in contemporary Long Beach.
Igor Khalilov
Igor Khalilov (original name: Игорь Халилов, born (1972-06-13)13 June 1972) is an Uzbekistani male weightlifter, competing in the +105 kg category and representing Uzbekistan at international competitions. He participated at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the +108 kg event and at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the +105 kg event and also at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the +105 kg event. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 2003 World Weightlifting Championships.

Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's +105 kg
The men's +105 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on September 26.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.
Moreau envelope
The Moreau envelope (or the Moreau-Yosida regularization)  of a proper lower semi-continuous convex function  is a smoothed version of . It was proposed by Jean-Jacques Moreau in 1965.

The Moreau envelope has important applications in mathematical optimization: minimizing over  and minimizing over  are equivalent problems in the sense that the sets of minimizers of   and  are the same. However, first-order optimization algorithms can be directly applied to , since  may be non-differentiable while  is always continuously differentiable. Indeed, many proximal gradient methods can be interpreted as a gradient descent method over .

Semi-continuity
In mathematical analysis, semicontinuity (or semi-continuity) is a property of extended real-valued functions that is weaker than continuity. An extended real-valued function  is upper (respectively, lower) semicontinuous at a point  if, roughly speaking, the function values for arguments near  are not much higher (respectively, lower) than  Briefly, a function on a domain  is lower semi-continuous if its epigraph  is closed in , and upper semi-continuous if  is lower semi-continuous.

A function is continuous if and only if it is both upper  and lower semicontinuous. If we take a continuous function and increase its value at a certain point  to  for some , then the result is upper semicontinuous; if we decrease its value to  then the result is lower semicontinuous.

The notion of upper and lower semicontinuous function was first introduced and studied by René Baire in his thesis in 1899.
Lebanese National Symphony Orchestra
L’Orchestre Symphonique National du Liban (The Lebanese National Symphony Orchestra) was founded in late 1999 in Beirut under the guidance of Dr. Walid Gholmieh and the management of the Conservatoire Libanais (Lebanese National Higher Conservatory of Music). It gives 25 to 30 concerts per season at the church of the Saint Joseph University in Beirut and in other cities, playing a varied international repertoire by classical music composers.

The Orchestra has participated in the programs of the Al Bustan Winter Festival in Beit Mery and the Baalbeck International Festival.

They were also featured on an unreleased track by the band Gorillaz named "Whirlwind", from their third studio album Plastic Beach, but which was cut from it before its release.

Baalbeck International Festival
The Baalbeck International Festival (Arabic: مهرجانات بعلبك الدولية, romanized: Mahrajānāt Baʿlabakk ad-Duwaliyya; French: Festival International de Baalbeck) is a cultural event in Lebanon. Since 1955, people from around the world have gone to the city of Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon to attend the annual festival. Classical music, dance, theater, opera, and jazz as well as modern world music are performed each July and August in the ancient Roman Acropolis.
The presidents of the festival have been as follows: 
Aimée Kettaneh from 1956 to 1968,
Salwa es-Said from 1969 to 1972,
May Arida from 1973 to 2010 and
Nayla de Freige from 2011 to present.
State Boat Channel Bridge
The State Boat Channel Bridge is a twin-span bascule bridge in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It carries the Robert Moses Causeway over the Long Island New York State Boat Channel between Captree Island and Jones Beach Island, in Oak Beach and Captree on the Babylon–Islip town border.

Islip, New York
Islip (/ˈaɪslɪp/ EYE-slip) is a town in Suffolk County, New York, United States, on the South Shore of Long Island. The population was 339,938 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the fourth most populous city or town in the New York metropolitan area. The Town of Islip also contains a smaller, unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place named Islip, which serves as the town seat.
Svengali (1927 film)
Svengali is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Gennaro Righelli and starring Paul Wegener, Anita Dorris and André Mattoni. It was produced and written by Max Glass, an adaptation of the 1894 George du Maurier novel Trilby. This is one of the adaptations of the novel that shifts the focus of the story more to Svengali, since at this time anti-Semitism was on the rise in Germany, and Svengali was portrayed as an evil Jew in the film.

German actress Anita Dorris appeared in very few other silent films, none of which are well known today. Italian director Righelli on the other hand directed numerous films during his career, although his main claim to fame today is that he was the grandfather of Italian horror film director Sergio Martino. Svengali was remade in 1931 as a sound film starring John Barrymore.

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.
David Kohn
David Kohn (1838–1915) was a Russian archaeologist and Hebrew writer. He was born at Odessa and received a rabbinic education, but at the age of fourteen he took up the study of medieval literature and modern languages, and soon afterward, history and archaeology. Some of his early writings included essays on fossil animals, the life of Rabbi Solomon Bennet, the Messianic movement, and the origin of Hasidism. He also contributed to "Ha-Shiloaḥ."

Kohn was editor of the Aḥiasaf edition of Abraham ibn Ezra's "Diwan" (1894), as well as of Jacob Emden's autobiography and various other important works. He was also the first to attack Heinrich Graetz's criticism of the Biblical text, and to defend the Masorah. Besides the works already mentioned, he published: Meḥḳere Ḳohelet ben Dawid, a historico-critical introduction to the Book of Ecclesiastes; Masoret Seyag le-Miḳra, in defense of the Masorah against the hypercriticism of modern exegetes (1880); and Or we-Ḥoshek.

Jacob Emden
Jacob Emden, also known as the Yaʿavetz (June 4, 1697 – April 19, 1776), was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed traditional Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement. He was widely acclaimed for his extensive knowledge.

Emden was the son of the hakham Tzvi Ashkenazi and a descendant of Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chełm. He spent most of his life in Altona (now part of Hamburg, Germany). His son, Meshullam Solomon, served as rabbi of the Hambro Synagogue in London and claimed authority as Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom from 1765 to 1780.

The acronym Yaʿavetz (יעב״ץ, also rendered Yaavetz) is formed from his Hebrew name, Yaʿkov ben Tzvi (יעקב בן צבי).

Seven of his 31 works were published posthumously.
Euro Neuro
"Euro Neuro" is a song by Montenegrin singer Rambo Amadeus. The song was internally chosen to represent Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012; it was the first song performed at the contest in the first semi-final and failed to advance to the final. "Euro Neuro" is primarily sung in English, with some phrases in Montenegrin and German.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Arthur C. Upton
Arthur Canfield Upton (February 27, 1923 – February 14, 2015) was an American pathologist and radiation biologist. He was former director of the National Cancer Institute and known for his research in radiation biology of cancer.

Radiobiology
Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of radiation on living tissue  (including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), in particular health effects of radiation.

Ionizing radiation is generally harmful and potentially lethal to living things but can have health benefits in radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer and thyrotoxicosis. Its most common impact is the induction of cancer with a latent period of years or decades after exposure. High doses can cause visually dramatic radiation burns, and/or rapid fatality through acute radiation syndrome. Controlled doses are used for medical imaging and radiotherapy.
Bellarmine Preparatory School
Bellarmine Preparatory School is a private Catholic co-educational high school run by the USA West Province of the Society of Jesus in Tacoma, Washington. It is located in the Archdiocese of Seattle. Today, it serves just over 900 students from the Greater Tacoma area, including Olympia, Gig Harbor, Federal Way, and Puyallup. It was founded in 1928 by the Jesuits.

Habitat for Humanity
Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), generally referred to as Habitat for Humanity or Habitat, is a 501(c)(3) Christian nonprofit organization which seeks to build affordable housing.  It is headquartered in Americus, Georgia, United States. As of 2023, Habitat for Humanity operates in more than 70 countries.

Habitat for Humanity works to help build and improve homes for families of low-income or disadvantaged backgrounds. Homes are built using volunteer labor, including that of Habitat homeowners through the practice of sweat equity, as well as paid contractors for certain construction or infrastructure activities as needed. Habitat makes no profit from the sales.

The organization operates with financial support from individuals, philanthropic foundations, corporations, government entities, and mass media companies.