hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atsugewi language
Atsugewi is a recently extinct Palaihnihan language of northeastern California spoken by the Atsugewi people of Hat Creek and Dixie Valley. In 1962, there were four fluent speakers out of an ethnic group of 200, all elderly, and the last of them died in 1988. The last fluent native speaker was Medie Webster; as of 1988, other tribal members knew some expressions in the language. For a summary of the documentation of Atsugewi see Golla (2011: 98–99).

Atsugewi is related to Achumawi. They have long been considered as part of the hypothetical Hokan stock, and it has been supposed that within that stock they comprise the Palaihnihan family.

The name properly is Atsugé, to which the -wi of the Achumawi or Pit River language was erroneously suffixed.

Hat Creek, California
Hat Creek is a census designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California. Hat Creek is situated at an elevation of 3,422 feet (1,043 m). Its population is 266 as of the 2020 census, down from 309 from the 2010 census.

Hat Creek is located 26 miles (42 km) north of Lassen Park, 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Burney (9 miles (14 km) south of the junction of hwy 89 and 299), and 15 miles (24 km) south of Burney Falls. Its zip code is 96040. Wired telephone numbers are from the Burney central office and follow the pattern 530-335-xxxx. Hat Creek is home to the Hat Creek Radio Observatory, run by SETI Institute.

The town's main economies are tourism, fishing, camping, and lodging. It's a travel hot spot in Shasta County, about 70 miles (110 km) east of Redding, California and about the same distance to Susanville, California.

In 2021 the town was threatened by the Dixie Fire.
Kim Joo-jin
Kim Joo-jin (or Kim Ju-jin, Korean: 김주진, born 21 June 1986) is a male judoka from South Korea.

On 9 February 2008, he won the gold medal in the ‍–‍66 kg at the Super World Cup (Tournoi de Paris), beating 2004 Olympic champion Masato Uchishiba by ippon in the final. Kim also won a bronze medal in the ‍–‍66 kg at the 2008 Asian Judo Championships in Jeju, South Korea. He competed in the half-lightweight division at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Jeju City
Jeju City (Korean: 제주시, romanized: Jeju-si; Korean pronunciation: [tɕe̞.dʑu]) is the capital of the Jeju Province in South Korea and the largest city on Jeju Island. The city is served by Jeju International Airport (IATA code CJU).

Located on an island off the Korean Peninsula, Jeju has mild, warm weather during much of the year (September 79°
October 70°
November 61°
December 51°)  The city is a well-known resort, with prestigious hotels and public casino facilities. In 2011, 9.9 million passengers flew between the two cities of Seoul and Jeju, making the Gimpo–Jeju route the world's busiest passenger air route.

Jeju welcomes over ten million visitors every year, mainly from the South Korean mainland, Japan, and China. The population of Jeju City is 486,604 people and 225,139 households (244,468 men and 245,136 women, May 2024). The population density is 503.18 (per square km, 2020).
Sandra Jovchelovitch
Sandra Jovchelovitch, is a Brazilian born social psychologist, currently Professor of Social Psychology and Director of the MSc program in Social and Cultural Psychology at the Institute of Social Psychology at the London School of Economics (LSE), of which she has served as head since August 2007.  Dr. Jovchelovitch is co-editor of the Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology and directs a book series on Contemporary Social Psychology for the Brazilian publishing house Vozes. She also serves on the editorial boards of the European Journal of Social Psychology and Psicologia e Sociedade. She has held appointments at the Maison de Sciences de l'Homme, under the auspices of CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Science and Technology) and also teaches regularly in Brazil, being on the faculty (Associate Professor) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).

Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology
The Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers dealing with social psychology and community psychology in the context of community problems and strengths. The journal is aimed at community practitioners and community/social psychology professionals and researchers. The editor-in-chief was Flora Cornish (London School of Economics & Political Science) until 2016. Orla Muldoon of the Dept of Psychology at the University of Limerick took over at this stage.
Augustina Stridsberg
Augustina Stridsberg, formerly Augustina Jirku (1892–1978), was an American citizen, and the mother of Margietta Voge (née Jirku).  Both mother and daughter worked for Soviet intelligence between 1943 and 1944.  Stridsberg worked for the KGB San Francisco office. Her code name with Soviet intelligence, as deciphered by the Venona project, was "Klara".

Stridsberg was also a writer and an interpreter as well as a literary translator.

Language interpretation
Interpretation is translation from a spoken or signed language into another language, usually in real time to facilitate live communication. It is distinguished from the translation of a written text, which can be more deliberative and make use of external resources and tools.

The most common two modes of interpretation are simultaneous, which is performed contemporaneously with the expression of the source language, and consecutive, where the interpreted speech is heard only during associated breaks in the original speech.

Interpretation is an ancient human activity which predates the invention of writing.
Lovedale Press
Lovedale Press is a small South African publishing company that has its origins in 1823 at the Gwali (Chumie or Tyumie) Mission, located in Tyume valley in Alice (now Dikeni) in the Eastern Cape. John Bennie, (a brilliant linguist) from the Glasgow Mission Society (GMS) was joined by John Ross in 1823, who brought the Ruthven Printing Press and printed the first Xhosa words in December 1823. The church used the press to publish works that mirrored Scottish missionary values, and develop potential through education and evangelism.

Mhudi
Mhudi: An Epic of South African Native Life a Hundred Years Ago is a South African novel by Sol Plaatje, first published in 1930. The novel has been republished many times, including in the influential Heinemann African Writers Series.

The novel is a political historical novel which explores the development of the Traansval kingdom, led by Matabeleland. The novel was originally finished in 1920, but Plaatje was unable to get the novel published. The novel re-envisions the standard Eurocentric narrative of history, which supported Apartheid and its racist infrastructure.

Plaatje described the novel as a romance, comparing it to the Zulu novels of H. Rider Haggard.
Ghaseti Bibi Mosque
Ghaseti Bibi Mosque (Bengali: ঘসেটি বিবির মসজিদ) or Ghaseti Begum’s Kuthibari is a historic mosque located in Shoula village of Kalaia Union, Bauphal Upazila, Patuakhali District, Bangladesh. It was built by Ghaseti Begum, the eldest daughter of Nawab Alivardi Khan and the aunt of Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah. It is believed that the mosque was constructed about three and a half centuries ago. At present, the mosque is under the supervision of the archaeology department.

Department of Archaeology (Bangladesh)
Department of Archaeology (Bengali: প্রত্নতত্ত্ব অধিদপ্তর, pronounced [baŋladeʃ protnototto ɔdʱidoptor]) is one of the government agency of Bangladesh. By the Laws of Archaeology 1964 (amended in 1976) this agency maintains the conservation and preservation of archaeological sites in the country. Since 2013, the department has been running its activities from the Administration Building situated in Agargaon in Dhaka.
War of attrition (game)
In game theory, the war of attrition is a dynamic timing game in which players choose a time to stop, and fundamentally trade off the strategic gains from outlasting other players and the real costs expended with the passage of time. Its precise opposite is the pre-emption game, in which players elect a time to stop, and fundamentally trade off the strategic costs from outlasting other players and the real gains occasioned by the passage of time. The model was originally formulated by John Maynard Smith; a mixed evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) was determined by Bishop & Cannings.  An example is a second price all-pay auction, in which the prize goes to the player with the highest bid and each player pays the loser's low bid (making it an all-pay sealed-bid second-price auction).

John Maynard Smith
John Maynard Smith FRS (6 January 1920 – 19 April 2004) was a British theoretical and mathematical evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Originally an aeronautical engineer during the Second World War, he took a second degree in genetics under the biologist J. B. S. Haldane. Maynard Smith was instrumental in the application of game theory to evolution with George R. Price, and theorised on other problems such as the evolution of sex and signalling theory.
Fudge 44
Fudge 44 is a 2005 Irish film directed by Graham Jones. It is a mockumentary about six puppets in an insolvent Tokyo children's puppet theatre who locals believe came to life and robbed a nearby bank to avoid being put out of business.

The Irish premiere took place on June 24, 2006 at the 7th International Darklight Festival, the Canadian premiere at RHIFF in Toronto on June 20 where it won an experimental award and the World Premiere at The Delray Beach Film Festival in Florida on March 10. The film was also winner of the 2007 Most Original Film Award at The Backseat Film Festival in Philadelphia and nominated for a 2006 Irish Digital Media Award.

Graham Jones (director)
Graham Jones (born 25 November 1973) is an Irish filmmaker.

He made his first feature film How to Cheat in the Leaving Certificate in 1997 which caused controversy when it was condemned by the Junior Minister for Education Willie O'Dea. It marked the beginning of a career in which Jones would explore many difficult subjects through independent movies including suicide, prostitution, homelessness, evolution, gender and the impact of the internet upon art.

Variety Magazine describes him as "a very talented director".  He wrote Irish Ghost, English Accent in 2010.
Martew
Martew [ˈmartɛf] (German: Marthe) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Tuczno, 27 km (17 mi) south-west of Wałcz, and 105 km (65 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 100.

In the village there is a historic half-timbered church of Our Lady of the Rosary, dating back to the 17th century.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.

Tuczno
Tuczno [ˈtut͡ʂnɔ] (German: Tütz, earlier Tietz) is a town and former pre-diocesan Catholic see in Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland, with 1,900 inhabitants (2010).

It is the home of the restored Tuczno Castle, which is a popular place for conferences.

There is a Michael Jackson Street in Tuczno, the first of its kind in Poland.
McMorris
McMorris is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cathy McMorris Rodgers (born 1969), American politician

Charles McMorris (1890–1954), United States Navy admiral

Craig McMorris (born 1991), Canadian snowboarder

Don McMorris (born 1961), Canadian politician

Easton McMorris (born 1935), Jamaican cricketer

Glenn McMorris, American kickboxer and karateka

Jerry McMorris (died 2012), American baseball executive

Kristina McMorris, American writer

Lois McMorris, American rock musician

Mark McMorris (born 1993), Canadian snowboarder

Patrick McMorris (born 2001), American football player

Mark McMorris
Mark Lee McMorris (born December 9, 1993) is a Canadian professional snowboarder who specializes in slopestyle and big air events. A three-time Olympic bronze medallist, he placed third in each of the 2014 Winter Olympics, 2018 Winter Olympics, and 2022 Winter Olympics in the slopestyle event. While filming for Transworld Snowboarding's "Park Sessions" video in March 2011, Mark became the first person to land a Backside Triple Cork 1440. More recently, on April 28, 2018, Mark landed the world's first Double Cork off a rail, the Front-Board Double Cork 1170, with a melancholy grab. Mark McMorris has won a record-setting 25 X Games medals, In 2012 and 2013, Mark won back-to-back gold medals in Winter X Games in the slopestyle event. In 2023 he defended his Winter X Games gold medal in the men's slopestyle to set a record for the most Winter X Games medals with 22.

He has also appeared in many videos for Transworld Snowboarding, Burton, Red Bull, CBC, SUBWAY, and Shredbots.
1945 Football League War Cup final
The 1945 Football League War Cup final was the last final of the Football League War Cup, a cup competition held in England during the Second World War as a replacement for the suspended FA Cup. The match was a play-off between the winners of the North and South competitions, respectively Bolton Wanderers and Chelsea. The match took place on 2 June 1945, and was staged at Stamford Bridge, Chelsea's home ground. Bolton won the match 2–1.

Football League War Cup
The Football League War Cup was an association football tournament held between 1939 and 1945. It aimed to fill the gap left in English football by the suspension of the FA Cup during the Second World War. Though it was often referred to in contemporary coverage as the "League Cup" or "Football League Cup", it is not to be confused with the later English football competition with the same name, which was formed in 1960 and is currently known as the EFL Cup. As with all wartime football in England, records and statistics from the competition are not considered official.
Caliciopsis pinea
Caliciopsis pinea, or Caliciopsis pine canker, is a species of fungus in the family Coryneliaceae.

It is most often found on Pinus strobus in New England, New York, Virginia, West Virginia, Quebec and Ontario. It has also been found on Pinus rigida, Pinus pungens, Pinus echinata, Pinus resinosus, and Pinus virginiana in North America. It has also been reported in Europe on Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata, Pinus pumilo, and Abies species.

The fungus forms an insect/disease complex with white pine bast scale (Matsucoccus macrocicatrices), which causes branch and sapling mortality in Pinus strobus.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Strata (food)
Strata is a family of layered casserole dishes in American cuisine.

The most common modern variant is a brunch dish, made from a mixture which mainly consists of bread, eggs and cheese. It may also include meat or vegetables. The usual preparation requires the bread to be layered with the filling in order to produce layers (strata).  It was popularized in the 1984 Silver Palate Good Times Cookbook by Julee Rosso and Sheila Lukins. The first known recipe, the cheese strata, dates back to 1902 and contains bread, white sauce and cheese.

Other recipes merely require that the ingredients are mixed together, like a savory bread pudding. A beaten egg mixture is then poured over the ingredients. It is served warm.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.
Sip Song Chau Tai
The Sip Song Chau Tai ("Twelve Tai cantons"; Vietnamese: Mười hai châu Thái or Mười hai xứ Thái; Thai: สิบสองจุไท or สิบสองเจ้าไท; Lao: ສິບສອງຈຸໄຕ or ສິບສອງເຈົ້າໄຕ; Chinese: 泰族十二州; Tai Dam: ꪵꪠ꪿ꪙꪒꪲꪙꪼꪕ "Tai Federation") was a confederation of Tai Dam ("Black Tai"), Tai Dón ("White Tai") and Tai Daeng ("Red Tai") chiefdoms in the mountainous north-west of today's Vietnam, dating back at least to the 17th century.

It became an autonomous part of the French protectorate of Tonkin, and thereby of French Indochina, in 1889. In 1948, during the period of the First Indochina War, it was transformed into the Tai Federation (French: Fédération Taï, Vietnamese: Thái liên-đoàn) that was recognized as an autonomous component of the French Union.

In 1950 it was made a crown domain of Vietnamese emperor Bảo Đại without being integrated into the State of Vietnam. It was dissolved after the Geneva Agreements of 1954.

Điện Biên Phủ
Điện Biên Phủ (Vietnamese: [ɗîənˀ ɓīən fû] ⓘ, chữ Hán: 奠邊府) was a city in the northwestern region of Vietnam. It was the capital of Điện Biên Province before the 2025 Vietnamese administrative reform. The city is best known for the decisive Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, which occurred during the First Indochina War of independence against France. The region is a center of ethnic Tai culture. In prior history, the city was formerly called Muang Thaeng.

Điện Biên Phủ lies in Mường Thanh Valley, a 20 km (12 mi) long and 6 km (3.7 mi) wide basin sometimes described as "heart-shaped." It is on the western edge of Điện Biên Province, of which it is the capital, and is only about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the border with Laos.

Until the creation of the province in 2004, Điện Biên Phủ was part of Lai Châu Province. The Vietnamese government elevated Điện Biên Phủ to town status in 1992, and to city status in 2003.
Derveni, Thessaloniki
Derveni (Greek: Δερβένι) is a location in Mygdonia, Greece, between Efkarpia and Lagyna, approximately ten kilometers north-east of Thessaloniki. At Derveni an archeological site is located where a necropolis was discovered, part of a cemetery of the ancient city of Lete. Valuable artifacts were uncovered at this site, including the Derveni papyrus and Derveni krater.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
Garden design
Garden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals of varying levels of experience and expertise. Most professional garden designers have some training in horticulture and the principles of design. Some are also landscape architects, a more formal level of training that usually requires an advanced degree and often a state license. Amateur gardeners may also attain a high level of experience from extensive hours working in their own gardens, through casual study, serious study in Master gardener programs, or by joining gardening clubs.

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
Rudozem
Rudozem (Bulgarian: Рудозем [rudoˈzɛm]) is a town in southern Bulgaria, near the Greek border, located in the Rhodope Mountains, where the Elhovo and Chepino rivers flow into the Arda, and is part of Smolyan Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Rudozem Municipality. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 3,583.

The name Rudozem is a compound word made up of Bulgarian ruda (руда) meaning "ore"; and the root zem (зем) meaning "land". It refers to the wealth of the area in mineral resources. Its former name is Palas. During the rule of the Ottoman Empire, it was part of the Ottoman İskeçe sanjak in Edirne vilayet between 1867 and 1912.

Rudozem Heights on Fallières Coast in Antarctica is named after the town.

Since 1 January 2025, Rudozem is linked to Xanthi in Greece via the Aegean Pass and the Rudozem-Xanthi border crossing.

Fallières Coast
The Fallières Coast is that portion of the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between the head of Bourgeois Fjord and Cape Jeremy and lies on Marguerite Bay and the Wordie Ice Shelf. On the south it is joined by Rymill Coast, and in the north by Loubet Coast. Fallières Coast was first explored in January 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under J.B. Charcot, who named it for Armand Fallières, then President of France.
Saharu Nusaiba Kannanari
Saharu Nusaiba Kannanari is an Indian author best known for his debut novel, Chronicle of an Hour and a Half. This novel was shortlisted for the JCB prize and was the winner of the Crossword Award for Indian English writers in 2024.

Crossword Book Award
The Crossword Book Award (formerly known as the Crossword Book Award (1998–2003), the Hutch Crossword Book Award (2004–07), the Vodafone Crossword Book Award (2008–10), the Economist Crossword Book Award (2011–13), Raymond & Crossword Book Award (2014–present)) is an Indian book award hosted by Crossword Bookstores and their sponsors. The Award was instituted in 1998 by Indian book retailer Crossword with the intention of competing with The Booker Prize, Commonwealth Writers' Prize or The Pulitzer Prize.