hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Susan M. Ross
Susan M. Ross, OAQ, MRAIC, FAPT, is a Canadian architect, educator, and academic who has held positions in multiple Canadian universities and worked nationally and internationally. She is known for her publications and teachings in sustainable Heritage Conservation in Canada. Her research into sustainable heritage conservation is expansive and ranges from understanding historic urban infrastructure landscapes to discerning the intersection of heritage and waste through deconstruction and reuse. Ross was inducted into the College of Fellows of the Association for Preservation Technology in 2013.

Heritage conservation in Canada
In Canada, heritage conservation deals with actions or processes that are aimed at safeguarding the character-defining elements of a cultural resource so as to retain its heritage value and extend its physical life. Historic objects and places in Canada may be granted special designation by any of the three levels of government: the federal government, the provincial governments, or a municipal government.
The National Trust for Canada (formerly Heritage Canada Foundation) acts as Canada's lead advocacy organization for heritage buildings and landscapes.
Jaybird Cave
Jaybird Cave is a cave located in Perry County, Tennessee. The cave is located in a hollow near the Buffalo River northeast of Lobelville. The cave reportedly served as shelter for Henri DeLobel, the founder of Lobelville. There is archeological evidence of saltpeter mining in the cave. It is a roosting location for the endangered little brown bat. In 2013, white nose syndrome was detected in the cave.

Potassium nitrate
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula KNO3. It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K+ and nitrate anions NO−3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the United States). It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter. Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpetre (or saltpeter in American English).

Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks. It is one of the major constituents of traditional gunpowder (black powder). In processed meats, potassium nitrate reacts with hemoglobin and myoglobin generating a red color.
Kal Bhairab, Nepal
Kal Bhairab is a village development committee in Dailekh District in the Bheri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3787 people living in 713 individual households.

In Kal Bhairab there are two villages: Bhukahan and Toryan. In Bhukahan, Bhatu, Bhairabthan, Rumalthan, Amaldharaghara, Baradanda, and Okhaldhunga are famous places. In Torayan, Palta and Lamagada are famous places.

Dailekh District
Dailekh District  (Nepali: दैलेख जिल्ला pronounced [dʌi̯lekʰ] ⓘ) a part of Karnali Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dailekh as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,502 km2 (580 sq mi) and had a population of 225,201 in 2001 and 261,770 in 2011.
Malli (film)
Malli is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language children's film directed by Santosh Sivan. The film met with widespread critical acclaim upon release, and has been shown at many film festivals including the Toronto International Film Festival and the New York International Children's Film Festival. It won the  Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation at the 46th National Film Awards.

The film revolves around the story of Malli (P. Shwetha), a poor girl who meets an old, local storyteller, who shares with her a story of a magical blue stone that can cure her best friend's muteness. With new horizons to pursue, she sets off to find this mysterious blue wishing stone.

46th National Film Awards
The 46th National Film Awards, presented by Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema released in the year 1998. Ceremony took place on 15 February 2000 and awards were given by then President of India, K. R. Narayanan.
Provisional Government of the Northern Region
The Provisional Government of the Northern Region (Severnaya Oblast), also called Severnyy Krai, was a White movement, Anti-Bolshevik left-wing, and Allied provisional government and a krai of the Russian State.

Arkhangelsk Governorate
64°32′N 40°32′E﻿ / ﻿64.533°N 40.533°E﻿ / 64.533; 40.533

Arkhangelsk Governorate (Russian: Архангельская губерния, romanized: Arkhangel'skaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. Its seat was in Arkhangelsk. The governorate was located in the north of the Russian Empire and bordered Tobolsk Governorate in the east, Vologda Governorate in the south, Olonets Governorate in the southwest, Sweden (later Grand Duchy of Finland and later independent Finland) in the west, and Norway in north-west. In the north, the governorate was limited by the White and Barents Seas.

The area of the governorate is currently split between Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblasts, the Komi Republic, the Republic of Karelia, and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Super Robot Wars MX
Super Robot Wars MX (スーパーロボット大戦MX, Sūpā Robotto Taisen Emu Ekkusu) is a video game for the PlayStation 2. It is part of the Super Robot Wars series by Banpresto, and it was released on May 27, 2004. It was later ported to the PlayStation Portable on December 19, 2005, with minor gameplay tweaks, titled Super Robot Wars MX Portable.

Mecha anime and manga
Mecha, also known as giant robot or simply robot, is a genre of anime and manga that feature mecha in battle. The genre is broken down into two subcategories; "super robot", featuring super-sized, implausible robots, and "real robot", where robots are governed by realistic physics and technological limitations.

Mecha series cover a wide variety of genres, from action to comedy to drama, and the genre has expanded into other media, such as video game adaptations. Mecha has also contributed to the popularity of scale model robots.
Kapellen railway station
Kapellen is a railway station in the town of Kapellen, Antwerp, Belgium. The station opened on 26 June 1854 on the Antwerp–Lage Zwaluwe railway, known in Belgium as Line 12. Just outside the station, to the north, on the east-side there is a single rail fork towards the military domain of Brasschaat. This fork leaves from the only stabling track between Noorderdokken and Essen. When the schedule is disrupted the slow train is often put on the sidetrack so that the express trains can pass the slow train.

Antwerp–Lage Zwaluwe railway
The Antwerp–Lage Zwaluwe railway (railway line 12 in the Belgian numbering plan) is an international railway line running from Antwerp in Belgium to Lage Zwaluwe in the Netherlands. The line was opened between 1854 and 1876. The opening of the high speed lines HSL 4 and HSL-Zuid in 2009 has decreased its importance for international passenger traffic. there is still a local international NMBS S32 train from Roosendaal to Puurs via Antwerp central  once an hour along with a few other Belgian domestic IC/ and a second hourly S32 but only as far as Essen station.
Ernest Grafford Peart
Ernest Grafford Peart (May 11, 1918 – April 24, 1981) was a Jamaican politician and diplomat.

From 1959 to 1971 he was Member of the Parliament of Jamaica for the People's National Party, Western Manchester Parish constituency. In 1962 he was elected with 8561 votes. While an MP, he sat on the Parliamentary Public Accounts Committee.

In 1972 he was appointed Minister of Labour, followed by Minister of Works from 1976 to 1978. From  September 10, 1978 to April 24, 1981 he was High Commissioner (Commonwealth) in London.

People's National Party
The People's National Party (PNP) (Jamaican Patois: Piipl’s Nashinal Paati)  is a social democratic political party in Jamaica, founded in 1938 by Norman Washington Manley who served as party president until his death in 1969.  It holds 28 of the 63 seats in the House of Representatives, and 96 of the 227 local government divisions. The party is democratic socialist by constitution.

The party is a member of COPPPAL and a full member of Socialist International. From 1957-62, the party was a member of the West Indies Federal Labour Party in the Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation.
Begum Tabassum Hasan
Begum Tabassum Hasan (born 1970) is a Samajwadi Party political activist, former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from the Kairana Lok Sabha Constituency in Uttar Pradesh, and wife of former MP late Chaudhary Munawwar Hasan. She has been with Bahujan Samaj Party, Ajit Singh's Rashtriya Lok Dal, and Samajwadi Party.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.
Second Battle of Charleston Harbor order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate Army units and commanders fought in the Siege of Charleston Harbor of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately.

The following lists contain the commanders and units involved in the operations against Charleston Harbor from July to September 1863.  The first phase from July 10–18 includes the initial engagements at First Fort Wagner, Grimball's Landing and Second Fort Wagner.  The second phase from July 19-September 8 includes siege operations against Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter.

Second Battle of Fort Wagner
The Second Battle of Fort Wagner, also known as the Second Assault on Morris Island or the Battle of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, was fought on July 18, 1863, during the American Civil War. Union Army troops commanded by Brig. Gen. Quincy Gillmore launched an unsuccessful assault on the Confederate fortress of Fort Wagner, which protected Morris Island, south of Charleston Harbor. The battle occurred one week after the First Battle of Fort Wagner. Although it was a Confederate victory, the valor of the Black Union soldiers was widely praised. This had long-term strategic benefits by encouraging more African Americans to enlist, affording the Union a manpower resource that the Confederacy could not match for the remainder of the war.
2018 Canberra Tennis International – Men's doubles
Alex Bolt and Bradley Mousley were the defending champions but only Mousley chose to defend his title, partnering Akira Santillan. Mousley lost in the quarterfinals to Evan Hoyt and Wu Tung-lin.

Hoyt and Wu won the title after defeating Jeremy Beale and Thomas Fancutt 7–6(7–5), 5–7, [10–8] in the final.

Akira Santillan
Akira Santillan (アキラ サンティラン, Santiran Akira; born 22 May 1997) is a Japanese tennis player. He represents Japan in competitions, though he played for Australia from 2010 to 2015, and from 2017 to 2025.
Kazakhs in China
Kazakhs in China (Chinese: 中国哈萨克族; Kazakh: جۇڭگو قازاقتارى) form the largest community of Kazakhs outside Kazakhstan. They are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. There is one Kazakh autonomous prefecture – Ili in Xinjiang – and three Kazakh autonomous counties – Aksay in Gansu, and Barkol and Mori in Xinjiang.

Autonomous county
Autonomous counties (Chinese: 自治县) and autonomous banners (Chinese: 自治旗) are county-level autonomous administrative divisions of China. Autonomous counties tend to have a large number of ethnic minority citizens compared to ordinary counties (if not an outright majority), or are the historic home of a significant minority population.

There are 117 autonomous counties and three autonomous banners. The latter are found in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the former are found everywhere else.
Aimee Lou Wood
Aimee Lou Wood  (born 3 February 1994) is an English actress and writer. She began her career on stage, appearing in productions of Mary Stuart (2016–2017) and People, Places and Things (2017). Her screen debut came with the Netflix comedy series Sex Education (2019–2023), winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Female Comedy Performance. While starring on Sex Education, she appeared in the West End productions Uncle Vanya (2020) and Cabaret (2023), and in the films The Electrical Life of Louis Wain (2021) and Living (2022).

Wood was nominated for the BAFTA Rising Star Award in 2023. She starred in the comedy series Daddy Issues (2024–present) and the drama series The White Lotus (2025), the latter of which brought her nominations for the Actor Award, Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. She also created and starred in the BBC Three television series Film Club (2025).

Actor Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series
The Actor Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series is an award given by the Screen Actors Guild to honor the finest acting achievements in Dramatic Television.

Julianna Margulies holds the record for most nominations in this category with nine as well as the most wins with four, two for ER and two for The Good Wife. Gillian Anderson and Edie Falco each have three wins followed by Viola Davis, Claire Foy, Allison Janney, and Sandra Oh with two wins.
Miguel Gonçalves Mendes
Miguel Gonçalves Mendes (born September 2, 1978 in Covilhã) is a Portuguese film director, screenwriter and producer.
He is the author of José and Pilar (2010), a documentary about writer and Nobel Prize winner José Saramago, co-produced by Pedro Almodóvar (Talk to Her, The Skin I Live In) and his brother Agustín, and Fernando Meirelles (City of God and The Constant Gardener). In 2011, after a successful international festival circuit, the movie spurred an unprecedented popular movement in Portugal resulting on a petition signed by 1400 people (0.00014% of Portugal's population), which in turn sparked a debate over Portuguese cinema and a campaign for the Oscar nominations in Los Angeles and New York. Currently, Miguel is at the post-production stage of his new documentary, The Meaning of Life, produced by Fernando Meirelles, which has been dealing with issues to raise finishing funds.

The Constant Gardener (film)
The Constant Gardener is a 2005 drama thriller film directed by Fernando Meirelles. The screenplay by Jeffrey Caine is based on John le Carré's 2001 novel. The story follows Justin Quayle (Ralph Fiennes), a British diplomat in Kenya, as he tries to solve the murder of his wife Tessa (Rachel Weisz), an Amnesty International activist, alternating with flashbacks telling the story of their relationship.

The film's title derives from Justin's gentle but diligent attention to his plants throughout the film. The film was a critical and box office success and earned four Oscar nominations, winning Best Supporting Actress for Weisz.
Residual sodium carbonate index
The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) index of irrigation water or soil water is used to indicate the alkalinity hazard for soil.  The RSC index is used to find the suitability of the water for irrigation in clay soils which have a high cation exchange capacity. When dissolved sodium in comparison with dissolved calcium and magnesium is high in water, clay soil swells or undergoes dispersion which drastically reduces its infiltration capacity.

In the dispersed soil structure, the plant roots are unable to spread deeper into the soil due to lack of moisture. However, high RSC index water does not enhance the osmotic pressure to impede the off take of water by the plant roots unlike high salinity water. Clay soils irrigation with high RSC index water leads to fallow alkali soils formation.

Dispersion (geology)
Dispersion is a process that occurs in soils that are particularly vulnerable to erosion by water. In soil layers where clays are saturated with sodium ions ("sodic soils"), soil can break down very easily into fine particles and wash away. This can lead to a variety of soil and water quality problems, including:

large soil losses by gully erosion and tunnel erosion

Soil structural degradation, clogging and sealing where dispersed particles settle

Suspended soil causing turbidity in water and transporting nutrients off the land.
Crypt (C)
crypt is a POSIX C library function. It is typically used to compute the hash of user account passwords. The function outputs a text string which also encodes the salt (usually the first two characters are the salt itself and the rest is the hashed result), and identifies the hash algorithm used (defaulting to the "traditional" one explained below). This output string forms a password record, which is usually stored in a text file.

More formally, crypt provides cryptographic key derivation functions for password validation and storage on Unix systems.

C POSIX library
The C POSIX library is a specification of a C standard library for POSIX systems. It was developed at the same time as the ANSI C standard. Some effort was made to make POSIX compatible with standard C; POSIX includes additional functions to those introduced in standard C. On the other hand, the 5 headers that were added to the C standard library with C11, were not likewise included in subsequent revisions of POSIX.

It may be included in any C++ project, however the C++ standard library may have its own implementation of certain features, such as <regex> rather than <regex.h>, <thread> rather than <pthread.h>, or <semaphore> rather than <semaphore.h>.
Magane En Marumagane
Magane En Marumagane (transl. Son, My Son-in-law) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama film written and directed by T. P. Gajendran. The film stars Vivek, Mithun, and Yamini Sharma, while Thenmozhi, Nassar, Saranya, Livingston, and Thambi Ramaiah play supporting roles. The music was composed by Dhina with cinematography by Raja Rajan and editing by Ganesh. The film was launched on 14 July 2008 and released on 21 May 2010.

Saranya Ponvannan
Saranya Ponvannan (born Sheela Christina) is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam and a few Kannada language films. She also acted in one Hindi movie  Chup: Revenge of the Artist in 2022. Saranya made her acting debut in a lead role in Mani Ratnam's Nayakan (1987) and went on to play lead roles from 1987 to 1996. Following an eight-year sabbatical, she returned to films in 2003 as a character actor roles. In her career spanning around over 25 years she had won a number of accolades including one National Film Award, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and five Filmfare Award South.
Mariscala de Juárez
Mariscala de Juárez is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 72.72 km2. 
It is part of the Huajuapan District in the north of the Mixteca Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 3,140.

Mixteca Region
The Mixteca Region is a region in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, part of the broader La Mixteca area which covers parts of the states of Puebla, Guerrero and Oaxaca.
The region includes the districts of Juxtlahuaca, Silacayoapam, Huajuapan, Coixtlahuaca, Teposcolula, Tlaxiaco and Nochixtlán. The largest cities are Huajuapan and Tlaxiaco.
According to the 2020 census the region had 452,429 people over the age of five, of which 227,680 spoke Mixteco.
Sonyor Deng Festival
Sonyor Deng Festival is an annual festival celebrated by the chiefs and people of Sonyor in the Bole District in the Savannah Region, formally Northern region of Ghana. It is usually celebrated in the month of May.

Bole District
Bole Municipal is one of the seven districts in Savannah Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, until the northern part of the district was split off by a decree of president John Agyekum Kufuor on 27 August 2004 to create Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District; thus the remaining part has been retained as Bole Municipal. The municipal assembly is located in the western part of Savannah Region and has Bole as its capital town.
Ruslan Abdrakhmanov
Ruslan Abdrakhmanov (born December 25, 1984) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with HK Almaty of the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship.

Abdrakhmanov played 10 games in the Kontinental Hockey League with Amur Khabarovsk during the 2008–09 season. He also appeared in 17 games in the Russian Superleague, the top-level Russian league prior to the KHL's foundation, during the 2003–04 and 2004–05 seasons.

HC Almaty
Hockey Club Almaty (Kazakh: Алматы хоккей клубы; Almaty Hokei Kluby, Russian: Хоккейный клуб Алматы) is a professional ice hockey team based in Almaty, Kazakhstan. They were founded in 2010, and play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, the top level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan. They play at the Baluan Sholak Palace of Culture and Sports named after Baluan Sholak.
Sporgery
Sporgery is the disruptive act of posting a flood of articles to a Usenet newsgroup, with the article headers falsified so that they appear to have been posted by others. The word is a portmanteau of spam and forgery, coined by German software developer, and critic of Scientology, Tilman Hausherr.

Sporgery resembles IRC flooding, which is also intended to disrupt a forum. However, sporgery is not merely disruptive but also deceptive or libellous because it involves falsifying the headers of objectionable posts so they appear to originate from newsgroup regulars. The purpose is not merely to jam the forum, but also to sully the reputations of its regular users by falsely signing their names to offensive posts.: 139

According to internet security company ESET, sporgery was one of the vulnerabilities of the Usenet model which "probably contributed to a decline in [its] general use".

IRC flood
Internet Relay Chat Flooding/Scrolling on an IRC network is a method of disconnecting users from an IRC server (a form of Denial of Service), exhausting bandwidth which causes network latency ('lag'), or just disrupting users. Floods can either be done by scripts (written for a given client) or by external programs.
Itamar Even-Zohar
Itamar Even-Zohar (Hebrew: איתמר אבן-זהר; born 1939)  is an Israeli culture researcher and professor at Tel Aviv University. Even-Zohar is a pioneer of polysystem theory and the theory of cultural repertoires.

Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image. A homogeneous feature is uniform in composition or character (i.e., color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc.); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities.
Crypticon
Crypticon is a horror-oriented media convention held annually in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Seattle, Washington, and Kansas City, Missouri. Guests have included authors, actors, directors, producers, designers, and writers from classic and upcoming horror titles.

Eileen Dietz
Eileen Dietz is an American actress who is best known for her appearances in many horror films such as the face of the demon in The Exorcist and for her portrayal of characters on the soap operas Guiding Light and General Hospital.