hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Police of Russia
The Police of Russia (Russian: Полиция России, romanized: Politsiya Rossii) is the national law enforcement agency of Russia, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs from September 8, [O.S. 20] 1802. It was established on June 7, [O.S. 18] 1718 by decree of Peter the Great, and in 2011, it replaced the Militsiya, the former police service.

The Police of Russia operates according to the law "On police" (Закон "о полиции"), as approved by the Federal Assembly, and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011, by the then President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
San Josef Bay
San Josef Bay is a bay on the northwest coast of Vancouver Island, in the province of British Columbia, Canada.

It is located on the western coast of Vancouver Island between Cape Russell, or Hanna Point, and Cape Palmerston. The bay is about 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Cape Scott, the northwestern extremity of Vancouver Island, and about 34 km (21 mi) north of Quatsino Sound. The distance from San Josef Bay to Nanaimo is about 350 km (220 mi), and about 350 km (220 mi) to Victoria, and 350 km (220 mi) to Vancouver.

San Josef Bay is within the traditional territory of two First Nations, the Tlatlasikwala Nation, and the Quatsino First Nation.

Nanaimo
Nanaimo (/nəˈnaɪmoʊ/ nə-NY-moh) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. "The Harbour City" was previously known as the "Hub City", which was attributed to its original layout design with streets radiating from the shoreline like the spokes of a wagon wheel, and to its relatively central location on Vancouver Island. Nanaimo is the headquarters of the Regional District of Nanaimo.

Nanaimo is served by the Island Highway along the east coast, the BC Ferries system, and its regional airport. It is also on the dormant Island Rail Corridor.
Federico Renjifo Vélez
Federico Alonso Renjifo Vélez is the 25th Ambassador of Colombia to France dually accredited as Non-Resident Ambassador of Colombia to Algeria and Monaco. A Colombian lawyer and economist, he also served as the 30th Minister of Mines and Energy, and 10th Minister of the Interior.

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Colombia)
The Ministry of Mines and Energy (Spanish: Ministerio de Minas y Energía) is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia that oversees the regulation of the mining and mineral industry and the electricity sector in Colombia, it is similar in its duties to other energy ministries of other countries.
Flainn
Flainn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aenghus Ua Flainn

Ailill Corrach mac Flainn (died 741), king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly

Cináed mac Flainn (died 770), king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly

Conaing mac Flainn (died 849), King of Brega from the Uí Chonaing sept of Cnogba (Knowth) of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch of the southern Ui Neill

Cummascach mac Flainn (died 757), king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly

Donnchad Donn mac Flainn

Fithceallach mac Flainn

Flaithnia mac Flainn (died 755), king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly

Flann Mac Flainn

Mugrón mac Flainn (died 782), king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly

Nicol Mac Flainn

Ragnall Ua Flainn Chua

Tóim Snáma mac Flainn (died 770), King of Osraige in modern County Kilkenny

Ólchobar mac Flainn (died 796), supposed King of Munster from the Uí Fidgenti of County Limerick

Ailill Corrach mac Flainn
Ailill Corrach mac Flainn (died 741) was a king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly. He was one of the many sons of Fland Dá Chongal, a previous king. He ruled from 714 to 741. The byname Corrach means unsteady.

Four of his brothers were slain at the Battle of Áth Senaig in 738 when the men of Leinster were crushed by the high king Áed Allán. Ailill was killed in 741 but the circumstances are not given.
Eliza Constantia Campbell
Eliza Constantia Campbell (née Pryce; 8 January 1796 – 1864) was a Welsh author.

Campbell was the daughter of Richard Pryce, Esq., of Gunley, Montgomeryshire. She was married twice: first, in 1827, to Commander Robert Campbell, R.N., of Edinburgh.  Their son was the classical scholar Lewis Campbell.  Pryce died in 1832.

In 1833, Campbell published a collection of her stories titled Stories from the History of Wales, under the pseudonym "A Lady of the Principality";  It was reissued in 1837 as Tales about Wales.

Campbell married Col. Hugh Morrieson, E.I.C. He died in 1859.

Campbell died in 1864. The National Gallery of Scotland holds a significant number of her prints.

Montgomeryshire
Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn 'the shire of Baldwin's town', or simply Maldwyn) was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974, later becoming a district of Powys from 1974 to 1996. It was named after its county town, Montgomery, which in turn was named after one of William the Conqueror's main counsellors, Roger de Montgomerie, who was the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.

The area of what was Montgomeryshire, now constitutes the northern part of the county of Powys. The current area was 2,174 square km (839 square miles).

The largest town was Newtown, followed by Welshpool and Llanidloes.
Qianhuang, Jiangsu
Qianhuang (Chinese: 前黄) is a town located south of Changzhou city, in the southern Jiangsu province of China. It is 8 kilometers away from Wujin District which administers it. As of 2018, it has 20 villages under its administration. To the east of Qianhuang is Wuxi, a national tourist resort, and it is 15 kilometers away from Yixing, a famous pottery city.

Qianhuang is the central area between Ge Lake and Lake Tai. Qianhuang has convenient transportation. The Provincial line of China runs through Qianhuang. It also has the new long-distance railway linking Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, and the Wuyi highway, the main road in Changzhou.

Ge Lake
Ge Lake (Chinese: 滆湖; pinyin: Gé Hú) is a freshwater lake in the south of Jiangsu Province, China, northwest of Lake Tai. The lake has a total area of about 146.5 square kilometers. The average depth is 1.19 m, the water storage capacity is about 1.74×108m3.
GSAT-20
GSAT-20 (also known as GSAT-N2) is a communication satellite developed by ISRO and launched by a SpaceX Falcon 9. The GSAT-20 satellite is funded, owned and operated by New Space India Limited. The entire capacity onboard GSAT-N2 satellite was leased to Dish TV. GSAT-20 is a continuation of GSAT series of communication satellites. The satellite is intended to add data transmission capacity to the communication infrastructure required by Smart Cities Mission of India.

Smart Cities Mission
Smart Cities Mission was an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to develop smart cities across the country, making them citizen-friendly and sustainable. The Union Ministry of Urban Development was responsible for implementing the mission in collaboration with the state governments of the respective cities. In 2017, the ministry was merged with the ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation to form the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

The mission was planned to include 100 cities, with an initial project completion deadline of 2019, later revised to 2023. As of January 2025, 7,479 out of a total of 8,058 tendered projects had been completed, utilizing ₹1,500.05 billion (US$18 billion) of the total allocated amount of ₹1,643.68 billion (US$19 billion). The project was officially shut down on 31 March 2025.
Michael Saxell
Michael Saxell (born 1 October 1956) is a Swedish singer-songwriter, composer, lyricist, multi-instrumentalist and producer. He was born in Helsingborg, Sweden but has spent many years on the Canadian west coast. He composed music for the Colin Nutley movie Änglagård – andra sommaren and for the soundtrack of Blådårar.

Randy Bachman
Randolph Charles Bachman OC OM FRCMT(hon) (/ˈbækmən/ BAK-mən; born September 27, 1943) is a Canadian guitarist, singer, and songwriter.  He was a founding member of the bands The Guess Who and Bachman–Turner Overdrive. He was the writer and singer of several hit rock songs, including, "Takin' Care of Business", and "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet". Bachman also recorded as a solo artist and was part of a number of short-lived bands such as Brave Belt, Union and Ironhorse. He was a national radio personality on CBC Radio, hosting the weekly music show, Vinyl Tap. Bachman was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016.
Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves
Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves, also referred to as the Hasse bound, provides an estimate of the number of points on an elliptic curve over a finite field, bounding the value both above and below.

If N is the number of points on the elliptic curve E over a finite field with  q elements, then Hasse's result states that

The reason is that N differs from q + 1, the number of points of the projective line over the same field, by an 'error term' that is the sum of two complex numbers, each of absolute value

This result had originally been conjectured by Emil Artin in his thesis.  It was proven by Hasse in 1933, with the proof published in a series of papers in 1936.

Hasse's theorem is equivalent to the determination of the absolute value of the roots of the local zeta-function of E.  In this form it can be seen to be the analogue of the Riemann hypothesis for the function field associated with the elliptic curve.

Projective line
In projective geometry and mathematics more generally, a projective line is, roughly speaking, the extension of a usual line by a point called a point at infinity. The statement and the proof of many theorems of geometry are simplified by the resulting elimination of special cases; for example, two distinct projective lines in a projective plane meet in exactly one point (there is no "parallel" case).

There are many equivalent ways to formally define a projective line; one of the most common is to define a projective line over a field K, commonly denoted P1(K), as the set of one-dimensional subspaces of a two-dimensional K-vector space. This definition is a special instance of the general definition of a projective space.

The projective line over the reals is a manifold; see Real projective line for details.
Sorabe alphabet
Sorabe or Sora-be (سُرَبِ, Malagasy pronunciation: [suˈrabe]) is an abjad based on Arabic, formerly used to transcribe the Malagasy language (belonging to the Malayo-Polynesian language family) and the Antemoro Malagasy dialect, dating from the 15th century.

Abjad
An abjad (/ˈæbdʒæd/ ⓘ; or abgad lit. 'alphabet') is a writing system in which only consonants are represented by letter signs, leaving the vowels to be inferred by the reader (unless represented otherwise, such as by diacritics). This contrasts with alphabets that provide graphemes for both consonants and vowels. The term was introduced in 1990 by Peter T. Daniels. Other terms for the same concept include partial phonemic script, segmentally linear defective phonographic script, consonantary, consonant writing, and consonantal alphabet.

Impure abjads, such as the Arabic and Hebrew scripts, represent vowels with either optional diacritics or a limited number of distinct vowel graphemes, or both.
Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł
Prince Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł Polish: [xʲɛrɔɲim flɔrʲan rad͡ʑiviwː] (Lithuanian: Jeronimas Florianas Radvila) (1715–1760) was a Polish–Lithuanian szlachcic.

He was Deputy cup-bearer of Lithuania since 1739, Great Chorąży of Lithuania since 1750 and starost of Przemyśl and Krzyczew.

He married Teresa Sapieha on 9 September 1740, Magdalena Czapska in October 1745 in Warsaw and Aniela Miączyńska on 1 January 1755.

Krychaw
Krychaw or Krichev (Belarusian: Крычаў, romanized: Kryčaŭ, IPA: [ˈkrɨtʂau̯]; Russian: Кричев, IPA: [ˈkrʲitɕɪf], Polish: Krzyczew) is a town in Mogilev Region, in eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Krychaw District. It is situated on the Sozh River. In 2009, its population was 27,202. As of 2025, it has a population of 22,973.
Sveti Trije Kralji v Slovenskih Goricah
Sveti Trije Kralji v Slovenskih Goricah (pronounced [ˈsʋeːti ˈtɾiːjɛ ˈkraːlji ʍ slɔˈʋeːnskiɣ ɡɔˈɾiːtsax]) is a small village in the Municipality of Benedikt in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

The local church from which the settlement gets its name is dedicated to the Three Kings (Slovene: Sveti Trije Kralji) and belongs to the Parish of Benedict. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1445 and was expanded in the early 16th century.

Municipality of Benedikt
The Municipality of Benedikt (pronounced [bɛnɛˈdiːkt]; Slovene: Občina Benedikt) is a municipality in northeastern Slovenia. Its seat is the settlement of Benedikt. Before 1 January 1999 it was part of the Municipality of Lenart. It lies in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice). The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
The Blackbyrds (album)
The Blackbyrds is the debut album by the American rhythm and blues and jazz-funk fusion group the Blackbyrds. It was produced by  Larry Mizell and Donald Byrd with production supervision by Orrin Keepnews.

The album artwork is a section of the Vincent Van Gogh painting Wheatfield with Crows.

Wheatfield with Crows
Wheatfield with Crows (Dutch: Korenveld met kraaien) is a July 1890 painting by Vincent van Gogh. It has been cited by several critics as one of his greatest works.

It is commonly stated that this was Van Gogh's final painting. This association was popularized by Vincente Minnelli’s 1956 biopic Lust for Life, which depicts Van Gogh painting it immediately before shooting himself. His final painting in actuality was Tree Roots. The evidence of his letters suggests that Wheatfield with Crows was completed around 10 July and predates such paintings as Auvers Town Hall on 14 July 1890 and Daubigny's Garden. Moreover, Jan Hulsker has written that a painting of harvested wheat, Field with Stacks of Wheat (F771), must be a later painting.
Late in the Day
"Late in the Day" was the fourth single from Britpop band Supergrass' second studio album, In It for the Money (1997). It was released in October 1997 and reached number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. The song also charted in Iceland, peaking at number 32 in November 1997. The two CD releases of the single have the same photo as their cover but the colours of one have been reversed on the second one.

"We Still Need More (Than Anyone Can Give)" features as a B-side to this single, it was later released as a separate single as part of the Dead Man On Campus soundtrack, along with two other songs by different bands.

Rob Coombes
Robert Joseph Coombes (born 27 April 1972) is an English musician and composer, best known as the keyboardist for the rock band Supergrass, fronted by his younger brother Gaz. Since 2022, he has also toured with the punk rock supergroup Wingmen, consisting of members from bands such as The Stranglers, Johnny Moped, The Damned and Ruts DC.
UGARIT
UGARIT is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the Mediterranean Sea linking Cyprus and Syria.

It has landing points in:

Pentaskhinos, Cyprus

Tartous, Syria

It has a design transmission capacity of 622 Mbit/s and a total cable length of 239 km.  It started operation on 6 February 1995.

Cable landing point
A cable landing point is the location where a submarine or other underwater cable makes landfall.  The term is most often used for the landfall points of submarine telecommunications cables and submarine power cables.  The landing will either be direct (in the case of a point-to-point cable system) or via a branch from a main cable using a submarine branching unit. The branch can be several kilometres long.
Rajapur, Singhpur, Raebareli
Rajapur is a village in Singhpur block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, its population is 3,954, in 659 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.

The 1961 census recorded Rajapur as comprising 7 hamlets, with a total population of 1,208 people (595 male and 613 female), in 264 households and 254 physical houses.
 The area of the village was given as 886 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Rajapur as having a population of 1,681 people, in 341 households, and having an area of 357.75 hectares.

Raebareli district
Raebareli district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Raebareli is the district headquarters. This district is a part of Lucknow Division in Uttar Pradesh state. The total area of Raebareli district is 3,371 Sq. km.

As of 2011, its population is 3,405,559, which makes it the 27th largest in the state. It is a predominantly rural district, with 91% of the population living in rural areas.
BolA-like protein family
In molecular biology, the BolA-like protein family consists of the morpho-protein BolA from Escherichia coli, the Fra2 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and various homologs. The BolA protein is a DNA-binding regulator; the Fra2 protein is an iron sulfur cluster protein that binds Grx3/4 and is involved in regulating iron levels
.

In E. coli, over-expression of this protein causes round morphology and may be involved in switching the cell between elongation and septation systems during cell division. The expression of BolA is growth rate regulated and is induced during the transition into the stationary phase. BolA is also induced by stress during early stages of growth  and may have a general role in stress response. It has also been suggested that BolA can induce the transcription of penicillin binding proteins 6 and 5.

Bacterial growth
Bacterial growth  is proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Providing no mutation event occurs, the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell. Hence, bacterial growth occurs. Both daughter cells from the division do not necessarily survive. However, if the surviving number exceeds unity on average, the bacterial population undergoes exponential growth. The measurement of an exponential bacterial growth curve in batch culture was traditionally a part of the training of all microbiologists; the basic means requires bacterial enumeration (cell counting) by direct and individual (microscopic, flow cytometry), direct and bulk (biomass), indirect and individual (colony counting), or indirect and bulk (most probable number, turbidity, nutrient uptake) methods. Models reconcile theory with the measurements.
Owen Oyston
Owen John Oyston (born 3 January 1934) is an English businessman  best known as the former majority owner of Blackpool Football Club. Oyston was convicted of rape and indecent assault of a 16-year-old girl in 1996. He served three years and six months of a six-year sentence in prison. He was released after a judicial review of the parole board's refusal to grant parole. On 25 February 2019, Oyston and his daughter, Natalie Christopher, were removed from the board of Blackpool Football Club.

Parole board
A parole board is a panel of people who decide whether an offender should be released from prison on parole after serving at least a minimum portion of their sentence as prescribed by the sentencing judge. Parole boards are used in many jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom, the United States, and New Zealand. A related concept is the board of pardons and paroles, which may deal with pardons and commutations as well as paroles.

A parole board consists of people qualified to make judgements about the suitability of a prisoner for return to free society. Members may be judges, psychiatrists, or criminologists, although some jurisdictions do not have written qualifications for parole board members and allow community members to serve as them. A universal requirement is that board candidates be of good moral fiber.
The Ghan
The Ghan (/ɡæn/) is an experiential tourism-oriented passenger train service that operates between the northern and southern coasts of Australia, through the cities of Adelaide, Alice Springs and Darwin on the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor.

Operated by Adelaide-based Journey Beyond, its scheduled travelling time, including extended stops for passengers to do off-train tours, is 53 hours 15 minutes to travel the 2,979 kilometres (1,851 mi). The Ghan has been described as one of the world's greatest passenger trains.

Experiential travel
Experiential travel, also known as immersion travel, is a form of tourism in which people focus on experiencing a country, city or particular place by actively and meaningfully engaging with its history, people, culture, food and environment.  It can often be transformative. Therewith the concept is based on very similar mechanisms as for example experiential education, experiential knowledge, experiential interior design, and experiential marketing.
Adoration of the Shepherds (Cariani)
The Adoration of the Shepherds is a panel painting of about 1515–1517 by the Italian painter Giovanni Cariani, now in the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom.  The painting is somewhat damaged, and also seems to have been subject to significant changes of intention during the process of painting. It was one of the large group of paintings bought by Charles I of England from the collection of Vincenzo II, last of the Gonzaga Dukes of Mantua in 1628. The painted surface measures 73.6 cm × 120.3 cm (29.0 in × 47.4 in).

Giorgione
Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco (Venetian: Zorzi; 1470s – 17 September 1510), known as Giorgione, was an Italian painter of the Venetian school during the High Renaissance, who died in his thirties. He is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are firmly attributed to him. The uncertainty surrounding the identity and meaning of his work has made Giorgione one of the most mysterious figures in European art.

Together with his younger contemporary Titian, he founded the Venetian school of Italian Renaissance painting, characterised by its use of colour and mood. The school is traditionally contrasted with Florentine painting, which relied on a more linear disegno-led style.
Glenn, Illinois
Glenn is an unincorporated community in Kinkaid Township, Jackson County, Illinois, United States. Glenn is located on Illinois Route 3, 7 miles (11 km) east-southeast of Rockwood. Glenn was named after either its first postmaster, Walter J. Glenn, or early settler Robin Glenn.

Postmaster
A postmaster is the head of an individual post office, responsible for all postal activities in a specific post office.  When a postmaster is responsible for an entire mail distribution organization (usually sponsored by a national government), the title of Postmaster General is commonly used. 
Responsibilities of a postmaster typically include management of a centralized mail distribution facility, establishment of letter carrier routes, supervision of letter carriers and clerks, and enforcement of the organization's rules and procedures. The postmaster is the representative of the Postmaster General in that post office.

In Canada, many early places are named after the first postmaster.