hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Junction of the Thames and the Medway
The Junction of the Thames and the Medway is an 1807 landscape painting by the British artist J.M.W. Turner that depicts a meeting of the River Thames and the tributary the River Medway. Like many of Turner's nautical works of his early career it shows the influence of seventeenth century Dutch seascapes.

The work was one of a number of paintings that Turner displayed in his own studio gallery at Queen Anne Street in Marylebone rather than the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition. Today the painting is in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., having been acquired in 1942.

Marylebone
Marylebone (usually /ˈmɑːrlɪbən/ MAR-lib-ən, also /ˈmærɪ(lə)bən/ MARR-il-ə-bən, MARR-ib-ən) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary.

An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965.

Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross.

The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street, Bond Street, Edgware Road (Bakerloo line), Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Great Portland Street, Marble Arch, Marylebone, Oxford Circus, and Regent's Park.
Exponent CMS
Exponent CMS is a free, open-source, open standards modular enterprise software framework and content management system (CMS) written in the programming language PHP.

Exponent CMS editing system allows website content to be edited on the page as it appears – without back-end administration.
The default installation includes a set of modules for managing a typical website. Additional modules are developed by a community of open-source developers and can be installed via a web browser.

Exponent CMS can be installed in a Linux, Unix, Mac OS X or Windows environment, or any platform that supports the Apache web server and the PHP language (version 5.6.x+). Exponent CMS currently requires a MySQL (5+) or MariaDB database to store content and settings.

Front end and back end
In software development, front end refers to the presentation layer that users interact with, while back end refers to the data management and processing behind the scenes. "Full stack" refers to both together. In the client–server model, the client is usually considered the front end, handling most user-facing tasks, and the server is the back end, mainly managing data and logic.
Museo de Bellas Artes (Caracas)
The Museum of Fine Arts (Spanish: Museo de Bellas Artes or MBA) is an art museum in Caracas, Venezuela. It was founded in 1917, and was originally housed in the building now known as the Palacio de las Academias.

Its current buildings were both designed by architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva, a 1930s Neoclassical structure and a 1970s Brutalist structure.

In the 1970s the Museum moved out of the neoclassical building to provide a home for the newly established National Art Gallery. It has reoccupied this space since the inauguration of a new building for the National Art Gallery in 2009.

Palacio de las Academias
The Palacio de las Academias (Palace of the Academies; previously Convento de San Francisco) is a Neo-Gothic building on the Avenida Universidad in the centre of Caracas, Venezuela. It dates back to 1684 when a Franciscan convent was built on the site but in the 19th century it served as a barracks, a hospital and a college. In 1876, under President Antonio Guzmán Blanco, the Universidad de Caracas was moved to the building, whose former colonial façade was rebuilt in the Neo-Gothic style. After the university relocated to a new campus in 1952, the building became home to the National Academies. In 1965, it was listed as a national monument. The Palacio de las Academias now houses six National Academies, which are the National Academy of History, the Venezuelan Academy of Language, the Academy of Medicine, the Academy of Political and Social Sciences, the Academy of Jurisprudence, and the Academy of Physics, Mathematics and Nature.
Valentin Dasch
Valentin Dasch  (1 May 1930 - 2 August 1981) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.

He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria from 1966 to 1969 and from 1969 to 1972 a member of the national Bundestag.

Landtag of Bavaria
The Landtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as the Bavarian State Parliament, is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Bavaria. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich.

Elections to the Landtag are held every five years and have to be conducted on a Sunday or public holiday. The following elections have to be held no earlier than 59 months and no later than 62 months after the previous one, unless the Landtag is dissolved. The most recent elections to the Bavarian Landtag were held on 8 October 2023.

Bavaria's current state government, the third Söder cabinet, was formed after the 2023 election and is a coalition of the Christian Social Union (CSU) and the Free Voters (FW). An identical coalition was in power as the second Söder cabinet between 2018 and 2023. Markus Söder has been Minister-President of Bavaria since March 2018, when he succeeded Horst Seehofer.
Clair S. Tappaan
Clair Sprague Tappaan (May 14, 1878 – November 30, 1932) was an American lawyer, professor and jurist who was on the faculty of the University of Southern California Law School from its formation as an official school of the university in 1904 until 1928, and served as a judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court and California Court of Appeal from 1927 until his death in 1932.  Tappan played college football at Cornell University and served as the head football coach at the University of Southern California (USC) for a one-game season in 1901.

California Courts of Appeal
The California Courts of Appeal are the state intermediate appellate court system of the U.S. state of California. The state is geographically divided along county lines into six appellate districts. The California Courts of Appeal review appeals from the Superior Courts of California, and any further appeal is to the Supreme Court of California.

The California Courts of Appeal form the largest state-level intermediate appellate court system in the United States, with 106 justices.
Enterprise imaging
Enterprise imaging has been defined as "a set of strategies, initiatives, and workflows implemented across a healthcare enterprise to consistently and optimally capture, index, manage, store, distribute, view, exchange, and analyze all clinical imaging and multimedia content to enhance the electronic health record". The concepts of enterprise imaging are elucidated in a series of papers by members of the HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Workgroup.

The use of the term enterprise imaging in this manner is relatively new, having previously been used to describe expanding access to radiology images throughout an enterprise. The concept of expanding PACS to include visible light imaging and other modalities beyond radiology and cardiology dates back to the relatively early days of PACS.

Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society
The Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) is an American not-for-profit organization dedicated to improving health care in quality, safety, cost-effectiveness and access through the best use of information technology and management systems. It was founded in 1961 as the Hospital Management Systems Society. It is now headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The society has more than 100,000 individuals, 480 provider organizations, 470 non-profit partners and 650 health services organizations (as of December 2019). HIMSS is a US 501(c)6 organization.
Khalid Albaih
Khalid Albaih or Khalid Wad Albaih (Arabic: خالد ود البيه; born 22 April 1980) is a Sudanese political cartoonist, civil rights activist and freelance journalist, who grew up as member of the Sudanese diaspora in Doha, Qatar. He has published his social and political caricatures and articles mainly in Arab and international online media, and his graphic art has also been publicly exhibited internationally.

Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.
Alfreda Creek
Alfreda Creek is a stream in Nipissing District of Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Ottawa River drainage basin and lies entirely within geographic Strathy Township which lies within the municipal boundaries of Temagami.

The creek has a characteristic U shape and begins at the south end of Alfreda Lake. It heads south for 1.6 km (0.99 mi) where it takes in an unnamed right tributary then flows 1.5 km (0.93 mi) southeastwards. Alfreda Creek then continues northeastwards for about 2.3 km (1.4 mi), supplies a small unnamed lake and flows another 0.30 km (0.19 mi) where it empties into the south arm of Kanichee Lake. The creek has a total length of approximately 5.7 km (3.5 mi).

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Athletics at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's pole vault
The men's pole vault event of the athletics events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held  the 28 of October at the Telmex Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion is Fábio Gomes da Silva of the Brazil.

Fábio Gomes (pole vaulter)
Fábio Gomes da Silva (born 4 August 1983 in Campinas) is a Brazilian pole vaulter.

His personal best jump is 5.80 metres (outdoor) set in February 2011, and 5.70 metres (indoor) set in February 2013, both achieved in São Caetano do Sul, Brazil.  He held the South American and Brazilian records for the event from 2011 until 2013, when both marks were beaten by Augusto de Oliveira.
Shunsuke Fujikawa
Shunsuke Fujikawa (藤川 俊介, Fujikawa Shunsuke), known simply as Shunsuke (俊介, Shunsuke) to some fans, is a Japanese professional baseball outfielder. He was born on August 17, 1987, in Fukuoka, Japan. He is currently playing for the Hanshin Tigers of the NPB.

Hanshin Tigers
The Hanshin Tigers (阪神タイガース, Hanshin Taigāsu) are a Nippon Professional Baseball team playing in the Central League. The team is based in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, next to their main stadium, Hanshin Koshien Stadium.

The Tigers are owned by Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Inc.

The Hanshin Tigers are one of the oldest professional clubs in Japan. They played their first season in 1936 as the Osaka Tigers and assumed their current team name in 1961.
Liana Ruokytė-Jonsson
Liana Ruokytė-Jonsson (born 1966) is a Lithuanian politician. From 13 December 2016 to 21 December 2018, she served as Minister of Culture in the Skvernelis Cabinet led by Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis.

Ministry of Culture (Lithuania)
The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos kultūros ministerija) is a governmental body of the Republic of Lithuania. Its mission is to formulate and implement state cultural policies supporting professional and amateur art, theatre, music, fine arts, cinema, museums, libraries, and written publications, to guard copyright and copyright-related interests, and to protect cultural values.
2023 Asian Women's Junior Handball Championship
The 2023 Asian Women's Junior Handball Championship was the 17th edition of the championship held from 30 June to 9 July 2023 at the Kowloon Park Sports Centre, Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation. It was the second time in history that championship was organised by the Handball Association of Hong Kong, China. It also acted as the qualification tournament for the 2024 Women's Junior World Handball Championship.

Handball Association of Hong Kong, China
The Handball Association of Hong Kong, China (Chinese: 中國香港手球總會) (HAHKC) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in Hong Kong, China. HAHKC is a member of the Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and member of the International Handball Federation (IHF) since 1974.
2013 BWF World Championships – Women's singles
The women's singles tournament of the 2013 BWF World Championships (World Badminton Championships) was held from August 5 to 11. Wang Yihan was the defending champion. Ratchanok Inthanon defeated Li Xuerui 22–20, 18–21, 21–14 in the final.

BWF World Championships
The BWF World Championships is a badminton tournament organized by the Badminton World Federation. It's the most prestigious badminton competition, offering the most ranking points, along with the Summer Olympics badminton events introduced in 1992. The winners of the tournament are World Champions of the sport and are awarded a gold medal.

The tournament started in 1977 and was held once every three years until 1983. However, the International Badminton Federation faced difficulty in hosting the first two events as the World Badminton Federation, which later merged with the IBF to form one badminton federation, hosted the same tournament a year after the IBF World Championships with the same goals.

Since 1985, the tournament became biennial and played once every two years until 2005. Starting 2006, the tournament was changed to an annual event on the BWF calendar. The tournament is not held during the Summer Olympics years to avoid schedule conflicts.
2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy Group B
The 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 17th season of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, a List A cricket tournament in India. It was contested by the 37 domestic cricket teams of India, with nine teams in Group B. The group stage started on 19 September 2018, with the top five teams across Group A and Group B progressing to the quarter-finals of the competition. Delhi, Andhra and Hyderabad all progressed from Group B to the knock-out phase of the tournament.

Hyderabad cricket team
The Hyderabad cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, run by the Hyderabad Cricket Association. It is part of the Ranji Trophy Plate Group and has seen scattered success over its many years in the Ranji Trophy circuit. It has won Ranji Trophy twice and been runners-up thrice and have made one appearance in the Irani Trophy.
Craig Gillespie
Craig Gillespie (born 1 September 1967) is an Australian-American film, television, music video, and commercial director. He is best known for directing the films Lars and the Real Girl (2007), Fright Night (2011), I, Tonya (2017), and Cruella (2021).

Altoids
Altoids are a brand of mints, sold primarily in distinctive metal tins. The brand was created by the London-based Smith & Company in the 1780s, and became part of the Callard & Bowser company in the 19th century. Their advertising slogan is "The Original Celebrated Curiously Strong Mints", referring to the high concentration of peppermint oil used in the original flavour lozenge. The mints were originally conceived as a lozenge intended to relieve intestinal discomfort.
David Davies (Dean of Wellington)
David Jones Davies was Dean of Saint Paul's Cathedral, Wellington from 1948 to 1962.

Davies was educated at the University of Wales and St. Michael's College, Llandaff; and ordained in 1916. After  curacies in  Canton, Mottram in Longdendale and Gisborne, New Zealand he held incumbencies at Ōpunake, Greytown, Palmerston North and Kilbirnie before joining the staff of  Saint Paul's Cathedral, Wellington in 1938.

Mottram in Longdendale
Mottram in Longdendale is a village in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Hadfield and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Hyde. Within the historic county of Cheshire, it became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. Mottram in Longdendale was an ancient parish which covered an extensive area of north-east Cheshire until it was split into smaller parishes in the 19th century. It lies in Longdendale, the valley of the River Etherow, and is close to the border with Derbyshire.
Jidda Island
Jidda Islands (Arabic: جزيرة جدة) are a group of three small uninhabited islets in Bahrain, lying to the west of Bahrain Island and just north of Umm an Nasan in the Persian Gulf. They are 17.5 km (10.9 mi) west of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
The Circular Staircase (film)
The Circular Staircase is a 1915 mystery silent film directed by Edward LeSaint and starring Guy Oliver, Eugenie Besserrer, and Stella Razeto. The film was produced by the Selig Polyscope Company. It is based on the mystery novel of the same name by Mary Roberts Rinehart, which was originally published in five parts starting with the November 1907 issue of All-Story magazine. The film is now lost.

Selig Polyscope Company
The Selig Polyscope Company was an American motion picture company that was founded in 1896 by William Selig in Chicago, Illinois. The company produced hundreds of early, widely distributed commercial moving pictures, including the first films starring Tom Mix, Harold Lloyd, Colleen Moore, and Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle. Selig Polyscope also established Southern California's first permanent movie studio, in the historic Edendale district of Los Angeles.

Ending film production in 1918, the business, which had become known for its film production animals, became an animal and prop supplier to other studios and a zoo and amusement park attraction in East Los Angeles (Lincoln Heights).  The amusement park and zoo went into decline during the Great Depression in the 1930s.

In 1947, William Selig and several other early movie producers and directors shared a special Academy Honorary Award to acknowledge their role in building the film industry.
Francisco de Paula Santander International Bridge
The Francisco de Paula Santander International Bridge (Spanish: Puente internacional Francisco de Paula Santander) is a road bridge connecting Colombia with Venezuela across the Táchira River. One of five bridges across the border between the two countries, it is about 210 meters long, with two lanes of traffic and a width of 7.3 meters.

It connects Cúcuta in North Santander, Colombia and Ureña in Táchira, Venezuela. It is named after Francisco de Paula Santander.

In 2019 the bridge was physically blocked by the Venezuelan Army.

Táchira
Táchira State (Spanish: Estado Táchira, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈtatʃiɾa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is San Cristóbal.

Táchira State covers a total surface area of 11,100 square kilometres (4,300 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,168,908. At the end of the 19th century, Táchira State was where oil was discovered in Venezuela. Currently, its main economic revenues come from the production of coffee and pineapple. The cattle and agricultural activities play an important role in Táchira's economy. There is also a strong industrial sector which focuses on the processing of potato, sugar, milk, and cheese and the production of textiles.

Táchira State is one of the three Venezuelan Andean states (the other two are Mérida and Trujillo). This state borders Zulia State to the north, Barinas and Mérida States to the east, Apure and Barinas States to the south, and Colombia (Norte de Santander Department) to the west.
International Journal of Plant Sciences
The International Journal of Plant Sciences covers botanical research including genetics and genomics, developmental and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology, morphology and structure, systematics, plant-microbe interactions, paleobotany, evolution, and ecology. The journal also regularly publishes important symposium proceedings. It is published by the University of Chicago Press. From 1875 to 1876 it was known as the Botanical Bulletin and from 1876 to 1991 as the Botanical Gazette. The first issue titled The International Journal of Plants Sciences was dated March 1992 (volume 53, number 1). For the years 1992 and 1993, the journal was published quarterly.

The journal was founded by brothers John Merle Coulter and Stanley Coulter. John brought the journal to the University of Chicago when he started the Department of Botany.

Stanley Coulter
Stanley Coulter (June 2, 1853 – June 26, 1943) was an American biologist, brother of botanist John Merle Coulter. He was born in Ningpo, China, to missionary parents Moses Stanley Coulter and Caroline Elvira (nee Crowe). He was educated at Hanover College.  In 1887 he was appointed professor of biology at Purdue.  His publications include more than 125 pamphlets on nature study, scientific researches, sketches, and also Flora of Indiana (1899), and A Key to the Genera of the Native Forest Trees and Shrubs of Indiana (1907). He was dean of the School of Sciences at Purdue from 1905 until his retirement in 1926. He married Lucy Eunice Post in 1877, and they had one daughter, Mabel Post (Coulter) Smith. Coulter's archives are held at Purdue University.
Naltalimide
Naltalimide (INN; development code TRK-130, formerly TAK 363) is a novel, centrally-acting opioid drug which is under development by Takeda and Toray for the treatment of overactive bladder/urinary incontinence. It acts as a potent and selective partial agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (Ki = 0.268 nM, EC50 = 2.39 nM, Emax = 66.1%) over the δ-opioid (Ki = 121 nM, EC50 = 26.1 nM, Emax = 71.0%) and κ-opioid receptors (Ki = 8.97 nM, EC50 = 9.51 nM, Emax = 62.6%). Notably, naltalimide somehow appears to lack certain undesirable side effects such as constipation seen with other μ-opioid receptor agonists such as morphine. It enhances bladder storage via suppression of the afferent limb of the micturition reflex pathway.

Mu-opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (using the Greek letter mu, abbreviated MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(mu)-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical μ-opioid receptor agonist is morphine, the primary psychoactive alkaloid in opium and for which the receptor was named, with mu being the first letter of Morpheus, the compound's namesake in the original Greek. It is an inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor that activates the Gi alpha subunit, inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity, lowering cAMP levels.