hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sultan ibn Mahmud
Sultan ibn Mahmud was the last known Shaddadid emir of Ani reigning in parts of the dynasty's possessions from at least 1174 to c. 1199. He is known exclusively from the epigraphic data.

At the time of Sultan and his immediate predecessors, Ani became a target of expansionism of the kings of Georgia. Sultan's rule in parts of his dynasty's dwindling possessions, in the lands across the Araxes, is documented by an inscription dated to Safar 570 (September 1174) in the Dashtadem castle in modern Armenia. Another inscription, that from Ani, dated to 595 AH (1198/1199CE), indicates that he had revived the Shaddadid rule in Ani. Vladimir Minorsky identified him with Shahanshah ibn Mahmud, known from the literary sources. Sultan's inscription from Ani is the last the Shaddadis are heard of. By 1200, Ani had been invaded by the armies of Queen Tamar of Georgia, who granted the city in possession to her loyal subject of the Armenian Zakarian family.

Zakarid dynasty
The Zakarid dynasty, also Zakarids or Zakarians (Armenian: Զաքարյաններ, romanized: Zak'aryanner) were an Armenian noble dynasty, rulers of Zakarid Armenia (1201–1350) under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Georgia, and from 1256 under the control of the Mongol Ilkhanate of Persia. Their dynastic name was formed in honour of Zakare, the famous servant of the Georgian King Tamar. They were also known by their Georgian nickname Mkhargrdzeli (მხარგრძელი, "Long-armed", in Armenian: Երկայնաբազուկ, Yerkaynbazuk). The Zakarians considered themselves Armenians.

During the 13th century, the Zakarids held the highest offices in the Georgian court, as Atabegs (Governor General) and Amirspasalars (Commander-in-Chief of the Army) of the Kingdom of Georgia.
CIW
CIW has multiple meanings:

California Institution for Women, a state prison in the USA

Canadian Index of Wellbeing, that measures the wellbeing of Canadians over time

Carnegie Institution of Washington

Chicago and Illinois Western Railroad

Central Indiana and Western Railroad

Certified Internet Web Professional

The Church in Wales

Coalition of Immokalee Workers

Computational Intensive Workload

ISO 639 language designation for Southwestern dialect of the Anishinaabe language, often called the "Chippewa language."

Close-in weapon system

California Institution for Women
California Institution for Women (CIW) is an American women's state prison located in the city of Chino, San Bernardino County, California, east of Los Angeles, although the mailing address states "Corona", which is in Riverside County, California.
2017 Lesbos earthquake
The 2017 Lesbos earthquake occurred at 12:28:39 UTC on 12 June. The earthquake's epicentre was 5 km south of Plomari on the Greek island of Lesbos off the Aegean coast of Turkey. It had a magnitude of 6.3 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Extensive damage was caused on parts of southern Lesbos, where there was one fatality and 10 people were injured. The earthquake was also felt in Turkey but no significant damage or injuries were reported.

Scientific Data on the 2017 Lesbos earthquake, collected by the Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens are published on-line in an integrated Story Map.

Epicenter
The epicenter (/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntər/), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Pedra do Sal
Pedra do Sal (English: "Rock of Salt") is a historic and religious site in Rio de Janeiro, in the neighborhood of Saúde. The site was originally a quilombo village. An association group still lives there, formally known as the Community Descendents of the Quilombos of Pedra do Sal (Portuguese: Comunidade Remanescentes de Quilombos da Pedra do Sal). The site was recognised in 1984 by INEPAC, the Institute for State Cultural Heritage (Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio Cultural).

Pedra do Sal is of special significance to residents of Rio de Janeiro of African descent. Additionally, it is a center of samba and choro music.  Pedra do Sal is the center of the area known locally as "Little Africa", which originated in the collective houses of escaped and freed slaves.  Great sambistas have played there, including Donga, João da Baiana, Pixinguinha and Heitor dos Prazeres.

Donga (musician)
Ernesto Joaquim Maria dos Santos, better known as Donga, (April 5, 1890 – August 25, 1974) was a Brazilian guitarist and composer. He composed what is considered the first recorded samba, the 1916 song Pelo Telefone.
Felix Cheong
Felix Cheong (born 1965, Singapore) is a Singaporean author and poet. He received the National Arts Council Young Artist Award for Literature in 2000. Cheong has written over 30 books across genres including poetry, young adult fiction, and graphic novels.

Singapore Young Artist Award
The Young Artist Award is a cultural award in Singapore conferred to those who have achieved artistic excellence in film, literature, performing arts and visual arts. It is the highest accolade for art practitioners aged 35 and below.
Coronado Cave
Coronado Cave (31°21′4″N 110°15′38″W﻿ / ﻿31.35111°N 110.26056°W﻿ / 31.35111; -110.26056) is located on the Coronado National Memorial in Cochise County in southern Arizona near the Mexican border. Walking in the cave is rather easy and the temperature is consistent. Some rooms require crawling in order to enter.  The cave has both stalactites and stalagmites. The cave has been measured to be approximately 600 feet long, 70 feet wide and 20 feet tall with several passages and crawl ways.

Stalagmite
A stalagmite (UK: /ˈstæləɡˌmaɪt/, US: /stəˈlæɡmaɪt/; from Greek  σταλαγμίτης (stalagmítēs); from Ancient Greek  σταλαγμίας (stalagmías) 'dropping, trickling' and  -ίτης (-ítēs) 'one connected to, a member of')
is a type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of material deposited on the floor from ceiling drippings. Stalagmites are typically composed of calcium carbonate, but may consist of lava, mud, peat, pitch, sand, sinter, and amberat (crystallized urine of pack rats).

The corresponding formation hanging down from the ceiling of a cave is a stalactite.
Selaginella asprella
Selaginella asprella is a species of spikemoss known by the common name bluish spikemoss. It is native to California and Baja California, where it has a disjunct distribution, occurring in the Klamath Mountains and mountain ranges several hundred miles to the south. It grows in rocky mountainous habitat, on cliffs of limestone rock substrate, and on forest ridges. This lycophyte grows in flat mats with many short, forking stems twisted together. The stems fragment easily, especially as they dry. The lance-shaped green leaves are up to 5 or 6 millimeters long, including the soft bristles at their tips. The leaves are alike in shape and borne in squarish whorls of four about the stem. They are flattened to the stem.

Lycophyte
The lycophytes, when broadly circumscribed, are a group of vascular plants that include the clubmosses. They are sometimes placed in a division Lycopodiophyta or Lycophyta or in a subdivision Lycopodiophytina. They are one of the oldest lineages of extant (living) vascular plants; the group contains extinct plants that have been dated from the Silurian (ca. 425 million years ago). Lycophytes were some of the dominating plant species of the Carboniferous period, and included the tree-like Lepidodendrales, some of which grew over 40 metres (130 ft) in height, although extant lycophytes are relatively small plants.

The scientific names and the informal English names used for this group of plants are ambiguous. For example, "Lycopodiophyta" and the shorter "Lycophyta" as well as the informal "lycophyte" may be used to include the extinct zosterophylls or to exclude them.
Deutsche Schule Málaga
Deutsche Schule in der Provinz Málaga or Deutsche Schule Málaga (DS Málaga; Spanish: Colegio Alemán de Málaga) is a private German international school in Marbella, Malaga Province, Spain. It serves years 1–12, The education begins in early childhood, and ends with Oberstufe/Bachillerato.

The pastor of the German Evangelical Church and the former consul of the Empire of Germany established the school, which educated German and Spanish children and was founded in 1898. It closed in 1945, at the end of World War II, but was re-established in 1967 by Hans (Juan) Hoffmann Heinkeder (Berlin, 1916-Málaga, 1998), the German Consul General in Malaga at the time.

Province of Málaga
The Province of Málaga (Spanish: Provincia de Málaga [ˈmalaɣa]) is located in Andalusia, Spain. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and by the provinces of Cádiz to the west, Seville to the northwest, Córdoba to the north, and Granada to the east.

The province is subject to extreme water stress in the wake of the proliferation of avocado plantations in the Axarquía region, with the arid local climate being unsuitable to the plant's large water demands.
In the Forest of the Night
"In the Forest of the Night" is the tenth episode of the eighth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 25 October 2014. The episode was written by Frank Cottrell-Boyce and directed by Sheree Folkson.

In the episode, the alien time traveller the Doctor (Peter Capaldi) and his companion, schoolteacher Clara (Jenna Coleman), go looking for Maebh (Abigail Eames), a missing student of Clara's who is able to hear the voices of a large forest that covered all of Earth the previous night.

The episode was watched by 6.92 million viewers and received mixed reviews from critics.

Sheree Folkson
Sheree Folkson is a British film and television director.

Some of her television credits are American Horror Story, The Bill, Band of Gold, Doctor Who, The Young Person's Guide to Becoming a Rock Star, Casanova, Hope Springs, Truckers, the American series Ugly Betty, Penny Dreadful: City of Angels, Bridgerton, Sex/Life and Will Trent.

Her film credits include Gypsy Woman (2001), My Family and Other Animals (2005) and The Decoy Bride (2011) starring David Tennant.
Ésera
The Ésera (Spanish: [ˈeseɾa]) is a tributary of the Cinca in the High Aragon. It is part of the valley of the Ebro and its drainage basin. Its etymology is Celtic and it is cognate with several European rivers: Isar, Jizera, Isère, Isel, IJssel, and Eisack.

Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
Battle of Buda
There have been several Battles of Buda in history:

Siege of Buda (1529)

Siege of Buda (1530)

Siege of Buda (1541), capture of the city of Buda by the Turkish Ottoman Emperor Suleiman the Magnificent, as he invaded central Hungary

Siege of Pest (1542), an attempt to recapture Buda from the Turks

Siege of Buda (1684), a battle when an Austrian army tried to take Buda from Ottoman Turkey

Siege of Buda (1686), a battle when the Holy League took Buda from Ottoman Turkey

Siege of Buda (1849), a battle during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848–49, the Hungarian army led by General Artúr Görgei captured Buda from the Austrian Imperial Army.

Siege of Budapest (1944-1945), capture of Budapest by the Soviet Union

Battles of Fort Budapest (1973)

Battles of Fort Budapest
31°10′31.0″N 32°26′45.7″E﻿ / ﻿31.175278°N 32.446028°E﻿ / 31.175278; 32.446028

The Battles of Fort Budapest (Hebrew: מעוז בודפשט) refer to two attempts by the Egyptian Army to capture Fort Budapest, part of Israel's Bar Lev Line, during the Yom Kippur War. The first attempt took place at noon on October 6, 1973, with the start of Operation Badr, but failed due to Israeli Air Force intervention. The second attempt took place on October 15, at the onset of Operation Stouthearted Men, the Israeli military operation to cross the Suez Canal. Despite significant setbacks caused by poor sea conditions, the second attack was on the verge of success when the Israeli Air Force once again intervened, and this, coupled with Israeli reinforcements, repelled the Egyptian attack.
Ari Pakarinen
Ari Pakarinen (born 14 May 1969) is a retired male javelin thrower from Finland. His personal best throw is 85.18 metres, achieved in July 1995 in Lapua.

He finished fifth at the 1993 World Championships. He later qualified for the final at the 2002 European Championships, but finished last with no valid result.

1993 World Championships in Athletics
The 4th World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 1993), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held in the Neckarstadium, Stuttgart, Germany between 13 and 22 August with the participation of 187 nations. Having originally being held every four years in 1983, 1987 and 1991, these championships began a two-year cycle between events.
Burr Chamberlain
Burr Clark "B. C." Chamberlain (August 21, 1877 – November 11, 1933) was an American college football player and coach. He played college football at Yale University from 1896 to 1898 at the center and tackle positions. Three times he was an All-American. Chamberlain served as the head football for one season at Stanford University in 1899 and for a season at the United States Naval Academy in 1903 season, compiling a career head coaching record of 6–12–3. He also coached football at the United States Military Academy, the University of Virginia, and his alma mater, Yale.

Chamberlain was born  on August 21, 1877, in Dalton, Massachusetts. He died of a heart attack, at his home in Bronxville, New York, on November 11, 1933.

Bronxville, New York
Bronxville is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States, located approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of Midtown Manhattan. It is part of the town of Eastchester. The village comprises one square mile (2.5 km2) of land in its entirety, approximately 20% of the town of Eastchester. As of the 2020 U.S. census, Bronxville had a population of 6,656.
Let's Get Together (short story)
"Let's Get Together" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov.  It was originally published in the February 1957 issue of Infinity Science Fiction, and included in the collections The Rest of the Robots (1964) and The Complete Robot (1982). The story involves Russian droids that infiltrate America with plans to trigger a nuclear-level explosion. The robots in this tale are very different from Asimov's norm, being quite willing to work as war machines.  The tale is also based on a continuation of Cold War hostility, rather than the peaceful unified world of most of the robot stories.

Infinity Science Fiction
Infinity Science Fiction was an American science fiction magazine, edited by Larry T. Shaw, and published by Royal Publications. The first issue, which appeared in November 1955, included Arthur C. Clarke's "The Star", a story about a planet destroyed by a nova (an exploding star) that turns out to have been the Star of Bethlehem; it won the Hugo Award for that year. Shaw obtained stories from some of the leading writers of the day, including Brian Aldiss, Isaac Asimov, and Robert Sheckley, but the material was of variable quality. In 1958 Irwin Stein, the owner of Royal Publications, decided to shut down Infinity; the last issue was dated November 1958.

The title was revived a decade later by Stein's publishing house, Lancer Books, as a paperback anthology series. Five volumes were published between 1970 and 1973, edited by Robert Hoskins; a sixth was prepared but withdrawn after Lancer ran into financial problems at the end of 1973.
George Castle (lacrosse)
George Castle (born October 8, 1984) from Glenside, Pennsylvania, is an American lacrosse player previously with the Philadelphia Wings of National Lacrosse League. He is a defensive midfielder.  A William Penn Charter School graduate, Castle played collegiate lacrosse with the Johns Hopkins Blue Jays where he helped his team win two national championships.

In December 2008, he joined the Philadelphia Wings as a free agent for the 2009 season, primarily as a defensive player. Castle's father, J.R. Castle, played on the Wings' inaugural team during its 1987 season.

In 2012, Castle was selected in the 4th round of the 2012 North American Lacrosse League draft (23rd overall) and played for the Stickhorses in their 2013 NALL campaign.

The Radotin Custodes (Czech Republic) also selected Castle 17th overall in the European Lacrosse League draft  where he also competed in the 2013 ELL season.

North American Lacrosse League
The North American Lacrosse League (NALL) was a professional indoor lacrosse league based in the United States. It was founded in 2011 as North America's fourth professional lacrosse league, after American Lacrosse League (field lacrosse, 1987) Major League Lacrosse (a field lacrosse league) and the National Lacrosse League (the established professional indoor lacrosse organization). However, a rift in the organization led to the departure of four of the five teams to form the Professional Lacrosse League. After playing only one "full" season that was plagued with canceled games, a franchise folding, and players not showing up for games, the leagues folded.
Hamka Hamzah
Hamka Hamzah (born 29 January 1984) is an Indonesian former professional footballer who plays as a centre-back. In the past, he once played as a forward. Hamka also has one appearance as a goalkeeper in Persik Kediri.

2018 East Kalimantan Governor Cup
2018 East Kalimantan Governor Cup or 2018 East Borneo Governor Cup (Indonesian: Piala Gubernur Kaltim 2018) was the second edition of East Kalimantan Governor Cup football championship, which was held by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) as pre-season tournament during 2018 Liga 1 season break. The tournament started on 23 February 2018 and ended on 4 March 2018. The broadcasting rights were granted solely to MNCTV.
Debra Maggart
Debra Young Maggart (born October 11, 1960) is an American politician and the former Republican Caucus Chairman of the Tennessee House of Representatives. She was elected to represent the 45th district, which is part of Sumner County. She served in the state legislature from 2004 to 2012.

Sumner County, Tennessee
Sumner County is a county located on the central northern border of Tennessee in the United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 196,281. Its county seat is Gallatin, and its most populous city is Hendersonville. The county is named after an American Revolutionary War hero, General Jethro Sumner.

Sumner County is part of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is made up of eight cities, including Gallatin, Goodlettsville, Hendersonville, Millersville, Mitchellville, Portland, Westmoreland, and White House. Sumner County is 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Nashville, Tennessee.
Jardega Jarte
Jardega Jarte is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Amuru Jarte woreda. Part of the Horo Gudru Welega Zone it is bordered on the east by Abay Chomen, on the south by Horo, on the southwest by Abe Dongoro, on the west by East Welega Zone, on the northwest by Amuru on the north by the Abay River which separates it from the Amhara Region, and on the east by Abay Chomen. The administrative center is Alibo. The other town in this district is jardega ( Jarmet ).
The large field which is called Jarmet is found in this district. and the other historical place is Oda Wixar which is found in Darge Koticha Kebele.The district is known for its cattle, crop productivity and production of honey. Also in some Kebeles such as Derge Koticha, Harbu Negaso, Kiltu Cheka, Digalu, Wato and others production of coffee, fruits and vegetables is common.

Horo Guduru Welega Zone
Horo Guduru Welega (Oromo: Wallaggaa Horroo Guduruu) is a zone in  Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former province of Welega, whose eastern part lay in the area Horo Guduru Welega now occupies. Horo Guduru Welega was formed of woredas, including East Welega Zone. Horo Guduru is bordered on the east by West Shewa Zone, on the west by East Welega Zone, and on the north by Amhara Region.

The seat of the zonal administration cabinet is in Shambu town. Shambu is a seat for Horro Woreda and Shambu town woreda in addition to the zonal service.

In this zone, various community associations are working on supporting elderly, children, and youths suffering financially and lacking family support. One such association is Oda Buluq Integrated Development Association (OBIDA), registered in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Llyn Traffwll
Llyn Traffwll is a 91 acre natural lake located, in Anglesey, Wales. Located midway between the villages of Rhosneigr and Valley it lies less than a kilometre south of the A55 North Wales Expressway. It is one of the largest natural lake on the island with Llyn Alaw and Llyn Cefni both being reservoirs. Along with the surrounding smaller lakes it is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and is adjacent to the Valley Wetlands RSPB site. Formerly (starting in 1866) the lake was used to supply water to Holyhead by the Holyhead Water Company, and to aid water management a small dam was built which still exists.

In late 2019 it was reported that a 300 acre Photovoltaic power station called Parc Solar Traffwl was planned to be constructed near the lake. The Welsh language novel Madam Wen, Arwes yr Ogof, written by William David Owen, is set by the lake.

Rhosneigr
Rhosneigr (Welsh: [r̥oːsˈnɛiɡr] ⓘ) is a village in the south-west of  Anglesey, north Wales. It is situated on the A4080 road. It is south-east of Holyhead, and is on the Anglesey Coastal Path. From the clock tower in the village centre, RAF Valley and Holyhead Mountain (Mynydd Twr) can be seen. The towns of Holyhead and Llangefni and the city of Bangor are all within easy travelling distance.

The village contains four caravan sites, three campsites, holiday homes and bungalows, pubs, hotels, cafes, a village hall, a chapel, residential homes, a school, a fire station, a convenience store and post office, a pharmacy and a fish and chip shop. It is served by Rhosneigr railway station.
Folsom Falls
Folsom Falls is a small waterfall located on the Cimarron River in Union County in northeastern New Mexico, east of the city of Raton.  It is about 3 miles northeast of the town of Folsom, New Mexico, along New Mexico State Highway 456.

New Mexico State Road 456
State Road 456 (NM 456) is a 58.784-mile-long (94.604 km) state highway in northeast New Mexico. NM 456's western terminus is in Folsom, New Mexico at NM 325, and the eastern terminus is at the Oklahoma state line west of Kenton, Oklahoma. At the state line, it becomes Oklahoma State Highway 325 (SH-325).