hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gribov Medal
The Gribov Medal is administered by the High Energy and Particle Physics Division (EPS-HEPP) of the European Physical Society (EPS).

It is awarded every two years since 2001  for outstanding work by an early career researcher (maximum of 8 years - excluding career interruptions - of research experience following the PhD) in Theoretical Particle Physics and/or Field Theory. The prize is awarded during the EPS conference on High Energy Physics, together with the other prizes awarded by EPS-HEPP: the High Energy and Particle Physics Prize, the Cocconi Prize, the Young Experimental Physicist Prize and the Outreach Prize. It is named after Vladimir Naumovich Gribov.

Vladimir Gribov
Vladimir Naumovich Gribov (Russian Влади́мир Нау́мович Гри́бов; March 25, 1930 – August 13, 1997) was a prominent Russian theoretical physicist, who worked on high-energy physics, quantum field theory and the Regge theory of the strong interactions.

His best known contributions are the pomeron, the DGLAP equations, and the Gribov copies.
James Neale (Australian politician)
James Henry Neale (27 December 1828 – 27 December 1890) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Liverpool to pastoralist John Neale and Sarah Lee. He was a butcher before entering politics. In 1864 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for East Sydney. He transferred to Hartley in 1869 and back to East Sydney in 1872 before retiring in 1874. In 1883 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he remained until his death at Wentworth Falls in 1890.

Electoral district of Hartley (New South Wales)
Hartley was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1859 in the Lithgow area and named after the town of Hartley, near Lithgow. It replaced part of Cook and Westmoreland. From 1891 to 1894, it elected two members. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Bathurst, along with Orange. It was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1968 and partly replaced by Blue Mountains.
The Entity (album)
The Entity is the debut album by American underground rapper King Gordy. It was released on June 24, 2003 via Web Entertainment. The record featured guest appearances by the likes of fellow Detroit-based rappers Bizarre, Obie Trice, and the Fat Killahz. The audio production was handled by Eminem, Luis Resto, The 45 King, the Almighty Dreadnaughtz (0-1, Blitz, Cysion, Hex Murda, Konphlict), and Bass Brothers (among others), who also served as executive producers of the album.

Gordy released a music video for the song "Nightmares".

Bass Brothers
The Bass Brothers are an American record producer brother duo comprising Mark and Jeff Bass. They were responsible for helping Eminem with the creation of Infinite. Before that, they worked with George Clinton. Tracks from those sessions ended up on the P-Funk All Stars album Dope Dogs. Jeff Bass is considered one of the most influential people in Eminem's career. On their work with Eminem, Mark and Jeff Bass are credited as F.B.T. Productions.
Tswelopele Local Municipality elections
The Tswelopele Local Municipality council consists of fifteen members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Eight councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in eight wards, while the remaining seven are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received.

The African National Congress (ANC) has won a majority in each election. In the 2021 South African municipal elections the African National Congress (ANC) won a reduced majority of ten seats on the council.

Ward (South Africa)
In South Africa, wards are geopolitical subdivisions of municipalities used for electoral purposes. Each metropolitan and local municipality is delimited by the Municipal Demarcation Board into half as many wards as there are seats on the municipal council (rounding up if there are an odd number of seats). Each ward then elects one councillor directly, and the remaining councillors are elected from party lists so that the overall party representation is proportional to the proportion of votes received by each party.

After the 2021 municipal elections, there are 4,468 wards in South Africa.
Servius Sulpicius Galba (praetor 54 BC)
Servius Sulpicius Galba was a Roman general and politician, praetor in 54 BC, and an assassin of Julius Caesar.

As legate of Julius Caesar's 12th Legion during his Gallic Wars, he defeated the Nantuates in 57 BC in the Battle of Octodurus.

Servius Galba then had a dispute with Caesar over a debt, also felt his friendship with Caesar cost him the consular election in 49 BC. In 45 BC, Galba complained that the Senators were not given their proper respect.  According to Suetonius, Caesar had an affair with Galba's wife Postumia, which caused more anger.

Later, angered by Caesar's opposition to his campaign for the consulship, Servius Galba joined the conspiracy with Brutus and Cassius, and was consequently condemned to death by the Pedian law. He was the great-grandfather of the Roman Emperor of the same name.

Legio XII Fulminata
Legio XII Fulminata ("Thunderbolt Twelfth Legion"), also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. The unit was still guarding the Euphrates River crossing near Melitene at the beginning of the 5th century.

The legion's emblem was a thunderbolt (on a shield fulmen). In later centuries it came to be called commonly, but incorrectly, the Legio Fulminatrix, the Thundering Legion.
Eighth Cambridge Survey
The 8C Survey (8C) or Rees 38 MHz survey is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 38 MHz. It was published in 1990 by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge. Sources are labelled 8C HHMM+DDd where HHMM is the Right Ascension in hours and minutes, and DDd is the Declination in degrees and tenths of a degree, e.g. 8C 0014+861 for a source at Right Ascension 00 14 and 86.1 degrees Declination in 1950 coordinates.

Right ascension
Right ascension (abbreviated RA; symbol α) is the angular distance of a particular point measured eastward along the celestial equator from the Sun at the March equinox to the (hour circle of the) point in question above the Earth. 
When paired with declination, these astronomical coordinates specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system.

An old term, right ascension (Latin: ascensio recta) refers to the ascension, or the point on the celestial equator that rises with any celestial object as seen from Earth's equator, where the celestial equator intersects the horizon at a right angle. It contrasts with oblique ascension, the point on the celestial equator that rises with any celestial object as seen from most latitudes on Earth, where the celestial equator intersects the horizon at an oblique angle.
1958 Sudanese coup d'état
A bloodless coup d'état took place in Sudan on 17 November 1958.

The coup was effectively a self-coup, orchestrated by Prime Minister Abdallah Khalil (in office since 1956), against the civilian government formed following the 1958 parliamentary election. The government was a coalition between Khalil's National Umma Party (NUP) and the People's Democratic Party (PDP). Khalil simultaneously served as Minister of Defence in the government. The United States and the United Kingdom were aware of the plot.

The coup occurred on the day parliament was to convene. Khalil, himself a retired army general, planned the coup in conjunction with leading NUP members and the army's two senior generals, Ibrahim Abboud and Ahmad Abd al-Wahab, who became leaders of the new military regime. Khalil was not allowed to participate in the new government and was retired on a pension.

Self-coup
A self-coup, also called an autocoup (from Spanish  autogolpe) or coup from the top, is a form of coup d'état in which a political leader, having come to power through legal means, stays in office or vastly increases their power illegally through the actions of themselves or their supporters, thus performing a coup on one's own government. The leader may dissolve or render powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assume extraordinary powers. Other measures may include annulling the constitution, suspending civil courts, and having the head of government assume dictatorial powers.

From 1946 to the beginning of 2021, an estimated 148 self-coup attempts took place, 110 in autocracies and 38 in democracies.
2009 Scheldeprijs
The 2009 Scheldeprijs cycling race took place on 15 April 2009. It was the 97th running of the Scheldeprijs. A breakaway of Lorenzo Bernucci, Matthé Pronk, Pavel Brutt and Jeff Louder formed after 80 km, and stayed free of the peloton until 9 km to go. Bernucci, of LPR Brakes–Farnese Vini, attacked again when the lead group was caught and was joined once more by Brutt, of Team Katusha. The two were caught again by the Quickstep-led peloton at 4 km to go. A bunch sprint ensued, won by Alessandro Petacchi. Robbie McEwen, Tom Boonen and Greg Van Avermaet crashed 200 m from the finish when their wheels touched.

Lorenzo Bernucci
Lorenzo Bernucci (born 15 September 1979 in Sarzana) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer. He rose to international prominence when he won stage 6 of the 2005 Tour de France, when riding for Fassa Bortolo.
Aryan Valley
Aryan Valley, historically known as Dah Hanu region, is an area comprising four village clusters — Dah and Hanu in Leh district, and Garkon and Darchik in Kargil district — in Central Ladakh in India. It is inhabited by Brokpa people of Dardic origin. Until its absorption into the Maryul kingdom, Brokpa chiefs wielded nominal autonomy in the region.

The current name originated in the tourism industry c. 2010 to market the Brokpas, the local inhabitants, as being the primordial Aryans..However, it lacks scientific proof.

Hanu, Ladakh
Hanu (also called Hanoo) is a village panchayat in the Khalsi tehsil in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is one of the main Brokpa villages in Ladakh. It is in the valley of the Hanu stream that flows from the Chorbat La pass to drain into the Indus river.
Bell (1788 ship)
Bell was launched in 1788 in Liverpool. Between 1788 and 1795 she made five voyages as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. The French captured her in 1798 on her sixth voyage transporting enslaved people after she had embarked her captives. In 1798, the Royal Navy destroyed her.

Liverpool slave trade
Liverpool, a port city in north-west England, was involved in the transatlantic slave trade. The trade developed in the eighteenth century, as Liverpool slave traders took part in the highly profitable triangular trade. Trade goods (tools, nails, etc.) were sent to the Bight of Biafra, sold there for a profit and slaves bought, the ships then crossed the Atlantic to the Americas and the slaves were sold there for a profit and agricultural products (tobacco, cotton, suger cane) bought, before the ships returned to Liverpool. There the cotton, for example, was sold to the cotton mills in the industrializing North of England to produce fabric.
Nenteriidae
Nenteriidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata.

Nenteriidae is currently (2024) a nomen nudum, since it remains without a diagnosis. The name was first published in 1979 by Werner Hirschmann.

Werner Hirschmann
Werner Hirschmann (1921 - 1993) was a German acarologist (zoologist specializing in mites).

In 1951 he earned a 
doctorate from the University of Erlangen, with the thesis: "Subcorticale Parasitiformes und die Gattung Digamasellus Berlese 1905", but like many German acarologists, he earned a living as a high school biology teacher.

He described over 1400 taxa, but his methods of defining mite genera have not always been accepted.
Mercato Centrale (Florence)
The Mercato Centrale (Central Market in English) in Florence is located between via dell'Ariento, via Sant'Antonino, via Panicale and Piazza del Mercato Centrale. It is one of the results from the time of risanamento, the period when Florence was the capital of Italy in the late nineteenth century. It was designed by Giuseppe Mengoni, an architect who also conceived the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan.

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II (Italian: [ɡalleˈriːa vitˈtɔːrjo emanuˈɛːle seˈkondo]; Lombard: Galeria Vittori Emanuel) is Italy's oldest active shopping arcade and a major landmark of Milan. Housed within a four-story double arcade in the centre of town, the Galleria is named after Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of the Kingdom of Italy. It was designed in 1861 and built by architect Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877.
Gokuldas Prabhu
Krishna Gokuldas Prabhu (born 28 December 1954) is an Indian author, translator, and activist from Kerala who writes in the Konkani language. He is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize. He has served multiple terms as the president of the Akhil Bharatiya Konkani Parishad and as a member of the General Council of the Sahitya Akademi.

K. P. Ramanunni
K. P. Ramanunni is a novelist and short-story writer from Kerala, India. His first novel Sufi Paranja Katha (What the Sufi Said) won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 1995 and the novel Daivathinte Pusthakam (God's Own Book) won the Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award in 2017. Jeevithathinte Pusthakam (Book of Life) won the 2011 Vayalar Award.
Mandelic acid
Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) with the molecular formula C6H5CH(OH)CO2H. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. Its principal use in organic synthesis is as a useful precursor to various drugs.

Homatropine
Homatropine (Equipin, Isopto Homatropine) is an anticholinergic medication that is an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system.  It is used in eye drops as a cycloplegic (to temporarily paralyze accommodation), and as a mydriatic (to dilate the pupil).

The related chemical compound homatropine methylbromide (methylhomatropine) is a different medication. Homatropine is less potent than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.  It is available as the hydrobromide salt.  Homatropine is also given as an atropine substitute, given to reverse the muscarinic and CNS effects associated with indirect cholinomimetic (anti-AChase) administration.

Homatropine hydrobromide is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

It is an antagonist of all five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Caylor
Caylor is a surname of Scottish origin. It is a variant of Keillor. Notable people with the surname include:

Dulcy Caylor (born 2007), American artistic gymnast

Lowell Caylor, American football player

O. P. Caylor (1849–1897), American baseball columnist, executive, and manager

Rose Caylor (1898–1979), Russian-American screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist

Rose Caylor
Rose Caylor (born Rose Libman, 15 March 1898 – March 1979) was a Russian-American screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist known for her work in the U.S. in the 1920s through the 1940s. She was married to filmmaker and journalist Ben Hecht.
Pierre Quinon
Pierre Quinon (20 February 1962 – 17 August 2011) was a pole vaulter from France who won the 1984 Olympic Games pole vault gold medal and held the pole vault outdoor world record for just four days in the summer of 1983.

Hyères
Hyères (French pronunciation: [jɛʁ] ⓘ), Provençal Occitan: Ieras in classical norm, or Iero in Mistralian norm) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

The old town lies 4 km (2.5 mi) from the sea clustered around the Castle of Saint Bernard, which is set on a hill. Between the old town and the sea lies the pine-covered hill of Costebelle, which overlooks the peninsula of Giens. Hyères is the oldest resort on the French Riviera.
William Sims (American football)
William Alfred Sims (born December 30, 1970) is a German former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL).

Sims was born in Frankfurt, West Germany. He attended Brooks County High School in Quitman, Georgia and played collegiate football at the University of Southwestern Louisiana.

Sims was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent and spent the 1993 season on their practice squad. He dressed for eight games during the 1994 season as a special teams contributor. The Carolina Panthers selected Sims as their 26th pick in the 1995 NFL expansion draft, but he did not make the team.

Quitman, Georgia
Quitman is a city in and the county seat of Brooks County, Georgia, United States. The population was 4,064 in 2020. The Quitman Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Quitman was the home of James Pierpont, author of the song "Jingle Bells" (1857), and uncle of American financier J.P. Morgan. Pierpont was an organist for the First Presbyterian Church. James' daughter, Lillie, was Quitman's first librarian in 1880.

A local Quitman ordinance prohibits chickens from crossing the road.

It is called "Camellia City", as the tree grows in profusion around the area.
CAE Phoenix
CAE Phoenix (formerly CAE Oxford Aviation Academy Phoenix, CAE Global Academy Phoenix and Sabena Airline Training Center) (CAE SATC) is an aviation school owned by CAE and located in Mesa at Falcon Field Airport. A former subsidiary of Sabena Flight Academy, the school has previously trained students including those of Air Algérie, SFA, Nationale Luchtvaartschool (NLS), Turkish Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, EVA Air, British Airways, Southwest Airlines, Japan Airlines, jetBlue, American Airlines, Emirates, EasyJet, CityJet, IndiGo, Aeromexico and AirAsia.

Turkish Airlines
Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yolları), or legally Türk Hava Yolları Anonim Ortaklığı, is the flag carrier of Turkey. As of June 2024, it operates scheduled services to 352 destinations (including cargo) in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and the Americas. The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world and flies to 131 countries, more than any other airline. With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division Turkish Cargo serves 82 destinations. The airline also owns a low-cost subsidiary, AJet.

The airline's corporate headquarters are on the grounds of Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul. The airline's main base is Istanbul Airport in Arnavutköy. It has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008.
Channel surface
In geometry and topology, a channel surface or canal surface is a surface formed as the envelope of a family of spheres whose centers lie on a space curve, its directrix. If the radii of the generating spheres are constant, the canal surface is called a pipe surface. Simple examples are:

right circular cylinder (pipe surface, directrix is a line, the axis of the cylinder)

torus (pipe surface, directrix is a circle),

right circular cone (canal surface, directrix is a line (the axis), radii of the spheres not constant),

surface of revolution (canal surface, directrix is a line).

Canal surfaces play an essential role in descriptive geometry, because in case of an orthographic projection its contour curve can be drawn as the envelope of circles.

In technical area canal surfaces can be used for blending surfaces  smoothly.

Generatrix
In geometry, a generatrix (/dʒɛnəˈreɪtrɪks/) or describent is a point, curve or surface that, when moved along a given path, generates a new shape. The path directing the motion of the generatrix motion is called a directrix or dirigent.
John Trevor (died 1357)
John Trevor (Welsh: Ieuan Trefor) (died 1357) was the first man of that name to hold the position of Bishop of St Asaph in north Wales, from 1346 to 1357.

The famous bridge across the River Dee at Llangollen, Denbighshire is reputed to have been built in about 1345 by John Trevor, who was then living at nearby Trefor Hall. His father, Iorwerth ab Adda, is buried at nearby Valle Crucis Abbey.

Valle Crucis Abbey
Valle Crucis Abbey (Valley of the Cross) is a Cistercian abbey located in Llantysilio in Denbighshire, north Wales. More formally the Abbey Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Valle Crucis it is known in Welsh both as Abaty Glyn Egwestl and Abaty Glyn y Groes.
The abbey was built in 1201 by Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor, Prince of Powys Fadog. Valle Crucis was dissolved in 1537 during the dissolution of the monasteries, and subsequently fell into serious disrepair. The building is now a ruin, though large parts of the original structure still survive. Valle Crucis Abbey is now under the care of Cadw. The abbey received 5,690 visitors in 2018.
Washington National Opera
Washington National Opera (WNO) is an American opera company based in Washington, D.C. The company was founded in 1956 as the Opera Society of Washington, renamed the Washington Opera in 1977, and designated by Congress as the national opera company in 2000. From 1971 to 2025, its performances were given in the Opera House of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.

Opera house
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera. Like many theaters, it usually includes a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, backstage facilities for costumes and building sets, as well as offices for the institution's administration.

While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed, the term opera house is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing arts center.
Metropolitan Water Board
The Metropolitan Water Board was a municipal body formed in 1903 to manage the water supply in London, UK. The members of the board were nominated by the local authorities within its area of supply. In 1904 it took over the water supply functions from the eight private water companies which had previously supplied water to residents of London. The board oversaw a significant expansion of London's water supply infrastructure, building several new reservoirs and water treatment works.

The Metropolitan Water Board was abolished in 1974 when control was transferred to the Thames Water Authority, which was subsequently re-privatised as Thames Water.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
Lucas Moraes
Lucas Moraes (born 12 December 1989) is a Brazilian off-road racing driver. He is currently driving for Dacia Sandriders in the World Rally-Raid Championship as part of Red Bull's rallying team for rally raid events. Moraes has achieved multiple accolades throughout his career, including winning the South American Mitsubishi Cup on two occasions, the Brazilian championship three times, as well as finishing third on his Dakar Rally debut in 2023.

Off-road racing
Off-road racing is a form of motorsports consisting of specially-modified vehicles including cars, SUVs, trucks, motorbikes, quadbikes and buggies racing in off-road environments (e.g. snow, dirt, mud, etc.).