hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Generative topographic map
Generative topographic map (GTM) is a machine learning method that is a probabilistic counterpart of the self-organizing map (SOM), is probably convergent and does not require a shrinking neighborhood or a decreasing step size. It is a generative model: the data is assumed to arise by first probabilistically picking a point in a low-dimensional space, mapping the point to the observed high-dimensional input space (via a smooth function), then adding noise in that space. The parameters of the low-dimensional probability distribution, the smooth map and the noise are all learned from the training data using the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm.  GTM was introduced in 1996 in a paper by Christopher Bishop, Markus Svensen, and Christopher K. I. Williams.

Neighbourhood (mathematics)
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a neighbourhood (or neighborhood) is one of the basic concepts in a topological space. It is closely related to the concepts of open set and interior. Intuitively speaking, a neighbourhood of a point is a set of points containing that point where one can move some amount in any direction away from that point without leaving the set.
LTV A-7P Corsair II
The Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) operated 50 LTV A-7 Corsair II aircraft in the anti-ship, air interdiction and air defense roles between 1981 and 1999. The Portuguese government acquired the Corsair II to replace the PoAF's North American F-86 Sabre fighters, with two orders being placed for a total of 50 A-7Ps and TA-7Ps. As part of the program one TA-7C belonging to the United States Navy was also loaned to the PoAF.

During its 18 years of service in the PoAF the A-7 fleet suffered 14 accidents and suffered from numerous maintenance and logistic problems in its last years of service due to the lack of spare parts and financial problems. Nevertheless, the program was seen as a success due to the evolution that it allowed the Air Force in aircraft maintenance, with focus in modern computer and electronic systems, and in the qualification of technicians and the modernization of the Portuguese military aviation industry.

Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance.  This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".
Dompé Farmaceutici
Dompé farmaceutici is an italian biopharmaceutical company based in Milan. It was founded in 1940. The company specialises on the development and production of primary care drugs, in the biotechnological sector and in research on therapeutic solutions for the treatment of rare diseases.

Neurotrophic keratitis
Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a degenerative disease of the cornea caused by damage of the trigeminal nerve, which results in impairment of corneal sensitivity, spontaneous corneal epithelium breakdown, poor corneal healing and development of corneal ulceration, melting and perforation. This is because, in addition to the primary sensory role, the nerve also plays a role maintaining the integrity of the cornea by supplying it with trophic  factors and regulating tissue metabolism.

Neurotrophic keratitis is classified as a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence of less than 5 in 10,000 people in Europe. It has been recorded that on average, 6% of herpetic keratitis cases may evolve to this disease, with a peak of 12.8% of cases of keratitis due to varicella zoster virus.

The diagnosis, and particularly the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis are the most complex and challenging aspects of this disease, as a satisfactory therapeutic approach is not yet available.
Roger L. Dell
Roger L. Dell (July 19, 1897 – March 8, 1966) was an American businessman, lawyer, and jurist.

Born in Bird Island, Minnesota, Dell graduated from Shakopee High School in Shakopee, Minnesota, in 1916.  He received his law degree, in 1920, from Saint Paul College of Law (now William Mitchell College of Law).  He was admitted to the Minnesota Bar and moved to Fergus Falls. He practiced there with several different law partners until Governor C. Elmer Anderson appointed him to the Minnesota Supreme Court in January 1953. He served as chief justice from 1953 to 1962. After his retirement in 1962, Dell managed and was president of Fergus Properties. Dell died in a hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota of a heart attack just before he was going undergo heart surgery.

William Mitchell College of Law
The William Mitchell College of Law was a private law school from 1956 to 2015 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. On December 9, 2015, the Hamline University School of Law and the William Mitchell College of Law were merged to form the Mitchell Hamline School of Law.

Before the 2015 merger, the law school was accredited by the American Bar Association, and offered full-time and part-time legal education in pursuit of the Juris Doctor degree.
FB PM-63
The PM-63 RAK (often incorrectly referred to as Ręczny Automat Komandosów—"commandos' hand-held automatic"; the name itself means cancer or crayfish in Polish) is a Polish 9×18mm submachine gun, designed by Piotr Wilniewczyc in cooperation with Tadeusz Bednarski, Grzegorz Czubak and Marian Wakalski. The RAK combines the characteristics of a self-loading pistol and a fully automatic submachine gun.

The PM-63 is featured on the logo of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization.

Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. Taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea. They breathe through feather-like gills. Some species are found in brooks and streams, where  fresh water is running, while others thrive in swamps, ditches, and paddy fields. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species, such as Procambarus clarkii, are hardier. Crayfish feed on animals and plants, either living or decomposing, and detritus.

The term "crayfish" is applied to saltwater species in some countries.
Linear speedup theorem
In computational complexity theory, the linear speedup theorem for Turing machines states that given any real c > 0 and any k-tape Turing machine solving a problem in time f(n), there is another k-tape machine that solves the same problem in time at most f(n)/c + 2n + 3, where k > 1.
If the original machine is non-deterministic, then the new machine is also non-deterministic.
The constants 2 and 3 in 2n + 3 can be lowered, for example, to n + 2.

The theorem also holds for Turing machines with 1-way, read-only input tape and  work tapes.

For single-tape Turing machines, linear speedup holds for machines with execution time at least . It provably does not hold for machines with time .

Pointer machine
In theoretical computer science, a pointer machine is an atomistic abstract computational machine whose storage structure is a graph. A pointer algorithm could also be an algorithm restricted to the pointer machine model.

Some particular types of pointer machines are called a linking automaton, a KU-machine, an SMM, an atomistic LISP machine, a tree-pointer machine, etc.

Pointer machines do not have arithmetic instructions. Computation proceeds only by reading input symbols, modifying and doing various tests on its storage structure—the pattern of nodes and pointers, and outputting symbols based on the tests. In this sense, the model is similar to the Turing machine.
Windsor Hills Historic District
Windsor Hills Historic District is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a residential suburb defined by rolling topography, winding streets, stone garden walls, walks and private alley ways, early-20th century garden apartments, duplexes, and freestanding residences. Structures are predominantly of frame construction with locally quarried stone foundations. There are no commercial buildings and only two public buildings: Mt. Shiloh AME Church and Windsor Elementary School.

Duplex (building)
A duplex house plan has two living units attached to each other, either next to each other as townhouses and condominiums or one above the other like apartments. By contrast, a building comprising two attached units on two distinct properties is typically considered semi-detached or twin homes but is also called a duplex in parts of the Northeastern United States, Western Canada, and Saudi Arabia.

The term "duplex" is not extended to three-unit and four-unit buildings, as they would be referred to with specific terms such as three-family (or triplex) and fourplex (or quadplex/quadruplex) or a more general multiplex. Because of the flexibility of the term, the line between an apartment building and a duplex is somewhat blurred, with apartment buildings tending to be bigger, while duplexes are usually the size of a single-family house.

Certain jurisdictions may describe these as paired homes.
Kate Daudy
Kate Daudy (born 1970) is a British visual artist based in London whose interdisciplinary work focuses on the human experience in the context of the natural world. Her wide-ranging practice appears in the form of installations, mixed media, film, NFTs, participatory performance, sculpture, and writing.

Daudy is recognized globally for her career, resulting in her inclusion in The Standard's London's Most Influential People in 2019. In 2022, Louis Vuitton nominated Daudy as one of 200 ‘visionaries’ in a global campaign. Her work has also been featured in The Times News in Pictures, and Vogue India.

Segovia
Segovia (/sɪˈɡoʊviə/ sig-OH-vee-ə, US also /seɪˈ-/ say-GOH-, Spanish: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is located in the Inner Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, near the northern slopes of the Sistema Central mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the Eresma river.

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: its midtown Roman aqueduct, its cathedral (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the Alcázar of Segovia (a fortress). The city center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
When Love Hurts
"When Love Hurts" is a song recorded by American recording artist JoJo that was intended for her third studio album, Mad Love (2016), (though didn't actually end up on it) and is included on her "tringle" (triple single) extended play (EP), III. (2015). The song was written by Ammar Malik, Benny Blanco, Daniel Omelio, Jason Evigan, creative team "The XX" and Ryn Weaver, while Blanco and Evigan also handled the production. "When Love Hurts" was the first song from the tringle to be promoted to radio via Atlantic Records. An official remix package was released on October 2, 2015. The song officially impacted Mainstream radio in the U.S. on November 17, 2015.

Jason Evigan
Jason Gregory Evigan (born June 10, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer best known as the vocalist for the rock band After Midnight Project, which was formed in 2004 before disbanding in 2012.

His songwriting or production credits include the singles "Girls Like You" and "What Lovers Do" by Maroon 5, "Physical" by Dua Lipa, "Ghosttown" by Madonna, "Heart Attack" by Demi Lovato, "Talk Dirty" by Jason Derulo, "Lovers on the Sun" by David Guetta, and "Shed a Light" by Robin Schulz.
Maracle
Maracle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cheri Maracle (born 1972), Canadian actress

Clifford Maracle (1944–1996), Canadian artist

Henry Maracle (1904–1958), Canadian ice hockey player

Lee Maracle (1950–2021), Canadian First Nations poet and author

Norm Maracle (born 1974), Canadian ice hockey player

Lee Maracle
Bobbi Lee Maracle OC (born Marguerite Aline Carter; July 2, 1950 – November 11, 2021) was an Indigenous Canadian writer and academic of the Stó꞉lō nation. Born in North Vancouver, British Columbia, she left formal education after grade 8 to travel across North America, attending Simon Fraser University on her return to Canada. Her first book, an autobiography called Bobbi Lee: Indian Rebel, was published in 1975. She wrote fiction, non-fiction, and criticism and held various academic positions. Maracle's work focused on the lives of Indigenous people, particularly women, in contemporary North America. As an influential writer and speaker, Maracle fought for those oppressed by sexism, racism, and capitalist exploitation.
Colchester Reef Light (Lake Erie, West)
The Colchester Reef Light is an active lighthouse situated on Colchester Reef in the Western Basin of Lake Erie south of the town of Colchester, Ontario.

It was originally built in 1885 by Colonel William P. Anderson to replace a lightvessel that was previously stationed on that location.  The original lighthouse tower was demolished in 1954 and the current structure is a white steel skeletal tower with a helicopter landing pad.

It is currently listed on the Canadian List of Lights as Light No. 620 and can be found on the Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart No. 2123.

Western Basin of Lake Erie
The Western Basin of Lake Erie is the shallowest and warmest part of the lake, covering approximately 2,600 square miles (6,700 km²). Its average depth is only about 24 feet (7 meters), making it highly susceptible to temperature fluctuations and biological activity. The basin’s relatively shallow waters contribute to its ecological dynamics, including the frequent formation of waves and algal blooms.
Unified Democratic Party
Unified Democratic Party (French: Parti Démocratique Unifié), was, despite its name, not a political party but an electoral alliance of two parties, the Voltaic Democratic Party (PDV-RDA) and the Social Party for the Emancipation of the African Masses (PSEMA), ahead of the 1957 territorial assembly elections in Upper Volta. PDU won 33 out of 70 seats.

After the elections PDU formed a government together with the Voltaic Democratic Movement (MDV). PDU held seven ministries and MDV five. The unity proved short-lived. PSEMA and MDV revolted against the vice-president Ouezzine Coulibaly and formed an opposition bloc, Voltaic Solidarity. Thus PDU was no more.

Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly
Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly (1 July 1909 – 7 September 1958) was the president of the governing council of the French colony of Upper Volta, today's Burkina Faso, from 17 May 1957 until his death on 7 September 1958 in Paris, France.  A native of Pouy, today in Banwa Province, Coulibaly also served in the French national assembly from 1946 to 1951 and from 1956 to 1958, as well as in the French senate from 1953 to 1956.

His wife was Célestine Ouezzin Coulibaly (1914–1997).
Wadena, Minnesota
Wadena (/wəˈdiːnə/ wə-DEEN-ə) is a city in Otter Tail and Wadena counties in the state of Minnesota.  It is about one hundred sixty miles northwest of the Minneapolis – Saint Paul metro area. The population was 4,325 at the 2020 census.  It is the county seat of Wadena County.

Wadena is an agricultural community and serves as a region hub for the Tri county area. Wadena is located at the crossroads of Highway 10 and Highway 71.

Mars Inc.
Mars, Incorporated (doing business as Mars Inc.) is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services founded on June 23, 1911. Mars is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area, and is entirely owned by the Mars family. The company had US$45 billion in annual sales in 2022; that year Forbes ranked the company as the fourth-largest privately held company in the United States.

Mars operates in four subsidiaries around the world: Snacking (headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with U.S. headquarters in Hackettstown and Newark, New Jersey), Petcare (Zaventem, Belgium; Poncitlán, Jalisco, Mexico; Querétaro, Mexico), Food (Rancho Dominguez, California) and Mars Edge (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences division.
Archdiocese of Mbandaka-Bikoro
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mbandaka-Bikoro (Latin: Mbandakan(us)–Bikoroën(sis)) is the Metropolitan See for the Latin Rite Ecclesiastical province of Mbandaka-Bikoro, in the western part of Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is under the authority of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

The cathedral archiepiscopal see is at the Cathedral of St. Eugene, in Mbandaka, Équateur Province.

Apostolic administration
An apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic administration), or is a diocese, archdiocese, eparchy or similar permanent ordinariate (such as a territorial prelature or a territorial abbacy) that has no mainstay prelate (an apostolic administrator sede vacante, as after an episcopal death, resignation or transfer to another territory) or, in very rare cases, has an incapacitated head (apostolic administrator sede plena). The title also applies to an outgoing incumbent while awaiting for the date of assuming his new position or date of effectivity of a retirement.
Caleb Smith (skeleton racer)
Caleb Smith (born October 5, 1983) is an American skeleton racer who has competed since 2001. His best Skeleton World Cup finish was second at Lake Placid in December 2006.

Smith's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 12th in the men's event at St. Moritz in 2007. Smith captured the 2007 US national championship alongside silver and bronze medals in the 2004 and 2005 junior world championships.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.
Josh Newman (baseball)
Joshua Paul Newman (born June 11, 1982) is an American baseball coach and former relief pitcher, who is the current pitching coach of the Purdue Boilermakers. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 2007 and 2008 for the Colorado Rockies and Kansas City Royals.

Purdue Boilermakers baseball
The Purdue Boilermakers baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball program of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. The program's first season was in 1888, and it has been a member of the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference since the start of the 1906 season. Its home venue is Alexander Field, located on Purdue's campus. Greg Goff is the team's head coach starting in the 2020 season. The program has appeared in 3 NCAA tournaments. It has won one conference tournament championship and 2 regular season conference titles. As of the start of the 2021 Major League Baseball season, 24 former Boilermakers have appeared in Major League Baseball.
2003 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council election
The 2003 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of Southend-on-Sea Borough Council in Essex, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.

Southend-on-Sea City Council
Southend-on-Sea City Council is the local authority of the city of Southend-on-Sea, in the ceremonial county of Essex, England. Southend has had an elected local authority since 1866, which has been reformed several times. Since 1998 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council; it is independent from Essex County Council

The council has been under no overall control since 2019. Since 2024 it has been led by a coalition of Labour, the Liberal Democrats and some of the independent councillors. It is based at Southend Civic Centre.

Since 2024, the government has planned to abolish the council and merge it with other parts of Essex as part of its planned reorganisation of local government in Essex in 2025.
Endon High School
Endon High School is a coeducational secondary school located in Endon in the English county of Staffordshire.

Endon Hall Primary School and St Lukes CE Primary School in Endon act as the main feeder schools for Endon High School, as well as St Anne's CE Primary School in Brown Edge.

Previously a community school administered by Staffordshire County Council, in November 2020 Endon High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Shaw Education Trust.

Endon High School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

Brown Edge
Brown Edge is a village and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of Staffordshire, England.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,406, increasing to 2,486 at the 2011 census.  The village is on the fringe of The Potteries Urban Area, and is about 5 miles north-east of Hanley in Stoke-on-Trent & operate an annual barn dance in which the local males look for an eligible partner.
Teufelsberg (Haardt)
The Teufelsberg is a hill massif, 598 metres high, in the southern Palatinate Forest on the territory of Burrweiler in the county of Südliche Weinstraße. It has a subpeak, the Lambertskopf (539 m). The Teufelsberg offers extensive views over the Upper Rhine Plain. It is not accessible by motor vehicle but may be ascended on various hiking trails.

Upper Rhine Plain
The Upper Rhine Plain, Rhine Rift Valley or Upper Rhine Graben (German: Oberrheinische Tiefebene, Oberrheinisches Tiefland or Oberrheingraben, French: Vallée du Rhin) is a major rift, about 350-kilometre-long (220 mi) and on average 50-kilometre-wide (31 mi), between Basel in the south and the cities of Frankfurt/Wiesbaden in the north. Its southern section straddles the France–Germany border. It forms part of the European Cenozoic Rift System, which extends across Central Europe. The Upper Rhine Graben formed during the Oligocene, as a response to the evolution of the Alps to the south. It remains active to the present day. Today, the Rhine Rift Valley forms a downfaulted trough through which the river Rhine flows.
2018 CS Autumn Classic International
The 2018 CS Autumn Classic International was held in September 2018 in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. It was part of the 2018–19 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.

Oakville, Ontario
Oakville is a town and lower-tier municipality and the seat of the Halton Region, Ontario, Canada. In the 2021 Canadian census the town had a population of 213,759, with an estimated 233,700 people as of 2024, making it Ontario's largest town. Oakville is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the largest urban area in Canada.