hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amdahl's law
In computer architecture, Amdahl's law (or Amdahl's argument) is a formula limiting the speedup of a task as resources are added to the system executing that task.

The law can be stated as:

the overall performance improvement gained by optimizing a single part of a system is limited by the fraction of time that the improved part is actually used.

It is named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl, and was presented at the American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1967.

Amdahl's law is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical speedup when using multiple processors.

Computer architecture
In computer science and computer engineering, a computer architecture is the structure of a computer system made from component parts. It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation. At a more detailed level, the description may include the instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.
VADS (organisation)
VADS (formerly an initialism for Visual Arts Data Service) is a service of the Library at the University for the Creative Arts (UCA) in the UK that provides digital images and other visual arts resources free and copyright cleared for use in UK higher education and further education.

It has provided services to the academic community since 3 March 1997, and has built up a portfolio of visual art collections comprising over 140,000 images.

University for the Creative Arts
The University for the Creative Arts is a specialist art and design university in Southern England.

It was formed in 2005 as University College for the Creative Arts at Canterbury, Epsom, Farnham, Maidstone and Rochester when the Kent Institute of Art and Design was merged into the Surrey Institute of Art & Design, which already had degree-awarding status; both constituent schools had been formed by merging the local art schools, in Kent and Surrey respectively. It was granted university status in 2008, and the name changed to the present one.
Unitarian Christian Association
The Unitarian Christian Association (UCA) is a fellowship of Christians who feel an affinity with traditional Unitarianism and Free Christianity. The association is based in the United Kingdom and is an affiliated society of the General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches, and has formal links with the European Liberal Protestant Network.

The UCA also has fraternal relations with European groups such as the Assemblée Fraternelle des Chrétiens Unitariens (AFCU) and Congregazione Italiana Cristiana Unitariana, along with North American groups such as the Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship and American Unitarian Conference.

As such, the UCA should be considered to be part of three Christian subcultures—the distinct traditions of Unitarianism and Free Christianity, and the broader 'umbrella movement' of liberal Christianity.

European Liberal Protestant Network
The European Liberal Protestant Network is an association of free Christians and Liberal Protestants of Europe.
It had its inaugural meeting at Bad Boll, Germany, July 1998 among Protestant members of the International Association for Religious Freedom.
Pirata (Jão album)
Pirata (transl. Pirate) is the third studio album by Brazilian singer Jão, released on 19 October 2021, by Universal Music. Described by Jão as a "album about new beginnings", Pirata explores themes such as love, sex, discoveries, and farewells. He produced the album with Paul Ralphes and Zebu.

The album was supported by three singles: "Coringa", "Não Te Amo", and "Idiota". Pirata was nominated for Multishow Brazilian Music Award for Album of the Year and Latin Grammy Award for Best Portuguese Language Contemporary Pop Album. The album won the MTV MIAW Awards Brazil for Album of the Year. Jão promoted the album with appearances at several award shows, television programs and festivals, as well embarked on the Turnê Pirata. The album has since been certified 2× platinum by the Pro-Música Brasil (PMB).

Pro-Música Brasil
Pro-Música Brasil (PMB), previously Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos (ABPD) (English: Brazilian Association of Record Producers), is an official representative body of the record labels in the Brazilian phonographic market.
Superman: Ultimate Flight
Superman: Ultimate Flight is the name of three flying roller coasters currently operating at three Six Flags amusement parks in the United States, those being Six Flags Over Georgia, Six Flags Great Adventure and Six Flags Great America. Each of these steel coasters were designed and built by Swiss manufacturer Bolliger & Mabillard and opened in 2002 and 2003. Since 2003, Six Flags has installed Superman: Ultimate Flight in three of their parks. Themed to the popular comic book character, Superman: Ultimate Flight simulates flying by positioning its passengers parallel to the track, supported by harnesses and facing the ground through most of the ride. In the station, riders board the train sitting down. After the train is locked and checked, the trains are raised into the flying position. After the ride, the seats are lowered back into the sitting position for the next round of riders.

Amusement Today
Amusement Today is a monthly periodical that features articles, news, pictures and reviews about all things relating to the amusement park industry, including parks, rides, and ride manufacturers. The trade newspaper, which is based in Arlington, Texas, United States, was founded in January 1997 by Gary Slade, Virgil E. Moore III and Rick Tidrow.

In 1997, Amusement Today won the Impact Award in the services category for "Best New Product" from the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA). A year later, in 1998, the magazine founded the Golden Ticket Awards, for which it has become best known for throughout the amusement park industry. On January 2, 2001, Slade bought out his two partners, giving him sole ownership of the paper. The paper has two full-time and two part-time staff members at its Arlington office, along with two full-time writers and several freelance writers in various parts of the world.
Romeo Brawner Jr.
Romeo Saturnino Brawner Jr. (born March 18, 1968) is a Philippine Army general who has served as the 60th Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines since July 21, 2023. Prior to his appointment to the post, Brawner previously served as the 64th Commanding General of the Philippine Army.

Born and raised from a military family with American roots, Brawner graduated from Philippine Military Academy (PMA) "Makatao" Class of 1989, and has been primarily deployed in special operations and infantry units, such as the 2nd Special Forces Battalion and the 103rd Infantry Brigade. Brawner was also known for his role as spokesperson and deputy commander of Task Force Ranao during the Siege of Marawi and for his campaign against hazing during his term as Commandant of Cadets in the PMA. Brawner was also appointed as the first Deputy Chief of Staff for Financial Management, J10, before being named as the commander of the 4th Infantry Division.

Order of Lapu-Lapu
The Order of Lapu-Lapu (Filipino: Orden ni Lapu-Lapu) is a national order of merit conferred by the President of the Philippines to officials and personnel of the government and private individuals in recognition of invaluable or extraordinary service in relation to a campaign or advocacy of the President. As a presidential award that is not included in the Honors Code of the Philippines, it ranks below the Presidential Medal of Merit.
Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy
Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy (cDSMA), also known as distal hereditary motor neuropathy (or neuronopathy) type VIII (dHMN8), is a hereditary medical condition characterized by muscle wasting (atrophy), particularly of distal muscles in legs and hands, and by early-onset contractures (permanent shortening of a muscle or joint) of the hip, knee, and ankle. Affected individuals often have shorter lower limbs relative to the trunk and upper limbs. The condition is a result of a loss of anterior horn cells localized to lumbar and cervical regions of the spinal cord early in infancy, which in turn is caused by a mutation of the TRPV4 gene. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Arm muscle and function, as well as cardiac and respiratory functions are typically well preserved.

Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents. Through heredity, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.
Grant Hollow, New York
Grant Hollow is a hamlet in Rensselaer County, in the U.S. state of New York.

The community took its name from the Grant-Ferris Company, manufacturers of agricultural equipment. The name is sometimes spelled with the apostrophe, "Grant's Hollow".

Rensselaer County, New York
Rensselaer County /rɛnsəˈlɪər/ ren-sə-LEER is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,130, it's highest decennial count ever. Its county seat is Troy. The county is named in honor of the family of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the original Dutch owner of the land in the area. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Rensselaer County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ilya Solaryov
Ilya Sergeyevich Solaryov also known as Ilya Solarev (Russian: Илья Сергеевич Соларёв; born August 2, 1982) is a Kazakhstani former professional ice hockey winger. He played for Barys Astana of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was selected by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 9th round (281st overall) of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.

Solaryov has played 119 regular season games and 14 playoff contests in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) with Barys Astana.

He participated at the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Kazakhstan men's national ice hockey team.

In September 2013, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) handed Solaryov a two-year ban following a positive test for Salbutamol. On December 5, 2013, he signed to play with the Danbury Whalers of the Federal Hockey League (FHL).

2001 NHL entry draft
The 2001 NHL entry draft was the 39th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 23 and 24, 2001, at the National Car Rental Center in Sunrise, Florida.

The last active player in the NHL from the 2001 draft class was Craig Anderson, who retired after the 2022–23 season, though he had previously been drafted in 1999.
USS Pargo
Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Pargo, named in honor of the pargo,  a fish of the genus Lutjanus found in the West Indies.

The first USS Pargo (SS-264), was a Gato-class submarine, commissioned in 1943 and struck in 1960.

The second USS Pargo (SSN-650), was a Sturgeon-class submarine, commissioned in 1968 and struck in 1995.

Lutjanus
Lutjanus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, snappers belonging to the family Lutjanidae. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. They are predatory fish usually found in tropical and subtropical reefs, and mangrove forests. This genus also includes two species that only occur in fresh and brackish waters.
3 Idiots (soundtrack)
3 Idiots is the soundtrack to the 2009 Indian Hindi-language film of the same name written and directed by Rajkumar Hirani and co-written by Abhijat Joshi. The soundtrack featured five original songs and two remixes composed and produced by Shantanu Moitra and lyrics written by Swanand Kirkire.

The soundtrack album was released by T-Series on 27 November 2009, to positive reviews from critics praising Moitra's composition and it was one of the "highest-selling Bollywood soundtrack of 2009". The album received two National Film Awards, six International Indian Film Academy Awards, five Global Indian Music Academy Awards and one nomination at the Filmfare Awards. The track "Aal Izz Well" was one of the "Top 10 Bollywood songs of the year" and became a sensation among the younger generation in that period. It was later re-released by Zee Music Company in 2021.

Abhijat Joshi
Abhijat Joshi (born 1 December 1969) is an Indian screenwriter, film director, producer and editor who works in Hindi cinema. He is known for collaboration with Vinod Chopra Productions and director Rajkumar Hirani, as the screenwriter for Lage Raho Munna Bhai  (2006), 3 Idiots (2009), PK (2014) and Sanju (2018). He is a professor of English at Otterbein University in Westerville, Ohio, since 2003.
Rinorea niccolifera
Rinorea niccolifera is a species of plant in the Violaceae family.

The plant was discovered on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, and described in 2014. It is known for its ability to bio-accumulate nickel. Specimens have been recorded with more than 18,000 μg of nickel per gram (dry weight) in their tissues, classifying it as a hyperaccumulator. It most closely resembles Rinorea bengalensis, also a known nickel hyperaccumulator.

Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola,  the violets and pansies.

Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. However, molecular phylogeny studies place the family in the Malpighiales as reflected in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification, with 41 other families, where it is situated in the parietal clade of 11 families. Most of the species are found in three large genera, Viola, Rinorea and Hybanthus. The other genera are largely monotypic or oligotypic. The genera are grouped into four clades within the family. The species are largely tropical or subtropical but Viola has a number of species in temperate regions. Many genera have a very restricted distribution.
Collins-Odom-Strickland House
Collins-Odom-Strickland House is a Victorian style house built in 1880 in Macon in Bibb County, Georgia. It was identified as one of the finest examples of Macon cottage-style architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 22, 1979. It is significant for its architecture and for its history. It was built by people associated with the railroads in Macon.

Bibb County, Georgia
Bibb County is located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 157,346. Bibb County is geographically located in the Central Georgia (Middle Georgia) region, and is the largest county in the Macon metropolitan area (metropolitan statistical area).

Bibb County has a consolidated city-county government following a merger of the county with its county seat and largest city, Macon, in 2014. They were later joined in this consolidated government in 2015 by the county's only other municipality, Payne City.
1998 Stevenage Borough Council election
Elections to Stevenage Council were held on 7 May 1998.  One third of the council was up for election; the seats which were last contested in 1994. The Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Labour 37

Liberal Democrat 2

Stevenage
Stevenage (/ˈstiːvənɪdʒ/ STEE-vən-ij) is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, about 28 miles (45 km) north of London. Stevenage is east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), between Letchworth Garden City to the north and Welwyn Garden City to the south. In 1946, Stevenage was designated the United Kingdom's first New Town under the New Towns Act. In 2021 it had a population of 94,456.
Jaime Orpis
Jaime Antonio Orpis Bouchón (born 16 September 1956) is a Chilean politician who served as Senator and Deputy for his country.

He served as a Senator for the 1st Senatorial District, representing the Tarapacá Region and the Arica and Parinacota Region, for two consecutive terms between 2002 and 2018. Previously, he was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies for District No. 25 in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, serving three consecutive terms from 1990 to 2002.

He also served as mayor of the Municipality of San Joaquín between 1987 and 1989.

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region (Spanish: Región Metropolitana de Santiago) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

With an area of 15,403.2 km2 (5,947 sq mi) and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region. It is also the most developed subdivision in all of South America with a very high HDI of 0.908.
Leonel Paulo
Leonel Ditutala Paulo (born 30 April 1986) is an Angolan basketball player who last played for Sangalhos DC and formerly for the Angola national team. Standing at 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m), he plays as power forward. Paulo is one of the most decorated players currently active, having won six Angolan League titles, including MVP honours in 2015.

He had his most successful stints with Petro de Luanda, where he was the club's captain and played a total of fourteen seasons, from 2004 to 2008 and 2012 to 2022. Since then, he has been a free agent. Paulo joined his first foreign club, Sangalhos DC in Portugal, signing a one-year contract in November 2022.

Paulo played for and captained Angola at various international competitions, including the team at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He also won two AfroBasket championships with his country, in 2009 and 2013.

AfroBasket 2013
AfroBasket 2013 was the 27th FIBA Africa Championship, played under the rules of FIBA, the world governing body for basketball, and the FIBA Africa thereof. The tournament was hosted by Ivory Coast from August 20 to 31, all games were played at the Palais des Sports de Treichville, Abidjan.

Angola defeated Egypt 57–40 in the final to win their eleventh title.

Considered one of the greatest sporting tournaments of all time, it solidified the Championship as one of the top competitions in world sport.
Garren Brook
The Garren Brook is a small river in Herefordshire, England which rises beneath the eastern slopes of Garway Hill. It flows east to the hamlet of Orcop where it turns south, taking a series of incised meanders past St Weonards before turning east again, then south past Llangarron, again in a series of incised meanders. Southeast of there it enters the right bank of the River Wye at Old Forge. Its largest tributary is the left bank stream known as The Gamber which enters it at Trehumfrey north of Llangarron, having originated on the north side of Orcop Hill. Other right bank tributaries include the Llantywaun and Llanerch brooks. It flows over a landscape formed in the mudstones and sandstones of the St Maughans and Brownstones formations of the Old Red Sandstone.

St Weonards
St Weonards (/ˈwɒnərdz/) is a village and civil parish in south Herefordshire, England, located approximately 8 miles west of Ross-on-Wye, approximately 10 miles south of the county town, Hereford, and approximately 8 miles north of Monmouth, on the A466 road.  Within the parish and also on the A466 is the hamlet of Sandyway.
Sirena-class submarine
The Sirena-class submarines were the second  sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) during the early 1930s. Of the dozen boats built of this class, only one survived World War II.

Coastal submarine
A coastal submarine or littoral submarine is a small, maneuverable submarine with a shallow draft well suited to navigating  coastal channels and harbors. Although size is not precisely defined, coastal submarines are larger than midget submarines, but smaller than sea-going submarines designed for longer patrols on the open ocean. Space limitations aboard coastal submarines restrict fuel availability for distant travel, food availability for extended patrol duration, and number of weapons carried. Within those limitations, however, coastal submarines may be able to reach areas inaccessible to larger submarines, and be more difficult to detect.
Lake Easton State Park
Lake Easton State Park is a 697-acre (282 ha) Washington public recreation area in Kittitas County. The state park sits in the eastern foothills of the Cascade Range and has 24,000 feet (7,300 m) of shoreline on Lake Easton. Park activities include picnicking, camping, hiking, mountain biking, boating, fishing, swimming, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, wildlife viewing, and horseshoes.

Kittitas County, Washington
Kittitas County (/ˈkɪtɪtæs/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. At the 2020 census, its population was 44,337. Its county seat and largest city is Ellensburg. The county was created in November 1883 when it was carved out of Yakima County. Kittitas County comprises the Ellensburg, Washington, Micropolitan Statistical Area.

There are numerous interpretations of the county's name, which is from the language of the Yakama Nation. According to one source, it "has been said to mean everything from 'white chalk' to 'shale rock' to 'shoal people' to 'land of plenty'". Most anthropologists and historians concede that each interpretation has some validity depending upon the particular dialect spoken.
File archiver
A file archiver is utility software that combines files into a single archive file – or in less common cases, multiple files. A relatively simple implementation might include the content of each file plus its name. A more advanced implementation stores additional metadata, such as the timestamps, file attributes and access control information. An archiver might compress input file content to reduce the size of the resulting archive.

In addition to creating an archive, the same utility may also support extracting the contained file content to recreate the original files.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
The Bunch of Flowers (Gauguin)
The Bunch of Flowers or Flowers of France (French: Le bouquet de fleurs [lə bukɛ d(ə) flœʁ]; Tahitian: Te tiare farani) is an oil on canvas painting by Paul Gauguin, from 1891. It is held in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow. It was one of the first in his series of Tahitian works.

Pushkin Museum
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Russian: Государственный музей изобразительных искусств имени А. С. Пушкина, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy muzey izobrazitel'nykh iskusstv imeni A. S. Pushkina, abbreviated as Russian: ГМИИ, GMII) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow. It is located in Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The International musical festival Sviatoslav Richter's December Nights has been held in the Pushkin Museum since 1981.