hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bibliography of the Holocaust
This is a selected bibliography and other resources for The Holocaust, including prominent primary sources, historical studies, notable survivor accounts and autobiographies, as well as other documentation that helps to establish the event horizon of the Nazi genocide.

The Holocaust literature is extensive: The Bibliography on Holocaust Literature (edited by Abraham Edelheit and Hershel Edelheit) in its 1993 update listed around 20,000 items, including books, journal articles, pamphlets, newspaper stories and dissertations. Documentation by organizations such as Yad Vashem (including précis of individual fates) enters into the millions.

Conversely, in a 1989 publication, Abraham Foxman, the national director of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) from 1987 to 2015, estimated that there were 200 books denying the Holocaust. The number of works devoted to the history of the Holocaust, and to the literature of denialism has grown since that time.

Edwin Black
Edwin Black (born February 27, 1950) is an American historian and author, as well as a syndicated columnist, investigative journalist, and weekly talk show host on The Edwin Black Show. He specializes in human rights, the historical interplay between economics and politics in the Middle East, petroleum policy, academic fraud, corporate criminality and abuse, and the financial underpinnings of Nazi Germany.
Maria Mattheussens-Fikkers
Maria Mattheussens-Fikkers is a retired field hockey player from the Netherlands. Together with the Dutch team she won a bronze and a gold medal at the 1976 and 1978 World Cups, respectively.

Her daughter, Marieke Veenhoven-Mattheussens (born 1984), also competed internationally in field hockey.

Netherlands women's national field hockey team
The Netherlands' national women's field hockey team is currently number one on the International Hockey Federation (FIH) world rankings and the reigning world champion. The Netherlands is the most successful team in World Cup history, having won the title a record nine times. The team has also won ten Olympic medals.
Agrotis gladiaria
Agrotis gladiaria, the swordsman dart or claybacked cutworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in south-eastern Canada from Nova Scotia to Ontario and in the United States from Maine to the panhandle of Florida, west to eastern Texas, eastern Kansas, eastern Nebraska, southern Wisconsin and Michigan.

The length of the forewings is 13–16 mm. Adults are on wing from September to October depending on the location.

The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including Medicago sativa, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rubus, Poa, Andropogon, Brassica oleracea, Trifolium, Zea mays, Solidago, Hordeum pusillum, Avena, Allium, Ipomoea batatas, Nicotiana and Solanum lycopersicum.

Andropogon
Andropogon (common names: beard grass, bluestem grass, broomsedge) is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, native to much of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, as well as Southern Europe and various oceanic islands.

Over 100 species have been described.
Samyavadi Sangstha
The Samyavadi Sangstha (Bengali: সাম্যবাদী সংস্থা, 'Communist Organization') was a political party in West Bengal, India. It was formed after a split in the West Bengal unit of the Revolutionary Socialist Party in 1950. Samyavadi Sangstha was led by Promode Sinha Roy and N. Samajpati. In 1954 the organization merged with two other groups, forming the United Marxist League (later renamed as the Communist League).

Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
The Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) is a communist party in India. The party was founded on 19 March 1940 by Tridib Chaudhuri and has its roots in the Bengali liberation movement Anushilan Samiti and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army.

The party got around 0.4% of the votes and three seats in the Lok Sabha elections in 1999 and 2004. It is part of the Left Front (West Bengal), Left Front (Tripura) and Congress-led United Democratic Front (Kerala).
École Nationale des Beaux Arts (Senegal)
École Nationale des Beaux Arts (ENBA; English: National School of Fine Arts) was a public art school, active from 1958 until 1995 in Dakar, Senegal (formerly known as the Mali Federation). In 1995, this school was merged to form the National School of Arts of Senegal. It was formerly known by the names Masion des Arts du Mali from 1958 to 1961; the École des Arts du Sénégal (EAS) from 1961 to 1971; the Institut National des Arts du Sénégal (INAS) from 1971 to 1977; and finally the École Nationale des Beaux Arts (ENBA) from 1977 until its close.

The earliest instructors at the school were Iba N'Diaye, and Papa Ibra Tall. Many students and teachers from the school were part of the Dakar School art movement in the 1960s and 1970s.

Art school
An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on practice and related theory in the visual arts and design. This includes fine art – especially illustration, painting, contemporary art, sculpture, and graphic design.   They may be independent or operate within a larger institution, such as a university. Some may be associated with an art museum.

Art schools may be organized to offer elementary, secondary, post-secondary, undergraduate, or graduate programs, and can also offer a broad-based range of programs (such as the liberal arts and sciences). In the West there have been six major periods of art school curricula, and each one has had its own hand in developing modern institutions worldwide throughout all levels of education. Art schools also teach a variety of non-academic skills to many students.
Eric Ghysels
Eric Ghysels (born 1956 in Brussels) is a Belgian economist with interest in finance and time series econometrics, and in particular the fields of financial econometrics and financial technology. He is the Edward M. Bernstein Distinguished Professor of Economics at the University of North Carolina and a Professor of Finance at the Kenan-Flagler Business School. He is also the Faculty Research Director of the Rethinc.Labs at the Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise.

Financial technology
Financial technology (abbreviated as fintech) refers to the application of innovative technologies to products and services in the financial industry. This broad term encompasses a wide array of technological advances in financial services, including mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications such as cryptocurrencies. Financial technology companies include both startups and established technology and financial firms that aim to improve, complement, or replace traditional financial services.
Iapichino
Iapichino is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dennis Iapichino (born 1990), Swiss footballer

Gianni Iapichino (born 1969), Italian athletics coach and former pole vaulter, long jumper and heptathlete

Larissa Iapichino (born 2002), Italian long jumper

Larissa Iapichino
Larissa Iapichino (Italian pronunciation: [laˈrissa japiˈkiːno]; born 18 July 2002) is an Italian long jumper who won silver medals at the 2023 European Indoor Championships and 2024 European Athletics Outdoor Championships and gold at the 2025 European Athletics Indoor Championships.
William Bruce Dickey
William Bruce Dickey (February 13, 1842 – November 2, 1902) was an American businessman and politician.

Dickey was born in Smithfield, Madison County, New York. He moved to Minnesota in 1859 and settled in Zumbrota, Goodhue County, Minnesota with his wife and family. Dickey was involved with the mercantile business. Dickey served in the 8th Minnesota Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and was commissioned a first lieutenant. Dickey served in the Minnesota Senate from 1899 until his death in 1902. He died in Thief River Falls, Minnesota.

Goodhue County, Minnesota
Goodhue County (/ˈɡʊdhjuː/ GUUD-hew) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,582. Its county seat is Red Wing. Nearly all of Prairie Island Indian Community is within the county.

Goodhue County comprises the Red Wing, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Combined Statistical Area.
Reconquest (Chile)
Spanish Reconquest or just Reconquest (Spanish: Reconquista) is the name of a period of Chilean history that started in 1814 with the royalist victory at the Battle of Rancagua and ended in 1817 with the patriot victory at the Battle of Chacabuco. During this period, the defenders of the Spanish Empire reestablished their dominion in Chile after said country had separated itself from the Spanish Crown, installed its First National Government Board in 1810—the first institution of self-government in Chile, created its First Congress National in 1811 and subsequently elected its first supreme director, Francisco de la Lastra, in 1814.

Authors such as the Chileans Julio Heise and Jaime Eyzaguirre prefer to call the period Absolutist Restoration, considering it merely the return to power of the royalists.

Battle of Rancagua
The Battle of Rancagua, also known in Chile as the Disaster of Rancagua, occurred on October 1, 1814, to October 2, 1814, when the Spanish Army under the command of Mariano Osorio defeated the Chilean forces led by Bernardo O’Higgins. This put an end to the Chilean Patria Vieja and it was the decisive step of the Spanish military Reconquest of Chile.
Lisa France (writer)
Lisa France (born May 15, 1967, in Quincy, Massachusetts) is a director and screenwriter known for directing Anne B. Real (2003) and writing Love and Suicide (2005). Her 2017 documentary, Roll with Me, won awards at the Virginia Film Festival, the Woodstock Film Festival, and the Milan International Film Festival, and was a special selection at the Slamdance Film Festival.

Slamdance Film Festival
The Slamdance Film Festival is an annual film festival focused on emerging artists. The annual week-long festival is held in Los Angeles, California in late February and is the main event organized by the year-round Slamdance organization. The organization also hosts a screenplay competition, workshops, screenings throughout the year, and events with an emphasis on independent films with budgets under $1 million. Its alumni include Sean Baker, Jon M. Chu, Rian Johnson, Ari Aster, The Russo Brothers, Bong Joon Ho, Lena Dunham, Matt Johnson, Steven Soderbergh and Christopher Nolan.
Missus dominicus
A missus dominicus (plural missi dominici), Latin for "envoy[s] of the lord [ruler]", also known in Dutch as Zendgraaf (German: Sendgraf), meaning "sent Graf", was an official commissioned by the Frankish king or Holy Roman Emperor to supervise the administration, mainly of justice, in parts of his dominions too remote for frequent personal visits. As such, the missus performed important intermediary functions between royal and local administrations. There are superficial points of comparison with the original Roman corrector, except that the missus was sent out on a regular basis. Four points made the missi effective as instruments of the centralized monarchy: the personal character of the missus, yearly change, isolation from local interests and the free choice of the king.

Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung
Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung is an Austrian academic journal established in 1880 by the Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung (Institute for Austrian historic research). Recent editors include Anton Scharer, Georg Scheibelreiter, and Andrea Sommerlechner.
Desmic system
In projective geometry, a desmic system (from Greek  δεσμός  'band, chain') is a set of three tetrahedra in 3-dimensional projective space, such that any two are desmic (related such that each edge of one cuts a pair of opposite edges of the other). It was introduced by Stephanos (1879).  The three tetrahedra of a desmic system are contained in a pencil of quartic surfaces.

Every line that passes through two vertices of two tetrahedra in the system also passes through a vertex of the third tetrahedron.
The 12 vertices of the desmic system and the 16 lines formed in this way are the points and lines of a Reye configuration.

Quartic surface
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry, a quartic surface is a surface defined by an equation of degree 4.

More specifically there are two closely related types of quartic surface: affine and projective.  An affine quartic surface is the solution set of an equation of the form

where f is a polynomial of degree 4, such as ⁠⁠.  This is a surface in affine space A3.

On the other hand, a projective quartic surface is a surface in projective space P3 of the same form, but now f is a homogeneous polynomial of 4 variables of degree 4, so for example ⁠⁠.

If the base field is ⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠ the surface is said to be real or complex respectively. One must be careful to distinguish between algebraic Riemann surfaces, which are in fact quartic curves over ⁠⁠, and quartic surfaces over ⁠⁠. For instance, the Klein quartic is a real surface given as a quartic curve over ⁠⁠. If on the other hand the base field is finite, then it is said to be an arithmetic quartic surface.
Self-Transcendence 24 Hour Race Ottawa
The Ottawa Self-Transcendence 24 Hour Race was part of a triple Ultramarathon race (6h, 12h, and 24h) in the National Capital Region Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Organized by the Sri Chinmoy Marathon Team the run took place in July. For many years, this race was held on an outdoor track at the Terry Fox Athletic Facility, and then indoors at the Louis Riel dome45°26′32″N 75°34′20″W﻿ / ﻿45.442100°N 75.572199°W﻿ / 45.442100; -75.572199, on a 400-metre track. Since 2017, the race was held outdoors at the Asticou Training Centrein Gatineau, Quebec (3 km from Ottawa). Runners from Canada and all over the world participated. It was the longest-running 24 hour race and oldest timed ultrarace worldwide. Runners from Canada and all over the world participate.

École secondaire publique Louis-Riel
École secondaire publique Louis-Riel (ESPLR) is a high school in the Blackburn Hamlet neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, part of the Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario (Eastern Ontario Public School Board). It opened in the fall of 1980, and the name Louis Riel was chosen by the students in 1981.

Phase 1 of the school's construction finished in 1980, accommodating 250 students from the Gloucester region in the east end of Ottawa. Phase 2 was completed in 1982 featuring the school gymnasiums, cafeteria, and science and tech labs.

In 2003, a new annex was added, to accommodate grade 7 and 8 students. The school had previously only accommodated students from grades 9 through 12. The school now serves 1,500 students ranging from grades 7 to 12.
Ozzie Canseco
Osvaldo "Ozzie" Canseco Capas (born July 2, 1964) is a Cuban-American former professional baseball player. He is the identical twin brother of former Major League Baseball player José Canseco.

He was manager for the Brownsville Charros of the United League before the league's dissolution. He was previously the pitching and hitting coach for the Yuma Scorpions of the independent North American League and the manager of the Edinburg Roadrunners.

Edinburg Roadrunners
The Edinburg Roadrunners were a professional baseball team based in Edinburg, Texas, in the United States. The Roadrunners were a member of the United League Baseball, an independent professional league which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball.  They played in United League Baseball from 2006 to 2010 and the North American League from 2011 to 2012. They played their home games at Edinburg Stadium. The city refused to extend a lease for the 2014 season and with nowhere to play the team shut down.
Lamprosticta culta
Lamprosticta culta is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from the Pyrenees to Ukraine and in Turkey.

The wingspan is 40–48 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July in one generation per year. Adults are attracted to flowers.

The larvae feed on the leaves of various trees and shrubs, including Prunus spinosa, Crataegus species and Fruit trees. Larvae are found from August to September.

Fruit tree
A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by animals and humans. All trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term "fruit tree" is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit), but would include "fruit" in a culinary sense, as well as some nut-bearing trees, such as walnuts.

The scientific study and the cultivation of fruits is called pomology, which divides fruits into groups based on plant morphology and anatomy. Some of those groups are pome fruits, which include apples and pears, and stone fruits, which include peaches/nectarines, almonds, apricots, plums and cherries.
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1873–1878
This is a list of members of the 7th Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1873 to 1878, as elected at the 1873 colonial elections held between 4 November 1873 and 4 December 1873 (due to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day).

Electoral district of Ipswich
Ipswich is a Legislative Assembly of Queensland electoral district on the Brisbane River, west of Brisbane in the Australian state of Queensland. The electorate includes Ipswich and its suburbs, south and east of the Bremer River, west of Bundamba Creek and north of the Cunningham Highway.
Michael F. Fahey
Michael F. Fahey III  is a retired United States Marine Corps major general who last served as the Commanding General of the 4th Marine Division from October 2020 to June 2022. Previously, he served as the Commander of the Marine Corps Forces South from August 2018 to September 2020.

United States Marine Corps Forces, South
The United States Marine Forces, South (abbreviated as MARFORSOUTH), headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana, is the Marine Corps service component of the United States Southern Command. The commander of MARFORSOUTH is in charge of all Marine units assigned to Southern Command, advises the commander of Southern Command on the usage of Marines, and oversees the planning and implementation of Marine deployments in the region. Their main tasks include assisting marine and naval infantry forces in Latin America, humanitarian relief, peacekeeping, and counter-terrorism.
A Different Man
A Different Man is a 2024 American psychological dark comedy film written and directed by Aaron Schimberg, starring Sebastian Stan, Renate Reinsve, and Adam Pearson. The film follows Edward, an actor with neurofibromatosis who undergoes an experimental procedure to change his face, only for his new life to make past insecurities and new issues apparent.

The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2024, and was screened at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival on February 16, where Stan won the Silver Bear for Best Leading Performance. It was theatrically released in the United States on September 20, 2024, by A24. It received positive reviews from critics, who mostly praised the performances of Stan and Pearson, as well as Schimberg's screenplay. The film earned a nomination for Best Makeup and Hairstyling at the 97th Academy Awards, while Stan won Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy at the 82nd Golden Globe Awards.

Psychological fiction
In literature, psychological fiction (also psychological realism) is a narrative genre that emphasizes interior characterization and motivation to explore the spiritual, emotional, and mental lives of its characters. The mode of narration examines the reasons for the behaviours of the character, which propel the plot and explain the story. Psychological realism is achieved with deep explorations and explanations of the mental states of the character's inner person, usually through narrative modes such as stream of consciousness and flashbacks.
Cirencester branch line
The Cirencester branch line was a five-mile-long single-track branch railway line in Gloucestershire, England that connected Cirencester to the main line at Kemble. It was opened by the Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway (C&GWUR) in 1841. The main line was extended from Kemble to a junction near Gloucester in 1845, by the Great Western Railway (GWR) which had taken over the C&GWUR. The branch supported a busy passenger and goods business, but these declined in the 1930s, and closure was threatened in the 1950s. To reduce costs and maintain the viability of the line, lightweight four-wheel diesel railbuses were introduced, and they proved popular. Nevertheless, the line's decline was inexorable, passenger service closed in 1964 and the goods service ending the following year.

The route crossed the River Thames near its source and formed the highest rail crossing point on the river.

Kemble, Gloucestershire
Kemble is a village in the civil parish of Kemble and Ewen, in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, England. Historically part of Wiltshire, it lies 4 miles (6.4 km) from Cirencester and is the settlement closest to Thames Head, the source of the River Thames. In 2020 it had an estimated population of 940. At the 2011 census the parish had a population of 1,036.
Önsbach
Önsbach is the second-largest district ("Stadtteil")  of the major district town ("Kreisstadt") of Achern in the north of Ortenaukreis, located in the Black Forest.

Önsbach is located in northern Ortenau, south of the town of Achern. A third of the village lies in the Rhine valley and two thirds, in the western foothills of the Black Forest. Önsbach is located along Bundesstraße 3 (B 3).

Bundesstraße 3
The Bundesstraße 3 (abbr. B3) is one of the longest federal highways in Germany. It begins in Buxtehude and continues through Bergen, Celle, Hanover, Alfeld, Einbeck, Göttingen, Kassel, Marburg, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Heidelberg, Karlsruhe and Freiburg in southwestern Germany and ends at Weil-Otterbach on the border with Switzerland. Between Darmstadt and Wiesloch it is referred to as Ferienstraße Bergstraße.
Idiyum Minnalum
Idiyum Minnalum is a 1982 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. G. Vishwambharan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Srividya, Ratheesh and Kuthiravattam Pappu in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Shyam.

P. G. Viswambharan
Plamthottathil Gangadharan Viswambharan  (1947 – 16 June 2010) was an Indian film director who worked in Malayalam cinema. Viswambharan directed  63 Malayalam films, in a career spanning close to four decades.
Ruy Pérez Ponce de León
Ruy Pérez Ponce de León or Rodrigo Pérez Ponce de León (b. ? - d. 1295)  was a Spanish noble of the House of Ponce de León, in the service of the Kingdom of Castile. He was the 15th Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava from 1284 to 1295 under King Sancho IV of Castile and  further served as Mayordomo Mayor del Rey from 1293 - 1295, also under Sancho IV.

House of Ponce de León
The House of Ponce de León was an important aristocratic family in León in Spain during the middle ages.

It arose from the marriage of Pedro Ponce de Cabrera and Aldonza Alfonso de León, illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso IX of Leon.

The house held several important titles in the peerage of Spain, including the dukedoms of Arcos, Aveyro, Cádiz and Nájera.