hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Video Rewind
Video Rewind is a compilation of video clips by English rock band the Rolling Stones, recorded between 1972–1984. Instead of presenting unrelated clips and videos strung together, it uses a framing story directed by Julien Temple, featuring Bill Wyman and Mick Jagger, and also includes some footage directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg. It was first released in 1984 on the VHS, Betamax, Laserdisc, and CED Videodisc formats by Vestron home video.

Vestron Video
Vestron Video was the main subsidiary of Vestron, Inc., a home video company based in Stamford, Connecticut, that was active from 1981 to 1993, and is considered to have been a pioneer in the home video market.

The name is now used for a collector-oriented home entertainment label of Lionsgate Studios.
Soap scum
Soap scum or lime soap is the white solid composed of calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and similar alkaline earth metal derivatives of fatty acids.  These materials result from the addition of soap and other anionic surfactants to hard water. Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions, which react with the surfactant anion to give these metallic or lime soaps.

2 C17H35COONa + Ca2+  →  (C17H35COO)2Ca + 2 Na+

In this reaction, the sodium cation in soap is replaced by calcium to form calcium stearate.

Lime soaps build deposits on fibres, washing machines, and sinks. Synthetic surfactants are less susceptible to the effects of hard water. Most detergents contain builders that prevent the formation of lime soaps.

Detergent
A detergent is a product for cleaning that contains surfactants plus other components. Detergents comprise surfactants as main functional components to remove hydrophobic grease or dirt by dispersing them in water. They often further comprise water (to facilitate application), builders (to soften water), enzymes (for breaking down proteins, fats, or starches), and dyes or fragrances (to improve the user's sensory experience).

Common surfactants used in detergents are alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble than soap in hard water, because the polar sulfonate is less likely than the polar carboxylate of soap to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water.
Coraciiformes
The Coraciiformes /kɒrəˈsaɪ.ɪfɔːrmiːz/ are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their base), though in many kingfishers one of these is missing.

In the past, Coraciiformes encompassed all anisodactyl (including syndactyl) members of the Cavitaves. This means that the birds currently classified in Leptosomiformes (cuckoo-roller) and Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoes and allies) were formerly classified in Coraciiformes.

This is largely an Old World order, with the representation in the New World limited to the dozen or so species of todies and motmots, and a mere handful of the more than a hundred species of kingfishers.

The name Coraciiformes means "raven-like". Specifically, it comes from the Latin language "corax", meaning "raven" and Latin "forma", meaning "form".

Cavitaves
Cavitaves is a clade that contains the order Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller) and the clade Eucavitaves (a large assemblage of birds that includes woodpeckers, kingfishers and trogons). This group was defined in the PhyloCode by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Leptosomus discolor and Picus viridis". The name refers to the fact that the majority of them nest in cavities.
Joseph Lynch (Irish politician)
Joseph Patrick Lynch (c. 1882 – January 1954) was an Irish politician. He was elected unopposed as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) to the 2nd Dáil at the 1921 elections for the Leix–Offaly constituency. He supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty and voted in favour of it. He stood as a pro-Treaty Sinn Féin candidate at the 1922 general election but was not elected.

Laois–Offaly
Laois–Offaly (formerly King's County–Queen's County, Leix–Offaly and Laoighis–Offaly) was a parliamentary constituency which was represented in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland), from 1921 to 2016 and again from 2020 to 2024. The constituency elected deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
CCRL1
C-C chemokine receptor type 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCRL1 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, and is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. This receptor has been shown to bind dendritic cell- and T cell-activated chemokines including CCL19/ELC, CCL21/SLC, and CCL25/TECK. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.

CCL25
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as TECK (Thymus-Expressed Chemokine).  CCL25 is believed to play a role in the development of T-cells. It is chemotactic for thymocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CCL25 elicits its effects by binding to the chemokine receptor CCR9.  Human CCL25 is produced as a protein precursor containing 151 amino acids.  The gene for CCL25 (scya25) is located on human chromosome 19.
Topher
Topher, and  less commonly Toph, are abbreviations of the name Christopher.

Notable people with the name include:

Topher Campbell, British director of film, television and theatre

Topher Grace (born 1978), American actor

Topher Payne (born 1979), American playwright and screenwriter

Topher Ricketts (1955–2010), Filipino martial artist, teacher, actor and author

Topher Payne
Topher Payne (born 1979) is an American playwright and screenwriter based in Atlanta, Georgia. Two of his plays premiered in 2015: Perfect Arrangement, which premiered Off-Broadway and was produced by Primary Stages, and Angry Fags, which was produced at Chicago's Steppenwolf Theatre. Perfect Arrangement was awarded the M. Elizabeth Osborn Award for best new play by an emerging playwright by the American Theatre Critics Association in 2014. Since 2016, he has scripted five original films for The Hallmark Channel, including My Summer Prince and the Gift to Remember series.
Thomas Rumbold
Sir Thomas Rumbold, 1st Baronet (15 January 1736 – 11 November 1791) was a British administrator in India and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1770 and 1790. He served as Governor of Madras from 1777 to 1780. He became infamous for his corruption and, for in effect stealing, the ring of the Nawab of Arcot. He brought home from India 1.5 million pagodas (a pagoda was worth eight shillings) or about £600,000 (at that time) and was a classic example of a nabob. Attempts were made to investigate the misdemeanour by Henry Dundas but the case did not make much headway.

House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the upper house of parliament, which is nominally superior. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".
Puerto Rico Commissioner of Safety and Public Protection
The Puerto Rico Commissioner of Safety and Public Protection (Spanish: Comisionado de Seguridad y Protección Pública) is the Cabinet-level officer of the executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico that leads the Commission on Safety and Public Protection and, as such, coordinates, manages, and oversees all the public safety agencies and related private organizations in Puerto Rico. The Commissioner is appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent from the Senate and can only be selected from those holding the position of Adjutant General, Fire Chief, Police Superintendent, or Director of the State Agency for Emergency and Disaster Management. The office was abolish with the creation of the Puerto Rico Department of Public Safety.

Puerto Rico Department of Public Safety
The Puerto Rico Department of Public Safety (PR DPS) (Spanish: Departamento de Seguridad Pública de Puerto Rico) is the umbrella organization within the  Executive branch of Puerto Rico that agglomerates the Puerto Rico Law Enforcement and Emergency Response agencies in the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
The department was formed on April 10, 2017, when then-Governor Ricardo Rosselló signed into law a bill to unify all safety agencies. All agencies are bureaus of the department.
Redemptoris Mater Chapel
The Redemptoris Mater Chapel (Latin for Mother of the Redeemer) formerly known as Matilde Chapel, is a Roman Catholic chapel located on the second floor of the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City. Located just outside the doors of the papal apartments, the chapel is notable for its various mosaics similar to early Byzantine religious artwork, and is reserved for the exclusive use of the Pope.

The cost of renovation for the chapel itself was a gift from the College of Cardinals to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Pope John Paul II's sacerdotal ordination in 1996.

The current Apostolic Preacher, Capuchin Friar Father Raniero Cantalamessa often presides over the homilies in the chapel, which was occasionally used by Pope Benedict XVI.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
Sulfonucleotide reductase
Sulfonucleotide reductases are a class of enzymes involved in reductive sulfur assimilation. This reaction consists of a conversion from activated sulfate to sulfite. (Inorganic sulfate occurs abundantly on Earth; terrestrial organisms must use sulfate assimilation to convert it to sulfide). The sulfite is used in essential biomolecules such as cysteine. The sulfonucleotide reductases are through to have all evolved from a common ancestor.

The enzymes reduce adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate by nucleophilic attack to produce the sulfite product. This typically involves a cofactor (such as an iron-sulphur cluster), however the cofactor varies in different families.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
Archibald Harrison
Archibald Harrison (May 27, 1834 – June 16, 1924) was a farmer and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Sunbury County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1870 to 1874 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Cambridge, New Brunswick, the son of Charles Harrison, who served in the province's Legislative Council. In 1862, Harrison married Amy Barker. He served as warden for Sunbury County and also was a member of the senate for the University of New Brunswick. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1868. In 1874, he was named to the Legislative Council. Harrison was named to the province's Executive Council in 1883 and was a member of that body until its dissolution in 1892.

His brother Charles also served in the provincial assembly. He died in 1924 in Maugerville.

Sunbury County, New Brunswick
Sunbury County (2021 population 27,864) is located in central New Brunswick, Canada. A large military base (CFB Gagetown) is located in the western part of the county south of the town of Oromocto. The county also hosts forestry and mixed farming. Burton is the county shire town.
Abolikro
Abolikro is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Languibonou, Botro Department, Gbêkê Region, Vallée du Bandama District.

Abolikro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Gbêkê
Gbêkê Region (also known as Wawlè Region) is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Vallée du Bandama District. The seat of the region is Bouaké and the region's population in the 2021 census was 1,352,900, making it the third-most populous region of Ivory Coast.

Gbêkê is currently divided into four departments: Béoumi, Botro, Bouaké, and Sakassou.
Broad Street Historic District (Bethel, Maine)
The Broad Street Historic District encompasses a significant portion of the historic center of Bethel, Maine.  Broad Street dates to the early days of Bethel's settlement in the early 19th century, and its town common was a gift from the first settler of the area.  As originally listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, the district included the common and a section of Broad Street between Main Street and Paradise Hill Road.  This was expanded in 1990 along Church Street to encompass historic homes and a portion of the Gould Academy campus.

Bethel, Maine
Bethel is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,504 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Bethel and West Bethel. The town is home to Gould Academy, a private preparatory school, and is near the Sunday River ski resort.
Ram Kondilkar
Ram Kondilkar is a Marathi publicist based in Mumbai, India. He specializes in plays, television, and feature film publicity. He has represented actors Girish Pandurang Kulkarni, Ashok Samarth, Anshuman Vichare, Milind Gawali, Ajinkya Deo, Directors Sanjay Surkar, Sumitra Bhave, Sunil Sukhtankar, Chandrakant Kulkarni, Gajendra Ahire, Rajiv Patil, Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni, Kedar Shinde, Aditya Sarpotdar, Jayprad Desai, Satish Manvar, Nikhil Mahajan, Kiran Yadnyopavit, Sachin Kundalkar, Shivaji Lotan Patil, and others. He has also represented musicians such as Pt. Jasraj, Ratan Mohan Sharma, Tripti Mukharjee, and Gaurav Bangia. He has publicized more than 125 films.

Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni
Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni is a Marathi film director. He is an alumnus of the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.  He is known for Marathi films such as Valu (The Wild Bull), Vihir (The Well), Deool (The Temple) and Highway.

He is known for short films such as Girni (Grinding Machine), Three of Us, Vilay, Gaarud and Darshan.

He received a National Film award for Best Debut Director for his short film Girni.

Deool (The Temple), his feature film, received a National Film Award for best film in the year 2011.
Vaal Triangle
26°44′00″S 27°52′00″E﻿ / ﻿26.7333°S 27.8667°E﻿ / -26.7333; 27.8667

The Vaal Triangle is a triangular area formed by Vereeniging, Vanderbijlpark and Sasolburg about 60 km south of Johannesburg, South Africa. The area forms a substantial urban complex. Meyerton, just north of Vereeniging, is also sometimes included in the complex, and residents of Sharpeville, Boipatong, Bophelong, the greater Sebokeng area (including Evaton), Three Rivers, Heidelberg and Deneysville also generally tend to consider themselves to live in the Vaal Triangle. The area straddles the Vaal River and is a major industrial region, which is home to former Iron and Steel Corporation Iscor, now ArcelorMittal South Africa, and Sasol, respectively the steel and petrochemical processing facilities.

Mittal Steel South Africa
ArcelorMittal South Africa is part of the steel company ArcelorMittal. The company was originally Iscor Ltd., a South African parastatal steel company.  It was founded in 1928 and was first listed on the JSE Securities Exchange in 1989.

In January 2025 it announced that it would be shutting down steel operations in Newcastle and Vereeniging.
Li Qin (actress)
Li Qin (Chinese: 李沁; born 27 September 1990) is a Chinese actress. Li is known for her roles in The Dream of Red Mansions (2010), White Deer Plain (2017), Princess Agents (2017), Joy of Life (2019), The Song of Glory (2020), The Wolf (2020), The Youth Memories (2023), War of Faith (2024), and Fated Hearts (2025).

The Youth Memories
The Youth Memories is a mainland Chinese TV series set in Beijing in the 1970s  that tells an inspirational story of a group of young people growing up, pursuing their dreams, and struggling. The protagonist and his good brothers experienced the college entrance examination, going into business, starting a business, going abroad, and entering politics. In the process of supporting each other, they found the meaning of struggle. The play was directed by Fu Ning, written by Xu Bing and Zhou Heyang, and starred by Xiao Zhan and Li Qin. The official cast was announced in February 2022, and filming was completed in June of the same year. It premiered on CCTV-8 prime time on June 1, 2023.
Williams Loop
39°54′36″N 120°48′29″W﻿ / ﻿39.91000°N 120.80806°W﻿ / 39.91000; -120.80806

The Williams Loop is a rail spiral on the Union Pacific Railroad's Feather River Route through the Sierra Nevada mountains in northeastern California, connecting the Sacramento Valley to Salt Lake City via the Feather River canyons. Located about five miles east of East Quincy, the loop is used to gain elevation on the eastward climb to its summit at Beckwourth Pass while maintaining the railroad's overall 1.0 percent (compensated) grade, the least steep of any grade on a transcontinental railroad. Built in 1914 by the Western Pacific Railroad, the loop and the nearby Spring Garden Tunnel help surmount the divide between the East Branch North Fork Feather River and the Middle Fork Feather River.

The Williams Loop is part of Plumas County's "7 Wonders of the Railroad World" and access is described in its travel guide.

Plumas County, California
Plumas County (/ˈpluːməs/ ⓘ) is a county located in the Sierra Nevada of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 19,790. The county seat is Quincy, and the only incorporated city is Portola. The largest community in the county is East Quincy. The county was named for the Spanish Río de las Plumas (the Feather River), which flows through it. It is also the namesake of a native moth species, Hadena plumasata.
Acoustic attenuation
In acoustics, acoustic attenuation is a measure of the energy loss of sound propagation through an acoustic transmission medium. Most media have viscosity and are therefore not ideal media. When sound propagates in such media, there is always thermal consumption of energy caused by viscosity. This effect can be quantified through the Stokes's law of sound attenuation. Sound attenuation may also be a result of heat conductivity in the media as has been shown by G. Kirchhoff in 1868. The Stokes-Kirchhoff attenuation formula takes into account both viscosity and thermal conductivity effects.

For heterogeneous media, besides media viscosity, acoustic scattering is another main reason for removal of acoustic energy. Acoustic attenuation in a lossy medium plays an important role in many scientific researches and engineering fields, such as medical ultrasonography, vibration and noise reduction.

Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image. A homogeneous feature is uniform in composition or character (i.e., color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc.); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities.
Descent of the Holy Spirit Church
Wooden Descent of the Holy Spirit Church was built in suburb of Potelych, Ukraine in 1502 on the place of a church that was burned down by Tatars. It is the oldest wooden church in Lviv Oblast. The church was visited by Bohdan Khmelnytsky.

The structure consists of three wooden naves and a brick sacristy.

On June 21, 2013, on the 37th Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Cambodia the Holy Trinity Church was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List among 16 wooden tserkvas of Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Benjamin Brandreth
Benjamin Brandreth (June 23, 1809 – February 18, 1880) was a British-American businessman. He was a 19th-century pioneer in the early use of mass advertising to build consumer awareness of his product, a purgative that allegedly cured many ills by purging toxins out of the blood.

Brandreth became a successful and wealthy businessman, bank president, and New York state senator.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
Vukojevac
Vukojevac is a village in the region of Turopolje south of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. It is situated on the eastern slopes of the Vukomeričke gorice hills and about halfway between Zagreb and Sisak adjacent to the road that connected the ancient Roman towns of Poetovio and Siscia. The village is divided into Gornji Vukojevac (Upper Vukojevac) with 75 residents and Donji Vukojevac (Lower Vukojevac) with 468 residents (2001). It is part of the Lekenik municipality of the Sisak-Moslavina County.

45°36′13″N 16°7′8″E﻿ / ﻿45.60361°N 16.11889°E﻿ / 45.60361; 16.11889

Ptuj
Ptuj (Slovene: [ˈptùːj] ⓘ; German: Pettau, pronounced [ˈpɛtaʊ̯] ⓘ; Latin: Poetovium/Poetovio) is the eighth-largest town of Slovenia, located in the traditional region of Styria (northeastern Slovenia). It is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj. Being the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, it has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman military fort, located at a strategically important crossing of the Drava River along a prehistoric trade route between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic.