hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Senecio barbertonicus
Senecio barbertonicus, the Barberton groundsel 
or succulent bush senecio, is an evergreen succulent shrub of the family Asteraceae and genus Senecio, native to Southern Africa, named after one of its native localities Barberton and is now also being cultivated elsewhere for its drought resistance, clusters of sweetly scented, golden-yellow, tufted flower heads in winter and attractiveness to butterflies, the painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) in particular.

Barberton, South Africa
Barberton is a town in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, which has its origin in the 1880s gold rush in the region. It is situated in the De Kaap Valley and is fringed by the Makhonjwa Mountains. It is 43 kilometres (27 mi) south of Mbombela and 360 kilometres (220 mi) east of Johannesburg.

Barberton was the seat of the Umjindi Local Municipality until the day of the 2016 Municipal Elections, when the Umjindi Local Municipality was merged into the Mbombela Local Municipality.
President's Colour Award
The President's Colour Award is the highest honour that can be bestowed upon any military unit of India. It is also known as Nishaan, which is an emblem that is worn by all unit officers on the left-hand sleeve of their uniform.

The presentation of the award or standards by the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of India (President of India) is an acknowledgement of the unit's meritorious service. While the practice of carrying the Colour into battle has stopped, the tradition of receiving, holding and parading the Colour continues even today in the Armed forces. To this day, the President's Colours is very significant, if the unit lose their colours, it is a disgrace for that unit and, if the unit captured the enemy's colours then it is a great honour for that unit.

The 'Standards' are awarded to Heavy Cavalry and the 'Guidons' are awarded to Light Cavalry.

Indian Army Armoured Corps
The Indian Army Armoured Corps is one of the combat arms of the Indian Army. Tracing its origins from the first regiment formed in 1776, the present corps was formed in 1947 from two-thirds of the personnel and assets of the British Indian Army's Indian Armoured Corps. It currently consists of 67 armoured regiments, including the President's Bodyguard.
Acanthaspis petax
Acanthaspis petax is a species of assassin bug that preys primarily on ants, but also on a variety of small insects, such as flies, small grasshoppers and beetles. The nymphs of this species create a pile of ant carcasses on their backs for camouflage. The adults do not use camouflage and are coloured with a red and black pattern.

This insect lives in East Africa near Lake Victoria, in countries including Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. It has also been seen in west Asian countries.

Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton (from Ancient Greek  έξω (éxō) 'outer' and  σκελετός (skeletós) 'skeleton') is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g. that of a human) which is enclosed underneath other soft tissues. Some large, hard and non-flexible protective exoskeletons are known as shell or armour.

Examples of exoskeletons in animals include the cuticle skeletons shared by arthropods (insects, chelicerates, myriapods and crustaceans) and tardigrades, as well as the skeletal cups formed by hardened secretion of stony corals, the test/tunic of sea squirts and sea urchins, and the prominent mollusc shell shared by snails, clams, tusk shells, chitons and nautilus. Some vertebrate animals, such as the turtle, have both an endoskeleton and a protective exoskeleton.
Põldeotsa
Põldeotsa is a village in Pärnu municipality, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia. It is located just southwest of Audru, on the coast of Pärnu Bay (part of the Gulf of Riga). The city of Pärnu is located 12 km east. Põldeotsa has a population of 178 (as of 1 January 2011). Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Audru Parish.

Pärnu County
Pärnu County (Estonian: Pärnu maakond or Pärnumaa; German: Kreis Pernau) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the southwestern part of the country, on the coast of the Gulf of Riga, and it borders Lääne and Rapla counties to the north, Järva and Viljandi counties to the east, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Pärnu County had a population of 85,705, constituting 6.4% of the total population of Estonia.

Pärnu County is the largest county of Estonia in terms of land area.
2018–19 Cayman Islands Premier League
The 2018–19 Cayman Islands Premier League season was the 40th edition of top tier Cayman Islands Premier League football competition in the Cayman Islands. The season began on 3 November 2018. The season ended on 17 March 2019. Many league games took place in front of dozens of spectators.

Scholars International successfully defended its 2018 title in the 2019 final for its 12th successive title.

Cayman Islands Premier League
The Cayman Islands League is the top football league in the Cayman Islands, created in 1980. Despite being a league competition in CONCACAF since 1992, no team participated in the CFU Club Championship until the 2010 CFU Club Championship, where Elite SC entered.
Meunière sauce
Meunière (UK: /ˌmɜːniˈɛər/, US: /ˌmʌn-/, French: [mønjɛʁ] ⓘ; lit. 'miller's wife') is both a French sauce and a method of preparation, primarily for fish, consisting of brown butter, chopped parsley, and lemon. The name suggests a simple rustic nature, i.e. that to cook something à la meunière was originally to cook it by first dredging it in flour.

Lemon
The lemon (Citrus × limon) is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some evidence suggests lemons originated during the 1st millennium BC in what is now northeastern India. Some other citrus fruits are called lemon.

The yellow fruit of the lemon tree is used throughout the world, primarily for its juice. The pulp and rind are used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5–6% citric acid, giving it a sour taste. This makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.

In 2024, world production was 23 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico with 31% of the total.
Patriarch Zoilus of Alexandria
Zoilus served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria between 541 and 551.

Zacharias Rhetor reports on how Patriarch Paul of Alexandria was involved in a murder. He was consequently deposed and replaced by Zoilus (in 539/540). Acacius was the military officer tasked to protect Zoilus from the hostile population of Alexandria. Zacharia details: "Ephraim of Antioch was sent to Alexandria, and Abraham Bar Khili [accompanied him]; and, as they passed through Palestine, they took with them a monk named Zoilus. And they went to Alex[andria and] investigated the action of Paul;and they drove him from his see and enthroned Zoilus, a Synodite, in the city: and in order to protect this man from the violence [of] the people of the city, they appointed Acacius Bar Eshkhofo of Amida tribune of the Romans there."

Amida (Mesopotamia)
37°58′55″N 40°12′38″E﻿ / ﻿37.98194°N 40.21056°E﻿ / 37.98194; 40.21056

Amida (Greek: Ἄμιδα, Syriac: ܐܡܝܕ, Kurdish: Amed) was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia located where modern Diyarbakır, Turkey now stands.

The city was located on the right bank of the Tigris. The walls are lofty and substantial, and constructed of the recycled stones from older buildings.
Paxton, Scottish Borders
Paxton is a small village near the B6461 and the B6460, in the pre-1975 ancient county of Berwickshire, now an administrative area of the Borders region of Scotland. It lies one mile west of the border with Northumberland. It is a traditional, country village surrounded by farmland, and its closest market towns are Duns and Berwick-upon-Tweed.

Paxton is beside the River Tweed which is the border at that point and on Whiteadder Water. Paxton is also the location of Paxton House.

Linking Scotland and England, the nearby Union Chain Bridge, opened in 1820, was the longest wrought iron suspension bridge in the world. It was also the first of its kind in Britain.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Für kommende Zeiten
Für kommende Zeiten (For Times to Come) is a collection of seventeen text compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen, composed between August 1968 and July 1970. It is a successor to the similar collection titled Aus den sieben Tagen, written in 1968. These compositions are characterized as "Intuitive music"—music produced primarily from the intuition rather than the intellect of the performer(s). It is work number 33 in Stockhausen's catalog of works, and the collection is dedicated to the composer's son Markus.

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Hao Yichun
Hao Yichun (Chinese: 郝诒纯; 1920–2001) was a Chinese paleontologist and a member of the Chinese Communist Party. She is known as a pioneer in bringing paleontology to China, co-authoring the first Chinese textbooks in paleontology and micropaleontology. She made significant contributions to stratigraphy, petroleum exploration, and palaeoceanography.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Waverley Falcons
Waverley Falcons is a NBL1 South club based in Melbourne, Victoria. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 South. The club is a division of Waverley Basketball Association (WBA), the major administrative basketball organisation in the City of Monash. The Falcons play their home games at Waverley Basketball Centre.

City of Monash
The City of Monash is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Established in 1994, it covers an area of 81.5 square kilometres (31.5 sq mi), and had an estimated population of 209,268 people in 2024. The council's offices are located in the suburb of Glen Waverley.
Chronology of the Crusades after 1400
The chronology of the Crusades after 1400 provides a detailed timeline of the Crusades and considers the Crusades of the 15th century. This continues the chronology of the later Crusades through 1400. In the Middle East, the threats to the Christian West were from the Mamluks, the Timurids and the Ottomans. The latter would also threaten Eastern Europe and would emerge as the primary Islamic dynasty opposing the West. The Byzantine Empire would no longer exist, but the Reconquista was working well and would be resolved by the end of the 15th century. The works of Norman Housley, in particular, describe the Crusading movement in this timeframe, the impact of the fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the manifestation of Crusading propaganda.

Bayezid II
Bayezid II (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد ثانى, romanized: Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Bayezid; 3 December 1447/1448 – 26 May 1512) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, Bayezid consolidated the Ottoman Empire, thwarted a pro-Safavid rebellion and finally abdicated his throne to his son, Selim I. Bayezid evacuated Sephardi Jews from Spain following the fall of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and the proclamation of the Alhambra Decree and resettled them throughout Ottoman lands, especially in Salonica.
Peak envelope power
Peak envelope power (PEP) is the average power over a single radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation. PEP is normally considered the power output at the occasional or continuously repeating crest of the modulation envelope under normal operating conditions. Many regulatory authorities use PEP to set maximum power standards for radio transmitters.

Frequency-shift keying
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the frequency of the carrier between several discrete frequencies.  The technology is used for communication systems such as telemetry, weather balloon radiosondes, caller ID, garage door openers,  and low frequency radio transmission in the VLF and ELF bands.  The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK, which is also commonly referred to as 2FSK or 2-FSK), in which the carrier is shifted between two discrete frequencies to transmit binary (0s and 1s) information.
Newton Bushell Turnpike Trust
The Newton Bushell Turnpike Trust was a turnpike trust company in Devon which built and maintained trunk road connections from the West of Newton Bushell (now Newton Abbot between 1760 and November 1872. The trust built several roads, including what is now the A382 from Newton to Whiddon Down and the A383 to Ashburton.

Ashburton, Devon
Ashburton is a town on the south-southeastern edge of Dartmoor in Devon, England, adjacent to the A38. The town is 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Plymouth and 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Exeter.

It was formerly important as a stannary town (a centre for the administration of tin mining), and remains the largest town within the national park. Ashburton has two pubs within the centre of town and six restaurants/cafés. The town is also part of the electoral ward named Ashburton and Buckfastleigh, the population of which at the 2011 census was 7,718.
Momo Kyun Sword
Momo Kyun Sword (モモキュンソード, Momo Kyun Sōdo) is a Japanese light novel series by Kibidango Project, based on the Japanese folklore hero Momotarō. The light novel began serialization for free online in 2012. It features multiple illustrators who are rotated on a monthly basis. A "second season" of the light novel began serialization in 2013. A 4-panel manga series is also serialized online for free. An anime television series adaptation by Project No.9 and Tri-Slash aired between July and September 2014.

Yonkoma
Yonkoma manga (4コマ漫画; "four cell manga" or 4-koma for short) is a comic strip format that generally consists of gag comic strips within four panels of equal size, following a structure known as kishōtenketsu.
Xerolirion
Xerolirion is a monotypic genus of perennial herbs in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Lomandroideae. The only known species is Xerolirion divaricata, commonly known as Basil's asparagus, from Western Australia .

Both genus and species were first described by Alex George in 1986.

Alex George (botanist)
Alexander Segger George AM (born 4 April 1939) is an Australian botanist. He is an authority on the plant genera Banksia and Dryandra. The "bizarre" Restionaceae genus Alexgeorgea was named in his honour in 1976.
Distributed Sender Blackhole List
The Distributed Sender Blackhole List was a Domain Name System-based Blackhole List that listed IP addresses of insecure e-mail hosts. DSBL could be used by server administrators to tag or block e-mail messages that came from insecure servers, which is often spam.

The DSBL published its lists as domain name system (DNS) zones that could be queried by anyone on the Internet.

DSBL is a dead RBL as of May 2008. Its administrators continued to run their authoritative nameservers for several months after their decommissioning announcement; as of March 9, 2009, even those servers are offline. At this point, using any *.dsbl.org lookups in an RBL check results in DNS failures and can even prevent an SMTP server from starting a conversation.

Network administrator
A network administrator is a person designated in an organization whose responsibility includes maintaining computer infrastructures with emphasis on local area networks (LANs) up to wide area networks (WANs). Responsibilities may vary between organizations, but installing new hardware, on-site servers, enforcing licensing agreements, software-network interactions as well as network integrity and resilience are some of the key areas of focus.
The Nest (British TV series)
The Nest is a British television drama series starring Sophie Rundle and Martin Compston as a married couple unable to conceive with Mirren Mack as the 18-year-old who offers to be their surrogate mother. Broadcasting began on 22 March 2020.

Fertility
Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime. In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. In general, infertility or subfertility in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The antithesis of fertility is infertility, while the antithesis of fecundity is sterility.
Rajindraparsad Seechurn
Rajindraparsad Seechurn (born 3 June 1970) is a Mauritian football referee. He started his career in 1996 and reached the first grade for referees in 2001. He is an international referee and has taken charge of matches for the African Federation since 2004. He refereed at the 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2015 Africa Cup of Nations.

Mauritians
Mauritians (singular Mauritian; French: Mauricien; Creole: Morisien) are nationals or natives of the Republic of Mauritius and their descendants. Mauritius is a melting pot of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious peoples. Mauritian is made up of blended groups of people who come mainly from South Asian (notably Indian), African (Mozambique, Madagascar and Zanzibar), European (White/European Mauritians), and Chinese descent, as well as those of a mixed background from any combination of the aforementioned ethnic groups. Creol-Mauritian is the blending of the different cultures; this is why it is complex to define Creol-Mauritian.
Eustace La Trobe Leatham
Vice-Admiral Eustace La Trobe Leatham, CB (3 August 1870 – 1 September 1935) was a Royal Navy officer.

At the Battle of Jutland in 1916, Leatham commanded HMS Cochrane in the 2nd Cruiser Squadron.

He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1916.

He command the Britannia Royal Naval College from 1919 until 1921.

HMS Cochrane (1905)
HMS Cochrane was a Warrior-class armoured cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She served in the 2nd Cruiser Squadron during the First World War under Rear-Admiral Herbert Heath, and commanded by Capt. Bill Goodenough, taking part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916. She was based in Murmansk in mid-1918 during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. She became stranded in the River Mersey on 14 November 1918 and broke in two. The wreck was broken up in place by June 1919.
2022 Torneo de Promoción y Reservas
The Torneo de Promoción y Reservas was a football tournament in Peru. There are currently 32 clubs in the league. Each team will have a roster of twelve 21-year-old players, three 19-year-olds, and three older reinforcements; whenever they be recorded in the club. The tournament will offer the champion two bonus points and the runner-up one bonus point to the respective regular teams in the 2022 Liga 1 or 2022 Liga 2.

Torneo de Promoción y Reservas (Peru)
The Torneo de Promoción y Reservas was a youth football league in Peru for the Peruvian football teams in the Liga 1. The league made its debut in 2010.

The league covers has certain rules involving under age players and benefits for the senior teams. Each team must have at least three players that are at the most 19 years old. The rest of the team can be made up of players that are at the most 21 years old; however, each team has the option to have up to three players that are over the age of 21. The winning reserve team awards their senior club 2 points while the runners-up awards its senior team 1 point.
Playing in the Shadows
Playing in the Shadows is the third studio album by British rapper Example, released on 4 September 2011 through Ministry of Sound. Example confirmed that much like the previous album, there would be no collaborations, besides that of producers (including frequent collaborator Skream). During an interview, Example said the album remains dance oriented, although he would make a gradual move into electronic and dubstep genres.

The album's release was preceded by two singles, "Changed the Way You Kiss Me" and "Stay Awake", which both peaked atop of the UK Singles Chart. A third single, Laidback Luke collaboration "Natural Disaster", has been released on 16 October. A fourth single, "Midnight Run" was released on 4 December.

Jon Gooch
Jonathan Barry Gooch (born 22 August 1984 in Hertfordshire, England), more commonly known by his stage names Feed Me, Spor and seventh stitch, is a British drum and bass, dubstep and electro house producer and DJ. He is currently managed by Three Six Zero Group.
2007 Bremen state election
The 2007 Bremen state election was held on 13 May 2007 to elect the members of the Bürgerschaft of Bremen, as well as the city councils of Bremen and Bremerhaven. The incumbent government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Christian Democratic Union (CDU) retained its majority with losses. However, the SPD chose to form a new government with The Greens. Jens Böhrnsen was re-elected as Mayor.

This was the first election contested by The Left after the merger of the PDS and WASG. The new party achieved 8.4% of the vote, up from 1.7% for PDS in 2003, marking its first major success in a western state.

Jens Böhrnsen
Jens Böhrnsen (born 12 June 1949) is a German politician of the SPD who served as President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen from 2005 to 2015. From 1 November 2009 until 31 October 2010 he was President of the Bundesrat. As such, he was acting head of state of Germany from the resignation of President Horst Köhler on 31 May 2010 until the election of Christian Wulff on 30 June 2010. Böhrnsen resigned in 2015 after his party sustained losses in state parliament election.

Böhrnsen is a lawyer by profession and served as a judge in Bremen from 1978 to 1995, when he became a full-time politician.