hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Baldwin Academy
The Joseph Baldwin Academy, or JBA, is a summer program of two three-week sessions for gifted students going into grades 8-10. Founded in 1985, it is intended to provide opportunities for social growth as the students explore college life and take university-level courses. JBA reached its 40th anniversary after the recent 2025 sessions. Located in Kirksville, Missouri, the academy is run by Truman State University students, faculty, and alumni.

Alumni
Alumni (sg.: alumnus (MASC) or alumna (FEM)) are former students or graduates of a school, college, or university. The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women, and alums (sg.: alum) or alumns (sg.: alumn) as gender-neutral alternatives. The word comes from Latin, meaning nurslings, pupils or foster children, derived from alere "to nourish".

Alumni may or may not have completed their degree. For example, Burt Reynolds was an alumnus of Florida State University but not a graduate.

Alumni can also be former inmates, former employees, former contributors, or former members of an organization.
Dawsonia superba
Dawsonia superba is a moss in the family Polytrichaceae that is found in Australia, New Guinea, Malaysia, and New Zealand. D. superba is the tallest self-supporting moss in the world, reaching heights of 60 cm (24 in). It has analogous structures to those in vascular plants that support large size, including hydroid and leptoid cells to conduct water and photosynthate, and lamellae that provide gas chambers for more efficient photosynthesis. D. superba is a member of the class Polytrichopsida, although it has a sporophyte that is unique from other hair-cap mosses.

There is some confusion surrounding if Dawsonia superba and Dawsonia longifolia are distinct species or refer to the same moss. According to some sources, Dawsonia longifolia and Dawsonia superba have been merged. For a long time, both D. longifolia and D. superba were used to refer to the same species, with some regional variation in its use. Both terms are still used.

Hydroid (botany)
A hydroid is a type of vascular cell that occurs in certain bryophytes. In some mosses such as members of the Polytrichaceae family, hydroids form the innermost layer of cells in the stem. At maturity they are long, colourless, thin walled cells of small diameter, containing water but no living protoplasm. Collectively, hydroids function as a conducting tissue, known as the hydrome, transporting water and minerals drawn from the soil. They are surrounded by bundles of living cells known as leptoids which carry sugars and other nutrients in solution. The hydroids are analogous to the tracheids of vascular plants but there is no lignin present in the cell walls to provide structural support.

Hydroids have been found in some fossilised plants from the Rhynie chert, including Aglaophyton, where they were initially mistaken for xylem tracheids.
Nils Köpp
Nils Köpp is a German former figure skater who represented East Germany. He is the 1983 World Junior bronze medalist. After moving up to the senior level, he won bronze at the 1985 Golden Spin of Zagreb, silver at the 1986 Karl Schäfer Memorial, and five medals at the East German Championships (four silver and one bronze).

Köpp competed at two European Championships, placing 12th in 1985 and 13th in 1986. He belonged to SC Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz).

1983 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 1983 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held on December 14–19, 1982 in Sarajevo, SFR Yugoslavia. Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Gethin Jones
Gethin Clifford Jones (born 12 February 1978) is a Welsh television presenter. He was an active rugby union player while at Manchester Metropolitan University and, after graduation, he began his television career on Welsh language channel S4C as a presenter of children's programmes such as Popty, Mas Draw and the flagship children's entertainment show Uned 5 (Unit 5, 2002–2005).

In 2005, Jones became the 31st presenter of BBC children's programme Blue Peter. In 2020, he began presenting the BBC1 five-mornings-a-week magazine show Morning Live, broadcast from studios in Manchester. After a trial run ending in December 2020, the success of the programme has seen it commissioned as an all-year-round part of the BBC1 schedule.

Daybreak (2010 TV programme)
Daybreak was a British breakfast television programme that was broadcast on ITV from 6 September 2010 to 25 April 2014. Daybreak replaced GMTV, which aired its last weekday edition on 3 September 2010. Daybreak launched three days later.

In March 2014, ITV announced that the show would end later in 2014 to be replaced by the launch of Good Morning Britain on 28 April 2014.
Frontenac State Park
Frontenac State Park is a state park of Minnesota, United States, on the Mississippi River 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Red Wing.  The park is notable both for its history and for its birdwatching opportunities.  The centerpiece of the park is a 430-foot-high (130 m), 3-mile-long (4.8 km) steep limestone bluff overlooking Lake Pepin, a natural widening of the Mississippi.  The bluff is variously called Garrard's Bluff or Point No-Point, the latter name coming from riverboat captains because of the optical illusion that it protruded into the Mississippi River.  There is a natural limestone arch on the blufftop called In-Yan-Teopa, a Dakota name meaning "Rock With Opening".  Park lands entirely surround the town of Frontenac, once a high-class resort at the end of the 19th century.

Red Wing, Minnesota
Red Wing is a city in and the county seat of Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, along the upper Mississippi River. The population was 16,547 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

The federal government established a Mdewakanton Sioux Indian reservation—now Prairie Island Indian Community—in 1936 along the Mississippi River. The city of Red Wing developed around it.

The National Trust for Historic Preservation placed Red Wing on its 2008 distinctive destinations list because of its "impressive architecture and enviable natural environment".
Kendall's notation
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, Kendall's notation (or sometimes Kendall notation) is the standard system used to describe and classify a queueing node. D. G. Kendall proposed describing queueing models using three factors written A/S/c in 1953 where A denotes the time between arrivals to the queue, S the service time distribution and c the number of service channels open at the node. It has since been extended to A/S/c/K/N/D where K is the capacity of the queue, N is the size of the population of jobs to be served, and D is the queueing discipline.

When the final three parameters are not specified (e.g. M/M/1 queue), it is assumed K = ∞, N = ∞ and D = FIFO.

FIFO (computing and electronics)
In computing and in systems theory, first in, first out (the first in is the first out), acronymized as FIFO, is a method for organizing the manipulation of a data structure (often, specifically a data buffer) where the oldest (first) entry, or "head" of the queue, is processed first.

Such processing is analogous to servicing people in a queue area on a first-come, first-served (FCFS) basis, i.e. in the same sequence in which they arrive at the queue's tail.

FCFS is also the jargon term for the FIFO operating system scheduling algorithm, which gives every process central processing unit (CPU) time in the order in which it is demanded. FIFO's opposite is LIFO, last-in-first-out, where the youngest entry or "top of the stack" is processed first. A priority queue is neither FIFO or LIFO but may adopt similar behaviour temporarily or by default. Queueing theory encompasses these methods for processing data structures, as well as interactions between strict-FIFO queues.
Bullewijk
Bullewijk is a neighborhood and business park in the quarter of Amsterdam-Zuidoost (Amsterdam-Southeast), Netherlands. The neighborhood received its name in 1978 and was named after the nearby river of the same name. It was created due to a partial elevation of the Bullewijker and Holendrecht polder.

Quarter (urban subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria (Bulgarian: квартал, romanized: kvartal), Croatia (četvrt), France (Quartier), Georgia (კვარტალი, k'vart'ali),  Italy (Quartiere), Romania (Cartier), and Serbia (четврт / četvrt). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Portugal/Brazil (bairro), Spain (barrio); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia (សង្កាត់ sangkat), Germany (Stadtteil), and Poland (dzielnica)).

Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters.
Christopher Lew (cinematographer)
Christopher Lew is a Canadian cinematographer. He is most noted for his work on the 2022 film Riceboy Sleeps, for which he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Cinematography at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.

His other credits have included the films Tito, White Lie, The Archivists and Quickening.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography
The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Achievement in Cinematography, to honour the best Canadian film cinematography.

The award was first presented in 1963 as part of the Canadian Film Awards, with separate categories for colour and black-and-white cinematography; the separate categories were discontinued after 1969, with only a single category presented through the 1970s. After 1978, the award was presented as part of the new Genie Awards; since 2012, it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards. In early years, the award could be presented for either narrative feature or documentary films, although this was discontinued later on and only feature films were eligible. Beginning with the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards, a separate category was introduced for Best Cinematography in a Documentary.
Thomas J. Falk
Thomas J. Falk (born 1958) is an American businessman. He was Chief Executive Officer of consumer product products giant Kimberly-Clark Corporation from 2002 until 2018 and remained as Executive Chairman until his retirement at the end of 2019.

Kimberly-Clark
Kimberly-Clark Corporation is an American multinational consumer goods and personal care corporation that produces mostly paper-based consumer products. The company manufactures sanitary paper products and surgical & medical instruments. Kimberly-Clark brand name products include Kleenex facial tissue, Kotex feminine hygiene products, Cottonelle, Scott and Andrex toilet paper, Wypall utility wipes, KimWipes scientific cleaning wipes and Huggies disposable diapers and baby wipes.

Founded in Neenah, Wisconsin, in 1872 and based in the Las Colinas section of Irving, Texas, since 1985, the company operated its own paper mills around the world for decades, but closed the last of those in 2012. With recent annual revenues topping $18 billion per year, Kimberly-Clark is regularly listed among the Fortune 500. As of March 2020, the company had approximately 40,000 employees.
Joanni Perronet
Joanni Maurice Perronet (19 October 1877 – 1 April 1950) was a French painter and fencer.

He was son of music composer Joanni Perronnet and Blanche Guérard, as well as  grandson of the playwright and lyricist Amélie Perronnet.

He was a fencing master, the only professional allowed to compete in the Olympic Games at the time. Two such masters, Perronet and Leonidas Pyrgos of Greece, competed in a special foil fencing event at the first modern Olympics. The two faced each other in an event that consisted of a single bout to three touches. Perronet lost the bout, 3-1. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, winning a silver medal.

He had close links to Sarah Bernhardt, she was his godmother. In 1908, he became secretary-general of the Sarah-Bernhardt Théâtre Sarah-Bernhardt.

He is known as a painter, most of his paintings are seascapes. He also designed many posters for French railway companies and painted several portraits of Sarah Bernhardt.

Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt (French: [saʁa bɛʁnɑʁt]; born Henriette-Rosine Bernard; 22 October 1844 – 26 March 1923) was a French stage actress who starred in some of the most popular French plays of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including La Dame aux Camélias by Alexandre Dumas fils, Ruy Blas by Victor Hugo, Fédora and La Tosca by Victorien Sardou, and L'Aiglon by Edmond Rostand. She played female and male roles, including Shakespeare's Hamlet. Rostand called her "the queen of the pose and the princess of the gesture", and Hugo praised her "golden voice". She made several theatrical tours worldwide and was one of the early prominent actresses to make sound recordings and act in motion pictures. She was also an accomplished visual artist, as a painter and particularly as a sculptor.

She is also linked with the success of artist Alphonse Mucha, whose work she helped to publicize. Mucha became one of the more sought-after artists of this period for his Art Nouveau style.
Sendai Seiyo Gakuin Junior College
Sendai Seiyo Gakuin Junior College (仙台青葉学院短期大学, Sendai Seiyo Gakuin Tanki Daigaku) is a junior college in Sendai Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, chartered in 2009. The school has three locations:

Itsutsubashi campus, Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai

Nagamichi campus, Taihaku-ku, Sendai

Central campus, Aoba-ku, Sendai

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
1926 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1926 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 38th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Nils entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 1 August 1926, Macroom won the championship following a 1–01 to 0–02 defeat of University College Cork in the final. This was their fifth championship title overall and their first title since 1913.

UCC GAA
UCC is a football and hurling club associated with University College Cork. UCC teams play in the Cork Senior Football Championship and Cork Senior Hurling Championship as well as the two main third-level competitions namely the Sigerson Cup in football, the Fitzgibbon Cup in hurling and the Ashbourne Cup in camogie.  They also competed against inter-county sides in the pre-season McGrath Cup (football) and Waterford Crystal Cup (hurling). The piratical skull and crossbones logo on the team shirt, which first appeared on the rugby team of what was then known as Queen’s College Cork (composed mostly of medical students, hence the bones) was appropriated in the mid-1910s by the GAA clubs, and in 1929 by the UCC hockey club.
Jacques Lipchitz
Jacques Lipchitz (22 August [O.S. 10 August] 1891 – 26 May 1973) was a Lithuanian-born French-American Cubist sculptor. Lipchitz retained highly figurative and legible components in his work leading up to 1915–16, after which naturalist and descriptive elements were muted, dominated by a synthetic style of Crystal Cubism. In 1920 Lipchitz held his first solo exhibition, at Léonce Rosenberg's Galerie L'Effort Moderne in Paris where he was counted as part of the School of Paris. Fleeing the Nazis he moved to the US and settled in New York City and eventually Hastings-on-Hudson. While in the US, he created a number of his best-known works, including the outdoor sculptures The Song of the Vowels, Birth of the Muses, and Bellerophon Taming Pegasus, the last of which was completed after his death.

Solo exhibition
A solo show or solo exhibition is an exhibition of the work of only one artist. Rather than a group of artists who collaborate to form an exhibition. The artwork may be paintings, drawings, etchings, collage, sculpture, or photography. The creator of any artistic technique may be the subject of a solo show. Other skills and crafts have similar types of shows for the creators. Having solo shows of one's artwork marks the achievement of success and usually is accompanied by receptions and a great deal of publicity. The show may be of current work being produced, those from a single time period, or representative work from different periods in the career of the artist, the latter is termed a retrospective.
Safonovo, Murmansk Oblast
Safonovo (Russian: Сафоново) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the closed-administrative territorial formation of Severomorsk in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula on the Kola Bay, 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) west of Severomorsk proper. Population:  5,255 (2010 Census); 4,853 (2002 Census); 7,661 (1989 Soviet census).

Kola Bay
Kola Bay (Russian: Кольский залив) or Murmansk Fjord is a 57-km-long fjord of the Barents Sea that cuts into the northern part of the Kola Peninsula. It is up to 7 km wide and has a depth of 200 to 300 metres. The Tuloma,: 1360  Rosta and Kola Rivers discharge into the bay.

The eastern shore is craggy and precipitous, the western one is comparatively level. The ports of Murmansk and Severomorsk sit on the east side. Polyarny, the main base of Russia's Northern Fleet, is on the west side of the bay.

Semidiurnal tides in the Murmansk Fjord are as high as 4 metres. In winter, the southern part of the bay may be covered in ice, though it is usually not thick enough to impede navigation, and Murmansk has traditionally been Russia's northernmost ice-free port.: 1360 : 6–7  The Kola Bay Bridge spans the Kola Bay near its southern end.
Raines, Tennessee
Raines was a suburb on the southern boundary of Memphis, Tennessee. It was located between West Junction, Oakville, and on the north of Whitehaven. In 1950 it had a population of 300.

At some point in 1958, it was incorporated into the City of Memphis.

One-man-band Joe Hill Louis was born here.

Oakville, Tennessee
Oakville was a community in Tennessee located just east of the current site of the Memphis International Airport.  It was centered along the Route of US 78 (Lamar Avenue) just a little northeast of the intersection with Getwell Road.

In 1950, it had a population of 2,000.  In 1958, Nonconnah Creek just to the north of Oakville, came very close to being the southern boundary of Memphis.  Oakville was located along the SLSF railway, about five miles northeast of the Capleville community.

Oakville has since been annexed by Memphis as part of that city's expansion.
William C. Gloth
William Conrad Gloth (August 7, 1886 – December 3, 1944) was an American football player and coach. Gloth was a center on Virginia Cavaliers football teams of the University of Virginia, noted for his ability to beat the ends downfield on a punt.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Aeneas Gallant
Pius Aeneas Gallant (February 1, 1882 – November 10, 1971) was a farmer, merchant and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1932 to 1943 as a Liberal.

He was born in Rustico, Prince Edward Island, the son of Dr. Isidore Gallant and Marguerite Campbell. He operated a store in Bloomfield Station for several years. In 1941, Gallant married Lillian-Mae MacAuland. He was accountant for the Falconwood Hospital in Charlottetown from 1943 to 1954. He died in Charlottetown at the age of 89.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Grenadier Models Inc.
Grenadier Models Inc. of  Springfield, Pennsylvania produced lead miniature figures for wargames and role-playing games with fantasy, science fiction and heroic themes between 1975 and 1996. Grenadier Models Inc. is best known for their figures for TSR, Inc.'s Advanced Dungeons & Dragons game, collectible Dragon-of-the-Month and Giants Club figures, and their marketing of paint and miniature sets through traditional retail outlets.

The company began as a basement enterprise, but by 1983 they had grown to a staff of 50 people and had the third highest gross sales in the expanding gaming market. Grenadier's sculptors included John Dennett, Janine Bennett, Julie Guthrie,  Nick Lund, Mark Copplestone, Michael Daley, Sandra Garrity, Bob Naismith, William Watt and Ian Symonds. Grenadier closed its doors in 1996, but many of their products remain in production by companies in the UK, Italy and the United States.

Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Springfield Township, or simply Springfield, is a township in Delaware County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 25,070 at the 2020 census. Springfield is a suburb of Philadelphia, located about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the city.