hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bulugh al-Maram
Bulūgh al-Marām min Adillat al-Aḥkām (Arabic: بلوغ المرام من أدلة الأحكام) translationed as: "Attainment of the Objective According to Evidences of the Ordinances," by al-Ḥāfiẓ ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (1372 – 1448), is a collection of hadith pertaining specifically to Shāfiʿī jurisprudence. This genre is referred to in Arabic as Aḥādīth al-Aḥkam.

Al-Shawkani
Muḥammad ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah, better known as al-Shawkani (Arabic: الشوكاني) (11 July 1759–30 October 1834) was a prominent Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, theologian and reformer. Al-Shawkani was one of the most influential proponents of Athari theology and is respected as one of their canonical scholars by Salafi Muslims. His teachings played a major role in the emergence of the Salafi movement. Influenced by the teachings of the medieval Hanbali scholar Ibn Taymiyya, al-Shawkani became noteworthy for his staunch stances against the practice of Taqlid (imitation to legal schools), calls for direct interpretation of Scriptures, opposition to Kalam (speculative theology) as well as for his robust opposition to various Sufi practices which he condemned as Shirk (idolatry).
Australian Apple Review
Australian Apple Review was an Australian computer magazine (ISSN 0816-7184) published by Gareth Powell Pty Ltd and Saturday Magazine Pty Ltd and initially printed by Offset Alpine and then by Ian Liddel Pty Ltd. The first issue was available in newsagents and dealerships in 1984 (36 pages) at the recommended price of $3.00. Its headquarters was in Randwick, New South Wales.

The magazine was published roughly monthly with 10 issues per year. The final issue was Vol 4 No 5 1987. The first editor of the magazine was Graeme Philipson. Later issues were edited by Gene Stephan and Gareth Powell.

The articles in Australian Apple Review catered for beginners to computing, through to highly technical programming techniques, industry updates and resources, with a focus on software, peripherals and computers available from Apple Computer. Articles were written by both full-time magazine staff and freelance contributors, including Paul Zabrs.

Offset Alpine fire
The Offset Alpine fire was a 1993 fire that destroyed a Sydney printing plant owned by the company Offset Alpine Printing Ltd. Investigations of the incident by the police and by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission spanned over ten years, amid suspicions that the printing plant was burnt down as part of an insurance fraud. It also gained attention because of the high profile of individuals involved.
Myingyan Township
Myingyan (Burmese: မြင်းခြံမြို့နယ်) is a township of Myingyan District in the Mandalay Division of Burma. The township covers an area of 374.3 square miles (969 km2) and as of 2014 it had a population of 276,190 people. In 2023, it had a population of 289,278 people. The township has 2 towns- the principal town of Myingyan and Simeekhon, which comprise a total of 24 urban wards. The township also has 183 villages grouped together into 64 village tracts.

Townships of Myanmar
Townships (Burmese: မြို့နယ်, Mrui.nay; IPA: [mjo̰nɛ̀]) are the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar. They are the sub-divisions of the districts of Myanmar. According to the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU), as of December 2015, there are 330 townships in Myanmar.

Townships are the basic administrative unit of local governance and are the only type of administrative division that cover all of Myanmar. A township is administered by a township administrator, a civil servant appointed through the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA). The minister of home affairs is to be appointed by the military according to the 2008 constitution. Townships are supervised by districts.
Fighting Blood (1911 film)
Fighting Blood is a 1911 American short silent Western film directed by D. W. Griffith, starring George Nichols and Robert Harron, and produced by the Biograph Company.

A band of Sioux attack an isolated family cabin. Of Griffith's 30 films involving Native Americans, this is one of the eight that portray them as villains.

Biograph Company
The Biograph Company, also known as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916. It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over 3000 short films and 12 feature films. During the height of silent film as a medium, Biograph was the most prominent American film studio and one of the most respected and influential studios worldwide, only rivaled by Germany's UFA, Sweden's Svensk Filmindustri and France's Pathé. The company was home to pioneering director D. W. Griffith and such actors as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore.
Hanover High School (New Hampshire)
Hanover High School is the only high school in the Dresden School District, and is located in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. In 1963 it became the first interstate high school in the country as part of a bill that was the last signed into action by John F. Kennedy. Today it accepts students from several communities in New Hampshire and Vermont. Enrollment is approximately 786 students, the majority of whom come from the towns of Hanover (New Hampshire) and Norwich, Vermont. 11% of the student body attends on a tuition basis from towns such as Cornish and Lyme, New Hampshire, and Strafford and Hartland, Vermont. The school employs 79 full-time faculty members.

Strafford, Vermont
Strafford is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,094 at the 2020 census. The town of Strafford was created on August 12, 1761, by way of a royal charter which King George III of Great Britain issued to Governor Benning Wentworth of New Hampshire. The town was named after the Earl of Strafford.  Its town house is one of the most famous in Vermont, sitting atop a hill at the end of the historic town common.

Strafford was one of thirteen Vermont towns isolated by flooding caused by Hurricane Irene in 2011.
James Vifah
James Vifah (born 24 November 1989) is a Ghanaian cricketer, who plays for the national team. He was named in Ghana's squad for the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament in South Africa. He played in Ghana's opening fixture, against Germany, on 3 September 2017. Previously, he also played for the Ghana under-19 team.

In May 2019, he was named in Ghana's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Kenya on 21 May 2019.

Germany national cricket team
The German national cricket team is the men's team that represents Germany in international cricket. The German Cricket Federation, which organises the team, has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1999, having previously been an affiliate member from 1991. The team made its international debut against Denmark in 1989, playing as West Germany. It has since played regularly in European Cricket Championship tournaments, as well as twice in the lower divisions of the World Cricket League. In 2001, Germany also competed in the ICC Trophy (now the World Cup Qualifier) for the first and only time. In 2022, they played their first T20 World Cup Global Qualifier.
Kitty Sanders
Kitty Sanders (born (1980-04-04)4 April 1980) is a retired Dutch female volleyball player.

She was part of the Netherlands women's national volleyball team at the 1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan.

1998 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 1998 FIVB Women's World Championship was the thirteenth edition of the tournament, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 3 to 12 November 1998 in Tokyo, Tokuyama, Matsumoto, Kagoshima, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Osaka, Japan.
Earll Douwrie
Earll Douwrie (born (1997-12-11)11 December 1997) is a South African rugby union player for the Griquas in the Currie Cup. His regular position is fullback.

He previously represented Enisei-STM in the European Rugby Challenge Cup, making 6 appearances over the course of the 2019–20 European Rugby Challenge Cup. He joined the Griquas ahead of the newly formed Super Rugby Unlocked competition.

Yenisey-STM Krasnoyarsk
Yenisey-STM Rugby Club is a Russian rugby union club founded in 1975. It is one of the two powerful Krasnoyarsk clubs, the other being their cross town rivals Krasny Yar. They participate in the Professional Rugby League, the premier rugby championship of Russia, and in 2015–16 qualified for the European Rugby Challenge Cup, making them the first Russian rugby union club ever to compete in a major European club competition. With an operating budget of €3.5m they are largest club in Russia.
The Good Soldier Schweik (1926 film)
The Good Soldier Schweik (Czech: Dobrý voják Švejk) is a 1926 Czech black-and-white silent era comedy film directed by Karel Lamač, based on Jaroslav Hašek's novel The Good Soldier Švejk. The first of the Czech films starring Karel Noll, as the Good Soldier Švejk. Of these, it was the most closely based on the original, unfinished novel. Subsequent films continued the original story.

Jaroslav Hašek
Jaroslav Hašek (Czech: [ˈjaroslaf ˈɦaʃɛk]; 3 April 1883 – 3 January 1923) was a Czech writer, humorist, satirist, journalist, bohemian, first anarchist and then communist, and commissar of the Red Army against the Czechoslovak Legion. He is best known for his novel The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War, an unfinished novel about a soldier in World War I and a satire on the ineptitude of authority figures. The novel has been translated into about 60 languages, making it the most translated novel in Czech literature.
Julien Gouyet
Julien Gouyet was a French priest, credited with discovering the House of the Virgin Mary. In 1881, led by the visions of Jesus of the Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich (Klemens Brentano, 1852) Gouyet discovered a house near Ephesus in Turkey, said to be the House of the Virgin Mary. Pope Leo XIII visited in 1896,  and in 1951 Pope Pius XII declared it a Holy Place. Pope John XXIII made the declaration permanent, and popes Paul VI (1967), John Paul II (1979) and Benedict XVI (2006) all visited the shrine.

Clemens Brentano
Clemens Wenzeslaus Brentano (also Klemens; pseudonym: Clemens Maria Brentano /brɛnˈtɑːnoʊ/; German: [bʁɛnˈtaːno]; 9 September 1778 – 28 July 1842) was a German poet and novelist, and a major figure of German Romanticism. He was the uncle, via his brother Christian, of Franz and Lujo Brentano.
Nell Cole Graves
Nell Cole Graves (1908 – February 17, 1997) was a potter from Seagrove, North Carolina, and a winner of the 1996 North Carolina Heritage Award.

Graves grew up in Montgomery County, North Carolina, with her father, Jacon B. Cole, and her brother, Waymon Cole. Her father owned a pottery shop called J.B. Cole Pottery, through which two centuries of Cole potters persisted in the region. During Graves' early childhood, it was typical for women and children to help with preparing clay, glazing, and loading kilns, while the men were tasked with making the pottery and running the business. Graves father, however, taught her on a treadle wheel from age 9. Graves eventually came to run the family business.

Graves married Philmore Graves, and owned Graves Candle Shop, which was located south of Seagrove, as well as J.B. Cole. She died in the late 1990s, and was buried in the old Fairgrove Church Cemetery behind Graves Candle Shop.

Seagrove, North Carolina
Seagrove is a town in Randolph County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Seagrove had a population of 235. It was named after a railroad official when the area was connected by rail. In 2020, the center of population of North Carolina was located east of Seagrove.

In this usage, the name Seagrove not only refers to the town proper, but also includes several other communities that are part of the pottery tradition along and near the "North Carolina Pottery Highway" (NC 705). Over 100 potteries are located in Seagrove and the neighboring towns of Robbins and Star. This also includes the unincorporated communities of Erect, Happy Hollow, Westmoore and Whynot. Seagrove is also home to the North Carolina Pottery Center, which was established on November 7, 1998, and has since received visitors from across the continent and around the world.
Nazar Mohammad (Afghan communist)
Nazar Muhammad (1935–1998) was a Colonel General in the Afghan Armed Forces, the Commander-in-Chief of the Afghan Air Force, the former Minister of Defense as well as the Chief of General Staff before 1988, being replaced by Shahnawaz Tanai. He was born in 1935 in Shindand District, Herat in the Kingdom of Afghanistan and died in 1998, Quetta, Pakistan. He was the former ambassador to West Germany.

Colonel general
Colonel general is a military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and Generaloberst was a rank above full General, but below Generalfeldmarschall. The rank of colonel general is also used in the armed forces organized along the lines of the Soviet model, where it is comparable to that of a lieutenant general.
2022 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Doubles
Feliciano López and Stefanos Tsitsipas defeated Marcelo Arévalo and Jean-Julien Rojer in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the doubles title at the 2022 Mexican Open.

Ken and Neal Skupski were the defending champions, but chose to play in Dubai instead.

Lloyd Glasspool
Lloyd Glasspool (born 19 November 1993) is a British professional tennis player who specialises in doubles. He has a career-high ranking of ATP world No. 1 in doubles, achieved on 18 August 2025, becoming the fourth British player to hold the top spot.
Glasspool won the 2025 Wimbledon title with Julian Cash, the first all-British team to win the title in 89 years. He has won an additional 11 ATP Tour and five ATP Challenger doubles titles. He also has a career best singles ranking of No. 282 reached on 25 July 2016.
Cyanolyca
Cyanolyca is a genus of small jays found in humid highland forests in southern Mexico, Central America and the Andes in South America. All are largely blue and have a black mask. They also possess black bills and legs and are skulking birds. They frequently join mixed-species flocks of birds.

Jay
Jays are a paraphyletic grouping of passerine birds within the family Corvidae. Although the term "jay" carries no taxonomic weight, most or all of the birds referred to as jays share a few similarities; they are small to medium-sized, usually have brightly coloured feathers and short tails, and are quite noisy. These superificial characteristics set them apart from most other corvids such as crows, ravens, jackdaws, rooks and magpies, which are mostly larger, or longer-tailed, and have darker plumage. Many so-called "jays" are genetically closer to these other corvids than other jays, however. The name 'jay' is onomatopoeic, based on the harsh call of the species originally so named, Garrulus glandarius.
Blåkampen
Blåkampen is a mountain in Vang Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,662-metre (5,453 ft) tall mountain is located in the Filefjell mountain area, about 17 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the village of Vang i Valdres. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Gilafjellet to the north, Veslebotnskarvet and Skogshorn to the south, and Ranastongi and Klanten to the northwest. The lower elevations of the eastern side of the mountain extend into the neighboring Vestre Slidre Municipality.

Skogshorn
Skogshorn, also written Skogshødn, is a mountain in the municipality Hemsedal in the county Buskerud.

Skogshorn is a part of Hemsedal Top 20.

The summit of Skogshorn is a popular destination for day-trips both summer and winter.  The east-side approach requires no climbing, and is popular for families and other mountain tourists.  The south-side of the mountain can be climbed.
Used to Be Young
"Used to Be Young" is a song by American singer Miley Cyrus. It was released as a single on August 25, 2023, through Columbia Records, after the broadcast of the ABC documentary concert special Endless Summer Vacation: Continued (Backyard Sessions) the day before, and appears on the digital reissue of Cyrus's eighth studio album Endless Summer Vacation (2023). The song was written by Cyrus alongside Aldae and Michael Pollack, with the singer, Pollack, and Shawn Everett handling production.

"Used to Be Young" debuted at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Cyrus' 12th top ten song and her second one from Endless Summer Vacation, following "Flowers".

Michael Pollack (songwriter)
Michael Ross Pollack (born April 26, 1994) is an American songwriter and record producer. He has written songs for artists such as Miley Cyrus, Reneé Rapp, Maroon 5, Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez, Katy Perry, Jonas Brothers, Beyoncé, Lizzo, and Kelly Clarkson, among others. He co-wrote Maroon 5's 2019 single "Memories", which peaked atop Billboard's Radio Songs chart, along with Justin Bieber's "Ghost" and Miley Cyrus' "Flowers". The latter also topped the Billboard Hot 100, becoming his first co-writing credit to do so.
Chakram (2005 film)
Chakram (transl. Wheel) is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed and co-written by Krishna Vamsi. It stars Prabhas as the male lead, while Asin (in her penultimate Telugu film) and Charmy Kaur play the female leads. The music was composed by Chakri. The film was released on 25 March 2005 to mixed reviews and became a flop at the box office. However, it won two Nandi Awards. It was dubbed in Bhojpuri under the same name and in Malayalam as Dharma Chakram.

Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.
V. Anamika
V. Anamika (born 12 March 1975) is a Contemporary Artist born in Neelankarai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, a student of S. Dhanapal, an eminent artist of India. She received her master's degree in Fine Arts (Painting and Print Making) in 1999 from Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai. She undertook a course on Care of museum objects at Government Museum in 2005. In 2006, she went to Scotland as a visiting artist scholar to learn Japanese wood-block printing at Edinburgh printmaker's studio.

Lalit Kala Akademi
The Lalit Kala Akademi or National Academy of Art (LKA) is India's national academy of fine arts. It is an autonomous organisation, established in New Delhi in 1954 by Government of India to promote and propagate understanding of Indian art, in and outside the country.

LKA provides scholarships and a fellow program, and sponsors and organises exhibitions in India and overseas. It publishes a bilingual journal. It is funded by the Union Ministry of Culture. Its headquarters are at Ravindra Bhawan, Ferozshah Road, New Delhi.
Deulin Castle
Deulin Castle (French: Château de Deulin, also Château de Harlez) is a château in the village of Deulin, which forms part of the commune of Hotton, in the province of Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium.

It was built from 1758 to 1770 by Guillaume-Joseph de Harlez, and his son Simon-Joseph, and their descendants, the de Harlez de Deulin family, still live there.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
Masahiko Suzuki
Masahiko Suzuki (Japanese: 鈴木真彦, Suzuki Masahiko; born February 21, 1997) is a Japanese kickboxer, currently competing in the bantamweight division of RISE. He is the former RISE Bantamweight Champion, having held the title between 2018 and 2023.

As of August 2023, he is ranked as the third best flyweight (-56.7kg) kickboxer in the world by Combat Press and the third best super flyweight (-55kg) kickboxer by Beyond Kickboxing. Between October 2019 and August 2020, he was ranked in the strawweight top ten by Combat Press, and as a top ten flyweight since September 2020.

Pound for pound
Pound for pound is a ranking used in combat sports, such as boxing, wrestling, or mixed martial arts, adjusted to compensate for weight class. As fighters in different weight classes do not compete directly, determining the best fighter pound for pound requires subjective judgment, and ratings often vary as a result.
Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education
The Ministry of Education and Higher Education is the branch of the Palestinian government in charge of managing the education in Palestine. It was established in 1994 after the formation of the Palestinian National Authority.

Nasser al-Shaer, the former Minister of Education, was arrested by Israeli authorities twice for membership in Hamas and released both times. After the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007, President Mahmoud Abbas dismissed all Hamas ministers including Shaer.

Marwan Awartani was appointed minister in 2019 and served from April 14, 2019 until his resignation was accepted on September 3, 2023.

Battle of Gaza (2007)
The Battle of Gaza, also known as the Gaza civil war, was a brief civil war between Fatah and Hamas that took place in the Gaza Strip from 10 to 15 June 2007. It was a prominent event in the Fatah–Hamas conflict, centered on the struggle for power after the fall of the National Unity Government between Hamas and Fatah, which was dissolved shortly afterwards. This led to the de facto division of the Palestinian territories into two entities: the West Bank governed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and the Gaza Strip governed by Hamas. Hamas fighters took control of the Gaza Strip, while Fatah officials were either taken as prisoners, executed, or expelled. The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights reported that at least 161 people were killed and more than 700 were wounded during the fighting.
1980–81 Montreal Canadiens season
The 1980–81 Montreal Canadiens season was the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Montreal Canadiens' 72nd season of play. The Canadiens lost just once in their last twenty-seven home games. The Canadiens earned at least 100 regular season points for the seventh consecutive season. Montreal qualified for the 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs and were eliminated in the NHL's preliminary round by the Edmonton Oilers three games to none, in what was considered a major upset. Four days after the Canadiens were eliminated, head coach Claude Ruel resigned.

1980–81 NHL season
The 1980–81 NHL season was the 64th season of the National Hockey League. The Flames relocated from Atlanta to Calgary. The New York Islanders were the top regular season team and the top playoff team, winning their second consecutive Stanley Cup by defeating the Minnesota North Stars in five games.