hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philadelphia, Newtown and New York Railroad
The Philadelphia, Newtown and New York Railroad was a railroad in southeastern Pennsylvania that is now a part of the SEPTA commuter rail system as the Fox Chase Branch. Despite the name, it only ever extended between Philadelphia and Newtown, Pennsylvania.

Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Newtown is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,268 at the 2020 census. It is located just west of the Trenton, New Jersey metropolitan area, and is part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area. It is entirely surrounded by Newtown Township, from which it separated in 1838. State Street is the main commercial thoroughfare with wide sidewalks, shops, taverns, and restaurants.
Malin Lundgren
Malin Lundgren  (born 9 March 1967) is a Swedish footballer who played as a defender for the Sweden women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup and 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup. At the club level she played for Malmö FF in Sweden.

Sweden women's national football team
The Sweden women's national football team (Swedish: Svenska damfotbollslandslaget), nicknamed Blågult ("The Blue-Yellow"), represents Sweden at international women's association football competitions. It was established in 1973 and is governed by the Swedish Football Association.

The team has represented Sweden at the FIFA Women's World Cup on nine occasions. They were runners-up in 2003 and bronze medalists in 1991, 2011, 2019, and 2023. Sweden have been to seven Olympic Games, winning silver medals in 2016 and 2021. On the continental level, the team has participated in the UEFA Women's Euro eleven times, becoming champions in 1984 and finishing in second place in 1987, 1995, and 2001. They have also competed in the UEFA Women's Nations League since the inaugural 2023–24 season.
Tajpur Union
Tajpur Union (Bengali: তাজপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Osmani Nagar Upazila of Sylhet District in the division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It has an area of 12 square kilometres and a population of 58,679.

Sylhet Division
Sylhet Division (Bengali: সিলেট বিভাগ, pronounced [sileʈ bibʱaɡ] ⓘ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It covers an area of approximately 12,298 km2 (4,748 sq mi), and shares international borders with the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively—while domestically it adjoins the divisions of Chattogram to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west. Renowned for its lush tea gardens, rolling hills and vibrant cultural heritage—Sylhet's capital is its namesake, and the fifth-largest urban agglomeration in Bangladesh.

Prior to Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India). However, Karimganj (including the thanas of Badarpur, Patharkandi and Ratabari) was inexplicably severed from Sylhet by the Radcliffe Boundary Commission. According to Niharranjan Ray, it was partly due to a plea from a delegation led by Abdul Matlib Mazumdar.
Stigmella pretiosa
Stigmella pretiosa is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Alps, and from Scotland to the Baltic region and Slovakia.

The wingspan is 5.5-6.5 mm. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Geum montanum, Geum rivale, Geum urbanum, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus, Rubus idaeus and Rubus macrophyllus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Geum urbanum
Geum urbanum, also known as wood avens, herb Bennet, colewort, clove root and St. Benedict's herb (Latin: herba benedicta), is a perennial plant in the rose family (Rosaceae), which grows in shady places (such as woodland edges and near hedgerows) in the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America.
INVADER
The Interactive Satellite for Art and Design Experimental Research or INVADER, also known as Cubesat Oscar 77 (CO-77) and Artsat-1 is an artificial satellite for artistic experiments in space. The satellite was built by the University of Tokyo in collaboration with Tama Art University. It has a size of 100x100x100mm (without antennas) and built around a standard 1U cubesat bus. The primary satellite payload is an FM voice transmitter. Also, it includes low-resolution CMOS camera and thermochromic panels for artistic purposes.

It was launched into orbit by a H-IIA launch vehicle on 27 February 2014 as a sub-payload of GPM Core satellite.
It reentered Earth's atmosphere on 2 September 2014.

Thermochromism
Thermochromism is the property of substances to change color due to a change in temperature.  A mood ring is an example of this property used in a consumer product, although thermochromism also has more practical uses, such as for baby bottles that change to a different color when cool enough to drink, or kettles that change color when water is at or near boiling point.  Thermochromism is one of several types of chromism.
Kalki Purana
The Kalki Purana (Sanskrit: कल्किपुराण, romanized: Kalkipurāṇa) is a Vaishnava Hindu text about the tenth avatar of Vishnu named Kalki. The Sanskrit text was likely composed in Bengal during an era when the region was being ruled by the Bengal Sultanate or the Mughal Empire. Wendy Doniger dates it to sometime between 1500 AD and 1700 AD. It has a floruit of 1726 AD based on a manuscript discovered in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East is an encyclopedia of the archaeology of the Near East edited by Eric M. Meyers and published by Oxford University Press. It was welcomed by Douglas R. Givens as "one of the most important compendiums of information comprising the history of Near Eastern Archaeology in recent time". and by Walter E. Aufrecht as "the epitome of what Near East architecture has been and what it is now". Robert D. Biggs also welcomed the encyclopedia but regretted the number of typographical errors in the text.

Robert D. Biggs
Robert D. Biggs was Professor of Assyriology in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago. He received his PhD at Johns Hopkins University in 1962. He was an editor of the Journal of Near Eastern Studies. He retired from the University of Chicago in June 2004.
Tulip Revolution
The Tulip Revolution, also known as the First Kyrgyz Revolution, led to Kyrgyzstan's then-President Askar Akayev's fall from power. The revolution began after parliamentary elections on 27 February and 13 March 2005. The revolutionaries alleged corruption and authoritarianism by Akayev, his family and supporters. Akayev fled to Kazakhstan and then to Russia. On 4 April 2005, at the Kyrgyz embassy in Moscow, Akayev signed his resignation statement in the presence of a Kyrgyz parliamentary delegation. The resignation was ratified by the Kyrgyz interim parliament on 11 April 2005.

Manas (city)
Manas (/məˈnɑːs/; Kyrgyz: [mɑnɑ́s]), called Jalal-Abad until 2025, is the administrative and economic centre of Jalal-Abad Region in southwestern Kyrgyzstan. Its area is 88 square kilometres (34 sq mi), and its resident population was 123,239 in 2021. It is situated at the north-eastern end of the Fergana Valley along the Kögart river valley, in the foothills of the Babash Ata mountains, near the border with Uzbekistan.
Robb Flynn
Robert Conrad Flynn (born Lawrence Matthew Cardine; July 19, 1967) is an American musician best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist for heavy metal band Machine Head, being the only member to feature on every album. Flynn formed the band along with Adam Duce, Logan Mader and Tony Costanza after leaving Bay Area thrash band Vio-lence.

The More Things Change...
The More Things Change… is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Machine Head, released on March 25, 1997 through Roadrunner Records. It is the band's last release to feature original guitarist Logan Mader and the first to feature drummer Dave McClain. The album's title alludes to the first part of the phrase, "The more things change, the more they stay the same"; the same phrase is mentioned during the chorus of "Struck a Nerve".

The More Things Change... reached #138 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1997. By July 1998, it had sold 400,000 copies worldwide, with 115,000 copies sold in the United States (as of 2002). In 2020, it was named one of the 20 best metal albums of 1997 by Metal Hammer magazine.
Frank Ulrich Montgomery
Frank Ulrich Montgomery (German: [fʁaŋk ˈʊl.ʁɪç mɔntˈgɔ.mə.ʁi] ⓘ, born 31 May 1952) is a German radiologist. From 1989 to 2007 he held the office of chairman of the German physicians' union Marburger Bund, and was named honorary chairman in 2007. In the same year, he was appointed vice president of the German Medical Association. He was the latter's president from 2011 to 2019. In 2015, Montgomery was elected vice chairman of the World Medical Association. In July 2017, he became chairman of the board of directors of Deutsche Apotheker- und Ärztebank which is a bank specialised on physicians and pharmacists in Germany as customers. The assembly of the World Medical Association on 25 April 2019 at Santiago de Chile elected him as chairman of the board for two years. He is also president of the Standing Committee of European Doctors since 2019.

Standing Committee of European Doctors
The Standing Committee of European Doctors (French: Comité Permanent des Médecins Européens, CPME) represents national medical associations across Europe.

It promotes the highest standards of medical training and medical practice in order to achieve the highest quality of health care for all patients in Europe. CPME strongly advocates a “health in all policies” approach to encourage cross-sectorial awareness for and action on the social determinants of health, since a healthy economy depends on a healthy population. To achieve its goals, CPME co-operates proactively with the institutions of the European Union.

Policies are set both in response to developments in Europe, as well as by taking the lead in matters regarding the medical profession and patient care. CPME offers broad expertise in matters relating to medicine and the medical profession and is directed by a Board, which is elected by the General Assembly every three years.
Nandotsava
Nandotsava (Sanskrit: नन्दोत्सव, romanized: Nandotsava) is a Hindu festival celebrated on the ninth day of the waning moon during the Hindu month of Bhadrapada, occurring the day after the festival of Krishna Janmashtami. This corresponds to late August to early September in the Gregorian calendar. It honours Nanda, the foster-father of the deity Krishna. According to legend, following the deity's birth, his father, Vasudeva, carried the infant to the house of his cousin Nanda and Yashoda to the settlement of Gokulam, where he was raised.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Jeffrey Randall Allen
Jeffrey Randall Allen (born 1980), also known as Player 831, is an American game show contestant. While a contestant on Beast Games, Allen won $10 million ($10,009,244 total), the largest prize in entertainment history. Allen then got eliminated in Season 2, Episode 5.

Creatine transporter defect
Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is an inborn error of creatine metabolism in which creatine is not properly transported to the brain and muscles due to defective creatine transporters. CTD is an X-linked disorder caused by mutation in SLC6A8. SLC6A8 is located at Xq28. Hemizygous males with CTD express speech and behavior abnormalities, intellectual disabilities, development delay, seizures, and autistic behavior. Heterozygous females with CTD generally express fewer, less severe symptoms. CTD is one of three different types of cerebral creatine deficiency (CCD). The other two types of CCD are guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency and L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency. Clinical presentation of CTD is similar to that of GAMT and AGAT deficiency. CTD was first identified in 2001 with the presence of a hemizygous nonsense change in SLC6A8 in a male patient.
Habib Bektaş
Habib Bektaş (Salihli, 1 March 1951) is a German-Turkish writer who has lived in Germany since 1972.

He lives with his wife in Erlangen and he has two adult children. In Germany he has worked in several places (restaurants, pharmaceutical enterprises...) and as a columnist of the journals Evrensel and Yeni Hayat.

Salihli
Salihli is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,359 km2, and its population is 165,182 (2023). The ancient Lydian capitals of Sardes and Daldis are located within Salihli.
Ruthie on the Telephone
Ruthie on the Telephone is an American comedy television series that was broadcast on the CBS Television network at 7:55 pm ET from August 7 to November 5, 1949.

The show was written by Goodman Ace and sponsored by Phillip Morris cigarettes. Each episode was only five minutes long. Ruthie on the Telephone was preceded by CBS Television News at 7:30 pm ET, and by The Sonny Kendis Show at 7:45 pm ET.

Philip Morris USA
Philip Morris USA is an American tobacco company. They are a division of the American tobacco corporation Altria Group. It has been the leading cigarette manufacturer in the U.S. since the late 20th century. Its major brands include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Merit, and Parliament.

The company was incorporated in New York City in 1902 as Philip Morris & Co. Ltd.  In 1919 George J. Whelan, along with fellow shareholders Reuben M. Ellis and Leonard B. McKitterick, acquired the American division of the company and created Philip Morris & Co. Ltd., Inc. In the 1950s it introduced innovations such as the flip-top box and filters for cigarettes. In 1972, it became the leading cigarette manufacturer in the United States in terms of sales, a position it continued to hold. In March 2008, Philip Morris International was split from Philip Morris USA.
Nzema District
Nzema District is a former district council that was located in Western Region, Ghana. It was originally created as a district council in 1975. However, in 1988, it was split off into two new district assemblies: Jomoro District (capital: Half Assini) and Nzema East District (capital: Axim). The district council was located in the southern part of Western Region and had Half Assini as its capital town.

Western Region (Ghana)
The Western region, located in south Ghana, spreads from the Ivory Coast (Comoé District) in the west to the Central region in the east, includes the capital and large twin city of Sekondi-Takoradi on the coast, coastal Axim, and a hilly inland area including Elubo. It includes Ghana's southernmost location, Cape Three Points, where crude oil was discovered in commercial quantities in June 2007. The region covers an area of 13,842 km2, and had a population of 2,060,585 at the 2021 Census. It has a coastline that stretches from South Ghana's border with the Ivory Coast to the boundary with the Central region on the east.
Matt Frei
Matthias "Matt" Frei (born 26 November 1963) is a British-German television news journalist and writer, formerly the Washington, D.C. correspondent for Channel 4 News. As of 2024 he is the channel's Europe editor and a presenter of the main Channel 4 News at 7pm.

Newsnight
Newsnight is the BBC's news and current affairs television programme, providing in-depth investigation and analysis of the stories behind the day's headlines. It is broadcast weeknights at 10:30 on BBC Two and the BBC News channel; it is also available on BBC iPlayer. The programme is currently presented by Victoria Derbyshire, Paddy O'Connell and Matt Chorley.
Nigeria at the Islamic Solidarity Games
Nigeria has participated at every celebration of the Islamic Solidarity Games since the first edition in 2005 in Mecca. The Nigerian athletes have won a total of 11 medals (3 gold, 6 silver, and 2 bronze), placing them 24th on the all-time medal table.

The most medals won in a single tournament was 6 medals in 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games, and most gold medal earned was 2 gold medals as well in the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games.

2005 Islamic Solidarity Games
The 1st Islamic Solidarity Games held in the Islamic holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia from 8–20 April 2005 with an Olympic-style tournament aimed at showing Muslim sports prowess and featuring 6,000 athletes. Only men's events were included on the programme.

Fifty five nations participated in the said "Islamic Olympic Games", hosted by the Saudi cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah and Ta’if.

Prince Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the prince of Mecca, opened the games in a ceremony in which more than 2,600 students participated at King Abdul Aziz Stadium.
2021 ASUN men's soccer tournament
The 2021 ASUN men's soccer tournament was the 43rd edition of the postseason men's soccer tournament for the ASUN Conference, held from November 5 through November 13, 2021. All rounds of the tournament were hosted at the first and second seeds home stadiums. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Jacksonville Dolphins were the defending tournament champions, and were unable to defend their title, after not qualifying for the tournament.  The Lipscomb Bisons won the tournament after defeating Central Arkansas 4–1 in the final. It was their third title in five years, and third title in program history for Lipscomb and coach Charles Morrow. As tournament champions, Lipscomb earned the ASUN's automatic berth into the 2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament
The 2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament was the 63rd edition of the NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament, a postseason tournament that determined the national champion of the 2021 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The College Cup, the semifinals and finals of the tournament, were played on December 10 and December 12 in Cary, North Carolina.
Erlang Township
Erlang Township (simplified Chinese: 二郎乡; traditional Chinese: 二郎鄉; pinyin: Èrláng Xiāng) is a township of Cheng County, Gansu province, China. As of 2023, it administers the following ten villages:

Tanhe Village (谭河村)

Zhuangzi Village (庄子村)

Dianzi Village (店子村)

Wuba Village (武坝村)

Zhaoba Village (赵坝村)

Yabei Village (崖背村)

Yanhe Village (严河村)

Liuping Village (刘坪村)

Anzi Village (安子村)

Caoyin Village (曹阴村)

Cheng County
Cheng County or Chengxian (simplified Chinese: 成县; traditional Chinese: 成縣; pinyin: Chéng Xiàn) is a county under the administration of Longnan City, in southeastern Gansu Province of China. It has a land area of 1,780 square kilometers and a population of 250,000 in 2004. The postal code is 742500, and the county seat is located in Chengguan Town.
Friday Night Lights (Attic Lights album)
Friday Night Lights is the debut studio album by the Scottish indie rock band Attic Lights, released on 13 October 2008 on Island Records.

Francis MacDonald, of Teenage Fanclub and BMX Bandits fame, assisted with production.

BMX Bandits (band)
BMX Bandits are a Scottish guitar pop band formed in Bellshill in 1985. Led by songwriter and lead vocalist Duglas T. Stewart, their music is heavily influenced by 1960s pop and European composers such as Serge Gainsbourg, Ennio Morricone and Michel Legrand. They have shared members with numerous other local bands, including Teenage Fanclub and the Soup Dragons. BMX Bandits were a favourite band of Kurt Cobain, who said "If I could be in any other band, it would be BMX Bandits". In 2011, they were the subject of the documentary Serious Drugs: A Film About BMX Bandits.
Oberramsern
Oberramsern was a municipality in the district of Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in  Switzerland.  On 1 January 2010, the municipalities of Balm bei Messen, Brunnenthal and Oberramsern merged into the municipality of Messen.

Solothurn
Solothurn (/ˈsoʊlətʊərn, ˈzoʊ-/ SOH-lə-toorn, ZOH-; Swiss Standard German: [ˈzoːlotʊrn] ⓘ; French: Soleure [sɔlœʁ]; Italian: Soletta [soˈletta]; Romansh: Soloturnⓘ) is a city, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It is located in the north-west of Switzerland on the banks of the Aare and on the foot of the Weissenstein Jura mountains.

The city is the only municipality of the district of the same name.

The city got its name from Salodurum, a Roman-era settlement. From 1530 to 1792 it was the seat of the French ambassador to Switzerland. The pedestrian-only old town was built between 1530 and 1792 and shows an impressive array of Baroque architecture, combining Italian Grandezza, French style, and Swiss ideas. The city has eighteen structures listed as heritage sites.

The official language of Solothurn is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Jack Armytage
John Crichton Green-Armytage (February 11, 1872 – August 7, 1943) was a Canadian ice hockey rover. Born in Fergus, Ontario, Canada, he is best remembered as the man who first organized a hockey club in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Rover (ice hockey)
A rover was an ice hockey position that was phased out during the 1910s and 1920s. The rover did not have a set position, and roamed the ice at will. Use of the rover resulted in teams having seven players on the ice at once, as compared to six players under modern rules.
Alkyl phosphate
Alkyl phosphates belong to a group of organic compounds called organophosphates. They are esters of phosphoric acid H3PO4 and corresponding alcohol. For example, the formula of methyl phosphate is CH3-H2PO4, dimethyl phosphate – (CH3)2HPO4 and trimethyl phosphate – (CH3)3PO4. 
Alkyl phosphates are widely distributed in nature, and form the basis of most biological processes. For example, high energy metabolites such as ATP and PEP are alkyl phosphates, as are nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Alkyl phosphates are also important medicinally, for example the HIV drug AZT is inactive until it becomes an alkyl phosphate in vivo.

Alcohol (chemistry)
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic  al-kuḥl 'the kohl') is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons, conferring hydrophilic (water-attracted) properties.  The OH group provides a site at which many reactions can occur.