hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John A. Danaher III
John A. Danaher III (born August 22, 1950) is a Connecticut Superior Court Judge sitting in Litchfield, Connecticut.  Between March 5, 2007, and May 5, 2010, he served as the Commissioner of the State of Connecticut Department of Public Safety. In addition, Judge Danaher previously served as the 47th United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut from May 2001 to November 2002 during which he supervised federal prosecutions of former Waterbury Mayor Philip Giordano and former Bridgeport Mayor Joseph Ganim.

Philip Giordano
Philip Anthony Giordano (born March 25, 1963) is the former Republican mayor of Waterbury, Connecticut, and a convicted sex offender. He was born in Caracas, Venezuela, to Italian parents and his family moved to the United States when he was two years old. A lawyer, former state representative and former Marine (1981–1985), Giordano served three terms as mayor after being elected for the first time in 1995. In 2000, he unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate, losing to Joe Lieberman.
Sea transport systems
Sea transport systems in today's shipping market have evolved into three separate but closely connected segments: bulk shipping, liner shipping and specialized shipping. Although these segments belong to the same industry, each carries out different tasks and has a very different character.

Large homogeneous parcels such as iron ore, coal and grain are carried by the bulk shipping industry, small parcels of general cargo are carried by the liner shipping industry and specialised cargoes shipped in large volumes are transported by the specialized shipping industry. These three cargo streams create demand for bulk transport, liner transport and specialized transport. A major distinction is drawn between the fleets of ships owned by companies moving their own cargo in their own ships and the ships owned by independent shipowners and chartered to the cargo owners.

Ship
A ship  is a large watercraft designed for travel across the surface of a body of water, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized tasks such as warfare, oceanography and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.

The word ship has meant, depending on era and context, either simply a large vessel or specifically a full-rigged ship with three or more masts, each of which is square rigged.

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BC. In 2024, ships had a global cargo capacity of 2.4 billion tons, with the three largest classes being ships carrying dry bulk (43%), oil tankers (28%) and container ships (14%).
Matchbook Romance
Matchbook Romance is an American rock band from Poughkeepsie, New York, initially formed in 1997 under the name Fizzlewink (1997–2001) and then The Getaway (2001–2002). They were signed to Epitaph Records and released two full-length albums, one EP and one split EP with Motion City Soundtrack under their label. Their EP West For Wishing, released in April 2003, was their first professional record and was produced by Brett Gurewitz. In September 2003, they debuted their first full-length album, Stories and Alibis.

SideOneDummy Records
SideOneDummy Records is an independent record label based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1995 by Bill Armstrong and Joe Sib. The label began as a way for them to release music for their friends' bands. Thereafter SideOneDummy launched the careers of bands like The Gaslight Anthem, AJJ, Flogging Molly, Gogol Bordello, Title Fight and others. Since 1998, SideOneDummy Records has also released the annual Warped Tour compilation album, which features music by bands playing on the current year's tour. Their YouTube channel, which features artists in their current roster, has 116,000 subscribers and 170,015,900 views (as of February 27, 2025).
Bernardo Larraín Vial
Bernardo Larraín Vial (27 August 1914 – 12 October 2009) was a Chilean lawyer and conservative politician. He served as a deputy between 1949 and 1957, and later as a senator representing Santiago from 1957 to 1965.

Senate of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Senate of the Republic of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, as established in the current Constitution of Chile.
Johann Conrad Felsing
Johann Conrad Felsing (1 March 1766 – 3 December 1819) was a German engraver.

Felsing was born at Giessen in 1766, and learned the elements of his art in Darmstadt. He engraved many portraits in the dotted manner, but was more particularly distinguished by his topographical works, of which the last and best was the military plan of Mayence of 1815. He died at Darmstadt in 1819. He was the father of Johann Heinrich Felsing, a celebrated copper-plate printer, who died in 1875, and of Georg Jakob Felsing, the eminent engraver.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
Throana
Throana is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae erected by Francis Walker in 1859. It consists of very small, slender species found mainly in Sundaland, with at least three species in Sulawesi, and outlying species in Seram and Australia.

Seram Island
Seram (formerly spelled Ceram; also Seran or Serang) is the largest and main island of Maluku province of Indonesia, despite Ambon Island's historical importance. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island and a few other adjacent islands, such as Saparua, Haruku, Nusa Laut and the Banda Islands.
Sarah (Thin Lizzy song)
"Sarah" is a pop song released in 1979 by Irish rock group Thin Lizzy, included on their album, Black Rose: A Rock Legend. The song was written by the band's frontman Phil Lynott and guitarist Gary Moore about Lynott's newborn daughter. The song was also issued as a single, and appeared on several compilation albums including Wild One: The Very Best of Thin Lizzy. The song was never performed live by Thin Lizzy, but it was adopted as a live favourite by Lynott's post-Thin Lizzy project, Grand Slam,: 150  and featured on Live in Sweden 1983, a recording of Lynott's solo band.

This song is not connected to another Thin Lizzy song entitled "Sarah", written for Lynott's grandmother, from their second album, Shades of a Blue Orphanage.: 172

On early US pressings of Black Rose, the song was incorrectly titled "My Sarah" (pictured).

Brian Downey (drummer)
Brian Michael Downey (born 27 January 1951) is an Irish drummer. He was a founding member of the rock band Thin Lizzy and the only other constant in the band aside from leader Phil Lynott until their disbandment in 1983. Downey also co-wrote several Thin Lizzy songs. Allmusic critic Eduardo Rivadavia has argued that Downey is "certainly one of the most underrated [rock drummers] of his generation".
Covington, Virginia
Covington is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,737, making it the second-least populous city in Virginia. It is surrounded by Alleghany County, of which it is also the county seat. Located at the confluence of Jackson River and Dunlap Creek, Covington is one of three cities (with Roanoke and Salem) in the Roanoke Regional Partnership. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Covington with Alleghany county for statistical purposes.

Bureau of Economic Analysis
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the United States Department of Commerce is a U.S. government agency that provides official macroeconomic and industry statistics, most notably reports about the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States and its jurisdictions.  They also provide information about personal income, corporate profits, and government spending in their National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs).

The BEA is one of the principal agencies of the U.S. federal statistical system. Its stated mission is to "promote a better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing the most timely, relevant, and accurate economic data in an objective and cost-effective manner".

BEA has about 500 employees and an annual budget of approximately $101 million.
Carlos Manuel Santiago
Carlos Manuel Santiago (March 2, 1926 – December 21, 2008) was an infielder in Puerto Rico and Negro league baseball, and a long-time scout and general manager. He is considered one of the best second basemen in Puerto Rican baseball history. After debuting in the LBPPR in 1944, Santiago went on to break the color barrier in the Canadian Colonial League by playing with the Stanford Bombers in 1947.

General manager (baseball)
In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.
The Longest Most Meaningless Movie in the World
The Longest Most Meaningless Movie in the World (also known as The Longest and Most Meaningless Movie in the World, The Most Meaningless Movie in the World and Meaningless Movies) is a 1968 British underground film lasting 48 hours directed by Vincent Patouillard. It was produced by Anthony Scott and created as a collaboration with French and British filmmakers in association with the Swiss Film Centre and the  starring Donald Campbell advertising a boys' adventure magazine is looped forty times, amounting to half an hour's worth of video. The film notably features Hermine Demoriane, Roger Dixon, Graham Stevens, Carla Liss and Martine Meringue. As British artist David Curtis has noted, the film had low production values.

Donald Campbell
Donald Malcolm Campbell, CBE (23 March 1921 – 4 January 1967) was a British speed record breaker who broke eight absolute world speed records on water and on land in the 1950s and 1960s. He remains the only person to set both world land and water speed records in the same year (1964). He died during a water speed record attempt at Coniston Water in the Lake District, England.
Gościcino
Gościcino (Polish: [ɡɔɕt͡ɕiˈt͡ɕinɔ]; Kashubian: Gòscëcëno) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wejherowo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
My God (album)
My God is the eighth album by the thrash metal band Flotsam and Jetsam. It was released on May 22, 2001 and was their last release on Metal Blade Records until the 2013 reissue of Ugly Noise.

My God sees Flotsam and Jetsam continuing the return to their thrashy sound on its predecessor Unnatural Selection, and expanding on the lyrical content of their 1990s material, with themes related to politics, religion and social issues.

Metal Blade Records
Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.
Sui, Bhiwani
Sui is a village in the Bhiwani district of the Indian state of Haryana. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) northwest of the district headquarters town of Bhiwani. As of the 2011 Census of India, the village had 930 households with a population of 5,063, of which 2,677 were male and 2,386 female.

Bhiwani
Bhiwani is a city and a municipal council in Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana. Besides being a seat of spiritual learning, the city is at the centre of regional politics and hometown of three former Haryana chief ministers: Bansi Lal, Banarsi Das Gupta and Hukum Singh. It is located 128 km west of national capital New Delhi.

The city has a conventional school of boxing, with almost all of the members of the Indian Boxing Squad coming from its Sports Authority of India (SAI) hostel. The late Capt. Hawa Singh, the legendary boxer, helped establish the boxing academy in Bhiwani.

Bhiwani is also known as Choti Kashi because of so many ancient Hindu temples in city like Kirorimal mandir, Khaki baba temple, Jogiwala mandir.
Zgniłocha
Zgniłocha [zɡniˈwɔxa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Purda and 24 km (15 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, in 1772–1871 of Prussia, in 1871–1945 of Germany, and since 1945 of Poland.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Lucjan Zarzecki
Lucjan Zarzecki (1873–1925) was a Polish pedagogue and mathematician, a co-originator of national education concept. His area of study was general didactics and didactics of mathematics.

Member of the Polska Macierz Szkolna, professor and director of Pedagogics Department of the Wolna Wszechnica Polska in Warsaw.

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
Sleeping Lady with Black Vase
Sleeping Lady with Black Vase (Hungarian: Alvó nő fekete vázával) is a 1927–1928 oil painting by Róbert Berény. It is a depiction of the painter's wife reclining asleep in a blue dress behind a table on which is set a black vase. The painting was sold in 1928 and was considered lost after World War II.

It was auctioned as a Berény in the mid-1990s and, with the artist's work valued cheaply at this time, was later sold to Sony Pictures, who used it in the 1999 film Stuart Little as set dressing in the house of the main character. In 2009, art historian Gergely Barki identified the painting while watching the film with his daughter, and tracked it down. It was owned by a set designer, who sold it to an art collector, who sold it at auction in 2014 for $285,700.

Lost artworks
Lost artworks are original pieces of art that credible sources or material evidence indicate once existed but that cannot be accounted for in museums or private collections, as well as works known to have been destroyed deliberately or accidentally or neglected through ignorance and lack of connoisseurship.
Fort Colvin
Fort Colvin, also known as Covill's Fort and Colvin House, is a historic home located near Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. It was built about 1750, and is a 1 1/2-story, stone and frame building with a metal gable roof and interior chimney.  It measures 24 feet by 34 feet and is nearly centrally positioned over a spring. Also on the property are a contributing site of a small domestic outbuilding and the ruins of a small footbridge. Fort Colvin is believed to have been built by some of the first European settlers in the first multi-ethnic community west of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia.  It is thought to have been used as a settler's fort by Joseph Colvill in 1755.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
Troldhede
Troldhede is a small railway town, with a population of 654 (1 January 2025), in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located 16 km southeast of Videbæk, 11 km southwest of Kibæk, 26 km southwest of Herning and 19 km east of Skjern.

Troldhede is served by Troldhede railway station on the Skanderborg-Skjern railway line.

Troldhede Church is located in the southeastern part of the town.

Skanderborg–Skjern railway line
The Skanderborg–Skjern railway line (Danish: Skanderborg–Skjern–banen) is a 111.9 km (69.5 mi) long standard gauge single track railway line in Denmark which runs between the cities of Skanderborg and Skjern in Central Jutland, Denmark.

The railway opened in sections. The section from Skanderborg to Silkeborg opened in 1871, the section from Silkeborg to Herning in 1877, and the section from Herning to Skjern in 1881. The line is owned and maintained by Rail Net Denmark and served with passenger trains by the railway company Arriva.
History of Bombay in independent India
Mumbai, previously known as Bombay, is the financial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world. Mumbai grew into a leading commercial center of India during the 19th century on the basis of textile mills and overseas trade. After independence, the desire to domesticate a Marathi social and linguistic Mumbai to a cosmopolitan framework was strongly expressed in the 1950s. Mumbai, one of the earliest cities in India to be industrialized, emerged as the centre of strong organized labour movement in India, which inspired labour movements across India.

Mulund
Mulund (Pronunciation: [muluɳɖ]) is a suburb in northeast Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Mulund railway station is on the Central Railway line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. Mulund lies southwest of Sanjay Gandhi National Park with easy access to the Eastern Express Highway and Navi Mumbai through the Mulund-Airoli Bridge. Mulund marks the end of Mumbai city.
Gallimard Jeunesse
Gallimard Jeunesse is a French publisher of children's books. It is a subsidiary of Éditions Gallimard.

It is the publisher of the French versions of Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling, the catalogue of Roald Dahl, The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Animorphs by Katherine Applegate, The English Roses and other books by Madonna, Winnie the Pooh, and Pokémon.

Gallimard also publishes The Book of Time trilogy, by Guillaume Prévost (which includes The Book of Time, The Gate of Days and The Circle of Gold), and the birthplace of the encyclopaedic collection "Découvertes Gallimard".

Katherine Applegate
Katherine Alice Applegate (born October 9, 1956), known professionally as K. A. Applegate, is an American young adult and children's fiction writer, best known as the author of the Animorphs, Remnants, and Everworld book series. She won the 2013 Newbery Medal for her 2012 children's novel The One and Only Ivan. Applegate's most popular books are science fiction, fantasy, and adventure novels. She won the Best New Children's Book Series Award in 1997 in Publishers Weekly. Her book Home of the Brave has won several awards. She also wrote a chapter book series in 2008–09 called Roscoe Riley Rules.
Multiple rule-based problems
Multiple rule-based problems are problems containing various conflicting rules and restrictions. Such problems typically have an "optimal" solution, found by striking a balance between the various restrictions, without directly defying any of the aforementioned restrictions.

Solutions to such problems can either require complex, non-linear thinking processes, or can instead require mathematics-based solutions in which an optimal solution is found by setting the various restrictions as equations, and finding an appropriate maximum value when all equations are added. These problems may thus require more working information as compared to causal relationship problem solving or single rule-based problem solving. The multiple rule-based problem solving is more likely to increase cognitive load than are the other two types of problem solving.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.