hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nizhnyaya Vodyanka
Nizhnyaya Vodyanka (Russian: Нижняя Водянка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Verkhnevodyanskoye Rural Settlement, Staropoltavsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 15 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Staropoltavsky District
Staropoltavsky District (Russian: Старополта́вский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Staropoltavsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,120 square kilometers (1,590 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Staraya Poltavka. Population: 20,363 (2010 Census); 23,633 (2002 Census); 25,691 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Staraya Poltavka accounts for 20.1% of the district's total population.
Asociación de Muchachas Guías de Panamá
The Asociación de Muchachas Guías de Panamá (AMGP, Girl Guide Association of Panama) is the national Guiding organization of Panama. It serves 751 members (as of 2003). Founded in 1950 by Ernestina Sucre, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1952.

The Girl Guide emblem incorporates a map of Panama.

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.
Nippon Yusen
The Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (日本郵船株式会社, Nippon Yūsen kabushiki kaisha; lit. 'Japan Mail Ship Company'), also known as NYK Line, is a Japanese shipping company. The company headquarters are located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It operates a fleet of over 820 ships, which includes container ships, tankers, bulk and woodchip carriers, roll-on/roll-off car carriers, reefer vessels, LNG carriers, and cruise ships. It is a member of the Ocean Network Express and Mitsubishi Group.

Freight transport
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commercial products and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.
Lochead-MacMillan v AMI Insurance Ltd
Lochead-MacMillan v AMI Insurance Ltd [2012] NZHRRT 5 was an important case on privacy law in New Zealand that was decided in the Human Rights Review Tribunal.

Besides reinforcing the principle that a person can receive general damages for breaches of privacy for humiliation and injury of feelings, it set the precedent of increasing such an award from the then $7,500 to $10,000, and was prominent enough to be included on the Privacy Commission's June 2012 newsletter.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Martha Anthouli
Martha Anthouli (Greek: Μάρθα Ανθούλη; born August 13, 2004, in Thessaloniki, Greece) is a Greek female professional volleyball player, who has been a member of the Greece women's national volleyball team. She currently plays for Reale Mutua Fenera Chieri '76.

Greece women's national volleyball team
The Greece women's national volleyball team represents Greece in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches. The team first competed on the highest level at the 1985 European Championship, finishing in 12th place.
Maryland Lottery
The Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency (MLGCA) is an independent agency of the Maryland government. The MLGCA operates the Maryland Lottery and serves as regulator for Maryland's casino and sports wagering programs and a number of ancillary gaming programs.

The Lottery offers 10 draw games, instant FAST PLAY games and instant scratch-off tickets. Daily drawings were once shown on Baltimore television station WBAL-TV. Maryland has six privately owned licensed casinos that each offer slot machines and table games. The MLGCA is headquartered in Suite 330 at 1800 Washington Boulevard, in Montgomery Business Park, Baltimore. The minimum age to buy Maryland Lottery tickets is 18, and casino patrons must be at least 21.

WBAL-TV
WBAL-TV (channel 11) is a television station in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is the flagship property of Hearst Television, which has owned the station since its inception, and is sister to the company's sole radio properties, WBAL (1090 AM) and WIYY (97.9 FM). The three outlets share studios and offices on Television Hill in the Woodberry section of Baltimore, near the transmission tower that WBAL-TV also shares with WIYY and several other Baltimore television and radio stations.
Darkush
Darkush (Arabic: دَرْكُوش, romanized: Darkūš; also spelled Darkoush or Derkush) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located northwest of Idlib along the Syrian–Turkish borders on the Orontes River. Nearby localities include al-Janudiyah, Zarzur and al-Najiyah to the southwest, Jisr al-Shughur to the south and Millis and Maarrat Misrin to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Darkush had a population of 5,295 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative center of the Darkush nahiyah which consists of 19 villages with a combined population of 23,022. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Millis, Syria
Milles (Arabic: ملَس) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively belonging to the Idlib Governorate. The village is 18 km from the city of Idlib, 120 km west of Aleppo, and is in between Idlib{to 18 km } and Salqeen{to 35 km }. Milles is near to Turkey and is located between two mountains. Baresh is the first and Alaly is the second. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 2,938 in the 2004 census. This village has a small hill covered by thousand of olive trees.
Francesco Forgione (politician)
Francesco Forgione (born August 15, 1960, in Catanzaro, Italy), is a former member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies and the Communist Refoundation Party. He was chairman of the Antimafia Commission in 2006–2008.

Forgione served as the primary inspiration for the song 'Francesco' written in 2023, released in 2025 by singer-songwriter Bug Hunter, first featured on an episode of the podcast Jam Mechanics after given a prompt to write a song based on a random Wikipedia page chosen through WikiRoulette.

Bug Hunter (band)
Bug Hunter is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 2015 by lead vocalist and guitarist Cody 'Bug' Hunter. It began as a solo project by Hunter and later formed as a full band, with members consisting of Hunter, Moe Hussein, Marcus Alcantara, Jesse Gallaway, and Kyle Hodgkinson.
Katarina Konow
Katarina Konow is a Swedish model and beauty pageant. Born in Gnosjö, Jönköping County, she was the beauty pageant titleholder who placed 1-runner up in Miss Universe Sweden in 2012, and represented Sweden in Miss International 2012 in Japan. Konow now holds the title Miss International Sweden 2012.

Miss International 2012
Miss International 2012, the 52nd Miss International pageant, was held on October 21, 2012, at Okinawa Prefectural Budokan Arena Building in Okinawa, Japan. Fernanda Cornejo from Ecuador crowned her successor Ikumi Yoshimatsu from Japan at the end of the event.

Yoshimatsu was dethroned shortly before the end of her reign, but she was not replaced. She was ordered by The International Culture Association (Miss International organizer) to skip the succession ceremony and “play sick and shut up” out of fear of scandal.
Distributed Bragg reflector
A distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is a reflector used in waveguides, such as optical fibers. It is a structure formed from multiple layers of alternating materials with different refractive index, or by periodic variation of some characteristic (such as height) of a dielectric waveguide, resulting in periodic variation in the effective refractive index in the guide. Each layer boundary causes a partial reflection and refraction of an optical wave. For waves whose vacuum wavelength is close to four times the optical thickness of the layers, the interaction between these beams generates constructive interference, and the layers act as a high-quality reflector.  The range of wavelengths that are reflected is called the photonic stopband. Within this range of wavelengths, light is "forbidden" to propagate in the structure.

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
Rosenfield
Rosenfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew M. Rosenfield, American CEO

Allan Rosenfield, American medical care leader (1933-2008)

Clare Rosenfield, LCSW, American philanthropist

Ethel Rosenfield (1910–2000), Canadian sculptor

Jim Rosenfield, American TV news anchor

John M. Rosenfield (1924 –2013), American art historian

Joseph Rosenfield (1904–2000), American lawyer and businessman

Ethel Rosenfield
Ethel Rosenfield (1910 – 2000) was a Polish-born Canadian sculptor who lived in Montreal, Quebec. After enrolling in art classes in her mid-forties, she began working primarily in limestone and marble, exploring "organic forms, abstract or schematized, the latter representing faces and female bodies". Rosenfield co-founded the Quebec Sculptors' Association in 1962, and her work was exhibited at the Rodin Museum, Expo 67, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, and multiple Canadian universities. Her sculptures are held in permanent collections at Concordia University, the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, and the Storm-King Art Centre.
2015 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 2015 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship—known as the Liberty Insurance All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship for sponsorship reasons— is the premier competition of the 2015 camogie season. Ten county teams compete in the Senior Championship out of twenty-seven who compete overall in the Senior, Intermediate and Junior Championships. It commenced on 20 June.

All-Ireland Junior Camogie Championship
The All-Ireland Junior Camogie Championship is a competition for third-tier county teams in the women's field sport of camogie and for second-string teams of first-tier counties. In accordance with the practice in GAA competitions the term junior applies to the level of competition rather than the age group.

The 2021 championship was contested by Armagh, Cavan, Roscommon and the second teams of Antrim, Clare, Down, Limerick, Kildare, Waterford and Wexford.
N.W.A. and the Posse
N.W.A. and the Posse is a compilation album, re-releasing N.W.A and associated groups' underground rap songs from the Los Angeles area's rap scene on November 6, 1987. It is regarded as American rap group N.W.A's first but neglected album; N.W.A's authorized debut studio album, rather, is Straight Outta Compton, released in January 1989. Whereas Straight Outta Compton was certified platinum, one million copies sold that July, N.W.A. and the Posse was certified gold, half as many copies sold, in April 1994.

DJ Yella
Antoine Carraby (born December 11, 1961), better known by his stage name DJ Yella, is an American DJ, record producer, and former pornographic film producer and director from Compton, California.

DJ Yella began his career as a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru along with Dr. Dre. He later joined the pioneering gangsta rap group N.W.A (originally composed of Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, Arabian Prince and Eazy-E) and became the least vocal but longest-lasting member of the group. His first and only studio album One Mo Nigga ta Go was released in 1996 through Street Life Records and was dedicated to Eazy-E. After the release of the album he left the music industry to direct pornographic films until 2011, when he started working on a new album called West Coastin. However, as of 2025, the album remains unreleased.
9th AACTA Awards
The 9th Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards (generally known as the AACTA Awards) is an awards ceremony to celebrate the best of Australian films and television of 2019. The main ceremony was held at The Star in Sydney and was televised on the Seven Network. First awards were presented on 4 December 2019. The recipient of the Longford Lyell Award was actor and filmmaker Sam Neill.

The Australian Star
The Australian Star was a daily English-language newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, from 1887 to 1909. It was published as The Star, also known as The Star: the Australian Evening Daily, until 1910 and then renamed The Sun, which continued publication until 1988.
Voodoos and Obeahs
Voodoos and Obeahs: Phases of West India Witchcraft is a 1932 book by Joseph J. Williams, published by Lincoln MacVeagh and S. J. Dial Press. Williams later wrote a companion book, Psychic Phenomena of Jamaica.

Voodoos and Obeahs examines the history of voodoo and obeah in the Caribbean, specifically Jamaica and Haiti, traces them back to their roots in Africa and discusses the influence imperialism, slavery and racism had on their development.

Lincoln MacVeagh
Lincoln MacVeagh (October 1, 1890 – January 15, 1972) was a United States diplomat, archaeologist, soldier and publisher, he was the founder of Dial Press. He served a long career as the United States ambassador to several countries during difficult times.
Richard Mayston
Christianity portal

Richard John Forrester Mayston CBE was an Anglican priest.

He was born in Dublin on 23 January 1907, educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1931. He began his career as a curate in Holywood, County Down. Commissioned into the Royal Army Chaplains' Department, he served until 1958. He then became Provost of Leicester Cathedral, a post he held until his death on 13 May 1963.

Holywood, County Down
Holywood (/ˈhɒliwʊd/ HOL-ee-wuud; from Latin  Sanctus Boscus 'holy wood') is a town in the metropolitan area of Belfast in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a civil parish and townland of 306 hectares (755 acres) lying on the shore of Belfast Lough, between Belfast and Bangor. Holywood Exchange and Belfast City Airport are nearby.
Vignette (philately)
In philately, the vignette is the central part of a postage stamp design, such as, a monarch's head or a pictorial design, which often shades off gradually to the edges of the stamp.

The central vignette is often surrounded by a frame. Often times the vignette and frame  are engraved on a single plate, while sometimes there are two separate plates for the frame and vignette, where the vignette may be printed separately and is often of a different color. The plate from which the vignette is printed is known as the vignette plate.

Printing errors have sometimes led to the vignette being inverted. Perhaps the most famous example is the Inverted Jenny.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Maneštra
Maneštra (from Italian minestra, "soup"; Slovene: mineštra, regionally also pašta fižol; Croatian: maneštra) is a vegetable stew from Istria and made with spring corn, which is popular in the whole of the northern Adriatic seaboard. It is served as a first-course soup if the main ingredients are vegetables, but it can be served as a main course if it is made of "stronger ingredients" such as meat. In Greek cuisine, maneštra is the name used for a rice-like pasta (see orzo), often used in casseroles and soups, or for a tomato-based vegetable stew made with the pasta.

Greek cuisine
Greek cuisine is the cuisine of Greece and the Greek diaspora. In common with many other cuisines of the Mediterranean, it is founded on the triad of wheat, olive oil, and wine. It uses vegetables, olive oil, grains, fish, and meat, including pork, poultry, veal and beef, lamb, rabbit, and goat. Other important ingredients include pasta (such as hilopites), cheeses, herbs, lemon juice, olives and olive oil, and yogurt. Bread made of wheat is ubiquitous; other grains, notably barley, are also used, especially for paximathia. Common dessert ingredients include nuts, honey, fruits, sesame, and filo pastries. It continues traditions from Ancient Greek and Byzantine cuisine, while incorporating Turkish, Middle Eastern, Balkan, and Italian influences.
Colby Lewis
Colby Preston Lewis (born August 2, 1979), popularly nicknamed "Cobra", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers, Oakland Athletics, and Texas Rangers and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp.

Lewis was originally a first-round draft choice (sandwich pick) of the Texas Rangers in the 1999 Major League Baseball draft and made his major league debut in 2002. He played for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp of Japan's Central League from 2008 to 2009, during which he won two awards for most strikeouts. Upon his return to the Rangers, he helped lead the team to two consecutive American League pennants in 2010 and 2011.

Central League
The Central League (セントラル・リーグ, Sentoraru Rīgu) or Ce League (セ・リーグ, Se Rīgu), also known as the JERA Central League (JERAセ・リーグ, JERA Se Rīgu) for sponsorship reasons, is one of the two professional baseball leagues that constitute Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan. The winner of the league championship plays against the winner of the Pacific League in the annual Japan Series. It currently consists of six teams from around the country. Unlike the Pacific League, designated hitters are not used during Central League home games. The Central League has voted to adopt the designated hitter beginning in 2027.
Cladomelea debeeri
Cladomelea debeeri is a species of spider in the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae, found in South Africa. It was first described in 2004. Cladomelea species, including C. debeeri, are "bolas spiders" – adult females capture their prey by using one or more sticky drops on the end of a line which they swing, usually catching male moths attracted by the release of an analogue of the attractant sex pheromone produced by the female moth. Juvenile and adult male bolas spiders do not use a bolas, catching prey with their legs alone.

Sex pheromone
Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the same species, encourage it to mate with it, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction.
Sex pheromones specifically focus on indicating females for breeding, attracting the opposite sex, and conveying information on species, age, sex and genotype. Non-volatile pheromones, or cuticular contact pheromones, are more closely related to social insects as they are usually detected by direct contact with chemoreceptors on the antennae or feet of insects.

Insect sex pheromones have found uses in monitoring and trapping of pest insects.
Rossiya (icebreaker)
Two icebreakers have been named Rossiya, romanization of the Russian language word for "Russia" (Россия):

Rossiya (1983 icebreaker), Arktika-class icebreaker launched in 1983 and retired in 2013

The lead ship of Russian Project 10510 icebreakers will be named Rossiya

Rossiya (1983 icebreaker)
Rossiya (Russian: Россия; literally: Russia) is a Russian Arktika-class nuclear-powered icebreaker. In 1990, it became the first ship to carry commercial passenger traffic to the geographic North Pole. Its sister ship Arktika was the first surface ship to reach the pole.

During the winter of 2012–2013, Rossiya was stationed in the Gulf of Finland.

According to Bellona, Rossiya was taken out of service in 2013 and is currently in "cold lay-up" awaiting disposal.
Pentahexagonal pyritoheptacontatetrahedron
In geometry, a pentahexagonal pyritoheptacontatetrahedron is a near-miss Johnson solid with pyritohedral symmetry. This near-miss was discovered by Mason Green in 2006. It has 6 hexagonal faces, 12 pentagonal faces, and 56 triangles in 3 symmetry positions. Mason calls it a hexagonally expanded snubbed dodecahedron.

With regular hexagons and pentagons it is a symmetrohedron. The triangles are not equilateral, with triangle-triangle edges compressed by 1.8%.

It has 3 vertex configurations, 3.3.5.6, 3.5.3.6, 3.3.3.3.5, with the last shared in the snub dodecahedron.

Snub (geometry)
In geometry, a snub is an operation applied to a polyhedron. The term originates from Kepler's names of two Archimedean solids, for the snub cube (cubus simus) and snub dodecahedron (dodecaedron simum).

In general, snubs have chiral symmetry with two forms: with clockwise or counterclockwise orientation. By Kepler's names, a snub can be seen as an expansion of a regular polyhedron: moving the faces apart, twisting them about their centers, adding new polygons centered on the original vertices, and adding pairs of triangles fitting between the original edges.

The terminology was generalized by Coxeter, with a slightly different definition, for a wider set of uniform polytopes.