hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalonymus ben Meshullam
Kalonymus Ben Meshullam was a French Jew of the  Kalonymus family the son of Meshullam ben Kalonymus.

He was head of the Jewish community of Mainz at the time of the Rhineland massacres. He is said to have sent a messenger to King Henry IV in Italy, in consequence of which the king promulgated an order throughout his realm to the effect that the Jews were not to be molested. On 27 May 1096, however, Kalonymus led fifty-three other Jews, who had taken refuge from the Crusaders in the palace of Bishop Adalbert II of Worms, to meet the invaders in battle (led by Count Emicho) during the Worms massacre.

A provenance of the teachings of the Kalonymides (c.1220) by Eleazar of Worms indicates that Samuel of Speyer (father of Judah “the Pious” of Regensburg) may have been a son a of Kalonymous Ben Meshullam.

Eleazar of Worms
Eleazar of Worms (אלעזר מוורמייזא - also מגרמייזא of Garmiza or Garmisa) (c. 1176–1238), or Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus, also sometimes known today as Eleazar Rokeach ("Eleazar the Perfumer"  אלעזר רקח) from the title of his Book of the Perfumer (Sefer ha rokeah ספר הרקח)—where the numerical value of "Perfumer" (in Hebrew) is equal to Eleazar, was a prominent Kabbalist and halakhic authority, among the greatest of the Hasidei Ashkenaz and a disciple of Rabbi Judah the Pious.

He was the author of the Sefer ha-Rokeach (Rokeach in gematria = Eleazar), one of the Tosafists, and wrote many Kabbalistic works, most of which survive only in manuscript form. He served as a rabbi and judge in Worms, and instituted customs still observed in Ashkenazic communities today.

He was called "the Rokeach" after his book, though he was often mistakenly referred to as "Rabbi Eliezer of Germiza". Due to this confusion, he was sometimes wrongly identified as Eliezer the Great.
National Aviation Education Center
The Henry B. Tippie National Aviation Education Center (NAEC) is an aviation museum operated by the American Airpower Heritage Museum (AAHM), an affiliate organization of the Commemorative Air Force (CAF), headquartered at Dallas Executive Airport in Dallas, Texas, United States.

Dallas Executive Airport
Dallas Executive Airport (IATA: RBD, ICAO: KRBD, FAA LID: RBD), formerly Redbird Airport, is six miles (10 km) southwest of Downtown Dallas, in Dallas County, Texas, United States. The airport is used for general aviation and is a reliever airport for Dallas Love Field.

In 2013, the Commemorative Air Force announced that they would build a "National Airbase" at Executive which would include their headquarters and main museum, both of which would be moved from Midland. As of 2016, the Commemorative Air Force established their headquarters at the airport and currently occupies a hangar on the southeast side of the airfield. The Dallas Police Department operates their helicopter(s) from Dallas Executive Airport.

During 2017, extensive work was done to improve the existing runway, and more work is being done in 2018 to extend runway 13/31 to move the safety areas and protections zones onto the airport.
Badwan (surname)
Badwan (Arabic: بدوان) is a surname occurring especially in Palestine. Notable people with the surname include:

Ali Saeed Badwan (1959–2025), Palestinian writer and political analyst based in Syria

Faris Badwan (born 1986), English musician of Palestinian descent

Nidaa Badwan (born 1987), Palestinian artist

Ali Saeed Badwan
Ali Saeed Badwan (Arabic: علي سعيد بدوان; 1959 – 1 June 2025) was a Palestinian writer and political analyst based in Syria, born in Yarmouk camp near Damascus in 1959. His family left Haifa to take refuge in Syria following the 1948 Palestine Nakba.
Józef Zaremba
Józef Zaremba (c.1731 - 1774) was a Polish noble (of the Zaremba coat of arms) and general. He fought on the side of the Bar Confederation. he took part in the siege of Częstochowa, battle of Kościan and the battle of Widawa. Defeated in 1772 at the battle of Piotrków he surrendered to the king. He received the rank of the general afterwards, but did not see any action before his death.

He died as a result of burns he sustained in a new, thermic bath.

Bar Confederation
The Bar Confederation (Polish: Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia (now Ukraine), in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian political influence and against King Stanislaus II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates.

The founders of the Bar Confederation included the magnates Adam Stanisław Krasiński, the bishop of Kamieniec, Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Casimir Pulaski, his father and brothers and Michał Hieronim Krasiński. Its creation led to a civil war and contributed to the First Partition of Poland. Maurice Benyovszky was the best known European Bar Confederation volunteer, supported by Roman Catholic France and Austria. Some historians consider the Bar Confederation the first Polish uprising.
Armand Bayou Archeological District
The Armand Bayou Archeological District is a historical district located near Houston, Texas listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The district is part of the Armand Bayou Watershed which is located in southeast Harris County, encompassing portions of the cities of Houston, Pasadena, Deer Park, La Porte and Taylor Lake Village.

Humans first arrived in this bayou area seven to eight thousand years ago. These humans were nomadic Native Americans composed of the Karankawa, Attakapa, and Coahuiltecan peoples. Approximately twenty Middens (prehistoric waste sites) have been found along the Bayou.

Midden
A midden is an old dump for domestic waste. It may consist of animal bones, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and biofacts associated with past human occupation.

These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition, sediment is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed.
Chowdhury Rafiqul Abrar
Chowdhury Rafiqul Abrar (born 17 August 1952) is a retired professor of International relations of the University of Dhaka, human rights activist, and executive director of Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit. He is the president of Odhikar, a human rights organization. On March 5, 2025, he was appointed as the Adviser to the Ministry of Education in the interim government of Bangladesh.

Odhikar
Odhikar (Bengali: অধিকার) is a Bangladesh-based human rights organization, that was founded in October 1994. It is a member of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH). It has been publishing an annual activity report since 2003. Odhikar's work has been cited by Human Rights Watch in their 2011 World Report on Bangladesh. The goal for establishing Odhikar was to develop human rights alertness and observing violations in Bangladesh.
Björn Fallenius
Björn Fallenius (1957-2023) was a Swedish bridge player, for many years a resident of New York City. He and his late wife Kathy Fallenius operated the Cavendish Bridge Club.

In world championship teams-of-four competition, Fallenius represented Sweden and won bronze medals in the 1987 and 1991 Bermuda Bowls and the 1988 World Team Olympiad. He also won bronze medals in the 1986 and 1998 Rosenblum Cups (on all-Swedish teams, although that quadrennial event is not nationally representative).

In pairs competition, Fallenius and Peter Fredin won the European Bridge League Open Pairs in 2009 and finished second in the 2010 World Open Pairs (silver medal). Fredin and Kathy Fallenius have played together in the World Mixed Pairs.

Rosenblum Cup
Rosenblum Cup is an Open Teams event held every four years as part of the World Bridge Championships. The event was added to the world championships in New Orleans in 1978 to commemorate Julius Rosenblum, who served as president of the World Bridge Federation (WBF) until 1976. A similar event for women, the McConnell Cup, which takes place alongside the Rosenblum Cup was added in 1994.

The full name of this championship is World Open Knockout Teams. The knockout format pertains only to the late stages, however, evidently a six-round knockout with 64 teams in recent renditions. It appears that the field has been divided into sixteen groups for round-robin play, with the top four advancing from each group to the knockout stage.
WNVR
WNVR (1030 kHz, "Polskie Radio Chicago") is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Vernon Hills, Illinois, and serving the Chicago metropolitan area.  WNVR is one of eight stations owned by Polnet Communications. The studios and offices are located at 3656 W. Belmont Ave. in Chicago.

By day, WNVR is powered at 10,000 watts. Because 1030 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A station WBZ in Boston, WNVR must avoid interference.  During critical hours, the power is reduced to 3,200 watts and at night it runs only 120 watts.  It uses a directional antenna with a four-tower array.  The transmitter site is off Illinois Route 176, west of Crystal Lake, Illinois.  Programming is also heard on 70-watt FM translator W296DA at 107.1 MHz in Vernon Hills.

Tower array
A tower array is an arrangement of multiple radio towers which are mast radiators in a phased array. They were originally developed as ground-based tracking radars. Tower arrays can consist of free-standing or guyed towers or a mix of them. Tower arrays are used to constitute a directional antenna of a mediumwave or longwave radio station.

The number of towers in a tower array can vary.
In many arrays all towers have the same height, but there are also arrays of towers of different height. The arrangement can vary. For directional antennas with fixed radiation pattern, linear arrangements are preferred, while for switchable directional patterns (usually for daytime groundwave versus nighttime skywave), square arrangements are chosen.
Thérèse Tietjens
Thérèse Carolina Johanne Alexandra Tietjens (17 July 1831, Hamburg – 3 October 1877, London) was a leading opera and oratorio soprano. She made her career chiefly in London during the 1860s and 1870s, but her sequence of musical triumphs in the British capital was terminated by cancer.

During her prime, her powerful yet agile voice was said to span seamlessly a range of three octaves. Many opera historians consider her to have been the finest dramatic soprano of the second half of the 19th century.

Drury Lane
Drury Lane is a street on the boundary between the Covent Garden and Holborn areas of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. The northern part is in the borough of Camden and the southern part in the City of Westminster. Drury Lane is part of London's West End Theatreland.
Chrząstowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Chrząstowo [xʂɔ̃sˈtɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człuchów, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania.

Chrząstowo was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Człuchów County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)
The Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo pomorskie, German: Woiwodschaft Pommerellen) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1454/1466 until the First partition of Poland in 1772. From 1613 the capital was at Skarszewy (Schöneck).

The voivodeship comprised the westernmost part of the autonomous province of Royal Prussia and, after the Union of Lublin in 1569, the northernmost part of the Greater Poland Province.
Hysmon
Hysmon (Greek: Ὕσμων) was an Ancient Greek pentathlete from Elis.

As a boy, he began to practise the pentathlon as a cure for rheumatism. He won this contest once in the Olympic games and once in the Nemean games, but was excluded from the Isthmian games as an Eleian. He also competed in the pankration, and won an Olympic victory in this event. His statue in the Altis at Olympia, representing him as holding old-fashioned halteres, was the work of Cleon.

Isthmian Games
Isthmian Games or Isthmia (Ancient Greek: Ἴσθμια) were one of the Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, and were named after the Isthmus of Corinth, where they were held. As with the Nemean Games, the Isthmian Games were held both the year before and the year after the Olympic Games (the second and fourth years of an Olympiad), while the Pythian Games were held in the third year of the Olympiad cycle.
Minister for Culture and the Arts (Western Australia)
The Minister for Culture and the Arts is a position in the Cabinet of Western Australia. It was first created in 1971, during the Tonkin government, under the title Minister for Cultural Affairs. That title was retained until 1983, when the title Minister for the Arts was adopted. The current title was adopted in 2001.

The current Minister for Culture and the Arts is David Templeman of the Labor Party, who holds the position as a member of the McGowan Ministry. The minister, who generally also holds other portfolios, is responsible for the state government's Department of Culture and the Arts.

Western Australian Labor Party
The Western Australian Labor Party, officially known as WA Labor, is the Western Australian branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is the current governing party of Western Australia since winning the 2017 state election under Mark McGowan.
The Strange Case of Rachel K
The Strange Case of Rachel K is a 2015 short story collection by American author Rachel Kushner.

The book was released on March 24, 2015 through New Directions Publishing and it consists of three short stories which appeared previously in various literary journals. The two first stories, "The Great Exception" and "Debouchement" are early versions of parts of Rachel Kushner's debut novel Telex from Cuba (2008)

New Directions Publishing
New Directions Publishing Corp. is an independent book publishing company that was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin (1914–1997) and incorporated in 1964. Its offices are located at 80 Eighth Avenue in New York City.
Battle of Southsea
The Battle of Southsea was a series of riots over 4 days in August 1874 over access to a section of Southsea beach. Earlier in 1874, the Clarence Pier Company attempted to connect Clarence Pier to the nearby Assembly Rooms effectively closing public access to the beach between the pier and the Hot Walls in Old Portsmouth. Rioting broke out on Southsea Common as the crowd attempted to reopen the route. The Riot Act was eventually invoked with soldiers from the 9th Regiment helping to dispersing the crowd.

Riot Act
The Riot Act (1 Geo. 1. St. 2. c. 5), sometimes called the Riot Act 1714 or the Riot Act 1715, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which authorised local authorities to declare any group of 12 or more people to be unlawfully assembled and order them to disperse or face punitive action. The act's full title was "An Act for preventing tumults and riotous assemblies, and for the more speedy and effectual punishing the rioters", and it came into force on 1 August 1715. It was repealed in England and Wales by section 10(2) and Part III of Schedule 3 of the Criminal Law Act 1967. Acts similar to the Riot Act passed into the laws of British colonies in Australia and North America, some of which remain in force today.

The phrase "read the riot act" has passed into common usage for a stern reprimand or warning of consequences.
Remembrance of Things Past (play)
Remembrance of Things Past is the 2000 collaborative stage adaptation by Harold Pinter and director Di Trevis of Harold Pinter's as-yet unproduced The Proust Screenplay (1977), a screen adaptation of À la recherche du temps perdu, the 1913–1927 seven-volume novel by Marcel Proust.

In November 2000, the play premiered at the Royal National Theatre, in London, under the direction of Trevis, who also produced and directed it with a student cast at the Victorian College of the Arts Drama School, in Melbourne, Australia, in October 2002.  There also were foreign-language productions of the play in Denmark and Slovenia in 2004.

Victorian College of the Arts
The Victorian College of the Arts (VCA) is the arts school at the University of Melbourne in Australia. It is part of the university's Faculty of Fine Arts and Music (FFAM). It is located near the Melbourne city centre on the Southbank campus of the university. The VCA Film and Television School was founded in 1991, after it assumed ownership and management of the Swinburne Film and Television School.

Courses and training offered at the VCA cover seventeen discipline areas: acting and theatre, composition, creative arts and music therapy, dance, design and production, ethnomusicology, film and television, Indigenous arts and culture, interactive composition, jazz and improvisation, music performance, music psychology, music theatre, musicology, performance teaching, visual art, and writing. The VCA is also home to the Wilin Centre for Indigenous Arts and Cultural Development.

The library on the Southbank campus is known as the Lenton Parr Music, Visual and Performing Arts Library.
Ectoedemia phyllotomella
Ectoedemia phyllotomella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is only known from Liguria and Lucania in northern Italy.

The wingspan is 4.6-5.2 mm. Adults are on wing from April to May. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Quercus cerris. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak or Austrian oak, is an oak native to south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is the type species of Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that usually mature in 18 months.
Nonstop Feeling
Nonstop Feeling is the debut studio album by American hardcore punk band Turnstile. It was released on January 13, 2015, through Reaper Records. The album was reissued on 12" vinyl on September 23, 2016, through Roadrunner Records when the band signed to the label.

Nonstop Feeling sold 1,100 copies in its first week.

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
Northend, Warwickshire
Northend is a village in southern-eastern Warwickshire, England, located roughly halfway between the town of Banbury and the conurbation of Leamington Spa and Warwick. The population taken at the 2011 census can be found under Burton Dassett. Situated at the foot of the Burton Dassett Hills, which contains Burton Dassett Country Park, it is less than a mile east of the M40 motorway. The M40 is about 8 minutes away. There was once a primary school in the village, but this was controversially closed by the LEA due to a claimed lack of pupils, and it has now been converted into a house. There were two churches in the village, a Church of England building, known as the Chapel of Ease, and Northend Methodist Chapel, which has now been converted into a house.

Warwick
Warwick (/ˈwɒrɪk/ WORR-ik) is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Warwickshire in the Warwick District in England, adjacent to the River Avon. It is 9 miles (14 km) south of Coventry, and 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is adjoined with Leamington Spa and Whitnash.

Warwick has ancient origins and an array of historic buildings, notably from the Medieval, Stuart and Georgian eras. It was a major fortified settlement from the early Middle Ages, the most notable relic of this period being Warwick Castle, a major tourist attraction. Much was destroyed in the Great Fire of Warwick in 1694 and then rebuilt with fine 18th century buildings, such as the Collegiate Church of St Mary and the Shire Hall. The population was estimated at 36,665 at the 2021 Census.
David G. Mason
David Gray Mason (August 30, 1942 – April 3, 2022) was an American politician.

Mason was born in New Castle, Kentucky. He lived in Shelbyville, Kentucky, and went to the University of Kentucky College of Law. He was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1973, and served until November 1977, when he resigned to become county attorney for Henry County.

Henry County, Kentucky
Henry County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky bordering the Kentucky River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,678.  Its county seat is New Castle, but its largest city is Eminence. The county was founded in 1798 from portions of Shelby County. It was named for the statesman and governor of Virginia Patrick Henry. Henry County is included in the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Since the 1990s, it has become an increasingly important exurb, especially as land prices have become higher in neighboring Oldham County. With regard to the sale of alcohol, it is classified as a wet county.
A Morning Stroll
A Morning Stroll is an English animated short film by Grant Orchard. The film was screened at the 2011 Brooklyn Film Festival as well as the 2012 Sundance Film Festival where it won Best Animation and the Jury Prize in Animated Short Film respectively. The film was also nominated Best Animated Short Film at the 84th Academy Awards as well as Best Short Animation at the 65th British Academy Film Awards.

The film is loosely based on an event in True Tales of American Life by American author Paul Auster.

Paul Auster
Paul Benjamin Auster (February 3, 1947 – April 30, 2024) was an American writer, novelist, memoirist, poet, and filmmaker. His notable works include The New York Trilogy (1987), Moon Palace (1989), The Music of Chance (1990), The Book of Illusions (2002), The Brooklyn Follies (2005), Invisible (2009), Sunset Park (2010), Winter Journal (2012), and 4 3 2 1 (2017). His books have been translated into more than 40 languages.