hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hurvitz
Hurvitz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Elazar Hurvitz, academic scholar in Talmudic studies

Eliyahu "Eli" Hurvitz (born 1932), Israeli industrialist

Yair Hurvitz (1941–88), Israeli poet

Yigal Hurvitz (1918–94), Israeli politician

Eli Hurvitz (Meridor)
Eli Hurvitz (Hebrew: אלי הורביץ; born 27 November 1970) is an Israeli philanthropist. He is the executive director of the Eddie and Jules Trump Family Foundation, as well as a member of the Israel National Council on Science Education and Artificial Intelligence.

Between 2000 and 2011, Hurvitz served as the deputy director of Yad Hanadiv and the Rothschild Family Foundation. He previously served as an advisor to the Chairman of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee at the Knesset.
Garam Khoon
Garam Khoon (transl. Hot Blood) is a 1980 Hindi-language action film. Produced and written by Tej Nath Zar and directed by A. Salam. The film stars Vinod Khanna, Sulakshana Pandit, Bindu in lead roles and Ajit as main protagonist. The film's music is by Shankar Jaikishan

Nazir Hussain
Nazir Hussain (15 May 1922 – 16 October 1987) was an Indian actor, director and screenwriter. He was famous as a character actor in Hindi cinema and was a pioneer of  Bhojpuri cinema. He acted in almost 500 films, with Dev Anand starring in a large proportion of the films he acted in.
Tensui, Kumamoto
Tensui (天水町, Tensui-machi) was a town located in Tamana District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,918 and the density of 322.07 persons per km2. The total area was 21.48 km2.

On October 3, 2005, Tensui, along with the towns of Taimei and Yokoshima (all from Tamana District), was merged into the expanded city of Tamana and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
Digital fur
Digital fur is the rendering of fur using computer generated imagery techniques. The rendering of fur is technically complex, because of the geometric complexity of modelling the hair strands or grass, the complex interplay of light within the fur volume and the effects of subsurface scattering within the skin.

Digital fur plays a substantial part in the creation of pseudo-photorealistic films such as Cats and The Lion King.

Subsurface scattering
Subsurface scattering (SSS), also known as subsurface light transport (SSLT), is a mechanism of light transport in which light that penetrates the surface of a translucent object is scattered by interacting with the material and exits the surface potentially at a different point. Light generally penetrates the surface and gets scattered a number of times at irregular angles inside the material before passing back out of the material at a different angle than it would have had if it had been reflected directly off the surface.

Subsurface scattering is important for realistic 3D computer graphics, being necessary for the rendering of materials such as marble, skin, leaves, wax and milk. If subsurface scattering is not implemented, the material may look unnatural, like plastic or metal.
Don Adams (boxer)
Don "The Bull" Adams (born c.1930) was a bare-knuckle boxer, from Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire, England. In addition he was known as King of the Gypsies. At least one of his fights was detected by the authorities. Hertfordshire Constabulary reported a planned fight at Holborn Stud Farm on Sunday, 26 October 1975, between Don “The Bull” Adams and Roy “Pretty Boy” Shaw, promoted by Adams’ trainer Tom “The Bear” Brown. Donny Adams's second for the fight was an Ex Royal Air Force policeman named Huw Rees. This fight was banned, but must have taken place later, as Shaw was reported later to have beaten Adams. Shaw won the bout in the first round. Before that fight Adams had 48 bare knuckle fights and won them all.

Adams had three children, a son called Donnie and two daughters, Amanda and Chrystal.

Hertfordshire Constabulary
Hertfordshire Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing the county of Hertfordshire in England. Its headquarters is in Welwyn Garden City. The current chief constable is Andy Prophet. As of March 2019, the force consists of over 1,900 police officers, 235 PCSOs, and over 1500 police staff, as well as being supported by more than 410 special constables.
Liberty Aerospace
Liberty Aerospace, Inc. was a Bahrainian-owned manufacturer of general aviation aircraft based in Melbourne, Florida, United States.

The company, started by British entrepreneur Anthony Tiarks, produced one model, the Liberty XL2, a two-seat touring aircraft based on the British-designed Europa homebuilt airplane. Originally, the XL2 design received FAA production certification in the spring of 2006 and commenced sales in North America and the European market. In early April 2014, Discovery Aviation announced the acquisition of the Liberty XL-2's FAA type certificate, all rights to manufacture the Liberty XL-2 and that the resulting transaction, which saw the former senior management team of Liberty Aerospace join Discovery Aviation, would allow the aircraft to resume production. The Sausalito, California based Discovery Aviation chose to consolidate the companies at the Liberty Aerospace Melbourne, Florida facilities and retired the Liberty Aerospace company name.

Type certificate
A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (type design). Certification confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production is in compliance with applicable airworthiness requirements established by the national air law.

For up to three seats, primary category aircraft certification costs around US$1 million, US$25 million for a general aviation aircraft and hundreds of millions of dollars for a commercial aircraft; certification delays can cost millions of dollars and can decide a program's profitability.
Fan Yanqing
Fan Yanqing (Chinese: 范燕青; born June 1955) is a retired Chinese politician who served as vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) Jiangsu Provincial Committee. He spent much of his career in Wuxi and later in Changzhou, holding a series of leadership positions in municipal and provincial government.

Wuxi
Wuxi (Chinese: 无锡; pinyin: Wúxī, WOO-shee) is a city in southern Jiangsu, China. As of 2024, it had a population of 7,495,000. The city lies in the southern Yangtze delta and borders Lake Tai. Notable landmarks include Lihu Park, the Mt. Lingshan Grand Buddha Scenic Area and its 88-meter (289 ft)-tall Grand Buddha at Ling Shan statue, Xihui Park, Wuxi Zoo, and the Wuxi Museum. Transportation options include Wuxi Shuofang Airport, Wuxi Metro, Shanghai–Nanjing intercity high-speed railway, and Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. Wuxi is home to Jiangnan University.
Irkutsk State University
Irkutsk State University (Russian: Ирку́тский госуда́рственный университе́т) was founded in October 1918 in Irkutsk, Siberia. Nowadays Irkutsk State University is a scientific and educational institution training students in humanities, natural, technical and applied sciences. ISU facilities include 8 educational institutions, 11 faculties, the scientific library that is one of the largest University libraries in Russia. ISU offers bachelor, master, post-graduate programs for more than 18,000 students that have opportunity to specialize under the supervision of world-known scientists.

For decades, Irkutsk University has trained more than 80 thousand specialists, including State Prize winners and writers V. Rasputin, A. Vampilov, and M. Sergeev.

Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.

There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology.
Signe Normand
Signe Normand (born 26 June 1979) is a Danish biologist and educator, specializing in vegetation ecology. Since February 2014, she has been an assistant professor at Aarhus University specializing in Danish flora and vegetation. In March 2015, in recognition for her research on vegetation in the Arctic tundra, she received an International Rising Talent Fellowship, one of the L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
Jia Ruhan
Jia Ruhan (Chinese: 贾茹涵) is a Chinese soprano who performs in plays, as well as in musicals, films, and solo recitals. She was born in Shijiazhuang and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music.

She sang the roles of Queen Mother of Heaven and Guan Yin in the world premiere performance of Damon Albarn's rock opera, Monkey: Journey To The West on 28 June 2007 at the Palace Theatre, Manchester and later reprised the roles at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris in September and October of that year.  In March 2008, she recorded the BBC Olympic Theme Song for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, also composed by Albarn.

Palace Theatre, Manchester
The Palace Theatre is one of the main theatres in Manchester, England. It is situated on Oxford Street, on the north-east corner of the intersection with Whitworth Street. The Palace and its sister theatre the Opera House on Quay Street are operated by the same parent company, Ambassador Theatre Group. The original capacity of 3,675 has been reduced to its current 1,955.
Glasnevin railway station
Glasnevin railway station was a Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) station serving Glasnevin in Dublin, Ireland. Together with nearby Drumcondra railway station, the station operated from 1901 to 1910 on the Drumcondra and North Dublin Link Railway line between Amiens Street (now Connolly) station and Islandbridge. While Drumcondra station re-opened in 1998, Glasnevin's platform was demolished in 1916. Some of the station's red-bricked outbuildings are incorporated into the former Porterhouse North pub on Whitworth Road.

As of 2019, it was proposed to open a new station at Glasnevin, close to (but not on) the site of the former GS&WR station. These proposals called for a station to be built between the Western Commuter and South Western Commuter lines, on the site of the Brian Boru pub, as part of the MetroLink project. The related planning application, submitted in September 2022, included the proposed demolition of the pub.

Porterhouse Brewery
The Porterhouse Brewing Company is a brewing company based in Dublin, Ireland. It was founded in 1996 by cousins Oliver Hughes and Liam Lahart who opened Ireland's first craft brew pub in Dublin. The company's brewery is now in Glasnevin, providing beers to its outlets in Dublin, London and New York. It also sells its products via several supermarket chains. It was reported, in 2023, that Conor McGregor had "agreed to buy the Porterhouse Brewery".
Baxter Lake (New Hampshire)
Baxter Lake is a 302.1-acre (1.223 km2) water body located in Strafford County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Farmington and the city of Rochester. It is part of the Cocheco River watershed, a tributary of the Piscataqua River.

Lake access is from the state launching ramp off Four Rod Road. Once clear of the island, winds are very steady for small boat sailing. Much of the east shoreline is undeveloped.

The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, chain pickerel, and horned pout.

Strafford County, New Hampshire
Strafford County is a county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 census, the population was 130,889. Its county seat is Dover. Strafford County was one of the five original counties identified for New Hampshire in 1769. It was named after William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford in the mistaken belief that he was the ancestor of governor John Wentworth – although they were distantly related, William had no descendants. The county was organized at Dover in 1771. In 1840, the size of the original county was reduced with the creation of Belknap County.

Strafford County constitutes a portion of the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as of the greater Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area. It is estimated to be New Hampshire's county with the highest percentage growth over the 2010–2019 period.
Bedfordshire Yeomanry
The Bedfordshire Yeomanry was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army. Serving intermittently between 1797 and 1827, it was re-raised in 1901 for the Second Boer War. It participated in the First World War before being converted to an artillery regiment. It served in the Second World War (as a heavy and a field artillery regiment). Its lineage was maintained by 201 (Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Yeomanry) Battery, 100th (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery until that unit was placed in suspended animation in 2014.

Squadron (army)
A squadron was historically a cavalry subunit, a company- or battalion-sized military formation. The term is still used to refer to modern cavalry units, and is also used by other arms and services (frequently aviation, also naval). In some countries, including Italy, the name of the battalion-level cavalry unit translates as "Squadron Group".
Kələki
Kələki (also, Kalaki, Kalakik and Kyalaki) is a village and municipality in the Ordubad District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located on the Ordubad-Unus highway, 45 km in the north-east from the district center. People of the village is busy with gardening, vegetable-growing, animal husbandry. There are secondary school, club, library and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 463.

Ordubad District
Ordubad District (Azerbaijani: Ordubad rayonu) is one of the 7 districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The district borders the district of Julfa, as well as the Syunik Province of Armenia, and the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Ordubad. As at 2020, the district had a population of 50,200.
Via Ostiensis
The Via Ostiensis (Italian: via Ostiense) was an important road in ancient Rome. It runs west 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the city of Rome to its important sea port of Ostia Antica, from which it took its name. The road began near the Forum Boarium, ran between the Aventine Hill and the Tiber River along its left (eastern) bank, and left the city's Servian Walls through the Porta Trigemina. When the later Aurelian Walls were built, the road left the city through the Porta Ostiensis (Porta San Paolo). In the Late Roman Empire, trade suffered under an economic crisis, and Ostia declined as an important port. With the accompanying growth of importance of the Via Portuensis from the time of Constantine onwards, that of the Via Ostiensis correspondingly decreased.

Later Roman Empire
In historiography, the Late or Later Roman Empire, traditionally covering the period from 284 CE to 641 CE, was a time of significant transformation in Roman governance, society, and religion. Diocletian's reforms, including the establishment of the tetrarchy, aimed to address the vastness of the empire and internal instability. The rise of Christianity, legalized by Constantine the Great in 313 CE, profoundly changed the religious landscape, becoming a central force in Roman life. Simultaneously, barbarian invasions, particularly by the Goths and the Huns, weakened the Western Roman Empire, which collapsed in 476 CE. In contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire endured, evolving into the Byzantine Empire and laying the foundations for medieval Europe.

This article ends with the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 CE and the beginning of the Byzantine Dark Ages.
2004 British Speedway Championship
The 2004 British Speedway Championship was the 44th edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 7 July at Oxford Stadium in Oxford, England. The Championship was won by Joe Screen, who beat David Norris, Mark Loram and Scott Nicholls in the final heat.

Scott Nicholls
Scott Karl Nicholls (born 16 May 1978) is an English motorcycle speedway rider, who has won the British Championship seven times, and was a full participant in the Speedway Grand Prix series between 2002 and 2008. He earned 8 international caps for the England national speedway team and 27 caps for the Great Britain team. He is also a speedway commentator.
Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles
The United States' Serena Williams and Venus Williams defeated Spain's Anabel Medina Garrigues and Virginia Ruano Pascual in the final, 6–2, 6–0 to win the gold medal in Women's Doubles tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In the bronze medal match, China's Yan Zi and Zheng Jie defeated Ukraine's Alona Bondarenko and Kateryna Bondarenko, 6–2, 6–2. This was the Williams sisters' second Olympic gold medal in Women's Doubles.

The tournament was held from 10 August to 17 August at the Olympic Green Tennis Centre in Beijing, China. The DecoTurf surface rendered the event a hardcourt tournament.

China's Li Ting and Sun Tiantian were the reigning gold medalists, but Li retired from tennis in 2007. Sun partnered with Peng Shuai, but they were defeated in the first round by Belarus' Olga Govortsova and Darya Kustova.

Olga Govortsova
Olga Alekseyevna Govortsova (Belarusian: Вольга Аляксееўна Гаварцова (Volha Alyakseyeuna Havartsova); Ольга Алексеевна Говорцова; born 23 August 1988) is a Belarusian inactive professional tennis player. On 23 June 2008, she achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 35. On 29 August 2011, she peaked at No. 24 in the doubles rankings.
Duke of Cambridge
Duke of Cambridge is a hereditary title of nobility in the British royal family, one of several royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom. The title is named after the city of Cambridge in England. It is heritable by male descendants by primogeniture, and has been conferred five times upon members of the English and later British royal families, three times in the peerage of England and twice in the peerage of the United Kingdom.

The title of Duke of Cambridge, first created in 1660, superseded an earlier title of Earl of Cambridge. The title became extinct several times before being revived in 2011, when Queen Elizabeth II bestowed it on her grandson Prince William on 29 April 2011 upon his marriage to Catherine Middleton. Catherine became known as the Duchess of Cambridge.

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
Order-4 octahedral honeycomb
The order-4 octahedral honeycomb is a regular paracompact honeycomb in hyperbolic 3-space. It is paracompact because it has infinite vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. Given by Schläfli symbol {3,4,4}, it has four ideal octahedra around each edge, and infinite octahedra around each vertex in a square tiling vertex figure.

A geometric honeycomb is a space-filling of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space, like the convex uniform honeycombs. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic uniform honeycombs.  Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.

Circumscribed sphere
In geometry, a circumscribed sphere of a polyhedron is a sphere that contains the polyhedron and touches each of the polyhedron's vertices.  The word circumsphere is sometimes used to mean the same thing, by analogy with the term circumcircle. As in the case of two-dimensional circumscribed circles (circumcircles), the radius of a sphere circumscribed around a polyhedron P is called the circumradius of P, and the center point of this sphere is called the circumcenter of P.
Squirrelheaded catfish
The squirrelheaded catfish (Arius microcephalus) is a species of sea catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1855. It inhabits tropical marine and brackish waters in the western Pacific region, including eastern Thailand and Borneo. It reaches a maximum total length of 60 cm (24 in).

Pieter Bleeker
Pieter Bleeker (10 July 1819 – 24 January 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He was famous for the Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises, his monumental work on the fishes of East Asia published between 1862 and 1877.