hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minichinas Hills
The Minichinas Hills are a group of hills located in east-central parkland region of Saskatchewan, Canada.  The hills are covered with forests of poplar and willows; moreover, there are also some prairie and small lakes.  There are many animals that live in and around these hills such as moose, elk, hawks, bald eagles, geese, ducks and lynx; cougars and black bears have also been spotted.  The hills are an important breeding ground for birds that migrate to the southern United States.  There are several partnerships between Ducks Unlimited Inc, The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Ducks Unlimited Canada to help preserve this area. These hills start from the south, near Kenaston and continue north-east toward Dana, then stop to the north at St. Isidore-de-Bellevue which is a distance of about 100 kilometres.

Aspen parkland
Aspen parkland refers to a very large area of transitional biome between prairie and boreal forest in two sections, namely the Peace River Country of northwestern Alberta crossing the border into British Columbia, and a much larger area stretching from central Alberta, all across central Saskatchewan to south central Manitoba and continuing into small parts of the US states of Minnesota and North Dakota. Aspen parkland consists of groves of aspen, poplar and spruce, interspersed with areas of prairie grasslands, also intersected by large stream and river valleys lined with aspen-spruce forests and dense shrubbery. This is the largest boreal-grassland transition zone in the world and is a zone of constant competition and tension as prairie and woodlands struggle to overtake each other within the parkland.

This article focuses on this biome in North America. Similar biomes also exist in Russia north of the steppes (forest steppe).
Golubye Ruchyi
Golubye Ruchyi (Russian: Голубы́е Ручьи́) is a rural locality (an inhabited locality) under the administrative jurisdiction of the urban-type settlement of Kildinstroy in Kolsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula beyond the Arctic Circle at a height of 10 meters (33 ft) above sea level. Population: 447 (2010 Census).

Kildinstroy
Kildinstroy (Russian: Кильдинстрой) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kolsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula on the lower Kola River, 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) south of Murmansk. Population: 2,063 (2010 Census); 2,861 (2002 Census); 3,731 (1989 Census).

It was founded around 1935. By the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) Resolution of October 1937, it was granted the work settlement status.
Santeri Mäkelä
Aleksanteri (Santeri) Mäkelä (26 March 1870 – 1938) was a Finnish smallholder, writer and politician. Born in Vimpeli, he immigrated to the United States in 1899 and returned to Finland in 1907. Mäkelä was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1910 to 1914 and again from 1917 to 1918, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland. During the Finnish Civil War, he worked in the administration of Red Finland. When the Red side lost the war, he fled to Soviet Russia and joined the Communist Party of Finland (SKP), which was founded by Finnish political refugees on 29 August 1918 in Moscow. He settled in the Soviet Union for the rest of his life, working as a propagandist, as a journalist, as a teacher and in other functions. Mäkelä probably died in prison custody in the Soviet Union in 1938.

Communist Party of Finland
The Communist Party of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP; Swedish: Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) was a communist political party in Finland. The SKP was a section of Comintern and illegal in Finland until 1944.

The SKP was banned by the state from its founding and did not participate in any elections with its own name. Instead, front organisations were used. In the 1920s, the communists took part in the Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (1920–1923) and the Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders (1924–1930). Both of them were also banned. In 1944, a new front, the Finnish People's Democratic League was formed. The SKP controlled these fronts but they always had a prominent minority of non-communist socialists.
Tomato bushy stunt virus
Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is a virus of the tombusvirus family. It was first reported in tomatoes in 1935 and primarily affects vegetable crops, though it is not generally considered an economically significant plant pathogen. Depending upon the host, TBSV causes stunting of growth, leaf mottling, and deformed or absent fruit. The virus is likely to be soil-borne in the natural setting, but can also be transmitted mechanically, for example through contaminated cutting tools. TBSV has been used as a model system in virology research on the life cycle of plant viruses, particularly in experimental infections of the model host plant Nicotiana benthamiana.

Icosahedron
In geometry, an icosahedron (/ˌaɪkɒsəˈhiːdrən, -kə-, -koʊ-/ or /aɪˌkɒsəˈhiːdrən/) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes from Ancient Greek  εἴκοσι (eíkosi) 'twenty' and  ἕδρα (hédra) 'seat'. The plural can be either "icosahedra" (/-drə/) or "icosahedrons".

There are infinitely many non-similar shapes of icosahedra, some of them being more symmetrical than others. The best known is the (convex, non-stellated) regular icosahedron—one of the Platonic solids—whose faces are 20 equilateral triangles.
Axel Gustav Adlercreutz
Axel Gustaf Adlercreutz (2 March 1821 – 20 May 1880) was a Swedish politician, civil servant, President of the Göta Court of Appeal, Minister in the Cabinet, Member of Parliament 1847–1866 and 1877–1880, Prime Minister for Justice 1870–1874.

In 1853 he married Baroness Hedvig Lewenhaupt, with whom he had ten children.

Göta Court of Appeal
The Göta Court of Appeal (Swedish: Göta hovrätt), located in Jönköping, is one of the six appellate courts in the Swedish legal system.

The court was established in 1634 during the regency of Queen Christina. It is the second oldest of the Swedish courts of appeal, after the Svea Court of Appeal (established in 1614). In the beginning, the jurisdiction was Götaland, which in those days also included Värmland. After the second treaty of Brömsebro (1645) and the treaty of Roskilde (1658), the provinces Blekinge, Bohuslän, Halland, and Scania were added. In order to relieve the workload for the Göta court, the Scania and Blekinge Court of Appeal was established in 1820 and the Court of Appeal for Western Sweden in 1948. In 1992, Örebro County was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Göta court.

The building for the Göta court in Jönköping was put into use in 1650 and is the building that has been used the longest time for judiciary purposes in Sweden.
Choi Byung-hyuk
Choi Byung-hyuk (Korean: 최병혁; born 1 January 1963) is a retired Republic of Korea Army lieutenant general. President Yoon Suk Yeol announced his intention to nominate Choi to serve as Minister of National Defense after the resignation of Choi's predecessor Kim Yong-hyun and Kim's imposition of  martial law in December 2024, but rejected the appointment.

Republic of Korea Army
The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA; Korean: 대한민국 육군; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍; RR: Daehanminguk Yukgun), also known as the ROK Army or South Korean Army, is the army of South Korea, responsible for ground-based warfare. It is the largest of the military branches of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces with 400,000 members as of 2025. This size is maintained through conscription: All able-bodied South Korean males must complete military service (18 months for the army, auxiliary police, and marines, 20 months for the navy and conscripted firefighters, 21 months for the air force and social service, and 36 months for alternative service) between the ages of 18 and 35.
Virginia Elena Carta
Virginia Elena Carta (born 24 December 1996) is an Italian professional golfer who plays on the Ladies European Tour. She won the 2016 NCAA Women's Championship individually and received the Honda Sports Award.

Open de France Dames
The Open de France Dames is a women's professional golf tournament in France on the Ladies European Tour. It has been played annually since 1987, with four exceptions: 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1998.

Since the 2011 edition, Lacoste has been the title sponsor of the event. Between 2012 and 2017 the tournament was held at Golf de Chantaco, near Saint-Jean-de-Luz in the Basque Country, which belongs to the Lacoste family. As Chantaco underwent construction works after the 2017 event, the tournament was moved to the Golf du Médoc Resort and later to Golf Barrière Deauville in Normandy.
Ros Simmons
Ros Simmons is a British businesswoman. She was the CEO of Vie at Home, a company for which she worked since it was launched in 1997, starting out as Marketing Director.  In late 2008, Simmons successfully led a management buyout of the company, formerly known as Virgin Vie at Home, from Virgin Group. In December 2010, the company was sold to Helmut Spikker.

Management buyout
A management buyout (MBO) is a form of acquisition in which a company's existing managers acquire a large part, or all, of the company, whether from a parent company or individual. Management and leveraged buyouts became noted phenomena of 1980s business economics and most frequently refer to leveraged transactions where managers take a company private. These transactions, while originating in the United States, later spread to the United Kingdom and throughout the rest of Europe. The venture capital industry has played a crucial role in the development of buyouts in Europe, especially in smaller deals in the UK, the Netherlands, and France.
Scratch My Back (film)
Scratch My Back is a 1920 American silent comedy film produced by Eminent Authors Pictures and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures. Adapted by Rupert Hughes from one of his story, the film was directed by Sidney Olcott with T. Roy Barnes and Helene Chadwick in the leading roles. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

This film is preserved in a copy prepared by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Rupert Hughes
Rupert Raleigh Hughes (January 31, 1872 – September 9, 1956) was an American novelist, film director, Oscar-nominated screenwriter, military officer, and music composer. He was the brother of Howard R. Hughes Sr. and uncle of billionaire Howard R. Hughes Jr. His three-volume scholarly biography of George Washington broke new ground in demythologizing Washington and was well received by historians. A staunch anti-Communist, in the 1940s he served as president of the American Writers Association, a group of anti-Communist writers.
Noisy Outlaws
Noisy Outlaws is a collection of short and long stories by noted authors such as Nick Hornby, Neil Gaiman, Jon Scieszka and others. The collection of short stories was published in 2005 by McSweeney's Books. The inside of the dust jacket cover of the book contains a half-page story, penned by Lemony Snicket, left unfinished as a part of a contest for readers.

Nick Hornby
Nicholas Peter John Hornby (born 17 April 1957) is an English writer. He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch (1992) and novels High Fidelity (1995) and About a Boy (1998), all of which were adapted into feature films. Hornby's work frequently touches upon music, sport, and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists. His books have sold more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2018. In a 2004 poll for the BBC, Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture. He has received two Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay nominations for An Education (2009), and Brooklyn (2015).
Maku (exonym)
Maku (Macu, Máku, Mácu, Makú, Macú) or Maco (Mako, Máko, Macó, Makó) is a pejorative term referring to several hunter-gatherer peoples of the upper Amazon, derived from an Arawakan term ma-aku "do not speak / without speech" (compare the etymologies of the words "Niemcy" and "barbarian"). Nimuendajú (1950), for example, notes six peoples of Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil that are known as 'Maku'.

Cofán language
Cofán or Kofán, known in the language itself as Aʼingae, is the primary language of the Cofán people, an indigenous group whose ancestral territory lies at the interface between the Andean foothills and Amazonia in the northeast of Ecuador (Sucumbíos province) and southern Colombia (Putumayo and Nariño provinces), who call themselves the Aʼi. Although still robustly learned by children in Ecuadorian communities, Cofán is considered an 'endangered' language with estimates of around 1,500 native speakers.
The Coming of Conan
The Coming of Conan is a collection of eight fantasy short stories  by American writer Robert E. Howard, featuring his sword and sorcery heroes Kull and Conan the Barbarian, together with the first part of his pseudo-history of the "Hyborian Age" in which the Conan tales were set. It was first published in hardcover in the United States by Gnome Press in 1953 and by Boardman Books in the United Kingdom in 1954. The stories originally appeared in the 1930s in the fantasy magazine Weird Tales. The collection never saw publication in paperback; instead, its component stories were split and distributed among other "Kull" and "Conan" collections.

Kull of Atlantis
Kull of Atlantis or Kull the Conqueror is a fictional character created by writer Robert E. Howard. The character was more introspective than Howard's subsequent creation, Conan the Barbarian, whose first appearance was in a rewritten version of a rejected Kull story.

His first published appearance was "The Shadow Kingdom" in Weird Tales (August, 1929). Kull was portrayed in the 1997 film Kull the Conqueror by actor Kevin Sorbo. The character has also been featured in comics series published by Marvel Comics, Dark Horse Comics, and Titan Comics.
Spin stiffness
The spin stiffness or spin rigidity is a constant which represents the change in the ground state energy of a spin system as a result of introducing a slow in-plane twist of the spins. The importance of this constant is in its use as an indicator of quantum phase transitions—specifically in models with metal-insulator transitions such as Mott insulators. It is also related to other topological invariants such as the Berry phase and Chern numbers as in the Quantum Hall effect.

Chern class
In mathematics, in particular in algebraic topology, differential geometry and algebraic geometry, the Chern classes are characteristic classes associated with complex vector bundles. They have since become fundamental concepts in many branches of mathematics and physics, such as string theory, Chern–Simons theory, knot theory, and Gromov–Witten invariants.
Chern classes were introduced by Shiing-Shen Chern (1946).
1995–96 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup
The 1995–96 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup was 38th and final edition of the competition, which was refounded the following year as Euroleague Women. It ran from 6 September 1995 to 21 March 1996.

BTV Wuppertal defeated defending champion SG Comense in the final to become the first (and only to date) German team to win the competition since its foundation in 1959. MBK Ružomberok and Bourges Basket also reached the Final Four, with the Slovaks winning the bronze.

MBK Ružomberok
MBK Ružomberok is a women's basketball club in Ružomberok, Slovakia. It was established in 1941 and plays in the elite leagues since 1979 (then in Czechoslovakia). It is the most successful female basketball team in Slovak history. It won three Czechoslovak and 14 Slovak league titles and two EuroLeague Women titles in 1999 and 2000 when Natália Hejková was with the team as its manager (trainer).
2022 Swiss Open Gstaad
The 2022 Swiss Open Gstaad was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 54th edition of the Swiss Open, and part of the ATP Tour 250 Series of the 2022 ATP Tour. It took place at the Roy Emerson Arena in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 18 through 24 July 2022.

Elias Ymer
Elias Ymer (born 10 April 1996) is a Swedish tennis player. Ymer has a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 105, achieved on 11 June 2018. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 188, achieved on 16 October 2017. He is the current No. 1 Swedish singles player.
Green Sky Adventures
Green Sky Adventures, Inc. is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Hawthorne, Florida. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of light aircraft in the form of plans and kits for amateur construction. It was established in 1984.

The company provides plans for the Green Sky Zippy Sport, a single seat strut-braced high wing aircraft, and kits for the Green Sky Adventures Micro Mong biplane design. The company also distributes the HKS 700E and the Rotax line of two-stroke and four-stroke aircraft engines, GSC Systems propellers and AeroLux Propellers.

HKS 700E
The HKS 700E is a twin-cylinder, horizontally opposed, four stroke, carburetted aircraft engine, designed for use on ultralight aircraft, powered parachutes and ultralight trikes. The engine is manufactured by HKS, a Japanese company noted for its automotive racing engines.
Busale
Busale is a rural ward in Kyela District of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. It is also one of the more populous wards in the district. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 10,190 people in the ward, from 9,246 in 2012.: 96 : 114

Located in the western part of Kyela District, Busale is bordered by three wards in the district: Ngana to the south and southwest, Itope to the south and southeast, and Ipande to the east. It is also bordered by Ileje District to the north and to the west.

Ipande
Ipande is an administrative ward in the Kyela district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 5,626 people in the ward, from 8,081 in 2012.: 96 : 112
Nadgrad
Nadgrad (pronounced [nadˈɡɾaːt] or [ˈnaːdɡɾat], in older sources also Nad Gradom, German: Oberschlossberg) is a dispersed settlement in the Pohorje Hills in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Sfalassà Viaduct
Sfalassà Viaduct is a 254-metre-high (833 ft) viaduct near Bagnara Calabra, Calabria, Italy. The bridge is located on Autostrada A2 Salerno-Reggio Calabria Motorway and has a main span of 376 metres. It is the highest and longest span frame bridge in the world and as of 2019 it is among the 50 highest bridges of any type. It is the second highest bridge in Italy after the Italia Viaduct. The Sfalassà Viaduct won the CECM European award three times.

Bagnara Calabra
Bagnara Calabra (or simply Bagnara) is a municipality in the Province of Reggio Calabria in Calabria, Southern Italy. It is located in the hills facing the Tyrrhenian Sea on the southern tip of the region, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. It has a population of 9,164.
Japanese mobile phone culture
In Japan, mobile phones became ubiquitous years before the phenomenon spread worldwide. In Japanese, mobile phones are called keitai denwa (携帯電話), literally "portable telephones", and are often known simply as keitai (携帯).

A majority of the Japanese population own cellular phones, most of which are equipped with enhancements such as video and camera capabilities. As of 2018, 65% of the population owned such devices. This pervasiveness and the particularities of their usage has led to the development of a mobile phone culture, or "keitai culture", which especially in the early stages of mobile phone adoption was distinct from the rest of the world.

FeliCa
FeliCa is a contactless RFID smart card system from Sony in Japan, primarily used in electronic money cards. The name stands for Felicity Card. First utilized in the Octopus card system in Hong Kong, the technology is used in a variety of cards also in countries such as Japan, Indonesia, Macau, the Philippines and the United States.
We Will Be the World Champions
We Will Be the World Champions (Serbian: Бићемо прваци света, Bićemo prvaci sveta) is a 2015 Serbian sports drama film directed by Darko Bajić. It was one of six films shortlisted by Serbia to be their submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards, but lost out to Enclave. The film is based on the true story of the Yugoslavia national basketball team who won the 1970 FIBA World Championship.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Etheostoma
Etheostoma is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae, and within the subfamily Etheostomatinae, native to North America. Most are restricted to the United States, but species are also found in Canada and Mexico. They are commonly known as darters, although the term "darter" is shared by several other genera. Many can produce alarm pheromones that serve to warn nearby fish in case of an attack.

Pheromone
A pheromone (from Ancient Greek  φέρω (phérō) 'to bear' and  hormone) is a chemical that is secreted or excreted by an organism, which triggers a social response in members of the same species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used by many organisms, from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates, plants and ciliates communicate by using pheromones. The ecological functions and evolution of pheromones are a major topic of research in the field of chemical ecology.