hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS), also known as cauda equina syndrome, is a pathologic degeneration in the lumbosacral disk in dogs; affecting the articulation, nerve progression, tissue and joint connections of the disk. This degeneration causes compressions in soft tissues and nerve root locations in the ultimate caudal area of the medulla, causing neuropathic pain in the lumbar vertebrae.

Degeneration (medicine)
Degeneration is deterioration in the medical sense.  Generally, it is the change from a higher to a lower form.  More specifically, it is the change of tissue to a lower or less functionally active form.

True degeneration: when there is actual chemical change of the tissue itself.

Infiltration: when the change consists of the deposit of abnormal matter in the tissues

Degenerative disease
Jane Addams Business Careers Center
Jane Addams Business Careers Center  often referred to as J.A.B.C.C. is one of six Career and Technical speciality schools within Cleveland Metropolitan School District (CMSD).  It is known throughout the city for its exceptional student-operated restaurant, The Executive Grill. Visitors from throughout the city rave about the entrees and desserts, with their creme brulee being a proclaimed "the best in the city". Students apply and must be selected to attend Jane Addams.
The school is named after Jane Addams, the first American Woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize (1931).

Jane Addams Business Careers Center is the only CMSD high school which has been recognized (as a high school, not an elementary-turned into a high school) by the State Department of Education as an Ohio School of Promise for seven consecutive years for meeting the state established goals in reading or math.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Épistre Contenant le Procès Criminel Faict à l'Encontre de la Royne Anne Boullant d'Angleterre
Épistre Contenant le Procès Criminel Faict à l'Encontre de la Royne Anne Boullant d'Angleterre, or A Letter Containing the Criminal Charges Laid Against Queen Anne Boleyn of England, is a 1,318-line poem written in French in 1536, by Lancelot de Carle, secretary to the French ambassador to England, Antoine de Castelnau.

In May 1536, a musician of the royal household, Mark Smeaton, the courtiers Henry Norris, Sir Francis Weston, William Brereton, as well as the queen's brother, George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford, were tried and executed for treason and adultery with Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII. Lancelot de Carle was in London at the time, and was an eyewitness to Anne's trial and execution.

The poem, dated 2 June 1536, details the life and the dramatic events surrounding the arrest, trial and execution of Anne Boleyn, and those accused with her. Although not published until 1545, it does appear to have been widely circulated prior to this.

Francis Weston
Sir Francis Weston (1511 – 17 May 1536) was a gentleman of the Privy Chamber at the court of King Henry VIII of England. He became a friend of the king but was later accused of high treason and adultery with Anne Boleyn, the king's second wife. Weston was condemned to death, together with George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford, Henry Norris, William Brereton and Mark Smeaton. They were all executed on 17 May 1536, two days before Anne Boleyn suffered a similar fate.
Soliman (surname)
Soliman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ahmed Soliman (basketball) (born 1965), former Egyptian basketball player

Angelo Soliman (1721–1796), Austrian intellectual

Azza Soliman (born 1968), Egyptian lawyer and women's rights activist

Karam Soliman (born 1944), American-Egyptian pharmacologist

Mohamed Sabry Soliman (born 1979), Egyptian suspect in the 2025 Boulder fire attack

Mohamed Yousef Soliman (born 1948), Egyptian engineer and professor

Sam Soliman (born 1973), Australian boxer

Soliman Abdel-hady Soliman, Egyptian professor of electrical engineering

Walid Soliman (writer) (born 1975), Tunisian writer, essayist and translator

Walid Soliman (footballer) (born 1984), Egyptian football player

Mohamed Yousef Soliman
Mohamed Yousef Soliman is a professor and the former chairperson of the department of Petroleum Engineering at Texas Tech University. After working for Halliburton for 32 years, he joined Texas Tech in January 2011.
Haokhong Sinaikhu
Haokhong Sinaikhu (ꯍꯥꯎꯈꯣꯡ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯏꯈꯨ) was a warrior of the Khuman clan in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). His story is notably mentioned in the classical Meitei literary work Chainarol (An Account of Combats). He is remembered for his notable duel with the Meitei warrior Tengleimaka Amba. Their combat shows the themes of honour, oath-keeping, and divine justice in Meitei martial tradition.

Sinaikhu's character shows the importance of oaths and honour in ancient Meitei martial ethics, as well as a rare instance of mercy during combat. There is a belief in divine intervention when justice is denied by human actions. His reputation was restored among his people after the truth came to light, showing the value placed on integrity and spiritual faith.

Kangleipak
Kangleipak was an ancient, lesser known civilisation, consisting of the modern day Manipur, India which is still known to some residents as Kangleipak, and other neighbouring regions. The Kangla served as the foremost capital city of this realm from the 15th century BCE, up to medieval times.
Clare Gray
Clare Francis Gray (born 3 June 1997) is a Japanese female handball player for Omron Corporation and the Japanese national team.

She represented Japan at the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship in Spain.

At the 2024 Asian Championship she won gold medals with the Japanese team.

2021 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2021 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 25th event by the International Handball Federation, was held in Spain from 1 to 19  December 2021. On 18 October 2018, at a congress in Doha, Qatar, the IHF announced that the World Championship would be expanded from 24 teams to 32 teams from 2021 onwards.

The Netherlands were the defending champions after winning for the first time in 2019. However, they finished third in their main round group and failed to qualify for the quarterfinals.

Norway defeated France to win their fourth title. Denmark captured the bronze medal by winning against Spain.
Xylorycta haplochroa
Xylorycta haplochroa is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1898. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales and Queensland.

The wingspan is 22–25 mm for males and about 31 mm for females. The forewings are whitish sparsely irrorated with grey scales and grey below the fold. There is a grey dot on the fold below the middle, and a single or double dot in the disc at two-thirds, sometimes obsolete. The hindwings are grey-whitish.

Alfred Jefferis Turner
Alfred Jefferis Turner (3 October 1861 in Canton – 29 December 1947 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) was a pediatrician and amateur entomologist. He was the son of missionary Frederick Storrs-Turner. He introduced the use of diphtheria antitoxin to Australia in 1895, and resided in Dauphin Terrace, Highgate Hill, Brisbane.

The Jefferis Turner Centre for mothercraft was opened in 1952 as part of the Queensland Government's Maternal and Child Welfare program. In 1986, its role was changed to provide short-term respite care for intellectually disabled children. It is located in the heritage building Fairy Knoll in Ipswich.
2009 Box Office Entertainment Awards
The 40th Guillermo Mendoza Memorial Scholarship Foundation Box Office Entertainment Awards (GMMSF-BOEA) is a part of the annual awards in the Philippines held on June 21, 2009. The award-giving body honors Filipino actors, actresses and other performers' commercial success, regardless of artistic merit, in the Philippine entertainment industry.

The yearly event is supposed to be 39th this year, but they believe that it is an unlucky number. Thus they skipped the 39th and renamed the event the 40th instead.

Dyesebel (2008 TV series)
Dyesebel is a 2008 Philippine television drama romance fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is based on a Philippine graphic novel of the same title by Mars Ravelo. Directed by Joyce E. Bernal and Don Michael Perez, it stars Marian Rivera in the title role. It premiered on April 28, 2008 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on October 17, 2008 with a total of 125 episodes.
Greg Jeffries
Gregory Lemont Jeffries (born October 16, 1971) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL) for two teams. He played college football for the Virginia Cavaliers and was selected by the Detroit Lions in the sixth round of the 1993 NFL draft with the 147th overall pick.

1993 NFL draft
The 1993 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 25–26, 1993, at the Marriot Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year, but the New York Giants and Kansas City Chiefs forfeited their first and second round picks, respectively, due to selecting quarterback Dave Brown and defensive end Darren Mickell in the 1992 supplemental draft.

With the first overall pick of the draft, the New England Patriots selected quarterback Drew Bledsoe.
Portucale
Portucale can mean:

Portus Cale, old Roman name of an ancient town and port in current day Portugal, in the area of today's Grande Porto (north of the country)

Portucale, the name by which, at the time of the Suebi and Visigoths, the area of today's Grande Porto was known

County of Portugal, the predecessor of the kingdom of Portugal

Portugal, the European country, whose name derives from Portucale

Porto (also Oporto), a city in northern Portugal and the second largest city in Portugal. The name Porto comes from the Portu root of Portucale
Vila Nova de Gaia, or simply Gaia, a city in Portugal, in the Porto district. The name Gaia comes from the Cale root of Portucale

Vila Nova de Gaia
Vila Nova de Gaia (European Portuguese: [ˈvilɐ ˈnɔvɐ ðɨ ˈɣajɐ] ⓘ), or simply Gaia, is a city and a municipality in Porto District in Norte Region, Portugal. It is located south of the city of Porto on the other side of the Douro River.  The city proper had a population of 178,255 in 2001. The municipality has an area of 168.46 square kilometres (65.04 mi2) and a population of 303,824 inhabitants in 2021, making it the most populous municipality in Norte Region, and the third most populous in the country, after Lisbon and Sintra. Gaia along with Porto and 16 other municipalities make up the Porto metropolitan area.

The city contains many cellars (locally known as "caves") where port wine is stored and aged. These cellars have become a major tourist attraction.
Utkhu
Utkhu (Quechua for cotton, also spelled Ucto, Utco) is a  mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, in the districts of Antabamba and Juan Espinoza Medrano. Utkhu lies northeast of Quri Pawkara.

Juan Espinoza Medrano District
Juan Espinoza Medrano District is one of the seven districts in the province of Antabamba, Peru. The district is named after Juan de Espinosa Medrano, the most prominent figure of the Literary Baroque of Peru.
Feuerland (ship)
Feuerland (from 1929 to 2006 Penelope, in 1982 ARA Penelope while in Argentine service) is a two-masted ketch built in 1927 at the Krämer, Vagt and Beckmann shipyard in Büsum, Germany. It was commissioned by the German naval officer and aviator Gunther Plüschow. The motor sailboat was specially built to explore Patagonia. In 1929 Feuerland was sold to a landowner in the Falkland Islands and was renamed Penelope. After more than fifty years of inter island service, the vessel was seized by the Argentine Navy and used as an auxiliary transport ship during the Falklands War. In 2006 Penelope became once again Feuerland when acquired by German skipper Bernd Buchner and shipped back to Germany, where she was declared a national monument. Feuerland is set for rebuilding as a museum ship as of 2025.

Ketch
A ketch is a two-masted sailboat whose mainmast is taller than the mizzen mast (or aft-mast), and whose mizzen mast is stepped forward of the rudder post. The mizzen mast stepped forward of the rudder post is what distinguishes the ketch from a yawl, which has its mizzen mast stepped aft of its rudder post. In the 19th and 20th centuries, ketch rigs were often employed on larger yachts and working watercraft, but ketches are also used as smaller working watercraft as short as 15 feet, or as small cruising boats, such as Bill Hanna's Tahiti ketches or L. Francis Herreshoff's Rozinante and H-28.
Enos (butterfly)
Enos is a genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae). Among these, it belongs to the tribe Eumaeini of the subfamily Theclinae. These small butterflies occur essentially all over the Neotropics.

This genus has a somewhat convoluted nomenclatorial and taxonomic history. It was established only fairly recently, but most of its members were in fact already known to the 19th century researcher William Chapman Hewitson. Hewitson did not yet recognize their distinctness though, and included them in his "wastebin genus" Thecla. However, the two genera are not particularly close relatives among their subfamily.

Wastebasket taxon
Wastebasket taxon (also called a waste-bin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined by either their designated members' often superficial similarity to each other, or their lack of one or more distinct character states or by their not belonging to one or more other taxa. Wastebasket taxa are by definition either paraphyletic or polyphyletic, and are therefore not considered valid taxa under strict cladistic rules of taxonomy. The name of a wastebasket taxon may in some cases be retained as the designation of an evolutionary grade, however.
Dance Prone
Dance Prone is the second novel by New Zealand author David Coventry. Released in July 2020, the novel examines the post-hardcore scene in the US during the mid-1980s and the traumatic effects of sexual abuse met upon several of the novels characters over the following decades. 'Filtered through a screen of trauma and amnesia' the novel is 'part whodunnit, and part philosophical voyage.'

Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts, or rape, in real time on webcam.

Molestation refers to an instance of sexual assault, especially when perpetrated against a child. The perpetrator is called (often pejoratively) a molester. The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to sexually stimulate any of the involved. The use of a child for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse and, for pubescent or post-pubescent individuals younger than the age of consent, statutory rape.

Sexual abuse can be perpetrated against other vulnerable populations like the elderly, a form of elder abuse, or those with developmental disabilities.
Mark Crick
Mark Crick is a British photographer and author, best known for his literary parodies Kafka's Soup and Sartre's Sink, in which he presents recipes and DIY tips in the style of famous literary writers. Mark Crick is married to Fiona Simmons Crick.

Crick grew up in Basildon. As a child he suffered from chronic asthma which made both eating and sleeping difficult, to which he attributes his love of both reading and cookery.

Crick studied literature at Warwick University and the University of London.

Paul Auster has asked Mark Crick to write a pastiche of Auster's work. Crick says that he felt honoured to be asked but has not yet succeeded.

Paul Auster
Paul Benjamin Auster (February 3, 1947 – April 30, 2024) was an American writer, novelist, memoirist, poet, and filmmaker. His notable works include The New York Trilogy (1987), Moon Palace (1989), The Music of Chance (1990), The Book of Illusions (2002), The Brooklyn Follies (2005), Invisible (2009), Sunset Park (2010), Winter Journal (2012), and 4 3 2 1 (2017). His books have been translated into more than 40 languages.
Battle of Neustadt (1760)
The Battle of Neustadt on 15 March 1760 saw the Prussian army engaged with the Austrian army under Ernst von Laudon during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).  Although the Austrians were left in possession of the town, their losses were much greater than those of the Prussians.

Ernst Gideon von Laudon
Ernst Gideon von Laudon, since 1759 Freiherr von Laudon (originally Laudohn or Loudon; 13 February 1717 – 14 July 1790), was an Austrian military officer of Baltic German descent and one of the most successful opponents of the Prussian king Frederick the Great.
University of Illinois Department of Landscape Architecture
The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign was among the first institutions in the nation to offer an educational program in landscape architecture, with a degree program in place by 1907. It is the only accredited program in the state of Illinois to offer all three landscape degree options, BLA, MLA and Ph.D.

Today, the department sponsors one of the leading graduate-level academic and research programs in the country. The department was particularly influential in the modernization of landscape pedagogy through the teaching of Stanley Hart White, impacting the work of Peter Walker, Hideo Sasaki, Richard Haag, Charles Harris, Philip H. Lewis Jr. and others.

Philip H. Lewis Jr.
Philip Howard Lewis Jr. (September 4, 1925 – July 2, 2017) was an emeritus professor of landscape architecture who promoted the "environmental corridor" concept. He taught for more than 40 years at the University of Illinois (1953–1963) and the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1964–1994). Charles Little, author of Greenways for America, describes Lewis as the "...most inventive (and occasionally controversial) figure in regional landscape planning theory in the country".
Gene Epley
Gene Epley (December 18, 1942 – November 21, 2010) was an American football coach.  He served as the head football coach at Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania from 1972 to 1975 and at Marietta College in Marietta, Ohio from 1991 to 2002, compiling a career college football coaching record of 63–95–3.

Shippensburg University
Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, commonly known as Shippensburg University (Ship or SU), is a public university in the Shippensburg, Pennsylvania area. It is part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education.

Founded in 1871, it later became the first teachers' college in Pennsylvania. Shippensburg University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
Protected and restricted areas of India
The Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order, 1958 states that a Protected Area Permit (PAP) is required for non-Indian citizens to visit certain areas in India (mainly in the Northeast India). Certain requirements have to be fulfilled in order to get this permit. Indian citizens who are not residents in these areas need an Inner Line Permit (ILP) to enter these places. The Inner Line Permit is significantly easier to get.

In addition, the Foreigners (Restricted Areas) Order, 1963 states that a Restricted Area Permit (RAP) is required for non-Indians to visit certain areas in India. As of 2009, RAP are required for visits to parts of the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of the state of Sikkim. Unlike PAP, RAP are generally available for individual travellers and can be issued by overseas embassies or even, in some cases such as Port Blair's Veer Savarkar International Airport, on the spot. Indian citizens do not need special permission to visit restricted areas.

Veer Savarkar International Airport
Veer Savarkar International Airport (IATA: IXZ, ICAO: VOPB) is the primary airport serving the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. It is located about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Port Blair, the capital of the islands. It is named after Indian politician Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 2002. It operates as a civil enclave, sharing airside facilities with INS Utkrosh of the Indian Navy. While the civilian terminals are operated by the Airports Authority of India, air traffic operations are overseen by the Indian Navy.
İdealtepe railway station
İdealtepe railway station (Turkish: İdealtepe istasyonu) is a railway station in Maltepe, Istanbul. Located along Turgut Özal Boulevard and the Sea of Marmara, it was a station on the Haydarpaşa suburban commuter line from 1966 to 2013. The station platforms were rebuilt and expanded for the Marmaray commuter rail system opened on 12 March 2019. Before its demolition, İdealtepe had two side platforms with two tracks. The new station have an island platform with two tracks as well as a third track for express trains.

İdealtepe station was built in 1966 by the Turkish State Railways.

Haydarpaşa suburban
The Haydarpaşa suburban (Turkish: Haydarpaşa banliyösü), also known as the Haydarpaşa-Gebze line (Turkish: Haydarpaşa-Gebze hattı) and numbered as B2, was a commuter rail line operated by the Turkish State Railways, between Haydarpaşa Terminal in Kadıköy to Gebze. Since its opening in 1951, it was the busiest commuter rail line and busiest TCDD service in Turkey, until it was discontinued in 2013.

Electrified in 1969, the line was the second electrified commuter rail service in Turkey, after the Istanbul suburban, operating across the Bosphorus.

The route traversed the southern shore of Istanbul's Asian side, passing through important districts: Kadıköy, Maltepe, Kartal, Pendik and Tuzla. The line then crosses into the Kocaeli Province into Gebze, where it terminates. The State Railways has operated its regional service to Adapazarı and mainline service to Ankara on the line as well, making it one of the busiest rail lines in Turkey, in terms of passengers and number of trains.