hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Charlton Beck
Rev. Henry Charlton Beck (May 26, 1902 – January 16, 1965) was an author, journalist, historian, ordained Episcopal minister and folklorist. He authored six books about New Jersey history, forgotten towns, and regional folklore which were published by E.P. Dutton & Co. and later reprinted by Rutgers University Press. He chronicled vignettes and anecdotal remembrances about such quaint—and often vanished—New Jersey locales as Ong's Hat, Penny Pot, Recklesstown, Apple Pie Hill, Calico, Varmintown, Pickle's Mountain, and Owltown.

"Meaningful names like Shiloh, or Mount Hermon, or Buttermilk Pond stay much longer than those who named them and knew why," he wrote. "Thus I hope always to see, in what there is, at least a wavering shadow of what there used to be." Beck described his curiosity as reflecting "the romance of decadent things."

Mount Hermon, New Jersey
Mount Hermon is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Hope Township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, that was defined as part of the 2010 United States census. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP's population was 141.
Bjarni Haukur Þórsson
Bjarni Haukur Þórsson (transcribed in English as Bjarni Haukur Thorsson; born April 20, 1971) is an Icelandic director, writer, producer, and actor. He is the founder and owner of Thorsson Productions Ltd., an intellectual property based operating company and live entertainment production studio that has developed and produced more than 40 theatrical and broadcasting productions in eight countries around the world since 1996.

Icelanders
Icelanders (Icelandic: Íslendingar) are an ethnic group and nation who are native to the island country of Iceland. They speak Icelandic, a North Germanic language.

Icelanders established the country of Iceland in mid 930 CE when the Alþingi (parliament) met for the first time. Iceland came under the reign of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kings but regained full sovereignty from the Danish monarchy on 1 December 1918, when the Kingdom of Iceland was established. On 17 June 1944, Iceland became a republic. Lutheranism is the predominant religion. Historical and DNA records indicate that around 60 to 80 percent of the male settlers were of Norse origin (primarily from Western Norway) and a similar percentage of the women were of Gaelic stock from Ireland and peripheral Scotland.
Llangammarch Wells
Llangammarch Wells, or simply Llangammarch (Welsh: Llangamarch ⓘ), is a village and community in Powys, Wales, lying on the Afon Irfon, and in the historic county of Brecknockshire (Breconshire).

It is the smallest of the four spa villages of mid-Wales, alongside Llandrindod Wells, Builth Wells and Llanwrtyd Wells. The spa was focused on a barium well, which is now closed.
The old village is centred on the parish church of St Cadmarch, which is a grade II* listed building.

Llangammarch station is on the Heart of Wales Line with trains provided by Transport for Wales. It lies on Route 43 of the National Cycle Network.

Llangammarch Wells Golf Club (now defunct) was founded in 1904. The club and course disappeared in the 1950s.

The community includes the small settlements of Tirabad and Cefn Gorwydd, birthplace of John Penry (1563–1593) the martyr, who was born at Cefn Brith farm. The farmhouse is not the original building.

Mid Wales
Mid Wales (Welsh: Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth, meaning "the midlands"), or Central Wales, is a region of Wales, encompassing its midlands, in-between North Wales and South Wales. The Mid Wales Regional Committee of the Senedd covered the unitary authority areas of Ceredigion and Powys and the area of Gwynedd that had previously been the district of Meirionnydd. A similar definition is used by the BBC. The Wales Spatial Plan defines a region known as "Central Wales" which covers Ceredigion and Powys.

Mid Wales is dominated by the Cambrian Mountains, including the Green Desert of Wales. The region is sparsely populated, with an economy dependent on farming and small businesses.
Giritale Tank
The Giritale tank (Sinhala: ගිරිතලේ වැව) is a reservoir in Giritale and Minneriya in Sri Lanka. It was built by King Agbo II (608-618). It is believed that the tank was renovated by King Parakramabahu, the Great (1153–1186). Later, it was subjected to renovation in 1905, 1942 and 1952 during colonial era.

Giritale Tank was considered as the deepest tank in Sri Lanka during the rule of medieval capital Polonnaruwa.

Minneriya
Minneriya (Sinhala: මින්නේරිය) is a small town in Sri Lanka that is famous for two things — the great Minneriya lake built by King Mahasen and Minneriya National Park which is a hot spot for safari lovers because of its abundance of elephants. Furthermore, it is near the tourist-friendly Habarana and the world heritage sites Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Sigiriya.

The area is home to the Infantry Training Centre as well as a training centre of the Military Police of the Sri Lanka Army. The 6th Artillery Regiment is based at Minneriya along with the SLAF base SLAF Hingurakgoda.
8th Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea
The 8th Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea (Korean: 8차 조선로동당 비서국, romanized: 8-cha Joseon Rodongdang Biseoguk; WPK), officially the Secretariat of the 8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, was elected by the 1st Plenary Session of the 8th Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of the 8th WPK Congress.

8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
The 8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea was elected at the party's 8th Congress on 10 January 2021, and sat until the election of the 9th Central Committee on 22 February 2026. In between party congresses and specially convened conferences the Central Committee is the highest decision-making institution in the WPK and North Korea. The Central Committee is not a permanent institution and delegates day-to-day work to the Presidium, the Politburo, the Secretariat, the Central Military Commission and the Central Auditing Commission. It convenes meetings, known as "Plenary Session of the [term] Central Committee", to discuss major policies. Only full members have the right to vote, but if a full member cannot attend a plenary session, the person's spot is taken over by an alternate. Plenary session can also be attended by non-members, such meetings are known as "Enlarged Plenary Session", to participate in the committee's discussions.
Self-condensation
In organic chemistry, self-condensation is an organic reaction in which a chemical compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) acts both as the electrophile and the nucleophile in an aldol condensation. It is also called a  symmetrical aldol condensation as opposed to a mixed aldol condensation in which the electrophile and nucleophile are different species.

For example, two molecules of acetone condense to a single compound mesityl oxide in the presence of an ion-exchange resin:

2 CH3COCH3  →  (CH3)2C=CH(CO)CH3 + H2O

For synthetic uses, this is generally an undesirable, but spontaneous and favored side-reaction of mixed aldol condensation, and special precautions are needed to prevent it.

Electrophile
In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.

Electrophiles mainly interact with nucleophiles through addition and substitution reactions. Frequently seen electrophiles in organic syntheses include cations such as H+ and NO+, polarized neutral molecules such as HCl, alkyl halides, acyl halides, and carbonyl compounds, polarizable neutral molecules such as Cl2 and Br2, oxidizing agents such as organic peracids, chemical species that do not satisfy the octet rule such as carbenes and radicals, and some Lewis acids such as BH3  and DIBAL.
Nicolás Xiviller
Nicolás Xiviller (born 11 November 1998) is an Uruguayan tennis player.

Xiviller has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 1,308 achieved on 19 June 2017 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 991 achieved on 7 August 2017.

Xiviller represents Uruguay at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 3–0.

Uruguay Davis Cup team
The Uruguay national tennis team represents Uruguay in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Asociación Uruguaya de Tenis.

Uruguay had been playing in Group II since being relegated in 1996. In 2007, they won the Americas Zone Group II final against Paraguay without losing a rubber, and now competes in the Americas Zone Group I since 2019. In September 2019, the Uruguayan Davis Cup team defeated the Dominican Republic, winning entry into the highest Davis Cup tier, the 2020 Davis Cup World Group I.
De Vere Northumberland Seniors Classic
The De Vere Northumberland Seniors Classic was a men's professional golf tournament on the European Seniors Tour from 1995 to 2005. Until 2002 it was called the De Vere Hotels Seniors Classic.The tournament was held at Belton Woods near Grantham from 1995 to 1998, Ferndown Golf Club, Ferndown, Dorset in 1999 and 2000, and Slaley Hall, near Hexham, Northumberland from 2001 to 2005.

Hexham
Hexham (/ˈhɛksəm/ HEKS-əm) is a market town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, on the south bank of the River Tyne, formed by the confluence of the North Tyne and the South Tyne at Warden nearby, and close to Hadrian's Wall. Hexham was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district from 1974 to 2009. In 2011, it had a population of 13,097.

Smaller towns and villages around Hexham include Corbridge, Riding Mill, Stocksfield and Wylam to the east, Acomb and Bellingham to the north, Allendale to the south and Haydon Bridge, Bardon Mill and Haltwhistle to the west. Newcastle upon Tyne is 25 miles (40 km) to the east and Carlisle 37 miles (60 km) to the west.
Costa Rica–Peru relations
Costa Rica–Peru relations (Spanish: Relaciones Costa Rica-Perú) are the bilateral and historical relations between the Republic of Costa Rica and the Republic of Peru. Both countries are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Latin Union, the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the Cairns Group.and the United Nations (and its Group of 77)

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) is a bloc of Latin American and Caribbean states, consisting of 33 countries, and has five official working languages. It is seen as an alternative to the Organization of American States (OAS), and includes all OAS member states (except the United States and Canada) plus includes the nations of Nicaragua and Cuba. Initially proposed on February 23, 2010, at the Rio Group–Caribbean Community Unity Summit, CELAC is seen as the successor of the Rio Group and the Latin American and Caribbean Summit on Integration and Development (CALC). CELAC was created to deepen Latin American integration and to reduce hegemony within the politics and economics of the region. The date of creation was on December 3, 2011, in Caracas, Venezuela, with the signing of the Declaration of Caracas. As of 2013, CELAC possesses a population of roughly 600 million.
Bluff Downs giant python
The Bluff Downs giant python (Liasis dubudingala) is an extinct species of snake from Queensland, Australia, that lived during the Early Pliocene. Named in 2002, Liasis dubudingala was likely the biggest snake found in Australia, with a total length of up to 9 m (30 ft). This length rivals the largest extant snake species, the reticulated python from Asia and the green anaconda from South America. It may have fed on larger prey such as juvenile diprotodontids, but it is also possible that it was a skilled climber capable of catching birds and arboreal marsupials.

Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Palacio de La Cava
The Palacio de los Duques de Maqueda, also known as Palacio de La Cava is a palace located in Toledo, in Castile-La Mancha, Spain. In the vicinity of the Puerta del Cambrón and the Monastery of San Juan de los Reyes was this palace built by the Cárdenas family, Dukes of Maqueda and magistrates of Toledo between the 16th and 18th centuries. Of the remains that are conserved it emphasizes the portal, a unique one of Mudéjar style built in the 14th century.

According to legend, Florinda Cava, the Count Don Julián's daughter, thanks to her love relationship with Don Rodrigo allowed the Muslim occupation in Spain. But if so it is also argued that Muley Hazen lost the throne of Granada due to his weariness in the love affair with the Christian lady Isabel de Solís.

It is a private property, so it cannot be visited inside.

Puerta del Cambrón
The Puerta del Cambrón is a gate located in the west sector of the Spanish city of Toledo, in Castile-La Mancha. Also called previously "Gate of the Jews" or "Gate of Saint Leocadia", has been speculated The possibility that the name of the gate, del Cambrón, had its origin in the growth of a thorn bush or plant at the top of the ruins of one of the towers, before the last reconstruction of the gate, In 1576. It has the cataloging of Bien de Interés Cultural.
Friske
Friske is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Donald Fiske (born 1961), American politician and businessman

Jeanna Friske (1974–2015), Russian actress, singer and model

Neil Friske (born 1961), American politician

Richard Friske (1923–2002), American politician

Elisabeth Friske (1939 or 1940–1987), West German airline pilot

Elisabeth Friske
Elisabeth Friske (1939/1940 – 31 May 1987) was a West German commercial airline pilot. She was the first female commercial airline pilot in West Germany, and one of the first women to fly commercially anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.
Dehtáře
Dehtáře is a municipality and village in Pelhřimov District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

Dehtáře lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Pelhřimov, 25 km (16 mi) north-west of Jihlava, and 91 km (57 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Non-aggression principle
The non-aggression principle (NAP) is a concept in which "aggression" – defined as initiating or threatening any forceful interference with an individual, their property or their agreements (contracts) – is illegitimate and should be prohibited. Interpretations of the NAP vary, particularly concerning issues like intellectual property, force, and abortion.

Like the Golden Rule, the Non-Aggression Principle follows an ethics of reciprocity, in the sense that whether a person's action is permissible, depends upon the preceding actions of others.

The non-aggression principle is considered by some to be a, or even the, defining principle of libertarianism. It is a common principle among libertarians of both minarchist and anarchist beliefs.

Force (law)
In law, force means lawful violence, or lawful compulsion. "Forced entry" is an expression falling under the category of unlawful violence; "in force" or "forced sale" would be examples of expressions in the category of lawful compulsion.

When something is said to have been done "by force", it usually implies that it was done by actual or threatened violence ("might"), not necessarily by legal authority ("right").

"Force of arms" is a special case that can be an example of unlawful violence or lawful compulsion dependent on who is exercising the violence (or threat thereof) and their legal right and/or responsibility to do so.

When one citizen threatens another with a weapon without being in danger from the person he or she is threatening, this would be an example of the unlawful expression of force of arms. The same threat expressed by police officer making a lawful arrest would typically be considered lawful compulsion, due to the state having a monopoly on violence.
Kuusela
Kuusela is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Walter Kuusela (1903–1985), Finnish farmworker, farmer and politician

Keijo Kuusela (1921–1984), Finnish ice hockey players

Seppo Kuusela (1934–2014), Finnish basketball player, basketball coach, and handball player

Armi Kuusela (born 1934), Finnish beauty queen, Miss Universe 1952

Martti Kuusela (born 1945), Finnish football manager

Matti Kuusela (born 1956), Finnish journalist

Panu Kuusela (born 1979), Finnish footballer

Kristian Kuusela (born 1983), Finnish professional ice hockey player

Joonas Kuusela (born 1990), Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender

Armi Kuusela
Armi Helena Kuusela-Williams (née Kuusela, formerly Kuusela-Hilario; born 20 August 1934) is a Finnish-American beauty queen and philanthropist, best known for being the first-ever Miss Universe. In 1952, she gained national recognition by winning the Finnish beauty contest, Suomen Neito, which qualified her to represent Finland in the inaugural Miss Universe pageant held in Long Beach, California. Following her historic win, Kuusela dedicated her life to philanthropy, business, and cultural ambassadorship. Through the years, she became actively involved in numerous charitable organizations and was honored for her contributions to various causes.
Beram
Beram (Italian: Vermo, German: Burgerdorf [obsolete]) is a small village located in the Croatian county of Istria. It is part of the municipality of Pazin and is situated approximately five kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of the town, on the road to Poreč. The village has a population of about 250 inhabitants. It is well-known for its Biblia pauperum ('the paupers' Bible') and the Danse Macabre ('Dance of Death') fresco in the Church of Maria im Fels ('Mary in the Rock').

The name of the village dates to pre-Roman times, and the castle of Beram was originally called Verm, which led to the Italian place name, Vermo. The German castle's name was Berm, and it was from this name that the Slavic name Beram was derived.

Biblia pauperum
The Biblia pauperum (Latin for "Paupers' Bible") was a tradition of picture Bibles beginning probably with Ansgar, and a common printed block-book in the later Middle Ages to visualize the typological correspondences between the Old and New Testaments. Unlike a simple "illustrated Bible", where the pictures are subordinated to the text, these Bibles placed the illustration in the centre, with only a brief text or sometimes no text at all. Words spoken by the figures in the miniatures could be written on scrolls coming out of their mouths. To this extent one might see parallels with modern comics.

The tradition is a further simplification of the Bible moralisée tradition, which was similar but with more text. Like these, the Biblia pauperum was usually in the local vernacular language, rather than Latin.
Yury Buida
Yury Vasilyevich Buida (Russian: Юрий Васильевич Буйда) (born 1954) is a Russian author. In 1994 his novel The Zero Train was shortlisted for the Russian Booker Prize. His short story collection The Prussian Bride won the Apollon Grigoriev Prize in 1999, and its translation by Oliver Ready won the Rossica Translation Prize in 2005.

Apollon Grigoryev
Apollon Aleksandrovich Grigoryev (Russian: Аполло́н Алекса́ндрович Григо́рьев, IPA: [ɐpɐˈlon ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑ ɡrʲɪˈɡorʲjɪf] ⓘ; 20 July 1822 – 7 October 1864) was a Russian poet, literary and theatrical critic, translator, memoirist and author of popular art songs.
Women's football in Sudan
Women in Sudan were not allowed to officially participate in sports such as football, until the revolution of 2018–19 abolished the former restrictive public order laws. In September 2019, a women's league with 21 teams from different cities in Sudan was established, with Wala'a Essam al-Boushi, the Sudanese Minister of Youth and Sport, saying the transitional government will "make women's sports one of the pillars of the country's development."

Wala'a Essam al-Boushi
Walaa Issam ElBoushi (also: Wala'a, Walla, Isam, Essam, al-Bushi, al-Boushi, el-Boushi; Arabic: ولاء عصام البوشي) is a Sudanese activist who became the Sudanese Minister of Youth and Sport in early September 2019 in the Transitional Cabinet of Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, during the 2019 Sudanese transition to democracy.
Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum
Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum (transl. the Leopards and Lamb) is a 2013 Malayalam-language action comedy film directed by Lal Jose and written by M. Sindhuraj. It stars Kunchacko Boban and Namitha Pramod, alongside Suraj Venjaramoodu,Irshad, Joju George, Shiju, Harisree Ashokan, Anusree and Shammi Thilakan. The film tackles social issues in Kuttanad, through the tale of a hapless youth.

Shiju AR
Shiju Abdul Rasheed (born 4 August 1974), known as Shiju AR, is an Indian actor who works mainly in Malayalam and Telugu films.  He is also known by stage name Devi Shiju in Telugu films as he played a lead role in Kodi Ramakrishna's  Devi. He has appeared in more than 50 films in Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, English and several popular TV series in Malayalam. Shiju made a comeback to Malayalam mini screen through Neeyum Njanum serial in Zee Keralam.
Private School Athletic League
Private School Athletic League is a high school athletic conference that is part of the CIF Central Coast Section of the California Interscholastic Federation.  It comprises 16 small private and/or charter high schools generally between San Jose and San Francisco along the San Francisco Peninsula.

California Interscholastic Federation
The California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) is the governing body for high school sports in the U.S. state of California. CIF membership includes both public and private high schools. Unlike most other state organizations, it does not have single, statewide championships for all sports; instead, for some sports, the CIF's 10 Sections each have their own championships.

Six schools near the state border are members of adjacent state's associations. San Pasqual Valley High School is part of the Arizona Interscholastic Association. Coleville High School, Needles High School, North Tahoe High School, South Tahoe High School and Truckee High School are part of the Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association.
Oz (TV series)
Oz is an American prison drama television series created, co-executive produced, and principally written by Tom Fontana. Set at a fictional men's prison, it was the first one-hour dramatic television series produced by the premium cable network HBO. Oz ran for six seasons, from its premiere on July 12, 1997, to its series finale on February 23, 2003.

Prison film
A prison film is a film genre concerned with prison life and often prison escape. These films range from acclaimed dramas examining the nature of prisons, such as A Man Escaped, Cool Hand Luke, Midnight Express, Brubaker, Escape from Alcatraz, The Shawshank Redemption, and Kiss of the Spider Woman to actioners like Lock Up and Undisputed, and even comedies satirizing the genre like Stir Crazy, Life, and Let's Go to Prison. Prison films have been asserted to be "guilty of oversimplifying complex issues, the end result of which is the proliferation of stereotypes". For example, they are said to perpetuate "a common misperception that most correctional officers are abusive", and that prisoners are "violent and beyond redemption".