hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Higashichikuma District, Nagano
Higashichikuma (東筑摩郡, Higashichikuma-gun) is a district located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 1, 2011, the district has an estimated population of 23,044 with a density of 85.85 persons per km2. The total area is 268.42 km2. Northern Higashichikuma has its population increased, while Southern Higashichikuma has theirs decreased.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Hocheng Hong
Hocheng Hong (Chinese: 賀陳弘; pinyin: Hèchén Hóng) is a Taiwanese academic and mechanical engineer. He served as the Deputy Minister of the National Science Council of the Executive Yuan from 2012 to 2014 and is the current president of National Tsing Hua University. He is the younger brother of Hochen Tan.

Executive Yuan
The Executive Yuan (Chinese: 行政院; pinyin: Xíngzhèng Yuàn) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China, known commonly as Taiwan, which formerly ruled mainland China until 1949.

The Executive Yuan was founded in 1928. Under the amended constitution, the head of the Executive Yuan is the Premier who is positioned as the head of government and has the power to appoint members to serve in the cabinet, while the ROC President is the head of state under the semi-presidential system, who can appoint the Premier and nominate the members of the cabinet. The Premier may be removed by a vote of no-confidence by a majority of the Legislative Yuan, after which the President may either remove the Premier or dissolve the Legislative Yuan and initiate a new election for legislators.
Paul Fourmarier
Paul Frédéric Joseph Fourmarier (1877—1970) was a Belgian geologist and specialist in tectonics and stratigraphy, after whom the Fourmarierite mineral is named.

Fourmarier was born in La Hulpe, Province of Brabant, Belgium and studied at the University of Liège, graduating in 1899. He became a professor of geology at the university in 1920.

He won the Wollaston Medal in 1957 and the Penrose Gold Medal in 1952.

Penrose Gold Medal
The R.A.F. Penrose Gold Medal was established in 1923 and is awarded by the Society of Economic Geologists (SEG) to recognize a full career in the performance of "unusually original work in the earth sciences". The medal was donated by American geologist and founding President of the SEG Richard A.F. Penrose Jr. At the time of its donation, Penrose was explicit in his desire that the medal be awarded for achievements in pure geological science, rather than in the application of science to the discovery of mineral deposits.
Ice pond
An ice pond is a large volume of ice or snow produced by natural winter freezing. The ice is then used for cooling or air conditioning.

Before refrigeration was common, ice ponds were mined by ice companies, with product transported to consumers and food businesses through much of the year. Refrigeration technology replaced this technology.

In more recent times, ice ponds have been revived as an environmentally friendly way to air condition buildings in the summer.  The best known experiment is the 'Princeton ice pond' by Ted Taylor in 1981.  He then persuaded the Prudential Insurance Company to use a bigger pond to provide air conditioning for a larger building.  Taylor also investigated the possibility of using the technology for water purification, which he demonstrated during a non-fiction segment on the 1984 educational series The Voyage of the Mimi.

Summer
Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and darkness hours are the shortest, with day length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunrises and latest sunsets also occur near the date of the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to definition, climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
Two Serenades
The Two Serenades, Op. 69, are concertante compositions for violin and orchestra, written from 1912 to 1913 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. They are the:

Serenade No. 1 in D major, Op. 69a. Andante assai

Serenade No. 2 in G minor, Op. 69b. Lento assai

The Two Serenades premiered on 8 December 1915 during the composer's semicentennial celebration. Sibelius conducted the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra; the soloist was Polish-American violinist Richard Burgin. Also on the program was the initial version of the Symphony No. 5 in E-flat major (Op. 82), as well as the tone poem The Oceanides (Op. 78).

Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra
The Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra (Finnish: Helsingin kaupunginorkesteri; Swedish: Helsingfors stadsorkester; literal English translation: Helsinki City Orchestra; commonly abbreviated as HPO) is an orchestra based in Helsinki, Finland.  Founded in 1882 by Robert Kajanus, the Philharmonic Orchestra was the first permanent orchestra in the Nordic countries. Today, its primary concert venue is the Helsinki Music Centre; the current chief conductor is Jukka-Pekka Saraste, who has held his post since the start of the 2023–24 season..
Nicholas Ward (MP for Downpatrick)
Nicholas Ward (born 1630) was an Irish politician.

He was the oldest son of Bernard Ward and his wife Anne, daughter of Richard West. In 1661, he entered the Irish House of Commons, sitting for Downpatrick until 1666.

He married Sarah Buckworth, daughter of Theophilius Buckworth, and had by her two daughters and five sons. His grandson was Michael Ward.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Balsys
Balsys is the masculine form of a Lithuanian surname. Its feminine forms  are: Balsienė (married woman or widow) and Balsytė (unmarried woman). Notable people with the surname include:

Eduardas Balsys, Lithuanian composer

Linas Balsys (born 1976), Lithuanian Paralympics athlete

Lithuanian name
A Lithuanian personal name, as in most European cultures, consists of two main elements: the given name (vardas) followed by the family name (pavardė). The usage of personal names in Lithuania is generally governed (in addition to personal taste and family custom) by three major factors: civil law, canon law, and tradition. Lithuanian names always follow the rules of the Lithuanian language. Lithuanian male names have preserved the Indo-European masculine endings (-as; -is; -us). These gendered endings are preserved even for foreign names.
Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging (OPS imaging) is a method for imaging small blood vessels in tissue like the nail bed or lip.

It uses a light source of linearly polarized light with a wavelength of 550 nanometers, an isosbestic point for hemoglobin, thus imaging the erythrocytes as they are flowing through the small blood vessels. The reflected light orthogonal (at a 90° angle) to the emitted light is recorded, thus eliminating direct reflections. The depolarized light forms an image of the microcirculation on a charge-coupled device (CCD), which can be captured through single frames or on videotape. The image produced is as if the light source is actually placed behind the desired target or transilluminated.

It has been validated, even under low hematocrit circumstances.

Isosbestic point
In spectroscopy, an isosbestic point is a specific wavelength, wavenumber or frequency at which the total absorbance of a sample does not change during a chemical reaction or a physical change of the sample. The word derives from two Greek words: "iso", meaning "equal", and "sbestos", meaning "extinguishable".
2018 Google data breach
The 2018 Google data breach was a major data privacy scandal in which the Google+ API exposed the private data of over five hundred thousand users.

Google+ managers first noticed harvesting of personal data in March 2018, during a review following the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal. The bug, despite having been fixed immediately, exposed the private data of approximately 500,000 Google+ users to the public. Google did not reveal the leak to the network's users. In November 2018, another data breach occurred following an update to the Google+ API. Although Google found no evidence of failure, approximately 52.5 million personal profiles were potentially exposed. In August 2019, Google declared a shutdown of Google+ due to low use and technological challenges.

Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.
Top Cooku Dupe Cooku season 2
Top Cooku Dupe Cooku season 2 is the second season of the Tamil reality comedy cooking TV show Top Cooku Dupe Cooku. The season premiered on 17 August 2025 on Sun TV and digitally on Sun NXT. This season is judged by Chef Venkatesh Bhat and Chef Rammohan. This season is hosted by VJ Rakesh and Sivaangi Krishnakumar.

This season was ended at 14th December 2025 with 39 Episodes. The Title Winner is Besant Ravi while Preetha as the runner up of the show.

Sivaangi Krishnakumar
Sivaangi Krishnakumar (born 25 May 2000) is an Indian actress, comedian playback singer and television personality. In 2019, she participated in the Tamil singing competition Super Singer 7, which aired on Star Vijay. In 2020, she appeared in the comedy-cooking show, Cooku With Comali, which gained her popularity. She is the daughter of Kalaimamani award-winners Dr. K. Krishnakumar and Binni Krishnakumar. She has acted in films such as Don (2022), Naai Sekar Returns (2022) and Shot Boot Three (2023). She made her debut as a singer in the Malayalam film Boyy Friennd (2005) with the song "Omane".
Mateo Iturralde
Mateo Iturralde is a corregimiento in San Miguelito District, Panamá Province, Panama with a population of 11,496 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 13,662; its population as of 2000 was 12,607.

Corregimientos of Panama
In Panama, a corregimiento is a subdivision of a district, which in turn is a subdivision of a province. It is the smallest administrative division level in the country; which is further subdivided into populated places/centres. As of 2012, Panama is subdivided into a total of 693 corregimientos, since several of these were created in the province of Bocas del Toro and the indigenous region (comarca indígena) of Ngäbe-Buglé.
ASD Football Club Matese
Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Football Club Matese, commonly referred to as F.C. Matese (Italian pronunciation: [maˈteːze, -eːse]; also stylised as FC Matese), is a football club based in Sepicciano, a frazione of Piedimonte Matese, in Campania, Southern Italy. The club competes in the Molise division of the Eccellenza, the fifth tier of the Italian football league system, following relegation from Serie D in the 2023–24 season.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
Peled
Peled or Pelled (Hebrew: פלד, "steel") is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abe Peled, Israeli businessman

Amit Peled

Benny Peled (1928–2002), commander of the Israeli Air Force

Doron A. Peled

Efrat Peled

Elad Peled (1927–2021), Israeli general

Esther Peled, Israeli writer and psychologist

Martin Peled-Flax

Mattityahu Peled (1923–1995), Israeli military officer, scholar, and peace activist

Micha Peled

Miko Peled (born 1961), Israeli peace activist and author

Moshe Peled (disambiguation), multiple persons

Natan Peled (1913–1992), Israeli politician

Nurit Peled-Elhanan, Israeli peace activist, daughter of Mattiyahu

Paulina Peled (born 1950), Israeli tennis player

Sariel Har-Peled

Yaron Peled

Yossi Peled (born 1941), Israeli general and politician

Doron A. Peled
Doron A. Peled (Hebrew: דורון  אנשל פלד; born 1962) is a computer science Professor at Bar-Ilan University.
His research interests include formal methods, model checking, program synthesis and runtime verification.
With Edmund M. Clarke and Orna Grumberg, he is the coauthor of the book Model Checking (MIT Press, 1999)
and the author of the book Software Reliability Methods (Springer Verlag, 2000).
Derek Humphry
Derek Humphry (29 April 1930 – 2 January 2025) was a British and American journalist and author. He was a proponent of legal assisted suicide and the right to die. In 1980 he co-founded the Hemlock Society and in 2004 after the Society dissolved, he co-founded Final Exit Network. From 1988 to 1990 he was president of the World Federation of Right to Die Societies. As of 2007 he was the president of the Euthanasia Research & Guidance Organization (ERGO).

Humphry was the author of the related books Jean's Way (1978), The Right to Die: Understanding Euthanasia (1986), and Final Exit: The Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the Dying (1991).

Right to die
The right to die is a concept rooted in the belief that individuals have the autonomy to make fundamental decisions about their own lives, including the choice to commit suicide or undergo voluntary euthanasia, central to the broader notion of health freedom. This right is often associated with cases involving terminal illnesses or incurable pain, where assisted suicide provides an option for individuals to exercise control over their suffering and dignity.

The debate surrounding the right to die frequently centers on the question of whether this decision should rest solely with the individual or involve external authorities, highlighting broader tensions between personal freedom and societal or legal restrictions.

Religious views on the matter vary significantly, with some traditions such as Hinduism (Prayopavesa) and Jainism (Santhara) permitting non-violent forms of voluntary death, while others, including Catholicism, Islam and Judaism, consider suicide a moral transgression.
Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1978–79
The India national cricket team toured Pakistan during the 1978–79 cricket season. They played three Test matches against the Pakistan cricket team, with Pakistan winning the series 2–0. The tour also featured three One Day International (ODI) matches. In the third match, India's captain, Bishen Bedi, conceded the game in protest against Sarfraz Nawaz short-pitched bowling. It was the first time an international cricket match had ended in this way. India also played six tour matches, all of which were first-class fixtures.

Sarfraz Nawaz
Sarfraz Nawaz Malik (Punjabi, Urdu: سرفراز نواز ملک) (born 1 December 1948) is a former Pakistani Test cricketer and politician, who was instrumental in Pakistan's first Test series victories over India and England. Between 1969 and 1984, he played 55 Tests and 45 One Day Internationals and took 177 Test wickets at an average of 32.75. He is known as one of the earliest exponents of reverse swing.
Australian Automotive Aftermarket Association
The Australian Automotive Aftermarket Association (AAAA) is an automotive industry association that represents the automotive aftermarket parts and accessories industry and companies that are involved in manufacturing, re-manufacturing, wholesaling, distributing and retailing of vehicle parts, tools, equipment, accessories and services. Established in 1980, the AAAA represents the interests of businesses in this particular market segment on a national level.

The association is a not-for-profit organisation and provides members with access to a number of services and business development initiatives. The AAAA now represents over 2,300 members through a range of advocacy activities to promote their interests within Australia and overseas.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Oleksandr Syrskyi
Oleksandr Stanislavovych Syrskyi (Ukrainian: Олександр Станіславович Сирський; born 26 July 1965) is a Ukrainian military officer holding the rank of four-star general who has served as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since 8 February 2024. Previously, he was the commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces from 2019 to 2024, and the commander of the Joint Forces Operation from May to August 2019.

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Syrskyi commanded the defence of Kyiv. In September 2022, he commanded the Kharkiv counteroffensive. He then led the defense of Bakhmut into 2023.

Hero of Ukraine
A Hero of Ukraine (abbr.  HOU; Ukrainian: Герой України, romanized: Heroi Ukrainy) is the highest national decoration that can be conferred upon an individual citizen by the president of Ukraine.

The decoration was created in 1998 by President Leonid Kuchma. As of January 26, 2026, the total number of recipients was no less than 1,255 (of which decrees awarding 1,216 individuals were published, and for at least 39 individuals, the decrees were not made public).

The decoration is granted to two classes of recipients: to civilians, the Order of the State (abbr.  OS, Ukrainian: Орден Держави, romanized: Orden Derzhavy); and to military recipients, the Order of the Gold Star (abbr.  OGS, Орден «Золота Зірка», Orden "Zolota Zirka").

The first foreigner awarded the decoration was Belarusian Mykhailo Zhyznevskyi in June 2017.
Hundvåkøy Church
Hundvåkøy Church (Norwegian: Hundvåkøy kirke) is an annex chapel of the Church of Norway in Austevoll Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Austevollshella on the island of Hundvåko. It is one of the five churches for the Austevoll parish which is part of the Fana prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, concrete and wood chapel was built in a long church design in 1990 using plans drawn up by the architectural firm Planconsult based in Storebø. The chapel seats about 220 people.

Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin (Norwegian: Bjørgvin bispedømme) is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral city is Bergen, Norway's second largest city. Bergen Cathedral, formerly the Church of Saint Olaf, serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The Bishop since 2023 has been Ragnhild Jepsen.
2022 Southeastern Conference baseball tournament
The 2022 Southeastern Conference baseball tournament was held from May 24 through 29 at Hoover Metropolitan Stadium in Hoover, Alabama as the conclusion of the 2022 Southeastern Conference baseball season. The annual tournament determined the tournament champion of the Division I Southeastern Conference in college baseball. The Tennessee Volunteers earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2022 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

The tournament has been held every year since 1977 (with the exception of 2020), with LSU claiming twelve championships, the most of any school.  Original members Georgia and Kentucky along with 2013 addition Missouri have never won the tournament.  This is the twenty-third consecutive year and twenty-fifth overall that the event has scheduled to be held at Hoover Metropolitan Stadium, known from 2007 through 2012 as Regions Park.

LSU Tigers baseball
The LSU Tigers baseball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team participates in of the Southeastern Conference. The Tigers play home games on LSU's campus at Alex Box Stadium, Skip Bertman Field, and they are coached by Jay Johnson.

The Tigers are one of the major powers of college baseball, with 8 College World Series titles, most recently in 2025. They have also won 17 SEC championships and 12 conference tournament titles.
Sarbanak
Sarbanak (Persian: ساربانك, also Romanized as Sārbānak; also known as Sarvānak) is a village in Ilat-e Qaqazan-e Sharqi Rural District, Kuhin District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 36 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Sciara del Fuoco
Sciara del Fuoco is a talus scree or depression located on Stromboli Island in Italy. It runs along the island's northern flank and is bounded by two ridges. It now serves as a major tourist attraction on the island.

Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.