hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 Malian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Mali on 24 November 2013. President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta's party, Rally for Mali, won 66 of the 147 seats in the National Assembly, with its allies winning an additional 49 seats, giving it a substantial majority. The Union for the Republic and Democracy, led by Soumaïla Cissé, won 17 seats, becoming the Opposition.

The elections had originally been planned for 1 and 22 July 2012, but were postponed after the Tuareg Rebellion and the March 2012 coup d'état. A second round of voting was held on 15 December 2013.

Rally for Mali
The Rally for Mali (French: Rassemblement pour le Mali, RPM) is a Malian political party created by former president Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta in June 2001.

The RPM is a full member of the Socialist International. The symbol of the party is a weaver.
Critical Path (book)
Critical Path is a book written by US author and inventor R. Buckminster Fuller with the assistance of Kiyoshi Kuromiya. First published in 1981, it is alongside Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth one of Fuller's best-known works. Vast in its scope, it describes Fuller's own vision of the development of human civilization, economic history, and his highly original economic ideology based, amongst other things, on his detailed description of why scarcity of resources need no longer be a decisive factor in global politics.

Critical path method
The critical path method (CPM), or critical path analysis (CPA), is an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities. A critical path is determined by identifying the longest stretch of dependent activities and measuring the time required to complete them from start to finish. It is commonly used in conjunction with the program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
Rosemary Laing
Rosemary Laing (1959 – 2024) was an Australian photographer.

Originally trained as a painter, Laing moved into the medium of photography for which she is most notable. Laing taught art at the University of New South Wales, College of Fine Arts.

With over 100 exhibitions, Laing was widely known for her leading role in the conceptual photography field, with most of her works being a part of a series in order to convey her concepts.

Conceptual photography
Conceptual photography  is a type of photography that illustrates an idea. There have been illustrative photographs made since the medium's invention, for example in the earliest staged photographs, such as Hippolyte Bayard's Self Portrait as a Drowned Man (1840). However, the term conceptual photography derives from conceptual art, a movement of the late 1960s. Today the term is used to describe either a methodology or a genre.
Monte Poro Lighthouse
Monte Poro Lighthouse (Italian: Faro di Monte Poro) is an active lighthouse located on the summit of Monte Poro, in the south western part of Elba on the Tyrrhenian Sea, a region covered by Macchia Mediterranea. The place was of some strategic interest during World War II because close to the lighthouse are the ruins of a German position.

Tyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea (/tɪˈriːniən, -ˈreɪ-/, tih-REE-nee-ən ,-RAY-; Italian: Mar Tirreno [mar tirˈrɛːno] or [-ˈreː-]) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. Its namesake is from the Tyrrhenian people, identified with the Etruscans of Italy.
Contepomi
Contepomi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Felipe Contepomi (born 1977), Argentine rugby union coach and former player

Manuel Contepomi (born 1977), Argentine retired rugby union player

Bebe Contepomi (born 1970), Argentine journalist and TV host

Manuel Contepomi
Manuel Contepomi (born 20 August 1977 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine rugby union footballer. He started playing rugby at his secondary school, Colegio Cardenal Newman, and currently plays for Club Newman in the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires competition. He has also made numerous appearances for the Argentina national team. He is the twin brother of fellow Argentine rugby international Felipe Contepomi.

He formerly played for Bristol in the Guinness Premiership and Rovigo in Italy.

Contepomi played for the national under-19 and under-21 Argentina sides in the early years of his career. After making his international debut for Argentina in 1998, he was included in the 1999 Rugby World Cup squad for Wales. He made his second World Cup appearance at the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia, and his third at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, in France, where Argentina finished in 3rd place.
Katův šleh
Katův šleh (literally executioner’s whipping) is a Czech dish being served in many conventional restaurants. It is a low-cost meal which can be easily and quickly prepared. It is made in many variants, however, the necessary attribute is a strong pungency or piquancy and the presence of pork or chicken meat cut into thin strips (referred to as “noodles” in Czech).

Pungency
Pungency (/ˈpʌndʒənsi/ ⓘ PUN-jən-see), commonly referred to as spiciness, hotness or heat,  is a sensation that contributes to the flavor of certain foods such as chili peppers. Highly pungent foods may be experienced as unpleasant. The term piquancy (/ˈpiːkənsi/ PEEK-ən-see) is sometimes applied to foods with a lower degree of pungency that are "agreeably stimulating to the palate". In addition to chili peppers, piquant ingredients include wasabi, horseradish and mustard. The primary substances responsible for pungency are capsaicin (in chilis), piperine (in peppercorns) and allyl isothiocyanate (in radishes, mustard and wasabi).
2020–21 Sydney Sixers WBBL season
The 2020–21 Sydney Sixers Women's season was the sixth in the team's history. Coached by Ben Sawyer and captained by Ellyse Perry, the Sixers played the entirety of WBBL|06 in a bio-secure Sydney hub due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They finished the regular season in fifth place on the points table, directly below the Perth Scorchers due to an inferior net run rate. Consequently, the Sixers narrowly missed out on qualifying for the finals for the second-straight year.

Ben Sawyer
Ben Sawyer (born 1978/79) is an Australian cricket coach, who is the current head coach of the New Zealand women's national cricket team. He has previous been head coach of Birmingham Phoenix women's team in The Hundred, Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Women's Premier League and Sydney Sixers in the Women's Big Bash League. Sawyer has also worked as assistant coach of Australia women, and a coach of New South Wales Breakers.
Stéphanie Bodet
Stéphanie Bodet (born 14 March 1976) is a French rock climber, competition climber, writer and blogger.

Bodet was born on 14 March 1976 in Limoges, and grew up in Gap, Hautes-Alpes. She was asthmatic as a child, but started rock climbing aged 14 on the cliffs of Céüse.

She climbed competitively between 1993 and 2002, winning the overall first-ever IFSC Climbing World Cup women's competition bouldering event in 1999.

She has made first ascents of climbing routes in countries including China, Madagascar, Morocco and Spain.

Bernard Delapierre made the 20-minute film J'ai demandé la lune au rocher (Of the rock I asked for the moon) in which Bodet describes her ascent of the 8a+ (5.13c) graded sport climbing route Octogénèse, in Corsica.

She is married to French climber Arnaud Petit, with whom she has climbed and written books. They live with their cat, Pinpoune, in Cucuron, near Buoux.  She has a master's degree in French literature, and as of 2024 was training as a yoga teacher.

Cucuron
Cucuron (French pronunciation: [kykyʁɔ̃]) is a village (commune) in the Vaucluse department, of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France. Its inhabitants are called Cucuronnais.

Located on the south side of the Luberon mountain range, Cucuron is surrounded by slopes of grapevines and olive trees. There are several cooperatives in the village, including for wine and olive oil production. The present village dates from earlier than the 11th century and suffered a serious plague epidemic in 1720. Its primary features are a long pond (l'étang) that occupies its main square, the ruins of a medieval keep, and two churches.

Cucuron features in two movies: A Good Year and The Horseman on the Roof (French: Le hussard sur le toit).
Mödling
Mödling (German pronunciation: [ˈmøːdlɪŋ] ⓘ) is the capital of the Austrian district of the same name located approximately 15 km south of Vienna.

Mödling lies in Lower Austria's industrial zone (Industrieviertel). The Mödlingbach, a brook which rises in the Vienna Woods, flows through the town. Near Achau it joins with the Schwechat. Woodland occupies a large part of the municipality, part of the Föhrenberge ('Pine Mountains').

Located immediately south of Vienna, and within the boundaries of the district of Mödling, is one of the largest shopping centres in Europe: Shopping City Süd (SCS).

Shopping City Süd
The Shopping City Süd (SCS) is a shopping centre located in Vösendorf and Wiener Neudorf, south of Vienna, Austria.

With a leasable area of 235,000 m2 (2,530,000 sq ft), it is the biggest shopping mall in Austria. It contains over 330 shops and has around 5,000 employees (2016).

In December 2007, the SCS was sold for €607 million to French real estate company Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, which also owns the Donau Zentrum.
Longitudinal callosal fascicle
Longitudinal callosal fascicles, or Probst bundles, are aberrant bundles of axons that run in a front-back (antero-posterior) direction rather than a left-right direction between the cerebral hemispheres. They are characteristic of patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum and are due to failure of the callosally-projecting neurons (mostly layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons) to extend axons across the midline and therefore form the corpus callosum. The inability of these axons to cross the midline results in anomalous axonal guidance and front-to-back projections within each hemisphere, rather than connecting between the hemispheres in the normal corpus callosum.

These longitudinal callosal fascicles were originally described by Moriz Probst in 1901 by gross anatomical observation. More recently, these anomalies are detected by magnetic resonance imaging or diffusion tensor imaging.

Axon guidance
Axon guidance   (also called axon pathfinding) is a subfield of neural development concerning the process by which neurons send out axons to reach their correct targets. Axons often follow very precise paths in the nervous system, and how they manage to find their way so accurately is an area of ongoing research.

Axon growth takes place from a region called the growth cone and reaching the axon target is accomplished with relatively few guidance molecules. Growth cone receptors respond to the guidance cues.
Australia–Kurdistan Region relations
Australia–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between Australia and Kurdistan Region. While Australia has no representation in Kurdistan, Kurdistan has a representative office in Sydney. Moreover, there is a Kurdish lobby in Australia. In late 2014, Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott authorized the training of the Kurdish soldiers or Peshmerga and also supplied the Kurds with ordnance in September 2014. A C-130J was involved in the airlift of arms and munitions to the Kurdish forces. In April 2016, it was disclosed that an Australian Army Special Operations Task Group personnel were assisting at the "divisional level" embedded with senior Kurdish Peshmerga commanders.

In 2015, Kurdish Foreign Minister Falah Mustafa travelled to Australia and met with Australian Foreign Minister Julie Bishop to discuss the security circumstances in Kurdistan and bilateral relations. Moreover, Mustafa met with Attorney-General George Brandis.

Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules
The Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules is a medium-size American four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft. The C-130J is a comprehensive update of the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, with new engines, flight deck, and other systems.

The C-130J is the newest version of the C-130 Hercules, and the only model currently in production. As of March 2022, 500 C-130J aircraft have been delivered to 26 operators in 22 countries.
Scenes (album)
Scenes is the second studio album by guitarist Marty Friedman, released on November 17, 1992 through Shrapnel Records (United States) and Roadrunner Records (Europe). It is a notable stylistic departure from Friedman's first album, Dragon's Kiss (1988), as well as his heavier work with Cacophony and Megadeth, in that it predominantly features mellow, clean-tone playing instead of his usual distortion. The final track, "Triumph", is a remake of "Thunder March" from Dragon's Kiss. The album also features then-Megadeth bandmate Nick Menza on drums.

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
Mile End Stadium
Mile End Stadium, also known as the East London Stadium, is a multi-sports stadium in Mile End and situated in the park of the same name in the East End of London, England. The stadium comprises an athletics stadium and a number of floodlit Astroturf football pitches, tennis and netball courts.

The new sports complex with a 25m swimming pool was refurbished in 2019.

The stadium is home to Sporting Bengal United F.C. and Tower Hamlets F.C. of the Eastern Counties Football League, and was formerly home to Leyton Orient Women of the FA Women's National League from 2004 to 2021.

It hosted a concert by Britpop band Blur on 17 June 1995, where 27,000 fans saw the band supported by The Boo Radleys, Sparks, John Shuttleworth, Dodgy and Cardiacs.

Atlético London
Atlético London, formerly London Seaward Football Club (2021–2025) and Leyton Orient Women Football Club (2015–2021), is a women's football team based in Barkingside in East London, England. The team compete in the Eastern Region Premier Division, and play home games at The techsoc.com Stadium in Barkingside.
HMS Hindostan (1841)
HMS Hindostan was an 80-gun two-deck second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 2 August 1841. Her design was based on an enlarged version of the lines of Repulse.

In 1865 she became an auxiliary to the training ship Britannia at Dartmouth, and remained part of that establishment until it was transferred ashore to the Royal Naval College there.  She joined the boy artificers' training establishment at Portsmouth that year and was renamed Fisgard III.  She was renamed Hindostan in 1920, and sold to J. B. Garnham & Sons in 1921. After being broken up, her timbers and those of HMS Impregnable were used in 1924 in the renovation of the Liberty department store in London.

Dartmouth, Devon
Dartmouth (/ˈdɑːrtməθ/) is a town and civil parish in the English county of Devon. It is a tourist destination set on the western bank of the estuary of the River Dart, which is a long narrow tidal ria that runs inland as far as Totnes. It lies within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and South Hams district, and had a population of 5,512 in 2001, reducing to 5,064 at the 2011 census. There are two electoral wards in the Dartmouth area (Townstal & Kingswear). Their combined population at the above census was 6,822.
Boolean circuit
In computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, a Boolean circuit is a mathematical model for combinational digital logic circuits. A formal language can be decided by a family of Boolean circuits, one circuit for each possible input length.

Boolean circuits are defined in terms of the logic gates they contain. For example, a circuit might contain binary AND and OR gates and unary NOT gates, or be entirely described by binary NAND gates. Each gate corresponds to some Boolean function that takes a fixed number of bits as input and outputs a single bit.

Boolean circuits provide a model for many digital components used in computer engineering, including multiplexers, adders, and arithmetic logic units, but they exclude sequential logic. They are an abstraction that omits many aspects relevant to designing real digital logic circuits, such as metastability, fanout, glitches, power consumption, and propagation delay variability.

NAND gate
In digital electronics, a NAND (NOT AND) gate is a logic gate which produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output is complement to that of an AND gate. A LOW (0) output results only if all the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1); if any input is LOW (0), a HIGH (1) output results. A NAND gate is made using transistors and junction diodes. By De Morgan's laws, a two-input NAND gate's logic may be expressed as , making a NAND gate equivalent to inverters followed by an OR gate.

The NAND gate is significant because any Boolean function can be implemented by using a combination of NAND gates. This property is called "functional completeness". It shares this property with the NOR gate. Digital systems employing certain logic circuits take advantage of NAND's functional completeness.

NAND gates with two or more inputs are available as integrated circuits in transistor–transistor logic, CMOS, and other logic families.
Mohammad Feyzi
Mohammad Feyzi (Persian: ‌محمد فیضی) is an Iranian academic and reformist politician. He was born in Ardabil. He was a member of the tenth Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Ardabil, Nir, Namin and Sareyn.

Iranian reformists
The Reformists (Persian: اصلاح‌طلبان, romanized: Eslâh-Talabân) are an Islamic liberal political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 Iranian presidential election, and was subsequently confirmed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 28 July.
Succumbs
Succumbs is R.E.M.'s first commercially available full-length movie. Released in October 1987 by UNI/A&M, it contains video footage shot by R.E.M.'s lead singer Michael Stipe dating back to the early-1980s, while the band was still recording under the I.R.S. Records label. Stipe collaborated with local Athens, Georgia artist James Herbert, who directed Left of Reckoning.

Succumbs offers a glimpse of the unique feel of the band before their commercial success. It was released only on VHS and laserdisc, however, all the videos contained in this package are included on the When the Light Is Mine DVD, released in September 2006.

An introductory clip at the beginning of the collection features guitarist Peter Buck and the band's then-manager, Jefferson Holt, introducing "citizens of the future" to an "outmoded artform" called the "video", predicting it would have a staying power similar to that of Nehru jackets and other forgotten fads.

James Herbert (director)
James Herbert (born 1938) is an American painter and filmmaker known for directing a series of music videos for the band R.E.M.  He has also made over forty short films, including John Five (1992) and Jumbo Aqua (2001), and directed four independent features: Scars (1997), Speedy Boys (1998), Rabbit Pix (2005) and Abandoned House (2007). Some of his short films have been collected on the video compilation Figures (1990).
Tell Hefyan
Tell Hefyan (Arabic: تل حفيان), also known as Qodchanis (قوجانس), is a village near Tell Tamer in western al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. Administratively it belongs to the Nahiya Tell Tamer.

The village is inhabited by Assyrians belonging to the Assyrian Church of the East, and Arabs. At the 2004 census, it had a population of 1,132.

Tell Tamer Subdistrict
Tell Tamer Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية تل تمر)  is a subdistrict of al-Hasakah District in western al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Tell Tamer.

At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 50,982. Assyrians from the Assyrian Church of the East constitute about 40% of the population of this district, with the rest being Kurds and Arabs. It is the headquarter of the Assyrian Khabour Guards and Nattoreh militias, as well as the location of a large Syriac Orthodox Monastery.
Wasi'chu
Wasi'chu is a loanword from the Sioux language (wašíču or waṡicu using different Lakota and Dakota language orthographies) which means a non-Indigenous person, particularly a white person, often with a disparaging meaning.

The word has been widely adopted in English since the 1970s based on the belief that it literally means "fat taker" or greedy person and therefore carries an implied critique of white people and colonialism. Academic linguistic studies of the etymology of wašíču propose other origins for the word.

That the word's underlying meaning is "fat-taker" or "greedy" is today affirmed by many Sioux people themselves, either as the word's origin  or as a modern evolution of the meaning. For example, academic and campaigner Nick Estes writes "the highest insult in Lakota is to be greedy, to be wasicu".

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
Henning Franzmeier
Henning Franzmeier is a German archaeologist and Egyptologist with the Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum Hildesheim and University College London (UCL). Taking over from Edgar B. Pusch he has been field director of the "Qantir-Piramesse Project" in Egypt's Nile Delta since 2015, where Pi-Ramesses, the capital of Ramesside Egypt is being unearthed.

Franzmeier received his PhD in Egyptology from the Free University of Berlin, Germany, with a thesis re-evaluating the excavations of Flinders Petrie and Guy Brunton at the Middle Egyptian site of Sedment in 1920/21. In 2011, in the course of his PhD research, Franzmeier identified in Rochdale a relief fragment of the vizier Prehotep that had been thought lost and was known only from a photograph from the archaeological dig during which it was unearthed in 1920–21. He furthermore holds a MA in Egyptology from the University of Göttingen.

Nile Delta
The Nile Delta (Arabic: دلتا النيل, Delta an-Nīl or simply الدلتا, ad-Delta) is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest deltas. From Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east; it covers 240 km (150 mi) of the Mediterranean coastline and is a rich agricultural region. From north to south the delta is approximately 160 km (100 mi) in length. The Delta begins from Cairo.