hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duncan McGillivray
Duncan McGillivray (c. 1770 – April 9, 1808), born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, was an explorer and fur trader in the Western Canada.

In the mid 1790s, he served as the North West Company's clerk at Fort George in what is now Alberta, and he later accompanied David Thompson on explorations of Rupert's Land and the Canadian Rockies. In 1800, they reached what is now Banff National Park. By 1801, McGillivray was suffering from rheumatism, and returned to Montreal.

In 1808 Thompson gave what is now called the Kootenay River the name "McGillivray's River", in honour of William and Duncan McGillivray. Duncan also loved the outdoors, and once took home and dissected a mountain goat. Mount McGillivray, located east of Banff National Park, was also named in his honor.

Duncan was an older brother to Simon McGillivray, and both were involved in McTavish, McGillivrays & Co. with their brother William.

Rheumatism
Rheumatism /ˈruːmətɪzəm/ (from the Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα, rheûma) or rheumatic disorders are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. Rheumatism does not designate any specific disorder, but covers at least 200 different conditions, including arthritis and  "non-articular rheumatism", also known as "regional pain syndrome" or "soft tissue rheumatism". There is a close overlap between the term soft tissue disorder and rheumatism. Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions.

The term "Rheumatic Diseases" is used in MeSH to refer to connective tissue disorders. The branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatism is called rheumatology.
Shikagō Ichirizuka
The Shikagō ichirizuka  (四箇郷一里塚)  is a historic Japanese distance marker akin to a milestone, comprising a pair of earthen mounds located in what is now the Shinzaike neighborhood of the city of Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1940.

Wakayama Prefecture
Wakayama Prefecture (和歌山県, Wakayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [wa.kaꜜ.ja.ma, wa.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.: 1026  Wakayama Prefecture has a population of 876,030 (as of 1 February 2025) and a geographic area of 4,724 square kilometres (1,824 sq mi). Wakayama Prefecture borders Osaka Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture and Nara Prefecture to the northeast.

Wakayama is the capital and largest city of Wakayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Tanabe, Hashimoto, and Kinokawa.: 1025  Wakayama Prefecture is located on the southwestern coast of the Kii Peninsula on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.
Ryan Bethencourt
Ryan Bethencourt (born March 18, 1979) is an American scientist, entrepreneur, and biohacker best known for his work as co-founder and CEO of Wild Earth, partner at Babel Ventures and cofounder and former program director at IndieBio, a biology accelerator and early stage seed fund. Bethencourt was head of life sciences at the XPRIZE foundation, a co-founder and CEO of Berkeley Biolabs, a biotech accelerator, and Halpin Neurosciences, an ALS therapeutics-focused biotech company. Bethencourt co-founded Counter Culture Labs, a citizen science nonprofit, and Sudo Room, a hacker space based in downtown Oakland, California.

Bethencourt is a vegan and has worked on the development of several sustainable and cruelty-free products.

Hackerspace
A hackerspace (also referred to as a hacklab, hackspace, or makerspace) is a community-operated, often "not for profit" (501(c)(3) in the United States), workspace where people with common interests, such as computers, machining, technology, science, digital art, or electronic art, can meet, socialize, and collaborate. Hackerspaces are comparable to other community-operated spaces with similar aims and mechanisms such as Fab Lab, men's sheds, and commercial "for-profit" companies.
Karl-Heinz Weigang
Karl-Heinz Weigang (24 August 1935 – 12 June 2017) was a German professional football manager. He had vast experience in coaching international football, having managed the likes of Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Mali, Ghana and Gabon over a career that spanned more than half a century. However, he is best remembered for his time with Malaysia in the early 1980s, when he led the national team to qualify for the 1980 Olympic Games. He was also a popular figure in the Malaysian league, where he had some domestic success over his multiple stints with Perak, the last being his role as coach and technical advisor in 2016.

FIFA Order of Merit
The FIFA Order of Merit is the highest honour awarded by FIFA. The award is presented at the annual FIFA congress. It is normally awarded to people who are considered to have made a significant contribution to association football.

At FIFA's centennial congress they made one award for every decade of their existence. These awards were also handed out to fans, organisations, clubs, and one to African Football. These were referred to as the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit.

The winner does not have to be directly involved with football to receive it. One such notable non-footballing personality was Nelson Mandela who won it for bringing South Africa back to international football.
Kolby (given name)
Kolby is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Kolby Allard (born 1997), American baseball player

Kolby Carlile (born 1997), American Flat Track racer

Kolby Koloff (born 1996), American musician

Kolby LaCrone (born 1986), American soccer player

Kolby Listenbee (born 1994), American football player

Kolby Smith (born 1984), American football player

Kolby Koloff
Kolby Alexandra Koloff (born May 14, 1996) is an American Christian music singer-songwriter, who primarily plays a Christian pop style of worship music. Her first extended play, Grow, was released by Maxx Recordings in 2015 where its single, "Grow", was her entrant Billboard magazine song.
Dolores Lee
Dolores Margaret Lee (April 21, 1935 – May 14, 2014) was an American female baseball player who played as a pitcher from 1952 through 1954 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). Listed at 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m), 130 lb, she batted and threw right-handed.

Lee pitched in the last three years of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She had a very strong pitching arm and also was a solid defender at second base. Her accomplishments included winning the Rookie of the Year Award and playing in the All-American touring team organized and piloted by Bill Allington. A colorful and funny figure with her teammates and other players, Lee was commonly named Pickles — a substitute name she picked up back home because some men could not remember her name, as she recalled in an interview. In addition, she would amaze fanatics by pitching two balls simultaneously to two different catchers.

Baseball field
A baseball field, also called a ball field or baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for a baseball park. The term sandlot is sometimes used, although this usually refers to less organized venues for activities like sandlot ball.
Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank (Italy)
Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank S.p.A. also known as HBI was an Italian bank based in Tavagnacco, in the Province of Udine, Friuli – Venezia Giulia region. The registered office of the bank was located in Udine. In the past, the bank was a subsidiary of Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank International, which was planned to wind down as "bad bank" and separate saleable assets in 2013 as "good bank". In 2014 the subsidiary was spun off from the bad bank as a separate wind-down unit. As at 31 December 2014, Hypo Italy was a subsidiary HBI-Bundesholding A.G., a Vienna-based sub-holding company for the government of Austria.

The bank had 19 branches in Italy: Veneto (7), Lombardy (6) and Friuli – Venezia Giulia (6) before the company closed all the branches on 23 December 2016.: 9  The Italian leasing department of Hypo Alpe-Adria Italy remained in the bad bank, now known as Heta Asset Resolution Italia S.r.l., a subsidiary of Heta Asset Resolution (sold in 2016 to a private equity fund).

Government of Austria
The Government of Austria (German: Bundesregierung der Republik Österreich) is the executive cabinet of the Republic of Austria. It consists of the chancellor, who is the head of government, the vice chancellor and the ministers.
Air BP
Air BP is the specialised aviation division of BP, headquartered in Middlesex county. Air BP services are available at over 600 airport locations in 55 countries, and serves airlines, commercial aviation and general aviation.

Air BP is one of the world's largest suppliers of both aviation fuels, including AVGAS and kerosene jet fuels, and lubricants for both turbine and piston-engined aircraft.  Air BP currently supplies around 8 billion US gallons (30,000,000 m3) annually of both aviation fuels and lubricants to their worldwide customers.

Aviation fuel
Aviation fuels are either derived from petroleum or are blends of petroleum and synthetic fuels, and are used to power aircraft. These fuels have more stringent requirements than those used for ground-based applications, such as heating or road transportation. They also contain additives designed to enhance or preserve specific properties that are important for performance and handling. Most aviation fuels are kerosene-based—such as JP-8 and Jet A-1—and are used in gas turbine-powered aircraft. Piston-engined aircraft typically use leaded gasoline, while those equipped with diesel engines may use jet fuel (kerosene). As of 2012, all U.S. Air Force aircraft had been certified to operate on a 50-50 blend of kerosene and synthetic fuel derived from coal or natural gas, as part of an initiative to stabilize fuel costs.
Lakay
Lakay (subtitled A True to Life Story of P/Col Juanito Lagasca) is a 1992 Filipino action film directed by Nilo Saez, written by Jose Carreon, and starring Fernando Poe Jr. as the titular police colonel. It also stars Charo Santos, Rina Reyes, Efren Reyes Jr., Jose Romulo, Philip Gamboa, Romy Diaz, Madel Locsin, Flexi Sarte, and Fredmoore De Los Santos. Produced by GP Films, the film was released on November 4, 1992.

Police ranks of the Philippines
The following are the ranks of officials and officers of the Philippine National Police (PNP). These men and women report to the president of the Philippines as the commander-in-chief, through the secretary of the interior and local government, who is ex officio the chair of the National Police Commission, and the undersecretary for public safety under the Department of the Interior and Local Government.
Czestków B
Czestków B is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Buczek, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Buczek, 5 km (3 mi) south of Łask, and 36 km (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łask County
Łask County (Polish: powiat łaski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łask, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 617.38 square kilometres (238.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,874, out of which the population of Łask is 18,684 and the rural population is 32,190.
FV Pere Charles
MFV Pere Charles DA 34 was a French-built Irish-flagged fishing trawler which sank on 10 January 2007 off the coast of Wexford with the loss of all hands on board.

Pere Charles was built in 1982, and at the time of her sinking, had a gross tonnage of 100 metric tons and an overall length of 20 meters. She was one of the largest and most modern fishing vessels operating from her port of Dunmore East, Waterford. Pere Charles was particularly suited for herring fishing, although she was capable of fishing for a variety of species.

In January 2006, Pere Charles was purchased by a fisherman operating out of Dunmore East, and was refurbished, entering the local fleet after passing a safety inspection.

Dunmore East
Dunmore East (Irish: Dún Mór Thóir, meaning 'east big fort') is a tourist and fishing town in County Waterford, Ireland. Situated on the west side of Waterford Harbour on Ireland's southeastern coast, it lies within the barony of Gaultier (An Gháilltír – "land of the foreigner" in Irish); a reference to the influx of Viking and Norman settlers in the area.
Bornstedt (Potsdam)
Bornstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔʁnʃtɛt]) is a borough of Potsdam, Germany. Located north of Sanssouci Park and the Orangery Palace, it is known for the Bornstedt Crown Estate, former residence of Princess Royal Victoria, and the Bornstedt Cemetery with numerous tombs of famous personages.

Sanssouci Park
Sanssouci Park is a large park surrounding Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam, Germany, built under Frederick the Great in the mid-18th century. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque flower garden with lawns, flower beds, hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The greenhouses of the numerous nurseries contained oranges, melons, peaches and bananas. The goddesses Flora and Pomona, who decorate the entrance obelisk at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and other nearby palaces and parks, Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe.
Michael Masutha
Tshililo Michael Masutha  is a South African advocate and retired politician. He was born in Valdezia in 1965 in Northern Transvaal, which is now Limpopo province, in South Africa. He is the former Minister of Justice and Correctional Services. Before becoming MP in 1999, he served as a human rights lawyer. He served as the Deputy Minister of Science and Technology from 2013 to 2014. Born with a visual disability, he was the second minister with a disability to be appointed to Jacob Zuma's cabinet. He founded Northern Transvaal Association for the Blind in 1989.

Valdezia
Valdezia is a sprawling rural settlement situated at the foothills of the Soutpansberg mountain range in Louis Trichardt, Limpopo Province, South Africa. It was formerly known as Albasini before Swiss Missionaries renamed it Valdezia in 1875. The village itself was formally established in 1820 by Tsonga refugees who were fleeing despotic rule from Soshangane. It is roughly 10 km east of Elim Hospital in the Hlanganani district in the former Gazankulu homeland, South Africa. It was the site of a Swiss mission station, and it was named after the Swiss canton of Vaud. Valdezia's population, according to the official census of 2011, currently stands at between 7,600 and 8,000 people.  It is considered the birthplace of the written Tsonga language in South Africa.
2021–22 WABA League
The 2021–22 WABA League is the 21st season of the Adriatic League. Competition included twelve teams from seven countries. In this season participating clubs from Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedonia and Slovenia.

Reigning WABA champion Beroe Stara Zagora (Bulgaria) have withdrawn from the 2021–22 WABA League.

25 September 2021 Feniks Pale (Bosnia and Herzegovina) has withdraws from the 2021–22 WABA League. As per the Official Basketball Rules, all games were awarded to their respective opponents with a score of 20-0. Furthermore, the forfeiting team Feniks will receive 0 classification points in the standings.

WABA League
WABA League, commonly known as the Adriatic League, is a top-level regional basketball league, featuring female teams from Serbia, Montenegro, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Croatia. Clubs from Turkey, North Macedonia, Hungary and Italy had their representatives in WABA League in past seasons. Since 2012 a Cadet WABA League and since 2014 Pionir WABA League is also played.
Cowboys and Clowns
"Cowboys and Clowns" is a song written by Steve Dorff, Snuff Garrett, Gary Harju and Larry Herbstritt, and recorded by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap.  It was released in June 1980 and is featured on the soundtrack for the film Bronco Billy.  The song was Milsap's fifteenth number one on the country chart.  The single stayed number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.

The song was issued as a double A-side with a cover of Porter Wagoner's 1962 hit "Misery Loves Company".

Steve Dorff
Stephen Hartley Dorff (born April 21, 1949) is an American songwriter and composer who has written many pop music and country music songs covered by major artists, as well as film scores, TV themes, and musical theater compositions.
Chassériau (surname)
Chassériau is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Arthur Chassériau (1850–1934), French art collector and stockbroker

Benoît Chassériau (1780–1844), French diplomat

Charles Frédéric Chassériau (1802–1896), French painter

Leopold Chasseriau (1825–1891), French planter

Théodore Chassériau (1819–1856), French romantic painter

Victor Frédéric Chassériau (1774–1815), French general

Arthur Chassériau
Baron Arthur Nedjma Chassériau (1850, Algiers – 1934, Paris) was a French stockbroker, art lover and art collector, most notable as a major donor to the Musée du Louvre. He was the son of Charles Frédéric Chassériau, chief architect of Algiers, thus making him first cousin to the painter Théodore Chassériau - one of Arthur's donations to the Louvre was Aline Chassériau, Théodore's painting of his younger sister.
Joe Gibbs Racing in the NASCAR Cup Series
Joe Gibbs Racing (JGR) is an American professional stock car racing organization founded by Pro Football Hall of Fame coach Joe Gibbs. His son, J. D. Gibbs, ran the team with him until his death in 2019. Founded in Huntersville, North Carolina, in 1992. JGR has won five Cup Series championships.

Kyle Larson
Kyle Miyata Larson (born July 31, 1992) is an American professional racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 5 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Hendrick Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 88 Chevrolet Camaro SS for JR Motorsports.

Before and throughout his stock car racing career, Larson has been highly successful in dirt track racing, with wins in several prestigious events including the Kings Royal, Knoxville Nationals, and the Chili Bowl Nationals. He also won the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2015 with CGR. Larson is the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series Rookie of the Year and the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Rookie of the Year. He won the NASCAR Cup Series Championship in 2021 and 2025. Larson was named one of NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers in 2023.
Michelle Fields
Michelle Fields (born 1987/1988) is an American political journalist who formerly wrote for The Huffington Post and was a reporter for Reason TV and Breitbart News, as well as a Fox News contributor. After graduating from college, Fields was hired as a reporter at The Daily Caller. She later became a correspondent for PJ Media. Fields is a former panelist on the Fox News program Cashin' In. In 2016, Fields accused Donald Trump's campaign manager Corey Lewandowski of grabbing her arm at a press conference. At the time, Fields was a reporter for Breitbart, but resigned her position in March 2016, due to the organization's handling of the Lewandowski incident.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.
George Downing Whittington
George Downing Whittington (1780-1807) was a Church of England priest and architectural historian. In a posthumous publication of 1809, he was the first to date the origin of Gothic to Abbot Suger's work at St-Denis.

Suger
Suger (/suːˈʒɛər/; French: [syʒɛʁ]; Latin: Sugerius; c. 1081 – 13 January 1151) was a French abbot and statesman. He was a key advisor to King Louis VI and his son Louis VII, acting as the latter's regent during the Second Crusade. His writings are seminal texts for early 12th-century Capetian history, and his reconstruction of the Basilica of Saint-Denis, where he was abbot, was instrumental in creating the Gothic architecture style.
Portrait of John Constable
Portrait of John Constable' is a 1799 portrait painting by the English artist Ramsay Richard Reinagle. It depicts his friend and fellow painter John Constable at the age of around twenty three.

The two men were both students at the Royal Academy at the time. They each painted each other's portraits, both pictures focusing on the romantic air they were cultivating. Reinagle  was the son of the painter Philip Reinagle while Constable's family owned Flatford Mill. 
Producing views of "Constable Country'" in his native Suffolk, Constable 
would go on to become one of Britain's most celebrated landscape painters. Today the painting is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London, having been given by the Art Fund in 1917.

Flatford Mill
Flatford Mill is a Grade I listed watermill on the River Stour at Flatford in East Bergholt, Suffolk, England. According to the date-stone the mill was built in 1733, but some of the structure may be earlier. Attached to the mill is a 17th-century miller's cottage which is also Grade I listed. The property is in Dedham Vale, a typically English rural landscape.

The mill was owned by the artist John Constable's father and is noted, along with its immediate surroundings as the location for many of Constable's works. It is referred to in the title of one of his most iconic paintings, Flatford Mill (Scene on a Navigable River), and mentioned in the title or is the subject of several others including: Flatford Mill from a lock on the river Stour; Flatford Mill from the lock (A water mill); The Lock. The Hay Wain, which features Willy Lott's Cottage, was painted from the front of the mill.
Road signs in the United States
Road signs in the United States are, for the most part, standardized by federal regulations, most notably in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and its companion volume the Standard Highway Signs (SHS).

Runaway truck ramp
A runaway truck ramp, runaway truck lane, escape lane, safety ramp, emergency escape ramp, or truck arrester bed is a traffic device that enables vehicles which are having braking problems to stop safely. It is typically a long, sand- or gravel-filled lane connected to a steep downhill grade section of a main road, and is designed to accommodate large trucks or buses. It allows a moving vehicle's kinetic energy to be dissipated gradually in a controlled and relatively harmless way, helping the operator stop it safely.