hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bengali nationalism
Bengali nationalism is a form of ethnic nationalism that focuses on Bengalis as a single ethnicity by rejecting imposition of other languages and cultures while promoting its own in Bengal. Bengalis speak the Bengali language and mostly live across Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam (Barak Valley). Bengali nationalism is one of the four fundamental principles according to the Constitution of Bangladesh and was the main driving force behind the creation of the independent nation state of Bangladesh through the 1971 liberation war. Bengali Muslims make up the majority (90%) of Bangladesh's citizens (Bangladeshis), and are the largest minority in the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal, whereas Bengali Hindus make up the majority of India's citizens (Indians) in Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura, and are the largest minority in the Indian states of Assam and Jharkhand and the independent state of Bangladesh (8%).

Barak Valley
Barak Valley is the southernmost region and administrative division of the Indian state of Assam. It is named after the Barak River, whose watershed roughly forms its northern border. The Barak valley consists of three administrative districts of Assam: Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi. The main and largest city is Silchar, which seats the headquarter of Cachar district and also serves as administrative divisional office of Barak valley division. The valley is bordered by Mizoram and Tripura to the south, Bangladesh and Meghalaya to the west and Manipur to the east respectively. Once North Cachar Hills was a part of Cachar district which became a subdivision in 1951 and eventually a separate district. On 1 July 1983, Karimganj district was curved out from the eponymous subdivision of Cachar district. In 1989, the subdivision of Hailakandi was upgraded into Hailakandi district.
Claudio Silva (computer scientist)
Claudio Silva is a Brazilian American computer scientist and data scientist. He is a professor of computer science and engineering at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering, the head of disciplines at the NYU Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP) and affiliate faculty member at NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. He co-developed the open-source data-exploration system VisTrails with his wife Juliana Freire and many other collaborators. He is a former chair of the executive committee for the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Visualization and Graphics.

Courant Institute School of Mathematics, Computing, and Data Science
The Courant Institute School of Mathematics, Computing, and Data Science, previously known as the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (CIMS), is a constituent school of New York University.

Founded in 1935 as the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, the school is named after Richard Courant, who was one of its founders and mathematics professors from 1936 to 1972. The Mathematics Department is housed in Warren Weaver Hall on Gould Plaza.

On November 13, 2025, New York University announced the creation of the Courant Institute School of Mathematics, Computing and Data Science. The new school includes the university's Department of Mathematics, the Center for Data Science, and an expanded Department of Computer Science now linked with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Tandon School of Engineering.
Football at the Arab Games
The Arab Games are a regional multi-sport event held between nations from the Arab world. A men's football tournament has been held at every session of the Games since 1953, except for 2004. Since the 2023 edition, the tournament has been limited to under-23 teams, plus up to three overage players for each squad.

Arab Games
The Arab Games (Arabic: الألعاب العربية), also known as the Pan-Arab Games, are a regional multi-sport event held between nations from the Arab world. They are organized by the Union of Arab National Olympic Committees. The first Games took place in 1953 in Alexandria, Egypt. Intended to be held every four years since, political turmoil and financial difficulties have made the event an unstable one. Women first competed in 1985.
Veterinary Parasitology (journal)
Veterinary Parasitology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the discipline of veterinary parasitology. It is the official organ of the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists, the European Veterinary Parasitology College, and the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology.

Veterinary parasitology
Veterinary parasitology is a branch of veterinary medicine that deals with the study of morphology, life-cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and control of eukaryotic invertebrates of the kingdom Animalia and the taxon Protozoa that depend upon other invertebrates and higher vertebrates for their propagation, nutrition, and metabolism without necessarily causing the death of their hosts. Modern parasitology focuses on responses of animal hosts to parasitic invasion. Parasites of domestic animals, (livestock and pet animals), as well as wildlife animals are considered. Data obtained from parasitological research in animals helps in veterinary practice and improves animal breeding. The major goal of veterinary parasitology is to protect animals and improve their health, but because a number of animal parasites are transmitted to humans, veterinary parasitology is also important for public health.
Nhleko
Nhleko is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Nathi Nhleko (born 1964), South African politician

Phuthuma Nhleko (born 1960), South African businessman

Toni Nhleko (born 1979), retired South African soccer player

Wonder Nhleko (born 1981), Liswati former footballer

Toni Nhleko
Nkosinathi Nhleko (born 24 July 1979, in Ermelo) is a retired South African soccer player who last played as a striker for Kaizer Chiefs and Retired at Antaliay Football Club (Turkey Football League)

Nhleko was a stocky built striker known for his pace and ability to hold up the ball and turn defenders not so much for his goal scoring exploits.
Lessius Hogeschool
Lessius was a university college in Belgium named after the Jesuit economist Leonardus Lessius. It was founded in 2000 from the merger of two Catholic institutions of higher education in the city of Antwerp, and was later joined by another constituent college in Mechelen, which became the Lessius Mechelen campus. This gave Lessius several campuses in Antwerp and Mechelen. In 2012, Lessius merged with Katholieke Hogeschool Kempen to form Thomas More University college. This institute of higher education is a member of the K.U.Leuven Association.

University college
In a number of countries, a university college is a college institution that provides tertiary education but does not have full or independent university status. A university college is often part of a larger university. The precise usage varies from country to country.
Several institutions worldwide take this name (see: list of university colleges).
Shusei Tanaka
Shūsei Tanaka (田中秀征, Tanaka Shũsei; born 30 September 1940) is a retired Japanese politician. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in the 1972 general election and represented the Nagano Prefecture first district. Following a revamp of the electoral system, he lost his seat to Kenji Kosaka in the 1996 general election.

1996 Japanese general election
General elections were held in Japan on 20 October 1996. A coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party, New Party Sakigake and the Social Democratic Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto of the LDP won the most seats.

These were the first elections held after the 1994 electoral reforms. Previously, each district was represented by multiple members, sometimes from the same party, causing intra-party competition. Under the new rules, each district nominated one representative, elected using first-past-the-post voting. A separate party-list vote was introduced for voters to choose their favored party in addition to votes for individual candidates, as a way to more accurately approximate the seats in the House of Representatives of Japan to the actual party votes, in an effort to achieve more proportional representation.
1953 Bristol MC & LCC Race
The 1st Bristol MC & LCC Formula 2 Race was a Formula Two motor race held on 3 August 1953 at Thruxton Circuit, Hampshire. The race was run over 20 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Tony Rolt in a Connaught Type A-Lea Francis; Rolt also set fastest lap. Horace Gould in a Cooper T23-Bristol was second and Jack Walton was third in a Cooper T25-Bristol.

Thruxton Circuit
The Thruxton Circuit is a 2.356 mi (3.792 km) motor-racing circuit located near the village of Thruxton in Hampshire, England, United Kingdom, about 30 mi (48 km) north of Southampton.

It has hosted motorsport events including the British Touring Car Championship, British GT Championship, British Formula One Championship, British Formula Three, and GB3 Championship. It is often referred to as the "Fastest Circuit in the UK" where drivers can reach speeds of over 190 mph (300 km/h). To illustrate this, Damon Hill drove his Williams Formula One car around the circuit at an average speed of 147 mph (237 km/h) in 1993.

The site also houses the headquarters of the British Automobile Racing Club (BARC).
Residual Deposits Group
The Residual Deposits Group is a Palaeogene to Quaternary lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata or other definable geological units) present in those parts of southern and eastern England where the Chalk outcrops and in the Buchan district of northeast Scotland. In the former they consist of the 2 to 10 metres (6.6 to 32.8 ft) thick remanié deposit, Clay-with-Flints and in the latter the Buchan Gravels Formation which is up to 25 metres (82 ft) thick.

Clay-with-Flints
In geology, Clay-with-Flints describes a series of mineral deposits distributed throughout southern England. While the composition of each deposit varies in mineral types and concentrations, they typically contain mixtures of red clay with flints. Similar deposits have also been identified in northern France, referred to as "Argile à silex."
BayCon
BayCon is the San Francisco Bay Area's longest-running fan-run speculative fiction convention. It was held over Memorial Day weekend in the San Francisco Bay Area, California but moved to July 4, Independence Day. BayCon draws many attendees from throughout California and also as far away as Oregon, Washington, and Arizona. The most recent BayCon was held from Friday, July 4, through Monday, July 7, 2025, in Santa Clara, California. The next BayCon is scheduled for July 3–6, 2026.

Scott Sigler
Scott Carl Sigler is an American author of science fiction and horror and a podcaster. Scott is a New York Times No. 1 bestselling author of twenty one novels, six novellas, dozens of short stories, and thousands of podcast episodes. He is a co-founder of Empty Set Entertainment, which publishes his young adult Galactic Football League series. He lives in San Diego.
Kotbada
Kotbada  is a village development committee in Kalikot District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census it had a population of 5893 people living in 854 individual households.

Karnali Zone
Karnali Zone (Nepali: खसान अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal. The headquarters of Karnali Zone was Jumla.

Karnali Zone was one of the poorest and most remote regions of Nepal, not very accessible by road yet. There are airfields in all districts except Kalikot which is connected seasonally by roadways to Jumla Airport.

Karnali Zone was the largest zone of Nepal, with two national parks.  Shey Phoksundo National Park Shey Phoksundo (with Phoksundo Lake—the deepest lake of Nepal), famous for the snow leopard, is Nepal's largest park with an area of 3,555 km2.  Rara National Park  surrounds Rara Lake—at 10.2 km2, Nepal's largest lake—known as the "Pearl of Nepal".
Zuzana Mrázová
Zuzana Mrázová (formerly Zuzana Schwarz Bařtipánová; born 24 February 1978) is a Czech politician who has served as Minister of Regional Development in the Third cabinet of Andrej Babiš since December 2025 and as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since October 2025. She has served as mayor of Bílina since 2018. She ran for the Czech Senate in the 2020 Teplice by-election, finishing 4th with 9.8% of the vote in the first round.

Third cabinet of Andrej Babiš
The third cabinet of Andrej Babiš is the current government of the Czech Republic. Following elections in October 2025, Andrej Babiš announced his intention to form a coalition government consisting of his party ANO, with Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) and Motorists for Themselves (AUTO).

On 6 November 2025, Tomio Okamura from Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies for the new parliament with 107 votes. On 7 November 2025, Tomio Okamura President of the Chamber of Deputies, orderded the removal of the Ukrainian flag from the parliament building, which had been raised there since the start of Russia's invasion in 2022. In reaction, the opposition Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and Pirates hung Ukrainian flags from their club windows.

The list of ministerial candidates was presented to President Petr Pavel on 26 November 2025, and the cabinet was sworn in on 15 December 2025.
Janet Collins
Janet Faye Collins, OblSB (March 7, 1917 – May 28, 2003) was an African American prima ballerina, choreographer, and teacher. She performed on Broadway, in films, and appeared frequently on television. She was among the pioneers of black ballet dancing, one of the few classically trained Black dancers of her generation. She was a vowed oblate of the Benedictine order.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.
Jack Black (rat catcher)
Jack Black was a rat-catcher and mole destroyer from Battersea, England during the middle of the 19th century. At the time, England was ravaged by a massive population of rats that disrupted crops and spread disease, and Black's rat killing abilities made him a minor celebrity and  Queen Victoria's official rat-catcher. Though he has been called the rat's "most notorious enemy," he did not kill all rats. Black bred unusually colored rats and sold them as pets, playing a large role in domesticating the animal. He had a flamboyant appearance, typically donning a self-made "uniform" of green overcoat, scarlet waistcoat, and leather sash adorned with metal rats.

Battersea
Battersea is a large district in southwest London, part of the London Borough of Wandsworth, England. It is centred 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross and also extends along the south bank of the Thames Tideway. It includes the 200-acre (0.81 km2) Battersea Park.
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., 508 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir., 2007) was a case in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit involving a copyright infringement claim against Amazon.com, Inc. and Google, Inc., by the magazine publisher Perfect 10, Inc. The court held that framing and hyperlinking of original images for use in an image search engine constituted a fair use of Perfect 10's images because the use was highly transformative, and thus not an infringement of the magazine's copyright ownership of the original images.

The case originated as a suit against Google, with Amazon being added as another defendant at the Circuit Court hearings, because Amazon used thumbnail images that had been obtained from Google.

Google AdSense
Google AdSense is a program and advertising network run by Google through which website publishers in the Google Network of content sites serve text, images, video, or interactive media advertisements that are targeted to the site content and audience. These advertisements are administered, sorted, and maintained by Google. They can generate revenue on either a per-click or per-impression basis. Google beta-tested a cost-per-action service, but discontinued it in October 2008 in favor of a DoubleClick offering (also owned by Google). In Q1 2014, Google earned US$3.4 billion ($13.6 billion annualized), or 22% of total revenue, through Google AdSense. In 2021, more than 38 million websites used AdSense. It is a participant in the AdChoices program, so AdSense ads typically include the triangle-shaped AdChoices icon. This program also operates on HTTP cookies.
Estrone cyanate
Estrone cyanate, or estrone 3-O-cyanate, also known as estrocyanate, is an estrogen and an estrogen ester – specifically, the 3-O-cyanate ester of estrone – which was investigated for potential use in birth control pills but was found to be of relatively low potency and ultimately was never marketed.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.
Cubam
Cubam, is the term used to refer to a multi-ligand receptor located in the terminal ileum, specializing in absorption of vitamin B12. Cubam is essentially composed of amnionless (AMN), and cubilin. Cubilin is essential as a cell receptor recognizing the "vitamin B12-intrinsic factor" complex, whereas amnionless is more involved in the receptor mediated endocytosis of the complex.

Ileum
The ileum (/ˈɪliəm/) is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. Its main function is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.

The ileum follows the duodenum and jejunum and is separated from the cecum by the ileocecal valve (ICV). In humans, the ileum is about 2–4 m long, and the pH is usually between 7 and 8 (neutral or slightly basic).

Ileum is derived from the Greek word εἰλεός (eileós), referring to a medical condition known as ileus.
Sitabhinji Group of Rock Shelters
The Sitabhinji Group of Rock Shelters, also referred to as the Ravanachhaya Mural Rocks, is a 4th to 6th century CE rock-cut monument with a major painted mural and inscriptions near Danguapasi village of Kendujhar (Keonjhar) district of Odisha. Archaeological excavations after the 1950s have unearthed boulder sections with additional inscriptions in Sanskrit and early Odiya, coins and parts of pre-8th-century Hindu temple and artwork from the Bhanja dynasty.

The 4th-century Ravanachhaya painted mural is notable for one of the earliest tempera painting (chitra) in India, for its non-religious portrayal of a king's procession, as well as its Sanskrit inscription in the emerging eastern branch of the northern script. The other notable discoveries here include the late-Gupta chaturmukha (four faced) Shiva Linga dated to around the 5th or 6th-century CE.

The Sitabhinji Group of Rock Shelters site is managed and protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (N-OR-32).

Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.
Üçpınar, Musabeyli
Üçpınar is a village in the Musabeyli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 158 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 7 houses inhabited by Turks.

Kilis Province
Kilis Province (Turkish: Kilis ili) is a province in southern Turkey, on the border with Syria. Its area is 1,412 km2, and its population is 147,919 (2022). The province was created in 1995 from the southern part of Gaziantep Province. The city of Kilis is home to over 75% of the inhabitants of the province; the other towns and villages are very small.
Fort Reuenthal
Fort Reuenthal is a 20th-century Swiss fortification located in the Aargau canton near the Swiss border with Germany. Built between 1937 and 1939, the fort overlooks the Rhine where it bends around the town of Full-Reuenthal, and was intended to prevent a crossing of the Rhine at the hydroelectric plant at Dogern. It was a component of the Swiss Border Line of defenses. It is armed with two artillery blocks for 75 mm guns and two machine gun blocks.  The fort uses camouflage, with house-like superstructures over some positions. Deactivated as a military post in 1988, it is operated as a museum.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Nevio Skull
Nevio Skull (23 December 1903 – 3–4 May 1945) was a Fiuman Italian businessman and politician from Rijeka (now Croatia). From his father, Skull inherited the property of the "Foundry and factory machines of Matthew Skull", founded in Rijeka in 1878 and quickly became the largest private industry in the city before being taken over in 1935. After 1943 Skull was approached by emissaries of the Yugoslav Partisans, who attempted to convince him to support the annexation of the city of Rijeka to the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia.

Skull rejected these proposals, and with the surrender of Italy in World War II, a group of citizens issued a Liburnia Memorandum in which it was recommended that an Italian confederate state be formed from the free cantons of Rijeka (Fiume), Sušak (Sussak) and Ilirska Bistrica (Bisterza), with a planned condominium with the islands of Krk (Veglia), Cres (Cherso) and Lošinj (Lussino).

Cres
Cres is an Adriatic island in west Croatia. It is one of the northern islands in the Kvarner Gulf and can be reached via ferry from Rijeka, Krk island or from the Istrian peninsula (line Brestova-Porozina).

With an area of 405.78 square kilometres (156.67 mi2), Cres has the same size as the neighbouring Krk island. In 2011, Cres had a population of 3,079 people.

In the past, Cres and the neighbouring island of Lošinj used to be one island, but now they are divided by a channel and connected by a bridge that starts from the town of Osor. Cres's only freshwater source is Lake Vrana.