hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Music of Sumatra
The music of Sumatra, Indonesia, is characterized by dangdut and the use of rabab and saluang instruments.

The Sumatran Toba people are distinctive in their use of tuned drums to carry the melody in their music; this practice is very rare worldwide. The Toba also use an instrument similar to the oboe and several kinds of gongs. Ensembles include the gondang sabangunan.

The Batak Mandailing people is one of the ethnic group from the Province of North Sumatra. Their cultural heritage is the gordang sambilan (nine drums graded in size from large to small), complemented by two big gongs (agung), a bamboo flute (sarune or saleot), and a pair of small cymbals (tali sasayat).

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Indulal Yagnik
Indulal Kanaiyalal Yagnik (22 February 1892 – 17 July 1972) was an Indian independence activist and a Member of Parliament from 1957 to 1972. He was a leader of the All India Kisan Sabha and one who led the Mahagujarat Movement, which spearheaded the demand for the separate statehood of Gujarat on 8 August 1956. He is also known as Indu Chacha. He was also a writer and film maker.

Yagnik was elected to the 2nd Lok Sabha from Ahmedabad constituency in the erstwhile Bombay state in 1957. He was re-elected to the 3rd, 4th and 5th Lok Sabha from the same constituency from 1962 to 1972.

Ahmedabad Lok Sabha constituency
Ahmedabad was a Lok Sabha constituency in Gujarat state in western India, till 2008. After the reorg of 2009, Ahmedabad East Lok Sabha constituency and Ahmedabad West Lok Sabha constituency became the two constituencies from the city, sending representatives to the parliament.
Florence Nunatak
Florence Nunatak (62°13′07″S 58°36′03″W﻿ / ﻿62.21856°S 58.60072°W﻿ / -62.21856; -58.60072) is a conspicuous nunatak, 280 metres (920 ft) high, nearly 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) east of the head of Potter Cove in the southwest part of King George Island, South Shetland Islands. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 for the sealing vessel which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1876–77 during the revival of United States southern fur sealing. Some of the crew of the Florence wintered at Potter Cove during 1877; only one survived.

Potter Cove
Potter Cove is a cove indenting the south-west side of King George Island to the east of Barton Peninsula, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. An extinct volcano named Three Brothers Hill is located on its east side.
Potter Cove was known to sealers as early as 1821, and the name is now well established in international usage.
Varshavskoye Highway
Varshavskoye Highway (Russian: Варшавское шоссе, literally Warsaw Highway) is a major street in Moscow, Russia, continued beyond the city limit at Moscow Ring Road into Moscow Oblast as a backup route for M2 highway, a major trunk road. It continues the Bolshaya Tulskaya Street of central Moscow, and close from its start the Kashirskoye Highway branches from it.

55°38′27″N 37°37′11″E﻿ / ﻿55.64083°N 37.61972°E﻿ / 55.64083; 37.61972

Moscow Ring Road
The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (Russian: Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, romanized: Moskovskaya koltsevaya avtomobilnaya doroga), or MKAD (МКАД), is a ring road running predominantly on the city border of Moscow with a length of 108.9 km (67.7 mi) and 35 exits (including ten interchanges). It was completed in 1962. The speed limit is 100 km/h.
Panguma
Panguma is a village in eastern Sierra Leone, with a population of 7965. The village had previously been the capital of Mende chief Nyagua during the 19th century.

The community includes a Catholic hospital, partially supported by missionary work and charity. In 1972, a nosocomial outbreak of Lassa Fever in the Panguma Catholic Hospital attracted attention in the United States. In response, in 1976, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established research programs in Segbwema, Kenema, and Panguma to study the disease. The village was attacked on March 12, 1994, as part of the Sierra Leone Civil War, killing many of the missionaries working at the hospital.

A nearby land concession positively led to diamond retrieval in 2006.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Electoral division of Casuarina
Casuarina is an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. It was first created in 1974 and was named after the adjacent suburb of Casuarina. Casuarina is an entirely urban electorate, covering only 12 km2 and taking in the suburbs of Brinkin, Nakara, Tiwi and part of Alawa, as well as the Charles Darwin University. There were 5,647 people enrolled in the electorate as of August 2020.

Brinkin, Northern Territory
Brinkin is a northern suburb of Darwin, the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is located 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Darwin's central business district, and is home to the Casuarina campus of Charles Darwin University (formerly Northern Territory University's campus). It is the traditional country and waterways of the Larrakia people.
Shahbaz Khan Mosque
The Shahbaz Khan Mosque is a historic Sunni Hanafi mosque, located in Dhaka, in the Dhaka District of Bangladesh. Situated near Mir Jumla’s Gate, the mosque serves as an example of late Mughal architecture in Bengal, known as the Shaista Khan architectural style.

Shaista Khan
Mirza Abu Talib (b. 22 November 1600 – d. 1694), better known as Shaista Khan, was a general and the Subahdar of Mughal Bengal. He was maternal uncle to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, and acted as a key figure during his reign. Shaista Khan initially governed the Deccan, where he clashed with the Maratha ruler Shivaji. However, he was most notable for his tenure as the governor of Bengal from 1664 to 1688. Under Shaista Khan's authority, the city of Dhaka and Mughal power in the province attained its greatest heights. His achievements include construction of notable mosques such as the Sat Gambuj Mosque and masterminding the conquest of Chittagong. Shaista Khan was also responsible for sparking the Anglo-Mughal War with the English East India Company.
Olli Ojanaho
Olli Ojanaho (born February 25, 1997) is a Finnish orienteering competitor. He was born in Rovaniemi and started his youth career representing the club Ounasvaaran Hiihtoseura. As of 2017 Ojanaho lives in Helsinki and represents Helsingin Suunnistajat.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Nizampur Government College
Nizampur Government College (Bengali: নিজামপুর সরকারি কলেজ) is an educational institution located in Mirsharai Upazila of Chittagong District, Bangladesh. The college offers higher secondary and graduate classes. The college was established on 30 June 1964.

Higher Secondary Certificate
Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC), Higher Secondary School Certificate, Higher Secondary Education Certificate (HSEC) or Intermediate Examination is a secondary education qualification in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. It is equivalent to the final year of high school in the United States and A level in the United Kingdom.
Bibilov
Bibilov (Ossetian: Бибылты; Russian: Бибилов) is an Ossetian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Bibilova. Notable people with the surname include:

Anatoliy Bibilov (born 1970), Russian and South Ossetian military officer

Shota Bibilov (born 1990), Russian footballer of Ossetian descent

Anatoly Bibilov
Anatoly Ilyich Bibilov (born 6 February 1970) is a South Ossetian military officer, was the fourth president of South Ossetia. He succeeded Leonid Tibilov as president on 21 April 2017 to 24 May 2022, following his election victory, but was defeated by Alan Gagloev in the 2022 election.
Neo-Confederates
Neo-Confederates are groups and individuals who portray the Confederate States of America and its actions during the American Civil War in a positive light. The League of the South (formed in 1994), the Sons of Confederate Veterans (formed 1896), and other neo-Confederate organizations continue to defend the secession of the 11 Confederate States.

Nancy MacLean
Nancy K. MacLean (born 1959) is an American historian. She is the William H. Chafe Professor of History and Public Policy at Duke University. MacLean's research focuses on race, gender, labor history and social movements in 20th-century U.S. history, with particular attention to the U.S. South.
Lydia Ourahmane
Lydia Ourahmane (born 1992) is a conceptual artist based in Barcelona, London and Algiers.

Ourahmane's practise addresses how contemporary issues; geopolitics, migration and the histories of colonialism are registered on the body. Drawing on personal and collective narratives she incorporates video, sound, performance, sculpture and installation on an often large or monumental scale that have consequences beyond the walls of her exhibitions. Ourahmane challenges broader institutional structures through logistics and bureaucratic processes.

Her work was included in the 60th Venice Biennale, 15th Gwangju Biennale, 15th Istanbul Biennial (2017), 34th Bienal de São Paulo (2021), New Museum Triennial and Manifesta 12, Palermo (2018).

Gwangju Biennale
The Gwangju Biennale is a contemporary art biennale founded in September 1995 in Gwangju, South Jeolla province, South Korea. The Biennale is curated by both Korean and International curators and art critics and is hosted by the Gwangju Biennale Foundation and the city of Gwangju. The Gwangju Biennale Foundation also hosts the Gwangju Design Biennale, founded in 2004.
Amara Essy
Amara Essy (20 December 1944 – 8 April 2025) was an Ivorian diplomat and politician. Close to Félix Houphouët-Boigny, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Côte d'Ivoire between 1990 and 2000, and in this capacity he served as President of the 49th Session of the United Nations General Assembly between September 1994 and September 1995. Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in 2001, he became Interim Chairman of the African Union Commission when it was created in July 2002.

African Union Commission
The  African Union Commission (AUC) acts as the executive/administrative branch or secretariat of the African Union. It is headed by a chairperson and consists of a number of Commissioners dealing with different areas of policy.

The African Union Headquarters are in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It should be distinguished from the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, (based in Banjul, Gambia), which is a separate body that reports to the African Union.
Alestopetersius nigropterus
Alestopetersius nigropterus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Alestidae, the African tetras. This fish is found in  Lake Mai-Ndombe in the middle Congo River basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Lake Mai-Ndombe
Lake Mai-Ndombe (French: Lac Mai-Ndombe, Dutch: Mai-Ndombemeer) is a large freshwater lake in Mai-Ndombe province in western Democratic Republic of the Congo. 
The lake is within the Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe area, the largest Wetland of International Importance recognized by the Ramsar Convention in the world.
Cheduba Island
Cheduba Island (Burmese: မာန်အောင်ကျွန်း; also known as Manaung Island) is an island of Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal close to Ramree Island. It has a maximum length of 33 km (21 mi), with an area of approximately 523 km2 (202 sq mi). It belongs to Taungup District of Rakhine state.

Taungup District
Taungup District (Burmese: တောင်ကုတ်ခရိုင်) is a district of Rakhine State in western Myanmar. The capital is Taungup. 
The District was designated in 2022, splitting off parts of Thandwe District and Kyaukphyu District.
Punggi
Punggi-eup (Korean: 풍기읍) is a town in the outer regions of Yeongju City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea.  It has a population of about 16,000.

A portion of Sobaeksan National Park and the Memorial Park for the Korea Liberation Corps are located in Punggi-eup.

This town is well known throughout Korea for its Ginseng.

It is also the home of Dongyang University.

Sobaeksan National Park
Sobaeksan National Park (Korean: 소백산국립공원; Hanja: 小白山國立公園) is located in the provinces of Chungcheongbuk-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. It was designated as the 18th national park in 1987. It is named after the 1,439-metre (4,721 ft) mountain Sobaeksan. The park is home to 1,067 plant species and 2,639 animal species. Reintroduction program of the critically endangered Korean Foxes with captive animals from the Seoul Zoo has been run to reestablish the local population of 50 by 2020.
Cam out
Cam out (also cam-out or camming out) is a process by which a screwdriver slips out of the head of a screw being driven once the torque required to turn the screw exceeds a certain amount. Repeatedly camming out damages the screw, and possibly also the screwdriver, and should normally be avoided.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Chestnut (surname)
Chestnut is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ashlei Sharpe Chestnut, American actress

Ben Chestnut, American billionaire businessman

Charles S. Chestnut IV (born 1962), American politician

Cynthia M. Chestnut (born 1949), American politician

Cyrus Chestnut (born 1963), American jazz pianist, composer and producer

Duce Chestnut (born 2002), American football player

Harold Chestnut (1917–2001), American electrical and control engineer

J. L. Chestnut Jr. (1930–2008), American attorney and civil rights activist

Jacob Chestnut (1940–1998), American police officer

Jennings Chestnut, American luthier

Joey Chestnut (born 1983), American competitive eater

Julius Chestnut (born 2000), American football player

Morris Chestnut (born 1969), American  actor

Randy Chestnut (born 1971), American comedian

Johnson Chesnut Whittaker (1858–1931), American soldier

Jennings Chestnut
Jennings Chestnut, born in Conway, South Carolina, was an American luthier, specializing in mandolins.

Despite his lack of formal training, Chestnut's mandolins became popular among bluegrass musicians in and around Conway. He began making mandolins when he could not afford to buy one for his oldest son. Although able to play the banjo and guitar, Chestnut never learned to play the mandolin.
Asian Table Tennis Championships
The Asian Table Tennis Championships is a biennial table tennis tournament that the International Table Tennis Federation regards as a continental championship. From 1952 to 1972, the tournament was organized by the Table Tennis Federation of Asia. The Asian Table Tennis Union started its own Asian Championships due to a split between national table tennis associations in Asia.

International Table Tennis Federation
The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the governing body for national table tennis associations that use ITTF-approved sponge table tennis rackets. The federation oversees rules and regulations, seeks technological improvement for the sport, and organizes numerous international competitions, including the World Table Tennis Championships.
Trade unions in Ethiopia
The trade unions of Ethiopia have a total membership of approximately 300,000. Over 203,000 are members of the Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions (CETU).

Ethiopia has also ratified ILO conventions 29 (in 2003), 87 (1963), 98 (1963), 100 (1999), 105 (1999), 111 (1966), 138 (1999), and 182 (2003).

Equal Remuneration Convention
The Convention concerning Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value, or Equal Remuneration Convention is the 100th International Labour Organization Convention and the principal one aimed at equal remuneration for work of equal value for men and women. States parties may accomplish this through legislation, introduction of a system for wage determination and/or collective bargaining agreements. It is one of 8 ILO fundamental conventions.
2011 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships
The 2011 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships were held from November 19 to 26 at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center in Nanjing, China. The Pacific Championships acted as the Pacific Zone qualifiers for the 2012 World Curling Championships. The top two women's berths (China and Korea) qualified for the 2012 Ford World Women's Curling Championship in Lethbridge, Alberta, while the top two men's berths (China and New Zealand) qualified for the 2012 Capital One World Men's Curling Championship in Basel, Switzerland.

World Curling Championships
The World Curling Championships are the annual world championships for curling, organized by the World Curling Federation and contested by national championship teams. There are men's, women's and mixed doubles championships, as well as men's and women's versions of junior and senior championships. There is also a world championship for wheelchair curling. The men's championship started in 1959, while the women's started in 1979. The mixed doubles championship was started in 2008. Since 2005, the men's and women's championships have been held in different venues, with Canada hosting one of the two championships every year: the men's championship in odd years, and the women's championship in even years. Canada has dominated both the men's and women's championships since their inception, although Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany (West Germany), Scotland, the United States, Norway and China have all won at least one championship.
Ildefonso Acosta
Ildefonso Acosta Escobar (born 1939) is a Cuban guitarist. Born in Matanzas, he started his musical training at an early age, studying the violin and the trumpet. His teachers included Candido Failde, Rafael Somavilla and Dagoberto Hernandez Piloto. He also taught himself to play the guitar.

Acosta Escobar is well known as both a composer and a performer. He started performing in concerts in 1960, and has played extensively at home and abroad. Noted compositions include the award-winning "Quinteto para dos musicaturas cubanas" and "Homenaje al 26".

He is married to the musicologist Iraida Trujillo. He continues to live in Matanzas where he teaches the guitar and where he has served as the head of the local UNEAC. He won the Premio Nacional de Música de Cuba in 2019.

Matanzas
Matanzas (Latin American Spanish: [maˈtansas]; Lucumi: Ayá Áta) is the capital of the Cuban province of Matanzas. Known for its poets, culture, and Afro-Cuban folklore, it is located on the northern shore of the island of Cuba, on the Bay of Matanzas (Spanish Bahia de Matanzas), 102 kilometres (63 mi) east of the capital Havana and 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of the resort town of Varadero.

Matanzas is called the City of Bridges, for the seventeen bridges that cross the three rivers that traverse the city (Rio Yumuri, San Juan, and Canimar). For this reason it was referred to as the "Venice of Cuba." It was also called "La Atenas de Cuba" ("The Athens of Cuba") for its poets.

Matanzas is known as the birthplace of the music and dance traditions danzón and rumba.
Pork Bafat
Pork Bafat (also known as Dukra Maas) is a spicy pork curry from the Mangalorean Catholic community in India. The dish is characterized by its flavor, which comes from slow-cooking the pork in a spice blend called bafat powder. It is a close relative of Sarapatel.

The Bafat powder is a unique blend of spices (including Red Chillies, Coriander seed, Cumin, Peppercorns, Turmeric, and sometimes Mustard seed and Clove) and the Byadagi chilli. Some other ingredients include Vinegar and Tamarind.

This dish is usually made on Sunday in every Mangalorean Catholic house. It is usually served with sanna or pav (an Indo-Portuguese style Bread roll). which are perfect for a thick gravy.

The Pork Kaliz Ankiti is made in the same fashion but with the heart, the lungs and the intestines of the pig.

Mustard seed
Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (1⁄32 to 3⁄32 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are an important spice in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants: black mustard (Brassica nigra), brown mustard (B. juncea), or white mustard (Sinapis alba).

Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as mustard.