hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Perron
Robert Perron (18 August 1915 – 11 October 1982) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada and a lawyer.

He was educated at Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatiere College, then at Université Laval where he graduated with a Bachelor of Civil Law (LL.L) degree. Perron was appointed Queen's Counsel on 19 October 1955.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Dorchester riding in the 1953 general election. He served only one term, the 22nd Canadian Parliament, then was defeated by Joseph-Armand Landry of the Liberal party in the 1957 election. Perron made another attempt to win back the Dorchester riding in 1963, but was unsuccessful in unseating Social Credit incumbent Pierre-André Boutin. Perron was also unsuccessful when he campaigned at the Quebec East riding in the 1965 election.

1963 Canadian federal election
The 1963 Canadian federal election was held on April 8, 1963, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 26th Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the defeat of the minority Progressive Conservative (Tory) government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, with the Liberals returning to power for the first time in 6 years, where they would remain for twenty of the next twenty-one years (winning every election except the 1979 election until their landslide defeat in 1984).  For the Social Credit Party, despite getting their highest ever share of the vote, the party lost 6 seats compared to its high-water mark in 1962.

The 1963 election was the first in which all of the Northwest Territories were contained in an electoral district, and consequently the first in which 100% of Canadian territory was represented in Parliament.
NGC 4615
NGC 4615 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 5,022±20 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 241.6 ± 16.9 Mly (74.07 ± 5.19 Mpc). However, one non-redshift measurement gives a much closer distance of 213 Mly (65.4 Mpc). It was discovered by German astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on 9 May 1864.

NGC 4615 is listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 34, as an example of a galaxy that looks like a stretched-out S shape.

NGC 4615 and NGC 4614 are listed together as Holm 439 in Erik Holmberg's A Study of Double and Multiple Galaxies Together with Inquiries into some General Metagalactic Problems, published in 1937. This grouping was also listed by A. P. Mahtessian in a paper published in 1998.

Halton Arp
Halton Christian "Chip" Arp  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer.  He is remembered for his 1966 book Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, which catalogued unusual-looking galaxies and presented their images.

Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for advocating a non-standard cosmology incorporating intrinsic redshift. Arp developed those views in a book, Seeing Red: Redshift, Cosmology and Academic Science, in 1998.
K. Sarveswaran
Arumugam Kandiah Sarveswaran (Tamil: ஆறுமுகம் கந்தையா சர்வேஸ்வரன், romanized: Āṟumukam Kantaiyā Carvēsvaraṉ) is a Sri Lankan Tamil politician and provincial minister.

Sarveswaran is the brother of Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front leader Suresh Premachandran.

Sarveswaran contested the 2013 provincial council election as one of the Tamil National Alliance's candidates in Jaffna District and was elected to the Northern Provincial Council. After the election he was appointed to assist the Chief Minister on economic planning. He took his oath as provincial councillor in front of attorney-at-law K. Thayaparan at Vavuniya on 16 October 2013.

Sarveswaran was sworn in as Minister of Education, Sports and Youth Affairs and Cultural Affairs in front of Governor Reginald Cooray on 29 June 2017.

Vavuniya
Vavuniya (Tamil: வவுனியா, romanized: Vavuniyā, Sinhala: වවුනියාව, romanized: Vavuniyāva) is a city in Vavuniya District in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. The municipality is administered by a Municipal Council. The town has been known since ancient times, but being a heavily forested area, less than 100,000 people lived in the entire district before the Sri Lankan Civil War. The city is situated as a border town that divides the Tamil and Sinhalese population. To the south of the city are the Sinhala cities, and to the north are the Tamil cities. The city has a large population of Tamils, Muslims, and a significant number of Sinhalese. In the early days, Vavuniya was known as Vanni due to the abundance of Vanni Trees. The Security Forces Headquarters - Wanni is located in Vavuniya.
Ting (drink)
Ting is a carbonated beverage popular in the Caribbean. It is flavored with  Jamaican grapefruit juice (from concentrate) and is both tart and sweet. Ting comes in a green glass bottle, green plastic bottle or a green and yellow can. Like Orangina, the beverage contains a small amount of sediment consisting of grapefruit juice pulp. Ting is produced in the United Kingdom under license by Refresco Beverages.  Ting also now makes Pink Ting Soda, Orange Ting, Diet Ting Soda, and ginger beer.

Carbonation
Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.  In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids.

In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common. Metal hydroxides (MOH) and metal oxides (M'O) react with CO2 to give bicarbonates and carbonates:

MOH  +  CO2  →   M(HCO3)

M'O  +  CO2  →   M'CO3
Jamisontown
Jamisontown is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 56 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Penrith, and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region. It is on the eastern side of the Nepean River, just south of Penrith and bears the name of Thomas Jamison, a pioneer landowner and First Fleet surgeon.

Nepean River
The Nepean River (Darug: Yandhai), is a major perennial river, located in the south-west and west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The Nepean River, and, continuing by its downstream name, the Hawkesbury River, almost encircles the metropolitan region of Sydney.

The headwaters of the Nepean River rise near Robertson, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Sydney and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Tasman Sea. The river flows north in an unpopulated water catchment area into Nepean Reservoir, which supplies potable water for Sydney. North of the dam, the river forms the western edge of Sydney, flowing past the town of Camden and the city of Penrith, south of which flowing through the Nepean Gorge. Near Wallacia it is joined by the dammed Warragamba River; and north of Penrith, near Yarramundi, at its confluence with the Grose River, the Nepean becomes the Hawkesbury River.
Collmberg
Collmberg (Sorbian chołm - "Hill, mound“), regionally and colloquially called Collm, is the highest elevation in the  Nordsachsen district and of the Northwest Saxon Basin, situated 6 km west of Oschatz near the small village of Collm. Until the 19th Century it was also called Spielberg and has also been known as Oschatzer Collm.

Its height is 312.8 metres above sea level (NHN), although map data vary between 312 m and 318 m depending on the source. Collmberg is a landmark in Wermsdorf Forest.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Upsilon Leonis
Upsilon Leonis (υ Leo) is a star in the zodiac constellation of Leo. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.33. The distance to this star, as determined using parallax measurements, is about 182 light years. At that distance, the visual magnitude of the star is diminished by an estimated extinction factor of 0m.02 because of interstellar dust.

With an age of around 4 billion years, this star has evolved into a G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G9 III. It has 2.6 times the Sun's mass, but has expanded to 11.4 times the solar radius and shines with 56 times the luminosity of the Sun at an effective temperature of 4,842 K. The rate of rotation is too small to be measured, with a projected rotational velocity of 0.0 km/s. The chemical abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium, what astronomers term the star's metallicity, is less than half that in the Sun. It is most likely a member of the galactic thin disk population.

Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most of the normal currently detectable (i.e. non-dark) matter in the universe is either hydrogen or helium, and astronomers use the word metals as convenient shorthand for all elements except hydrogen and helium. This word-use is distinct from the conventional chemical or physical definition of a metal as an electrically conducting element. Stars and nebulae with relatively high abundances of heavier elements are called metal-rich when discussing metallicity, even though many of those elements are called nonmetals in chemistry.
Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama
Iwatsuki-ku (岩槻区, Iwatsuki-ku) is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the northeastern part of the city. As of 1 March 2021, the ward had an estimated population of 112,862 and a population density of 2,300 persons per km2. Its total area was 49.17 square kilometres (18.98 sq mi).

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Party lists for the 2024 South African election
This article displays the various political parties' party candidate lists for the 2024 South African general election.

The National Assembly of South Africa is elected every five years by party-list proportional representation using closed lists.

The lists were first published on 26 March 2024, with the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) allowing objections to be lodged, pending a final decision on 28 March 2024. In lists available on 27 March 2024, it was noticed that five parties had been removed, without notice from the IEC; Africa Restoration Alliance, All Game Changers, Arise South Africa, Bolsheviks Party of South Africa and Defenders of the People.

Incumbent Members of Parliament standing for re-election are highlighted in bold.

Michael Beaumont (South African politician)
Michael Eric Beaumont (born 12 February 1985) is a South African politician and political strategist. He is the national chairperson of ActionSA, which he helped establish in 2020. Formerly a Democratic Alliance staffer, he was the chief of staff to Herman Mashaba during his term as Mayor of Johannesburg from 2016 to 2019.
Colletotrichum orbiculare
Colletotrichum orbiculare is a plant pathogen of melons and cucumber. It causes the disease anthracnose that can effect curcubits causing lesions on various parts of the plant. It can effect cucumbers, melon, squash, watermelon and pumpkin, especially when the weather is rainy, humid and warm. It can be transmitted by seed as well as soil and survive between crops. It is also spread by feeding cucumber beetles, splashing water, tools and workers. Efforts to control the fungus include the practice of rotating cucurbits out for a 2-year period, planting cultivars with resistance, burning infected crops and careful control of weeds. Chemical control measures are also available.

Canker
A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather (via frost or windstorm damage) and animal damage can also cause stress to the plant resulting in cankers. Other causes of cankers is pruning when the bark is wet or using un-sterilized tools.

Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease.
Clare Grant
Clare Grant  is an American actress, model and producer. She co-founded Team Unicorn, which has produced several web series and music video parodies including "Geek and Gamer Girls" and "All About That Base". She also appeared in 2023 comedy horror film Hanky Panky.

Craig Brewer
Craig Houston Brewer (born December 6, 1971) is an American filmmaker. His 2005 movie Hustle & Flow won the Audience Award at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival and achieved commercial success, along with an Academy Award for Best Original Song, "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp". He is also known for directing the 2011 remake of Footloose, the 2019 film Dolemite Is My Name and the 2021 film Coming 2 America, the latter two films starring Academy Award nominee Eddie Murphy.
Kakawin Sutasoma
Kakawin Sutasoma is an Old Javanese poem in poetic meters (kakawin or kavya). It is the source of the motto of Indonesia, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, which is usually translated as Unity in Diversity, although it means '(Although) in pieces, yet One'. It is not without reason that the motto was taken from this kakawin as the kakawin teaches religious tolerance, specifically between the Hindu and Buddhist religions.

The Kakawin tells the epic story of Lord Sutasoma, and was written by Mpu Tantular in the 14th Century. The poem is played in wayang theatre.

Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.  Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, "prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.)
Wild Women: Gentle Beasts
Wild Women: Gentle Beasts is a feature documentary by Swiss director Anka Schmid, released in 2015. Schmid documents the life and work of female animal tamers from four nations: Egypt, France, Germany and Russia. The world premiere was at the film festival Visions du Réel in Nyon in April 2015. The international premiere was at the Hof International Film Festival in October 2015.

Nyon
Nyon (French pronunciation: [njɔ̃] ⓘ; historically German: Neuis or Neuss and Italian: Nione, [ˈnjoːne]) is a municipality in Nyon District in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located some 25 kilometers north east of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area. It lies on the shores of Lake Geneva and is the seat of Nyon District. The town has (as of December 2020) a population of 21,718 and is famous in the sporting world for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA). It is connected to the rest of Switzerland by way of the Route Suisse, the A1 Motorway and the railways of the Arc Lémanique.
Langside railway station
Langside railway station is a railway station that serves the Langside and Newlands area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is located on the Cathcart Circle Line. Services are provided by ScotRail. Services had previously been provided by ScotRail on behalf of Strathclyde Passenger Transport.

Strathclyde Partnership for Transport
Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT) is a regional transport partnership for the Strathclyde area of western Scotland. It is responsible for planning and coordinating regional transport, especially the public transport system in the area, including responsibility for operating the Glasgow Subway, the third-oldest in the world.
Park Ho-hyun
Park Ho-hyun (born 21 March 1978) is a South Korean female javelin thrower. She achieved her personal best of 55.58 m (182 ft 4 in) at the 2005 Asian Athletics Championships in Incheon, South Korea. This made her the Asian champion that year ahead of her compatriot Lee Young-sun. She was the sole gold medallist for the host nation at the event. In her younger years she won medals at the Asian Junior Athletics Championships in 1996 and 1997.

Asian U20 Athletics Championships
The Asian U20 Athletics Championships (formerly Asian Junior Athletics Championships) are the Asian championships open for those of age according to junior. It is currently organized by the Asian Athletics Association.
José Loiola
José Geraldo Loiola (born March 28, 1970) is a Brazilian former beach volleyball player. He won the gold medal at the 1999 Beach Volleyball World Championships in Marseille, partnering with Emanuel Rego.

Loiola began playing beach volleyball in the AVP in 1993 with partner Eduardo "Anjinho" Bacil. He was selected as the AVP Rookie of the Year in 1993. He eventually won 11 tournaments partnering with Adam Johnson and 17 partnering with Kent Steffes. He was named MVP of the AVP tour in 1997, and was voted Best Offensive Player of the AVP four times. In total, he won 55 tournaments and $1,900,000 in prize money in the AVP and FIVB. Loiola was noted for his exceptional vertical jump.

Loiola represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, and added a silver medal to his tally a year later at the 2001 Beach Volleyball World Championships in Klagenfurt, alongside Ricardo Santos.

1999 Beach Volleyball World Championships
These page shows the results of the II Beach Volleyball World Championships, held from 19 July to 24 July 1999 in Marseille, France. It was the second official edition of this event, after ten unofficial championships (1987-1996) all held in Rio de Janeiro, and the first to be organized in Europe. The event, organized every two years and with $600,000 in total prize money, was held in a special facility for 5,000 spectators. At the end of the competition the spectators totalled nearly 50,000.
Ifenprodil
Ifenprodil, sold under the brand names Cerocral, Dilvax, and Vadilex, is a cerebral vasodilator that has been marketed in some countries, including in Japan, Hong Kong, and France. It is currently under development for treatment of a variety of additional indications.

Ifenprodil has multiple known pharmacological actions. It is an inhibitor of the NMDA receptor, specifically of NMDA receptors containing GluN1 and GluN2B subunits, the "ifenprodil binding site". Additionally, ifenprodil inhibits GIRK channels and interacts with α1-adrenergic, serotonin, and sigma receptors.

Chemically, ifenprodil is a substituted phenethylamine and β-hydroxyamphetamine derivative. It is used pharmaceutically as the tartrate salt.

Tartrate
A tartrate is a salt or ester of the organic compound tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid. The formula of the tartrate dianion is O−OC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COO− or C4H4O62−.

The main forms of tartrates used commercially are pure crystalline tartaric acid used as an acidulant in non-alcoholic drinks and foods, cream of tartar used in baking, and Rochelle salt, commonly used in electroplating solutions.
The American Idol Experience
The American Idol Experience was a theme park attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort.  Inspired by the popular American television series American Idol, the attraction invited park guests 14 years or older to audition in front of live audiences who would vote for their favorite singers.

American Idol season 14
The fourteenth season of American Idol, also known as American Idol XIV, premiered on the Fox television network on January 7, 2015. Ryan Seacrest returned as host, while Harry Connick Jr., Jennifer Lopez, and Keith Urban returned as judges. Randy Jackson departed as the in-house mentor and was replaced by Scott Borchetta. Long-time sponsor Coca-Cola ended its relationship with the show.

Before the finale, it was announced that the fifteenth season would be the last of the reality show. Since the series began in 2002, it peaked in viewership at 30 million viewers per episode in 2006, declining to 20 million viewers per episode in 2011, and down further since with an average of about 9.15 million viewers per episode in 2015.

On May 13, Nick Fradiani was announced as this season's winner, with Clark Beckham as the runner-up.
WolfBlock
WolfBlock LLP (formerly Wolf, Block, Schorr & Solis-Cohen) was a large U.S. law firm and lobbying group based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The National Law Journal ranked WolfBlock the 149th-largest firm in the United States, and the 10th-largest in Philadelphia, by number of attorneys. The firm was known for being one of the oldest law firms in Philadelphia.

University of Pennsylvania Law School
The University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (abbreviated as Penn Carey Law or Penn Law) is the law school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Penn Carey Law offers the degrees of Juris Doctor (J.D.), Master of Laws (LL.M.), Master of Comparative Laws (LL.C.M.), Master in Law (M.L.), and Doctor of the Science of Law (S.J.D.).

The entering class typically consists of approximately 250 students. Penn Carey Law's 2020 weighted first-time bar passage rate was 98.5 percent. For the class of 2024, 49 percent of students were women, 40 percent identified as persons of color, and 12 percent of students enrolled with an advanced degree.
Dundee TMD
56°27′14″N 2°59′02″W﻿ / ﻿56.453801°N 2.984021°W﻿ / 56.453801; -2.984021

Dundee TMD was a traction maintenance depot located in Dundee, Scotland. The depot, in Dundee's West End was situated beside Buckingham Junction, on the Glasgow–Dundee line and near the closed Dundee Esplanade railway station on the East Coast Main Line's northern extension.

The depot code was DE.

West End, Dundee
The West End is an area of Dundee, Scotland. Bordered to the south by the River Tay, to the north by Blackness and to the east by the city centre, the West End is primarily an affluent residential area surrounding its main commercial thoroughfare, Perth Road, and the main campus of the University of Dundee.

Since 1998, the city council has developed a "Cultural Quarter" at the boundary between the city centre and the West End which is now home to the Dundee Repertory Theatre, the Whitehall Theatre, the Dundee Science Centre and Dundee Contemporary Arts building as well as other commercial galleries and studios, and the university's Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design.