hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Ladkani
Richard Ladkani (born July 21, 1973) is an independent Austrian director and cinematographer known for documentary films such as The Ivory Game and Sea of Shadows. Ladkani has received the Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival, the Cinema for Peace Award (Berlin), the FIPRESCI Award and was nominated for the DGA Awards, Cinema Eye Honors, an Emmy, and the IDA Awards. The Ivory Game and Jane's Journey were both shortlisted for an Academy Award. Since 2020, he's been a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars) Documentary Branch.

In 2015, Richard Ladkani and his wife Anita founded the film production company Malaika Pictures.

Cinema Eye Honors
The Cinema Eye Honors are awards recognizing excellence in nonfiction or documentary filmmaking and include awards for the disciplines of directing, producing, cinematography and editing. The awards are presented each January in New York and have been held since 2011 at the Museum of the Moving Image in Astoria, Queens. Cinema Eye was created to celebrate artistic craft in nonfiction filmmaking, addressing a perceived imbalance in the field where awards were given for social impact or importance of topic rather than artistic excellence.
Antoine Augustin Calmet
Antoine Augustin Calmet O.S.B. (French: [ɑ̃twan oɡystɛ̃ kalmɛ]; 26 February 1672 – 25 October 1757) was a French Benedictine abbot, born in Ménil-la-Horgne, then in the Duchy of Bar, part of the Holy Roman Empire (now the French department of Meuse, located in the region of Lorraine).

Calmet was a monk as well as a learned man, and one of the most distinguished members of the Congregation of St. Vanne. In recognition of these qualities he was elected prior of Lay-Saint-Christophe in 1715, Abbot of St-Léopold at Nancy in 1718, and of Senones Abbey in 1729. He was twice entrusted with the office of Abbot General of the congregation. Pope Benedict XIII wished to confer episcopal dignity upon him, but his humility could not be brought to accept the honor. Calmet died at Senones Abbey, in the Vosges, near Saint-Dié, on 25 October 1757.

Prior (ecclesiastical)
Prior (or  prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a  superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". The office may head a local house, a region of houses (prior provincial), or the entire order (prior general). Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be lower in rank than the abbey's abbot or abbess.
Villefranche-de-Rouergue station
Villefranche-de-Rouergue is a railway station in Villefranche-de-Rouergue, Occitanie, France. The station is on the Brive-Toulouse (via Capdenac) line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.

Brive-la-Gaillarde–Toulouse (via Capdenac) railway
The Brive-la-Gaillarde - Toulouse (via Capdenac) railway is a 248-kilometre French railway line that connects the rural areas between Brive-la-Gaillarde and the large southern city of Toulouse via Figeac and Capdenac. The railway was opened in several stages between 1858 and 1864.
2021–22 Tour de Ski
The 2021–22 Tour de Ski was the 16th edition of the Tour de Ski and part of the 2021–22 FIS Cross-Country World Cup. The World Cup stage event began in Lenzerheide, Switzerland on 28 December 2021 and concluded with the Final Climb stage in Val di Fiemme, Italy, on 4 January 2022. The tour was the fourth edition starting in Lenzerheide. Alexander Bolshunov from Russia and Jessie Diggins from United States were the title defenders.

Bolshunov wasn't able to win, as Johannes Høsflot Klæbo from Norway took the yellow bib on first stage and extended the lead over Russian to over two minutes. This is second overall victory for Klæbo. Natalya Nepryayeva won the women competition after her two overall second places in the past and became the first Russian female to win Tour de Ski.

Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐstˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a  municipality located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps of southern Germany. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany, and being one of its highest towns, is known for its skiing and hiking parks.

At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.
Sandıklı
Sandıklı is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sandıklı District. Its population is 54,851 (2024). Adnan Öztaş was elected from the AK Party in the 2024 Turkish Local Elections.

Sandıklı is famed for its marble quarries, its dairy cream kaymak, and its Turkish delight. People also come from all over Turkey to bathe in the hot springs and natural mud baths in the district.

Afyonkarahisar Province
Afyonkarahisar Province (Turkish: Afyonkarahisar ili), often shortened to Afyon Province, is a province in western Turkey. Its area is 14,016 km2, and its population is 747,555 (2022). The provincial capital is Afyonkarahisar.

Adjacent provinces are Kütahya to the northwest, Uşak to the west, Denizli to the southwest, Burdur to the south, Isparta to the southeast, Konya to the east, and Eskişehir to the north.
Manwaring
Manwaring is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francis Macdonald Manwaring, Canadian politician

George Manwaring (1854–1889), a hymn writer of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)

Hyrum Manwaring (1877–1856), American president of Ricks College in Rexburg, Idaho from 1930 to 1944.

Kirt Manwaring (born 1965), professional baseball player

Michael Manwaring (born 1942), American designer and artist

Robert Manwaring, he was an English 18th century furniture designer and cabinet maker.

Rexburg, Idaho
Rexburg is a city in Madison County, Idaho, United States.  The population was 39,409 at the 2020 census.  The city is the county seat of Madison County and its largest city.  Rexburg is the principal city of the Rexburg micropolitan area, which includes Fremont and Madison counties. The city is home to Brigham Young University–Idaho (BYU-Idaho), a private institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Kinston and Snow Hill Railroad
The Kinston and Snow Hill Railroad is a short-line railroad in Kinston, North Carolina. The railroad operates a 5.7-mile (9.2 km) industrial spur from a junction with the Norfolk Southern Railway to the Global TransPark. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Gulf and Ohio Railways. It is named for a railroad of the same name which operated the same route from 1903 to 1913. The railroad owns a single EMD SW900 locomotive, former Lancaster and Chester #90.

In August 2022, Gulf & Ohio chose not to renew the lease to operate this railroad and Jaguar Transport Holdings acquired leasehold rights to the track owned by the N.C. Department of Transportation (NCDOT). The railroad's new name is simply Kinston Railroad. The SW900 remains on property.

Shortline railroad
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that operates over a relatively short distance relative to larger, national railroad networks. The term is used primarily in the United States and Canada. In the former, railroads are categorized by operating revenue, and most shortline railroads fall into the Class III or Class II categorization defined by the Surface Transportation Board.
Akhmerovo, Beloretsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Akhmerovo (Russian: Ахмерово; Bashkir: Әхмәр, Äxmär) is a rural locality (a village) in Tukansky Selsoviet, Beloretsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 24 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Beloretsky District
Beloretsky District (Russian: Белоре́цкий райо́н; Bashkir: Белорет районы, Beloret rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast in the north, Uchalinsky District in the east, Abzelilovsky District in the southeast, Burzyansky District in the south, Ishimbaysky District in the southwest, and with Gafuriysky and Arkhangelsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 11,302.58 square kilometers (4,363.95 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Beloretsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 38,442.
Coat of arms of Budapest
The coat of arms of Budapest (capital city of Hungary) has existed since 1873, when the three main cities next to the Danube river (Buda, Pest and Óbuda) were united in one after existing during a millennium separately. The city committee that was planning the city's unification asked the master-painter Lajos Friedrich to design the coat of arms based on the cities' previous symbols and coats.

Óbuda
Óbuda (German: Alt-Ofen, lit. 'Ur-Buda'  or 'Old Buda') is, together with Buda and Pest, one of the three cities that were unified to form the Hungarian capital city of Budapest in 1873. Today, together with Békásmegyer, Óbuda forms a part of the city's third district, although the toponym is also sometimes used for northern Buda as a whole.

The neighborhood proper is centered on Fő tér beside the Szentlélek tér BHÉV station. Óbuda Island, which lies in the Danube beside Óbuda, hosts the Sziget Festival, a major annual music and cultural festival.
5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate Delta-isomerase
In enzymology, a 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate Delta-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate  5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate, and one product, 5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases transposing C=C bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate Delta2,Delta4-2-oxo,Delta3-isomerase. This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism and benzoate degradation via hydroxylation.

Isomerase
In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows:

There is only one substrate yielding one product. This product has the same molecular formula as the substrate but differs in bond connectivity or spatial arrangement. Isomerases catalyze reactions across many biological processes, such as in glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism.
Margenau-Hill quasiprobability distribution
The Margenau-Hill quasiprobability distribution (MH) is a mathematical tool used in quantum mechanics, particularly in quantum information science, quantum optics, and quantum thermodynamics, to describe the joint "quasiprobability" of outcomes for measurements of multiple, potentially non-commuting observables (quantities that cannot be precisely measured simultaneously). It is commonly used as a phase-space description of quantum states, similar to the Wigner quasiprobability distribution and Kirkwood–Dirac quasiprobability distribution. It was introduced by Henry Margenau and Robert Nyden Hill in 1961.

Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.
Artur Avila
Artur Avila Cordeiro de Melo (Brazilian Portuguese: [aʁˈtuʁ ˈavilɐ koʁˈde(j)ɾu dʒi ˈmɛlu]; born 29 June 1979) is a Brazilian mathematician working primarily in the fields of dynamical systems and spectral theory. He is one of the winners of the 2014 Fields Medal, being the first Latin American and lusophone to win such award. He has been a researcher at both the IMPA and the CNRS (working a half-year in each one). He has been a professor at the University of Zurich since September 2018.

Portuguese-speaking world
The Portuguese-speaking world, also known as the Lusophone world (Portuguese: mundo lusófono) or the Lusophony (Lusofonia), comprises the countries and territories in which the Portuguese language is an official, administrative, cultural, or secondary language. This article provides details regarding the geographical distribution of all Portuguese-speakers or Lusophones, regardless of legislative status. Portuguese is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and is an official language of countries on four continents.
Caribbean Journal of Science
The Caribbean Journal of Science is a biannual peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal publishing articles, research notes, and book reviews related to science in the Caribbean, with an emphasis on botany, zoology, ecology, conservation biology, geology, archaeology, and paleontology. The journal was established in 1961 with the sponsorship of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Miloslavskoye, Ryazan Oblast
Miloslavskoye (Russian: Милосла́вское) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Miloslavsky District of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. Population:  4,478 (2010 Census); 4,813 (2002 Census); 4,995 (1989 Soviet census).

Ryazan Oblast
Ryazan Oblast (Russian: Рязанская область, romanized: Ryazanskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city.
Yang Sung-sook
Brigadier-General Yang Sung-sook was a South Korean army officer.

Yang was born in 1949/50 and attended Chonnam National University from which she graduated with a bachelor's degree in nursing science. She joined the Republic of Korea Army in 1973 as a second lieutenant.  By 2001 Yang had reached the rank of colonel.  That year she was promoted to brigadier-general upon assuming command of the Military Nursing Academy.  Yang was the first woman in South Korea to become a general officer.  Yang was quoted at the time as saying: "As the nation's first female general, I will do my best for the military and the country. I hope this promotion will encourage other female officers"

The press coverage around Yang's appointment has been used as an example of gendered news reporting: South Korean press reports complimented Yang on her skill at making kimchi soup and in applying her make-up, rather than any military expertise.  Yang retired from the military in 2004.

Chonnam National University
Chonnam National University (CNU; Korean: 전남대학교) is a national university located in Gwangju and South Jeolla Province, Republic of Korea. The University was founded in 1952, under the motto “Truth, Creativity and Service”, by merging five provincial colleges in South Jeolla Province and is now widely recognized as one of the Korea’s ten Flagship Korean National Universities. Following its second merger with Yosu National University in 2006, CNU has operated a specialized multi-campus system across Gwangju, Yeosu and Hwasun.
Allium przewalskianum
Allium przewalskianum is an Asian species of wild onion in the Amaryllis family.

The species is widely distributed in mountains areas in the Himalayas (India, Nepal, Pakistan) and parts of China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Tibet, Yunnan).

Allium przewalskianum has narrow bulbs up to 10 mm across. Scape is up to 40 cm tall, round in cross-section. Leaves are tubular, about the same length as the scape. Umbel is densely crowded with many red or dark purple flowers.

Allium przewalskianum is one of two species referred to as jimbu in Nepal, used in Nepalese cuisine. The other is Allium hypsistum.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Nuevo Mundo (magazine)
Nuevo Mundo was a Spanish illustrated magazine published between 1894 and 1933 in Madrid. It gave rise to a new type of magazine in Spain. Together with the Blanco y Negro magazine, it bet on the inclusion of a large number of photographs, to the detriment of the style imposed by La Ilustración Española y Americana and its characteristic engravings. At its peak, it reached a circulation of 266.000 copies on a photographic report on the Barranco del Lobo, published on 1909. The last issue of Nuevo Mundo was published on December 28, 1933.

Battle of Wolf Ravine
The Battle of Wolf Ravine, also referred to as the Disaster of Wolf Ravine (Spanish: Desastre del Barranco del Lobo), was a military engagement between the Spanish army and the Riffian army; the battle was a military disaster for the Spanish army.
Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting
The Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting (MOFTB) is the oldest film commission in the United States. It is New York City’s agency responsible for coordinating municipal support for film and television production, including approving film shoots and liaising with government agencies and promoting the industry. The office provides free permits, free public locations, and free police escorts. It also provides shooting guidelines, insurance information, and other useful information for local film and media production. Built upon mayoral initiatives dating back to Mayor John V. Lindsay in 1966 and Mayor Abraham Beame in 1974, the Mayor's Office today supports an industry that generates over $5 billion annually and employs over 100,000 New Yorkers.

John Lindsay
John Vliet Lindsay (/vliːt/; November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician and lawyer. During his political career, Lindsay was a U.S. congressman, the mayor of New York City, and a candidate for U.S. president. He was also a regular guest host of Good Morning America. Lindsay served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from January 1959 to December 1965 and as mayor of New York from January 1966 to December 1973.

In 1971, during his second term as mayor, Lindsay switched from the Republican to the Democratic Party. That same year, he launched a brief and unsuccessful bid for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination. He made an unsuccessful bid to become the Democratic candidate in the 1980 U.S. Senate election in New York.
Fornication
Fornication generally refers to consensual sexual intercourse between two people who are not married to each other. When a married person has consensual sexual relations with one or more partners whom they are not married to, it is called adultery. John Calvin viewed adultery to be a sexual act that is considered outside of the divine model for sexual intercourse between married individuals, which includes fornication.

For many people, the term carries an overtone of moral or religious disapproval, but the significance of sexual acts to which the term is applied varies between religions, societies, and cultures. In modern usage, the term is often replaced with more judgment-neutral terms such as premarital sex, extramarital sex, or recreational sex.

Consent
Consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. It is a term of common speech, with specific definitions used in such fields as the law, medicine, research, and sexual consent. Consent as understood in specific contexts may differ from its everyday meaning. For example, a person with a mental disorder, a low mental age, or under the legal age of sexual consent may willingly engage in a sexual act that still fails to meet the legal threshold for consent as defined by applicable law.

United Nations agencies and initiatives in sex education programs believe that teaching the topic of consent as part of a comprehensive sexuality education is beneficial. Types of consent include implied consent, express consent, informed consent and unanimous consent.
George Lindsey
George Smith Lindsey (December 17, 1928 – May 6, 2012) was an American actor and stand-up comedian, best known for his role as Goober Pyle on The Andy Griffith Show, Mayberry R.F.D. and his subsequent tenure on Hee-Haw.

NewsRadio
NewsRadio is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from March 21, 1995, to May 4, 1999, focusing on the work lives of the staff of a New York City AM news radio station. It had an ensemble cast featuring Dave Foley, Stephen Root, Andy Dick, Maura Tierney, Vicki Lewis, Joe Rogan, Khandi Alexander, and Phil Hartman in his final regular role before his death in 1998; Jon Lovitz joined the show after Hartman's death.

The series was created by executive producer Paul Simms and was filmed in front of a studio audience at CBS Studio Center and Sunset Gower Studios. The theme song was composed by Mike Post, who also scored the pilot.
T-schema
The T-schema ("truth schema", not to be confused with "Convention T") is used to check if an inductive definition of truth is valid, which lies at the heart of any realisation of Alfred Tarski's semantic theory of truth. Some authors refer to it as the "Equivalence Schema", a synonym introduced by Michael Dummett.

The T-schema is often expressed in natural language, but it can be formalized in many-sorted predicate logic or modal logic; such a formalisation is called a "T-theory." T-theories form the basis of much fundamental work in philosophical logic, where they are applied in several important controversies in analytic philosophy.

As expressed in semi-natural language (where 'S' is the name of the sentence abbreviated to S): 'S' is true if and only if S.

Example: 'snow is white' is true if and only if snow is white.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.