hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tangzhong
Tangzhong (Chinese: 湯種; pinyin: tāngzhǒng; [tʰáŋʈʂʊ̌ŋ]), also known as a water roux or yu-dane (Japanese: 湯種, romanized: yu-dane; [jɯ̟da̠ne̞]) is a paste of flour cooked in water or milk to over 65 °C (149 °F) which is used to improve the texture of bread and increase the amount of time it takes to stale.

Tangzhong is a gel, which helps stabilize the wheat starches in the bread, to prevent recrystallization which is the main cause of staling. The Chinese characters for the technique translate to "hot water seed".

Staling
Staling, or "going stale", is a chemical and physical process in bread and similar foods that reduces their palatability. Stale bread is dry and hard, making it less suitable for different culinary uses than fresh bread. Countermeasures and destaling techniques may reduce staling.
Oxegen 2011
Oxegen 2011 was the eighth Oxegen festival to take place since 2004. It took place on the weekend of Friday 8 July, Saturday, 9 July and Sunday, 10 July at Punchestown Racecourse near Naas in County Kildare, Ireland. Arctic Monkeys, Beyoncé, Black Eyed Peas, Coldplay, Foo Fighters and The Strokes were among the headlining acts.
On the final night of the festival Christy Moore came on stage to sing with headliners Coldplay at the end of their set.

Eels (band)
Eels (often typeset as eels or EELS) is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1991 by singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Mark Oliver Everett, known by the stage name E. Band members have changed over the years, both in the studio and on stage, making Everett the only official member for most of the band's work. Eels' music is often filled with themes of family, death, and unrequited love. Since 1996, Eels has released fifteen studio albums, seven of which entered the Billboard 200.
Grenchen
Grenchen (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈɡrɛnçn̩]; French: Granges [ɡʁɑ̃ʒ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

It is located at the foot of the Jura mountains between Solothurn and Biel/Bienne, approximately 25 km (16 mi) north of Bern. With over 16,000 inhabitants, it is one of the larger towns of the canton of Solothurn. The city is well known for its watch industry, that has been present for more than 150 years.

Grenchen was the 2008 winner of the Wakker Prize for architectural heritage.

Jura-Sternwarte Grenchen is located at Grenchen.

Canton of Solothurn
The canton of Solothurn or canton of Soleure (German: Kanton Solothurn; Romansh: Chantun Soloturn; French: Canton de Soleure; Italian: Canton Soletta) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the northwest of Switzerland. The capital is Solothurn.
Winesburg, Holmes County, Ohio
Winesburg is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Paint Township, Holmes County, Ohio, in the United States. The population was 340 at the 2020 census. The community sits on the crest of a hill in the Amish country of Ohio. It lies along U.S. Route 62.

It is not the setting of the novel Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson, a collection of inter-related fictional short stories about citizens of a small town set in the early 20th century.

Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson (September 13, 1876 – March 8, 1941) was an American novelist and short story writer, known for subjective and self-revealing works. Self-educated, he rose to become a successful copywriter and business owner in Cleveland and Elyria, Ohio. In 1912, Anderson had a nervous breakdown that led him to abandon his business and family to become a writer.

At the time, he moved to Chicago and was eventually married three additional times. His most enduring work is the short-story sequence Winesburg, Ohio, which launched his career. Throughout the 1920s, Anderson published several short story collections, novels, memoirs, books of essays, and a book of poetry. Though his books sold reasonably well, his only bestseller was Dark Laughter (1925), a novel inspired by Anderson's time in New Orleans during the 1920s.
Equestrian statue of Frederick III
The equestrian statue of Frederick III (German: Reiterstandbild Friedrich III; Polish: Pomnik konny Fryderyka III) was a monument in Szczecin, Poland, placed at the current Adam Mickiewicz Square, at the southwestern end of the Stefan Żeromski Park. It was a bronze equestrian statue of Frederick III, the King of Prussia from 1831 to 1888, and the Emperor of Germany in 1888. It was designed by Ludwig Manzel, unveiled in 1913, and removed and subsequently destroyed in 1942. Currently, in its place stands the Adam Mickiewicz Monument.

Equestrian statue
An equestrian statue is a statue of a rider mounted on a horse, from the Latin eques, meaning 'knight', deriving from equus, meaning 'horse'. A statue of a riderless horse is strictly an equine statue. A full-sized equestrian statue is a difficult and expensive object for any culture to produce, and figures have typically been portraits of rulers or, in the Renaissance and more recently, military commanders.

Although there are outliers, the form is essentially a tradition in Western art, used for imperial propaganda by the Roman emperors, with a significant revival in Italian Renaissance sculpture, which continued across Europe in the Baroque, as mastering the large-scale casting of bronze became more widespread, and later periods.

Statues at well under life-size have been popular in various materials, including porcelain, since the Renaissance. The riders in these may not be portraits, but figures from classical mythology or generic figures such as Native Americans.
Chris St. Clair
Chris St. Clair (born in or around 1960) is a Canadian weather presenter and author who, until his retirement, was the host of Saturday and Sunday morning and early afternoon broadcasts on The Weather Network. As he has said on the show, he grew up in Halifax. For The Weather Network, St. Clair also hosted WeatherWise, a segment where he explained different weather phenomena.  St. Clair attended Acadia University, and is a former commercial airline pilot. St. Clair also appeared on the January 25, 2011 episode of the Rick Mercer Report on CBC Television.

St. Clair retired from The Weather Network on Saturday, July 25, 2021, after 26 years. He was the station's longest-serving host, having joined the station in 1995.

Weather presenter
A weather presenter (also known as a weather girl, weatherman or weather broadcaster) is a person who presents the weather forecast daily on radio, television or internet news broadcasts.

Using tools such as projected weather maps, they inform the viewers of the current and future weather conditions, explain underlying reasons, and relay weather hazards and warnings issued for their region, country or larger areas.

A weather presenter is not necessarily qualified as a meteorologist. Preparation to become a weather presenter varies by country and media. It can range from an introduction to meteorology for a television host to a diploma in meteorology from a recognized university.
2003 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2003 West Coast Conference men's basketball tournament took place March 7–10, 2003. All rounds were held in San Diego, California at the Jenny Craig Pavilion. The semifinals were televised by ESPN2. The West Coast Conference Championship Game was televised by ESPN.

The San Diego Toreros earned their first WCC Tournament title and an automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA tournament. Jason Keep of San Diego was named Tournament MVP.

Jason Keep
Jason Beau Keep (born May 9, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player who began his collegiate career with the Oklahoma State Cowboys before transferring to the San Diego Toreros. He was undrafted in the 2003 NBA draft but tried out for multiple NBA teams, including the Indiana Pacers, San Antonio Spurs, Houston Rockets, and Sacramento Kings. Keep played professionally overseas in the Philippines, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Egypt, Chile, Poland, Argentina, Mexico, France, and Germany. He holds the NBA Draft Combine bench press record with 27 repetitions. Keep also played for C.D. Universidad de Concepción Básquetbol in the División Mayor del Básquetbol de Chile and was awarded MVP of the West Coast Conference tournament. He currently owns and operates a mobile tattoo business, Keep N' Ink Tattoo Business, and has achieved a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of San Diego.
Mike Urquhart
Mike Urquhart (April 9, 1958 – December 9, 2023) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach and general manager. He played junior hockey with the Kamloops Chiefs of the Western Hockey League. He played professionally in the United Kingdom for the Nottingham Panthers, Oxford City Stars, Cardiff Devils, Chelmsford Chieftains, Guildford Flames, Bracknell Bees and Milton Keynes Kings.

Following his playing career, Urquhart was a head coach for Livingston Kings in Scotland, and he was also assistant coach of the Guildford Flames, general manager and head coach of the Nottingham Lions, coach of the Nottingham Leopards and head coach of the Nottingham Tigers during the 1980s and 2000s. Internationally, he coached the Great Britain men's national ice hockey team seniors, under-18 and under-20 teams. He was inducted into the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame in 2007.

Urquhart died in Nottingham on December 9, 2023, at the age of 65.

Great Britain men's national junior ice hockey team
The British men's national under 20 ice hockey team is the national under-20 ice hockey team of the United Kingdom. The team represents the United Kingdom at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Junior Championship's Division I.
Isabella (1827 ship)
Isabella was a 323-ton merchant ship built in Whitby, England in 1827. She made one voyage transporting convicts in 1840 from Ireland to Australia. She was wrecked on a reef off the Caroline Islands in 1841.

Caroline Islands
The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea. Politically, they are divided between the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in the central and eastern parts of the group, and Palau at the extreme western end. Historically, this area was also called Nuevas Filipinas or New Philippines, because they were part of the Spanish East Indies and were governed from Manila in the Philippines.

The Carolines are scattered across a distance of approximately 3,540 kilometres (2,200 mi; 1,910 nmi), from the westernmost island, Tobi, in Palau, to the easternmost island, Kosrae, a state of the FSM.
Vincent, Ohio
Vincent is a census-designated place in southern Barlow Township, Washington County, Ohio, United States. It lies along State Route 339 near Tupper Creek, a subsidiary of the Little Hocking River, which in turn meets the Ohio River at Little Hocking to the south. The population was 329 at the 2020 census.

Little Hocking, Ohio
Little Hocking is a census-designated place in southern Belpre Township, Washington County, Ohio, United States.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 45742. The population of the CDP was 244 at the 2020 census.

Little Hocking lies along the Ohio River south of Marietta.  It sits at the intersection of U.S. Route 50 with State Route 124 and County Road 26, where the Little Hocking River meets the Ohio River.
William Saunders House
The William Saunders House is an historic house at 6 Prentiss Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a front-facing gable roof.  Two-story pilasters separate the bays, and there is an entablature below the fully pedimented gable.  A single-story porch extends across the facade.  The house was built by housewright William Saunders for his son, also named William. The Saunders family resided at the home for 55 years.  Originally located on Massachusetts Avenue, it was moved to its present location in 1926.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It served as a nursing home for a time in the 20th century, and is now operated as the Mary Prentiss Inn.

Massachusetts Avenue (metropolitan Boston)
Massachusetts Avenue (colloquially referred to as Mass Ave) is a major thoroughfare in Boston, Massachusetts, and several cities and towns northwest of Boston. According to Boston magazine, "Its 16 miles of blacktop run from gritty industrial zones to verdant suburbia, homeless encampments, passing gentrified brownstones, college campuses and bustling commercial strips."
SBUDNIC
SBUDNIC was a 3U (one unit) CubeSat designed and built by an interdisciplinary group of undergraduate and graduate students at Brown University and the National Research Council of Italy, for research and educational purposes. The satellite was an open-source hardware project designed to be cheaply and easily reproduced, using commercial off-the-shelf parts like an Arduino Nano and AA Energizer batteries.

The project was financed by Brown's Undergraduate Finance Board, the National Research Council of Italy, and Rhode Island's NASA Space Grant Consortium. The satellite was deployed from D-Orbit's ION Satellite Carrier on the SpaceX Falcon 9 Transporter 5 mission.

The satellite decayed from orbit on 10 August 2023.

Energizer
Energizer Holdings, Inc. is an American manufacturer and one of the world's largest manufacturers of batteries, headquartered in Clayton, Missouri. It produces batteries under the Energizer, Ray-O-Vac, Varta, and Eveready brand names and formerly owned several personal care businesses until it separated that side of the business into a new company called Edgewell Personal Care in 2015.

In January 2018, Energizer announced it was purchasing the global battery and lighting division from Spectrum Brands, which includes the Ray-O-Vac and Varta brands, for $2 billion in cash. This acquisition was finalized in January 2019 after a lengthy regulatory approval process.
2000 GP Ouest-France
The 2000 GP Ouest-France was the 64th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 30 July 2000. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Michele Bartoli of the Mapei team.

Mapei (cycling team)
Mapei was an Italian-based road bicycle racing team active from 1993 to 2002, named after sponsoring firm Mapei.

Mapei was one of the strongest teams during the late 1990s, and ranked as the strongest UCI team in 1994–2000 and 2002.
Magnetic field of Mars
The magnetic field of Mars is the magnetic field generated from Mars's interior. Today, Mars does not have a global magnetic field. However, Mars did power an early dynamo that produced a strong magnetic field 4 billion years ago, comparable to Earth's present surface field. After the early dynamo ceased, a weak late dynamo was reactivated (or persisted up to) ~3.8 billion years ago. The distribution of Martian crustal magnetism is similar to the Martian dichotomy. Whereas the Martian northern lowlands are largely unmagnetized, the southern hemisphere possesses strong remanent magnetization, showing alternating stripes. Scientific understanding of the evolution of the magnetic field of Mars is based on the combination of satellite measurements and Martian ground-based magnetic data.

Convection (heat transfer)
Convection (or convective heat transfer) is the transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid. Although often discussed as a distinct method of heat transfer, convective heat transfer involves the combined processes of conduction (heat diffusion) and advection (heat transfer by bulk fluid flow). Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases.

Note that this definition of convection is only applicable in Heat transfer and thermodynamic contexts. It should not be confused with the dynamic fluid phenomenon of convection, which is typically referred to as Natural Convection in thermodynamic contexts in order to distinguish the two.
The Amina Profile
The Amina Profile (French: Le profil Amina) is a 2015 Canadian documentary film directed by Sophie Deraspe and coproduced by Esperamos and the National Film Board of Canada, which premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival in the World Cinema category. It was pitched at Sheffield Doc/Fest's MeetMarket in 2014. The film was retitled A Gay Girl in Damascus: The Amina Profile by its U.S. distributor IFC for the theatrical release and for subsequent film festival screenings.

2015 Sundance Film Festival
The 2015 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 22 to February 1, 2015. What Happened, Miss Simone?, a biographical documentary film about American singer Nina Simone, opened the festival. Comedy-drama film Grandma, directed by Paul Weitz, served as the closing night film.
Bevan Spencer von Einem
Bevan Spencer von Einem (29 May 1946 – December 2025) was an Australian convicted child murderer and suspected serial killer from Adelaide, South Australia. An accountant by profession, he was convicted in 1984 for the murder of 15-year-old Adelaide teenager Richard Kelvin, the son of local television and radio personality Rob Kelvin. Von Einem served life imprisonment. He was in G Block of Yatala Prison for decades but was transferred to Port Augusta Prison in the north of the state in 2007. Von Einem was a suspect in several other murders, but he was never charged in those cases. He died of natural causes in prison at the age of 79.

Child murder
Child murder, also known as pedicide, child manslaughter or child homicide, is the homicide of an individual who is a minor. In many legal jurisdictions, it is considered an aggravated form of homicide. The age of the victim may constitute an aggravated factor for homicide offenses, or child murder may be a stand-alone criminal offense.
Jolanta Januchta
Jolanta Januchta-Strzelczyk (born 16 January 1955) is a Polish former middle-distance runner specialising in the 800 metres. She won the gold medal at the 1980 European Indoor Championships and bronze at the 1982 edition. In addition, she represented her country at the 1980 Summer Olympics as well as the 1983 World Championships.

Her personal best of 1:56.95 is the still standing national record.

She is currently a physical education teacher at a primary school in Warsaw.

1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 1982 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at Palasport di San Siro in Milan, a city in Italy, on 6 and 7 March 1982. It was the second time the championships were held in Milan after the 1978 edition.
Anton Gala
Anton Gala (12 March 1891, Kunovice, Moravia – 29 August 1977, Bratislava) was a Slovak university professor and scientist specializing in ophthalmology.

Gala graduated from secondary school at Uherské Hradiště in 1910, then studied medicine at the Charles University in Prague, graduating in 1916. During World War I he served on a hospital ship. From 1919 to 1961 he worked at the faculty of medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava; from 1931 as professor, in 1937/38 as dean of the faculty.

Comenius University
Comenius University Bratislava (Slovak: Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave) is the largest university in Slovakia, with most of its faculties located in Bratislava. It was founded in 1919, shortly after the creation of Czechoslovakia. It is named after Jan Amos Comenius, a 17th-century Czech teacher and philosopher.

In 2020, Comenius University had about 23,000 students and 2,500 faculty members. As are most universities in Slovakia, it is funded mostly by the government.
Mathieu Schneider
Mathieu David Schneider (born June 12, 1969) is an American former professional ice hockey player. Considered an offensive defenseman, Schneider played 1,289 games in the National Hockey League with ten different teams, scoring 233 goals and totaling 743 points. He won the Stanley Cup in 1993 with the Montreal Canadiens.

1996 National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 1996 National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at the FleetCenter in Boston on January 20, 1996. The 46th game was originally scheduled to take place in 1995, but the lockout of the 1994–95 NHL season led to its postponement.
Lurago Marinone
Lurago Marinone (Comasco: Lüragh [lyˈraːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy. The comune is located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Como.

Lurago Marinone borders the following municipalities: Appiano Gentile, Carbonate, Fenegrò, Limido Comasco, Mozzate, Veniano.

Mozzate
Mozzate (Western Lombard: Mozzaa [muˈtsaː]) is a comune in the southwestern part of the province of Como, Lombardy, northern Italy.

It has an area of 10.36 square kilometres (4.00 sq mi) and 7,505 inhabitants (2005). The postal code of Mozzate is 22076, and the telephone code is 0331.

Mozzate hosts the Rohm and Haas plant, which produces adhesives used in the packaging and automotive industries.
United Nations Operation in Mozambique
The United Nations Operations in Mozambique (ONUMOZ, Portuguese: Operação das Nações Unidas em Moçambique) was a UN peace mission to Mozambique established in December 1992 under Security Council Resolution 797 with the assignment to monitor the implementation of the Rome General Peace Accords agreed upon by the Mozambican president Joaquim Chissano of FRELIMO, the Front for Liberation of Mozambique, and Afonso Dhlakama of RENAMO, the Mozambican National Resistance.  The operation was one of the most significant and extensive UN operations and it sought to demobilize and disarm troops, provide humanitarian aid, and oversee the elections. The operation ended in December 1994.

Joaquim Chissano
Joaquim Alberto Chissano (born 22 October 1939) is a Mozambican politician who served as the second President of Mozambique, from 1986 to 2005. He is credited with transforming the war-torn country of Mozambique into a successful African democracy. After his presidency, Chissano became an elder statesman, envoy and diplomat for both his home country and the United Nations. Chissano also served as Chairperson of the African Union from 2003 to 2004.
Clips (software)
Clips is a discontinued mobile video editing software application created by Apple Inc. It was released onto the iOS App Store on April 6, 2017, for free. Initially, it was only available on 64-bit devices running iOS 10.3 or later; as of version 3.1.3, it requires iOS 16.0 or later. Apple describes it as an app for "making and sharing fun videos with text, effects, graphics, and more.". Its final release was on May 9, 2024 before was removed from the App Store on October 10, 2025.

IOS 16
iOS 16 is the sixteenth major release of Apple's iOS mobile operating system for the iPhone. It is the successor of iOS 15, and was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 6, 2022, alongside iPadOS 16, and released on September 12, 2022. It was succeeded by iOS 17 on September 18, 2023.

It is the first iOS release since iPhone OS 1 to be exclusive to iPhones, as it drops support for the seventh-generation iPod Touch. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, iPhone 6s and 6s Plus, and first-generation iPhone SE would also be dropped. It is also the final iOS release to support the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus and iPhone X, as iOS 17 dropped support for these iPhones in 2023.