hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
L'Éclair de l'Est
L’Éclair de l’Est was a Catholic daily newspaper published in Nancy, France, from 1905 to 1940. Founded with the support of the local bishop and leaders of the pro-Republican Catholic Action Libérale Populaire (ALP), it served as a regional voice for Catholic and conservative values, opposing secularism and leftist ideologies. Despite periods of growth and modernization, it struggled financially and ceased publication during World War II.

Popular Liberal Action
The Popular Liberal Action (French: Action libérale populaire, ALP), simply called Liberal Action (Action libérale), was a political party that represented Catholic supporters of the French Third Republic.  It operated in the center-right, primarily to oppose the left-wing Republican coalition led by Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau and Émile Combes who pursued an anti-clerical agenda designed to weaken the Catholic Church, especially its role in education. The ALP between 1901-1914 had its best election in 1902, with 78 deputies. It built a nationwide newspaper and propaganda network, had excellent funding. There were 1200 local committees, with 200,000 dues paying members in 1906.
Coburn Mountain (Maine)
Coburn Mountain is a mountain located in Somerset County, Maine.

Coburn Mtn. lies within the watershed of the Kennebec River. The northern end of the southeast side of Coburn drains into Mountain Brook, then into Cold Stream and the Kennebec River. The southern end drains into Salmon Stream, then into the Dead River, another tributary of the Kennebec River. The southwest end of Coburn drains into Enchanted Pond and Enchanted Stream, then into the Dead River. The northwest side of Coburn drains into Horse Brook and Fourmile Brook, then into the Moose River and the Kennebec. The north end of Coburn drains into Piel Brook, then into Parlin Stream and the Moose River.

Moose River (Maine)
The Moose River is an 83-mile-long (134 km) river in Maine. Its source (45°32′24″N 70°41′46″W﻿ / ﻿45.5400°N 70.6961°W﻿ / 45.5400; -70.6961﻿ (Moose River source)) is in Beattie (Maine Township 2, Range 8, WBKP), on the Canada–United States border, which runs along the height of land between the watersheds of the Kennebec River in Maine and the Chaudière River in Quebec. From there, the river runs east through Attean Pond and Wood Pond, past the town of Moose River, then through Long Pond and Brassua Lake. The Moose River empties into Moosehead Lake, the source of the Kennebec River, in Rockwood Strip (T1, R1, WBKP). The International Railway of Maine was built along Moose River in 1889.
Pierre Servan René Bouvet de Maisonneuve
Pierre Servan René Bouvet de Maisonneuve (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ sɛʁvɑ̃ ʁəne buvɛ də mɛzɔnœv]; Saint-Servan, 10 April 1750 — Paris, 25 May 1795) was a French naval officer. He served in several notable battles, notably the action of 17 June 1778, and the battles conducted by Suffren in the Indian Ocean. He was wounded at the Battle of Porto Praya. He was the father of Pierre François Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve.

Saint-Servan
Saint-Servan (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ sɛʁvɑ̃]; often abbreviated as St. Servan; Breton: Sant-Servan) is a town of western France, in Brittany, situated 2 miles from the ferry port of Saint-Malo. It is renowned for its shops and restaurants.
Westwijk tram stop
Westwijk is a tram stop serving the neighborhood of Westwijk in the city of Amstelveen, Netherlands. It serves tram line 25, dubbed the Amsteltram, which opened officially on 13 December 2020, unofficially 4 days earlier on 9 December. It used to be the southern terminus of the line until the opening of the extension to Uithoorn Centrum on 21 July 2024.

Amstelveen
Amstelveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstəlˈveːn] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands, with a population of 95,996 as of 2024. It is a suburban part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area.

The municipality of Amstelveen consists of the historical villages of Bovenkerk and Nes aan de Amstel.  In addition, as well as Downtown Amstelveen (Dutch: Amstelveen stadshart), it contains the following neighbourhoods: Westwijk, Bankras-Kostverloren, Groenelaan, Waardhuizen, Middenhoven, Randwijk, Elsrijk and Keizer Karelpark. The name Amstelveen comes from the Amstel, a local river (as does the name Amsterdam) and veen, meaning fen, peat, or moor. Amstelveen houses the international headquarters of Dutch national airline KLM (although it is slated to leave for Schiphol  in the future, plans to move have been delayed due to covid and high costs) and KPMG, one of the Big Four accounting firms. The Cobra Museum is also located in Amstelveen.
Cichlidogyrus evikae
Cichlidogyrus evikae is a species of monopisthocotylean monogenean in the family Ancyrocephalidae (or Dactylogyridae according to certain classifications). It is a parasite of the gills of the fish Tanganicodus irsacae (Perciforme, Cichlidae) in Lake Tanganyika, Burundi.

Fish diseases and parasites
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.

Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis  in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi.

Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
Euphyes vestris
Euphyes vestris, the dun skipper, sedge witch or dun sedge skipper, is a species of butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia west across southern Canada to southern Alberta, south to Florida, the Gulf Coast and eastern Texas. There are disjunct populations in the High Plains and Rocky Mountains and along the Pacific Coast.

The wingspan is 29–35 mm. Upperside of head and thorax is yellow-orange. Wings are brown-black; male forewing has a black stigma, female forewing has very small cloudy white spots.  Adults are on wing in July in one generation per year. They feed on the nectar from white, pink and purple flowers, including Asclepias syriaca, Vicia americana, Prunella, Mentha × piperita, Apocynum, Ceanothus americanus and Echium vulgare.

The larvae feed on various sedges, including Cyperus esculentus and Carex heliophila.

High Plains (United States)
The High Plains are a subregion of the Great Plains, mainly in the Western United States, but also partly in the Midwest states of Nebraska, Kansas, and South Dakota, generally encompassing the western part of the Great Plains before the region reaches the Rocky Mountains. The High Plains are located in eastern Montana, southeastern Wyoming, southwestern South Dakota, western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, western Kansas, eastern New Mexico, the Oklahoma Panhandle, and the Texas Panhandle. The southern region of the Western High Plains ecology region contains the geological formation known as Llano Estacado which can be seen from a short distance or on satellite maps. From east to west, the High Plains rise in elevation from around 1,500 to 6,000 ft (460 to 1,830 m).
Tonglaiia
Tonglaiia is an extinct genus of trilobitomorph artiopod that lived during Stage 3 of the Cambrian period. It is considered to be the sister taxon to the clade Conciliterga. The type and only species is Tonglaiia bispinosa.

The holotype, NIGP 200050, was discovered in Malong District in 2023. It measures at 2.7 centimetres (1.1 in) in length and 1.9 centimetres (0.75 in) in width, preserving the cephalon (head) as well as parts of the thorax and abdomen. The genus is named after Tonglai County, which was the former name of Malong District prior to the Tang Dynasty, and the name of the type species is a combination of the Latin prefix "bi-" (double) and adjective "spinosa" (spinous), which would make the meaning of bispinosa roughly "two spines".

Thorax
The thorax (pl.: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments.

The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain.
Shahvaran
Shahvaran (Persian: شاه وران, also Romanized as Shāhvarān and Shāhvaran; also known as Shāhvazan) is a village in Khandan Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 19 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
John Peter Oleson
John Peter Oleson (born 1946) is a Canadian classical archaeologist and historian of ancient technology. His main interests are the Roman Near East, maritime archaeology (particularly Roman harbours), and ancient technology, especially hydraulic technology, water-lifting devices, and Roman concrete construction.

British Archaeological Reports
The British Archaeological Reports Series contains over 3,500 books of academic archaeological research, including monographs, excavation reports, revised theses and conference proceedings. Founded in 1974, BAR Publishing is one of the world's largest publishers of academic archaeological research, covering all major aspects of archaeology globally. The BAR Series consists of the International series and the British series.
Jean Berthiaume
Joseph André Horace Jean Berthiaume, OBE, CD (November 27, 1915 – January 26, 2003) was a Canadian Army officer who served with the Régiment de St-Hyacinthe, the Royal Canadian Infantry Corps and the Royal 22e Régiment.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
Tell Serhan
Tell Serhan is an archaeological site 9 km southeast of Rayak Air Base, 4 km northeast of Bar Elias in the Beqaa Mohafazat (Governorate) in Lebanon. It dates at least to the Neolithic with middle and late Bronze Age materials plentiful.

Rayak Air Base
Rayak Air Base (Arabic: قاعدة رياق الجوية | Kaidat Rayak al-jawiya) (ICAO: OLRA) is Lebanon's first air base and the place where the Lebanese Air Force was born on June 1, 1949. In the 1950s, the RAF sent its own instructors to help the Lebanese Airforce. British families accompanied instructors. The base had connections with Airforce bases in Cyprus. It was an idyllic location situated very close to a vineyard which now supplies wines throughout Europe, including London. Located in the middle of the Bekaa Valley to the east, between the towns of Zahlé and Anjar, it symbolizes the Lebanese Air Force best, and is home for most of the aircraft types that have seen service and the final resting place for almost all retiring planes.

The airfield has been in use since 1914 by various foreign forces such as German, Ottoman, British and French.
800 Fifth Avenue
800 Fifth Avenue is a 166-meter (545 ft) skyscraper in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It was constructed from 1979 to 1981 and has 42 floors. It is the tenth-tallest building in Seattle and was designed by 3D/International.

The building was previously known as Bank of America Fifth Avenue Plaza when its naming rights were held by the Bank of America. It was originally built for Seafirst Bank, which was acquired by the Bank of America. In April 2014, its name was changed to 800 Fifth Avenue. The building was acquired by EQ Office in 2019. It underwent an interior renovation in 2022 that was designed by Olson Kundig to create more lobby space and a public garden.

Seafirst Bank
Seafirst Corporation was an American bank holding company based in Seattle, Washington. Its banking subsidiary, Seafirst Bank, was the largest bank in Washington, with 235 branches and 497 ATMs across the state.

Formed in 1929 via the merger of Seattle's three largest banks, Seafirst was acquired in 1983 by BankAmerica after posting huge losses from loans it purchased from the failed Penn Square Bank; the Seafirst brand was retired in 1999 after NationsBank acquired BankAmerica the previous year and subsequently implemented the Bank of America brand nationwide.
Son of the Black Sword
Son of the Black Sword is a 2015 epic fantasy novel by Larry Correia and published by Baen Books. It is the first book in the Saga of the Forgotten Warrior series. It was followed by House of Assassins in 2019. It won Best Fantasy Novel at the 2016 Dragon Awards, was nominated for a 2015 AML Award and the 2016 Gemmell Legend Award. The novel also placed ninth in the 2016 Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel readers' poll.

Baen Books
Baen Books (/ˈbeɪn/) is an American publishing house for science fiction and fantasy. In science fiction, it emphasizes space opera, hard science fiction, and military science fiction. The company was established in 1983 by science fiction publisher and editor Jim Baen. After his death in 2006, he was succeeded as publisher by long-time executive editor Toni Weisskopf.
Stoney Creek Bridge
Stoney Creek Bridge is a Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC)  truss arch in southeastern British Columbia. This single-track crossing over Stoney Creek is in Glacier National Park, between Revelstoke and Golden. The first bridge in this location was constructed of wood by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) and opened in 1885. It was replaced by a steel bridge in 1894.

Revelstoke, British Columbia
Revelstoke (/ˈrɛvəlstoʊk/) is a city in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, with a census population of 8,275 in 2021. Revelstoke is located 641 kilometres (398 mi) east of Vancouver, and 415 kilometres (258 mi) west of Calgary, Alberta. The city is situated on the banks of the Columbia River just south of the Revelstoke Dam and near its confluence with the Illecillewaet River. East of Revelstoke are the Selkirk Mountains and Glacier National Park, penetrated by Rogers Pass used by the Trans-Canada Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway.  South of the community down the Columbia River are the Arrow Lakes, Mount Begbie, and the Kootenays.
Liming (soil)
Liming is the application of calcium- (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime to soil. In acid soils, these materials react as a base and neutralize soil acidity. This often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, but oversupply may result in harm to plant life. Modern liming was preceded by marling, a process of spreading raw chalk and lime debris across soil, in an attempt to modify pH or aggregate size. Evidence of these practices dates to the 1200's and the earliest examples are taken from the modern British Isles.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Ceratosporella
Ceratosporella is a genus of fungi. Some species interact with species of trees in the families Betulaceae and Fagaceae (Carpinus betulus, Castanea sativa). Ceratosporella disticha can be isolated from decaying leaves of the palm Arenga westerhautii in Malaysia.

Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulus, the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. It requires a warm climate for good growth, and occurs only at elevations up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). It grows in mixed stands with oak, and in some areas beech, and is also a common tree in scree forests. Hornbeam was also known as yoke elm. Together with Carpinus orientalis and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams found in Europe.
Health Dialog
Health Dialog is an American company providing personalized population health services to health plans, providers, employers and pharmaceutical manufacturers. The company focuses on providing tools and services to improve quality of care and reduce healthcare costs. It was part of the Rite Aid Corporation until it was acquired by Carenet Health in May 2024.

The company has offered population health services since 1997. It provides multi-channel health coaching with registered nurses who are licensed to practice in all 50 states, D.C., and Guam. The company holds accreditations from the URAC, a non-profit that certifies medical service organizations.

Health policy
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
Astyanax microschemos
Astyanax microschemos is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acestrorhamphidae, the American characins. This fish is found in Brazil. It belongs to the A. scabripinnis species complex and differs from other species outside it by having a lower number of branched anal fin rays (about 14-18 vs 20-45) and its shallow body depth being about 26.9-29.7 vs more than 35% of its standard length (SL). Compared to species of its own complex, it can be distinguished by the combination of its shallow body depth (ranging from 26.9-29.7% of SL), and smaller interorbital width (26.9-30.4% of its head length). The species name comes from the Greek mikroschemos, meaning "low stature", which refers to the shallow body depth of the animal.

Acestrorhamphidae
Acestrorhamphidae, the American tetras, are a diverse family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes. They are native to North and South America, from the southwestern United States south to temperate Argentina, with a few species introduced to other parts of the world. It includes many genera previously placed in the family Characidae, which was split into multiple families in 2024. It contains many of the most famous ornamental aquarium fish that are popularly known as tetras.
Sakonnet River rail bridge
The Sakonnet River rail bridge was a swing bridge that spanned the Sakonnet River between Portsmouth and Tiverton, Rhode Island, and provided the only rail link between Aquidneck Island (Newport Secondary) and the mainland. It was closed in 1988 and removed in 2006–07

Portsmouth, Rhode Island
Portsmouth is a town in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 17,871 at the 2020 U.S. census. Portsmouth is the second-oldest municipality in Rhode Island, after Providence; it was one of the four colonies which merged to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the others being Providence, Newport, and Warwick.
Dipankar Bhattacharjee
Dipankar Bhattacharjee (born 1 February 1972) is a Badminton player from Assam, India. He represented India at many International tournaments including Barcelona and Atlanta Olympics.
He was the Indian National Badminton Champion thrice and a runner-up twice.
At Barcelona Olympics, he reached the pre-quarters.

Champion
A champion (from the late Latin campio) is the victor in a challenge, contest or competition. There can be a territorial pyramid of championships, e.g. local, regional/provincial/state, national, continental and world championships, and even further (artificial) divisions at one or more of these levels, as in association football. Their champions can be accordingly styled, e.g. national champion, world champion.
Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics
The Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics is a biannual publication of the Yale Law School, Yale School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, and Yale School of Nursing. The Journal publishes articles, essays, notes, and commentaries that cover a wide range of topics in health policy, health law, and biomedical ethics. Its readership includes academicians, professionals, policy makers and legislators in health care. Submissions are peer-reviewed by a distinguished Advisory Board consisting of leading experts in health policy, health law, and biomedical ethics. The Journal is produced and edited by students members from Yale's graduate and professional schools. The Journal is one of the most cited legal publications in the world within the field of Health, Medicine, Psychology and Psychiatry Law. The current editor-in-chief is Carolyn Lye.

Yale School of Medicine
The Yale School of Medicine is the medical school of Yale University, a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. It is the sixth-oldest medical school in the United States.

The school’s faculty clinical practice is Yale Medicine. Yale School of Medicine has a strong affiliation with its primary teaching hospital, Yale New Haven Hospital and the Yale New Haven Health System. The school is home to the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, which is one of the country’s largest modern medical libraries and is known for its historical collections.

For the class of 2028, the school received 5,669 applications to fill 104 seats in the MD Program. This puts the acceptance rate at about 1.6%. The median GPA for the class was 3.94, and the median MCAT score was 521.