hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mansions of Rastafari
Mansions of Rastafari is an umbrella term for the various groups of the Rastafari movement. Such groups include the Bobo Ashanti, the Niyabinghi,  the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and several smaller groups, including African Unity, Covenant Rastafari, Messianic Dreads, SeeGold Empire, and the Selassian Church. The term is taken from the Biblical verse in John 14:2, "In my Father's house are many mansions."

Many individual Rastas are only loosely affiliated with these Mansions, or not at all, in keeping with the principle of freedom of conscience, a general distrust of institutionalism shared by many, and the teachings of Haile Selassie I as Emperor that "faith is private" and a direct relationship requiring no intermediary. Beliefs differ between the mansions, with varying views on the Bible, dreadlocks, diet, and ganja.

Hypernymy and hyponymy
Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a more specific term (hyponym). The hypernym is also called a supertype, umbrella term, or blanket term. The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym.  The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym. For example, "pigeon", "crow", and "hen" are all hyponyms of "bird" and "animal"; "bird" and "animal" are both hypernyms of "pigeon", "crow", and "hen".
Valence-Ville station
Valence-Ville station (French: Gare de Valence-Ville) is a railway station serving the town Valence, Drôme department, southeastern France. It is situated on the Paris–Marseille railway, and is the southern terminus of a branch line to Grenoble.

The station is owned and operated by the SNCF and served by both TGV and TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes trains.

Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

The southern portion of the Drôme, closest to Provence, is often known as the fr:Drôme Provençale.
Guram Dolenjashvili
Guram Dolenjashvili (Georgian: გურამ დოლენჯაშვილი; Russian: Гурам Доленджашвили; born 9 March 1943 in Kutaisi) is a Georgian painter often working in a monochrome technique. He is a Meritorious Artist of Georgia and an honorary member of Russian Academy of Arts (since 2004).

Dolenjashvili was born in Kutaisi. He graduated from the Tbilisi Academy of Arts in 1968 where he studied in the shop of Lado Grigolia. He mostly lived in Kutaisi but travel led to Russian North, White Sea, Kamchatka and Chukotka.  His works are exhibited in the Art Museum of Georgia, Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin Museum, Russian Museum and many others.

Many of his works are landscapes made in black and white, using a graphite pencil or etching with slightly surrealist shifting of reality still he is often considered a follower of traditions Russian realist landscapers of Ivan Shishkin and Yuly Klever.

Now, Guram signed the agreement with Raffian Art to produce limited editions of giclees.

Ivan Shishkin
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (Russian: Иван Иванович Шишкин; 25 January [O.S. 13 January] 1832 – 20 March [O.S. 8 March] 1898) was a Russian landscape painter and graphic artist, one of the most famous landscape painters of the post-reform era, and the creator of the iconic painting Morning in a Pine Forest. He was an academician (from 1865), professor (from 1873) and full member (from 1893, under the new charter) of the Imperial Academy of Arts, as well as a professor and head of the landscape workshop at the Higher Art School (1894–1895). He was also one of the founding members of the Peredvizhniki movement (from 1870).
Kingsville, Victoria
Kingsville is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 7 km (4.3 mi) west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Maribyrnong local government area. Kingsville recorded a population of 3,920 at the 2021 census.

Kingsville is a small suburb nestled primarily between West Footscray and Yarraville, and is often considered to be a part of one or the other. The suburb forms a right-angled triangle, bounded in the east by Williamstown Road, in the south by Somerville Road, with Geelong Road as the hypotenuse.

City of Maribyrnong
The City of Maribyrnong (/ˈmærəbənɒŋ/) is a local government area within the metropolitan area of Melbourne, Australia. It comprises the inner western suburbs between 5 and 10 kilometres from Melbourne city centre. In June 2018, Maribyrnong had a population of 91,387.

According to Local Government Victoria, Maribyrnong has the second most ethnically diverse population in Victoria, with 40% of residents born outside Australia.

Many of Maribyrnong's former industrial sites have been replaced by residential developments. New residents are generally more educated and higher income.
Emanuela Potocka
Countess Emanuela Potocka, born Princess Emanuela Pignatelli di Cerchiara (1852–1930), was an Italian-Polish noblewoman and fashionable salonière in Paris during the 19th century.

She was a descendant of a high noble family from Italy. She married the Polish Count Potocki and established herself at the Hôtel Potocki in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. Her salon became fashionable and was visited and written about by Proust, Maupassant, Barrès, Bourget, Robert de Montesquiou, Reynaldo Hahn, Widor and others. Jean Béraud also painted her salon.

Maurice Barrès
Auguste-Maurice Barrès (French: [oɡyst mɔʁis baʁɛs]; 19 August 1862 – 4 December 1923) was a French novelist, journalist, philosopher, and politician. Spending some time in Italy, he became a figure in French literature with the release of his work The Cult of the Self in 1888. He was elected a member of the Académie Française in 1906.

In politics, Barrès was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1889 as a Boulangist and would play a prominent political role for the rest of his life. He presided over the Ligue des Patriotes from 1914 until his death in 1923.
Glendale, Massachusetts
Glendale is a village in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Glendale is located along the Housatonic River. It has a post office.

Glendale was once an important center of institutions of private and public education. Russell Webb attended Glendale Home School.

In 1904, Glendale Elastic Fabric Company had plans to install new looms at its plant along the river.

Charles Callender established a paper manufacturing plant in Glendale.

Chesterwood is in Glendale at 4 Williamsville Road.

Chesterwood (Massachusetts)
Chesterwood was the summer estate and studio of American sculptor Daniel Chester French (1850–1931) located at 4 Williamsville Road in Stockbridge, Massachusetts.  Most of French's originally 150-acre (61 ha) estate is now owned by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, which operates the property as a museum and sculpture garden.  The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 in recognition of French's importance in American sculpture.
Colby Stevenson
Colby Stevenson (born October 3, 1997) is an American freestyle skier.

He competed at the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2021, winning the silver medal in the slopestyle event.

He competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, winning silver in the Men's big air event.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Corina Dumitrescu
Corina Dumitrescu is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party and since 2007 rector of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University from Bucharest. She is also Advisory Board of the journal Cogito. 
She was nominated Education Minister in the Victor Ponta cabinet, but withdrew  her candidacy after the media reported she plagiarized a law book, of Professor Octavian Manolache, that she co-authored with her husband, Cristian Dumitrescu, deputy and member of the Social Democratic Party.

Advisory board
An advisory board is a body that provides non-binding strategic advice to the management of a corporation, organization, or foundation. The informal nature of an advisory board gives greater flexibility in structure and management compared to the board of directors. Unlike the board of directors, the advisory board does not have authority to vote on corporate matters or bear legal fiduciary responsibilities. Many new or small businesses choose to have advisory boards in order to benefit from the knowledge of others, without the expense or formality of the board of directors.
XHUNL-FM
XHUNL-FM is a radio station serving Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, located in San Nicolás de los Garza. Owned by the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, XHUNL-FM broadcasts on 89.7 FM from studios and a transmitter on the UANL campus.

It is a sister station to XHMNU-TDT digital 35.

San Nicolás de los Garza
San Nicolás de los Garza, sometimes known only as San Nicolás, is a city and coextensive municipality in the Mexican state of Nuevo León that is part of the Monterrey metropolitan area. It has become primarily a city for residences and family houses, although it still has several factories that tend to relocate to the periphery of the metropolitan area. It is the fifth-largest city in the state, behind Monterrey, Guadalupe, Ciudad Apodaca and General Escobedo.

It houses the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Autonomous University of Nuevo León), one of the most prestigious public schools in Mexico and Latin America.

San Nicolás, although less populated than Monterrey, has a higher population density.
Verdier duality
In mathematics, Verdier duality is a cohomological duality in algebraic topology that generalizes Poincaré duality for manifolds. Verdier duality was introduced in 1965 by Jean-Louis Verdier (1965) as an analog for locally compact topological spaces of 
Alexander Grothendieck's theory of
Poincaré duality in étale cohomology
for schemes in algebraic geometry. It is thus (together with the said étale theory and for example Grothendieck's coherent duality) one instance of Grothendieck's six operations formalism.

Verdier duality generalises the classical Poincaré duality of manifolds in two directions: it applies to continuous maps from one space to another (reducing to the classical case for the unique map from a manifold to a one-point space), and it applies to spaces that fail to be manifolds due to the presence of singularities. It is commonly encountered when studying constructible or perverse sheaves.

Locally compact space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a topological space is called locally compact if, roughly speaking, each small portion of the space looks like a small portion of a compact space. More precisely, it is a topological space in which every point has a compact neighborhood.

When locally compact spaces are Hausdorff they are called locally compact Hausdorff, which are of particular interest in mathematical analysis.
Mark Alan Hershkovitz
Mark Alan Hershkovitz is an American biochemist and taxonomist. The standard author abbreviation Hershk. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

In 1981 he received his Bachelor of Science from  University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He received his Master of Science and PhD degrees from University of California, Davis, in 1986 and 1990; his focus in his doctoral program was botany. Afterwards, he worked for the Laboratory of Molecular Systematics at the Smithsonian Institution as a postdoctoral scientist, and c. 1996 he joined the National Center for Biotechnology Information as a fellow under the Postdoctoral Intramural Research Training Award.

As of 2025 he is doing independent research in  Chile.

National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper.

The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman, one of the original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics.
Arsenical keratosis
Arsenical keratosis (AK) is growth of keratin on the skin caused by arsenic,: 725  which occurs naturally in the Earth's crust and is widely distributed in the environment, Arsenical compounds are used in industrial, agricultural, and medicinal substances. Arsenic is also found to be an environmental contaminant in drinking water (well water) and an occupational hazard for miners and glass workers.: 640   Arsenic may also causes other conditions including: Bowen's disease, cardiovascular diseases, developmental abnormalities, neurologic and neurobehavioral disorders, diabetes, hearing loss, hematologic disorders, and various types of cancer. Arsenical keratoses may persist indefinitely, and some may develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Metastatic arsenic squamous cell carcinoma and arsenic-induced malignancies in internal organs such as the bladder, kidney, skin, liver, and colon, may result in death.

Crust (geology)
In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be defined based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).

The crusts of Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, the Moon and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.

Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts. Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust. These two types have different chemical compositions and physical properties and were formed by different geological processes.
Chajoma
The Chajoma (Mayan pronunciation: [/tʃäχoˈmä/]) were a Kaqchikel-speaking Maya people of the Late Postclassic period, with a large kingdom in the highlands of Guatemala. According to the indigenous chronicles of the K'iche' and the Kaqchikel, there were three principal Postclassic highland kingdoms; the K'iche', the Kaqchikel and the Chajoma. In the Annals of the Cakchiquels the Chajoma of Jilotepeque were always referred to as the akajal vinak, in the Popul Vuh these can probably be identified with the akul vinak. Both akajal vinak and akul vinak mean "the bee people" or "the hive people".

Chajoma means "people of ocote" (a type of pine). In colonial times this was rendered into Nahuatl as sacatepēc "Grass mountain" which led to its current Hispanicized name Sacatepéquez. Early records, for example, record the placename San Juan Sacatepéquez as San Juan Chajoma. The Chajoma separated into six divisions, equivalent to the various colonial villages bearing Sacatepéquez in the name.

Ocote
Ocote  is a common name for various species of pine trees in the genus Pinus that occur in the Spanish-speaking Americas—Latin America.

They include:

Pinus apulcensis

Pinus ayacahuite

Pinus cooperi

Pinus devoniana

Pinus durangensis

Pinus gordoniana

Pinus greggii

Pinus hartwegii

Pinus herrerae

Pinus jaliscana

Pinus leiophylla

Pinus lumholtzii

Pinus maximinoi

Pinus montezumae

Pinus oocarpa

Pinus patula

Pinus pringlei

Pinus pseudostrobus

Pinus rzedowskii

Pinus tecunumanii

Pinus teocote
Art Shamsky
Arthur Louis Shamsky (born October 14, 1941), nicknamed "Sham" and "Smasher", is an American former Major League Baseball player.  He played right field, left field, and first base from 1965 to 1972 for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, Chicago Cubs, and Oakland Athletics. He tied a major league record by homering in four consecutive at bats in 1966. He was an integral player on the 1969 World Series Champion Miracle Mets, batting .300 with 14 home runs (both second on the team) while platooning, and then hitting .412 in the post-season batting cleanup and .368 overall. In 2007, he was the manager of the Modi'in Miracle of the Israel Baseball League.

WNYW
WNYW (channel 5) is a television station in New York City. It is the flagship station of the Fox television network, owned and operated through its Fox Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Secaucus, New Jersey–licensed MyNetworkTV flagship WWOR-TV (channel 9), the two stations share studios at the Fox Television Center on East 67th Street in Manhattan's Lenox Hill neighborhood; WNYW's transmitter is located at One World Trade Center.
Hua County
Hua County or Huaxian (simplified Chinese: 滑县; traditional Chinese: 滑縣; pinyin: Huá Xiàn) is a county under the administration of Anyang City, in the north of Henan province, China.

Its predecessor administrative area Huazhou/Hua prefecture was first established in 596 during the Sui dynasty. In 606 it was named Yanzhou (兖州), and soon after as Dong commandery. In 618 it was combined with present Changyuan and Yanjin as Huazhou again. In 1372 it was demoted to a county. The name 'Hua' means 'slip', given because the city had many slipways.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Paul Stevens (bobsleigh)
Francis Paul Stevens (Alternate listing: F. Paul Stevens, Paul Stevens) (October 16, 1889 – March 17, 1949) was an American bobsledder who competed in the early 1930s. He won the silver medal in the four-man event at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid. He was the brother of fellow bobsledders Curtis Stevens and Hubert Stevens.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.
St. Joseph Parkway
The St. Joseph Park and Parkway System is a national historic district located at St. Joseph, Missouri. It is St. Joseph, Missouri's hiking and biking Parkway ribbons through the city for 26 miles. Developed in 1918 by internationally known landscape architect George Burnap, St. Joseph was one of the first cities in the United States to develop a comprehensive parkway plan. Popular for hiking and biking activities, the completed system connects principal parks and recreation facilities, providing a "green belt" throughout the city.

St. Joseph's Parkway system was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Green belt
A green belt or greenbelt is a policy, and land-use zone designation used in land-use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighboring urban areas. Similar concepts are greenways or green wedges, which have a linear character and may run through an urban area instead of around it. In essence, a green belt is an invisible line designating a border around a certain area, preventing development of the area and allowing wildlife to return and be established.

The more general term in the United States is green space or greenspace, which may be a very small area such as a park.
Alexander Stewart Provincial Park
Alexander Stewart Provincial Park is a nature reserve in McNab/Braeside, Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada, about 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of the centre of Arnprior. This nature reserve contains a hardwood forest of several species including maple, American beech, basswood, blue-beech, and bur oak. The subsurface is clay silt, a remnant of the ice age Champlain Sea. The site is at an elevation of 130 metres (430 ft).

The property was bought in 1860 by the eponymous Alexander Stewart, and donated by his children to the province in 1966.

The park, located at the northwest intersection of Maple Bend Road and Russett Drive, is a non-operating park, meaning there are no facilities or services.

Carpinus caroliniana
Carpinus caroliniana, the  American hornbeam, is a small hardwood understory tree in the genus Carpinus. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech for the distinctive sinewy, muscle-like appearance of its trunk. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota to southern Quebec, east to Maine, and south to eastern Texas and northern Florida. It occurs in shaded areas with moist soil, particularly near the banks of streams or rivers, and is often a natural understory species of the riverine and maritime forests of eastern temperate North America.
Levan, Utah
Levan (/ləˈvæn/ lə-VAN) is a town in Juab County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 862.

It is often said that the name of the town derives from its location near the center of Utah, because the name is "navel" spelled backwards. Several other origins have been suggested for the name, from French, Latin, or Colorado River Numic language.

Colorado River Numic language
Colorado River Numic (also called Ute /ˈjuːt/ YOOT, Southern Paiute /ˈpaɪ.juːt/ PIE-yoot, Ute–Southern Paiute, or Ute-Chemehuevi /ˌtʃɛ.mə.ˈweɪ.vi/ CHEH-mə-WAY-vee), of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, is a dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California to Colorado. Individual dialects are Chemehuevi, which is in danger of extinction, Southern Paiute (Moapa, Cedar City, Kaibab, and San Juan subdialects), and Ute (Central Utah, Northern, White Mesa, Southern subdialects). According to the Ethnologue, there were a little less than two thousand speakers of Colorado River Numic Language in 1990, or around 40% out of an ethnic population of 5,000.

The Southern Paiute dialect has played a significant role in linguistics, as the background for a famous article by linguist Edward Sapir and his collaborator Tony Tillohash on the nature of the phoneme.
Adolf Schill
Adolf Schill, often also Adolph Schill (14 May 1848 – 10 November 1911), was a German architect, interior designer, artisan, illustrator and painter of the historism. As a university lecturer he worked at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf between 1880 and 1911, thus helping to shape the later phase of the Düsseldorf school of painting. Students of sculpture also studied with him.

Düsseldorf School of painting
The Düsseldorf School of painting is a term referring to a group of painters who taught or studied at the Düsseldorf Academy (now the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf or Düsseldorf State Art Academy) roughly between 1819 and 1918, first directed by the painter Wilhelm von Schadow.