hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surfactant protein A
Surfactant protein A is an innate immune system collectin. It is water-soluble and has collagen-like domains similar to SP-D. It is part of the innate immune system and is used to opsonize bacterial cells in the alveoli marking them for phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. SP-A may also play a role in negative feedback limiting the secretion of pulmonary surfactant. SP-A is not required for pulmonary surfactant to function but does confer immune effects to the organism.

Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek  φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and  κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.  It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.

In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients. The two main cells that do this are the Macrophages and the Neutrophils of the immune system.

Where phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding and provides the organism part or all of its nourishment, it is called phagotrophy and is distinguished from osmotrophy, which is nutrition taking place by absorption.
Ralph Cook
Ralph Delano Cook (born April 29, 1944) is an American judge who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 1993 to 2001. Governor Jim Folsom Jr. appointed Cook to finish the term of Oscar W. Adams Jr. upon Adams' retirement.

Supreme Court of Alabama
The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. The court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Each justice is elected in partisan elections for staggered six-year terms. The Supreme Court is housed in the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building in downtown Montgomery, Alabama.

The Governor of Alabama may fill vacancies when they occur for the remainder of unexpired terms. The current line-up for the court is all Republican. There is no specific limitation on the number of terms to which a member may be elected. However, the state constitution under Amendment 328, adopted in 1973, prohibits any member from seeking election once they reach age 70.

The Clerk of Court is Margaret "Megan" Byrne Rhodebeck, who assumed the office by appointment on August 1, 2022.
Kindling hypothesis
Kindling hypothesis is the argument that some neurological and psychiatric conditions worsen due to repeated episodes of symptoms that cause neurological changes. These theories posit that if episodes continue without treatment, the threshold to trigger an epileptic seizure or mood episode in bipolar disorder will be lowered.

Kindling hypothesis of bipolar disorder, see biology of bipolar disorder

Kindling hypothesis of depression

Kindling model of epilepsy

Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal), for GABAnergic drugs

Kindling model of epilepsy
Kindling is a commonly used model for the development of seizures and epilepsy in which the duration and behavioral involvement of induced seizures increases after seizures are induced repeatedly. Kindling is also referred as an animal visual model of epilepsy that can be produced by focal electrical stimulation in the brain. This is mainly used in visualising epilepsy in humans.
The kindling model was first proposed in the late 1960s by Graham V. Goddard and colleagues.  Although kindling is a widely used model, its applicability to human epilepsy is controversial.
Fist of the North Star: Lost Paradise
Fist of the North Star: Lost Paradise is a 2018 action role-playing video game developed by Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio and published by Sega for the PlayStation 4. It is based on the manga franchise Fist of the North Star by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara, and features the gameplay and mechanics of Sega's Yakuza game series. It was released in Japan on March 8, 2018 and worldwide on October 2, 2018.

Buronson
Yoshiyuki Okamura (Japanese: 岡村 善行, Hepburn: Okamura Yoshiyuki; born June 16, 1947), known by the pen names Buronson (武論尊) and Sho Fumimura (史村 翔, Fumimura Shō), is a Japanese manga writer. Making his debut in 1972, he first found success with the hardboiled detective manga series Doberman Deka (1975–1979) alongside illustrator Shinji Hiramatsu. He is best-known for creating the post-apocalyptic martial arts series Fist of the North Star (1983–1988) with artist Tetsuo Hara, which is one of the best-selling manga in history with over 100 million copies in circulation. He has since worked with Ryoichi Ikegami on several series, including Heat (1998–2004), which won the 2002 Shogakukan Manga Award for general manga. Buronson received a Special Award at the 2021 Saito Takao Awards for his continued contributions to manga, including his training of younger artists.
Playlist: The Very Best of Ruben Studdard
Playlist: The Very Best of Ruben Studdard  is a compilation of recordings by singer Ruben Studdard. It is part of a series of similar Playlist albums issued on the Legacy label by Sony Music Entertainment.

The album, released on January 26, 2010, includes selections from Studdard's first four studio albums. A PDF file included on the CD contains the song credits, photographs, and liner notes.

Legacy Recordings
Legacy Recordings is an American record label that is a division of Sony Music. Formed in 1990 after Sony's acquisition of CBS Records, Legacy originally handled the archives of Sony Music-owned labels Columbia Records and Epic Records. In 2004, under the Sony BMG joint venture, the label began to manage the archives of RCA Records, J Records, Windham Hill Records, Arista, LaFace, Jive, and Buddah Records. Legacy Recordings also distributes Philadelphia International Records and the catalog of recordings produced by Phil Spector. It is not related to the defunct British independent label Legacy Records.
Eremophila obliquisepala
Eremophila obliquisepala is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a small, compact shrub with serrated leave, blue to purple flowers and unusually-shaped sepals.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Donald L. Patrick
Donald L. Patrick is a social scientist, academic, and an author. He is a professor emeritus of Health Systems and Population Health at the University of Washington.

Patrick's research spans the fields of public health, chronic illness, public health policy, outcomes research, quality of life, health status assessment.

Patrick is a member of National Academy of Medicine, and was the first president of International Society for Quality of Life Research.

Health policy
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
Denis Bogdan
Denis Valerievich Bogdan (Russian: Денис Валерьевич Богдан, IPA: [dʲɪˈnʲiz ˈboɡdən]; born 13 October 1996) is a Belarusian-born Russian volleyball player and a member of the Russian men's national volleyball team.

Russia men's national volleyball team
The Russia men's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and took part in international volleyball competitions.

FIVB considers Russia as the inheritor of the records of Soviet Union (1948–1991) and CIS (1992).
The USSR Volleyball Federation joined the FIVB in 1948, a year after the foundation of the international governing body. The following year they sent a team to compete in the first FIVB Men’s World Championship and have been dominating the international scene ever since, having won six World Championships, four Olympic Games, six World Cups and 14 European Championships (medals of Russian and the Soviet union combined).

On 28 February 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a "recommendation" by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIVB and CEV suspended the participation of Russia in their competitions.
Protocol analyzer
A protocol analyzer is a tool (hardware or software) used to capture and analyze signals and data traffic over a communication channel. Such a channel varies from a local computer bus to a satellite link, that provides a means of communication using a standard communication protocol (networked or point-to-point). Each type of communication protocol has a different tool to collect and analyze signals and data.

Specific types of protocol analyzers include:

A telecom network protocol analyzer

A network packet analyzer such as Wireshark

A bus analyzer

An IP load tester

Point-to-point (telecommunications)
In telecommunications, a point-to-point connection is a communications connection between two communication endpoints or nodes. An example is a telephone call, in which one telephone is connected with one other, and what is said by one caller can only be heard by the other. This is contrasted with a point-to-multipoint or  broadcast connection, in which many nodes can receive information transmitted by one node. Other examples of point-to-point communications links are leased lines and microwave radio relay.

The term is also used in computer networking and computer architecture to refer to a wire or other connection that links only two computers or circuits, as opposed to other network topologies such as buses or crossbar switches which can connect many communications devices.

Point-to-point is sometimes abbreviated as P2P. This usage of P2P is distinct from P2P meaning peer-to-peer in the context of file sharing networks or other data-sharing protocols between peers.
Evagoras II
Evagoras II or Euagoras II (Greek: Εὐαγόρας) was a king of the Ancient Greek city-state of Salamis in Cyprus, and later satrap for Achaemenid Persia in Phoenicia.

He was possibly a son of his predecessor, Nicocles, and a grandson of Evagoras I. He followed a pro-Persian course, for which he was deposed c. 351 BC by a popular revolt led by his nephew Pnytagoras, who succeeded him as king.

Evagoras fled to the Persian court, where Artaxerxes III gave him the government of the Phoenician city of Sidon, following the defeat of the rebellion of Tennes. His administration of Sidon was so bad that after three years, in 346 BC, he was chased out of the city by the populace, who called upon a descendant of the ancient royal line, Abdashtart II, to replace him. Evagoras fled back to Cyprus, where he was arrested and executed.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
The Rock 'n' Roll Dreams of Duncan Christopher
The Rock 'n' Roll Dreams of Duncan Christopher is an American independent comedy film written by Jack Roberts and directed by Justin Monroe.  It stars Jack Roberts as the titular character, Duncan Christopher.

The Rock 'n' Roll Dreams of Duncan Christopher was filmed in and near Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the fall of 2008.  It was in post-production for most of 2009.  It premiered in 2010 on March 27 at the Method Fest Independent Film Festival, where it was nominated for Best Low Budget Feature Film and won the award for Best Marketing Campaign. The movie went on to win 10 awards with 7 of them Best Feature, Jury or Audience Awards, including the Best Okie Feature at the 2010 deadCENTER Film Festival. It was an Official Selection at several prestigious film festivals around the world, including Mar del Plata Film Festival in Argentina, STARZ Denver Film Festival, San Diego International Film Festival, and the Heartland Film Festival.

DeadCENTER Film Festival
The deadCenter Film Festival was founded in 2001 in Oklahoma City. The festival was named "deadCenter" because it is located in the exact center of the United States.  Although presenting over a hundred films, and an international assemblage of filmmakers, deadCenter has remained focused on being open to independent local filmmakers.

The festival runs for five days every year in June and has attracted notable actors including Spike Jonze and Rinko Kikuchi. The deadCenter Film Festival was named one of the 20 Coolest Film Festivals of 2010 by MovieMaker magazine.
Dedham Lock and Mill
Dedham Lock and Mill is an c.1820 landscape painting by the English artist John Constable. It shows a view of the River Stour at Dedham in Essex close to the border of his native Suffolk, an area now known as "Constable Country". Constable's father owned the mill as well as nearby Flatford Mill, which he painted on numerous occasions. St Mary's Church is seen in the distance.

There is a possibility that the work was begun in 1817 and exhibited at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition in 1818. However the 1820 date  for this work is more likely and is the date Constable gave it and which his friend and biographer Charles Robert Leslie gave to it. Several variations of it now exist including one in the Currier Museum of Art in New Hampshire. The oil sketch is now in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, having been gifted by the art collector John Sheepshanks in 1857.

Dedham, Essex
Dedham is a village and civil parish in the City of Colchester district of Essex, England. It is near the River Stour, which is the border of Essex and Suffolk. The nearest town to Dedham is the small market town of Manningtree. The area around Dedham is recognised for its natural beauty, being designated as the Dedham Vale National Landscape. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,992.
Visa requirements for Lithuanian citizens
Visa requirements for Lithuanian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Lithuania by the authorities of other states. As of 2025 Lithuanian citizens have  visa-free or visa on arrival access to 181 countries and territories, ranking the Lithuanian passport 11th, tied with Iceland passport in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Dudley-Williams baronets
The Dudley-Williams Baronetcy, of the city and of the county of the city of Exeter, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 2 July 1964 for the aeronautical engineer and Conservative politician Sir Rolf Dudley-Williams. On receiving the baronetcy, on 29 June 1964 Williams changed his surname to Dudley-Williams by deed poll. As of 2010 the title is held by his son, the 2nd Baronet, who succeeded in 1987.

Journalist Marina Hyde is the daughter of the 2nd Baronet.

Deed poll
A deed poll (plural: deeds poll) is a legal document binding on a single person or several persons acting jointly to express an intention or create an obligation. It is a deed, and not a contract, because it binds only one party.
Lennox Passage (waterway)
Lennox Passage is a navigable waterway between Cape Breton Island and Isle Madame in Nova Scotia, Canada. Small craft use the relatively protected Passage (also correctly referred to as a strait) traveling to and from St. Peters Canal at the village of St. Peter's and the Strait of Canso to avoid sailing around the east coast of Cape Breton in the open Atlantic Ocean.

The Passage is approximately 10 nautical miles (19 km) in length from MacDonalds Shoal (near Janvrin Island) to Ouetique Island near D'Escousse with depths varying from 3 to 20 metres. The Passage is well-buoyed and marine interests should be aware that eastbound vessels leave the green buoys to starboard while making their way towards St. Peter's.

Strait
A strait is a water body connecting two seas or water basins. The surface water is, for the most part, at the same elevation on both sides and can flow through the strait in either direction, although the topography generally constricts the flow somewhat. In some straits, there is a dominant directional current. Most commonly, the strait is a narrow channel that lies between two land masses. Straits are loci for sediment accumulation, with sand-sized deposits usually occurring on the two strait exits, forming subaqueous fans or deltas. Some straits are not navigable because they are too narrow, too shallow, or due to the presence of a reef or archipelago.
Montage Mountain Ski Resort
Montage Mountain is a ski area in Pennsylvania that is located 8 miles (13 km) from downtown Scranton, Pennsylvania. Situated roughly 125 miles (201 km) north of Philadelphia and west of New York City, this resort has twenty-six trails including two terrain parks. The mountain has a summit elevation of 1,960 feet (600 m) and a vertical drop of 1,000 feet (300 m).

Ski area
A ski area is the terrain and supporting infrastructure where skiing and other snow sports take place. Such sports include alpine and cross-country skiing, snow boarding, tubing, sledding, etc. Ski areas may stand alone or be part of a ski resort.
Iron Sky: Invasion
Iron Sky: Invasion is an official video game based on the 2012 Finnish science fiction comedy Iron Sky. The game is developed by Reality Pump Studios, and is published by TopWare Interactive.

Iron Sky: Invasion is a space fighter simulator, enhanced with strategic and RPG elements, set in the universe of Iron Sky and expanding upon its foundations. The core of the gameplay is based on ship-to-ship dogfights, combined with assaults on giant spaceships (such as the space Zeppelins, portrayed in the film), as well as tactical thinking and resource management.

The game was first announced on August 19, 2012, by the video game publisher TopWare Interactive, during the Gamescom trade fair in Cologne, Germany. It was released in Europe on December 12, 2012, for the Windows, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, iOS, Android, and Mac OS platforms. It has received mixed to negative reviews from critics.

Strategy video game
A strategy video game is a video game genre that emphasizes strategic or tactical planning and decision-making, often involving the indirect control of multiple units and the management of limited resources, rather than the quick reflexes typical of action games.

Strategy video games are commonly divided into two main forms: turn-based strategy (TBS), in which players act in discrete turns, and real-time strategy (RTS), in which play proceeds continuously. Many also incorporate elements such as tactics, diplomacy, economics, or exploration.

Electronic strategy games developed in part from earlier non-digital board games and wargames, and scholars note that the definition of “strategy” in games is not entirely uniform across contexts.
Ireland Strategic Investment Fund
The Ireland Strategic Investment Fund (ISIF; Irish: An Ciste Infheistíochta Straitéisí d’Éirinn), managed and controlled by the National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA), is a sovereign wealth fund of Ireland. Its purpose is to invest the state's capital in order to promote economic activity and employment in Ireland. Its predecessor was the National Pensions Reserve Fund (NPRF).

In 2024, the fund was one of the 50 largest sovereign wealth funds in the world. By the middle of 2025, the fund had assets under management (AUM) of around $28 billion.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
WMWC-TV
WMWC-TV (channel 53) is a religious television station licensed to Galesburg, Illinois, United States, serving the Quad Cities area as an owned-and-operated station of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). The station's studios are located on 44th Avenue in Moline, and its transmitter is located in Orion, Illinois.

Quad Cities
The Quad Cities is a region of five cities in the U.S. states of Iowa and Illinois: Davenport and Bettendorf in southeastern Iowa, and Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline in northwestern Illinois. These cities are the center of the Quad Cities metropolitan area, a region within the Mississippi River Valley, which as of 2023, had a population estimate of 467,817 and a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population of 474,019, making it the 90th-largest CSA in the nation.