hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Frederick Collings
William Frederick Collings (1852 – 20 June 1927) was seigneur of Sark from 1882 until his death. One of the most eccentric lords of the island, he was known for his anti-clericalism, stubbornness, intemperance and generosity.

Sark
Sark (Sercquiais: Sèr or Cerq, French: Sercq) is an island in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, and part of the archipelago of the Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a self-governing British Crown Dependency, with its own set of laws based on Norman law, and its own parliament. It was a royal fiefdom until 2008, when the Constitution of Sark went into effect.

Sark has a population of about 500. Including the nearby island of Brecqhou, it has an area of 2.10 square miles (5.44 km2). Little Sark is a peninsula joined by a natural but high and very narrow isthmus to the rest of Sark Island.

Sark is one of the few places in the world where cars are banned from roads, and only tractors, bicycles, and horse-drawn vehicles are allowed. In 2011, Sark was designated as a Dark Sky Community and the first Dark Sky Island in the world.
Leroy Blugh
Leroy Blugh (born May 14, 1966) is a former professional Canadian football defensive lineman and the defensive line coach for the Queen's Gaels of U Sports football. He played for fifteen seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for two different teams and was the winner of the CFL's Most Outstanding Canadian Award in 1996 and is a two-time CFL West Division All-Star and a 81st Grey Cup Champion (1993). In 2015, he was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
Ricardo Ferriño
Ricardo Ferriño Treviño (born 6 August 1991) is a former Mexican footballer, who played as goalkeeper for the Las Vegas Lights in their inaugural season in the USL. On November 30, 2018, Las Vegas Lights FC announced that they had declined the option in Ferriño's contract.

Ferriño grew up idolizing Mexican keeper Jorge Campos.

Las Vegas Lights FC
Las Vegas Lights Football Club is an American professional soccer team based in Las Vegas, Nevada, that plays in the USL Championship. The team made its debut in 2018 and plays its home games at Cashman Field.

The club is known for its neon-themed branding on its badge and kits, along with unconventional fan engagement tactics such as llama mascots and casino chips. The Lights are owned by an investment group led by former Major League Baseball player José Bautista.
Climate change in Malaysia
Climate change is having a considerable impact in Malaysia. Increasing temperatures are likely to greatly increase the number of heatwaves occurring annually. Variations in precipitation may increase the frequency of droughts and floods in various local areas. Sea level rise may inundate some coastal areas. These impacts are expected to have numerous environmental and socioeconomic effects, exacerbating existing environmental issues and reinforcing inequality.

Malaysia itself contributes emissions given its significant use of coal and natural gas. However, the use of hydropower has expanded in the 21st century, and other potential energy sources such as solar power and biomass are being explored. The government anticipates the need to adapt in areas such as health and coastal defences, and has ratified the Paris Agreement.

Income inequality in Malaysia
According to the UNDP 1997 Human Development Report, and the 2004 United Nations Human Development (UNHDP) report, Malaysia has the highest income disparity between the rich and poor in Southeast Asia, greater than that of Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam and Indonesia.

The UNHDP Report shows that the richest 10% in Malaysia control 38.4% of the economic income as compared to the poorest 10% who control only 1.7%. However, according to official statistics from the Prime Minister's Department, inequality has been decreasing steadily since 1970, with the Gini coefficient dropping to an all-time low of 0.40 in 2014.
React (Erick Sermon song)
"React" is the lead single from Erick Sermon's fifth studio album, React. The song was produced by Just Blaze and featured Sermon's fellow Def Squad member Redman. The song appears on the soundtrack to the 2003 film, Honey, and in the 2003 video game, NBA Street Vol. 2.

"React" became Sermon's second and last top-40 hit, reaching No. 36 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Redman (rapper)
Reginald Noble (born April 17, 1970), better known by his stage name Redman, is an American rapper and record producer. He rose to fame in the early 1990s as an artist on Def Jam Recordings.

He is well known for his collaborations with his close friend Method Man, as one-half of the rap duo Method Man & Redman including their starring roles in films and sitcoms which include How High and Method and Red.  He was also a member of the Def Squad in the late 1990s.
Spycimierz-Kolonia
Spycimierz-Kolonia [spɨˈt͡ɕimjɛʂ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uniejów, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Uniejów, 16 km (10 mi) west of Poddębice, and 53 km (33 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice
Poddębice [pɔdːɛmˈbʲit͡sɛ] is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Poddębice County. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Łódź. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Gaston Aumoitte
Gaston Achille Louis Aumoitte (19 December 1884 in Hanoi, Tonkin Protectorate – 30 December 1957 in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France) was a French croquet player and Olympic champion. He received a gold medal in Singles, one ball at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris.

He also received a gold medal in Doubles (with Georges Johin), as the only participants in that competition.

Croquet
Croquet (UK: /ˈkroʊkeɪ, -ki/ or US: /kroʊˈkeɪ/) is a sport which involves hitting wooden, plastic, or composite balls with a mallet through hoops (often called "wickets" in the United States) embedded in a grass playing court.

The sport was codified in England in the 1860s and then spread overseas. However, similar games have been recorded back to the late Middle Ages. Today, there are several variations of the game.

At its highest level, the game is played internationally with top players coming from Australia, England, Spain, Egypt, South Africa and the United States amongst other countries.

The sport can be played equally well by men and women. In 2018, two international championships open to both sexes were won by women.
EMRTS Cymru
The Emergency Medical Retrieval and Transfer Service Cymru (EMRTS Cymru) is a pre-hospital critical care service in Wales. It is partnership between Wales Air Ambulance, Welsh Government and NHS Wales.

Intensive care medicine
Intensive care medicine, usually called critical care medicine, is a medical specialty that deals with seriously or critically ill patients who have, are at risk of, or are recovering from conditions that may be life-threatening. It includes providing life support, invasive monitoring techniques, resuscitation, and end-of-life care. Doctors in this specialty are often called intensive care physicians, critical care physicians, or intensivists.

Intensive care relies on multidisciplinary teams composed of many different health professionals. Such teams often include doctors, nurses, physical therapists, respiratory therapists, and pharmacists, among others. They usually work together in intensive care units (ICUs) within a hospital.
Patrick Manning (rower)
Patrick Francis "Pat" Manning, Jr. (born May 6, 1967) was a five-time member of the U.S. National Rowing Team.  He competed in the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona in the men's heavyweight coxless four and won a silver medal.

He attended and was a member of the rowing team at Franklin Delano Roosevelt High School in Hyde Park, New York, graduating in 1985. He is a 1990 summa cum laude graduate of Northeastern University and was elected to the school's Hall of Fame in 2000. He graduated from the Harvard Business School in 1994 and is currently a partner at Bain & Company in London.

Published in Forbes Patrick talks about how 8% of Olympic rowers wound up landing top jobs at public companies, investment banks, and law and consulting firms, or starting their own companies.

Hyde Park, New York
Hyde Park is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States, bordering the Hudson River north of Poughkeepsie. Within the town are the hamlets of Hyde Park, East Park, Staatsburg, and Haviland. Hyde Park is known as the hometown of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States.

Hyde Park is home to the main campus of the Culinary Institute of America, a four-year college for culinary and baking and pastry arts, and the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, the first presidential library in the United States.

Hyde Park's population was 21,021 at the 2020 United States census. U.S. Route 9 passes through the town near the Hudson River.
Union Hall, County Cork
Union Hall (Irish: Bréantrá), also Unionhall, is a small fishing village in County Cork, Ireland, located on the west side of Glandore Harbour. Its nearest neighbour to the west is Castletownshend; to the east, Glandore village. It is approximately 10 kilometres south-east of Skibbereen. As of the 2022 census, 359 people were living in Union Hall.

A key source of employment in the area is fishing, and the pier has its own ice plant and fish processing factory run by Glenmar Shellfish Ltd. Tourism is also an economic driver, and among the area's attractions are boat trips to view whales, dolphins and seals.

Fishing village
A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood. The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi). From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional.
Beqarar
Beqarar is a 1950 Pakistani film directed and co-produced by Nazir Ajmeri under banner Filmsaz Production. The film starred Ragni, S. Gul, Majid, Shammi, Charlie and Irshad Begum. Ghulam Haider was the music composer of the film's soundtrack.

It was Ajmeri's first film in Pakistan after his migration to the country. A flop film of the year, it became popular due to its music. The film which revolves around the theme of growing maximum grains for the country, was termed as ahead of its time by BBC.

Muhajir (Pakistan)
The Muhajir people (also spelled Mohajir and Mahajir) (Urdu: مہاجر) are a multi-origin ethnic group of Pakistan. They are the Muslim immigrants, of various ethnic groups and regional origins, who migrated from various regions of India after the 1947 independence to settle in the newly independent state of Pakistan, and their descendants.
Muhajirs come from various ethnic and regional backgrounds, with a significant portion of the community residing in Karachi and other major urban centers of Pakistan.

The total population of Muhajrs worldwide is estimated to be around 15 million, and the overwhelming majority of this figure (14.7 million) is located in Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistani census. Though the official controversial 2017 census of Karachi, which has historically hosted the country's largest Muhajir population, has been challenged by most of Sindh's political parties.
Cometicercus
Cometicercus is an extinct genus of furcacaudiform thelodont which lived in the Northwest Territories of Canada during the Early Devonian period. It hails from the MOTH locality in the Mackenzie Mountains. It is only known from its caudal fin and parts of its dorsal surface, including its dorsal fin. The scales of Cometicercus likely served an anti-parasite role, similar to modern sharks which form large groups and cruise at slow to medium speeds.

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Ferrari F136 engine
The F136, commonly known as Ferrari-Maserati engineblock, is a family of 90° V8 petrol engines jointly developed by Ferrari and Maserati and produced by Ferrari; these engines displace between 4.2 L and 4.7 L, and produce between 390 PS (287 kW; 385 hp) and 605 PS (445 kW; 597 hp). All engines are naturally aspirated, incorporate dual overhead camshafts, variable valve timing, and four valves per cylinder.

The architecture was produced in various configurations for Ferrari and Maserati automobiles, and the Alfa Romeo 8C. Production started in 2001. Ferrari was spun-off from their common parent company in January 2016 and has stated they will not renew the contract to supply engines to Maserati by 2022.

Starting with the 2013 Maserati Quattroporte GTS, and following with the 2014 Ferrari California T, the F136 was replaced by the twin turbocharged Ferrari F154 V8 engine.

Maserati
Maserati S.p.A. (Italian: [mazeˈraːti]) is an Italian luxury car manufacturer. Established on 1 December 1914 in Bologna, Italy, the company's headquarters are now in Modena, and its emblem is a trident. The company has been owned by Stellantis since 2021.
Honda Express
The Honda Express or Honda NC50 is a scooter made by Honda between 1977 and 1983. Variants include the Express (NC50), Express II (NA50), Express SR (NX50) and Urban Express (NU50). All versions of the Express line are powered by an air-cooled 49 cc (3.0 cu in) two-stroke engine.

Air-cooled engine
Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. Air-cooled designs are far simpler than their liquid-cooled counterparts, which require a separate radiator, coolant reservoir, piping and pumps.

Air-cooled engines are widely seen in applications where weight or simplicity is the primary goal. Their simplicity makes them suited for uses in small applications like chainsaws and lawn mowers, as well as small generators and similar roles. These qualities also make them highly suitable for aviation use, where they are widely used in general aviation aircraft and as auxiliary power units on larger aircraft. Their simplicity, in particular, also makes them common on motorcycles.
USCGC Liberty
USCGC Liberty (WPB-1334) was an Island-class cutter of the United States Coast Guard. Commissioned on December 19, 1989, she spent her first thirty-three years of service homeported in Juneau, Alaska, where she patrolled territorial waters, including the Inside Passage. In 2016, she won the Hopley Yeaton Cutter Excellence Award for outstanding operational and humanitarian achievements. From 2022 to 2025, she was reassigned to Valdez, Alaska. Liberty was decommissioned in Valdez on April 29, 2025.

Inside Passage
The Inside Passage (French: Passage Intérieur) is a coastal route for ships and boats along a network of passages which weave through the islands on the Pacific Northwest coast of the North American Fjordland. The route extends from southeastern Alaska in the United States, through western British Columbia in Canada, to northwestern Washington state in the United States. Ships using the route can avoid some of the bad weather in the open ocean and may visit some of the many isolated communities along the route. The Inside Passage is heavily travelled by cruise ships, freighters, tugs with tows, fishing craft, pleasure craft, and ships of the Alaska Marine Highway, BC Ferries, and Washington State Ferries systems. Coast Guard vessels of both Canada and the United States patrol and transit in the Passage.

In Academic publishing, Inside Passage refers to the broader network of waterways, fjords, and islands, rather than just as a navigational route.
2025 J.League Cup
The 2025 J.League Cup, known as the 2025 J.League YBC Levain Cup (Japanese: 2025 JリーグYBCルヴァンカップ) for sponsorship reasons, was the 33rd edition of J.League Cup, a Japanese association football cup competition. It was the second season all 60 J.League clubs participate in the League Cup. Defending champions Nagoya Grampus, having won their second title in 2024, were eliminated in the Group 7 second round.

Kawasaki Frontale
Kawasaki Frontale (川崎フロンターレ, Kawasaki Furontāre) is a Japanese professional football club based in Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, south of Tokyo. The club currently compete in the J1 League, which is the top tier of football in the country. Their home stadium is Kawasaki Todoroki Stadium in Nakahara Ward, located in the central area of Kawasaki.
Reza Abbaschian
Reza Abbaschian is an Iranian/American engineer, currently the William R. Johnson, Jr. Family Professor, Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering and the former Dean of the Bourns College of Engineering and, also formerly the Vladimir Grodsky Professor of Materials Science at University of Florida. In 2006, he was elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society and ASM, the latter of which he was a former president.

Abbaschian is considered pivotal in establishing a relationship with Winston Chung, which led to a $10 million donation to the college.

Abbascian was recognized with the 2017 AIME Honorary Membership Award for "pioneering contributions in solidification processing, materials education and leadership in materials science and engineering worldwide".

ASM International (society)
ASM International, formerly known as the American Society for Metals, is an association of materials-centric engineers and scientists.

As the charitable arm of ASM, the ASM Materials Education Foundation also operates ASM Materials Camp in the summers for high school students and teachers. These camps are intended to educate the public about the materials field, and encourage young people to pursue careers in materials science and engineering.
Wolf Armoured Vehicle
The Wolf Armoured Vehicle (Hebrew: זאב) is an armoured personnel carrier, used mainly by the Israeli Defence Force. It was created to provide a better handling and better protected armoured vehicle than the M113 (Bardelas). The Wolf is a heavily armoured crew carrier, manufactured by the company Carmor. It combines a commercial truck's speed and maneuverability and APC-like armour, qualities necessary for low-intensity confrontation. The Wolf's chassis is based on a Ford F-550 truck, and is equipped with a 6-litre V8 engine capable of reaching 325 horsepower. The engine is combined with a 5-speed automatic transmission, which drives all four wheels, making this a four-by-four.

Low-intensity conflict
A low-intensity conflict (LIC) is a military conflict, usually localised, between two or more state or non-state groups which is below the intensity of conventional war. It involves the state's use of military forces applied selectively and with restraint to enforce compliance with its policies or objectives.

The term can be used to describe conflicts where at least one or both of the opposing parties operate along such lines.
Ernie Hug
Ernest Leslie Hug (4 March 1944 – 17 June 1978) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

The child of parents Ernest Leslie Hug Snr (1919–1977) and Rosemary Eleanor Hug, nee Pavey (1924–2015), Ernest Leslie Hug was born at Dandenong on 4 March 1944. Hug married Kaylene Fidler in December 1968 and they had 4 children, Bernadene Voss, Ernie Hug 3rd, Catherine Hug and Peter Hug.

Hug's son, Ernie, 3rd. was drafted to Collingwood under the father-son rule in 1989 but failed to play a senior match for Collingwood. His other son Peter, died in 1999 from injuries sustained during a football match.

Ernie Hug died in 1978 after a tractor accident on his cattle farm in Heyfield, Victoria.

Heyfield
Heyfield is a town in Victoria, Australia, with a population of 2050. It is 206 kilometres (128 mi) east of Melbourne, in the Shire of Wellington local government area.  Located on the Thomson River, Heyfield is a gateway to the Victorian High Country.
Ōsaka Uehommachi Station
Ōsaka-Uehommachi Station (大阪上本町駅, Ōsaka-Uehonmachi-eki) is a railway station in Tennoji-ku, Osaka, Japan, served by the Kintetsu Railway's Osaka, Nara, and Namba Lines. Trains on the Nara Line arrive at and depart from an underground platform. The station is connected to Tanimachi Kyuchome Station on the Tanimachi Line (T25) and the Sennichimae Line (S18) of the Osaka Metro. It has been the Kintetsu Railway's terminus since the Nara Line was opened in 1914.

The station is also known as Ueroku Station (上六駅, Ueroku-eki) since it is located in Uehommachi Rokuchōme (or Ueroku for short), which is currently used as the name of the connecting bus stops. The station was renamed from Uehommachi Station (上本町駅) on 20 March 2009, when it started being served by trains on the Hanshin Namba Line.

Tanimachi Line
The Tanimachi Line (谷町線, Tanimachi-sen) is a rapid transit line of Osaka Metro, running from Dainichi Station in Moriguchi to Yaominami Station in Yao through Osaka. Despite chronologically being the system's fourth line, its official name is Rapid Electric Tramway Line No. 2 (高速電気軌道第2号線), while the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau refers to it as Osaka City Rapid Railway Line No. 2 (大阪市高速鉄道第2号線), and in MLIT publications, it is written as Line No. 2 (Tanimachi Line) (2号線（谷町線）). On line maps, stations on the Tanimachi Line are indicated with the letter T.

The central part of the line runs underneath Tanimachi-suji, a broad north–south thoroughfare lined with prefectural government buildings and Buddhist temples. Its only above-ground segment is the vicinity of Yaominami Station. The line color on maps, station signs and train livery is tyrian purple (京紫, kyō-murasaki), derived from the kasaya robes worn by Buddhist monks.
Åshild Irgens
Åshild Anita Irgens (born 7 February 1976) is a Norwegian illustrator. She has illustrated several children's books for the publishers Aschehoug, Damm, Samlaget and Gyldendal, among them the novel Tonje Glimmerdal by Maria Parr, a recipient of the Brage Prize.

Hans Sande
Hans Sande (born 20 December 1946) is a Norwegian psychiatrist, poet, novelist and children's writer. He was born in Bergen.  He made his literary début in 1969 with the poetry collection Strime, for which he was awarded the Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris. Among his children's books are Lita grøn grasbok from 1972 and Trastedikt from 1977.