hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diario Oficial (Colombia)
The Diario Oficial is the official journal of the Government of Colombia that contains the laws, decrees, acts, and most pertinent documents and public notices of the President, Congress, and government agencies of Colombia. It is a daily (except holidays) publication, and was established on 28 April 1864 by means of an executive decree issued by President Manuel Murillo Toro; its first issue appeared on 30 April 1864, publishing the legal information of the day before.

The Diario Oficial is printed by the National Printing Office.

Public holidays in Colombia
There are 18 public holidays in Colombia (12 Catholic holidays and 6 Civic holidays), plus Palm and Easter Sunday. The city of Barranquilla has 2 extra holidays, celebrating Monday and Tuesday of Carnival.

Since 1983, 10 of the holidays are movable: when they do not fall on a Monday, these holidays are observed the following Monday
New York's 121st State Assembly district
New York's 121st State Assembly district is one of the 150 districts in the New York State Assembly. It has been represented by Republican Joe Angelino since 2023, succeeding John Salka. Prior to redistricting, Angelino represented District 122.

Joe Angelino
Joe Angelino (born December 24, 1959) is an American politician and law enforcement officer serving as a member of the New York State Assembly from the 121st district. Elected in November 2020, he assumed office on January 6, 2021.
Alpine skiing at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's slalom
The women's slalom competition of the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on Wednesday, 18 February, at Olimpia delle Tofane in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. Mikaela Shiffrin of the United States won the event 12 years after her gold medal in 2014 as a teenager. Camille Rast of Switzerland won the silver medal, and Anna Swenn-Larsson of Sweden the bronze. Rast and Swenn-Larsson won their first Olympic medals.

Alpine skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's slalom
The women's slalom competition of the Sochi 2014 Olympics was held at the Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort near Krasnaya Polyana, Russia, on 21 February.

18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin won the gold medal, becoming the youngest slalom gold medalist in Olympic history.
PSRK
PSRK (short for Predictive Soave–Redlich–Kwong)
is an estimation method for the calculation of phase equilibria of mixtures of chemical components. The original goal for the development of this method was to enable the estimation of properties of mixtures containing supercritical components. This class of substances cannot be predicted with established models, for example UNIFAC.

Critical point (thermodynamics)
Subcritical ethane, liquid and gas phase coexist.

Critical point (32.17 °C, 48.72 bar), displaying critical opalescence.

Supercritical ethane, fluid.

In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas comes into a supercritical phase, and so cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. At the critical point, defined by a critical temperature Tc and a critical pressure pc, phase boundaries vanish. Other examples include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic field.
Koro Bessho
Koro Bessho (別所 浩郎, Bessho Kōrō, born 5 February 1953) is a Japanese diplomat who has served as Grand Chamberlain to the Emperor since 2021. He previously served as Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2016 to 2019, and as President of the United Nations Security Council in July 2016 and December 2017.

Permanent representative to the United Nations
A permanent representative to the United Nations (sometimes called a "UN ambassador") is the head of a country's diplomatic mission to the United Nations.

Of these, the most high-profile UN permanent representatives are those assigned to headquarters in New York City. However, member states also appoint permanent representatives to the other UN offices in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi.

Many countries call their UN permanent representative "UN ambassadors". Although a permanent representative holds the equivalent diplomatic rank of an ambassador (or chief of mission or high commissioner), they are accredited to an international organisation, and not to a head of state (as a nation's ambassador would be) or to a head of government (as a high commissioner would be).
Wang Dan (play)
Wang Dan (Chinese: 王丹) was a 2014 play produced by Stage 64. The play centers on Wang Dan, one of the student leaders of the June Fourth Incident. It was directed by Lee King-cheong and staged at the Shouson Theatre of the Hong Kong Arts Centre from 20 to 22 June 2014, with a total of five performances.

Wang Dan (dissident)
Wang Dan (Chinese: 王丹; born 26 February 1969) is a Chinese political activist and history scholar. He rose to prominence while studying at Peking University as one of the student leaders in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, after which he was twice jailed by the Chinese government. He went into exile in the United States in 1998 and, after earning a PhD from Harvard University, divided his time between Taiwan, where he taught at several universities, and the United States.
Voorhout railway station
Voorhout is a railway station located in Voorhout, Netherlands. The station is on the Amsterdam–Rotterdam railway and the first station opened on 15 February 1892. This station closed on 17 September 1944. On 1 March 1997 the station re-opened. It is a simple station with two platforms on opposite sides of the tracks. The train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.
Johan Du Preez
Johan Du Preez (born 8 July 1936) is a former sprinter. He competed for Rhodesia in the men's 100 metres and men's 200 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Representing Rhodesia and Nyasaland, he won a bronze medal in the 220 yards at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. In 1962, he also finished fourth in the 4 × 110 yards relay (with Jeffery Smith, Danie Burger, and Roy Collins) and was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the 100 yards in Perth.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres was the shortest of the men's track races in the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo, Japan.  It was held at the Olympic Stadium on 14 and 15 October 1964.  76 athletes from 49 nations entered, with three not starting in the first round. Nations were limited to three athletes each, per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The first two rounds were held on Wednesday, 14 October, with the semifinals and final on the following day.

In the final, American Bob Hayes tied the world record of 10.0 seconds and won the gold medal. Enrique Figuerola of Cuba and Harry Jerome of Canada tied the previous Olympic record time (10.2 seconds). It was Cuba's first medal in the event; Canada earned its first men's 100 metres medal since 1928.
Sipilä
Sipilä is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Juha Sipilä (born 1961), Finnish politician

Elis Sipilä (1887–1958), Finnish gymnast

Helvi Sipilä (1915–2009), Finnish diplomat

Jukka Sipilä (1936–2004), Finnish actor and director

Markus Sipilä (born 1980), Finnish curler

Tapio Sipilä (born 1958), Finnish wrestler

Tauno Sipilä (1921–2001), Finnish cross-country skier

Ulla Sipilä, Finnish ice hockey referee

Väinö Sipilä (1897–1987), Finnish long-distance runner

Wilho Sipilä (1858–1917), Finnish politician

Tauno Sipilä
Tauno Olavi Sipilä (7 November 1921, Multia, Central Finland - 9 July 2001) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. At the 1954 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun, he finished fifth in the 30 km event.

Sipilä also finished eighth in the 18 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.
Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Attur
Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Attur, is a general degree college located in Attur, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1972. The college is affiliated with Periyar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Periyar University
Periyar University is a university in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. It was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu in 1997. It is named after social reformer Thanthai Periyar E. V. Ramasamy. The University Grants Commissions, New Delhi bestowed 2f status in 1998 and 12(B) status in 2005 to the university. It is accredited by NAAC with 'A++' grade. It has been awarded a cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of 3.61 out of 4 points (performance descriptor "Excellent"). University ranked Second in India only after to Mumbai University and First in Tamil Nadu among State Universities. Periyar University is the first State University to rank "A++" grade.
Vocalo Zanmai
Vocalo Zanmai (ボカロ三昧, Bokaro Zanmai) is the debut album by Japanese band Wagakki Band, released on April 23, 2014 by Avex Trax in three editions: CD only, CD with DVD, and CD with Blu-ray. The album features Vocaloid (one UTAU) songs covered in the band's style of mixing traditional Japanese musical instruments (wagakki) with heavy metal. Their version of Kurousa-P's "Senbonzakura" has since become the band's signature song on live performances.

The album peaked at No. 5 on Oricon's albums chart and was certified Gold by the RIAJ.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
Model checking
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification (also known as correctness). This is typically associated with hardware or software systems, where the specification contains liveness requirements (such as avoidance of livelock) as well as safety requirements (such as avoidance of states representing a system crash).

In order to solve such a problem algorithmically, both the model of the system and its specification are formulated in some precise mathematical language. To this end, the problem is formulated as a task in logic, namely to check whether a structure satisfies a given logical formula. This general concept applies to many kinds of logic and many kinds of structures. A simple model-checking problem consists of verifying whether a formula in the propositional logic is satisfied by a given structure.

Petri net
A Petri net, also known as a place/transition net (PT net), is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems.  It is a class of discrete event dynamic system. A Petri net is a directed bipartite graph that has two types of elements: places and transitions. Place elements are depicted as white circles and transition elements are depicted as rectangles. 
A place can contain any number of tokens, depicted as black circles. A transition is enabled if all places connected to it as inputs contain at least one token.
Like industry standards such as UML activity diagrams, Business Process Model and Notation, and event-driven process chains, Petri nets offer a graphical notation for stepwise processes that include choice, iteration, and concurrent execution. Unlike these standards, Petri nets have an exact mathematical definition of their execution semantics, with a well-developed mathematical theory for process analysis.
Donetsk Regional State Administration Building
The Donetsk Regional State Administration Building (Ukrainian: Будівля Донецької обласної державної адміністрації) in Donetsk is the primary government headquarters (referred to as the Donetsk Regional State Administration; Ukrainian: Донецька обласна державна адміністрація) of Donetsk Oblast, a province located eastern Ukraine. It is located in the city's Voroshilov Raion, along the Pushkin Boulevard. It is currently controlled by the Donetsk People's Republic.

Voroshylovskyi District, Donetsk
Voroshylovskyi District (Ukrainian: Ворошиловський район Russian: Ворошиловский район) is an urban district of Donetsk, Ukraine, named after Marshal of the Soviet Union Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov.

It is the Donetsk's downtown and was created in 1973 after splitting away from the Kalininskyi District, Donetsk.
Archdiocese of Lima
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima (Latin: Archidioecesis Limana) is part of the Catholic Church in Peru which enjoys full communion with the Holy See. The Archdiocese was founded as the Diocese of Lima on 14 May 1541. The diocese was raised to the level of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Paul III on 12 February 1546.  One of its archbishops was the saint Torribio Mogrovejo.

The suffragan dioceses are: Callao, Carabayllo, Chosica, Huacho, Ica, Lurín, and (Territorial Prelature) Yauyos.   From 1999 to 2019 the Archbishop of Lima was Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, made Cardinal in 2001. The Archbishop's Palace of Lima is the headquarters of the archdiocese.

Trinitarians
The Trinitarians, formally known as the Order of the Most Holy Trinity and of the Captives (Latin: Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis et Captivorum; abbreviated OSsT), is a mendicant order of the Catholic Church for men founded in Cerfroid, outside Paris, in the late 12th century. From the very outset, a special dedication to the mystery of the Holy Trinity has been a constitutive element of the order's life.

Papal documents refer to the founder only as "Brother John", but tradition identifies him as John of Matha, whose feast day is celebrated on 17 December. The founding-intention for the order was the ransom of Christians held captive by Muslims, a consequence of crusading and of piracy along the Mediterranean coast of Europe.
Tacoma Rail
Tacoma Rail (reporting marks TMBL, TRMW) is a publicly owned Class III shortline railroad. It is owned by the city of Tacoma, Washington and operated as a public utility. It is one of three operating divisions of the municipally owned Tacoma Public Utilities service, but unlike other city services, the railroad is self-supported and generates revenue for the City of Tacoma and Washington State. Tacoma Rail provides freight switching services, serving the Port of Tacoma and customers in Tacoma, south Pierce County and formerly parts of Thurston County. It operates 16 diesel locomotives, more than 100 employees, and about 140 miles (230 km) of track, many of which are former Milwaukee Road and BNSF Railway lines around Western Washington.

Shortline railroad
A shortline railroad is a small or mid-sized railroad company that operates over a relatively short distance relative to larger, national railroad networks. The term is used primarily in the United States and Canada. In the former, railroads are categorized by operating revenue, and most shortline railroads fall into the Class III or Class II categorization defined by the Surface Transportation Board.
Tragic Week (Argentina)
Tragic Week (Spanish: Semana Trágica), also known as Bloody Week, was a series of riots and massacres that took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from January 7 to 14, 1919. An uprising led by anarchists and communists was eventually crushed by the Argentine Federal Police, the military, and the Argentine Patriotic League. Estimates of the death toll vary but are usually in the hundreds, mostly of workers at the hands of the government forces.

Argentine Federal Police
The Argentine Federal Police (Spanish: Policía Federal Argentina or PFA) is the national civil police force of the Argentine federal government. The PFA has detachments throughout the country. Until January 1, 2017, it also acted as the local law enforcement agency in the capital, Buenos Aires.
Dolnje Mraševo
Dolnje Mraševo (pronounced [ˈdoːlnjɛ ˈmɾaːʃɛʋɔ]) is a small village in the Municipality of Straža in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Straža
The Municipality of Straža (pronounced [ˈstɾaːʒa]; Slovene: Občina Straža) is a municipality in southeastern Slovenia. It lies on the banks of the Krka River in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The municipality was created in 2006 when it split from the City Municipality of Novo Mesto. It is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It has over 3,500 inhabitants. Its seat is Straža.

The main employer was the Novoles company, based in the town as well as a number of smaller companies. There are many vineyards in the area.
Aftercastle
The aftercastle (or sterncastle, sometimes aftcastle) is the stern structure behind the mizzenmast and above the transom on large sailing ships, such as carracks, caravels, galleons and galleasses. It usually houses the captain's cabin and perhaps additional cabins and is crowned by the poop deck, which on men-of-war provided a heightened platform from which to fire upon other ships; it was also a place of defence in the event of boarding. More common, but much smaller, is the forecastle.

The corresponding term forecastle today is also used to describe the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast in general.

As sailing ships evolved, the aftercastle gave way to the quarterdeck, whose span ran all the way to the main mast.

Man-of-war
In Royal Navy jargon, a man-of-war (also man-o'-war, or simply man) was a powerful warship or frigate which was frequently used in Europe from the 16th to the 19th century. Although the term never acquired a specific meaning, it was usually reserved for a sailing ship armed with cannons. The rating system of the Royal Navy classified men-of-war into six "rates", a "first-rate" having the greatest armament, and a "sixth-rate" the least.
Principality of Birkenfeld
The Principality of Birkenfeld (German: Fürstentum Birkenfeld), known after 1919 as the Region of Birkenfeld (German: Landesteil Birkenfeld), was an exclave of the Grand Duchy and then the Free State of Oldenburg from 1817 until 1937, when it was incorporated into Prussia. It was located in the Nahe region on the left bank of the Rhine river and its capital was Birkenfeld. The government was led by a Government-President (Regierungspräsident) who was appointed by the government of Oldenburg.

Achtelsbach
Achtelsbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Diamine transaminase
In enzymology, a diamine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

an alpha,omega-diamine + 2-oxoglutarate  an omega-aminoaldehyde + L-glutamate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are alpha,omega-diamine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are omega-aminoaldehyde and L-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is diamine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include amine transaminase, amine-ketoacid transaminase, diamine aminotransferase, and diamine-ketoglutaric transaminase.  This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
Lost in Wrestling
Lost in Wrestling (Chinese: 搏击迷城), also known as 3D Lost in Wrestling, is a 2015 3D sports drama film directed by Casey Chan. A Chinese-Hong Kong co-production, it was released in China on 5 June 2015.

Sports film
A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.
Hobby Japan
Hobby Japan Co., Ltd. (株式会社ホビージャパン, Kabushiki gaisha Hobī Japan) is a Japanese publishing company known for publishing and releasing books, magazines, light novels, games, and collectibles. Founded in 1969, the company owns and distributes such publications as the eponymous Hobby Japan EX magazine, as well as Uchusen. The company has also released a number of role-playing and tabletop games, action figures related to anime and manga franchises, as well as diecast cars and related models.

Action figure
An action figure is a poseable character model figure made most commonly of plastic, and often based upon characters from a film, comic book, military, video game, television program, or sport; fictional or historical. These figures are usually marketed toward boys and adult collectors. The term was coined by Hasbro in 1964 to market G.I. Joe to boys (while competitors called similar offerings boy's dolls).

According to a 2005 study in Sweden, action figures which display traditional masculine traits primarily target boys. While most commonly marketed as a child's toy, the action figure has gained widespread acceptance as collector item for adults. In such a case, the item may be produced and designed on the assumption it will be bought solely for display as a collectible and not played with like a child's toy.