hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur (VNIT), formerly known as Visvesvaraya Regional College of Engineering (VRCE) is a public technical university located in the city of Nagpur, Maharashtra. Established in 1960, the institute is among 31  National Institutes of Technology (NITs) in the country. In 2007, the institute was conferred with the status of Institute of National Importance by the National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research Act, 2007 of the Parliament of India with all other NITs.

Formerly known as Visvesvaraya Regional College of Engineering (VRCE), the institute is named in honour of an eminent engineer, planner and statesman Sir M. Visvesvaraya. The Institute awards Bachelor's, Master's and Doctorate degrees in engineering, technology, architecture, science and humanities.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
Arkadioi
Arkadioi (Greek: Αρκάδιοι) was a former municipality on the island of Zakynthos, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Zakynthos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located on the north coast of the island. It has a land area of 26.475 km². Its population was 5,729 at the 2021 census. The seat of the municipality was in Vanato. The municipal unit consists of the communities Vanato, Agios Kirykos, Kalipado, Kypseli, Planos, Sarakinado and Tragaki.

Ionian Islands (region)
The Ionian Islands Region (/aɪˈoʊniən/ eye-OH-nee-ən; Greek: Περιφέρεια Ιονίων Νήσων, romanized: Periféria Ioníon Níson, [periˈferia ioˈnion ˈnison]) is the smallest by area of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece located in the Ionian Sea. It comprises all the Ionian Islands except Kythera, which, although historically part of the island group, was separated and integrated to the Attica Region.
Cormac Cond Longas
Cormac Cond Longas (Connlongas, Connloinges, "Exiled Prince") was the eldest son of Conchobar mac Nessa by either his wife Clothru or his own mother, Ness, in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. His foster father was Fergus mac Róich.

Cormac followed Fergus into exile in Connacht after the Deirdre affair, and fought for Ailill and Medb against his father in the Táin Bó Cuailnge (Cattle Raid of Cooley). During the battle, he prevented Fergus from killing Conchobar.

When Conchobar died the Ulstermen asked Cormac to return to Ulster as their king. However, on his journey home he was forced to break his geasa (taboos) and was killed when the hostel he and his men were staying in was raided.

Geas
A geis or geas (pl. geasa) is an idiosyncratic taboo, whether of obligation or prohibition, similar to being under a vow or curse, yet the observance of which can also bring power and blessings. It is also used to mean specifically a spell prohibiting some action. Geasa are common in Irish and Scottish folklore and mythology, as well as in modern English-language fantasy fiction.

The word originates in Old Irish, also known as Old Gaelic, and retains the same form in Modern Irish (nominative singular geis /ɟɛʃ/, nom. plural geasa /ˈɟasˠə/; genitive sg. geise /ˈɟɛʃə/, gen. pl. geas /ɟasˠ/). In modern Scottish Gaelic, the spelling has evolved in a slightly different direction (nom. sg. geas /kʲes/, nom. pl. geasan, gen. sg. geis or geasa). It has also been borrowed into English in both forms (sg. geas or geis /ɡɛʃ/ or /ˈɡi.əʃ/, pl. geasa)).
Carrollton–Prestonville Bridge
The Carrollton–Prestonville Bridge is a continuous truss bridge that carries U.S. Route 42 and Kentucky Route 36 across the Kentucky River between Carrollton and Prestonville, Kentucky. It carries approximately 9,640 cars a day as of 2009. The bridge is located just south of the confluence of the Ohio and Kentucky rivers. The original bridge was toll bridge that opened in 1900. In 1952, it was replaced by a new bridge just a few feet downstream. The piers and eastern approach of the original bridge remain.

Prestonville, Kentucky
Prestonville is a home rule-class city located at the confluence of the Ohio and Kentucky rivers in Carroll County, Kentucky, in the United States. It lies across the Kentucky River from Carrollton. As of the 2020 census, Prestonville had a population of 171.
Rur Eifel
The Dürener Rur Eifel (German: Dürener Rureifel) lies in the district of Düren in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, and is a local recreation area from the regions of Cologne, Aachen, Düsseldorf, Krefeld, Mönchengladbach and Bonn. Its name comes from the river Rur and the Eifel Mountains. To this touristic region belong Nideggen, Heimbach, Hürtgenwald and Kreuzau. It had been the operating area of the Rureifel-Tourismus e.V. until 2020.

Also towns and municipalities within the Städteregion Aachen, Stolberg, Roetgen, Simmerath and Monschau have been included into the work area of Rureifel Tourismus GmbH since 2021

The Naturpark Eifel (Eifel Forest Park) defines also Schleiden and Hellenthal, within the district of Euskirchen as parts of the Rur Eifel.

This holiday and day-excursion region is widely known for having the second largest dam in Europe, the Schwammenauel, or Rur Dam, the Eifel National Park and a part of the Deutsch-Belgischen Naturpark Hohes Venn - Eifel.

Rur Dam
The Rur Dam (German: Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel) is a 77.2 metre high dam located in the southwestern part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It was built in 1939 and impounds the Roer to form the Roer Reservoir (Rurstausee or Rursee) which is 7.83 km2 in area. It lies within the districts of Aachen and Düren.
Anuwar Ali
Anuwar bin Md Ali (born 1946) is a Malaysian economist and exponent of higher education, is the second Vice-Chancellor and President of Open University Malaysia.

He began as a tutor in the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in 1973. From then on, he rose in ranks to become the Dean of Economics in 1993 and ultimately the Vice-Chancellor of UKM on 1 May 1998. In addition to this, he was the Director of Higher Education at the Ministry of Higher Education (1995–1998) and Chairman of the Malaysian Examination Council (2001–2003).

Born in Jasin, Melaka on 11 July 1946, he received his secondary education at Melaka High School. Later on he studied at Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland where he obtained his BSc (Econs) in 1970. While he was a tutor and lecturer at UKM, he furthered his studies and obtained his Masters and PhD from the University of Leicester and University of Kent, Canterbury, England respectively.

Open University Malaysia
Open University Malaysia, abbreviated as OUM (formerly UNITEM), is the seventh private university in Malaysia. It is owned by Multimedia Technology Enhancement Operations (METEOR) Sdn. Bhd, a consortium of 11 Malaysian public universities.

The main campus is located at Menara OUM, Kelana Centre Point, Kelana Jaya, Selangor. Additionally, there are more than 30 learning centres throughout Malaysia, out of which 10 are regional learning centres.
Van Riebeeck's Hedge
Van Riebeeck's Hedge is a hedge planted in 1660 by Jan van Riebeeck to mark the border of the Dutch East India Company settlement in what is now Cape Town, South Africa. The hedge consisted of indigenous wild almond trees (Brabejum stellatifolium).  Sections of the hedge can still be seen in Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden and Bishopscourt, and have been declared a National Monument.

Bishopscourt, Cape Town
Bishopscourt is a small, wealthy, residential suburb in the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town in the Western Cape, South Africa. It is part of the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality, created in 2000, which includes the greater Cape Town area. It has approximately 350 houses most of which are on more than 4,000 square metres (1 acre) of land.

The suburb includes the official residence of the Archbishop of Cape Town, which is known as Bishopscourt, whence comes the name of the suburb. It is also the location of a large number of  foreign consulates and embassies. Along with the neighbouring suburbs of Newlands and Claremont, Bishopscourt is located in an area at the foot of Table Mountain that attractions considerably more rainfall than the rest of the Cape Peninsula.

In 2015, it was ranked the sixth richest suburb in South Africa with an average property value of R11 million.
Domar serfdom model
The Domar Serfdom Model is a mid-to-late 20th century model that develops a hypothesis concerning the causes of agricultural slavery or serfdom in historical societies. Evsey Domar first presented this model in his 1970 paper, “ The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis” published in the Economic History Review. The Domar Serfdom Model revives a hypothesis originally suggested by Russian Historian Vasily Klyuchevsky, who looks at the causes of slavery through the lens of the Russian experience in the 16th and 17th centuries. In his revisiting of the hypothesis, Domar aims to give it wider applicability while focusing more on an analysis that yields an economic model as an explanation of the causes of slavery.

Vasily Klyuchevsky
Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky (Russian: Василий Осипович Ключевский; 28 January [O.S. 16 January] 1841 – 25 May [O.S. 12 May] 1911) was a leading Russian Imperial historian of the late imperial period. He also addressed the contemporary Russian economy in his writings.
Sunny Suljic
Sunny Suljic (/ˈsʌldʒɪk/; born August 10, 2005) is an American actor, professional skateboarder and musician. He is known for his roles as Bob in Yorgos Lanthimos's 2017 drama The Killing of a Sacred Deer and as the voice and motion capture actor for Atreus, the son of Kratos, in the 2018 video game God of War, for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Performance in a Video Game and the D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement in Character. He reprised the role in the game's 2022 sequel, God of War Ragnarök, for which he was nominated for Best Performance at The Game Awards 2022, the BAFTA Award for Performer in a Leading Role, and the D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement in Character. In 2018, Suljic had his first lead role in Jonah Hill's film Mid90s, for which he received a Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer nomination.

British Academy Games Award for Performer
The British Academy Video Games Award for Performer is an award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) in honor of the best performance featured in a game "from voice artistry through to motion capture by a performer".

The award was first given at the 8th British Academy Video Games Awards ceremony in 2012, with Mark Hamill winning for his performance as the Joker in Batman: Arkham City. The performer with the most awards is Ashley Johnson with two, one each for her portrayal of Ellie in both The Last of Us and The Last of Us: Left Behind. Troy Baker and Nolan North received the most nominations with three.

Since 2019, the award has been split into "Performer in a Leading Role" and "Performer in a Supporting Role".
Olavi Murto
Olavi Kalervo Murto (1911–1971) was a Finnish diplomat, with a degree in philosophy. He was a negotiating officer from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs from 1961 to 1963 and an ambassador in Brussels from 1963 to 1967. He was awarded the 1967 Order of the Lion of Finland.

Order of the Lion of Finland
The Order of the Lion of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Leijonan ritarikunta; Swedish: Finlands Lejons orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty and the Order of the White Rose of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board. The President of Finland wears the Star of the Order of the Lion of Finland.
It's Not Killing Me
It's Not Killing Me is the debut solo album by American blues guitarist Mike Bloomfield. It was released in 1969 through Columbia Records. Following his success with the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, The Electric Flag, and in the Super Session recordings with Al Kooper, Bloomfield teamed up with former colleagues to record this largely self-written album.

The album peaked at No. 127 on the Billboard 200.

The Paul Butterfield Blues Band
The Paul Butterfield Blues Band was an American blues and blues-rock band from Chicago. Formed in the summer of 1963, the group originally featured eponymous vocalist and harmonicist Paul Butterfield, guitarist Elvin Bishop, bassist Jerome Arnold, and drummer Sam Lay. The band added guitarist Mike Bloomfield and keyboardist Mark Naftalin before recording their self-titled debut album, which was released in October 1965. The founding sextet were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015, along with Billy Davenport, their drummer on their second album, East-West.
Luchtenburg
Luchtenburg is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Buren, and is located in about 8 km southwest of Veenendaal.

Luchtenburg is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Ingen. The hamlet consists of about 40 houses.

Veenendaal
Veenendaal (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈveːnə(n)ˌdaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in central Netherlands, located in the province of Utrecht. Veenendaal is the only population centre within its administrative borders. The municipality had a population of 70,000 inhabitants on 8 August 2024 and covers an area of 19.72 km2 (7.61 sq mi).
Bumblebee models
Bumblebee models are effective field theories describing a vector field with a vacuum expectation value that spontaneously breaks Lorentz symmetry.  A bumblebee model is the simplest case of a theory with spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking.

The development of bumblebee models was motivated primarily by the discovery that mechanisms in string theory (and subsequently other quantum theories of gravity) can lead to tensor-valued fields acquiring vacuum expectation values. Bumblebee models are different from local U(1) gauge theories. Nevertheless, in some bumblebee models, massless modes that behave like photons can appear.

Spin connection
In differential geometry and mathematical physics, a spin connection is a connection on a spinor bundle.  It is induced, in a canonical manner, from the affine connection.  It can also be regarded as the gauge field generated by local Lorentz transformations. In some canonical formulations of general relativity, a spin connection is defined on spatial slices and can also be regarded as the gauge field generated by local rotations.

The spin connection occurs in two common forms: the Levi-Civita spin connection, when it is derived from the Levi-Civita connection, and the affine spin connection, when it is obtained from the affine connection. The difference between the two of these is that the Levi-Civita connection is by definition the unique torsion-free connection, whereas the affine connection (and so the affine spin connection) may contain torsion.
Sand filter
Sand filters are used as a step in the water treatment process of water purification.

There are three main types; rapid (gravity) sand filters, upward flow sand filters and slow sand filters. All three methods are used extensively in the water industry throughout the world. The first two require the use of flocculant chemicals to work effectively while slow sand filters can produce very high quality water with pathogens removal from 90% to >99% (depending on the strains), taste and odour without the need for chemical aids. Sand filters can, apart from being used in water treatment plants, be used for water purification in singular households as they use materials which are available for most people.

Water industry
The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services (including sewage treatment) to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy. Typically, public utilities operate water supply networks. The water industry does not include manufacturers and suppliers of bottled water, which is part of the beverage production and belongs to the food sector.

The water industry includes water engineering, operations, water and wastewater plant construction, equipment supply and specialist water treatment chemicals, among others.

The water industry is at the service of other industries, e.g. of the food sector which produces beverages such as bottled water.
Operation Vanguard
Operation Vanguard is a military police joint task force (JTF) set up by the President of Ghana in 2017 to combat illegal mining, known as galamsey. Over the years, the practice has depleted Ghana's forest cover and polluted bodies of water due to the crude and unregulated nature of the mining process.

Forest cover
Forest cover is the amount of trees that covers a particular area of land. It may be measured as relative (in percent) or absolute (in square kilometres/square miles). Nearly a third of the world's land surface is covered with forest, with closed-canopy forest accounting for 4 - 5 billion hectares of land. Forests provide many ecosystem services that humans and animals cannot survive without, but anthropogenic actions and climate change are threatening global forest cover in potentially irreversible ways.
Gentiana
Gentiana (/ˌdʒɛntʃiˈeɪnə/) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the gentian family (Gentianaceae), the tribe Gentianeae, and the monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. With over 300 species, it is considered a large genus. Gentians are notable for their mostly large trumpet-shaped flowers, which are often of an intense blue hue, though some are also bright yellow. The type species of the genus is Gentiana lutea.

The genus name is a tribute to Gentius, an Illyrian king who may have discovered tonic properties in gentians.

Tonic water
Tonic water is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, modern tonic water typically has a significantly lower quinine content and is often more sweetened than the original medicinal form. It is consumed for its distinctive bitter flavour.
Frank Hussey
Francis Valentine Joseph Hussey (February 14, 1905 – December 26, 1974) was an American sprint runner who won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

Frank Hussey, a schoolboy sensation from New York City's Stuyvesant High School, ran the third leg in the American 4 × 100 m relay team in Paris Olympics, which won the gold medal in a new world record of 41.0.

After returning from Paris, he attended Boston College and then Columbia University, and as a freshman became the leading Collegiate runner in America. He won the AAU championships in 100 yd (91 m) in 1925.

Although he was considered as a main favorite to gold medal in 100 m before the 1928 Summer Olympics, Hussey was eliminated in the heats of US Olympic Trials. After that he worked as a salesman, taught in the New York State Prison System, and served as an official at athletics events in his free time.

United States Olympic trials (track and field)
The United States Olympic trials for the sport of track and field is the quadrennial meet to select the United States representatives at the Olympic Games. Since 1992, the meet has also served as the year's USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships.  Because of the depth of competition in some events, this has been considered by many to be the best track meet in the world.  The event is regularly shown on domestic U.S. television and covered by a thousand members of the worldwide media.  As with all Olympic sports, the meet is conducted by the national governing body for the sport, currently USA Track & Field (USATF), which was previously named The Athletics Congress (TAC) until 1992.  Previous to the formation of TAC in 1979, the national governing body for most sports was the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU).
Rpmdrake
rpmdrake is a graphical interface to urpmi, which permits the installation of software packages.  It is provided as part of Mandriva Linux, Mageia and ROSA for package installation.

The application is written in gtk2-perl, and allows:

updating lists of packages available from configured installation media (CDs, websites, or network shares)

visualization of dependencies for one or more packages

installation and un-installation of packages to and from the operating system

rpmdrake is free software, available under the GNU General Public License, version 2.

urpmi was developed by Guillaume Cottenceau, then by Rafael Garcia-Suarez, then by Thierry Vignaud, first at Mandriva, then at Mageia (see , ).

Dependency hell
Dependency hell is a colloquial term for the frustration of some software users who have installed software packages which have dependencies on specific versions of other software packages.

The dependency issue arises when several packages have dependencies on the same shared packages or libraries, but they depend on different and incompatible versions of the shared packages. If the shared package or library can only be installed in a single version, the user may need to address the problem by obtaining newer or older versions of the dependent packages. This, in turn, may break other dependencies and push the problem to another set of packages.
Raatchasi
Raatchasi (transl. Demoness) is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language social drama film written and directed by Syed Gowthamraj, and produced by S. R. Prakashbabu and S. R. Prabhu under the banner of Dream Warrior Pictures.

The film stars Jyothika in the lead role, with Hareesh Peradi, Poornima Bhagyaraj, Sathyan, Nagineedu, and Aruldoss in supporting roles.

The music was composed by Sean Roldan, with cinematography by Gokul Benoy and editing by Philomin Raj. The film was released on 5 July 2019 to mixed reviews.

S. R. Prabhu
S. R. Prabhu is an Indian film producer. During his tenure at Studio Green (2010–13), he has produced 10 Tamil films and distributed 16 films in Tamil and Telugu. Later he founded Dream Warrior Pictures, a film production company in which his brother S. R. Prakashbabu has become partner in 2014. He is also a partner in Potential Studios, which is another film production company. S. R. Prabhu is a relative of the veteran actor Sivakumar and cousin of actors Suriya and Karthi.
Baden, Lower Saxony
Baden is a human settlement near Bremen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is known to Africanists and Phoneticians as the place where Diedrich Hermann Westermann was born and died. It is a borough of the town of Achim in Verden district.

Baden is on the train line from Hanover to Verden an der Aller to Bremen.

Baden's 1000th anniversary was celebrated in 2013.

53°00′N 9°05′E﻿ / ﻿53.000°N 9.083°E﻿ / 53.000; 9.083

Verden (district)
Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfeːɐ̯dn̩]) is a Kreis (district) in the centre of Lower Saxony, Germany. Adjoining it are (from the northwest clockwise) the districts of Osterholz, Rotenburg, Heidekreis, Nienburg, and Diepholz, as well as the city of Bremen.
2020 Generali Open Kitzbühel
The 2020 Generali Open Kitzbühel was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It is the 76th edition of the Austrian Open Kitzbühel, and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2020 ATP Tour. It will take place at the Tennis stadium Kitzbühel in Kitzbühel, Austria, from 6 to 13 September.

Dennis Novak
Dennis Novak (German pronunciation: [ˈdɛnɪs ˈnoːvak]; born 28 August 1993, in Wiener Neustadt) is an Austrian former professional tennis player. Novak achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 85 in March 2020.