hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ilha Grande de Gurupá
Ilha Grande de Gurupá is a large river island of the Amazon River delta. It lies in the Brazilian state of Pará, west of Marajó and near the confluence of the Amazon and the Xingu. The island has an area of 4,864 square kilometres (1,878 sq mi).

This island is part of the Marajó Archipelago.

River island
A river island is any exposed landmass surrounded by river water. Properly defined, it excludes shoals between seasonally varying flows and may exclude semi-coastal islands in river deltas such as Marajó.

These islands result from changes in the course of a river. Such changes may be caused by interactions with a tributary, or by the opposing fluvial actions of deposition and/or erosion that form a natural cut and meander. Nascent vegetation-free shoals and mudflats may dissipate and shift or build up into such islands through deposition; the process may be assisted through artificial reinforcement or natural factors, such as reeds, palms, evergreen trees or willows, that act as obstacles or erosion barriers, so that water flows around them. Islands may be small or large, covering many square kilometers, examples of which are given below.
Springer resolution
In mathematics, the Springer resolution is a resolution of the variety of nilpotent elements in a semisimple Lie algebra, or the unipotent elements of a reductive algebraic group, introduced by Tonny Albert Springer in 1969. The fibers of this resolution are called Springer fibers.

If U is the variety of unipotent elements in a reductive group G, and X the variety of Borel subgroups B, then the Springer resolution of U is the variety of pairs (u,B) of U×X such that u is in the Borel subgroup B. The map to U is the projection to the first factor. The Springer resolution for Lie algebras is similar, except that U is replaced by the nilpotent elements of the Lie algebra of G and X replaced by the variety of Borel subalgebras.

The Grothendieck–Springer resolution is defined similarly, except that U is replaced by the whole group G (or the whole Lie algebra of G). When restricted to the unipotent elements of G it becomes the Springer resolution.

Semisimple Lie algebra
In mathematics, a Lie algebra is semisimple if it is a direct sum of simple Lie algebras. (A simple Lie algebra is a non-abelian Lie algebra without any non-zero proper ideals.)

Throughout the article, unless otherwise stated, a Lie algebra is a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0. For such a Lie algebra , if nonzero, the following conditions are equivalent:

is semisimple;

the Killing form  is non-degenerate;

has no non-zero abelian ideals;

has no non-zero solvable ideals;

the radical (maximal solvable ideal) of  is zero.
Mark Dudbridge
Mark "Flash" Dudbridge (born 11 January 1973) is an English professional darts player. He appeared in the 2005 Premier League Darts after reaching the final of the 2005 PDC World Darts Championship. He also is a former World Master and has reached the final of the World Matchplay.

Darts
Darts is a competitive sport in which two or more players bare-handedly throw small sharp-pointed projectiles known as darts at a round target known as a dartboard.

Points can be scored by hitting specific marked areas of the board, though unlike in sports such as archery, these areas are distributed all across the board and do not follow a principle of points increasing toward the board's bullseye. Though a number of similar games using various boards and rules exist, the term "darts" usually now refers to a standardised game involving a specific board design and set of rules.

Darts is both a professional throwing sport and a traditional pub game.  Darts is commonly played in the British Isles, and recreationally loved around the world.
Nora Bernard
Nora Bernard ONS (September 22, 1935 – December 26, 2007) was a Canadian Mi'kmaq activist who sought compensation for survivors of the Canadian Indian residential school system. She was directly responsible for what became the largest class-action lawsuit in Canadian history, representing an estimated 79,000 survivors; the Canadian government settled the lawsuit in 2005 for more than C$5 billion.

Settlement (litigation)
In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. A collective settlement is a settlement of multiple similar legal cases. The term also has other meanings in the context of law. Structured settlements provide for future periodic payments, instead of a one-time cash payment.
Dennis Lyons
Dennis "Joe" Lyons (26 August 1916 – 29 March 2011) was a British scientist who researched topics ranging from rockets to roundabouts. He led the research of the Blue Streak and Black Knight rockets that were developed at the Royal Aircraft Establishment during the 1950s. In 1965 he became the director of the Road Research Laboratory, overseeing the introduction of the breathalyser, motorway crash barriers and compulsory front seat belts.

In 2012 his ashes were scattered at Farnborough Airport from a Tiger Moth.

Breathalyzer
A breathalyzer or breathalyser (a portmanteau of breath and analyzer/analyser), also called an alcohol meter, is a device for measuring breath alcohol content (BrAC). It is commonly utilized by law enforcement officers whenever they initiate traffic stops. The name is a genericized trademark of the Breathalyzer brand name of instruments developed by inventor Robert Frank Borkenstein in the 1950s.
Yatela Mine
The Yatela Mine is an open-pit gold mine situated near Yatela, 25 km north of Sadiola, in the Kayes Region of Mali. It is a single-pit operation. Commencing operation in 2001, heap leaching together with carbon-loading is carried out at a rate of approximately 2.9 million tonnes per year. The final step of eluting carbon and smelting the gold in the gold recovery process is completed at the Sadiola Gold Mine.

Apart from Yatela and Sadiola, AngloGold Ashanti's also operates the Morila Gold Mine in Mali. The production of its mines in Mali contributed 8 percent to the company's overall production in 2008.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Amanda Marshall (attorney)
Sally Amanda Marshall is an American lawyer in the U.S. state of Oregon. She was, most immediately, the United States Attorney for the United States District Court for the District of Oregon, the top federal prosecutor position in the state. She resigned her position on April 24, 2015, amid an internal review, citing unspecified health issues.

United States District Court for the District of Oregon
The United States District Court for the District of Oregon (in case citations, D. Ore. or D. Or.)  is the federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises the state of Oregon. It was created in 1859 when the state was admitted to the Union. Appellate jurisdiction belongs to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). Matthew P. Deady served as its first judge.

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Oregon represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of July 29, 2025, the interim United States attorney is Scott E. Bradford.
Kings Canyon Unified School District
Kings Canyon Unified School District comprises mainly Reedley, California area schools, but also those for the town of Orange Cove and the mountain areas (Dunlap, Miramonte, Squaw Valley, Wonder Valley). The school district was established in 1965. The athletics are mainly for fun until they reach high school where most sports are highly competitive. The KCUSD headquarters is located near Reedley High School.

Wonder Valley, California
Wonder Valley is a sparsely populated unincorporated community in the Morongo Basin of Southern California's High Desert region, straddling Amboy Road and State Route 62 in San Bernardino County, California, United States, approximately 10 miles (16 km) east of the city of Twentynine Palms.
Bag Lady
"Bag Lady" is a song recorded by American singer Erykah Badu for her second studio album Mama's Gun (2000). Written by Badu and Isaac Hayes, the song is about a woman who is trying to begin a new relationship but has too much emotional baggage and can't get close to anyone. The song's message is to "pack light" and have hope for the future. It was released as the lead single from Mama's Gun on August 8, 2000, by Motown Records.

A commercial success, "Bag Lady" peaked at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming Badu's first top-ten hit on the chart, and topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for six weeks. Critically acclaimed, it earned Badu two nominations at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards (2001), for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.

Emotional baggage
Emotional baggage is an idiom that generally refers to unresolved psychological trauma such as stressors, trust issues, fears, paranoia, guilt, regret, despair or grief that are usually detrimental to one's overall mental well-being and social relationships. The unresolved trauma can be rooted in issues such as emotional abuse, childhood trauma or prior stressful events.

As a metaphor, the term refers to one's carrying of the collective emotional load of the past into the present moment.
Tom Reamy
Tom Reamy (January 23, 1935 – November 4, 1977) was an American science fiction and fantasy author, and a key figure in 1960s and 1970s science fiction fandom. He died at age 42 prior to the publication of his first novel; his work is primarily dark fantasy.

Hardcover
A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as casebound) book is one bound with rigid protective covers (typically of binder's board or heavy paperboard covered with buckram or other cloth, heavy paper, or occasionally leather). It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Modern hardcovers may have the pages glued onto the spine in much the same way as paperbacks. Following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation Hbk.
Norðurþing
Norðurþing (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈnɔrðʏrˌθiŋk] ⓘ) is a municipality located in northern Iceland. Norðurþing was formed in 2006 when the municipalities of Húsavík, Öxarfjörður, Raufarhöfn, and Kelduneshreppur were merged after special elections in January 2006 and the region was officially declared a new municipality on 10 June 2006.

The biggest town in the municipality is Húsavík, with a population of 2,307 inhabitants. Other settlements include Kópasker (population 122), Raufarhöfn (population 186), and Skinnastaður.

Húsavík is known as the whale watching capital of Europe   and is centrally located for visitors coming to the area who intend to visit Mývatn, Dettifoss, Goðafoss, or the Vatnajökull National Park.
Kópasker is home to the Earth Quake Center  and a local folk museum.

In Raufarhöfn, an attraction called the Arctic Henge is currently being built and is already attracting visitors.

Goðafoss
Goðafoss (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkɔːðaˌfɔsː] ⓘ) is a waterfall in northern Iceland. It is located along the country's main ring road at the junction with the Sprengisandur highland road, about 45 minutes from Akureyri. The water of the river Skjálfandafljót falls from a height of 12 metres over a width of 30 metres. A 1.8-mile hiking trail loops around the waterfall area.
Joseph Arthur Arkwright
Sir Joseph Arthur Arkwright MA MD MRCS FRCP FRS (22 March 1864 – 22 November 1944) was a medical doctor. He was forced to give up his work due to severe dermatitis. He became a bacteriologist and from 1906 joined the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, first as a voluntary worker, then as assistant bacteriologist from 1908.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons
Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The examination, currently organised on an intercollegiate basis, is required to enter higher surgical training (ST 3+) in one of the Royal colleges. Thus today's MRCS has replaced the former MRCS(Eng), MRCS(Ed), MRCS(Glas), and MRCS(I). (Similarly, the MRCP is also now intercollegiate.)
Robert Bickersteth (MP)
Robert Bickersteth (24 June 1847 – 10 July 1916) was an English administrator and Liberal politician.

Bickersteth was the son of Robert Bickersteth, Bishop of Ripon, and his wife, Elizabeth Garde of Co. Cork. He was educated at Eton, and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford (B.A. 1869). He was an inspector of factories between 1873 and 1880. From 1880 to 1885, he was private secretary to Lord Kimberly who was Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1880 to 1882, and Secretary of State for India from 1882 to 1885.  He was a major in the Middlesex Yeomanry Cavalry.

In the 1885 general election, Bickersteth was elected member of parliament for Newport, Shropshire. He contested Leicester in the 1886 general election as a Liberal Unionist, but lost. He was an unpaid Secretary at India Office from February 1886.

Bickersteth married Lady Lavinia Louisa Bertie daughter of Montagu Bertie, 6th Earl of Abingdon in 1883.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Sam Messam
Samuel Messam (born 2 March 1986) is a New Zealand Association football player who plays for St. George Saints Football Club and has represented New Zealand at the Olympic Games.

Messam was included in the New Zealand squad for the football tournament at the Summer Olympics in Beijing where he played in just one of New Zealand's group matches, a 0–1 loss Belgium.

Messam was signed by New South Wales Premier League Club APIA Leichhardt for the 2011 season.

He is an old boy of Rotorua Boys' High School.

Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
This article lists the team squads of Men's Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Each nation had to submit a squad of 18 players, 15 of which had to be born on or after 1 January 1985, and 3 of which could have been older dispensation players, by 23 July 2008. A minimum of two goalkeepers (plus one optional dispensation goalkeeper) had to be included in the squad.
Saint-André-Avellin
Saint-André-Avellin (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿ɑ̃dʁe avlɛ̃]) is a municipality located within the Papineau Regional County Municipality in the Outaouais region in western Quebec, Canada. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 3,749 people.

The town, located along Quebec route 321, is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Papineauville and Quebec route 148 and Quebec Autoroute 50 and is about an hour away from Downtown Ottawa.

Outaouais
Outaouais (/uːtəweɪ/, French pronunciation: [utawɛ] ⓘ; also commonly called The Outaouais) is an administrative region of western Quebec, Canada. It includes the city of Gatineau, the municipality of Val-des-Monts, the municipality of Cantley and the Papineau region. Geographically, it is located on the north side of the Ottawa River opposite Canada's capital, Ottawa. It has a land area of 30,457.52 square kilometres (11,759.71 sq mi) and its population was 405,158 inhabitants as of 2021.

From 2017 to 2021, the Outaouais has a lower per capita disposable income than the rest of Quebec. It was $32,364 in 2021, compared to $34,180 in Quebec overall. In 2021, the unfavourable margin remained stable at 5.3%.
Hein Frode Hansen
Hein Frode Hansen (born 25 March 1972 in Haugesund) is a Norwegian heavy metal drummer. He was the original vocalist of the power metal band Serpent, formed in 1989. In 1990 he started playing drums in the death metal band Phobia. Both bands broke up in 1991. From 1993-2010 he co-founded and played in Theatre of Tragedy, and with them  released seven studio albums, two live albums and several studio EP's. Hansen has started a new project with Kristian Sigland, called The Black Locust Project.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Dugout (baseball)
In baseball, the dugout is a team's bench and is located in foul territory between home plate and either first or third base. There are two dugouts, one for the home team and one for the visiting team. In general, the dugout is occupied by all players not prescribed to be on the field at that particular time, as well as coaches and other personnel authorized by the league. The players' equipment (gloves, bats, batting helmets, catcher's equipment, etc.) is usually stored in the dugout.

In baseball, the manager, with the help of his assistants, will dictate offensive strategy from the dugout by sending hand signals to the first and third base coaches. To avoid detection, the first and third base coaches will then translate those hand signals into their own set of hand signals and then send them on to the batter and runners.

Baseball bat
A baseball bat is a smooth wooden or metal club used in the sport of baseball to hit the ball after it is thrown by the pitcher. By regulation it may be no more than 2.61 inches (6.6 cm) in diameter at the thickest part and no more than 42 inches (1.067 m) in length. Although historically bats approaching 3 pounds (1.4 kg) or 48 oz were used, modern bats of 33 ounces (0.94 kg) are common, topping out at 34 to 36 ounces (0.96 to 1.02 kg).
Moto Club de São Luís
Moto Club, commonly referred to as Moto, is a Brazilian professional club based in São Luís, Maranhão founded on 13 September 1937. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Maranhense, the top flight of the Maranhão state football league.

Moto Club is currently ranked third among Maranhão teams in CBF's national club ranking, at 74th place overall.

Brazilian football league system
The Brazilian football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for football clubs in Brazil. It consists of several independent pyramids, which are the national pyramid and the states pyramids. As these pyramids are independent, clubs usually compete in a state pyramid and a national pyramid. Both the national pyramid and the states pyramids consist of several levels. The best placed teams in the states championships compete in the Copa do Brasil.
Robert Llewellyn Lyons
Robert Llewellyn Lyons (born January 19, 1948) is a pilot and former political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Regina Rosemont from 1986 to 1995 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member.

He was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert William Lyons and Goldye Patricia Williams, and was educated in Truro, at the Pictou Academy, at Queen's University and at the University of Regina. In 1971, he married Bernice Elaine Nystrom.

Presently voluntary reporter for Left Voice and married since 2016 with Marielos Ugalde Castro with 5 step-children in Costa Rica.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Type 1 37 mm anti-tank gun
The Type 1 37 mm anti-tank gun (一式機動三十七粍速射砲, Isshiki Kidō sanjyūnana-miri sokushahō) was an anti-tank gun developed by the Imperial Japanese Army, and used in combat during World War II. The Type 1 number was designated for the year the gun was accepted, 2601 in the Japanese imperial year calendar, or 1941 in the Gregorian calendar.

Japanese imperial year
The era after the enthronement of Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇即位紀元, Jinmu-tennō sokui kigen), colloquially known as the Japanese imperial year (皇紀, kōki) or "national calendar year" is a unique calendar system in Japan.  It is based on the legendary foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. Kōki emphasizes the long history of Japan and the Imperial dynasty. The Gregorian year 2026 is Kōki 2686.