hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leifsbudir
Leifsbudir (Old Norse: Leifsbuðir) was a settlement mentioned in the Greenland Saga as founded by Leif Eriksson in 1000 or 1001 in Vinland.

Later, 160 Greenlanders, including 16 women, established themselves there under the leadership of Norseman Thorfinn Karlsefni, the first European to come into contact with the local Skrælings, or North American Indigenous peoples. Thorfinn's son, Snorri Thorfinnsson, is believed to have been the first child of European descent to be born in North America outside of Greenland. However, the settlement was a temporary one. The settlers were forced to abandon Leifsbudir due to a lack of trade with natives; they returned to Greenland.

Leifsbudir is believed by some scholars to have been located at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.  Dr. Stuart C. Brown of Memorial University has written "...Dr. lngstad's Procrustean attempt to demonstrate that L'Anse aux Meadows is Leifsbudir is wholly unconvincing..." [Newfoundland Quarterly, Fall, 1988, page 42.]

Thorfinn Karlsefni
Thorfinn Karlsefni Thórdarson was an Icelandic explorer. Around the year 1010, he followed Leif Eriksson's route to Vinland in a short-lived attempt to establish a permanent settlement there with his wife Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir and their followers.
St Mary's Church, Acton Burnell
St Mary's Church is in the village of Acton Burnell, Shropshire, England, and stands near the ruins of Acton Burnell Castle.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Condover, the archdeaconry of Ludlow, and the diocese of Hereford.  Its benefice is united with those of St Andrew and St Mary, Condover, St Mark, Frodesley, and St Michael and All Angels, Pitchford. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

Acton Burnell
Acton Burnell (/æktən bɜːrnəl/) is a village and parish in the English county of Shropshire. Home to Concord College, it is also famous for an early meeting of Parliament where the Statute of Acton Burnell was passed in 1283. The population at the 2011 census was 544.

The village today has a post office and Anglican parish church, as well as a Roman Catholic cemetery.
Putkaqucha
Putkaqucha (Quechua putka muddy (Jauja Quechua), qucha lake, "muddy lake", Hispanicized spelling Putcacocha) is a  5,236-metre-high (17,178 ft) mountain in the Waytapallana mountain range in Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, Concepción Province, Comas District, and in the Huancayo Province, on the border of the districts of El Tambo and Quilcas. Putkaqucha lies southwest of Puywan and northwest of Waytapallana and Ch'uspi.

Huancayo province
Huancayo is a province of Peru. It is one of the 9 provinces comprising the Junín Region. It borders to the north with the province of Concepción, the east with the province of Satipo, the south with the Huancavelica Region and the west with the province of Chupaca. The province has an approximate population of 545,615 inhabitants. The capital of the province is the city of Huancayo.
Lake Vilacota
Lake Vilacota (possibly from Aymara wila red / blood, quta lake, "red lake") is a lake in the region of Tacna, in Peru. More precisely, it belongs to Tarata Province, Susapaya District, along the border with the Santa Rosa District of El Collao Province in the neighboring region of Puno. It has a surface elevation of 4,390 metres (14,403 ft) above sea level and a catchment area of 1,440 square kilometres (556 sq mi).

Yucamane volcano lies west of the lake. To the east of Lake Vilacota there is a smaller lake named Ancocota (possibly Aymara for "white lake"); both lakes being connected by a short river. Moreover, both lakes are the headwaters of Mauri River.

Mauri River
The Mauri River is a river of Bolivia and Peru.  It rises on the frontier between Chile and Bolivia near Charaña and flows east-northeast for about 100 km where it joins the Desaguadero.  In fact the Mauri is much larger than the Desaguadero at this point, but below the confluence the name Desaguadero prevails.
Uttar Bango Tapsili Jati O Adibasi Sangathan
Uttar Bango Tapsili Jati O Adibasi Sangathan  (lit. Northern Bengal Backward Caste and Adivasi Organisation; abbr.UTJAS) was a political movement amongst dalits and adivasis in northern West Bengal, India. UTJAS was led by Jugal Kishore Raybir. The movement worked for regional autonomy of areas in northern Bengal, a position that was in opposition to the West Bengal state government. On January 10, 1987, violence broke out at a UTJAS mass rally in Alipurduar, with clashes with Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) cadres and police. After this event, UTJAS lost its prominence. According to the CSDS scholar Yogendra Yadav, the crack-down on UTJAS contributed to the emergence of the militant Kamtapur Liberation Organization.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Linda Weintraub
Linda Weintraub is an American art writer, educator and curator. She has written several books on   contemporary art.  Her most recent works address environmental consciousness that defines the ways cultures approach art, science, ethics, philosophy, politics, manufacturing, and architecture.

Bard College
Bard College is a private liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, United States. The campus overlooks the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains within the Hudson River Historic District and is a National Historic Landmark.

Founded in 1860, the institution consists of a liberal arts college and a conservatory. The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs. It participates in a network of many affiliated programs internationally.
SS Jean Marie (1922)
Jean Marie was a 964 GRT coaster that was built in 1922 by F Schichau GmbH, Elbing, Germany as Tertia for German owners. A sale in 1925 saw her renamed Hornland. In 1926, a further sale saw her renamed Taube. She was seized by the Allies in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and was renamed Empire Contour. In 1946, she was transferred to Belgium and renamed Jean Marie. She was sold into merchant service, serving until 1951 when she sank after her cargo shifted.

Ministry of War Transport
The Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) was a department of the British Government formed early in the Second World War to control transportation policy and resources. It was formed by merging the Ministry of Shipping and the Ministry of Transport, bringing responsibility for both shipping and land transport to a single department, and easing problems of co-ordination of transport in wartime.

The MoWT was founded on 1 May 1941, when Lord Leathers was appointed Minister of War Transport. Following the general election of July 1945, Alfred Barnes was appointed Minister of War Transport, remaining in the post after the department was renamed the Ministry of Transport in April 1946.
Tailby Meadow
Tailby Meadow is a 4.9 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Desborough in Northamptonshire. It is owned by Kettering Borough Council and managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

Artificial fertilisers have never been used on this hay meadow, and it has not been ploughed for several hundred years. There are fifteen species of grass and diverse wild flowers, including black knapweed, lady's bedstraw and lady's smock, which is a food source for the orange tip butterfly.

The site can be accessed from the leisure centre off The Broadlands.

Borough of Kettering
The Borough of Kettering was a local government district and borough in Northamptonshire, England, from 1974 to 2021. It was named after its main town, Kettering, where the council was based. It bordered onto the district of Harborough in the neighbouring county of Leicestershire, the borough of Corby, the district of East Northamptonshire, the district of Daventry and the borough of Wellingborough.
Andréi Nakov
Andréi Borisov Nakov (Bulgarian: Андрей Борисов Наков; 13 November 1941 – 19 May 2022) was a Bulgarian-born French art historian engaged principally in research on Russian non-objective art, Cubo-futurism, Dada, and Constructivism, where his work as a precursor in these areas gained him an authoritative reputation.

Champ Libre
Champ Libre is a French publisher founded in 1969 by Gérard Lebovici in Paris. The name is taken from a phrase which means "free field" (the way is clear).

In 1984, after the assassination of Gérard Lebovici, Champ Libre changed its name and became Éditions Gérard Lebovici as an hommage. In 1992, it became Éditions Ivrea.

Champ libre has published George Orwell, Mikhail Bakunin and Guy Debord's complete works, among others.
Ed Ross
Michael Edward Ross (October 27, 1965 – July 30, 2016) was an American tintype photographer and lawyer. His photography work spanned 27 years. His last six years were devoted exclusively to wet-plate photography. His focus as an artist was primarily on nude portraits and landscape photography.

Collodion process
The collodion process is an early photographic process for the production of grayscale images. The collodion process – mostly synonymized with the term "wet-plate process", requires the photographic material to be coated, sensitized, exposed, and developed within the span of about fifteen minutes, necessitating a portable darkroom for use in the field. Collodion is normally used in its wet form, but it can also be used in its dry form, at the cost of greatly increased exposure time. The increased exposure time made the dry form unsuitable for the usual portraiture work of most professional photographers of the 19th century. The use of the dry form was mostly confined to landscape photography and other special applications where exposure times sometimes longer than a half hour were tolerable.
Morris Rossabi
Morris Rossabi is an American historian and associate adjunct professor at Columbia University. He specialises in Inner Asian, East Asian, and Chinese history.

Morris Rossabi was born in Alexandria, Egypt. He moved to the United States when he was young and then received his PhD from Columbia University in 1970.

He was a Distinguished Professor of History at Queens College, and is a published author. He received an honorary doctorate from the National University of Mongolia in 2009. In 2011, he also delivered the W. Allyn Rickett-endowed lecture at University of Pennsylvania about Mongol influence on Ming China. He received a Certificate of Merit from the Mongolian Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the Mongolian Embassy to the United Nations in 2021.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Mongolia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia (MOFA; Mongolian: Монгол улсын Гадаад харилцааны яам) is the Mongolian government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Mongolia and the country's foreign policy.
Sandwick, Whalsay
Sandwick is a hamlet, often considered part of the main village of Symbister along with adjacent Harlsdale, in the parish of Nesting in southwestern Whalsay in the Shetland Islands of Scotland. It is located to the south of the main centre of Symbister; Clate lies just to the south. The Holm of Sandwick lies off the coast. The British military established a radar camp in the vicinity during wartime and tanks and sheds built by the military were still in use in 1986. A Catalina bomber crashed in the vicinity in the early part of World War II. The Loch of Sandwick lies to the west of the village. There are burnt mounds in the lake area and caves along the coast here.

Holm of Sandwick
The Holm of Sandwick is an islet, located roughly 100 metres (330 ft) off Haa Ness and the southwestern side of Whalsay, in the Shetland Islands of Scotland. The small groups of islets to the west are called the Flaeshans of Sandwick. To the southwest is Sava Skerry. It is reported that a ship named Griften of unknown nationality was shipwrecked either here or on Rumble Holm in 1611.
195 Church Street
195 Church Street (Formerly the New Haven Savings Bank Tower) is a 270 ft (82 m) tall postmodern skyscraper in Downtown New Haven, Connecticut, US. It was built in 1974 and has 18 floors. At the time of its completion, it was the second tallest building in the city. As of January 2026, it is the fifth tallest building in the city. Notable tenants include KeyBank, Raymond James Financial, and SLR Consulting.

The building has a cafe on the first floor which opened in 2023, which replaced a Starbucks that closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

SLR Consulting
SLR Consulting is a privately owned international sustainability consultancy with offices in Europe, North America, South America, Australasia, and Africa. In 2019, it reported revenues of £150.8 million. Its purpose is ‘Making Sustainability Happen’, which it achieves through its global team of expert advisors and technicians, who partner with clients to tackle some of the world’s most complex sustainability challenges. 
 Its ultimate owner is Solar Holdings Topco Limited.
Palamaon
In Greek mythology, Palamaon (Ancient Greek: Παλαμάων) was the Athenian father of Daedalus, the famous architect of Labyrinth. The latter was attributed to various parentage: (1) Eupalamus and Alcippe, (2) Metion and Iphinoe, (3) Phrasmede or (4) Merope, daughter of King Erechtheus.

Erechtheus
Erechtheus (/ɪˈrɛkθjuːs, -θiəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἐρεχθεύς) in Greek mythology was a king of Athens, the founder of the polis and, in his role as god, attached to Poseidon, as "Poseidon Erechtheus". The name Erichthonius is carried by a son of Erechtheus, but Plutarch conflated the two names in the myth of the begetting of Erechtheus.
Trudy Anderson
Trudy Lee Anderson (born 26 August 1959) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter. She appeared in 2 Test matches and 26 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 1993 and 1997. She played domestic cricket for Auckland, Central Districts and Canterbury.

New Zealand women's national cricket team
The New Zealand women's national cricket team, nicknamed the White Ferns, represents New Zealand in international women's cricket. One of eight teams competing in the ICC Women's Championship (the highest level of international women's cricket), the team is organised by New Zealand Cricket, a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

New Zealand made its Test debut in 1935, against England, becoming the third team to play at that level. With Australia and England, New Zealand is one of only three teams to have participated in all ten editions of the Women's Cricket World Cup. The team has made the final of the tournament on four occasions, winning in 2000 and placing second in in 1993, 1997, and 2009. At the Women's T20 World Cup, New Zealand were champions in 2024 and runners up in 2009 and 2010.
Colette Brettel
Colette Brettel (1902–1973) was a British stage and film actress. Born Dorothy Nicolette Pettigrew in London to the unmarried couple of Hetty Pettigrew and Theodore Roussel, she made her screen debut in the 1920 film Wuthering Heights and appeared in several British films of the early 1920s including The Prodigal Son. Following the Slump of 1924, in which the number of British films released sharply declined, she moved to Germany. She starred in the film The Imaginary Baron (1927) with Marlene Dietrich.: 13   Her film career ended with the introduction of sound.

She was married to the Dutch actor Ernst Winar.

Hetty Pettigrew
Harriet Selina Pettigrew (9 October 1867 – 1953), commonly known as Bessie or Hetty Pettigrew, was a British artists' model and sculptor from Portsmouth. She was one of three sisters, along with Rose and Lily Pettigrew, who achieved prominence as models in the London art world in the late 19th century.
Stalingrad (painting)
Stalingrad is a 1972 oil painting by Danish artist Asger Jorn. It was first developed in 1956, and continued to be added to over the course of two decades before being finalized in 1972. It is conceptually grounded in the futility of war, abstractly depicting the Battle of Stalingrad. Critics have considered it one of Denmark's 20th century artistic masterpieces, and it was subsequently included in the Danish Culture Canon. The canvas, 296 cm × 492 cm (117 in × 194 in), now hangs in Museum Jorn, Silkeborg.

Museum Jorn, Silkeborg
Museum Jorn, Silkeborg, (formerly Silkeborg Kunstmuseum) is an art museum by Gudenåen in Silkeborg, Denmark. The museum holds the collections that were developed by Asger Jorn (1914–1973) from the early 1950s until his death in 1973, since when they have doubled in extent.

Consequently, the museum is not only home to the most comprehensive collection of Jorn’s own works but also holds thousands of paintings, sculptures and works on paper by other artists – members of the CoBrA avant-garde art movement and older international artists who inspired Jorn or were kindred artistic spirits including, among others, Max Ernst, Francis Picabia, Fernand Léger and Man Ray.
AC Sparta Prague (women)
The women's section of AC Sparta Prague is a women's football club from Prague, Czech Republic. Together with their local neighbour Slavia, Sparta dominates the national league having won 21 of the 32 titles while Slavia has won the other eleven. They have taken part in UEFA competitions several times and got their best result in the 2005–06 UEFA Women's Cup when they reached the quarter-finals, losing over two legs to Djurgården.

Ahead of the 2024–25 season, it was announced that Sparta players would be becoming full professionals for the first time.

On 4 October 2025, Sparta Prague signed a memorandum about cooperation with Prague 9 and 18. Sparta would build a new stadium for women's football academy on the grounds of Stadion SK Prosek.

Djurgårdens IF Fotboll (women)
Djurgårdens IF (Swedish: [ˈjʉ̂ːrˌɡoːɖɛns iːɛf];  formerly known as Djurgården/Älvsjö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjʉ̂ːrˌɡoːɖɛn ɛlvɧø]) 2003–2007), commonly known as Djurgården, or (especially locally) Djurgår'n ([ˈjʉ̌ː(r)ɡɔɳ]), is a women's football club from Stockholm, Sweden. The team play their home games at the Stockholm Olympic Stadium and is affiliated to Stockholms Fotbollförbund.
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex 
in the mammalian brain.  The ventral medial prefrontal is located in the frontal lobe at the bottom of the cerebral hemispheres and is implicated in the processing of risk and fear, as it is critical in the regulation of amygdala activity in humans. It also plays a role in the inhibition of emotional responses, and in the process of decision-making and self-control. It is also involved in the cognitive evaluation of morality.

Risk
Risk is the possibility of something bad happening, comprising a level of uncertainty about the effects and implications of an activity, particularly negative and undesirable consequences.

Risk theory, assessment, and management are applied but substantially differ in different practice areas, such as business, economics, environment, finance, information technology, health, insurance, safety, security, and privacy. The international standard for risk management, ISO 31000, provides general guidelines and principles on managing risks faced by organizations.
HMS Cyclops
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Cyclops after the one-eyed Cyclopes of Greek mythology.

HMS Cyclops (1779) was a 28-gun sixth rate launched in 1779. She was used as a troopship from 1800 and was sold in 1814.

HMS Cyclops (1839) was a steam paddle wheel frigate launched in 1839 and sold in 1864.

HMS Cyclops (1871) was a turret ship launched in 1871 and sold in 1903.

HMS Cyclops (F31) was a repair ship, launched in 1905 as the merchant ship Indrabarah. She was used as a fleet storage ship, and then a submarine depot ship. She was scrapped in 1947.

Paddle wheel
A paddle wheel is a form of waterwheel or impeller in which a number of paddles are set around the periphery of the wheel.  It has several uses, of which some are:

Very low-lift water pumping, such as flooding paddy fields at no more than about 0.5 m (20 in) height above the water source.

To move and mix algae culture in the raceway ponds used for algaculture.

Propulsion of watercraft (as a paddlewheel)

Low head hydro power (as a waterwheel)

Flow sensors

Aerators

The paddle wheel is an ancient invention but is still used today in a wide range of industrial and agriculture applications.
Neomorphidae
In biological classification, Neomorphidae is a proposed family of birds, separating the ground cuckoos (including roadrunners) from the rest of the cuckoo family. It is traditionally nested within the family Cuculidae as the subfamily Neomorphinae.

Roadrunner
The roadrunners (genus Geococcyx), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States, Mexico and Central America, usually in the desert. Although capable of flight, roadrunners generally run away from predators. On the ground, some have been measured at 32 km/h (20 mph).
Bertya virgata
Bertya virgata is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a dioecious shrub with many branches, sessile, oblong leaves, and sessile flowers borne singly in leaf axils.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Thana Nirbahi Officer
Thana Nirbahi Officer (TNO) (Bengali: থানা নির্বাহী অফিসার, literally: Police Station Executive Officer) was a Bangladeshi interim administrative post. TNOs were drawn from members of the administrative cadre of Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS). The TNO system was abolished in 2009 after the Awami League returned to power and the previous upazila system returned.

Literally
Literally is an English adverb meaning "in a literal sense or manner" or an intensifier which strengthens the associated statement. It has been used as an intensifier in English for several centuries, though recently this has been considered somewhat controversial by linguistic prescriptivists. The use of 'literally' as an intensifier is recognized as valid by most dictionaries of English and has been used by authors such as Mark Twain and James Joyce.