hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stuart Murray
Stuart Murray OM (born November 24, 1954) is a former politician from Manitoba, Canada. He served as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba and leader of the opposition in the Manitoba legislature from 2000 to 2006. From 2006 until 2009, Murray was the President and Chief Executive Officer of the St. Boniface Hospital Research Foundation. He subsequently served as director and chief executive officer of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights from 2009 to 2014.

Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)
The Leader of the Opposition (French: Chef de l'Opposition) in Manitoba is the Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba who leads the party recognized as the Official Opposition. This status generally goes to the leader of the second largest party in the Legislative Assembly.

William Alexander Macdonald was the first officially recognized Leader of the Opposition in Manitoba, although Rodmond Roblin is considered to have been the de facto opposition leader from 1890 until he lost his seat in the 1892 provincial election.

As of 26 April 2025, the Leader of the Opposition of Manitoba has been Obby Khan, the head of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba.
University of Otago School of Medicine
The University of Otago maintains three schools of medicine. The term "University of Otago School of Medicine" would normally refer to the medical school at its main campus:

University of Otago Dunedin School of Medicine

It may, however, also refer to either of the university's other two medical campuses:

University of Otago Christchurch School of Medicine

University of Otago Wellington School of Medicine

University of Otago Dunedin School of Medicine
The Dunedin School of Medicine is the name of the School of Medicine that is based on the Dunedin campus of the University of Otago in New Zealand.  
Students who gain entry after the competitive Health Sciences First Year program or who gain graduate entry spend their second and third years (ELM; Early Learning in Medicine) studying at the Otago Medical School in Dunedin. In their fourth, fifth, and sixth years (ALM; Advanced Learning in Medicine), students can either study at the Dunedin School of Medicine (Dunedin), the University of Otago, Christchurch, or the University of Otago, Wellington.
Kyiv Regiment (Cossack Hetmanate)
Kyiv Regiment (Ukrainian: Київський полк) served as one of the ten regiments of the Cossack Hetmanate during the 17th and 18th centuries.

The regiment was founded during the Khmelnytsky Uprising and was initially commanded by Mykhailo Krychevsky (died 1649) along with Chornobyl and Ovruch regiments . Its formation was officially conformed by the Treaty of Zboriv.

During the 18th century most of the regiment's territory was located in Left-bank Ukraine, and its administrative centre was moved to Kozelets.

Left-bank Ukraine
The Left-bank Ukraine is a historic region in north-central and central Ukraine. It is located on the left (east) bank of the Dnieper River, comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv and Poltava. as well as the eastern parts of Kyiv and Cherkasy, and the western part of Sumy.

Left-bank Ukraine is bordered by the historical regions of Right-bank Ukraine to the southwest, Zaporizhzhia to the southeast, Sloboda Ukraine to the east, and Polesia and White Ruthenia to the north.

Largest cities are Kyiv (eastern part), Chernihiv, Poltava and Kremenchuk.
Histiophryne maggiewalker
Histiophryne maggiewalker, known as the Queensland frogfish, is a species of fish in the family Antennariidae. It is known only from Australia, where it occurs in shallow inshore waters at a depth range of 7 to 12 m (23 to 39 ft). Males of the species reach 5.5 cm (2.2 inches) SL (standard length), whereas females are slightly larger at up to 6 cm (2.3 inches) SL. The species was described in 2011 by Rachel Arnold and Theodore Pietsch from six specimens collected in shallow waters off Queensland, and it is named for Maggie Walker, for her service and dedication to science and education at the University of Washington and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture.

Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
The Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture (commonly as Burke Museum) is the natural history museum of the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. It is administered by the Arts Division of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Washington.

Established in 1899 as the Washington State Museum, the museum traces its origins to a high school naturalist club formed in 1879. The museum is the oldest in Washington state and boasts a collection of more than 16 million artifacts, including the world's largest collection of spread bird wings. The Burke Museum is the official state museum of Washington.
Cryptogam Ridge
Cryptogam Ridge (60°43′S 45°40′W﻿ / ﻿60.717°S 45.667°W﻿ / -60.717; -45.667) is an east–west ridge lying south of Cummings Cove in Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. The north-facing slope of the ridge supports a diversity of lichens and mosses, collectively referred to as cryptogams (spore-producing plants). It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1991.

Cryptogam
A cryptogam (scientific name Cryptogamae) is a plant, in the broad sense of the word, or a plant-like organism that shares similar characteristics, such as being multicellular, photosynthetic, and primarily immobile, that reproduces via spores rather than through flowers or seeds.

This broader definition can include algae, fungi, and certain bacteria (like cyanobacteria), even though they may belong to different biological kingdoms.
Criticism of suburbia
Mainstream criticism of suburbia emerged during the housing boom of the 1950s, reflecting concerns about the culture of aspirational homeownership and its societal impacts. Critiques of modern suburbs date back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with early urban planners and social theorists questioning the development of suburbia. The discourse is particularly focused in the English-speaking world and the Anglosphere, being prevalent both in popular culture and academia.

Anglosphere
The Anglosphere, also known as the Anglo-American world, is a sphere of influence among Anglophone countries. The core group of this sphere of influence comprises five developed countries that maintain close social, cultural, political, economic, and military ties with each other: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Anglosphere countries are generally aligned with each other on global issues and collaborate extensively in matters of security, as exemplified by alliances like Five Eyes. The core countries of the Anglosphere are either NATO members or designated by the United States as major non-NATO allies.
Angela Nagle
Angela Nagle (born 1984) is an Irish academic and non-fiction writer who has written for The Baffler, Jacobin, and others. She is the author of the book Kill All Normies, published by Zero Books in 2017, which discusses the role of the internet in the rise of the alt-right and incel movements. Nagle describes the alt-right as a dangerous movement but also criticizes aspects of the left that she says have contributed to the alt-right's rise. Since 2021, she has been publishing articles on a wide range of personal, political and cultural topics via the online publishing platform Substack.

The Baffler
The Baffler is an American magazine of cultural, political, and business analysis.  Established in 1988 by editors Thomas Frank and Keith White, it was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, until 2010, when it moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts.  In 2016, it moved its headquarters to New York City. The first incarnation of The Baffler had up to 12,000 subscribers.

As of 2016, the magazine and its collections of essays were distributed through bookstores in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Jamaican Free Zones
The Jamaican Free Zones are a government free trade zone initiative in Jamaica. Designed to encourage foreign investment and international trade, businesses operating within these zones have no tax on their profits, and are exempted from customs duties on imports and exports (capital goods, raw materials, construction materials, and office equipment) and import licensing requirements. They must export 85 percent of their products outside the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).

Office supplies
Office supplies are consumables and equipment regularly used in offices by businesses and other organizations, required to sustain office operations. For example, office supplies may be used by individuals engaged in written communications, record-keeping and bookkeeping. The range of items classified as office supplies varies, and typically includes small, expendable, daily use items, and consumable products.
Lacalle
Lacalle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfi Conteh-Lacalle (born 1985), Spanish–Sierra Leonean footballer

Andrés García La Calle (1909–1980), squadron leader of the 1st fighter squadron of the Spanish Republic and later Commander of all the fighter units of the Spanish Republican Air Force

Borja Lacalle (born 2001), Spanish field hockey player

Daniel Lacalle (born 1967), Spanish economist

Fernando Sáenz Lacalle (born 1932), the tenth Bishop and sixth Archbishop of San Salvador, El Salvador

Javier Lacalle (born 1969, Spanish politician

Javier Zurbano Lacalle (born 1980), Spanish former footballer

Joseph LaCalle (1860–1937), clarinettist, composer, conductor and music critic

Luis Alberto Lacalle (born 1941), Uruguayan lawyer and politician who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995

Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou (born 1973), Uruguayan lawyer and politician, current President of Uruguay since March 2020

Daniel Lacalle
Daniel Lacalle Fernández (born 5 August 1967) is a Spanish economist. He works as an investment manager and as a professor of global economics. He is the author of several economics books as well as being a columnist and contributor to various print and digital publications. Ideologically, he is usually defined as a conservative liberal, close to but not affiliated with the Partido Popular, the party with which he ran in the Spanish general elections of April 2019. He resides in London.
Loxodonta atlantica
Loxodonta atlantica is an extinct African species of elephant in the genus Loxodonta (which includes living African elephants). It was larger than modern African elephants, with more progressive dentition. It includes Pleistocene fossils from Ternifine, Algeria, Middle Pleistocene fossils from Elandsfontein, South Africa and Late Pliocene fossils from the Omo River, Ethiopia. It is suggested to have an extinction date of around 400,000 years ago, during the Middle Pleistocene. L. atlantica has been suggested to have probably derived from L. adaurora; or L. exoptata. It is likely ancestral to the living African bush elephant, L. africana, with which it coexisted during the Middle Pleistocene prior to its extinction. The species is divided into two subspecies: L. atlantica atlantica (northern Africa) and L. atlantica zulu (southern Africa). The type for Loxodonta atlantica is housed in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, but is listed without a specimen number.

Hopefield, South Africa
Hopefield is a settlement in West Coast District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa on the R45 between Malmesbury and Vredenburg. The town lies east of Saldanha Bay and Langebaan, 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Vredenburg and 120 km (75 mi) north of Cape Town.
Dennis Stanford
Dennis J. Stanford (13 May 1943 in Cherokee, Iowa – 24 April 2019) was an archaeologist and Director of the Paleoindian/Paleoecology Program at the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution.

Along with Professor Bruce Bradley, Stanford was known for investigating the Solutrean hypothesis, which contends that stone tool technology of the Solutrean culture in prehistoric northern Spain and Portugal may have influenced the development of later Clovis tool-making culture in the Americas by way of an earlier trans-atlantic maritime travel along a sea ice shelf to North America during the Last Glacial Maximum. In 2012, they published details concerning their hypothesis in Across Atlantic Ice: The Origin of America's Clovis Culture.

Paleoecology
Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales. As a discipline, paleoecology interacts with, depends on and informs a variety of fields including paleontology, ecology, climatology and biology.

Paleoecology emerged from the field of paleontology in the 1950s, though paleontologists have conducted paleoecological studies since the creation of paleontology in the 1700s and 1800s. Combining the investigative approach of searching for fossils with the theoretical approach of Charles Darwin and Alexander von Humboldt, paleoecology began as paleontologists began examining both the ancient organisms they discovered and the reconstructed environments in which they lived. Visual depictions of past marine and terrestrial communities have been considered an early form of paleoecology. The term "paleo-ecology" was coined by Frederic Clements in 1916.
Sirkus Eliassen
Sirkus Eliassen is a Norwegian band consisting of brothers Magnus Eliassen and Erik Eliassen. The duo was formed in 2011 releasing its single "Hjem til dæ" that achieved high rotation on Norwegian radio and became a hit on VG-lista, the official Norwegian Singles Chart.

In November 2011 they released their second single «Opp ned bak frem», followed by «Æ vil bare dans» in February 2012 and «Før du går» in June the same year. Sirkus Eliassen's seven singles has achieved 43 x platinum in Norway. All seven singles have been playlisted on national radio in Norway.

Their biggest hit, «Æ vil bare dans», was the most streamed, Norwegian song on both Spotify and WiMP in 2012. The song also achieved the Spellemannprisen for "Hit of the year 2012" the same year. The duo have performed «Æ vil bare dans» at over ten national TV shows in Norway.

In February 2013, Sirkus Eliassen took part in the Melodi Grand Prix performing the song "I Love You Te Quiero".

Spellemannprisen
Spellemannprisen is a Norwegian music award ceremony presented by IFPI Norge and FONO. It was first awarded in 1973 for the recording year 1972, and has been awarded every year since. It is the most significant award that a group or artist can receive in Norwegian music. The award ceremony is organized by the Spellemann Committee, which is appointed by IFPI Norge and FONO.

The annual ceremony features performances by prominent artists. The awards are presented in a widely viewed broadcast ceremony. The awards are the Norwegian equivalent to the Grammy Awards for music, and it is one of the major awards in Norway along with the Gullruten for television, Amandaprisen for motion pictures, and Heddaprisen for stage performances.
Little Computer People
Little Computer People, also called House-on-a-Disk, is a social simulation game released in 1985 by Activision for the Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST and Apple II. An Amiga version was released in 1987. Two Japanese versions were also released in 1987: a Family Computer Disk System version published by Disk Original Group, a subsidiary of Square; and a PC-8801 version.

Retro Gamer
Retro Gamer is a British magazine, published worldwide, covering retro video games. It was the first commercial magazine to be devoted entirely to the subject. Launched in January 2004 as a quarterly publication, Retro Gamer soon became a monthly. In 2005, a general decline in gaming and computer magazine readership led to the closure of its publishers, Live Publishing, and the rights to the magazine were later purchased by Imagine Publishing. It was taken over by Future plc on 21 October 2016, following Future's acquisition of Imagine Publishing.
Mewata Stadium
Mewata Stadium (/məˈwɑːtə/ mə-WAH-tə) was a multi-purpose stadium in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It was the home stadium of the Calgary Stampeders, both before and after the formation of the Canadian Football League in 1958, until they moved to McMahon Stadium for the 1960 season, where the team still plays.

The land for Mewata Park was a gift from the Government of Canada.  The Mewata Stadium opened in 1906, and by 1919 (if not earlier) had bleachers with a seating capacity of 10,000.

The stadium was closed and demolished in 1999 and replaced with Shaw Millennium Park, including a greenspace and skateboard park.

Skatepark
A skatepark, or skate park, is a specially designed recreational space for activities such as skateboarding, BMX, scootering, WCMX (wheelchair motocross) and aggressive inline skating. A skatepark may contain half-pipes, handrails, funboxes, vert ramps, stairsets, quarter pipes, ledges, spine transfers, pyramids, banked ramps, full pipes, pools, bowls, snake runs, and any number of other objects.
2020 Premios Juventud
The 2020 Premios Juventud ceremony was held on August 13, 2020. Univision broadcast the show live from the Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood in Hollywood, Florida. Premios Juventud aims to inspire, motivate and empower Latino youth to become leaders for change. The awards celebrate the current trends in pop culture, music, digital, fashion, television and social media. Sebastián Yatra, Ana Patricia Gámez, Francisca Lachapel, Julissa Calderon and Borja Voces hosted the event.

Lunay (singer)
Jefnier Osorio Moreno (born October 4, 2000), known professionally as Lunay, is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter. He rose to fame in the Latin urban scene with the songs "Soltera", "No Te Quieren Conmigo", "La Cama", "A Solas" and "Aventura".  On October 25, 2019, he released his debut album Épico.
Walter B. Sommerville
Walter Byers Sommerville (October 7, 1854 – October 13, 1924) was a justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court from March 18, 1911, to October 13, 1921.

Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Sommerville was a law clerk for Louisiana Attorneys General H.N. Ogden and James C. Egan. He was an Assistant City Attorney for New Orleans, and Judge of the Orleans Parish Civil District Court from 1900 to 1911. On March 7, 1911, Sommerville was elected to the Louisiana Supreme Court unopposed, as the Democratic Party discouraged any opposition within the party, and no other party had a chance of winning the seat.

Louisiana Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Louisiana (French: Cour suprême de Louisiane; Spanish: Corte Suprema de Luisiana) is the highest court and court of last resort in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The modern Supreme Court, composed of seven justices, meets in the French Quarter of New Orleans.

The Supreme Court, and Louisiana state law, are historically based in the colonial governments of France and Spain during the 18th century. The current Supreme Court traces its roots back to these beginnings.
Wakeman (surname)
Wakeman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Wakeman (born 1974), musician, son of Rick Wakeman

Alan Wakeman (born 1947), musician

Alan Wakeman (author) (1936-2015), British author and gay rights activist

Frederic Wakeman (1937-2006), American historian

Frederic Wakeman, Sr., (1908-1998), American novelist

Sir George Wakeman (died 1688), English doctor, royal physician to Catherine of Braganza

John Wakeman (died 1549),  English Benedictine, the last Abbot of Tewkesbury and first Bishop of Gloucester

Oliver Wakeman (born 1972), musician, son of Rick Wakeman

Rick Wakeman (born 1949), musician

Rodney Wakeman (born 1966), American politician

Shannon Wakeman (born 1990), International rugby player

Wowinape, Thomas Wakeman (1846 – 1886), organizaed the first Oceti Sakowin YMCA

William Frederick Wakeman (1822 – 1900), Irish archaeologist

Fictional characters:

Jenny Wakeman, female robot from animated series My Life as a Teenage Robot

Shannon Wakeman
Shannon Wakeman (born 15 February 1990), also known by the nickname of TS Wakeman, is an Italy international rugby league footballer who last contracted to the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League. He plays as a prop.
Yohannes Gugarats
Yohannes Gugarats (Armenian: Յոհաննես Գուգարաց) was an Armenian military leader in early 18th century. He was one of the companions of Davit Bek moving to Syunik from the northern Armenian region of Gugark circa 1722. According to Ghukas Sebastatsi's History of Kapan, Gugarats commanded a 6,500 strong detachment of Gugark Armenians in the (ultimately unsuccessful) siege of the Vorotnaberd castle, considered impregnable. He later rescued David Bek's treasury and liberated the Armenian hostages taken by the Turks in Shnher town. He settled in the town of Meghri.

Gugark
Gugark (Armenian: Գուգարք, Latin: Gogarene, Ancient Greek: Γογαρινή) was the 13th province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia. It now comprises parts of northern Armenia, northeast Turkey, and southwest Georgia.
Reformation Church
The Reformation Church is a Lutheran church that was constructed in Moabit, a neighborhood of Berlin, Germany, between 1905 and 1907. The church's steeple, originally topped by a steep spire, was damaged during the Bombing of Berlin in World War II and replaced by a simple and much shorter spire. It is a listed building and a prominent landmark in western Moabit, the so-called Beusselkiez. Since 2011, it has been used by the Konvent an der Reformationskirche.

Bombing of Berlin in World War II
Berlin, the capital of Germany, was subject to 363 air raids during the Second World War. It was bombed by the RAF Bomber Command between 1940 and 1945, the United States Army Air Forces' Eighth Air Force between 1943 and 1945, and the French Air Force in 1940 and between 1944 and 1945 as part of the Allied campaign of strategic bombing of Germany. It was also attacked by aircraft of the Red Air Force in 1941 and particularly in 1945, as Soviet forces closed on the city. British bombers dropped 45,517 tons of bombs, while American aircraft dropped 22,090.3 tons. As the bombings continued, more and more people fled the city. By May 1945, 1.7 million people (40% of the population) had fled.
CONADI
The  National Corporation for Indigenous Development, or Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indígena (CONADI) in Spanish,  is a Chilean institution founded on September 28, 1993, by the "Ley Indigena 19253" ("Indigenous Law").

CONADI's main goal is to promote, coordinate and execute the state's work to support the development of the indigenous peoples of Chile.

CONADI is overseen by the Social Development Ministry or "es:Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de Chile". Its headquarters are located in the city of Temuco and it has two subdivisions: Temuco, covering the Bío Bío, Araucanía, Los Lagos and Los Ríos regions, and Iquique, covering the Tarapacá, Antofagasta and Arica y Parinacota regions.

Tarapacá Region
The Tarapacá Region (Spanish: Región de Tarapacá, pronounced [taɾapaˈka]) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Iquique and Tamarugal. It borders the Chilean Arica y Parinacota Region to the north, Bolivia's Oruro Department and Potosí Department on the east, Chile's Antofagasta Region to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The port city of Iquique is the region's capital.

Much of the region was once part of Peru, having been annexed by Chile under the 1883 Treaty of Ancón at the close of the War of the Pacific. The region was important economically as a site of intense saltpeter mining, before synthetic nitrate manufacturing became possible.  A number of abandoned mining towns can still be found in the region.

The present day Tarapacá Region was created in 2007 by subdividing the former Tarapacá Region under Law No. 20,175, which was signed by President Michelle Bachelet in Arica.