hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Medical Challenge Bowl
The National Medical Challenge Bowl is a competition coordinated by Max Yakimov from the Student Academy of the American Academy of Physician Assistants.

The competition is held during the AAPA's Annual PA Conference and the event is organized in a medical quiz bowl-style. Forty-eight teams, with three PA students to a team, compete to answer medical-related questions.  Questions are asked on a variety of subjects including physical diagnosis, microbiology, anatomy, OB/GYN, pulmonary, cardiology, primary care, emergency medicine, and surgery.   Only AAPA student members currently enrolled in an accredited Physician Assistant program which has a registered student society are eligible to participate.

Primary care
Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically, this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates any additional care the patient may require. Patients commonly receive primary care from professionals such as a primary care physician (general practitioner or family physician), a physician assistant, a physical therapist, or a nurse practitioner. In some localities, such a professional may be a registered nurse, a pharmacist, a clinical officer (as in parts of Africa), or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine professional (as in parts of Asia). Depending on the nature of the health condition, patients may then be referred for secondary or tertiary care.
Flag of Chuvashia
The flag of Chuvashia, a republic of the Russian Federation, is one of the official symbols of the Chuvashia, alongside the coat of arms and the state anthem. The flag is a 5:8 yellow flag with a stylized red tree of life charged on the flag. The flag has been used officially as the flag of the Chuvash Republic since 14 October 1992.

Prior to 1992, the Chuvash Republic existed as the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Prior to 1937, Chuvash ASSR used a flag with traditional motifs of Chuvashia and the name of the ASSR. The motifs was deleted later in 1931 due to the Communist
Party taking the position that traditional motifs were associated with chauvinism and bourgeois nationalism. After 1937, the flag of the Chuvash ASSR was identical to the flag of the Russian SFSR.

Chauvinism
Chauvinism (/ˈʃoʊvɪnɪzəm/ SHOH-vih-nih-zəm) is the unreasonable belief in the superiority or dominance of one's own group or people, who are seen as strong and virtuous, while others are considered weak, unworthy, or inferior. The Encyclopaedia Britannica describes it as a form of "excessive and unreasonable" patriotism and nationalism, a fervent faith in national excellence and glory.

In American English, since the 1940s, the word has increasingly been used as a shorthand for male chauvinism, a trend reflected in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary, which, as of 2018, began its first example of use of the term chauvinism with "an attitude of superiority toward members of the opposite sex".
Leftfoot
Leftfoot is a musical event. It started life in Birmingham's Medicine Bar and the Bulls Head Public House in the suburb of Moseley in the late 1990s.

Primarily an acid jazz night, many other major music styles such as hip hop, funk and dub are included.

The residents and organisers are DJ Dick (originally from the Rum Runner nightclub and Rockers Hi-Fi) and Adam Regan.

Leftfoot has featured on BBC Radio 1 several times and at other events such as the Cheltenham International Jazz Festival.

Acts that have performed for Leftfoot include Gilles Peterson, Mr Scruff, DJ Patife, Cleveland Watkiss, Keb Darge, Roots Manuva, Bonobo and Ninja Tune records.

Gilles Peterson
Gilles Jérôme Moehrle MBE (French pronunciation: [ʒil ʒeʁom muʁl]; born 28 September 1964), better known as Gilles Peterson (/dʒaɪlz/), is a broadcaster, DJ, record label and festival owner. He is renowned for his genre-defying approach to music with jazz at its core. From this base he has systematically championed a whole range of music from across the globe moving from dance music to experimental and all points in-between.
Jonathan Fairbanks
Jonathan Fairbanks (1594 – December 5, 1668) was an English colonist born in Heptonstall, Halifax, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He immigrated to New England in 1633. Around 1641, Fairbanks built the Fairbanks House in Dedham, Massachusetts, which is today the oldest surviving wood-framed house in North America.

Heptonstall
Heptonstall is a small village and civil parish within the Calderdale borough of West Yorkshire, England, historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The population of Heptonstall, including the hamlets of Colden and Slack, is 1,448, increasing to 1,470 at the 2011 Census.   The town of Hebden Bridge lies directly to the south-east.  Although Heptonstall is part of Hebden Bridge as a post town, it is not within the Hebden Royd town boundaries.

The village is on the route of the Calderdale Way, a 50-mile (80 km) circular walk around the hills and valleys of Calderdale.
Nikon 1 series
The Nikon 1 series is a line of mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras from Nikon, originally announced on 21 September 2011. The cameras utilized Nikon 1-mount lenses, and featured 1" CX format sensors. The FT-1 adapter was available, which allowed Nikon 1 users to mount nearly all Nikon F-mount lenses, with significant limitations on non-autofocus lenses and autofocus lenses without an internal focusing motor.

Nikon discontinued the Nikon 1 series in July 2018 and launched the mirrorless -series cameras later that year, using full-frame sensors and a new Nikon Z-mount line of lenses. The Nikon Z7 and Nikon Z6 were the first two models. As of 2024, the Nikon Z-series also has largely replaced Nikon's D-series DSLRs with APS-C and full-frame sensors.

Nikon Z-mount
Nikon Z-mount (stylised as ) is an interchangeable lens mount developed by Nikon for its mirrorless digital cameras. It was first used in 2018.

The 55 mm throat diameter of the Nikon Z-mount makes it the largest full-frame lens mount. It is much larger than the older Nikon F-mount (44 mm) and than the E-mount (46.1 mm) used by Sony mirrorless cameras but only slightly larger than the 54 mm of both the Canon EF and RF mounts. It is also slightly larger than the 51.6 mm diameter full-frame mirrorless Leica L-Mount. The Z-mount has also a very short flange distance of 16 mm, which is shorter than all mentioned lens mounts. This flange distance, along with the large throat diameter, allows for numerous lenses of nearly all other current and previous mounts to be used with an appropriate lens mount adapter on a Z-mount camera (see Autofocus/electronic adapters for a list of mounts and adapters).
Until the Last of Me
Until the Last of Me is a 2022 science fiction alternate history novel by Canadian writer Sylvain Neuvel. It was first published in March 2022 in the United States by Tor Books, and in the United Kingdom by Michael Joseph. The book is the second of three books in Neuvel's Take Them to the Stars series, preceded by A History of What Comes Next (2021) and followed by For the First Time, Again (2023).

Until the Last of Me is set between the late-1960s and the late-1980s during the Cold War. It is about a group of women who continue to manipulate history to get humanity into space The novel's chapter titles are titles of songs from the period in which the chapters take place.

Reactor (magazine)
Reactor, formerly Tor.com, is an online science fiction and fantasy magazine published by Tor Books, a division of Macmillan Publishers. The magazine publishes articles, reviews, original short fiction, re-reads and commentary on speculative fiction. Unlike traditional print magazines such as Asimov's or Analog, it releases online fiction that can be read free of charge.

Reactor was founded (as Tor.com) in July 2008 and renamed Reactor on January 23, 2024.
Experimental Physiology
Experimental Physiology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The Physiological Society. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2020 impact factor is 2.969  It covers all areas of physiology, especially work that deals with both physiological and pathophysiological questions that investigate gene/protein function using molecular, cellular, and whole-animal approaches. All articles become freely accessible 12 months after publication. The editor-in-chief is Damian Bailey.

The journal publishes themed special issues. An annual prize is awarded to an early-career scientist who authors the best eligible paper in the journal.

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Cuboctahedron
A cuboctahedron, rectified cube, or rectified octahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with 2 triangles and 2 squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square. As such, it is a quasiregular polyhedron, i.e., an Archimedean solid that is not only vertex-transitive but also edge-transitive. It is radially equilateral. Its dual polyhedron is the rhombic dodecahedron.

Edge (geometry)
In geometry, an edge is a particular type of line segment joining two vertices in a polygon, polyhedron, or higher-dimensional polytope. In a polygon, an edge is a line segment on the boundary, and is often called a polygon side. In a polyhedron or more generally a polytope, an edge is a line segment where two faces (or polyhedron sides) meet. A segment joining two vertices while passing through the interior or exterior is not an edge but instead is called a diagonal.

An edge may also be an infinite line separating two half-planes.
The sides of a plane angle are semi-infinite half-lines (or rays).
A2 motorway (Tunisia)
The A2 Motorway is a major highway project currently under construction in Tunisia. Upon completion, it will connect the capital, Tunis, to Gafsa, with an additional branch extending to Kasserine.

In its initial phase, the motorway is planned to span 186 kilometers, linking Tunis to the town of Jilma, located approximately 50 kilometers northwest of Sidi Bouzid. On December 6, 2022, Tunisian President Kaïs Saïed officially inaugurated the construction of this first segment.

Sidi Bouzid
Sidi Bouzid (Arabic: سيدي بوزيد Sīdi Bu Zīdⓘ), sometimes called  Sidi Bou Zid or Sīdī Bū Zayd, is a city in Tunisia and is the capital of Sidi Bouzid Governorate in the centre of the country.  Following the suicide of Mohamed Bouazizi in Sidi Bouzid, it was the site of the first clashes of the Tunisian Revolution and a catalyst for other protests in the region, often known as the Arab Spring.
Costapex martinorum
Costapex martinorum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters. The species was identified by Walter Oliver Cernohorsky in 1986, based on a specimen in the Auckland War Memorial Museum collected from off the coast of Cuaming Island in the Philippines.

Walter Oliver Cernohorsky
Walter Oliver Cernohorsky (30 June 1927 – 23 September 2014), often referred to as W. O. Cernohorsky, was a Czech malacologist based in New Zealand. Cernohorsky developed an interest in malacology while working as the chief surveyor at the Emperor Gold Mine at Vatukoula, Fiji, publishing scholarly papers on molluscs from 1964. From 1969 to 1988, Cernohorsky worked as the malacologist for Auckland War Memorial Museum.

Cernohorsky became a leading authority on the mollusc families Mitridae, Nassariidae, Terebridae and Costellariidae, and described over 70 species, as well as the genera Dibaphimitra, Domiporta and Neocancilla.
Yohoia
Yohoia is an extinct genus of fossil megacheiran arthropod from the Cambrian period. The type species, Yohoia tenuis, has been found in the Burgess Shale formation of British Columbia. 711 specimens of Yohoia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 1.35% of the community. In 2015, Conway Morris et al. reported another species, Y. utahana, from the Marjum Formation, Utah.

Simon Conway Morris
Simon Conway Morris FRS (born 1951) is an English palaeontologist, evolutionary biologist, and astrobiologist known for his study of the fossils of the Burgess Shale and the Cambrian explosion. The results of these discoveries were celebrated in Stephen Jay Gould's 1989 book Wonderful Life. Conway Morris's own book on the subject, The Crucible of Creation (1998), however, is critical of Gould's presentation and interpretation.

Conway Morris, a Christian, holds to theistic views of biological evolution. He has held the Chair of Evolutionary Palaeobiology in the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge since 1995.
Trevor Lawrence (musician)
Trevor Lawrence is an American saxophonist (baritone and tenor saxes), composer, arranger and record producer.

As a session musician, Lawrence has performed both as a studio musician and as a touring musician in the horn sections for groups including the Rolling Stones –  with Steve Madaio and Bobby Keys –  and with the Paul Butterfield Blues Band –  along with Madaio, David Sanborn and Gene Dinwiddie –  that performed at the Woodstock music festival in 1969.

As an arranger, Lawrence collaborated on Etta James' 1973 album Etta James and on the Pointer Sisters' 1982 So Excited! album, which he also co-produced.

Horn section
A horn section is a group of musicians playing horns.  In an orchestra or concert band, it refers to the musicians who play the "French" horn, and in a British-style brass band it is the tenor horn players. In many popular music genres, the term is applied loosely to any group of woodwind or brass instruments, or a combination of woodwinds and brass.
Councils of Split
There have been several church councils held in the town of Split in the early Middle Ages, and whose conclusions have significance for the whole territory of the early Croatian Kingdom.

Since the 920's the Byzantine Empire had become considerably weakened in the region, so  Emperor Romanos I gave management over Dalmatia to the Croatian King Tomislav who needed it in order to connect the church authorities in Croatia and Dalmatia so he could easily integrate Dalmatia into his Kingdom. This transfer of power is attested by the fact that the Byzantine governor of Dalmatia wasn't listed as one of the participants on the official council documents.

Romanos I Lekapenos
Romanos I Lakapenos or Lekapenos (Greek: Ῥωμανός Λακαπηνός or Λεκαπηνός, romanized: Rōmanos Lakapēnos or Lekapēnos; c. 870 – 15 June 948), Latinized as Romanus I Lacapenus or Romanus I Lecapenus, was Byzantine emperor from 920 until his deposition in 944, serving as regent for and senior co-ruler of the young Constantine VII.
2019–20 Serie C
The 2019–20 Serie C was the 61st season of the Serie C, the third tier of the Italian football league system, organized by the Lega Pro. The season was scheduled to run from 24 August 2019 to 26 April 2020, however, on 9 March 2020, the Italian government halted the league until 3 April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Serie C did not resume play on this date. On 18 May, it was announced that Italian football would be suspended until 14 June.

On 8 June, the Italian Football Federation formally declared Monza, Vicenza, and Reggina as champions of their respective groups, thus awarding them promotion to Serie B, while also confirming the promotion and relegations playoff will take place as planned, based on the league standings by the time of the regular season suspension.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Moose Deer Point First Nation
Moose Deer Point First Nation is a Potawatomi First Nation in the District Municipality of Muskoka, Ontario. It has a reserve called Moose Point 79. The reserve is located along Twelve Mile Bay.

The First nation is a member of the Anishinabek Nation organization.

Members of Moose Deer Point are descended from settlers from the American Midwest who arrived in Southern Ontario (Beausoleil Island on Georgian Bay) in the 1830s and later arrived in the area. The reserve was surveyed in 1917.

Beausoleil Island
Beausoleil Island; Île Beausoleil; is an 8-kilometre (5.0 mi) long island in the municipality of Georgian Bay, District Municipality of Muskoka in Central Ontario, Canada. The island is named after Louis Beausoleil, an American born Metis settler whose 1819 homestead stood at the island's southern tip. The name of the island in the Wyandot/Huron/Wendat language is Skiondechiara which means "The land to appear floating afar". The name of the island in the Anishinaabemowin language is variously Pamedenagog, Baamidoonegog or  Epenmindaagoog meaning “rocky place floating about the mouth of a river”.
Located in the Thirty Thousand Islands in Georgian Bay on Lake Huron, it is the largest island in Georgian Bay Islands National Park and is the only place in the park where camping is allowed. Beausoleil Island is also part of the Georgian Bay Littoral (also called the Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve) UNESCO Biosphere reserve.
Pat Hughes (footballer, born 1945)
Patrick Joseph Hughes (28 February 1945 – 25 February 2010) was a Scottish footballer who played as a left winger in the Scottish League for St Mirren and Hamilton Academical and in the English Football League for Darlington. Although he played little, he was a member of the Darlington team that won promotion from the Fourth to the Third Division in 1965–66 Football League.

His older brother John played for Celtic and Scotland, and his younger brother Billy played for Sunderland and Scotland.

1965–66 Football League
The 1965–66 season was the 67th completed season of the Football League.

This season is notable for Liverpool winning the title – their seventh overall – with only 14 squad players. The Second, Third and Fourth Divisions were won by Manchester City, Hull City and Doncaster Rovers respectively.
Novyye Sulli
Novyye Sulli (Russian: Новые Сулли; Bashkir: Яңы Сүлле, Yañı Sülle) is a rural locality (a selo) in Starosullinsky Selsoviet, Yermekeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 290 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Yermekeyevsky District
Yermekeyevsky District (Russian: Ермеке́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Йәрмәкәй районы, Yärmäkäy rayonı; Tatar: Ярмәкәй районы, Yarmäkäy rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky District in the north, Belebeyevsky District in the east, Bizhbulyaksky District in the southeast, and with Orenburg Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,437 square kilometers (555 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yermekeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,162, with the population of Yermekeyevo accounting for 22.9% of that number.
Raceway pond
A raceway pond is a shallow artificial pond used in the cultivation of algae.

The pond is divided into a rectangular grid, with each rectangle containing one channel in the shape of an oval, like an automotive raceway circuit. From above, many ponds look like a maze. Each rectangle contains a paddle wheel to make the water flow continuously around the circuit.

The Department of Energy's Aquatic Species Program experimented with raceway ponds for the cultivation of algae. Many commercial producers of spirulina still use raceway ponds as their primary method of cultivation. Raceway ponds were used for removal of lead from waste water using biosorption by Spirulina (Arthospira) sp.

Arthrospira
Arthrospira is a genus of free-floating filamentous cyanobacteria characterized by cylindrical, multicellular trichomes in an open left-hand helix. It was originally proposed in 1892 and went through a period of disuse between 1932 and 1974 due to an error perpetuated by Geitler. It contained the cultivated species used for producing spirulina until 2019, when it was found that the sequence of the type species A. jenneri was only distantly related to the cultivated species with several established genera in between, causing a new genus Limnospira to be created for them.
Catalan Declaration of Sovereignty
The Declaration on the Sovereignty and Right to Decide of the People of Catalonia (Catalan: Declaració de sobirania i el dret a decidir del poble de Catalunya) was issued on 23 January 2013. The declaration asserted that Catalonia is an autonomous entity and agrees "to initiate the process to exercise the right to decide so that the citizens of Catalonia may decide their collective political future in accordance with the following principles: democratic legitimacy, transparency, dialogue, social cohesion, Europeanism, legality, role of the Catalan Parliament and participation". The declaration was passed with 85 votes in favor, 41 against and 2 abstentions in the Parliament of Catalonia.

On 8 May 2013 this declaration was provisionally suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain. On 25 March 2014, the same court declared the principle of sovereignty void and not constitutional and validated the other principles.

Constitutional Court of Spain
The Constitutional Court (Spanish: Tribunal Constitucional) is the supreme interpreter of the Spanish Constitution, with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes made by any public body, central, regional, or local in Spain. It is defined in Part IX (sections 159 through 165) of the Constitution of Spain, and further governed by Organic Laws 2/1979 (Law of the Constitutional Court of 3 October 1979), 8/1984, 4/1985, 6/1988, 7/1999 and 1/2000. The Court is the "supreme interpreter" of the Constitution, but since the Court is not a part of the Spanish Judiciary, the Supreme Court is the highest court for all judicial matters.
Gangare
Gangare  is a ward in Bikita District of Masvingo Province in south-eastern Zimbabwe. Its name is derived from a large nearby mountain in that area. Mudyiwa is the Councillor ZANU PF as well as the chief of that area.

ZANU–PF
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF.

At the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANU–PF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC). ZANU-PF then won the 2013 election, gaining a two-thirds majority. The party narrowly held their super-majority in the 2018 election.

On 19 November 2017, following a coup d'état, ZANU–PF removed Robert Mugabe as party leader, who resigned two days later, and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place.