hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
C band (NATO)
The NATO C-band is the obsolete designation given to the radio frequencies from 500 to 1000 MHz (equivalent to wavelengths between 0.6 and 0.3 m) during the Cold War period. Since 1992, frequency allocations, allotment and assignments are in line with the NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA).
However, in order to identify military radio spectrum requirements, e.g. for crisis management planning, training, electronic warfare activities, or in military operations, this system is still in use.

NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement
The NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA) is the universal NATO common civil/military treaty to regulate the military access to the radio frequency spectrum in the range of 14 kHz to 100 GHz in peacetime, during exercises, in times of crisis, and in military operations. This document has been the basis for the frequency utilisation in NATO-Europe since 1982. Nations and organisations, e.g. partnership for peace countries, are invited to participate as deemed to be necessary.

The national representatives of the frequency sovereignty agree unanimous to changes of the NJFA, in line to decisions of World Radiocommunication Conferences, operational requirement of the armed forces, and technical developments. However, the provision of "Article 38 of the International Telecommunication Convention, Nairobi 1982" remains untouched.
Ludwig Ruckdeschel
Ludwig Ruckdeschel (15 March 1907 – 8 November 1986) was the Acting Nazi Gauleiter of Bayreuth during the final month of the Gau's existence before the collapse of Nazi Germany in 1945. Before this, from 1933, he served as the Deputy Gauleiter, first to Hans Schemm, and then to Fritz Wächtler, whom he had executed on orders by Martin Bormann. From 1933 to 1945 he was also a member of the German Parliament, the Reichstag.

During the Second World War Ruckdeschel served in the Waffen-SS, rising to the rank of Obersturmbannführer. After the war he was arrested in 1947 and sentenced to 13 years in prison but released in 1952.

Gau (territory)
Gau (German: [ɡaʊ] ⓘ; Dutch: gouw [ɣʌu] ⓘ; West Frisian: gea [ɡɪə] or goa [ɡoə]) is a Germanic term for a region within a country, often a former or current province. It was used in the Middle Ages, when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire. The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision during the period of Nazi Germany in 1933–1945. It still appears today in regional names, such as the Rheingau or Allgäu.
Bent Creek (North Carolina)
Bent Creek is a tributary of the French Broad River in Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was dammed to create Lake Powhatan, a reservoir for recreation just south of Asheville. The headwaters of Bent Creek rise near the Bent Creek Gap in southern Buncombe County. The Bent Creek watershed is about 5 miles long and 2 miles wide, and is surrounded by Appalachian hardwood forests.

Appalachian hemlock–northern hardwood forest
The Appalachian hemlock–northern hardwood forest is a forest system found in the Appalachian Mountains of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Eastern Kentucky, West Virginia and western North Carolina. These forests occur in deep coves, moist flats, and ravines in the southern portion whereas they are more abundant in the central and northern portions, particularly from the Allegheny Mountains northward into New England.
Mexican Federal Highway 190
Federal Highway 190 (Carretera Federal 190) is a federal highway of Mexico. Federal Highway 190 is split into two segments: the first segment travels from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, in the east to Puebla, Puebla, in the west. The second segment travels from La Ventosa, Juchitán de Zaragoza municipality, Oaxaca, in the west eastward to Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chiapas. Highway 190's eastern segment ends at a Guatemala–Mexico border crossing at Ciudad Cuauhtémoc. The Pan-American Highway route in southern Mexico continues into Guatemala as Central American Highway 1 (CA-1).

In its capacity as the Pan-American Highway, it is a major route for migrants traveling north from Central America. It was the site of the Chiapas truck crash in 2021.

In segments, it is paralleled by Federal Highway 190D.

Guatemala–Mexico border
The international border between Guatemala and Mexico measures 871 km (541 mi). It runs between north and west Guatemala (the Guatemalan departments of San Marcos, Huehuetenango, El Quiché and El Petén) and the Mexican states of Campeche, Tabasco and Chiapas. The border includes stretches of the Usumacinta River, the Salinas River, and the Suchiate River.

Geopolitically, this border represents much of the western and northern boundary of the region of Central America within North America. It is across this border that most of the commerce between Mexico and Guatemala and the rest of Central America takes place.
No. 24 Squadron (Finland)
No. 24 Squadron (Finnish: Lentolaivue 24 or LLv.24, from 3 May 1942 Le. Lv.24), renamed No. 24 Fighter Squadron (Finnish: Hävittäjälentolaivue 24 or HLe.Lv.24 on 14 February 1944) was a fighter squadron of the Finnish Air Force during World War II. The squadron was part of Flying Regiment 2.

During the Winter War, all Fokker D.XXIs - Finland's only modern fighter - were concentrated into the No. 24 Sqn, making it the only frontline fighter force.

No. 24 Squadron was the most successful fighter squadron of the Finnish Air Force during World War II, claiming 877 aerial victories for a loss of 38 aircraft and 18 pilots. The unit produced seven Mannerheim Cross winners, including Ilmari Juutilainen and Hans Wind, the two top-scoring aces.

After the re-organization of the Finnish Air Force after World War II, HLeLv 24 was renamed into HLeLv 31. Today it is part of the Karelian Wing, flying F-18 Hornets and still sporting the "Supersonic Lynx" as its emblem.

Mannerheim Cross
The Mannerheim Cross (Finnish: Mannerheim-risti, Swedish: Mannerheimkorset), officially Mannerheim Cross of the Cross of Liberty (Finnish: Vapaudenristin Mannerheim-risti, Swedish: Frihetskorsets Mannerheimkors) is the most distinguished Finnish military honour. A total of 191 people received the cross between 22 July 1941 and 7 May 1945, with six of the recipients receiving a cross twice. Available in two classes, the 1st class medal has only been awarded twice, with both recipients also having received the medal in the 2nd class. Although still active de jure, no crosses have been awarded since 1945. Tuomas Gerdt, the last living Knight of the Mannerheim Cross, died on 1 November 2020.
Françoise Levechin-Gangloff
Françoise Levechin-Gangloff (born 1950) is a French classical organist, titular of the great organ of the Saint-Roch church in Paris, professor at the Conservatoire de Paris - CNSMDP and at the Schola cantorum - and President of the International Conservatory of Music in Paris - CIMP.

She studied Piano, Sight-reading, harpsichord, composition and Organ at the Conservatoire de Paris and musicology at the Sorbonne. She studied the Organ with Gaston Litaize and Rolande Falcinelli.

Schola Cantorum de Paris
The Schola Cantorum de Paris (schola cantorum being Latin for 'singers' school') is a private music conservatory located in the Latin Quarter of Paris. It was founded in 1894 by Charles Bordes, Alexandre Guilmant and Vincent d'Indy as a counterbalance to the Paris Conservatoire's emphasis on opera.
Ossett railway station
Ossett was a railway station serving the town of Ossett, West Yorkshire. The station on the Bradford, Wakefield and Leeds Railway and it opened on 2 April 1864 and closed on 5 September 1964. It had an island platform accessed from a ramp surrounded by goods yards.
After closure the tracks were lifted, and the area has been built over with housing.

Bradford, Wakefield and Leeds Railway
The Bradford, Wakefield and Leeds Railway was an independent railway company that built a line between Wakefield and a junction close to Leeds, in Yorkshire, England. It opened its main line in 1857, and was worked by the Great Northern Railway. The line shortened the GNR route to Leeds.

The BW&LR later built a branch line from near Wakefield to Batley, opening in stages to 1863. In that year it changed its name to the West Yorkshire Railway, and planned a branch line from Lofthouse to Methley, forming an eastwards link to other companies' lines. It agreed to make the line jointly with the North Eastern Railway and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, and the branch line became the Methley Joint Railway, opening in 1865. In that year the West Yorkshire Railway (former BW&LR) was absorbed by the Great Northern Railway.

The original main line is part of the present-day electrically operated Doncaster to Leeds main line.
Nathan Wood (footballer, born 2002)
Nathan Dean Joshua Wood-Gordon (born 31 May 2002), known as Nathan Wood, is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for EFL Championship club Southampton.

Wood is a product of the Middlesbrough academy and made his professional debut for the club in August 2018. He had loan spells with Crewe Alexandra and Hibernian before joining Swansea City permanently in 2022. Wood moved to Southampton in July 2024. He has represented his country at youth levels.

Our School (TV series)
Our School is a British documentary reality television programme on CBBC which first aired on 3 September 2014 and has run for eight series. It uses a fly-on-the-wall format to show the everyday lives of the staff and pupils in secondary schools and follows children as they move from Year 6 into Year 7. From series 5 onwards, the series featured pupils in both Year 7 and Year 8.

In 2019, a spin-off called Our School Summer Camp was made, featuring students from series 1, 2 and 3, and some new students, joined by headteacher Shirley Ballas.
Emily Spreeman
Emily Spreeman (née Cressy; born August 30, 1989) is an American soccer player for the United States women's deaf national team. A forward, she is the deaf national team's all-time leading scorer.

Spreeman played college soccer for the Kansas Jayhawks, where she was named the Big 12 Conference Rookie of the Year in 2008. With the deaf national team, she is a two-time Deaflympics gold medalist (2005 and 2021) and two-time World Deaf Football Champion (2016 and 2023).

World Deaf Football Championships
The World Deaf Football Championships is a quadrennial global competitions in the association football sport for deaf people. It is organised by the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (CISS) and Deaf International Football Association (DIFA) and was first held in 2008.
Praxeology
In philosophy, praxeology or praxiology (/ˌpræksiˈɒlədʒi/; from Ancient Greek  πρᾶξις (praxis) 'deed, action' and  -λογία (-logia) 'study of') is the theory of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, contrary to reflexive behavior and other unintentional behavior.

French social philosopher Alfred Espinas gave the term its modern meaning, and praxeology was developed independently by two principal groups: the Austrian school, led by Ludwig von Mises, and the Polish school, led by Tadeusz Kotarbiński.

Mario Bunge
Mario Augusto Bunge (/ˈbʊŋɡeɪ/ BUUNG-gay; Spanish: [ˈmaɾjo ˈβuŋxe]; September 21, 1919 – February 24, 2020) was an Argentine-Canadian philosopher and physicist. His philosophical writings combined scientific realism, systemism, materialism, emergentism, and other principles.

He was an advocate of "exact philosophy": 211  and a critic of existentialist, hermeneutical, phenomenological philosophy, and postmodernism.: 172  He was popularly known for his opinions against pseudoscience.
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania
Swarthmore (/ˈswɔːrθmɔːr/ SWORTH-mor, locally /ˈswɑːθmɔːr/ SWAHTH-mor) is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Swarthmore was originally named Westdale in honor of painter Benjamin West, who was one of the early residents of the town. The name was changed to Swarthmore after the establishment of Swarthmore College. As of the 2020 census, Swarthmore had a population of 6,543.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Kari Sørheim
Kari Sørheim (born 12 October 1948) is a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland during the terms 1997–2001 and 2001–2005. In total she met during 36 days of parliamentary session.

On the local level she has been a member of the municipal council of Masfjorden Municipality. Among her policies to attract residents to her remote municipality was to subsidize the drivers' license for youth. In 2007 she became deputy mayor.

In 2008 she was elected president of the Norwegian Missionary Society (NMS), winning a vote against Kjell Erfjord at the national convention. She became the second female president of NMS.

Hordaland (Storting constituency)
Hordaland is one of the 19 multi-member constituencies of the Storting, the national legislature of Norway. The constituency was established in 1921 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Storting. The Bergen constituency was merged into the Hordaland constituency in 1973 after the city of Bergen lost its county status in 1972. Hordaland consists of the municipalities of Alver, Askøy, Austevoll, Austrheim, Bergen, Bjørnafjorden, Bømlo, Eidfjord, Etne, Fedje, Fitjar, Kvam, Kvinnherad, Masfjorden, Modalen, Osterøy, Øygarden, Samnanger, Stord, Sveio, Tysnes, Ullensvang, Ulvik, Vaksdal and Voss in the county of Vestland. The constituency currently elects 15 of the 169 members of the Storting using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2025 parliamentary election it had 397,478 registered electors.
Et in Arcadia ego (Poussin)
Et in Arcadia ego (also known as Les bergers d'Arcadie or The Arcadian Shepherds) is a 1637–38 painting by Classical painter Nicolas Poussin. It depicts a pastoral scene with idealized shepherds from classical antiquity, and a woman, possibly a shepherdess, gathered around an austere tomb that includes the Latin inscription "Et in Arcadia ego", which is translated to "Even in Arcadia, there am I"; "Also in Arcadia am I"; or "I too was in Arcadia". Poussin also painted another version of the subject in 1627 under the same title.

The 1630s version is held in the Musée du Louvre, Paris, while the 1627 version is held at Chatsworth House, England. An earlier treatment of the theme was painted by Guercino c. 1618–1622, also titled Et in Arcadia ego.

Tomb
A tomb (from Ancient Greek: τύμβος tumbos, meaning "mound" or "burial monument") is a repository for the remains of the dead. It may be above or below ground and can vary greatly in form, size, and cultural significance. Tombs are one of the oldest forms of funerary monuments, serving both as a means of final disposition and as expressions of religious belief, commemoration, and social status.

Placing a body in a tomb can be called entombment, distinct from simpler burial practices. Tombs often involve architectural or artistic design and can become significant cultural or religious landmarks.
Sir Samuel Roberts, 2nd Baronet
Sir Samuel Roberts, 2nd Baronet JP (2 September 1882 – 13 December 1955) was a British politician.

Son of the Sheffield Ecclesall MP Samuel Roberts, Roberts grew up at Queen's Tower in Norfolk Park, Sheffield.  He attended Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge before becoming a solicitor.

In 1913, Roberts became a Justice of the Peace, and in 1919, the Lord Mayor of Sheffield.  In 1921, he was elected as the Conservative Party MP for Hereford, and at the 1929 general election he switched to represent his father's former constituency of Sheffield Ecclesall.  He stood down at the 1935 general election, serving that year as the Master Cutler.

Hereford (UK Parliament constituency)
Hereford was, until 2010, a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Since 1918, it had elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post voting system.

Previously, Hereford had been a parliamentary borough which from 1295 to 1885 had elected two MPs, using the bloc vote system in contested elections. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 the borough's representation had been reduced to one seat at the 1885 general election, and for the 1918 general election the borough was abolished and replaced with a county division which carried the same name but covered a wider geographical area.
Lough Talt
Lough Talt (Irish: Loch Tailt) is a lake in the Ox Mountains of south County Sligo, Ireland. The lake is located between the villages of Tubbercurry and Bonniconlon on the R294 road. Lough Talt is part of the Lough Hoe Bog Special Area of Conservation, an area of montane bogland and oligotrophic lakes.

Lough Talt is the largest of the lakes in the Lough Hoe Bog area. It is a glacier lake and lies at 130 metres (430 ft) above sea level and measures 40 m (130 ft) at its deepest point. Its area is about 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi). The lake flows out to the Lough Talt River which eventually joins the River Moy. The lake has two crannogs (artificial islands).

Ox Mountains
The Ox Mountains or Slieve Gamph (Irish: Sliabh Gamh, 'storm mountains') are a mountain range in County Sligo on the west coast of Ireland. They are also known as Saint Patrick's Mountains after the saint who built churches on its slopes and left his name to some of its wells.
Joseph M. Street
General Joseph Montfort Street (October 18, 1782 – May 5, 1840) was a 19th-century American pioneer, trader and US Army officer. During the 1820s and 1830s, he was also a U.S. Indian Agent to the Ho-Chunk and later to the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes after the Black Hawk War. His eldest son was Joseph H. D. Street, the first appointed registrar of the Council Bluffs Land Office in western Iowa.

Council Bluffs, Iowa
Council Bluffs is a city in and the county seat of Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States. Located on the east bank of the Missouri River, it sits across from Omaha, Nebraska. The city had a population of 62,799 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Iowa and the largest in Southwest Iowa. Council Bluffs is also a principal city in the Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area.

Until about 1853, Council Bluffs was known as Kanesville. Kanesville was the historic starting point of the Mormon Trail. Kanesville is also the northernmost anchor town of the other emigrant trails because there was a steam-powered boat which ferried the settlers' wagons and cattle across the Missouri River. In 1869, the first transcontinental railroad to California was connected to the existing U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs.
Constitution of Missouri
The Missouri Constitution is the state constitution of the U.S. State of Missouri. It is the supreme law formulating the law and government of Missouri, subject only to the federal Constitution, and the people. The fourth and current Missouri Constitution was adopted in 1945. It provides for three branches of government: legislative (the Missouri General Assembly), executive (the Governor of Missouri), and judicial (the Supreme Court of Missouri). It also sets up local governments in the form of counties and cities.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Assassination of William Cann
The assassination of Union City, California, police chief William Cann occurred on June 11, 1974, at a public meeting in the Decoto neighborhood. The meeting was intended to address community tension, which was related to the April 1974 police shooting of Alberto Terrones, and to the simmering racial tensions between Chicanos who had settled in Decoto when it was an agricultural area of Alameda County, and newly arrived whites who were remodeling the settlement and the schools in their own image.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
High-valent iron
High-valent iron commonly denotes compounds and intermediates in which iron is found in a formal oxidation state > +3 that show a number of bonds > 6 with a coordination number ≤ 6. The ferrate(VI) ion [FeO4]2− was the first structure in this class synthesized. The synthetic compounds discussed below contain highly oxidized iron in general, as the concepts are closely related.

Valence (chemistry)
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given chemical element typically forms. Double bonds are considered to be two bonds, triple bonds to be three, quadruple bonds to be four, quintuple bonds to be five and sextuple bonds to be six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related concepts of the coordination number, the oxidation state, or the number of valence electrons for a given atom.
Peugeot UO-8
The Peugeot UO 8 was a ten-speed bicycle manufactured by Cycles Peugeot during the "bike boom" of the 1970s. It was marketed as a mid-range "racing style" cycle, and was manufactured from sometime in the early 60s until the end of 1980. The model was discontinued for the 1981 model year.

Bike boom
The bike boom or bicycle craze is any of several specific historic periods marked by increased bicycle enthusiasm, popularity, and sales.

Prominent examples include 1819 and 1868, as well as the decades of the 1890s and 1970s – the latter especially in North America – and the 2010s in the United Kingdom.