hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Borough of Scunthorpe
Scunthorpe was a non-metropolitan district of Humberside from 1974 to 1996, urban district from 1894 to 1919 and a municipal borough from 1936 to 1974 in the Parts of Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England.

It was created as an urban district in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894, then in 1919 it became Scunthorpe and Frodingham urban district and subsequently elevated to the status of municipal borough in 1936, at which point it was enlarged by gaining parts of the civil parishes of Crosby, Frodingham, Brumby and Ashby.

The municipal borough was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and replaced by the post-1974 Scunthorpe borough in the county of Humberside. The post-1974 Scunthorpe borough was subsequently abolished in 1996 and replaced with the North Lincolnshire unitary authority.

Municipal borough
A municipal borough was a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1836 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in Scotland from 1833 to 1975 with the reform of royal burghs and creation of police burghs.
Wörth (Rhein) station
Wörth (Rhein) station—originally Wörth (Pfalz)—is the most important station of the town of Wörth am Rhein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as a category 5 station and it has five platforms. The station is located in the area of the Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (Karlsruhe transport association, KVV) and it belongs to fare zone 540. Since 2001, Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN) tickets are also accepted for travel to or from the VRN area. The address of the station is Bahnhofstraße 44.

It was opened on 15 March 1864 as a through station on the branch of the Maximilian Railway from Winden to Maximiliansau. The gap to Karlsruhe was closed a year later. The extension of the Schifferstadt–Gemersheim railway and its continuation to Strasbourg turned it into a junction station on 15 May 1876. A branch of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn was built through the residential area of Dorschberg in 1997. Its entrance building is under heritage protection.

Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩ ʔam ˈʁaɪn] ⓘ; meaning "Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German: Ludwichshafe or Lumpehafe), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.

Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is home to BASF, the world's largest chemical producer, and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz.

It is the birthplace and death place of the former Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl.

In 2012, Ludwigshafen was classified as a global city with 'Sufficiency' status by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC).
Graciosa IPR
Graciosa is a Portuguese wine region centered on the island of Graciosa in the Azores. The region has the second tier Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) classification and may some day be promoted to Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC). The region is known for its light bodied table wines.

Portuguese wine
Portuguese wine was mostly introduced by the Romans and other ancient Mediterranean peoples who traded with local coastal populations, mainly in the South. In pre-Roman Gallaecia-Lusitania times, the native peoples only drank beer and were unfamiliar with wine production. Portugal started to export its wines to Rome during the Roman Empire. Modern exports developed with trade to England after the Methuen Treaty in 1703. From this commerce a wide variety of wines started to be grown in Portugal. In 1758, one of the first wine-producing regions of the world, the Região Demarcada do Douro was created under the orientation of Marquis of Pombal, in the Douro Valley. Portugal has two wine-producing regions protected by UNESCO as World Heritage: the Douro Valley Wine Region (Douro Vinhateiro) and Pico Island Wine Region (Ilha do Pico Vinhateira). Portugal has a big variety of local kinds, producing a very wide variety of different wines with distinctive personality.
William Ross (baseball)
William West Ross (October 5, 1893 – December 22, 1964), nicknamed "Nacogdoches", was an American Negro league pitcher from 1922 to 1930.

A native of Corrigan, Texas, Ross made his Negro leagues debut in 1922 with the Indianapolis ABCs. He went on to play for the Washington Potomacs, St. Louis Stars, Detroit Stars, and Cleveland Tigers before finishing his career with the Homestead Grays in 1929 and 1930. Ross died in Diboll, Texas in 1964 at age 71.

Washington Potomacs
The Washington Potomacs were a Negro league baseball team in the Eastern Colored League, based in Washington, D.C., in 1924. They also operated as an independent team in 1923. In 1925 the Potomacs moved to Wilmington, Delaware where they played as the Wilmington Potomacs for the 1925 season. In mid-July, George Robinson, owner of the Potomacs, announced that his team was folding and was unable to complete the season. The league contracted to seven teams and the Potomacs players were dispersed to other teams.
Aspidomorphus
Aspidomorphus is a genus of venomous elapid snakes endemic to New Guinea and neighbouring islands. They are commonly called collared adders or crown snakes. These are small snakes with rounded snouts and small eyes. Very little is known about these nocturnal burrowing species.

Elapidae
Elapidae (/əˈlæpədiː/, commonly known as elapids /ˈɛləpɪdz/, from Ancient Greek: ἔλαψ élaps, variant of ἔλλοψ éllops "sea-fish") is a family of snakes characterized by their permanently erect fangs at the front of the mouth. Most elapids are venomous, with the exception of the genus Emydocephalus. Many members of this family exhibit a threat display of rearing upwards while spreading out a neck flap. Elapids are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas and marine forms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Members of the family have a wide range of sizes, from the 18 cm (7.1 in) white-lipped snake to the 5.85 m (19 ft 2 in) king cobra. Most species have neurotoxic venom that is channeled by their hollow fangs, and some may contain other toxic components in varying proportions. The family includes 55 genera with around 360 species and over 170 subspecies.
Minden (1985 ship)
The Minden is a ship built in 1985 as a lifeboat as one of a series of seven rescue cruisers (Seenotkreuzern, SK) of the Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schiffbrüchiger (DGzRS, German Sea Rescue Society) in the 23.3 Meter class. The ships were built between 1980 and 1991 by the Schweers shipyard in Berne-Bardenfleth and Abeking & Rasmussen in Lemwerder.

Abeking & Rasmussen
Abeking & Rasmussen (A&R) is a shipyard situated in Lemwerder, near Bremen in the German state of Lower Saxony. The shipyard is on the left bank of the River Weser, and currently comprises five production halls with associated workshops and offices, an inner harbour and a syncrolift.
Callback verification
Callback verification, also known as callout verification or Sender Address Verification, is a technique used by SMTP software in order to validate e-mail addresses. The most common target of verification is the sender address from the message envelope (the address specified during the SMTP dialogue as "MAIL FROM"). It is mostly used as an anti-spam measure.

Exim
Exim is a mail transfer agent (MTA) used on Unix-like operating systems. Exim is a free software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, and it aims to be a general and flexible mailer with extensive facilities for checking incoming e-mail.

Exim has been ported to most Unix-like systems, as well as to Microsoft Windows using the Cygwin emulation layer. Exim 4 is currently the default MTA on Debian Linux systems.

Many Exim installations exist, especially within Internet service providers and universities in the United Kingdom. Exim is also widely used with the GNU Mailman mailing list manager, and cPanel.

In March 2023 a study performed by E-Soft, Inc., approximated that 59% of the publicly reachable mail-servers on the Internet ran Exim.
Historiography of Germany
The historiography of Germany deals with the manner in which historians have depicted, analyzed and debated the history of Germany. It also covers the popular memory of critical historical events, ideas and leaders, as well as the depiction of those events in museums, monuments, reenactments, pageants and historic sites, and the editing of historical documents.

Heinrich von Treitschke
Heinrich Gotthard von Treitschke (German: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç fɔn ˈtʁaɪt͡ʃkə]; 15 September 1834 – 28 April 1896) was a German historian, political writer and National Liberal member of the Reichstag during the time of the German Empire.

He was an extreme nationalist, who favored German colonialism and opposed the British Empire. He also opposed Catholics, Poles, Jews and socialists inside Germany. According to Hans Kohn, Treitschke's "prominent position as a national scholar and popular prophet gave to anti-Semitism in Germany a recognized standing."
Juan B. Galaviz Charter School
Juan B. Galaviz Charter School (JBG) was a state charter school located in Houston, Texas. The charter high school was an affiliate of the National Council of La Raza. Previously the school was located in the Northside district of Houston.

UnidosUS
UnidosUS, formerly National Council of La Raza (NCLR) (La Raza), is the United States's largest Latino nonprofit advocacy organization. It advocates in favor of progressive public policy changes including immigration reform, a path to citizenship for migrants, and reduced deportations.

Founded in 1968 (as NCLR), UnidosUS has regional offices in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Miami, Phoenix, San Antonio and is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Alif Samsudin
Mohd Alif bin Samsudin (born 1 February 1989 in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for KSR SAINS as a Centre-back.

Among his achievements is helping Negeri Sembilan to win 2009 Malaysia Cup and 2010 FA Cup. He also played in the 2010 Malaysia Cup final where his team lost 2–1 to Kelantan.

He has been called up to Malaysia national football team for a friendly match against Yemen national football team in 2010, and made his debut in this match.

Yemen national football team
The Yemen national football team (Arabic: منتخب الْيَمَن لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Yemen in men's international football and is administered by the Yemen Football Association.

When Yemen was split into North and South, two national teams existed. The current Yemeni national team inherits the records of North Yemen.

Despite being the 5th most populated country in the Middle East, Yemen has never achieved the same success as those with much smaller populations, only qualifying for the AFC Asian Cup once after unification in 1990.
DeGroff
DeGroff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alzina Orndorff DeGroff, American businesswoman and civic activist

Dale DeGroff (born 1948), American bartender and author

Edward DeGroff (1860–1910), American merchant and photographer

John DeGroff, American Christian musician

John W. DeGroff (1843–1895), American politician

Rube DeGroff (1879–1955), American baseball player

Dale DeGroff
Dale DeGroff (born September 21, 1948), also known as "the King of Cocktails" or "King Cocktail", is an American bartender and author. The New York Times in 2015 called DeGroff "one of the world's foremost cocktail experts", and wrote that his book The Craft of the Cocktail is considered an essential bartending reference.
Cyzicus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, King Cyzicus or Kyzikos (Ancient Greek: Κύζικος, romanized: Kúzikos) was the ruler of the Dolionians, a tribe that inhabited the southern shore of the Propontis (the Sea of Marmara). He gave his name to a city of the same name, Cyzicus, his capital.

Cyzicus
Cyzicus (/ˈsɪzɪkəs/ SIZ-ik-əs; Ancient Greek: Κύζικος, romanized: Kúzikos; was an ancient Greek town in Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey. It was located on the shoreward side of the present Kapıdağ Peninsula (the classical Arctonnesus), a tombolo which is said to have originally been an island in the Sea of Marmara only to be connected to the mainland in historic times either by artificial means or an earthquake.

The site of Cyzicus, located on the Erdek and Bandırma roads, is protected by Turkey's Ministry of Culture.
Le Moule 1st Canton
Le Moule 1st Canton is a former canton in the Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre on the island of Guadeloupe. It had 14,326 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It comprised part of the commune of Le Moule, which joined the new canton of Le Moule in 2015.

Canton of Le Moule
The canton of Le Moule is an administrative division of Guadeloupe, an overseas department and region of France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Le Moule.

It consists of the following communes:

Le Moule
Employment contract
An employment contract or contract of employment is a kind of contract used in labour law to attribute rights and responsibilities between parties to a bargain.
The contract is between an "employee" and an "employer". It has arisen out of the old master-servant law, used before the 20th century. Employment contracts rely on the concept of authority, in which the employee agrees to accept the authority of the employer and in exchange, the employer agrees to pay the employee a stated wage (Simon, 1951).

Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement
Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement originated in the loosely organized city-states of Early Dynastic Sumer.  Each city, kingdom and trade guild had its own standards until the formation of the Akkadian Empire when Sargon of Akkad issued a common standard.  This standard was improved by Naram-Sin, but fell into disuse after the Akkadian Empire dissolved.  The standard of Naram-Sin was readopted in the Ur III period by the Nanše Hymn which reduced a plethora of multiple standards to a few agreed-upon common groupings.  Successors to Sumerian civilization including the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians continued to use these groupings.  Akkado-Sumerian metrology has been reconstructed by applying statistical methods to compare Sumerian architecture, architectural plans, and issued official standards such as Statue B of Gudea and the bronze cubit of Nippur.
Tziporah Malkah
Tziporah Atarah Malkah (born Katherine Helen Fischer; 30 November 1973) is an Australian model, actress and TV host. Initially rising to prominence under her birth name Kate Fischer, Malkah began modelling in the 1980s, becoming a glamour model by the early 1990s, later resulting in an acting and television presenting career.

Elle McFeast
Elle McFeast is an Australian television character created by comedian Libbi Gorr. The character appeared in several shows during the 1990s, beginning with the ABC series Live and Sweaty in 1991. The character became the host of the show in 1993. This was followed by her own chat show in 1995 called McFeast Live.

Gorr made a series of ABC specials as McFeast, including Breasts, My Big Bottom and Power Pussy, during which she interviewed Australian politicians, sports personalities and celebrities. In 1994, she won a gold medal at the New York Festival of Television for Sex, Guys and Videotape.
Jean Emond
Jean C. Emond is the current Thomas S. Zimmer Professor of Surgery at the Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons. He is also a Vice Chair in the Department of Surgery and the Chief of Transplantation at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center. Dr. Emond completed both his undergraduate ('75) and medical training ('79) at the University of Chicago.

Emond participated in the first living-donor liver transplantation in children in North America. In 1997, Emond established the liver transplant program at Columbia, which has become one of the largest in the United States performing 152 liver transplants in 2006. Jean was featured on NY Med

Liver transplantation
Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with the healthy liver from another person (allograft). Liver transplantation is a treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure, although the availability of donor organs is a major limitation. Liver transplantation is highly regulated and only performed at designated transplant medical centers by highly trained transplant physicians. Favorable outcomes require careful screening for eligible recipients, as well as a well-calibrated live or deceased donor match.
Amphiodia urtica
Amphiodia urtica, commonly known as the burrowing brittle star or the long arm brittle star, is a species of brittle star belonging to the family Amphiuridae. It is found on the Pacific coast of North America at depths down to about 370 m (1,200 ft).

Amphiuridae
Amphiuridae (commonly called long-armed burrowing brittle stars or burrowing brittle stars) are a large family of brittle stars of the suborder Gnathophiurina. Some species are used to study echinoderm development (e.g. Amphipholis kochii and Amphioplus abditus) and bioluminescence (the dwarf brittle star, Amphipholis squamata).
Sarpeswar railway station
Sarpeswar railway station is a halt railway station on Cuttack–Sambalpur line under the Khurda Road railway division of the East Coast Railway zone. The railway station is situated at Nuashasan, Dhurusia in Cuttack district of the Indian state of Odisha.

Cuttack district
Cuttack district is one of the 30 districts of Odisha state in India. It is located in the coastal part of the state and its administrative headquarters are located in the city of Cuttack. As of 2011 Census, after Ganjam, it is the second most populous district of Odisha, with a population of 2,624,470. The name is an anglicized form of Kataka or Katak meaning Fort – referring to the Barabati Fort. The district is bisected by the river Mahanadi and its numerous distributaries and occupies a large portion of the river's delta. It is bounded by the Angul, Dhenkanal, Nayagarh and Khurda districts to the west while its southern and eastern boundaries touch Puri, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara and Jajpur districts.
Laurent Bouhnik
Laurent Bouhnik (French pronunciation: [lɔʁɑ̃ bunik]) (born 7 April 1961) is a French director, writer, and actor.

Bouhnik began his career in the comic strip and illustration business. From 1988 to 1992, he worked technical image and editing jobs within his production company.

Bouhnik's film  Madeleine (1999) was the first step in  his project to direct one film per year between 1999 and 2009, recounting the turn of the century France in an interweaving narrative pattern.

Bouhnik teaches directing and script-writing at La Fémis in Paris. He has appeared in cameo roles in Vivante (2001), Sur un air d'autoroute (1999) and Paddy (1998).

Bouhnik is a member of the Assange support committee in France   that is advocating for his release and for France to grant him political asylum.

1998 in film
Many significant films were released in 1998, including Shakespeare in Love, Saving Private Ryan, Armageddon, American History X, The Truman Show, Primary Colors, Rushmore, Rush Hour, There's Something About Mary, The Big Lebowski, and Terrence Malick's directorial return in The Thin Red Line.
Zatoichi and the Doomed Man
Zatoichi and the Doomed Man (座頭市逆手斬り, Zatōichi sakate-giri) is a 1965 Japanese chambara film directed by Kazuo Mori and starring Shintaro Katsu as the blind masseur Zatoichi. It was originally released by the Daiei Motion Picture Company (later acquired by Kadokawa Pictures).

Zatoichi and the Doomed Man is the eleventh episode in the 26-part film series devoted to the character of Zatoichi.

Kazuo Mori
Kazuo Mori (森 一生, Mori Kazuo; January 15, 1911 – June 29, 1989), also known by his street name Issei Mori (もり いっせい, Mori Issei), was a Japanese film director who primarily worked in popular genres like the jidaigeki. Mori directed over 100 films in his life.
Jharkhand Day
Jharkhand Day is the state foundation day of Jharkhand, observed annually on 15 November. On this day in 2000, Jharkhand was carved out of southern districts of Bihar to become the 28th state of India under the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000.

Janjatiya Gaurav Divas
Janjatiya Gaurav Divas is a name given on 15 November 2021 by the Union Cabinet of the Government of India, in its meeting held on 10 November 2021,  to remember the contribution of tribal freedom fighters, as part of the year-long celebration of the 75th anniversary of Indian independence. November 15 is the birthday of the great tribal warrior Birsa Munda.
Edward H. Ntalami
Edward Haggai Ntalami (19 March 1947 – 20 November 2014) was a Kenyan business executive and the former CEO of the Capital Markets Authority of Kenya (CMA).

Ntalami was involved in Kenya's capital markets over the majority of his career. He served for over two decades in financial planning and management in the fields of commerce and industry in the public sector. Prior to his appointment at the CMA, Ntalami was the executive director of Sterling Securities Limited, a local stockbroker.

He was appointed Chief Executive, Capital Markets Authority in December 2002 by President Mwai Kibaki. He completed his term in office on 17 December 2007. Seven months after he left Stella Kilonzo became head of CMA.

Carbacid Investments
Carbacid Investments plc, is a manufacturing and investment company in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community.  The company manufactures and markets carbon dioxide gas for food processing, industrial use and medical use, as well as dry ice. It also tests and validates gas cylinders.

Carbacid Investments currently has a market share of above 65% in the regional carbon dioxide market. The shares of the company's stock are listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), where they trade under the symbol CARB.
Kazkommertsbank
Kazkommertsbank (Kazakh: Қазкоммерцбанк, romanized: Qazkommertsbank) was the largest private bank in Kazakhstan with a total market share of 24% until 2018. Kazkommertsbank was a large provider of banking services and other financial products to large and medium-sized corporations in all sectors of Kazakh economy. Kazkommertsbank merged with Halyk Bank on 27 July 2018.

Its commercial banking business primarily consisted of corporate banking, trade and project finance, personal banking, debit and credit card services and foreign currency trading. Its principal activities were the acceptance of deposits and the provision of loans and credit facilities in Tenge and foreign currencies. The Bank was also a major participant in the securities market and the foreign currency market in Kazakhstan.

Credit
Credit (from Latin creditum, "loan") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party wherein the second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided by the first party can be either property, fulfillment of promises, or performances. In other words, credit is a method of making reciprocity formal, legally enforceable, and extensible to a large group of unrelated people.

The resources provided may be financial (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment. Credit is extended by a creditor, also known as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.