hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tombulu language
Tombulu, also known as Minahasan language, is an Austronesian language of northern Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is a Minahasan language, a sub-group of the Philippine languages.

It is a local language of the Minahasa people spoken in the city of Tomohon and in the villages under the Kota Tomohon administration such as Rurukan, Pinaras, Kumelembuai, Woloan, and Tara-Tara. It is also spoken in the villages under the administration of the Minahasa Regency in the Tombulu district, Tombariri district, Mandolang district, Pineleng district, and two villages in the Sonder district, namely Rambunan and Sawangan.

Philippine languages
The Philippine languages or Philippinic are a proposed group by R. David Paul Zorc (1986) and Robert Blust (1991; 2005; 2019) that include all the languages of the Philippines and northern Sulawesi, Indonesia—except Sama–Bajaw (languages of the "Sea Gypsies") and the Molbog language (disputed)—and form a subfamily of Austronesian languages. Although the Philippines is near the center of Austronesian expansion from Taiwan, there is relatively little linguistic diversity among the approximately 150 Philippine languages, suggesting that earlier diversity has been erased by the spread of the ancestor of the modern Philippine languages.
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Edo State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Edo State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Edo State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

Clifford Ordia
Clifford Ordia (born 19 May 1960) is a Nigerian engineer and politician who hails from Usugbenu Irrua in Esan Central local government area of Edo State. He served as a senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 2015 to 2023, representing the people of Edo Central senatorial district, Edo State, in the Nigerian Senate. He is a member of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP.
Journal of Biological Sciences
The Journal of Biological Sciences is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering research relating to general biology, biochemistry, genetics, and biotechnology. It was established in 2001 and is published by Science Alert on behalf of the Asian Network for Scientific Information. The publisher Science Alert has been designated as predatory by Jeffrey Beall.  The editor-in-chief is Mehmet Ozaslan (Gaziantep University).

Gaziantep University
Gaziantep University (Turkish: Gaziantep Üniversitesi)  is a public university established on June 27, 1987, traces its origins to 1973 as an extension campus of the Middle East Technical University. Located in Gaziantep, Turkey, the university has 20 faculties and is recognized for its focus on scientific and technological research. The main campus is near Gaziantep's city center, with additional campuses in neighboring areas. English is the primary language of instruction, and the university ranked among the top 1,000 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2020–2021.
Pierre Auguste Brahain Ducange
Pierre Auguste Brahain Ducange (? in Tours – 1833 in Paris) was a French journalist, minor diplomat, secret agent, swindler, and author. He was the father of the French author Victor Henri Joseph Brahain Ducange. He played an important role in the coup d'état of 22 January 1798 in the Batavian Republic, by general Herman Willem Daendels, which brought the radical unitarist faction of Wybo Fijnje and Pieter Vreede to power, and he helped write the Staatsregeling voor het Bataafse Volk of 1798 (the first Dutch Constitution).

Pieter Vreede
Pieter Vreede (October 8, 1750– September 21, 1837) was a Dutch politician of the Batavian Republic in the 18th century. Vreede was born in Leiden and died in Heusden. He was a prominent critic of stadholderian misrule and of the urban patriciate.
The After Shave with Danny Beard
The After Shave with Danny Beard is a series hosted by British drag performer Danny Beard. It has been described as a "sister show" to RuPaul's Drag Race UK. It is aired on BBC Three in the United Kingdom and on WOW Presents Plus internationally.

Danny Beard
Daniel Curtis (born 27 May 1992), known professionally as Danny Beard, is a British drag performer and singer, who appeared on Britain's Got Talent and Karaoke Club: Drag Edition and won the fourth series of RuPaul's Drag Race UK.
The Cheerful Cherub
The Cheerful Cherub is an American single-panel 
newspaper comic written and drawn by Rebecca McCann, originally published in the Chicago Evening Post and syndicated by George Matthew Adams. Every installation features the title character, accompanied by his pet dog, speaking a short poem, generally in an iambic meter, offering wisdom, wit, observation, or insight on sundry topics, such as ambition, education, friendship, lies, sin, and work.

Iamb (poetry)
An iamb (/ˈaɪæm/ EYE-am) or iambus is a metrical foot used in various types of poetry. Originally the term referred to one of the feet of the quantitative meter of classical Greek prosody: a short syllable followed by a long syllable (as in καλή (kalḗ) "beautiful (f.)").  This terminology was adopted in the description of accentual-syllabic verse in English, where it refers to a foot comprising an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (as in abóve). Thus a Latin word like íbī, because of its short-long rhythm, is considered by Latin scholars to be an iamb, but because it has a stress on the first syllable, in modern linguistics it is considered to be a trochee.
Piketberg
Piketberg (also sometimes spelt Piquetberg in the past) is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa, located about 80 km east of Saldanha Bay.  The original spelling of the name was "Piquetberg". The town is in the foothills of the Piketberg mountains, a range of low mountains formed from Table Mountain Sandstone.

The area around the mountains is conducive to the farming of wheat, while the area on top of the Piketberg Mountains range (called Piket-Bo-Berg), being cooler and generally frost-free, is suited to the farming of fruit and Rooibos Tea.  Piketberg has a large Dutch Reformed Church designed by the architect Carl Otto Hager in his trademark neo-Gothic style.

Rooibos
Rooibos (/ˈrɔɪbɒs/ ROY-boss; Afrikaans: [ˈroːibɔs] ⓘ, lit. 'red bush'), or Aspalathus linearis, is a broom-like member of the plant family Fabaceae that grows in South Africa's Fynbos biome. The leaves are used to make a caffeine-free herbal infusion  that has been popular in Southern Africa for generations. Since the 2000s, rooibos has gained popularity internationally, with an earthy flavour and aroma that is similar to those of yerba mate or tobacco.

Outside of Southern Africa, it is called bush tea, red tea, or redbush tea (predominantly in Great Britain). The name rooibos is Afrikaans deriving from rooi bos, meaning 'red bush'. The name is protected in South Africa and has protected designation of origin status in the EU.

Rooibos was formerly classified in the genus Psoralea but is now thought to be part of Aspalathus, following Dahlgren (1980). The specific name of linearis, for the plant's linear growing structure and needle-like leaves, was given by Burman (1759).
MVA Asia
MVA is a transportation, planning and management consultant established in Asia in 1978. Headquartered in Hong Kong, it operates in Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Thailand, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. It is part of the SYSTRA group.

Its head office is in the Genesis Building in Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong Island.

Tai Kwun
22°16′53″N 114°09′14″E﻿ / ﻿22.2813°N 114.1540°E﻿ / 22.2813; 114.1540

Tai Kwun, or the Former Central Police Station Compound (CPS Compound) includes three declared monuments in Central, Hong Kong: the former Central Police Station, the Former Central Magistracy, and the Victoria Prison. Surrounded by Hollywood Road, Arbuthnot Road, Chancery Lane, and Old Bailey Street, the compound underwent a heritage revitalisation and reopened to the public on 29 May 2018 as Tai Kwun (Chinese: 大館), a centre for heritage and arts.
Furber
Furber is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Furber (born 1987), Canadian actor

Aurilla Furber (1847–1898), American poet, writer, editor, activist

Darcy Furber (born 1972), Canadian politician

Douglas Furber (1885–1961), British lyricist and playwright

Edward Price Furber (1864–1940), British obstetrician and surgeon

Holden Furber (1903–1993), American professor

Joseph W. Furber (1814–1884), American politician

Mike Furber (1948–1973), English-born entertainer

Robert Furber (1674–1756), British horticulturist and author

Steve Furber (born 1953), British professor

William H. Furber (1828–1912), American politician

Holden Furber
Holden Furber (13 March 1903 – 19 January 1993) was a professor of South Asia Studies at the University of Pennsylvania from 1952 till 1973. He was the twenty-first president of the Association for Asian Studies and a scholar who specialized in the history of India during the time of the British Raj.
Cougar Softball Stadium
Cougar Softball Stadium, formerly known as Cougar Softball Field and Cougar Softball Complex, is the home field for the Houston Cougars softball team located on the campus of the University of Houston in Houston, Texas.  Following the majority of the Cougars' inaugural season in 2001, Cougar Softball Stadium was dedicated 5 May 2001.  The first game in the stadium was also played that day against the UAB Blazers.  While the stadium was playable, it was not fully completed until the next season.  The stadium hosted the 2008 Conference USA Softball Championship.

UAB Blazers
The UAB Blazers are the varsity intercollegiate athletic programs that represent the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). The school is one of the fourteen member institutions of the American Athletic Conference and participates in Division I of the NCAA. The school's men's basketball team plays in 8,508-seat Bartow Arena. The Blazers' colors are green and gold. The men's basketball program has a long history of success spanning several decades.

On October 21, 2021, UAB was one of six Conference USA members announced as incoming members of The American on July 1, 2023.
Katherine Legge
Katherine Anne Legge (/ˈlɛɡ/ LEG; born 12 July 1980) is a British professional auto racing driver who has competed in the highest levels of global motorsport, including NASCAR, IndyCar Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship. She holds the record for the fastest qualifying effort for a woman in Indianapolis 500 history, set in 2023, and became the first woman to win a major open-wheel race in North America in 2005. In NASCAR, Legge is the most recent — and first since Danica Patrick’s retirement in 2018 — woman to start a NASCAR Cup Series race.

Legge is represented by BRANDed Management and long-time talent manager Klint Briney, who also oversaw the career of nine-time Indy 500 starter Sarah Fisher.

Dale Coyne Racing
Dale Coyne Racing (DCR) is an American professional open-wheel racing team that currently competes in the IndyCar Series and Indy NXT. The team was founded in 1984 and is owned by former driver Dale Coyne. From 1995 to 2000, the team was known as Payton-Coyne Racing, reflecting a partnership with Chicago Bears great Walter Payton. After the 1988 season, Coyne stepped out of the cockpit and turned his talents to the tutelage of several up-and-coming drivers. Once known for competing on budgets far smaller than most of their competitors, the team earned its maiden victory after 25 years at Watkins Glen International in July 2009 with Justin Wilson.
Castelnau, London
Castelnau (/ˈkɑːsəlnaʊ/) is a road in Barnes, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, southwest London, approximately 5.1 miles (8.2 km) west from Charing Cross on the south side of the River Thames.

About 1.1 miles (1.8 km) long, it is the main road south from Hammersmith Bridge and forms part of the A306 road. It was originally named Upper Bridge Road. The name Castelnau is also used informally for Castelnau Estate and the area surrounding the road. It joins Church Road at is southern end, which then runs westwards beside Barnes Green until it meets Barnes High Street.

An area of Barnes including Castelnau was designated a conservation area in 1977.

Parks, open spaces and nature reserves in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Richmond upon Thames in the south west of Greater London has more parks, open spaces and nature reserves than any other London borough.

These include:

Kew Gardens

three Royal Parks – Richmond Park (which includes the Isabella Plantation), Bushy Park (which includes the Upper Lodge Water Gardens)  and Hampton Court Park

English Heritage's Marble Hill Park in Twickenham

Thames Water's Sunnyside Reservoir

The WWT London Wetland Centre

There are over 100 parks and open spaces within the borough's boundary and 21 miles of river frontage. Many of the open spaces were village greens.

The main  parks and open spaces managed by Richmond upon Thames Borough Council are:
Westermark sign
In chest radiography, the Westermark sign is a sign that represents a focus of oligemia (hypovolemia) (leading to collapse of vessel) seen distal to a pulmonary embolism (PE). While the chest x-ray is normal in the majority of PE cases, the Westermark sign is seen in 2% of patients.

Essentially, this is a plain X-ray version of a filling defect as seen on computed tomography pulmonary arteriogram.

The sign results from a combination of:

the dilation of the pulmonary arteries proximal to the embolus and

the collapse of the distal vasculature creating the appearance of a sharp cut off on chest radiography.

Chest radiograph
A chest radiograph, chest X-ray (CXR), or  chest film is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures. Chest radiographs are the most common film taken in medicine.

Like all methods of radiography, chest radiography employs ionizing radiation in the form of X-rays to generate images of the chest. The mean radiation dose to an adult from a chest radiograph is around 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) for a front view (PA, or posteroanterior) and 0.08 mSv (8 mrem) for a side view (LL, or latero-lateral). Together, this corresponds to a background radiation equivalent time of about 10 days.
Twin Cobra
Twin Cobra, known as Kyukyoku Tiger in Japan, is a vertically scrolling shooter developed by Toaplan and released for arcades in 1987 by Taito in Japan and Europe, then in North America by Romstar. It is a sequel to the 1985 arcade game Tiger-Heli. Controlling the titular attack helicopter, the players must fight endless waves of military vehicles while avoiding collision with their projectiles and other obstacles. It was the fourth shoot 'em up game from Toaplan, and their tenth video game overall. It was ported to multiple platforms, with each done by different third-party developers that made several changes or additions.

Twin Cobra was a success for Toaplan, garnering positive reception from western critics and earning several awards from Gamest. The game was met with mixed response from magazines, specifically the home versions. In 1995, the sequel Twin Cobra II was released. The rights to the game are owned by Tatsujin, a Japanese company formed by Masahiro Yuge.

Porting
In software development, porting is the process of adapting software to run in a different context. Often it involves modifying source code so that a program can run on a different platform (i.e. on a different CPU or operating system) or in a different environment (i.e. with a different library or framework). It also describes adapting a change or feature from one codebase to another – even between different versions of the same software.

Software is classified as portable if it can be hosted in a different context with no change to the source code. It might be considered portable if the cost of adapting it to a context is significantly less than the cost of writing it from scratch. The lower the cost of porting relative to the cost to re-write, the more portable it is said to be. The effort depends on several factors including the extent to which the original context differs from the new context, the skill of the programmers, and the portability of the codebase.
Brian Bixler
Brian Joseph Bixler (born October 22, 1982) is an American former professional baseball shortstop and outfielder. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Nationals and Houston Astros as well as for the United States national baseball team.

On-base plus slugging
On-base plus slugging (OPS) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player's on-base percentage and slugging percentage. The ability of a player both to get on base and to hit for power, two important offensive skills, are represented. An OPS of .800 or higher in Major League Baseball puts the player in the upper echelon of hitters. Typically, the league leader in OPS will score near, and sometimes above, the 1.000 mark.
Peter Gorley
Peter Gorley (born 10 July 1951) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Cumbria, and at club level for Workington Town, St. Helens and Whitehaven, as a second-row.

Central Park (Wigan)
Central Park was a rugby league stadium in Wigan, England, which was the home of Wigan RLFC before the club moved to the JJB Stadium in 1999. Its final capacity was 18,000. The site is now a Tesco supermarket and car park.
Windows Messenger
Windows Messenger is a discontinued instant messaging client included in Windows XP. Designed for use by both corporate and home users, it was originally created, in 2001, as a streamlined and integrated version of MSN Messenger. It was upgraded several times when it was made available for Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003. Since then, its development stopped. It was superseded by Windows Live Messenger and Microsoft Lync.

Abandonware
Abandonware is a term for software, typically computer or video games, that are no longer for sale by conventional means, or supported by the creator. In many cases the abandoned software was distributed by websites, such as warez, for free. The use of the "abandonware" term is controversial, as distributing out of print software and games is still considered software piracy, and their copyright is not actually abandoned. Some publishers actively file Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedowns of abandonware and defend its copyright, while others do not. Meanwhile, some video game historians believe that this distribution is justified to preserve history given the lack of viable alternatives.
Oshiroi
Oshiroi (白粉) is a powder foundation traditionally used by kabuki actors, geisha, and their apprentices. The word is written with kanji meaning "white powder", and is pronounced as the word for white (shiroi) with the honorific prefix o-.

When worn by geisha and maiko, oshiroi is notable for only partially covering the nape of the neck, as an uncovered nape was traditionally considered erotic in Japanese culture.

Honorific speech in Japanese
The Japanese language has a system of honorific speech, referred to as keigo (Japanese: 敬（けい）語（ご）; literally "respectful language"), parts of speech one function of which is to show that the speaker wants to convey respect for either the listener or someone mentioned in the utterance.  Their use is widely seen in a variety of business or formal social situations.  Honorifics in Japanese can also be used to show unfamiliarity (social distance), or they can be used to show that the speaker is cultured and sophisticated enough to have mastered the ins and outs of the system. Japanese honorific titles, often simply called honorifics, consist of suffixes and prefixes when referring to others in a conversation.

The system is very extensive, having its own special vocabulary and grammatical forms to express various levels of respectful, humble, and polite speech. It closely resembles other honorifics systems found in the East Asian cultural sphere, such as honorifics in Korean.
BUA Foods
BUA Foods plc is a Nigerian company based in Lagos. It is part of the BUA conglomerate. Its business activities include the production, processing and distribution of food products through its sugar, flour, pasta, rice and edible oils divisions. The sugar division includes the production, processing, refining and distribution of raw sugar and its by-products. The rice division has a rice mill with a capacity of over 200,000 tons per year. The edible oils division specializes in the conversion of crude palm oil into oil products, including palm oil, stearin and distilled fatty acids.

The company is listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and is part of the NSE index of the same name. With a market cap of 2.6 billion US$ in 2022, it is one of the most valuable companies in Nigeria.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Lionel Robbins
Lionel Charles Robbins, Baron Robbins, CH, CB, FBA (22 November 1898 – 15 May 1984) was a British economist, and prominent member of the economics department at the London School of Economics (LSE). He is known for his leadership at LSE, his proposed definition of economics, and for his instrumental efforts in shifting Anglo-Saxon economics from its Marshallian direction. He is famous for the quote, "Humans want what they can't have."

Anglo-Saxon model
The Anglo-Saxon model (so called because it is practiced in Anglosphere countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Ireland) is a regulated market-based economic model that emerged in the 1970s.

Based on the Chicago school of economics, it was spearheaded in the 1980s in the United States by the economics of then President Ronald Reagan (dubbed Reaganomics), and reinforced in the United Kingdom by then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (dubbed Thatcherism).

Characteristics of this model include low levels of regulation and taxation, with the public sector providing minimal services. It emphasises strong private property rights, contract enforcement, and overall ease of doing business as well as low barriers to free trade.
2016 World Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament 2
The 2016 World Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament 2 was the second of two worldwide qualification tournaments for the 2016 Olympics. Competitors at this tournament failed to qualify for the Olympics at the 2015 World Wrestling Championships, at their respective regional qualifier, or at the 2016 World Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament 1.  The top two competitors in each weight class qualified.

It was held between 6–8 May 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey.

2015 World Wrestling Championships
The 2015 UWW World Wrestling Championships were the 12th edition of World Wrestling Championships of combined events and was held from September 7 to 12 at Orleans Arena in Paradise, Nevada, in the Las Vegas Valley, United States.