hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
AMVETS
American Veterans (AMVETS) is a non-partisan, volunteer-led organization formed by World War II veterans of the United States military. It advocates for its members as well as for causes that its members deem helpful to the nation at large. The group holds a Federal charter under Title 36 of the United States Code. It is a 501(c)19 organization.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Cecil Clay
Cecil Clay (February 13, 1842 – September 23, 1903) was captain of Company K in the 58th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He performed gallantly while wounded, earning the Medal of Honor for his actions during the assault and capture of Fort Harrison, Virginia in the Confederate defenses of Richmond, Virginia, on September 29, 1864. He was later chief clerk of the United States Department of Justice.

Richmond, Virginia, in the American Civil War
Richmond, Virginia, served as the capital of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War from May 1861 to April 1865. Besides its political status, it was a vital source of weapons and supplies for the war effort, as well as the terminus of five railroads; as such, it would have been defended by the Confederate States Army at all costs.

The Union made many attempts to invade Richmond. In the Peninsula Campaign of 1862, General George McClellan moved up the James River, almost to the suburbs of the city, but was beaten back by Robert E. Lee in the Seven Days Battles. In 1864–65, General Ulysses S. Grant laid siege to nearby Petersburg. By April 1865, the Confederate government realized the siege was almost over and abandoned the city lest they be captured. The retreating Confederates chose to burn military supplies rather than let them fall into Union hands; the resulting fire destroyed much of central Richmond.
Charlotte Parish, Prince Edward Island
Charlotte Parish was created as a civil parish in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, during the 1764–1766 survey of Samuel Holland.

It contains the following townships:

Lot 24

Lot 32

Lot 33

Lot 34

It also contains Queens Royalty.

Queens County, Prince Edward Island
Queens County is a county in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is the largest county in the province by population with 89,770 (2021) and land. Charlottetown is the county seat of Queens County, and is the largest city and the capital of Prince Edward Island.
Symphony No. 3 (MacMillan)
The Symphony No. 3 (also known as Symphony No. 3 "Silence") is the third symphony by the Scottish composer James MacMillan.  The piece was first performed on April 17, 2003 in NHK Hall, Tokyo, by the NHK Symphony Orchestra under the conductor Charles Dutoit.

NHK Hall
The NHK Hall is a concert hall located at the NHK Broadcasting Center, the main headquarters of Japan's public broadcaster NHK. The hall is the main venue for the NHK Symphony Orchestra, but it has also played host to other events, such as the 1979 Japan Music Awards and NHK's annual New Year's Eve special Kōhaku Uta Gassen.
Aleric Abeygunawardena
Aleric Lanty Abeygunawardena (1905-1998) was a Sri Lankan Inspector General Police (IGP) (1967–1970).

Abeygunawardena had his Primary and Secondary Education at Richmond College, Galle before he entered to S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia and joined the Ceylon Police Force on 28 September 1931 as a Sub-Inspector of Police. In May 1950 he was promoted to Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) and served as ASP Galle and ASP Kalutara.

On 8 July 1967 he was appointed as the Inspector General Police, succeeding John Attygalle following his retirement, and served in that position until 13 September 1970.

Abeygunawardena then served as an Additional Secretary of the Ministry of External Affairs and Defence during the 1971 JVP Insurrection, leading the investigation into the insurrection.

He married Kate de Fonseka and they had four daughters.

Assistant superintendent
Assistant superintendent, or assistant superintendent of police (ASP), is a rank that was used by police forces in the British Empire and is still used in many police forces in the Commonwealth. It was usually the lowest rank that could be held by a European officer, most of whom joined the police at this rank. In the 20th century, it was in many territories opened to non-Europeans as well.
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
The Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on sol-gel materials. Recent findings on new products developed via chemical nanotechnology are also included.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology has a 2023 impact factor of 2.3. It is the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society.

Sol–gel process
In materials science, the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. The method is used for the fabrication of metal oxides, especially the oxides of silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti). The process involves conversion of monomers in solution into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precursor for an integrated network (or gel) of either discrete particles or network polymers. Typical precursors are metal alkoxides. Sol–gel process is used to produce ceramic nanoparticles.
Table tennis at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's individual – Class 1–2
The Women's Singles 1-2 table tennis competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held from 18 to 21 September at the Galatsi Olympic Hall.

Classes 1-5 were for athletes with a physical impairment that affected their legs, who competed in a sitting position. The lower the number, the greater the impact the impairment was on an athlete's ability to compete.

The event was won by Isabelle Lafaye Marziou, representing  France.

Isabelle Lafaye Marziou
Isabelle Lafaye Marziou (born 9 July 1963) is a French para table tennis player who plays in international level in both singles and team events. Lafaye is a four time Paralympic champion and World champion and is a seven time European champion in para table tennis. She is married to sports photographer Gaël Marziou.
Sanctuary of Vicoforte
The Santuario di Vicoforte (also known as Santuario Regina Montis Regalis) is a monumental church located in the commune of Vicoforte, province of Cuneo, Piedmont, northern Italy. It is known for having the largest elliptical cupola in the world.

Province of Cuneo
The province of Cuneo (Italian: provincia di Cuneo; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Coni) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. To the west, it borders the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Hautes-Alpes), to the north the Metropolitan City of Turin, to the east the province of Asti and to the south the Ligurian provinces of Savona and Imperia. It is also known as la Provincia Granda (Piedmontese for 'The Big Province'), because it is the largest province in Piedmont and the fourth-largest in Italy (following Sassari, South Tyrol and Foggia). Briga Marittima and Tenda were part of this province before their cession to France in 1947.
Afektiven Naboj
Afektiven Naboj (Macedonian: Афективен Набој) was one of the two punk rock bands (the other being Filter) formed in 1979 by the guitar player Klime Kovaceski and Goran Trajkoski, now an eminent musician from North Macedonia, who rose to international prominence as a frontman of the group Anastasia featured on the soundtrack album for the Academy Award-nominated Milčo Mančevski's film Before the Rain.

Before the Rain (1994 film)
Before the Rain (Macedonian: Пред дождот, romanized: Pred doždot) is a 1994 Macedonian war film written and directed by Milcho Manchevski, starring Katrin Cartlidge, Rade Šerbedžija, Grégoire Colin and Labina Mitevska. Photographed by Manuel Teran, edited by Nicolas Guster and featuring an original score by Macedonian band Anastasia, the film received critical acclaim. It was the first film made in North Macedonia following its independence.
AeroCube-3
AeroCube-3 is a single-unit CubeSat which was built and is being operated by The Aerospace Corporation, at El Segundo, California. It is the third AeroCube picosatellite, following on from AeroCube-1, which was lost in a launch failure in 2006, and AeroCube-2 which was successfully launched in 2007 but failed immediately after launch. Compared to its predecessors it contains several improvements in its infrastructure, including a redesigned power system, replacing the older system which was responsible for the loss of AeroCube-2. Its development was funded by the United States Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, at Los Angeles Air Force Base.

Los Angeles Air Force Base
Los Angeles Air Force Base (LAAFB) is a United States Space Force base located in El Segundo, California.  Los Angeles Air Force Base houses and supports the headquarters of the Space Systems Command field command of the United States Space Force, which was established on August 13, 2021. The center manages research, development and acquisition of military space systems.
What About Next Year
"What About Next Year" is the eighth television play episode of the first season of the Australian anthology television series Australian Playhouse. "What About Next Year" was written by Richard Lane and directed by Patrick Barton and originally aired on ABC on 6 June 1966 in Melbourne and Sydney

Richard Lane (writer)
Richard Hamilton Lane  (18 January 1918 – 20 February 2008) was an Australian writer (dramatist and playwright) known particularly for his skillful adaptation of plays and films for radio. He is often called the father of Australian radio drama. His career spanned more than 60 years, and he is recognised not only for his writing achievements but for his contribution to the Australian Writers' Guild. He also wrote for television, and was described after his death as "luminary of the Australian radio and television industries".
Léandre Lacroix
Léandre Lacroix (1 January 1859 – 28 March 1935) was a Luxembourgish politician and jurist.  He served as the Mayor of Luxembourg City between 1914 and 1918.  He was chosen by Grand Duchess Marie-Adelaide over his socialist rival Luc Housse, who would eventually succeed him in 1918.

Rue Léandre Lacroix is a street in Limpertsberg, Luxembourg City, named after him.

Monarchy of Luxembourg
The monarchy of Luxembourg is the institution headed by the grand duke of Luxembourg, who is the head of state of the country.  Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was created from territory of the former Duchy of Luxembourg.  It was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890 under the House of Orange-Nassau. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign grand duchy, and since 1815 there have been ten monarchs, including the incumbent, Guillaume V.
Chakarov Island
Chakarov Island (Bulgarian: Чакъров остров, romanized: Chakarov ostrov, IPA: [t͡ʃɐˈkɤrof ˈɔstrof]) is the ice-covered island 2.18 km long in southwest–northeast direction and 600 m wide in the Barcroft group of Biscoe Islands. Its surface area is 92 ha.

The feature is named after Danail Chakarov, Director of the International and EU Law Directorate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria responsible for Antarctica and member of the Antarctic Place-names Commission since 2013.

Biscoe Islands
Biscoe Islands is a series of islands, of which the principal ones are Renaud, Lavoisier (named Serrano by Chile and Mitre by Argentina), Watkins, Krogh, Pickwick and Rabot, lying parallel to the west coast of Graham Land and extending 150 km (81 nmi) between Southwind Passage on the northeast and Matha Strait on the southwest. Another group of islands are the Adolph Islands.

The islands are named for John Biscoe, the commander of an English expedition which explored the islands in March 1832.
Fred Mutuweta
Fredrick Muteweta (born 4 November 1971, in Kampala) is a retired boxer from Uganda, who represented his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea in the light-flyweight class. There he was defeated in the second round by Wayne McCullough of Ireland. In the bantamweight class at the 1992 Summer Olympics, he was once again defeated in his opening bout, once again by Wayne McCullough.

He also represented Uganda at the 1991 All-Africa Games, winning a gold medal as a bantamweight and at the 1994 Commonwealth Games, winning a bronze medal in the bantamweight category.

Muteweta made his professional debut in 1996, and retired after ten professional bouts, losing five and winning five.

1994 Commonwealth Games
The 1994 Commonwealth Games (French: XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth) were held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, between 18 and 28 August 1994. It was the 15th Commonwealth Games. These were the fourth and most recent Commonwealth Games to be hosted by Canada, after Hamilton 1930, Vancouver 1954, and Edmonton 1978.

The Games featured ten sports: athletics, aquatics (diving and swimming), badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting and wrestling. Judo which had replaced wrestling in 1990 was dropped in favour of wrestling returning, the latter being dropped from the Games for the first time in 1990.
Yasmin Neal
Yasmin Mikila Neal (born February 10, 1985) is an American politician serving in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 79th district since 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously represented the 75th district from 2011 to 2013 and the 74th district from 2021 to 2023.

Neal attracted national attention in February 2012 when she introduced HB 1116, a bill that would have banned vasectomies in Georgia except to prevent death or serious bodily harm, as a satirical response to a Republican-backed bill restricting abortion after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Paint sealant
A paint sealant is a sealant that protects cars from ultraviolet rays and acid rain. Paint sealants protect cars' finishes, and can make cars shiny. There are synthetic sealants and carnauba waxes.

Salt may be a factor that many protective sealants do not defend against, and thus salt water may break down protective layers to get at the metal and corrode it.

Paint sealant works by filling into the pores and irregular surface of the body thereby creating a smooth finish on top. The way it helps is it denies a sticking surface to foreign substance and they come off the car easily without further damaging the car surface.

Carnauba wax
Carnauba (/kɑːrˈnɔːbə, -ˈnaʊ-, -ˈnuː-, -nɑːˈuː-/; Portuguese: carnaúba [kaʁnaˈubɐ]), also called Brazil wax and palm wax, is a wax of the leaves of the carnauba palm Copernicia prunifera (synonym: Copernicia cerifera), a plant native to and grown only in the northeastern Brazilian states of Ceará, Piauí, Paraíba, Pernambuco,  Rio Grande do Norte, Maranhão and Bahia. It is known as the "Queen of Waxes". In its pure state, it is usually available in the form of hard yellow-brown flakes. It is obtained by collecting and drying the leaves, beating them to loosen the wax, then refining and bleaching it.
As a food additive, its E number is E903.
1956–57 Landsdelsserien
The 1956–57 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.

The league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; Østland/Søndre, Østland/Nordre, Sørland/Vestre and Møre/Trøndelag. The two group winners in the Østland districts, Eik and Raufoss promoted directly to the 1957–58 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. Brann and Molde won the play-offs and were promoted.

Stavanger IF Fotball
Stavanger IF Fotball, the football division of Stavanger Idrettsforening, is a football club from Stavanger, Norway. In Rogaland, they are colloquially called Sif or Stavanger.

SIF reached the semi-finals of the Norwegian Football Cup in 1912, 1914, 1929 and 1930. Its latest stint in the First Division, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, was in 2009. The club is currently playing in 5. divisjon, the sixth tier of Norwegian football.
Oleum, California
Oleum was an unincorporated community in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located between the unincorporated town of Rodeo and Tormey. It was a small company town, with housing for Union Oil company workers, hence the name, derived from "petroleum". The refinery still exists. The site is located on the Mexican land grant Rancho El Pinole made to Ygnacio Martinez. A post office operated at Oleum from 1910 to 1951.

Company town
A company town is a place where all or most of the stores and housing in the town are owned by the same company that is also the main employer. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, houses of worship, schools, markets, and recreation facilities.

Some company towns were established to improve living conditions for workers, but many have been regarded as controlling and/or exploitative. Others were not planned, such as Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, United States, one of the oldest, which began as a Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company mining camp and mine site nine miles (14 km) from the nearest outside road.
Listed buildings in Perton
Perton is a civil parish in the district of South Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England. It contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Perton and an area to the northwest.  The major building in the parish is Wrottesley Hall, which is listed, together with associated structures.  The other listed buildings include a farmhouse, a cottage, a barn, a dovecote, and a milepost.

South Staffordshire
South Staffordshire is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. Its council is based in Codsall. Other notable settlements include Brewood, Cheslyn Hay, Coven, Essington, Featherstone, Four Ashes, Great Wyrley, Huntington, Kinver, Landywood, Penkridge, Perton, Wedges Mills, Weston-under-Lizard and Wombourne. The district covers a largely rural area lying immediately to the west and north-west of the West Midlands conurbation.

The neighbouring districts are Stafford, Cannock Chase, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Dudley, Bromsgrove, Wyre Forest, Shropshire and Telford and Wrekin.
Belgium–France border
The Belgium–France border, or more commonly the Franco-Belgian border, separates France and Belgium and is 620 km (390 mi) long. Part of it is defined by the Lys river. The western end is at the North Sea (51°5′22″N 2°32′43″E﻿ / ﻿51.08944°N 2.54528°E﻿ / 51.08944; 2.54528 near De Panne and Bray-Dunes). The eastern end is at the Belgium–France–Luxembourg tripoint (at 49°32′46″N 5°49′5″E﻿ / ﻿49.54611°N 5.81806°E﻿ / 49.54611; 5.81806 near Athus and Mont-Saint-Martin). The straight distance between these points is 289 km (180 mi).

Since 1995, Belgium and France have been parts of the Schengen Area. This means there are no permanent border controls at this border, but there have been temporary controls.

Mont-Saint-Martin, Meurthe-et-Moselle
Mont-Saint-Martin (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃] ⓘ; German: Martinsberg; Luxembourgish: Mäertesbierg) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France. It is part of the urban area of Longwy.
Beatrice of Montferrat
Beatrice of Montferrat (c.1210 – 1274) was an Italian noblewoman, the eldest daughter of William VI, Marquess of Montferrat, and the third wife of Guigues VI of Viennois, by whom she had two sons. According to the vida of the troubadour Gauseran de Saint-Leidier, Beatrice was the domna (lady), whom he allegedly loved. He celebrated his idealised devotion to her in his cansos.

Vida (Occitan literary form)
Vida (Old Occitan: [ˈvida]) is the usual term for a brief prose biography, written in Old Occitan, of a troubadour or trobairitz.

The word vida means "life" in Occitan languages; they are short prose biographies of the troubadours, and they are found in some chansonniers, along with the works of the author they describe. Vidas are notoriously unreliable: Mouzat, while complaining that some scholars still believe them, says they represent the authors as "ridiculous bohemians, and picaresque heroes"; Alfred Jeanroy calls them "the ancestors of modern novels". Most often, they are not based on independent sources, and their information is deduced from literal readings of the poems details. Most of the vidas were composed in Italy, many by Uc de Saint Circ.

Additionally, some individual poems are accompanied by razos, explanations of the circumstances in which the poem was composed.
Richard Wilson (stage actor)
Richard Wilson (1744–1796) was an English stage actor. He was born in Durham. After featuring in provincial theatre in Northern England and Scotland he appeared as King Lear at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh in 1772, gaining a reputation thereafter for performing in comedies. In 1775 he joined the company of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London and performed there and at the Haymarket on and off for the remainder of his career. In 1795 he was imprisoned for debt at the King's Bench Prison in Southwark and died the following year. His wife was the actress Sarah Maria Wilson.

Thomas Holcroft
Thomas Holcroft (10 December 1745 – 23 March 1809) was an English dramatist, miscellanist, poet, novelist and translator. He was sympathetic to the early ideas of the French Revolution and helped Thomas Paine to publish the first part of The Rights of Man.
Danger—Human
Danger—Human is a collection of science fiction stories by Gordon R. Dickson.  It was first published by Doubleday in 1970.  It was subsequently published by DAW Books, in 1973, as The Book of Gordon Dickson.  The stories originally appeared in the magazines Astounding, Analog Science Fiction and Fact, If, Galaxy Science Fiction and Fantasy and Science Fiction.

If (magazine)
If was an American science fiction magazine launched in March 1952 by Quinn Publications, owned by James L. Quinn.

The magazine was moderately successful, though for most of its run it was not considered to be in the first tier of American science fiction magazines. It achieved its greatest success under editor Frederik Pohl, winning the Hugo Award for best professional magazine three years running from 1966 to 1968. If published many award-winning stories over its 22 years, including Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress and Harlan Ellison's short story "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream". The most prominent writer to make his first sale to If was Larry Niven, whose story "The Coldest Place" appeared in the December 1964 issue.

If was merged into Galaxy Science Fiction after the December 1974 issue, its 175th issue overall.