hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve (i.e. ischemia). Ischemic forms of optic neuropathy are typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic nerve that is affected.  People affected will often complain of a loss of visual acuity and a visual field, the latter of which is usually in the superior or inferior field.

When ION occurs in patients below the age of 50 years old, other causes should be considered, such as juvenile diabetes mellitus, antiphospholipid antibody-associated clotting disorders, collagen-vascular disease, and migraines.  Rarely, complications of intraocular surgery or acute blood loss may cause an ischemic event in the optic nerve.

Coagulopathy
Coagulopathy (also called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood's ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired. This condition can cause a tendency toward prolonged or excessive bleeding (bleeding diathesis), which may occur spontaneously or following an injury or medical and dental procedures.

Coagulopathies are sometimes erroneously referred to as "clotting disorders", but a clotting disorder is the opposite, defined as a predisposition to excessive clot formation (thrombus), also known as a hypercoagulable state or thrombophilia.
ST1M
ST1M (a.k.a. Billy Milligan) (real name Nikita Legostev, Russian: Никита Сергеевич Легостев) is a Russian rapper from Tolyatti, Russia. He was the winner of the Hip-hop.ru Awards 2013 in nominations: "Best music video", "Performer of the year", "Opening of the year" (as Billy Milligan).

Born November 4, 1986. Since 2005 participated in the group "Подземный переход" (Underground crossing). In 2005 he won in the Internet-battle on Hip-hop.ru  when he entered the TOP-10 Russian MC's of the 2005.

At 2007 he negotiated the contract with Seryoga and recorded his first scandalous album "Я - Рэп" (I`m Rap). But his subsequent singles were more soft and lyrical, in which he was trying to form his new image.

Tolyatti
Tolyatti or Togliatti, known before 1964 as Stavropol, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the largest city in Russia which is neither the administrative center of a federal subject, nor the largest city of a subject. Population: 684,709 (2021 census); 719,632 (2010 census); 702,879 (2002 census); 630,543 (1989 Soviet census).

The city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada). For this reason, Tolyatti is often dubbed "Russia's motor city" or "Russia's Motown" (in reference to Detroit in the United States—the spiritual home of the American automotive industry). It was renamed after Italian communist politician Palmiro Togliatti in 1964, upon his death in the Soviet Union.
Running Free (film)
Running Free is a 2000 adventure drama film about a horse born into captivity in 1914. The film began production in 1998 and was released in the US in June 2000. It was directed by Sergei Bodrov, written and produced by Jean-Jacques Annaud, narrated by Lukas Haas, and distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Captivity (animal)
Animal captivity is the confinement of domestic and wild animals. More specifically, animals that are held by humans and prevented from escaping are said to be in captivity. The term animal captivity is usually applied to wild animals that are held in confinement, but this term may also be used generally to describe the keeping of domesticated animals such as livestock or pets. This may include, for example, animals in farms, private homes, zoos, aquariums, public aquariums and laboratories. Animal captivity may be categorized according to the particular motives, objectives, and conditions of the confinement.
Ise-Shima
The Ise-Shima (伊勢志摩) region of Japan, also called the Shima Peninsula (志摩半島, Shima-hantō), refers to the areas of eastern Mie Prefecture in or around Ise-Shima National Park, which include the cities Ise, Toba, Shima, and parts of the town of Minami-Ise.  The area thrives on tourism, with many resort hotels and beaches in the area. Ise-Shima is also famed for fresh seafood, particular oysters.

The peninsula extends out into the Pacific Ocean, and unlike the factory-dotted coast of Ise Bay, the main industry is seafood and marine products, particularly pearl cultivation.

Cultured pearl
Cultured pearls are pearls which are formed within a cultured pearl sac with human intervention in the interior of productive living molluscs in a variety of conditions depending upon the mollusc and the goals. Having the same material as natural pearls, cultured pearls can be cultivated in seawater or freshwater bodies. Over 95% of the pearls available on the market are cultured pearls.
Kaldoaivi Wilderness Area
The Kaldoaivi Wilderness Area (Finnish: Kaldoaivin erämaa; Northern Sami: Gálddoaivvi meahcceguovlu) is the largest wilderness reserve in Finland, located in the municipalities of Utsjoki and Inari in Lapland. It was established in 1991 like all the other 11 wilderness areas in Lapland. Its area is 2,924 square kilometres (1,129 mi2). The large area of roadless wilderness continues outside the borders of Finland and the official area to Norway. It is governed by the Metsähallitus.

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
6 nimmt!
6 nimmt! / Take 5 / Beat the Heat is a card game for 2–10 players designed by Wolfgang Kramer in 1994 and published by Amigo Spiele and Hasbro . The French version is distributed by Gigamic. This game received the Deutscher Spiele Preis award in 1994.

Gigamic
Gigamic is a French publisher and distributor of games started up by three brothers. 
Gigamic started in 1991 by three of six brothers named Stéphane Gires, Ludovic Gires and Jean-Christophe Gires. Since 2001, Gigamic has operated a distribution center in France.
Cosmicolor
Cosmicolor is the fifth studio album by Japanese hip-hop group M-Flo. Two singles preceded the release of the album: "Summer Time Love" featuring Emi Hinouchi & Ryohei was released on June 28, 2006, and "Love Song" featuring Bonnie Pink was released on November 8, 2006. The full album was made available via Rhythm Zone on March 28, 2007.

Commercially, Cosmicolor experienced success in Japan, peaking at number three on the weekly Oricon Albums Chart and was certified platinum by the RIAJ for physical shipments of over 250,000 units within a month of its release.

Japanese hip-hop
Japanese hip hop is hip hop music from Japan. It began in the early 1980s with Yellow Magic Orchestra and Hiroshi Fujiwara. Japanese hip hop tends to be most directly influenced by old school hip hop, taking from the era's catchy beats, dance culture and overall fun and carefree nature and incorporating it into their music. As a result, hip hop stands as one of the most commercially viable mainstream music genres in Japan and the line between it and pop music is frequently blurred.
Turkish Cycling Federation
The Turkish Cycling Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Bisiklet Federasyonu, TBF)  is the national governing body of cycle racing in Turkey. Founded in 1923, its headquarters is located in Ulus quarter of Ankara. Current president of TBF is Emin Müftüoğlu.

The TBF is a member of the UCI and the UEC.

Union Européenne de Cyclisme
The Union Européenne de Cyclisme (abbreviation: UEC, English: European Cycling Union) is the European confederation of national cycling bodies; the national federations of the Union Cycliste Internationale form confederations by continent. It is headquartered in Lausanne.

In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the UEC announced that Russia and Belarus officials will not be able to officiate at any UEC event, or attend or take part in any UEC meeting, committee, or forum.
Ultra.2011
Ultra.2011 is a dance compilation album from Ultra Records, compiling original and remixed tracks from the label. It was released on November 9, 2010.  Compared to Ultra.2010, the majority of this compilation consists of extended versions of the normal songs. Canadian and US versions of the album were released.

I'm in Love (I Wanna Do It)
"I'm in Love (I Wanna Do It)" is a song by Italian house DJ Alex Gaudino from his second studio album, Doctor Love (2013). The song was written by Gaudino, Giuseppe D'Albenzio and Tim Powell. It was released as the lead single from the album on 19 September 2010 in the United Kingdom. The song reached number 10 in the UK, and charted at number one on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart in October 2010. The song originally only contained male vocals, but the vocals of American singer Maxine Ashley were later added for commercial release. Ashley, however, is not officially credited as a guest vocalist on the commercial release.
Convento de los Agustinos Recoletos (Madrid)
The Convento de los Agustinos Recoletos or Convento de Copacabana, in the city of Madrid, was a convent located in the land now occupied by the National Library, the Museo Arqueológico Nacional, and several city blocks. This convent named the known Paseo de Recoletos of Madrid, name that refers to the Augustinian Recollects (Agustinos Recoletos), former owners of the convent and of the adjacent properties. In this convent the painter Francisco de Zurbarán was buried.

Biblioteca Nacional de España
The Biblioteca Nacional de España (National Library of Spain) is the national library of Spain. It is the largest  public library in the country, and one of the largest in the world. Founded in 1711, it is an autonomous agency attached to the Ministry of Culture since 1990. Its headquarters is located on the Paseo de Recoletos in Madrid, sharing the building with the National Archaeological Museum.
Cultural depictions of elephants
Elephants have been depicted in mythology, symbolism and popular culture. They are both revered in religion and respected for their prowess in war. They also have negative connotations such as being a symbol for an unnecessary burden.  Ever since the Stone Age, when elephants were represented by ancient petroglyphs and cave art, they have been portrayed in various forms of art, including pictures, sculptures, music, film, and even architecture.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
EAR 27 class
The EAR 27 class, previously known as the EAR MR class, was a sub-class of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge 2-8-2 USATC S118 Class steam locomotives operated by the East African Railways (EAR), and, with one exception, previously by the Malayan Railways.

Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) (lit. 'Malayan Railway Limited'; Jawi: كريتاڤي تانه ملايو برحد‎) or colloquially referred to simply as KTM, is the main railway operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was first built to transport tin. Previously known as the Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR), the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA), and the Malayan Railway, KTM acquired its current name in 1962. The organisation was corporatised in 1992, but remains wholly owned by the Malaysian government.
Superparamagnetism
Superparamagnetism is a form of magnetism which appears in small ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles. In sufficiently small nanoparticles, magnetization can randomly flip direction under the influence of temperature. The typical time between two flips is called the Néel relaxation time. In the absence of an external magnetic field, when the time used to measure the magnetization of the nanoparticles is much longer than the Néel relaxation time, their magnetization appears to be on average zero; they are said to be in the superparamagnetic state. In this state, an external magnetic field is able to magnetize the nanoparticles, similarly to a paramagnet. However, their magnetic susceptibility is much larger than that of paramagnets.

Activation energy
In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur. The activation energy (Ea) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). Simplified:

Activation energy is the minimum energy barrier that reactant molecules must overcome to transform into products. A reaction occurs only if enough molecules have kinetic energy equal to or greater than this barrier, which usually requires sufficiently high temperature. The term "activation energy" was introduced in 1889 by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius.
Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio, 22nd Duke of Medina Sidonia
Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio y Álvarez de Toledo, 22nd Duke of Medina Sidonia, GE (born 3 January 1956) is a Spanish aristocrat and historian. Born in Madrid, Medina Sidonia is the eldest son of Leoncio González de Gregorio y Martí and his wife Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia. The Duke is Professor of History at the University of Castile-La Mancha and of the Diplomatic School of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation.

Aristocracy
Aristocracy (from Ancient Greek  ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā) 'rule of the best'; from  ἄριστος (áristos) 'best' and  κράτος (krátos) 'power, strength') is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats.

Across Europe, the aristocracy exercised immense economic, political, and social influence. In Western Christian countries, the aristocracy was mostly equal with magnates, also known as the titled or higher nobility, however the members of the more numerous social class, the untitled lower nobility (petty nobility or gentry) were not part of the aristocracy.
Miss America 1965
Miss America 1965, the 38th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 12, 1964 on the CBS Network.

Pageant winner Vonda Kay Van Dyke authored books in years to come. She was the first Miss America to use ventriloquism in the talent portion of the contest. Miss Arkansas, first runner-up Karen Carlson, later became an actress, seen in several films and many television series.

The pageant took place at Boardwalk Hall less than two weeks after it played host to the Democratic National Convention.

Ventriloquism
Ventriloquism is the performance art of speaking or producing sounds so that the voice appears to come from a source other than the performer, most often a puppet or "dummy." Ventriloquists create the illusion of a separate character by manipulating the puppet and producing distinct voices, often for comedy, storytelling, or theatrical entertainment. The technique requires precise vocal control and minimal lip movement. Ventriloquism has historical roots in ancient cultures and theater, and it continues to be practiced in live performances, television, and media worldwide.
IXLeeds
IXLeeds is a Leeds-based internet exchange point (IXP) founded in 2008. It is the UK's only fully independent exchange outside London, and has 20 members.

The exchange was founded as a neutral not-for-profit by a group of telecommunications and internet service provider (ISP) professionals including Professor Adam Beaumont, founder and CEO of telecoms operator aql. Beaumont created the first carrier-neutral data centre in Leeds which allowed multiple operators to interconnect and facilitated the existence of the exchange. aql has provided free space and power for the exchange since its inception.

IXLeeds promotes cooperation between operators in the region to help improve digital infrastructure and support a solid internet exchange fabric.

It is located in one of aql's data centres in the historic Salem Chapel in Leeds.

Adam Beaumont
"CYBERUK 2018 Leadership Agenda" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2018.

Professor Adam Beaumont DL (born August 1972) is a businessman, angel investor, trustee and digital entrepreneur. He is the CEO of telecommunications provider aql, a visiting professor of cyber security at the University of Leeds and the Honorary Consul of the Republic of Estonia to the Northern Powerhouse and the Isle of Man.
Aga Khan Sports Club Ground
The Aga Khan Sports Club Ground is a cricket ground in Nairobi, Kenya. The ground is used by Aga Khan Sports Club cricket team. The pitch is considered to be one of the fastest in Kenya, and the venue hosted four One Day Internationals between 1996 and 1997.

Kenya have played first-class matches here against Pakistan A and Namibia, and eight matches were played here during the 1994 ICC Trophy.

Pakistan A cricket team
The Pakistan A cricket team, or Pakistan Shaheens, is a national cricket team representing Pakistan. It is the second-tier of international Pakistan cricket, below the full Pakistan national cricket team. Matches played by Pakistan A are not considered to be Test matches or One Day Internationals, receiving first-class and List A classification respectively. Pakistan A played their first match in August 1964, a three-day first-class contest against Ceylon Board President's XI.

Pakistan A have played a number of series, both home and away, against other national A teams, and competed against other first-class opposition. Their first tour was to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1964–65.  Pakistan A did not play another match until the 1991 season when they again toured Sri Lanka, a series against England A the previous season having been cancelled due to the Gulf War.
Microbrand
A microbrand is a small-scale brand recognized only in a certain geographic location, or by consumers in a specific micromarket or niche market.  The majority of microbrands are owned by a microbusiness, though this trend is changing due to the expansion of the Internet and advancement of micromarketing tools.  The process of identifying and micro-segmenting customers into more refined targets is becoming an efficient and rewarding operation for larger companies and corporations.

Microbrands are most frequently associated with products such as watches, instruments, undergarments, automobiles, and jewelry.

Micro-enterprise
A micro-enterprise, or microenterprise, is generally defined as a small business employing nine people or fewer, and having a balance sheet or turnover less than a certain amount (e.g. €2 million or PhP 3 million). The terms microenterprise and microbusiness have the same meaning, though traditionally when referring to a small business financed by microcredit the term microenterprise is often used. Similarly, when referring to a small, usually legal business that is not financed by microcredit, the term microbusiness (or micro-business) is often used. Internationally, most microenterprises are family businesses employing one or two persons. Most microenterprise owners are primarily interested in earning a living to support themselves and their families. They only grow the business when something in their lives changes and they need to generate a larger income.
1972 ABA All-Star Game
The 1972 American Basketball Association All-Star Game, the league's fifth, was played to a win by the East, 142–115, on January 29, 1972, at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. It was played before a crowd of 15,738, with Joe Mullaney of the Kentucky Colonels coaching the East, and LaDell Andersen of the Utah Stars coaching the West.

Dan Issel of the Kentucky Colonels was named MVP. Jim McDaniels scored 18 of his 24 points in the East's 45-point fourth quarter.: 240, 259

Dan Issel
Daniel Paul Issel (born October 25, 1948) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. He played college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats, earning All-American twice en route to a school-record 25.7 points per game for his career. The American Basketball Association Rookie of the Year in 1971, he was a six-time ABA All-Star and a one-time NBA All-Star.

A prolific scorer, Issel remains the all-time leading scorer at the University of Kentucky, the second-leading scorer of all time for the NBA's Denver Nuggets, and the second-leading scorer of all time for the American Basketball Association itself. Upon Issel's retirement from the NBA in 1985, Wilt Chamberlain, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and Julius Erving were the only professional basketball players to have scored more career points. Issel was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1993.
2023 Burg-Wächter Ladies Open
The 2023 Burg-Wächter Ladies Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Altenkirchen, Germany, between 13 and 19 February 2023.

Greet Minnen
Greet Minnen (born 14 August 1997) is a Belgian tennis player.
Minnen has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 59 in singles and No. 45 in doubles, achieved on 16 October 2023 and on 8 January 2024, respectively.
Paaske
Paaske is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Paaske (1856–1935), Norwegian opera singer and teacher

Carl Paaske (1890–1970), Norwegian pentathlete

Else Paaske (born 1941), Danish singer and educator

Erik Paaske (1933–1992), Danish singer and actor

Lars Paaske (born 1976), Danish badminton player

Else Paaske
Else Paaske (born 1941) is a Danish mezzo-soprano concert singer and educator. Her repertoire covers both Lieder and oratorios. She performed from 1965 until the mid-1980s, becoming one of Denmark's most celebrated mezzo-sopranos. She then became a lecturer at the Royal Danish Academy of Music until her retirement in 2004.
Barshamay
Barshamay (Russian: Баршамай; Kaitag: Баршшамагӏи; Dargwa: Баршамагӏи) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Barshamaysky Selsoviet, Kaytagsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 2,110 as of 2010. There are 24 streets.

Kaytagsky District
Kaytagsky District (Russian: Кайта́гский райо́н; Dargwa: Хайдакъла райун; Kumyk: Хайдакълы якъ, Xaydaqlı yaq) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 678.24 square kilometers (261.87 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Madzhalis. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 31,368, with the population of Madzhalis accounting for 21.7% of that number.
Thrainn Sigurdsson
Thrainn Sigurdsson (12 November 1912 – 18 August 2004) was an Icelandic chess player.

He was one of the strongest chess players in Iceland in the early 1930s.

Sigurdsson played for Iceland in the Chess Olympiad:

In 1933, at second board in the 5th Chess Olympiad in Folkestone (+2, =3, -9).

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.