hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
De rerum natura
De rerum natura (Latin: [deː ˈreːrʊn naːˈtuːraː]; On the Nature of Things) is a first-century BCE didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (c. 99 – c. 55 BCE) with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience. The poem, written in some 7,400 dactylic hexameters, is divided into six untitled books, and explores Epicurean physics through poetic language and metaphors. Namely, Lucretius explores the principles of atomism; the nature of the mind and soul; explanations of sensation and thought; the development of the world and its phenomena; and explains a variety of celestial and terrestrial phenomena. The universe described in the poem operates according to these physical principles, guided by fortuna ("chance"), and not the divine intervention of the traditional Roman deities.

Celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth. All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, which may be centered on Earth or the observer. If centered on the observer, half of the sphere would resemble a hemispherical screen over the observing location.

The celestial sphere is a conceptual tool used in spherical astronomy to specify the position of an object in the sky without consideration of its linear distance from the observer. The celestial equator divides the celestial sphere into northern and southern hemispheres.
Allium unifolium
Allium unifolium, the one-leaf onion or American garlic, is a North American species of wild onion. It is native to the coastal mountain ranges of California, Oregon, and Baja California. It grows on clay soils including serpentine, at elevations up to 1100 m.

Allium unifolium, despite its name, usually has 2–3 flat leaves up to 50 cm long. Bulbs, though, are usually solitary, egg-shaped, up to 2 cm long, often formed at the end of rhizomes spreading out from the parent plant. Scapes are round in cross-section, up to 80 cm tall. Flowers are up to 15 mm across; tepals usually pink but occasionally white; anthers yellow or purple.

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Ahlam Mosteghanemi
Ahlam Mosteghanemi (Arabic: أحلام مستغانمي; born 13 April 1953, Tunisia) is an Algerian poet and writer. She was the first Algerian woman to write poetry and fiction in Arabic.  She has published four novels and six anthologies, and is best known for her 1993 novel Memory of the Flesh. In 2007 and 2008, she was ranked #96 and #58 respectively as the most influential Arab by the Arabian Business magazine.

Arabian Business
Arabian Business (AB) is a weekly business magazine published in Dubai and focusing on global and regional news analysis. The brand is aimed at the English and Arabic-speaking communities and is published in both languages.

Its circulation figures for October–December 2007 were given as 20,468 copies. The audited circulation of the weekly was 23,016 copies for the last six months of 2011. For the period of July – December 2012 the audited circulation of the weekly was 23,352 copies. According to Similar web, website accesses as of 2024 were more than a million per month.
Frank: sonnets
frank: sonnets by Diane Seuss was the winner of the 2022 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry published by Graywolf Press. The Pulitzer committee described frank: sonnets as "a virtuosic collection that inventively expands the sonnet form to confront the messy contradictions of contemporary America, including the beauty and the difficulty of working-class life in the Rust Belt."

Graywolf Press
Graywolf Press is an independent, non-profit publisher located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Graywolf Press publishes fiction, non-fiction, and poetry.

Graywolf Press collaborates with organizations such as the College of Saint Benedict, the Mellon Foundation, and Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Graywolf Press currently publishes about 27 books a year, including the Graywolf Press Nonfiction Prize winner, the recipient of the Emily Dickinson First Book Award, and several translations supported by the Lannan Foundation.
Singapore (island)
Singapore is the main constituent island of the sovereign island country and city-state of the Republic of Singapore. It is located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, between the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. The Singapore Strait lies to the south, while the Johor Strait lies to the north.

The island forms the bulk of the country in terms of area, population, and prominence since areas situated on the country's smaller islands consist of military or industrial areas, except for Sentosa and Ubin Islands. As of the mid-2020s, Singapore's population stood over six million, and the mainland has a land area of approximately 730 square kilometres (280 sq mi).

Sovereign
Sovereign is a title that can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word is borrowed from Old French souverain, which is ultimately derived from the Latin superānus, meaning 'above'.

The roles of a sovereign vary from monarch, ruler or head of state to head of municipal government or head of a chivalric order. As a result, the word sovereignty has more recently also come to mean independence or autonomy.
Khlevnoye, Lipetsk Oblast
Khlevnoye (Russian: Хлевное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khlevensky District, Lipetsk Oblast, Russia. In the 19th century the village was part of Khlevenskaya volost, Zadonsky Uyezd, Voronezh Governorate. Population: 6,012 (2021 census); 5,969 (2010 census); 6,205 (2002 census); 5,898 (1989 Soviet census).

Zadonsky Uyezd
Zadonsky Uyezd (Задонский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Voronezh Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Zadonsk.
Baqet III
Baqet III was an ancient Egyptian official and Great Chief of the Oryx nome (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) during the 11th Dynasty in the 21st century BCE. Apart from the position of governor of the entire nome, Baqet III also held the titles haty-a, treasurer of the king of Lower Egypt, confidential friend, true royal acquaintance, and mayor of Nekheb.

As a son of his predecessor Ramushenti, he administered the governorate in the city of Men'at Khufu.

Realizing that the fate of the civil war was definitely in favor of the Thebans led by Mentuhotep II, Baqet cunningly broke the long neutrality of his territory and took the Theban side. After his death, his new loyalty allowed him to be succeeded by his probable son Khety and by his descendants until the time of Amenemhat I, when a family turnover took place in the governorship with the installation of Khnumhotep I.

Haty-a
Ḥaty-a was an ancient Egyptian rank and title given to local princes, mayors, or governors.

There is no standard translation for Ḥaty-a, and it is frequently left transliterated in scholarly literature.

In strings of ranking titles Ḥaty-a most often appears between the ranking titles iry-pat and royal sealer (ḫtmty-bỉty) and was therefore a sign of an extremely high status in the ranking of officials in Ancient Egypt. As mayor, the title often stands alone in inscription in front of the name, but was also often combined with the titles overseer of priests or overseer of the god's house, indicating that local governors were also the head of local religious matters.
Ombalantu baobab tree
The Ombalantu baobab tree, known also as a Tree of Life or Omukwa waaMbalantu, is a giant baobab tree of the species Adansonia digitata, situated in Outapi in the north of Namibia on the M123 Main Road  to Tsandi. It is 28 metres (92 ft) tall, 26.5 metres (87 ft) in circumference, and estimated to be about 800 years old.

The tree trunk has been fitted with a door and can accommodate about 35 people. It has served as a chapel, post office, house, and a hiding site during various stages of Namibian history. Today the tree is a tourist attraction, called "Ombalantu Baobab Tree Heritage Site". Since December 2004 the site features a display of the tree's history and role in the Owambo community, as well as the history of the Namibian struggle for independence.

Tsandi
Tsandi (Oshiwambo: that which is at the center) is a village in the Omusati Region of northern Namibia and the district capital of the Tsandi electoral constituency. It is a former mission station of the Finnish Missionary Society. Tsandi had a population of 2,595 people in 2023.
1904 Lafayette football team
The 1904 Lafayette football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College as an independent during the 1904 college football season. In its second season under head coach Alfred E. Bull, the team compiled a 7–2 record. Joseph Morrison was the team captain. The team played its home games at March Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.

1904 college football season
The 1904 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan, Minnesota, and Penn as having been selected national champions.

1904 was a big year for the South. It was the first year for: Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt, Mike Donahue at Auburn, and John Heisman at Georgia Tech.
Disordered eating
Disordered eating describes a variety of abnormal eating behaviors that, by themselves, do not warrant diagnosis of an eating disorder.

Disordered eating includes behaviors that are common features of eating disorders, such as:

Chronic restrained eating.

Compulsive eating.

Binge eating, with associated loss of control.

Self-induced vomiting.

Disordered eating also includes behaviors that are not characteristic of a specific eating disorder, such as:

Irregular, chaotic eating patterns.

Ignoring physical feelings of hunger and satiety (fullness).

Use of diet pills.

Emotional eating.

Night eating.

Secretive food concocting: the consumption of embarrassing food combinations, such as mashed potatoes mixed with sandwich cookies. See also Food craving § Pregnancy and Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder § Symptoms and behaviors.

Sandwich cookie
A sandwich cookie (US and Canada), also known as a sandwich biscuit (UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa), is a type of cookie made from two cookies with a filling between them. Typically the hard, thin cookies known as biscuits outside North America are used, though some sandwich cookies use softer or thicker cookies. Many types of fillings are used, such as cream, ganache, buttercream, chocolate, cream cheese, jam, peanut butter, lemon curd, or ice cream.

Though they can be homemade, sandwich cookies are typically mass-produced and sold commercially. The sandwich biscuit market in Europe alone is worth over €1.6 billion a year, with Germany a consistently large consumer. Round sandwich biscuit varieties are more popular throughout Europe than squares, while the square varieties are more popular in Southern Europe than in the rest of the continent.
Gold Mouf
Gold Mouf is the second studio album by American rapper Lute. It was released on October 4, 2021, by Dreamville Records and Interscope Records. The album includes guest appearances from labelmates JID, Cozz, and Ari Lennox, in addition to Little Brother, Saba, Westside Boogie, BJ the Chicago Kid, Blakk Soul, and Devn. The album was executive produced by rapper and manager Big Pooh, and sequenced by rapper Phonte.

Dreamville Records
Dreamville Records is an American record label founded by American rapper J. Cole and his manager Ibrahim Hamad. The label ended its distribution deal with Interscope Records, a unit of Universal Music Group in July 2025. The roster includes Bas, Cozz, Omen, Lute, JID, EarthGang, and Cole himself. Dreamville also houses American record producers Elite, Ron Gilmore, and Cedric Brown.
WYAM (AM)
WYAM (890 AM, "Fiesta Mexicana 890") is a Spanish language Variety formatted radio station licensed to serve Hartselle, Alabama. The station primarily serves the Huntsville, Alabama, area.  It is owned by Decatur Communications Properties, LLC.

Due to FCC regulations, the station must sign-off at sunset to protect Chicago's WLS. The WYAM transmitter is located about 1 mile south of the Tennessee River adjacent to I-65.

Hartselle, Alabama
Hartselle is the second largest city in Morgan County, Alabama, United States, 13 miles (21 km) south of Decatur. It is part of the Decatur Metropolitan Area and the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 15,455. Hartselle was founded in 1869 with the arrival of the South and North Alabama Railroad. It takes its name from George Hartsell, one of the railroad's owners. The post office opened in 1873. It was formally incorporated on March 1, 1875. Most of the oldest buildings were destroyed by a disastrous fire in 1916.
Massei
Massei is a surname. Notable persons with that surname include:

Joe Massei (1899 – 1971), American gangster of Italian-Irish origins

Girolamo Massei (c. 1530 – c. 1614), Italian Mannerist painter active mostly in Rome

Oscar Massei (born 1934), Argentine retired professional football

Joe Massei
Joseph D. Massei (1899 – May 1971), or Joe Massey, was an American gangster of Italian-Irish origins.
He was involved in the Detroit bootleg liquor trade in the Prohibition era and was arrested many times, but was only imprisoned once.
In 1936 he moved to Miami Beach, Florida, and became a central figure in illegal gambling.
He was a consiglieri of the mob, and helped resolve disputes between the gangsters.
He acted as the Detroit mob's money man, funneling illegal earnings into legitimate businesses in Miami.
He died at home in Miami Beach at the age of 71.
John Ferguson (Canadian politician)
John Ferguson (April 17, 1840 – July 7, 1908) was a Scottish-born farmer, lumberman and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Renfrew South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1900 as an Independent Conservative member.

He was born in Granart, Argyleshire, the son of Archibald Ferguson and Margaret Barr, and came to Canada West with his family in 1847, settling in Admaston. He was married three times: to a Miss Bremner around 1862, to Jessie Mackenzie in 1877 and to Margaret Bedington in 1890. Ferguson was defeated in the 1887 federal election but was elected in a by-election held later that year following the death of Robert Campbell. He was unsuccessful when he ran for reelection to the House of Commons in 1900. Around 1888, Ferguson became an agent for lumber baron J.R. Booth.

1887 Canadian federal election
The 1887 Canadian federal election was held on February 22, 1887, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 6th Parliament of Canada.

The Conservative Party of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald  retained power, defeating the Liberal Party of Edward Blake.
Veronika Ivanovskaia
Veronika Halliday née Ivanovskaia (born 1 February 1995) is a German professional pool player. She began to play in 2003, and later became part of the German national team. She was the winner of the 2018 European Pool Championships eight-ball event, and the runner-up at the 2017 Austria Open.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
Radhamohanpur
Radhamohanpur is a village in Debra Community Development Block in West Medinipur District of West Bengal, India. It is located in the Burdwan Division, 28 km towards East from District headquarters Midnapore. Bengali is the Local Language. Radhamohanpur village is surrounded by Pingla Block towards South, Panskura-I Block towards East, Kharagpur-II Block towards west, Keshpur Block towards North. Radhamohanpur Railway Station lies along the Kharagpur- Howrah Railway line.

Midnapore
Midnapore (Bengali pronunciation: [medinipur]), is a city known for its history in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Paschim Medinipur district. It is situated on the banks of the Kangsabati River (variously known as Kasai and Cossye). The Urban Agglomeration of Midnapore consists of the city proper, Mohanpur, Keranichati and Khayerullachak. Midnapore and its neighbouring city of Kharagpur constitute the central core of the Midnapore Kharagpur Development Authority metro area, spread across 576 square kilometres.
Lee Sang-hoon (tennis)
Lee Sang-hoon (Korean: 이상훈; born 20 September 1972) is a South Korean former professional tennis player.

Lee, a graduate of Konkuk University, spent his career competing mostly at satellite and Futures level. He featured in the qualifying draw for the 1995 Australian Open and was a quarter-finalist at the 1995 Seoul Challenger. In 1996 he made an ATP Tour main draw appearance at the Korea Open, where he fell in the first round to top seed Byron Black.

1995 Australian Open
The 1995 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Flinders Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 83rd edition of the Australian Open and was held from 16 through 29 January 1995.
Jeff Shulman
Jeff Shulman (born February 18, 1975) is the editor of Card Player Magazine, and an American poker player with a record of success in tournament play, based in Las Vegas, Nevada. He is the son of Jan Shulman and Barry Shulman.  Shulman's father, Barry, is an accomplished poker player and CEO of Card Player.

Card Player
Card Player, also known as The Gambling Authority, is an industry-leading publication and web portal specializing in poker media, poker strategy and poker tournament coverage. The media company is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Anchaurosaurus
Anchaurosaurus (meaning "morning lizard" in Latin) is an extinct genus of iguanian lizard from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China. It belongs to an extinct clade of iguanians called Gobiguania that was endemic to the Gobi Desert during the Late Cretaceous. The type species, Anchaurosaurus gilmorei, was named in 1995 on the basis of a well-preserved skull and incomplete skeleton from the Djadochta Formation. Compared to other iguanians, Anchaurosaurus has a relatively elongated skull, large eye sockets, and higher tooth crowns. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that among gobiguanians, Anchaurosaurus is most closely related to Zapsosaurus from Mongolia. Below is a cladogram from Daza et al. (2012) showing the phylogenetic relationships of Anchaurosaurus:

Iguania
Iguania is a suborder of squamate reptiles that includes iguanas, chameleons, agamids, and New World lizards. Using morphological features as a guide to evolutionary relationships, the Iguania are believed to form the sister group to the Squamata, which comprise nearly 11,000 named species, roughly 2000 of which are iguanians. However, molecular information has placed Iguania well within the Squamata as sister taxa to the Anguimorpha and closely related to snakes. The order has been under debate and revisions after being classified by Charles Lewis Camp in 1923 due to difficulties finding adequate synapomorphic morphological characteristics. Most iguanians are arboreal but there are several terrestrial groups. They usually have primitive fleshy, non-prehensile tongues, although the tongue is highly modified in chameleons. Today they are scattered occurring in Madagascar, the Fiji and Friendly Islands and Western Hemisphere.
Latanya Sweeney
Latanya Sweeney is an American computer scientist. She is the Daniel Paul Professor of the Practice of Government and Technology at the Harvard Kennedy School and in the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. She is the founder and director of the Public Interest Tech Lab, founded in 2021 with a $3 million grant from the Ford Foundation as well as the Data Privacy Lab. She is the current Faculty Dean in Currier House at Harvard.

Sweeney is the former Chief Technologist of the Federal Trade Commission and Editor-in-Chief of Technology Science. Her best known academic work is on the theory of k-anonymity, and she is credited with the observation that "87% of the U.S. population is uniquely identified by date of birth, gender, postal code".

In 2025, she was named one of the world's top thinkers in the field of artificial intelligence by TIME magazine.

Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences
The Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) is a faculty of Harvard University. It administers the undergraduate Harvard College, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and the Division of Continuing Education, among other divisions.
Unexpected Song
"Unexpected Song" is a 1984 song from the musical Song and Dance originally sung (on Broadway) by Bernadette Peters. The music was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics by Don Black. It is one of Lloyd Webber's most frequently performed compositions.

Song and Dance
Song and Dance is a musical comprising two acts, one told entirely in "Song" and one entirely in "Dance", tied together by a unifying love story.

The "Song" act is Tell Me on a Sunday, with lyrics by Don Black and music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, about a young British woman's romantic misadventures in New York City and Hollywood. The "Dance" act is a ballet choreographed to Variations, composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber for his cellist brother Julian, which is based on the A Minor Caprice No. 24 by Paganini.
Rough Lake
Rough Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trails 647 and 616.

Rough Lake is north of the Casino Lakes and Garland Lakes and west of Lookout Mountain.

Custer County, Idaho
Custer County is a rural mountain county in the center of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,275, making it the fifth-least populous county in Idaho. The county seat is Challis. Established in 1881, the county was named for the General Custer Mine, where gold was discovered five years earlier. Custer County relies on ranching, mining, and tourism as its main resources.
Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 25
Season twenty-five of Dancing with the Stars premiered on September 18, 2017, on the ABC network.

On November 21, 2017, actor and singer Jordan Fisher and Lindsay Arnold were crowned the champions, while violinist Lindsey Stirling and Mark Ballas finished in second place, and actor Frankie Muniz and Witney Carson finished in third.

Carrie Ann Inaba
Carrie Ann Inaba (born January 5, 1968) is an American television personality, dancer, choreographer, actress, and singer. She is best known for her work on ABC's Dancing with the Stars for which she has served as a judge since 2005. She co-hosted and moderated the CBS Daytime talk show The Talk from 2019 to 2021. She started her career as a singer in Japan, but became best known for her dancing, introducing herself to American audiences as one of the original Fly Girls on the Fox sketch comedy series In Living Color from 1990 to 1992.