hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Kafir Qala
The Battle of Kafir Qala (Persian: نبرد کافر قلعه, romanized: Nabard-e Kāfir Qal'ah) was fought in June 1818 between Iran and the Durrani Empire.

The Iranians had captured Herat in 1816 but were forced to abandon it when the Afghans resisted the occupation of the city with an intense guerrilla war on the countryside. In 1818 the Iranian Shah, Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, sent his son Hasan Ali Mirza, with a huge Iranian army to recapture Herat. The Iranians marched from Khorasan and met the Afghan army shortly after crossing the border in the town of Kafir Qala.

Khorasan province
Khorasan (Persian: استان خراسان [xoɾɒːˈsɒːn] ⓘ; also transcribed as Khurasan, Xorasan and Khorassan), also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian times, was a province in northeastern Iran until September 2004, when it was divided into three new provinces: North Khorasan, South Khorasan, and Razavi Khorasan.

Khorasan historically referred to a much larger area, comprising the east and the northeast of the Persian Empire. The name Khorāsān is Persian and means "where the sun arrives from". The name was first given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sasanian Empire and was used from the Late Middle Ages in distinction to neighbouring Transoxiana.

This province, whose people are mainly Shia Muslims, roughly encompassed the western portion of the historical Greater Khorasan. The modern boundaries of the Iranian province of Khorasan were formally defined in the late nineteenth century and the province was divided into three separate administrative divisions in 2004.
Mohsin Sayyed
Mohsin Sayyed (born 28 September 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Maharashtra in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 13 October 2016. Former cricketer and coach Surendra Bhave described Sayyed as "a young investment" and "pretty consistent" after taking 18 wickets in six matches. Prior to his first-class debut, Sayyed was named in India's squad for the 2012 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. However, he was ruled out of the tournament after being diagnosed with dengue fever.

Maharashtra cricket team
The Maharashtra cricket team is a state cricket team that represents the Maharashtra state in domestic cricket of India. It is governed by Maharashtra Cricket Association. It plays its home matches at Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium in Pune.

Maharashtra have won Ranji Trophy twice and remained runners-up thrice, won Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy once and remained runners-up once. In Vijay Hazare trophy it has been winner in West zone in 1994–95 and were runners up in 2022/23 season.
Maximianopolis
Maximianopolis or Maximianoupolis (Ancient Greek: Μαξιμιανόπολις or Μαξιμιανούπολις, "city of Maximianus") can refer to the following ancient cities, named after the Roman emperor Maximian:

Maximianopolis in Arabia, in modern Syria

Maximianopolis (Osrhoene), in modern Turkey

Maximianopolis (Palestine), in modern Israel

Maximianopolis (Pamphylia), in modern Turkey

Maximianopolis in Rhodope, in modern Greece

Maximianopolis (Thebaid), in modern Egypt

Tefenni
Tefenni is a town in Burdur Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Tefenni District. Its population is 7,381 (2021). It consists of 10 quarters: Kır, Yenice, Yokuş, Zafer, Esentepe, Eceköy, Eşeler, Fatih, Pazar and Göktürk.
Loch Nevis
Loch Nevis (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Nibheis) is a sea loch in Lochaber on the west coast of Scotland.

It runs inland from the Sound of Sleat, and is bounded on the north by the peninsula of Knoydart and on the south by North Morar (the region north of Loch Morar, and containing the village of Morar).

Two ferry services cross Loch Nevis. One, a small passenger ferry, links the town of Mallaig with the village of Inverie on Knoydart and the hamlet of Tarbet. The other, Knoydart Seabridge, a daily ferry service which can transport vehicles as well as passengers and equipment, sails directly between Mallaig and Inverie.

The ferry operated by Caledonian MacBrayne to the Small Isles from Mallaig is named after the loch, the MV Lochnevis.

Loch Nevis contains a number of fish farms, and in May 1998 it was the location of the first recorded outbreak of infectious salmon anaemia in Scotland.

Small Isles
The Small Isles (Scottish Gaelic: Na h-Eileanan Tarsainn) are a small archipelago in the Inner Hebrides, off the west coast of Scotland. They lie south of Skye and north of Mull and Ardnamurchan; the most westerly point of mainland Scotland.

Until 1891, Canna, Rùm and Muck belonged to the county of Argyll, while Eigg belonged to Inverness-shire. In that year, the entire archipelago was transferred to Inverness-shire. They now belong to the Highland council area.
Qiviut
Qiviuq [sg] or qiviut [pl] (/ˈkɪviət/ KIV-ee-ət; Inuktitut syllabics: ᕿᕕᐅᖅ; Inuinnaqtun: qiviuq; Inupiaq: qiviu or qiviuq (sometimes spelled qiveut)) is the inner wool of the muskox. In Inuinnaqtun the same word can be used to refer any down such as the down feathers of birds.

The muskox has a two-layered coat, and qiviut refers specifically to the soft underwool beneath the longer outer wool. The muskox sheds this layer of wool each spring. Qiviut is plucked from the coat of the muskox during the moult or gathered from objects the animals have brushed against; unlike sheep, the animals are not sheared. Much of the commercially available qiviut comes from Canada, and is obtained from the pelts of muskoxen after hunts. In Alaska, qiviut is obtained from farmed animals or gathered from the wild during the molt.

Moulting
In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is a process by which an animal casts off parts of its body to serve some beneficial purpose, either at specific times of the year, or at specific points in its life cycle.

In medieval times, it was also known as "mewing" (from the French verb "muer", to moult), a term that lives on in the name of Britain's Royal Mews where the King's hawks used to be kept during moulting time before becoming horse stables after Tudor times.

Moulting can involve shedding the epidermis (skin), pelage (hair, feathers, fur, wool), or other external layer. In some groups, other body parts may be shed, for example, the entire exoskeleton in arthropods, including the wings in some insects.
Pensioners' Party of the Republika Srpska
The Pensioners' Party of the Republika Srpska (Serbian: Пензионерска Странка Републике Српске, romanized: Penzionerska Stranka Republike Srpske) is a Serb political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the 2002 general election the party secured a seat in the National Assembly.

2002 Republika Srpska general election
General elections were held in Republika Srpska on 5 October 2002, as part of the general elections across Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dragan Čavić of the Serb Democratic Party was elected president.

As of 2025, This was the most recent Presidential election that the Serb Democratic Party or any other party other then Alliance of Independent Social Democrats won.
Hicklin test
The Hicklin test is a legal test for obscenity established by the English case R. v Hicklin (1868). At issue was the statutory interpretation of the word "obscene" in the Obscene Publications Act 1857, which authorized the destruction of obscene books. The court held that all material tending "to deprave and corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences" was obscene, regardless of its artistic or literary merit.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Theatre of Turkey
Turkish theatre  refers to theater activities in Turkey. Turkey has four "major theatrical traditions": "folk theatre, popular theatre, court theater, and Western theater." Turkish folk theatre goes back thousands of years and has survived among rural communities. Popular theatre includes plays by live actors, puppet and shadow plays, and storytelling performances. An example for shadow play is Karagöz and Hacivat. Court theatre was the refined version of popular theatre. Beginning in the 19th century, Western theatre tradition started appearing in Turkey with the foundation of the Arevelian Tatron. Following the establishment of Turkish Republic, a state conservatory and the State Theatre Company were formed.

Arevelian Tatron
Arevelian Tatron (Eastern Theater ), also known as the Şark Tiyatrosu or Oriental Theater, was a theater company established in Istanbul, the Ottoman Empire, in 1859. 
It played an important pioneering role in the history of modern theater in Turkey, as the first professional theater company in the Ottoman Empire, and the stage of the first pioneer generation of indigenous actors in the Ottoman Empire.
Eugene Airport
Eugene Airport (IATA: EUG, ICAO: KEUG, FAA LID: EUG), also known as Mahlon Sweet Field, is a public airport 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Eugene, in Lane County, Oregon, United States. Owned and operated by the City of Eugene, it is the fifth-largest airport in the Pacific Northwest.

The terminal building has "A" gates on the upper level and "B" gates, ticketing, and baggage claim on the lower level. The airport has an expanded air cargo facility and three fixed-base operators (FBOs) to handle general aviation. In 2025, the Eugene Airport handled 1,711,855 passengers, a 1.76% increase from 2024.

The airport was named for Mahlon Sweet (1886–1947), a Eugene automobile dealer who was a strong supporter of aviation and pushed to get the now-defunct Eugene Air Park built in 1919, followed by the current airfield in 1943.

In 2010, a new airport rescue and firefighting facility was built.

EUG covers 2,600 acres (1,052 ha) of land.

Air Oregon
Air Oregon was an airline based in the U.S. state of Oregon. Founded as Executive Flight Services in 1961 in Portland; it was renamed to Air Oregon in 1977.  In June 1982, Air Oregon was acquired by and merged into Horizon Air which is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Alaska Air Group which in turn is also the corporate parent of Alaska Airlines.  Air Oregon operated scheduled passenger service in the Pacific Northwest and northern California, and also served Boise, Idaho and Reno, Nevada.
Our Velocity
"Our Velocity" is a song by English indie rock band Maxïmo Park. It was released on 19 March 2007 as the lead single from their second studio album, Our Earthly Pleasures (2007). The music was written by guitarist Duncan Lloyd and the lyrics by lead singer Paul Smith. According to Smith, the song is about the wars that the UK was involved in at the time, such as Afghanistan and Iraq.

"Our Velocity" became Maxïmo Park's first UK Top 10 single, reaching number 9 on 25 March 2007 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 on the UK Indie Chart within a week of its physical release.

Maxïmo Park
Maxïmo Park are an English alternative rock band formed in 2000 in Newcastle upon Tyne. The band currently consists of Paul Smith (lead vocals), Duncan Lloyd (guitar, bass, keyboards, backing vocals), and Tom English (drums). The band have released eight studio albums: A Certain Trigger (2005), Our Earthly Pleasures (2007), Quicken the Heart (2009), The National Health (2012), Too Much Information (2014), Risk to Exist (2017), Nature Always Wins (2021), and Stream of Life (2024). The first two albums went gold in the UK, and their debut was nominated for the Mercury Prize.
Chaetomium elatum
Chaetomium elatum is a very common and widely distributed saprotrophic fungus of the Chaetomiaceae family of molds which has been found to grow on many different substances all over the world. It was first established by Gustav Kunze after he observed it growing on dead leaves. Its defining features that distinguish it from other Chaetomium species are its extremely coarse terminal hairs and the lemon-shaped morphology of its ascospores. It produces many metabolites with potential biotechnology uses including one with promise against the rice blast disease fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. It shows very little pathogenic ability causing confirmed disease in only a few plant species.

Chaetomiaceae
The Chaetomiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, order Sordariales, class Sordariomycetes. Chaetomiaceae are usually saprobic or parasitic. Cheatomiaceae are a great source of enzymes with diverse biotechnological and industrial applications such as PMO (polysaccharide monooxygenase), L-methioninase, β-1,3-glucanase, laccase, dextranase, lipolytic, pectinolytic, amylolytic, chitinolytic, and proteolytic enzymes. The production of such compounds can be taken into account as candidates for the development of effective and novel lead compounds for medicine, biological control and production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Chaetomiaceae furthermore contains some of the most well known thermophilic fungi, an interesting feature carrying many biological applications, but that is found only in few fungal genera.
Church of San Juan Bautista, Baños de Cerrato
The Church of San Juan Bautista or San Juan Bautista de Baños de Cerrato is a stone Early Medieval Visigothic church dedicated to St John the Baptist in the village of Baños de Cerrato, ancient Balneos, in the province of Palencia, in central Spain.

Province of Palencia
Palencia is a province of northern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. It is bordered by the provinces of León, Cantabria, Burgos, and Valladolid.
Kerri Buchberger
Kerri Buchberger-Kendziora (born June 23, 1970, in Russell, Manitoba) is a retired volleyball player from Canada, who competed for her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the resident of Winnipeg ended up in tenth place with the Women's National Team after having won the bronze medal a year earlier at the Pan American Games. Her brother is Kelly Buchberger, professional ice hockey coach and former player. Her daughter Megan Kendziora committed to play volleyball for the University of Winnipeg Wesmen in 2023.

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
Franziska Seidl
Franziska Seidl (née Vicari; 1 July 1892 – 14 June 1983) was an Austrian physicist. She was professor for experimental physics at the University of Vienna. One of her main research areas was ultrasound.

Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as experiments by Galileo Galilei, to more complicated ones, such as the Large Hadron Collider.
Cultural discourse about the Gaza genocide
The Gaza genocide has been a contentious topic in cultural discourse during the ongoing Gaza war. Celebrities, athletes, public intellectuals, activists, cultural institutions and ordinary people have weighed in on the events in Gaza, as well as the cultural and societal implications of viewing those events through the framework of genocide.

Israel Democracy Institute
The Israel Democracy Institute (IDI; Hebrew: המכון הישראלי לדמוקרטיה), established in 1991, is an independent research center that defines itself as being dedicated to strengthening the foundations of Israeli democracy. It is based in Jerusalem.
Iraivan Kodutha Varam
Iraivan Kodutha Varam (transl. The boon given by god) is a 1978 Indian Tamil language film directed by A. Bhimsingh. The film stars Vijayakumar, Rajinikanth, Srikanth, Cho Ramaswamy, Sumithra and Fatafat Jayalaxmi. It was released on 22 September 1978.

Srikanth (actor, born 1940)
Srikanth (19 March 1940 – 12 October 2021) was an Indian actor who has performed in around 200 Tamil films since his debut in 1965. He is also referred to as Vennira Aadai Srikanth. He has played the lead hero in around 50 films between 1965 and 1979 and has also played supporting roles in films with actors Sivaji Ganesan, Muthuraman, Ravichandran and Jaishankar in the lead roles. In the late seventies to early nineties, he appeared as a villain opposite actors including Sivakumar, Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan.
A. Arunachalam
A. Arunachalam is an Indian politician of the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He served as the Deputy Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2006.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from the Varahur constituency in the 1984 and 2001 elections.

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on 24 December 1984. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary, incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only general election which M. Karunanidhi did not contest since 1957 until his death, as he sought to avoid a direct, disadvantageous contest due to a volatile political climate. As now, this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.
Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fuensanta
The Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Holy Fountain (Spanish: Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Fuensanta) is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church in the pedanía of Algezares, part of the city of Murcia, in the region of Murcia, Spain.

The sanctuary houses the image of Our Lady of Fuensanta, the patron saint of Murcia and its surrounding huerta (fertile plain). The image is a central part in religious processions to Murcia Cathedral in Lent and  September.

Procession
A procession is an organized body of people walking in a formal or ceremonial manner. A procession may be arranged for a variety of purposes, including to advertise something, signal a change in government, display a group's power, show solidarity for a cause, mark the beginning or end of an event such as a wedding or funeral, entertain a crowd, or practice a religion. Processions have been an aspect of celebrations and ceremonies since ancient times, and they are practiced in some form throughout all cultures. They often involve a mode of transport, such as a carriage or a car; music or vocalizations, including a choir or a marching band; a visual signal of a hierarchy within the precession; and the display of eye-catching items like banners.
Dance for Modern Times
Dance for Modern Times is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Moze Mossanen and released in 1987. The film depicts contemporary dance through profiles of the work of choreographers Christopher House, David Earle, James Kudelka, Ginette Laurin and Danny Grossman. The film had originally been pitched to TVOntario and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as a six-part television series, with the CBC ultimately commissioning it as a documentary film.

The film premiered at the Bloor Cinema in Toronto on November 27, 1987, and had a limited theatrical run in other markets before being broadcast by CBC Television in March 1988. Television critics criticized the CBC for running the film on a Sunday afternoon, calling it an excellent film that deserved a much bigger audience than it was likely to garner in that time slot.

The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 9th Genie Awards in 1988.

TVO
TVO (stylized in all lowercase as tvo), formerly known as TVOntario, is a Canadian publicly funded English-language educational television network and media organization serving the Canadian province of Ontario. It operates flagship station CICA-DT (channel 19) in Toronto, which also relays programming across portions of Ontario through eight rebroadcast stations. All pay television (cable, satellite, IPTV) providers throughout Ontario are required to carry TVO on their basic tier, and programming can be streamed for free online within Canada.

TVO is operated by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority (OECA), a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario, which since 2022 has done business as the TVO Media Education Group (or TVO.me). TVO.me also operates TVO Today, TVO ILC, TVO Learn, and TVOKids.
Stannie Get Your Gun
"Stannie Get Your Gun" is the seventh episode of the second season and the fourteenth overall episode of the animated comedy series American Dad!. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 20, 2005, and is written by Brian Boyle and directed by John Aoshima.

In the episode, Hayley accidentally paralyzes Stan when she fires a gun she thought was loaded with blanks, while Roger tricks Steve into thinking he is not really his parents' son.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Batman Live
Batman Live is a touring stage show, including theatrical, circus and stage-magic elements, that focuses on the DC Comics superhero Batman. It debuted on July 19, 2011 at the Manchester Evening News Arena, with two and a half years in the making at a reported cost of about £7.5 million.

Tony Zucco
Anthony Zucco is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. First appearing in Detective Comics #38 (April 1940), Zucco is a mobster responsible for murdering the parents of Dick Grayson, which leads to Grayson's adoption by Bruce Wayne a.k.a. Batman and becoming the latter's sidekick and original Robin and Nightwing.

The character has appeared in Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Thomas F. Wilson, and The Batman, voiced by Mark Hamill. Richard Zeppieri portrayed him in the first season of the DC Universe series Titans.
Prince of Hexi
The Prince of Hexi (Chinese: 河西王) was a title used by monarchs of the Northern Liang dynasty of China. The title was first adopted in 412, then affirmed by the Emperor Shao of Liu Song in 423. The princes include:

Juqu Mengxun, 412–433

Juqu Mujian, 433–439

Juqu Wuhui, 442–444

Juqu Anzhou, 444–460

Emperor Shao of Song
Emperor Shao of Liu Song ((劉)宋少帝; c. 406 – 4 August 424), also known by his post-removal title Prince of Yingyang (營陽王), personal name Liu Yifu (劉義符), childhood name Chebing (車兵), was an emperor of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. He was the oldest son of the founding emperor, Emperor Wu, and became emperor after his father's death in 422. The officials whom his father left in charge of the government became convinced that he was unfit to govern, and so deposed and killed him in 424, making his more-capable younger brother Liu Yilong (Emperor Wen) the emperor.