hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scottish Prison Officers' Association
The Scottish Prison Officers' Association (SPOA) was the only official trade union representing operational prison staff in Scotland.

The union was founded in 1971, when the Scottish section of the Prison Officers' Association (POA) decided to split away.  It affiliated to both the Trades Union Congress and the Scottish Trades Union Congress, and by 1980 had 2,344 members.

For some years, the union was led by William Goodall, who was himself imprisoned for embezzling a death benefit due to one of its deceased member's families.  In 2000, the union merged back in to the POA.

Trades Union Congress
The Trades Union Congress (TUC) is a national trade union centre, a federation of trade unions that collectively represent most unionised workers in England and Wales. There are 48 affiliated unions with a total of about 5.5 million members. Paul Nowak is the TUC's current General Secretary, serving from January 2023.
Ken Gnanakan
Kenneth Romesh Gnanakan (1940-2021), popularly known as Ken Gnanakan, was an Indian educator, environmentalist and theologian. He was the General Secretary of Asia Theological Association from 1990 to 2000. He was a frequent speaker worldwide at workshops, seminars and conferences.

Gnanakan was the founder and chancellor of ACTS Group of Institutions, a social organisation with a focus on education. He was the Chairman of ETASI, as well as the Chairman of the International Council for Higher Education, Switzerland. He was also the Vice President of the Global Challenges Forum (GCF), Switzerland and an Advisor to the United Nations Institute of Training and Research (UNITAR), Geneva. He taught in India and in other parts of the world on varied subjects such as management, environment, education, entrepreneurship, theology, and philosophy. Gnanakan was married to Prema and they had two children, Santosh and Anupa. Ken Gnanakan died on 9 May 2021, following a massive heart attack.

United Nations Institute for Training and Research
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) is a dedicated training arm of the United Nations system. UNITAR provides training and capacity development activities to assist mainly developing countries with special attention to Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and other groups and communities who are most vulnerable, including those in conflict situations.
Elizabeth Todd
Elizabeth Sarah Todd is a British psychologist who is Professor of Educational Inclusion and Director of the Institute for Social Science at Newcastle University. She has studied the interaction between schools and their local communities, and how young people engage with societal agendas. She was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in 2020 and appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2025 New Year Honours.

2025 New Year Honours
The 2025 New Year Honours are appointments by King Charles III among the 15 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The New Year Honours are awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January and those for 2025 were announced on 30 December 2024.

The recipients of honours are displayed as styled before appointment to the honour awarded upon the advice of the King's ministers and arranged by country, precedence and grade (i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander, etc.), and then by divisions (i.e. Civil, Diplomatic, and Military), as appropriate.
Gauribas
Gauribas (Nepali: गौरीबास), commonly known as Gauridanda (Nepali: गौरीडाँडा), is a settlement and a ward (Ward No. 3) within Bardibas Municipality in Mahottari District, Madhesh Province of south-eastern Nepal. Previously, it was recognized as a Village Development Committee (VDC). Following the restructuring of local levels in Nepal, Gauribas was integrated into Bardibas Municipality.

As of the 2021 Nepal census, the population of Ward No. 3 (Gauribas) is 8,603.

Historically, at the time of the 1991 Nepal census, Gauribas VDC had a population of 4,308 people living in 810 individual households.

2021 Nepal census
The 2021 Nepal Census was the twelfth nationwide census of Nepal conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The census was originally scheduled from 8 June to 22 June 2021, but was postponed to November 2021 due to a surge in COVID-19 cases.
Valentina Basiul
Valentina Basiul (1982 – 26 November 2025) was a Moldovan journalist. She was particularly known for her investigative journalism, including on issues of corruption in the Moldovan government and the Transnistria conflict.

Transnistria conflict
The Transnistria conflict (Romanian: Conflictul din Transnistria; Russian: Приднестровский конфликт, romanized: Pridnestrovsky konflikt; Ukrainian: Придністровський конфлікт, romanized: Prydnistrovskyi konflikt) is an ongoing frozen conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized state of Transnistria. Its most active phase was the Transnistria War. There have been several unsuccessful attempts to resolve the conflict. The conflict may be considered to have started on 2 September 1990, when Transnistria made a formal sovereignty declaration from Moldova (then part of the Soviet Union).

Transnistria is internationally recognized as a part of Moldova. It has diplomatic recognition only from two Russian-backed separatist states: Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Juliet Geverkof
Juliet Geverkof (born 18 August 1945) more known as Juliet Gevorgian  (Persian: ژولیت گئورگیان, Armenian: Ժուլիէտ Գէորգեան) is an Iranian athlete. She competed in the women's shot put and the women's discus throw at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's shot put
The women's shot put was one of three women's throwing events on the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo.  It was held on 20 October 1964.  17 athletes from 12 nations entered, with 1 not starting the qualification round.
Habemus Capa
Habemus Capa is the third studio album by the Italian rapper Caparezza, released on March 24, 2006. The album title and the final track of the same name are a play on the traditional Latin phrase "Habemus Papa" (more properly Habemus Papam) used to announce the selection of a new Pope.

The idea for the album comes from the idea that Caparezza hypothetically dies, like in the last track of the previous album, but, as he "dies" while he is still alive, he can gain from the success of the album.

Habemus papam
Habemus papam (lit. 'We have a pope') is a Latin phrase used in—as well as the name of—the announcement of the election of a new pope of the Catholic Church, traditionally given by the protodeacon of the College of Cardinals (the senior cardinal deacon in the College) or by the senior cardinal deacon participating in the conclave.

The announcement is made from the central balcony (loggia) of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, overlooking St. Peter's Square. After the announcement, the new pope is presented to the people where he gives his first Urbi et Orbi blessing.
Simo Rundgren
Simo Arttur Rundgren (born 28 June 1953 in Kolari, Finland) is a Finnish politician. He was elected to the Finnish Parliament from Lapland (electoral district) in 2003 and again in 2011. He has a master's degree in Theology and he has worked as a pastor/vicar from 1982 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 2003. Rundgren worked as an Executive Director of  Finnish Centre Youth from 1974 to 1976.

In 2005, he was elected chairman of the Nordic Cultural Fund for the 2006–2007 term.

In the midst of bankruptcy at the Kaunisvaara mine in Sweden, Rundgren advocated for the construction of a railway between the mine and Kolari to increase its financial solvency.

Finnish Centre Youth
Finnish Centre Youth Finnish: Keskustanuoret a Finnish political youth organisation with 1320 members. It is the youth wing of the Centre Party. It is formed by 19 regional organisations and approximately 400 local associations.

The organisation was formerly known as Nuoren Keskustan Liitto and until 1964 Maaseudun Nuorten Liitto.

Finnish Centre Youth is a member of the European Liberal Youth (LYMEC), International Federation of Liberal Youth (IFLRY) and a founding member of the Nordic Centre Youth (NCF).
Henry Martell
Henry Martell (August 3, 1806 – December 21, 1877) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Arichat Township from 1843 to 1859 and Richmond County from 1859 to 1863 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Reformer and later Conservative.

He was born in Arichat, Nova Scotia, of French descent, and was educated there. In 1833, he married Marie Julie Peltier. Martell was a school commissioner and a commissioner for St. Peter's Canal. In 1868, he was named to the province's Legislative Council. He died in Arichat at the age of 71.

Legislative Council of Nova Scotia
The Legislative Council of Nova Scotia was the upper house of the legislature of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.  It existed from 1838 to May 31, 1928. From the establishment of responsible government in 1848, members were appointed by the lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia on the advice of the premier.
FUT6
Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FUT6 gene.

The alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferases constitute a large family of glycosyltransferases with a high degree of homology. The enzymes of this family comprise 3 main activity patterns called myeloid, plasma, and Lewis, based on their capacity to transfer alpha-L-fucose to distinct oligosaccharide acceptors, their sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide inhibition, their cation requirements, and their tissue-specific expression patterns. The different categories of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferases are sequentially expressed during embryo-fetal development.[supplied by OMIM]

N-Ethylmaleimide
N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) is an organic compound that is derived from maleic acid. It is a unstable substance that reacts rapidly with thiols and is commonly used to modify cysteine residues in proteins and peptides.
22577 Alfiuccio
22577 Alfiuccio (provisional designation 1998 HT51) is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 2.4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 April 1998, by the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search at Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, United States. It was named in memory of Alfio Grasso, an Italian boy from Sicily.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Norman Kamosi
Norman Kamosi (1939, Kikongo Belgian Congo – January 24 2021, Kinshasa) was a former airline executive and member of the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Kamosi's father was a minister for the American Baptist Church. When he was fairly young, his father became a teacher at a school in Kinshasa. They were later able to move to the Belgian section of the city, where his father served as mayor.

Kamosi completed graduate studies in Belgium, and then returned to the DR Congo as an executive with Air Congo.

After Laurent Kabila came to power, Kamosi fled to Zambia. He later relocated to the United States. There, he became a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and served as a branch president in Washington, D.C. He later was recruited to assist in the building of the church's Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Temple.

Air Congo
Air Congo S.A. is the flag carrier airline of the Democratic Republic of the Congo launched on 1 December 2024, with its hub at N'djili Airport in Kinshasa. The airline announced it would commence operations by serving domestic destinations. The inaugural flight occurred on 9 December 2024 from N'djili Airport to Lubumbashi International Airport by the Boeing 737-800 9S-AOA leased from Ethiopian Airlines.
David Lancy
David Lancy (born 1945) is an American anthropologist and professor emeritus at Utah State University. He has made original contributions to the comparative study of childhood development and the concept of "chore curriculum." In 2001, he was awarded the Carnegie Foundation's Professor of the Year.

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (CFAT) is a U.S.-based education policy and research center. It was founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1905 and chartered in 1906 by an act of the United States Congress. Among its most notable accomplishments are the development of the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association (TIAA), the Flexner Report on medical education, the Carnegie Unit, the Educational Testing Service, and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
August 2016 Central Italy earthquake
An earthquake, measuring 6.2 ± 0.016 on the moment magnitude scale, hit Central Italy on 24 August 2016 at 03:36:32 CEST (01:36 UTC). Its epicentre was close to Accumoli, with its hypocentre at a depth of 4 ± 1 km, approximately 75 km (47 mi) southeast of Perugia and 45 km (28 mi) north of L'Aquila, in an area near the borders of the Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzo and Marche regions. As of 15 November 2016, 299 people had been killed.

Central Italy
Central Italy (Italian: Italia centrale or Centro Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region with code ITI, and a European Parliament constituency. As of 2025, it has over 11 million inhabitants.
Ducati Multistrada
The Ducati Multistrada is a series of V2 and V4-engined adventure-touring motorcycles. First introduced in 2003 the Multistrada was essentially a novel combination of a comfortable adventure bike and a performant sport-tourer. The name "Multistrada" is an Italian neologism which roughly translates to "many roads", hinting at Ducati's intended versatility of the model.

The Multistrada competes in the same market space as other premium adventure bikes, for example the BMW GS or KTM Super Adventure. While the first iterations of the Multistrada was not intended for heavy off-road use, subsequently other models were introduced that were much more focused on a dual-sport role.

Desmodromic valve
In general mechanical terms, the word desmodromic is used to refer to mechanisms that have different controls for their actuation in different directions.

A desmodromic valve is a reciprocating engine poppet valve that is positively closed by a cam and leverage system, rather than by a more conventional spring.

The valves in a typical four-stroke engine allow the air/fuel mixture into the cylinder at the beginning of the cycle and exhaust spent gases at the end of the cycle. In a conventional four-stroke engine, valves are opened by a cam and closed by return spring. A desmodromic valve has two cams and two actuators, for positive opening and closing without a return spring.
Collinsville Formation
The Collinsville Formation is a geologic formation in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is a metamorphic rock formation from the Middle Ordovician epoch. The U.S. Geological Survey description includes that its "most complete sequence is in Shelburne Falls dome where L.M. Hall has recognized seven mappable subdivisions. With minor modification, they are (ascending) 1) amphibolite with thin felsic gneiss layers; 2) rusty-weathering massive granulites; 3) very homogeneous garnetiferous biotite gneiss; 4) interlayered amphibolite and felsic gneiss; 5) felsic gneiss with scattered biotite +/-magnetite, garnet, and hornblende; 6) interbedded amphibolite and white felsic gneiss; and 7) gray, tan-weathering granulites containing thin coticule layers."

Rock climbers use one of its features in Webb Mountain Park in Monroe, Connecticut.

Felsic
In geology, felsic is a modifier describing igneous rocks that are relatively rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz. It is contrasted with mafic rocks, which are richer in magnesium and iron. Felsic refers to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. Molten felsic magma  and lava is more viscous than molten mafic magma and lava. Felsic magmas and lavas have lower temperatures of melting and solidification than mafic magmas and lavas.

Felsic rocks are usually light in color and have specific gravities less than 3. The most common felsic rock is granite. Common felsic minerals include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars (albite-rich).
John Pearson (footballer, born 1946)
John Pearson (born 18 October 1946) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger in the Football League for York City, in non-League football for Horwich RMI, and was on the books of Manchester United without making a league appearance. He was capped by England schools.

Leigh Genesis F.C.
Leigh Genesis Football Club, formerly known as Horwich RMI (Railway Mechanics Institute) and Leigh RMI, is an English amateur association football club that currently plays in the South Lancashire Counties Football League. The semi-professional senior side folded in 2011, following relegation from the Northern Premier League; however, the club continued, fielding youth teams in the North West Youth Alliance, and a women's team in the North West Women's Regional League. The senior team was reintroduced for the 2012–13 season in the South Lancashire Sunday League.

The club has been based in Leigh, Greater Manchester, and played at Grundy Hill, Hilton Park, Leigh Sports Village, and finally Crilly Park. The highest level at which the club has this far competed is the Conference National, between 2000 and 2005; it reached the FA Cup first round proper on five separate occasions between 1928 and 2004.
Elvira Fernández de Córdoba
Elvira Fernández de Córdoba y Manrique de Figueroa (c. 1500 – 1524) was a Spanish noblewoman, the only surviving daughter of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (d. 1515), a Spanish general involved with the Italian Wars and viceroy of Naples from 1503 to 1507, and his second wife  Maria Manrique de Lara y Espinoza (d. 1527).

In 1518 she married a cousin, Luis Fernández de Córdoba.
Elvira died quite young in childbirth in 1524, and her husband shortly after, in 1526,  on campaign in Italy.
She is of some importance for the genealogy of the Grandees of Spain as she inherited the ducal titles created for her father by the Catholic Monarchs. She had four children, Gonzalo (1520–1578), Francisca (d. 1597), Beatriz and María.
Her titles passed to Gonzalo, then to Francisca, and then to the son of Beatriz, Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona (1550–1606).

House of Lara
The House of Lara (Spanish: Casa de Lara) is a noble family from the medieval Kingdom of Castile. Two of its branches, one of the Dukes of Nájera and one of the Marquises of Aguilar de Campoo were considered Grandees of Spain. The Lara family gained numerous territories in Castile, León, Andalucía, and Galicia and members of the family moved throughout the former Spanish colonies, establishing branches as far away as the Philippines and Argentina.

The House of Lara were most prominent in the history of Castile and León from the 11th to the 14th century. Álvaro Núñez de Lara served as regent for Henry I of Castile. They were dispossessed of much of their land by Peter the Cruel, but most was returned by Henry II.
2016 Copa Colombia
The 2016 Copa Colombia, officially the 2016 Copa Águila for sponsorship reasons, was the 14th edition of the Copa Colombia, the national cup competition for clubs of DIMAYOR. It began on 10 February and ended on 17 November. The tournament comprised a total of 36 teams, and the winners were Atlético Nacional, who defeated defending champions Junior 3–1 on aggregate score in the final. However, neither Atlético Nacional nor Junior earned a berth to the 2017 Copa Sudamericana for having qualified for the Copa Libertadores, with semifinalists Deportes Tolima qualifying instead.

2017 Copa Sudamericana
The 2017 Copa CONMEBOL Sudamericana was the 16th edition of the CONMEBOL Sudamericana (also referred to as the Copa Sudamericana, or Portuguese: Copa Sul-Americana), South America's secondary club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL.

Argentinian club Independiente defeated Brazilian club Flamengo in the finals by an aggregate score of 3–2 to win their second tournament title. As champions, Independiente earned the right to play against the winners of the 2017 Copa Libertadores in the 2018 Recopa Sudamericana, and the winners of the 2017 J.League Cup in the 2018 Suruga Bank Championship. They also automatically qualified for the 2018 Copa Libertadores group stage.

Chapecoense were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Flamengo in the round of 16. They qualified for the tournament after finishing third in their 2017 Copa Libertadores group.
Orangeburg Dodgers
The Orangeburg Dodgers were a minor league baseball team based in Orangeburg, South Carolina that played in the Class-A Western Carolinas League in 1974. They were an affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers, and finished in 4th place with a 63-71 record in their single season of play.: 585  Four of their players went on to play in the major leagues, most notably, Pedro Guerrero. They were managed by Bart Shirley.

The team had played in 1973 as the Orangeburg Cardinals, a co-op team featuring players from multiple franchises.: 585  Randy Poffo played for the Cardinals in 1973, but later stepped away from baseball and gained fame as the professional wrestler "Macho Man" Randy Savage. The first Orangeburg team was the Orangeburg Cotton Pickers, who played as members of the South Carolina League from 1906 to 1908.: 508

Orangeburg, South Carolina
Orangeburg is the principal city in and the county seat of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population of the city was 13,964 according to the 2020 census. The city is located 37 miles southeast of Columbia, on the north fork of the Edisto River.

Two historically black institutions of higher education are located in Orangeburg: Claflin University (a liberal arts college) and South Carolina State University (a public university).
Jordan Perez
Jordan López Pérez (born 13 November 1986) is a Gibraltarian volleyball player and footballer who plays for Lions Gibraltar in the Gibraltar Football League, and represented the Gibraltar national team in UEFA competition from 2013 until 2017, as a goalkeeper.

Gibraltar Football League
The Gibraltar Football League is the only senior tier of association football in Gibraltar, founded in 2019 as the Gibraltar National League after a merger of the Gibraltar Premier Division, which served as the top division of football on the Rock since 1905, and the Gibraltar Second Division, which had existed since 1909. It was announced in August 2019 by the Gibraltar Football Association. The league is supported by the Gibraltar Intermediate League for U23 sides.