hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christian Wagner
Christian Wagner is an American film editor who has edited films such as Face/Off (1997) and Mission: Impossible 2 (2000). He is also best known collaborating numerous times with film director Tony Scott, from the films True Romance (1993) to Domino (2005). He also co-edited the fourth through eighth installments of The Fast and the Furious film series.

Tony Scott
Anthony David Leighton Scott (21 June 1944 – 19 August 2012) was an English film director and producer. He made his theatrical film debut with The Hunger (1983) and went on to direct highly successful action and thriller films such as Top Gun (1986), Beverly Hills Cop II (1987), Days of Thunder (1990), The Last Boy Scout (1991), True Romance (1993), Crimson Tide (1995), Enemy of the State (1998), Man on Fire (2004), Déjà Vu (2006), The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009) and Unstoppable (2010).

Scott was the younger brother of film director Ridley Scott. They both graduated from the Royal College of Art in London, and were among a generation of British film directors who were successful in Hollywood having started their careers making television commercials. In 1995, both Tony and Ridley received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema. In 2010, they received the BAFTA Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment.
Battle of Virbalis
Battle of Virbalis (Russian: Битва у Вержболово), was one of the largest battles of the first 16 days of the World War I, during which the parties were preparing to conduct full-scale operations.

10,000 German troops attacked 2,500 Russians on the station, the Germans wanted to destroy the train station to slow down the mobilization of the Russians, but they could not take it and had to retreat. It is the first battle of the World War 1 Eastern Front.

Mobilization
Mobilization (alternatively spelled as mobilisation) is the act of assembling and readying military troops and supplies for war. The word mobilization was first used in a military context in the 1850s to describe the preparation of the Prussian Army. Mobilization theories and tactics have continuously changed since then. The opposite of mobilization is demobilization.

Mobilization institutionalized the Levée en masse (engl. mass levy of conscripts) that was first introduced during the French Revolution. It became an issue with the introduction of conscription, and the introduction of the railways in the 19th century.

A number of technological and societal changes promoted the move towards a more organized way of deployment. These included the telegraph to provide rapid communication, the railways to provide rapid movement and concentration of troops, and conscription to provide a trained reserve of soldiers in case of war.
George Malcolm-Smith
George Malcolm-Smith (1901–1984) was an American novelist and jazz musicologist. A 1925 graduate of Trinity College, he hosted the first iteration of "Gems of American Jazz", a jazz radio program on WTIC-FM in Hartford, Connecticut, from 1942 to 1950. He also hosted two nationally syndicated  programs for National Public Radio: "Gems of American Jazz" and "Other Gems of Jazz."  They were produced at WPKT, Public Radio in Hartford.

He wrote eight humorous novels, most with "salty pictures by Carl Rose." His first novel was adapted into a Broadway musical in 1945 entitled Are You With It?. The musical was in turn adapted into a 1948 film.

He collected a large number of items related to jazz, which were given to the Watkinson Library at Trinity College after his death as dictated in his will.

Trinity College (Connecticut)
Trinity College is a private liberal arts college in Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Founded as Washington College in 1823, it is the second-oldest college in the state of Connecticut. Coeducational since 1969, the college enrolls 2,235 students.  Trinity offers 41 majors and 28 interdisciplinary minors. The college is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC).
Kilusiktogmiut
The Kilusiktogmiut were a Copper Inuit subgroup. They lived on Victoria Island, east of the Nagyuktogmiut who were known to inhabit the area northeast of Lady Franklin Point. They also lived on the mainland along the Coronation Gulf, particularly at the mouth of the Mackenzie River. They spent at least some time on the Banks Peninsula by Bathurst Inlet.

Lady Franklin Point
Lady Franklin Point is a landform in the Canadian Arctic territory of Nunavut. It is located on southwestern Victoria Island in the Coronation Gulf by Austin Bay at the eastern entrance of Dolphin and Union Strait.

The point is uninhabited but still had an active North Warning System. Originally part of the Distant Early Warning Line in the Northwest Territories, the site is known as PIN-3. On 10 January 2000, the unmanned site caught fire and was almost totally destroyed.

Named after Jane Griffin, Lady Franklin, it was the historical area of Nagyuktogmiut, a Copper Inuit subgroup.
Josiah Phillips
Private Josiah Phillips (c. 1830 – December 11, 1894) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War for the Union. Phillips served in the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry regiment, a volunteer regiment that was a part of the Army of the Potomac. Phillips received the United States' highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Phillips's medal was won for his capturing of the flag during the Battle of Sutherland's Station on April 2, 1865. He was honored with the Medal of Honor by President Andrew Johnson on May 10, 1865.

Phillips was born in Wyoming County in New York, and entered service in Ulysses, Pennsylvania, where the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment was recruiting. Phillips is buried in South Lawrence Cemetery in De Pere, Wisconsin.

Ulysses, Pennsylvania
Ulysses is a borough in Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 600 at the 2020 census.  The borough is located in a rural farming and forested area in north central Pennsylvania, which is known as the Pennsylvania Wilds.   It also stands in the middle of the Triple Continental Divide.  In 2019 the borough celebrated its sesquicentennial.
Sergei Bortkiewicz
Sergei Eduardovich Bortkiewicz (28 February 1877 [O.S. 16 February] – 25 October 1952) was a Romantic composer and pianist. He moved to Vienna in 1922 and became a naturalized Austrian citizen in 1926.

Musikverein
The Wiener Musikverein (German: [ˌviːnɐ muˈziːkfɐ̯ˌaɪn] or German: [ˌviːnɐ muˈziːkfəˌʁaɪn]; German for 'Viennese Music Association'), commonly shortened to Musikverein, is a concert hall in Vienna, Austria, which is located in the Innere Stadt district. The building opened in 1870 and is the home of the Vienna Philharmonic orchestra.

The acoustics of the building's 'Great Hall' (Großer Saal) have earned it recognition alongside other prominent concert halls, such as the Konzerthaus in Berlin, the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam and Symphony Hall in Boston. With the exception of Boston's Symphony Hall, none of these halls were built in the modern era with the application of architectural acoustics, and all share a long, tall and narrow shoebox shape.
2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses
The 2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucus was held on January 3, and was the state caucuses of the Iowa Democratic Party. It was the first election for the Democrats of the 2008 presidential election. Also referred to as "the First in the Nation Caucus," it was the first election of the primary season on both the Democratic and Republican sides. Of the eight major Democratic presidential candidates, then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois received the most votes and was ultimately declared the winner of the Iowa Democratic Caucus of 2008, making him the first African American to win the caucus and the first African American to win a primary state since Jesse Jackson in 1988. Former U.S. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina came in second place and then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York finished third, though Clinton received more delegates than Edwards. Campaigning had begun as early as two years before the event.

Caucus
A caucus is a group or meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The exact definition varies between different countries and political cultures.

The term originated in the United States, where it can refer to a meeting of members of a political party to nominate candidates, plan policy, etc., in the United States Congress, or other similar representative organs of government. It has spread to certain Commonwealth countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, where it generally refers to a regular meeting of all members of Parliament (MPs) who belong to a parliamentary party: a party caucus may have the ability to elect or dismiss the party's parliamentary leader. The term was used historically in the United Kingdom to refer to the Liberal Party's internal system of management and control.
Jordi Mestre
Jordi Mestre Molina (14 September 1981 – 6 June 2020), best known as Jordi Mestre, was a Spanish actor and model, who became famous for  his work as reporter on the successful, former Spanish TV show Sé lo que hicisteis....

Nivea
Nivea (German pronunciation: [niˈveːa] ⓘ, stylized as NIVEA) is a German personal care brand that specializes in skin and body care. It is owned by the Hamburg-based company Beiersdorf Global AG, who also makes the Eucerin brand. Nivea comes from the Latin adjective niveus meaning "snow-white".

In the 1930s, Beiersdorf produced various products such as tanning oil, shaving cream, shampoo, facial cleanser, and toners. During World War II, the trademark "NIVEA" was expropriated in many countries. After the war, Beiersdorf repurchased the rights. During the 1980s, the NIVEA brand expanded into a wider market.
Kim Hee-won (director)
Kim Hee-won (Korean: 김희원; Hanja: 金熙元) is a South Korean television director. One of her most notable works is the tvN series Vincenzo (2021), the third instalment of Park Jae-beom's "Justice Trilogy", for which she received a Best Director nomination at the 57th Baeksang Art Awards. Additionally, she earned the Minister of Culture, Sports, and Tourism Commendation at the 2021 Korea Content Awards.

Studio Dragon
Studio Dragon Corporation (Korean: 스튜디오드래곤 주식회사) is a South Korean drama production, marketing and distribution company under CJ ENM Entertainment Division. It was established on May 3, 2016, as a spin-off from E&M's drama division. In 2018, Studio Dragon became a subsidiary of CJ ENM after their previous parent company, CJ E&M, was merged into CJ ENM.

The company joined the KOSDAQ index of the Korea Exchange, the same index where its parent company is listed, through an initial public offering on November 24, 2017.

Studio Dragon has partnered with Netflix to carry numerous TVN dramas like Crash Landing on You and It's Okay to Not Be Okay on the platform. Their partnership was expected to expire in 2022 as CJ ENM, founder of Studio Dragon, has decided to focus on TVING following the merger with KT Seezn, which also owned minority shares on KT StudioGenie, who founded the streaming platform Seezn.
2018 WAFU Zone B Women's Cup
The 2018 WAFU Zone B Women's Cup was the maiden edition of the international women's football event for teams from Zone B of the West African Football Union (WAFU). The competition was hosted by Ivory Coast at three match venues. Ghana defeated Ivory Coast in the final, making them simultaneously champions of both the men's and women's regional tournaments. Portia Boakye was the top scorer with four goals.

2017 WAFU Cup of Nations
The 2017 WAFU Cup of Nations (also referred to as Ghana 2017) was an association football tournament that took place in September 2017 in Ghana.

Sixteen teams from West Africa participated. The tournament was the first featuring national teams to be arranged by Fox Sports as part of a twelve year partnership between the broadcaster and the West Africa national football associations union.

Originally, one of the two host cities was set to be Sekondi-Takoradi however the local organising committee changed it to Elmina due to "structural defects at the Sekondi-Takoradi Stadium and the danger it could pose to fans during the tournament".
Oxalis bowiei
Oxalis bowiei, Bowie's wood-sorrel, red-flower woodsorrel, or Cape shamrock, is a plant from the genus Oxalis, which is native to what was Cape Province and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. It has also been naturalized in Australia.

It is named after James Bowie who collected plants for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew at the beginning of the 19th century.

Its flowering stems may be a foot or more in height and are produced continuously for a considerable length of time during summer.

Shamrock
A shamrock is a type of clover, used as a symbol of Ireland. The word shamrock comes from Irish seamróg ([ˈʃamˠ.ɾˠoːɡ]), which is the diminutive of the Irish word seamair and simply means "young clover".

At most times, Shamrock refers to either the species Trifolium dubium (lesser/yellow clover, Irish: seamair bhuí) or Trifolium repens (white clover, Irish: seamair bhán). However, other three-leaved plants—such as Medicago lupulina, Trifolium pratense, and Oxalis acetosella—are sometimes called shamrocks. The shamrock was traditionally used for its medicinal properties, and was a popular motif in Victorian times.
Finnmark (Storting constituency)
Finnmark (Northern Sami: Finnmárku; Kven: Finmarkku) is one of the 19 multi-member constituencies of the Storting, which is the national legislature of Norway. The constituency was established in 1921 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Storting. It is conterminous with the county of Finnmark. The constituency currently elects eight of the 169 members of the Storting using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2025 parliamentary election Finnmark had 54,610 registered electors.

Kven language
Kven (kvääni; kainu; Finnish: kveeni; Norwegian: kvensk) is a Finnic language spoken in the northernmost parts of Norway by the Kven people. It is closely related to Meänkieli, spoken in Torne Valley in Sweden, and to the Peräpohjola dialects of Finnish. The status of Kven as a distinct language versus a dialect of Finnish has been debated. In 2005, Kven received the status of a minority language in Norway under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

There are about 1,500 to 10,000 known native speakers, most of whom are over the age of 60. Middle-aged speakers tend to have a passing knowledge of the language. They use it occasionally, but not frequently enough to keep it off the endangered list. People under the age of 30 rarely speak or know the language. However, children in the community of Børselv can learn Kven in their primary schools.
Counties of Ireland
The counties of Ireland (Irish: Contaetha na hÉireann) are historic administrative divisions of the island. They began as Norman structures, and as the powers exercised by the Cambro-Norman barons and the Old English nobility waned over time, new offices of political control were established at a county level. The number of counties varied depending on the time period, however thirty-two is the traditionally accepted and used number.

In 1921, upon the partition of Ireland, six of the traditional counties became part of Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland, counties ceased to be used for local government in 1973. Districts are instead used. In the Republic of Ireland, some counties have been split, resulting in the creation of new counties: there are currently 26 counties, 3 cities and 2 cities and counties that demarcate areas of local government in the Republic.

Local government in Northern Ireland
Local government in Northern Ireland is divided among 11 single-tier districts known as local government districts (abbreviated LGDs) and formerly known as district council areas (DCAs). Councils in Northern Ireland do not carry out the same range of functions as those in the rest of the United Kingdom; for example they have no responsibility for education, road-building or housing (although they do nominate members to the advisory Northern Ireland Housing Council). Their 
functions include planning, waste and recycling services, leisure and community services, building control and local economic and cultural development. The collection of rates is handled centrally by the Land and Property Services agency of the Northern Ireland Executive.
Mary Kollock
Mary Kollock (August 20, 1832 – January 12, 1911) was an American landscape painter.

Mary Kollock was born on August 20, 1832 in Norfolk, Virginia, the daughter of Rev. Shepard Kosciuszko Kollock and Sarah Harris Kollock.

She studied art at the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts under Robert Wylie, then moved to New York City and studied at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students' League and under John B. Bristol and A. H. Wyant. She went to Paris and studied at the Académie Julian, then opened a studio there and studied under Paul-Louis Delance, Callot, and Lewis Deschamps.  From 1895 to 1897, she was head of the art department at St. Helen's Hall, a school in Portland, Oregon.  She exhibited her work regularly, including at the Centennial Exposition.

Mary Kollock died on 12 January 1911 in New York City.

Centennial Exposition
The Centennial International Exhibition, officially the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10 to November 10, 1876. It was the first official world's fair to be held in the United States and coincided with the centennial anniversary of the Declaration of Independence's adoption in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776.

It was held in Fairmount Park along the Schuylkill River on fairgrounds designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann. Nearly 10 million visitors attended the exposition, and 37 countries participated in it.
Tom Sutcliffe (opera critic)
Tom Sutcliffe (born 4 June 1943) is an English opera critic, author and journalist.  He was also until 2015 a lay member of the General Synod of the Church of England, first elected for the Diocese of Southwark in 1990. From 2002 until 2011 he was a member of the Cathedrals Fabric Commission for England.

Anglican Diocese of Southwark
The Diocese of Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/ ⓘ SUDH-ərk) is one of the 42 dioceses of the Church of England, part of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The diocese forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. It was created on 1 May 1905 from part of the ancient Diocese of Rochester that was served by a suffragan bishop of Southwark from 1891 to 1905. Before 1877, most of the area was part of the ancient Diocese of Winchester, with a small part near the southern end of the London Bridge being part of the ancient Diocese of London.

The cathedral parish is the 13th century, gothic Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie.
Kaasgrabenkirche
The Kaasgrabenkirche, also known as the Wallfahrtskirche “Mariä Schmerzen”, is a Roman Catholic parish and pilgrimage church in the suburb of Grinzing in the 19th district of Vienna, Döbling. The church has been managed since 1903 by the order of the Oblates of St. Francis de Sales and is equally the seat of the branch of the order covering Austria and Southern Germany. It has had the status of a parish church since 1939.

The name Kaasgrabenkirche hearkens back to an old name for the local area, which probably indicates the presence of water (mineral springs) that were rich in iron and sulphur. The smell and colour of this water resembled whey, which is sometimes referred to as Käsewasser (literally, cheese water) in German. References survive from 1280 to Chezwazzeresgraben and from 1331 to Cheswassergraben.

Whey
Whey, also known as milk serum, is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained. It is a byproduct of the manufacturing of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses. Sweet whey is a byproduct of the making of rennet types of hard cheese, like cheddar or Swiss cheese. Acid whey (also known as sour whey) is a byproduct of the making of acidic dairy products such as strained yogurt.

Whey proteins consist of β-lactoglobulin (48%–58%), α-lactalbumin (13%–19%), Glycomacropeptide (12%–20%), bovine serum albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulins and several minor whey proteins.
Interception of Communications Act 1985
The Interception of Communications Act 1985 (1985 c. 56) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. It came into operation as of 10 April 1986.

The Act created the offence of unlawfully intercepting communications sent by post or by a "public telecommunications system"; those guilty were liable, on conviction, to a fine or up to two years imprisonment. It provided for a system of warrants to permit legal interception, and laid down cases where interception could be done lawfully, stating that having reasonable grounds to believe that the other party consented to interception was a defence.

The Act also established a complaints tribunal (which in 2000 was subsumed into the Investigatory Powers Tribunal), and created the post of Interception of Communications Commissioner to review the workings of the Act. It amended parts of the Telecommunications Act 1984.

This Act has since been repealed by schedule 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000.

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23) (RIP or RIPA) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, regulating the powers of public bodies to carry out surveillance and investigation, and covering the interception of communications. It was introduced by the Tony Blair Labour government ostensibly  to take account of technological change such as the growth of the Internet and strong encryption.

The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Bill was introduced in the House of Commons on 9 February 2000 and completed its parliamentary passage on 26 July.

Following a public consultation and Parliamentary debate, Parliament approved new additions in December 2003, April 2005, July 2006 and February 2010. A draft bill was put before Parliament during 4 November 2015.
Bagamoyo Historic Town
Bagamoyo Historic Town or Bagamoyo Stone Town (Mji wa Kale wa Bagamoyo au Mji Mkongwe wa Bagamoyo, In Swahili), is the historic section of Bagamoyo town in Bagamoyo District of Pwani Region. Due to its historic significance spanning centuries and empires, Old Bagamoyo is a National Historic Site of Tanzania. The settlement was first inhabited in the 8th century as a Zaramo village and then a Swahili stone settlement, satellite to Kaole. One of the most significant trading hubs on the coast of East Africa, Bagamoyo served as the last halt for ivory caravans making their way on foot from Lake Tanganyika to Zanzibar.

Bagamoyo District, Pwani
Bagamoyo District (Wilaya ya Bagamoyo, in Swahili) is one of eight administrative districts of Pwani Region in Tanzania. The district covers an area of 945 km2 (365 sq mi). The district is surrounded by the Chalinze District to the north and west, the Zanzibar Channel to the east, the Kibaha District to the south, and the Kinondoni District to the south-east in the Dar es Salaam Region. The district is comparable in size to the land area of Turks and Caicos Islands.  The district capital is Bagamoyo. As of 2022, the population of Bagamoyo district is 205,478.