hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Symbolic programming
In computer programming, symbolic programming is a programming paradigm in which the program can manipulate its own formulas and program components as if they were plain data.

Through symbolic programming, complex processes can be developed that build other more intricate processes by combining smaller units of logic or functionality.  Thus, such programs can effectively modify themselves and appear to "learn", which makes them better suited for applications such as artificial intelligence, expert systems, natural language processing, and computer games.

Languages that support symbolic programming include homoiconic languages such as Wolfram Language, Lisp, Prolog, and Julia.

Expert system
In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural programming code.  Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software. They were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s, being then widely regarded as the future of AI — before the advent of successful artificial neural networks.
An expert system is divided into two subsystems: 1) a knowledge base, which represents facts and rules; and 2) an inference engine, which applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts, and can include explaining and debugging abilities.
1968 Southwark London Borough Council election
Elections to Southwark Council were held in May 1968.  The whole council was up for election. Turnout was 20.7%. There were 23 wards.

This election had aldermen as well as councillors. Labour got all ten aldermen as well as 33 directly elected councillors.

London Borough of Southwark
The London Borough of Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/ ⓘ SUDH-ərk) in South London forms part of Inner London and is connected by bridges across the River Thames to the City of London and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas were amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963. All districts of the area are within the London postal district. It is governed by Southwark London Borough Council.

The part of the South Bank within the borough is home to London Bridge terminus station and the attractions of The Shard, Tate Modern, Shakespeare's Globe and Borough Market that are the largest of the venues in Southwark to draw domestic and international tourism. Dulwich is home to the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Imperial War Museum is in Elephant and Castle. Major districts include Bermondsey, Rotherhithe, Peckham, Camberwell, and Dulwich.
Hiroshi Takeshima
Hiroshi Takeshima (竹島 宏, Takeshima Hiroshi, born August 28, 1978) is a Japanese enka singer. He has one major hit with "Sapporo Elegy" in 2001. On December 30, 2021, Takeshima won the Japan Composer's Association Award at the 63rd Japan Record Awards.

Enka
Enka (演歌) is a Japanese music genre considered to resemble traditional Japanese music stylistically. Modern enka, however, is a relatively recent musical form which adopts a more traditional musical style in its vocalism than ryūkōka music, popular during the prewar years.

Modern enka, as developed in the postwar era, is a form of sentimental ballad music. Some of the first modern enka singers were Hachiro Kasuga, Michiya Mihashi, and Hideo Murata. The revival of enka in its modern form is said to date from 1969, when Keiko Fuji made her debut. The most famous male enka singers are Shinichi Mori and Kiyoshi Hikawa.
Haltwhistle railway station
Haltwhistle is a railway station on the Tyne Valley Line, which runs between Newcastle and Carlisle via Hexham. The station, situated 22 miles 66 chains (22.8 mi; 36.7 km) east of Carlisle, serves the market town of Haltwhistle in Northumberland, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Alfred Wainwright
Alfred Wainwright MBE (17 January 1907 – 20 January 1991), who preferred to be known as A. Wainwright or A.W., was a British fellwalker, guidebook author and illustrator. His seven-volume Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, published between 1955 and 1966 and consisting entirely of reproductions of his manuscript, has become the standard reference work to 214 of the fells of the English Lake District. Among his 40-odd other books is the first guide to the Coast to Coast Walk, a 182-mile (293-kilometre) long-distance footpath devised by Wainwright which remains popular today.
2010 Liberty Bowl (December)
The 2010 Liberty Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game played at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, on December 31, 2010. The 52nd edition of the Liberty Bowl matched up the Georgia Bulldogs of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) against the UCF Knights, the Conference USA champions. With sponsorship from AutoZone, the game was officially the AutoZone Liberty Bowl. The game was won by UCF, 10–6.

The game marked UCF's second appearance in the Liberty Bowl. In the 2007 edition, the Knights had lost to Mississippi State. With a 1–1 record in prior appearances, this was Georgia's third trip to the Liberty Bowl.

AutoZone
AutoZone, Inc., doing business as AutoZone (and formerly known as Auto Shack from 1979 to 1987), is an American retailer of aftermarket automotive parts and accessories, the largest in the United States. Founded in 1979, AutoZone has 7,140 stores across the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Brazil, and the US Virgin Islands. The company is based in Memphis, Tennessee.
Modest Stein
Modest Stein (February 22, 1871 – February 26, 1958), born Modest Aronstam, was a Lithuanian Jewish and American illustrator and close associate of the anarchists Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman. He was Berkman's cousin and intended replacement in the attempted assassination of Henry Clay Frick, an industrialist and union buster, in 1892. Later Stein abandoned active anarchism and became a successful newspaper, pulp magazine, and book illustrator, while continuing to support Berkman and Goldman financially.

Homestead strike
The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike, Homestead massacre, or Battle of Homestead, was an industrial lockout and strike that occurred in the United States, in 1892. It began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle in which strikers defeated private security agents on July 6, 1892.   
The governor responded by sending in the National Guard to protect strikebreakers. The dispute occurred at the Homestead Steel Works in the Pittsburgh-area town of Homestead, Pennsylvania, between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company. The final result was a major defeat for the union strikers and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers. The battle was a pivotal event in U.S. labor history.
A Frost Scene
A Frost Scene is an 1827 oil painting by the British artist William Collins. Combining elements of landscape and genre paintings, it shows a variety of activities on a frozen-over river. Although Collins hoped to produce the work quickly, he ended up spending months bringing it up to completion.

It was commissioned in 1825 by the politician and art collector Robert Peel, them Home Secretary who paid five hundred guineas for the work. It was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1827 at Somerset House in London. Today it is in the Yale Center for British Art in Connecticut as part of the Paul Mellon Collection.

Yale Center for British Art
The Yale Center for British Art at Yale University in central New Haven, Connecticut, houses the largest and most comprehensive collection of British art outside the United Kingdom. The collection of paintings, sculpture, drawings, prints, rare books, and manuscripts reflects the development of British art and culture from the Elizabethan period onward. Its director is currently Martina Droth.
Taeme language
Taeme (or Tame) is a Pahoturi language spoken in Kondobol ward, northeast Morehead Rural LLG, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken by 834 people in Taeme village (8°02′48″S 141°31′31″E﻿ / ﻿8.046723°S 141.525347°E﻿ / -8.046723; 141.525347﻿ (Taeme Community School)), Kondobol ward, Morehead Rural LLG.

Taeme is most closely related to Idi.

Western Province (Papua New Guinea)
Western Province is a coastal province in southwestern Papua New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian provinces of Highland Papua and South Papua. The provincial capital is Daru. The largest town in the province is Tabubil. Other major settlements are Kiunga, Ningerum, Olsobip and Balimo.

The provincial government has, as with the governments of  North Solomons, Chimbu and Northern provinces, sought to change the name of the province. The government uses the name Fly River Provincial Government; however, this remains unofficial as it has not been changed in the Constitution of Papua New Guinea.
Milla-Maj Majasaari
Milla-Maj Majasaari (Finnish: [ˈmilːɑˌmɑj ˈmɑjɑˌsɑːri]; born 15 October 1999) is a Finnish football goalkeeper who plays for Crystal Palace in the Women's Super League and the Finland national team.

She has previously played in the Kansallinen Liiga at NiceFutis, TPS and FC Honka.

Finland women's national football team
The Finland women's national football team (Finnish: Suomen naisten jalkapallomaajoukkue, Swedish: Finlands damlandslag i fotboll), also known as nickname The Boreal Owls (Finnish: Helmarit), represents Finland in international women's football.  The team, controlled by the Football Association of Finland (SPL/FBF), reached the semi-finals of the 2005 European Championship, surprising the female football world having drawn with Sweden and beaten Denmark before losing to Germany in the semifinals. Finland hosted the 2009 European Championship.

The Finnish team has had a few players that are considered to be among the best in women's football, such as Laura Österberg Kalmari, Sanna Valkonen and Anne Mäkinen.

As of December 2023, the team is ranked 27th in the FIFA world ranking.
Fanyikang Game Reserve
The Fanyikang Game Reserve is a protected area in South Sudan, Africa. It is within a Ramsar site. The 480 square kilometres (190 sq mi) flooded grassland and woodland habitat features key species of Nile Lechwe.

Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

Every three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.
Horshim
Horshim (Hebrew: חוֹרְשִׁים, lit. 'Ploughmen') is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the south of the Sharon plain and covering 3,000 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 350.

The kibbutz industries include Termokir (a building materials manufacturer) and various forms of agriculture such as a dairy and an avocado farm.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Kasia Glowicka
Kasia Glowicka (born Katarzyna Głowicka, October 12, 1979), also known as Katarina Glowicka, is a Polish composer and lecturer of computer music at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels.

Her body of musical work encompasses compositions for opera, theater, ballet and film. As a playwright, she focuses her work on current social issues.

As a composer, her work spans a range of styles in experimental, minimalism, Avant-garde, art music and contemporary classical music genres, written for orchestra, small ensembles, or solos and often accompanied by electronic music.

In 2004 she married composer Henry Vega and they reside in the Netherlands. They are founding directors of the Artek Foundation and its recording label, ARTEKsounds.

Glowicka's collaborations include works with the Dutch symphony orchestra Het Balletorkest, an affiliate of Het Nationale Ballet, plus Ensemble Recherche and Ties Mellema. Her scores are published by the Dutch institute Donemus.

Dutch National Ballet
The Dutch National Ballet (Dutch: Het Nationale Ballet) is the official and largest ballet company in the Netherlands. Its forerunners were Ballet Der Lage Landen, Ballet of the Nederlandse Opera, Amsterdam Ballet, and Netherlands Ballet (Nederlands Ballet). As of March 2025 the company is directed by Ted Brandsen.
Sufia Ahmed
Sufia Ahmed (née Ibrahim;  20 November 1932 – 9 April 2020) was a Bangladeshi academic. She was selected as the first female National Professor of Bangladesh in January 1995. She was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2002 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh is a non political and non profit research organisation registered under both Society Act of 1864 and NGO Affairs Bureau, Government of Bangladesh. The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh was established as the Asiatic Society of East Pakistan in Dhaka in 1952 by a number of Muslim leaders, and renamed in 1972. Ahmed Hasan Dani, a noted Muslim historian and archaeologist of Pakistan played an important role in founding this society. He was assisted by Muhammad Shahidullah, a Bengali linguist. The society is housed in Nimtali, walking distance from the Curzon Hall of Dhaka University, locality of Old Dhaka.
CHWA-FM
CHWA-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts at 102.1 FM in Watson Lake, Yukon. Owned by the Liard First Nation FM Society, the station broadcasts a community radio format for First Nations in the region.

CHWA also has a rebroadcaster in Upper Liard, operating on 99.9 FM with the call sign VF2330.

Upper Liard
Upper Liard (pronounced "lee-ahrd") is a chiefly First Nation settlement immediately west of Watson Lake in Canada's Yukon. It is situated at historical mile 642 of the Alaska Highway. Most of the residents are citizens of the Liard River First Nation, who also prominently populate the Two Mile area just north of Watson Lake.
Kwalean languages
The Kwalean or Humene–Uare languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

The Kwalean languages are spoken in Rigo District, Central Province, Papua New Guinea.

Papuan Peninsula
The Papuan Peninsula, also known as the Bird's Tail Peninsula, is a large peninsula in Papua New Guinea, southeast of the city of Lae, that makes up the southeastern portion of the island of New Guinea. The peninsula is the easternmost extent of the New Guinea Highlands and consists largely of the Owen Stanley Range, with peaks such as Mount Victoria (4,038 m) and Mount Suckling (3,676 m). On the south coast is Port Moresby, the capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea.

The island of New Guinea is often visualized as being in the shape of a bird, with the Bird's Head Peninsula being at the northwest end of the island, and the Bird's Tail Peninsula at the southeast end. For example, American soldiers in WWII visualized it specifically as a turkey, and referenced the anatomy of the bird as a shorthand for explaining where various actions and deployments occurred on the island.

The island has also been visualised as a lizard.
Manassakshi
Manassakshi (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1968 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by S. K. A. Chari and produced by A. L. Srinivasan. The film stars Rajkumar, Bharathi, Narasimharaju and M. P. Shankar. The film has musical score by G. K. Venkatesh. The movie was a remake of the 1956 Hindi movie Pocket Maar which was earlier remade in Tamil in 1961 as Thirudathe and later in Telugu in 1970 as Marina Manishi.

G. K. Venkatesh
Gurusala Krishnadas Venkatesh (21 September 1927 – 17 November 1993) was an Indian film score composer who primarily worked in Kannada cinema during the 1960s, 1970s and until the late-1980s. He also composed music for Telugu, Malayalam and Tamil films. He produced numerous master pieces of Kannada film music and also brought in Western background score into Kannada films and scored music for all Bond movies of Rajkumar in the 1960s to 1970s.
1990 UEFA European Under-16 Championship
The 1990 UEFA European Under-16 Championship was the 8th edition of the UEFA's European Under-16 Football Championship. Players born on or after 1 August 1973 were eligible to participate in this competition. Then East Germany hosted the 16 teams that contested 17–27 May 1990.

Portugal unsuccessfully defended their first title.

Czechoslovakia won their first title.

UEFA European Under-17 Championship
The UEFA European Under-17 Championship, or simply the Euro Under-17, is an annual football competition contested by the men's under-17 national teams of the UEFA member associations.

Spain is the most successful team in this competition, having won nine titles. Portugal are the current champions, having won their 7th title following a 3–0 victory over France in the 2025 final.
2019 Women's Volleyball Kor Royal Cup
The 2019 Women's Volleyball Kor Royal Cup is the latest edition of the Women's Volleyball Kor Royal Cup, the tournament patronized by Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, The Princess Royal of Thailand for women's senior volleyball clubs, also known as 2019 Sealect Tuna Women's Senior Volleyball Kor Royal Cup Thailand Championship due to the sponsorship deal with Sealect Tuna. A total of 6 teams competed in the tournament.

UTC+07:00
UTC+07:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +07:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2026-02-17T21:18:31+07:00. It is seven hours ahead of UTC, meaning that when the time in UTC is midnight (00:00), the time in areas using the time zone would be 07:00.

Also known as Indochina Time (ICT) and Western Indonesian Time (Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia Barat, WIB) (in Indonesia), it is used in:
Guinn Run
Guinn Run  is a Pennsylvania stream flowing southeastward in the Gettysburg National Military Park from Cemetery Hill past the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center to Rock Creek.  The stream was bridged by the 1809 Gettysburg and Petersburg Turnpike Company and in the commemorative era by the United States War Department when Hunt and Slocum Avenues were built.  A dam was built on Guinn Run to form a pond for Fantasyland, Pennsylvania, through the 1960s and 1970s.

Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center
The Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center is a Gettysburg National Military Park facility, with a museum about the American Civil War, the 1884 Gettysburg Cyclorama, and the tour center for licensed Battlefield Guides and for buses to see the Gettysburg Battlefield and Eisenhower National Historic Site.

The museum displays artifacts, including cannon, firearms, and uniforms, and includes an exhibit gallery and theater. Additional facilities are a "computer resource room", a bookstore with gifts, and a restaurant.
Molln
Molln  is a municipality in the district of Kirchdorf an der Krems in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. It is remembered as a place where there was a poacher battle in 1919 and four people were shot and killed.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
The Close Encounter of the Vampire
The Close Encounter of the Vampire (Chinese: 殭屍怕怕; pinyin: Jiang shi pa pa), also known as The Close Encounters of Vampire, Dragon vs. Vampire, or Dragon Against Vampire, is a 1986 Cantonese-language Hong Kong comedy horror film directed by Lau Kar-leung. It is a jiangshi film based on Chinese folklore.

Lau Kar-leung
Lau Kar-leung (traditional Chinese: 劉家良; simplified Chinese: 刘家良; Jyutping: Lau4 gaa1-loeng4; pinyin: Liú Jiāliáng; 28 July 1934 – 25 June 2013) was a Hong Kong martial artist, filmmaker, fight choreographer and actor. He is best known for the films he made in the 1970s and 1980s for the Shaw Brothers Studio, notably those starring Gordon Liu. He is considered one of the most influential figures in the history of martial arts cinema.

In many of his best-known films, Lau was credited as Liu Chia-liang, the Mandarin spelling of his name. He was part of a lineage of Hung Ga practitioners originating from Wong Fei-hung.
David X
David X (Georgian: დავით X) (c. 1470s or 1480s –1526) was the second king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Kartli from 1505 to 1525. Associated with the throne as a child, he became king on the death of his father and from then on had to endure invasions from the Kingdom of Imereti and Kingdom of Kakheti. A reformer, he succeeded in subduing the army and destroying the power of the nobles by abolishing the semi-independent principalities that were ruining the unity of the country, before uniting eastern Georgia under a single sceptre. David X is also known to have survived another invasion by Persia, and is thus considered to be the first in a series of eleven kings who fought against their Safavid neighbours over the next two centuries.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Maiestas trisuli
Maiestas trisuli (formerly Recilia trisuli) is a species of insect from the Cicadellidae family that is endemic to India. It was formerly placed within Recilia, but a 2009 revision moved it to Maiestas.

Recilia
Recilia is a genus of typical leafhoppers from the family Cicadellidae, recorded mostly from Africa, the West Palaearctic and New Zealand. As of Webb & Viraktamath (2009), the vast majority of former species, including the zig-zag leafhopper of rice R. dorsalis, are now placed in the genus Maiestas. Before this, the genus was sometimes treated as a subgenus of Deltocephalus, of the same tribe.