hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) is a standard used for describing materials in archives. First adopted by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) in March 2004, DACS was updated with a Second Edition in 2013. DACS is broken down into a set of rules used in crafting archival descriptions, and guidelines for creating authority records in archives.

Society of American Archivists
The Society of American Archivists is the oldest and largest archivist association in North America, serving the educational and informational needs of more than 5,000 individual archivist and institutional members. Established in 1936, the organization serves upwards of 6,200 individual and member institutions.

The society supports its members and the archival profession through publication and professional workshop programs and semi-annual meetings. Currently, workshops are given all across the United States and attend to current archival concerns and issues such as Encoded Archival Description, the digitizing of archival materials, and preservation and conservation of materials, among others. The programs it offers include: Online On-Demand Programs, Online Real Time Programs and Face to Face Programs.
Isaac Karabtchevsky
Isaac Karabtchevsky (born December 27, 1934, in São Paulo) is a Brazilian conductor of Russian-Jewish ancestry. He studied music and conducting in Germany, where his teachers included Wolfgang Fortner, Pierre Boulez and Carl Ueter.

Karabtchevsky conducted the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra,  (Rio de Janeiro) from 1969 to 1996. From 1988 to 1994, he was principal conductor of the Tonkünstler Orchestra, (Vienna). From 1995 to 2001, he was music director of the Teatro La Fenice (Venice). Since 2003, Karabtchevsky has been the artistic director of the Porto Alegre Symphony Orchestra (Porto Alegre). He was music director of the Orchestre National des Pays de la Loire (Nantes et Angers) from 2004 to 2009. Today, Karabtchevsky is the music director of the Petrobras Symphony, one of the leading orchestras in Brazil.

Brazilian Symphony Orchestra
The Brazilian Symphony Orchestra (Portuguese: Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira, OSB) is a Brazilian orchestra. Founded in 1940, it is located at Avenida Rio Branco, downtown Rio de Janeiro. It is one of the country's foremost orchestras, performing more than 5,000 concerts since its inauguration.
ToggleKeys
ToggleKeys (or Toggle Keys) is a feature of Microsoft Windows. It is an accessibility function which is designed for people who have vision impairment or cognitive disabilities. When ToggleKeys is turned on, the computer will provide sound cues when the locking keys (⇪ Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock) are pressed. A high-pitched sound plays when the keys are switched on and a low-pitched sound plays when they are switched off.

Disabilities affecting intellectual abilities
There are a variety of disabilities affecting intellectual ability.  This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, and problems acquired later in life through acquired brain injuries or neurodegenerative diseases like dementia.

Many of these disabilities have an effect on memory, which is the ability to recall what has been learned over time. Typically memory is moved from sensory memory to working memory, and then finally into long-term memory. People with cognitive disabilities typically will have trouble with one of these types of memory.
Pasta salad
Pasta salad, known in Italian as insalata di pasta or pasta fredda, is a dish prepared with one or more types of pasta, almost always chilled or room temperature, and most often tossed in a vinegar, oil or mayonnaise-based dressing. It is typically served as an appetiser (antipasto) or first course (primo).

Mayonnaise
Mayonnaise (/ˌmeɪəˈneɪz/), colloquially referred to as "mayo" (/ˈmeɪoʊ/), is a thick, creamy sauce with a rich and tangy taste that is commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, bound salads, and French fries. It also forms the base for various other sauces, such as tartar sauce, fry sauce, remoulade, salsa golf, ranch dressing, and rouille.

Mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil, egg yolk, and an acid, either vinegar or lemon juice; there are many variants using additional flavorings. The color varies from near-white to pale yellow, and its texture from a light cream to a thick gel.

Commercial eggless versions are made for those who avoid chicken eggs because of egg allergies, to limit dietary cholesterol, or because they adhere to a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Christen, ätzet diesen Tag, BWV 63
Christen, ätzet diesen Tag (Christians, engrave this day), BWV 63, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed the Christmas cantata for the First Day of Christmas, possibly in 1713 for the Liebfrauenkirche in Halle. He performed it again for his first Christmas as Thomaskantor in Leipzig, on 25 December 1723.

Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra
The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Gewandhausorchester; also previously known in German as the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig) is a German symphony orchestra based in Leipzig, Germany.  The orchestra is named after the concert hall in which it is based, the Gewandhaus ("Garment House").  In addition to its concert duties, the orchestra also performs frequently in the Thomaskirche and as the official opera orchestra of the Leipzig Opera.
Mizuko kuyō
Mizuko kuyō (水子供養) meaning "water child memorial service", is a Japanese Buddhist ceremony for those who have had a miscarriage, stillbirth, or abortion. It is also practiced in Thailand and China. This practice has become particularly visible since the 1970s with the creation of shrines devoted solely to this ritual. Reasons for the performance of these rites can include parental grief, desire to comfort the soul of the fetus, guilt for an abortion, or even fear of retribution from a vengeful ghost.

Fetus
A fetus or foetus (/ˈfiːtəs/; pl.: fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring of a viviparous animal that develops from an embryo. Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, in general a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional, and some may not yet be situated in their final anatomical location.

In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after fertilization (which is the eleventh week of gestational age) and continues until the birth of a newborn.
Ulrich Papke
Ulrich Papke (born 4 May 1962) is an East German-German sprint canoeist who competed from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. He won two medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona with a gold in the C-2 1000 m event and a silver in the C-2 500 m event.

Papke had better success at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships where he won eleven medals. This included three golds (C-1 1000 m: 1981, C-2 1000: 1990, 1991), three silvers (C-1 500 m: 1983, C-2 500 m: 1990, C-4 1000 m: 1991), and five bronzes (C-2 500 m: 1985, 1986; C-2 1000 m: 1987, 1993; C-4 1000 m: 1995).

1983 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1983 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Tampere, Finland for the second time. The Finnish city had host the championships previously in 1973.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the eighteenth championships in canoe sprint.
Julie Rovner
Julie Rovner is an American journalist and author. Currently the Chief Washington Correspondent for Kaiser Health News (KHN) and host of its podcast, "What the Health", Rovner previously reported for National Public Radio, National Journal's Congress Daily, Congressional Quarterly, and The Lancet.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Terzilio Cardinali
Terzilio Cardinali (1913–1944) was an Italian fighter known for his role in Albanian resistance.

He was born on July 25, 1913, in Terranuova Bracciolini. A baker by profession, as an anti-fascist he participated in clashes with Benito Mussolini's Fascist gangs in his youth. When Italy capitulated on September 8, 1943, he was a sergeant in the Arezzo Division. After an appeal by Albanian partisans to continue their war against Germans, Terzilio together with other Italian soldiers formed the Antonio Gramsci Battalion. He was elected by his fellows as the commander of the battalion, a post he maintained up to July 8, 1944, when he was killed among fierce fights in Strelce, Dibër region.

For his deeds he was decorated with Gold Medallion of Honor by Albanian and Italian government. Today a street in Rome is named after him as are several in Albania notably Rruga Tercilio Kardinali in Peshkopi, Albania.

Terranuova Bracciolini
Terranuova Bracciolini is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Arezzo.

Terranuova Bracciolini borders the following municipalities: Castelfranco Piandiscò, Castiglion Fibocchi, Laterina Pergine Valdarno, Loro Ciuffenna, Montevarchi,  San Giovanni Valdarno.

Known historically as just Terranuova, the municipality was the birthplace in 1380 of the famed early humanist Poggio Bracciolini, for which it was renamed in 1862.
Sarah Alade
Sarah Omotunde Aladelistenⓘ OON is a Nigerian economist. She was acting governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria during the suspension of Sanusi Lamido Sanusi. She was appointed to the post by president Goodluck Jonathan on 20th of February 2014. 
She held this position until the appointment of Godwin Emefiele in June 2014. She served as deputy governor (Economic Policy), Central Bank of Nigeria from 26 March 2007 to 22 March 2017.

Goodluck Jonathan
Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan Listenⓘ GCFR GCON (born 20 November 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the president of Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. He lost the 2015 presidential election to former military head of state General Muhammadu Buhari and was the first incumbent president in Nigerian history to lose re-election.

Previously, Jonathan served as the vice president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010 under the administration of Umaru Musa Yar'Adua; and in oil-rich Bayelsa State as governor from 2005 to 2007, and deputy governor from 1999 to 2005. In 2015, Jonathan became the first Nigerian president to concede election defeat. It allowed the transfer of power to the opposition party in Africa's biggest democracy—a country that had hitherto experienced vote-rigging and violence.
Kharshbun
Kharshbun and Sharkhbun are sons of Sarban, the first son of the legendary Pashtun ancestor Qais Abdur Rashid.  The Sarbani tribes, all supposed descendants of Sarban, form one of the major lineage branches of the Pashtun tribes.  Kharshbun's progeny compose the eastern Pashtuns, and he had three sons Kand, Zamand, Kasi, whereas his brother Sharkhbun's progeny compose the Western Pashtuns, the most famous of these latter Pashtuns being the Durrani or Abdali tribes.  The following is a genealogical breakdown of Kharshbun's sons and the tribes that are said to be their descendants, as found in Olaf Caroe's history, The Pathans.

Kharshbun:

Kand

Khakheykhel

Yusufzai

Mandanr

Gigyani tribe

Tarkalani

Ghoryakhel

Khalil

Daudzai

Mohmand

Chamkani

Shalmani

Mullagori

Zakhil or Zakhilwal

Hazarbuz

Zamand tribe

Kheshgi

Muhammadzai (Hashtnagar)

Kasi

Shinwari

Gumoriani

Sarbani
The Saṛbanī (Pashto: سړبني) or Sarban Confederacy are a tribal group of Pashtuns. They are situated in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Sarbani include many Pashtun tribes, including Yusufzai, Mandanr, Utmanzai,  Sherani, Tareen, Loni, Durrani (Abdali), Khalil, Kheshgi, Kasi which includes Mohmand and Shinwari, Daudzai, Muhammadzai, Chamkani and Tarkalani. According to the Pashtun legend of origins, the members of the Sarbani group all descend from Sarban, said to be the first son of the legendary founding father of the Pashtun people, Qais Abdur Rashid.
Credential
A credential is a piece of any document that details a qualification, competence, or authority issued to an individual by a third party with a relevant or de facto authority or assumed competence to do so.

Examples of credentials include academic diplomas, academic degrees, certifications, security clearances, identification documents, badges, passwords, user names, keys, powers of attorney, and so on. Sometimes publications, such as scientific papers or books, may be viewed as similar to credentials by some people, especially if the publication was peer reviewed or made in a well-known journal or reputable publisher.

Power of attorney
A power of attorney (POA) or letter of attorney is a written authorization to represent or act on another's behalf in private affairs (which may be financial or regarding health and welfare), business, or some other legal matter. The person authorizing the other to act is the principal, grantor, or donor (of the power). The one authorized to act is the agent, attorney, or in some common law jurisdictions, the attorney-in-fact.

Formerly, the term "power" referred to an instrument signed under seal while a "letter" was an instrument under hand, meaning that it was simply signed by the parties, but today a power of attorney does not need to be signed under seal. Some jurisdictions require that powers of attorney be notarized or witnessed, but others will enforce a power of attorney as long as it is signed by the grantor.
David Island
David Island (66°25′S 98°46′E﻿ / ﻿66.417°S 98.767°E﻿ / -66.417; 98.767) is an ice-covered island, 10 miles (16 km) long and 6 miles (10 km) wide, marked by rock exposures along its north and east sides, lying off Davis Peninsula in the Shackleton Ice Shelf in Antarctica. It was discovered in November 1912 by the Western Base party of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) under Douglas Mawson. Mawson named the island for Edgeworth David, a member of the AAE Advisory Committee.

Shackleton Ice Shelf
Shackleton Ice Shelf is an extensive ice shelf fronting the coast of East Antarctica from 95° E to 105° E. It extends for an along-shore distance of about 384 kilometres (239 mi), projecting seaward about 145 kilometres (90 mi) in the western portion and 64 kilometres (40 mi) in the east. It occupies an area of 33,820 square kilometres (13,058 sq mi). It is part of Mawson Sea and separates the Queen Mary Coast to the west from the Knox Coast of Wilkes Land to the east.
Terry Erwin (American football)
Terrence Lester Erwin (born August 30, 1946 in Weymouth, Massachusetts) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for one season (1968) with the Denver Broncos of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Boston College Eagles. He left football for a business job, and in 2011, he had been working in real estate for 30 years.

Weymouth, Massachusetts
Weymouth is a city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is one of 13 municipalities in the state to have city forms of government while retaining "town of" in their official names. It is named after Weymouth, Dorset, a coastal town in England, and is the second-oldest settlement in Massachusetts, second only to Plymouth. Weymouth is one of the more affordable towns relative to the South Shore and offers a short commute into Boston, MBTA bus and rail service, and a town beach.

At the 2020 census, Weymouth had a total population of 57,437. It also had a crime rate of 12.42 per 1,000 residents.
Bristol Coanda Monoplanes
The Bristol Coanda Monoplanes were a series of monoplane trainers designed by the Romanian designer Henri Coandă for the British company British and Colonial Aeroplane Company.

Several versions of the plane were built from 1912 onwards with both tandem and side-by-side cockpits. Several were purchased by the War Office for use as trainers by the Royal Flying Corps. International purchases were by Italy and Romania. One example survives in the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics, Trento, Italy.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Szentgyörgyvölgy
Szentgyörgyvölgy is a village in Zala County, Hungary. It has a Reform Church built in 1517. It lies on the Slovenian border. It currently has a population of around 500 people. It has a Catholic church. There is one bed and breakfast, called Molnárporta after the owner. Close towns include: Csesztreg, Szílvágy, Porszombat and is one hour away from the capital of Zala county, Zalaegerszeg.

Zala County
Zala (Hungarian: Zala vármegye, pronounced [ˈzɒlɒ]; Croatian: Zalska županija; županija Zala) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in south-western Hungary. It is named after the Zala River. It shares borders with Croatia (Koprivnica–Križevci and Međimurje Counties) and Slovenia (Lendava and Moravske Toplice) and the Hungarian counties Vas, Veszprém and Somogy. The seat of Zala County is Zalaegerszeg. Its area is 3,784 square kilometres (1,461 sq mi). Lake Balaton lies partly in the county.
Song of Songs 6
Song of Songs 6 (abbreviated  as Song 6) is the sixth chapter of the Song of Songs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book is one of the Five Megillot, a collection of short books, together with Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther, within the Ketuvim, the third and the last part of the Hebrew Bible. Jewish tradition views Solomon as the author of this book (although this is now largely disputed), and this attribution influences the acceptance of this book as a canonical text. This chapter contains a dialogue between the daughters of Jerusalem and the woman about the man, followed by the man's descriptive poem of the woman, ending with a collective call to the woman to return.

Five Megillot
The Five Scrolls or the Five Megillot (Hebrew: חמש מגילות [χaˈmeʃ meɡiˈlot], Hamesh Megillot or Chomeish Megillos) are parts of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third major section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). The Five Scrolls are the Song of Songs, the Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Esther. These five relatively short biblical books are grouped together in Jewish tradition.
Nadia Binte Amin
Nadia Binte Amin (born 23 August 1963) is a politician and businesswoman. She is a former 12th Jatiya Sangsad member from a women's reserved seat for Netrakona District.

She is president of Women Entrepreneurs Network for Development Association. She is also general body member of Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce & Industries.

Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce & Industries
Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industries (FBCCI; Bengali: বাংলাদেশ শিল্প ও বণিক সমিতি) is the apex trade organization of Bangladesh playing consultative and advisory role in safeguarding the interests of the private sector in the country.
John Dorney (hurler)
John Dorney (8 January 1887 – 15 May 1956) was an Irish hurler who played for Cork Senior Championship club St Finbarr's. He also had a brief career at senior level with the Cork county team, during which he usually lined out at centre-back.

St Finbarr's National Hurling & Football Club
St Finbarr's National Hurling & Football Club or St Finbarr's Hurling and Football Club is a Gaelic games club based in the Togher area of Cork city, County Cork, Ireland. Playing in royal blue and gold jerseys, St Finbarr's fields teams in the sports of Gaelic football and hurling.
Endoderm
Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.

In plant biology, endoderm corresponds to the innermost part of the cortex (bark) in young shoots and young roots often consisting of a single cell layer. As the plant becomes older, more endoderm will lignify.

Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants.  Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are polymers made by the cross-linking of phenolic precursors.
Rock on Top of Another Rock
Rock on Top of Another Rock is a sculpture by the artists Peter Fischli and David Weiss which was exhibited outside the Serpentine Gallery in Kensington Gardens in 2013.  It consists of one large rock balanced on top of another large rock.  An earlier incarnation of the work was a similar sculpture on the plateau of Valdresflya which was one of the artworks installed on each of Norway's eighteen scenic highways.

Peter Fischli & David Weiss
Peter Fischli (born 8 June 1952) and David Weiss (21 June 1946 – 27 April 2012), often shortened to Fischli/Weiss, were a Swiss artist duo that collaborated since 1979. Their best-known work is the film Der Lauf der Dinge (The Way Things Go, 1987), described by The Guardian as being "post apocalyptic", as it concerned chain reactions and the ways in which objects flew, crashed and exploded across the studio in which it was shot. Fischli lives and works in Zurich; Weiss died on 27 April 2012.
Jinjia Yinsuo
Jinjia Yinsuo (金枷银锁, lit. the Golden Shackle and Silver Chain), also known as the Shackle and Chain Generals (枷锁将军, Jiasuo Jiangjun), are deities of the underworld Diyu, tasked with escorting souls to the afterlife. They are distinguished by their red and green faces. In some traditions, they are also known as two of Chenghuang's six trusted generals, alongside Heibai Wuchang and Niutou Mamian. They are typically subordinate to Yanluo Wang, Dongyue Dadi, and City God. The Golden Chain General is revered as Master of Chains, while the Silver Lock General is known as Master of Shackles. These two generals are responsible for escorting souls to the Bridge of Hesitation (Naihe Bridge), where they must present the Book of Life and Death.

Ox-Head and Horse-Face
Ox-Head (simplified Chinese: 牛头; traditional Chinese: 牛頭; pinyin: Niútóu; Wade–Giles: niu2-t'ou2) and Horse-Face (simplified Chinese: 马面; traditional Chinese: 馬面; pinyin: Mǎmiàn; Wade–Giles: ma3-mien4) are two guardians or types of guardians of the underworld in Chinese mythology. As indicated by their names, both have the bodies of men, but Ox-Head has the head of an ox while Horse-Face has the face of a horse. They are the first beings a dead soul encounters upon entering the underworld; in many stories they directly escort the newly dead to the underworld.