hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Esp Stadium
Esp Stadium is a stadium in Fislisbach, Switzerland.  It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FC Baden. The stadium is situated a few kilometres outside of Baden in Canton Aargau. The capacity of the stadium is 7,000, of which 1,000 is seating and the rest is terracing.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Preston Lea
Preston Lea (November 12, 1841 – December 4, 1916) was an American businessman and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a member of the Republican Party who served as Governor of Delaware.

T. Coleman du Pont
Thomas Coleman du Pont (December 11, 1863 – November 11, 1930) was an American engineer and politician from Greenville, Delaware. He was President of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, and a member of the Republican Party who served parts of two terms as United States Senator from Delaware.
Schuco Modell
Schuco is a German brand and former manufacturing company founded in 1912 by Heinrich Müller and the businessman Heinrich Schreyer in Nuremberg, popularly known as Germany's toy capital. The company's specialty was making toy reproductions of cars and trucks in tin, plastic and die-cast. The company went bankrupt in 1976 but was reorganized in 1993 and then totally independent again by 1996 before its acquisition by the Simba Dickie Group in 1999.

Some of the products currently commercialised by Schuco include die-cast scale model cars, aircraft, ships, and commercial vehicles.

Scale model
A scale model is a physical model that is geometrically similar to an object (known as the prototype). Scale models are generally smaller than large prototypes such as vehicles, buildings, or people; but may be larger than small prototypes such as anatomical structures or subatomic particles. Models built to the same scale as the prototype are called mockups.

Scale models are used as tools in engineering design and testing, promotion and sales, filmmaking special effects, military strategy, and hobbies such as rail transport modeling, wargaming and racing; and as toys. Model building is also pursued as a hobby for the sake of artisanship.

Scale models are constructed of plastic, wood, or metal. They are usually painted with enamel, lacquer, or acrylics.
Model prototypes include all types of vehicles (railroad trains, cars, trucks, military vehicles, aircraft, and spacecraft), buildings, people, and science fiction themes (spaceships and robots).
Fionula Brennan
Fionula Brennan (1957–2012) was an Irish immunologist and Professor of Cytokine Immunopathology at the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology.

Brennan described the role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in rheumatoid arthritis by demonstrating that  anti-TNF antibodies inhibit inflammation of the synovial joints. This research led directly to the development of anti-TNF therapy.

Synovial joint
A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. This joint unites long bones and permits free bone movement and greater mobility. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule is made up of an outer layer of fibrous membrane, which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid.

They are the most common and most movable type of joint in the body. As with most other joints, synovial joints achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones. They originated 400 million years ago in the first jawed vertebrates.
Ross Sheppard High School
Ross Sheppard High School or École Ross Sheppard (SHEP or Ross Shep) is a high school located in a northwest neighbourhood of Coronation Park, in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The school colours are Colombia blue and navy blue, and it is represented by a Thunderbird, also known as a T-Bird. Outside the school is a totem pole with a T-Bird on top, which has been given by British Columbia's Indigenous elders, representing the school mascot. The school serves the needs of over 2,000 students attending grades 10-12, including approximately 35 international students annually. Ross Sheppard School's philosophy is based on four pillars - Academics, Arts, Athletics and Service.

Thunderbird (mythology)
The thunderbird is a mythological bird-like spirit in North American indigenous peoples' history and culture. It is considered a supernatural being of power and strength.

It is frequently depicted in the art, songs, and oral histories of many Pacific Northwest Coast cultures, but is also found in various forms among some peoples of the American Southwest, US East Coast, Great Lakes, and Great Plains.
Angus (UK Parliament constituency)
Angus was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster). It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post voting system.

It was created for the 1997 general election, largely replacing East Angus. As a result of boundary changes for the 2005 general election, the boundaries became quite different from those of the Angus Scottish Parliament constituency, which was created in 1999 and abolished in 2011.

The constituency was dominated by farmland, and included the towns of Arbroath, Montrose, Brechin and Forfar.

Further to the completion of the 2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was subject to boundary changes which entailed expansion into northern parts of the Perth and Kinross council, partly offset by the loss of Arbroath and surrounding areas. As a consequence, it was renamed Angus and Perthshire Glens, and first contested at the 2024 general election.

Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross (Scots: Pairth an Kinross; Scottish Gaelic: Peairt agus Ceann Rois) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It is bordered by Highland and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus, Dundee, and Fife to the east, Clackmannanshire to the south, and Stirling and Argyll and Bute to the west.

Geographically the area is split by the Highland Boundary Fault into a more mountainous northern part and a flatter southern part. The northern area is a popular tourist spot, while agriculture makes an important contribution to the southern part of the area.

The area is run by Perth and Kinross Council, which is based in Perth.
Viscount Howard of Bindon
Viscount Howard of Bindon was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1559 for Thomas Howard, second son of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. His two sons, the second and third Viscount, both succeeded him in the title. As neither had any male children, the title became extinct on the death of the third Viscount in 1611. The title referred to Bindon Abbey in Dorset.

The title is in some sources referred to as Viscount Bindon. The Bindon title was revived in 1706 when another member of the Howard family, Henry Howard, Lord Walden, was made Earl of Bindon.

Bindon Abbey
50°40′55″N 2°13′12″W﻿ / ﻿50.682°N 2.220°W﻿ / 50.682; -2.220

Bindon Abbey (Bindonium) was a Cistercian monastery, of which only ruins remain, on the River Frome about half a mile east of Wool in Dorset, England.
English ship Yarmouth (1653)
Yarmouth was a 44-gun fourth-rate frigate of the English Royal Navy, originally built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at Great Yarmouth under the 1652 Programme, and launched in 1653. By 1666 her original armament of 44 guns (24-pounders on the lower deck, and a mixture of culverins and demi-culverins on the upper deck) had been increased to 52 guns by the addition of smaller cannon (sakers) on the quarterdeck, and by 1677 she carried 54 guns.

Yarmouth took part in the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665, in the Four Days Battle and the St James's Day Fight in 1666, in the Battle of Solebay in 1672 and in the Battle of Schooneveld and Battle of Texel in 1673. She was broken up in 1680.

Fourth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy, a fourth-rate was a ship of the line with two gun decks which mounted between 46 and 60 guns. They served in all conflicts the Royal Navy participated in during the early modern period until they were gradually phased out of active service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as their usefulness was declining; though fourth-rates often remained in service on distant stations such as the East Indies. Several fourth-rates were created by razeeing larger ships of the line, and occasionally from East Indiamen such as HMS Calcutta.
Paki v Attorney-General (No 2)
Paki v Attorney-General (No 2) was a case in the Supreme Court of New Zealand that considered whether “usque ad medium filum aquae”, the common law presumption that the purchaser of land adjoining a stream or river also obtains ownership of the waterway to its mid-point applied to the Waikato riverbed adjoining blocks of land at Pouakani, near Mangakino. For differing reasons the Supreme Court unanimously held that the "mid-point presumption" did not apply and "decided that it had not been shown that title determination to the Pouakani land blocks had affected ownership of the riverbed".

The decision has been described as "explosive" because it could lead to a flood of litigation concerning ownership of riverbeds, and because the stretch of river the case was concerned with contains three hydroelectric dams owned by Mighty River Power: Arapuni, Maraetai and Whakamaru.

Whakamaru Dam
Whakamaru Power Station is a hydroelectric power station on the Waikato River, adjacent to the town of Whakamaru in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the fourth hydroelectric power station on the Waikato River.

Lake Whakamaru is one of the larger hydro reservoirs on the Waikato river. The power station is owned and operated by Mercury Energy. The adjacent Whakamaru switching station is operated by Transpower and is a key node on the national grid.
Global Disinformation Index
Global Disinformation Index (GDI) is a not-for-profit organisation based in the United Kingdom which aims to mitigate the spread of disinformation on the internet. The group utilises a system of ratings of news sources and websites to determine risk of disinformation. The group's efforts also include investigations into internet advertising, and the alleged use of disinformation in relation to COVID-19 featured on various websites. The group has faced criticism and scrutiny over allegations of political bias.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Jasper High School (Jasper, Texas)
Jasper High School is a public high school located in Jasper, Texas, classified as a 4A school by the University Interscholastic League. It is part of the Jasper Independent School District and serves students in south and central Jasper County. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Jasper County, Texas
Jasper County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 32,980. Its county seat is Jasper. The county was created as a municipality in Mexico in 1834, and in 1837 was organized as a county in the Republic of Texas. It is named for William Jasper, an American Revolutionary War hero.
Ruby, Gold and Malachite
Ruby, Gold and Malachite is an oil-on-canvas painting by Henry Scott Tuke.  It depicts six young men in and around a boat, bathing in the sea.  It was painted near Falmouth and exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1902, along with two other works by Tuke, The Run Home and Portrait of Alfred de Pass.   It was one of his greatest successes.

The painting measures 117 centimetres (46 in) by 159 centimetres (63 in).  It was acquired by the City of London Corporation and is displayed at the Guildhall Art Gallery.

Henry Scott Tuke
Henry Scott Tuke RA RWS (12 June 1858 – 13 March 1929) was an English artist. His most notable work was in the Impressionist style and he is best known for his paintings of nude boys and young men.

Trained at the Slade School of Art under Alphonse Legros and Sir Edward Poynter, Tuke developed a close relationship with the Newlyn School of painters, his work being exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts, of which he became a Full Member. In addition to his achievements as a figurative painter, he was an established maritime artist and produced many portraits of sailing ships. He was highly prolific, with over 1,300 works listed and more being discovered.
History of California before 1900
Human history in California began when indigenous Americans first arrived some 13,000 years ago. Coastal exploration by the Spanish began in the 16th century, with further European settlement along the coast and in the inland valleys following in the 18th century. California was part of New Spain until that kingdom dissolved in 1821, becoming part of Mexico.

During the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), California was ceded to the United States under the terms of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The same year, the California gold rush began, triggering intensified U.S. westward expansion. California joined the Union as a free state via the Compromise of 1850. By the end of the 19th century, California was still largely rural and agricultural, with a population of about 1.4 million.

Agrarian society
An agrarian society, or agricultural society, is any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland. Another way to define an agrarian society is by seeing how much of a nation's total production is in agriculture. In  agrarian society, cultivating the land is the primary source of wealth. Such a society may acknowledge other means of livelihood and work habits but stresses the importance of agriculture and farming. Agrarian societies have existed in various parts of the world as far back as 10,000 years ago and continue to exist today. They have been the most common form of socio-economic organization for most of recorded human history.
Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition
Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition (SISR) defines the syntax and semantics of annotations to grammar rules in the Speech Recognition Grammar Specification (SRGS).  Since 5 April 2007, it is a World Wide Web Consortium recommendation.

By building upon SRGS grammars, it allows voice browsers via ECMAScript to semantically interpret complex grammars and provide the information back to the application.  For example, it allows utterances like "I would like a Coca-cola and three large pizzas with pepperoni and mushrooms." to be interpreted into an object that can be understood by an application.  For example, the utterance could produce the following object named order:

If used against this grammar that includes SISR markup in addition to the standard SRGS grammar in XML format:

ECMAScript
ECMAScript (/ˈɛkməskrɪpt/; ES) is a standard for scripting languages including JavaScript, JScript, and ActionScript. It is best known as a JavaScript standard intended to ensure the interoperability of web pages across different web browsers. It is standardized by Ecma International in the document ECMA-262.

ECMAScript is commonly used for client-side scripting on the World Wide Web, and is increasingly being used for server-side scripting and services using runtime environments such as Node.js, Deno and Bun.
Carol Mason
Carol Ann Mason is a Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology at Columbia University in the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute. She studies axon guidance in visual pathways in an effort to restore vision to the blind. Her research focuses on the retinal ganglion cell. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2018.

Society for Neuroscience
The Society for Neuroscience (SfN) is a professional society, headquartered in Washington, D.C., for basic scientists and physicians around the world whose research is focused on the study of the brain and nervous system. It is especially well known for its annual meeting, consistently one of the largest scientific conferences in the world.
Moreno Boer
Moreno Boer (born 9 January 1977) is an Italian weightlifter. He was born in Pordenone. He is a member of the weightlifting team for Gruppo Sportivo Fiamme Oro, and is coached and trained by Angelo Mannironi. Boer made his official debut for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he hauled 365.0 kilograms in total for a twelfth-place finish in the men's heavyweight class (105 kg).

Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 105 kg
The men's 105 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on September 25.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.
Indian Creek (Beaver River tributary)
Indian Creek, originally known as Sage Creek, is a tributary stream of the Beaver River in Beaver County, Utah. Its mouth is at its confluence with the Beaver River at an elevation of 5,499 feet (1,676 meters) above the Minersville Reservoir, 0.4 miles south of Adamsville. Its source is at 38°24′31″N 112°26′55″W﻿ / ﻿38.40861°N 112.44861°W﻿ / 38.40861; -112.44861, on the northwest slope of Mount Baldy (Beaver County, Utah) at an elevation of 10,600 feet in the Tushar Mountains.

Beaver County, Utah
Beaver County is a county in west central Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 7,072, up from the 2010 figure of 6,629. Its county seat and largest city is Beaver. The county was named for the abundance of beaver in the area.
Annemie Bogaerts
Annemie Bogaerts (born 25 October 1971) is a Belgian chemist known for her work in plasma chemistry, plasma-based green chemistry, which include amongst others CO2 conversion, CH4 conversion for H2 synthesis or the synthesis of hydrocarbons and N2 fixation as basis for fertilizer production, as well as for her work in plasma medicine for cancer treatment, and the use of laser ablation to sample chemicals and form plasmas. She is a full professor of chemistry at the University of Antwerp.

Gas-phase ion chemistry
Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics. It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions. For example, one application is in studying the thermodynamics of the solvation of ions. Ions with small solvation spheres of 1, 2, 3... solvent molecules can be studied in the gas phase and then extrapolated to bulk solution.
Paul Scully (Australian politician)
Paul Scully is an Australian politician who has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 12 November 2016, representing the seat of Wollongong for the Labor Party, since the by-election to replace Noreen Hay. He is currently the Minister for Planning and Public Spaces from April 2023.

Before his election, Scully was chief operating officer of the Australian Institute for Innovative Materials at the University of Wollongong. He is married to Alison Byrnes, the member for Cunningham since the 2022 federal election.

2016 Wollongong state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Wollongong in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 12 November 2016. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Noreen Hay (Labor) on 31 August.

By-elections for the seats of Canterbury and Orange were held on the same day.
Titan (cave)
Titan is a natural cavern near Castleton in the Derbyshire Peak District, and is the deepest shaft of any known cave in Britain, at 141.5 metres (464 ft). The existence of Titan was revealed in November 2006, following its discovery on 1 January 1999 after cavers discovered connections from the James Hall Over Engine Mine to both Speedwell Cavern and Peak Cavern. Previously, the deepest known underground shaft in Britain had been Gaping Gill on the slopes of Ingleborough in the Yorkshire Dales.

A group of Peak District cavers led by Dave Nixon (nicknamed "Moose") discovered the shaft after finding an account by an 18th-century academic, James Plumtree, in a university library. Initial explorations in the James Hall Over Engine Mine led to the discovery of a large shaft named Leviathan, before further excavations revealed the existence of Titan.

Ingleborough
Ingleborough (723 m or 2,372 ft) is the second-highest mountain in the Yorkshire Dales, England. It is one of the Yorkshire Three Peaks (the other two being Whernside and Pen-y-ghent), and is frequently climbed as part of the Three Peaks walk. A large part of Ingleborough is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and National Nature Reserve and is the home of a multi-agency project, Wild Ingleborough, with aims to improve the landscape for wildlife and people.
Thaton
Thaton (Burmese: သထုံမြို့, MLCTS: sa. htum mrui.pronounced [θətʰòʊɰ̃ mjo̰]; Mon: သဓီု /səthɜ̤m/) is a town in Mon State, in southern Myanmar on the Tenasserim plains. Thaton lies along the National Highway 8 and is also connected by the National Road 85. It is 230 kilometres (140 mi) southeast of Yangon and 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Mawlamyine. Thaton was the capital of Thaton Kingdom from at least the 4th century BC to the middle of the 11th century AD.

Tanintharyi Region
Tanintharyi Region, formerly Tenasserim Division and Tanintharyi Division, is a region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the northern Malay Peninsula, reaching to the Kra Isthmus. It borders the Andaman Sea to the west and the Tenasserim Hills, beyond which lie Thailand, to the east. To the north is the Mon State. There are many islands off the coast, the large Mergui Archipelago in the southern and central coastal areas and the smaller Moscos Islands off the northern shores. The capital of the division is Dawei (Tavoy). Other important cities include Myeik (Mergui) and Kawthaung. The division covers an area of 43,344.9 square kilometres (16,735.6 sq mi), and had a population of 1,406,434 at the 2014 Census.