hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Firearms of Japan
Firearms were introduced to Japan in the 13th century during the first Mongol invasion and were referred to as teppō. Portuguese firearms were introduced in 1543, and intense development followed, with strong local manufacture during the period of conflicts of the late 16th century. Hōjutsu, the art of gunnery, is the Japanese martial art dedicated to firearms usage.

HMS Phaeton (1782)
HMS Phaeton was a 38-gun Minerva-class fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She is best known for her intrusion into Nagasaki harbour in 1808. John Smallshaw (Smallshaw & Company) built Phaeton in Liverpool between 1780 and 1782. She participated in numerous engagements during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars during which service she captured many prizes. Francis Beaufort, inventor of the Beaufort scale, was a lieutenant on Phaeton when he distinguished himself during a successful cutting out expedition. Phaeton sailed to the Pacific in 1805, and returned in 1812. She was finally sold on 26 March 1828.
Arne Kaijser
Arne Kaijser (born 1950) is a professor emeritus of history of technology at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and a former president of the Society for the History of Technology.

Kaijser has published two books in Swedish: Stadens ljus. Etableringen av de första svenska gasverken and I fädrens spår. Den svenska infrastrukturens historiska utveckling och framtida utmaningar, and has co-edited several anthologies. Kaijser is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences since 2007 and also a member of the editorial board of two scientific journals: Journal of Urban Technology and Centaurus. Lately, he has been occupied with the history of Large Technical Systems.

Large technical system
A large technical system (LTS) is a system or network of enormous proportions or complexity.  The study of LTSs is a subdiscipline of history of science and technology.

The book Rescuing Prometheus by Thomas P. Hughes documents the development of four such systems, including the Boston central artery tunnel and the Internet.
Canon EF-M 11–22mm lens
The Canon EF-M 11-22mm f/4-5.6 IS STM is an interchangeable wide angle lens for the Canon EOS M system of mirrorless cameras. It was announced by Canon Inc. on June 6, 2013. This lens not available from Canon USA until 2015.

Canon EOS M
Canon EOS M is the first mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera produced by Canon.

DPReview noted that the EOS M is effectively a miniature version of the Canon EOS 650D, which was introduced in June 2012, with a simpler physical interface. The letter M in EOS M stands for "mobility" and EOS means "electro-optical system".

It was superseded by the Canon EOS M2 in late 2013; the Canon EOS M10 in October 2015; the Canon EOS M100 in August 2017; and the Canon EOS M200 in September 2019.
Salticus peckhamae
Salticus peckhamae is a species of jumping spider. It is found in the United States. This species was first described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1897 and originally named Icius peckhamae in honor of arachnologist Elizabeth Peckham.

Arachnology
Arachnology (from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study") is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of spiders alone (order Araneae) is known as araneology.

The word "arachnology" from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē), meaning "spider", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "study". The Ancient Greek word for "spider" itself refers to Arachne, the female protagonist of an ancient tale of the Greek Mythology.
WIPS (AM)
WIPS (1250 AM) was a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed in Ticonderoga, New York, United States, the station served mainly Essex County, New York, and Addison County, Vermont, from a transmitter site on Lake Champlain near Fort Ticonderoga. The station was owned by Bisiblue, L.L.C.

Essex County, New York
Essex County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,381. Its county seat is the hamlet of Elizabethtown. Its name is from the English county of Essex. Essex is one of two counties that are entirely within the Adirondack Park, the other being Hamilton County. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.
John Andrews (tennis)
John Andrews (born February 5, 1952), is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Andrews achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 64 in June 1975 after reaching the quarterfinals of the French Open. He won one ATP doubles title in 1976 partnering Colin Dibley.

1975 French Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Björn Borg defeated Guillermo Vilas in the final, 6–2, 6–3, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1975 French Open. It was his second French Open title and second major title overall.
14th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
The 14th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of African American enlisted men commanded by white officers and was authorized by the Bureau of Colored Troops which was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863.

Bureau of Colored Troops
The Bureau of Colored Troops was created by the United States War Department on May 22, 1863, under General Order No. 143, during the Civil War, to handle "all matters relating to the organization of colored troops." Major Charles Warren Foster was chief of the Bureau, which reported to Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas. The designation United States Colored Troops replaced the varied state titles that had been given to the African-American soldiers.
John Jones (archdeacon of St Asaph)
John Jenkin Jones  was Archdeacon of St Asaph from 1974 to 1984.

He was born in 1905 and educated at University College, Durham, and ordained in 1941. He began his career with curacies at Denbigh, Colwyn Bay and Northop.  He held incumbencies at St Martin Eglwysbach, St James, Holywell and St Eleri, Llanrhos.  He was Rural Dean of Holywell from 1969 to 1974 when he became archdeacon of the surrounding area. He retired in 1978; and died in 1996.

Colwyn Bay
Colwyn Bay (/ˈkɒlwɪn/; Welsh: Bae Colwyn [ˈbai ˈkɔlʊɨn] ⓘ) is a town, community and seaside resort in Conwy County Borough on the north coast of Wales overlooking the Irish Sea. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Denbighshire. At the 2021 census, the community had a population of 10,576, and the built up area had a population of 29,275. According to the tourist board, it is renowned for its 3 mile long sandy beach which has been enhanced with millions of tonnes of sand, so therefore 'man-made' and its permanently available irrespective of the tides.
Mõisamõtsa Nature Reserve
Mõisamõtsa Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Võru County, Estonia.

The area of the nature reserve is 224 ha.

The protected area was founded in 2005 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Tundu village (former Mõniste Parish) and Pähni village (former Varstu Parish).

Mõniste Parish
Mõniste Parish (Estonian: Mõniste vald; Võro: Mõnistõ vald) was a rural municipality in Võru County, southeastern Estonia.

In 2017, it merged with Rõuge Parish, Haanja Parish, Misso Parish, and Varstu Parish to create a new entity. It retained the Rõuge Parish name.
Crouton (computing)
Crouton (ChromiumOS Universal Chroot Environment) is a set of scripts which allows Ubuntu, Debian, and Kali Linux systems to run parallel to a ChromeOS system. Crouton works by using a chroot instead of dual-booting to allow a user to run desktop environments at the same time: ChromeOS and another environment of the user's choice.

In Google I/O 2019, Google announced all Chromebooks shipped that year onward will be Linux compatible out of the box.

Kali Linux
Kali Linux  is a Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. It is maintained and funded by Offensive Security. The software is based on the testing branch of the Debian Linux Distribution: most packages Kali uses are imported from the Debian repositories. Kali Linux has gained popularity in the cybersecurity community due to its comprehensive set of tools designed for penetration testing, vulnerability analysis, and reverse engineering.

It was developed by Mati Aharoni and Devon Kearns of Offensive Security through the rewrite of BackTrack, their previous information security testing Linux distribution based on Knoppix.

Kali Linux was featured in multiple episodes of the TV series Mr. Robot.
Statute of Autonomy of Ceuta
The Statute of Autonomy of Ceuta (Spanish: Estatuto de Autonomía de Ceuta) is the basic institutional norm of the autonomous city of Ceuta. It was approved by the Cortes Generales through Organic Law 1/1995 of March 13, published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado the following day. At the same time, the Statute of Autonomy of Melilla was also approved.

Organic Law (Spain)
An Organic Law (Spanish: Ley Orgánica) in Spanish law refers to a law related to fundamental rights and freedoms and important institutional areas as defined by the Constitution (including inter alia, statutes on autonomy, referendums and electoral processes, functioning and organisation on the Constitutional Tribunal, the organisation on the military and the succession on the throne). Organic Laws must be passed by an absolute majority on the Congress on Deputies (not merely a majority on those voting). In legal terms, organic laws are conceptually considered part on the constitution.

Prior to the 1978 constitution this concept had no precedent in Spain. It was inspired by a similar concept in the current French Constitution on 1958 and conceived as a democratic safeguard to prevent authoritarian aspirations in the transition to democracy (they are harder to change).
Steve Joe
Steve Joe is a Chinese-American television producer and writer.

He began his career as a staff writer on the sitcom Veronica's Closet in 1997, later becoming a story editor on Mad About You going on to write the episode "Win a Free Car" in 1999. His producing and writing credits include The Tracy Morgan Show, Rodney, That '70s Show, Notes from the Underbelly, True Jackson, VP, Hot in Cleveland, Oh, Grow Up, Tucker and That '80s Show. Much of his work prior to the second season of True Jackson, VP was with fellow writer and producer Greg Schaffer; they parted ways in 2009.

Oh, Grow Up
Oh, Grow Up is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 22 to December 28, 1999.  Created by Alan Ball, the show was based on his 1991 one-act stage play Bachelor Holiday, written before he found success as a television writer. The series starred Stephen Dunham, David Alan Basche, and John Ducey as three former college roommates who share an apartment in Brooklyn.
Whitchurch railway station (Wales)
Whitchurch railway station is a railway station serving Whitchurch, Cardiff, Wales. It is located on the Coryton Line 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Cardiff Central and is situated beneath the A470 road.

Passenger services are provided by Transport for Wales as part of the Valley Lines network.

Transport for Wales Rail
Transport for Wales Rail Limited, branded as Transport for Wales and TfW Rail (Welsh: Trafnidiaeth Cymru and TrC Trenau), is a Welsh publicly owned train operating company, a subsidiary of Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company. It commenced operations of the day to day services of the Wales & Borders franchise on 7 February 2021, as an operator of last resort, succeeding KeolisAmey Wales.

Transport for Wales Rail manages 248 National Rail stations, including all 223 in Wales, and operates all passenger mainline services wholly within Wales, and services along the England–Wales border, many of which run into or through England.
Holly Gibbs
Holly Uma Gibbs (born 25 August 1997) is an English actress, best known for her roles as Christianna in the film Nanny McPhee and Milly in The Story of Tracy Beaker. She is the daughter of former actress Claire Toeman. She appeared in Teensville for the BBC, about the Jewish Bar Mitzvah celebration. She went on to study art in London.

In 2022, she began presenting a YouTube series From Early, where she discusses her experiences as a child actress and speaks to other actors who began their careers as children. Her guests included Eliza Bennett, whom she appeared alongside in the film Nanny McPhee, two of her The Story of Tracy Beaker co-stars Dani Harmer and Jack Edwards, as well as Daniel Roche and Theo Stevenson.

The Story of Tracy Beaker (TV series)
The Story of Tracy Beaker (informally known as Tracy Beaker or TSOTB) is a British television programme series adapted from the book of the same name by Jacqueline Wilson. It ran on CBBC for five series, from January 2002 to December 2005 and also contained a feature-length episode, Tracy Beaker: The Movie of Me, broadcast in February 2004, as well as a week of interactive episodes for Children in Need. The theme song was written and produced by Brian Harris and Nigel Lowis and performed by Keisha White.

It has become one of CBBC's most popular and repeated programmes, and still airs, however sporadically, on the channel as of 2022. Subsequently, it has spawned a number of spin-offs: Tracy Beaker Returns in 2010, which was followed by The Dumping Ground in 2013, and both My Mum Tracy Beaker and The Beaker Girls in 2021.
Juniper vole
The juniper vole (Microtus yuldaschi) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.
It is found in Afghanistan, China, Pakistan and Tajikistan. It was formerly classified in the genus Neodon, but genetic evidence indicates that it is classified within the subgenus Blanfordimys in Microtus.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Find You (Zedd song)
"Find You" is a song by German musician and producer Zedd from the soundtrack to the film Divergent. It was released as the first single from the soundtrack on 26 January 2014.

The song features vocals from Swedish singer Miriam Bryant and American pop singer Matthew Koma, and was written by all three artists alongside Victor Radstrom, a frequent collaborator of Bryant. A lyric video was released on 30 January 2014.

Miriam Bryant
Miriam Melanie Bryant (born 8 March 1991) is a Swedish singer and songwriter. On 14 February 2016, she became the first act to simultaneously hold the top three entries on the Svensktoppen weekly record chart since its original release on 13 October 1962.
Bonita Pietila
Bonita Pietila (born January 14, 1953) is a casting director and producer. She is best known for her work on The Simpsons, with which she won three Emmy Awards (in 1998, 2000, and 2001). Pietila has been with the series since its beginnings on The Tracey Ullman Show in 1987.

Working as line producer and producer on the series, she has undertaken other tasks involving The Simpsons including talent coordinator on the TV short Springfield's Most Wanted, voice director on the video game The Simpsons: Virtual Springfield, and producer on the direct-to-video film The Simpsons Take the Bowl.

Pietila has also worked on several other films and TV shows other than The Simpsons such as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, The Ben Stiller Show, CBS Summer Playhouse, Friends, Teen Angel, Hollywood Dog, Tough Guys Don't Dance, Notes from Underground, Housekeeping, Surrender and the 1999 TV film adaptation of Animal Farm.

Animal Farm (1999 film)
Animal Farm is a 1999 political comedy-drama television film directed by John Stephenson and written by Alan Janes. Based on the 1945 novel of the same name by George Orwell and serving as an allegory of the Russian Revolution and its aftermath, the film is also a live-action remake of the 1954 animated film of the same name. The film features an ensemble cast including Kelsey Grammer, Ian Holm, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Patrick Stewart, Julia Ormond, Paul Scofield, Charles Dale, Pete Postlethwaite, Alan Stanford and Peter Ustinov. Jim Henson's Creature Shop provided the film's animatronic animals. In the film, a group of anthropomorphic animals revolt successfully against their human owner, only to slide into a more brutal tyranny among themselves when an evil pig takes control of the farm.
Jasperoid
Jasperoid is a rare, peculiar type of metasomatic alteration and occurs in two main forms; sulfidic jasperoids and hematitic jasperoids. True jasperoids are different from jaspillite, which is a form of metamorphosed chemical sedimentary rock, and from jasper which is a chemical sediment.

Sulfidic jasperoids are typical examples of silica-sulfide metasomatism of dolomites, and are found in Nevada, Australia and Iran. They are hard, dense purple-black rocks with considerable content of pyrite. The bodies in Nevada are quite thin (seldom greater than 8 m) and stratabound.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
Lindsay Zanno
Lindsay E. Zanno (born c. 1980) is an American vertebrate paleontologist and a leading expert on theropod dinosaurs and Cretaceous paleoecosystems. She is the Head of Paleontology at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and an Associate Research Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at North Carolina State University.

North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences
The North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (NCMNS) is a natural history museum in Raleigh, North Carolina. The museum is the oldest in the state, and the largest natural history museum in the Southeastern United States.

The museum is made up of six facilities, divided between five campuses. The newest facility, the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences at Greenville, was announced in 2020 and opened to the public on September 18, 2021. NCMNS is a division of the state Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.
Miditerranean Pads
Miditerranean Pads is the twenty-first album by Klaus Schulze. It was originally released in 1990, and in 2005 was the twelfth Schulze album reissued by Revisited Records. This is the first of two reissues not to feature a bonus track (the other being Dosburg Online), though the first track is extended by two minutes.

Inside Out Music
InsideOutMusic is a progressive rock record label originally based in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, dedicated to releasing progressive rock, progressive metal and related styles. In 2009, it formed a partnership with Century Media Records and moved its base of operations to Dortmund, also in North Rhine-Westphalia. In August 2016, Century Media and InsideOutMusic were acquired by Sony Music Entertainment and moved their operations to Berlin.
Buladean, North Carolina
Buladean is an unincorporated community in northern Mitchell County, North Carolina in the Harrell Township located along North Carolina State Highway 226 southeast of Unicoi, Tennessee, northwest of Bakersville, North Carolina and south of Roan Mountain.

Unicoi, Tennessee
Unicoi is a town in Unicoi County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,833 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.
Voškoniai
Voškoniai is a village in the Kaunas district municipality, Lithuania. It is located 3 km (1.9 mi) north east of Domeikava. Eigirgala library, established in 1953, is in Voškoniai. According to the 2011 census, the village had 880 residents.

Kaunas District Municipality
Kaunas District Municipality (Kauno rajono savivaldybė) is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania. The seat of the municipality is the city of Kaunas, which does not belong to the municipality but is a separate administrative unit. It surrounds the Kaunas City Municipality from the north, west and south, while in the east Kaunas district municipality borders Kaišiadorys District Municipality. Kaunas District Municipality has the second largest international airport in Lithuania (Kaunas International Airport), and is well connected by major roads (A1 highway and Via Baltica), as well as railways with other cities of Lithuania.
Erling Bonnesen
Erling Bonnesen (born 28 March 1955) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Venstre political party. He entered parliament in 2004 after Mariann Fischer Boel resigned her seat.

Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Danish: [ˈvenstʁɐ], lit. 'Left', V), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology.

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2022 general elections, Venstre received 13.3% of the vote and 23 out of 179 seats. Following the resignation of Jakob Ellemann-Jensen, the party is led by Troels Lund Poulsen who serves as the country's Deputy Prime Minister. Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament.
1596 Keichō–Fushimi earthquake
The Keichō–Fushimi earthquake (Japanese: 慶長伏見地震, Hepburn: Keicho–Fushimi Jishin) struck Japan on September 5, 1596. The earthquake measuring 7.5 ± 0.25 MJMA produced intense shaking (evaluated at Shindo 6) across the Kansai region. Devastation was recorded in Kyoto and over 1,200 people perished.

Kobe earthquake
The Kobe earthquake, also known as the Great Hanshin Earthquake (Japanese: 阪神淡路大震災, Hepburn: Hanshin-Awaji daishinsai), occurred on January 17, 1995, at 05:46:53 JST in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, including the region of Hanshin. It measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum intensity of 7 on the JMA Seismic Intensity Scale (XI–XII on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale). The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The focus of the earthquake was located 17 km beneath its epicenter, on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km away from the center of the city of Kobe.

At least 5,000 people died, about 4,600 of them from Kobe. Kobe, with its population of 1.5 million, was the closest major city to the epicenter and hit by the strongest tremors. It was Japan's second deadliest earthquake in the 20th century after the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, in which more than 105,000 people died.