hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moscow Flyer Novice Hurdle
The Moscow Flyer Novice Hurdle is a Grade 2 National Hunt hurdle race in Ireland. It is run at Punchestown Racecourse in January, over a distance of about 2 miles (3,219 metres) and during the race there are nine hurdles to be jumped. The race was first run in 2003 and was called the Byrne Group Novice Hurdle, before changing its name in 2009 to honour the racehorse, Moscow Flyer.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Richard Abel (lawyer)
Richard L. Abel (born September 13, 1941) is a professor of law (now emeritus), a specialist in African Law Studies and a renowned socio-legal scholar. He received his B.A. from Harvard University (1962), his LL.B. from Columbia University (1965) and his Ph.D. from the University of London (1974) where he was a Marshall Scholar. He has been a member of the faculty of the UCLA School of Law since 1974. He is a past president of the Law and Society Association and editor of the Law & Society Review.

Law and Society Association
The Law and Society Association (LSA), founded in 1964, is a group of scholars from many fields and countries who share a common interest in the place of law in social, political, economic and cultural life.  It is one of the leading professional associations for those interested in the sociology of law.
NGC 2257
NGC 2257 is a globular cluster that lies on the outskirts of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). It was discovered in 1834 by John Herschel. The compiler of the New General Catalogue, John Louis Emil Dreyer, described this cluster as "faint, considerably large, round, very gradually a little brighter middle, mottled but not resolved, 17.0 seconds of time diameter." At an aperture of 30.5 arcseconds, its apparent V-band magnitude is 12.62, but at this wavelength, it has 0.12 magnitudes of interstellar extinction.

NGC 2257 is quite old, at about 12.74 billion years old. Its estimated mass is 1.01×105 M☉, and its total luminosity is 5.1×104 L☉, leading to a mass-to-luminosity ratio of 2.00 M☉/L☉. All else equal, older star clusters have higher mass-to-luminosity ratios; that is, they have lower luminosities for the same mass.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Proline rich protein
Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) are a class of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) containing several repeats of a short proline-rich sequence.

Many tannin-consuming animals secrete a tannin-binding protein (mucin) in their saliva. Tannin-binding capacity of salivary mucin is directly related to its proline content. Advantages in using salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) to inactivate tannins are:

PRPs inactivate tannins to a greater extent than do dietary proteins; this results in reduced fecal nitrogen losses,

PRPs contain non specific nitrogen and nonessential amino acids; this makes them more convenient for an animal to exploit rather than using up valuable dietary protein.

Example of this class of protein is IB5, a human parotid salivary protein known to bind with polyphenols (binding responsible for the astringency mouth feel). Other examples include Proline-Rich 12, Proline-Rich Protein 30, and Proline-Rich Protein 21.

Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group -NH2 but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the protonated form (NH2+) under biological conditions, while the carboxyl group is in the deprotonated −COO− form. The "side chain" from the α carbon connects to the nitrogen forming a pyrrolidine loop, classifying it as a aliphatic amino acid. It is non-essential in humans, meaning the body can synthesize it from the non-essential amino acid L-glutamate. It is encoded by all the codons starting with CC (CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG).

Proline is the only proteinogenic amino acid which is a secondary amine, as the nitrogen atom is attached both to the α-carbon and to a chain of three carbons that together form a five-membered ring.
Małgorzata Mirga-Tas
Małgorzata Mirga-Tas (Polish pronunciation: [mawɡɔˈʐata ˈmirɡa ˈtas]; born 1978) is a Polish-Romani artist, sculptor, painter, activist, feminist and educator, the winner of the Paszport Polityki Polish art award. In 2022 Mirga-Tas represented Poland at the 59th Venice Biennale as part of the "Milk of Dreams" exhibition, where she was the first Romani artist to represent any country at this art event.

Paszport Polityki
Paszport Polityki (Polityka's Passport) is an annual  Polish cultural award presented by the weekly magazine Polityka since 1993.

It is presented in six major categories: literature, film, theatre, classical music, popular music, visual arts (and entertainment up until 2005). In 2002 a new, seventh category was added: creator of culture while in 2016 the eighth category added was digital culture.

According to the editorial declaration, the award is a distinction for creators who make the fastest progress, surprise with new achievements, their activities bode well in the future and thus deserve care, support and promotion in the world. The award's name was conceived as a symbolic passport to the world's art. It is usually given to relatively young creators, often for outstanding debuts.
NRAO VLA Sky Survey
The NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) was an astronomical survey of the Northern Hemisphere carried out by the Very Large Array (VLA) of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), resulting in an astronomical catalogue. It was led by James J. Condon.

The survey covers 82% sky, consisting of everything north of declination -40 degrees. The observations were made in 'D' and 'DnC' configuration at 1.4 gigahertz (21 cm), with an angular resolution of 45 arcsec. It was proposed at the same time as the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, and test observations for both surveys were taken in 1992. Observations were made between September 1993 and October 1996.

The Southern Hemisphere was covered by a similar catalogue called the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS), generated using the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope.

National Radio Astronomy Observatory
The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is since 1956 a federally funded research and development center of the United States National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. for the purpose of radio astronomy. NRAO designs, builds, and operates its own high-sensitivity radio telescopes for use by scientists around the world.
Sittaung, Sagaing
Sittaung (Burmese: စစ်တောင်း, pronounced [sɪʔ táʊ̯ɰ̃]) is a town in Paungbyin Township, Mawlaik District, in the Sagaing Region of Burma (Myanmar) on the right bank of the Chindwin River. There is a highway running west to the Indian border which provides Tamu with access to transport on the Chindwin. This road was laid out in 1887 by troops under Major General John James Hood Gordon to better link Manipur with Upper Burma.

Chindwin River
The Chindwin River (Burmese pronunciation: [t͡ɕɪ́ɰ̃dwɪ́ɰ̃ mjɪʔ]), also known as the Ningthi River (Meitei: [niŋtʰi tuɾel]), is a river in Myanmar and the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy River, which itself is the principal river of Myanmar.
Children in Need 2017
Children in Need 2017 was a campaign held in the United Kingdom to raise money for the charity Children in Need. It was the 38th Children in Need appeal show which was broadcast live on BBC One on the evening of Friday 17 November until the early hours of Saturday 18 November.

Greg James and Russell Kane didn't return for the 2017 telethon, and were replaced by Mel Giedroyc

Greg James
Gregory James Alan Milward (born 17 December 1985) is an English radio DJ, television presenter and author. He has been a presenter on BBC Radio 1 since 2007, and has hosted the station's flagship breakfast show since 2018. Before then, he presented its drive-time show.

Since 2017, James has co-hosted the BBC's cricket podcast Tailenders alongside the England cricketer James Anderson and guitarist for the Maccabees, Felix White. He is also a children's author, most notable for the Kid Normal book series with Chris Smith.
C/1978 R3 (Machholz)
Comet Machholz, formally designated as C/1978 R3, is a hyperbolic comet that was observed throughout late 1978. It is the first of 12 comets discovered by American astronomer, Donald Machholz. He found the comet on 12 September 1978 while observing with a 25-cm reflector telescope from Los Gatos, California. He described it as a diffuse object without central condensation with an apparent magnitude of about 11. The first parabolic orbit, calculated by M. P. Candy, indicated that at the moment of discovery the comet was past its perihelion and it was approaching Earth.

Los Gatos, California
Los Gatos (US: /loʊs ˈɡɑːtoʊs, lɔːs -/; Spanish: [loz ˈɣatos]; Spanish for 'The Cats') is an incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population is 32,529 according to the  2020 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area just southwest of San Jose in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Los Gatos is part of Silicon Valley, with several high technology companies maintaining a presence there. Netflix, the streaming service and content creator, is headquartered in Los Gatos and has developed a large presence in the area.
Pleinfeld
Pleinfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈplaɪnfɛlt]) is a Franconian municipality and market town in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in the German state of Bavaria. It is situated in the Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg and in the Franconian Lake District. Pleinfeld is a nationally recognized recreation area.

Nuremberg Metropolitan Region
The Nuremberg Metropolitan Region comprises 3.5 million people on 21,800 square kilometers. With a gross domestic product of 134 billion euros and about 1.9 million employees, this metropolitan region is one of the strongest economic areas in Germany. The major cities are Nuremberg, Fürth, Erlangen, Bayreuth and Bamberg.
Przytoń, Łobez County
Przytoń [ˈpʂɨtɔɲ] (German: Klaushagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Węgorzyno, within Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Węgorzyno, 12 km (7 mi) south of Łobez, and 69 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Łobez
Łobez [ˈwɔbɛs] ⓘ (Kashubian: Łobéz; German: Labes) is a town on the river Rega in northwestern Poland, within the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Łobez County, and has a population of 10,066 (2019).
Rachel K Collier
Rachel K Collier is a Welsh electronic music producer and performer from Swansea, Wales. She studied Creative Music Technology (BMus) for four years at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama before moving to London to further pursue her music career.

Urban Music Awards
The Urban Music Awards (UMA) are a hip-hop, R&B, dance, and soul music awards ceremony that was launched in the UK by Jordan Kensington in 2003 and is now held in multiple countries.

The US version of the award ceremony, the Urban Music Awards USA, was launched on 7 July 2007 at Hammerstein Ballroom, hosted by Foxy Brown and Spragga Benz, with award winners including Adele, Danity Kane, Jay Z, Grandmaster Flash, Sean Paul, Beyoncé, Bobby V, Enrique Iglesias, Rihanna, Lupe Fiasco, Mary Mary, Amy Winehouse, Leona Lewis, and Chip.
Greyhawk (supplement)
Greyhawk is a rules supplement written by Gary Gygax and Robert J. Kuntz and published for the original edition of the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. It has been called "the first and most important supplement" to the original D&D rules. Although the name of the book was taken from the home campaign supervised by Gygax and Kuntz based on Gygax's imagined Castle Greyhawk and the lands surrounding it, Greyhawk did not give any details of the castle or the campaign world; instead, it explained the rules that Gygax and Kuntz used in their home campaign, and introduced a number of character classes, spells, concepts and monsters used in all subsequent editions of D&D.

Castle Greyhawk
Castle Greyhawk is one of the central dungeon settings in the fictional World of Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game. The Castle was originally developed by Gary Gygax, for his own campaign and later detailed for publication. Castle Greyhawk is also the name of a 1988 Dungeons & Dragons adventure module that created a treatment of the Castle for the public to use. In 2005, Gygax announced the release of "Castle Zagyg," his new treatment of the dungeon.
Dimmi che non passa (EP)
Dimmi che non passa is Violetta Zironi's debut EP, released after the end of season 7 of the Italian version of The X Factor in 2013.
It features her first single, title track "Dimmi che non passa", four of the cover songs she performed during the TV show and a classic Italian song of the 1940s called "Ma l'amore no", performed with the sole accompaniment of her ukulele.

The EP peaked at # 13 in the Italian FIMI official chart.

Ukulele
The ukulele (/ˌjuːkəˈleɪli/ YOO-kə-LAY-lee; Hawaiian: [ʔukulele]), also called a uke (informally), is a member of the lute (ancient guitar) family of instruments. The ukulele is of Portuguese origin and was popularized in Hawaii. The tone and volume of the instrument vary with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone.

Ukuleles generally have four nylon strings  tuned to GCEA (except baritone, which is normally tuned DGBE). They have 16–22 frets depending on the size.
Louis F. Burns
Louis Francis Burns (Osage Nation, January 2, 1920 – May 20, 2012) was a Native American historian, author, and teacher, known as a leading expert on the history, oral history and culture of the Osage Nation. Burns wrote more than a dozen books and scholarly works on the Osage people. In 2002 he was inducted into the Oklahoma Historians Hall of Fame.

Emporia State University
Emporia State University (Emporia State or ESU) is a public university in Emporia, Kansas, United States. Established in March 1863 as the Kansas State Normal School, Emporia State is the third-oldest public university in the state of Kansas. Emporia State is one of six public universities governed by the Kansas Board of Regents.

The university offers degrees through seven schools, one college, and one institute: the School of Business and Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Library and Information Management, School of Science and Mathematics, School of Visual and Performing Arts, School of Applied Health Sciences, The Teachers College, and the Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies. Prior to the 2023–24 school year, Emporia State only had two schools and colleges.
Bettinardi Golf
Bettinardi Golf is an American sports equipment company that produces a wide range of golf equipment and clothing. Bettinardi was founded in 1998 by Robert J. Bettinardi,

Some of the products manufactured and marketed include putters, wedges, and accessories (tees, headcovers, grips, bags). Bettinardi also markets a clothing line that includes t-shirts, polo shirts, and belts.

Belt (clothing)
A belt is a flexible band or strap, typically made of leather, plastic, or heavy cloth, worn around the natural waist or near it (as far down as the hips). The ends of a belt are free, and a buckle is often used to form the belt into a loop by securing one end to another part of the belt, at or near the other end, though they may also be without a buckle and be simply tied using some form of knot. Often, the resulting loop is smaller than the hips. Belts come in many lengths because of the variety in waist sizes, and when they have a buckle, some belts can be adjusted at it to suit the wearer's waist. It can also be used as a weapon of discipline by parents and sometimes used as a symbol of child abuse in some cases.
James Garfield Beck
James Garfield Beck (1881–1969) was an American educator, coach, postal clerk, socialite, and community leader in Knoxville, Tennessee. He graduated from Knoxville College.

Beck was born in Alabama and named for United States President James Garfield.

Beck became the first African American postal clerk in Tennessee. He and his wife Ethel B. Beck (1897 - 1970) helped establish the Ethel Beck Home for Colored Orphans in 1919. Beck was a sergeant at arms at the 1940 Republican National Convention.  He died on February 9, 1969 at the age of 87.

Knoxville College
Knoxville College is an unaccredited private historically black college in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1875 by the United Presbyterian Church of North America. The college is a United Negro College Fund member school.

A slow period of decline began in the 1970s and by 2015 the school had an enrollment of just 11 students. In May 2015, the college suspended classes until Fall 2016 term in hopes of reorganizing. On May 17, 2018, the Tennessee Higher Education Commission gave its approval for Knoxville College to once again reopen its doors and offer classes. On July 1, 2018, Knoxville College website announced resumption of enrolling students for fall 2018 semester. In May 2022, three students graduated.
Antirrhinum majus
Antirrhinum majus, the common snapdragon (often – especially in horticulture – simply "snapdragon"), is a species of flowering plant belonging to the genus Antirrhinum. The plant was placed in the family Plantaginaceae following a revision of its prior classical family, Scrophulariaceae.

The common name "snapdragon", originates from the flowers' reaction to having their throats squeezed, which causes the "mouth" of the flower to snap open like a dragon's mouth. It is widely used as an ornamental plant in borders and as a cut flower. It is perennial but usually cultivated as an annual plant. The species has been in culture since the 15th century.

Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.  The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs.  Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial  (actinomorphic) symmetry.  The Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.  The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L.
Osieczno
Osieczno [ɔˈɕɛt͡ʂnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Widawa, 29 km (18 mi) south-west of Łask, and 61 km (38 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łask County
Łask County (Polish: powiat łaski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łask, which lies 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 617.38 square kilometres (238.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 50,874, out of which the population of Łask is 18,684 and the rural population is 32,190.
Menderson
Menderson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles M. Menderson, American politician, member of the 13th and 14th Arizona State Legislatures

Nathan Menderson (1820–1904), German-born American business executive and baseball executive

14th Arizona State Legislature
The 14th Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted in Phoenix from January 1, 1939, to December 31, 1940, during Robert Taylor Jones's first and only term as Governor of Arizona. The number of senators remained constant at 19, while the House increased from 51 to 52 members. The Democrats maintained one hundred percent of the senate seats, while the Republicans continued to have a single seat in the House, one of the two from Navajo County.
Robbie Harris
Robbie Harris (born 30 March 1982 in Durban, South Africa) is a rugby union prop, currently playing for KwaZulu-Natal club side Durban Collegians.

He previously played for Leicester Tigers in the Guinness Premiership and before that for the Sharks in the Currie Cup competition and Nottingham RFC in National Division One.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Jan of Tarnów
Jan of Tarnów (Polish: Jan z Tarnowa equally Jan Tarnowski as well as Jan Tarnowski z Tarnowa; c. 1349–1409) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic) from the Lesser Poland region.

Jan was owner of Tarnów, Wielowieś and Jarosław estates. He was Podkomorzy of Sandomierz before 1368, Court Marshal before 1370, Crown Grand Marshal before 1373, starosta of Radom before 1376, castellan of Sandomierz before 1377, voivode of Sandomierz before 1385, starosta of Sandomierz before 1386, General Starost of Ruthenia before 1387, castellan of Kraków and starosta of Kraków in 1406.

In 1401, he was a signatory to the Pact of Vilnius and Radom. His sons Jan and Spytek fought in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410.

Marszałek
Marszałek (English: Marshal, Lithuanian: Maršalka, Belarusian: Маршалак, Latin: Marescallus) was the title of one of the highest officials in the Polish royal court since the 13th century, and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 15th century. It was the highest-ranking of all court officials and was considered the most important advisor to the King of Poland.