hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Limbal nodule
A limbal nodule is any nodular lesion at the limbus (junction of the cornea and sclera) of the eye.

The differential diagnosis for a limbal nodule can include:

Pinguecula

Early Pterygium

Foreign body / foreign body granuloma

Phlycten, an inflamed nodule of lymphoid tissue

Episcleritis

Scleritis

Granuloma

Limbal dermoid, a kind of choristoma (NB: in other organs dermoid can refer to a teratoma)

malignant melanoma

naevus

A 1989 case series of 636 limbal nodules examined over a period of 40 years at the Institute of Ophthalmology in London reported that 351 nodules involved malanocytes with two-thirds being benign nevi. Seventy three lesions were squamous cell carcinomas, and 137 premalignant lesions. Ten percent of the lesions were dermoid nodules.

Corneal limbus
The corneal limbus (Latin: corneal border) is a highly vascularized and pigmented zone between the cornea, conjunctiva, and the sclera (the white of the eye) that protects and heals the cornea. The cornea is composed of three primary cell types: epithelial cells, corneal fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. The corneal surface is one of the body's most specialized structures that undergoes continuous cellular renewal and regeneration. It contains limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) in the palisades of Vogt. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can lead to disorders where limbal stem cells are damaged or absent. Additional disorders involving the corneal limbus are caused by deficiencies in interactions between ocular structures, developmental anomalies, and cancer.

This article explores the structure, functions, disorders, and clinical significance of the corneal limbus.
St. Ladislaus Roman Catholic Church (Lorain, Ohio)
St. Ladislaus Roman Catholic Church was a historic church at 2908 Wood Avenue in Lorain, Ohio. The church was founded by Lorain's Hungarian community.

It was built in 1904 and added to the US's National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The church was closed in 2010 along with other local churches as part of a "reconfiguration" by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland. Statues from the church were restored and later added to the Museum of Divine Statues in Lakewood, Ohio in April 2011.

National Churches Trust
The National Churches Trust, formerly the Historic Churches Preservation Trust, is a British registered charity whose aim is to "promote and support church buildings of historic, architectural and community value across the UK".

It carries out this aim by providing financial grants to repair and modernise church buildings, supporting projects to enable churches to remain open, collaborating with local Churches Trusts and volunteer bodies, providing practical advice, support and information, and working to promote public awareness of the needs of churches.  Its forerunner was the Historic Churches Preservation Trust, whose functions it has taken over, together with those of the Incorporated Church Building Society.
Lancaster station
Lancaster station might refer to:

Lancaster station (Pennsylvania), an Amtrak station in the United States

Lancaster station (California), a Metrolink station in the United States

Lancaster railway station, formerly Lancaster Castle railway station, England

Lancaster railway station (1840–1849), England, the first station in Lancaster, England, open from 1840 to 1849

Lancaster Green Ayre railway station, England, from 1848 to 1966

Lancaster bus station, England

Lancaster station (California)
Lancaster station is owned by and located in the city of Lancaster, California. It serves as a transfer point for several public transportation bus routes as well as the final Metrolink train station on the Antelope Valley Line that originates 69 miles (111 km) away in downtown Los Angeles, at Union Station.

Lancaster station is served by 22 Metrolink Antelope Valley Line trains (11 in each direction) each weekday. Weekend service consists of 12 trains (6 in each direction) on both Saturday and Sunday. On all days, trains are evenly spaced throughout the day.
Zenless Zone Zero
Zenless Zone Zero is a free-to-play action role-playing game developed and published by miHoYo. It was released outside mainland China by HoYoverse.

Zenless Zone Zero was released on Windows, iOS, Android and PlayStation 5 on July 4, 2024. A port for Xbox Series X/S was released on June 6, 2025. It received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise of its gameplay, soundtrack, animation and characters.

Video game graphics
A variety of computer graphic techniques have been used to display video game content throughout the history of video games. The predominance of individual techniques have evolved over time, primarily due to hardware advances and restrictions such as the processing power of central or graphics processing units.
Virtual minefield
The Virtual Minefield is an art installation by conceptual artist Peter Zizka in collaboration with relief organisation Medico International, one of the participants in the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, to draw attention to the threat of land mines and unexploded ordnance in many countries.

Zizka created a floor-based art installation to show photographic images of land mines. Segments of the installation were available to purchase to raise money for Medico International's landmine victim fund. Proceeds went towards financing work to  clear minefields, psychological and physical rehabilitation measures for land mine victims and education programmes Medico's project regions in Angola, Afghanistan, Cambodia and El Salvador.

The Virtual Minefield received the Gold Award from the jury of ADC Deutschland and ADC Europe.

Art Directors Club of New York
The Art Directors Club of New York is an organization for art directors in New York City. It was founded in 1920, and has grown as an industry group, promoting art directors' work through exhibitions and awards, including the annual DESI award for design excellence.
Jeffrey Licon
Jeffrey Licon (born August 29, 1985) is an American actor most notable for his role as Carlos Garcia on the Nickelodeon show, The Brothers García. He portrayed Eric Preston, a supporting character in the 2004 movie Mysterious Skin. He had a leading role in Alien Raiders, and smaller roles in the television series Joan of Arcadia, NYPD Blue, Cold Case, Walker, Texas Ranger, Second Noah, Lincoln Heights, The Mentalist, and The Closer (Season 4 Episode 12).

The Mentalist
The Mentalist is an American procedural drama television series that ran from September 23, 2008, until February 18, 2015, broadcasting 151 episodes over seven seasons, on CBS. Created by Bruno Heller, who was also its executive producer, the show follows former "psychic" Patrick Jane (Simon Baker), who is a consultant to the California Bureau of Investigation (CBI), and his boss, senior agent Teresa Lisbon (Robin Tunney). Jane uses highly developed observational skills to "read" people's minds and to solve murder cases.
Spark (mathematics)
In mathematics, more specifically in linear algebra, the spark of a  matrix  is the smallest integer  such that there exists a set of  columns in  which are linearly dependent. If all the columns are linearly independent,  is usually defined to be 1 more than the number of rows. The concept of matrix spark finds applications in error-correction codes, compressive sensing, and matroid theory, and provides a simple criterion for maximal sparsity of solutions to a system of linear equations.

The spark of a matrix is NP-hard to compute.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Maikammer
Maikammer (Palatine German: Maikomma) is a municipality in the Südliche Weinstraße district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the German Wine Route, approx. 5 km south of Neustadt an der Weinstraße. Maikammer is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Maikammer.

German Wine Route
The German Wine Route or Wine Road (German: Deutsche Weinstraße, pronounced [ˌdɔʏtʃə ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə]) is the oldest of Germany's tourist wine routes.  Located in the Palatinate region of the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate, the route was established in 1935.
Nanka Serkedzhieva
Nanka Serkedzhieva (1925–2012) was a Bulgarian officer who was the second woman in Bulgaria to reach the rank of Major General. During her career in State Security, Nanka received a total of 9 awards, making her one of the most awarded female officers in Bulgaria.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
2009 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)
The Queen's Birthday Honours 2009 were appointments Australian honours system to recognise and reward good works by citizens of Australia and other nations that contribute to Australia. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations and were announced on 8 June 2009 in Australia.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour with grades and then divisions i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.

† indicates an award given posthumously.

Overwatch Battle Group (West)
Overwatch Battle Group (West) was an Australian Army battlegroup that represented Australia's largest contribution to the Multinational force in Iraq. The Battle Group was established in July 2006 and was based at Tallil Airbase in Dhi Qar Governorate, consisting of units previously assigned to the third, and final, rotation of the Al Muthanna Task Group. It was withdrawn in June 2008.
Death of Elliott Williams
Elliott Earl Williams (born 1974) was a US Army veteran who died in the Tulsa County, Oklahoma jail on October 27, 2011. The medical examiner determined in a 2014 report that he died from "complications of vertebrospinal injuries due to blunt force trauma", starvation, and dehydration. Special Administrator Robbie Emery Burke, representing the Estate of Mr. Williams, filed a lawsuit on April 16, 2012, against Sheriff Stanley Glanz, Correctional Healthcare Management of Oklahoma, Inc., et al. The Claims for Relief pertain to Cruel and Unusual Punishment in Violation of the Eighth Amendment and/or the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution; and Wrongful Death.

Administrator of an estate
The administrator of an estate is a legal term referring to a person appointed by a court to administer the estate of a deceased person who left no will. Where a person dies intestate, i.e., without a will, the court may appoint a person to settle their debts, pay any necessary taxes and funeral expenses, and distribute the remainder according to the procedure set down by law. Such a person is known as the administrator of the estate and will enjoy similar powers to those of an executor under a will.
Deer Hunter
A deer hunter is a person who hunts deer for meat and sport, and, formerly, for producing buckskin hides.

Deer Hunter or variants can also refer to:

Deer Hunter (series), a series of hunting video games

The Deer Hunter, a 1978 film which won the Academy Award for Best Picture

The Deer Hunter (novel), a 1979 novelization of the screenplay of the film

The Dear Hunter, a band from Boston, Massachusetts

"The Deer Hunter" (The Blacklist), a 2015 television episode

"The Deer Hunters", an episode of Gilmore Girls

Deerhunter, an indie rock band from Atlanta

Gilmore Girls season 1
The first season of Gilmore Girls, an American comedy drama television series, began airing on October 5, 2000, on The WB. The season concluded on May 10, 2001, after 21 episodes. The season originally aired on Thursdays at 8 pm ET.

The show was first announced for pickup by The WB for the 2000–2001 season on May 16, 2000, a month after the original filming of the pilot episode in April in the Toronto suburb of Unionville. On March 20, 2001, The WB announced the show's renewal for a second season.
Bill Jaques
Bill Jaques also known as Jacques (8 December 1888 – 6 June 1925) was a professional footballer who played for Northfleet United (where he won the Kent Senior Cup in 1910), Coventry City and Tottenham Hotspur.

Northfleet United F.C.
Northfleet United Football Club was a football club based in Northfleet, Kent.

Around 1890 organised team football was being played in the town and in 1892 the Northfleet F.C. club was founded. It flourished for a few years in the mid-1890s until its demise in 1898. Several years later in 1903 Northfleet United F.C. was founded. In its playing existence (1903–1939) the United club achieved unrivalled success - they won more trophies than any other senior club competing in Kent-based competitions over that period: they were Kent League Champions on ten occasions, Kent League Cup winners on five occasions and Kent Senior Cup winners nine times. The club disappeared as an independent entity in 1946 after amalgamating with Gravesend United to form Gravesend and Northfleet F.C.
Naomi Meara
Naomi Meara (February 26, 1937 – February 28, 2007) was an American psychologist, researcher and academic. She is best known for her scholarship in virtue ethics and ethical decision making for psychologists, her work with Harold Pepinsky in describing and analyzing the language of therapy, and her contributions to the advancement of women within the field of psychology. She served as professor (1986-2002) and chair (1988–91) in the Psychology Department at Notre Dame University, where she was the first Nancy Reeves Dreux Professor of Psychology. She was a fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA), where she served as president of the Counseling Psychology Division, Division 17 (1989). She served on the editorial board of Journal of Counseling Psychology, The Counseling Psychologist, and a number of other journals, and was an active participant in the accreditation process for counseling psychology graduate programs operated by the APA.

The Counseling Psychologist
The Counseling Psychologist is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on timely topics in such diverse areas as multiculturalism and cross-cultural competency, research methods, vocational psychology, assessment, international counseling and research, prevention and intervention, health, social justice, assessment, and training and supervision. This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The journal's editor is Lydia P. Buki, PhD (University of Miami). It has been in publication since 1969 and is currently published by SAGE Publications in association with the Society of Counseling Psychology, Division 17 of the American Psychological Association.
Shackle
A shackle (or shacklebolt), also known as a gyve, is a U-shaped piece of metal secured with a clevis pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism. The term also applies to handcuffs and other similarly conceived restraint devices that function in a similar manner. Shackles are the primary connecting link in all manner of rigging systems, from boats and ships to industrial crane rigging, as they allow different rigging subsets to be connected or disconnected quickly.

A shackle is also the similarly shaped piece of metal used with a locking mechanism in padlocks. A carabiner is a type of shackle used in mountaineering.

Bolt (fastener)
A bolt is an externally helical threaded fastener capable of being tightened or released by a twisting force (torque) to a matching nut. The bolt has an external male thread requiring a matching nut with a preformed female thread.
46th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
46th Siege Battery was a heavy howitzer unit of Britain's Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) in World War I, formed at Tynemouth with a nucleus of Territorial Force coastal gunners from Cornwall. It served on the Somme and the Ancre, at Arras and Hill 70, before going to Ypres during the battles of Autumn 1917. It then fought against the German Spring Offensive and participated in the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive. The battery was absorbed into the Regular Army after the war.

Tynemouth
Tynemouth (/ˈtaɪnmaʊθ/) is a coastal town in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in Tyne and Wear, England. Historically the easternmost town in Northumberland, it is located on the north side of the mouth of the River Tyne, hence its name. It is eight miles (13 kilometres) east-northeast of Newcastle upon Tyne. The medieval Tynemouth Priory and Castle stand on a headland overlooking both the mouth of the river and the North Sea, with the town centre lying immediately west of the headland.

Until 1974, the town was a county borough which included the nearby town of North Shields.

At the 2021 census the Tynemouth built-up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which also includes North Shields) had a population of 60,605. The population of Tynemouth itself at the 2021 census was 10,256.
Netherlands at the Hopman Cup
Netherlands is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on eight occasions, their first appearance coming at the 2nd annual staging of the event in 1990. They have been runner-up in one tournament  in  2006.

2006 Hopman Cup
The 2006 Hopman Cup (also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th Hopman Cup tournament. The champions were Lisa Raymond and Taylor Dent of the United States. The Netherlands qualified and reached the final. Michaëlla Krajicek won her singles match, and Taylor Dent beat Peter Wessels. The mixed doubles competition was won in close sets by Raymond and Dent. The event was held at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth on 30 December 2005 through 6 January 2006. This was the first elite-level tennis tournament in which players could challenge line calls using the Hawk-Eye technology. Players or teams had a limit of two unsuccessful challenges per set.
The Adventures of Champion (TV series)
The Adventures of Champion is an American children's Western television series that aired from September 23, 1955, to March 3, 1956, for 26 episodes on CBS. In the United Kingdom, the series was re-broadcast under the title Champion the Wonder Horse. The series was repeated on and off by the BBC in the UK throughout the 70s, 80s and early 90s, with its final BBC broadcast being the episode "The Stone Heart" on 23 January 1993.

Westerns on television
Television Westerns are programs with settings in the later half of the 19th century in the American Old West, Western Canada and Mexico during the period from about 1860 to the end of the so-called "Indian Wars". More recent entries in the Western genre have used the neo-Western subgenre, placing events in the modern day, or the space Western subgenre, but still draw inspiration from the outlaw attitudes prevalent in traditional Western productions.

When television became popular in the late 1940s and 1950s, Westerns quickly became an audience favorite, with 30 such shows airing at prime time by 1959. Traditional Westerns faded in popularity in the late 1960s, while new shows fused Western elements with other types of shows, such as family drama, mystery thrillers, and crime drama. In the 1990s and 2000s, slickly packaged made-for-TV movie Westerns were introduced.
Bailey Brook, Nova Scotia
Bailey Brook, also referred to as Bailey's Brook was a dispersed rural community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located  in Pictou County. The name was officially rescinded in 1961. Originally known as Baillies Brook, the area was settled by Scottish immigrants in 1790 and again in 1802.
It was the childhood home of military nurse Margaret C. MacDonald.

Pictou County
Pictou County is a county in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was established in 1835, and was formerly a part of Halifax County from 1759 to 1835. It had a population of 43,657 people in 2021, a decline of 0.2 percent from 2016. Furthermore, its 2016 population is only 88.11% of the census population in 1991. It is the sixth most populous county in Nova Scotia.
Rubens Donizete
Rubens Valeriano Donizete (born 14 August 1979 in Monte Santo de Minas) is a Brazilian bicyclist who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Brazilian Mountain Bike team. He currently runs the team AOO/Specialized (2015-2016).

UCI Mountain Bike World Cup
The UCI Mountain Bike World Cup is a multi-round mountain bike racing series that is sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale. The reigning series leaders in each class are identified by a special jersey.
Munich Airport Terminal station
Munich Airport Terminal station (German: Bahnhof München Flughafen Terminal) is a Munich S-Bahn terminal station at Munich Airport at the end of the Munich East–Munich Airport railway. It is connected to the city by lines S1 and S8. The ride takes approximately 45 minutes to the Marienplatz station in the city centre.

Munich Airport station is located in a tunnel beneath the central area. A second station, Besucherpark (Visitors' Park) connects the cargo and maintenance areas, long-term parking, administrative buildings and the name-giving Visitors' Park.

A second tunnel beneath the terminals is currently unused. Originally, there were plans to use it for intercity railway, then for a Transrapid maglev train making the trip to München Hauptbahnhof in 10 minutes. However, this project was cancelled in March 2008 due to cost escalation.

Inter-city rail
Inter-city rail services are express trains that run services that connect cities over longer distances than commuter or regional trains. They include rail services that are neither short-distance commuter rail trains within one city area nor slow regional rail trains stopping at all stations and covering local journeys only. An inter-city train is typically an express train with limited stops and comfortable carriages to serve long-distance travel.

Inter-city rail sometimes provides international services. This is most prevalent in Europe because of the proximity of its 50 countries to a 10,180,000-square-kilometre (3,930,000-square-mile) area. Eurostar and EuroCity are examples. In many European countries, the word InterCity or Inter-City is an official brand name for a network of regular-interval and relatively long-distance train services that meet certain criteria of speed and comfort. That use of the term appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and has been widely imitated.