hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Translation (geometry)
In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system. In a Euclidean space, any translation is an isometry.

Distance geometry
Distance geometry is the  branch of mathematics concerned with characterizing and studying sets of points based only on given values of the distances between pairs of points. More abstractly, it is the study of semimetric spaces and the isometric transformations between them. In this view, it can be considered as a subject within general topology.

Historically, the first result in distance geometry is Heron's formula in 1st century AD. The modern theory began in 19th century with work by Arthur Cayley, followed by more extensive developments in the 20th century by Karl Menger and others.

Distance geometry problems arise whenever one needs to infer the shape of a configuration of points (relative positions) from the distances between them, such as in biology, sensor networks, surveying, navigation, cartography, and physics.
1993 Italian Open – Men's doubles
Jakob Hlasek and Marc Rosset were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Luke Jensen and Murphy Jensen.

Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis won the title by defeating Wayne Ferreira and Mark Kratzmann 6–4, 7–6 in the final.

Murphy Jensen
Murphy Jensen (born October 30, 1968) is an American former professional tennis player and Grand Slam doubles champion.  He is the younger brother of former professional tennis player Luke Jensen, with whom he teamed to win the 1993 French Open Doubles title.

He is the co-founder of WEconnect, a healthcare information technology company with a platform designed to aid addiction recovery, and currently the head coach of the Washington Kastles of World TeamTennis.
Simplicia (plant)
Simplicia is a genus of plants in the grass family, native to New Zealand.

Species

Simplicia buchananii (Zotov) Zotov -  New Zealand (South Island)

Simplicia felix de Lange, J.R.Rolfe, Smissen & Ogle - New Zealand (South Island and North Island)

Simplicia laxa Kirk - New Zealand (South Island and North Island)

Thomas Kirk (botanist)
Thomas Kirk FLS (18 January 1828 – 8 March 1898) was an English-born botanist, teacher, public servant, writer and churchman who moved to New Zealand with his wife and four children in late 1862. The New Zealand government commissioned him in 1884 to compile a report on the indigenous forests of the country and appointed him as chief conservator of forests the following year. He published 130 papers in botany and plants including The Durability of New Zealand Timbers, The Forest Flora of New Zealand and Students' Flora of New Zealand.
Sacagawea Glacier
Sacagawea Glacier is east of the Continental Divide in the northern Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The glacier is located in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness of Shoshone National Forest, and is among the largest grouping of glaciers in the American Rocky Mountains. Sacagawea Glacier flows to the east, from a northeast facing cirque, starting near the summit of Mount Sacagawea. A large moraine and small  proglacial lake are situated beyond the terminal east end of the glacier.

Moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders (in which case it is often referred to as boulder clay) down to gravel and sand, in a groundmass of finely divided clayey material sometimes called glacial flour. Lateral moraines are those formed at the side of the ice flow, and terminal moraines are those formed at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines (till-covered areas forming sheets on flat or irregular topography) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet).
James Chapman (author)
James Chapman (born 1955) is an American novelist and publisher. He was raised in Bakersfield, California, has lived in New York City since 1978, and is the author of ten novels to date.

His work combines experimental technique with a direct emotionality, often dealing with the anguish inherent in human communication.

Excerpted in many print and online magazines, his work has won a Notable Stories in StorySouth's Million Writers Award, and been nominated four times for the Pushcart Prize.

Experimental literature
Experimental literature is a genre of literature that is generally "difficult to define with any sort of precision." It experiments with the conventions of literature, including boundaries of genres and styles; for example, it can be written in the form of prose narratives or poetry, but the text may be set on the page in differing configurations than that of normal prose paragraphs or in the classical stanza form of verse. It may also incorporate art or photography. Furthermore, while experimental literature was traditionally handwritten, the digital age has seen an exponential use of writing experimental works with word processors.
2012 Salford City Council election
The 2012 Salford City Council election took place on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Salford City Council in England. One third of the council was up for election with councillors elected in 2008 Salford Council election defending their seats. Vote shares are calculated against the previous election to the corresponding seat. There was also an election for mayor, and other local elections on the same date.

The composition of the Council following the 2012 elections is:

2012 United Kingdom local elections
The 2012 United Kingdom local elections were held across England, Scotland and Wales on 3 May 2012. Elections were held in 128 English local authorities, all 32 Scottish local authorities and 21 of the 22 Welsh unitary authorities, alongside three mayoral elections including the London mayoralty and the London Assembly. Referendums were also held in 11 English cities to determine whether or not to introduce directly elected mayors.

The BBC's projected national vote share put Labour on 38%, the Conservatives on 31%, the Liberal Democrats on 16% and others on 15%. Rallings and Thrasher of Plymouth University estimated 39% for Labour, 33% for the Conservatives, 15% for the Liberal Democrats, and 13% for others.

The inaugural election of police and crime commissioners for 41 of the 43 territorial police forces in England and Wales took place separately, in November 2012.
Grupiara
Grupiara is a Brazilian municipality located in the northwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 1,387 people living in a total area of 192 km2 (74 sq mi). The city belongs to the mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaiba and to the microregion of Patrocínio.  It became a municipality in 1962.

Microregions of Brazil
A microregion (Portuguese: Microrregião) was a legally defined area in Brazil consisting of a group of municipalities. They were abolished in 2017 and replaced by Intermediate and Immediate Geographic Regions. Microregions were grouped together into mesoregions. In theory, Brazilian law provided for member municipalities to cooperate on matters of common interest, but in practice, the divisions were used primarily for statistical purposes by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.
William Garrioch
William Garrioch Jr. (July 4, 1828 – February 7, 1916) was a farmer and political figure in Manitoba who served in the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia.

He was the son of William Garrioch, a native of Scotland, and Nancy Cook, of Métis descent. Around 1851, Garrioch married Mary Brown. They first settled in St. Peter's parish but later moved to St. Mary's la Prairie. He was named a justice of the peace by 1872. In 1872, the family moved to Kinosota on Lake Manitoba.

He died in Westbourne at the age of 87.

Portage la Prairie
Portage la Prairie (/ˈpɔːrtɪdʒ lə ˈprɛəri/) is a small city in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba, Canada. In 2016, the population was 13,304 and the land area was 24.68 square kilometres (9.53 sq mi).

Portage la Prairie is approximately 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Winnipeg, alongside the Trans-Canada Highway (exactly halfway between the provincial boundaries of Saskatchewan and Ontario). It sits on the Assiniboine River, which flooded the town persistently until a diversion channel north to Lake Manitoba (the Portage Diversion) was built to divert the flood waters. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Portage la Prairie.

According to Environment Canada, Portage la Prairie has the most sunny days during the warm months in Canada. It is the administrative headquarters of the Dakota Tipi First Nations reserve.
Hongqiao Subdistrict, Guangzhou
Hongqiao Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 洪桥街道; traditional Chinese: 洪橋街道; pinyin: Hóngqiáo Jiēdào; lit. 'great bridge') is a subdistrict of Yuexiu District in the heart of Guangzhou, located near important landmarks such as Zhenhai Tower and the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. As of 2011, it has 11 residential communities (社区) under its administration.

Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)
The Sun Yat-sen or Zhongshan Memorial Hall is an octagon-shaped building in Guangzhou, capital of China's Guangdong Province. The hall was designed by Lu Yanzhi and was built with funds raised by local and overseas Chinese people in memory of Sun Yat-sen. Construction work commenced in 1929 and completed in 1931. The hall is a large octagonal structure with a span of 71 metres (233 ft) without pillars, housing a large stage and seats 3,240 people.
Santo Stefano a Macerata
Santo Stefano a Macerata is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Cascina, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 86.

Santo Stefano a Macerata is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Pisa and 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Cascina. The main hamlet of the frazione is called Chiesanuova.

Province of Pisa
The province of Pisa (Italian: provincia di Pisa) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of 2,448 square kilometres (945 mi2) and a total population of 421,642 (As of 2014), it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 comuni (sg.: comune).

With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower, and other historic landmarks that attract tourists.
Robert Everett (computer scientist)
Robert Rivers Everett (June 26, 1921 – August 15, 2018) was an American computer scientist. He was an honorary board member of the MITRE Corporation. He was born in Yonkers, New York.

In 1945 he worked with Jay Forrester on the Whirlwind project, one of the first real time electronic computers. In 1958 he was a founding member of the MITRE Corporation, and was its president from 1969 to 1986.

In 1983 he received the Medal for Distinguished Public Service from the Department of Defense and in 1989 he received the National Medal of Technology.

In 2009, he was named the winner of the 2008 Eugene G. Fubini Award for outstanding contributions to the Department of Defense (DoD).
In 2009, he was also made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his work on the MIT Whirlwind and SAGE computer systems and a lifetime of directing advanced research and development projects."

National Medal of Technology and Innovation
The National Medal of Technology and Innovation (formerly the National Medal of Technology) is an honor granted by the president of the United States to American inventors and innovators who have made significant contributions to the development of new and important technology. The award may be granted to a specific person, to a group of people or to an entire organization or corporation. It is the highest honor the United States can confer to a U.S. citizen for achievements related to technological progress.
Devilian
Devilian was a fantasy massively multiplayer online action role-playing video game (MMOARPG) developed by Bluehole Ginno Games and published by Trion Worlds.
In the game, the player assumes the role of a half-devil, known as a Devilian, which has two forms, a normal form and a devil form, which level up individually. The game was released on Steam on 10 December 2015. On January 19, 2018, it was announced that the game would be discontinued on March 5, 2018.

Krafton
Krafton Inc. (Korean: 주식회사 컴퍼니 크래프톤) is a South Korean video game publisher and holding company based in Bundang District, Seongnam. It was created in November 2018 to serve as the parent company for Bluehole, founded by Chang Byung-gyu in Seoul in March 2007, and its subsidiaries. The company has published several notable video game titles including TERA, PUBG: Battlegrounds, New State Mobile, The Callisto Protocol, and InZOI.
Belmont (Capron, Virginia)
Belmont is a historic plantation house where Nat Turner's Rebellion took place. Located near Capron, Southampton County, Virginia, it was built about 1790 and is a 1+1⁄2-story, frame dwelling sheathed in weatherboard.  It has a side gable roof with dormers and sits on a brick foundation.  It has a single pile, central-hall plan and features a Chinese lattice railing on the second story.  Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse and office.  At Belmont, on the morning of August 23, 1831, Nat Turner's slave rebellion was effectively suppressed.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Central-passage house
The central-passage house, also known variously as central hall plan house, center-hall house, hall-passage-parlor house, Williamsburg cottage, and Tidewater-type cottage, was a vernacular, or folk form, house type from the colonial period onward into the 19th century in the United States.
Chen Huanyou
Chen Huanyou (Chinese: 陈焕友; born 1934) is a retired Chinese politician who served as Governor and Party Secretary of Jiangsu Province.

Chen was born in Nantong, Jiangsu. In March 1950, he entered PLA's Northeast University of Military and Politics and served in the army. In 1952, he enrolled at the industrial economics department of Renmin University of China, and later at engineering economics department at Harbin Institute of Technology.

He was elected governor of Jiangsu in April 1989. He became the secretary of Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in September 1993.

He was a member of the 14th and 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

His major works include "Practices and Thoughts on Jiangsu's Modern Construction", "Introduction to Jiangsu by Chen Huanyou" and "Ten-year Exploration in Jiangsu's Modern Construction".

Harbin Institute of Technology
The Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) is a public science and engineering university in Nan'gang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. It is one of the top universities in China and now affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The university is a member of the C9 League.

The university was founded in 1920 as Harbin Sino-Russia Industrial School. Besides the main campus in Harbin, the university operates two satellite campuses in Shenzhen, Guangdong (as Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen) and in Weihai, Shandong (as Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai).
Ministry of Culture (Cape Verde)
The Ministry of Culture and Creative Industries is a national ministry of the Government of Cape Verde, which is responsible for politics in the area of the country's culture.  Its current minister is Augusto Jorge de Albuquerque Veiga, since August 2024.

Along with other posts, it was created in 1975 after Cape Verde became independent.

The post is responsible for famous historic landmarks.  It also has an institute (Portuguese: Instituto da Investigação e do Património Culturais (IIPC)), the Cultural Heritage Investigation Institute.

Politics of Cape Verde
Politics of Cape Verde takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Cape Verde is the head of government and the President of the Republic of Cape Verde is the head of state, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The constitution, first approved in 1980 and substantially revised in 1992, forms the basis of government organization. It declares that the government is the "organ that defines, leads, and executes the general internal and external policy of the country" and is responsible to the National Assembly.
Weixler
Weixler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dorrit Weixler (1892–1916), German actress

Franz-Peter Weixler (1899–1971), German photographer and war correspondent

Jess Weixler (born 1981/1982), American actress

Jess Weixler
Jessica Weixler (born June 8, 1981)  is an American actress. She played Dawn O'Keefe in the comedy horror film Teeth and Jordan in the comedy The Big Bad Swim and played the role of defense lawyer for Lyle Menendez in the Netflix series Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story.
Bülach District
47°40′N 8°34′E﻿ / ﻿47.667°N 8.567°E﻿ / 47.667; 8.567
Bülach District (Bezirk Bülach) is one of 12 districts of the Canton of Zürich in Switzerland, with some 117,000 inhabitants it is the third largest in the canton. Its administrative capital is Bülach, and the largest municipality in the district is Kloten, the location of Zurich Airport. It includes the Rafzerfeld north of the Rhine, with Rafz, Wil, Hüntwangen and Wasterkingen.

The territory of Bülach has been controlled by Zürich since 1409, the remaining parts followed in the later 15th century (Eglisau 1496), with the exception of the Rafzerfeld, which was acquired by Zürich in 1651.

Zurich Airport
Zurich Airport (German: Flughafen Zürich; IATA: ZRH, ICAO: LSZH) is the largest international airport of Switzerland and the principal hub of Swiss International Air Lines. It serves Zurich, the largest city in Switzerland, and, with its surface transport links, much of the rest of the country. The airport is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of central Zurich, in the municipalities of Kloten, Rümlang, Oberglatt, Winkel, and Opfikon, all of which are within the canton of Zurich.
Ozone Falls
Ozone Falls is a waterfall located in  Cumberland County, Tennessee in the Ozone Falls State Natural Area and  Cumberland Trail State Park. Ozone Falls is situated along Fall Creek, which drains a short section of the Cumberland Plateau between the Crab Orchard Mountains to the west and Walden Ridge to the east. The creek flows down from its source high in the Crab Orchard Mountains for a mile or so before steadying briefly as it enters the community of Ozone. Fall Creek enters the state natural area just after it passes under U.S. Route 70, which runs perpendicular to it. The creek spills over Ozone Falls a few hundred meters south of US-70.  The trailhead is located along US-70.

Justin P. Wilson Cumberland Trail State Park
The Justin P. Wilson Cumberland Trail State Park, commonly known as the Cumberland Trail, is a Tennessee hiking trail and state park following a line of ridges and gorges along the eastern escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains in Tennessee. The trail begins at Cumberland Gap National Historical Park and ends at Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park and Prentice Cooper Wildlife Management Area just outside Chattanooga, Tennessee. The trail travels through 11 Tennessee counties and two time zones.
General (Nigeria)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the Nigerian Army. It ranks above lieutenant-general and is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is only awarded as an honorary rank to the incumbent president of Nigeria in his capacity as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria.  The rank of general is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Nigerian Navy or an air chief marshal in the Nigerian Air Force.

The rank of full general is not always given; this rank is usually held by the Chief of the Defence Staff (if the chief is appointed from the army and not from the navy or the air force).

Officers holding the ranks of lieutenant-general, major-general and brigadier-general may be generically considered to be generals.

Nigerian Navy
The Nigerian Navy (NN) is the naval branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. According to the 2026 Ranking of the Global Firepower Index, it has a naval fleet size of 153 vessels, making it the largest naval force in Africa. It is considered well-trained and has participated in several peacekeeping missions. The NN is renowned as a stabilizing force in the Gulf of Guinea.
Carmen Small
Carmen Small (born April 22, 1980) is an American former racing cyclist, who currently works as a directeur sportif for UCI Women's WorldTeam EF Education–Oatly.

Outside of cycling, Small was a founding member of The Cyclists' Alliance and served as vice director from 2018 to 2019.

EF Education–Oatly
EF Education–Oatly is a women's professional cycling team founded ahead of the 2024 season. The team is based in the United States and competes in elite road bicycle racing. The team's main sponsors are EF Education First, Oatly and Cannondale.
Mark Povinelli
Mark Povinelli (born August 9, 1971) is an American stage, television and movie actor who also does occasional stunt work. Povinelli is also a noted social activist advocating for the rights of others with dwarfism. In June 2017, Povinelli was elected President of the Little People of America, an organization started in 1957 by Billy Barty, which promotes awareness, advocacy and medical assistance for individuals with forms of dwarfism. Povinelli stands 3’ 9½" and weighs 75 pounds (115 cm, 34 kg) as a consequence of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDc), a skeletal dysplasia caused by a mutation in the COL2A1 (type II collagen) gene.

His repertory encompasses drama, comedy, and fantasy. He has appeared in a wide range of productions, from stage plays by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson to roles in television series such as Modern Family and Boardwalk Empire, as well as in popular movies including The Polar Express.

Water for Elephants (film)
Water for Elephants is a 2011 American period romantic drama film directed by Francis Lawrence and written by Richard LaGravenese, based on the 2006 novel by Sara Gruen. The film stars Reese Witherspoon, Robert Pattinson, Christoph Waltz, and Hal Holbrook.

The film was released in the United States on April 22, 2011. It received mixed reviews from film critics and grossed $117 million worldwide on a budget of $38 million.