hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Django (web framework)
Django (/ˈdʒæŋɡoʊ/ JANG-goh; sometimes stylized as django) is a free and open-source, Python-based web framework that runs on a web server. It follows the model–template–views (MTV) architectural pattern. It is maintained by the Django Software Foundation (DSF), an independent organization established in the US as a 501(c)(3) non-profit.

Django's primary goal is to ease the creation of complex, database-driven websites. The framework emphasizes reusability and "pluggability" of components, less code, low coupling, rapid development, and the principle of don't repeat yourself. Python is used throughout, even for settings, files, and data models. Django also provides an optional administrative create, read, update and delete interface that is generated dynamically through introspection and configured via admin models.

Some well-known sites that use Django include Instagram, Mozilla, Disqus, Bitbucket, Nextdoor, and Clubhouse.

Type introspection
In computing, type introspection is the ability of a program to examine the type or properties of an object
at runtime.
Some programming languages possess this capability.

Introspection should not be confused with reflection, which goes a step further and is the ability for a program to manipulate the metadata, properties, and functions of an object at runtime.  Some programming languages also possess that capability  (e.g.,
Java,
Python,
Julia,
and
Go).
Blepharis mitrata
Blepharis mitrata is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It a subshrub native to deserts and dry shrublands in Namibia and the Cape Provinces and Free State of South Africa, including the Khomas Honchland. It is threatened by habitat loss. The whole plant is very spiny.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Globe Aware
Globe Aware,  established in 2001, is an international, non-religious, non-governmental, non-political nonprofit organization headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The organization was founded by Kimberly Haley-Coleman and holds special consultative status with the United Nations.  Globe Aware's mission is to promote cultural awareness and sustainability by implementing community projects in various international host communities. Volunteers are mobilized for short term service projects in over 17 program sites around the world.  Like peers such as Habitat for Humanity, the organization is led by volunteer efforts.

Habitat for Humanity
Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), generally referred to as Habitat for Humanity or Habitat, is a 501(c)(3) Christian nonprofit organization which seeks to build affordable housing.  It is headquartered in Americus, Georgia, United States. As of 2023, Habitat for Humanity operates in more than 70 countries.

Habitat for Humanity works to help build and improve homes for families of low-income or disadvantaged backgrounds. Homes are built using volunteer labor, including that of Habitat homeowners through the practice of sweat equity, as well as paid contractors for certain construction or infrastructure activities as needed. Habitat makes no profit from the sales.

The organization operates with financial support from individuals, philanthropic foundations, corporations, government entities, and mass media companies.
Dialectica scalariella
Dialectica scalariella (echium leaf miner) is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from France to the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Recently an imago was found in Great Britain. It was introduced in Australia for the biological control of the weed Echium plantagineum and has since spread to New Zealand.

The larvae feed on Anchusa strigosa, Borago, Cynoglossum creticum, Echium aculeatum, Echium giganteum, Echium plantagineum, Echium vulgare, Myosotis latifolia and Symphytum officinale. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Echium vulgare
Echium vulgare, known as viper's bugloss and blueweed, is a species of flowering plant in the borage family Boraginaceae. It is native to most of Europe and western and central Asia and it occurs as an introduced species in north-eastern North America, south-western South America and the South and North Island of New Zealand. If eaten, the plant is toxic to horses and cattle through the accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the liver.

The plant root was used in ancient times as a treatment for snake or viper bites. According to the Doctrine of signatures, plants were thought to have traits (in this case a speckled stem reminiscent of snake skin, and flowers like an open viper's mouth) that mirror the ailment they treat.
Kineton Parkes
William Kineton Parkes (1865–1938) was an English novelist, art historian and librarian, known best for his publication concerning sculpture and his 1914 modernist novel Hardware: A Novel in Four Books.

Parkes was born in Aston, Birmingham, one of six children of William Parkes, who worked in Birmingham's jewellery trade. He was educated at King Edward's Grammar School in Aston and at Mason Science College, a predecessor of the University of Birmingham. From 1891 to 1911 he was principal of the Nicholson Institute, Leek.

During 1922 he published his two volume survey Sculpture of Today. The papers for this work and an unpublished third volume are possessed by the Victoria & Albert Museum. A second two volume work The Art of Carved Sculpture was published in 1931. He was a regular contributor to magazines such as Architectural Review, Apollo and The Studio.

Literary modernism
Modernist literature originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is characterised by a self-conscious separation from traditional ways of writing in both poetry and prose fiction writing. Modernism experimented with literary form and expression, as exemplified by Ezra Pound's maxim to "Make it new". This literary movement was driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of the time. The immense human costs of the First World War saw the prevailing assumptions about society reassessed, and much modernist writing engages with the technological advances and societal changes of modernity moving into the 20th century. In Modernist Literature, Mary Ann Gillies notes that these literary themes share the "centrality of a conscious break with the past", one that "emerges as a complex response across continents and disciplines to a changing world".
Countess of Mansfield
Countess of Mansfield is a title that may be held by a woman in her own right or by the wife of the Earl of Mansfield. Women who have held the title include:

Louisa Murray, 2nd Countess of Mansfield (1758–1843), holds the title in her own right

Frederica Murray, Countess of Mansfield (1774-1837), holds the title by marriage

Louisa Murray, 2nd Countess of Mansfield
Louisa Murray, 2nd Countess of Mansfield (née Cathcart, later Greville; 1758 – 11 July 1843), was a Scottish noblewoman. She married firstly to David Murray, 2nd Earl of Mansfield, and secondly to Robert Fulke Greville.
Girdhari Lal Dogra
Girdhari Lal (17 July 1915 – 27 November 1987) was an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir, belonging to the National Conference and later the Indian National Congress. He was a member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly, and served as Finance minister of the state for 26 years. He was also a member of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Indian Parliament), elected from the Jammu–Poonch constituency and the Udhampur constituency.  He was known as "The People’s man".

Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency
Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the six Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir in northern India. The constituency covers 20,230 square kilometres of mountainous Himalayan terrain, and is comparable to the size of Israel. It is composed of the districts of Kishtwar, Ramban, Kathua, Doda, and Udhampur. Udhampur constituency's population is over 2,400,000, and exceeds the population of New Mexico. The seat from 1967 to 1980 was held by Karan Singh, the former crown prince of Jammu and Kashmir. It is currently represented by Union minister Jitendra Singh since 2014 from the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Simtokha Dzong
Simtokha Dzong ('dzong' means "castle-monastery")  also known as Sangak Zabdhon Phodrang (Bhutanese language meaning: "Palace of the Profound Meaning of Secret Mantras") is a small dzong. It was built in 1628 by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, who unified Bhutan. It is the first of its kind built in Bhutan. An important historical monument and former Buddhist monastery, today it houses one of the premier Dzongkha language learning institutes. It recently underwent renovation.

Languages of Bhutan
There are two dozen languages of Bhutan, all members of the Tibeto-Burman language family except for Nepali, which is an Indo-Aryan language, and the Bhutanese Sign Language. Dzongkha, the national language, is the only native language of Bhutan with a literary tradition, though Lepcha and Nepali are literary languages in other countries. Other non-Bhutanese minority languages are also spoken along Bhutan's borders and among the primarily Nepali-speaking Lhotshampa community in South and East Bhutan. Chöke (or Classical Tibetan) is the language of the traditional literature and learning of the Buddhist monastics.
Tune Ventures
Tune Ventures Sdn. Bhd is a private investment company based in Malaysia. It is 40% owned by Tony Fernandes, 30% by Kamarudin Meranun, 25% by Dennis Melka and 5% by Tune Strategic Investments Limited. Multiple companies are majority owned by Tune Ventures, most of which use the Tune brand to market their products. These companies also form part of the Tune Group of companies.

Tony Fernandes
Tan Sri Dato' Sri Anthony Francis Fernandes (born 30 April 1964) is a Malaysian entrepreneur. He is the founder of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd., which took over the first Malaysian budget airline, AirAsia. Fernandes turned AirAsia, a failing government-linked commercial airline, into a highly successful budget airline public-listed company. He has since founded the Tune Group of companies. Until 2021, he was the owner of Caterham Group, the parent company of British car manufacturer Caterham Cars. Until July 2023, he was the majority shareholder of Queens Park Rangers F.C.
Tourism in Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire is one of the four departments of Burgundy. Tourism in this region is founded on its varied landscape (the Saône plain, the Mâconnais, and the Charolais), its gastronomy with the prestigious mâconnais  wines, the charolais beef, the poulet de Bresse (Bresse chicken), and its rich architectural sites, (Autun, Cluny, Paray-le-Monial, and Tournus)

Saône
The Saône (/soʊn/ SOHN, French: [son]; Arpitan: Sona; Latin: Arar) is a river in eastern France (modern region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté). It is a right tributary of the Rhône, rising at Vioménil in the Vosges department and joining the Rhône in Lyon, at the southern end of the Presqu'île.
Loren E. Murphy
Loren E. Murphy (July 25, 1882 – June 2, 1963) was an American jurist who served as an associate justice and chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court.

Born on a farm near Cuba, in Fulton County, Illinois, Murphy received his law degree from University of Michigan Law School in 1906 and then practiced law in Monmouth, Illinois. Murphy served as president of the Monmouth Board of Education and as mayor of Monmouth. He served as county judge for Warren County, Illinois and then as Illinois Circuit Court judge. Murphy also served on the Illinois Appellate Court. From 1939 to 1948, Murphy served on the Illinois Supreme Court and was chief justice. Murphy died at his home in Monmouth, Illinois.

Fulton County, Illinois
Fulton County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 33,609. Its county seat is Lewistown, and the largest city is Canton. Fulton County comprises the Canton, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Peoria-Canton, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Clarksdale Walk of Fame
The Clarksdale Walk of Fame honors notable people from Clarksdale, Mississippi who've made their mark on the culture of Clarksdale. It was created in 2008 by the Clarksdale/Coahoma County Chamber of Commerce as a self-guided walking tour in an effort to increase foot traffic in downtown Clarksdale. The plaques are located near a site of historical significance associated with the honoree. Singer Sam Cooke received the first plaque, dedicated outside the New Roxy theater where he once performed.

Also in Clarksdale is the Blues Alley Walk of Fame which was a precursor to the Clarksdale Walk of Fame. Blues musician John Lee Hooker and the Texas-based rock band ZZ Top were honored. ZZ Top helped raise $1 million in support of the Delta Blues Museum, they have a plaque at the Carnegie Public Library (former location of the museum).

Coahoma County, Mississippi
Coahoma County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,390. Its county seat is Clarksdale. The Clarksdale, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Coahoma County. It is located in the Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi. In 2023, the Clarksdale, Mississippi Micropolitan area was added to form the new Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area. The Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area has a population of roughly 1.4 million.
Frederic Thomas Somerby
Frederic Thomas Somerby or F.T. Somerby (1814–1871) was a painter and "sporting writer" in Boston, Massachusetts, in the mid-19th century. As an author he contributed to Spirit of the Times. He also worked as a decorative painter and kept a studio in Cornhill (ca.1848-1869); clients included the Nantucket County Whigs. Examples of artwork by Somerby reside in the collection of Historic New England.

Spirit of the Times
The Spirit of the Times: A Chronicle of the Turf, Agriculture, Field Sports, Literature and the Stage was an American weekly newspaper published in New York City. The paper aimed for an upper-class readership made up largely of sportsmen. The Spirit also included humorous material, much of it based on experience of settlers near the southwestern frontier. Theatre news was a third important component. The Spirit had an average circulation of about 22,000, with a peak of about 40,000 subscribers. The newspaper ceased publication in 1892.
Villa Fagnano
43°22′29″N 11°20′28″E﻿ / ﻿43.37469°N 11.34119°E﻿ / 43.37469; 11.34119The Villa Fagnano is a baroque-style rural palace structure located near Vagliagli, a hamlet of Castelnuovo Berardenga, a few miles outside Siena, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

The house was erected in 1698 by the Signor Bandini Piccolomini on at the site of a former fortress house, using the designs of Giovanni Battista Piccolomini. An inventory from 1840 noted that the villa was decorated with paintings by Francesco Simonini, and that the chapel had an altarpiece by Casolani, possibly Alessandro.

The villa retains a walled Giardino all'italiana with ordered geometric blocks of flowerbeds, framed by box hedges and punctuated with lemon trees in vases. In the center is a circular fountain with a modern statue of Neptune and an allegory of the four seasons, both by the sculptor Romanelli. In the garden is a nymphaeum with a fishpond and three niches adorned with statues.

Piccolomini
The House of Piccolomini (pronounced [pikkoˈlɔːmini]) is the name of an Italian noble family, Patricians of Siena, who were prominent from the beginning of the 13th century until the 18th century. The family achieved the recognized titles of Pope of the Catholic Church, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Grandee of Spain, and Duke of Amalfi. The family is also featured in Florentine Histories, a book written by Niccolò Machiavelli, where he describes the reign of Pope Pius II, who had allied himself with the Venetians and Prince Vlad Dracula, to wage a war against the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
Maximally informative dimensions
Maximally informative dimensions is a dimensionality reduction technique used in the statistical analyses of neural responses. Specifically, it is a way of projecting a stimulus onto a low-dimensional subspace so that as much information as possible about the stimulus is preserved in the neural response. It is motivated by the fact that natural stimuli are typically confined by their statistics to a lower-dimensional space than that spanned by white noise but correctly identifying this subspace using traditional techniques is complicated by the correlations that exist within natural images.  Within this subspace, stimulus-response functions may be either linear or nonlinear. The idea was originally developed by Tatyana Sharpee, Nicole C. Rust, and William Bialek in 2003.

Linear span
In mathematics, the linear span (also called the linear hull or just span) of a set  of elements of a vector space  is the smallest linear subspace of  that contains  It is the set of all finite linear combinations of the elements of S, and the intersection of all linear subspaces that contain  It is often denoted span(S) or

For example, in geometry, two linearly independent vectors span a plane.

To express that a vector space V is a linear span of a subset S, one commonly uses one of the following phrases: S spans V; S is a spanning set of V; V is spanned or generated by S;  S is a generator set or a generating set of V.

Spans can be generalized to many mathematical structures, in which case, the smallest substructure containing  is generally called the substructure generated by
Camille Ashton
Camille Levin Ashton (born Camille Tayla Levin; April 24, 1990) is an American former professional soccer defender and the current general manager of the NWSL club San Diego Wave FC.

Levin Ashton played for the Stanford Cardinal women's soccer team that won the 2011 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament. She last played for Vålerenga in the Toppserien and in 2013 was the captain of the United States U-23 women's national soccer team.

Stanford Cardinal women's soccer
The Stanford Cardinal women's soccer team represents Stanford University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer. Home games are played at Laird Q. Cagan Stadium, located on the university's campus in Palo Alto. Paul Ratcliffe has coached the Cardinal since 2003, winning Pac-12 Coach of the Year eight times. During his tenure as head coach, the team won the 2011, 2017, and 2019 national championships, and nine Pac-12 titles, played in nine College Cup tournaments, and reached five NCAA Division I tournament finals.

Five Stanford Cardinal players have been awarded the Hermann Trophy, which is awarded annually to the top college soccer player: Kelley O'Hara (2009), Christen Press (2010), Teresa Noyola (2011), Andi Sullivan (2017) and Catarina Macario (2018).
Kartno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kartno [ˈkartnɔ] (German: Kortenhagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Czarnowo, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Stare Czarnowo, 14 km (9 mi) east of Gryfino, and 18 km (11 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gryfino
Gryfino [ɡrɨˈfʲinɔ] (German: Greifenhagen) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with 21,393 inhabitants (2017). It is the capital of Gryfino County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The town is located on the Odra Wschodnia, the eastern branch of the Oder river, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) south of Szczecin in Poland. The western branch of the Oder, 2 km (1 mi) away from the town center, marks the border with Germany. There is a direct road link between Gryfino and the German town of Mescherin across the river.

The Crooked Forest is located in the village of Nowe Czarnowo, just outside Gryfino.
Pavel Bulgakov
Pavel Illyich Bulgakov (3 August 1856 – 1940) was an Imperial Russian division and corps commander. He fought in the war against the Ottoman Empire. He took part in the Russian invasion of East Prussia, a part of the German Empire. On 18 February 1915, his forces were surrounded the German Tenth Army in the Augustow Forest. On 21 February 1915 he and surviving men surrendered. This provided time for the rest of the Russian Tenth Army to form a new defensive position. Bulgakov was taken prisoner by the Germans and remained in captivity until after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. On 3 August 1918 he was released. He traveled by train to Mtsensk in Oryol Oblast, where he was hospitalized after arriving on 8 August 1918. On 6 September 1918 he went to Bălți, Bessarabia (now in Moldova, then controlled by Romania). He remained there for the duration of the Russian Civil War and after the Bolshevik victory. He died shortly after Bessarabia was annexed by the Soviet Union, in detention.

Mtsensk
Mtsensk (Russian: Мценск) is a town in Oryol Oblast, Russia, located on the Zusha River (a tributary of the Oka) 49 kilometers (30 mi) northeast of Oryol, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 43,222 (2010 Census); 47,807 (2002 Census); 48,400 (1989 Soviet census); 28,000 (1970).
Intritenda
Intritenda is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae. It consists of only one species, Intritenda tridentina, which is found in Ecuador (Loja Province).

The wingspan is about 18,5 mm.

Tortricinae
The Tortricinae are the nominate subfamily of tortrix moths. Commonly referred to as leafrollers, as the larvae build shelters by folding or rolling leaves of the food plant,  the tortricinae include several notable pests as well species used as biological control agents against invasive weeds.
Staatsfeind Nr. 1
Staatsfeind Nr. 1 ("Public Enemy No. 1") is the third solo album by German rapper Bushido, released 4 November 2005 via ersguterjunge. Features include Baba Saad, D-Bo, Chakuza, Billy13, Eko Fresh, Godsilla, and J.R. Writer. The album received gold status in Germany for more than 100,000 units sold. Two singles were released, "Endgegner" and "Augenblick".

Silla (rapper)
Matthias Schulze (born 5 May 1984) better known as Silla (formerly Godsilla) is a German rapper who was previously signed to I Luv Money Records. In 2010, Schulze changed his pseudonym "Godsilla" to "Silla" to avoid a lawsuit by Toho, the owners of the rights to Godzilla.
Eure
Eure (/ɜːr/ UR; French pronunciation: [œʁ]; Norman: Eure or Eûre) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2021, Eure had a population of 598,934.

Norman language
Norman or Norman French (Normaund, French: Normand [nɔʁmɑ̃] ⓘ, Guernésiais: Normand, Jèrriais: Nouormand) is a langue d'oïl spoken in the historical and cultural region of Normandy.

The name "Norman French" is sometimes also used to describe the administrative languages of Anglo-Norman and Law French used in England. For the most part, the written forms of Norman and modern French are mutually intelligible. The thirteenth-century philosopher Roger Bacon was the first to distinguish it along with other dialects such as Picard and Bourguignon.

Today, although it does not enjoy any official status outside of Jersey, some reports of the French Ministry of Culture have recognized it as one of the regional languages of France.