hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mary K. Gaillard
Mary Katharine Gaillard (née Ralph; April 1, 1939 – May 23, 2025) was an American theoretical physicist, known for her work in particle physics. She was a professor of the graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley, a member of the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, and visiting scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. She was Berkeley's first tenured female physicist.

Gaillard's influential contributions included the prediction of the mass of the charm quark prior to its discovery (with Benjamin W. Lee); the prediction of 3-jet events (with John Ellis and Graham Ross); and the prediction of b-quark mass (with M.S. Chanowitz and Ellis). Gaillard's autobiography is A Singularly Unfeminine Profession, published in 2015 by World Scientific.

World Scientific
World Scientific Publishing is an academic publisher of scientific, technical, and medical books and journals headquartered in Singapore. The company was founded in 1981. It publishes about 600 books annually, with more than 170 journals in various fields. In 1995, World Scientific co-founded the London-based Imperial College Press together with the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine.
Yahoo Sherpa
Sherpa is a cloud storage platform developed by Yahoo!. It is a hosted, distributed, and geographically replicated key-value data store. The service is a NoSQL system that address the scalability, availability, and latency needs of the conglomerate's websites. Sherpa has abilities such as elastic growth, multi-tenancy, global footprint for local low-latency access, asynchronous replication, representational state transfer (REST) based web service APIs, novel per-record consistency knobs, high availability, compression, secondary indexes, and record-level replication.

Cloud storage
Cloud storage is a model of computer data storage in which data, said to be on "the cloud", is stored remotely in logical pools and is accessible to users over a network, typically the Internet. The physical storage spans multiple servers (sometimes in multiple locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a cloud computing provider. These cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment secured, protected, and running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store user, organization, or application data.

Cloud storage services may be accessed through a colocated cloud computing service, a web service application programming interface (API) or by applications that use the API, such as cloud desktop storage, a cloud storage gateway or Web-based content management systems.
Piet Uys (rugby union)
Pieter de Waal Uys (10 December 1937 — 12 December 2009) was a South African rugby union international.

Born in Paarl, Uys was a scrum-half, of a bigger size than most who were then playing in that position.

Uys earned 12 Test caps for the Springboks throughout the 1960s. Debuting on the 1960–61 tour of Europe, Uys featured in wins against all the home nations during the trip. He represented the Pretoria Police Rugby Club and turned out in provincial rugby for the Bulls, which he captained in the 1970 Currie Cup final loss to Griqualand West.

1960–61 South Africa rugby union tour of Europe
In 1960-61 the South Africa national rugby union team toured England, France, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, playing  a series of test matches, as well as games against club, regional, and representative teams. South Africa won a Grand Slam by winning their test matches against all four Home Nations sides, as well as the test against France. This was the fifth Springboks tour of the Northern Hemisphere.
Junseok Yeo
Jun Seok Yeo (Korean: 여준석; born March 19, 2002) is a South Korean basketball player for the Seattle Redhawks of the West Coast Conference (WCC). Standing at six feet and eight inches, Yeo previously played for Korea University, and Gonzaga Bulldogs.

Yeo also plays for the South Korea men's national basketball team, where he helped the team qualify for the FIBA Asia Cup 2021.

West Coast Conference
The West Coast Conference (WCC) — known as the California Basketball Association from 1952 to 1956 and then as the West Coast Athletic Conference until 1989 — is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I consisting of nine member schools across the states of California, Oregon, and Washington.

All of the current full members are private, faith-based institutions. Seven members are Catholic Church affiliates, with five of these schools being Jesuit institutions, including the newest member of the conference, Seattle. Pepperdine is an affiliate of the Churches of Christ. The conference's second-newest member, the University of the Pacific (which rejoined in 2013 after a 42-year absence), is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, although it has been financially independent of the church since 1969.
Doraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections
Doraemon: A Grandmother's Recollections (ドラえもん: おばあちゃんの思い出, Doraemon: Obāchan no Omoide) is a 2000 Japanese animated science fiction comedy-drama short film. It won the Animation Film Award at the 55th Mainichi Film Awards. It is largely an expanded version of the 1970 chapter "Memories of Grandma".

Parts of Stand by Me Doraemon 2 are largely based on this short film.

Mainichi Film Awards
The Mainichi Film Awards (毎日映画コンクール, Mainichi Eiga Konkūru)
are a series of annual film awards, sponsored by Mainichi Shimbun (毎日新聞), one of the largest newspaper companies in Japan, since 1946. It is the first film festival in Japan.
Skykomish County, Washington
Skykomish County was a county proposed to be carved out of Snohomish and King Counties in Washington state, United States. The name comes from the Skykomish River, which flows through the proposed county's boundaries.

Skykomish River
The Skykomish River is a 29-mile (47 km) long river in the U.S. state of Washington which drains the west side of the Cascade Mountains in the southeast section of Snohomish County and the northeast corner of King County. The river starts with the confluence of the North Fork Skykomish River and South Fork Skykomish River approximately one mile west of Index, then flowing northwesterly towards Puget Sound. It is joined by the Sultan River and the Wallace River at Sultan. It then meets the Snoqualmie River to form the Snohomish River at Monroe. The Snohomish River continues along the river valley eventually dumping into Port Gardner Bay on Possession Sound (part of Puget Sound).

The name "Skykomish" comes from the Lushootseed name of the Skykomish people, sq̓ixʷəbš, meaning "upriver people." It is sometimes referred to by the nickname "Sky River" or "The Sky".
Greenly Island
Greenly Island can refer to:

Greenly Island (South Australia), an island off the coast of the Eyre Peninsula in Australia
Greenly Island Conservation Park, includes the above island

Greenly Island, Canada, an island in Quebec, Canada

Greenly Island Conservation Park
Greenly Island Conservation Park is a protected area associated with Greenly Island  located off the west coast of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia about 70 kilometres (43 miles) west of Coffin Bay.  It was declared in 1972 under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972  ‘to protect the island’s delicate ecology and Australian Sea-lion and New Zealand Fur-seal haul-out areas’  and continuing protected area status for the island which was first declared in 1919.  The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category Ia protected area.
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 94 BC)
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus was a politician in ancient Rome during the late 2nd and early 1st century BC.  He served as praetor in Sicily, probably in 96 BC, shortly after the Second Servile War, when slaves had been forbidden to carry arms.  He ordered a slave to be crucified for killing a wild boar with a hunting spear.  He was consul in 94 BC.  In the civil war between Gaius Marius and Sulla, he took the side of the latter, and was murdered at Rome by the praetor Damasippus on the orders of Gaius Marius the Younger.

He was the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, the consul in 122 BC, and brother of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, the consul in 96.

Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus
Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus was urban praetor in 82 BC during Sulla's civil war. When Pompey joined the Sullans in 83 BC, Brutus was one of the three commanders sent against him. In an unnamed battle, the first of Pompey's career, Brutus was defeated. After the younger Marius' defeat at Sacriportus and retreat to Praeneste in 82 BC, he had Damasippus assemble the Senate and purge it of suspected Sullan sympathisers, leading to the death of four senators. He then joined consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo in Etruria and attempted to relieve the younger Marius at Praeneste. Sulla had Damasippus killed at the Battle of the Colline Gate.
Mark Dingemanse
Mark Dingemanse (Middelburg, Zeeland, the Netherlands, 1983) is a Dutch linguist. He is an associate professor in Language and Communication at the Centre for Language Studies of Radboud University Nijmegen.

He is also a Senior Investigator in the Multimodal Language and Cognition research group at the Nijmegen Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.

Ig Nobel Prize
The Ig Nobel Prize (/ˌɪɡ noʊˈbɛl/) is a satirical prize awarded annually since 1991 to promote public engagement with scientific research. Its aim is to "honor achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think." The name of the award is a pun on the Nobel Prize, which it parodies, and on the word ignoble. Most awards are for genuine scientific achievements with an unorthodox, obvious or humorous slant, while other awards are given ironically to various fraudsters, politicians, media figures, or promoters of pseudoscience.

Organized by the scientific humor magazine Annals of Improbable Research (AIR), the Ig Nobel Prizes are presented by Nobel laureates in a ceremony at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The winners also deliver public lectures. The Ig Nobel Prize monetary award is given in a solitary banknote for the amount of 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollars (US$0.40, but the banknote is worth more as a collector's item).
Preska, Sevnica
Preska (pronounced [ˈpɾeːska]) is a small settlement in the hills south of Boštanj in the Municipality of Sevnica in east-central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Sevnica
The Municipality of Sevnica (Slovene: Občina Sevnica) is a municipality along the Sava and the Mirna Rivers in southeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Sevnica. Today it is part of the Lower Sava Statistical Region. It is the 12th-largest municipality by area in Slovenia.
Candlestick Tower
Candlestick Tower is a 450-foot-tall (140 m) sandstone butte located in the Island in the Sky District of Canyonlands National Park, in San Juan County, Utah. Its descriptive name comes from its resemblance to a candlestick. Candlestick Tower is composed of Wingate Sandstone, which is the remains of wind-borne sand dunes deposited approximately 200 million years ago in the Late Triassic.

The nearest higher neighbor is Shaft Benchmark, 2 mi (3.2 km) to the east; Upheaval Dome is located 3 mi (4.8 km) to the north and the Green River Overlook is situated 2.5 mi (4.0 km) to the east. Access to the tower is via the four-wheel-drive White Rim Road. Candlestick is situated north of Soda Springs Basin and south of Holeman Spring Basin, and the top of this geological formation rises 1,400 feet above the White Rim Road in approximately one mile. Precipitation runoff from Candlestick Tower drains into the nearby Green River via these two basins.

Candlestick
A candlestick (or candleholder) is a device used to hold a candle upright in place. Most candlesticks have a cup, a spike (called a "pricket"), or both to secure the candle.

Before the widespread adoption of electricity, candles were carried between rooms using a chamberstick—a short candlestick with a pan to catch dripping wax.

Although electric lighting has largely replaced candles in daily use, candlesticks and candelabras remain common as decorative objects or for creating ambience during special occasions such as dinners, religious ceremonies, and commemorations.
Howard C. Whisler
Howard C. Whisler (1931–2007) was an American mycologist. Born in Oakland, California, he attended Berkeley schools and then Palo Alto High School. Howard worked on his undergraduate degree at Oregon State College for two years and then went to the University of California, Berkeley, where he completed a Bachelor of Science degree in plant pathology in 1954. He joined the United States Air Force from 1954 to 1956 stationed in Italy. He returned to University of California, Berkeley after his military life and had finished his doctoral degree with Ralph Emerson in 1960. From 1960 to 1961 he held a post doctoral NATO-NSF Fellowship in France, at the Université de Montpellier. Howard was appointed assistant professor of Botany at McGill University in 1961. He was appointed to the faculty at the University of Washington on March 15, 1963 and worked until he died on September 16, 2007, at the age of 76.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Macrosiphum badium
Macrosiphum badium, commonly known as the false Solomon's-seal aphid, is a species of aphid in the genus Macrosiphum found only in western North America.

Macrosiphum badium uses west coast members of the genus Maianthemum as its various host plants.

Macrosiphum badium appears reddish brown to reddish green in color, with small indentations on the sides. Its Siphunculi are medium in length and are dusky colored, with black tips.

The species was described in 2000 by Andrew Jensen.

Maianthemum
Maianthemum includes the former genus Smilacina and is a genus of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with fleshy, persistent rhizomes. It is widespread across much of North America, Europe and Asia, and may be terrestrial, aquatic or epiphytic. It is characterized by simple, unbranched stems that are upright, leaning or hanging down and have 2–17 foliage leaves. Leaves are simple and may clasp the stem or be short-petiolate. The inflorescence is terminal and either a panicle or a raceme with few to many pedicelate flowers. Most species have 6 tepals and 6 stamens; a few have parts in 4s. Tepals are distinct  in most species and all of similar size. Flowers are spreading, cup-shaped or bell-shaped and usually white, but lavender to red or green in some species. Fruits are rounded to lobed berries containing few to several seeds.
Absorption (economics)
In economics, absorption is the total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves.  As the absorption is equal to the sum of all domestically produced goods consumed locally and all imports, it is equal to national income [Y = C + I + G + (X - M)] minus the balance of trade [X - M].

The term was coined, and its relation to the balance of trade identified, by Sidney Alexander in 1952.

The term "absorption" is often used in real estate to assess demand for leasing space.

Final good
A final good or consumer good is a final product ready for sale that is used by the consumer to satisfy current wants or needs, unlike an intermediate good, which is used to produce other goods. A microwave oven or a bicycle is a final good.

When used in measures of national income and output, the term "final goods" includes only new goods. For example, gross domestic product (GDP) excludes items counted in an earlier year to prevent double counting based on resale of items. In that context, the economic definition of goods also includes what are commonly known as services.

Manufactured goods refer to products that have undergone processing or assembly, distinguishing them from raw materials.
James Harrison (Labour politician)
James Harrison (30 August 1899 – 2 May 1959) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.

He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottingham East at the 1945 general election, and held the seat until its abolition for the 1955 general election.  He was then returned for the new Nottingham North constituency, and died in office in May 1959, aged 59.

No by-election was called after his death, and the Nottingham North seat remained vacant until Parliament was dissolved on 18 September for the 1959 general election.

Nottingham North
Nottingham North was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was abolished. Subject to major boundary changes – including gaining the communities of Kimberley and Nuthall in the Borough of Broxtowe, the Nottingham City ward of Leen Valley ward from Nottingham South, and losing Bilborough ward in exchange – it was reformed as Nottingham North and Kimberley, which was first contested in the 2024 general election.
The Engagement of St Ursula and Prince Etherius
The Engagement of St Ursula and Prince Etherius (also known as Marriage of St. Ursula and Prince Conan) is a panel from the Saint Auta Altarpiece commissioned in 1522 by Eleanor, Queen of Portugal for the Convent of Madre de Deus, Lisbon, Portugal. It was painted by an artist known as the Master of the Altarpiece of Santa Auta. It shows the betrothal of the 4th-century Roman-British Saint Ursula to Etherius, also known as Conan Meriadoc, British Celtic leader. It also features a group of African musicians at the Portuguese court.

St Auta, for whom the altarpiece is named, was reportedly one of 11,000 virgins who accompanied St Ursula on her journey to Cologne where she was martyred. Her relics were brought to Portugal in 1517, and the pope recognised her as a saint in 1521.

The painting is in the National Museum of Ancient Art in Lisbon.

Eleanor of Viseu
Dona Eleanor of Avis (Portuguese: Leonor de Avis [li.uˈnoɾ ðɨ viˈzew]; 2 May 1458 – 17 November 1525), also known as Leonor de Lencastre or Eleanor of Viseu (after her father's title, Duke of Viseu), was a Portuguese infanta (princess) and queen consort of Portugal. She was wife of King John II of Portugal and sister to King Manuel I of Portugal. Eleanor is one of Portugal's more famous queen consorts and is best known as the founder of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia, a charitable organization operating since 1498.
Nina Grebeshkova
Nina Pavlovna Grebeshkova (Russian: Нина Павловна Гребешкова; 29 November 1930 – 10 May 2025) was a Russian actress, who was married to film director Leonid Gaidai. Over the years of her creative activity, she played more than eighty roles in films (mostly supporting).

In 1954, graduated from Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (workshop of Vladimir Belokurov and Vasili Vanin).

From 1954 to 1990, she was an actress of the National Film Actors' Theatre.

Grebeshkova died on 10 May 2025, at the age of 94. She was buried at the Kuntsevo Cemetery next to her husband Leonid Gaidai.

National Film Actors' Theatre
The National Film Actors' Theatre or State Theatre of Cinema Actors (Russian: Государственный театр киноактёра) is a theatre company in Moscow, Russia, founded in December 1943 by the Council of People's Commissars to train film directors and film actors and to provide work for film actors between shoots. It is housed in a building originally built as a house of culture for political prisoners by two of the Vesnin brothers between 1931 and 1935. It is located at 33 Povarskaïa Street in the north of the Arbat District in the Central Administrative Okrug. Since 2013 its director has been V. Baycher.
Kisku
Kisku is a surname indicating a particular clan (paris) of the Santals found in India. Notable people called Kisku include:

Amiya Kumar Kisku (1923–?), Indian politician

Somai Kisku, Santali writer, author and preacher of Sari Dharam

Choton Kisku, Indian politician

Jadunath Kisku (1923–1985), Indian politician

Jamadar Kisku (born 1949), Indian writer of Santali language from West Bengal

Prithvi Chand Kisku (1927–2011), Indian politician

Rathin Kisku (born 1984), Indian singer

Sarada Prasad Kisku (1929–1996), Santhali writer and educator

Jadunath Kisku
Jadunath Kisku (1 July 1923 – 1985) was an Indian politician and a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) political party. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India in 1977 from Jhargram constituency in West Bengal.
Paul Graham (American football)
Paul Seabrook Graham (July 7, 1892 – September 1985) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York from 1920 to 1926 and again from 1942 to 1945.

Graham was a native of Dayton, Ohio and attended the Springfield YMCA Training School (now Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Springfield College
Springfield College is a private university in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. The institution's mission, called the Humanics philosophy, calls for educating students in spirit, mind, and body for leadership in service to others. It is also notable for its historical significance as the birthplace of basketball, which was invented on campus in 1891 by Canadian-American instructor and graduate student James Naismith.
Donia Hamed
Donia Hamed (Arabic: دنيا حامد) is an Egyptian model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Egypt Universe 2010 and competed at Miss Universe 2010 and Miss World 2011, but remained unplaced at both events. She has another career in the stock market.

Miss Universe 2010
Miss Universe 2010 was the 59th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on August 23, 2010.

At the end of the event, Stefanía Fernández of Venezuela crowned Ximena Navarrete of Mexico as Miss Universe 2010. It was Mexico's second victory after their victory in 1991.

Contestants from eighty-three countries and territories participated in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Bret Michaels and Natalie Morales. John Legend, The Roots, and Cirque du Soleil performed in this year's pageant.
Ilex marahuacae
Ilex marahuacae is a species of tree in the family Aquifoliaceae. It is endemic to Venezuela. Specifically it lives in Duida-Marahuaca National Park, with an area of occupancy of about 8 square kilometres (3.1 sq mi), although this may be an underestimation. It is found solely on slopes in Venezuela's submontane tropical forest; at the base of tepuis; and near the tops of Marahuaca and Huachamacari. It is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN because of likely habitat threats caused primarily by mining, although to a lesser extent by tourism; the IUCN red list predicts a habitat decline of at least 30% in 30 years.

The species was first described by Steyermark in 1988.

Cerro Huachamacari
Cerro Huachamacari, also spelled Huachamakari or Kushamakari, is a tepui in Amazonas state, Venezuela. It lies northwest of the giant Cerro Duida and the other peaks of the Duida–Marahuaca Massif, and is considerably lower at only around 1,900 metres (6,200 ft).

Cerro Huachamacari has a summit area of 8.75 km2 (3.38 sq mi) and an estimated slope area of 60 km2 (23 sq mi).  It is within Duida-Marahuaca National Park.