hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Rous (historian)
John Rous (c. 1411/20 – 24 January 1492) was an English historian and antiquary, most noted for his Historia Regum Angliae ("History of the Kings of England"), which describes ancient British and English rulers from Brutus to King Henry VII. His historical work is now considered to have "displayed no critical faculty" and to have made credulous the "imaginative embellishments (of) the myths of Geoffrey of Monmouth." However his Rous Roll and Warwick Roll are noted for their historically important illustrations, often credited to Rous's hand but not with certainty.

Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick
The Collegiate Church of St Mary is a Church of England parish church in Warwick, Warwickshire, England. It is in the centre of the town just east of the market place. It is Grade I listed, and a member of the Major Churches Network.

The church has the status of collegiate church as it had a college of secular canons. In governance and religious observance it was similar to a cathedral (although not the seat of a bishop and without diocesan responsibilities). There is a Bishop of Warwick, but this is an 
episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Diocese of Coventry.
Adventures of a Brown Man in Search of Civilization
Adventures of a Brown Man in Search of Civilization (also known as Nirad Chaudhuri Adventures of a Brown Man in Search of Civilisation) is a 1972 color documentary film directed by James Ivory and narrated by Barry Foster. The film covers the life and thoughts of Indian writer Nirad C. Chaudhuri.

Nirad C. Chaudhuri
Nirad Chandra Chaudhuri CBE (23 November 1897 –  1 August 1999) was an Indian writer.

In 1990, Oxford University awarded Chaudhuri, by then a long-time resident of the city of Oxford, an Honorary Degree in Letters. In 1992, he was made an honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).
O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack)
O Brother, Where Art Thou? (released in Europe as O Brother, Where Art Thou?:  Music from the Motion Picture) is the soundtrack album of music from the 2000 American film of the same name, written, directed and produced by the Coen Brothers and starring George Clooney, John Turturro, Tim Blake Nelson, and John Goodman.

The film is set in Mississippi during the Great Depression. The soundtrack, produced by T-Bone Burnett, uses bluegrass, country, gospel, blues, and Southern folk music appropriate to the time period. With the exception of a few vintage tracks (such as Harry McClintock's 1928 single "Big Rock Candy Mountain"), most tracks are modern recordings.

The soundtrack was reissued on August 23, 2011, with 14 new tracks that were not included in the original album, "including 12 previously unreleased cuts from music producer T-Bone Burnett's O Brother sessions."

Ralph Stanley
Ralph Edmund Stanley (February 25, 1927 – June 23, 2016) was an American bluegrass artist, known for his distinctive singing and banjo playing. He began playing music in 1946, originally with his older brother Carter Stanley as part of the Stanley Brothers, and most often as the leader of his band, the Clinch Mountain Boys. He was also known as Dr. Ralph Stanley.

He was part of the first generation of bluegrass musicians and was inducted into both the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor and the Grand Ole Opry. Stanley also often performed with Country music artists and performed the genre itself.
2021 Norwegian Second Division (women)
The 2021 Norwegian Second Division was a third-tier Norwegian women's football league season. The league consisted of 70 teams divided into 8 groups. AaFK Fortuna and Grand Bodø were promoted and no teams were relegated. Reserve teams were not eligible for promotion.

Norwegian Second Division (women)
The Norwegian Second Division (Norwegian: 2. divisjon) is the third highest level of women's football in Norway. It consists of 24 teams divided into two groups of 12 teams. The two group winners are promoted to the Norwegian First Division. The bottom two teams in each group are relegated to the Norwegian Third Division.

Reserve teams of Toppserien clubs can play in the Second Division but are ineligible for promotion to the First Division. Reserve teams of First Division clubs can not play in the Second Division.
Hingel
Hingel (Azerbaijani: xəngəl, Turkish: hingel ) —   is a type of dumpling found in South Caucasus and North Caucasus that is similar to manti. The name of this dish in Azerbaijani Turkish is derived from the combination of the words "Xan" and "gəl".

The meat version of the dish is often associated with the Turkish province of Ardahan and Posof but there is a  stuffed potato variety said to hail from Erzurum in eastern Anatolia. The stuffed meat variety resembles a larger than average Turkish manti, but unlike manti, the filling includes onion, garlic and parsley as well as ground meat. It is served with a sauce of melted butter and yogurt.

The stuffed potato version is also sometimes called Sivas mantisi, named after the Sivas Province. In some versions from Sivas, the hingel dough may be shaped triangularly and boiled plain without any filling. Like other versions, this version is also served with a yogurt and butter sauce.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Eddington Transport Report
The Eddington Transport Report was a major transport study undertaken in Victoria, Australia, by infrastructure consultant Sir Rod Eddington to propose improvements to transport links between the eastern and western suburbs of Melbourne. The report, titled "Investing in Transport–East West Link Needs Assessment", was commissioned in 2006 by the Government of Victoria following the model of the Eddington Transport Study in the United Kingdom and was released in April 2008. Eddington's report recommended new road and rail tunnels, further rail network electrification and improved cycle and bus routes in a bid to reduce congestion. Some of the report's recommendations were implemented by the Brumby Labor government, but many others remained unfunded.

Rod Eddington
Sir Roderick Ian Eddington (born 2 January 1950) is an Australian businessman.

He was first appointed to the board of News Corporation in 1999 and still serves on the News Corp board, as well as the board of another of Rupert Murdoch's companies, 21st Century Fox and the Herald & Weekly Times.

As of December 2020, Eddington is chair of Lion and serves on the board of its Japanese parent company, Kirin. He is also chair of JPMorgan Chase's Asia-Pacific Advisory Council, chair of Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, and a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Business Advisory Council.

He has served in other senior positions including as Chief Executive Officer of British Airways.
USS Manitowoc
USS Manitowoc has been the name of two ships in the United States Navy.

USS Manitowoc (PF-61), a Tacoma-class frigate, served from 1944 to 1946 until transferred to the United States Coast Guard.

USS Manitowoc (LST-1180), a tank landing ship, served from 1973 until 1993.

Tacoma-class frigate
The Tacoma class was a class of 96 patrol frigates which served in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War. Originally classified as gunboats (PG), they were reclassified as patrol frigates (PF) on 15 April 1943. The class is named for its lead ship, Tacoma, a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) S2-S2-AQ1 design, which in turn was named for the city of Tacoma, Washington. Twenty-one ships were transferred to the British Royal Navy, in which they were known as Colony-class frigates, and twenty-eight ships were transferred under Lend-Lease to the Soviet Navy, where they were designated as storozhevoi korabl ("escort ships"), during World War II. All Tacoma-class ships in US service during World War II were manned by United States Coast Guard crews. Tacoma-class ships were transferred to the United States Coast Guard and various navies post-World War II.
Mathias Schubert
Mathias Michael Schubert (born 19 October 1966) is a German physicist, J. A. Woollam Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and member of the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience. He is a specialist in spectroscopic ellipsometry and has contributed to the development of blue and white LED, fast processors and efficient biological and chemical sensors. He is also visiting professor at Linkoping University and Associate Editor of the journal Applied Physics Letters.

Applied Physics Letters
Applied Physics Letters is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by the American Institute of Physics. Its focus is rapid publication and dissemination of new experimental and theoretical papers regarding applications of physics in all disciplines of science, engineering, and modern technology. Additionally, there is an emphasis on fundamental and new developments which lay the groundwork for fields that are rapidly evolving.

The journal was established in 1962. The editor-in-chief is physicist Maria Antonietta Loi of the University of Groningen.
Woogenellup, Western Australia
Woogenellup, sometimes also spelled Woogenilup, is a rural locality of the Shire of Plantagenet in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. The eastern border of Woogenellup is formed by Chester Pass Road, while the southern boundary of the Stirling Range National Park forms its northern border. The Kalgan River runs through the locality from north-west to south-east, and the Kalgan Plains Nature Reserve is located within Woogenellup, south of the river.

Woogenellup is located on the traditional land of the Menang people of the Noongar nation.

Chester Pass Road
Chester Pass Road is a 163-kilometre (101 mi) long road that passes through the Stirling Range between Nyabing and Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.  It passes close to the access road to the base of Bluff Knoll.
Filipa de Eça
Filipa de Eça (c. 1480 - 1551) was a 16th-century Portuguese nun. She was a great-great-granddaughter of king Pedro I of Portugal and Inês de Castro. Elected as Abbess of the Monastery of Lorvão in 1538, she was later expelled by king João III. She appealed the expulsion to the Pope, who nearly 15 years later confirmed her right to be restored to her dignity as Abbess of Lorvão.

Inês de Castro
Inês de Castro (Portuguese pronunciation: [iˈneʒ ðɨ ˈkaʃtɾu]; in Castilian: Inés; 1325 – 7 January 1355) was a Galician noblewoman and courtier, best known as the lover and posthumously recognized wife of King Pedro I of Portugal. The dramatic circumstances of her relationship with Pedro (at the time Prince of Portugal), which was forbidden by his father Afonso IV of Portugal, her murder at the orders of Afonso, Pedro's bloody revenge on her killers, and the legend of the coronation of her exhumed corpse by Pedro, have made Inês de Castro a frequent subject of art, music, drama and poetry through the ages.
Kösseine
The Kösseine is a massif in the High Fichtel mountains in Germany, lying in northeast Bavaria south of Wunsiedel. The highest elevation of this granite massif is the summit of the Große Kösseine, 939 m above sea level (NN). The border between the Bavarian provinces of Upper Franconia and Upper Palatinate runs over the Kösseine as does the European watershed between the North Sea and the Black Sea. Around the Kösseine are the settlements of Wunsiedel, Marktredwitz, Bad Alexandersbad, Waldershof, Hohenhard, Neusorg, Brand, Ebnath, Nagel and Tröstau, tourist resorts within the Fichtel Mountains.

On the Kösseine rises an eponymous stream (officially called the Kössein), which flows through Waldershof and Marktredwitz before discharging into the Rösla, a tributary of the Ohře, near Seußen.

Ohře
The Ohře (Czech pronunciation: [ˈoɦr̝ɛ] ⓘ), also known in English and German as Eger (German pronunciation: [ˈeːɡɐ] ⓘ), is a river in Germany and the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Elbe River. It flows through the Bavarian district of Upper Franconia in Germany, and through the Karlovy Vary and Ústí nad Labem regions in the Czech Republic. It is 304.6 km (189.3 mi) long, of which 256 km (159 mi) is in the Czech Republic, making it the fourth longest river in the country.
NGC 7007
NGC 7007 is a lenticular galaxy with a small bar, around 100 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Indus. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on July 8, 1834. The galaxy is a type 2 seyfert galaxy, and is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 4.9 × 107 M☉.

Like all lenticular galaxies, NGC 7007 has a classical disk similar to most galaxies of its type, having a nearly spherical bulge. Unlike most galaxies of its type, the pattern of dust in NGC 7007 is not circular and continuous surrounding the bulge but shows breaks in its structure. These dust lanes also appear to form dusty spiral arms similar to the Sa galaxies NGC 2855, NGC 4984, and NGC 7377.

NGC 7007 is an isolated galaxy, with it a part of the Telescopium−Grus Cloud, a galaxy filament.

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Blackfriars, Oxford
Blackfriars Priory (formally the Priory of the Holy Spirit) is a Dominican religious community in Oxford, England. Its primary work is the administration of two educational institutions: Blackfriars Studium, a centre of theological studies in the Roman Catholic tradition; and Blackfriars Hall, a constituent permanent private hall of the University of Oxford. The current prior of Blackfriars is Dominic White. The name Blackfriars is commonly used in Britain to denote a house of Dominican friars, a reference to their black cappa, which forms part of their habit.

Blackfriars is located in central Oxford on St Giles', between the Ioannou Centre for Classical and Byzantine Studies and St Cross College.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
HMS Poppy
Two ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Poppy after the flower.

HMS Poppy (1915) was an Arabis-class sloop launched in 1915 and sold in 1923. Picture taken by Eric Murray in 1918

HMS Poppy (K213) was a Flower-class corvette launched in 1941 and sold in 1946  for mercantile service as Rami.

Poppy
A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the source of the narcotic drug mixture opium, which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and narcotic medicinal and recreational drug. It also produces edible seeds. Following the trench warfare in the poppy fields of Flanders, Belgium, during World War I, poppies, specifically the red poppy, have become a symbol of remembrance of soldiers who have died during wartime, especially in the UK, Canada, Australia, Africa and other Commonwealth realms.
Galileo's escapement
Galileo's escapement is a design for a clock escapement, invented around 1637 by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564–1642). Galileo was one of the leading minds of the Scientific Revolution. He was dubbed the founder of theoretical physics. He is also credited with the invention of the celatone (a type of telescope) and the geometric and military compass. Galileo's escapement was the earliest design of a pendulum clock. Since Galileo was by then blind, he described the device to his son Vincenzio, who drew a sketch of it. The son began construction of a prototype, but both he and Galileo died before it was completed.

Celatone
The celatone was a device invented by Galileo Galilei to observe Jupiter's moons with the purpose of finding longitude on Earth.  It took the form of a piece of headgear with a telescope taking the place of an eyehole.
2025–26 Jordanian Pro League
The 2025–26 Jordanian Pro League, known as the CFI Jordanian Pro League for sponsorship reasons, is the 73rd season of Jordanian Pro League since its inception in 1944. The season started  on 31 July 2025.

Al-Hussein are the defending champions of the 2024–25 season. Al-Sarhan and Al-Baqa'a will join as the promoted clubs from the 2024–25 Jordanian First Division League. They will replace Al-Sareeh, Shabab Al-Aqaba, Ma'an and Moghayer Al-Sarhan who were relegated to the 2025 Jordanian First Division League.

Moghayer Al-Sarhan SC
Moghayer Al-Sarhan  (Arabic: نادي مغير السرحان) is a football club based in Badiah Gharbiyah, Mafraq, Jordan. It currently competes in the Jordanian First Division League, the second tier of Jordanian football.
Wat Ngiu Rai railway station
Wat Ngiu Rai railway station is a railway station located in Ngiu Rai Subdistrict, Nakhon Chai Si District, Nakhon Pathom. It is a class 2 railway station located 30.8 km (19.1 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.

Thon Buri railway station
Thon Buri railway station (Thai: สถานีรถไฟธนบุรี) formerly known as Bangkok Noi railway station (สถานีรถไฟบางกอกน้อย), is a class 1 railway station and the current terminus of the Thon Buri Branch Line in Bangkok. Near the station is a railway depot that maintains five functional steam locomotives, which are operated on four special occasions each year. Thon Buri station is the only station in Bangkok that where railway semaphore signals (although unused) are still present on the station grounds.

Despite its name, the station is not located in Thon Buri district, which instead is located in Bangkok Noi district.
Caledonia (1815 ship)
Caledonia was launched at Sunderland in 1815. She was initially an East Indiaman, sailing between England and Bombay under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). In 1820 and again in 1822 she transported convicts to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania). After about 1825 she became a West Indiaman. Her crew abandoned her at sea on 28 August 1832 in a leaky state.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
Lepota Sehlare
Lepota Jeffrey Sehlare (born 30 September 1967) is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2007 to 2009. He was sworn in on 19 September 2007 to fill the casual vacancy arising from Frene Ginwala's resignation. He did not stand for re-election in 2009.

2009 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 22 April 2009 to elect members of the National Assembly and provincial legislatures. These were the fourth general elections held since the end of the apartheid era.

The North Gauteng High Court ruled on 9 February 2009 that South African citizens living abroad should be allowed to vote in elections. The judgment was confirmed by the Constitutional Court on 12 March 2009, when it decided that overseas voters who were already registered would be allowed to vote. Registered voters who found themselves outside their registered voting districts on election day were also permitted to vote for the national ballot at any voting station in South Africa.

The result was a victory for the ruling African National Congress (ANC), which won 264 of the 400 seats in the National Assembly, a fifteen seat reduction compared to the 2004 elections and losing its two-thirds supermajority. ANC leader Jacob Zuma became president.
Van Honthorst
Van Honthorst is a Dutch surname. Notable people with this name include:-

Gerard van Honthorst (1592-1656), artist

Willem van Honthorst (1594-1666), artist

It was also the name of a Dutch steamship.

SS Van Honthorst, in service 1943-46

Willem van Honthorst
Willem van Honthorst (1594–1666), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

He was born in Utrecht as the younger brother of Gerard van Honthorst, whose father Herman taught them to paint along with Abraham Bloemaert. Like his brother, he is known as a follower of Caravaggio and became a respected portrait painter. He was a court painter in Berlin to Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau during the years 1647–1664.
He died in Utrecht.
2010 Brasil Open
The 2010 Brasil Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 10th edition of the event known as the Brasil Open, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2010 ATP World Tour. It took place in Costa do Sauípe, Brazil, from February 8 through February 14, 2010. First-seeded Juan Carlos Ferrero won the singles title.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.