hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vembaukum family
The Vembaukum or Vembakkam family were one of the two preeminent Brahmin dynasties in the Madras Presidency, dominating the Mylapore clique alongside the Calamur clan, and 'possess(ing) an enormous presence in the... bureaucracy of the capital and its surrounding district(s)', whose historical presence began in the 1820s, with the sprawling clan famously having begun holding yearly family conferences by the 1890s to preserve their dynastic unity, political cohesion and influence, and wealth.

Populated by numerous elite lawyers and administrators, the Vembaukum were originally Vadakalai Iyengars from Vembakkam in the Chingleput District of the Madras Presidency (in contrast to the Calamurs, who were Vadama Iyers from North Arcot). The Law Weekly, a legal journal, has been edited and published by the family for over a century.

Vadama
Vadama, meaning "Northern", are a sub-sect of the Iyer community of Tamil Brahmins. While some believe that their name is an indication of the fact that they were the most recent Brahmin migrants to the Tamil country, others interpret the usage of the term "Vadama" as a reference to their strict adherence to the Sanskrit language and Vedic rituals which are of northerly origin.
53rd & 3rd (record label)
53rd & 3rd was an influential Scottish independent record label founded in 1985 in Glasgow by Stephen Pastel (of The Pastels), David Keegan (of Shop Assistants), and Sandy McLean. The label played a pivotal role in documenting the indie pop and C86 scenes of the mid-to-late 1980s.

The Vaselines
The Vaselines are a Scottish alternative rock band. Formed in Glasgow in 1986, the band was originally a duo between its songwriters Eugene Kelly and Frances McKee, but later added James Seenan and Eugene's brother Charlie Kelly on bass and drums respectively from the band Secession.

McKee had formerly been a member of a band named the Pretty Flowers with Duglas T. Stewart, Norman Blake, Janice McBride and Sean Dickson. Eugene Kelly had formerly played in the Famous Monsters.
Georg Zellhofer
Georg Zellhofer (born 25 August 1960) is a football manager and a former player from Austria.

Zellhofer managed SK Rapid Wien for eight months during 2006. Shortly after, he was appointed manager of FK Austria Wien where he would win the 2006–07 Austrian Cup. Brief spells at SV Ried and SC Rheindorf Altach followed. Zellhofer briefly managed the Bahrain under-23 national football team, but left immediately prior to the 2010 Asian Games.

SV Ried
SV Ried, commonly known as SV Oberbank Ried for sponsorship reasons, is an Austrian association football club based in Ried im Innkreis, Upper Austria. The team plays its home matches at Josko Arena, a stadium with a capacity of 7,680. The team will play in the Austrian Football Bundesliga, the top tier of the Austrian football league system, following promotion in the 2024–25 Austrian 2. Liga season.
Blacksoil toadlet
The blacksoil toadlet (Uperoleia trachyderma) is a species of frog in the family Myobatrachidae. It is endemic to Australia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, and intermittent freshwater marshes.

Myobatrachidae
Myobatrachidae, commonly known as Australian ground frogs or Australian water frogs, is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this family vary greatly in size, from species less than 1.5 cm (0.59 in) long, to the second-largest frog in Australia, the giant barred frog (Mixophyes iteratus), at 12 cm (4.7 in) in length. The entire family is either terrestrial or aquatic frogs, with no arboreal species.
Berkshire and Eastern Railroad
The Berkshire and Eastern Railroad (reporting mark BERX) is a shortline railroad in New England and New York, using tracks owned by Pan Am Southern. Pan Am Southern is jointly owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) and Norfolk Southern Railway (NS).

Following CSXT's purchase of Pan Am Systems, CSXT and NS chose Genesee & Wyoming (GWI) to operate Pan Am Southern. GWI, in turn, selected its Pittsburg and Shawmut Railroad (PSR) subsidiary to operate Pan Am Southern. PSR — doing business as Berkshire & Eastern — will operate, maintain, and market the Pan Am Southern freight rail lines previously operated by Pan Am Railways.

Surface Transportation Board approval of the formation and operation of B&E was contingent on the Board's approval of CSXT's purchase of Pan Am Systems. The Board approved the CSXT–Pan Am deal on April 14, 2022. B&E began operating Pan Am Southern on September 1, 2023.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Neurobiology of Stress
Neurobiology of Stress is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering research on the neurobiology of stress. It was established in 2015 and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is R. Valentino (National Institute on Drug Abuse). The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index and in the past, Scopus.

National Institute on Drug Abuse
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is a United States federal government research institute whose mission is to "advance science on the causes and consequences of drug use and addiction and to apply that knowledge to improve individual and public health."

The institute has conducted an in-depth study of addiction according to its biological, behavioral and social components. It has also supported many treatments such as nicotine patches and gums, and performed research into AIDS and other drug-related diseases. Its monopoly on the supply of research-grade marijuana has proved controversial.
Edward Imwinkelried
Edward John Imwinkelried (born September 19, 1945) is an American educator and law scholar. the Edward L. Barrett, Jr. Professor of Law Emeritus at the UC Davis School of Law (King Hall). Imwinkelried is the most cited legal academic in the country in the area of Evidence law.  His book, Scientific Evidence, was cited twice by the U.S. Supreme Court in the ground-breaking evidence case, Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals.

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (/ˈdɔːbərt/ DAW-bərt), 509 U.S. 579 (1993), is a United States Supreme Court case determining the standard for admitting expert testimony in federal courts. In Daubert, the Court held that the enactment of the Federal Rules of Evidence implicitly overturned the Frye standard; the standard that the Court articulated is referred to as the Daubert standard.
2319 aluminium alloy
AA 2319 (UNS A92319: 448 ) is an aluminium alloy principally containing copper (5.8–6.8%) as an alloying element. It also contains ≤0.20% silicon, ≤0.30% iron, 0.20–0.40% manganese, ≤0.02% magnesium, ≤0.10% zinc, 0.10–0.20% titanium, 0.05–0.15% vanadium, 0.10–0.25% zirconium, ≤0.0003% beryllium (in arc welding electrodes) and up to 0.15% trace elements.: 3  The density of 2319 aluminium is 2840 kg/m3. This alloy was first registered in 1958, in the United States.: 3

This alloy is typically used as an arc welding electrode or filler material for use with AA 2219 workpieces.

Unified numbering system
The Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys (UNS) is an alloy designation system widely accepted in North America. Each UNS number relates to a specific metal or alloy and defines its specific chemical composition, or in some cases a specific mechanical or physical property. A UNS number alone does not constitute a full material specification because it establishes no requirements for material properties, heat treatment, form, or quality.
Leighton House Museum
The Leighton House Museum is an art museum and historic house in the Holland Park area of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in west London.

The building was the London home of painter Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton (1830–1896), who commissioned the architect and designer George Aitchison to build him a combined home and studio noted for its incorporation of tiles and other elements purchased in the Near East to build a magnificent Qa'a (room). The resulting building, completed between 1866 and 1895 on the privately owned Ilchester Estate, is now Grade II* listed. It is noted for its elaborate Orientalist and aesthetic interiors.

Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council
Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council, also known as Kensington and Chelsea Council, is the local authority for the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in Greater London, England. The council has been under Conservative majority control since its creation in 1965. It is based at Kensington Town Hall.
22nd Awit Awards
The 22nd Awit Awards were held on December 7, 2009 at the Filoil Flying V Arena, San Juan. They honored the achievements in the Philippine music industry for the year 2008.

Gary Valenciano led the nominations with thirteen. Rico Blanco and Jonathan Manalo followed with eight.  They were followed by Bamboo and Itchyworms with six nods.

The awards show was broadcast live through Ustream, an online video streaming service. Itchyworms won most of the awards with four. A two-hour concert was held right after the awards ceremony.

Rico Blanco
Rico Rene Granados Blanco (born March 17, 1973) is a Filipino singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, actor, endorser and entrepreneur. He began his career as one of the founding members, and served as the chief songwriter, vocalist, guitarist, and keyboardist of the Filipino rock band Rivermaya from 1994 until 2007, and has been a solo artist since 2008.

Blanco's songs and performances gained success and critical acclaim, earning himself a reputation of being one of the well-received local music icons in the Philippines.
Gelonin
Gelonin is a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein and toxin of approximately 30 kDa found in the seeds of the Himalayan plant Gelonium multiflorum. In cell-free systems gelonin exerts powerful N-glycosidase activity on the 28S rRNA unit of eukaryotic ribosomes by cleaving out adenine at the 4324 site. Gelonin lacks carbohydrate-binding domains so it is unable to cross the plasma membrane, making it highly effective only in cell free systems.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
HYC
HYC could refer to:

Hok Yau Club (學友社), an NGO in Hong Kong

Howard Chu, core developer of OpenLDAP

Hyde Central railway station, a rail station in England

Hold Your Colour, an album from the band Pendulum

Harlem Yacht Club

Wycombe Air Park, which has the IATA code HYC

Hyde Central railway station
Hyde Central is the main railway station serving Hyde, in Greater Manchester, England; other stations in the town include Hyde North, Flowery Field and Newton for Hyde. It is a stop on the Hope Valley Line, hosting services between Manchester Piccadilly and Rose Hill Marple.
Gretzky NHL 06
Gretzky NHL 06 is a 2005 ice hockey video game developed by Page 44 Studios and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. The last NHL game to be published by Sony and the first to not involve 989 Sports, it is the sequel to Gretzky NHL 2005. It features professional NHL player Wayne Gretzky. It was Mike Emrick and Darren Pang provide color commentary for the game. It features officially licensed NHL on NBC branding during gameplay. The NBC integration was later used in the EA Sports NHL series, beginning with NHL 15 in 2014. The PS2 version features Wayne Gretzky on the cover in an Edmonton Oilers and New York Rangers uniform, as well as himself as a coach.

989 Studios
989 Studios was a division of Sony Computer Entertainment America (SCEA) that developed games for PlayStation consoles and Windows personal computers. Their games include EverQuest, Twisted Metal III, Twisted Metal 4, Syphon Filter, Syphon Filter 2, Jet Moto 3, Bust a Groove, and others.
Aaron Ross
Aaron Jermaine Ross (born September 15, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He won a college football national championship in 2005 with the Texas Longhorns and the 2006 Jim Thorpe Award as the nation's top defensive back. Ross was selected by the New York Giants in the first round of the 2007 NFL draft. He won Super Bowls XLII and XLVI with the Giants.

Ross also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Baltimore Ravens, and Cleveland Browns.

Jim Thorpe Award
The Jim Thorpe Award, named in memory of multi-sport athlete Jim Thorpe, has been awarded to the top defensive back in college football since 1986. It is voted on by the Oklahoma Sports Hall of Fame.  In 2017, the award became sponsored by Paycom and was named the Paycom Jim Thorpe Award.
1994 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 22
The 1994 Giro d'Italia was the 77th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began in Bologna, with a flat stage on 22 May, and Stage 12 occurred on 2 June with a stage from Bibione. The race finished in Milan on 12 June.

Merano
Merano or Meran is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol, Northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to 3,335 metres (10,942 feet) above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier Valley and the Vinschgau.

The city has been a popular place of residence for several scientists, literary people, and artists, including Franz Kafka, Paul Lazarsfeld and also Empress Elisabeth of Austria, who appreciated its mild climate.
Gayatri
Gayatri (Sanskrit: गायत्री, IAST: Gāyatrī) is the personified form of the Gayatri Mantra, a popular hymn from Vedic texts. She is also known as Savitri, and holds the title of Vedamata ('mother of the Vedas'). Gayatri is the manifestation of Saraswati and is often associated with Savitṛi, a solar deity in the Vedas, and her consort in the Puranas is the creator god Brahma.
Gayatri is also an epithet for the various goddesses and she is also identified as "Supreme pure consciousness".

Pushan
Pushan (Sanskrit: पूषन् , IAST: Pūṣan) is a Hindu Vedic solar deity and one of the Adityas. He is the god of meeting. Pushan is responsible for marriages, journeys, roads, and the feeding of cattle. He was a psychopomp (soul guide), conducting souls to the other world. He protected travelers from bandits and wild beasts, and protected men from being exploited by other men. He was a supportive guide, a "good" god, leading his adherents towards rich pastures and wealth.
Skyline, Ottawa
Skyline is a neighbourhood in Knoxdale-Merivale Ward in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Prior to amalgamation in 2001, the neighbourhood was located in the City of Nepean. It is bounded on the south by Meadowlands Drive of Parkwood Hills, on the west by Clyde Avenue and Merivale Road, on the north by Baseline Road and on the east by the neighbourhood of Fisher Heights.

Most of the houses were built from the early 1950s to 1970s. The community has Minto property featuring a 12-storey high rise with town houses on Eleanor Drive which is owned by Minto Developments Inc. In the early 2000s some garden homes were built off Eleanor Drive. In 2008, Encore Private was built just off Farlane Drive and Baseline Road.

Knoxdale-Merivale Ward
Knoxdale-Merivale (Ward 9) is a city ward in Ottawa, Ontario. Located in the city's west end, the ward is bordered to the east by the Rideau River and Fisher Avenue, the northern boundaries of the community of Barrhaven to the south, Ontario Highway 416 and Cedarview Road to the west and to the north by the Canadian National railway west of Merivale Road and Baseline Road to its east. It includes the communities of portions or all of Arlington Woods, Craig Henry, Tanglewood, Manordale, Crestview, Skyview, Parkwood Hills, Merivale Gardens, Grenfell Glen, Pineglen and Country Place.
Mohammed Balarabe Haladu
Mohammed Balarabe Haladu (1944 – 28 June 1998) was a Nigerian Army Lieutenant general who served as the Commandant of the Nigerian Defence Academy from 1993 to 1994. He was also a former federal Minister for Industry.

Born in Kano, Haladu had his military training in Nigeria Military School, Zaria, Pakistan Military Academy and University College of Wales.

Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across three academic faculties and 17 departments.

Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894, and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to become the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth University became independent again. The annual income of the institution for 2024–2025 was £124.8 million of which £19.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £130.3 million.
Arthur Murphy (Idaho politician)
Arthur Powell Murphy (May 18, 1898 - November 7, 1977) was born in Sandpoint, Idaho and lived most of his life in Northern Idaho's Shoshone County in the town of Mullan.

Between 1917 and 1927, he played minor league baseball, as a first baseman with the Oakland Oaks and Victoria Bees.  He also played for the barnstorming team, House of David.  In 1927, Arthur was a manager for the  Odgen Gunners in the Utah–Idaho League.

In 1937 Murphy entered politics.  He served in the Idaho State House of Representatives as a Democrat from 1937 to 1956.  Then in the Idaho State Senate from 1957 until his death.

On November 7, 1977, Arthur died in a Spokane, Washington hospital after a battle with cancer.

Barnstorming (sports)
In athletics terminology, barnstorming refers to sports teams or individual athletes who travel to various locations, usually small towns, to stage exhibition matches. The term is primarily used in the United States. Barnstorming teams differ from traveling teams in that they operate outside the framework of an established athletic league, while traveling teams are designated by a league, formally or informally, to be a designated visiting team.

Barnstorming allowed athletes to compete in two sports; for example, Reece "Goose" Tatum played basketball for the Harlem Globetrotters and baseball for a Negro leagues barnstorming team. Some barnstorming teams lack home arenas, while others go on "barnstorming tours" in the off-season.
Thomas Courtice
Thomas Barr Courtice (born October 31, 1943) was the president of Ohio Wesleyan University between 1994 and 2004. He received degrees from the University of Pittsburgh, Indiana University, and the University of Minnesota. Prior to becoming president of Ohio Wesleyan, he served for eight years as president of West Virginia Wesleyan College.

Courtice has also served as president of the North Coast Athletic Conference.

Formerly president of Academic Search located in Washington, D.C., he was also a search consultant for AGB Search in Washington, DC.

West Virginia Wesleyan College
West Virginia Wesleyan College is a private college in Buckhannon, West Virginia, United States. It has an enrollment of about 1,055 students from 35 U.S. states and 26 countries. The school was founded in 1890 by the West Virginia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is currently affiliated with the United Methodist Church. West Virginia Wesleyan College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
Tim Stubson
Tim Stubson (born August 9, 1971, in Casper, Wyoming) is an American politician and a former Republican member of the Wyoming House of Representatives representing District 56 from January 2008, when he was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Representative Tom Walsh, until 2017.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay
Robert Bannatyne Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay, GCMG, PC (11 July 1842 – 9 March 1929), known as Sir Robert Finlay from 1895 to 1916, was a British barrister and politician who was Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain from 1916 to 1919.

Nairn
Nairn (/ˈnɛərn/; Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Narann) is a town and former royal burgh in the Highland Council area of Scotland. It is an ancient fishing port and market town around 17 miles (27 km) east of Inverness, at the point where the River Nairn enters the Moray Firth. It is the traditional county town of Nairnshire.

At the 2022 census, Nairn had a population of 9,394, making it the third-largest settlement in the Highland Council area, behind Inverness and Fort William. Nairn is best known as a seaside resort, with two golf courses, beaches, a community centre and arts venue, a small theatre (The Little Theatre) and a small museum, providing information on the local area and incorporating the collection of the former Fishertown museum.
Lyzohub family
The Lyzohub family (Ukrainian: Лизогуби; Russian: Лизогубы; also spelled as Lizohub, Lisohub, Lizogub) was a Ukrainian family of the Cossack Hetmanate. For years many members of the family held high offices in the Ukrainian government.

Petro Doroshenko
Petro Dorofiiovych Doroshenko (Old Ukrainian: Петро / Петръ Дорошен(ъ)ко, modern Ukrainian: Петро Дорофійович Дорошенко; 1627–1698) was a Cossack political and military leader, Hetman of right-bank Ukraine (1665–1672) and a Russian voivode.