hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Relativistic Euler equations
In fluid mechanics and astrophysics, the relativistic Euler equations are a generalization of the Euler equations that account for the effects of general relativity. They have applications in high-energy astrophysics and numerical relativity, where they are commonly used for describing phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts, accretion phenomena, and neutron stars, often with the addition of a magnetic field. Note: for consistency with the literature, this article makes use of natural units, namely the speed of light  and the Einstein summation convention.

Accretion disk
An accretion disk is a structure (often a circumstellar disk) formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body. The central body is most frequently a star. Friction, uneven irradiance, magnetohydrodynamic effects, and other forces induce instabilities causing orbiting material in the disk to spiral inward toward the central body. Gravitational and frictional forces compress and raise the temperature of the material, causing the emission of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency range of that radiation depends on the central object's mass. Accretion disks of young stars and protostars radiate in the infrared; those around neutron stars and black holes in the X-ray part of the spectrum. The study of oscillation modes in accretion disks is referred to as diskoseismology.
Palliser Formation
The Palliser Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Devonian (Famennian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It is a thick sequence of limestone and dolomitic limestone that is present in the Canadian Rockies and foothills of western Alberta. Tall cliffs formed of the Palliser Formation can be seen throughout Banff and Jasper National Parks.

The formation was named for the Palliser Range in Banff National Park (which in turn took its name from John Palliser, the leader of the 1850s Palliser Expedition), by H.H. Beach in 1943. The type locality was defined in 1994 in the "Devil's Gap" section south of Mount Costigan of the Palliser Range, north of Lake Minnewanka.

Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) underlies 1.4 million square kilometres (540,000 sq mi) of Western Canada including southwestern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, Alberta, northeastern British Columbia and the southwest corner of the Northwest Territories. This vast sedimentary basin consists of a massive wedge of sedimentary rock extending from the Rocky Mountains in the west to the Canadian Shield in the east. This wedge is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) thick under the Rocky Mountains, but thins to zero at its eastern margins. The WCSB contains one of the world's largest reserves of petroleum and natural gas and supplies much of the North American market, producing more than 450 million cubic metres (16 billion cubic feet) per day of gas in 2000. It also has huge reserves of coal. Of the provinces and territories within the WCSB, Alberta has most of the oil and gas reserves and almost all of the oil sands.
1913 Dover by-election
The 1913 Dover by-election was held on 23 June 1913.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Wyndham.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Vere Ponsonby, who was unopposed.  Ponsonby would later become ninth Earl of Bessborough.

UK parliamentary by-elections
In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary by-election occurs following a vacancy arising in the House of Commons. They are often seen as a test of the rival political parties' fortunes between general elections.
Just Blaze production discography
The following list is a discography of production by Just Blaze, an American hip hop record producer from Paterson, New Jersey. It includes a list of songs produced, co-produced and remixed by year, artist, album and title.

Sheek Louch
Sean Divine Jacobs (born November 9, 1976), better known by his stage name Sheek Louch (or simply Sheek), is an American rapper, best known as a founding member of East Coast hip hop trio the Lox, which he formed in 1994 with Jadakiss and Styles P.

As a solo act, he is best known for his guest appearance on DMX's 1998 single "Get at Me Dog", which peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100.
BLAST (biotechnology)
In bioinformatics, BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) is an algorithm and program for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of proteins , nucleotides of DNA and/or RNA sequences. A BLAST search enables a researcher to compare a subject protein or nucleotide sequence (called a query) with a library or database of sequences, and identify database sequences that resemble the query sequence above a certain threshold. For example, following the discovery of a previously unknown gene in the mouse, a scientist will typically perform a BLAST search of the human genome to see if humans carry a similar gene; BLAST will identify sequences in the human genome that resemble the mouse gene based on similarity of sequence.

GenBank
The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations. It is produced and maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; a part of the National Institutes of Health in the United States) as part of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC).

In October 2024, GenBank contained 34 trillion base pairs from over 4.7 billion nucleotide sequences and more than 580,000 formally described species.

The database started in 1982 by Walter Goad and Los Alamos National Laboratory. GenBank has become an important database for research in biological fields and has grown in recent years at an exponential rate by doubling roughly every 18 months.

GenBank is built by direct submissions from individual laboratories, as well as from bulk submissions from large-scale sequencing centers.
Philippines at the 2016 Asian Beach Games
The Philippines competed in the 2016 Asian Beach Games in Danang, Vietnam from September 24 to October 5, 2016. The delegation was bannered by 72 athletes in 11 sports including 3-on-3 basketball, marathon swimming, beach athletics, beach kurash, beach rowing, beach sepak takraw, beach volleyball, beach wrestling, jiu-jitsu, muay thai, and pencak silat. Marestella Torres of long jump and Jessie Lacuna of swimming, who were part of the national delegation in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in August 2016, were included in the Philippine team. Philippine Amateur Sepak Takraw Association President Karen Tanchanco-Caballero was named as the team's chef-de-mission.

Jujutsu practitioner, Margarita Ochoa bagged the country's first gold medal of the 2016 Asian Games. Annie Ramirez, also from Jujutsu, bagged the second gold medal in the women’s -55 kg division contest. Both received an incentive of ₱500 thousand from the Philippine Sports Commission for their feat.

2016 Asian Beach Games
The 5th Asian Beach Games (Vietnamese: Đại hội Thể thao Bãi biển châu Á lần thứ năm) was held in Da Nang, Vietnam. It was the second time for Vietnam to host an Asian multi-sports event, after Hanoi held the 2009 Asian Indoor Games. This was only the first time that an event was not held in Hanoi.
Allied leaders of World War II
The Allied leaders of World War II listed below comprise the important political and military figures who fought for or supported the Allies during World War II. Engaged in total war, they had to adapt to new types of modern warfare, on the military, psychological and economic fronts.

Prime Minister of Iran
Prime minister of Iran was a political post in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the Qajar dynasty, and continued into the Pahlavi dynasty from 1923 and, following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, into the Islamic Republic of Iran, before being abolished in 1989.
One Country on Each Side
The One China policy in practice.
  People's Republic of China (PRC).
  Republic of China (ROC).
  Countries recognizing the PRC only.
  Countries recognizing the ROC only.
  Countries recognizing the PRC, but have semi-formal relations with the ROC.

One Country on Each Side is a concept articulated in the Democratic Progressive Party government led by Chen Shui-bian, the former president of the Republic of China (2000–2008), regarding the political status of Taiwan. It emphasizes that the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (or alternatively, Taiwan itself) are two different countries, (namely "One China, one Taiwan"), as opposed to two separate political entities within the same country of "China".  This is the position of the supporters of the Pan-Green coalition.

President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Before 1949 the position had the authority of ruling over mainland China, but losing control of it after communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, the remaining jurisdictions of the ROC have been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Originally elected by the National Assembly, the presidency was intended to be a ceremonial office with no real executive power because the ROC was originally envisioned as a parliamentary republic. Since the 1996 election however, the president has been directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with incumbents limited to serving two terms. The current president is Lai Ching-te of the Democratic Progressive Party, preceded by Tsai Ing-wen from the same party.
The Heights Observatory
The Heights Observatory is an Astronomical Observatory at The Heights School in Modbury Heights, Adelaide, South Australia.

It is sometimes known as the Adelaide Observatory, but it is not to be confused with the observatory formerly established at the University of Adelaide.

Modbury Heights, South Australia
Modbury Heights is a medium-sized suburb in the City of Tea Tree Gully, Adelaide. The suburb is located in the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges around 16 kilometres north east of the Central business district. Much of the suburb is residential but there is a small shopping area along Ladywood Road.

The suburb is bounded by Grenfell Road to the north, Milne Road to the south, Mcintyre Road to the west, Golden Grove Road to the east and is cut in half by Ladywood Road. Modbury Heights is also bounded to the north and north west by the suburb of Wynn Vale, to the north east by Surrey Downs, to the east by Fairview Park, to the south by Modbury North, to the west by Para Hills and to the south east by Redwood Park.
Canal age
The Canal Age is a term of art used by science, technology, and industry historians. Various parts of the world have had various canal ages; the main ones belong to Egypt, Ancient Babylon, and the historical empires of India, China, Southeast Asia, and mercantile Europe. The successes of the Canal du Midi in France (1681), Bridgewater Canal in Britain (fully completed 1769), and Eiderkanal (superseded by today's Kiel Canal) in Denmark (later Germany) (1784) spurred on what was called in Britain "canal mania". In the Thirteen Colonies in 1762 legislation was passed supporting in the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania to improve navigation on the Schuylkill River through Philadelphia.

Canals were critical industry, as until steam locomotives, canals were by the fastest way to travel long distances. Commercial canals generally had boatmen shifts that kept the barges moving behind mule teams 24 hours a day.

Mohawk River
The Mohawk River is a 149-mile-long (240 km) river in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest tributary of the Hudson River, flowing into it in Cohoes, a few miles north of the state capital of Albany. The river is named for the Mohawk Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. A significant portion of the river's valley served as the path of the Erie Canal, key to developing both New York state and the Great Lakes area.  The Mohawk's largest tributary, the Schoharie Creek, accounts for over one quarter (26.83%) of the river's watershed, with West Canada Creek contributing another 16.33% of total.
Coat of arms of Bogotá
The official coat of arms of the Capital District of Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, was granted by the Emperor Charles V to the New Kingdom of Granada
on December 3, 1548 in Valladolid.

It was used by the Viceroyalty of New Granada until independence, when a new coat of arms was adopted for the new republic of Gran Colombia.

It continued to serve unofficially as the emblem of the city, but it was formally adopted as the coat of arms for the city of Bogotá by Accord 31 of 1932.

Capital region
A capital region, also called a capital district or capital territory, is a region or district surrounding the country's capital city. It is not always the official term for the region, but may sometimes be used as an informal synonym. Capital regions can exist for either national or subnational capitals.
Wazerganj railway station
Wazerganj railway station is a railway station on Gaya–Kiul line of Delhi–Kolkata Main Line in East Central Railway zone under Danapur railway division of the Indian Railways. The railway station is situated at Babhandih, Wazerganj in Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar.

East Central Railway zone
The East Central Railway (ECR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India, serving primarily the eastern and central regions of the country. Headquartered in Hajipur, Bihar, the zone manages a vast network of railway lines across five divisions: Sonpur, Samastipur, Dhanbad, Danapur & Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
Alexandra Issayeva
Alexandra Issayeva (born 14 July 1982) is a retired Kazakhstani volleyball player. She was part of the Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
 She played with Rabita Baku.

2010 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2010 FIVB Women's World Championship was the sixteenth edition of the competition. Like the previous tournament, the 2010 edition also was held from 29 October to 14 November 2010 in Japan, though the range of venues and locations was modified slightly (Matsumoto and Hamamatsu replaced Sapporo and Kobe in 2010). Twenty-four teams participated in the tournament.

The tournament was won by Russia, who finished with a perfect record, defeating Brazil in the intense final game. Japan defeated the United States for the third place, winning their first bronze medal in the tournament history, and the first medal since 1978, having so far three gold and three silver already to their name. Russia won its second straight title, while Brazil was prevented from achieving a volleyball double of winning both the men's championship and the women's championship in the same year.

Russia's towering outside hitter Yekaterina Gamova was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
Madeline Aaron
Madeline Aaron (born October 25, 1994) is an American former pair skater. With former partner Max Settlage, she is the 2014 CS U.S. Classic bronze medalist, a two-time U.S. national pewter medalist (2015–2016), and the 2014 U.S. national junior champion.

2014 CS U.S. International Figure Skating Classic
The 2014 CS U.S. International Figure Skating Classic was a senior international figure skating competition held in September 2014 at the Salt Lake City Sports Complex in Salt Lake City, Utah. It was part of the 2014–15 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The preliminary entries were published on August 15, 2014.
Central Scherbakov Park of Culture and Leisure
47°59′42″N 37°47′28″E﻿ / ﻿47.99500°N 37.79111°E﻿ / 47.99500; 37.79111
Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after Shcherbakov is a recreation park in Donetsk. It is located in Voroshylovskyi Raion, in the west it matches with stadium Shakhtar, and in the north there is the Second city pond.

Park was open in 1932. There are rides, playgrounds, alleys for hiking and other recreational facilities available for visitors.
The park is named after Alexander Sergeevich Shcherbakov, who was the Secretary of the Donetsk Oblast Party Committee in 1938. However, the original name was different – at first the park was named after Pavel Petrovich Postyshev, but the park was renamed after the last had been arrested.

Pavel Postyshev
Pavel Petrovich Postyshev (Russian: Павел Петрович Постышев; 18 September [O.S. 6 September] 1887 – 26 February 1939) was a Soviet politician, state and Communist Party official and party publicist. He was a member of Joseph Stalin's inner circle, before falling victim to the Great Purge.

In 2010, a court in Kyiv refused to posthumously rehabilitate Postyshev, citing his complicity in "genocide" because of his part in causing the Holodomor, mass famine in Ukraine in the early 1930s.
Mareka Gena
Mareka Gena was one of the 77 woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Omo Zone, Mareka Gena was a triangle-shaped area located south of the confluence of the Omo River and its east-flowing tributary the Gojeb River, bordered on the southeast by Loma Bosa, on the west by Isara Tocha, and on the north by the Oromia Region. Towns in Mareka Gena included Wacca and Weldehane. Mareka Gena was divided for Gena Bosa and Mareka woredas.

Omo River
The Omo River (Amharic: ኦሞ ወንዝ, romanized: Omo Wenz; also called Omo-Bottego) in southern Ethiopia is the largest Ethiopian river outside the Nile Basin. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia, and it empties into Lake Turkana on the border with Kenya. The river is the principal stream of an endorheic drainage basin, the Turkana Basin.

The river basin is famous for its large number of early hominid fossils and archeological findings such as early stone tools, leading to its inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1980.
Harbor House of Central Florida
Harbor House of Central Florida is a non-profit state-certified domestic violence shelter near Orlando, in Orange County, Florida. Harbor House operates a 24-hour crisis hotline, and provides counseling and a 110-bed safe shelter for women, children and men.   Its activities include community outreach, legal advocacy services, and community and professional education.

Harbor House receives funding from public and private grants, special events, and individual contributions by supporters. In 2015 the organization includes 45 full-time staff members, 10 part-time staff members, and over a thousand volunteers.

Outreach
Outreach is the activity of providing services to any population that might not otherwise have access to those services. A key component of outreach is that the group providing it is not stationary, but mobile; in other words, it involves meeting someone in need of an outreach service at the location where they are. Compared with traditional service providers, outreach services are provided closer to where people may reside, efforts are very often voluntary, and have fewer, if any, enforceable obligations. In addition to delivering services, outreach has an educational role, raising the awareness of existing services. It includes identification of under-served populations and service referral and the use of outreach tools like leaflets, newsletters, advertising stalls and displays, and dedicated events. Outreach is often meant to fill in the gap in the services provided by mainstream (often governmental) services, and is often carried out by non-profit, nongovernmental organizations.
Kučinić
Kučinić (pronounced [kǔtʃinitɕ]), often anglicized to Kucinich (pronounced /kuːˈsɪnɪtʃ/ koo-SIN-itch) is a Croatian family name. Notable persons with that surname include:

Dennis Kucinich (born 1946), American politician

Elizabeth Kucinich (née Harper; born 1977), director of public affairs for the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, wife of Dennis

Jackie Kucinich (born 1981), American reporter, daughter of Dennis

Jackie Kucinich
Jacqueline Faith Kucinich (born November 10, 1981) is an American reporter. She is the Washington bureau chief for The Boston Globe. Previously, she was the Washington bureau chief for The Daily Beast. Since the 2016 presidential election, she has been a CNN commentator.  She is the daughter of Dennis Kucinich, former mayor of Cleveland,  Democratic congressman and two-time presidential candidate. She is also the niece of Gary Kucinich, former Cleveland City Councilman.
Mukluk
Mukluks or kamik (Inuktitut: ᑲᒥᒃ [kaˈmik]) (singular: ᑲᒪᒃ kamak, plural: ᑲᒦᑦ kamiit) are soft boots, traditionally made of reindeer (caribou) skin or sealskin, and worn by Indigenous Arctic peoples, including Inuit, Iñupiat, and Yup'ik.

Mukluks may be worn over an inner boot liner and under a protective overshoe. The term mukluk is often used for any soft boot designed for cold weather, and modern designs may use both traditional and modern materials. The word mukluk is of Yup'ik origin, from maklak, the bearded seal, while kamik is an Inuit word.

Yupik languages
The Yupik languages (/ˈjuːpɪk/) are a family of languages spoken by the Yupik peoples of western and south-central Alaska and Chukotka. The Yupik languages differ enough from one another that they are not mutually intelligible, although speakers of one of the languages may understand the general idea of a conversation of speakers of another of the languages. One of them, Sirenik, has been extinct since 1997.

The Yupik languages are in the family of Eskaleut languages. The Aleut and Proto-Eskimoan diverged around 2000 BCE; within the Proto-Eskimoan classification, the Yupik languages diverged from each other and from the Inuit languages around 1000 CE.
Sindh Agriculture University
Sindh Agriculture University (Sindhi:  سنڌ زرعي يونيورسٽي ٽنڊو ڄام)  is a Pakistani university located in Tando Jam town of  Hyderabad, on Hyderabad-Mirpurkhas highway. It is about 200 km (120 mi) from Karachi's Jinnah International Airport, linked with Super Highway to Hyderabad.

M-9 motorway (Pakistan)
The M-9 motorway or the Karachi–Hyderabad motorway (Urdu: کراچی–حیدرآباد موٹروے) is a north–south motorway in the Sindh province of Pakistan, connecting Karachi to Hyderabad. The six-lane road is 136 kilometres long, and caters to the commercial traffic originating from the Karachi Port and Port Qasim. Daily traffic count is around 30,000 vehicles.

The motorway is an upgrade of the old Super Highway. The Frontier Works Organization executed the project on a build–operate–transfer basis for 25 years.
Bombus bellicosus
Bombus bellicosus is a species of bumblebee in the subgenus Thoracobombus. It is commonly known as the bellicose bumblebee. They have a yellow thorax, black wings, and a black and orange abdomen. B. bellicosus are eusocial insects found in South America, alongside a species called Bombus pauloensis. They primarily live in the grasslands and in shrubs, from Northern Argentina to Southern Brazil. They eat nectar from red clovers, bird's foot trefoil, wild radish, and bugleweed. The species was named by Frederick Smith in 1879 in his publication called "Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum."

Wing
A wing is a structure which produces both lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-drag ratio, which compares the benefit of lift with the air resistance of a given wing shape, as it flies. Aerodynamics includes the study of wing performance in air.

Equivalent foils that move through water are found on hydrofoil power vessels and foiling sailboats that lift out of the water at speed and on submarines that use diving planes to point the boat upwards or downwards, while running submerged. The study of foil performance in water is a subfield of Hydrodynamics.