hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scramble competition
In ecology, scramble competition (or complete symmetric competition or exploitation competition) refers to a situation in which a resource is accessible to all competitors (that is, it is not monopolizable by an individual or group). However, since the particular resource is usually finite, scramble competition may lead to decreased survival rates for all competitors if the resource is used to its carrying capacity. Scramble competition is also defined as "[a] finite resource [that] is shared equally amongst the competitors so that the quantity of food per individual declines with increasing population density". A further description of scramble competition is "competition for a resource that is inadequate for the needs of all, but which is partitioned equally among contestants, so that no competitor obtains the amount it needs and all would die in extreme cases."

Non-renewable resource
A non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption. An example is carbon-based fossil fuels. The original organic matter, with the aid of heat and pressure, becomes a fuel such as oil or gas. Earth minerals and metal ores, fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) and groundwater in certain aquifers are all considered non-renewable resources, though individual elements are always conserved (except in nuclear reactions, nuclear decay or atmospheric escape).

Conversely, resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably) and wind (used to power energy conversion systems) are considered renewable resources, largely because their localized replenishment can also occur within our lifespans.
Borzhava
The Borzhava (Ukrainian: Боржава; Hungarian: Borzsa) is a right tributary of the river Tisza in the Zakarpattia Oblast, western Ukraine. Its basin covers an area of 1,450 km2 (560 sq mi).: 23  It rises in the Eastern Carpathians. It discharges into the Tisza near Vary, on the border with Hungary.

Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian Mountains system.

Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.

To generalize, there are three major provinces (regions): Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and the Southern Carpathians.
Satyrodes appalachia
Satyrodes appalachia, the Appalachian brown or woods eyed brown is a species of Satyrinae butterfly that is native to North America.

Wingspan: 39 to 51 mm.

Larvae on Rhynchospora inundata, Carex lacustris, and Carex stricta.

See Lethe appalachia (Lethe = current genus name) at Wikipedia for more Satyrodes appalachia information.

Carex lacustris
Carex lacustris, known as lake sedge (lucastris is from the Latin lacus, or lake), is a tufted grass-like perennial of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), native to southern Canada and the northern United States. C. lacustris us an herbaceous surface-piercing plant that grows in water up to 50 cm (1.6 ft) deep, and grows 50–150 cm (1.6–4.9 ft) tall. It grows well in marshes and swampy woods of the boreal forest, along river and lake shores, in ditches, marshes, swamps, and other wetland habitat. It grows on muck, sedge peat, wet sand or silt, in filtered or full sunlight.

It's a common sedge that dominates many native wetlands, or intermixes with other sedges and grasses, and its ability to spread by rhizomes makes it a good colonizer for a large area.
Commemorative Cross of the 1916–1918 War
The Commemorative Cross of the 1916–1918 War (Romanian: Medalia Crucea Comemorativă a războiului 1916-1918) is a Romanian First World War campaign medal established on 8 July 1918 by Royal Decree. The Decree was amended four times, in 1919, 1920, 1927 and 1939.

Campaign medal
A campaign medal is a military decoration which is awarded to a member of an armed force who serves in a designated military operation or performs duty in a geographical theater. Campaign medals are very similar to service medals but carry a higher status as the award usually involves deployment to a foreign region or service in a combat zone.
John Hancock Jr.
Reverend Colonel John Hancock Jr. (June 1, 1702 – May 7, 1744) was a colonial American clergyman, soldier, planter, politician. He was father of politician John Hancock. Hancock was born in Lexington, Massachusetts, and was a son of Colonel John Hancock Sr. and Elizabeth Clark. The Hancock Cemetery is named after him.

Lexington, Massachusetts
Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 census.  The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans, and was first settled by Europeans c. 1642 as a farming community. Lexington is well known as the site of the first shots of the American Revolutionary War, in the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775, where the "Shot heard 'round the world" took place. It is home to Minute Man National Historical Park.
Paulo Bilynskyj
Paulo Francisco Muniz Bilynskyj (born 10 March 1987) is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2023. He has served as chairman of the public security committee since 2025.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Antibiotice Iași
Antibiotice Iași is a public pharmaceutical company which is one of the largest drug producing company in Romania. It is 53.02%-owned by the Romanian Ministry of Health. Its research center and production facilities are based in Valea Lupului, a commune near Iași.

Antibiotice produces 150 medicines for human use from 12 therapeutic areas, veterinary medicines, and active substances (Nystatin). Its products are exported to various countries, including the United Kingdom, United States, Hungary, Lithuania, Iraq, Yemen or Vietnam.

Government of Romania
The Government of Romania (Romanian: Guvernul României) forms one half of the executive branch of the government of Romania (the other half being the office of the President of Romania). It is headed by the Prime Minister of Romania, and consists of the ministries, various subordinate institutions and agencies, and the 42 prefectures. The seat of the Romanian Government is at Victoria Palace in Bucharest.

The Government is the public authority of executive power that functions on the basis of the vote of confidence granted by Parliament, ensuring the achievement of the country's domestic and foreign policy and that exercises the general leadership of public administration. The Government is appointed by the President of Romania on the basis of the vote of confidence granted to the Government by the Parliament of Romania.
Konsen-ji (Itano)
Konsen-ji (金泉寺) is a Kōya-san Shingon temple in Itano, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Temple 3 on the Shikoku 88 temple pilgrimage, the main image is of Shaka Nyorai. Said to have been founded by Gyōki, it was rebuilt in the Edo period after being burned by the Chōsokabe.

Buddhist temples in Japan
Buddhist temples or monasteries are (along with Shinto shrines) the most numerous, famous, and important religious buildings in Japan. The shogunates or leaders of Japan have made it a priority to update and rebuild Buddhist temples since the Momoyama period (late 16th century). The Japanese word for a Buddhist monastery is tera (寺) (kun reading), and the same kanji also has the pronunciation ji (on reading), so temple names frequently end in -dera (voiced) or -ji. Another ending, -in (院), is normally used to refer to minor temples. Examples of temple names that have these suffixes are Kiyomizu-dera, Enryaku-ji and Kōtoku-in.
Tikiri Bandara Panabokke I
Tikiri Bandara Panabokke I (known as Panabokke Dissawa)  was a Ceylonese colonial-era legislator. He was the Kandyan Sinhalese member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon, a Police Magistrate for Kandy and acting Diyawadana Nilame. 
Panabokke along with L.T.R. Le Mesurier of the Ceylon Civil Service, translated into English Kandyan the Code of Law Kandian.

His first marriage was to Dambawinne Kumarihamy, daughter of Dambawinne Rate Mahattaya. The marriage produced two daughters Panebokke Tikiri Kumarihamy and Panebokke Kumarihamy. Panebokke Tikiri Kumarihamy married T. B. Aluwihare, they had two sons, Richard Aluwihare and Bernard Aluwihare before her death two days after the birth of their second son. Panebokke Kumarihamy married a Ratwatte, their son was W. A. Ratwatte. Panabokke Dissawa's second marriage to Halangoda Kumarihamy, daughter of Halangoda Rate Mahattaya produced two sons and six daughters which included Sir Tikiri Bandara Panabokke II.

Ceylon Civil Service
The Ceylon Civil Service, popularly known by its acronym CCS, was the premier civil service of the Government of Ceylon under British colonial rule and in the immediate post-independence period. Established in 1833, it functioned as part of the executive administration of the country to various degrees until Ceylon gained self-rule in 1948. Until it was abolished on 1 May 1963 it functioned as the permanent bureaucracy or secretariat of Crown employees that assisted the Government of Ceylon.

Many of the duties of the CCS were taken over by the much larger Ceylon Administrative Service (CAS) which was created absorbing all executive management groups such as the CCS officers and the Divisional Revenue Officers' Service, was to be established with five grades. It was renamed following the declaration of the republic in 1972 as the Sri Lankan Administrative Service which is now the main administrative service of the Government.
2017 Coupe de la Ligue final
The 2017 Coupe de la Ligue final was the 23rd final of France's football league cup competition, the Coupe de la Ligue, a competition for the 42 teams that the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) manages. The final took place on 1 April 2017 at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais in Décines-Charpieu and was contested by Monaco and reigning champions Paris Saint-Germain.

Paris Saint-Germain won the final 4–1 for their 4th consecutive and 7th overall Coupe de la Ligue title.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
Tacoma Building (Chicago)
The Tacoma Building was an early skyscraper in Chicago. Completed in 1889, it was the first major building designed by the architectural firm Holabird & Roche. The Tacoma Building was demolished in 1929 to be replaced by One North LaSalle.

A pioneering building of the Chicago School, it uses a framework of iron and steel constructed by George A. Fuller with, for the first time, all its members fixed together by rivets. While internally still supported by load-bearing walls, the two facades towards LaSalle Street and Madison Street are true curtain walls. With this, Holabird & Roche's structure went beyond William LeBaron Jenney's solution for his Home Insurance Building.

After investigating the lost Chicago landmark, the National Association of Building Owners and Managers diagnosed the cause of its obsolescence to be the building's inefficient layout.

LaSalle Street
LaSalle Street is a major north-south street in Chicago named for René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, a 17th century French explorer of the Illinois Country.  The portion that runs through the Chicago Loop is considered to be Chicago's financial district.
Sunset Limousine
Sunset Limousine is a 1983 American made-for-television comedy film written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais.  Directed by Terry Hughes and shot on locations in San Diego and Los Angeles, the film stars John Ritter, Susan Dey, Paul Reiser, Audrie Neenan, Martin Short, and George Kirby in a story about a limo driver who aspires to be a stand-up comic.

Pre-production began in 1979 after British company WitzEnd Productions signed to produce the project for CBS.  Filming took place during May 1983 with Lainie Kazan, Martin Short, and Audie Neenan joining the cast that month.  The film debuted October 12, 1983 on CBS.

Terry Hughes (director)
Terry Hughes is a British film and television director and producer.

He won the 1976 BAFTA Award for Best Entertainment Programme for The Two Ronnies, the 1985 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing in a Variety or Music Program for Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, and the 1987 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for The Golden Girls. He directed 108 episodes of The Golden Girls between 1985 and 1990.
Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.

Classification of discontinuities
While continuous functions are important in mathematics, not all functions are continuous. If a function is not continuous at a limit point (also called an "accumulation point" or "cluster point") of its domain, it has a discontinuity there. The set of all points of discontinuity of a function may be a discrete set, a dense set, or even the entire domain of the function.
2003 J&S Cup – Singles
Elena Bovina was the defending champion, but chose not to participate that year.
 Amélie Mauresmo won in the final against Venus Williams 6-7(6–8), 6–0, 3–0, retired due to straining an abdominal muscle.

Amélie Mauresmo
Amélie Simone Mauresmo (French pronunciation: [ameli simɔn moʁɛsmo]; born 5 July 1979) is a French former professional tennis player, tennis coach, and tournament director. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 39 weeks. Mauresmo won 25 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including two majors, at the 2006 Australian Open and the 2006 Wimbledon Championships, as well as the 2005 WTA Tour Championships. She also won an Olympic silver medal in singles at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Mauresmo was known for her powerful one-handed backhand and strong net play.

Mauresmo officially announced her retirement from professional tennis on 3 December 2009, ending a career of 15 years. The following year, she started her coaching career, covering both WTA and ATP players, including ATP world No. 1 Andy Murray. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2015. In 2021, Mauresmo was named the director of the French Open.
Stones River
The Stones River (properly spelled Stone's River) is a major stream of the eastern portion of Tennessee's Nashville Basin region and a tributary of the Cumberland River.  It is named after explorer and longhunter Uriah Stone, who navigated the river in 1767.

U.S. Route 231
U.S. Route 231 (US 231) is a north–south U.S highway that is a parallel route of US 31. It runs for 912 miles (1,468 km) from St. John, Indiana, at US 41 to south of US 98 in downtown Panama City, Florida.
One of its most notable landmarks is the William H. Natcher Bridge, a 0.853 miles (1.373 km) long cable-stayed bridge that connects Rockport, Indiana, to Owensboro, Kentucky, spanning the Ohio River.
2025 Hamburg Open
The 2025 Hamburg Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 119th edition of the event for the men and the 23rd edition for the women. The event is classified as an ATP Tour 500 tournament on the 2025 ATP Tour and as a WTA 250 tournament on the 2025 WTA Tour (a WTA 125 tournament the previous year). It took place at Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, Germany between 18 and 24 May 2025 for the men, and between 14 and 20 July 2025 for the women.

ATP 500 tournaments
The ATP 500 tournaments (previously known as the ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, ATP International Series Gold, and ATP Championship Series) are the fourth-highest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, and the ATP Masters 1000 events. The winners of each tournament are awarded 500 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2025, the series includes 16 tournaments, which have draws of 32 for singles (except for the Washington Open: 48) and 16 for doubles. Leading players must enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open; if they play fewer than four, or fail to play in one after the US Open they get a "zero" score towards their world ranking for each one short.

Roger Federer has won the most ATP 500 singles titles (24), while Daniel Nestor has won the most doubles titles (20).
Gumnišče
Gumnišče (pronounced [ɡuˈmniːʃtʃɛ]) is a small village north of Pijava Gorica in the Municipality of Škofljica in central Slovenia. It lies on the edge of the marshlands south of Ljubljana. The municipality is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research has identified its environment as being in danger from urban sprawl as a result of its proximity to Ljubljana.

Municipality of Škofljica
The Municipality of Škofljica (pronounced [ˈʃkoːfljitsa]; Slovene: Občina Škofljica) is a municipality in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Škofljica. It lies just south of the capital Ljubljana in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Sohn Kyung-han
Sohn Kyung-han (born 22 March 1951) is a defence attorney and law professor based in Seoul, South Korea. Sohn is a specialist in intellectual property law, international trade law, technology law, information society law, sports law, entertainment law and international arbitration. Sohn is president of the Korean Intellectual Property Society and the Korea Private International Law Association, and a law professor at Sungkyunkwan University.

Sungkyunkwan University
Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU or Seongdae, Korean: 성균관대학교; Hanja: 成均館大學校) is a private research university with campuses in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea. The institution traces its origins to the historic Sungkyunkwan founded in 1398 in central Seoul. As the foremost educational institution during the Joseon period, it was governed by the great code of the state administration with royal assent. By a resolution of the Progressive Intellectuals and Confucian scholars, it was restructured as a comprehensive university in the mid-20th century, and has since greatly expanded its academic offerings.
Michael Chiarello
Michael Dominic Chiarello (January 26, 1962 – October 6, 2023) was an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, and businessperson, who was known for Italian-influenced California cuisine. He hosted the cooking TV shows Easy Entertaining with Michael Chiarello on Food Network and NapaStyle on Fine Living Network. He was the owner of a tapas restaurant named Coqueta and an Italian restaurant named Bottega and has locations in Napa Valley, California and San Francisco, California. He was a competitor on the fourth season of The Next Iron Chef.

Yountville, California
Yountville (/ˈjɔːntvɪl/ or /ˈjaʊntvɪl/) is an incorporated town in Napa County, in the Wine Country of California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the Bay Area, the population was 3,436 at the 2020 census. Almost a third of the town's population lives at the Veterans Home of California. Yountville is a popular tourist destination, particularly for its wineries and its famed Michelin-starred restaurant, The French Laundry.
Butterfly coquette
The butterfly coquette (Lophornis verreauxii) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

Lesbiini
Lesbiini is one of the two tribes that make up the subfamily Lesbiinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other tribe is Heliantheini (brilliants).

The informal name "coquettes" has been proposed for this group as the largest genus, Lophornis, has 11 species with "coquette" in their common name.

The tribe contains 67 species divided into 18 genera.
Spyros Peristeris
Spyros Peristeris
(Greek: Σπύρος Περιστέρης; 1900 – 15 March 1966) was a Greek rebetiko composer and a mandolin and bouzouki player.

He was born in 1900 in Smyrna in the Ottoman Empire, to Aristides, a musician, and Despina (née Bekou). Around 1914, his family moved to Constantinople; after the burning of Smyrna in 1922, Peristeris moved to Athens, Greece.

While in Athens, he became the artistic director of Odeon-Parlophone in Athens. He died in 1966 in Athens.

Odeon Records
Odeon Records is a record label founded in 1903 by Max Straus and Heinrich Zuntz of the International Talking Machine Company in Berlin, Germany. The label's name and logo come from the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe in Paris.
2016 Dubai World Cup
The 2016 Dubai World Cup was a horse race held at Meydan Racecourse on Saturday 26 March 2016. It was the 21st running of the Dubai World Cup. It was the second running of the race since the synthetic Tapeta surface was replaced by a dirt track.

The winner was California Chrome LLC's California Chrome, a five-year-old chestnut horse trained in the United States by Art Sherman and ridden by Victor Espinoza. California Chrome's victory was the first in the race for his jockey, trainer and owner.

Victor Espinoza
Victor Espinoza (born May 23, 1972) is a Mexican jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who won the Triple Crown in 2015 on American Pharoah. He began riding in his native Mexico and went on to compete at racetracks in California. He has won the Kentucky Derby three times, riding War Emblem in 2002, California Chrome in 2014, and American Pharoah in 2015. He also won the Preakness Stakes three times, in those same years and with the same horses. He was the first jockey in history to enter the Belmont Stakes with a third opportunity to win the Triple Crown; his 2015 victory made him the oldest jockey and first Hispanic jockey to accomplish the feat. He joined Ron Turcotte as the only jockeys to win five of the six jewels of the Triple Crown spread over two consecutive years.
Chawkbazar Thana
Chawkbazar (Bengali: চকবাজার) is a thana under the Chattogram District in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh. It is one of the busiest places of Chattogram. It is also called the place of coaching centre.

Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগ), officially Chattogram Division, is geographically the largest of the eight administrative Divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the southeasternmost areas of the country, with a total area of 34,529.97 km2 (13,332.10 sq mi) and a population according to the 2022 census of 33,202,326, which made it the second most populous division of Bangladesh and the 45th most populous subnational entity in the world — more populous than all but 43 other countries.
Chittagong Division is home to Cox's Bazar, the longest natural sea beach in the world; as well as St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh's sole coral reef.