hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antonio González, 1st Marquis of Valdeterrazo
Don Antonio González y González, 1st Marquis of Valdeterrazo (January 5, 1792 in Valencia del Mombuey, Spain – November 30, 1876 in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish politician, diplomat and lawyer who served two times as Prime Minister of Spain in the reign of Isabella II, and was also President of the Congress of Deputies. He was also the senator for Huelva from 1837 to 1839, then senator for life from 1847 to 1868, and finally senator for Almeria during 1876.

Senator for life
A senator for life is a member of the senate or equivalent upper chamber of a legislature who has life tenure. As of 2023, five Italian senators out of 205, one Congolese senator out of 109, and all members of the British House of Lords (apart from the 26 Lords Spiritual who are expected to retire at the age of 70) have lifetime tenure (although Lords can choose to resign or retire or can be expelled in cases of misconduct). Several South American countries once granted lifetime membership to former presidents but have since abolished the practice.
Women's oversized fashion in the United States since the 1920s
Oversized fashion, distinct from plus-sized fashion, consists of clothing and other accessories that are larger than normal and reflect some sort of attitude, message, or trend of the period at hand. While oversized fashion trends from the 1920s to the turn of the century vary from decade to decade, there are many overarching themes that have been expressed during the past one hundred or so years. Masculinity, for example, has played a large role in many of the underlying communications of the fashions, although virility is manifested differently in the clothing depending on the era. Oversized fashion production, furthermore, runs largely parallel with the states of the American and global economies. Modernly, oversized fashion has taken on a new form - primarily in the realm of oversized accessories.

Economic history of the United States
The economic history of the United States spans the colonial era through the 21st century. The initial settlements depended on agriculture and hunting/trapping, later adding international trade, manufacturing, and finally, services, to the point where agriculture represented less than 2% of GDP. Until the end of the Civil War, slavery was a significant factor in the agricultural economy of the southern states, and the South entered the second industrial revolution more slowly than the North. The US has been one of the world's largest economies since the McKinley administration.
Ruby M. Rouss
Ruby M. Rouss (3 December 1921 – 8 May 1988) was an American citizen born on Saint Croix in the US Virgin Islands. Her career was marked by a series of firsts. She was the first Virgin Islander in the Women's Army Corps (WAC), first African-American woman to serve on General Eisenhower’s staff, and first black woman assigned as a permanent staff of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. After a 20-year military career, she retired from service and became the first woman parole officer in St. Croix. In 1973, she was elected as one of the first women to serve in the Virgin Island's legislature. In 1981, Rouss served as the first female President of the Virgin Islands Legislature, becoming the first black woman to lead a legislature in the United States. She was elected to serve a second presidency of the Senate in 1987 and died the following year. Posthumously, she was inducted into the Virgin Island's Women's Hall of Fame and a housing project in St. Croix was renamed in her honor.

Women's Army Corps
The Women's Army Corps (WAC; /wæk/) was the women's branch of the United States Army. It was created as an auxiliary unit, the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), on 15 May 1942, and converted to an active duty status in the Army of the United States as the WAC on 1 July 1943. Its first director was Colonel Oveta Culp Hobby. The WAC was disbanded on 20 October 1978, and all WAC units were integrated with male units.
J. W. Shattuck
J. W. Shattuck was a state legislator in Mississippi. He represented Wilkinson County, Mississippi in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1874 to 1877.

He published a newspaper.

He and Samuel Riley represented Wilkinson County in the Mississippi House in 1874 while George W. White represented the county in the state senate.

Wilkinson County, Mississippi
Wilkinson County is a county located in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of 2020, its population was 8,587. Its county seat is Woodville. Bordered by the Mississippi River on the west, the county is named for James Wilkinson, a Revolutionary War military leader and first governor of the Louisiana Territory after its acquisition by the United States in 1803.
Bié Plateau
The Bié Plateau or Central Plateau of Angola is a plateau that occupies most of central Angola. The elevation of the plateau is from 1,520 m (4,990 ft) to 1,824.8956 m (5,987.190 ft).

Five major rivers have their headwaters or significant tributaries on the plateau: the Cunene, Cuanza, Okavango, Zambezi, and Congo rivers. It has relatively fertile soil and high rainfall, compared to the coastal region of Angola to its west. Its climate is cool and has enough rainfall to allow for the cultivation of coffee, corn, rice, sisal, sugarcane, and peanuts. Along the more elevated parts, more rain falls, but it gradually declines further within. About half of the rural population of Angola reside on the Bié plateau. The Benguela Railway connects it to the ocean and its principal towns are Huambo and Kuito.

Historically, the plateau was deeply affected by slavery, with estimates of as much as half the local population being enslaved in the mid-1800s.

Cuíto
12°23′S 16°56′E﻿ / ﻿12.383°S 16.933°E﻿ / -12.383; 16.933

Cuíto, formerly known as Silva Porto, is a city and municipality in central Angola, capital of Bié Province. The municipality had a population of 450,881 in 2014. The city is projected to be the tenth fastest growing city on the African continent between 2020 and 2025, with a 5.56% growth rate.
Siemens Venture
Siemens Venture is a type of locomotive-hauled passenger railroad car built by Siemens Mobility for the North American market. The cars are derived from the Siemens Viaggio Comfort cars used in Europe, with adaptations for North American operations. The cars entered service with Brightline in 2018 and with Amtrak Midwest (services funded by Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, and Wisconsin) in 2022. They have also been ordered by Amtrak for national and other state-supported routes (including those in California, Washington, Oregon, New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maine, Virginia, North Carolina, and Vermont), Via Rail, and Ontario Northland. The Venture cars will also be used on Amtrak’s Airo trainsets.

Twin unit
A twin unit, twinset, or double unit is a set of two railroad cars or locomotives which are permanently coupled and treated as if they were a single unit. A twinset of cars or coaches can also be called a twin car. In US passenger railroad parlance, twin units are also known as married pairs.

On passenger railroads, light rail, and monorail services, married pairs may have machinery necessary for full operation of the cars split between them. Items that are typically shared include transformers, motor controllers, dynamic braking grids, cabs, current collectors, batteries, and air compressors.  This provides significant savings in both cost of equipment and weight, which increases performance and decreases energy consumption. The cost of operating such a pair may be slightly higher when the extra car in such a pair is not needed to meet level-of-service demands at a particular time.
Hygromia cinctella
Hygromia cinctella, known commonly as the girdled snail, is a small European species of air-breathing land snail, belonging to the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk subfamily Hygromiinae  of the family Hygromiidae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and was described by the French macacolgist Jacques Draparnaud in 1801.  It is now found in central and northern Europe.

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
Baharistan-i-shahi
Baharistan-i-shahi (Nastaliq:بہارستان شاہی), meaning Spring Garden of Royalty, is a chronicle of medieval Kashmir. The Persian manuscript was written by an anonymous author, presumably in 1614.

It details the political and social history of Kashmir, particularly focusing on the Sultanate period of Kashmir and Mughal rule.

The work was translated into English by Kashinath Pandit, a former director at the Center of Central Asian Studies at the University of Kashmir.

University of Kashmir
University of Kashmir (UoK), informally known as Kashmir University (KU), is a public state university located in the Hazratbal neighbourhood, on the western side of Dal Lake in the city of Srinagar, in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which was established in 1948.

The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in the fields of liberal arts, business, commerce & management studies, education, law, applied sciences & Technology, biological sciences, physical & material sciences, social sciences, medicine, dentistry, engineering, oriental learning, and music & fine arts. It was awarded Grade "A++" by the NAAC in June 2025. It was awarded rank 34 among universities in India by NIRF ranking 2025.
Ramrajatala
Ramrajatala is a neighbourhood in Howrah of Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Ramrajatala is under the jurisdiction of Chatterjeehat Police Station, Dasnagar Police Station and Jagacha Police Station of Howrah City Police.

Kona Expressway
Kona Expressway (part of NH12) is a 7.2-kilometre-long (4.5 mi) limited access expressway in West Bengal, India. It consists of a 6 laned elevated expressway corridor (under construction as of 2025) and 4-6 laned at-grade cum service road. The road acts as important link to Kolkata connecting National Highway 16 near Nibra to Vidyasagar Setu near Shibpur via Santragachi. It is one of the most important entries to Kolkata. As of November 2022, the road carries more 70,000 vehicles per day.
Gagea pusilla
Gagea pusilla is a Eurasian plant species  in the lily family. It is native to Italy, Greece, the Balkans, Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia (European Russia, North Caucasus, West Siberia Krai), and Kazakhstan.

Gagea pusilla is a bulb-forming perennial herb. Its flowers are yellow.

West Siberian Krai
West Siberian Krai (Russian: Западно-Сибирский край, Zapadno-Sibirsky Krai) was an early krai of the Russian SFSR, created after the split of the Siberian Krai in 1930. By the 1937 All-Union Census, it had population of 6,433,527.

Krai's center was the Novosibirsk city.
Petra Lammert
Petra Lammert (born 3 March 1984) is a German former shot putter and current bobsledder. She was the 2009 European Indoor champion in the shot put and medallist at the 2006 European Athletics Championships. Her personal best throw in the shot put is 20.04 metres, achieved in May 2007 in Zeven. She was the runner-up in the two-woman bobsled at the 2012 World Championships.

Zeven
Zeven (German pronunciation: [ˈtseːvn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It has a population of around 14,000. The nearest large towns are Bremerhaven, Bremen and Hamburg. It is situated approximately 22 km northwest of Rotenburg, and 40 km northeast of Bremen. Zeven is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Zeven.
Tulipa (Portuguese footballer)
Manuel Jorge da Silva Cruz (born 16 October 1972), known as Tulipa, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder, currently manager of Armenian Premier League club Ararat-Armenia.

He totalled 183 games and 25 goals in the Primeira Liga, for Paços de Ferreira, Salgueiros (three spells), Belenenses, Boavista, Marítimo and Farense. Abroad, he played in La Liga for Salamanca.

Tulipa began working as a manager in 2005, leading Trofense and Vizela in the top flight.

S.C. Salgueiros
Sport Comércio e Salgueiros (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈpɔɾ kuˈmɛɾsi.u i salˈɣɐjɾuʃ]), commonly known as simply Salgueiros, is a Portuguese multi-sports club from the city of Porto, in the northern region of the country. Its most well-known department is its football department but the multi-sports club has also departments for other sports, such as American football, athletics, baseball, and esports.

Founded on 8 December 1911, in the parish of Paranhos, its main men's football team plays in the Campeonato de Portugal, which is the fourth tier of Portuguese football. Although they are based in Paranhos, they currently play their home matches at the neighboring parish of Campanhã's Complexo Desportivo de Campanhã which can accommodate 1,000 spectators.

The football department has a B reserve team, called S.C. Salgueiros B, which plays in lower leagues.
Karasovo, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast
Karasovo (Russian: Карасово) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Parfyonovskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 250 as of 2002.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Belver Dam
Belver Dam (Portuguese: Barragem de Belver) is a concrete gravity dam on the Tagus, where the river forms the border line between the Portuguese districts of Portalegre and Santarém. It is located in the municipality Gavião, in Portalegre District.

Construction of the dam began in 1945. The dam was completed in 1952. It is owned by HIDROTEJO.

Santarém District
The District of Santarém (Portuguese: Distrito de Santarém [sɐ̃tɐˈɾɐ̃j] ⓘ) is a district of Portugal, located in Portugal's West and Tagus Valley region. The district capital is the city of Santarém.

The district is the 3rd largest in Portugal, with an area of 6,747 km2 (2,605 sq mi), and a population of 475,344 inhabitants, giving it a population density of 70 people per sq. kilometer (180 people per sq. mile).
Long Meiyi
Long Meiyi (Chinese: 龙美伊) is a woman from Guizhou province in China who alleged she was raped by mining magnate Zhou Shili. Long's allegations made domestic and international headlines after she and her parents began appealing to Beijing for justice and complaining of corruption in the courts. A significant factor in the case's popularity is that Long's mother and stepfather are government officials in China, who have generally found themselves on the other side of the politicised legal system that she now claims is obstructing the justice she seeks.

Long's case caused a sensation in the Chinese blogosphere as it was revealed that her stepfather, Tian Wancang, was responsible for Liupanshui's "stability preservation" efforts, which means that in addition to police and other security groups, he ran the letters and complaints system that is supposed to provide an avenue for disgruntled citizens while simultaneously focusing on gathering intelligence about those citizens.

Blogosphere
The blogosphere is made up of all blogs and their interconnections. The term implies that blogs exist together as a connected community (or as a collection of connected communities) or as a social networking service in which everyday authors can publish their opinions and views.
2010 Women's Six Nations Championship
The 2010 Women's Six Nations Championship, also known as the 2010 RBS Women's 6 Nations due to the tournament's sponsorship by the Royal Bank of Scotland, was the ninth series of the Women's Six Nations Championship, an annual women's rugby union competition between six European rugby union national teams. The tournament was held between 5 February and 21 March 2010; the same weekends as the men's tournament was being played.

The championship was contested by England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England won the tournament, achieving a final 11–10 victory over France to win the Grand Slam, and their fifth title in a row.

Wales women's national rugby union team
The Wales women's national rugby union team first played in 1987. Wales plays in the Women's Rugby World Cup and the Women's Six Nations Championship. Their current head coach, as of January 2025, is Sean Lynn.
Oplismenus undulatifolius
Oplismenus undulatifolius, commonly known as wavyleaf basketgrass, is a species of perennial grass from the family Poaceae that is native to Eurasia, specifically Southern Europe through Southern Asia. Due to its invasive nature, it can be found in countries such as Pakistan (Punjab & Kashmir), China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, South Africa, and has since been introduced to the Mid-Atlantic United States. There are no recognized subspecies in Catalogue of Life.

Spikelet
A spikelet, in botany, describes the typical  arrangement of the inflorescences of grasses, sedges and some other monocots.

Each spikelet has one or more florets.: 12  The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes. The part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla.: 13
Chak 1/M Kot Qadir
Chak 1/M Kot Qadir (Punjabi,Urdu: چک M/1 کوٹ قادر) is a village located in Tehsil Mailsi, Vehari District of Punjab province, Pakistan. Kot Qadir is located 18 km from Mailsi Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of the district. It is located 915 kilometres (569 mi) away from Karachi, 346 kilometres (215 mi) away from Lahore, 258 kilometres (160 mi) away from Faisalabad, 84 kilometres (52 mi) away from Multan, 42 kilometres (26 mi) away from district capital Vehari. It is located at 29°48'1N 72°10'33E at an altitude of 126 m (416 ft).

Vehari
Vehari, also spelled Vihari, is a city and the headquarters of Vehari District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 62nd largest city. Vehari is about 100 km (62 mi) from the historical city of Multan. Vehari is located at the Multan-Delhi Road constructed by Emperor Sher Shah Suri. It is at an altitude of 135 m (443 ft).
2006 Haarlem Baseball Week
The 2006 Haarlem Baseball Week was an international baseball competition held at the Pim Mulier Stadium in Haarlem, the Netherlands from July 21 to 30, 2006. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and featured teams from China, Chinese Taipei, Cuba, Japan, Netherlands and United States.

Most countries did not send their top players to the tournament. The U.S. team was made up of college players from the Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges. Japan's team includes players from its non-professional Industrial League. Cuba sent its reserve squad, due to the Central American and Caribbean Games occurring at the same time. However, most of China's players from the 2006 World Baseball Classic competed in the tournament.

The Netherlands won their second straight title and swept all the individual awards.

Northwest Athletic Conference
The Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC), formerly the Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges (NWAACC), is a non-profit two-year college conference for community colleges in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington, along with the Canadian province of British Columbia.

The NWAC, now with 37 members, is the largest community college conference in the United States. It is not affiliated with the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), but acknowledges on the NWAC website athletes representing conference schools in the NJCAA wrestling tournament.
Viscount del Castillo de Almansa
The Viscount del Castillo de Almansa is a Spanish hereditary title of nobility created by Carlos III on 3 December 1773 for Miguel de Almansa y Uriarte. The title is currently held by José Fernando de Almansa y Moreno-Barreda, 10th Viscount of Castillo de Almansa and Grandee of Spain. The Viscount of Almansa has royal Muslim Granadian ancestry.

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
Serials Solutions
Serials Solutions was a division of ProQuest that provided e-resource access and management services (ERAMS) to libraries. These products enabled librarians to more easily manage electronic resources that serve the needs of their users. Serials Solutions became part of ProQuest Workflow Solutions in 2011 and the "Serials Solutions" name was retired in 2014. In 2015, Proquest acquired Ex Libris Group, a library automation company with many similar products to those of ProQuest Workflow Solutions. The Workflow Solutions division was to be merged with Ex Libris into a new business group called "Ex Libris, a ProQuest Company".

Fremont, Seattle
Fremont is a neighborhood in northern Seattle, Washington, United States. Originally a separate city, it was annexed to Seattle in 1891. It is named after Fremont, Nebraska, the hometown of two of its founders: Luther H. Griffith and Edward Blewett.
Mildred Independent School District
Mildred Independent School District is a public school district based in Mildred, Texas (USA) and located in southeastern Navarro County, Texas.  The district has a Corsicana address since there is not a post office in Mildred.  In addition to Mildred, the district serves the cities of Eureka and Navarro.

Navarro County, Texas
Navarro County (/nəˈværoʊ/ nə-VARR-oh) is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,624. Its county seat is Corsicana. The county is named for José Antonio Navarro, a Tejano leader in the Texas Revolution who signed the Texas Declaration of Independence.

Navarro County comprises the Corsicana micropolitan statistical area, which is also part of the Dallas-Fort Worth, TX combined statistical area.