hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joshua W. Hathaway
Joshua Warren Hathaway (November 10, 1797 – June 6, 1862), was a justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court from May 11, 1852, to May 10, 1859.

Born in the Colony of New Brunswick, Hathaway graduated from Bowdoin College in 1820 and read law to be admitted to the bar in 1824. He resided in Bangor, Maine, and represented Hancock County, Maine in the Maine Senate for a short time, before he was appointed judge of District Court in 1848. He served in that capacity until 1852, when he was appointed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court by Governor John Hubbard.

Hathaway died at his home in Bangor, Maine, at the age of 64.

Bowdoin College
Bowdoin College (/ˈboʊdɪn/ ⓘ BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine, United States. It was chartered in 1794.

In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy.

The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates College and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who claimed to have led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.
Jane Joritz-Nakagawa
Jane Joritz-Nakagawa (中川ジェーン), born in 1960, is an avant-garde, expatriate American poet and essayist who resides in Japan. She is the author of volumes of poetry, poetry chapbooks, and a poetry broadside. Her poems have appeared in print and online journals and anthologies published in Japan, the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and a number of other countries. Her work is archived in the University of Chicago library's special collection of poetry from Japan.

Her work has been linked to ecopoetics, feminism., and she has a long-standing interest in disability poetics.

Broadside (printing)
A broadside is a large sheet of paper printed on one side only. Historically in Europe, broadsides were used as posters, announcing events or proclamations, giving political views, commentary in the form of ballads, or simply advertisements. In Japan, chromoxylographic broadsheets featuring artistic prints were common.
Yokkaichi asthma
Yokkaichi asthma (四日市ぜんそく, Yokkaichi zensoku) refers to cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and bronchial asthma in humans and various environmental changes usually attributed to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions which appeared as smog over the city of Yokkaichi in Mie Prefecture, Japan between 1960 and 1972, though other SOx compounds have been proposed. The generally accepted source of the sulfur oxide pollution was the Yokkaichi Kombinato petrochemical processing facilities and refineries built in Yokkaichi between 1959 and 1972 which did not properly desulfurize the high sulfur content in its crude oil. Yokkaichi asthma is considered one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan and was the subject of Japan's first court case related to pollution.

Flue-gas desulfurization
Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration, petroleum refineries, cement and lime kilns.
Boiceville station
Boiceville Railroad Station was built by the Ulster and Delaware Railroad to serve the community of Boiceville, New York. Located at MP 21.3, Boiceville was the westernmost depot to be removed as a result of the construction of the Ashokan Reservoir. Although the community of Boiceville was submerged, the station site remains above the reservoir level, at a point just west of where the old railroad right of way slips under the waters of the reservoir, and just east of where it diverges from the new line.

In total, 12 miles of railroad were relocated away from the Ashokan Reservoir in 1913. The station stop was replaced by the new Cold Brook station.

Ashokan Reservoir
The Ashokan Reservoir (/əˈʃoʊkæn/; Iroquois for "place of fish") is a reservoir in the New York City water supply system in Ulster County, New York. It receives the waters of Schoharie Reservoir, and together they provide the flow of the Catskill Aqueduct, which mixes with water from the Delaware Aqueduct at the Kensico Reservoir in Westchester County, New York, and after settling continues into the Hillview Reservoir in Yonkers for distribution in New York City.

Ashokan Reservoir lies is at the eastern end of the Catskill Park, and at 190 feet (58 m) near the dam at the former site of Bishop Falls is the New York City system's deepest reservoir.
Chilia Veche
Chilia Veche (Romanian pronunciation: /kiˈlija ˈveˈke/; meaning Old Chilia) is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania, in the Danube Delta. It gave its name to the Chilia branch of the Danube, which separates it from Ukraine. It is composed of four villages: Câșlița, Chilia Veche, Ostrovu Tătaru and Tatanir.

Founded by the Greek Byzantines, it was given its name after the word for "granaries" - κελλίa, kellia, recorded earliest in 1241 in the works of Persian chronicler Rashid al-Din. Some scholars consider the mediaeval Genoese trade centre known as Lycostomo (Λυκόστομο) was also located here. A town on the other side of the Danube, now in Ukraine, known as Nova Kiliia (Romanian: Chilia Nouă) or "New Chilia", was built by Stephen the Great of Moldavia in order to counteract the Ottoman Empire (that had taken control of the former town in the 15th century).

Ostrovu Tătaru village, which has no permanent population, is located on Tătaru Mare Island.

Northern Dobruja
Northern Dobruja (Romanian: Dobrogea de Nord or simply Dobrogea; Bulgarian: Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria.
Jane and Finch
Jane and Finch is a neighbourhood located in the northwest end of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the district of North York. Centred at the intersection of Jane Street and Finch Avenue West, the area is roughly bounded by Highway 400 to the west, Black Creek to the east, Sheppard Avenue to the south, and Steeles Avenue to the north. Two city neighbourhoods cover the area commonly known as Jane and Finch. From Finch north to Steeles is considered part of the Black Creek community while from Finch south to Sheppard is called Glenfield-Jane Heights.

The Jane and Finch community is a high density and low-income neighbourhood. It is made up of single-family detached and semi-detached houses, along with several high-rise apartment buildings, with a mix of residential and commercial developments.

Indian Canadians
Indian Canadians (or Indo-Canadians) are Canadians who have ancestry from India. The term East Indian is sometimes used to avoid confusion with Indigenous groups. Categorically, Indian Canadians comprise a subgroup of South Asian Canadians which is a further subgroup of Asian Canadians. As of the 2021 census, Indians are the largest non-European ethnic group in the country and form the fastest growing national origin in Canada.

Canada contains the world's ninth-largest Indian diaspora. The highest concentrations of Indian Canadians are found in Ontario and British Columbia, followed by growing communities in Alberta and Quebec as well, with the majority of them being foreign-born.
Nocardiopsis aegyptia
Nocardiopsis aegyptia  is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Abu Qir Bay from Alexandria in Egypt. Nocardiopsis aegyptia can degrade poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB).

Polyhydroxybutyrate
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are of interest as bio-derived and biodegradable plastics. The poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) form of PHB is probably the most common type of polyhydroxyalkanoate, but other polymers of this class are produced by a variety of organisms: these include poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), polyhydroxyhexanoate (PHH), polyhydroxyoctanoate (PHO) and their copolymers.
KIQI
KIQI (1010 AM) is a commercial radio station in San Francisco, California. It is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting and airs a Spanish-language talk radio format.  KIQI 1010 AM is simulcast on KATD 990 AM in the Sacramento Valley. Most shows are paid brokered programming where the hosts purchase time on the station and may advertise their companies and services.  KIQI and KATD carry Oakland Athletics baseball games in Spanish.  The station's studios and offices are located near the Civic Center in San Francisco.

1010 AM is a Canadian clear-channel frequency, on which CFRB Toronto and CBR Calgary are the Class A dominant stations.  KIQI broadcasts at 10,000 watts but must use a directional antenna at all times to protect those and other stations on 1010 AM.  The transmitter is at the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge toll plaza in Oakland.

Civic Center, San Francisco
The Civic Center in San Francisco, California, United States is an area located a few blocks north of the intersection of Market Street and Van Ness Avenue that contains many of the city's largest government and cultural institutions. It has two large plazas (Civic Center Plaza and United Nations Plaza) and a number of buildings in classical architectural style. The Bill Graham Civic Auditorium (formerly the Exposition Auditorium), the United Nations Charter was signed in the Veterans Building's Herbst Theatre in 1945, leading to the creation of the United Nations. It is also where the 1951 Treaty of San Francisco (the peace treaty that officially ended the Pacific War with the Empire of Japan, which had surrendered in 1945) was signed. The San Francisco Civic Center was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987 and listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1978.
Lee Priester
Lee Bryan Priester, Jr. (April 15, 1903 – June 11, 1988) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in Monroe, Louisiana and died in Meridian, Mississippi. In 1924, he was eliminated in the qualification of the javelin throw competition and finished eleventh overall.

Monroe, Louisiana
Monroe is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the parish seat and largest city of Ouachita Parish. With a 2020 census-tabulated population of 47,702, it is the principal city of the Monroe metropolitan statistical area, the second-largest metropolitan area in North Louisiana.
Rider (2021 film)
Rider is a 2021 Indian Kannada-language romantic-action film directed by Vijay Kumar Konda and produced by Sunil Gowda. The film stars Nikhil Gowda and Kashmira Pardeshi in lead roles.  Anusha Rai, Dattanna, Achyuth Kumar and Chikkanna in supporting roles. The film was dubbed in Telugu under the same name.

Achyuth Kumar
Achyuth Kumar is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Kannada cinema, alongside a few Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. He is known for his performances in the KGF, Kantara, Sidlingu, and Lucia. He is the recipient of three Filmfare Awards and two Karnataka State Film Awards, one each in Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor categories.
Kalika, Kaski
Kalika is a town and Village Development Committee  in Kaski District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,688 persons living in 949 individual households.

The Thulakot and Chitrakot hills are the historically important places of Kalika VDC.  Kalika Temple in Kalikasthan was established by Raj Shah in the 15th century.

Gandaki Zone
Gandaki zone (Nepali: गण्डकी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the Western Development Region.  It was named Sapta Gandaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki, and Daraundi) that make up the Gandaki River. Pokhara served as its regional and zonal headquarter. It was also the birthplace of Bhanubhakta Acharya, first poet of Nepal.

The Gandaki Zone was home to multiple cultures which are unique in themselves. Some, like the Magar and Gurung, have attained fame much like the Gurkha people.
Ewa Bandrowska-Turska
Ewa Bandrowska-Turska (20 May 1894 – 25 June 1979) was a Polish coloratura soprano and music educator. Her repertoire ranged from early music to early 20th-century classical music. She toured both throughout Europe and the United States and she was awarded multiple cultural prizes including the Officer's Cross of the Order of Rebirth of Poland and the Polish National Prize, First Class.

Coloratura soprano
A coloratura soprano (Italian: soprano di coloratura) is a type of operatic soprano voice that specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs, leaps and trills.

The term coloratura refers to the elaborate ornamentation of a melody, which is a typical component of the music written for this voice. Within the coloratura category, there are roles written specifically for lighter voices known as lyric coloraturas and others for larger voices known as dramatic coloraturas. Categories within a certain vocal range are determined by the size, weight and color of the voice. Coloratura is particularly found in vocal music and especially in operatic singing of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Robert Watson (harbourmaster)
Robert Watson  (c. 1756–November 1, 1819) was a British sailor who arrived in Australia with the First Fleet as quartermaster of the ship Sirius.

Robert Watson was born in Northumberland.

In 1801 Watson was granted land at South Head in Sydney Harbour, in what is now known as Watsons Bay. In 1929, a seat to commemorate Watson was erected in Robertson Park with an inaccurate inscription, reading "To commemorate Robert Watson after whom this Bay is named Quartermaster of H.M.S. Sirius 1786-1790 Signal-Man South Head 1791-1811 Pilot and Harbour Master 1811-1816 Superintendent of Macquarie Lighthouse 1818 Died 1st November 1819".

There is no record of Watson's wife, but while in Sydney, Watson had two sons and a daughter with her. Watson requested leave due to an illness in October 1819, and died on November 1, 1819, at his home. He was buried in the Sandhills Cemetery, but his remains were later moved to La Perouse in 1901.

HMS Sirius (1786)
HMS Sirius was a 10-gun sloop-of-war of the Royal Navy, launched in 1781 as the merchant ship Berwick. She was the flagship of the First Fleet, which sailed from Portsmouth, England, in 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales, Australia. Sirius played a critical role in supplying and protecting the fledgling colony, including transporting essential provisions from the Cape of Good Hope. On 19 March 1790, she was wrecked on a reef at Norfolk Island while landing supplies, leaving the colony with only a single naval vessel. Her wreck site and surviving artefacts are now protected as part of Australia’s maritime heritage.
Silvertip Mountain
Silvertip Mountain is a 2,596 m (8,517 ft) summit in the Canadian Cascades south of Hope, British Columbia. It lies on the northern boundary of Skagit Valley Provincial Park. With a prominence of 1,871 m (6,138 ft), it is one of the fifty most prominent peaks in Canada. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted on December 2, 1948, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The peak was first climbed in 1908 by a Boundary Survey party.

Geographical Names Board of Canada
The Geographical Names Board of Canada (GNBC) is a national committee with a secretariat in Natural Resources Canada, part of the Government of Canada, which authorizes the names used and name changes on official federal government maps of Canada.
MMTG (YouTube series)
MMTG (Korean: 문명특급) is a South Korean web variety series produced by SBS Mobidic and hosted by Jaejae .The program, aired since 2018, features interviews with K-pop idols, actors, and public figures, along with themed segments such as "Civilization Express Rediscovery" that revisit past pop culture content. Since its launch, the show has contributed to the resurgence of several songs and trends within Korean popular culture.

Korean idol
An idol (Korean: 아이돌; RR: aidol) is a type of entertainer who works in the field of Korean popular music (K-pop), either as a member of a group or as a solo act. They typically work for an entertainment agency that operates a highly managed star system that idols are produced by and debut under. Idols undergo extensive training in dance, vocal performance, and foreign language, and tend to represent a hybridized convergence of visuals, music, and fashion. Idols maintain a carefully curated public image and social media presence, and dedicate significant time and resources to building relationships with fans through concerts and meetups.
James Haworth (politician)
James Haworth (1896 – 16 December 1976) was a British Labour politician.

He was a railwayman living in Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire, and active in the Railway Clerks Association. Refused recognition as a conscientious objector in the First World War, he was in Preston Prison (along with Sydney Silverman), and then went to Princetown Work Centre in the erstwhile Dartmoor Prison.

In the 1945 general election he was elected Member of Parliament for Liverpool Walton.

Haworth failed to return to the House of Commons, standing unsuccessfully for Liverpool Walton in the 1950 general election. He was defeated again standing for Chelmsford in the 1951 general election, and for Bolton West in the 1955 general election.

HM Prison Dartmoor
HM Prison Dartmoor is a Category C men's prison, located in Princetown, high on Dartmoor in the English county of Devon.  Its high granite walls dominate this area of the moor. The prison is owned by the Duchy of Cornwall, and is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

The prison closed temporarily in 2024 for radon mitigation and investigation works.

Dartmoor Prison was given Grade II heritage listing in 1987.
1960–61 Irish Cup
The 1960–61 Irish Cup was the 81st edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knock-out cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Glenavon won the cup for the 3rd time, defeating the holders Linfield 5–1 in the final at Solitude.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2015
The Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2015 was the 77th edition of the Tata Steel Chess Tournament. It was held in Wijk aan Zee (with away days in Rotterdam and The Hague) from 10 to 25 January 2015.

The tournament was won by Magnus Carlsen who finished on 9/13, winning the title for the fourth time.

Wijk aan Zee
Wijk aan Zee (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɛik aːn ˈzeː]; lit. 'Neighborhood at Sea') is a village on the coast of the North Sea in the municipality of Beverwijk, the province of North Holland of the Netherlands. The prestigious Tata Steel Chess Tournament (formerly called the Corus chess tournament or the Hoogovens tournament) takes place there every year.

Due to its seaside location, Wijk aan Zee has become a popular destination among tourists. This is reflected in the village economy, which consists of many bars and hotels.
Rizak Dirshe
Rizak Dirshe (born 5 January 1972 in Somalia) is a Swedish middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 metres and the 1500 metres. He represented the sports clubs Skellefteå AIK, Hälle IF and Malmö AI.

He finished ninth in the 1500 m at the 2006 European Championships. He also competed at the European Championships in 1998 and 2002, the World Indoor Championships in 2001 and 2004 and then World Championships in 2003 and 2005 without reaching the finals. He became Swedish 800 metres champion in 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004.

His personal best time was 1:45.45 minutes, achieved in July 2003 in Cuxhaven. This is the Swedish record. In the 1500 metres he has 3:38.47 minutes from July 2006 in Stockholm, placing him seventh among Swedish 1500 m runners.

2005 World Championships in Athletics
The 10th World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2005, Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 2005), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held in the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki, Finland (6 August 2005 – 14 August 2005), the site of the first IAAF World Championships in 1983. One theme of the 2005 championships was paralympic events, some of which were included as exhibition events. Much of the event was played in extremely heavy rainfall.
Transylvania Pioneers football
The Transylvania Pioneers football team represented Transylvania University. They were formerly known as "Kentucky University" until 1908 (the University of Kentucky was then known as "Kentucky State College"). They have not competed in football since 1941. It last competed as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.

Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) was one of the first collegiate athletic conferences in the United States.  Twenty-seven of the current Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football programs were members of this conference at some point, as were at least 19 other schools. Every member of the current Southeastern Conference except Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, as well as six of the eighteen current members of the Atlantic Coast Conference formerly held membership in the SIAA.
Portrait of Yevgeny Mravinsky
Portrait of Yevgeny Mravinsky is a painting by Russian portrait artist Lev Russov (1926–1987), whose work depicts the famous Russian and Soviet musician Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Mravinsky (1903—1988), principal conductor of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra from 1938–1988.

Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra
The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra (Russian: Симфонический оркестр Санкт-Петербургской филармонии, Symphonic Orchestra of the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia) is a symphony orchestra based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Their home venue is the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia.
2022 Open de Limoges
The 2022 Open BLS de Limoges was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and part of the 2022 WTA 125 tournaments series, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. It took place at the Palais des Sports de Beaublanc in Limoges, France, from 11 to 17 December 2022.

Marine Partaud
Marine Partaud (French pronunciation: [maʁin paʁto]; born 9 November 1994) is a French professional tennis player.

She has career-high WTA rankings of 371 in singles, attained on 18 July 2022, and of 297 in doubles, achieved on 31 October 2022. Partaud has won four singles and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.