hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uprising of Santa Cruz de Mudela
The Uprising of Santa Cruz de Mudela was a popular uprising that took place on 5 June 1808, at the beginning of the Spanish War of Independence, in the town of Santa Cruz de Mudela, Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha. Santa Cruz de Mudela is on the main road from Madrid to Andalusia.

A detachment of 400 French troops stationed in the village of Santa Cruz de Mudela were attacked by the population. In the uprising, 109 French soldiers were killed and 113 others taken prisoner, while the rest fled back in the direction of Madrid, to Valdepeñas, where, the next day, there would be another famous popular uprising against the French Army.

The guerrilla actions at Santa Cruz and Valdepeñas, together with more isolated actions in the Sierra Morena itself, effectively cut French military communications between Madrid and Andalusia for around a month.

Sierra Morena
The Sierra Morena is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. It stretches for 450 kilometres from east to west across the south of the Iberian Peninsula, forming the southern border of the Meseta Central plateau and providing the watershed between the valleys of the Guadiana to the north and the west, and the Guadalquivir to the south.

Its highest summit is the 1,332 m high Bañuela. Other notable peaks are Corral de Borros 1,312 m and Cerro de la Estrella 1,298 m.

The name Sierra Morena has a strong legendary reputation in Spanish culture and tradition, with myths about bandits (Los bandidos de Sierra Morena), a giant snake (El Saetón de Sierra Morena) and a child brought up by wolves (Marcos Rodríguez Pantoja), among others. This range is also mentioned in the famous Mexican song "Cielito Lindo" and in one of the most well known traditional Spanish songs, "Soy Minero", interpreted by Antonio Molina.
Calixto Bravo Villaso
Calixto Bravo Villaso (1790 in Chilpancingo, Guerrero – April 5, 1878 in Mexico City) was a Mexican colonel, he was a cousin of Nicolás Bravo. Bravo served in the Mexican Army during the Mexican War of Independence with José María Morelos. In 1821, he was fighting in the state of Veracruz and in 1846, in the Mexican–American War. He heroically defended the city of Laredo against the United States Army (led by Zachary Taylor), with a small company of only 48 men...

He died in 1878 as the last survivor from the Mexican War of Independence. His remains were interred on April 7, 1878 at the Rotunda of Illustrious Persons.

Mexican Army
The Mexican Army (Spanish: Ejército Mexicano), also known as the National Defense Army, is the combined land and air branch of the Mexican Armed Forces. It includes the Mexican Air Force, the Special Forces Body, and the National Guard.

With an active-duty force of 261,773 servicemembers (as of 2024), the Army is the largest component of the Mexican Armed Forces and among the largest armies in the world. It is under the authority of the Secretariat of National Defense (Spanish: Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, SEDENA) and is headed by the Secretary of National Defence, who is directly answerable to the President.

The Mexican Army was the first to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle.
Tifereth Beth David Jerusalem
Tifereth Beth David Jerusalem (Hebrew: ק״ק תפארת בית דוד ירושלים‬), also known as the Baily Shul, is a Modern Orthodox congregation and synagogue in Côte Saint-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The congregation was established in 1965 with the merger of Congregations Beth David and Tifereth Jerusalem, founded in 1886 and 1904, respectively. The congregation worships in the Ashkenazi rite.

Modern Orthodox Judaism
Modern Orthodox Judaism (also Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize Jewish values and the observance of Jewish law with the modern world.

Modern Orthodoxy draws on several teachings and philosophies, and thus assumes various forms. In the United States, and generally in the Western world, Centrist Orthodoxy underpinned by the philosophy of Torah Umadda ("Torah and secular knowledge") is prevalent. In Israel, Modern Orthodoxy is dominated by Religious Zionism; however, although not identical, these movements share many of the same values and many of the same adherents.
Amuri Plain
The Amuri Plain (also known as the Amuri Basin) is the northernmost extension of New Zealand's Canterbury Plains. It lies between the Waiau Uwha and Hurunui Rivers and is centred on the town of Culverden. Other population centres on the plain include Rotherham. The plains cover approximately 60,000 hectares (150,000 acres).

The southernmost part of the plain, close to the Hurunui River, is heavily planted in exotic trees (the Balmoral Forest); further north the land is pastoral, and is largely used for sheep and dairy farming. Farming was greatly assisted by the construction of a major irrigation scheme which began in 1977. This also led to growth in the population of the service town of Culverden.

Waiau Uwha River
Waiau Uwha River, previously known as the Waiau River, is a river in north Canterbury in the South Island of New Zealand. The Waiau Uwha River rises in the Spenser Mountains and flows eastward to the Pacific Ocean. The Waiau Uwha River has the second largest catchment—3,310 square kilometres (1,280 sq mi)—of North Canterbury's rivers.

In 2018, the name of the river was officially changed from Waiau River to Waiau Uwha River, to reflect its original Māori name, and to distinguish it from the longer Waiau River in the southern South Island.
Pittosporum coriaceum
Pittosporum coriaceum is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is endemic to Macaronesia, and due to extinction in the Canary Islands, it is now restricted to the Portuguese Madeira Islands.

Pittosporum coriaceum is a Critically endangered species due to habitat loss.

Pittosporaceae
Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian realms. The type genus is Pittosporum Banks ex Gaertn.
Watson School of International and Public Affairs
The Watson School of International and Public Affairs, is a school at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Its mission is to promote a just and peaceful world through research, teaching, and public engagement. The school's research focuses on three main areas: development, security, and governance. Its faculty include anthropologists, economists, political scientists, sociologists, and historians, as well as journalists and other practitioners. Economist John Friedman serves as the school's inaugural dean.

Glenn Loury
Glenn Cartman Loury (born September 3, 1948) is an American economist, academic, and author. He is the Merton P. Stoltz Professor of the Social Sciences at Brown University, where he has taught since 2005 also as a professor of economics. At the age of 33, Loury became the first African American professor of economics at Harvard University to gain tenure. Loury achieved some prominence during the Reagan Era as a leading black conservative intellectual. In the mid-1990s, following a period of seclusion, he came to adopt more  progressive views. Loury has somewhat re-aligned with views of the American right, with The New York Times describing his political orientation in 2020 as "conservative-leaning".
Chapel of Saint Petka in Belgrade
The Chapel of Saint Petka (Serbian: Капела Свете Петке, Kapela Svete Petke) in Belgrade is a chapel, erected over a sacred spring, and dedicated to Saint Petka. It is located at a way connecting the upper and the lower city of the Belgrade Fortress, in proximity of the Ružica Church, with the spring being in the very altar of the chapel. The present-day chapel was built in 1937 after a project of the architect Momir Korunović. Its inner walls and vaults are covered by mosaics done by painter Đuro Radlović in 1980–1983.

COBISS
COBISS (short for Co-operative Online Bibliographic System and Services) is an organizational model of joining libraries into a national library information system with shared cataloguing, the COBIB union bibliographic catalogue database and local bibliographic databases of participating libraries, the COLIB database on libraries, the CONOR authority database, and with a number of other functions.
Tim Brown (footballer)
Tim Brown (born 6 March 1981) is a New Zealand former professional footballer and businessman. He is the co-founder of footwear company Allbirds. Brown was one of seven foundation players of the Wellington Phoenix, being signed in 2007 for the club's inaugural season in the A-League. Brown was known for his high work rate as a box-to-box midfielder, often making trademark late runs into the penalty box where he scored most of his goals.

New Zealand men's national football team
The New Zealand men's national football team (Māori: Tīma hoka a-motu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the governing body for football in New Zealand, New Zealand Football (NZF), which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The team's official nickname is the All Whites (Māori: Ōmā [ɔːmaː]).

The team represented New Zealand at the FIFA World Cup tournaments in 1982 and 2010, and are set to appear in the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It also participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup in 1999, 2003, 2009, and 2017. New Zealand is a six-time OFC Nations Cup champion. New Zealand was the only unbeaten country in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, drawing all three group stage games; nevertheless, they were eliminated in the group stage.
Mount Castner
Mount Castner is a 5,535-foot (1,687 m) elevation glaciated summit located 44 mi (71 km) west of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska, on land managed by Chugach National Forest. It is situated at the head of Ranney Glacier and Dartmouth Glacier. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the mountain rises from tidewater at Unakwik Inlet and College Fjord of Prince William Sound in approximately three miles. The mountain's name was applied in 1910 by Lawrence Martin, and officially adopted by the United States Geological Survey. This peak's name honors Joseph Compton Castner (1869–1946), who was with Captain Edwin F. Glenn during the exploration of this area in 1898.

Chugach National Forest
The Chugach National Forest is a 6,908,540-acre (27,958 km2) United States National Forest in south central Alaska. Covering portions of Prince William Sound, the Kenai Peninsula and the Copper River Delta, it was formed in 1907 from part of a larger forest reserve. The Chugach includes extensive shorelines, glaciers, forests and rivers, much of which is untouched by roads or trails. It hosts numerous bird, mammal and marine species, including extensive shorebird habitat and a bald eagle population larger than the contiguous 48 states combined. Human industry in the forest includes extensive tourism and some mining and oil and gas operations.
Rosenthal's reagent
Rosenthal's reagent is a metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complex with zirconium (Cp2Zr) or titanium (Cp2Ti) used as central atom of the metallocene fragment Cp2M. Additional ligands such as pyridine or THF are commonly used as well. With zirconium as central atom and pyridine as ligand (Zirconocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene pyridine), a dark purple to black solid with a melting point of 125–126 °C is obtained. Synthesizing Rosenthal's reagent of a titanocene source yields golden-yellow crystals of the titanocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complex with a melting point of 81–82 °C. This reagent enables the generation of the themselves unstable titanocene and zirconocene under mild conditions.

The reagent is named after the German chemist Uwe Rosenthal (born 1950) and was first synthesized by him and his co-workers in 1995.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Homem
Homem is a surname meaning "man" in Portuguese. Notable people with the surname include:

Diogo Homem (1521–1576), Portuguese cartographer

Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo (born 1974), French musician, record producer, singer, songwriter, DJ, film director and composer

Lopo Homem (c. 1497–c. 1572), Portuguese cartographer

Diogo Homem
Diogo Homem (1521–1576) was a Portuguese cartographer, son of Lopo Homem and member of a family of cartographers.

Condemned for murder, he was exiled to Africa from Portugal in 1545, appearing in England a couple of years later. He subsequently lived in Venice, producing numerous manuscript atlases and charts, many of them of the Mediterranean.

The work of Diogo Homem is of an exceptional graphical quality and beauty, being kept in Italy, Austria, United Kingdom, France, the USA, and Portugal.
4-Butylresorcinol
4-Butylresorcinol, sometimes called 4-n-butylresorcinol, is a chemical used to treat hyperpigmentation of the epidermis.  Hyperpigmentation is believed to be related to the enzyme tyrosinase which produces melanin.  Among several chemicals known to inhibit tyrosinase production, such as hydroquinone, arbutin, and kojic acid, 4-butylresorcinol has been found to be the most powerful inhibitor by IC50, but the mode of inhibition is reversible. 4-Butylresorcinol can be used in the synthesis of tetrahydrocannabutol.

Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation is a condition characterized by the darkening of an area of the skin or nails due to an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This increase in melanin can result from a variety of factors, including sun exposure, inflammation, trauma, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions.

Hyperpigmentation is associated with numerous dermatological disorders and can present in various forms, such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and lentigines. It tends to be more prevalent and persistent in individuals with darker skin tones, who have more active melanocytes and are thus more prone to uneven pigmentation.
Lyodra
Lyodra Margareta Ginting (Indonesian pronunciation: [liˈjodra marɡaˈrɛta ˈɡintɪŋ] ⓘ lee-yoh-drah; born 21 June 2003), known mononymously as Lyodra, is an Indonesian singer and actress. She was the winner of the A3 category at the 2017 Sanremo Junior children's international solo singing competition in Sanremo, Italy, and the winner of the tenth season of Indonesian Idol. In both competitions, Lyodra demonstrated the use of the whistle register. She was listed as the youngest Indonesian Idol champion at the age of 16 years and 256 days. Lyodra was awarded Best Children Female Solo Artist from the 20th Anugerah Musik Indonesia Awards, and Best New Asian Artist in Indonesia from the 2021 Mnet Asian Music Award. In addition, she was nominated for Best Southeast Asian Act at the 2021 MTV Europe Music Awards.

Along with her music career, she has started to explore acting, where she made her debut in the web series, 7 Hari Sebelum 17 Tahun (2021).

Indonesians
Indonesians (Indonesian: Orang Indonesia) are citizens or people who are identified with the country of Indonesia, regardless of their ethnic or religious background. There are more than 1,300 ethnicities in Indonesia, making it a multicultural archipelagic country with a diversity of languages, culture and religious beliefs. The population of Indonesia according to the 2020 national census was 270.2 million. 56% live on the island of Java, the world's most populous island. Around 95% of Indonesians are Native Indonesians (formerly grouped as "Pribumi"), primarily of Austronesian and Melanesian descent, with 40% Javanese  and 15% Sundanese forming the majority, while the other 5% are Indonesians with ancestry from foreign origin, such as Arab Indonesians, Chinese Indonesians, Indian Indonesians, and Indos.
Rahul Thatha
Rahul Thatha (born as Udayabhanu) is an Indian actor and comedian who has predominantly appeared in Tamil-language films in comedy track sequences. He gained spotlight for his acting in Naanum Rowdy Dhaan (2015).

Idhayakkani
Idhayakkani (transl. The Fruit of the Heart) is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by A. Jagannathan and produced by R. M. Veerappan, starring M. G. Ramachandran in the lead role, with Pandari Bai, R. S. Manohar and Radha Saluja among others enacting supporting roles. It was released on 22 August 1975 and became a major success. Idhayakkani was notably the only Indian film to be screened at the Tashkent International Film Festival in 1978.
Demigod (album)
Demigod is the seventh studio album by Polish extreme metal band Behemoth. The album was recorded during May and July in 2004 at the Hendrix Studios and was released in October 2004. Daniel Bergstrand mixed the record at the Dug out Studios in Uppsala, Sweden during July and August in 2004. The record was then mastered at the Cutting Room in Stockholm, Sweden in August 2004.

The track "XUL" included a guest guitar solo by Karl Sanders of Nile.

The track "Before the Æons Came" is an adaptation of a poem by British poet Algernon Charles Swinburne.

The track "Conquer All" was featured as DLC in the rhythm game Rock Band 2, and has continued to be featured in subsequent games.

Along with being Behemoth's breakthrough album, Demigod is now considered a landmark album within the Polish death metal scene, with Decibel Magazine notably including it in their Hall of Fame.

Nile (band)
Nile is an American technical death metal band from Greenville, South Carolina, formed in 1993. The band's current lineup consists of founding guitarist/vocalist Karl Sanders, drummer George Kollias, guitarist/vocalist Brian Kingsland, guitarist/vocalist Zach Jeter, and bassist/vocalist Adam Roethlisberger. The band is known for their dedicated lyrical and musical style, which is inspired by Egyptology and works of H. P. Lovecraft. Since its formation, the band has released ten studio albums, two compilations, three extended plays, two demos, three singles, and five music videos. Their latest studio album, The Underworld Awaits Us All, was released on August 23, 2024, through Napalm Records.
Khirbet Subin
Khirbet Subin (Arabic: خربة سوبين) is a Syrian village located in the Mahardah Subdistrict of the Mahardah District in Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Khirbet Subin had a population of 310 in the 2004 census.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Robert McKenna
Robert Fidelis McKenna (8 July 1927 – 16 December 2015) was an American Catholic Traditionalist Catholic bishop and priest of the Dominican order who was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. He was known for his traditionalist Catholic positions and was an advocate of sedeprivationism. McKenna was one of the leaders of the Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement (ORCM). He was also known from the Fox TV-movie The Haunted, which is about the Smurl haunting where McKenna conducted two exorcisms.

The Haunted (1991 film)
The Haunted is a 1991 American made-for-television haunted house film directed by Robert Mandel and starring Sally Kirkland, who received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance. The film depicts the events surrounding the Smurl haunting.
Chris Johnson (basketball, born 1990)
Christapher Johnson (born April 29, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Hapoel Jerusalem. He played college basketball for the University of Dayton. Standing at 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m), he plays at the small forward and the shooting guard positions.

University of Dayton
The University of Dayton (UD) is a private, Catholic research university in Dayton, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1850 by the Society of Mary, it is one of three Marianist universities in the US and the second-largest private university in Ohio. Its campus is located in southern Dayton and spans 388 acres on both sides of the Great Miami River. The campus is noted for the Immaculate Conception Chapel and the University of Dayton Arena.

As of 2023, the university enrolls approximately 11,300 undergraduate and postgraduate students from a variety of religious, ethnic and geographic backgrounds. It offers more than 80 academic programs in the arts, sciences, business, education, health sciences, engineering, and law. In 2009, UD offered what it believes to be one of the first undergraduate degree programs in human rights. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".
Tilleorg Landscape Conservation Area
Tilleorg Landscape Conservation Area (Estonian: Tilleoru maastikukaitseala) is a nature park in Põlva County, Estonia.

The area of the nature park is 146 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1957 to protect Tilleorg Valley.

Põlva County
Põlva County (Estonian: Põlva maakond or Põlvamaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the southeastern part of the country and borders Tartu, Valga, and Võru counties. 23,989 people live in Põlva County, constituting 1.8% of the total population of Estonia (as of 2022).
Šárka B. Hrbková
Šárka B. Hrbková (also Sarka B. Hrbek, Sarka B. Herbkova, Sarah Hrbek and Sara B. Hrbek; August 23, 1878 – February 7, 1948) was an American author, writer, university professor, translator, Slavologist, historian, journalist, union official, suffragette, and feminist of Czech descent.

Slavic studies
Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics, is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic peoples, languages, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was primarily a linguist or philologist researching Slavistics. Increasingly, historians, social scientists, and other humanists who study Slavic cultures and societies have been included in this rubric.

In the United States, Slavic studies is dominated by Russian studies. Ewa Thompson, a professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, described the situation of non-Russian Slavic studies as "invisible and mute".