hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euro RSCG London
51°31′13″N 0°07′59″W﻿ / ﻿51.520340°N 0.133188°W﻿ / 51.520340; -0.133188

Havas London (formerly known as Euro RSCG London) is a London-based integrated advertising agency. It is part of the Havas Worldwide network (formerly known as Euro RSCG Worldwide) network which has 316 offices located in 75 countries throughout Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific and the Middle East.

In September 2012 the Euro RSCG Worldwide network rebranded to Havas Worldwide.

Advertising agency
An advertising agency, often referred to as a creative agency or an ad agency, is a business dedicated to creating, planning, and handling advertising and sometimes other forms of promotion and marketing for its clients. An ad agency is generally independent of the client; it may be an internal department or agency that provides an outside point of view to the effort of selling the client's products or services, or an outside firm. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and promotions for its clients, which may include sales as well.

Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and private agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce television advertisements, radio advertisements, online advertising, out-of-home advertising, mobile marketing, and AR advertising, as part of an advertising campaign.
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1970–1973
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1970 to 1973, as elected at the 1970 state election:

1  On 5 March 1971, the Liberal member for Kew and Deputy Premier, Sir Arthur Rylah, resigned due to ill health. Liberal candidate and former East Yarra Province MLC Rupert Hamer won the resulting by-election on 17 April 1971.

2  In October 1971, the Liberal member for Gisborne, Julian Doyle, resigned. The Liberal candidate and former member of The Seekers, Athol Guy, won the resulting by-election in December.

3  On 9 May 1972, the Labor member for Melbourne, Arthur Clarey, died. Labor candidate Barry Jones was elected unopposed at the close of nominations for the resulting by-election on 9 June 1972.

4  On 23 August 1972, the Liberal member for Hampden and retiring Premier of Victoria, Sir Henry Bolte, resigned. Liberal candidate Tom Austin won the resulting by-election on 7 October 1972.

1970 Victorian state election
The 1970 Victorian state election, held on Saturday, 30 May 1970, was for the 45th Parliament of Victoria. It was held in the Australian state of Victoria to elect the 73 members of the state's Legislative Assembly and 18 members of the 36-member Legislative Council.

The incumbent Liberal government led by Henry Bolte was returned for a sixth term with a slightly reduced majority.
Pherzawl district
Pherzawl district is located in the southern part of the state of Manipur. It is bounded on the east by Churachandpur District; on the north by Tamenglong District, Noney District and Jiribam district; on the west by the Cachar District of Assam and on the South by Sinlung Hills, Mizoram.  Pherzawl District has approximately 200 villages.

Ngursanglur Sanate
Ngursanglur Sanate is an Indian politician. He is a member of the Manipur Legislative Assembly from Tipaimukh Assembly constituency and hails from the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the son of the late Indian politician Ngurdinglien Sanate who served as a cabinet minister and a deputy speaker of the Manipur Legislative Assembly and had won four times as an MLA from the same constituency. Ngursanglur is from the Hmar tribe.
Descent direction
In optimization, a descent direction is a vector  that points towards a local minimum  of an objective function .

Computing  by an iterative method, such as line search defines a descent direction  at the th iterate to be any  such that , where  denotes the inner product. The motivation for such an approach is that small steps along  guarantee that  is reduced, by Taylor's theorem.

Using this definition, the negative of a non-zero gradient is always a
descent direction, as .

Numerous methods exist to compute descent directions, all with differing merits, such as gradient descent or the conjugate gradient method.

More generally, if  is a positive definite matrix, then
 is a descent direction at . This generality is used in preconditioned gradient descent methods.

Preconditioner
In mathematics, preconditioning is the application of a transformation, called the preconditioner,  that conditions a given problem into a form that is more suitable for numerical solving methods. Preconditioning is typically related to reducing a condition number of the problem. The preconditioned problem is then usually solved by an iterative method.
Battle of Kıreli
Battle of Kıreli is a battle fought between the Ottoman Empire and Aq Qoyuniu with the Karamanids.

The Ottoman army was under the command of Anatolian Beylerbeyi Koca Davud Pasha and Karaman Beylerbeyi Mustafa Çelebi (son of Mehmed the Conqueror).

Koca Davud Pasha
Koca Davud Pasha (Turkish: Koca Davut Paşa; 1446–1498) was an Ottoman Albanian general and grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1482 to 1497, during the reign of Bayezid II. He became a damat ("bridegroom") to the Ottoman dynasty by marrying an Ottoman princess, a daughter of Bayezid II whose name is unknown. They had a son, Sultanzade Mehmed Bey, who married his cousin Fatma Sultan, daughter of Şehzade Ahmed.
Llewellyn Classen
Llewellyn Classen is a South African rugby union player for the Boland Cavaliers in the Currie Cup. His regular position is hooker.

Classen was named in the Blue Bulls squad for the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division. He made his debut in Round 1 of the 2021 Currie Cup Premier Division against the Western Province.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Matthew Dryer
Matthew S. Dryer is a professor of linguistics at the State University of New York at Buffalo who has worked in typology, syntax, and language documentation. He is best known for his research on word order correlations, which has been widely cited. He is one of the editors of the World Atlas of Language Structures. His research has also analyzed various definitions of markedness as they may apply to word order. He has done original research on Kutenai and is currently doing research (in conjunction with Lea Brown) on a number of languages of Papua New Guinea, among them Walman.

Kutenai language
Kutenai (/ˈkuːtniː/ KOOT-nee), also Kootenai, Kootenay, Ktunaxa, and Ksanka, is the native language of the Kutenai people of Montana and Idaho in the United States and British Columbia in Canada. It is typically considered a language isolate, unrelated to the Salishan family of languages spoken by neighboring tribes on the coast and in the interior Plateau. The Kutenai also use ʔa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam, Ktunaxa Sign Language.
Guys Snack Foods
Guy's Snack Foods is a snack foods manufacturer and distributor based in Kansas City, Kansas, with its target market being the Midwest.

It is the first company to sell barbecue-flavored potato chips. The company's biggest product line is its potato chips, but it also offers cheese puffs, tortilla chips, snack mix and pretzels.

The company was founded by Guy and Frances Caldwell in 1938 as "Guy's Nut and Candy Company", so named because it sold roasted peanuts throughout the Kansas City area.

At one time the company had 1,000 employees in its Liberty, Missouri plant. It was sold to Borden Food Corporation in 1979. Borden sold it in 1994. It went into bankruptcy in 2001.

It emerged from bankruptcy and is now based in Kansas. It was later acquired by entrepreneur Andrew Miller in 2018.

Kansas City, Kansas
Kansas City (commonly known as KCK) is the third-most populous city in the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Wyandotte County. It is an inner suburb of the older and more populous Kansas City, Missouri, after which it is named. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 156,607, making it one of four principal cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is situated at Kaw Point, the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers. It is part of a consolidated city-county government known as the "Unified Government". It is the location of the University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas City Kansas Community College.
Brood X
Brood X (Brood 10), the Great Eastern Brood, is one of 15 broods of periodical cicadas that appear regularly throughout the eastern United States. The brood's first major emergence after 2021 is predicted to occur during 2038.

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
Apache Railway
The Apache Railway (reporting mark APA) is an Arizona short-line railroad that operates from a connection with the BNSF at Holbrook to the Snowflake Mill near Snowflake, Arizona, 38 miles (61 km). The APA was acquired by Catalyst Paper from Abitibi Consolidated in 2008. The Snowflake paper mill shut down permanently on September 30, 2012. In late 2015, the railway was purchased out of bankruptcy by a group including Aztec Land & Cattle Company and Midwest Poultry Producers, thereby avoiding a shutdown and scrappage of the line. The railway continues to operate, and its revenues are driven primarily by car repair and storage. The railway's freight revenues have not yet recovered from the shutdown of the Snowflake paper mill then owned by Catalyst, although efforts to enhance them continue.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Salvatore Sincere
Thomas Brandi (born July 9, 1966) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation from 1996 to 1998 under the ring name Salvatore Sincere and Tom Brandi. Brandi is also known for his appearances with the American Wrestling Federation, World Championship Wrestling and Extreme Championship Wrestling as Johnny Gunn.

IWA Mid-South Heavyweight Championship
The IWA World Championship is the major title in the IWA Mid-South based in Louisville, Kentucky. The title debuted at the "Crowning of a Champion" event on April 3, 1997, when Tower of Doom won a twelve-man tournament. There have been a total of 125 reigns among 59 champions and 19 vacancies. Tower of Doom was the inaugural champion, having defeated Ox Harley and Bull Pain in a tournament final three-way match on April 4, 1997, at Crowning of Champion. On June 14, 2022, Jake Crist vacated the title after failing to receive payment. As a result, the company ceased operations and the title was deactivated.
The Bramptonian
The Bramptonian was a short-lived Brampton, Ontario newspaper created 1984. The husband and wife team John and Judi McLeod founded the newspaper to rival The Brampton Times.

A free weekly with initial distribution of 40,000, it first published in late March 1984. The Audit Bureau of Circulation says the paid circulation of the Times was 6000 in September 1983, down from 7700 a year before. It was staffed by three former Times employees and "a handful of journalism students."

Alliance for Audited Media
The Alliance for Audited Media (AAM) is a North American not-for-profit industry organization founded in 1914 by the Association of National Advertisers to help ensure media transparency and trust among advertisers and media companies. Originally known as the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC), today AAM is a source of verified media information and technology platform certifications, providing standards, audit services and data for the advertising and publishing industries.

In early 2023, AAM merged with BPA Worldwide to create the largest not-for-profit media auditing organization dedicated to increasing trust, transparency and assurance across the media industry.

It is one of more than three dozen such organizations operating worldwide, affiliated with the International Federation of Audit Bureaux of Circulations (IFABC).
Cellular adaptation
In cell biology and pathophysiology, cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse or varying environmental changes. The adaptation may be physiologic (normal) or pathologic (abnormal).

Morphological adaptations observed at the cellular level include atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia. In the medical context, outside of specialized branches of biomedicine, morphological adaptations are not always referenced to the fundamental cellular level, but are observed and assessed at the level of tissues and organs. Dysplasia is a process of cell change associated with cellular abnormality, which is not considered adaptive in the positive sense of adaptation.

Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology (or physiopathology) is a branch of study, at the intersection of pathology and physiology, concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. Pathology describes the abnormal or undesired condition (symptoms of a disease), whereas pathophysiology seeks to explain the functional changes that are occurring within an individual due to a disease or pathologic state.
Arne Blach
Arne Mollerup Blach (8 July 1900 – 11 July 1977) was a Danish field hockey player who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Copenhagen and died in Helsingør. He was the younger brother of Niels Blach and Ejvind Blach and the father of Preben Mollerup Blach and Flemming Mollerup Blach.

In 1928 he was a member of the Danish team which was eliminated in the first round of the Olympic tournament after two wins and two losses. He played all four matches as forward.

Eight years later he was eliminated with the Danish team in the first round of the 1936 Olympic tournament. He played one match.

Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics
The field hockey tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the fifth edition of the field hockey event at the Summer Olympics.

All games took place either in the Hockey Stadion or on the Hockey Stadion Field No.2. Both of the field hockey grounds were near the Olympic Stadium located on the Reichssportfeld. The competition was held from 4 August 1936 to 15 August 1936. The field hockey matches saw a total attendance of 184,103 and 157,531 tickets were sold. The Indian team scored 38 goals, but only 1 goal was scored against them. British India were the Gold medalists.

Only a men's competition occurred that year.
Whoops, I'm an Indian!
Whoops, I'm an Indian! is a 1936 short subject directed by Del Lord starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the 18th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Ovinishchi
Ovinishchi (Russian: Овинищи) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Ovinishchi, Pytalovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Pytalovsky District, Pskov Oblast

Ovinishchi, Sebezhsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Sebezhsky District, Pskov Oblast

Ovinishchi, Krasnokholmsky District, Tver Oblast, a village in Likhachevskoye Rural Settlement of Krasnokholmsky District of Tver Oblast

Ovinishchi, Vesyegonsky District, Tver Oblast, a settlement in Kesemskoye Rural Settlement of Vesyegonsky District of Tver Oblast

Ovinishchi, Vladimir Oblast, a village in Gorokhovetsky District of Vladimir Oblast

Ovinishchi, Yaroslavl Oblast, a village in Shopshinsky Rural Okrug of Gavrilov-Yamsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Gavrilov-Yamsky District
Gavrilov-Yamsky District (Russian: Гаврилов-Ямский райо́н or Gavrilov-Yamskiy District) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,120 square kilometers (430 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Gavrilov-Yam. Population: 26,558 (2010 Census);  28,923 (2002 Census); 32,770 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Gavrilov-Yam accounts for 67.0% of the district's total population.
École secondaire Hormisdas-Gamelin
École secondaire Hormisdas-Gamelin is a public francophone high school located in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. It is located in the east end of the city in the Buckingham sector on MacLaren Street. It is operated by the Centre de services scolaire au Cœur-des-Vallées which operates institutions in the Buckingham area as well as in the Papineau region of the Outaouais.

The school is home to an international program to more skilled students. The program's goal is to initiate schools to be more open and informed about the worldwide realities and cultures. There also additional specific formation programs called voies in which students can have specific courses in some domains including sports, sciences, arts or citizen, environment and visual arts.

The school's football team is called the Tigers.

Outaouais
Outaouais (/uːtəweɪ/, French pronunciation: [utawɛ] ⓘ; also commonly called The Outaouais) is an administrative region of western Quebec, Canada. It includes the city of Gatineau, the municipality of Val-des-Monts, the municipality of Cantley and the Papineau region. Geographically, it is located on the north side of the Ottawa River opposite Canada's capital, Ottawa. It has a land area of 30,457.52 square kilometres (11,759.71 sq mi) and its population was 405,158 inhabitants as of 2021.

From 2017 to 2021, the Outaouais has a lower per capita disposable income than the rest of Quebec. It was $32,364 in 2021, compared to $34,180 in Quebec overall. In 2021, the unfavourable margin remained stable at 5.3%.
Schafe, Monster und Mäuse
Schafe, Monster und Mäuse is the fifteenth studio album by German rock band Element of Crime, released in October 2018 by Vertigo Records. The first single, "Am ersten Sonntag nach dem Weltuntergang", was released in early August 2018. It is the final studio album to feature longtime member David Young, who died in 2022.

Vertigo Records
Vertigo Records is a British record company. It was a subsidiary of the Philips/Phonogram record label, launched in 1969 to specialise in progressive rock and other non-mainstream musical styles. Today, it’s operated by Universal Music Germany and the UK catalogue was folded into Mercury Records, which was absorbed in 2013 by Virgin EMI Records, which returned to the EMI Records name in June 2020.
Leah Ward Sears
Leah Ward Sears (née Leah Jeanette Sears; born June 13, 1955) is an American jurist and former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia.  Sears was the first African-American female chief justice of a state supreme court in the United States. When she was first appointed as justice in 1992 by Governor Zell Miller, she became the first woman and youngest person to sit on Georgia's Supreme Court.

Alpha Kappa Alpha
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (ΑΚΑ) is a historically African-American sorority. The sorority was founded in 1908 at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Alpha Kappa Alpha was incorporated in 1913. It is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), a group of historically Black fraternities and sororities often called the Divine Nine.

In 2025, Alpha Kappa Alpha had more than 365,000 members in 1,085 chapters in the United States and eleven other countries. Women may join through undergraduate chapters at a college or university, or graduate chapters after acquiring an undergraduate or advanced college degree.
Bill Reiter
Bill Reiter is a writer and sports personality for CBS Sports. He is best known for hosting Reiter Than You, CBS Sports' first live primetime digital television show. His early work reporting on LeBron James during Lebron's first season with the Miami Heat also distinguished Fox Sports and its early NBA coverage. Reiter currently hosts "Reiter Than You" from 10 a.m.-noon on Infinity Sports Network (formerly known as CBS Sports Radio) and is the NBA Insider and NBA columnist for CBS Sports.

The Kansas City Star
The Kansas City Star is a newspaper based in Kansas City, Missouri. Published since 1880, the paper is the recipient of eight Pulitzer Prizes.

The Star is most notable for its influence on the career of President Harry S. Truman and as the newspaper where a young Ernest Hemingway honed his writing style. The paper is the major newspaper of the Kansas City metropolitan area and has widespread circulation in western Missouri and eastern Kansas.
You Made a Rock of a Rolling Stone
"You Made a Rock of a Rolling Stone" is a song written by Kix Brooks and Chris Waters, and recorded by The Oak Ridge Boys.  It was released in July 1986 as the second single from Seasons.  The song reached No. 24 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Chris Waters
Christopher Waters Dunn, known professionally as Chris Waters, is an American singer and songwriter, record producer, and culinary writer. He is the brother of country singer Holly Dunn. Dunn has written and produced many of his sister's singles, and has written for acts such as Lonestar, Terri Clark, Rhett Akins, and Billy Dean among others.