hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that causes abnormal growth within the wall of an artery. FMD has been found in nearly every arterial bed in the body, although the most commonly affected are the renal and carotid arteries.

There are various types of FMD, with multi-focal fibroplasia being the most common. Less common forms of the disease include focal (previously known as intimal) and adventitial fibroplasia. FMD predominantly affects middle-aged women, but it has been found in men and people of all ages. Pediatric cases of FMD are vastly different from those of the adult population, and poorly studied. The prevalence of FMD is not known; although the disease was initially thought to be rare, some studies have suggested that it may be underdiagnosed.

Magnetic resonance angiography
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a group of techniques based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to image blood vessels. Magnetic resonance angiography is used to generate images of arteries (and less commonly veins) in order to evaluate them for stenosis (abnormal narrowing), occlusions,  aneurysms (vessel wall dilatations, at risk of rupture) or other abnormalities. MRA is often used to evaluate the arteries of the neck and brain, the thoracic and abdominal aorta, the renal arteries, and the legs (the latter exam is often referred to as a "run-off").
Armstrong, Oklahoma
Armstrong is a town in Bryan County, Oklahoma, United States, along the Blue River. As of the 2020 census, Armstrong had a population of 113. The town was named for Frank C. Armstrong, a member of the Dawes Commission.

Blue River (Oklahoma)
The Blue River is a 141-mile-long (227 km) tributary of the Red River in southern Oklahoma in the United States.  Via the Red River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the river has also been known as Blue Creek.  The Board on Geographic Names settled on "Blue River" as the stream's official name in 1977.

A clear water stream in its upper course, the Blue River is important for recreation, especially fishing. Several areas along the river are owned by the state of Oklahoma and the Nature Conservancy.
Camerino Z. Mendoza (municipality)
Camerino Z. Mendoza is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located about 85 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 37.84 km2. It is located at 18°48′N 97°11′W﻿ / ﻿18.800°N 97.183°W﻿ / 18.800; -97.183. In 1898 there is established the head-board of Necoxtla's Municipality, in Santa Rosa; for decree of 1910 in village of Santa Rosa, it rises up to the category of Villa. Santa Rosa Necoxtla, in 1930, is named Camerino Z. Mendoza. By decree of November 5, 1932, the Municipality of Santa Rosa Necoxtla, it is named Camerino Z. Mendoza; the decree of July 4, 1933 raises to the political category of city, the Villa of Camerino Z. Mendoza.

Xalapa
Xalapa or Jalapa (English: /həˈlɑːpə/, Spanish: [xaˈlapa] ⓘ), officially Xalapa-Enríquez (IPA: [xaˈlapa enˈrikes]), is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz and the name of the surrounding municipality. In 2020 census the city reported a population of 443,063 and the municipality of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 488,531. The municipality has an area of 118.45 km2. Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of Veracruz to the southeast.
Pascale Jeuland
Pascale Jeuland-Tranchant (née Jeuland; born 2 June 1987) is a French former road and track racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2007 and 2019 for the Poitou-Charentes.Futuroscope.86, SAS–Macogep and Doltcini–Van Eyck Sport teams. At the 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, Jeuland won the gold medal in the scratch event. Her older sister is fellow road racing cyclist Nathalie Jeuland. She is married to Guillaume Tranchant.

UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's scratch
The UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's scratch is the women's world championship scratch race event held annually at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships. The event was first introduced in 2002. Kirsten Wild of the Netherlands and Yumari González of Cuba have won the title three times.
Standard H-2
The Standard H-2 was an early American Army reconnaissance aircraft, ordered in 1916. The H-2 was built by the Standard Aircraft Corporation, and previously known as the Sloane H-2. It was an open-cockpit three-place tractor biplane, powered by a 125 hp (90 kW) Hall-Scott A-5 engine. Only three were built.

An improved version, the H-3, with the same engine, earned an order for nine aircraft, while the Navy ordered three with floats as the H-4H.

Two Standard H-3s were sold by the US Army to Japan, where a further three were built by the Provisional Military Balloon Research Association (PMBRA) in 1917, powered by 150 hp (110 kW) Hall-Scott L-4 engines. They were used as trainers between May 1917 and March 1918, although they were considered dangerous.

Tractor configuration
In aviation, a tractor configuration is a propeller-driven fixed-wing aircraft with its engine mounted with the propeller in front, so that the aircraft is "pulled" through the air. This is the usual configuration;  the pusher configuration places the airscrew behind, and "pushes" the aircraft forward. Through common usage, the word "propeller" has come to mean any airscrew, whether it pulls or pushes the aircraft.

In the early years of powered aviation both tractor and pusher designs were common. However, by the midpoint of the First World War, interest in pushers declined and the tractor configuration dominated. Today, propeller-driven aircraft are assumed to be tractors unless  stated otherwise.
Mongol elements in Western medieval art
Mongol elements can be seen in European works of art ranging from the 13th to the 15th century. They encompass artistic areas such as painting and textile manufacture, and mainly consist in the European use of Mongol 'Phags-pa script in Medieval European art, as well as the representation of "Tartar" cloth and Mongol soldiers in a number of contemporary European paintings.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian pronunciation: [amˈbrɔːdʒo lorenˈtsetti]; c. 1290 – after 9 August 1348) was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. He was active from approximately 1317 to 1348. He painted The Allegory of Good and Bad Government in the Sala dei Nove (Salon of Nine or Council Room) in Siena's Palazzo Pubblico. His elder brother was the painter Pietro Lorenzetti.
Bilotta
Bilotta is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessandro Bilotta (born 1977), Italian writer

Bernardo Bilotta (1843–1918), Italian priest, poet and folklorist

Eleonora Bilotta (born 1958), Italian complex systems researcher

Eleonora Bilotta
Eleonora Bilotta is an Italian researcher into complex systems and human–computer interaction, including educational entertainment, personal robots, and the use of chaos theory, cellular automata, and dynamical systems in the synthetic design of music and jewelry, especially focusing on the chaotic behavior of Chua's circuit.

Bilotta was born in 1958 in Catanzaro, in the Calabria region of Italy. She is employed as a professor of general psychology at the University of Calabria, where she also coordinates a course on complex systems, and co-directs a research group on evolutionary systems. Before joining the University of Calabria as a researcher and then professor, she was an instructor at the Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro.

With Pietro Pantano, she is the author of the books A Gallery of Chua Attractors (World Scientific, 2008) and Cellular Automata and Complex Systems: Methods for Modeling Biological Phenomena (IGI Global, 2010).
Belly River
Belly River is a river in northwest Montana, United States and southern Alberta, Canada. It is a tributary of the Oldman River, itself a tributary of the South Saskatchewan River.

The name of the river may come from the Blackfoot word mokowan or mokoan, meaning 'stomach'. The river was previously referred to as Mokowan River. Its Gros Ventre name is ʔinɔ́tɔnníícááh, also meaning 'belly river'.

The river gives the name to the Cretaceous age Belly River Formation, which was observed on its banks by George Mercer Dawson in 1883.

Gros Ventre language
Atsina, or Gros Ventre (also known as Aaniiih, Ananin, Ahahnelin, Ahe, A’ani, and ʔɔʔɔɔɔniiih), is the ancestral language of the Gros Ventre people of what is today Montana, United States of America. The last fluent speaker died in 2007, though revitalization efforts are underway.
Lodging (agriculture)
Lodging is the bending over of the stems near ground level of grain crops, which makes them very difficult to harvest, and can dramatically reduce yield. Lodging in cereals is often a result of the combined effects of inadequate standing power of the crop, and conditions such as rain, wind, hail, topography, soil, previous crop, and others.

Lodging affects wheat, rice, and other cereals, and reducing it is a major goal of agricultural research. Dwarf varieties, which are shorter, are one way of reducing lodging.

Lodging may occur at the root or the stem; the latter typically happens later, when the stem is dry and brittle. The timing of lodging can control its effect on yield, disease, grain moisture, quality, and evenness of ripening.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Kim So-hee (singer, born 1917)
Kim So-hee (Korean: 김소희, sometimes given as Kim Sohŭi; December 1, 1917 – April 17, 1995) was an established South Korean traditional singer, designated officially as a human cultural asset in the heritage preservation programme for the folk opera genre pansori, which is fifth on the list of Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea. Her real name was Kim Sun-ok (김순옥). She specialized in Chunhyangga. She used Manjeong (Korean: 만정; Hanja: 晩汀) as a pseudonym, given by a physiognomist; it means to become a master of gugak.

Traditional music of Korea
Korea has produced music (Korean: 음악; Hanja: 音樂; RR: eumak; MR: ŭmak) for thousands of years, into the modern day. After the division of Korea in 1945, both North and South Korea have produced their own styles of music.

Traditional music (국악; 國樂; gugak; lit. national music) produced by Korea includes court music, folk music, poetic songs, and religious music used in shamanistic and Buddhist traditions.

Modern music includes K-pop (케이팝; keipap), the popular music of South Korea. North Korea also produces its own popular music, as well as music that's inspired by traditional music.
Venetian Expo
The Venetian Expo (also known as the Venetian Convention and Expo Center) is a convention center located in Paradise, Nevada, near the Las Vegas Strip. It is part of the Venetian and Palazzo resort complex, owned by Vici Properties and operated by Apollo Global Management.

The convention facility was developed by Las Vegas Sands and opened as the Sands Expo on November 9, 1990. It was built as part of the Sands Hotel, since replaced by the Venetian. The Sands Expo was renamed the Venetian Expo in 2021, while Vici and Apollo were in the process of purchasing it. The facility is frequently used for conventions booked at the Venetian and Palazzo. It is also used as overflow space for conventions that outgrow the Las Vegas Convention Center.

Las Vegas Strip
The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long, and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as "Las Vegas".

Many of the largest hotel casino and resort properties in the world are on the Strip. Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas's economy. Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road, and the North and South Las Vegas Strip routes are classified as Nevada Scenic Byways and National Scenic Byways.
Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood
The Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood (FCI Englewood) is a low-security United States federal prison for male inmates in Colorado. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), a division of the United States Department of Justice. The facility also has an administrative detention center and an adjacent satellite prison camp for minimum-security offenders.

FCI Englewood is located in unincorporated Jefferson County. FCI Englewood is located off of U.S. Route 285 and Kipling Street, 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Downtown Denver. The facility is named after the city of Englewood, and has a Littleton mailing address, but is not in either city.

Federal prison
A federal prison is operated under the jurisdiction of a federal government as opposed to a state or provincial body. Federal prisons are used for people who violated federal law (U.S., Mexico), people considered dangerous (Brazil), or those sentenced to longer terms of imprisonment (Canada). Not all federated countries have a legal concept of "federal prison".
Dendrobium sanderae
Dendrobium sanderae (Mrs. Sander's dendrobium) is a member of the family Orchidaceae endemic to the Philippines. It is found in the Montane Regions of Central Luzon, the Luzon tropical pine forests, north or the Philippines an epiphyte that grows on the trunks of pine trees (Pinus insularis) in pine forest located at altitudes of about 1000 to 1600 meters. This epiphyte of medium size has erect, slightly thick below the middle pseudobulbs; racemes are short for dendrobiums and inflorescences are present during the dry season. Sepals and petals are white while the lip is white with a green or yellow center.

Pinus kesiya
Pinus kesiya (Khasi pine or Benguet pine) is one of the most widely distributed pines in southeast Asia. Its range extends south and east from the Khasi Hills in the northeast Indian state of Meghalaya, to Burma, northern Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, southernmost China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. It is an important plantation species elsewhere in the world, including in southern Africa and South America.

The common name "Khasi pine" is from the Khasi hills in India, and "Benguet pine" is from the landlocked province of Benguet in Luzon, Philippines, where it is the dominant species of the Luzon tropical pine forests (known as saleng in Ilocano). The Benguet pine is sometimes treated as a separate species, Pinus insularis; however, the current opinion is to treat this as conspecific with P. kesiya var. langbianensis. The city of Baguio is nicknamed "The City of Pines", as it is noted for large stands of this tree.
Cullercoats
Cullercoats is a coastal settlement in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. Historically in Northumberland, it has now been absorbed into the wider Tyneside conurbation, sitting between Tynemouth to the south and Whitley Bay to the north. The population of Cullercoats at the 2021 census was 6,232.

There is a semi-circular sandy beach with cliffs and six caves, and the village is a popular destination for day-trippers. It also acts as an attractive dormitory town for nearby Newcastle upon Tyne. The name is thought to derive from dove (or "culver") cotes.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Marc Spautz
Marc Spautz (born 10 April 1963) is a Luxembourgish politician. A member of the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), he has served as Minister of Labour in the Frieden-Bettel Government since December 2025. He previously served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2004 to 2025, except from April to December 2013, during which time he occupied several portfolios as a minister in the Juncker–Asselborn II Government. He was president of the CSV group in the Chamber from 2023 to 2025.

He is the son of Jean Spautz, a fellow CSV politician and trade union leader, who served as Minister of Internal Affairs (1980-1995) and President of the Chamber of Deputies (1995-2004). Marc followed in his father's footsteps, becoming a member of the CSV in 1981.  In local politics, Spautz was a member of the Schifflange communal council from 1994 to 2025 – except during his time as a minister – and was an alderman in the commune from 2000 to 2005, from 2011 to 2013 and from 2017 to 2025.

Échevin (Luxembourg)
An échevin (Luxembourgish: Schäffe; German: Schöffe), sometimes translated as alderman, is a member of the executive of a Luxembourgish commune.  Together, they form the collège échevinal (Luxembourgish: Schäfferot), which helps the mayor run the administration.  In most communes, échevins have designated roles within the administration, adopting separate briefs as in a cabinet.

Échevins are elected by the commune's council, and represent the make-up of the governing coalition.  Formally, échevins of cities are nominated by the Grand Duke, whilst those of other communes are named by the Minister for the Interior.  Échevins must be members of the communal council and hold Luxembourgish nationality.

Most communes have two échevins, but more populous ones are allowed more if granted that right by Grand Ducal decree: communes with 10,000 to 19,999 inhabitants may have 3 échevins, communes with 20,000 or more may have 4 échevins, and Luxembourg City may have up to six.
Lftp
lftp is a command-line program client for several file transfer protocols. lftp is designed for Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is developed by Alexander Lukyanov, and is distributed under the GNU General Public License.

lftp can transfer files via FTP, FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, FISH, SFTP, BitTorrent, and FTP over HTTP proxy. It also supports the File eXchange Protocol (FXP), which allows the client to transfer files from one remote FTP server to another.

Among lftp's features are transfer queues, segmented file transfer, resuming partial downloads, bandwidth throttling, and recursive copying of file directories. The client can be used interactively or automated with scripts. It has Unix shell-like job control, and a facility for scheduling file transfers for execution at a later time.

FTPS
FTPS (also known as FTP-SSL and FTP Secure) is an extension to the commonly used File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that adds support for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and, formerly, the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL, which is now prohibited by RFC7568) cryptographic protocols.

FTPS should not be confused with the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), a secure file transfer subsystem for the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol with which it is not compatible. It is also different from FTP over SSH, which is the practice of tunneling FTP through an SSH connection.
WaveSurfer
WaveSurfer is an audio editor widely used for studies of acoustic phonetics. It is a simple but fairly powerful program for interactive display of sound pressure waveforms, spectral sections, spectrograms, pitch tracks and transcriptions. It can read and write a number of transcription file formats used in industrial speech research including TIMIT.

WaveSurfer is free software, distributed under a permissive free software licence.

Permissive software license
A permissive software license, sometimes also called BSD-like or BSD-style license, is a free-software license which instead of copyleft protections, carries only minimal restrictions on how the software can be used, modified, and redistributed, usually including a warranty disclaimer. Examples include the GNU All-permissive License, MIT License, BSD licenses, Apple Public Source License and Apache license. As of 2016, the most popular free-software license is the permissive MIT license.
J. F. Sharp
James Fletcher Sharp (1865-1927) was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Oklahoma. He was born on a farm on March 2, 1865, in Adams County, Illinois to James and Permelia Jane (née Bates) Sharp. He was the first of four boys in the family and one of two who survived to adulthood.  Although he grew up on a farm, he got his primary education in public schools. Then he spent four years at Craddock College in Quincy, Illinois. He then enrolled in Missouri State University where he earned an LL.B. in 1889. He was promptly admitted to practice in Howard County, Missouri.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
Song of Songs (2005 film)
Song of Songs is a 2005 film directed by Josh Appignanesi and written by Josh Appignanesi and Jay Basu.  It stars Natalie Press and Joel Chalfen.  Press plays a devoutly orthodox Jewish young woman who tries to bring her estranged, secular brother back into the fold.

Made in the UK, it was released there in February 2006 after winning a special commendation for Best British Film at the Edinburgh International Film Festival 2005 and a nomination for the Tiger Awards at the International Film Festival Rotterdam (2006).  The film was produced by Gayle Griffiths who won the Alfred Dunhill UK Talent Film Award at the London Film Festival 2005 for the production.

International Film Festival Rotterdam
International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) is an annual film festival held at the end of January in various locations in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, focused on independent and experimental films. The inaugural festival took place in June 1972, led by founder Huub Bals. IFFR also hosts CineMart and BoostNL for film producers to seek funding.
Gudum railway station
Gudum Railway Station is a small railway station in Balod district, Chhattisgarh. Its code is GUDM. It serves Gudum town. The station consists of two platforms. The platforms are not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.

Balod district
Balod district is a district within the state of Chhattisgarh. Its headquarters are in Balod.

It has a District & Sessions Court which was inaugurated on 2 October 2013 by Justice Sunil Kumar Sinha. Deepak Kumar Tiwari joined as the first District & Sessions Judge at Balod.