hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD36
In molecular biology, snoRNA U36 (also known as SNORD36) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U36 is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U36 is encoded within the intron of ribosomal protein rpL7a, and has two regions of complementarity to 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA.  This complementarity suggests that U36 acts as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide.  This snoRNA is also related to other snoRNAs (snoR47 and Z100) identified in the rice plant Oryza sativa.

Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons.

Introns are found in the genes of most eukaryotes and many eukaryotic viruses, and they can be located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns, group II introns, and spliceosomal introns (see below). Introns are rare in Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes).
Apple Box
Apple Box is a box set by XTC compiling Apple Venus Volume 1 and Wasp Star (Apple Venus Volume 2) along with their respective demo albums Homespun and Homegrown. It is the third box set of their career following Transistor Blast: The Best of the BBC Sessions and Coat of Many Cupboards, released by Idea Records.

Gavin Wright
Gavin Wright (born 1943) is an economic historian and the William Robertson Coe Professor of American economic history at Stanford University. He received his B.A. from Swarthmore College and his Ph.D. with distinction from Yale University. He has taught at that institution, the University of Michigan, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Cambridge, and Oxford University.

Wright has published nine books and dozens of scholarly articles. Most of his research has focused on the economics of the U.S. Civil War and the civil rights movement.
Tryphon of Pechenga
Tryphon of Pechenga (Russian: Преподобный Трифон Печенгский, Кольский; Finnish: Pyhittäjä Trifon Petsamolainen (Kuolalainen); Skolt Sami: Pââʹss Treeffan; Norwegian Bokmål and Swedish: St./S:t Trifon av Petsamo; 1495–1583) was a Russian monk and ascetic in the Eastern Orthodox Church on the Kola Peninsula and in Lapland in the 16th century. He is considered to be the founder of the Pechenga Monastery and "Enlightener of the Sami".

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Cotter (pin)
A cotter is a pin or wedge with a flat bearing surface passing through a hole to fix parts tightly together. In British usage cotter pin has the same meaning, but in the U.S. it means a split pin.

Typical applications are in fixing a crank to its crankshaft, as in a bicycle, and a piston rod to a crosshead, as in a steam engine. The angle of the wedge determines the position of the parts being held; therefore, on a bicycle, the pedal arms will only be at 180 degrees to each other if the angle of the cotter pin's wedge is the same on both pins.

Crosshead
In mechanical engineering, a crosshead is a mechanical joint used as part of the slider-crank linkages of long stroke reciprocating engines (either internal combustion or steam) and reciprocating compressors to eliminate sideways force on the piston. The crosshead also allows the connecting rod to move freely outside the cylinder. Because of the very small bore-to-stroke ratio on such engines, the connecting rod would hit the cylinder walls and block the engine from rotating if the piston were attached directly to the connecting rod as in a trunk engine. Therefore, the longitudinal dimension of the crosshead must be matched to the stroke of the engine.
Silver City, Georgia
Silver City is an unincorporated community in Dawson and Forsyth counties, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

The 2020 United States census reported the population of the Silver City Census County Division in Forsyth County as being 29,877.

Dawson County, Georgia
Dawson County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,798 up from 22,330 in 2010. The county seat is Dawsonville.

Dawson County is included in the Atlanta metropolitan statistical area. Its natural resources include Amicalola Falls, the highest falls in Georgia and one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the state.
1977 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1977 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 83rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. The championship ran from 11 September to 13 November 1977.

South Liberties entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Patrickswell in a semi-final replay.

The final was played on 13 November 1977 at the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, between Patrickswell and Killleedy, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Patrickswell won the match by 3–07 to 0–07 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in seven years.

Éamonn Grimes was the championship's top scorer with 1–19.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.
Muscle-up
The muscle-up (also known as a muscleup or muscle up) is an intermediate strength training exercise within the domain of calisthenics. It is a combination routine of a radial pull-up followed by a dip. Variations exist for the rings as well as the bar.

Strength training
Strength training, also known as weight training or resistance training, is exercise designed to improve physical strength. It may involve lifting weights, bodyweight exercises (e.g., push-ups, pull-ups, and squats), isometrics (holding a position under tension, like planks), and plyometrics (explosive movements like jump squats and box jumps).

Training works by progressively increasing the force output of the muscles and uses a variety of exercises and types of equipment. Strength training is primarily an anaerobic activity, although circuit training also is a form of aerobic exercise.

Strength training can increase muscle, tendon, and ligament strength as well as bone density, metabolism, and the lactate threshold; improve joint and cardiac function; and reduce the risk of injury in athletes and the elderly. For many sports and physical activities, strength training is central or is used as part of their training regimen.
Eva Vinje Aurdal
Eva Vinje Aurdal (born 6 December 1957) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

In the 2009 and 2013 elections she was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Møre og Romsdal. She has served as an elected member of the municipal council of Ålesund Municipality and Møre og Romsdal county council.

In 2012 she became a board member of the Central Norway Regional Health Authority.

Møre og Romsdal County Municipality
Møre og Romsdal County Municipality (Norwegian: Møre og Romsdal fylkeskommune) is the democratically elected regional governing administration of Møre og Romsdal county in western Norway. The main responsibilities of the county municipality includes the running of 23 upper secondary schools with 2,000 teachers. It also owns and finances the county's road network, although operation is done through the Norwegian Public Roads Administration. Further responsibilities are public transport, 37 dental clinics with 200 dentists, culture and cultural heritage.
Nick Cross (animator)
Nick Cross is a Canadian animator, artist, cartoonist, director, writer, and producer based in Los Angeles, California. His works include The Waif of Persephone, Yellow Cake, Pig Farmer, and Black Sunrise, which he wrote, directed, animated and produced. He is friends with graphic novel artist Troy Little and they collaborated on the development of the animated series Angora Napkin. He directed the pilot for the Nickelodeon series Pig Goat Banana Cricket created by graphic novel creator Dave Cooper and alternative comics creator Johnny Ryan. He was the double Emmy winning art director for the Cartoon Network acclaimed miniseries Over the Garden Wall as well as the network's shorts development program. He was the supervising producer on the Cartoon Network and HBO Max series Tig n' Seek.

He is married to cartoonist and comedian Marlo Meekins.

Troy Little
Troy Little (born 7 March 1973) is a Canadian cartoonist working in comic books and animation. He began self publishing with Chiaroscuro, a graphic novel that was developed between 2000 and 2005 under his Meanwhile Studios imprint. After winning two grants (Xeric and P.E.I. Council of the Arts) and being praised by Dave Sim, Chiaroscuro vol. 1 was released in 2007 by IDW Publishing.
Steve Smylie
R. Steve Smylie (born October 3, 1953) is an American politician who served in the Idaho House of Representatives from 1999 to 2006. He unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for State Superintendent of Public Instruction in 2006 and later served as a member of the West Ada School Board from 2016 to 2020.

Idaho House of Representatives
The Idaho House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Idaho Legislature.

It consists of 70 representatives elected to two-year terms. The state is divided into 35 districts, each of which elects two representatives to separate seats. It meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho, in the State Capitol Building.
MAP4K1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the MAP4K1 gene. It is also known as HPK1 (Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1). The protein has been shown to play a role in JNK activation.

Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes. There are two main types of protein kinase. The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. Most of the others are tyrosine kinases, although additional types exist. Protein kinases are also found in bacteria and plants. Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.
Lead time bias
Lead time bias happens when survival time appears longer because diagnosis was done earlier (for instance, by screening), irrespective of whether the patient lived longer. Lead time is the duration of time between the detection of a disease (by screening or based on new experimental criteria) and its usual clinical presentation and diagnosis (based on traditional criteria). For example, it is the time between early detection by screening and the time when diagnosis would have been made clinically (without screening). It is an important factor when evaluating the effectiveness of a specific test.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
San Jacopo Apostolo, Gallicano
San Jacopo Apostolo is a Romanesque-style Roman Catholic parish church located on via Domenico Bertini # 26 in the town of Gallicano, Province of Lucca, region of Tuscany, Italy.

A church at the site was documented in 771. By the tenth century it was recognized as a collegiate church. The church layout of today was built in the 11th century. The church was initially linked to the mountaintop castle, but it moved to being a parish church. In 1485, it was reconstructed using material form the abandoned church of San Giovanni.

44°3′35″N 10°26′11″E﻿ / ﻿44.05972°N 10.43639°E﻿ / 44.05972; 10.43639

Province of Lucca
The province of Lucca (Italian: provincia di Lucca) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lucca.

It has an area of 1,773 square kilometres (685 mi2) and a population of about 390,000. The province contains 33 comuni (sg.: comune).
GS&WR Sambo
The GS&WR Class L2 Sambo was an 0-4-2 saddle tank engine used by the GSR of Ireland. The original "Sambo" model was a rebuild of an old Wakefield locomotive, but in 1912, Richard Maunsell had the locomotive rebuilt as a saddle tank. The engine was sent for scrap in 1962.

Great Southern Railways
The Great Southern Railways Company (often Great Southern Railways, or GSR) was an Irish company that from 1925 until 1945 owned and operated all railways that lay wholly within the Irish Free State (the present-day Republic of Ireland).

The period was difficult with rising operating costs and static to failing income.  The early part of the period was soon after infrastructure losses of the Irish Civil War.  The Emergency or Second World War at the end of the period saw shortages of coal and raw materials with increased freight traffic and restricted passenger traffic.
Scaling dimension
In theoretical physics, the scaling dimension, or simply dimension, of a local operator in a quantum field theory characterizes the rescaling properties of the operator under spacetime dilations . If the quantum field theory is scale invariant, scaling dimensions of operators are fixed numbers, otherwise they are functions of the distance scale.

Beta function (physics)
In theoretical physics, specifically quantum field theory, a beta function or Gell-Mann–Low function, β(g), encodes the dependence of a coupling parameter, g, on the energy scale, μ, of a given physical process described by quantum field theory.
It is defined by the Gell-Mann–Low equation or renormalization group equation, given by

and, because of the underlying renormalization group, it has no explicit dependence on μ, so it only depends on μ implicitly through g.
This dependence on the energy scale thus specified is known as the running of the coupling parameter, a fundamental 
feature of scale-dependence in quantum field theory, and its explicit computation is achievable through a variety of mathematical techniques. The concept of beta function was first introduced by Ernst Stueckelberg and André Petermann in 1953, and independently postulated by Murray Gell-Mann and Francis E. Low in 1954.
Devangudi
Devangudi is a village near Thiruvaiyaru in Thanjavur district, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The village is situated between two principal waterways of South India: the Cauveri River, two kilometers to the north, and the Kollidam River, less than one kilometer to its south. Notable places of worship of this village include a Lord Murugan temple facing west and a lord Vinayagar temple facing east. These two temples were built exactly facing each other in the early 19th century.

Kollidam River
The Kollidam (referred to as Coleroon in Colonial English) is a river in southeastern India. The Kollidam is the northern distributary of the Cauvery River as it flows through the delta districts. It splits from the main branch of the Cauvery River at the island of Srirangam and flows eastward into the Bay of Bengal near Kollidam block, Pazhaiyar, Mayiladuthurai district.  The distribution system in Kollidam lies at Lower Anaicut which is an island of river Kollidam.

The surplus and floodwater from the Mettur Dam are diverted into the Kollidam River by the Public Works Department (PWD) to ensure safe discharge into the Bay of Bengal. This measure helps manage excess water flow and reduces the risk of flooding in surrounding areas.
Subrail Park
Subrail Park is a stadium in Labasa (pronounced "lum-ba-sa") on the island of Vanua Levu in Fiji. The stadium is owned and managed by Labasa Town Council. The stadium has a capacity of 10,000 people at any event. It is the home of Labasa FC and Dreketi. It also hosts rugby union matches, such as the Colonial Cup and the Digicel Cup. It has been damaged during Tropical Cyclone Winston.

Vanua Levu
Vanua Levu (pronounced [βaˈnua ˈleβu], lit. 'Big Land', Fiji Hindi: वानुआ लेवु), formerly known as Sandalwood Island, is the second largest island of Fiji. Located 64 kilometres (40 miles) to the north of the larger Viti Levu, the island has an area of 5,587.1 square kilometres (2,157.2 sq mi) and a population of approximately 160,000 as of 2022.
Myrtle Merritt French
Myrtle Merritt French (1886–1970) was an American ceramicist.  She is known for founding the Hull-House Kilns program and for directing the program from 1927 to 1937.

French studied with Charles Fergus Binns at Alfred University. She went on to teach at Alfred, the Carnegie Institute of Technology, and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. French began teaching at Hull House in 1924. The program became an income generating concern in 1927, producing decorative pottery and dinnerware. French was able to facilitate exhibiting Hull-House Kilns artists at the Art Institute of Chicago.

An essay by Scott A. Vermillion for the International Museum of Dinnerware Design presents the opinion that French's designs can be seen as an influence for Fiesta dinnerware.

Charles Fergus Binns
Charles Fergus Binns (4 October 1857 in Worcester – 4 December 1934 in Alfred, New York) was an English-born studio potter. Binns was the first director of the New York State School of Clayworking and Ceramics at Alfred University, holding that position from 1900 until 1931.

His work included authorship of several books on the history and practice of pottery. Some of his more notable students included Arthur Eugene Baggs, William Victor Bragdon, R. Guy Cowan, Maija Grotell, Elizabeth Overbeck, and Adelaide Alsop Robineau. This has led Binns to be called "the father of American studio ceramics".
Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages
The Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages is a comparative and etymological dictionary of the hypothetical Altaic language family. It was written by linguists Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, and Oleg Mudrak, and was published in Leiden in 2003 by Brill Publishers. It contains 3 volumes, and is a part of the Handbook of Oriental Studies: Section 8, Uralic and Central Asian Studies; no. 8.

The work was sponsored by the Soros Foundation, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and the Russian Foundation for Humanities. The work was also supported by Ariel Investments in the Tower of Babel project. All work was conducted within Starostin's STARLING database, available online.: 9

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
STARGATE
STARGATE (Spacecraft Tracking and Astronomical Research into Gigahertz Astrophysical Transient Emission) was a radio-frequency (RF) technology facility which was located next to the SpaceX Starbase in south Texas.

The facility was intended to provide students and faculty access to RF technologies widely used in spaceflight operations, including satellite and spacecraft tracking.

In 2019, the main STARGATE facility was leased to SpaceX for use in development of the SpaceX Starship, although other STARGATE assets continued to operate at other locations, primarily UTRGV's main campus in Brownsville. In December 2024, the University of Texas System approved sale of the main STARGATE facility to SpaceX. In April 2025, SpaceX demolished the STARGATE building to make way for construction of its new GigaBay manufacturing facility.

Economic Development Administration
The U.S. Economic Development Administration (EDA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that provides grants and technical assistance to economically distressed communities in order to generate new employment, help retain existing jobs and stimulate industrial and commercial growth through a variety of investment programs. EDA works with boards and communities across the country on economic development strategies.
Luther Biggs
Luther Biggs is an American professional wrestler, who has competed in North American independent promotions including the United States Wrestling Association (USWA), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and had a short stint in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) during the late 1990s, most notably as one half of the tag team Hard Knox with Killer Kyle and manager Coach Buzz Stern. He has also acted in several films, using the stage name Luther Wilson.

United States Wrestling Association
The United States Wrestling Association (USWA) was a professional wrestling promotion based in Memphis, Tennessee. The company was founded when the Memphis-based Continental Wrestling Association merged with the Dallas-based World Class Championship Wrestling.