hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Čestmír Císař
Čestmír Císař (2 January 1920 – 24 March 2013) was a Czech politician and diplomat. He served as the first Chairman of the Czech National Council from 1968 to 1969 when the Czech Republic was part of Czechoslovakia during the Communist era. A leading advocate for reforms of the Communist Party, Císař introduced a series of liberal reforms to Communist Czechoslovakia, becoming a major figure in the Prague Spring as a result. He sought to create a new form of socialism with a "human face." His reforms were repealed following the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. He was removed from office and expelled from the Communist Party until the Velvet Revolution of 1989.

History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)
From the Communist coup d'état in February 1948 to the Velvet Revolution in 1989, Czechoslovakia was ruled by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ). The country belonged to the Eastern Bloc and was a member of the Warsaw Pact and of Comecon. During the era of Communist Party rule, thousands of Czechoslovaks faced political persecution for various offences, such as trying to emigrate across the Iron Curtain.

The 1993 Act on Lawlessness of the Communist Regime and on Resistance Against It determined that the communist government was illegal and that the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was a criminal organisation.
Hagwilget Peak
Hagwilget Peak is the northernmost mountain in the Rocher Déboulé Range in northern British Columbia, Canada. The 2,076-metre (6,811-foot) mountain summit is conspicuously situated immediately south of Hazelton, British Columbia.

Overlooking New Hazelton, it rises 1,770 m (5,807 ft) above the surrounding valley. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into the Skeena River and Bulkley River. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Hagwilget Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.

New Hazelton
New Hazelton is a district municipality on the south side of the Bulkley River in the Skeena region of west central British Columbia, Canada. On BC Highway 16, the locality is by road about 68 kilometres (42 mi) northwest of Smithers and 137 kilometres (85 mi) northeast of Terrace. New Hazelton is one of the "Three Hazeltons", the other two being the original "Old" Hazelton to the northwest and South Hazelton to the west.
Robert Livingston Allen
Robert Livinston Allen (1916 – October 9, 1982), was an American professor of linguistics and education at Teachers College, Columbia University known for his development of Sector Analysis, a grammatical system used in the teaching and analysis of languages in the United States and around the world.

Born in 1916 in Hamadan, Iran, the son of Presbyterian missionaries, Robert Allen was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy and graduated as valedictorian from Hamilton College where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He received his MA (1953) and PhD (1962) in Teaching of English with an emphasis on linguistics from Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York.

Teachers College, Columbia University
Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) is the graduate school of education affiliated with Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Founded in 1887, Teachers College has been part of Columbia University since 1898.
Jan Walenty Węgierski
Jan Walenty Węgierski (1755–1796), of Wieniawa Coat of Arms, was a Deputy Chancellor (podkanclerz) and Chamberlain of last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski. He was a member of the Great Sejm and supporter of Kościuszko Insurrection.

Owner of Szczyty-Dzięciołowo, Szczyty-Nowodwory and Hrabniak, he sponsored the construction of several Eastern Orthodox Churches in Podlasie Voivodeship.

Son of Andrzej Węgierski and Ewa Niedzwiecka. He had one son, who died as an infant. In 1796 he adopted a son of his nephew, Antoni Wiewiórowski, who inherited all of his possessions.

Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland–Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794. It was an attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the Targowica Confederation. Despite some local successes of the insurgency, it was ultimately suppressed by Russian general Alexander Suvorov, who was promoted to field marshal in the aftermath of the Battle of Praga; the massacre that followed the battle was evidence of the ruthlessness of war.
Folignano
Folignano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Italian region Marche, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Ancona and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) southeast of Ascoli Piceno. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 9,214 and an area of 14.8 square kilometres (5.7 sq mi).

The municipality of Folignano contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Castel Folignano, Case di Coccia, Sant'Antonio, San Cipriano, San Benedetto, Piane di Morro and Villa Pigna.

Folignano borders the following municipalities: Ascoli Piceno, Civitella del Tronto, Maltignano, Sant'Egidio alla Vibrata.

The historical center of the town is divided in several zone: Capolavilla (head of the town), Spiazzo (Square), Colle Pasquale (Pasquale hill), Pielavilla (feet of the town).

Civitella del Tronto
Civitella del Tronto (Italian pronunciation: [tʃiviˈtɛlla del ˈtronto]) is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Teramo, within the Abruzzo region of central–southern Italy. It is in the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Lichtenstein Castle (Greifenstein)
Lichtenstein Castle (German: Burg Lichtenstein) is a levelled spur castle on the hill of Burgberg Lichtenstein, 315 m above sea level (NN), near the Greifenstein village of Holzhausen on the old military High Road, that ran from Frankfurt via Wetzlar to Cologne. The castle site is situated to the north of, and above, the Ulmbach Reservoir in the Hessian county of Lahn-Dill-Kreis.

Wetterau
The Wetterau (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛtɐʔaʊ], lit. 'Wetter meadow') is a fertile undulating tract, watered by the Wetter, a tributary of the Nidda River, in the western German state of Hesse, between the hilly province Oberhessen and the north-western Taunus mountains.

Bettina von Arnim writes of Wetterau in her text Diary of a Child in the chapter "Journey to the Wetterau".
10th Shorty Awards
The 10th Annual Shorty Awards powered by DirecTV Now, honoring the best in social media, took place on April 15, 2018, at the PlayStation Theater, New York City. The ceremony was hosted by actress, singer, songwriter, Keke Palmer.

Palladium Times Square
Palladium Times Square (formerly PlayStation Theater, Best Buy Theater and Nokia Theatre Times Square) is an indoor live events venue in New York City, located in One Astor Plaza, at the corner of Broadway and 44th Street. It was designed by architect David Rockwell and opened in September 2005. The venue has a large standing room orchestra section, combined with a large area of seating towards the rear of the auditorium.

The venue was originally built as the Loews Astor Plaza Theatre, a movie theater operated by Loews Theatres, which opened in 1974 and closed in August 2004. The space was leased by the Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), who converted it to a live-event venue at an estimated total cost of $21 million.

Due to the expiration of its lease, the PlayStation Theater closed on December 31, 2019, after a set of shows by Philadelphia trance fusion band Disco Biscuits. The venue reopened in 2020 as Palladium Times Square.
Tondu RFC
Tondu Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Aberkenfig, South Wales. They presently play in the Welsh Rugby Union Championship and are a feeder club for the Ospreys.

During the early 1990s Tondu RFC dominated the Glamorgan County Silver Ball competition, winning the trophy in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Tondu are the joint leading winners of the competition having now won it on four occasions.

An ad first appeared in "The Western Mail" on 22 November 1879, announcing the formation of the Tondu Football Club.

Welsh Rugby Union
The Welsh Rugby Union (WRU; Welsh: Undeb Rygbi Cymru) is the governing body of rugby union in the country of Wales, recognised by the sport's international governing body, World Rugby.

The WRU is responsible for the running of rugby in Wales, overseeing 320 member clubs, the Welsh national team and National Leagues and Cups. The WRU is headed by the President (Terry Cobner), chairman (Richard Collier-Keywood) and CEO (Abi Tierney).
ISO 3166-2:YT
ISO 3166-2:YT is the entry for Mayotte in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Mayotte.

Mayotte, an overseas territorial collectivity of France, is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code YT. Moreover, it is also assigned the ISO 3166-2 code FR-976 under the entry for France.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
KFBN
KFBN "Heaven 88.7" is a Christian radio station located in Fargo, North Dakota. The station is owned by Master's Baptist College, a ministry of Fargo Baptist Church. The station is also heard on a translator on 102.3 FM in Kulm.

KFBN is a non-profit radio station, receiving most of its donations and contributions from its listeners and Fargo Baptist Church. Most of the programming on Heaven 88.7 is made up of Bible teaching programs, and traditional worship music.

Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.
Albert Ray
Albert Ray (August 28, 1897 – February 5, 1944) was an American film director, actor, and screenwriter. He directed more than 70 films between 1920 and 1939. He also appeared in 18 films between 1915 and 1922. He was born in New Rochelle, New York and died in Los Angeles, California.

New Rochelle, New York
New Rochelle (/rəˈʃɛl/ rə-SHEL) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles (27 km) from Midtown Manhattan. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the 7th-largest city and 22nd-most populous municipality in New York.
Remote (1993 film)
Remote is a 1993 American comedy film that was released directly to video on September 22, 1993, by Paramount Pictures through Moonbeam Entertainment. It stars Chris Carrara, Jessica Bowman, and John Diehl. Ted Nicolaou directed the films and it was written by Mike Farrow, best known for his hard-boiled detective persona Tommy Sledge. It is the second film to be released by Moonbeam Entertainment, following Prehysteria! (1993). It follows a tech teenager (Carrara) who uses multiple remote controls on different models when he face off against the three burglars who robbed at a modeled home.

Jordan Belfi
Jordan Belfi (born November 30, 1978) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Adam Davies on Entourage (2004–2009), Josh Lindsey on Moonlight (2007–2008), and Principal Ed Landon on All American (2018–2022).
Late Extra
Late Extra is a 1935 British crime film directed by Albert Parker and starring James Mason (his film debut), Virginia Cherrill, and Alastair Sim.

It was made at Wembley Studios by the British subsidiary of the Fox Film Company as a quota quickie. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ralph W. Brinton.

Fountain Studios
Fountain Studios was an independently owned television studio in Wembley Park, north-west London, England. The company was last part of the Avesco Group plc.

Several companies owned the site before it was bought by Fountain in 1993. Originally a film studio complex, as Wembley Studios it was formerly the base for the ITV London weekday franchise holder Rediffusion from 1955 to 1968, and London Weekend Television from 1968 to 1972. More recently, the studios were best known for being the venue for the live stages of ITV British shows The X Factor and Britain's Got Talent.

The last show to be broadcast live (and recorded) at the studios was The X Factor on 4 December 2016, after which the studio was closed, and the site sold to property developer Quintain. It is now known as Troubadour Wembley Park Theatre.
Baltic Railway Company
The Baltic Railway Company (German: Baltische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft; Russian: Общество балтийской желъзной дороги) was an initially private and later state-owned railway company in the Russian Empire which existed from 1868 to 1907.

The railway company owned and operated a number of railway lines primarily in the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire. The company's main line connected the Baltic ports of Reval (now Tallinn) and Baltischport (now Paldiski) with the Russian capital Saint Petersburg as well as the Saint Petersburg–Moscow railway. Today, the railway lines of the company are located in Estonia and Latvia, as well as in the Russian oblasts of Leningrad and Pskov.

Saint Petersburg–Moscow railway
The Saint Petersburg to Moscow railway (1855–1923 – Nikolaevskaya railway) runs for 649.7 kilometers (403.7 mi) through four oblasts: Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver and Moscow. It is a major traffic artery in the north-west region of Russia, operated by the October Railway subdivision of Russian Railways.

It is the only high speed railway line in the world that is powered by DC electrification.
Bernard Nabonne
Bernard Nabonne (1897-1951) was a French writer of Bearnaise origin. He is best known for his novels written in the 1920s, for example, La Butte aux Cailles (1925) and Maitena (1927). The latter won the Prix Renaudot. Other notable works include Joseph Bonaparte (1950 Prix Thérouanne), À la Gasconne (1935 Prix Paul Flat), and À l'abandon (1932 Prix Montyon).

Besides fiction, he also wrote a number of books on French history.

Montyon Prize
The Montyon Prize (French: Prix Montyon) is a series of prizes awarded annually by the French Academy of Sciences and the Académie française. They are endowed by the French benefactor Baron de Montyon.
Telford Steam Railway
The Telford Steam Railway (TSR) is a heritage railway located at Horsehay, Telford in Shropshire, England, formed in 1976.

The railway is operated by volunteers on Sundays and Bank Holidays from Easter to the end of September, and at Christmas. Its official business name is the Telford Horsehay Steam Trust (THST), and it is a registered charity.

Bank holiday
A bank holiday is a national public holiday in the United Kingdom and the Crown Dependencies, and a colloquial term for a public holiday in Ireland. In the United Kingdom, the term is used to refer to all public holidays, be they set out in statute, declared by royal proclamation, or held by convention under common law. In Ireland, there are some bank holidays which are not public holidays.

The term "bank holiday" refers to the fact that banking institutions typically close for business on such holidays, as they once did on certain saint's days.
DVD Show
DVD Show is a Canadian movie review series, which airs on mentv, CLT and SUN TV. In 2009, the series is now hosted by Jenny Steele and Max Sinclair, with two guest reviewers every week. Heath McCoy previously hosted the series but left when its new season premiered. The series made a move to HD in 2009., the series reviews movies and television programs newly released on DVD and re-releases on Blu-ray, suggesting viewers to Buy, Rent, or Skip.

Skip (audio playback)
A skip occurs when a phonograph (gramophone), cassette tape or compact disc player malfunctions or is disturbed so as to play incorrectly, causing a break in sound or a jump to another part of the recording.
Gamelan salendro
The gamelan salendro is a form of gamelan music found in West Java, Indonesia. It is played as an accompaniment to wayang golek (rod puppet) performances and dances. It uses a similar ensemble as a small central Javanese gamelan, but has developed differently, and shows the more exuberant character.

Wayang golek
Wayang golek (Sundanese: ᮝᮚᮀ ᮍᮧᮜᮦᮊ᮪, romanized: wayang golèk (in the lemes register); is one of the traditional Sundanese puppet arts from West Java, Indonesia. In contrast to the wayang art in other areas of Java that use leather in the production of wayang, wayang golek is a wayang art made of wood. Wayang golek is very popular in West Java, especially in the Pasundan land area. Today, wayang golek has become an important part of Sundanese culture.

On November 7, 2003, UNESCO designated wayang the flat leather shadow puppet (wayang kulit), the flat wooden puppet (wayang klitik), and the three-dimensional wooden puppet (wayang golek) theatre, as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. In return for the acknowledgment, UNESCO required Indonesians to preserve the tradition.
Highland Valley Copper mine
The Highland Valley Copper mine is the largest open-pit copper mine in Canada, located near Logan Lake, British Columbia. It is an amalgamation of three historic mining operations: Bethlehem (later Valley Copper), Lornex and Highmont.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
Regional Government of San Martín
The Regional Government of San Martín (Spanish: Gobierno Regional de San Martín; GORE San Martín) is the regional government that represents the Department of San Martín. It is the body with legal identity in public law and its own assets, which is in charge of the administration of provinces of the department in Peru. Its purpose is the social, cultural and economic development of its constituency. It is based in the city of Moyobamba.

Moyobamba
Moyobamba (Spanish pronunciation: [moʝoˈβamba]) or Muyupampa (Quechua muyu circle, pampa large plain, "circle plain"), also called "Santiago of eight valleys of Moyobamba" or "Maynas capital", is the capital city of the San Martín Region in northern Peru. There are 50,073 inhabitants, according to the 2017 census. Some 3,500 species of orchids are native to the area, which has led to another of the city's nicknames , The City of Orchids. The city is the capital of both Moyobamba Province and Moyobamba District.

The city is linked by road with Tarapoto to the southeast, Rioja to the west and Bagua to the northwest. Roads connect Moyobamba to the Pacific coast by way of Bagua and Olmos to the north and Cajamarca to the southwest.
Rouen Philharmonic Orchestra
The Rouen Philharmonic Orchestra (French: Orchestre de l'Opéra de Rouen Normandie) is a symphony orchestra based in Rouen in Normandy, France. It is housed in the Rouen Opera House.

Founded in 1998 by Austrian conductor Oswald Sallaberger, the orchestra is one of France's leading musical institutions. British conductor Ben Glassberg was offered the conductorship and his appointment was effective from the commencement of the 2020–2021 season.

Leo Hussain
Leo Hussain (born 1978) is a British conductor, known for his wide-ranging repertoire and insightful programming. Following tenures as music director of the Opéra de Rouen and the Salzburger Landestheater, he has worked freelance conducting major orchestras and opera houses in Europe, and is Principal Guest Conductor of the George Enescu Philharmonic. His opera performances have included Bizet's Carmen at the Bavarian State Opera, Korngold's Die tote Stadt at the Théâtre du Capitole, and Weinberg's Die Passagierin at the Oper Frankfurt. He has also conducted outside Europe, for example Capriccio by Richard Strauss at the Santa Fe Opera, as well as concerts in Japan, Australia, New Zealand and the USA.
Duck Lake (Grand Traverse County, Michigan)
Duck Lake (also known as Lake Wahbekaness and formerly Betsey Lake) is a large lake in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Located within Green Lake Township, Grand Traverse County, Duck Lake is one of two lakes the forms the isthmus of Interlochen, the other being Green Lake. Duck Lake and Green Lake form part of the headwaters of the Betsie River, which flows west from Green Lake through Benzie County to Lake Michigan at Frankfort and Elberta. Duck Lake is about 9.5 miles (15.3 km) southwest of Traverse City.

Also between Duck Lake and Green Lake are Interlochen State Park and Interlochen Center for the Arts, a prestigious boarding school.

Frankfort, Michigan
Frankfort is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located within Benzie County, the city sits upon the shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Betsie River. The city had a population of 1,252 at the 2020 census.
Progresses of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots, made three significant progresses in Scotland after her return from France in 1561 and before her marriage to Lord Darnley in 1565. Sources for her movements include letters, financial records, and the account of household expenses held by the National Records of Scotland known as the Despences de la Maison Royale. Travel, especially for the purpose of holding justice courts, was an important component of successful rule in medieval and early modern Scotland.

John Stewart, Commendator of Coldingham
John Stewart, Commendator of Coldingham (1531–1563) was a Scottish landowner.

He was a son of Elizabeth Carmichael (1514–1550) and James V of Scotland.

His mother later married John Somerville of Cambusnethan.