hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitution of the Ukrainian People's Republic
The Constitution of Ukrainian People's Republic (Ukrainian: Конституція Української Народної Республіки, romanized: Konstytutsiia Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky) is a constitutional document approved by the Central Council of Ukraine on April 29, 1918, but never promulgated. Hence the document never acquired the legal power. Nevertheless, it remains an important document from the period of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

The Constitution's main principle was separation of powers. This is not surprising given that it was modeled after democratic constitutions of Europe and the United States.

The constitution was composed of 83 articles, which were divided into 8 sections:

Constitution of France
The current Constitution of France was adopted on 4 October 1958. It is typically called the Constitution of the Fifth Republic (French: la Constitution de la Cinquième République), and it replaced the Constitution of the Fourth Republic of 1946, keeping it's preamble. The current Constitution regards the separation of church and state, democracy, social welfare, and indivisibility as core principles of the French state.

Charles de Gaulle was the main driving force in introducing the new constitution and inaugurating the Fifth Republic, while the text was drafted by Michel Debré. Since then, the constitution has been amended twenty-five times, notably in 2008 and most recently in 2024.
Alarm photosynthesis
Alarm photosynthesis is a variation of photosynthesis where calcium oxalate crystals function as dynamic carbon pools, supplying carbon dioxide (CO2) to photosynthetic cells when stomata are partially or totally closed. This biochemical appendance of the photosynthetic machinery is a means to alleviate the perpetual plant dilemma of using atmospheric CO2 for photosynthesis and losing water vapor, or saving water and reducing photosynthesis. The function of alarm photosynthesis seems to be rather auxiliary to the overall photosynthetic performance. It supports a low photosynthetic rate, aiming at the maintenance and photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus rather than a substantial carbon gain.

Photoprotection
Photoprotection is the biochemical process that helps organisms cope with molecular damage caused by sunlight.  Plants and other oxygenic phototrophs have developed a suite of photoprotective mechanisms to prevent photoinhibition and oxidative stress caused by excess or fluctuating light conditions.  Humans and other animals have also developed photoprotective mechanisms to avoid UV photodamage to the skin, prevent DNA damage, and minimize the downstream effects of oxidative stress.
Libaas
Libaas (lit. 'clothing') is a 1988 Hindi drama film, written and directed by Gulzar. The film based on the short story Seema, published in collected stories in Raavi Paar. It is about married couples of urban India having extramarital relations and adultery. The film won critical acclaim in international film festivals, but has not been released in India to date. There had been only two public screening of Libaas in India, at the 23rd and 45th International Film Festival of India, in 1992 and 2014 respectively.

Azmi notably won the Best Actress Award at the 1992 Pyongyang International Film Festival.

Pyongyang International Film Festival
The Pyongyang International Film Festival (Korean: 평양 국제 영화 축전) is a biennial cultural exhibition held in Pyongyang, North Korea. Until 2002, the film festival was reserved to "non-aligned and other developing countries".
Siege of Sluis (1604)
The siege of Sluis (1604), also known as the Sluis campaign or the Battle of the Oostburg Line, was a series of military actions that took place during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War from 19 May to 19 August 1604. A States and English army under Prince Maurice of Orange and Horace Vere respectively crossed the Scheldt estuary and advanced on land taking Cadzand, Aardenburg, and IJzendijke in the Spanish Netherlands. This soon led to the culmination of the siege of the Spanish-held inland port of Sluis.

Initially it was hoped that with Ostend under siege for three years by the Spanish, an attempted relief by Maurice's army could be achieved. Even though Ostend would finally fall into the hands of the Spanish, Sluis, an important stronghold itself, was eventually captured after tough fighting which included the defeat of a Spanish relief force under Ambrogio Spinola and Luis de Velasco.

Luis de Velasco y Velasco, 2nd Count of Salazar
Luis de Velasco y Velasco, 2nd Count of Salazar, 1st Marquess of Belvedere (Valladolid, Spain, 1559 – Dunkirk, Spanish Netherlands (present-day France), 1625) was a Spanish military commander during the French Wars of Religion and the Eighty Years' War.
Types of swords
This is a list of types of swords. The term sword used here is a narrow definition. This is not a general List of premodern combat weapons and does not include the machete, macuahuitl or similar "sword-like" weapons.

Viking sword
The Viking Age sword (also Viking sword) or Carolingian sword is the type of sword prevalent in Western and Northern Europe during the Early Middle Ages.

The Viking Age or Carolingian-era sword developed in the 8th century from the  Merovingian sword more specifically, the Frankish production of swords in the 6th to 7th century and during the 11th to 12th century in turn gave rise to the knightly sword of the Romanesque period.
HNLMS Poolster (1939)
HNLMS Poolster was a Royal Netherlands Navy auxiliary ship. Originally constructed for the Government Navy as a replacement for HNLMS Hoofdinspecteur Zeeman, she would instead be transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy while still under construction.

Once completed in 1939, she was commissioned into the Royal Netherlands Navy as a seaplane tender and salvage ship. During the Second World War she would also serve as a submarine tender if the opportunity arose.

HNLMS Hoofdinspecteur Zeeman
HNLMS Hoofdinspecteur Zeeman was a steamship of the Dienst der Bebakening en kustverlichting. She was built in the Netherlands and served as beacon ship (Dutch: bebakeningsvaartuig) in the Dutch East Indies. In 1939 the ship was militarized and taken into service of the Royal Netherlands Navy as buoy tender.
2021 WTA Lyon Open – Singles
Clara Tauson defeated Viktorija Golubic in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 2021 WTA Lyon Open. It was her first WTA Tour title, and she won it as a qualifier. Tauson did not lose a set during the tournament, including qualifying rounds, and dropped just 35 games across seven matches. Tauson was the second Dane, after Caroline Wozniacki, to win a WTA Tour singles title. The final match was the first WTA singles final to be contested between two qualifiers since the 2017 Japan Women's Open.

Sofia Kenin was the reigning champion, but chose not to participate after undergoing surgery for appendicitis.

Tereza Martincová
Tereza Martincová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtɛrɛza ˈmarcɪntsovaː]; born 24 October 1994) is a Czech professional tennis player.

Martincová has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and four singles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 14 February 2022, she reached her best WTA singles ranking of No. 40. On 8 August 2022, she peaked at No. 77 in the doubles rankings.
Francisco Sousa Tavares
Francisco José de Sousa Tavares (12 June 1920 – 25 May 1993) was a Portuguese lawyer, journalist and politician. He served as Minister of Quality of Life in the IX Constitutional Government of Portugal, between 1984 and 1985. He is also remembered for his opposition to the Estado Novo regime, being actively involved in Humberto Delgado's 1958 campaign for the Portuguese presidency, and acting as defense lawyer for several political prisoners.

Criminal defense lawyer
A criminal defense lawyer is a lawyer (mostly barristers) specializing in the defense of individuals and companies charged with criminal activity. Some criminal defense lawyers are privately retained, while others are employed by the various jurisdictions with criminal courts for appointment to represent indigent persons; the latter are generally called public defenders. The terminology is imprecise because each jurisdiction may have different practices with various levels of input from country to country. Some jurisdictions use a rotating system of appointments, with judges appointing a private practice attorney or firm for each case.
Richard C. Richardson Jr.
Richard C. Richardson Jr. is an American policy researcher, academic and author. He is an emeritus professor at New York University as well as Arizona State University.

Richardson is most known for his contributions to the fields of higher education quality and diversity, minority access and achievement, and the examination of state and federal policies impacting performance in these and related areas. Among his authored works are publications in academic journals, including Journal of Educational Research and Policy Studies and American Behavioral Scientist, as well as books such as Policy and Performance in American Higher Education: An Examination of Cases across State Systems and Designing State Higher Education Systems For a New Century. He is the recipient of 1988 and 1993 Researcher of the Year Awards from the College of Education at Arizona State University.

American Behavioral Scientist
American Behavioral Scientist is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the fields of social and behavioral sciences. The managing editor is Laura Lawrie. It was established in 1957 by Alfred de Grazia and is currently published by SAGE Publications, who acquired the journal from de Grazia.
Jayabheri
Jayabheri (transl. The Clarion of Victory) is a 1959 Indian Telugu]]-language film directed by P. Pullayya who co-wrote the script with Acharya Aatreya. The film is based on the life of poet Kaasinath and stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Anjali Devi. The film was produced by Vasireddy Narayana Rao with music composed by Pendyala Nageswara Rao.

Jayabheri won the Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Telugu at the 7th National Film Awards. The music from the film was widely played on the radio. The film was simultaneously released in Tamil as Kalaivaanan.

Acharya Aatreya
Acharya Aatreya (born Kilambi Venkata Narasimhacharyulu pronunciationⓘ; 7 May 1921 – 13 September 1989) was an Indian poet, lyricist, playwright, and screenwriter known for his works in Telugu cinema and Telugu theatre. He received the state Nandi Award for Best Lyricist in 1981 for "Andamaina Lokamani" from the film Tholikoodi Koosindi. He is popularly known as Manasu Kavi (transl. Poet of the Heart).
Phyllonorycter kusdasi
Phyllonorycter kusdasi is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in the Mediterranean region from Spain to Turkey.

There are several generations per year.

The larvae feed on Quercus pubescens. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus pubescens
Quercus pubescens (synonyms virgiliana), commonly known as the downy oak, pubescent oak or Italian oak, is a species of white oak (genus Quercus sect. Quercus) native to southern Europe and southwest Asia. It is found from northern Spain (Pyrenees) and France in the West to Turkey and the Caucasus in the East.
Wanted (Alan Jackson song)
"Wanted" is a song written by American country music artist Alan Jackson and Charlie Craig, and recorded by Jackson. It was released in May 1990 as the third single from Jackson's first album, Here in the Real World. The song peaked at number 3 on both the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and the Canadian RPM Country Tracks Chart.

Here in the Real World
Here in the Real World is the debut studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on February 27, 1990, and produced five singles: "Blue Blooded Woman", "Here in the Real World", "Wanted", "Chasin' That Neon Rainbow", and "I'd Love You All Over Again", Jackson's first No. 1 hit.

The track "Home" served as the B-side for several of Jackson's later singles, before he re-released the song in 1995 for his The Greatest Hits Collection album, and finally issued it as a single in 1996. The track "Ace of Hearts" was later recorded by Mark Wills for his self-titled debut album in 1996.
Güroymak
Güroymak (Kurdish: Norşîn, from Armenian: Նորշեն, Norshen) is a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Güroymak District. Its population is 25,724 (2021).

The town is populated by Kurds of the Bekiran tribe.

Bitlis Province
Bitlis Province (Turkish: Bitlis ili; Armenian: Բաղեշի մարզ, romanized: Bagheshi marz; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Bidlîsê) is a province of eastern Turkey, located to the west of Lake Van. It takes its name from the central city, Bitlis. Its area is 8,294 km2, and its population is 353,988 (2022). The province was part of Moxoene of the Kingdom of Armenia. Before the Armenian genocide, the area was part of the Six Armenian Vilayets and considered part of Western Armenia by Armenians. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. The current Governor of the province is Erol Karaömeroğlu.
National Institute of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment (Colombia)
The National Institute of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, also known as INDERENA, was a Colombian environmental government agency established in 1968 to implement environmental policy and promote green development in Colombia. INDERENA was successful in helping create the environment in government and the acceptance in society to move environmental protection into the national agenda, this led to the creation of child agencies like the National Natural Parks System, and the eventual evolution into the Ministry of Environment in 1993.

Government of Colombia
The Government of Colombia is a unitary presidential republic with separation of powers into an executive, judicial, and legislative branch. The executive is led by the president, who acts as both the head of state and government, the judiciary includes four high courts which manage different fields of the law, and the national legislature is a bicameral congress composed of the senate and chamber of representatives.

The country is principally divided into 32 departments and one capital district.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Colombia a "flawed democracy" in 2024.
Flatbush Avenue
Flatbush Avenue is a major avenue in the New York City Borough of Brooklyn. It runs from the Manhattan Bridge south-southeastward to Jamaica Bay, where it joins the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, which connects Brooklyn to the Rockaway Peninsula in Queens. The north end was extended from Fulton Street to the Manhattan Bridge as "Flatbush Avenue Extension".

Flatbush Avenue, including the extension, is 9.9 miles (15.9 km) long. The avenue is a four-lane street throughout the majority of its run. North of Atlantic Avenue and south of Utica Avenue, it is a six-lane-wide median-divided street.

2 (New York City Subway service)
The 2 Seventh Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the A Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored red since it uses the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through most of Manhattan.

The 2 operates 24 hours daily between 241st Street in Wakefield, Bronx, and Flatbush Avenue–Brooklyn College in Flatbush, Brooklyn; limited rush hour service in the reverse-peak direction originates and terminates at New Lots Avenue in East New York, Brooklyn instead of Flatbush Avenue. Daytime service makes express stops in Manhattan (between 96th and Chambers Streets) and all stops elsewhere; overnight service makes all stops along the full route.

Historically, 2 trains have also run to Crown Heights–Utica Avenue or New Lots Avenue. They ran exclusively on the IRT New Lots Line until 1983, when the 2 was routed to Flatbush Avenue. This is still the case with some rush-hour trains, albeit just to New Lots Avenue.
Volvo 850
The Volvo 850 is a compact executive car that was produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1991 until 1997. Designed by Jan Wilsgaard, the car was introduced in a saloon body style; an estate style was introduced in 1993.

The Volvo 850 was shown for the first time in June 1991, and the car marked a departure for Volvo, featuring multiple unprecedented features for the company; these included a transverse 5-cylinder engine driving the front wheels, a Delta-link rear axle, a side impact protection system, and a self-adjusting front seat belt mechanism.

The Volvo 850 was succeeded by the Volvo S70 and Volvo V70.

Alcantara (material)
Alcantara is the brand name of a synthetic textile with a soft, suede-like microfibre pile, noted for its durability. Alcantara was developed in the 1970s by Miyoshi Okamoto and initially manufactured by the Italian company Alcantara. The term has an Arabic root (Arabic: القنطرة, romanized: al-qantara) and means "the bridge".

Alcantara is produced by combining an advanced spinning process (producing very low denier bicomponent "islands-in-the-sea" fiber) and chemical and textile production processes (needle punching, buffing, impregnation, extraction, finishing, dyeing, etc.) which interact with each other.

Alcantara is commonly seen in automotive applications, as a substitute for leather and vinyl in vehicle interior trim. It is also used in the design, fashion, consumer electronics and marine industries.
Michigan's 14th Senate district
Michigan's 14th Senate district is one of 38 districts in the Michigan Senate. The 14th district was created by the 1850 Michigan Constitution, as the 1835 constitution only permitted a maximum of eight senate districts. It has been represented by Democratic Sue Shink since 2023, succeeding Republican Ruth Johnson.

Ruth Johnson
Ruth Johnson (born January 8, 1955) is an American businesswoman and politician currently serving as a member of the Michigan Senate since 2019. She was the 42nd Secretary of State of Michigan from 2011 to 2019 and a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005. She is a Republican.
Streets of This Town
Streets of This Town is an album by the American musician Steve Forbert, released in 1988. Streets of This Town was Forbert's first album in six years and his first with Geffen Records. It was produced by Garry Tallent.

Geffen Records
Geffen Records (formerly The David Geffen Company from 1980 to 1992 and Geffen Records Inc. from 1993 to 2004) is an American record label owned by Interscope Geffen A&M (IGA), a division of the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1980 by David Geffen, as a music subsidiary of his then film company Geffen Pictures, with financial and distribution support from Warner Bros. Records.

In 1990, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment, which later became part of Universal Music Group (UMG) through acquisitions by Panasonic and Seagram. Since its merger into the Interscope Geffen A&M group in 1999, Geffen has served as a syndicate label within Interscope Records, expanding its catalog through the absorption of other imprints. It has operated as a key platform for new releases, especially following its 2003 expansion and 2017 relaunch. As of 2024, Geffen is part of Universal Music Group's Interscope Capitol Labels Group.
T. H. Mathis House
The T. H. Mathis House, at 612 Church St. in Rockport, Texas, is a historic Greek Revival-style house built in 1867.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.  The residence was long owned by the same family.

It is a one-story five-bay framed cottage on a raised basement, and is a "very refined" late example of Greek Revival style.  Its piano nobile (raised main floor) is approached "by a flaired staircase which intensifies the dramatic effect of the raised entrance. The entrance portico is supported by two pairs of square fluted wooden columns on a plinth base with finely molded capitals. The pilasters at the juncture of the portico and the main block of the house repeat the design of the columns, as do the corner pilasters on the east or main facade."  Its entry doorway has sidelights and a transom.

The house was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey.

Transom (architecture)
In architecture, a transom is a transverse horizontal structural beam or bar, or a crosspiece separating a door from a window above it. This contrasts with a mullion, a vertical structural member. Transom or transom window is also the customary U.S. word used for a transom light, the window over this crosspiece. In Britain, the transom light is usually referred to as a fanlight, often with a semi-circular shape, especially when the window is segmented like the slats of a folding hand fan. A prominent example of this is at the main entrance of 10 Downing Street, the official residence of the prime minister of the United Kingdom.
Notable American Women, 1607–1950
Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary is a three-volume biographical dictionary published in 1971. Its origins lay in 1957 when Radcliffe College librarians, archivists, and professors began researching the need for a version of the Dictionary of American Biography dedicated solely to women.: xi

Gail Laughlin
Abbie "Gail" Hill Laughlin (May 7, 1868 – March 13, 1952) was an American lawyer, suffragist, an expert for the United States Industrial commission, and a member of the Maine State Senate. She was the first woman from Maine to practice law. She was the National Vice Chair of the women's suffrage movement and the President of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs. She was posthumously inducted into the Maine Women's Hall of Fame in 1991.
Independence Centenary International Exposition
The Independence Centenary International Exposition (Portuguese: Exposição Internacional do Centenário da Independência) was a World Expo held in Rio de Janeiro from September 7, 1922 to March 23, 1923, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Brazil's Independence. The expo happened during the Epitácio Pessoa Administration and was regarded as an opportunity to show off Brazil's growing industries and commercial opportunities. The Expo's pavilions were constructed alongside the Rio Branco Avenue and built just for the occasion.

A total of 14 countries from 3 continents took part in this edition of the Expo.

Over 3,000,000 people attended the event.

Avenida Rio Branco
Rio Branco Avenue (Portuguese: Avenida Rio Branco), formerly Avenida Central, is a major road in downtown Rio de Janeiro. It was built as the leading brand of the urban reform carried out by the mayor Pereira Passos in early 20th century.

It is one of the main thoroughfares of the city, being the scene of many important events.
2022 Tennis in the Land – Doubles
Nicole Melichar-Martinez and Ellen Perez defeated Anna Danilina and Aleksandra Krunić in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 Tennis in the Land.

Shuko Aoyama and Ena Shibahara were the reigning champions, but Shibahara competed in Granby instead. Aoyama partnered Chan Hao-ching, but lost in the semifinals to Melichar-Martinez and Perez.

Nicole Melichar-Martinez
Nicole Melichar-Martinez (née Melichar; Czech: Nicole Melicharová, Czech pronunciation: [ˈmɛlɪxarovaː]; born July 29, 1993) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. On 3 July 2023, she peaked at world No. 6 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Melichar won a title in mixed doubles at the 2018 Wimbledon Championships with Austrian partner Alexander Peya.
She has also won 17 WTA Tour doubles titles as well as two 125 titles on the WTA Challenger Tour.

In singles, she has reached a career-high singles ranking of No. 400 in 2012 and has won two ITF titles.