hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wray (lenses)
Wray (Optical Works) Ltd. was a British camera and lens manufacturer based in Ashgrove Road, Bromley, Kent, UK. It operated from 1850 to 1971, making lenses for cameras, photographic enlargers, reconnaissance, mapping, microchip replication, and an anamorphic projection system for cinemas. It also made binoculars.

Bromley
Bromley is a large town in Greater London, England, within the London Borough of Bromley. It is 9+1⁄2 miles (15 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross, and had an estimated population of 88,000 as of 2023.

Originally part of Kent, Bromley became a market town, chartered in 1158. Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the shift from an agrarian village to an urban town. As part of the growth of London's conurbation in the 20th century, Bromley Town significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903 and became part of the London Borough of Bromley in 1965. Bromley today forms a major retail and commercial centre. It is identified in the London Plan as one of the 13 metropolitan centres of Greater London.
Besbicus heldae
Besbicus heldae, formerly Cynips heldae, also known as the thorny gall wasp or thorn gall wasp, is an uncommon species of cynipid wasp that induces bud galls on Oregon oak and valley oak trees on the west coast of North America. Fresh gall are rose pink, measure 6–16 mm in diameter, and have a "mealy-granular" surface and possibly overlapping, disorderly looking "spikes". Galls are detachable and turn brown as they age. This gall superficially resembles the galls induced by Burnettweldia corallina or Cynips quercusechinus.

Gall
Galls (from the Latin galla, 'oak-apple') or cecidia (from the Greek kēkidion, anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls can be such highly organized structures that their cause can be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology.
Shahzad Kashmiri
Shahzad Kashmiri (Urdu: شہزاد كشميري) is a Pakistani television and film director, cinematographer and producer.

Kashmiri is best known for his work as a cinematographer in Hum TV drama serials such as Humsafar, Bilqees Kaur, Maat, Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu, Zard Mausam, and as a director in Yaqeen Ka Safar, Sabaat  and Parizaad. Kashmiri was awarded Hum Honorary Phenomenal Serial Award for his work on Humsafar.

Humsafar
Humsafar (Urdu: ہم سفر, lit. 'Companion or Life Partner') is a 2011 Pakistani television series based on the novel of the same name by Farhat Ishtiaq (who also wrote the screenplay) and directed by Sarmad Sultan Khoosat. It stars Fawad Khan, Mahira Khan, and Naveen Waqar in lead roles and Atiqa Odho, Hina Khawaja Bayat, Behroze Sabzwari and Noor Hassan Rizvi in supporting roles. The series was first broadcast on 24 September 2011 on Hum TV.

Humsafar became the most successful program on the channel at the time, earning it widespread acclaim and international recognition. Due to its success, critics referred to this era of Pakistani television as a "Golden Age". It was claimed as the highest-rated serial of its time in Pakistan, with the TRPs of 10.71, peaking at 13.9 TRPs.
Carl Mooers
Carl Mooers (September 29, 1929 – January 24, 1994) was a businessman and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented York in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1967 to 1974 as a Progressive Conservative member.

He was born in Fredericton, New Brunswick, the son of Wilmot F. Mooers and Lily E. Culliton. Mooers studied at a business college there. In 1949, he married Shirley Margaret Patstone. They gave birth to three children, Wilmot Fraser, Sheila Margaret and Carl Michael. The two were divorced and Carl's second wife was Marit Helgerud (from Norway). They also had three children, sons; Arne Oyvind, Erik Andreas and Morten Magnus.

Mooers served in the province's Executive Council as Minister of Supply and Services from 1972 to 1974. He owned Treeland, Hayland (lumber and mill) and was the builder/owner of the province's first Mercedes dealership, among other ventures.

Mooers died in January 1994.

Department of Government Services (New Brunswick)
The Department of Government Services is a part of the Government of New Brunswick.  It is charged with providing central services, including purchase of goods and services, provincial archives, corporate marketing services, translation and printing, to government departments and agencies. It also oversees the Crown agencies Service New Brunswick and the New Brunswick Internal Services Agency.

Part of the Department of Public Works and Highways until 1967, it was known as the Department of Public Works until 1972, and the Department of Supply and Services until 2012.  In 2012, its ceded responsibility for maintenance of government buildings to the Department of Transportation and Infrastructure and took on responsibility for corporate marketing for the government.
Coma (optics)
In optics (especially telescopes), the coma (/ˈkoʊmə/), or comatic aberration, in an  optical system refers to aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens or other components that results in off-axis point sources such as stars appearing distorted, appearing to have a tail (coma) like a comet. Specifically, coma is defined as a variation in magnification over the entrance pupil.  In refractive or diffractive optical systems, especially those imaging a wide spectral range, coma can be a function of wavelength, in which case it is also a form of chromatic aberration.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Fez Shore
Fez Shore (also known as Fez Technopark) is a dedicated nearshore business park located in Fez, Morocco. Developed by MedZ, a subsidiary of the CDG Group (Caisse de Dépôt et de Gestion), the park is designed to host companies specializing in ITO (Information Technology Outsourcing) and BPO (Business Process Outsourcing).

Business process outsourcing
Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a subset of outsourcing in which a company contracts the operations and responsibilities of a specific business process to a third-party service provider.

BPO offers organizations significant advantages, including increased flexibility, cost efficiency, and a sharper focus on core competencies. By transforming fixed costs into variable costs, companies can accelerate business processes and leverage specialized expertise from third-party providers. Challenges also arise from unclear contracts, changing requirements, unmet service levels, and over-dependence on providers.
Penreshnes
Penreshnes or Penreshnas was an ancient Egyptian secondary queen consort of pharaoh Shoshenq I, the founder of the 22nd Dynasty.: 181 : 299

A daughter of an unnamed Libyan chief, her name perhaps means “our joy (pertains) to her”.: 296 : 215  Penreshnes borne prince Nimlot B who was later appointed Commander of all the infantry at Herakleopolis Magna by his father.: 256–7

Penreshnes is known from a number of documents, particularly by a statue of his son of unknown provenience now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna (ÄS 5791)

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Marie Equi
Marie Equi (April 7, 1872 – July 13, 1952) was an early American medical doctor devoted to providing care to working-class and poor patients. She regularly provided birth control information and abortions at a time when both were illegal. She became a political activist and advocated civic and economic reforms, including women's right to vote and an eight-hour workday. After being clubbed by a policeman in a 1913 workers' strike, Equi aligned herself with anarchists and the radical labor movement.

Equi was a lesbian in a relationship with Harriet Frances Speckart (1883 – May 15, 1927) for more than a decade. The two women adopted an infant and raised the child in an early example of same-sex parenting in the United States. For her radical politics and same-sex relations, Equi battled discrimination and harassment. In 1918, Equi was convicted under the Sedition Act for speaking against U.S. involvement in World War I. She was sentenced to a three-year term at San Quentin State Prison.

Eight-hour day movement
The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement that appeared in various countries to regulate the length of a working day. The goal was preventing excesses and abuses of working time.

The modern movement originated in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. At that time, the working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, the work week was typically six days, and child labour was common. Since the 19th century, the eight-hour workday has been gradually adopted in various countries and industries, with widespread adoption occurring in the first half of the 20th century.
Archie Hill
Arthur "Archie" Hill (3 May 1928 – 1986) was a writer, broadcaster and photographer who came from the English Black Country, a region which provided the central theme for his work. His writing included acclaimed autobiographical books as well as novels, radio plays, television scripts and journalism. The pinnacle of his broadcasting career was a four-part 1974 BBC TV series called Archie Hill Comes Home.

He was described by writer Michael Pearson as: hugely talented … very rough Black Country with a lived-in face. An alcoholic with suicidal tendencies, he was said to be programmed to self-destruct, but always had a smile and a twinkle in his eye."

He died by suicide in 1986.

Black Country
The Black Country is a loosely defined area of England's West Midlands. It is mainly urban, covering most of the Dudley and Sandwell metropolitan boroughs, with the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall and the City of Wolverhampton. The 14-mile (23 km) road between Wolverhampton and Birmingham was described as "one continuous town" in 1785.

The area was one of the Industrial Revolution's birthplaces. Its name was first recorded in the 1840s, and derives either from the 30 foot (9.1 m) thick coal seam close to the surface or the production of coal, coke, iron, glass, bricks and steel which produced high levels of soot and air pollution.
Begumgonj Textile Engineering College, Noakhali
The Textile Engineering College, Noakhali (Bengali: টেক্সটাইল ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং কলেজ, নোয়াখালী) [TECN] is a textile engineering institute situated in Noakhali, Bangladesh, and affiliated with Bangladesh University of Textiles, which offers a B.Sc. in Textile Engineering degree.

TECN is one of the eight textile engineering colleges in Bangladesh which are collectively funded and controlled by the Directorate of Textiles, Ministry of Textiles and Jute.

Ministry of Textiles and Jute
Ministry of Textiles and Jute (Bengali: বস্ত্র ও পাট মন্ত্রণালয়, Pronounce: Bostro ō pāṭ Montronaloy) is Bangladesh's governmental parent agency for the country's Department of Textiles and Directorate General of Jute, together which are responsible for the promotion, development and regulation of its textile industry and jute sector.
Geoffrey Paxton
The Reverend Geoffrey J. Paxton has been an ordained minister in the Anglican Church of Australia. He is a graduate of Australian College of Theology and the University of Queensland. He tutored in the history of Christian thought at the University of Queensland, and in Greek and New Testament studies in the Brisbane College of Theology. Paxton traveled extensively in the United States, Britain, South Africa, the Philippines and New Zealand lecturing in Reformation theology. He has also held classes on homiletics (preaching) for over a decade.

Homiletics
In religious studies, homiletics (Ancient Greek: ὁμιλητικός homilētikós, from homilos, "assembled crowd, throng") is the application of the general principles of rhetoric to the specific art of public preaching. One who practices or studies homiletics may be called a homilist, or more simply, a preacher.
M. Sinthanai Selvan
Mahimainathan Sinthanai Selvan is an Indian politician who is a Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He was elected from Kattumannarkoil as a Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi candidate in 2021.

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (transl. Liberation Panther Party; abbr. VCK), formerly known as the Dalit Panthers of India or the Dalit Panthers Iyyakkam (transl. Dalit Panthers Movement; abbr. DPI), is an Indian social movement and political party that seeks to combat caste based discrimination, active in the state of Tamil Nadu. The party also has a strong emphasis on Tamil nationalism. Its chair is Thol. Thirumavalavan, a lawyer from Chennai, and its general secretary is the writer Ravikumar.
American Academy of Political and Social Science
The American Academy of Political and Social Science (AAPSS) was founded in 1889 to promote progress in the social sciences.  Sparked by Professor Edmund J. James and drawing from members of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, Swarthmore College, and Bryn Mawr College, the Academy sought to establish communication between scientific thought and practical effort. The goal of its founders was to foster, across disciplines, important questions in the realm of social sciences, and to promote the work of those whose research aimed to address important social problems. Today the AAPSS is headquartered at the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and aims to offer interdisciplinary perspectives on important social issues.

Annenberg Public Policy Center
The Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) is a center for the study of public policy at the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. It has offices in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, where the University of Pennsylvania is located.
Nancy Drew: Mystery of the Seven Keys
Video games portal

Mystery of the Seven Keys is the 34th installment of the Nancy Drew point-and-click adventure game series by HeR Interactive. The game takes on the first-person view of Nancy Drew and must solve the mystery by questioning suspects, solving puzzles, and discovering clues. The game has two levels of difficulty: Amateur sleuth and Master sleuth. The Amateur sleuth's difficulty offers a task list and gives the possibility of hints in-game, compared to the Master sleuth option which has no task list, no hints, and more challenging puzzles. This is the first game of the series that offers a dual navigation system: point-and-click and free-roam. It has an ESRB rating of E10+ for moments of mild violence. It is loosely based on the 83rd novel from the Nancy Drew Files series, Diamond Deceit.

The Nancy Drew Files
The Nancy Drew Files, or the Nancy Drew Case Files, is a detective fiction series started in 1986 and released by Simon & Schuster, New York. It is a spin-off of the original series of novels featuring Nancy Drew, with a greater emphasis on adventure, malice and romance. All the books have been written under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. This series has been targeted at readers who are age eleven and up. With a new book released almost every month, 124 titles were released in 11 years. More than 17 million copies are in print and the books have appeared on the bestseller lists of Publishers Weekly, B. Dalton, and Waldenbooks. In 2014, Simon & Schuster started releasing this series in eBook format.
Epe, North Rhine-Westphalia
Epe is a village in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the Dutch border, approx. 10 km east of Enschede. It has been part of the municipality of Gronau since 1975. Epe has a population of about 16,000 and is located on the Dinkel River.

Dinkel (river)
The Dinkel is a river in Germany and the Netherlands, left tributary of the Vecht. Its total length is 89 km (55 mi), of which 47 km (29 mi) in Germany. The Dinkel originates in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, between Ahaus and Coesfeld. It flows north to Gronau, crosses the border with the Netherlands (Overijssel), flows through Losser, Denekamp, and recrosses the border to Germany (Lower Saxony). The Dinkel joins the Vechte in Neuenhaus.

Jacob van Ruisdael depicted the landscape of the Dinkel and its watermills near Denekamp in his work Two Watermills and an Open Sluice near Singraven. These watermills still exist.

In the Netherlands the river gave name to the village of Overdinkel and to the municipality of Dinkelland.

Near Denekamp some of the waters of the Dinkel are used to regulate the levels of the Almelo-Nordhorn canal.
J-Game
J-Game is the seventh studio album by Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai, released on April 25, 2005, by Sony BMG. Produced by Jamie Hsueh, Jack Chou, Bing Wang, and Adia, the album blends a rich variety of musical styles, including pop, hip-hop, electronic, old-school, disco, and Chinese traditional elements.

The album sold over 260,000 copies in Taiwan and surpassed 1.2 million copies across Asia. It ranked as the second best-selling album of the year in Taiwan and was the top-selling album by a female artist in 2005.

Global Chinese Music Awards
The Global Chinese Music Awards (abbreviated as GCMA) (Chinese: 全球华语歌曲排行榜颁奖典礼) is a music awards founded by seven Mandarin radio stations in 2001, including Hit FM, RTHK, East Radio Pop, Radio Guangdong, Beijing Yinyue Tai, Y.E.S. 93.3FM, and 988 FM.
Nur Farah Hirsi
Nur Farah Hirsi is a Somali politician. He is the former Minister of Ports and Marine Transport of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 6 February 2015 by the now former Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke.

Omar Sharmarke
Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (pronunciationⓘ; Somali: Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, Arabic: عمر شرماركي) (born 18 June 1960), popularly known as Omar Sharmarke, is a Somali diplomat and politician. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Prime Minister of Somalia. He subsequently briefly served as Somalia's Ambassador to the United States in 2014. In December 2014, Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister of Somalia. His term ended on 1 March 2017, and he was replaced by Hassan Ali Khaire.
Tiffin School
Tiffin School is a boys' grammar school in Kingston upon Thames, England. It has specialist status in both the performing arts and languages. The school moved from voluntary aided status to become an Academy School on 1 July 2011. Founded in 1880, Tiffin School educates 1,400 pupils as of March 2023.

Voluntary aided school
A voluntary aided school (VA school) is a state-funded school in England and Wales in which a foundation or trust (usually a religious organisation) contributes to building costs and has a substantial influence in the running of the school. In most cases the foundation or trust owns the buildings. 
Such schools have more autonomy than voluntary controlled schools, which are entirely funded by the state. In some circumstances local authorities can help the governing body in buying a site, or can provide a site or building free of charge.

Originally the term is derived from the funding of the schools through voluntary subscriptions and contributions. Although it is also the case that these are schools previously independent of local or national government that volunteered to be aided by the state.

Hong Kong's education system also has aided (Chinese: 資助) schools.
Jonas Hinnfors
Ivar Per Jonas Hinnfors (born 27 June 1956 in Ystad), is a Swedish professor of political science. He received his doctorate in 1992 at the University of Gothenburg, where he became a professor of political science in 2007.

University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a public university in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and, with 53,624 students and 6,707 staff members, it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.
Atala (district)
61°30′10.1″N 23°54′24.8″E﻿ / ﻿61.502806°N 23.906889°E﻿ / 61.502806; 23.906889

Atala is a neighbourhood in the northeast part of the city of Tampere, Finland, a few kilometers to the east from the border of the Kangasala city. Its neighboring neighborhoods are Holvasti in the south, Linnainmaa in the southwest and Tasanne in the north. The district was named after Ata Oy, which was founded in 1937 and manufactures spiral bevel gears.

In the Atala district, there is a small shopping center with K-Market grocery store, pharmacy and barber's shop, primary school with grades 1–6, and two kindergartens. The services of the health center were transferred to the Linnainmaa district in 2017. The building stock of the Atala district currently consists mainly of terraced and detached houses built since the 1980s. Some older settlements, such as front houses, have also been preserved in the area.

Single-family detached home
A single-family detached home – also called a single-detached dwelling, single-family residence (SFR), separate house, or other similar terms – is a free-standing residential building. It is defined in opposition to a multi-family residential dwelling.
Shokhino
Shokhino (Russian: Шохино) is a rural locality (a village) in Lyakhovskoye Rural Settlement, Melenkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 29 in 2010, and went down to a population of 16 people in 2021, according to the census. There are 2 streets.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.