hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plasmon
In physics, a plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. Just as light (an optical oscillation) consists of photons, the plasma oscillation consists of plasmons. The plasmon can be considered as a quasiparticle since it arises from the quantization of plasma oscillations, just like phonons are quantizations of mechanical vibrations. Thus, plasmons are collective (a discrete number) oscillations of the free electron gas density. For example, at optical frequencies, plasmons can couple with a photon to create another quasiparticle called a plasmon polariton.

The field of study and manipulation of plasmons is called plasmonics.

Coupling (physics)
In physics, coupling is when two objects are interacting with each other, that is they are not independent. In classical mechanics, coupling is a connection between two oscillating systems, such as pendulums connected by a spring. The connection affects the oscillatory pattern of both objects. In particle physics, two particles are coupled if they are connected by one of the four fundamental forces.
Anand Yalvigi
Anand Yalvigi (born 9 February 1975) is a former Indian cricketer. He played as a right-hand batsman and right-arm off break bowler. He made his debut in First-class cricket on 4 November 1996 in a Ranji Trophy match for Mumbai against Saurashtra. Overall he has played 29 First-class cricket matches and 14 List A matches.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Lactarius chromospermus
Lactarius chromospermus is a tropical African member of the large milk-cap genus Lactarius in the family Russulaceae, first described scientifically by David Pegler in 1982.

The species is unique both in the genus Lactarius and the family Russulaceae in having a chocolate brown spore print, which also gives the gills a brown colour and lets the fungus resemble species of the genus Agaricus. These distinct features might justify placing the species in its own section or subgenus within Lactarius.

Lactarius chromospermus is found in Miombo woodland, where it probably forms ectomycorrhiza with legumes of the genus Brachystegia. It seems to be a rare species; apart from the original collection made in Zambia, it has also been found in Burundi and Tanzania.

Lactarius chromospermus is not regarded as edible species: In Kirundi, it is known as isigazi, a collective name used for inedible mushrooms.

Milk-cap
Milk-cap (also milk cap, milkcap, or milky) is a common name that refers to mushroom-forming fungi of the genera Lactarius, Lactifluus, and Multifurca, all in the family Russulaceae. The common and eponymous feature of their fruitbodies is the latex ("milk") they exude when cut or bruised. Mushrooms with typical milk-cap characteristics are said to have a lactarioid habit.  Some of them are edible.

Historically, these species were all united in the genus Lactarius, but molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown that they belong in fact to three distinct clades:

Lactarius holds most of the milk-caps known from the Northern hemisphere.

Lactifluus contains mainly tropical species, but also some well known northern milk-caps.

Multifurca contains only one species exuding milk, M. furcata from North and Central America.
Aceituna Campaign
The Aceituna Campaign took place during the Spanish Civil War in 1936. In December 1936, the Nationalists launched an offensive in order to occupy the town of Andújar. The Nationalists occupied 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and defeated the Republican Army at Lopera, but failed to occupy Andújar.

Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Republican faction (Spanish: Bando republicano), also known as the Loyalist faction (Bando leal) or the Government faction (Bando gubernamental), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction of the military rebellion. The name Republicans (republicanos) was mainly used by its members and supporters, while its opponents used the term Rojos (Reds) to refer to this faction due to its left-leaning ideology, including communist and anarchist groups, and the support it received from the Soviet Union.
At the beginning of the war, the Republicans outnumbered the Nationalists by ten-to-one, but by January 1937 that advantage had dropped to four-to-one.
Lassina Traoré
Lassina Chamste Soudine Franck Traoré (born 12 January 2001) is a Burkinabé professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ukrainian Premier League club Shakhtar Donetsk and the Burkina Faso national team.

Ukrainian Cup
The Ukrainian Cup (Ukrainian: Кубок України [ˈkubok ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is an association football national knockout cup competition run by the Ukrainian Association of Football. The competition is conducted almost exclusively among professional clubs. Since the 2003–04 season, the Cup winner qualifies to play the Ukrainian Premier League winner for the Ukrainian Super Cup.
2020 ASB Classic – Men's doubles
Ben McLachlan and Jan-Lennard Struff were the defending champions, but Struff chose not to participate.

McLachlan played alongside Luke Bambridge and successfully defended the title, defeating Marcus Daniell and Philipp Oswald in the final, 7–6(7–3), 6–3.

Luke Bambridge
Luke Bambridge (born 21 January 1995) is a British former tennis player. A doubles specialist, he reached a career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world No. 41 doubles ranking in May 2019.

His career highlights included winning three ATP Tour titles, 7 ATP Challenger Tour titles, 20 ITF doubles titles and 1 ITF singles title.
1985 California Bowl
The 1985 California Bowl, was an American college football bowl game played on December 14, 1985 at Bulldog Stadium in Fresno, California. The game pitted the Fresno State Bulldogs and the Bowling Green Falcons.

Valley Children's Stadium
Valley Children's Stadium, also known as Jim Sweeney Field at Bulldog Stadium, is an outdoor college football stadium in the Western United States, located on the campus of California State University, Fresno, in Fresno, California. It is the home field of the Fresno State Bulldogs, who play in the Mountain West Conference.
Lightwood's law
Lightwood's law is the principle that, in medicine, bacterial infections will tend to localise while viral infections will tend to spread. This is based on the observation that while bacterial sepsis tends, despite affecting the whole body, to have a clear site of origin or 'focus', the opposite may be true of viral infections.  There may be multiple sites across the body which are affected including dermatological manifestations, respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms. It is named for Reginald Cyril Lightwood.

This principle is by no means infallible and in clinical practice a variety of diagnostic tests are used to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections.

Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who has undergone advanced training (typically 4 years beyond medical school) and manages diseases related to skin. Dermatological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, infections, cancers, hair loss, and cosmetic issues are common in the population, and sometimes difficult to diagnose or treat, requiring the services of a dermatologist. In addition to these routine issues, some conditions such as serious burns, angiodema, necrotizing fasciitis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. Dermatological interventions include systemic and topical medications, surgery, radiation, and physical modalities such as cryosurgery or laser therapy.
Kloshe Nanitch Lookout
Kloshe Nanitch Lookout was built in the 1920s as a look out to spot fires in the Lake Crescent area of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington.  The current structure is a replica of this structure, providing views of Lake Crescent, Mount Olympus (Washington), Lake Pleasant (Washington), and the Sol Duc Valley.  It is located within the Olympic National Forest.  The site has picnic tables, vault toilet and garbage facilities.  There is no water available at the site.

Motto: Kloshe Nanitch (Keep a good lookout or ever watch).

In October 2012, the replica lookout was removed due to heavy vandalism and a lack of money to restore it.  It was constructed in 1997 and many people believe that it wasn't very well built to begin with. Even though the structure has been removed, the area is maintained as a viewpoint.

Mount Olympus (Washington)
Mount Olympus, at 7,980 feet (2,430 m), is the tallest and most prominent mountain in the Olympic Mountains of the U.S. state of Washington. Located on the Olympic Peninsula, it is also a central feature of Olympic National Park. Mount Olympus is the highest summit of the Olympic Mountains; however, peaks such as Mount Constance and The Brothers, on the eastern margin of the range, are better known, being visible from the Seattle metropolitan area.
Vasiliadis
Vasileiadis or Vas[s]iliadis (Greek: Βασιλειάδης) is a Greek surname. It is a patronymic surname which literally means "the child of Vasileios". The feminine form is Vasileiadou or Vas[s]iliadou (Βασιλειάδου). Notable people with the surname include:

Aggelos Vassiliadis, Greek footballer

Georgia Vasileiadou (1897–1980), Greek actress

Kostas Vasileiadis (born 1984), Greek basketball player

Pavlos D. Vasileiadis (born 1974), Greek biblical scholar

Petros B. Vassiliadis (born 1945), Greek biblical scholar and Professor Emeritus of the Department of Theology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh)

Sebastian Vasiliadis, Greek-German footballer

Spyridon Vassiliadis (1845–1877), Greek poet and playwright

Yiannis Vasiliadis (1924–2012), Greek politician and naval admiral

Petros Vassiliadis
Petros B. Vassiliadis (Greek: Πέτρος Βασιλειάδης; born 1945) is a Greek biblical scholar and Professor Emeritus of the Department of Theology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), honorary president of the Center of Ecumenical, Missiological and Environmental Studies “Metropolitan Panteleimon Papageorgiou” (CEMES) and the World Conference of Associations and Theological Institutions and Educators (WOCATI).
Kii Mountains
Kii Mountains (紀伊山地, Kii Sanchi) is a mountainous region covering most of the Kii Peninsula. They lie south of the Japan Median Tectonic Line (MTL) in Wakayama, Nara, and Mie prefectures. The mountains are arranged roughly northeast to southwest.

Kii Peninsula
The Kii Peninsula (Japanese: 紀伊半島, Hepburn: Kii Hantō) is the largest peninsula on the island of Honshū, located in the Kansai region of Japan. It is named after the ancient Kii Province. The peninsula has long been a sacred place in Buddhism, Shinto, and Shugendo, and many people would visit from all over Japan as part of the Kumano religious practices.
2023 Canberra Tennis International – Men's doubles
Evan Hoyt and Wu Tung-lin were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

André Göransson and Ben McLachlan won the title after defeating Andrew Harris and John-Patrick Smith 6–3, 5–7, [10–5] in the final.

Ben McLachlan
Ben McLachlan (/məˈklɒxlən/ mə-KLOKH-lən; マクラクラン 勉, Makurakuran Ben; born 10 May 1992) is a Japanese former professional tennis player who previously represented New Zealand.

He is a doubles specialist with a career-high ATP ranking of world No. 18, achieved in November 2018. McLachlan has won seven doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including three at ATP 500 level. He reached his first Grand Slam semifinal at the 2018 Australian Open alongside Jan-Lennard Struff, and has reached four further major quarterfinals in men's and mixed doubles. McLachlan has represented Japan in the Davis Cup since 2017, and also competed at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, reaching the quarterfinals in both men's and mixed doubles.
Siegfried Scherer
Siegfried Scherer (born 7 April 1955, Oberndorf am Neckar) is a German biologist, since 1991 Professor of Microbiology at the Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephan since 1991, where he is Managing Director of the Nutrition and Food Research Center ZIEL. Scherer is not a prominent creationist as often purported. He believes that religion and science are two different ways of approaching reality. He is married to anthropologist Sigrid Hartwig-Scherer.

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
Bini videography
The videography of the Filipino girl group Bini consists of thirty three music videos, two featured videos, and three films. The group also appeared in several television shows and commercials for brands such as Jollibee and Shopee. Bini consists of eight members: Aiah, Colet, Maloi, Gwen, Stacey, Mikha, Jhoanna, and Sheena, and debuted on June 11, 2021, after undergoing two years of training under Star Hunt Academy.

Stacey (singer)
Lindtsey Stacey Aubrey Sevilleja (born July 13, 2003), known mononymously as Stacey, is a Filipino singer, rapper, and dancer under Star Music. She is one of the main rappers of the Filipino girl group Bini.
Title Insurance and Trust Company
The Title Insurance and Trust Company was a title insurance company based in Los Angeles. The company was known for accumulating a notable collection of historic photographs (now in the collection of the California Historical Society) and commissioning writers, such as W. W. Robinson, to write a series of pamphlets about the history of regions and neighborhoods in Southern California.

The Title Insurance and Trust Company building at 433 S. Spring Street, its third sequential headquarters building, was used by the company from 1928 to 1977. It is recognized as an architecturally significant building of downtown Los Angeles. Prior to 1928, the company had offices at 401–11 and at the northwest corner of 8th and Hill, now the site of the }Garfield Building, and at the northeast corner of 8th and Hope and Eighth.

Garfield Building (Los Angeles)
The Garfield Building is a thirteen-story Art Deco style historic structure in Los Angeles, California. Designed by American architect Claud Beelman, construction lasted from 1928 to 1930. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

34°02′41″N 118°15′22″W﻿ / ﻿34.04481221°N 118.25598836°W﻿ / 34.04481221; -118.25598836
Winchester Regional Airport
Winchester Regional Airport (IATA: WGO, ICAO: KOKV, FAA LID: OKV) is three miles southeast of Winchester, in Frederick County, Virginia. It was recognized by the state as a licensed commercial airport in 1937 and was Winchester Municipal Airport until 1987.

Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but this airport is OKV to the FAA and WGO to the IATA (which assigned OKV to Okao Airport in Papua New Guinea).

Frederick County, Virginia
39°13′N 78°16′W﻿ / ﻿39.21°N 78.26°W﻿ / 39.21; -78.26

Frederick County is the northernmost county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 91,419. Its county seat is Winchester. The county was formed in 1743 by splitting Orange County. Frederick County is included in the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area.
Kul Ratna Tuladhar
Kul Ratna Tuladhar, CBE (Nepali: कुलरत्न तुलाधर) (6 July 1918 – 2 March 1984) was the first chief engineer of Nepal's Public Works Department where he served since its establishment in 1951 till 1957. The highlight of his term was the construction of Tribhuvan Highway which opened in 1956. This is Nepal's first highway and links the capital Kathmandu with the Indian border to the south.

Tuladhar also played a major role in the development of engineering education in Nepal's modern history.

Tribhuvan Highway
The Tribhuvan Highway or NH 41(Nepali: त्रिभुवन राजपथ) connects the outskirts of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, with Birganj/Raxaul on the Nepal-India border. NH 28 and NH 28A links Raxaul with Lucknow/Barauni and other locations in India.
Gravely Tractor
Gravely, of Brillion, Wisconsin, is a manufacturer of powered lawn and garden implements which it describes as "walk-behind, zero turn and outfront mowers".  It started as a manufacturer of "walk-behind" or two-wheel tractors.

Mower
A mower is a person or machine that cuts (mows) grass or other plants that grow on the ground. Usually mowing is distinguished from reaping, which uses similar implements, but is the traditional term for harvesting grain crops, e.g. with reapers and combines.

A smaller mower used for lawns and sports grounds (playing fields) is called a lawn mower or grounds mower, which is often self-powered, or may also be small enough to be pushed by the operator. Grounds mowers have reel or rotary cutters.
Larger mowers or mower-conditioners are mainly used to cut grass (or other crops) for hay or silage and often place the cut material into rows, which are referred to as windrows. Swathers (or windrowers) are also used to cut grass (and grain crops).  Prior to the invention and adoption of mechanized mowers, (and today in places where use a mower is impractical or uneconomical), grass and grain crops were cut by hand using scythes or sickles.
Star Trek: Year Four
Star Trek: Year Four is the first of two Star Trek comic book mini-series released by IDW Publishing. The first issue was released on July 26, 2007, with a cover price of $3.99. It featured three variant covers. The series picked up where the original television series left off and told stories set in the fourth year of the original five-year mission.

A follow-up mini-series was titled The Enterprise Experiment, and was written by D.C. Fontana and Derek Chester. Gordon Purcell handled the penciling chores. The series was a sequel to "The Enterprise Incident" and "Errand of Mercy".

The Enterprise Incident
"The Enterprise Incident" is the second episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek. Written by D. C. Fontana and directed by John Meredyth Lucas, it was first broadcast September 27, 1968.

In the episode, the crew of the Enterprise are on a secret mission to steal a Romulan cloaking device.
Capitol South station
Capitol South station is a Washington Metro station in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. The island-platformed station was opened on July 1, 1977, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). The station currently provides service for the Blue, Orange, and Silver Lines.

Orange Line (Washington Metro)
The Orange Line is one of the six rapid transit lines of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 26 stations in Fairfax County and Arlington in Northern Virginia; Washington, D.C.; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The Orange Line runs from Vienna in Fairfax County to New Carrollton in Prince George's County. Half of the line's stations are shared with the Blue Line and all but three stations (Vienna, Dunn Loring, and West Falls Church) are shared with the Silver Line. Orange Line service began on November 20, 1978.

Trains run every 10 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 12 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 15 minutes daily after 9:30 pm.
First Act
First Act was a manufacturer of musical instruments and musical learning toys, that produced guitars, bass guitars, guitar and bass accessories, drum sets, percussion instruments, and amplifiers. Mark Izen founded the company in 1995; its online presence first appeared early in 2000.

Despite being officially based in Boston, Massachusetts, at its peak First Act maintained offices in Bentonville, Hong Kong, and Shenzhen, and a "custom shop" luthiery in Somerville, Massachusetts.

In 2016, First Act was acquired by toy manufacturer Jazwares.

Somerville, Massachusetts
Somerville (/ˈsʌmərvɪl/ SUM-ər-vil) is a city located directly to the northwest of Boston, and north of Cambridge, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 81,045 people. With an area of 4.12 square miles (10.7 km2), the city has a density of 19,671/sq mi (7,595/km2), making it the most densely populated municipality in New England and the 19th most densely populated incorporated municipality in the country. Somerville was established as a town in 1842, when it was separated from Charlestown. In 2006, the city was named the best-run city in Massachusetts by The Boston Globe. In 1972, 2009, and 2015, the city received the All-America City Award. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus along the Somerville and Medford border.
Episcopal Diocese of Newark
The Episcopal Diocese of Newark is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America comprising the northern third of New Jersey in the United States.  The Diocese represents the Anglican Communion, of which the Episcopal Church is a province, and presides over Episcopal parishes, missions, outreach ministries and schools in the New Jersey counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, Warren, and one church in Union County.

The diocese reported 24,890 members in 2015 and 18,245 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 93 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $14,118,644; average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 4,121 persons.

Passaic County, New Jersey
Passaic County (/pəˈseɪ.ɪk/ pə-SAY-ik or locally /pəˈseɪk/ pə-SAYK) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the county was the state's eighth-most-populous county, with a population of 524,118, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 22,892 (+4.6%) from the 2010 census count of 501,226, which in turn reflected an increase of 12,177 (+2.5%) from the 489,049 counted in the 2000 census. The county is part of the North Jersey region of the state.

The most populous place in Passaic County is Paterson, the county seat, with 159,732 residents at the 2020 Census, more than 30% of the county's population, while West Milford covered 80.32 square miles (208.0 km2), the largest total area of any municipality and more than 40% of the county's area.