hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahmet Toçoğlu
Ahmet Toçoğlu (born 13 March 1980 in Sakarya) is a Turkish volleyball player of Fenerbahçe Grundig.  He graduated as a Physical Education and Sports Teacher from Sakarya University. He plays as middle hitter and is 2.01 min in height. Since the 2007-08 season to 2011-12, he has played for Arkas Spor Izmir and wears the number 3. He has played 240 times for the national team as well as playing for Arçelik, Erdemirspor, Ziraat Bankası and Halk Bankası.  
CEV (Challenge Cup) Champions 2009

Adapazarı
Adapazarı (pronounced [ɑˈdɑpɑzɑɾɯ]) is a municipality and the capital district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. Its area is 324 km2, and its population 281,489 (2022). It covers the central and northern part of the agglomeration of Adapazarı and the adjacent countryside.
H. N. Shubhada
Dr. H.N Shubhada is an educationalist from Bangalore. She is the winner of 13 National Awards from NCERT and Kittur Rani Chennamma Award from S. M. Krishna, former Chief Minister of Karnataka for her educational research on special children. She is the co-founder of Bhandhavya Education Trust which is the first of a kind Integrated School in Karnataka.

S. M. Krishna
Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna (1 May 1932 – 10 December 2024) was an Indian politician who served as Minister of External Affairs of India from 2009 to October 2012. He was the 10th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1999 to 2004 and the 19th Governor of Maharashtra from 2004 to 2008. S. M. Krishna served as the Speaker of the Karnataka Vidhana Soudha from December 1989 to January 1993. He was also a Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha member from 1971 to 2014. He is widely credited with putting Bengaluru on the world map by building the foundation for it to become the IT Hub that it is today during his tenure as Chief Minister. In 2023, Krishna was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award of India.
Tax resistance in the United States
Tax resistance in the United States has been practiced at least since colonial times, and has played important parts in American history.

Tax resistance is the refusal to pay a tax, usually by means that bypass established legal norms, as a means of protest, nonviolent resistance, or conscientious objection. It was a core tactic of the American Revolution and has played a role in many struggles in America from colonial times to the present day.

In addition, the philosophy of tax resistance, from the "no taxation without representation" axiom that served as a foundation of the Revolution to the assertion of individual conscience in Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience, has been an important plank of American political philosophy.

Tax resistance
Tax resistance (also known as a tax strike or tax revolt) is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself. Tax resistance is a form of direct action and, if in violation of the tax regulations, also a form of civil disobedience. Tax resisters are distinct from "tax protesters", who deny that the legal obligation to pay taxes exists or applies to them. Tax resisters may accept that some law commands them to pay taxes but they still choose to resist taxation.

Examples of tax resistance campaigns include those advocating home rule, such as the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, and those promoting women's suffrage, such as the Women's Tax Resistance League. War tax resistance is the refusal to pay some or all taxes that pay for war and may be practiced by conscientious objectors, pacifists, or those protesting against a particular war.
Engeyum Kadhal (soundtrack)
Engeyum Kadhal is the soundtrack album to the 2010 film of the same name directed by Prabhu Deva starring Ravi Mohan and Hansika Motwani. The film's music is composed by Harris Jayaraj, with the soundtrack featuring eight songs written by Vaalee, Thamarai, Na. Muthukumar, Madhan Karky, Emcee Jesz, Lady Kash and Jayaraj himself. The album was released under the Sony Music label on 8 November 2010 to positive reviews from critics.

Harris Jayaraj
J. Harris Jayaraj (born 8 January 1975) is an Indian composer from Tamil Nadu. He composes soundtracks predominantly for Tamil films, and has also composed for a few films in Telugu. He has also worked on a few Hindi films that were remakes of his Tamil films.

He has been honoured with Kalaimamani Award from the Government of Tamil Nadu and the Life Time Achievement Award from Konijeti Rosaiah, the Governor of Tamil Nadu. Since 2001, he has won 6 Filmfare Awards South and received 20 Filmfare Awards South nominations. He has also won 6 Mirchi Music Awards, 5 Vijay Awards, 4 Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, 3 International Tamil Film Awards and Big FM Awards.  In 2019, he was bestowed with the Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute Honorary Doctorate of Letters for his significant contributions to Tamil cinema music.
Flat-headed frog
The unrelated corrugated frog (Limnonectes laticeps) of Southeast Asia is occasionally also called "flat-headed frog".

The flat-headed frog (Limnodynastes depressus) is a species of frog in the family Limnodynastidae.
It is endemic to Australia.
Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical dry lowland grassland and freshwater marshes.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Limnodynastidae
Limnodynastidae, commonly known as the Australian ground frogs, is a family of frogs found in Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands. They were formerly considered a subfamily of the Myobatrachidae, the other large radiation of terrestrial frogs in Australia, but are now considered a distinct family. Both Limnodynastidae and Myobatrachidae are thought to be the only members of the superfamily Myobatrachoidea.

The earliest fossils of this group are of Platypectrum casca from the Early Eocene.
Henry Hottinger Collection
Hottinger Collection – formed in New York City by Henry Hottinger (4 February 1885 in New York, NY – 19 March 1979 in Stamford, CT).

Henry Hottinger  was  a founder and member of Wertheim & Co., a firm of Investment Bankers. Hottinger's interest in musical instruments led to him amassing what some regard as some of the best-known collection of rare violins of the mid-20th century.

Hottinger purchased his first violin, an Antonio Stradivari, in 1935. For his collection, he strove to find the most 'outstanding examples' of Cremonese masters, and in the case of Stradivari and Guarneri ‘del Gesù’, one example from each significant period of their production.

In 1967 an illustrated catalogue titled:  R. Wurlitzer: The Henry Hottinger Collection was published following the collection's sale to Rembert Wurlitzer Co, one of the most well established string instrument dealerships of the time. 
30 violins in all were subsequently dispersed across the world.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
Henny Meijer
Henny Ingemar Meijer (born 17 February 1962) is a Dutch former footballer who played as a forward.

Meijer was born in Paramaribo, Suriname.

He is famous for scoring the first ever J1 League goal in the 19th minute of a game against Yokohama Marinos on 15 May 1993.

Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Suriname was a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1954 and 1975. The country had full autonomy, except in areas of defence and foreign policy, and participated on a basis of equality with the Netherlands Antilles and the Netherlands itself in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The country became fully independent as the Republic of Suriname on 25 November 1975.
Roosevelt, Taylor County, Wisconsin
Roosevelt is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 444 at the 2000 census. The village of Lublin lies within the town of Roosevelt. The unincorporated community of Bellinger is also located partially in the town.

Survey township
A survey township, sometimes called a Congressional township or just township, as used by the United States Public Land Survey System and by Canada's Dominion Land Survey is a nominally-square area of land that is nominally six survey miles (about 9.66 km) on a side. Each 36-square-mile (about 93.2 km2) township is divided into 36 sections of one square mile (640 acres, roughly 2.6 km2) each. The sections can be further subdivided for sale.

The townships are referenced by a numbering system that locates the township in relation to a principal meridian (north-south) and a base line (east-west). For example, Township 2 North, Range 4 East is the 4th township east of the principal meridian and the 2nd township north of the base line.
Łęgowo, Olecko County
Łęgowo [wɛnˈɡɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olecko, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Olecko and 133 km (83 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in the region of Masuria.

Olecko County
Olecko County (Polish: powiat olecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and only town is Olecko, which lies 135 kilometres (84 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

When powiats were re-introduced in the Polish local government reforms of 1999, the present Gołdap and Olecko Counties made up a single entity (called powiat olecko-gołdapski or Olecko-Gołdap County). This was divided into two in 2002.

The county covers an area of 873.57 square kilometres (337.3 sq mi). As of 2024 its total population is 31,863, out of which the population of Olecko is 15,617 and the rural population is 16,246.
Li Shuaitai
Li Shuaitai (Chinese: 李率泰; d. 1666), originally named Li Yanling (李延齡), courtesy names Shouchou (壽疇) and Shuda (叔達), posthumous name Zhongxiang (忠襄), was a military commander and official of China's Qing dynasty. He served as the Viceroy of Liangguang between 1653 and 1656, then as the Viceroy of Min-Zhe from 1656 to its partition in 1658, after which he continued as Viceroy of Fujian until 1664.

His father, Li Yongfang, was a Ming general who defected to the Qing.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Karl Stoiber
Karl Stoiber (13 October 1907 – 12 December 1994) was an Austrian football forward. He played six times for Austria, scoring two goals. Stoiber also played for FC Admira Wacker Mödling, Wiener AC, SK Donaufeld Wien and Floridsdorfer AC.

Admira Wacker
Admira Wacker is an Austrian professional football club based in Maria Enzersdorf, a town in the Mödling District of Lower Austria. The team competes in the 2. Liga, the second tier of the Austrian football league system.

The club was formed as Admira/Wacker in 1971 through the merger of SK Admira and SC Wacker, making it the legal successor to both clubs and inheriting their combined titles and achievements. SC Wacker, founded in 1907 in Vienna's Obermeidling district, won the Austrian Championship and Austrian Cup once each. SK Admira, founded in 1905 in the Jedlesee district of Vienna and based in Südstadt since 1967, won eight Austrian Championships, five Austrian Cups, and one Austrian Supercup. Admira's greatest international achievement was reaching the Mitropa Cup final in 1934, while the merged club reached the quarter-finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1990.
Sérgio Jimenez
Sérgio Jimenez (born May 15, 1984, in Piedade, São Paulo State) is a Brazilian racing driver currently competing with Scuderia Chiarelli in the Stock Car Pro Series. He is the 2002 Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil champion, and the 2018-19 Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy champion.

Piedade, São Paulo
Piedade is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The population is 55,542 (2020 est.) in an area of 746.87 km2 (288.37 sq mi). The elevation is 781 m (2,562 ft).

The municipality contains part of the 26,250 hectares (64,900 acres) Jurupará State Park, created in 1992.
Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School is a private school in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

It was founded in 1552 by Edward VI by royal charter, to replace the town's Anglo-Saxon collegiate foundations which were disestablished in the sixteenth century. It is one of the seven public schools in the UK subject to the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of the nine schools reviewed by the Clarendon Commission between 1861 and 1864. The school is notable for being the education site of renowned scientist Charles Darwin.

It was originally founded as a boarding school for boys. In 2008, however, girls were accepted in the sixth form. Since 2015 Shrewsbury School has been a co-educational school. As at Michaelmas Term 2023, Shrewsbury School had 842 pupils: 522 boys and 320 girls. The school has seven boys', and five girls' houses. Alumni of the school are known as Old Salopians.

The present school site, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the south bank of the River Severn.

Shrewsbury Abbey
The Abbey Church of the Holy Cross (commonly known as Shrewsbury Abbey) is an ancient foundation in Shrewsbury, the county town of Shropshire, England.

The Abbey was founded in 1083 as a Benedictine monastery by the Norman Earl of Shrewsbury, Roger de Montgomery. It grew to be one of the most important and influential abbeys in England, and an important centre of pilgrimage. Although much of the Abbey was destroyed in the 16th century, the nave survived as a parish church, and today serves as the mother church for the Parish of Holy Cross.

The Abbey is a Grade I listed building and is a member of the Greater Churches Group. It is located to the east of Shrewsbury town centre, near the English Bridge, and is surrounded by a triangular area which is today referred to as Abbey Foregate.
Ruslan Mashchenko
Ruslan Mikhailovich Mashchenko (Russian: Руслан Михaйлович Мащенко; born November 11, 1971, in Voronezh) is a retired hurdler and sprinter from Russia. He is best known for winning two silver medals at the European Athletics Championships during his career (1998 and 2002). Along with Aleksandr Ladeyshchikov, Boris Gorban, and Andrey Semyonov, he won a silver medal in the 4 × 400 m relay at the 2001 World Indoor Championships . He represented his native country in three consecutive Summer Olympics (1996, 2000 and 2004), and set his personal best (48.06 s) in the men's 400 metres hurdles on 13 June 1998 in Helsinki, Finland.

Voronezh
Voronezh (/vəˈroʊnɪʃ, -ˈrɒn-/ və-ROH-nish, -⁠RO-; Russian: Воронеж, IPA: [vɐˈronʲɪʂ] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia, straddling the Voronezh River 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising to 1,057,681 in the 2021 Census, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census, making it the 14th-most populous city in the country.
Tanjakot Rural Municipality
Tanjakot (Nepali: ताँजाकोट गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Humla District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

The rural municipality is divided into total 5 wards and the headquarters of the rural municipality is situated at Maila.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
1904 Bingara state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bingara on 14 September 1904 because Samuel Moore had been appointed Secretary for Mines in the Carruthers ministry. Until 1904, members appointed to a ministerial position were required to face a by-election. These were generally uncontested. On this occasion a poll was required in Bingara, Glebe (James Hogue) and Tenterfield (Charles Lee) and all were comfortably re-elected. The four other ministers, Joseph Carruthers (St George), James Ashton (Goulburn), Broughton O'Conor (Sherbrooke) and Charles Wade (Gordon), were re-elected unopposed.

James Hogue (politician)
James Alexander Hogue (2 September 1846 – 2 August 1920) was an Australian journalist and politician.

He was born at Clarence Town to miller Fitzarthur Hogue and Elizabeth McKay. He attended Newcastle Church of England Grammar School and was briefly a pupil teacher before becoming a compositor, then taking a job as a parliamentary reporter in 1875. On 17 April 1878 he married Jessie Robards at Clarence Town; they would have ten children.

In 1894 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Free Trade member for Glebe. In 1898 he was appointed Minister of Public Instruction and Minister for Labour and Industry, serving until 1899. He was Colonial Secretary from 1904 to 1907 and Minister of Public Instruction from 1907 to 1910, when he lost his seat.

Hogue died at Mosman in 1920 and was buried at Waverley Cemetery.

Hogue Place, in the Canberra suburb of Gilmore, is named in his and his son Oliver Hogue's honour.
Muizon station
Muizon station (French: Gare de Muizon) is a railway station located in the French municipality of Muizon, in the département of Marne. It is served by TER Grand Est trains between Reims and Fismes (line C11) operated by the SNCF.

Fismes
Fismes (French pronunciation: [fim] ⓘ) is a commune in the Marne department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

The commune has been awarded three flowers in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
Colin Frangicetto
Colin Frangicetto (born July 3, 1981) is a musician and painter from Langhorne, Pennsylvania. He is currently one of two guitarists in the experimental rock outfit Circa Survive, sole musician in Psychic Babble and previously in the band This Day Forward.

Blue Sky Noise
Blue Sky Noise is the third studio album by American rock band Circa Survive, released on April 20, 2010 through Atlantic Records. It serves as the band's first release after departing from Equal Vision Records, and is a follow-up to their second studio album, On Letting Go (2007).
Cihan University (Erbil)
Cihan University (Kurdish: زانكۆى جیهان, Arabic: جامعة جيهان) is an educational institution in Erbil, capital of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It was established in 2007 by the A University Company for Scientific Investment which is a part of Cihan Group. Cihan is the first private university in the Kurdistan Region. It is accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Kurdistan, and is a member of the Association of Arab Universities Union (AARU).

Cihan University students, faculty and staff study, work and live on three campuses: Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Duhok. In 2014, the university offered courses in 12 departments.

In 2011, a campus of Cihan University in Sulaimaniya was approved by the Kurdish Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Reference Number: N302, 12-May-2011, KRG).

In 2017, Cihan University-Erbil obtained full accreditation from the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Iraq)
The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHESR) is a central government ministry of Iraq responsible for higher education and scientific research. It monitors the work of universities and allocates their budgets. It is also responsible for the sponsorship of Iraqi students to study in overseas universities in Britain, the United States, Australia, and other countries, and has consulates in those places as well.
Polanka Horyniecka
Polanka Horyniecka [pɔˈlaŋka xɔrɨˈɲɛt͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Horyniec-Zdrój, within Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

The village was established in the course of Josephine colonization by German Roman Catholic and Calvinist settlers in 1785.

Lubaczów County
Lubaczów County (Polish: powiat lubaczowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Lubaczów, which lies 81 kilometres (50 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów. The county contains three other towns: Oleszyce, 7 km (4 mi) west of Lubaczów, Narol, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Lubaczów, and Cieszanów, 12 km (7 mi) north of Lubaczów.

The county covers an area of 1,308.37 square kilometres (505.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 55,438, out of which the population of Lubaczów is 12,018, that of Oleszyce is 2,974, that of Narol is 2,071, that of Cieszanów is 1,913, and the rural population is 36,462.
Millions (novel)
Millions is a novel published early in 2004, the first book by British screenwriter Frank Cottrell Boyce. It is an adaptation of his screenplay for the film Millions, although it was released six months before the film (September). Set in England just before British adoption of the euro (a fictional event) the story features two boys who must decide what to do with a windfall in expiring currency.

Cottrell Boyce won the annual Carnegie Medal from the British librarians, recognising the year's best children's book published in the UK. Millions was an integral part of the annual Liverpool Reads campaign in his home city.

United Kingdom and the euro
The United Kingdom did not seek to adopt the euro as its official currency for the duration of its membership of the European Union (EU), and secured an opt-out at the euro's creation via the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, wherein the Bank of England would only be a member of the European System of Central Banks.

United Kingdom opinion polls showed that the majority of British people were against adopting the euro; and in a June 2016 referendum, the United Kingdom voted to withdraw from the EU, significantly reducing any chance of future adoption. On 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom left the EU.

Despite never being a member of the eurozone, the euro is used in Akrotiri and Dhekelia and is widely accepted in Gibraltar and Northern Ireland. Furthermore, during its membership in the EU, London was home to the majority of the euro's clearing houses.