hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N-ary group
In mathematics, and in particular universal algebra, the concept of an n-ary group (also called a polyadic group, an n-group, or a multiary group) is a generalization of the concept of a group to a set G with an n-ary operation instead of a binary operation.   By an n-ary operation is meant any map f: Gn → G from the n-th Cartesian power of G to G.  The axioms for an n-ary group are defined in such a way that they reduce to those of a group in the case n = 2.  The earliest work on these structures was done in 1904 by Kasner and in 1928 by Dörnte; the first systematic account of (what were then called) polyadic groups was given in 1940 by Emil Leon Post in a famous 143-page paper in the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society.

Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
The Transactions of the American Mathematical Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of pure and applied mathematics published by the American Mathematical Society. It was established in 1900. As a requirement, all articles must be more than 15 printed pages. Its ISSN number is 0002-9947.
Purple sea urchin
Purple sea urchin can refer to one of several species of sea urchin:

Arbacia punctulata, a species of sea urchin from the family Arbaciidae commonly known as the Atlantic purple sea urchin

Paracentrotus lividus, a species of sea urchin in the family Parechinidae commonly known as the purple sea urchin

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a species of sea urchin in the family Strongylocentrotidae commonly known as the purple sea urchin

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is a species of sea urchin in the family Strongylocentrotidae, which is commonly known as the purple sea urchin. It lives along the eastern edge of the Pacific Ocean extending from Ensenada, Mexico, to British Columbia, Canada.

After one of its main predators, the sea otter, experienced a population decline, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus became a threat to the health of kelp forests as its own population boomed. The species is also used as a model organism and its genome was the first echinoderm genome to be sequenced.
Tumbridge & Co.
Tumbridge & Co. was a stockbroker. It was one of the earliest brokerage firms that specialized in the trade of options. The firm was headquartered at 39 Wall Street.

In 1875, the company published a 48-page booklet titled Secrets of Success in Wall Street, which aimed to educate and attract investors to trade options. It described the workings of the New York Stock Exchange and the over-the-counter options market.

The options traded at Tumbridge & Co. were American options, which went by the name "stock privileges". Equity options included both call options and put options. Option strategies included option spreads and straddles. Each option contract represented 100 shares of an underlying stock, and matured in 30 days. Tumbridge always charged $100 as cost of a call or a put and $6.25 for broker's commissions for each leg of the trade.

Broker
A broker is a person or entity that arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller. This may be done for a commission when the deal is executed. A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. Neither role should be confused with that of an agent—one who acts on behalf of a principal party in a deal.
Pluit Village
Pluit Village is a shopping center located on Jl. Pluit Indah Raya, Pluit, Penjaringan, North Jakarta, Indonesia.

Built on an area of 21 hectares (52 acres) with lakeside view, Pluit village is a shopping center which was previously known as Mega Mall Pluit. Then in 2008, PT. Lippo Karawaci Tbk entered as a new manager and this mall was renamed Pluit Village. Some of the famous tenants in this mall include Matahari department Store, Carrefour, Best Denki, Muji Timezone, Amazone, Playtopia, Cinépolis, Anytime Fitness, and MR. DIY.

The Mall is located on Jl. Pluit Indah Raya and has a strategic location as it is close to arterial road and toll gate. Pluit Village has a large parking area that can accommodate 2300 cars and 2150 motorcycles.

Anytime Fitness
Anytime Fitness Franchisor, LLC, doing business as Anytime Fitness, is an American franchise of 24 hour health and fitness clubs that is based in Woodbury, Minnesota, United States. The company operates over 5,000 franchised locations in 50 countries. In 2014, Anytime Fitness was named the top franchise of 2014 by Entrepreneur magazine.

The parent company of Anytime Fitness merged with Orangetheory Fitness in 2024.
Anavatti
Anavatti  is a town in the Shivamogga district of Karnataka, India. Anavatti was previously known as Ane Hatti (transl. elephants sanctuary) during the Kadamba dynasty.

Anavatti is well known for the Kaitabheshwara Temple and an ancient Kotilingeshwara Temple located on the northern outskirts of time. It is on the border of 3 districts (Uttara Kannada, Shivamogga and Haveri). The main language spoken in Anavatti is Kannada and there is a great deal of religious diversity.

Uttara Kannada
Uttara Kannada is the fifth largest district in the Indian state of Karnataka, It is bordered by the state of Goa and Belagavi districts to the north, Dharwad District and Haveri District to the east, Shivamogga District, and Udupi District to the south, and the Laccadive Sea to the west. Karwar is the district headquarters, and Sirsi is the major commercial center in the district.
The district's agroclimatic divisions include the coastal plain consisting of Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar, Bhatkal taluks and Malenadu consisting of Sirsi, Siddapur, Yellapur, Haliyal, Dandeli, Joida, Mundgod taluks.
Somewhere Along the Way
"Somewhere Along the Way" is a popular song. The music was written by Jimmy Van Heusen, under the pseudonym Kurt Adams, with lyrics by Sammy Gallop. The sheet music was published in 1952.

The original recording by Nat King Cole was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 2069. It first reached the Billboard Best Seller chart on May 23, 1952 and lasted 22 weeks on the chart, peaking at number 8.

It appeared on the first UK singles chart in November 1952 at number 3, its peak position.

The song became the opening track to Cole's 1952 album 8 Top Pops. He subsequently re-recorded the song in stereo for his album The Nat King Cole Story (1961).

Traditional pop
Traditional pop (also known as pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll and pop music in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great American Songbook". More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture and recorded by many artists.

AllMusic defines traditional pop as "post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music".
St. Laurent Boulevard (Ottawa)
St. Laurent Boulevard (/ˌsæ̃ ləˈrɒ̃/); Ottawa Road #26) is an arterial road in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Beginning at the Royal Canadian Mounted Police college complex at Sandridge Road in the Manor Park neighbourhood, St. Laurent Boulevard runs in a straight line, slightly east of south, until it reaches Walkley Road. It then curves west and intersects with Conroy Road and Don Reid Drive. In Ottawa, the name of the street is pronounced exclusively in French, even among Anglophones, as it honours former Canadian Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent. Prior to 1951, it was known as Base Line Road.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.
Alphonse Siyam Siwe
Alphonse Siyam Siwe (born August 4, 1953) is a Cameroonian politician who served as Minister of Energy and Water from 2004 to 2006 and was previously the Director-General of the Autonomous Port of Douala. In 2007, he was sentenced to 30 years in prison for corruption.

Douala
Douala is the largest city in Cameroon and its economic capital. It is also the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Region. It was home to Central Africa's largest port, now being replaced by Kribi port. It has the country's major international airport, Douala International Airport (DLA). It is the commercial and economic capital of Cameroon and the entire CEMAC region comprising Gabon, Congo, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic and Cameroon. Consequently, it handles most of the country's major exports, such as oil, cocoa and coffee, timber, metals and fruits. As of 2025, the city and its surrounding area had an estimated population of 4,346,000, while the city proper had an estimated population of 3,816,500. The city sits on the estuary of Wouri River and its climate is tropical.
1925 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1925 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in outdoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco, California, and it took place 4–5 July. The women's meet was held separately at Paddock Field in Pasadena, California, on 11 July.

At the men's championships, Henry Bonura threw the javelin 65.19 metres (213.9 ft), better than the then-American record, but the mark was not accepted as a record due to wind assistance. The main meet was held on 4 July and relays were held on 5 July. In the women's competition, Helen Filkey became the first woman to win multiple events at a single championships.

National championship
A national championship(s) is the top achievement for any sport or contest within a league of a particular nation or nation state. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best team, individual (or other entity) in a particular nation and in a particular field. Often, the use of the term cup or championship is just a choice of words.
Cosmo Oro
Cosmo Oro (subtitle: Classici della Fantascienza, "science fiction classics") was a series of science fiction books published in Italy by Editrice Nord starting from October 1970, usually consisting of re-prints. Authors translated (often with greater care for translation than in previous editions) included science fiction writers such as Philip K. Dick, Jack Vance, Robert A. Heinlein, Frank Herbert, Isaac Asimov, John Brunner, Alfred E. van Vogt and many others.

Cosmo Oro was paired by Cosmo Argento, which normally published works previously unpublished in Italy. The series reduced substantially in quality and frequency of publication in the 2000s, and ceased publication with issue #203 in April 2002 (The Andromeda Strain by Michael Crichton).

A. E. van Vogt
Alfred Elton van Vogt  (/væn voʊkt/ ⓘ VAN VOHKT; April 26, 1912 – January 26, 2000) was a Canadian-born American science fiction writer. His fragmented, bizarre narrative style influenced later science fiction writers, including Philip K. Dick. He was one of the most popular and influential practitioners of science fiction in the mid-twentieth century, the genre's so-called Golden Age, and one of the most complex. The Science Fiction Writers of America named him their 14th Grand Master in 1995 (presented 1996).
Made in America (EP)
Made In America is an EP by Aerosmith, originally released on March 18, 1997, by Columbia/Sony Music. The EP was sold exclusively at Wal-Marts in Canada and the United States to coincide with the release of the Nine Lives album. On February 8, 2001, Columbia/Sony (with distribution from Resource Media) reissued the EP in the US for general release. This release was also exported to many different countries including Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the UK.

Nine Lives (Aerosmith album)
Nine Lives is the twelfth studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released on March 18, 1997. The album was produced by Aerosmith and Kevin Shirley, and was the band's first studio album released by Columbia Records since 1982's Rock in a Hard Place. In the United States, it peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold over two million copies. One of the album's singles, "Pink", won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.
Thehrian
Thehrian is a village in Muzaffarabad District, Kashmir. It is twenty five kilometers far from Muzaffarabad, the capital of Azad Kashmir. There is one high school for girls and boys. The village's main crops are wheat and maize.

Muzaffarabad District
The Muzaffarabad District (Urdu: ضلع مُظفّرآباد) is a district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is one of the 10 districts of this dependent territory.  The district is located on the banks of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers and is very hilly. The total area of the Muzaffarabad District is 1,642 square kilometres (634 sq mi). The district is part of the Muzaffarabad Division, and the city of Muzaffarabad serves as the capital of Azad Kashmir.  The district is bounded on the north-east by the Neelum District and the Kupwara district of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir region, on the south-east by the Hattian Bala District, on the south by the Bagh District, and on the west by the Mansehra and Abbottabad districts of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province.
History of BBC television idents
The history of BBC television idents begins in the early 1950s when the BBC first displayed a logo between programmes to identify its service. As new technology has become available, these devices have evolved from simple still black and white images to the sophisticated full colour short films seen today. With the arrival of digital services in the United Kingdom, and with them many more new channels, branding is perceived by broadcasters to be much more important, meaning that idents need to stand out from the competition.

This article describes the development of the BBC's main television channels' identities.

Station identification
Station identification (ident, network ID, channel ID or bumper) is the practice of radio and television stations and networks identifying themselves on-air, typically by means of a call sign or brand name (sometimes known, particularly in the United States, as a "sounder", "stinger" or "sting", more generally as a station or network ID). This may be to satisfy requirements of licensing authorities, a form of branding, or a combination of both. As such, it is closely related to production logos, used in television and cinema alike.

Station identification used to be done regularly by an announcer at the halfway point during the presentation of a television program, or in between programs.
Consuelo Femenía
María Consuelo Femenía Guardiola (Jávea, June 17, 1965) is a Spanish diplomat and ambassador. Currently she is posted as ambassador in the Netherlands.

She has a master's degree in law from the University of Valencia. She entered the Spanish Diplomatic Service in 1992.

She was posted at the Spanish embassies in Russia, Nicaragua and the Netherlands. She was deputy representative of Spain before the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons from 1999 to 2004. She worked as the Assistant Director for Cultural and Scientific Affairs and Director for Development Aid in charge of all Spanish aid for Latin America and the Caribbean. Afterwards she also worked as Ambassador-at-Large for the Arms Trade Treaty. She was posted as Ambassador of Spain to Latvia from 2010 to 2014. From 2015 to 2018 she was in charge of the development of the digital diplomacy network in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation.

University of Valencia
The University of Valencia (Valencian: Universitat de València [univeɾsiˈtad de vaˈlensi.a]), shortened to UV, is a public research university in Valencia, Spain. It is one of the oldest universities in Spain, and the oldest in the Valencian Community. It is regarded as one of Spain's leading academic institutions.

The university was founded in 1499, and currently has around 55,000 students. Most of the courses are taught in Spanish, however their plan is to increase the number of courses available in Valencian and English as well.

It is located in the Mediterranean Spanish baseline, in the city of Valencia which is the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain, with a population of 829,705 in 2014. One of its campuses is located in the metropolitan area of Valencia, in the municipalities of Burjassot and Paterna.

The current chancellor is María Vicenta Mestre Escrivá.
My Dad
"My Dad" is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil and performed by Paul Petersen.  It reached #2 on the adult contemporary chart, #6 on the U.S. pop chart, and #19 on the U.S. R&B chart in 1963.  It was featured on his 1963 album, My Dad. In Canada the song reached #5 in December 1962. On the New Zealand lever hit parade chart it reached #7

The song was arranged by Jimmie Haskell and Stu Phillips and produced by Phillips.

Cynthia Weil
Cynthia Weil (October 18, 1940 – June 1, 2023) was an American lyricist who wrote many songs together with her husband Barry Mann. Weil and Mann were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and in 2011, they jointly received the Johnny Mercer Award, the highest honor bestowed by that Hall of Fame.  She and her husband were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010.

Weil and her husband, both based at the Brill Building, were instrumental in shaping the sound of rock and roll in the 1960s, alongside other luminaries such as Carole King, Burt Bacharach, and Neil Diamond.
Stephenson Nunatak
Stephenson Nunatak (72°11′S 69°5′W﻿ / ﻿72.183°S 69.083°W﻿ / -72.183; -69.083) is a prominent, pyramid-shaped rock nunatak, rising to about 640 m, which rises 300 m above the surrounding ice at the northwest side of Kirwan Inlet in the southeast part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Discovered and roughly surveyed in 1940-41 by Finn Ronne and Carl R. Eklund of the United States Antarctic Service. Resurveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Alfred Stephenson, surveyor with the British Graham Land Expedition, who led a sledge party south into George VI Sound to about 72S in 1936. There happens to be another landform on Alexander Island which is named after Alfred Stephenson, that being Mount Stephenson, the highest point of Alexander Island rising to 2,987 m.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.
Amoscanate
Amoscanate (INN), also known as nithiocyamine, is an experimental anthelmintic agent of the aryl isothiocyanate class which was found to be highly effective in animals against the four major species of schistosomes which infect humans, and is also highly active against hookworm infection. However, significant liver toxicity was seen in lab animals at higher doses. The ether analogue of amoscanate, nitroscanate, is used in veterinary medicine as an anthelmintic.

Amoscanate was developed by Ciba.

Aryl group
In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl. "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as a placeholder for the aryl group in chemical structure diagrams, analogous to “R” used for any organic substituent. “Ar” is not to be confused with the elemental symbol for argon.

A simple aryl group is phenyl (C6H5−), a group derived from benzene. Examples of other aryl groups consist of:

The tolyl group (CH3C6H4−) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene)

The xylyl group ((CH3)2C6H3−), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene)

The naphthyl group (C10H7−), which is derived from naphthalene

Arylation is the process in which an aryl group is attached to a substituent. It is typically achieved by cross-coupling reactions.
Skew-symmetric matrix
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, a skew-symmetric (or antisymmetric or antimetric) matrix is a square matrix whose transpose equals its negative. That is, it satisfies the condition

In terms of the entries of the matrix, if  denotes the entry in the -th row and -th column, then the skew-symmetric condition is equivalent to

In characteristic not equal to 2, diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix are zeros because each element must be its own negative.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Ahryansko
Ahryansko (Bulgarian: Ахрянско) is a village in Ardino Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern-central Bulgaria.  It is located 191.083 kilometres (118.733 mi) from Sofia. It covers an area of 6.839 square kilometres and in 2007 had a population of 51.

Ardino
Ardino (Bulgarian: Ардино, formerly Turkish: Eğridere) is a town in southern Bulgaria, in the Rhodope Mountains. It is located in Kardzhali Province and it is also close to Smolyan.

It is famous for its textile industry. It has a machine-building factory and a tobacco manufacturing industry. Tourist attractions include the Belite Brezi, the Eagle rocks, and the Dyavolski most (Devil's bridge).
Tanapag language
Tanapag is a nearly extinct Micronesian language of the Austronesian language family. It is spoken in the Tanapag settlement of the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands. Younger people speak Chamorro instead of Tanapag, but there are also efforts being made to promote the language.

Micronesian languages
The Micronesian languages form a family of Oceanic languages. The twenty languages are known for their lack of plain labial consonant and have instead two series, palatalized and labio-velarized labials, similar to the related New Caledonian languages.