hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proof by example
In logic and mathematics, proof by example (sometimes known as inappropriate generalization) is a logical fallacy whereby the validity of a statement is illustrated through one or more examples or cases—rather than a full-fledged proof.

The structure, argument form and formal form of a proof by example generally proceeds as follows:

Structure:

I know that X is such.

Therefore, anything related to X is also such.

Argument form:

I know that x, which is a member of group X, has the property P.

Therefore, all other elements of X must have the property P.

Formal form:

The following example demonstrates why this line of reasoning is a logical fallacy:

I've seen a person shoot someone dead.

Therefore, all people are murderers.

In the common discourse, a proof by example can also be used to describe an attempt to establish a claim using statistically insignificant examples. In which case, the merit of each argument might have to be assessed on an individual basis.

Counterexample
A counterexample is a specific example that contradicts a claim, hypothesis, or generalization. In logic a counterexample disproves a universally stated claim, and does so rigorously in the fields of mathematics and philosophy. For example, the statement that "student John Smith is not lazy" is a counterexample to the generalization "students are lazy", and both a counterexample to, and disproof of, the universal quantification "all students are lazy."
Portrait of Madame de Senonnes
Portrait of Madame de Senonnes (once known as La Trastéverine) is an 1816 painting by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. It shows  Madame de Senonnes, née Marie-Genevieve-Marguerite Marcoz, viscountess of Senonnes (1783–1828). Marcoz was 31 when the portrait was completed. Ingres had earlier portrayed her in a drawing of 1813.

The portrait is considered one of Ingres' finest. Because she was significantly attractive and aristocratic, Ingres, who professed to disdain portraiture but who needed the income it provided, put great effort into the work in the hope of attracting other commissions. Portrait of Madame de Senonnes is part of the collection of Le tableau fait partie des collections at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes.

Fine Arts Museum of Nantes
The Fine Arts Museum of Nantes (French: Musée d'Arts de Nantes), along with 14 other provincial museums, was created, by consular decree on 14 Fructidor in year IX (31 August 1801). Today the museum is one of the largest museums in the region.

The facades, roof and stairs in the building that houses the art collections have been registered as historical monuments since 29 October 1975.

On 18 December 2011, the museum closed its doors for what was initially expected to be two years at most, to carry out extension expansion work. Due to problems associate with the discovery of ground water in the foundations, which required almost four years of additional work, the reopening of the entire building (renamed the "Art Museum of Nantes") was postponed until 23 June 2017.
Cornell Biological Field Station
Cornell Biological Field Station conducts fisheries and aquatic ecology research with a focus on the Great Lakes, Oneida lake and other inland lakes located in New York State. The field station is located in Madison County, New York.

Madison County, New York
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,016. Its county seat is Wampsville. The county is named after James Madison, the fourth president of the United States, and was first formed in 1806. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Madison County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area, and is home to both the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the National Abolition Hall of Fame and Museum.
Rose water
Rose water or rosewater is a flavoured water created by steeping rose petals in water. It is typically made as a by-product during the distillation of rose petals to create rose oil for perfumes. Rose water is widely utilized to flavour culinary dishes and enhance cosmetic products, and it is significant in religious rituals throughout Eurasia. Iran is a major producer, supplying around 90% of the world's rose water demand.

Central Iran is home to the annual Golabgiri festival each spring. Thousands of tourists visit the area to celebrate the rose harvest for the production of rosewater.

Higher alkane
Higher alkanes are alkanes with a high number of carbon atoms. It is common jargon. One definition says higher alkanes are alkanes having nine or more carbon atoms. Thus, according to this definition, nonane is the lightest higher alkane.  As pure substances, higher alkanes are rarely significant, but they are major components of useful lubricants and fuels.
Fontaine, Isère
Fontaine (French pronunciation: [fɔ̃tɛn] ⓘ; Arpitan: Fontana) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. Part of the Grenoble urban unit (agglomeration), it is the third-largest suburb of the city of Grenoble, and is adjacent to it on the west.

Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
Grigore Arezanov
Grigore "Gogu" Arezanov (born 28 February 1958, in Jegălia/Călărași, Romania) is a Romanian retired football player, who played as a defender. He was involved in an incident in 1984, in which Universitatea Craiova and Romania national football team player Ilie Balaci suffered a severe cruciate ligament injury.

He was often called in the 80's Vasile Arezanov, but his personal name is Grigore.

CS Minaur Baia Mare (football)
Minaur Baia Mare, known also as Minerul Baia Mare, is a Romanian football club, based in Baia Mare, Maramureș County, northern Romania, founded in 1947. It currently plays in Romania's third division, Liga III. It played for seven seasons in Romania's first league, Liga I, last in 1995.
Edgar Ramsay
Edgar St. John Linton Ramsay (20 October 1914 – 4 September 1966) was a South African rower. He competed in the men's coxless four event at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Ramsay died in Port Shepstone, South Africa on 4 September 1966, at the age of 51.

Port Shepstone
Port Shepstone is a large town situated on the mouth of the Mzimkhulu River, the largest river on the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast of South Africa. It is located halfway between Hibberdene and Margate and is positioned 120 km south of Durban. It serves as the administrative, educational, industrial and commercial centre for southern Natal.
Elvis' Gold Records Volume 4
Elvis' Gold Records Volume 4 is a greatest hits album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley, issued by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP 3921, in January 1968, with recording sessions taking place over an eight-year span at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee, and at RCA Studios and Radio Recorders in Hollywood. It is a compilation of hit singles released between 1961 and 1967, peaking at number 33 on the Billboard 200. It was certified Gold on March 27, 1992, by the Recording Industry Association of America.

RCA Studio B
RCA Studio B was a music recording studio in Nashville, Tennessee, established in 1957 by Steve Sholes and Chet Atkins for RCA Victor. Originally known simply as the RCA Victor Studio, in 1965 the studio was designated as Studio B after RCA Victor built the newer, larger Studio A in an adjacent building.

Located centrally in what would become Nashville's Music Row, the RCA Victor Studios were an essential factor to the development of the musical production style and sound engineering technique known as the Nashville Sound. In the two decades the studio was in operation, RCA Studio B produced 60 percent of the Billboard magazine's Country chart hits.

The studio closed in 1977. Since 1992 the studio has been under the ownership of the Country Music Hall of Fame, which offers scheduled tours of the facilities.
1989–90 Texas Southern Tigers basketball team
The 1989–90 Texas Southern Tigers basketball team represented Texas Southern University during the 1989–90 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by 15th-year head coach Robert Moreland, played their home games at the Health and Physical Education Arena and were members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. Texas Southern compiled an overall record of 19–12, and 10–4 in SWAC play, to finish second during the conference regular season. The Tigers won the SWAC tournament to receive an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament – the first in school history. As No. 14 seed in the Midwest region, the team was defeated by 8th-ranked, No. 3 seed Georgetown in the opening round.

1989–90 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 1989–90 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University in the 1989–90 NCAA Division I college basketball season. John Thompson, coached them in his 18th season as head coach. They played their home games at the Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland. They were members of the Big East Conference and finished the season with a record of 24–7, 11–5 in Big East play. Their record earned them a bye in the first round of the 1990 Big East men's basketball tournament, and they advanced to the semifinals before losing to Connecticut. They were the No. 3 seed in the Midwest Region of the 1990 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament – the 12th of 14 consecutive Georgetown NCAA tournament appearances – and advanced to the second round before losing to Midwest Region No. 6 seed Xavier. They were ranked No. 8 in the season's final Associated Press Poll and No. 6 in the final Coaches' Poll.
Formate dehydrogenase
Formate dehydrogenases are a set of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, donating the electrons to a second substrate, such as NAD+ in formate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.17.1.9) or to a cytochrome in formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.2.1).  This family of enzymes has attracted attention as inspiration or guidance on methods for the carbon dioxide fixation, relevant to global warming.

Cytochrome
Cytochromes are redox-active proteins containing a heme, with a central iron (Fe) atom at its core, as a cofactor. They are involved in the electron transport chain and redox catalysis. They are classified according to the type of heme and its mode of binding. Four varieties are recognized by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB), cytochromes a, cytochromes b, cytochromes c and cytochrome d.

Cytochrome function is linked to the reversible redox change from ferrous (Fe(II)) to the ferric (Fe(III)) oxidation state of the iron found in the heme core.  In addition to the classification by the IUBMB into four cytochrome classes, several additional classifications such as cytochrome o and cytochrome P450 can be found in biochemical literature.
Henri Gonay
Squadron Leader Henri Alphonse Clement "Moustique" Gonay, DFC (21 July 1913 – 14 June 1944) was a Belgian airman who was killed in action while flying with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

Gonay was born in Theux, Belgium. He joined the Belgian Army as a student pilot at the age of 18 in 1931. After the invasions of Belgium and France in 1940 he flew to England, where he enlisted in the Royal Air Force (RAF). After instructing pilots he requested to fly with an operational unit, he flew with No. 123 Squadron RAF until being given command of No. 263 Squadron RAF on 25 February 1944. Flying Hawker Typhoons, missions were flown against French coastal targets. Shortly after D-Day, Gonay was wounded while attacking shipping. He was killed when his aircraft hit the ground in Jersey, where he was originally buried in the Allied War Cemetery, Howard Davis Park, Saint Saviour. After the war, he was reburied at the Belgian Airmen's Field of Honour in Brussels Cemetery.

Belgian Army
The Belgian Army (Dutch: Landmacht, French: Force Terrestre) is the land branch of the Belgian Armed Forces. The King of the Belgians is the commander in chief. The current chief of staff of the Belgian Army is Major-General Jean-Pol Baugnée.

Dating back to Belgium's establishment in 1830, the Belgian Army is the oldest service branch of the Belgian Armed Forces, and is also the largest of the four branches, with approximately 10,000 active military personnel and over 2,000 reservists as of 2022.
City College station (San Diego)
City College station is a light rail station on the San Diego Trolley's Orange, Blue, and Silver Lines. It is located in the East Village neighborhood of the city and serves northeast downtown San Diego as well as students at San Diego City College and San Diego High School.

The station originally was curved, straddling the 90-degree intersection of C Street and Park Boulevard. In May 2007, a replacement station opened as part of the Smart Corner mixed-use development now surrounding it. The station was then closed from September 10, 2012 until November 16, 2012, for renovations as part of the Trolley Renewal Project, during which a temporary stop was erected one block away on C Street between 10th and 11th Avenues.

East Village, San Diego
East Village is a neighborhood in downtown San Diego, California, United States. It is the largest urban neighborhood in downtown San Diego. It is located east of the Gaslamp Quarter and southeast of the Core district and Cortez Hill in downtown San Diego. East Village encompasses 130 blocks between Seventh Avenue east to 18th Street. It is home to more than 700 businesses.
Thinkwell Group
Thinkwell Group is an American experience design and production agency that was founded in 2001 with headquarters in Los Angeles, California. In 2022, TAIT acquired Thinkwell Group.

Since 2006, the firm has gone from approximately 35 employees to approximately 180.

Center for Puppetry Arts
The Center for Puppetry Arts, located in Atlanta, is the United States' largest organization dedicated to the art form of puppetry. The center focuses on three areas: performance, education, and museum. It is one of the few puppet museums in the world. The center is located in Midtown, the city's arts district. It was founded in 1978 by Vincent Anthony.
Ajax the Great
Ajax (/ˈeɪdʒæks/) or Aias (/ˈaɪ.əs/; Ancient Greek: Αἴας, romanized: Aíās [aí̯.aːs], gen. Αἴαντος Aíantos) is a Greek mythological hero, the son of King Telamon and Periboea, and the half-brother of Teucer. He plays an important role in the Trojan War, and is portrayed as a towering figure and a warrior of great courage in Homer's Iliad and in the Epic Cycle, a series of epic poems about the Trojan War, being second only to Achilles among Greek heroes of the war. He is also referred to as "Telamonian Ajax" (Αἴας ὁ Τελαμώνιος, in Etruscan recorded as Aivas Tlamunus), "Greater Ajax", or "Ajax the Great", which distinguishes him from Ajax, son of Oileus, also known as Ajax the Lesser.

Exekias
Exekias (Ancient Greek: Ἐξηκίας, Exēkías) was an ancient Greek vase painter and potter who was active in Athens between roughly 545 BC and 530 BC. Exekias worked mainly in the black-figure technique, which involved the painting of scenes using a clay slip that fired to black, with details created through incision. Exekias is regarded by art historians as an artistic visionary whose masterful use of incision and psychologically sensitive compositions mark him as one of the greatest of all Attic vase painters. The Andokides painter and the Lysippides Painter are thought to have been students of Exekias.
Gelmini
Gelmini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mariastella Gelmini (born 1973), Italian politician and attorney

Pierino Gelmini, Italian Roman Catholic priest

Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes, (born 1988) Brazilian footballer of partial Italian descent

Marcos Paulo (footballer, born 1988)
Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes (born 13 July 1988), known as Marcos Paulo, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga 3 club Académica de Coimbra. He also holds Italian nationality.
Diana Conti
Diana Beatriz Conti (29 March 1956 – 8 March 2024) was an Argentine lawyer and politician. She was a member of the Argentine National Congress both as a National Deputy (1997–1999; 2005–2017) and as a Senator (2002–2005); she also served as Undersecretary of Human Rights in the administration of Fernando de la Rúa from 1999 to 2001 and as a member of the Council of Magistracy (appointed by the Chamber of Deputies) from 2006 to 2010, where she rose to prominence as a staunch supporter of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's judicial reform proposals.

A longtime supporter of Fernández de Kirchner and the late Néstor Kirchner, Conti was the leader of the Victory Party, a founding member of the Kirchnerist coalition Front for Victory and later part of the Frente de Todos.

Argentine National Congress
The National Congress of Argentina (Spanish: Congreso de la Nación Argentina) is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina. Its composition is bicameral, constituted by a 72-seat Senate and a 257-seat Chamber of Deputies. The Senate, a third of whose members are elected to six-year renewable terms every two years, consists of three representatives from each province and the federal capital. The Chamber of Deputies, whose members are elected to four-year terms, is apportioned according to population, and renews their members by a half each two years.

The Congressional Palace is located in Buenos Aires, at the western end of Avenida de Mayo (at the other end of which is located the Casa Rosada). The Kilometre Zero for all Argentine National Highways is marked on a milestone at the Congressional Plaza, next to the building.
Oldest House Museum
For the Oldest House Museum in Key West, Florida see Old Island Restoration Foundation

The Oldest House Museum is located in St. Augustine, Florida in St. Johns County, Florida. It is operated by the St. Augustine Historical Society and includes the González-Alvarez House, the Manucy Museum (named for Albert Manucy) of local history and the Edwards Gallery.

The Oldest House, from which the museum derives its name, is located on a site that has been occupied since the 1600s. Formally known as the González-Alvarez House, it is the oldest surviving Spanish Colonial dwelling in Florida. The building dates back to the early 1700s. The house has been open to visitors since 1893. The United States Department of the Interior designated the house a National Historic Landmark in 1970.

Albert Manucy
Albert C. Manucy (February 20, 1910 – March 2, 1997) was an American author, historian and a Fulbright Scholar who specialized in Spanish Colonial Florida and the architecture of St. Augustine, Florida.
Princess Pat (brand)
Princess Pat was a Chicago-based cosmetics company established by the husband and wife team of Patricia and M. Martin Gordon. The company was an early leader in cosmetic advertising and at one point had offices in Chicago, New York City, Toronto and London.

The brand name was first used in July, 1919, and was likely an attempt to capitalize on the popularity of Princess Patricia of Connaught, known as Princess Pat, whose marriage made international headlines only five months earlier.

Many Hollywood actresses such as Louise Brooks and Loretta Young were used to endorse Princess Pat products.

Princess Patricia of Connaught
Princess Patricia of Connaught (Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth; 17 March 1886 – 12 January 1974) was member of the British royal family and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. She was the third and youngest child and the second daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia. She was also the only one of her father's children to outlive him: her siblings, Margaret and Arthur, both died before their father. Upon her marriage to Alexander Ramsay, she relinquished her title of a British princess and the style of Royal Highness and assumed the style Lady Patricia Ramsay.
Jelly Christmas
Jelly Christmas is a series of annually released special winter single albums by Jellyfish Entertainment which includes six Christmas singles from their artists. The singles were released on different dates, across six years.

Circle Chart
The Circle Chart (Korean: 써클차트; RR: Sseokeul-chateu), previously known as the Gaon Music Chart or the Gaon Chart (Korean: 가온차트; RR: Gaon-chateu), tabulates the relative weekly popularity of songs and albums in South Korea. Founded in 2010, it is produced by the Korea Music Content Association and sponsored by South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
Volume (magazine)
Volume was a magazine in the form of a series of compact disc compilation albums that were published in the UK in the early to mid 1990s. The albums typically contained exclusive tracks and remixes from a diverse range of indie artists. Each album was packaged with a 192-page booklet that contained features on the artists, and original articles. The booklet was the size and shape of a CD jewel case, and was usually packaged with the CD case in a cardboard sleeve. Volume One, the first issue, was published in September 1991. The series came to an end in January 1997, with Volume Seventeen.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Oleksandr Pohorilko
Oleksandr Serhiyovych Pohorilko (Ukrainian: Олександр Сергійович Погорілко; born 16 April 2000) is a Ukrainian athlete. He competed in the mixed 4 × 400 metres relay event where the team finished 14th and in the 400 metres event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

At the 2025 European Athletics Team Championships, Pohorilko set new national record of 44.94 in the 400 m event.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Mixed 4 × 400 metres relay
The mixed 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held over two rounds at the Japan National Stadium in Tokyo, Japan, on 30 and 31 July 2021. There were 16 competing relay teams, with each team having four competing members (two men and two women). It was the first mixed-gender relay in athletics held at the Olympic Games, as part of a larger focus on gender equality by the International Olympic Committee.

The final was won by the team of Poland in an Olympic and European record of 3:09.87 min, followed by the Dominican Republic in second place in a national record of 3:10.21 min and the United States in third place in 3:10.22 min.
Isaiah 2
Isaiah 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.

Nevi'im
The Nevi'im (/nəviˈiːm, nəˈviːɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: נְבִיאִים, romanized: Nəviʾim, lit. 'spokespersons, prophets') is the second major division of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), lying between the first division, the Torah (lit. 'instruction') and the third division, Ketuvim (lit. 'writings'). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets (Hebrew: נביאים ראשונים Nəviʾim Rishonim) consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets (נביאים אחרונים Nəviʾim Aḥaronim) include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.