hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Training routines (Scientology)
The training routines (TR) are training exercises or drills used in the Church of Scientology as well as affiliated programs Narconon,: 29 : 258  Criminon,: 29  WISE, and Applied Scholastics. The church describes them as a way of learning to communicate effectively and to control situations. Some critics and former Scientologists claim the training routines have a strong hypnotic effect, causing hallucinations and an out-of-body experience known in Scientology as "exteriorization".

The Training Routines that are part of early Scientology indoctrination have been compared to acting exercises: students are taught to "duplicate," or mirror, a partner's actions; project their "intention," or thoughts, onto inanimate objects; experiment with vocal tones, the most dominant being a commanding bark known as "tone 40"; and deepen their ability to "be in their bodies" without reacting to outside stimuli.— Janet Reitman : 255

Applied Scholastics
Applied Scholastics (APS) is an organization that promotes and licenses the use of study techniques created by L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of Scientology. Applied Scholastics is operated by the Church of Scientology.
Hobby (surname)
Hobby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Marmaduke Hobby (1836–1881), American merchant, politician, and poet, and Confederate States of America military officer

Bertram Maurice Hobby (1905–1983), English entomologist

James H. Hobby (1835–1882), United States Navy officer for whom a U.S. Navy ship was named

Matt Hobby (born 1985), American actor and comedian

Oveta Culp Hobby (1905–1995), American publisher, federal government official, and Women's Army Corps officer

Sir Philip Hobby, an alternative spelling for Sir Philip Hoby (1505–1558), sometimes also spelled Sir Philip Hobbye, an English ambassador

William M. Hobby, Jr., (1899–1942), United States Navy officer killed in action during World War II for whom a U.S. Navy ship was named

William P. Hobby (1878–1964), American publisher and politician and the father of William P. Hobby, Jr.

William P. Hobby, Jr. (born 1932), American publisher and politician and the son of William P. Hobby

William P. Hobby Jr.
William Pettus Hobby Jr. (born January 19, 1932) is an American politician who served a record eighteen years as the 37th lieutenant governor of Texas, from 1973 to 1991. He was the last lieutenant governor to serve a two-year term and the first elected to a four-year term, following the amendment to the Texas Constitution that lengthened terms for statewide elected officeholders to four years, effective with the 1974 elections.
Eremurus × isabellinus
Eremurus × isabellinus is a hybrid of garden origin, derived from the crossing of E. stenophyllus with E. olgae. The first crossing was made by Sir Michael Foster at Great Shelford,  England, at the end of the 19th century, and replicated in France by the Vilmorin nursery at Verrières-le-Buisson in 1902. The name of the hybrid is derived from the isabelline colour of the original F1 hybrid flowers.  The genus is often known by the common names foxtail lily and desert candle.

Great Shelford
Great Shelford is a village located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) to the south of Cambridge, in Cambridgeshire, in eastern England. In 1850 Great Shelford parish contained 1,900 acres (7.7 km2) bisected by the River Cam. The population in 1841 was 803 people. By 2001, this had grown to 3,949 and by the Census 2011 to 4,233. It was 
described as Britain's twenty-second richest village in 2011.

Great Shelford is twinned with Verneuil-en-Halatte, in the Oise département of France.
Bathysuchus
Bathysuchus ("deep water crocodile") is an extinct genus of teleosaurid thalattosuchian from Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) deep water marine deposits in England and France. Bathysuchus displays features that suggest it was more pelagic than other teleosaurids (along with its close relatives within the Aeolodontinae), including smoother skull bones and reduced armour plating, similar to the fully marine metriorhynchids. This was possibly an adaptation to rising sea levels during the Kimmeridgian, as its earlier relatives such as Teleosaurus were suited for shallow coasts and lagoon environments.

Kimmeridge Clay
The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea. This rock formation is the major source rock for North Sea oil. The fossil fauna of the Kimmeridge Clay includes turtles, crocodiles, sauropods, plesiosaurs, pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as a number of invertebrate species.
Duhan
Duhan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hans Duhan (1890–1971), Austrian baritone

Johnny Duhan (1950–2024), Irish singer-songwriter

Udita Duhan (born 1998), Indian field hockey player

Hans Duhan
Hans Duhan (27 January 1890 – 6 March 1971) was an Austrian operatic baritone. He belonged to the ensemble of the Vienna State Opera for 26 years and was the first Count Almaviva (The Marriage of Figaro) and the first Papageno (the Magic Flute) of the Salzburg Festival.
Veng-lek
Veng-lek is a village in Hsi Hseng Township, Taunggyi District, in the Shan State of eastern Burma.  It is located to the south of Tongkaw along the National Highway 5. 
A river runs to the west of the village from north to south.

National Highway 5 (Myanmar)
National Highway 5 (NH5) is a  highway of southern-central Burma. It connects Taungoo to Hopong, east of Taunggyi.

The highway is fed by the National Highway 1 at Taungoo at 18°56′31″N 96°26′36″E﻿ / ﻿18.94194°N 96.44333°E﻿ / 18.94194; 96.44333. It initially goes in the northeast-east direction and then southeast until just south of the town of Hpasawng when the highway forks to the north at 18°49′37″N 97°18′53″E﻿ / ﻿18.82694°N 97.31472°E﻿ / 18.82694; 97.31472. The highway then continues in a northerly direction and eventually joins the west–east flowing National Highway 4 at Hopong at 20°48′2″N 97°10′25″E﻿ / ﻿20.80056°N 97.17361°E﻿ / 20.80056; 97.17361.
Murrumbeena, Victoria
Murrumbeena (/ˌmʌrəmˈbiːnə/ ⓘ MURR-əm-BEE-nə) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 13 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Murrumbeena recorded a population of 9,996 at the 2021 census.

Murrumbeena is a small and highly coveted suburban area with extensive parklands and a rich artistic heritage.

It has multiple commercial zones featuring services and cafes, including Murrumbeena Village, near the train station; Poath Road; North Road; and Murrumbeena Road, near the Beauville Estate and Duncan McKinnon Reserve.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Liang (state)
Liang (Chinese: 梁; pinyin: Liáng) was one of the states during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China, bordering the State of Qin, which collapsed due to internal strife and was later annexed by Duke Mu of Qin in 641 BCE. The rulers of Liang had the surname Ying (嬴). The capital of Liang was located south of modern City of Hancheng in Shaanxi.

In 703 BC, the rulers of the five states of Western Guo, Rui, Xun (荀國) and Jia (賈國), including the State of Liang, suppressed Duke Wu of Quwo using armed force.

In 654 BC, Prince Yiwu from the State of Jin escaped to Liang. The ruler of Liang (梁伯) betrothed his daughter Liang Ying (梁嬴) to Prince Yiwu.

In 642 BC, the ruler of Liang wanted to build a new capital but it was seized by the State of Qin after it was completed.

In 641 BC, Liang was conquered by the State of Qin. According to the Zuo Zhuan, the Liang people were not able to bear the work given to them by the ruler of Liang so that the State of Qin easily conquered Liang.

Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).

During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. The periodization dates to the late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – 9 CE).
Nuno Simões de Melo
Carlos Nuno Gomes e Simões de Melo (born 2 October 1964) is a Portuguese politician serving as a member of the Assembly of the Republic since 2024. He has served as shadow minister of national defence in the shadow cabinet of André Ventura since 2025.

Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's sovereignty bodies.

It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
Bulevardi
60°09′53″N 24°56′18″E﻿ / ﻿60.1647°N 24.9382°E﻿ / 60.1647; 24.9382
Bulevardi (Swedish: Bulevarden, Boulevard) is a boulevard in Helsinki, Finland. It starts at Erottaja and ends at Hietalahdentori. The majority of the boulevard is located in the western part of the Kamppi neighborhood and a small part of Punavuori. Restaurants, cafes, and art galleries line the street. The Alexander Theatre and Sinebrychoff Museum of Art are located on Bulevardi.

Bulevardi is part of a culturally and historically significant avenue axis continuing via Erottaja and the Esplanadi park to the Market Square. The trees on the street mostly consist of old linden and younger maple trees.: 79  The street has been designated as a nationally significant urban environment, surrounded by architecturally valuable buildings.: 97

Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The species are known as linden or lime for the European and Asian species, and linden or basswood for North American species and more generally in American literature. The greatest species diversity is found in Asia, but the genus also occurs widely in Europe and eastern North America. Under the Cronquist classification system, this genus was placed in the family Tiliaceae, but genetic research summarised by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has resulted in the incorporation of this genus, and of most of the previous family, into the Malvaceae.

Tilia is the only known ectomycorrhizal genus in the family Malvaceae. Studies of ectomycorrhizal relations of Tilia species indicate a wide range of fungal symbionts and a preference toward Ascomycota fungal partners.
Kanmurijima
Kanmurijima (冠島) is an island in the Sea of Japan administered under Maizuru in Kyoto Prefecture. It is about 2 km from Kutsujima, a similar smaller island. Nakatsu reef (中津ぐり, Nakatsu-guri) is located just midway between islands. A breeding ground for streaked shearwaters, the island was designated a Japanese natural monument (天然記念物, tennen-kinenbutsu) in 1924. It has also been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. Currently, the island is designated as Kanmurijima-Kutsujima wildlife protection area and any landing is prohibited. A recreational diving service is available though.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.
Pogonomyrmex anergismus
Pogonomyrmex anergismus is a species of workerless inquiline ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae native to Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas that parasitizes Pogonomyrmex rugosus and Pogonomyrmex barbatus nests.

Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees. All species of Cephalotes (within the tribe Attini) are gliding ants.
5-inch/54-caliber Mark 45 gun
The 5-inch (127 mm)/54-caliber (Mk 45) lightweight gun is a U.S. naval artillery gun mount consisting of a 5 in (127 mm) L54 Mark 19 gun on the Mark 45 mount. It was designed and built by United Defense, a company later acquired by BAE Systems Land & Armaments, which continued manufacture.

The later 62-calibre-long version consists of a longer-barrel L62 Mark 36 gun fitted on the same Mark 45 mount. The gun is designed for use against surface warships, anti-aircraft and shore bombardment to support amphibious operations. The gun mount features an automatic loader with a capacity of 20 rounds which can be fired under full automatic control, taking a little over a minute at maximum fire rate. For sustained use, the gun mount would be occupied by a six-person crew (gun captain, panel operator, and four ammunition loaders) below deck to keep the gun continuously supplied with ammunition.

OTO Melara
OTO Melara was a subsidiary of the Italian company Finmeccanica, today Leonardo, active in the defence sector, with factories in Brescia and La Spezia.

From 1 January 2016, the activities of OTO Melara merged into Leonardo's Defence Systems Division, within the Electronics, Defence and Security Systems Sector.
Porlathiri
Polarthiri was a royal house which ruled part of Calicut before Zamorin around 1200s and later Kadathanadu in South India. Ruled by the Polarthiries, Kadathanadu garnered renown, particularly for its association with the martial art form of Kalaripayattu, a discipline known for producing formidable warriors.

.

Zamorin
The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin; Malayalam: sāmūtiri, sāmūri, [saːmuː(d̪i)ɾi,], Arabic: sāmuri, Portuguese: Samorim, Dutch: Samorijn, Chinese: Shamitihsi) was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to the forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam (Koyilandy). The Samoothiris belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the Samantan community of colonial Kerala, and were originally the ruling chiefs of Eranad. The final Zamorin of Calicut committed suicide by setting fire to his palace and burning himself alive inside it, upon learning that Hyder Ali had captured the neighboring country of Chirakkal in Kannur.
Organizational Research Methods
Organizational Research Methods is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Research Methods Division of the Academy of Management. It covers research methods in organizational and management studies, including both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The editor-in-chief is Paul D. Bliese (University of South Carolina). The journal was established in 1998.

Academy of Management
The Academy of Management is a professional association for scholars of management and organizations, established in 1936. It publishes several academic journals, organizes international conferences, and provides forums for management professors and practitioners to exchange research, insights, and ideas.
Four Bacharach & David Songs
Four Bacharach & David Songs is an extended play (EP) of four songs written by the songwriting team of Burt Bacharach and Hal David, performed by Scottish rock band Deacon Blue. It was released on 7-inch vinyl, 12-inch vinyl, CD and cassette on 13 August 1990.

The first track, "I'll Never Fall in Love Again", was the main radio choice for the EP, and received extensive radio play in the United Kingdom and peaked at No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Deacon Blue's best-charting single in the UK. The EP was later combined with tracks from Deacon Blue's compilation Riches and released as Riches & More in 1997.

Cassette single
A cassette single (CS), also known by the trademark cassingle, or capitalised as the trademark Cassette Single, is a music single supplied in the form of a cassette tape. The cassette single was introduced in 1980.
St. Benedict's Monastery, Colorado
St. Benedict's Monastery was a Roman Catholic Benedictine monastery in Pitkin County, Colorado, in the unincorporated community of Snowmass about 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Aspen. The monks were members of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance, commonly called the Trappists.

The entire land belonging to the monastery, including the building of the monastery itself, was sold in December 2025 for US$120 million, to Palantir Technologies CEO Alex Karp.

Pitkin County, Colorado
Pitkin County is a county in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,358. The county seat and largest city is Aspen. The county is named for Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin. Pitkin County is included in the Glenwood Springs Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Edwards-Glenwood Springs Combined Statistical Area.
Aircraft spotting
Aircraft spotting or planespotting is a hobby consisting of observing and tracking aircraft, which is usually accomplished by photography or videography. Besides monitoring aircraft, planespotters also record information regarding airports, air traffic control communications, airline routes,  and more.

Videography
Videography involves capturing moving images on electronic media (such as: videotape, direct to disk recording, or solid state storage), and can include streaming media. It encompasses both video production and post-production methods. Historically videography was considered the video counterpart to cinematography, which involved recording moving images on film stock. However, with the advent of digital video recording in the late 20th century, the distinction between the two has become less clear as  both use similar intermediary mechanisms. Today, any video work can be referred to as videography, while commercial motion picture production is typically termed cinematography.

A videographer works in the field of videography and video production. News broadcasting heavily relies on live television, where videographers are involved in electronic news gathering (ENG) of local news stories.
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam (academic)
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam (Bengali: মোহাম্মদ রফিকুল ইসলাম) is a Bangladeshi academic and vice-chancellor of the Islamic University of Technology, funded by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. He is a professor of marine engineering at the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Computers and Structures (company)
Computers and Structures, Inc. (CSI) is a structural and earthquake engineering software company founded in 1975 and based in Walnut Creek, California, with additional office location in New York. The structural analysis and design software CSI produce include SAP2000, CSiBridge, ETABS, SAFE, PERFORM-3D, and CSiCOL.

One of Computer and Structure, Inc.'s software, ETABS, was used to create the mathematical model of the Burj Khalifa, currently the world's tallest building, designed by Chicago, Illinois–based Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM). In the Structural analysis section of their December 2009 Structural Engineer magazine article entitled "Design and construction of the world's tallest building: The Burj Dubai", since renamed to Burj Khalifa, William F. Baker, S.E. and James J. Pawlikowski, S.E. mention that gravity, wind, and seismic response were all characterized using ETABS. Further, ETABS' geometric nonlinear capability provided for P-delta effect consideration.

Earthquake engineering
Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind. Its overall goal is to make such structures more resistant to earthquakes. An earthquake (or seismic) engineer aims to construct structures that will not be damaged in minor shaking and will avoid serious damage or collapse in a major earthquake. 
A properly engineered structure does not necessarily have to be extremely strong or expensive. It has to be properly designed to withstand the seismic effects while sustaining an acceptable level of damage.
Abhayathilakarathnaramaya
Abhayathilakarathnaramaya (Sinhalaː අභයතිලකාරත්නරාමය) (or Kuruvita Purana Vihara) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Kuruwita, Sri Lanka. The temple is located on Kuruwita - Erathna road, approximately 150m from Colombo - Batticaloa highway. The temple has been formally recognized by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka.

Batticaloa
Batticaloa (Tamil: மட்டக்களப்பு, Maṭṭakkaḷappu, IPA: [mɐʈːɐkːɐɭɐpːɯ]; Sinhala: මඩකලපුව, Maḍakalapuwa, IPA: [məɖəkələpuʋə]) is a major city in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, and its former capital. It is the administrative capital of the Batticaloa District. The city is the seat of the Eastern University of Sri Lanka and is a major commercial centre.  It is on the east coast, 111 kilometres (69 mi) south of Trincomalee, and is situated on an island. Pasikudah is a popular tourist destination situated 35 km (22 mi) northwest with beaches and flat year-round warm-water shallow-lagoons.