hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Threatening terrorism against the United States
Threatening terrorism against the United States is a class C felony punishable by up to 10 years' imprisonment under 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(c)(1)(g). The elements of the offense are that someone willfully threatens to commit a crime that will result in death or great bodily harm; the threat is made with the specific intent that it be taken as a threat; the threat is so unequivocal, unconditional, and specific as to convey a gravity of purpose and immediate prospect of execution; the threat actually causes fear in the victim; and the fear is reasonable.

Laws governing such threats were passed after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The law was amended by the Terrorist Hoax Improvements Act of 2007. False information and hoaxes pertaining to attacks on U.S. officials, government buildings, airplanes, etc. are also punishable under 18 U.S.C. § 1038 as a class D felony, which is punishable by up to 5 years' imprisonment.

Intention (criminal law)
In criminal law, intent is a subjective state of mind (mens rea) that must accompany the acts of certain crimes to constitute a violation. A more formal, generally synonymous legal term is scienter: intent or knowledge of wrongdoing.
Oliver of Paderborn
Oliver of Paderborn, also known as Oliver Scholasticus or Oliver of Cologne (c. 1170 – 11 September 1227), was a German cleric, crusader and chronicler. He was the bishop of Paderborn from 1223 until 1225, when Pope Honorius III made him cardinal-bishop of Sabina. He was the first Paderborn bishop to become a cardinal. Oliver played a significant role in the Crusades as a preacher, participant and chronicler.

Archdiocese of Paderborn
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Paderborn (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Paderbornensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Germany; its seat is Paderborn. It was a diocese from its foundation in 799 until 1802, and again from 1821 until 1930. In 1930, it was promoted to an archdiocese. From 1281 until 1802, the Bishopric of Paderborn (German: Fürstbistum Paderborn) was also a state of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Apple Don't Fall Far from the Tree
The Apple Don't Fall Far from the Tree is a collaborative album by Australian singer-songwriter Lo Carmen and her father Peter Head. It was released on Chiquita Records in Australia. It was recorded at Linear Studios over three days in Sydney by Chris Vallejo and Wade Keighran.

The album is a mix of originals and covers of songs by Tom Waits, Peggy Lee, Gram Parsons, Willie Nelson and Patsy Cline, described by The Australian as 'a charming smoky blues romp driven by Head's bar-room piano' and 'an endearing mix of country soul and late night jazz...high on smoky atmosphere' by The Music. Jazzy duet 'Late Bloomer'  was co-written by Head and Justine Clarke. Original duet 'Old Hands' explores the life of a musician, 'digging graves and waiting tables to make ends meet' and features a humorous music video by photographer Andrew Cowen featuring actors Terry Serio and Gary Waddell.

They toured with Kinky Friedman and the Handsome Family in Australia in support of the album.

Gram Parsons
Ingram Cecil Connor III (November 5, 1946 – September 19, 1973), known professionally as Gram Parsons, was an American musician. He recorded with the International Submarine Band, the Byrds, and the Flying Burrito Brothers, popularizing what he called "Cosmic American Music", a hybrid of country, rhythm and blues, soul, folk, and rock. He has been credited with helping to found the country rock and alt-country genres and received a ranking of No. 87 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
Oscar James
Oscar James (born 25 July 1942) is a Trinidadian actor who is based in the United Kingdom. He has had a long and varied career, but is best known for appearing on British television, in particular the BBC soap opera EastEnders, in which he was one of the original 23 cast members as Tony Carpenter, a role he played for over two years. He also made an appearance in the 2005 film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory as the shopkeeper.

Minder (TV series)
Minder is a British comedy-drama series about the London criminal underworld. Initially produced by Verity Lambert, it was made by Euston Films, a subsidiary of Thames Television, and shown on ITV for ten series between 29 October 1979 and 10 March 1994.

The series was revived by Channel 5 in 2009 but was discontinued after only six episodes. It was nominated three times for Best Drama Series or Serial at the British Academy Television Awards.
2017 Winnipeg National Bank Challenger – Men's doubles
Mitchell Krueger and Daniel Nguyen were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Luke Bambridge and David O'Hare won the title after defeating Yusuke Takahashi and Renta Tokuda 6–2, 6–2 in the final.

Yusuke Takahashi
Yusuke Takahashi (高橋 悠介, Takahashi Yūsuke; born 17 October 1997) is a Japanese tennis player.

Takahashi has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 238 achieved on 7 August 2017 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 375 achieved on 5 February 2018.

Takahashi made his ATP main draw debut at the 2017 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships after defeating Adrián Menéndez-Maceiras and Vasek Pospisil in qualifying.
Horrocks Block
Horrocks Block (71°35′S 68°22′W﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 68.367°W﻿ / -71.583; -68.367) is a large rectangular outcrop that is composed mainly of sandstone, lying on the north side of Venus Glacier, 2 nautical miles (4 km) southwest of the Keystone Cliffs, on the east side of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was mapped by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery supplied by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee from association with Venus Glacier after Jeremiah Horrocks, the British astronomer who predicted and first observed a transit of Venus, in 1639.

Horrocks Block seems to have some relation with nearby Bandstone Block, they appear to be both large rectangular outcrops of sandstone.

Venus Glacier
Venus Glacier (71°38′S 68°15′W﻿ / ﻿71.633°S 68.250°W﻿ / -71.633; -68.250) is a glacier on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 10 nautical miles (18 km) long and 6 nautical miles (11 km) wide at its mouth flowing east into George VI Sound lying between Keystone Cliffs and Triton Point. The coast in this vicinity was first seen from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935 and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. The glacier was first surveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee for the planet Venus, the second planet of the Solar System.
Akhundzade
Akhundzade is an Azerbaijani surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mirza Abu Turab Akhundzade (1817–1910), Azerbaijani theologian and educator

Mirza Fatali Akhundzade (1812–1878), Iranian Azerbaijani author and philosopher

Nariman Akhundzade (born 2004), Azerbaijani footballer

Yusif Akhundzade, Azerbaijani military conductor and director

Shukriyya Akhundzade, wife of the Azerbaijani poet Ahmad Javad and a victim of the Stalinist repressions in Azerbaijan.

Mirza Abu Turab Akhundzade
Mirza Abu Turab Akhundzade (Azerbaijani: میرزا ابو تراب آخوندزاده, Mirzə Əbu Turab Axundzadə, 1817, Baku, Russian Empire - 1910, Baku, Russian Empire) was an Azerbaijani theologian, publicist, educator, enlightener.
Griffith station (Grand Trunk Western Railroad)
Griffith Grand Trunk Depot is a historic train station located at Griffith, Indiana. It was built in 1911 by the Grand Trunk Western Railroad.  It is a simple one-story, frame building measuring 20 feet by 30 feet. It has a steeply pitched hipped roof with overhanging eaves and a projecting three-sided bay. The depot operated until 1980.  It was moved to its present location in the Griffith Historical Park and Railroad Museum in 1980.: 5, 10

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Grand Trunk Western Railroad
The Grand Trunk Western Railroad Company (reporting mark GTW) was an American subsidiary of the Grand Trunk Railway, later of the Canadian National Railway (reporting mark CN) operating in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Since a corporate restructuring in 1971, the railroad has been under CN's subsidiary holding company, the Grand Trunk Corporation. Grand Trunk Western's routes are part of CN's Michigan Division. Its primary mainline between Chicago and Port Huron, Michigan, serves as a connection between railroad interchanges in Chicago and rail lines in eastern Canada and the Northeastern United States. The railroad's extensive trackage in Detroit and across southern Michigan has made it an essential link for the automotive industry as a hauler of parts and automobiles from manufacturing plants.
Mitch Wilde
Mitchell "Mitch" Wilde (born June 21, 1991) is a Canadian professional box lacrosse player for the Halifax Thunderbirds of the National Lacrosse League and the Kitchener-Waterloo Kodiaks of Major Series Lacrosse. Hailing from Brooklin, Ontario, Wilde attended Donald A. Wilson Secondary School, where he was named MVP of his lacrosse team in 2008 and 2009. He played collegiality at Robert Morris University.

Wilde began his junior career in 2009 with the Clarington Green Gaels of the Ontario Junior B Lacrosse League and was traded to the Orillia Kings in 2010. He played for Junior A Whitby Warriors in 2011 and 2012, winning the Minto Cup in 2011, and was drafted 11th overall in the 2013 MSL draft by the Kodiaks.

Wilde was drafted in the second round of the 2013 NLL Entry Draft by the Buffalo Bandits.

Ontario Junior B Lacrosse League
The Ontario Junior B Lacrosse League (OJBLL) is a box lacrosse league sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association in Canada.  The league features twenty-five teams in Ontario, one in Quebec, and one in the Akwesasne (which straddles the two aforementioned provinces and New York) that annually play a 20-game schedule and four rounds of playoffs for the J. A. MacDonald Trophy. After the conclusion of the playoffs, a league champion represents the OJBLL at the Founders Cup National Junior B Championship.
Ernesto Gainza Medina
Ernesto Gainza Medina (born March 5, 1979, in Valencia, Venezuela) is a professional skydiver, stunt performer and stunt coordinator, skydiving consultant, skydiving instructor and instructor examiner. 
He is also an experienced BASE jumper, wingsuit flyer and Guinness world record holder.

Stunt performer
A stunt performer, often called a stuntman or stuntwoman and occasionally stuntperson or stunt-person, is a trained professional who performs daring acts, often as a career. Stunt performers usually appear in films or on television, as opposed to a daredevil, who performs for a live audience. When they take the place of another actor, they are known as stunt doubles.
Pretty Noose
"Pretty Noose" is a song by the American rock band Soundgarden. Written by the band's frontman, Chris Cornell, "Pretty Noose" was released in April 1996 as the first single from the band's fifth studio album, Down on the Upside (1996). The song reached number two on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, topped the UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart, and peaked at number 10 in Finland. The song was included on Soundgarden's 1997 greatest hits album, A-Sides.

Lists of UK Rock & Metal Singles and Albums Charts number ones
The UK Rock & Metal Singles Chart and UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart are record charts compiled in the United Kingdom by the Official Charts Company (OCC) to determine the 40 most popular singles and albums in the rock and heavy metal genres. The two charts are compiled by the OCC from digital downloads, physical record sales and audio streams in UK retail outlets. The charts have been published on the official OCC website since 1994. Previously, the UK Rock Singles chart, sometimes called the Metal Singles chart, that was compiled by CIN, which later became OCC, was published in Hit Music from September 1992 intermittently to February 1997 and interchangeably with the Rock and Metal Albums chart (which was sometimes under the title of Rock and Metal Singles chart) and also with the Indie Chart.
Lushnjë
Lushnjë (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈluʃɲə]; locally Lushnje [ˈluʃɲe]; Albanian definite form: Lushnja) is a city and municipality in west-central Albania. The municipality's population is 63,135 as of the 2023 census, in a total area of 372.9 km2 (144.0 sq mi).

Municipalities of Albania
Municipalities (Albanian: bashki or bashkitë) are the second-level administrative divisions of Albania, below the counties and above the communes. Since the most recent administrative reforms in 2014, Albania has 61 municipalities.
Mamiya Press
The Mamiya Press is a line of medium-format rangefinder system press cameras manufactured by Mamiya.  The first model was introduced in 1960, and the final model was discontinued in the 1970s.  It was targeted at the professional press photography market, and a wide array of accessories was offered.

Medium format
Medium format has traditionally referred to a film format in photography and the related cameras and equipment that use film. Nowadays, the term applies to film and digital cameras that record images on media larger than the 24 mm × 36 mm (0.94 in × 1.42 in) used in 35 mm photography (though not including 127 sizes), but smaller than 4 in × 5 in (100 mm × 130 mm) (which is considered large format photography).

In digital photography, medium format refers either to cameras adapted from medium-format film photography uses or to cameras making use of sensors larger than that of a 35 mm film frame. Some of the benefits of using medium-format digital cameras include higher resolution sensors, better low-light capabilities compared to a traditional 35mm DSLR, and a wider dynamic range.
Sport in New South Wales
Sport in New South Wales describes participation in and attendance at organised sports events in the state of New South Wales in Australia. Sport forms an integral part of the culture of the state.

New South Wales has attracted many international multi-sport events including the 2000 Summer Olympics, held in Sydney. There are many professional sporting teams in New South Wales. The biggest sport in the state by a wide margin is rugby league, in which the state has 10 professional clubs in the National Rugby League. Other popular spectator sports include rugby union, cricket, Australian rules football and soccer. In terms of participation, the most popular sports in the state are netball, tennis, soccer,  rugby league and touch football.

Sydney Cricket Ground
The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) is a sports stadium in the Moore Park suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is used for Test, One Day International and Twenty20 cricket, as well as, Australian rules football and occasionally for rugby league, rugby union and association football. It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team, the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League. It is owned and operated by Venues NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales who also hold responsibility for Stadium Australia and the Sydney Football Stadium.
Bairavi
Bairavi is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language film directed by M. Bhaskar, and produced by Kalaignanam, who also wrote the story and dialogues. It stars Srikanth, Rajinikanth and Sripriya. Geetha was introduced in this film and plays the title character. Srikanth played the antagonist. Sudheer, Manorama and Suruli Rajan played other major roles. The film was released on 8 June 1978.

Srikanth (actor, born 1940)
Srikanth (19 March 1940 – 12 October 2021) was an Indian actor who has performed in around 200 Tamil films since his debut in 1965. He is also referred to as Vennira Aadai Srikanth. He has played the lead hero in around 50 films between 1965 and 1979 and has also played supporting roles in films with actors Sivaji Ganesan, Muthuraman, Ravichandran and Jaishankar in the lead roles. In the late seventies to early nineties, he appeared as a villain opposite actors including Sivakumar, Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan.
Landscape history
Landscape history is the study of the way in which humanity has changed the physical appearance of the environment – both present and past. It is sometimes referred to as landscape archaeology. It was first recognised as a separate area of study during the 20th century and uses evidence and approaches from other disciplines including archaeology, architecture, ecology, aerial photography, rephotography, local history and historical geography.

Historical geography
Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time. In its modern form, it is a synthesizing discipline which shares both topical and methodological similarities with history, anthropology, ecology, geology, environmental studies, literary studies, and other fields. Although the majority of work in historical geography is considered human geography, the field also encompasses studies of geographic change which are not primarily anthropogenic. Historical geography is often a major component of school and university curricula in geography and social studies. Current research in historical geography is being performed by scholars in more than forty countries.
Vice admiral (Australia)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is the second-highest active rank of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). It is a three-star rank, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British rank of vice admiral. The rank is held by the Chief of Navy and, when the positions are held by navy officers, by the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, the Chief of Joint Capabilities, or equivalent position.

Vice admiral is a higher rank than rear admiral, but lower than admiral. Vice admiral is the equivalent of air marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force and lieutenant general in the Australian Army.

Since the mid-1990s, the insignia of a Royal Australian Navy vice admiral is the Crown of St. Edward above a crossed sabre and baton, above three silver stars, above the word "AUSTRALIA". The stars have eight points as in the equivalent Royal Navy insignia. Prior to 1995, the RAN shoulder board was identical to the British shoulder board.

Chief of Joint Capabilities
The Chief of Joint Capabilities (CJC) is the head of the Joint Capabilities Group (JCG) in the Australian Department of Defence. The Joint Capabilities Group was raised on 1 July 2017 with the position created as a result, with the inaugural CJC being Air Marshal Warren McDonald. The current chief is Lieutenant General Susan Coyle, who was appointed to the position in July 2024.
Crushing (album)
Crushing is the second studio album by Australian singer-songwriter Julia Jacklin. It was released in February 2019 under Polyvinyl Record Co., Transgressive Records and Liberation Records.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2019, the album was nominated for six awards; Best Female Artist, Best Adult Contemporary Album, Best Independent Release, Producer of the Year, Engineer of the Year and Best Cover Art. At the AIR Awards of 2020, the album won Best Independent Blues and Roots Album or EP.

Liberation Music
Liberation Records, formerly Liberation Music, was an Australian record company and label, started in 1999 by Michael Gudinski and Warren Costello, based in Melbourne. Its stated business aim is to "find, nurture and then to develop new talent for a world market while remaining independent in the process".

Liberation has a sub-label called Liberator Music, which is a distributor for foreign artists and labels such as Childish Gambino, Glassnote Records, BMG Rights Management, and Ipecac Recordings.

Liberation Records was merged into Mushroom Music in 2024.
Ko Chih-en
Ko Chih-en (Chinese: 柯志恩; pinyin: Kē Zhì'ēn; born 29 April 1962) is a Taiwanese educational psychologist and politician who is a member of the Legislative Yuan. She previously served as a legislator from 2016 to 2020 and was reelected in 2024. She is a member of the Kuomintang (KMT).

Educational psychologist
An educational psychologist is a psychologist whose differentiating functions may include diagnostic and psycho-educational assessment, psychological counseling in educational communities (students, teachers, parents, and academic authorities), community-type psycho-educational intervention, and mediation, coordination, and referral to other professionals, at all levels of the educational system. Many countries use this term to signify those who provide services to students, their teachers, and families, while other countries use this term to signify academic expertise in teaching Educational Psychology.
Suzanne Perlman
Suzanne Perlman (18 October 1922 – 2 August 2020) was a Hungarian-Dutch visual artist known for her expressionist portraits and landscape paintings. Her bold use of colour has its origins in her early paintings of the tropical island of Curaçao, where she moved with her husband in 1940 to escape Nazi persecution. Her expressionist style developed under the tutelage of Austrian master Oskar Kokoschka in the late 1950s, with whom she worked in Salzburg in the 1960s. Reviewing a 1993 Exhibition as his Critic’s Choice in The Times, John Russell Taylor, art critic and author, wrote that "(Perlman) captures the particular feel of the place while abating none of her expressionist dash".

Perlman studied at Columbia University School of the Arts, Instituto Allende and at Saint Martin's School of Art.

Curaçao Museum
The Curaçao Museum (Dutch: Curaçaosch Museum, Papiamentu: Museo di Kòrsou) is an art and cultural history museum in Curaçao. The museum opened on 7 March 1948, and is the oldest museum in Curaçao which still exists. The museum is located in the former military hospital.
Albanian Orthodox Church
The  Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Albania (Albanian: Kisha Ortodokse Autoqefale e Shqipërisë), commonly known as the Albanian Orthodox Church or the Orthodox Church of Albania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It declared its autocephaly in 1922 through its Congress of 1922, and gained recognition from the Patriarch of Constantinople in 1937.

The church suffered during the Second World War, and in the communist period that followed, especially after 1967 when Albania was declared an atheist state, and no public or private expression of religion was allowed.

The church has, however, seen a revival since religious freedom was restored in 1991, with more than 250 churches restored or rebuilt, and more than 100 clergy being ordained. It has 909 parishes spread all around Albania, and around 500,000 to 550,000 faithful. The number is claimed to be as high as 700,000 by some Orthodox sources – and higher when considering the Albanian diaspora.

Primate (bishop)
Primate (/ˈpraɪmət/; Latin: Primas) is a title or rank bestowed on some important archbishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority (title of authority) or (usually) ceremonial precedence (title of honour).
Diari d'Andorra
Diari d'Andorra (Catalan pronunciation: [diˈaɾi ðənˈdorə]) is a newspaper of the Principality of Andorra. The paper is published in Catalan. It is headquartered in Andorra la Vella and has been published by Premsa Andorrana SA since 1991. Its daily distribution is 19,000 copies with 30,000 in the weekend edition 7dies distributed in homes and businesses.

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella is the capital and largest city of Andorra. It is located high in the east Pyrenees, between France and Spain. It is also the name of the Andorran parish that surrounds the capital.

As of 2023, the city had a population of 24,042, and the urban area, which includes Escaldes–Engordany plus satellite villages, has over 40,000 inhabitants.

The principal industry is tourism, and the country also earns foreign income from being a tax haven. It is at an elevation of 1,023 m (3,356 ft), and is the highest capital city in Europe. The city shares a border with Spain.