hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh length
In optics and especially laser science,  the Rayleigh length or Rayleigh range, ,  is the distance along the propagation direction of a beam from the waist to the place where the area of the cross section is doubled. A related parameter is the confocal parameter, b, which is twice the Rayleigh length. The Rayleigh length is particularly important when beams are modeled as Gaussian beams.

Light beam
A light beam or beam of light is a directional projection of light energy radiating from a light source. Sunlight forms a light beam (a sunbeam) when filtered through media such as clouds, foliage, or windows. To artificially produce a light beam, a lamp and a parabolic reflector is used in many lighting devices such as spotlights, car headlights, PAR Cans, and LED housings. Light from certain types of laser has the smallest possible beam divergence.
Long Day's Journey into Night (2018 film)
Long Day's Journey into Night (Chinese: 地球最後的夜晚; pinyin: Dìqiú Zuìhòu de Yèwǎn; lit. 'Last evenings on Earth') is a 2018 Chinese drama film written and directed by Bi Gan. Despite the film's English-language title, it is unrelated to the 1956 Eugene O'Neill play of the same name.

The film premiered at the Un Certain Regard section of the 2018 Cannes Film Festival. It is notable for its final 59 minutes, which consists of one unbroken long take in 3D.

2018 Cannes Film Festival
The 71st annual Cannes Film Festival took place from 8 to 19 May 2018. Australian actress Cate Blanchett served as jury president for the main competition. Japanese filmmaker Hirokazu Kore-eda won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for his drama film Shoplifters, marking Japan's first win after more than twenty years.

The official festival poster features Jean-Paul Belmondo and Anna Karina from Jean-Luc Godard's 1965 film Pierrot le Fou. It is the second time the festival poster was inspired by Godard's film after his 1963 film Contempt at the 2016 festival. According to festival's official statement, the poster is inspired by and paid tribute to the work of French photographer Georges Pierre.

The festival opened with Everybody Knows by Asghar Farhadi, and closed with The Man Who Killed Don Quixote by Terry Gilliam.
Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow
Myrtle Avenue is a street in Hatton in the London Borough of Hounslow which is near the eastern end of Heathrow Airport's south runway, 27L. The street is noisy when aircraft are landing or taking off from 27L, or taking off from 09R, though its view of the aircraft has made it the prime location for plane spotting.

At the end of the road is a large green space which is directly underneath the flight paths to and from Runway 09R/27L. The nearest London Underground station to Myrtle Avenue is Hatton Cross on the Piccadilly line.  On special occasions, such as the arrival of a new type of aircraft, there may be hundreds of spectators there, including the general public as well as regular spotters.

On 17 January 2008, British Airways Flight 38 narrowly overflew the street and the adjacent A30 road while undertaking an emergency landing following fuel starvation due to ice building up in the fuel/oil heat exchangers of the Boeing 777 operating the flight.

Aircraft spotting
Aircraft spotting or planespotting is a hobby consisting of observing and tracking aircraft, which is usually accomplished by photography or videography. Besides monitoring aircraft, planespotters also record information regarding airports, air traffic control communications, airline routes,  and more.
Pan's Anniversary
Pan's Anniversary, or The Shepherd's Holiday was a Jacobean era masque, written by Ben Jonson and designed by Inigo Jones. The date of the masque's performance at the English Court has long been in dispute: while the earliest text assigns it to 1625, mid-twentieth-century scholars placed it on 19 June 1620, the king's birthday, at the royal palace at Greenwich. More recently, Martin Butler has argued for a date of 6 January 1621.

Inigo Jones
Inigo Jones (15 July 1573 – 21 June 1652) was an English architect who was the first significant architect in England in the early modern era and the first to employ Vitruvian rules of proportion and symmetry in his buildings.
As the most notable architect in England, Jones was the first person to introduce the classical architecture of Rome and the Italian Renaissance to England. He left his mark on London by his design of single buildings, such as the Queen's House which is the first building in England designed in a pure classical style, and the Banqueting House, Whitehall, as well as the layout for Covent Garden square which became a model for future developments in the West End. He made major contributions to stage design by his work as a theatrical designer for several dozen masques, most by royal command and many in collaboration with Ben Jonson.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Chełm
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chełm(-Lublin) was a Latin Catholic bishopric in southeastern Poland, from 1257 (until 1358 as Łuków) until its suppression in 1805, which was restored as Latin titular see in 2009.

Archdiocese of Gniezno
The Archdiocese of Gniezno (Latin: Archidioecesis Gnesnensis, Polish: Archidiecezja Gnieźnieńska) is the oldest Latin Catholic archdiocese in Poland, located in the city of Gniezno. The ecclesiastical province comprises the suffragan dioceses of Bydgoszcz and Włocławek.
Yes, Prime Minister (2013 TV series)
Yes, Prime Minister is a British political satire sitcom from 2013, written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn. The series is a revival of the sitcom Yes Minister, and Yes, Prime Minister,  which ran from 1986 to 1988. It stars David Haig as Prime Minister Jim Hacker, Henry Goodman as Sir Humphrey, Chris Larkin as Bernard Woolley, and Zoe Telford as Claire Sutton. The revived series was based on a 2010 stage production, which was also written by Jay and Lynn.

Jonathan Lynn
Jonathan Adam Lynn (born 3 April 1943) is a British-American film director, screenwriter, and actor. He directed the comedy films Clue, Nuns on the Run, My Cousin Vinny, and The Whole Nine Yards. He also co-created and co-wrote the political-satirical television series Yes Minister.
Sweetgrass 113-M16
Sweetgrass 113-M16 is an Indian reserve of the Sweetgrass First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west of North Battleford. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 1 of its 1 total private dwellings.

North Battleford
North Battleford is a city in west-central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is the seventh largest city in the province and is directly across the North Saskatchewan River from the town of Battleford. Together, the two communities are known as "The Battlefords".

North Battleford and the greater Battlefords area are a notable stop along the Yellowhead Highway, part of the Trans-Canada system, and serve as a commercial and cultural hub for west- and north-central Saskatchewan. Together, the Battlefords are served by the Yellowhead Highway as well as Highway 4, Highway 26, Highway 29, and Highway 40.

Battlefords Provincial Park is 40 kilometres (25 mi) north on Highway 4.
Héctor Magliano
Héctor Magliano (born 30 November 1919, date of death unknown) was a Uruguayan footballer. He played in three matches for the Uruguay national football team from 1940 to 1947. He was also part of Uruguay's squad for the 1941 South American Championship.

1941 South American Championship
The sixteenth edition of the South American Championship was held in Santiago, Chile from 2 February to 4 March.

With the purpose of celebrating the fourth centenary of Santiago's foundation by Pedro de Valdivia, Chile requested to host this tournament's edition. Because of that, this edition is considered extra (no trophy was handed to the winners).

The participating countries were Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Uruguay.

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Paraguay withdrew from the tournament.
2021 FIFA Arab Cup Group C
Group C of the 2021 FIFA Arab Cup took place from 1 to 7 December 2021. The group consisted of Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Palestine.

The top two teams, Morocco and Jordan, advanced to the quarter-finals.

Uruguayan Football Association
The Uruguayan Football Association (Spanish: Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol — AUF) is the governing body of football in Uruguay. It was founded in 1900, as The Uruguayan Association Football League, and affiliated to FIFA in 1923. It is a founding member of CONMEBOL and is in charge of the national men's team and the national women's team, as well as the Uruguayan football league system.
Tsulukidze
Tsulukidze (Georgian: წულუკიძე) is a Georgian surname.

People with the surname Tsulukidze include:

the Tsulukidze family, a noble family in Georgia
Alexander Tsulukidze, revolutionary
Giorgi Tsulukidze, general
Varden Tsulukidze, military commander

Tsulukidze (family)
The House of Tsulukidze (Georgian: წულუკიძე) is an old Georgian noble family, known in the western part of the country since 1451. According to a traditional account, they were elevated to a princely dignity (tavadi) by King George III of Imereti in 1605.
WBRC
WBRC (channel 6) is a television station in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power, Class A Telemundo affiliate WTBM-CD (channel 24). The two stations share studios and transmitter facilities atop Red Mountain (between Vulcan Trail and Valley View Drive) in southeastern Birmingham, next to the studios of NBC affiliate WVTM (channel 13).

Red Mountain (Birmingham)
Red Mountain is a long ridge running southwest-northeast and dividing Jones Valley from Shades Valley south of Birmingham, Alabama. It is part of the Ridge-and-Valley region of the Appalachian Mountains. The Red Mountain Formation of hard Silurian rock strata lies exposed in several long crests, and was named "Red Mountain" because of the rust-stained rock faces and prominent seams of red hematite iron ore. The mountain was the site of several mines that supplied iron ore to Birmingham's iron furnaces. Most of Birmingham's television and radio stations have transmission towers located on Red Mountain.

Red Mountain is also home to Red Mountain Park, one of the largest urban parks in the United States at 1,500 acres (6.1 km2).
Tuya Mountains Provincial Park
Tuya Mountains Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, protecting the Tuya Range, a volcanic region at the head of the Tuya River.  The park is located on the north side of Tuya Lake. The park is named for nearby tuyas, steep-sided, flat-topped types of volcano.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.
"28 Nëntori" Gymnasium
The "28 Nëntori" Gymnasium (Albanian: Gjimnazi "28 Nëntori") is a public upper secondary school (gymnasium) in Shkodër, Albania. It was established as the State Gymnasium (Albanian: Gjimnazi i Shtetit) on 5 October 1922, by the request of city's intellectuals. It is the first secular high school in Albania. It was decorated Honor of the Nation by the President of Albania Bajram Begaj on 5 October 2022, in a ceremony celebrating its 100th anniversary.

Aleksandër Xhuvani
Aleksandër Xhuvani (14 March 1880 – 22 November 1961) was an Albanian philologist and educator. Xhuvani spent much of his career working for the improvement of Albanian schools; he also advocated the standardization of the Albanian language in the years following Albania's independence.  Among his writings are grammars in Albanian, as well as a dictionary of the language.  Xhuvani also served as a politician, sitting in both the Constituent Assembly of the Albanian Kingdom and as a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania.  In the latter he served as vice-president of the Presidium towards the end of his life.

Elbasan's Aleksandër Xhuvani University is named after him.
Kulchandra Gautam
Pandit Kulchandra Gautam (Nepali: पं. कुलचन्द्र गौतम)(1934-2015 B.S.) was a Sanskrit scholar in the field of spirituality, language and philosophy. He has also worked in the field of Ayurveda. He was born in Nepal and hounured by the title of Bidwat Siromani. He has also been featured in the postage stamp of Nepal in 1992.

Vikram Samvat
Vikram Samvat (ISO: Vikrama Saṁvata; abbreviated VS), also known as the Vikrami or Bikrami calendar, is a Hindu calendar historically used in the Indian subcontinent and still also used in several Indian states and Nepal. It is a lunisolar calendar, using twelve lunar months each solar sidereal year. The year count of the Vikram Samvat calendar is usually 57 years ahead of the Gregorian calendar, except during January to March/April, when it is ahead by 56 years.

Vikram Samvat is an official calendar of Nepal where the first month is Baisakh and the last month is Chaitra. Unlike India where it is used only for religious dates (with first month starting with Chaitra), the solar version of Vikram Samvat is a civil calendar for general usage.
Steroid hormone
A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into two classes: corticosteroids (typically made in the adrenal cortex, hence cortico-) and sex steroids (typically made in the gonads or placenta). Within those two classes are five types according to the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids (both corticosteroids) and androgens, estrogens, and progestogens (sex steroids). Vitamin D derivatives are a sixth closely related hormone system with homologous receptors. They have some of the characteristics of true steroids as receptor ligands.

Steroid hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability to withstand injury and illness. The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids.

Adrenal cortex
The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of the adrenal gland. It is divided into three separate zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Each zone is responsible for producing specific hormones. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis.
Jobez
Jobez is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alphonse Jobez (1813–1893), French businessman and politician

Henri-Jean Jobez (1865–1931), French politician

Jean-Emmanuel Jobez (1775–1828), French businessman and politician

Jean Jobez (born 1943), French cross-country skier

Alphonse Jobez
Alphonse Jobez (1 August 1813 - 13 May 1893) was a French businessman and politician. He was the manager of the Forges de Syam. He represented Jura in the National Constituent Assembly in 1848-1849 during the Second French Republic. He was the author of several books of political economy.
Craspedocephalus malabaricus
Craspedocephalus malabaricus, (formerly Trimeresurus malabaricus) commonly known as Malabar pit viper, Malabar rock pit viper, or rock viper, is a venomous pit viper species endemic to the high-moderate elevations of  Western Ghats of southwestern India. Recently this species complex was split into three different species: C. malabaricus (north of Palghat gap), C. travancoricus (south of Shengottai gap), and C. anamallensis (south of Palghat gap up to north of Shengottai gap).

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
WRKN (FM)
WRKN (106.1 MHz, "Heaven 106.1") is an urban gospel-formatted FM radio station serving the New Orleans area. The Cumulus Media outlet broadcasts with an ERP of 28 kW, and is licensed to Picayune, Mississippi. Its studios are located on the campus of Delgado Community College in New Orleans and the transmitter site is outside Covington, Louisiana.

Urban contemporary gospel
Urban/contemporary gospel, also known as urban gospel music, urban gospel pop, or just simply urban gospel, is a modern subgenre of gospel music. Although the style developed gradually, early forms are generally dated to the 1970s, and the genre was well established by the end of the 1980s. The radio format is pitched primarily to African-Americans. Christian hip hop can be considered a subtype of this genre.
Martania taeniata
Martania taeniata, the barred carpet, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by James Francis Stephens in 1831. It is found in large parts of the Palearctic realm.

Its wingspan is 19–28 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is ochreous. The forewings have a dark-coloured central band. They are very variable in size, pattern and colouring. The large white or whitish spot in the middle of the distal margin distinguishes M. taeniata from its nearest allies.

There is one generation per year with adults on wing in July and August.

The larvae probably feed on various moss species in the wild, but have been reared on various plants, such as Taraxacum officinale, Stellaria media and Polygonum aviculare. The larvae can be found from August to June. The species overwinters in the larval stage.

Polygonum aviculare
Polygonum aviculare or common knotgrass is a plant related to buckwheat and dock. It is also called prostrate knotweed, birdweed, pigweed and lowgrass. It is an annual found in fields and wasteland, with white flowers from June to October. It is widespread across many countries in temperate regions, apparently native to Eurasia, naturalized in temperate parts of the Southern Hemisphere.
Third Fadnavis ministry
The Third Fadnavis ministry was formed on 5 December 2024 in Maharashtra. The ministry will likely consist of maximum 43 members. The Governor of the state, C. P. Radhakrishnan has administered the oath of office and secrecy to the Chief Minister,  Devendra Fadnavis and Deputy Chief Ministers, Eknath Shinde and Ajit Pawar, respectively at Azad Maidan, Mumbai. Former Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra,Ajit Pawar, died in the tragic incident of 2026 Baramati Learjet 45 crash and was succeeded by his wife and Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Sunetra Pawar as Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra.

2026 Baramati Learjet 45 crash
On 28 January 2026, a Learjet 45XR operated by VSR Ventures crashed during a charter flight from Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai to Baramati Airport in Maharashtra, India, killing the Deputy chief minister of Maharashtra, Ajit Pawar, as well as all four other occupants. The crash was determined to be in low visibility and heavy fog.
Teeswater River
The Teeswater River is a river in the municipalities of Arran–Elderslie, Brockton and South Bruce in Bruce County in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and empties into the Saugeen River at Paisley, Ontario.

The community of Teeswater is located on the river.

The river was named after the River Tees in England.

Southwestern Ontario
Southwestern Ontario (census population 2,796,367 in 2021) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies most of the Ontario Peninsula, bounded by Lake Huron (including Georgian Bay) to the north and northwest, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River to the west, and Lake Erie to the south. To the east, on land, Southwestern Ontario is bounded by Central Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe. It borders the United States via Michigan.
Beurre blanc
Beurre blanc (French pronunciation: [bœʁ blɑ̃]; lit. 'white butter') or beurre Nantais (French pronunciation: [bœʁ nɑ̃tɛ]) is a warm emulsified butter sauce made with a reduction of vinegar and/or white wine (normally Muscadet) and shallots into which cold whole butter is whisked in off the heat to prevent separation. The small amount of emulsifiers naturally found in butter, including a trace of lecithin, is used to form an oil-in-water emulsion. Although similar to hollandaise in concept, it is considered neither a classic leading nor compound sauce. This sauce originates in the cuisine of the Loire-Atlantique department.

Shallot
The shallot /ʃəˈlɒt/ is a cultivar group of the onion. Until 2010, the (French red) shallot was classified as a separate species, Allium ascalonicum. The taxon was synonymized with Allium cepa (the common onion) in 2010, as the difference was too small to justify a separate species.

As part of the onion genus Allium, its close relatives include garlic, scallions, leeks, chives, and the Chinese onion.
Stai
Stai is a Norwegian surname derived from the Norwegian places named Stai. Notable people with the surname include:

Anette Stai (born 1961), Norwegian model

Brenden Stai (born 1972), American football player

Dian Graves Stai (born 1940), American businesswoman and philanthropist

Elli Stai (born 1954), Greek journalist and talk show presenter

Erik Stai (1915–2004), Norwegian high jumper

Kari Stai (born 1974), Norwegian illustrator, graphic designer and children's writer

Kari Stai
Kari Stai (born 1974) is a Norwegian illustrator, graphic designer and children's writer. In 2012, she was awarded the Brage Prize for children's literature with her Jakob og Neikob. Tjuven slår tilbake.
St Matthew's Church, Hayfield
St Matthew's Church, Hayfield, is the parish church of Hayfield, Derbyshire, England. The church, parts of which date from the 14th century, is a Grade II listed building and adjacent to the River Sett. Its five-stage clock tower is the main landmark for the village. The church is built in local gritstone ashlar in an Early English Gothic style and is surrounded by a small graveyard. It is also adjoined by a small church hall dating from 1977, erected over part of the graveyard, with a newly landscaped community garden on the north side of the building.

St Matthew's is an active Anglican parish church in the Diocese of Derby, arranging services on Sundays, in addition to baptisms, weddings and funerals. It is the venue for a variety of community events including concerts, art displays, and annual May Queen and well dressing festivals. The clergy is shared with the Parish of Chinley & Buxworth; the current vicar is Mel Hartley.

May Queen
In the British Isles and parts of the Commonwealth, the May Queen or Queen of May is a personification of the May Day holiday of 1 May, and of springtime and the coming growing season. The May Queen is a girl who rides or walks at the front of a parade for May Day celebrations. She wears a white gown to symbolise purity and usually a tiara or crown. Her duty is to begin the May Day celebrations. She is generally crowned by flowers and makes a speech before the dancing begins. Certain age-groups dance around a Maypole celebrating youth and springtime.