hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scattering from rough surfaces
Surface roughness scattering or interface roughness scattering is the elastic scattering of particles against a rough solid surface or imperfect interface between two different materials.  This effect has been observed in classical systems, such as microparticle scattering, as well as quantum systems, where it arises electronic devices, such as field effect transistors and quantum cascade lasers.

Field-effect transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field-effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET.
Great Britain at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Great Britain competed at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, Spain. It finished third in the overall medal count, with a total of 128 medals. This list also includes also the medalists at 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap, which held by the same organizing committee, and is part of same event, but they were held in Madrid, between 15-22 September in the same year.

1992 Summer Paralympics
The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Spanish: Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, Madrid.
Adolf Bastian
Adolf Philipp Wilhelm Bastian (26 June 1826 – 2 February 1905) was a 19th-century polymath remembered best for his contributions to the development of ethnography and the development of anthropology as a discipline. His theory of the Elementargedanke resulted in Carl Jung's development of the theory of archetypes. His ideas influenced the "father of American anthropology" Franz Boas and comparative mythologist Joseph Campbell.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Banksia oreophila
Banksia oreophila, commonly known as the western mountain banksia or mountain banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has glabrous stems, wedge-shaped or narrow egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, cylindrical spikes of pale pink to mauve flowers and later, up to twenty follicles in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the flowers. It occurs on slopes and hilltops in the Stirling and Barren Ranges.

West Mount Barren
West Mount Barren is part of the Fitzgerald River National Park located between Bremer Bay and Hopetoun on the south coast of Western Australia. The coordinates of the summit of West Mount Barren are 34°12′59″S 119°25′58″E﻿ / ﻿34.21639°S 119.43278°E﻿ / -34.21639; 119.43278.

West Mount Barren, along with East Mount Barren and Mid-Mount Barren were all named by Matthew Flinders in 1802 after their barren appearance.
Greenfoot
Greenfoot is an integrated development environment using Java or Stride designed primarily for educational purposes at the high school and undergraduate level. It allows easy development of two-dimensional graphical applications, such as simulations and interactive games.

Greenfoot is being developed and maintained at King's College London, with support from Oracle. It is free software, released under the GPL license. Greenfoot is available for Windows, macOS, Linux, Solaris, and any recent JVM.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Houstonia purpurea
Houstonia purpurea (formerly Hedyotis purpurea) is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names Venus's pride, woodland bluet, and purple bluet. It is native to the eastern United States from eastern Texas and Oklahoma east to Florida and Pennsylvania, with scattered  populations in Nebraska, Iowa, Michigan, New York State and New England.

There are three varieties of this species. The rarest, var. montana (Roan Mountain bluet) is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. It occurs only in the southern Appalachians along the border between Tennessee and North Carolina. It is named for Roan Mountain, one of a very few mountain peaks where it grows.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Taylorsville Utah Temple
The Taylorsville Utah Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Taylorsville, Utah. Plans to construct the temple were announced on October 5, 2019 by church president Russell M. Nelson, during the church's general conference. The temple is the first in the city of Taylorsville, the fifth in Salt Lake County, and the twenty-third in the state of Utah.

A groundbreaking ceremony, to signify beginning of construction, was held on October 31, 2020, with Gerrit W. Gong, of the church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, presiding. It was dedicated by Gong on June 2, 2024.

Gerrit W. Gong
Gerrit Walter Gong (born December 23, 1953) is an American academic administrator and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He has been a general authority since 2010 and served as a member of the church's Presidency of the Seventy from October 2015 until his calling to the Quorum of the Twelve in March 2018. He is the LDS Church's first apostle of Asian descent. Prior to becoming a general authority, he served as assistant to the president of Brigham Young University (BYU) for planning and assessment. As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Gong is accepted by the church as a prophet, seer, and revelator. Currently, he is the eleventh most senior apostle in the church.
Bill Eagle
William Lycurgus Eagle (July 25, 1877 – April 27, 1951) was an American professional baseball player who played four games during the 1898 season. He was born in Rockville, Maryland, and died at the age of 73 in Churchton, Maryland.

Rockville, Maryland
Rockville is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area. The 2020 census tabulated Rockville's population at 67,117, making it the fourth-largest incorporated city in Maryland.

Rockville, along with neighboring Gaithersburg and Bethesda, is at the core of the Interstate 270 Technology Corridor which is home to numerous software and biotechnology companies as well as several federal government institutions. The city, one of the major retail hubs in Montgomery County, has several upscale regional shopping centers.
Ortega Martínez
Ortega Martínez is a Spanish surname; the paternal surname is Ortega and the second or maternal family name is Martínez. Notable people with this name include:

Antonio Ortega Martínez (born 1954), Mexican politician

Cristóbal Ortega Martínez (1956–2025), Mexican footballer

Jesús Ortega Martínez (born 1952), Mexican politician

Lauro Ortega Martínez (1910–1999), Mexican politician and veterinarian

Mariano Ortega Martínez (born 1971), Spanish handball player and coach

Pilar Ortega Martínez (born 1968), Mexican politician

Rogelio Ortega Martínez (born 1955), Mexican educator and politician

Rogelio Ortega Martínez
Salvador Rogelio Ortega Martínez (born 26 July 1955) is a Mexican educator who was appointed interim Governor of Guerrero on 27 October 2014 following the resignation of Ángel Aguirre Rivero after the political scandal of the 43 missing students in Iguala. He served in office until 27 October 2015. Ortega Martinez was previously director of the Autonomous University of Guerrero.
Graciella pulchella
Graciella pulchella is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.  It feeds on Theobroma cacao, and has a wide distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa.

This species was described by Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug in 1835, originally under the genus Saperda.

Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small (6–12 m (20–39 ft) tall) evergreen tree in the Malvaceae family. Its seeds—cocoa beans—are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate.  Although the tree is native to the tropics of the Americas, the largest producer of cocoa beans in 2022 was Ivory Coast.
Johnny Joannou
Johnny Savas Joannou (April 22, 1940 – May 6, 2016) was an American politician of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1976–1983, the Senate of Virginia 1984–1991, and the House again from 1998 to 2016. He last represented the 79th district, made up of parts of the cities of Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Suffolk. Joannou died of lung cancer, on May 6, 2016, in Portsmouth, Virginia.

Portsmouth, Virginia
Portsmouth is an independent city in southeastern Virginia, United States. It lies across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,915. It is the ninth-most populous city in Virginia and is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. Due to its strategic location, the city has long been associated with the United States Armed Forces, particularly the Navy. The Norfolk Naval Shipyard is a historic and active Navy facility located in Portsmouth.
Alaska Aviation Museum
The Alaska Aviation Museum, previously the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum, is located on Lake Hood Seaplane Base in Anchorage, Alaska. Its mission since 1988, is to preserve Alaska's aviation heritage and foster public interest in aviation. It areas of particular focus include bush flying and the World War II Army base on Adak Island.

Adak Island
Adak Island (Aleut: Adaax, pronounced [ˈaðɑχ]; Russian: Адак) or Father Island is an island near the western extent of the Andreanof Islands group of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Alaska's southernmost city, Adak, is located on the island.  The island has a land area of 274.59 square miles (711.18 km2), measuring 33.9 miles (54.5 km) long and 22 miles (35 km) wide, making it the 25th largest island in the United States.

Due to harsh winds, frequent cloud cover, and cold temperatures, vegetation is mostly tundra (grasses, mosses, berries, low-lying flowering plants) at lower elevations. The highest point is Mount Moffett, near the northwest end of the island, at an elevation of 3,924 feet (1,196 m). It is snow covered the greater part of the year. Adak is its largest and principal city.

The word Adak is from the Aleut word adaq, which means "father".
Kutchi-Swahili
Kutchi-Swahili, or Cutchi-Swahili, is a Swahili-based creole derived from the Kutchi language of the Kutch district in the Indian state of Gujarat and spoken among the Indian population of East Africa. It is the native language of some Kutchi families from Zanzibar that have settled in the larger cities of mainland Tanzania and Kenya, and is used as a second language by others of the Indian community. In these areas of East Africa, the language is typically only used by Muslim groups, whereas Hindu groups use Gujarati instead.

In the language, words that are taken from Swahili are often modified to fit Kutchi pronunciation patterns; for instance, the Swahili word sahani, meaning "plate", becomes saani in Kutchi-Swahili.

Maho (2009) assigns different codes to Kutchi-Swahili and Asian Swahili (Kibabu), and Ethnologue also notes that these may not be the same.

Kutchi people
The Kutchi people (Kutchi and Gujarati: કચ્છી (Gujarati script); Sindhi: ڪڇي (Perso-Arabic); कच्छी (Devanagari), IPA: [kətːʃʰiː]) traditionally hail from the Kutch district of the western Indian state of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan.
Silicic acid
In chemistry, a silicic acid (/sɪˈlɪsɪk/) is any chemical compound containing the element silicon attached to oxide (=O) and hydroxyl (−OH) groups, with the general formula [H2xSiOx+2]n or, equivalently, [SiOx(OH)4−2x]n. Orthosilicic acid is a representative example. Silicic acids are rarely observed in isolation, but are thought to exist in aqueous solutions, including seawater, and play a role in biomineralization. They are typically colorless weak acids that are sparingly soluble in water. Like the silicate anions, which are their better known conjugate bases, silicic acids are proposed to be oligomeric or polymeric. No simple silicic acid has ever been identified, since these species are primarily of theoretical interest.

Depending on the number of silicon atoms present, there are mono- and polysilicic (di-, tri-, tetrasilicic, etc.) acids. Well defined silicic acids have not been obtained in a form that has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Oxide
An oxide (/ˈɒksaɪd/) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O2− ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al2O3 (called a passivation layer) that protects the foil from further oxidation.
Chuck Detwiler
Charles Michael Detwiler (born March 6, 1947) is an American former professional football defensive back who played four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the San Diego Chargers and St. Louis Cardinals. He played college football at Utah State University. He was also a member of The Hawaiians of the World Football League (WFL).

World Football League
The World Football League (WFL) was an American football league that played one full season in 1974 and most of its second in 1975. Although the league's proclaimed ambition was to bring American football onto a worldwide stage, only one team – the Hawaiians in Honolulu, Hawaii – was headquartered outside of continental North America. The league folded in 1975 midway through its second season.
Fields Creek (Kanawha River tributary)
Fields Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is a tributary of the Kanawha River and flows entirely within Kanawha County, West Virginia.  It has a watershed area of approximately 12 square miles (31 km2).

Fields Creek was named after Colonel John Fields, a pioneer soldier.

Fields Creek was the site of a February 2014 coal slurry spill from a Patriot Coal facility.

Kanawha County, West Virginia
Kanawha County (/kəˈnɔːə/ kə-NAW-ə) is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 180,745, making it West Virginia's most populous county. The county seat is Charleston, which is also the state capital and most populous city.
Kanawha County is part of the Charleston, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Al-Jazeera SC (Amman)
Al-Jazeera Club (Arabic: نادي الجزيرة) is a Jordanian multisports club based in Amman. Founded in 1947, the team plays at Amman International Stadium. They compete in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football.

Jordanian Pro League
The Jordanian Pro League (Arabic: الدوري الأردني للمحترفين) is a Jordanian professional league for men's football clubs and represents the top flight of Jordanian football. The championship consists of twelve competing teams in a home and away league system. 
The league was not held in the years:
1948, 1953, 1957, 1958,
1967, 1968, 1969, and not finished in 1998. In 2002, the league changed calendar to a fall spring season, and in 2020 the league returned to a spring fall season. From the 2023-24 season, the JFA decided to return to the fall spring calendar to match the date of the league with the Asian championships.
Paavai Engineering College
Paavai Engineering College (PEC) was established in 2001 at Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India. It is affiliated to Anna University and part of the Paavai Institutions along with Paavai College of Engineering, Paavai College of Technology . It is accredited by the National Board of Accreditation.

Namakkal
Namakkal (Tamil: [nɑːməkkəl]) is a city and the headquarters of Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. It is the first ISO 14001-2004 certified municipality in Asia for environmental management, specifically the provision and maintenance of water supply, solid waste and sewage management, town planning, lighting and other social services. Namakkal is known as the Egg City due to its large egg production and Transport city.
Khunti district
Khunti district is one of the twenty-four districts in South Chotanagpur division of the Indian state of Jharkhand. The district of Khunti was carved out of  Ranchi district on 12 September 2007. As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Jharkhand (out of 24), after Lohardaga. Khunti town is the headquarters of the district. It is historically known as the birthplace of Birsa Munda, and being the centre of activity of the Birsa movement. It is the part of State Capital Region (SCR).

The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.

Red corridor
Red corridor designates the districts of India which have the presence and influence of Naxalites. As of March 2025, the corridor encompasses 18 districts across seven states, predominantly in Central and East India.
Nalu people
The Nalu, also called Nalo, Nanum, or Nanu, are a West African ethnic group found in Guinea and Guinea Bissau. They speak the Nalu language. They have been described as "pre-Mandingas", as they settled in the region before the arrival of the Mandé peoples.: 6  In this context Walter Rodney places them alongside the Landuma, the Baga, and the Temne peoples.

The Simo is a West African secret society which is active among the Nalu and related groups.

Secret society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, membership, and sometimes also existence, are concealed. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.

Secret societies may be community-based or associated with colleges and universities. These societies exist in countries around the world.
Middle Fork Coquille River
The Middle Fork Coquille River is a tributary, about 40 miles (64 km) long, of the South Fork Coquille River in the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins near Camas Mountain in Douglas County in the Southern Oregon Coast Range. It flows generally south, bypassing the community of Camas Valley while passing through the valley of the same name, then curves west and north to Remote in Coos County. The Middle Fork then flows generally west, passes by the small community of Bridge, and meets the South Fork near Myrtle Point. The confluence with the South Fork is 41 miles (66 km) by water to where the main stem of the Coquille River enters the Pacific Ocean at Bandon.

Oregon Route 42 runs along the river from Camas Valley to the mouth. The land in the watershed is used mainly for timber production and farming; commercial forests dominate much of the region.

Coos County, Oregon
Coos County (/kuːs/ KOOSS) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,929. The county seat is Coquille. The county was formed from the western parts of Umpqua and Jackson counties. It is named after a tribe of Native Americans who live in the region. Coos County comprises the Coos Bay, OR Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Hunter, New York
Hunter is a town located in Greene County, New York, United States. The population was 3,035 at the time of the 2020 census. The town contains two villages, one named Hunter on the west, and the second called Tannersville, as well as a number of hamlets such as Haines Falls, Platte Clove, Lanesville and Edgewood. Additionally, there are three residential parks location within town limits: Onteora Park, Twilight Park and Elka Park. The town is on the southern border of Greene County and abuts the towns of Woodstock and Saugerties, located in Ulster County.

Elka Park, New York
Elka Park is a hamlet in Greene County, New York, United States. The community is 2.8 miles (4.5 km) south-southwest of Tannersville. Elka Park has a post office with ZIP code 12427, which opened on August 9, 1893.
Kevin O'Connell (sound mixer)
Kevin O'Connell is a sound re-recording mixer. He held the record for most Academy Award nominations without a win at 20, until he finally won his first Academy Award for Hacksaw Ridge (2016) at the 89th Academy Awards in 2017.

CBS News Sunday Morning
CBS News Sunday Morning (frequently shortened to Sunday Morning) is an American television newsmagazine that has aired on CBS since January 28, 1979. Created by Robert Northshield and E.S. "Bud" Lamoreaux III, and originally hosted by Charles Kuralt, the 90-minute program currently airs Sundays between 9:00 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. EST, and between 6:00 a.m. to 7:30 a.m. PST. Since October 9, 2016, the program has been hosted by Jane Pauley, who also hosts news segments. Her predecessor, Charles Osgood, hosted Sunday Morning for twenty-two years (and is the program's longest-serving host) after taking over from Kuralt on April 10, 1994.