hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brush Traction
52°46′55″N 1°11′50″W﻿ / ﻿52.78194°N 1.19722°W﻿ / 52.78194; -1.19722

Brush Traction was a manufacturer and maintainer of railway locomotives in Loughborough, England whose operations have now been merged into the Wabtec company's Doncaster UK operations.

Blackpool Transport
Blackpool Transport Services Limited is a bus and tram operator running within the boroughs of Blackpool and Fylde and into the surrounding area, including Fleetwood, Lytham St Annes, Poulton-le-Fylde, Cleveleys, Fleetwood. Blackpool Transport is owned by Blackpool Council.
Abd Allah ibn Amir
Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿĀmir ibn Kurayz or `Abd Allah ibn `Amir for short (Arabic: أبو عبد الرحمن عبد الله بن عامر بن كريز; 626–678) was a Rashidun Caliphate politician and general. He served as the Governor of Basra from 647 to 656 AD during the reign of Rashidun Caliph Uthman ibn Affan, his cousin. He oversaw campaigns to reconquer and pacify former territories of the Sasanian Empire (present-day Iran and Afghanistan).

Kufa
Kufa (Arabic: الْكُوفَة "al-Kūfah"), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000.

Along with Najaf, Karbala, Mashhad, Samarra, Kadhimiya and Qom, Kufa is one of the holiest cities in Shia Islam. The city was founded in 638 CE (17 Hijrah) during the reign of the second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, and it was the final capital of the last Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Kufa was also the founding capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. During the Islamic Golden Age it was home to the grammarians of Kufa. Kufic script is named for the city.

The Palestinian keffiyeh, also known as kufiya and worn by Arab men, originated from Kufa, and is worn today to convey diverse political sentiments. Due to heightened global consumer demand, most keffiyehs are now manufactured in China.
Emily Coleman
Emily Holmes Coleman (1899–1974) was an American-born writer and a lifelong compulsive diary keeper. She also wrote a single novel, The Shutter of Snow (1930). This novel, about a woman who spends time in a mental hospital after the birth of her baby, was based on Coleman's own experience of spending time in an insane asylum after contracting puerperal fever and suffering a nervous breakdown.

Lunatic asylum
The lunatic asylum, insane asylum or mental asylum was an institution where people with mental illness were confined. It was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital.

Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylum. The treatment of inmates in early lunatic asylums was sometimes brutal and focused on containment and restraint. The discovery of anti-psychotic drugs and mood-stabilizing drugs resulted in a shift in focus from containment in lunatic asylums to treatment in psychiatric hospitals. Later, there was further and more thorough critique in the form of the deinstitutionalization movement which focuses on treatment at home or in less isolated institutions.

Whilst it was used in the past, modern and more humane areas have been developed as opposed to the unorthodox methods of isolation and questionable therapies used in Lunatic (insane) asylum(s).
Ana Ramírez (volleyball)
Ana Ramírez (born (1981-11-04)4 November 1981) is a Spanish female former volleyball player, playing as a libero. She was part of the Spain women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she played for Diego Porcelos in 2009.

2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 26th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. The cities that hosted matches were Bydgoszcz, Łódź, Katowice and Wrocław in Poland, from 25 September to 4 October 2009.
Charlestown Township, Pennsylvania
Charlestown Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,999 at the 2020 census.

Part of the University of Valley Forge's campus, formerly the location of the Valley Forge General Hospital, is located in Charlestown Township. The other part is located in Schuylkill Township. The campus straddles the township line.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Vaurien
The Vaurien is a dinghy designed by Jean-Jacques Herbulot in 1951, and presented in the Boat show in Paris in 1952. It was meant as a reasonable alternative for a boat with a crew of two,  as much for its low cost, as for its simplicity to sail. The first units, sold in the mentioned Boat show, had a price equivalent to two bicycles of the time. It is a light, but robust, boat that soon found its place among beginners, especially in Europe and Africa. The class has been recognised by World Sailing since 1962.

Boat show
A boat show is a public exhibition or trade fair of current boat models, debuts, concept vessels, or out-of-production classics. Due to the nature of the industry building around yachting and nautical tourism, a boat show may be a social event. Marine manufacturers, ship and boat builders, and yachters commonly attend.

Most boat shows occur once a year, typically for the duration of a week. They may have exhibitions on land or on water. Boat shows are vital to marine manufacturers and local dealers as a public relations exercise, for advertising products, and for increasing publicity.
James Kelly (priest)
James Joseph Kelly (11 November 1877 – 1 February 1939) was a New Zealand Catholic priest and editor. He was born in New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland on 11 November 1877. He was educated at St Peter's College, Wexford and the Irish College, in Rome. He held strong Irish Nationalist sympathies and supported Irish Independence, in New Zealand he strongly supported workers and rights for the poor.

He caused outrage when he called the late Queen Victoria "a certain fat old German woman", and the Solicitor-General, John Salmond, urged the government to have Kelly arrested, but no action was taken.

New Ross
New Ross (Irish: Ros Mhic Thriúin, formerly Ros Mhic Treoin) is a town in southwest County Wexford, Ireland, on the River Barrow on the border with County Kilkenny, 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Waterford. In 2022, it had a population of 8,610, making it the fourth-largest town in the county.
Emelyn Whiton
Emelyn Thatcher Whiton (née Leonard, later Righter, March 1, 1916 – March 1, 1962) was an American sailor.

Emelyn Leonard was born in New York City. In 1939 she married Herman Whiton, who was helmsman of the American boat Llanoria which won the 6 metre class at the 1948 Olympics. Herman repeated the feat at the 1952 Olympics with the same boat and a different crew, including his wife as an alternate. Since she had not participated in the Olympic regatta she did not receive a medal.

Emelyn divorced Herman Whiton in 1957 and married Brewster Righter in 1958. She died in the plane crash of American Airlines Flight 1 in Jamaica Bay, on her 46th birthday.

Substitution (sport)
In team sports, substitution (or interchange) is replacing one player with another during a match.  Substitute players that are not in the starting lineup (also known as bench players, backups, interchange, or reserves) reside on the bench and are available to substitute for a starter. Later in the match, that substitute may be substituted for by another substitute or by a starter who is currently on the bench.

Free substitution or rolling substitution is a rule in some sports that allows players to enter and leave the game for other players many times during the course of a game, generally during a time-out or other break in live play; and for coaches to bring in and take out players an unlimited number of times. In other sports, limited substitution restricts the manner in which players can be replaced.
Guram Kutateladze
Guram (Khita) Kutateladze (Georgian: გურამ (ხიტა) ქუთათელაძე; March 29, 1924 – November 29, 1979) was a 20th-century Georgian painter. He received numerous honors including the title Honoured Artist of the Georgian SSR and the Rustaveli Prize. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1940-1942, 1946) and the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts (1942-1946).

Shota Rustaveli Prize
The Shota Rustaveli State Prize (created in 1965) is the highest prize awarded by Georgia in the fields of art and literature. The first recipients of this prize were Konstantine Gamsakhurdia (writer), Irakli Abashidze (poet) and Lado Gudiashvili (painter) in 1965. Other recipients of the Prize: Mikola Bazhan (Ukrainian poet), Sergo Kobuladze (painter), Irakli Ochiauri (sculptor), Sergo Zakariadze (actor), Nino Ramishvili (dancer), Iliko Sukhishvili (dancer), Ramaz Chkhikvadze (actor), Guram Pataraia (producer), Tengiz Abuladze (producer), Mukhran Machavariani (poet), Tamaz Chiladze (poet), Chabua Amirejibi (novelist), Levan Tsutskiridze (painter), etc.
Llywelyn Breese
Llywelyn Breese was a politician from the U.S. state of Wisconsin. He was born May 13, 1833, in Mallwyd, Merionethshire, Wales. He served as Wisconsin's tenth Secretary of State for two terms from January 3, 1870, to January 5, 1874. He was a Republican who served under governors Lucius Fairchild and Cadwallader C. Washburn. He resided in Portage, Wisconsin, at the time of his election.

Cadwallader C. Washburn
Cadwallader Colden Washburn (April 22, 1818 – May 14, 1882) was an American businessman, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was the 11th governor of Wisconsin (1872–1874) and served 10 years in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing western Wisconsin.  As a businessman, he acquired and grew the Minneapolis Milling Company, creating the business that would later become General Mills.  During the American Civil War, Washburn also distinguished himself as a Union Army officer, and rose to the rank of major general, leading forces in the western theater of the war.

Cadwallader Washburn was a member of the Washburn family of Maine.  His brother, Israel Washburn Jr., was the 29th governor of Maine, and another brother, William D. Washburn, served as a United States senator from Minnesota.  Two other brothers were also notable politicians and diplomats.
João da Silva Feijó
João da Silva Barbosa or João da Silva Feijó, (1760 in Rio de Janeiro – 1824), was a naturalist, mineralogist and Portuguese soldier, born in Brazil.

João da Silva Feijó studied philosophy and mathematics at the University of Coimbra and adopted the name Feijó in homage to Benito Jerónimo Feijoo, Spanish philosopher, who at the time was respected among natural history students.

In 1778, the Italian professor, Domenico Agostino Vandelli, was part of a group that founded the Natural History Museum in Lisbon. João da Silva was part of this group with Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, Manuel da Silva Galvão and Joaquim José da Silva.

The feijoa, a tree that bears green fruits similar to guavas, is named after him.

Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro
Friar Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro (Spanish pronunciation: [beˈnito xeˈɾonimo fejˈxo(o) j monteˈneɣɾo]; 8 October 1676 – 26 September 1764) was a Spanish monk and scholar who led the Spanish Enlightenment.  He was an energetic popularizer noted for encouraging scientific and empirical thought in an effort to debunk myths and superstitions.
Hotshots (1984 film)
Hotshots is a 1984 Filipino youth-oriented musical film directed by Jeric Soriano on his directorial debut. The film stars Gary Valenciano on his theatrical debut, Herbert Bautista, Aga Muhlach, Raymond Lauchengco, Eula Valdez, Jobelle Salvador and Monette Rivera.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Kalaignan
Kalaignan (transl. Artist) is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language thriller film written and directed by G. B. Vijay and produced by Ramkumar Ganesan. It stars Kamal Haasan and Farheen (credited as Bindiya) while Sivaranjani, Sindhuja, Nirmalamma and Chi. Guru Dutt play supporting roles. It was released on 14 April 1993 Tamil New Year. Although it received positive reviews, the movie attracted only elite audience and underperformed at the box-office.

Ramkumar Ganesan
Ramkumar Ganesan (born 3 July 1955) is an Indian film producer and actor. He is the eldest son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan and the head of Sivaji Productions, a film production company that has produced several films, particularly featuring his father Sivaji Ganesan and his younger brother Prabhu.
Kelvin van der Linde
Kelvin van der Linde (born 20 June 1996) is a South African and German sports car racing driver for BMW Motorsport. He is a two-time champion of the ADAC GT Masters, having won the championship in 2014 and 2019, and won the 24 Hours of Nürburgring in 2017, 2022 and 2025. Van Der Linde formally competed in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters for Abt Sportsline. He also made his formula racing debut in Formula E at the 2023 Diriyah ePrix, driving for ABT Cupra as a substitute for the injured Robin Frijns.

2022 24 Hours of Nürburgring
The 2022 Nürburgring 24 Hours (officially known as ADAC Totalenergies 24h Race at the Nürburgring Nordschleife for sponsorship reasons) was the 50th running of the Nürburgring 24 Hours and took place over 28–29 May 2022.
Subconscious
In psychology, the subconscious is the part of the mind that is not currently of focal awareness. The term was already popularized in the early 20th century in areas ranging from psychology, religion and spirituality. The concept was heavily popularized by Joseph Murphy's 1963 self-help book The Power of Your Subconscious Mind.

Self-help book
A self-help book is a book or text that is written with the intention to instruct its readers how to solve their personal problems. They take their name from Self-Help, an 1859 best-selling book by Samuel Smiles, but are sometimes known and classified as "self-improvement" books and media. Self-help books moved from a position in a niche market to much wider adoption and use in the late twentieth century.
Al-Shehri
al-Shehri (Arabic: الشهري, ash-Shehrī, also transliterated as Alshehri, Shehri, or Shihri) is an Arabic family name denoting a member of Bani Shehr, when followed by a sun letter, the l in al assimilates to the initial consonant of the following noun, resulting in a doubled consonant.

Banu Shahr
The Banu Shahr (Arabic: بني شهر) is a tribe from the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It belongs to the ancient tribe al-Azd that has many clans linked to it. As far as ancestry goes, Banu Shahr, Bani Amr, Bal-Ahmar, Bal-Asmar, Bal-Qarn, Shumran, and some others all belong to "al-Azd".

Al-Namas, Tanumah, Almajarda, and some parts of Tuhama are the locations of Banu Shahr.
Michael Viscardi
Michael Anthony Viscardi (born February 22, 1989, in Plano, Texas) of San Diego, California, is an American mathematician who, as a highschooler, won the 2005 Siemens Competition and Davidson Fellowship with a mathematical project on the Dirichlet problem, whose applications include describing the flow of heat across a metal surface, winning $100,000 and $50,000 in scholarships, respectively. Viscardi's theorem is an expansion of the 19th-century work of Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet. He was also named a finalist with the same project in the Intel Science Talent Search. Viscardi placed Best of Category in Mathematics at the International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) in May 2006. Viscardi also qualified for the United States of America Mathematical Olympiad and the Junior Science and Humanities Symposium.

United States of America Mathematical Olympiad
The United States of America Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO) is a highly selective high school mathematics competition held annually in the United States. Since its debut in 1972, it has served as the final round of the American Mathematics Competitions. In 2010, it split into the USAMO and the United States of America Junior Mathematical Olympiad (USAJMO).

Top scorers on both six-question, nine-hour mathematical proof competitions are invited to join the Mathematical Olympiad Program to compete and train to represent the United States at the International Mathematical Olympiad.
Syed Makbul Hossain
Syed Makbul Hossain (Bengali: সৈয়দ মকবুল হোসেন; 1946 – 16 March 2022), also known as Lechu Mia (Bengali: লেচু মিঞা), was a Bangladeshi politician and businessman. He was twice a member of parliament (1986 and 2001) and held the Sylhet-6 (Beanibazar-Golapganj) seat.

Sylhet-6
Sylhet-6 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh.  Since 12 February 2026, it has been represented by Advocate Emran Ahmed Chowdhury of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
Moor Hall Meadows
Moor Hall Meadows is a 24.4-hectare (60-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Moor Green in Hertfordshire. The local planning authority is East Hertfordshire District Council.

The site has a variety of types of meadows, with marshy grassland being the most extensive. Its rich flora makes it one of the most important grassland sites in the county. There is also a small ancient woodland which has a variety of breeding birds.

There is access by a narrow footpath near Moor Hall.

East Hertfordshire
East Hertfordshire is one of ten local government districts in Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire. The largest town in the district is Bishop's Stortford, and the other main towns are Ware, Buntingford and Sawbridgeworth. At the 2011 Census, the population of the district was 137,687. By area it is the largest of the ten local government districts in Hertfordshire. The district borders North Hertfordshire, Stevenage, Welwyn Hatfield and Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, and Epping Forest, Harlow and Uttlesford in Essex.

In the 2006 edition of Channel 4's "Best and Worst Places to Live in the UK", East Hertfordshire was rated the seventh-best district to live in. In 2012, East Hertfordshire came ninth in Halifax bank's annual survey of most desirable places to live. It came first in this survey in 2020.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA50
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORA50 (also known as ACA50) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA'.
ACA50 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and belongs to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs as it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, has the conserved H/ACA-box motifs and is found associated with GAR1 protein. snoRNA ACA50 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of U34 and U105 of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Pseudouridylation is the (isomerisation of the nucleoside uridine) to the different isomeric form pseudouridine.

Isomerization
In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion   or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization.

When the activation energy for the isomerization reaction is sufficiently small, both isomers can often be observed and the equilibrium ratio will shift in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with each other. Many values of the standard free energy difference, , have been calculated, with good agreement between observed and calculated data.
PokéPark Kanto
PokéPark Kanto is a Pokémon-branded theme park within Yomiuriland that opened to the public on February 5, 2026. The park is located in the Tama area. The theme park is a collaboration between The Pokémon Company and Yomiuriland. The name was chosen in reference to the fictional Kanto Region, the setting of Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow, which was inspired by the real-world Kantō region.

According to a press release, PokéPark Kanto will be "a theme park where visitors can enjoy the Pokémon experience in a lush natural environment through various events".

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Assara terebrella
Assara terebrella is a moth of the  family Pyralidae. It is found in Europe, Korea, Japan (Hokkaido), and eastern Siberia.

The wingspan is 21–24 mm. The moth flies from May to September, depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Norway spruce.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.