hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photon Multiplicity Detector
Photon Multiplicity Detector (PMD) is a detector used in the measurement of the multiplicity and spatial distribution of photons produced in nucleus - nucleus collisions. In short form, it is denoted by PMD. It was incorporated in the WA93 experiment. The funding for research and development of the design of PMD was done by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST) of the Government of India. The detector was constructed in the collaboration of Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre in Kolkata, Institute of Physics in Bhubaneswar and group of universities at Chandigarh, Jaipur and Jammu.

Department of Science and Technology (India)
The Department of Science and Technology (DST) is a department within the Ministry of Science and Technology in India. It was established in May 1971 to promote new areas of science and technology and to play the role of a nodal department for organising, coordinating and promoting scientific and technological activities in the country. It gives funds to various approved scientific projects in India. It also supports various researchers in India to attend conferences abroad and to go for experimental works.
Doug Reynolds (footballer)
Doug Reynolds (4 September 1933 – 31 January 2026) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1950s. He played as a centreman in the 1954 VFL Grand Final, kicking a goal in the Bulldogs' first premiership win.

1954 VFL grand final
The 1954 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Footscray Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 25 September 1954. It was the 57th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League (VFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 1954 VFL season.
Bongaigaon
Bongaigaon (/bɒŋˈɡaɪɡaʊ/ ⓘ or /bɔ.ŋai.ɡãʊ/) is a town and administrative headquarters of Bongaigaon district in the Indian state of Assam. Its urban area spans across Bongaigaon and Chirang district. It also acts as the district headquarters of Bongaigaon district and commercial and industrial hub of the west part of the state of Assam. The New Bongaigaon Junction railway station is the 3rd largest railway station in Northeast Frontier Railway zone which is one of the major railway zones in India.

Northeast Frontier Railway zone
The Northeast Frontier Railway (abbreviated NFR) is one of the 19 railway zones of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered in Maligaon, Guwahati in the state of Assam, and responsible for operation and expansion of rail network all across Northeastern states and some districts of eastern Bihar and northern West Bengal.
Rhynchospora cephalantha
Rhynchospora cephalantha, known by the common name of bunched beaksedge, is a member of the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is a perennial herb, found throughout the eastern United States, from New York to Texas. It is geophytic.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Susanna Lo
Susanna Lo (born February 20, 1966) is an American independent film director, writer and producer whose films include Black & White: A Love Story, Manson Girls and Alma of My Heart. Lo's films have been shown at the Berlinale, Montreal World Film Festival and the Torino Film Festival.

Torino Film Festival
The Torino Film Festival (also called the Turin Film Festival, TFF) is an international film festival held annually in Turin, Italy. Held every November, it is the second largest film festival in Italy, following the Venice Film Festival. It was founded in 1982 by film critic and professor Gianni Rondolino as Festival Internazionale Cinema Giovani or the Festival of Young Cinema. The festival's directors have included Alberto Barbera, Steve Della Casa, Giulia d'Agnolo, Roberto Turigliatto, Nanni Moretti, Gianni Amelio and Paolo Virzì. As of 2024, the director is Giulio Base.
Michael Cranmer
Michael Robert Craig Cranmer (born 16 March 1989) is a South Australian cricketer. He was educated at St Peter's College, Adelaide where he excelled at cricket and was a regular member of the school's First XI. He is a right-handed batsman and bowls right arm medium-fast. He is currently playing A grade cricket for East Torrens. In 2008 he was called up for the under 19 Australian national squad to compete in the Under 19's World Cup where he was a valuable asset to the team. He has since been called up to the South Australian Redbacks squad for his first Sheffield Shield game on 13 February 2009 against the Queensland Bulls.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.
Francis Edward Gilman
Francis Edward Gilman (April 11, 1842 – May 24, 1917) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Danville, Canada East, Gilman studied at McGill University before being called to the Bar of Lower Canada in 1865. He received a Doctor of Law degree in 1877 and was created a Queen's Counsel in 1885. A lawyer, he practised law in Montreal. He ran unsuccessfully as the Liberal candidate for the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Argenteuil in 1881 losing to William Owens. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec for Wellington in 1887. He served until his death in 1917 in Westmount, Quebec.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation, Yugoslav Attack
In chess, the move 9.Bc4 is one of the main options in the chess opening called the Yugoslav Attack, which is an attack in the Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defence. Also known as the Rauzer System or the St George Attack, the Yugoslav Attack begins with the following moves:

e4 c5

Nf3 d6

d4 cxd4

Nxd4 Nf6

Nc3 g6

Be3 Bg7

f3 0-0

Qd2 Nc6

Bc4

English GM John Emms states:

I can safely say that the Yugoslav Attack is the ultimate test of the Dragon. White quickly develops his queenside and castles long before turning his attentions to an all-out assault on the black king. To the untrained eye, this attack can look both awesome and unnerving.

Statistically, Chessgames.com's database of nearly 1500 master games shows win–draw–loss percentages for White to be: 46%–25%–29%. Mega Database 2002 indicates that White scores 52% while 66% of the over 1200 games were decisive.

The ECO code for the Sicilian Dragon, Yugoslav Attack, 9.Bc4 is B77.

Vsevolod Rauzer
Vsevolod Alfredovich Rauzer, also spelled Wsewolod Rauser (Russian: Всеволод Альфредович Раузер; 16 October 1908 — 29 December 1941) was a Soviet Ukrainian chess master known for his great contributions to chess opening theory, especially of the Sicilian Defence.
The Wide World Over
The Wide World Over is a 40th anniversary, greatest hits-like compilation by the Irish musical group The Chieftains. It gathers tracks from The Chieftains in China until Water from the Well, as well as four new releases.

The Chieftains
The Chieftains were a traditional Irish folk band formed in Dublin in  1962, by Paddy Moloney, Seán Potts and Michael Tubridy. Their sound, which is almost entirely instrumental and largely built around uilleann pipes, has become synonymous with traditional Irish music. They are regarded as having helped popularise Irish music around the world. They have won six Grammy Awards during their career and they were given a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. Some music experts have credited The Chieftains with bringing traditional Irish music to a worldwide audience, so much so that the Irish government awarded them the honorary title of 'Ireland's Musical Ambassadors' in 1989.
Beautiful Pleasure
Beautiful Pleasure (March 31, 1995 – August 11, 2011) was an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse who won the 1999 Breeders' Cup Distaff and was voted that year's American Champion Older Female Horse.

Bred in Florida by Farnsworth Farms, winner of the 1996 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder, Beautiful Pleasure was sired by multiple stakes winner Maudlin, a son of 1975 Kentucky Derby winner and U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Foolish Pleasure. She was and out of the mare Beautiful Bid, a daughter of Baldski who was a son of the 1970 English Triple Crown winner, Nijinsky.  She was a full sister to the speedy Mecke, a multiple Grade 1 stakes winner in track/course record times on both dirt and turf racing surfaces.

Beautiful Pleasure was sold to John Oxley for $480,000 by Farnsworth Farms through the April 1997 Keeneland sale for  two-year-olds in training.

Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder
Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder is an American Thoroughbred horse racing honor for breeders. Created in 1971, it is part of the Eclipse Awards program and is awarded annually.

Its Canadian counterpart is the Sovereign Award for Outstanding Breeder.

Past winners:
Moorebank High School
Moorebank High School (MHS) is a government-funded co-educational partially academically selective secondary day school, located in Chipping Norton, a suburb in the Liverpool district of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The school was located in Moorebank until suburb borders changed.

Established in 1971 and operated by the New South Wales Department of Education, the school currently caters for approximately 1,021 students from Year 7 to Year 12. This is a comprehensive and selective high school.

Liverpool, New South Wales
Liverpool is a suburb in South Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 31 kilometres (19 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district on the western bank of the Georges River. Liverpool is the administrative centre for the City of Liverpool local government area.
Perelman Building
The Ruth and Raymond G. Perelman Building—originally the Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Company Building—is an annex of the Philadelphia Museum of Art containing exhibition galleries, offices, conservation labs, and the museum library. It is an Art Deco building that features cathedral-like entrances and is adorned with sculpture and gilding. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Perelman Building is located at the intersection of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fairmount Avenue, facing the Philadelphia Museum of Art's main building across Kelly Drive.

Architectural sculpture
Architectural sculpture is the use of sculptural techniques by an architect and/or sculptor in the design of a building, bridge, mausoleum or other such project. The sculpture is usually integrated with the structure, but freestanding works that are part of the original design are also considered to be architectural sculpture.  The concept overlaps with, or is a subset of, monumental sculpture.

It has also been defined as "an integral part of a building or sculpture created especially to decorate or embellish an architectural structure."

Architectural sculpture has been employed by builders throughout history, and in virtually every continent on earth save pre-colonial Australia.
EMC Symmetrix
The Symmetrix system was an EMC enterprise storage array. It combined dozens of hard drives into a single virtual device that was then directly attached to a computer or I/O channel, or shared on a storage area network or a local area network. It was the flagship product of EMC in the 1990s and 2000s.

Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of data and sharing network devices, such as printers.

The LAN contrasts the wide area network (WAN), which not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits or Internet links. An even greater contrast is the Internet, which is a system of globally connected business and personal computers.

Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies used for local area networks; historical network technologies include ARCNET, Token Ring, and LocalTalk.
Bedřich Posselt
Bedřich (Fritz) Posselt was a Czechoslovak luger and bobsledder who competed from the late 1920s to the mid-1930s. He won a bronze medal in the men's doubles event at the 1928 European championships in Schreiberhau, Germany (now Szklarska Poręba, Poland) and finished 12th in the four-man event at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

FIL European Luge Championships 1928
The FIL European Luge Championships 1928 took place in Schreiberhau, Germany (now Szklarska Poręba, Poland) under the auspices of the Internationaler Schlittensportsverband (ISSV - International Sled Sports Federation in (in German)), a forerunner to the International Luge Federation.
David Calloway
David S. Calloway is an American football coach and former player who is the head coach at Waldorf University. He previously served as the associate head coach and defensive coordinator at Missouri Valley in 2025, the defensive coordinator at Arkansas–Pine Bluff from 2023 to 2024. Calloway served as the head football coach at Texas A&M University–Kingsville from 2013 to 2014 and the head coach at Central Methodist University in Fayette, Missouri from 2016 to 2022.

Waldorf University
Waldorf University is a private for-profit university in Forest City, Iowa. It was founded in 1903 and associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and its predecessors. In 2010, it was sold to Columbia Southern University and became a for-profit institution; twelve years later, on January 1, 2022, ownership was transferred to the Waldorf Lutheran College Foundation.
European hip-hop
European hip hop refers to hip hop music and culture originating from Europe. Emerging in the 1980s following the genre's popularity in the United States, European hip hop has evolved into a diverse and influential musical movement. It encompasses a wide range of styles and subgenres, reflecting the continent's varied cultural landscapes and the experiences of both ethnic nationals and immigrant communities. Notable regional scenes include British hip hop and grime, German hip hop featuring both ethnic German and Turkish artists, and French hip hop, which has undergone several distinct eras of development. Other countries such as the Netherlands, Italy, Poland, and Romania have also produced significant hip hop scenes, each with its own unique characteristics and prominent artists.

French hip-hop
French hip hop or French rap (French: rap français, [ʁap fʁɑ̃sɛ]), is the hip hop music style developed in French-speaking countries. France is the second largest hip-hop market in the world after the United States.
Jeff Queen
Jeffrey Richard Queen (born August 15, 1946) is an American former professional football player who was a  running back and tight end for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the San Diego Chargers, Oakland Raiders, and Houston Oilers. He played college football for the Morgan State Bears.

Queen developed into a top-flight running back in 1970, his first year at that position.  He led the Chargers in rushing and also caught 20 passes for 236 yards.  Queen played tight end in 1969 after coming to San Diego as a linebacker.  He also excelled on specialty teams.

Morgan State Bears football
The Morgan State Bears football team competes in American football on behalf of Morgan State University. The Bears compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision, currently as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC). The Bears play their home games at Hughes Stadium, a 10,000-seat facility in Baltimore.

Morgan State began playing football in 1898, 31 years after the school was founded. The team's all-time record is 405 wins, 379 losses and 38 ties. 173 of those wins came between 1929 and 1959 when Edward P. Hurt was the head coach and the Bears won 14 Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) championships. Earl Banks won four CIAA championships during the 1960s and an additional championship in 1971 after Morgan entered the MEAC. The Bears have won three MEAC Championships (1976, 1979 and 2014).
Karen National Army
The Karen National Army, (Burmese: ကရင်အမျိုးသားတပ်မတော်; abbreviated KNA) formerly the Karen Border Guard Force (Karen BGF), is a primarily Karen Buddhist ethnic army active in Kayin State, Myanmar, which split off from the Myanmar Army in January 2024. The KNA was formed as the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) in December 1994 after the insurgent group split off of the Karen National Liberation Army. Shortly after, the DKBA signed a ceasefire agreement with the Myanmar Army, officially joining the army as the Karen Border Guard Force (Karen BGF) alongside the Karen Peace Force in 2009. In January 2024, after intensified rebel operations throughout Myanmar, the Karen BGF began distancing itself from the ruling military junta, eventually splitting off from the Army and rebranding themselves the "Karen National Army" by April. They completed this transition on 1 January, 2026.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Fatema Tuz Zohra
Fatema Tuz Zohra is a Bangladeshi Nazrul Geeti singer. She was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2006 by the government of Bangladesh. She sings Nazrul Geeti and modern songs. She has acted in television dramas, and performed in various programs. She published a book of poems, a book of two rhymes, a novel, a collection of stories and columns and a music book with Nazrul's songs.

Nazrul Geeti
Nazrul Sangeet (Bengali: নজরুল সঙ্গীত), also Nazrul Geeti (Bengali: নজরুল গীতি; lit. 'music of Nazrul'), refers to the songs written and composed by Kazi Nazrul Islam, who is the national poet of Bangladesh. Nazrul Geeti incorporate revolutionary notions as well as more spiritual, philosophical and romantic themes. Nazrul wrote and composed nearly 4,000 songs (including gramophone records), which are widely popular in Bangladesh and India. Some of the most notable Nazrul Sangeet include Notuner Gaan, the national marching song of Bangladesh and O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe, a Bengali Islamic song on the festival of the Bengali celebration of Chand Raat and Eid-ul-Fitr.
Monterosso (horse)
Monterosso (foaled 2007) is a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. He was originally trained in Britain, where he won three handicap races and the King Edward VII Stakes as a three-year-old in 2010. After being moved to the United Arab Emirates he recorded his most important success when he won the Dubai World Cup on 31 March 2012.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Franziska Peer
Franziska Peer (born 6 May 1987) is an Austrian sport shooter.

She participated at the 2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships, winning a medal.

At the 2021 European Championships she won bronze in the 50m rifle three-position women's team alongside Sheileen Waibel and Olivia Hoffman.

2021 European Shooting Championships
The 2021 European Shooting Championships were held from 22 May to 5 June 2021 in Osijek, Croatia. 1,473 athletes from 52 countries competed.

The championship was originally scheduled to only include events for shotgun, cartridge rifle and pistol. Lohja in Finland was scheduled to host the European 10metre event championships for air rifle, air pistol and running target in February. However, travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented this event from taking place. The 10m events were hosted in Osijek.
The Entrance Tigers
The Entrance Tigers are a rugby league club based at The Entrance, New South Wales, Australia.They are competing in the 2025 Denton Engineering Cup & Central Coast Division Rugby League. They have previously competed in the Jim Beam Cup (2003-2007) and Ron Massey Cup (2010-2014). Their jersey is traditionally an all gold jersey with two black 'V's. In recent years they have included white in their jersey.

Newcastle Knights
The Newcastle Knights are an Australian professional rugby league team based in Newcastle, the largest city in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. The club competes in the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. Playing in red and blue, the Knights joined the top-tier competition in 1988, 79 years after the previous Newcastle based team, the Newcastle Rebels had departed the Sydney competition with the formation of a separate league competition based in the Newcastle region.

The club has won the premiership twice (1997 and 2001) and is one of only two clubs (the other being the Wests Tigers) that has never lost a grand final in which it has participated. Notable players include: Paul Harragon, Robbie O'Davis, Danny Buderus and rugby league Immortal Andrew Johns. The team's home ground is McDonald Jones Stadium.