hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory
The Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory (short: Penn State ARL or simply ARL), is a specialized research unit dedicated to interdisciplinary scientific research at the Penn State University Park campus. The ARL is a DoD designated U.S. Navy University Affiliated Research Center. It is the university's largest research unit with over 1,000 faculty and staff. The Laboratory ranks 2nd in DoD and 10th in NASA funding to universities.

ARL maintains a long-term relationship with the Naval Sea Systems Command and the Office of Naval Research.

Office of Naval Research
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is an organization within the United States Department of the Navy responsible for the science and technology programs of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Established by Congress in 1946, its mission is to plan, foster, and encourage scientific research to maintain future naval power and preserve national security. It carries this out through funding and collaboration with schools, universities, government laboratories, nonprofit organizations, and for-profit organizations, and overseeing the Naval Research Laboratory, the corporate research laboratory for the Navy and Marine Corps. NRL conducts a broad program of scientific research, technology and advanced development.

ONR's headquarters is in the Ballston neighborhood of Arlington County, Virginia. ONR Global has offices overseas in Santiago, São Paulo, London, Prague, Singapore, and Tokyo.
Andrew Fowler (Baptist minister)
Andrew Fowler (February 23, 1910 - January 4, 2003) was a Baptist minister, educator, school administrator, counselor, political and religious adviser, church statesman and civil rights activist in Washington D.C.

Virginia University of Lynchburg
Virginia University of Lynchburg (VUL) is a private historically black Christian university in Lynchburg, Virginia. VUL offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs primarily focused on religious studies, business, and the liberal arts. Academically, VUL is structured into three main schools: the School of Religion, School of Business Administration, and School of Liberal Arts & Sciences.

VUL is accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS). The campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
John M. Wood (politician)
John M. Wood (November 17, 1813 – December 24, 1864) was a U.S. representative from Maine.

Born in Minisink, New York, Wood attended the common schools. He engaged in railroad construction in New Jersey and moved to Portland, Maine, in 1846. He was one of the contractors in the construction of the Atlantic & St. Lawrence Railroad, and he also engaged in banking. He served as member of the Maine House of Representatives in 1852 and 1853. He was owner and publisher of the Portland Daily Advertiser from 1853 to 1857.

Wood was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859). He was the contractor for building the Air Line Railroad between Woonsocket and New Haven, Connecticut.

Wood died while on a visit in Boston, Massachusetts, and was interred in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York.

34th United States Congress
The 34th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1855, to March 4, 1857, during the last two years of Franklin Pierce's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census. The Whig Party, one of the two major parties of the era, had largely collapsed, although many former Whigs ran as Republicans or as members of the "Opposition Party."  The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House was controlled by a coalition of Representatives led by Nathaniel P. Banks, a member of the American Party.
João Luiz (footballer, born 1985)
João Luiz Ramires Vieira, known as João Luiz (born December 20, 1985, in Brazil), is a footballer playing as a midfielder.

He made his debut for Marítimo on December 23, 2007, in a 2–1 away victory against União Leiria. His first and so far only goal for the club came in a 4–1 defeat of Sporting Braga at home on April 19, 2008.

U.D. Leiria
União Desportiva de Leiria (Portuguese pronunciation: [uniˈɐ̃w dɨ lɐjˈɾiɐ]), commonly known as União de Leiria, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Leiria. Founded on 6 June 1966, it currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home matches at Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, with a 23,888-seat capacity.
Herzog Zwei
Herzog Zwei (pronounced [ˈhɛʁtsoːk ˈtsvaɪ]; German for 'Duke Two') is a real-time strategy video game developed by Technosoft and published by Sega for the Mega Drive/Genesis. An early real-time strategy game, it predates the genre-popularizing Dune II. It was released first in Japan in 1989 and worldwide in 1990. It is the sequel to Herzog, which was available on the Japanese MSX and PC-8801 personal computers.

Herzog Zwei combines the arcade-style play of Technosoft's own Thunder Force series with a simple, easy-to-grasp level of strategy. It has been cited as an inspiration to the developers of Warcraft, StarCraft, Dune II, and Command & Conquer and is also considered a precursor to the MOBA genre.

Thunder Force
Thunder Force is a series of shooter video games developed by the Japanese software company Technosoft and published by Sega. The franchise is recognized for its distinctive gameplay, graphics, and synthesizer-based chiptune soundtracks.

There are six games in the series in total. The first appeared on the personal computers. The majority of installments in the series appeared on the Mega Drive console. The most recent entry was released on PlayStation 2.
Arthur Thomson (fanzines)
Arthur Thomson (1927–1990) was a British artist and writer, a highly regarded member of British science fiction fandom from the 1950s onwards, both as a fanzine writer/editor and prolific artist (under the name "ATom"). Resident illustrator for the influential fanzine Hyphen, he won the TransAtlantic Fan Fund in 1964 and visited the United States (an event he wrote up for the following year's ATom Abroad). Thomson was nominated five times for the Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist, but never won.

Nearly two decades after his death, Thomson's distinctive artwork still appears in such fanzines as the Hugo-nominated, Nova Award-winning Banana Wings. After Thomson won the 2000 Rotsler Award, it was decided not to present the Rotsler posthumously again.

Science-fiction fanzine
A science-fiction fanzine is an amateur or semi-professional magazine published by members of science-fiction fandom, from the 1930s to the present day. They were one of the earliest forms of fanzine, within which the term "fanzine" was coined, and at one time constituted the primary type of science-fictional fannish activity ("fanac").
Greater Ville, St. Louis
The Greater Ville is a neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri.  The area is bounded by Marcus Avenue on the northwest, Natural Bridge Avenue on the northeast, Dr. Martin Luther King Drive and St. Louis Avenue on the south via North Taylor Avenue and Sarah Street, and North Vandeventer Avenue on the southeast. The Greater Ville surrounds The Ville neighborhood.

Missouri Route 115
Route 115 is a highway in the St. Louis, Missouri area. Its western terminus is at exit 237 of Interstate 70 (I-70) in Berkeley near Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. Route 115's eastern terminus is also at I-70, at exit 248A, in St. Louis, near the McKinley Bridge. The road is locally known as Natural Bridge Road, Natural Bridge Avenue, and Salisbury Street. It is one of two Missouri Highways that has an odd-numbered designation, yet runs in an east–west direction.
Funastrum utahense
Funastrum utahense, synonym Cynanchum utahense, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Funastrum of the family Apocynaceae, known by the common names Utah swallow-wort and Utah vine milkweed. This relatively uncommon perennial vine is native to the Mojave Desert from California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona in the United States. This is a small vine with a highly branched, twining stem rarely exceeding a meter in length with which it physically supports itself on other shrubs and trees. It has small narrow leaves a few centimeters long. Its flowers are bright yellow to orange and grow in umbels. The fruit is a grooved follicle several centimeters long.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Hell Week (Scream Queens)
"Hell Week" is the second episode of the horror black comedy series Scream Queens. It premiered on September 22, 2015, along with the "Pilot", as the special two hour premiere on Fox. The series focuses on a college that is rocked by a serial killer in a Red Devil costume. The episode was directed by Brad Falchuk, and was written by Falchuk with co-creators Ryan Murphy, and Ian Brennan.

The episode, along with the "Pilot", was watched by 4.04 million viewers and received mixed reviews from critics.

Nasim Pedrad
Nasim Pedrad (Persian: نسیم پدراد; born November 18, 1981) is an American actress and comedian. She was a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy and variety series Saturday Night Live from 2009 to 2014. She later went on to star in the Fox sitcoms Mulaney (2014–2015) and New Girl (2015–2018), the Fox horror comedy series Scream Queens (2015), and the TBS science fiction comedy series People of Earth (2017). Pedrad also created, produced, and starred in the TBS/The Roku Channel sitcom Chad (2021–2024).

In film, Pedrad has had voice roles in animated films including The Lorax (2012), and Despicable Me 2 (2013), and starring roles in the comedy films Cooties (2014) and Desperados (2020), as well as the fantasy film Aladdin (2019).
Ari Lahti
Ari Juhani Lahti (born 1963) is a Finnish businessman, owner of KuPS of the Veikkausliiga and President of Football Association of Finland. He is the founder, owner, and chairman of Helsinki-based Ice Capital. He was formerly employed at the Bank of Finland, and was born in Leppävirta.

Bank of Finland
The Bank of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Pankki, Swedish: Finlands Bank) is the national central bank for Finland within the Eurosystem. It was the Finnish central bank from 1865 to 1998, issuing the markka. It views itself as the fourth oldest surviving central bank in the world, after Sweden's Riksbank, the Bank of England, and the Bank of France, having been originally created in 1811-1812 as the Office of Exchange, Lending, and Deposits of the Grand Duchy of Finland (Finnish: Waihetus-, Laina- ja Depositioni-Contori Suomen Suuren-ruhtinaanmaassa) before taking its current name in 1840. Unlike many other longstanding central banks, it has always been government-owned.

The Bank of Finland is not itself a financial supervisory authority, but participates in European banking supervision as a member of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank. It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).
George Springer
George Chelston Springer III (born September 19, 1989) is an American professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Houston Astros from 2014 to 2020. Springer has played primarily in right field and also spent significant time in center field.

Springer played college baseball at the University of Connecticut, where he was named Big East Conference Baseball Player of the Year and a First Team All-American. The Astros selected Springer in the first round of the 2011 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut in 2014. In 2017, Springer became an MLB All-Star, Silver Slugger Award winner, and World Series champion. He was also named the 2017 World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP), hitting a record-tying five home runs, as the Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. He was again an All-Star in 2018, 2019, and 2022. Springer signed with the Blue Jays as a free agent before the 2021 season.

Designated hitter
The designated hitter (DH) is a baseball player who bats in place of the pitcher. Unlike other players in a team's lineup, they generally only play as an offensive player and usually do not play defense as a fielder or a pitcher during a game. Due to their specialized offensive-only role, the designated hitter is generally expected to produce above average offensive stats and production compared to other players who play defense.

In Major League Baseball, the position is authorized by Rule 5.11 of the Official Baseball Rules. It was adopted by the American League in 1973 and by the National League in 2022, making it universal in MLB. Within that time frame, nearly all amateur, collegiate, and professional leagues worldwide adopted the designated hitter or some variant, a major exception being Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League, which plans to adopt it in 2027.
Rattlesnake!
Rattlesnake! is the fourth and final studio album by post-hardcore band A Static Lullaby. The album was released through Fearless Records on September 9, 2008. The album was produced by Steve Evetts who also produced all previous albums by A Static Lullaby except for Faso Latido which was produced by Lou Giordano (Taking Back Sunday, The Color Fred). It is their first release to carry the Parental Advisory sticker. This is the last album released by the band before their break-up in January 2012.

Lou Giordano
Lou Giordano  (born c. 1957) is a record producer and recording engineer who co-founded Radiobeat Studios. He worked at Fort Apache Studios when it was located in Boston, and was a partner in the production company Prodco, which had close ties with Fort Apache.

Giordano received a degree in electrical engineering from MIT. He was a sound man for Hüsker Dü through 1988, and later produced Bob Mould's spin-off Sugar. Giordano also built effects pedals for Mission of Burma.

He has produced a wide variety of bands, including Sunny Day Real Estate, The Connells, and the Goo Goo Dolls.

Giordano is also well known for having produced Taking Back Sunday’s second album, Where You Want To Be.
Simud Valles
The Simud Valles are an ancient outflow channel system in the Oxia Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 19.8° N and 37.8° W. They are 945 km long and were named for the word for "Mars" in Sumerian. Note: Descriptor term changed to the plural (valles), and coordinates redefined 3/31/2008.

Planetary nomenclature
Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is a system of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite so that the features can be easily located, described, and discussed. Since the invention of the telescope, astronomers have given names to the surface features they have discerned, especially on the Moon and Mars. To found an authority on planetary nomenclature, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) was organized in 1919 to designate and standardize names for features on Solar System bodies.
Puri–Howrah Express
The 12837 / 38 Howrah–Puri Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – South Eastern Railway zone that runs between Howrah Junction and Puri in India.

It operates as train number 12837 from Howrah Junction to Puri and as train number 12838 in the reverse direction, serving the states of West Bengal and Odisha.

South Eastern Railway zone
The South Eastern Railway (abbreviated SER) is one of the 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It comprises Adra railway division, Chakradharpur railway division, Kharagpur railway division and Ranchi railway division.
7α-Hydroxy-DHEA
7α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (7α-hydroxy-DHEA; 7α-OH-DHEA), also known as 3β,7α-dihydroxyandrost-5-ene-17-one, is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and a major metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) that is formed by CYP7B1 (steroid 7α-hydroxylase) in tissues such as the prostate gland and by CYP3A4 in the liver. The major metabolic pathway of DHEA outside the liver is via 7-hydroxylation into 7α-OH-DHEA and 7β-OH-DHEA. 7α-OH-DHEA has weak estrogenic activity, selectively activating the estrogen receptor ERβ. In addition, 7α-OH-DHEA may be responsible for the known antiglucocorticoid effects of DHEA.

Serum levels of 7α-OH-DHEA have been found to be significantly elevated in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is unclear what significance this may have, if any.

7α-OH-DHEA is on the World Anti-Doping Agency list of prohibited substances in sporting.

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
2017 Jalisco Open – Doubles
Gero Kretschmer and Alexander Satschko were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Santiago González and Artem Sitak won the title after defeating Luke Saville and John-Patrick Smith 6–3, 1–6, [10–5] in the final.

Luke Saville
Luke Saville (born 1 February 1994) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He has had success as a doubles player where he reached his highest ranking of World No. 23 on 8 November 2021. Saville reached the final at the 2020 Australian Open, partnering with fellow Australian Max Purcell.

As a junior, Saville enjoyed a successful career in which he won two junior grand slam singles titles at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships and 2012 Australian Open. Saville is also a former junior World No. 1 and an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. In January 2013, he competed in his first ATP main draw event at the 2013 Australian Open, but has struggled in transitioning from Juniors onto the professional circuit, reaching his highest singles ranking of World No. 152.
Rider Spoke
Rider Spoke developed by Blast Theory in collaboration with the Mixed Reality Lab was first staged at the Barbican, London in October 2007. Created for cyclists, it combines elements of theatre, performance, game play and state of the art technology. Rider Spoke was built in the IPerG project on the EQUIP architecture.

Rider Spoke has since been presented in Athens (2008), Brighton (2008), Budapest (2008), Sydney (2009, Adelaide (2009) and Liverpool (2010).

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
Border crossings of Albania
Border crossings (Albanian: Vendkalimet kufitare) in the Republic of Albania are defined as boundary checkpoints that serve to control  the flow of people and goods from neighbouring countries to and from Albania. These checkpoints are administered by the border police authorities that record the entry and exit of each person and vehicle followed by the customs authorities that record the entry and exit of goods and cash. Albania currently has 22 operational land border crossings and shares borders with Montenegro, Kosovo (116.3 km), North Macedonia (186.1 km), and Greece. 
This article outlines a complete list of Albania's international border crossings, including land, sea and air entry points.

Debar Municipality
Debar (Macedonian: Општина Дебар [ˈdɛːbar] ⓘ, Albanian: Komuna e Dibrës) is a municipality in western part of Republic of North Macedonia. Debar is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found. Debar Municipality is part of the Southwestern Statistical Region.
Henry Henderson (missionary)
Henry Henderson (1843, Perthshire, Scotland – 12 February 1891, Quelimane, Mozambique) was a lay Church of Scotland missionary in present-day Malawi. He founded the Blantyre Mission in Malawi, which in time became the city of Blantyre. He was identified as one of the three "Martyrs of Blantyre" even though his wife, Harriet Henderson and their son also died.

Quelimane
Quelimane (Portuguese pronunciation: [keliˈmani]) is a seaport in Mozambique. It is the administrative capital of the Zambezia Province and the province's largest city, and stands 25 km (16 mi) from the mouth of the Rio dos Bons Sinais (or "River of the Good Signs").  The river was named when Vasco da Gama, on his way to India, reached it and saw "good signs" that he was on the right path. The town was the end point of David Livingstone's west-to-east crossing of south-central Africa in 1856. Portuguese is the official language of Mozambique, and many residents of the areas surrounding Quelimane speak Portuguese. The most common local language is Chuabo. Quelimane, along with much of Zambezia Province, is extremely prone to floods during Mozambique's rainy season.
M416
The M416, the last of the military 1/4 ton Jeep trailers, can be distinguished from earlier 1/4 ton trailers by its squared fenders. There were two later versions, the M416A1 and the M416B1. The M416B1 used the smaller 6.00 X 16 tires on M422 wheels because it was designed to be towed by the USMC M422 'Mighty Mite' instead of the M151 that towed the M416's and M416A1's.

In addition to the smaller tires, the M416B1 also had lifting rings for airborne operations and jerry can mounts on each side. Approximately 2000 M416B1 trailers were built.

Jerrycan
A jerrycan or jerrican (also styled jerry can or jerri can) is a fuel container made from pressed steel (and more recently, high density polyethylene). It was designed in Germany in the 1930s for military use to hold 20 litres (4.4 imp gal; 5.3 US gal) of fuel or water, and saw widespread use by both Germany and the Allies during the Second World War.

The development of the jerrycan was a significant improvement on earlier designs, which required tools and funnels to use, and it contained many innovative features for convenience of use and robustness. Similar designs are used worldwide for fuel and water containers, in both military and civilian contexts.