hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southern yellow bat
The southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega)  is a species of vesper bat that belongs to suborder microchiroptera (microbat) in the family Vespertilionidae. It is native to South, North and Central America, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States to Argentina.

Lower Rio Grande Valley
The Lower Rio Grande Valley (Spanish: Valle del Río Grande), often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of South Texas, is a region located in the southernmost part of Texas. It is located along the border of Texas with Mexico located in a floodplain of the Rio Grande near its mouth. The region includes the southernmost tip of South Texas. It consists of the Brownsville-Harlingen and McAllen-Edinburg-Mission metropolitan areas, and the Rio Grande City-Roma and Raymondville micropolitan areas. The area is generally bilingual in English and Spanish, with a fair amount of Spanglish due to the region's diverse history and transborder agglomerations. It is home to some of the poorest cities in the nation, as well as many unincorporated, persistent poverty communities called colonias. A large seasonal influx occurs of "winter Texans" – people who come down from the north for the winter and then return north before summer arrives.
Charles Sew Hoy
Choie Sew Hoy, (Chinese: 徐肇開; 1836–1901) also known as Charles Sew Hoy, was a New Zealand merchant, Chinese leader, gold-dredger and a New Zealand Business Hall of Fame laureate. He was born in the village of Sha Kong in the Poon Yu District (now part of Baiyun District, Guangzhou) of Guangdong Province, China, in about 1838.

New Zealand Business Hall of Fame
The New Zealand Business Hall of Fame is a figurative hall of fame dedicated to New Zealanders who have made a significant contribution to the economic and social development of New Zealand. The hall was established in 1994 by the Young Enterprise Trust. Laureates are selected by an independent panel and are inducted at an annual gala dinner.
Subgrain rotation recrystallization
In metallurgy, materials science and structural geology, subgrain rotation recrystallization is recognized as an important mechanism for dynamic recrystallisation. It involves the rotation of initially low-angle sub-grain boundaries until the mismatch between the crystal lattices across the boundary is sufficient for them to be regarded as grain boundaries. This mechanism has been recognized in many minerals (including quartz, calcite, olivine, pyroxenes, micas, feldspars, halite, garnets and zircons) and in metals (various magnesium, aluminium and nickel alloys).

Garnet
Garnets ( /ˈɡɑːrnɪt/) are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.

Garnet minerals, while sharing similar physical and crystallographic properties, exhibit a wide range of chemical compositions, defining distinct species. These species fall into two primary solid solution series: the pyralspite series (pyrope, almandine, spessartine), with the general formula [Mg,Fe,Mn]3Al2(SiO4)3; and the ugrandite series (uvarovite, grossular, andradite), with the general formula Ca3[Cr,Al,Fe]2(SiO4)3. Notable varieties of grossular include hessonite and tsavorite.

Although garnets are often associated with metamorphism, they can also occur in volcanic rocks on rare occasions.
Belep
Belep (French: [belɛp]; sometimes unofficially spelled Bélep; Nyâlayu: Dau Ar) is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, an overseas French territory of France, located in the Pacific Ocean. It has almost 900 people living on 70 km2.

The commune's territory is made up of the Belep Islands (also known as the Belep Archipelago), which lie to the north of New Caledonia's main island (Grande Terre). The two principal islands in the Belep Archipelago are Art Island (a.k.a. Aar) and Pott Island fr (a.k.a. Phwoc). The rest of the archipelago consists of the Northern and Southern Daos Islands, and several very small islets.

The administrative centre of the commune is the settlement of Waala, on Art Island, the largest of the Belep Islands. The local language is Nyêlâyu.

Islet
An islet (/ˈaɪlət/ EYE-lət) is generally a small island. Definitions vary and are not precise, but some suggest that an islet is a very small, often unnamed, island with little or no vegetation unable to support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanent or tidal (i.e. surfaced reef or seamount); and may exist in the sea, lakes, rivers or any other sizeable bodies of water.
Andrew Kuan
Kuan Yoke Loon, commonly known as Andrew Kuan (simplified Chinese: 关玉麟; traditional Chinese: 關玉麟; pinyin: Guān Yù Lín) is the managing director of executive search firm Blue Arrow.  From 2001 to 2004, Kuan was the group chief financial officer of the Jurong Town Corporation, one of four designated statutory boards that confer eligibility to contest in the presidential elections.

Kuan applied to run as a candidate in the 2005 Singapore presidential election.  However, his application for a Certificate of Eligibility was rejected as his seniority and responsibility as JTC's Group Chief Financial Officer were, in the opinion of the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC), not comparable to those required under the Constitution.

Blue Arrow
Blue Arrow Limited is a United Kingdom based employment and recruitment agency that places individual jobseekers in temporary and/or permanent catering, driving industrial and office roles across the hospitality, manufacturing, public service, retail, support services and transport sectors.

The head office is in Soho Square, London.

Blue Arrow is now part of RSS Global Ltd, an international staffing business with operations in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.
Marina Aframeeva
Marina Anatolievna Aframeeva (born 4 March 1991 in Moscow, Russia) is a Russian Olympic dressage rider. She represented Russia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where she on a horse named Vosk placed 32nd in the individual competition.

Aframeeva also competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games and at the 2015 European Championships. She finished 7th in team dressage at the 2015 Europeans in Aachen, Germany.

Her aunt Inessa Merkulova also competed at the 2016 Olympics. Marina Aframeeva was named "Best Dressage Rider of 2017" by an equine magazine L’Année Hippique.

Equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Individual dressage
The individual dressage in equestrian at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held at National Equestrian Center from 10 - 15 August.

The medals for the competition were presented by Syed Shahid Ali, Pakistan, member of the International Olympic Committee, and the gifts were presented by Maria Gretzer, FEI executive board member.
Duncombe v Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families
Duncombe v Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families [2011] UKSC 14 and [2011] UKSC 36 is a UK labour law case, concerning the test for when the continued used of a fixed term contract is objectively justified, and when employees are covered by employment rights during work abroad. The case was joined with Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families v Fletcher.

During consideration of the case, Lord Rodger died. He participated in judgment on the point about fixed term contracts, but not in the judgment on unfair dismissal.

Alan Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry
Alan Ferguson Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry PC, FBA, FRSE (18 September 1944 – 26 June 2011) was a Scottish academic, lawyer, and Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

He served as Lord Advocate, the senior Law Officer of Scotland, before becoming Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session, the head of the country's judiciary. He was then appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary (Law Lord) and became a Justice of the Supreme Court when the judicial functions of the House of Lords were transferred to that Court.
Hoffmannia
Hoffmannia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are distributed in Mexico, Central America, and South America.

There are about 100 species.

Species include:

Hoffmannia congesta – Costa Rica

Hoffmannia discolor

Hoffmannia ecuatoriana Standl. – endemic to Ecuador

Hoffmannia excelsa (Kunth) K. Schum

Hoffmannia ghiesbreghtii – Guatemala, southern Mexico

Hoffmannia modesta Diels – endemic to Ecuador.

Hoffmannia refulgens

Hoffmannia regalis Hook.

Hoffmannia roezlii

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Milad Tower
The Milad Tower (Persian: برج میلاد, romanized: Borj-e Milād, lit. 'Birth Tower') is a multi-purpose tower in Tehran, Iran. It is the sixth-tallest tower and the world's first telecommunication tower in terms of the usage area of the top structure and the tallest tower in Iran and the 24th-tallest freestanding structure in the world. The construction of the tower took about 11 years and 7 months.

It is located between Shahrak-e Gharb and the district of Gisha, standing at 435 meters from the base to the tip of the antenna. The head consists of a large pod with 12 floors, the roof of which is at 315 meters.

The tower is a part of the International Trade and Convention Center of Tehran, which also includes a five-star hotel, a convention center, a world trade center, and an IT park.

Gisha
Gisha or Guisha (Persian: گیشا, also called Kuy-e Nasr, کوی نصر), originally Kisha (from the names of its two founders, "Keynejad" and "Shapourian"), is a neighborhood in Tehran, Iran. The neighborhood was known as a center for youth recreation, shopping, and dating. Guisha is home to the marketplace Bazzar-e Nasr (بازار نصر). The Iranian Bank of Agriculture is also headquartered in Guisha.
Goguryeo restoration movements
The Goguryeo restoration movements were various attempts to restore the Kingdom of Goguryeo after its defeat by the Silla-Tang alliance in 668. After 668, several different restoration movements were initiated throughout the former territories of Goguryeo and some even in Tang territory. A new theory among Korean historians states that Gung-ye, the founder of Taebong, was a descendant of Anseung and the Go Dynasty. This theory has not been completely accepted yet, as more research is still in process.

Munmu of Silla
Munmu  (626–681), personal name Kim Pŏmmin, was a Korean monarch who served as the 30th king of the Korean kingdom of Silla. He is usually considered to have been the first ruler of the  Unified Silla period. Munmu was the son of King Muyeol and Munmyeong, who was the younger sister of Kim Yu-sin. Under his father's reign, he held the office of pajinchan, who apparently was responsible for maritime affairs, and played a key role in developing the country's diplomatic links with Tang China. He was born as Kim Pŏmmin and took the name Munmu when he succeeded his father to the throne. After his death, he was known by the title of Dragon King.
New Mexico State Road 117
State Road 117 (NM 117) is a 62.06-mile-long (99.88 km) state road in north west New Mexico, entirely within Cibola County. The southern terminus is at NM 36 near Quemado, and the northern terminus is at NM 122 and Historic U.S. Route 66 in Grants. NM 117 runs through the El Malpais National Conservation Area.

It is one of the roads on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.

Quemado, New Mexico
Quemado is a census-designated place in Catron County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 228. Walter De Maria's 1977 art installation,  The Lightning Field, is between Quemado and Pie Town, New Mexico.
Lepape
Lepape is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Georges Lepape (1887–1971), French poster artist, illustrator, and fashion designer

Pierre Lepape (1941–2021), French journalist, writer, and literary critic

Sébastien Lepape (born 1991), French short track speed skater

Georges Lepape
Georges Lepape (1887–1971) was a French poster artist, illustrator, and fashion designer.

In 1911, Lepape was selected to illustrate the fashion designer Paul Poiret's latest work. Lepape was a frequent contributor to publications including La Gazette du Bon Ton, which was the leading monthly fashion publication in Paris from 1912 to 1925, Harper's Bazaar and Femina.

In 1916, Lepape designed his first Vogue cover, and had completed 116 Vogue covers by 1939.

His work is in the permanent collection of the V&A.
Corinth, Jones County, Texas
Corinth is an unincorporated community in Jones County, Texas, United States. Corinth is located on U.S. Route 277, 7.4 miles (11.9 km) south-southwest of Stamford. The community had a population of 25 from 1940 to 1990 and a population of 10 in 2000.

Stamford, Texas
Stamford is a city on the border of Jones and Haskell counties in west-central Texas, United States. The population was 2,907 at the 2020 census. Henry McHarg, president of the Texas Central Railroad, named the site in 1900 for his hometown of Stamford, Connecticut. The city is home to the Texas Cowboy Reunion.

Stamford is on US 277 and SH 6. Most of the city is in Jones County. The portion of the city within Jones County is part of the Abilene Metro Area.
Walter Freudenthal
Walter Freudenthal (6 May 1893 – 27 March 1952) was a German-Jewish dermatologist who gave the earliest clear histopathological description of keratoma senile (actinic keratosis) in 1926 in Breslau. In 1933, he moved to London to escape the Nazi regime and worked as a dermatopathologist at University College Hospital (UCH) in London where he coined the term keratoacanthoma in the 1940s.

He worked with dermatologist Geoffrey Barrow Dowling on the connection between dermatomyositis and scleroderma and was later appointed to the first readership in dermatological histology by London University.

In addition to lecturing, demonstrating specimens at the Royal Society of Medicine and postgraduate training, Freudenthal wrote many papers on his histopathological findings, and chapters in dermatology textbooks.

Archives of Dermatological Research
Archives of Dermatological Research, published by Springer Science+Business Media, is a peer-reviewed medical journal that focuses on skin disease. It was established as the Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis in 1869 by Heinrich Auspitz and Philipp Josef Pick. Springer acquired the journal in 1921 and renamed it the Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Dermatologie und Syphilis. In the 1950s it followed the general trend to drop its link to sexually transmitted infections in its title. It became the Archiv für Dermatologische Forschung in 1971 before obtaining its current name in 1975.

Other past editors have included Albert Neisser, Josef Jadassohn, Erich Hoffmann, and Enno Christophers. Its current editor-in-chief is Murad Alam (Northwestern University).
Awila Wachana Punta
Awila Wachana Punta (Quechua awila eagle (from Spanish aguila) or grandmother (from Spanish abuela), wacha birth, to give birth, -na a suffix, awila wachana 'where the eagle is born', also spelled Aguila Huachana Punta) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,720 m (15,490 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Quillacollo Province, Quillacollo Municipality. Awila Wachana Punta lies east of Kimsa Tinkuy and a lake named Warawarani.

Quillacollo Municipality
Quillacollo Municipality is the first municipal section of the Quillacollo Province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Its capital is Quillacollo. At the time of census 2001 the municipality had 104,206 inhabitants.
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Wayanad
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Wayanad, locally known as JNV Lakkidi, is a boarding, co-educational school in Wayanad district of Kerala state in India. Navodaya Vidyalayas are funded by the Indian Ministry of Human Resources Development and administered  by Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti, an autonomous body under the ministry.

Ministry of Education (India)
The Ministry of Education (MoE) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc.

The current education minister is Dharmendra Pradhan, a member of the Council of Ministers. India has had a Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and with the newly drafted "National Education Policy 2020" by the Narendra Modi government, the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to the Ministry of Education.
Valtournenche
Valtournenche (French: [valtuʁnɑ̃ʃ] ⓘ; Valdôtain: Vótornéntse) is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy, 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above the sea level. It is named after and covers the upper side of the Valtournenche, a valley on the left side of the Dora Baltea, from Châtillon to the Matterhorn. Valtournenche municipality includes Breuil-Cervinia, whose ski resort is linked to Zermatt, Switzerland.

Dora Baltea
The Dora Baltea (Italian: [ˈdɔːra ˈbaltea]) or Doire Baltée (French: [dwaʁ balte]) is a river in the Aosta Valley and in Piedmont, in northwestern Italy. It is a left-bank tributary of the Po and is about 170 kilometres (110 mi) long.
Dušan Prelević
Dušan Prelević "Prele" (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Прелевић Преле; 11 November 1948 – 28 July 2007) was a Serbian and Yugoslav singer, journalist and writer.

Prelević was widely known for his raspy voice, his transgressive public persona, and his trademark eyepatch (which he started wearing in mid-1990s, after he lost his right eye in a fight). During his musical career, Prelević released three solo albums and one album with the symphonic rock band Opus. He also made recordings with rock band Korni Grupa and jazz rock band Oliver. Prelević wrote articles and short stories for a number of Serbian and Yugoslav magazines and authored three books of short stories.

Indexi
Indexi were a Bosnian and former Yugoslav rock band popular in Yugoslavia. It formed in 1962 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and disbanded in 2001 when singer Davorin Popović died. Some of their most notable songs are  "Svijet u kome živim" and "Negdje u kraju, u zatišju" with lyrics by Želimir Altarac Čičak, "Plima", "Sve ove godine", "Sanjam", "Predaj se, srce" and "Bacila je sve niz rijeku", which was later covered by many other ex-Yugoslavian groups, notably Crvena jabuka.

Indexi formed in 1962, and their name was derived from the "Indeks" which was a student's grade log. They began by making instrumental covers of popular hits, but in 1967 started composing. They were known as the "Pioneers of Psychedelic Rock", and were inspired by many bands like the Beatles, Yes, and The Guess Who.
Penn Township, Pennsylvania
Penn Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:

Penn Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, York County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, defunct, now part of Philadelphia

Penn Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania
Penn Township is a township that is located in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is referred to as the "Nursery Capital of the World," and was the site of Sunset Park, one of country music's most popular venues.

The population was 5,644 at the time of the 2020 census.
Cross Ranch Headquarters
Cross Ranch Headquarters is a historic ranch located east of Montana Highway 59 roughly 26 miles (42 km) south of Broadus, Montana, USA. Rancher Spencer Fullerton Baird Biddle built the headquarters in 1893, one year after purchasing the ranch. A Philadelphia native, Biddle moved to Montana in 1881; he quickly became a prominent rancher, and by 1885 he was both an early member of the Montana Stockgrowers Association and a representative in Montana's territorial legislature. At the time, ranchers were a powerful influence on state government, and Biddle's legislature passed several laws supported by the ranching industry.

Biddle's ranch headquarters has a French Colonial design, an unusual example of a high architectural style in a ranch building. The building features a porch encircling all four sides and supported by wooden columns, piece sur piece walls, and a hip roof.

The ranch was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1996.

French colonial architecture
French colonial architecture includes several styles of architecture used by the French during colonization. French colonial architecture has a long history, beginning in North America in 1604 and being most active in the Western Hemisphere (Caribbean, Guiana, Canada, Louisiana) until the 19th century, when the French turned their attention more to Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

Many former French colonies, especially those in Southeast Asia, have previously been reluctant to promote their colonial architecture as an asset for tourism; however, in recent times, the new generation of local authorities has somewhat "embraced" the architecture and has begun to advertise it.
Izard County Consolidated School District
Izard County Consolidated School District (ICCSD) is a public school district based in Brockwell, Arkansas, United States. ICCSD supports more than 500 students with more than 110 faculty and staff at its three schools.

The school district encompasses 180.09 square miles (466.4 km2) of land, including portions of Izard County and serving communities such as Franklin, almost all of Horseshoe Bend, Oxford, Violet Hill, Brockwell, Wiseman, and Ash Flat.

The district proves comprehensive education for pre-kindergarten through grade 12 and is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) and by AdvancED.

Horseshoe Bend, Arkansas
Horseshoe Bend is a city in Fulton, Izard, and Sharp counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, Horseshoe Bend had a population of 2,440. It is named for the large loop or horseshoe bend in the nearby Strawberry River.