hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allium weschniakowii
Allium weschniakowii is an Asian species of wild onion native to Xinjiang, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Allium weschniakowii has a cluster of narrow bulbs rarely more than 5 mm in diameter. Scape is rather short of the genus, only up to 16 cm tall. Leaves are tubular, shorter than the scape. Umbel has only a few red to violet flowers.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
City Museum of Mitrovica
The City Museum of Mitrovica (Albanian: Muzeu i qytetit të Mitrovicës) is a museum in Mitrovica, Kosovo, established in 1952. It is currently housed in the former Yugoslav Army House located in the city center.

The museum holds over 1,000 archaeological artifacts from different historical periods, dating back to the Illyrian civilization, and displays over 800 ethnological handiworks, representing the local diversity. The museum houses historical materials and documents and geological and numismatic collections among others.

The City Museum of Mitrovica organizes various of events and activities, including Mitro të dua (Mitro[vica], i love you), an annual event focused on the presentation and the digitization of cultural treasures of Mitrovica, with particular emphasis on the performing arts, initiating this way the foundation of contemporary art section within the museum.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Legal advisor (Poland)
Legal advisor (Polish: doradca prawny) is a legal profession recognized in the Polish legal system. Legal advisors are lawyers providing legal services, not affiliated with any law society or bar association. Practising legal advisors do not have to possess a practising certificate and their activity is based on the principle of economic freedom guaranteed in Polish entrepreneurial law.

Law society
A law society is an association of lawyers with a regulatory role that includes the right to supervise the training, qualifications, and conduct of lawyers. Where there is a distinction between barristers and solicitors, solicitors are regulated by the law societies and barristers by a separate bar council.
USS Jacob Jones
Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Jacob Jones, in honor of Jacob Jones:

USS Jacob Jones (DD-61), was a Tucker-class destroyer, commissioned in 1916 and sunk by a torpedo in December 1917

USS Jacob Jones (DD-130), was a Wickes-class destroyer, commissioned in 1919 and sunk by torpedoes in February 1942

USS Jacob Jones (DE-130), was an Edsall-class destroyer escort, commissioned 1943 and decommissioned in 1946

USS Jacob Jones (DE-130)
USS Jacob Jones (DE-130) was an Edsall-class destroyer escort built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She served in the Atlantic Ocean and provided destroyer escort service against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys.

She was named after Captain Jacob Jones, who assumed command of the Mediterranean Squadron in 1821.  She was laid down 26 June 1942 by the Consolidated Steel Corp., Ltd., Orange, Texas; launched 1 November 1942; sponsored by Mrs. L. W. Hesselman; and commissioned 29 April 1943.
Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co., 520 U.S. 17 (1997), was a United States Supreme Court decision in the area of patent law, affirming the continued vitality of the doctrine of equivalents while making some important refinements to the doctrine.

United States patent law
Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting from a patented technology without the consent of the patent holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent.
Tim Rowe
Timothy Rowe is an American technology entrepreneur. He is the founder and CEO of Cambridge Innovation Center (CIC) as well as the founder of Venture Café. He also serves as a partner of New Atlantic Ventures, Founding Chair of LabCentral, and Founding Chair of MassRobotics.

Previously, Rowe has served as a lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management, a manager with the Boston Consulting Group, and an analyst with the Mitsubishi Research Institute.

Boston Consulting Group
Boston Consulting Group, Inc. (BCG) is an American global management consulting firm founded in 1963 and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. It is one of the "Big Three" (also known as "MBB", representing the first initials of world's three largest management consulting firms by revenue) along with McKinsey & Company and Bain & Company. Since 2021, BCG has been led by the German executive Christoph Schweizer.
Siege of Prekaz (1991)
The siege of Prekaz was an encirclement of the Jashari family house on December 30, 1991, by heavily armored Serbian Militia. Their goal was to capture or kill Adem Jashari, who had committed several acts of sabotage against the Yugoslav administrative apparatus in Kosovo.

Encirclement
Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces. The situation is highly dangerous for the encircled force. At the strategic level, it cannot receive supplies or reinforcements, and on the tactical level, the units in the force can be subject to an attack from several sides. Lastly, since the force cannot retreat, unless it is relieved or can break out, it must fight to the death or surrender.

A special kind of encirclement is the siege. In that case, the encircled forces are enveloped in a fortified position in which long-lasting supplies and strong defences are in place, allowing them to withstand attacks. Sieges have taken place in almost all eras of warfare.
Lynn Wardlow
Lynn D. Wardlow (born November 11, 1943) is an American politician who served as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives, where he represented District 38B from 2003 to 2009. The district includes over half of the city of Eagan in Dakota County, which is in the southeastern part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. A Republican, he was elected to the open seat vacated by Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty in 2002.

Dakota County, Minnesota
Dakota County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Minnesota, located in the east central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 439,882. The population of Dakota County was estimated to be 453,156 in 2024. The county seat is Hastings. Dakota County is named for the Dakota Sioux tribal bands who inhabited the area. The name is recorded as "Dahkotah" in the United States Census records until 1851. Dakota County is included in the Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States with about 3.71 million residents. The largest city in Dakota County is the city of Lakeville, the ninth-largest city in Minnesota and fifth-largest Twin Cities suburb. The county is bordered by the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers on the north, and the state of Wisconsin on the east.
Jama'atu Nasril Islam
Jama'atu Nasril Islam (JNI) (English: "Society for the Support of Islam") is an umbrella group for the Nigerian Muslim community  its headquarter is in the city of Kaduna, and its president is the Sultan of Sokoto.  The organisation conducts Islamic education and missionary work in Nigeria. The organisation was founded in 1962.

Kaduna
Kaduna Listenⓘ is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.

The population of Kaduna was put at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, and as of 2024, the city has an estimated population of 1.2 million people.
Aurimas Lankas
Aurimas Lankas (born 7 September 1985 in Šiauliai) is a Lithuanian sprint canoer.

In 2014 Canoe Sprint European Championships Aurimas Lankas and Edvinas Ramanauskas won silver medals in K2-200 m event. In 2014 World Championships Lankas and Ramanauskas reached the final where they finished in 5th place.

2014 Canoe Sprint European Championships
The 2014 Canoe Sprint European Championships (German: Kanurennsport-Europameisterschaften 2014), was the 26th edition of the Canoe Sprint European Championships, an international canoe and kayak sprint event organised by the European Canoe Association, held in Brandenburg, Germany, between 10 and 13 July 2014.
Neolissochilus hendersoni
Neolissochilus hendersoni is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It lives in the Malay Peninsula and Thailand.

Due to very confusing morphological similarities with the related species Neolissochilus soroides, further work is needed to correctly identify between these species. There may even be a case for describing some of these morphs as distinct, new species.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Hongi Hika
Hongi Hika (c. 1772 – 6 March 1828) was a New Zealand Māori rangatira (chief) and war leader of the iwi of Ngāpuhi. He was a pivotal figure in the early years of regular European contact and settlement in New Zealand. As one of the first Māori leaders to understand the advantages of European muskets in warfare, he used them to overrun much of northern New Zealand in the early nineteenth century Musket Wars.

In order to obtain the muskets Hongi Hika encouraged Pākehā (European) settlement, built mutually beneficial relationships with New Zealand's first missionaries, introduced Māori to Western agriculture and helped put the Māori language into writing. He traveled to England and met King George IV. His military campaigns resulted in the Musket Wars, and preventing them was an important motivator for the British annexation of New Zealand and subsequent Treaty of Waitangi with Ngāpuhi and many other iwi.

Taua
A taua is a war party in the tradition of the Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand. Contemporary knowledge of taua is gleaned from missionary observations and writings during the Musket Wars of the early 19th century and the later New Zealand wars. The reason to gather a taua may be for reasons of seeking revenge (utu) or seeking compensation for an offence against an individual, community or society (blood revenge).
Glas Bheinn (Assynt)
Glas Bheinn (776 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It lies in the Assynt area of Sutherland, in the far north of the country.

A steep and rugged mountain in its own right, Britain's highest waterfall, the Eas a' Chual Aluinn, falls from its slopes.

Glas Bheinn lies between Ullapool and Durness.

Ullapool
Ullapool (/ˈʌləpuːl/; Scottish Gaelic: Ulapul [ˈul̪ˠapʰul̪ˠ]) is a village and port located in the civil parish of Lochbroom in the county of Ross and Cromarty, Scottish Highlands. It is located around 45 miles (70 kilometres) northwest of Inverness. According to the Scottish Government in 2016, the village had a population of 1,520 people, making it the largest settlement in Wester Ross.

Ullapool sits on a deep sea loch, Loch Broom, a significant natural harbour. As a result, Ullapool's port is regionally significant with ferries operated by Caledonian MacBrayne running from Ullapool to Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis. It also serves leisure craft, commercial fishing vessels and cruise ships.

The A835 road from Inverness to Durness passes through the village. This forms part of the scenic tourist route, the North Coast 500.
Today's the Day (game show)
Today's the Day was a British television daytime quiz programme that was broadcast on BBC2 from 12 July 1993 until 12 March 1999. The programme was originally hosted by Andrew Rawnsley until he was replaced by Martyn Lewis.

Andrew Rawnsley
Andrew Nicholas James Rawnsley (born 5 January 1962) is a British political journalist and broadcaster. A columnist and chief political commentator for The Observer, he has written two books on New Labour.
Litoria pratti
Litoria pratti, commonly known as Pratt's tree frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. It is endemic to the Vogelkopf Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia, where the type series was collected. There are no confirmed records of this species after it was first recorded, so very little information exists on it.

Litoria pratti is named after Antwerp Edgar Pratt, an explorer who collected the type series.

Bird's Head Peninsula
The Bird's Head Peninsula (Indonesian: Kepala Burung, Dutch: Vogelkop, meaning Bird's Head in Indonesian and Dutch) or Doberai Peninsula (Indonesian: Semenanjung Doberai) is a large peninsula that makes up the northwest portion of the island of New Guinea, comprising the Indonesian provinces of Southwest Papua and West Papua.  It is often referred to as The Vogelkop, and is so named because its shape looks like a bird's head on the island of New Guinea. The peninsula at the opposite end of the island (in Papua New Guinea) is called the Bird's Tail Peninsula. The peninsula just to the south is called the Bomberai Peninsula.
Blancdieu Hirosaki FC
Blancdieu Hirosaki FC (ブランデュー弘前FC, Burande~yū Hirosaki Efu Shi) is a football club team based in Hirosaki, Aomori. They currently play in Tohoku Soccer League, which part of Japanese Regional Leagues. It was founded in 2012 and aims to be a future J. League member.

Japanese Regional Leagues
Japanese Regional Leagues (Japanese: 地域リーグ, Hepburn: Chiiki Rīgu) are a group of parallel association football leagues in Japan that are organised on the regional basis. They form the fifth and sixth tier of the Japanese association football league system below the nationwide Japan Football League.
Con de Lange
Con de Wet de Lange (11 February 1981 – 18 April 2019) was a cricketer who represented Scotland. He was a left-arm orthodox spin all-rounder and a right-handed batsman. Born in South Africa, De Lange made his first-class debut for Boland in March 1998 against the touring Sri Lankans. He played for Northamptonshire County Cricket Club in the 2012 and 2013 seasons.

In October 2018, Cricket Scotland announced that de Lange was suffering from a brain tumour. In April 2019, the Professional Cricketers' Association confirmed that de Lange had died.

Professional Cricketers' Association
The Professional Cricketers' Association (PCA) is the representative body of past and present first-class cricketers in England and Wales, founded in 1967 by former England fast bowler Fred Rumsey (when it was known as the Cricketers' Association).  In the 1970s, the PCA arranged a standard employment contract and minimum wage for professional cricketers in first-class cricket in England and Wales.  In 1995 it helped create a pension scheme for cricketers, and in 2002 launched the magazine All Out Cricket, as well as the ACE UK Educational Programme
Stevens & Williams
Stevens & Williams was an English glass company located in Stourbridge, established in 1776 under the name of Honeybourne.  It is one of the oldest crystal glass brands in England. In the late 1930s it became known as Royal Brierley, and mostly made fine cut glass ("cut crystal" for marketing purposes) brand. It is now owned by Dartington Crystal and based in North Devon.

Its most notable cameo glass dated from the 1880s when the studio was under the direction of John Northwood. He was also known for the very unusual and complex Moss agate glass vases.

Other engravers at the Stevens & Williams company included Joshua Hodgetts (1858 -1933) and Frederick Carder (1864-1963), who worked at Stevens & Williams between 1881 and 1902. Carder also founded the Steuben Glass Works in Corning, New York in 1903.

North Devon
North Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based just outside Barnstaple, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Ilfracombe, Lynton and Lynmouth and South Molton along with numerous villages, seaside resorts and surrounding rural areas.

The east of the district includes part of the Exmoor National Park, and the district's coast is also recognised for its natural beauty, forming part of the North Devon Coast, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The district borders Torridge to the south-west, Mid Devon to the south-east, and the neighbouring county of Somerset to the east.

The term "North Devon" can also be used to describe a wider geographic area than the local government district, often including neighbouring Torridge District, based in Bideford.
Modern chess
Modern chess is a chess variant played on a 9×9 board. The game was invented by Gabriel Vicente Maura in 1968. Besides the usual set of chess pieces, each player has a prime minister and an additional pawn:

The prime minister (M) combines powers of a bishop and a knight.

The first match was played in Madrid at Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando's cafe on March 18, 1968. The players were Gabriel Vicente Maura himself (White), and Bonifacio Pedraz Cabezas (Black).

Chess piece
A chess piece, or chessman, is a game piece that is placed on a chessboard to play the game of chess. It can be either white or black, and it can be one of six types: king, queen, rook, bishop, knight, or pawn.

Chess sets generally come with sixteen pieces of each color. Additional pieces, usually an extra queen per color, may be provided for use in promotion or handicap games.
Hoplodrina ambigua
Hoplodrina ambigua, the Vine's rustic, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the western Palearctic realm (central Europe, south Europe North Africa, Russia to Urals, south-west Siberia, Tuva, Altai Mountains, Tajikistan, Turkestan and in the Near East – Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan).

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid
Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid is an organic compound with the formula C5H9CO2H.  It is a colorless nonvolatile oil.  It can be produced by the palladium-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of  cyclopentene:

C5H8  +  CO  +  H2O   →   C5H9CO2H

An alternative route involves the Favorskii rearrangement, which is a base-induced ring contraction of 2-chlorocyclohexanone to give the ester  methyl cyclopentanecarboxylate, which can be hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid.

Favorskii rearrangement
In organic chemistry, the Favorskii rearrangement is a reaction of α-halo ketones with a nucleophilic base to acyl derivatives.  In the rearrangement, the substrate extrudes the carbonyl carbon to a primary position, which then acylates the base.  In the case of cyclic α-halo ketones, the Favorskii rearrangement constitutes a ring contraction:
Veronika Shulha
Veronika Shulga (born April 24, 1981) is a Ukrainian football goalkeeper, currently playing in the Ukrainian Women's League for Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv. Having started her career in the Ukrainian Championship's Lehenda Chernihiv, from 1999 she developed it mostly in Russia, also playing for Energiya Voronezh, Lada Togliatti, CSK VVS Samara, Nadezhda Noginsk and Ryazan VDV, with which she won the 2000 title.

She has been a member of the Ukrainian national team.

Nadezhda Noginsk
Nadezhda Noginsk was a Russian women's football from Noginsk, founded in 2001.

It competed for seven years in the top division before it was disbanded following the end of the 2008 season. Nadezhda was third in 2005, 2006 and 2007 and reached the national Cup semifinals twice.
Florida Certified Organic Growers
Florida Certified Organic Growers and Consumers, also known as Florida Organic Growers or FOG, is a non-profit organization founded in 1987. It is classified as a 501(c) corporation. One of the main facets of FOG is Quality Certification Services, a program that extends through 30 states and 14 countries. FOG is also concerned with community outreach and education in order to promote healthy organic lifestyles and social equity.

Social equity
Social equity is concerned with justice and fairness of social policy based on the principle of substantive equality.
Since the 1960s, the concept of social equity has been used in a variety of institutional contexts, including education and public administration.

Social equity within a society is different from social equality based on formal equality of opportunity. Providing hearing aids for the deaf would be considered social equity as it furthers the ability of people to equally partake in society, whereas if they received no aid, they would be treated completely equally to others, but they would not have these opportunities.
Jeanne Adnet
Jeanne Adnet (8 January 1871 – 26 December 1942) was a French seamstress, illegalist anarchist and then socialist. Along with some of her close relatives, like her sister Clotilde Adnet, she became involved in the anarchist movement in France during the 1890s.

While married to a socialist activist she found too moderate, Adnet embraced anarchism—influencing her sister to do the same—and was accused of criminal conspiracy with her group, the Rue des Abbesses group. A few years later, following her sister's arrest by Belgian authorities for counterfeiting, Adnet managed to help her escape from prison by taking her place.

She then joined her in England, where she corresponded with Max Nettlau, among others, before returning to France. In the following years, Jeanne Adnet became a socialist activist. She died on 26 December 1942 in Bagnolet.

Dressmaker
A dressmaker, also known as a seamstress, is a person who makes clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns. Dressmakers were historically known as mantua-makers, and are also known as a modiste or fabrician.