hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Urwa (Iraqi magazine)
Al-Urwa (Arabic: العروة, The Bond) was an Arabic magazine published in Iraq in the 1950s and financed by the US government during the cultural Cold War. The magazine intended to call on Arabs and Muslims to unite against communism, emphasizing the goodness of America and the Western world. The magazine's name was meant as an allusion to Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa, an anti-colonial magazine published in 1884 by Muhammad Abduh and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī.

Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa
Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa (Arabic: العروة الوثقى, romanized: al-ʿurwa al-wuthqā, lit. 'The Firmest Bond') was an Islamic revolutionary journal founded by Muhammad Abduh and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī. Despite only running from 13 March 1884 to October 1884, it was one of the first and most important publications of the Nahda. The journal targeted people across the Islamic ummah, calling upon them to unite. Its firm stance against European colonialism caused British authorities to ban it in Egypt and India. Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa is an Arabic term with religious significance, appearing twice in the Quran.
2015 Karshi Challenger – Doubles
Sergey Betov and Alexander Bury were the defending champions, but decided not to compete together. Bury played alongside Teymuraz Gabashvili, but lost to Yaraslav Shyla and Andrei Vasilevski in the first round. Betov competed with Mikhail Elgin and reached the final, but lost to Yuki Bhambri and Adrián Menéndez-Maceiras, 7–5, 3–6, [8–10].

Sergey Betov
Sergey Aleksandrovich Betov (Belarusian: Сяргей Аляксандравіч Бетаў Siarhiej Betaŭ; Сергей Александрович Бетов; born 15 October 1987) is a Belarusian professional tennis player. He reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 340 on 1 August 2011 and his highest doubles ranking of No. 61 was achieved on 26 October 2015.

On April 29, 2016, the International Tennis Federation found that Betov had committed an Anti-Doping Rule Violation in connection with the consumption of meldonium, but further determined that he bore no fault or negligence for the violation and therefore permitted him to resume competition.

He married Russian tennis player Margarita Gasparyan in July 2021; they announced their pregnancy in February 2022.
Edgars Rinkēvičs
Edgars Rinkēvičs (born 21 September 1973) is a Latvian public official and politician serving as the 11th and current president of Latvia since July 2023. He previously served as the minister of foreign affairs of Latvia from 2011 to 2023, and head of the Chancery of the President of Latvia as state secretary of the Ministry of Defence, as well as a deputy of the Saeima. Upon taking office as president, Rinkēvičs became the first openly gay head of state in a European Union country.

Prior to becoming president, Rinkēvičs had represented Latvian Way, Reform Party, and the Unity party since May 2014. He left Unity after being elected president as it is customarily expected in Latvia for presidents to maintain political neutrality.

Order of the Three Stars
Order of the Three Stars (Latvian: Triju Zvaigžņu ordenis) is the highest civilian order awarded for meritorious service to Latvia. It was established in 1924 in remembrance of the founding of Latvia. Its motto is Per aspera ad astra, meaning "Through hardships towards the stars". The Order has five ranks and three grades of medals of honour.
Western Heights, Hamilton
Western Heights is a suburb on the western boundary of the city of Hamilton in the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand.

Skyline landmarks include Dinsdale water reservoir, the adjacent Newcastle reservoir, one of the largest in the city holding 21,000 m3 (740,000 cu ft), and a block of gum trees. As these mature many have had to be culled.
Google Earth maps highlight the area as the most clearly defined block to Hamilton's west.
Situated as it is to the west of the ridge on the city's boundary, the suburb is a little exposed to wind but the views are good.

Hamilton Boundary Road was renamed Brymer Road by Waipa County Council in 1967, after Mr Brymer, a local property owner. In 2007 $865,000 was spent widening it to become the main road through Western Heights. In 2018 it was used by 3,600 vehicles a day, 60 of them buses on the half hourly route 3. See also - List of streets in Hamilton.

Waipā District
Waipā District (or Waipa District) is a municipality in the Waikato region of New Zealand that is administered by the Waipā District Council. Its most populous town is Cambridge. The seat of the council is at the second most populous town, Te Awamutu. The district is south and south-east of the city of Hamilton. It has five wards: Te Awamutu, Cambridge, Pirongia, Maungatautari and Kakepuku.

Although the official name remains Waipa District, the council sought in 2020 a simpler means of changing to Waipā District, which is the orthographic form it uses.
Édith Cresson
Édith Jeanne Thérèse Cresson (French: [edit kʁɛsɔ̃]; née Campion; born 27 January 1934) is a French politician of the Socialist Party. She served as Prime Minister of France from 1991 to 1992, the first woman to do so and only woman until Élisabeth Borne's appointment in 2022. Her political career ended in scandal as a result of corruption charges dating from her tenure as European Commissioner for Research, Science and Technology.

European Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation
The Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation was a portfolio within the European Commission. In 2019, the portfolio was merged with the Commissioner for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture to form the role of European Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth, held by Mariya Gabriel.

The portfolio was responsible primarily for research and improving the conditions in the Union for researchers. The post is known familiarly as Science and Research; however it involves other fields such as technology, development etc.
Pyralini
The Pyralini are a tribe of snout moths described by Pierre André Latreille in 1809. They belong to the subfamily Pyralinae, which contains the "typical" snout moths of the Old World and some other regions. The genus list presented here is provisional.

They are deemed to represent the lineage around the type species, the meal moth (Pyralis farinalis), a somewhat notorious pest of stored cereals and similar goods. Like this species, Pyralini are usually largish snout moths; some are boldly colored (often in bright brown to yellow hues) by standards of their family.

Old World
The "Old World" (Latin: Mundus vetus) is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously thought of by the Europeans as the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Eyravallen
Eyravallen, currently known as Behrn Arena for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Örebro, Sweden and home stadium for Örebro SK in Swedish second division Superettan. The stadium holds 12,645 people and was built in 1923. The stadium underwent renovation between 2003 and 2009.

The attendance record at the arena was against the local rival of Degerfors IF having 20,066 people watching the game 8 June 1961, and the record in the modern-day arena is 12,523 being during the game against Hammarby IF, on 13 May 2018.

The stadium's grass is astroturf since 2003, and Örebro was the first top-flight club in Sweden to have that playing surface. This was in part due to the harsher winters in Örebro compared to coastal and further southern areas.

Football club KIF Örebro and American football club Örebro Black Knights also became tenants of the stadium.

Superettan
Superettan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsʉ̂ːpɛrˌɛtːan]; lit. 'the Super First (Division)') is an association football league and the second highest league in the league system of Swedish men's football. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Allsvenskan and Division 1. Seasons run from April to October, with teams playing 30 matches each, totalling 240 matches in the season.

The league was created in 2000. The second tier of Swedish football had previously consisted of a varying number of regionalized leagues operating under the Division 2 (1924–1986) and Division 1 (1987–1999) names.
Aspergillus sclerotiorum
Aspergillus sclerotiorum is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Circumdati section. The species was first described in 1933. A. sclerotiorum has been reported to produce penicillic acid, xanthomegnin, viomellein, and vioxanthin.

In 2016, the genome of A. sclerotiorum was sequenced as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project - a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. The genome assembly size was 37.97 Mbp.

Penicillic acid
Penicillic acid is a mycotoxin that is produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ostianus and Penicillium roqueforti mold. It is not a product of acid degradation of penicillin. Biosynthesis of the compound has been stablished.

Its first practical synthesis was reported in 1947 by Ralph Raphael, who had worked on penicillin during World War II.
Medicean (horse)
Medicean (26 February 1997 – 30 August 2018) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire, best known for his performances as a four-year-old in 2001, when he recorded three consecutive wins in important British races. Unraced as a two-year-old, Medicean ran eight times in 2000, winning the Celebration Mile and finishing third in both the St James's Palace Stakes and the Sussex Stakes. In the early part of the following year, the colt showed his best form, winning the Lockinge Stakes, Queen Anne Stakes and Eclipse Stakes. He was retired to stud at the end of the year and had considerable success as a sire of winners.

Celebration Mile
The Celebration Mile is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late August.
National Conservatory of Music of America
The National Conservatory of Music of America was an institution for higher education in music founded in 1885 in New York City by Jeannette Meyers Thurber. The conservatory was officially declared defunct by the state of New York in 1952, although for all practical pedagogical purposes, it had ceased to function much earlier than that. Between its founding and about 1920, however, the conservatory played an important part in the education and training of musicians in the United States, and for decades Thurber attempted to turn it into a federally-supported national conservatory in a European style. A number of prominent names are associated with the institution, including that of Victor Herbert and Antonín Dvořák, director of the conservatory from September 27, 1892 to 1895. It was at the conservatory that Dvořák composed his famous E minor Symphony and subtitled it, at Thurber's suggestion, From the New World.

E minor
E minor is a minor scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has one sharp, on the F. Its relative major is G major and its parallel major is E major.

The E natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Much of the classical guitar repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six open (unfretted) strings are part of the tonic chord. The key of E minor is also popular in heavy metal music, as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.
Dew Barn
Dew Barn is a historic tobacco barn for curing leaves located near Zion, Marion County, South Carolina. It was built before 1935, and is a hewn-timber tobacco barn with a steep, metal-covered gable roof, surrounded on all sides by a metal-roofed shed.  The barn has an arched brick firebox, which supplied the heat for curing.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Curing of tobacco
Tobacco is cured to dry and age it in preparation for human consumption. The color of the leaf changes with aging, also known as color curing.  Tobacco is cured directly after it is harvested in nearly all instances where it is to be used for smoking or chewing.
Facundo González Miranda
Facundo González Miranda (born 16 October 1953) is a Mexican politician from the Party of the Democratic Revolution. In 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico.

LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LX Legislature (60th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 1, 2006, to September 1, 2009. All members of both the lower and upper houses of Congress were elected in the elections of July 2006.
Fulgence Nsengiyumva
Fulgence Nsengiyumva is a Rwandan politician. In 2016, Nsengiyumva was appointed as Minister of State for Agriculture (Minagri) of Rwanda. In October 2016,  Nsengiyumva met US Ambassador to Rwanda, Erica J. Barks-Ruggles, at the launch of the Agriculture Land Information System in Kigali. The system was launched in partnership with the US Agency for International Development (USAID).

Erica Barks-Ruggles
Erica Jean Barks-Ruggles (born 1967) is a diplomat and former United States Ambassador to Rwanda. She was nominated by President Barack Obama and confirmed by the Senate in November 2014. On July 14, 2023, she was appointed as the Head of the U.S. Mission to UNESCO.
Jan E. Tighe
Jan Elizabeth Tighe (born September 16, 1962) is a retired United States Navy vice admiral who served as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Information Warfare and 66th Director of Naval Intelligence from July 15, 2016, to July 2018. Prior to that, Tighe served as the Commander of the Tenth Fleet and Fleet Cyber Command. She became an independent director of Goldman Sachs in December 2018.

United States Cyber Command
United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States Department of Defense (DoD). It unifies the direction of cyberspace operations, strengthens DoD cyberspace capabilities, and integrates and bolsters DoD's cyber expertise which focus on securing cyberspace.

USCYBERCOM was established as a sub-unified command under United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) at the direction of Secretary of Defense  Robert Gates on 23 June 2009 at the National Security Agency (NSA) headquarters in Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. It cooperates with NSA networks and has been concurrently headed by the director of the NSA (DIRNSA) since its inception. While originally created with a defensive mission in mind, it has increasingly been viewed as an offensive force. On 18 August 2017, it was announced that USCYBERCOM would be elevated to the status of a full and independent unified combatant command.
Limits of computation
The limits of computation are governed by a number of different factors. In particular, there are several physical and practical limits to the amount of computation or data storage that can be performed with a given amount of mass, volume, or energy.

Data storage
Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in a storage medium. Handwriting, phonographic recording, magnetic tape, and optical discs are all examples of storage media. Biological molecules such as RNA and DNA are considered by some as data storage. Recording may be accomplished with virtually any form of energy. Electronic data storage requires electrical power to store and retrieve data.

Data storage in a digital, machine-readable medium is sometimes called digital data. Computer data storage is one of the core functions of a general-purpose computer. Electronic documents can be stored in much less space than paper documents. Barcodes and magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) are two ways of recording machine-readable data on paper.
Abbot of Dryburgh
The Abbot of Dryburgh (later, Commendator of Dryburgh) was the head of the Premonstratensian community of canons regular of Dryburgh Abbey in the Scottish Borders. The monastery was founded in 1150 by canons regular from Alnwick Abbey with the patronage of Hugh de Morville, Lord of Lauderdale. In the 16th century the monastery increasingly came under secular control, and was eventually incorporated into the lordship of Cardross. The following is a list of abbots and commendators:

In commendam
In canon law, commenda (or in commendam) was a form of transferring an ecclesiastical benefice in trust to the custody of a patron.  The phrase in commendam was originally applied to the provisional occupation of an ecclesiastical benefice, which was temporarily without an actual occupant, in contrast to the conferral of a title, in titulum, which was applied to the regular and unconditional occupation of a benefice.

The word commendam is the accusative singular of the Latin noun commenda, "trust", or "custody", which is derived from the verb commendare ("to entrust").

Granting a benefice in commendam became most common with monasteries, and the commendatory abbot drew a portion of the revenue of the monastery but without fulfilling the duties of the abbot or even residing at the monastery.
Hambou
Hambou is a village on the island of Grande Comore (Ngazidja) in the Comoros. According to the 1991 census, the village had a population of 753.

Dawiat Mohamed was a member of the Assembly of the Union of the Comoros for Hambou from 2020 to 2025.

Grande Comore
Grande Comore (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃d kɔmɔʁ]; Swahili: Ngazidja) is an island in Comoros off the coast of Africa. It is the largest island in the Comoros nation. Most of its population is of the Comorian ethnic group. Its population as of 2006 is about 316,600. The island's capital is Moroni, which is also the national capital. The island is made up of two shield volcanoes, with Mount Karthala being the country's highest point at 2,361 m (7,746 ft) above sea level. Inl line with the 2009 revision of the constitution of 2002, it is governed by an elected governor, as are the other islands, with the federal government being much reduced in power. The name Ngazidja is sometimes seen in the now nonstandard form Njazidja.
Hampton Ponds State Park
Hampton Ponds State Park is a Massachusetts state park located in the northeast corner of the city of Westfield. The park offers water-based activities including swimming, motorized and non-motorized boating, and fishing plus facilities for picnicking. The park is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Westfield, Massachusetts
Westfield is a city in Hampden County, in the Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts, United States. Westfield was first settled by Europeans in 1660. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 40,834 at the 2020 census.
The Battle of Denain
The Battle of Denain (French: La Bataille de Denain) is an 1839 history painting by the French artist Jean Alaux. It depicts the Battle of Denain, fought on 24 July 1712, during the War of the Spanish Succession.
After the British Army had withdrawn from the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV, the French were able to go on the offensive and win a victory over Prince Eugene of Savoy at Denain in Northern France. This ended a run of defeats they had suffered against the Allies. Their commander Marshal Villars is shown leading his men forward.

The large painting was commissioned by Louis Philippe I for the Galerie des Batailles of the new Musée de l'Histoire de France at the Palace of Versailles. During the July Monarchy a large number of battle scenes were produced commemorating military victories from French history. Alaux received 12,000 Francs for this picture, which was exhibited at the Salon of 1839 in Paris.

Nord (French department)
Nord (French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ⓘ; officially French: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; Dutch: Noorderdepartement, lit. 'northern department') is a department in Hauts-de-France region, France, bordering Belgium. It was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders.

Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The department is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.
Mr. Recoup
"Mr. Recoup" is a song by British rapper 21 Savage and Canadian rapper Drake, released on December 12, 2025, from the former's fourth studio album What Happened to the Streets?. It was produced by Brinx Parker, Shemar Pierre and Whiskerprince, with additional production from Noel Cadastre.

What Happened to the Streets?
What Happened to the Streets? (stylized in all caps) the fourth studio album by rapper 21 Savage. It was released through Slaughter Gang and Epic Records on December 12, 2025. The album features guest appearances from Young Nudy, Latto, Drake, GloRilla, G Herbo, Metro Boomin, Lil Baby, and Jawan Harris. Production was handled by various notable producers, including Metro himself, Wheezy, Southside, Zaytoven, FnZ, Oz, and D.A. Got That Dope, among others. What Happened to the Streets? serves as the follow-up to Savage's previous album, American Dream (2024), which was released exactly 1 year and 11 months before.
Jauchzet dem Herrn alle Welt (motet)
Jauchzet dem Herrn alle Welt is a three-movement pasticcio motet for double SATB choir. It includes music by Georg Philipp Telemann and Johann Sebastian Bach. The text of the motet is a German paraphrase of Psalm 100.

There is some doubt as to who compiled the work: it may have been Bach or Gottlob Harrer, who after Bach's death in 1750 succeeded him as Thomaskantor. Jauchzet dem Herrn alle Welt appears as BWV Anh. 160, that is in Anhang III, the annex of spurious works, of the 1998 edition of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV). Later it was renumbered to BWV App. A 4.: 119  In the catalogue of works by Telemann (TWV) the motet has the number 8:10.

Pasticcio
In music, a pasticcio or pastiche is an opera or other musical work composed of works by different composers who may or may not have been working together, or an adaptation or localization of an existing work that is loose, unauthorized, or inauthentic.
UCCS Mountain Lions
The UCCS Mountain Lions is the official name of the athletic teams that represent the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Mountain Lions compete as members of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference for all 16 varsity sports. The school mascot is the mountain lion, Clyde, with official colors of gold and black, the same de facto school colors of University of Colorado Boulder.

School colors
School colors, also known as university colors or college colors, are the colors chosen by a school, academy, college, university or institute as part of its brand identity, used on building signage, web pages, branded apparel, and the uniforms of sports teams. They can promote connection to the school, known as "school spirit", and help differentiate it from other institutions.