hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
League of Torgau
The League of  Torgau (German: Torgauer Bund) was an alliance of Lutheran princes, including Philip of Hesse and John of Saxony, which was formed 27 February 1526 to oppose the terms set forth in the Edict of Worms. Because it had no substantial military, it was unable to achieve religious or political influence. In 1531, the Schmalkaldic League, a similar alliance that included an army of 10,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry, was formed. It lasted for sixteen years and was more successful in reaching its demands. The League of Torgau was set up soon after the 1526 Imperial Diet of Speyer.

Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed der Großmütige (lit. 'the Magnanimous'), was a German nobleman and a champion of the Protestant Reformation, notable for being one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany. He was also one of the main belligerents in the War of the Katzenelnbogen Succession.
The Beginning of the End (Sworn Enemy album)
The Beginning of the End is the second full-length studio album by the crossover thrash band, Sworn Enemy, released on Abacus Records on January 24, 2006. It was produced by Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed. There is a hidden track at the end of "Weight of the World".

Jamey Jasta
James Vincent Shanahan (born August 7, 1977), known professionally as Jamey Jasta, is an American vocalist, record producer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of metalcore band Hatebreed. He also fronts the sludge metal band Kingdom of Sorrow and the metalcore band Icepick and has released several solo records. He has also produced albums for other artists.

In March 2008, Jasta was ranked at number 87 in Hit Parader's "Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time". Additionally Hatebreed is viewed as an influential band in the hardcore genre.
DIN 31635
DIN 31635 is a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome. The most important differences from English-based systems were doing away with j, because it stood for /dʒ/ in the English-speaking world and for /j/ in the German-speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like th, dh, kh, gh, sh. Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance (one sign for each Arabic letter) and the Geschichte der arabischen Literatur manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr. Today it is used in most German-language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies.

Along with rules for the Arabic language, it also includes transliteration standards for Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu, and Pashto.

Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet, or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is a unicameral script written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, of which most have contextual forms. Unlike the modern Latin alphabet, the script has no concept of letter case. The Arabic alphabet is an abjad, with only consonants required to be written (though the long vowels – ā ī ū – are also written, with letters used for consonants); due to its optional use of diacritics to notate vowels, it is considered an impure abjad.
Feltham West (ward)
Feltham West is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Hounslow. The ward was first used in the 2002 elections and elects three councillors to Hounslow London Borough Council. The ward was previously used from 1964 to 1978.

2002 London local elections
Local government elections took place in London, and some other parts of the United Kingdom on Thursday 2 May 2002. Ward changes took place in every borough, following a series of reviews and 32 statutory instruments which reduced the total number of councillors by 56 from 1,917 to 1,861.

All London borough council seats were up for election. The London Conservatives narrowly won the popular vote across the city by a margin of 871 votes, increased their number of councillors by 115 and won control of 4 more councils. However, London Labour won a plurality of council seats (866) and councils (15), though this was a decline from the 1,050 councillors and 18 councils they had won in 1998. It was the first time ever that a political party had won the most seats and councils in a London borough election whilst losing the London-wide popular vote.

In Hackney there was also a mayoral referendum vote.
Târgu Ocna
Târgu Ocna (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌtɨrɡu ˈokna]; Hungarian: Aknavásár) is a town in Bacău County, Romania. 
It administers two villages, Poieni and Vâlcele.

The town is situated on the left bank of the Trotuș River, an affluent of the Siret, and on a branch railway which crosses the Ghimeș Pass from Moldavia into Transylvania. Târgu Ocna is built among the Carpathian Mountains on bare hills formed of rock salt. In fact, the English translation of Ocna is salt mine.

Târgu Ocna's main industry is salt production, as it is the largest provider in Moldavia. Other industries include wood processing, coal mining, steel producing, and petroleum-based industries.

Siret (river)
The Siret or Sireth (Romanian: Siret, pronounced [siˈret]; Ukrainian: Сірет or Серет; Hungarian: Szeret) is a river that rises from the Carpathians in the Northern Bukovina region of Ukraine, and flows southward into Romania before it joins the Danube. It is 647 km (402 mi) long,: 9  of which a 559 km (347 mi) section is in Romania,: 9  and its basin area is 44,811 km2 (17,302 sq mi),: 6  of which 42,890 km2 (16,560 sq mi) in Romania.: 6  Its average discharge is 250 m3/s (8,800 cu ft/s).: 15  In ancient times, it was named Hierasus (Ancient Greek Ιερασός).
Tame One
Rahem Ross Brown (March 20, 1970 – November 6, 2022), better known by his stage name Tame One, was an American hip hop recording artist and graffiti artist from New Jersey. He was a member of Artifacts, Leak Bros, and the Weathermen.  Tame"s graffiti credibility is as follows, founder of his own Boom Skwad crew, and a member of  the following crews:  LTD NRG FC TC5 CWK TNR YNN TOP QM8 156 CM KAOS INC. IBM XMEN VGL JFK LS AWC NAM BNS VOS DRUG CAC MHS DW AYAK DENIMS AOF MAYHEM CBS WOW TWS WDM PPP LOD DGS "

Between a Rock and a Hard Place (Artifacts album)
Between a Rock and a Hard Place is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo Artifacts. It was released on October 25, 1994, via Big Beat/Atlantic Records. The recording sessions took place at Soundtrack Studios in New York, except for the song "Cummin' Thru Ya Fuckin' Block", which was recorded at Chung King Studios. The album was produced by T-Ray, Buckwild, Drew and Redman, with co-producers Rockwilder and Artifacts. It features guest appearances from Jay Burns Jaya, Redman and Busta Rhymes.

The album debuted at number 137 on the Billboard 200, number 17 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 2 on the Heatseekers Albums charts in the United States. It was supported with three singles: "Wrong Side of da Tracks", "C'mon wit da Git Down" and "Dynamite Soul".
John Jackson (South East Derbyshire MP)
Frank Lawson John Jackson OBE (12 June 1919 – 29 March 1976) was a British Conservative politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1959 to 1964.

Jackson unsuccessfully contested the Labour-held marginal constituency of South East Derbyshire at the 1955 general election, losing by 1,581 votes to the sitting Labour MP Arthur Champion. At the 1959 general election, he defeated Champion, taking the seat with a majority of only 12 votes.

Jackson did not contest the seat at the 1964 general election, when Trevor Park gained South East Derbyshire for Labour. Jackson never returned to the House of Commons.

1955 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday 26 May 1955. It was a snap election: Anthony Eden called the election after succeeding Churchill in April 1955 to secure a mandate. The government won a 60-seat majority, achieving the highest post-war party vote share. It was the first election under Queen Elizabeth II.
Kanpur Airport
Kanpur Airport (IATA: KNU, ICAO: VECX), is a domestic airport and an Indian Air Force base that serves the city of Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located at Chakeri, about 17 km (11 mi) from the city centre, and operates from a new civil terminal. It provides connectivity to major tourist and historical attractions in the area such as Bithoor, Sankissa, Etawah Safari Park, Kalinjar Fort, Kalpi, National Chambal Sanctuary, Bhitargaon and Kannauj.

Etawah Safari Park
Etawah Safari Park (formerly Etawah Lion Safari) is a drive-through safari park in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was opened to the public in November 2019. It includes multiple safaris, an Asiatic lion breeding centre and a visitor centre.
Octagonal tiling
In geometry, the octagonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is represented by Schläfli symbol of {8,3}, having three regular octagons around each vertex. It also has a construction as a truncated order-8 square tiling, t{4,8}.

Octagon
In geometry, an octagon (from Ancient Greek  ὀκτάγωνον (oktágōnon) 'eight angles') is an eight-sided polygon or 8-gon.

A regular octagon has Schläfli symbol {8} and can also be constructed as a quasiregular truncated square, t{4}, which alternates two types of edges. A truncated octagon, t{8} is a hexadecagon, {16}. A 3D analog of the octagon can be the rhombicuboctahedron with the triangular faces on it like the replaced edges, if one considers the octagon to be a truncated square.
Los Angeles's 7th City Council district
Los Angeles's 7th City Council district is one of the fifteen districts in the Los Angeles City Council. It is currently represented by Democrat Monica Rodriguez since 2017 after winning an election to succeed Felipe Fuentes, who resigned the year prior.

The district was created in 1925 after a new city charter was passed, which replaced the former "at large" voting system for a nine-member council with a district system with a 15-member council. At its creation, the 7th district was situated south of Downtown Los Angeles. It was moved to the San Fernando Valley in 1956.

Single-member district
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders.

In some countries, such as Australia and India, members of the  lower house of parliament are elected from single-member districts, while members of the upper house are elected from multi-member districts. In some countries, such as Singapore, members of parliament are elected from both single-member and multi-member districts.
Joseph Livingston
Joseph Arnold Livingston ( (1905-02-10) (1989-12-25)February 10, 1905 – December 25, 1989) was an American business journalist and economist known for his long-running syndicated economics column for which he received a Pulitzer Prize and three Gerald Loeb Awards. He created the Livingston Survey, a twice-yearly economic forecast survey he personally conducted from 1946 until his death in 1989.

Gerald Loeb Award
The Gerald Loeb Awards, also referred to as the Gerald Loeb Awards for Distinguished Business and Financial Journalism, is a recognition of excellence in journalism, especially in the fields of business, finance and the economy.  The award was established in 1957 by Gerald Loeb, a founding partner of E.F. Hutton & Co.  Loeb's intention in creating the award was to encourage reporters to inform and protect private investors as well as the general public in the areas of business, finance and the economy.
Clugston
Clugston is a surname. People with the surname include:

Beatrice Clugston (1827–1888), Scottish philanthropist

Chynna Clugston Flores (born 1975), American comic book creator

Kate Clugston (1892–1985), playwright, poet and teacher

Kathy Clugston (born 1969), Northern Irish newsreader and continuity announcer

Lin Clugston, (1908–1993), British amateur cricketer

Chynna Clugston Flores
Chynna Clugston Flores (née Clugston; born August 19, 1975) is an American freelance comic book creator known for her manga-influenced teen comedy series Blue Monday. Based in Coarsegold, California, Clugston Flores has been drawing comics since 1994 and has worked with Oni Press, Dark Horse Presents, Double Feature, Action Girl Comics, Marvel Comics, DC Comics and several digital comics as an editor, penciler, writer, inker, colorist, letterer and cover artist.
Lytoceras eudesianum
Lytoceras eudesianum is an ammonite species belonging to the family Lytoceratidae. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived from the Bajocian age to the Bathonian age of the Middle Jurassic.

Shells of Lytoceras eudesianum can reach a diameter of 18 centimetres (7.1 in).

Bathonian
In the geologic timescale the Bathonian is an age and stage of the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 168.2 ±1.2 Ma to around 165.3 ±1.1 Ma (million years ago). The Bathonian Age succeeds the Bajocian Age and precedes the Callovian Age.
Marmaduke Blakiston
Marmaduke Blakiston was a 17th-century English priest.

Blakiston was born in York and educated at The Queen's College, Oxford. He held livings at Redmarshall and Sedgefield. He was Archdeacon of the East Riding from 1615 until his resignation in 1625. He was also a prebendary of York and Durham.

Redmarshall
Redmarshall is a village and civil parish in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees and ceremonial county of County Durham, England. The population as of the 2011 census was 287.
Redmarshall is situated to the west of Stockton-on-Tees, just north of the A66 road which is one of the main trunk routes through Teesside. It is home to the Church of Saint Cuthbert. It has a green in the centre and roads such as Church Lane, Coniston Crescent and Windermere Avenue, named after waters in the Lake District.  A small wood is a short way out of the village and down a bank past Ferguson Way. There is a new housing estate called The Langtons being built on the old remains of the mains care home.
Painted Smiles Records
Painted Smiles Records was a small record label, based in New York City and run by Ben Bagley, which operated from the 1970s to the 1990s. It is best known for its Revisited series of recordings of little-known songs by well-known songwriters.

Edward Earle
Edward Earle (16 July 1882 – 15 December 1972) was a Canadian-American stage, film and television actor. In a career which lasted from the 1910s to 1966, he appeared in almost 400 films between 1914 and 1956. He was born in Toronto and died in Los Angeles, aged 90.
Franconian Line
The  Franconian Line (German: Fränkische Linie) is a geological fault in south-eastern Germany that forms the border between the South German Scarplands in the west and the Fichtel Mountains in the east.

The Franconian Line was formed as part of the Variscan orogenesis and was most active between 100 and 50 million years ago, when the Fichtel, with its blocks of Hercynian granite, pre-Hercynian gneissess and Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks were uplifted above its forelands that were later filled with Mesozoic-Tertiary sediments. The vertical displacement is as least 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) near Wirsberg and in some cases maybe close to 10,000 metres (33,000 ft).

Tertiary period
The Tertiary (/ˈtɜːrʃəri/ TUR-shər-ee, US also /ˈtɜːrʃi.ɛri/ TUR-shee-err-ee) is an obsolete geologic period spanning 66 million to 2.6 or 1.8 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start of the Cenozoic Era, and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch. The Tertiary has not been recognised by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) since the late 1980s, with the timespan of the Tertiary now being split into the earlier Paleogene and the more recent Neogene periods, though the Tertiary continues to be used in some scientific publications.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1914
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1914, adopted unanimously on 18 March 2010, after noting the resignation of International Court of Justice (ICJ) judge Shi Jiuyong and that the vacancy must be filled in accordance with the Statute of the ICJ, the Council decided that the election to fill the vacancy would take place on 29 June 2010 at a meeting of the Security Council and at a meeting of the General Assembly at its 64th session.

Shi had served at the ICJ since February 1994. He was re-elected in 2003, and served as Vice-President of the Court from 2000 to 2003 and as its president from 2003 until 2006.

Shi Jiuyong
Shi Jiuyong (simplified Chinese: 史久镛; traditional Chinese: 史久鏞; 9 October 1926 – 18 January 2022) was a Chinese judge at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Shi was elected to the ICJ on 6 February 1994, and became President nine years later on 6 February 2003. In 2010, he announced his resignation from the Court effective on 28 May 2010.
Johan Alm
Johan Alm (1728–1810) was a Finnish painter (living almost all his life in what was then Sweden) and field sergeant.

Alm was born and lived and worked most of his life in the city of Vaasa. Alm's son Immanuel Alm was also a painter. They both worked on religious-themed paintings, including altarpieces such as one at the church in Kaustinen. Alm was also responsible for ceilings and other interior works at churches in Kvevlax and Isokyrö.

Isokyrö
Isokyrö (Finnish: [ˈisoˌkyrø]; Swedish: Storkyro) is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the South Ostrobothnia region, 43 kilometres (27 mi) from Vaasa. The municipality has a population of 4,296 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 356.91 square kilometres (137.80 sq mi) of which 2.79 km2 (1.08 sq mi) is water. The population density is 12.13 inhabitants per square kilometre (31.4/sq mi).

In the name of the municipality, "iso" means big; "kyrö", on the other hand, is a Tavastian dialect and means a quarry, rocky or rugged terrain for hiding. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

According to Traficom, Isokyrö is the most motorized municipality in Finland with 718 cars per thousand inhabitants.
St George's Church, Kendal
St George's Church is in Castle Street, Kendal, Cumbria, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Kendal, the archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness, and the diocese of Carlisle. Its benefice is united with those of St Oswald, Burneside, St John, Grayrigg, St Mary, Longsleddale, St Thomas, Selside, and St John the Baptist, Skelsmergh, to form the Beacon Team Mission Community. It was a Commissioners' church, having received a grant towards its construction from the Church Building Commission.

Selside
Selside is a small village in rural Cumbria, England, about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Kendal, close to the A6 road. It is now in the civil parish of Selside and Fawcett Forest, though it was formerly in the parish of Kendal. The population of Whitwell and Selside civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 296.

St. Thomas's Church at Selside dates from 1838, with the tower added in 1894.  Near to the church, Selside Hall incorporates the remains of two pele towers of the 15th and 16th centuries, with 18th-century and later alterations and additions.
Robert Massey
Robert Lee Massey (born February 17, 1966) is an American football coach and former professional player. Massey was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the second round of the 1989 NFL draft. Massey played professionally as a cornerback for five teams in the National Football League (NFL) from 1989 to 1997. Pro Football Hall of Fame wide receiver Michael Irvin described Massey as the toughest cornerback he faced during his career.

Massey was selected to the Pro Bowl in 1992.  He played college football at North Carolina Central University in Durham, North Carolina.

Massey was the head football coach for Hillside High School from 2001 to 2002, the interim head coach for Livingstone College from 2005 to 2006, the head coach for Shaw University from 2010 to 2015, and Winston-Salem State University from 2019 to 2025. He amassed an overall record of 41–78 at the collegiate level.

Hillside High School (Durham, North Carolina)
Hillside High School (abbreviated HHS) is a four-year high school located in Durham, North Carolina. Hillside is one of seven high schools in the Durham Public Schools system. Of more than 300 historically black high schools that once operated in the state before desegregation, only five remain today, with Hillside being the oldest. Hillside is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Upeneus doriae
Upeneus doriae, the gilded goatfish, is a species of ray-finned fish within the family Mullidae. The species is found distributed in the western Indian Ocean in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It is a demersal species, schooling over sandy substrates, reef areas, and near coastal areas at depths up to 45 meters. It grows to lengths of 20 to 30 centimeters.

Demersal fish
Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone). They occupy the sea floors and lake beds, which usually consist of mud, sand, gravel or rocks. In coastal waters, they are found on or near the continental shelf, and in deep waters, they are found on or near the continental slope or along the continental rise. They are not generally found in the deepest waters, such as abyssal depths or on the abyssal plain, but they can be found around seamounts and islands. The word demersal comes from the Latin demergere, which means to sink.

Demersal fish are bottom feeders. They can be contrasted with pelagic fish, which live and feed away from the bottom in the open water column.
Demersal fish fillets contain little fish oil (one to four per cent), whereas pelagic fish can contain up to 30 per cent.
MEO (telecommunication company)
MEO (formerly TMN and PTC) is a mobile and fixed telecommunications service and brand from Altice Portugal (formerly Portugal Telecom), managed by MEO - Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia. The service was piloted in Lisbon in 2007 and was later extended to Porto and Castelo Branco.

It was created on September 18, 2000, about 9 months after the liberalization of the Fixed Telecommunications Market in Portugal, it was considered the Historic Fixed Network Operator. On December 29, 2014, Portugal Telecom extinguished the subsidiary TMN, which in January had changed its name to "MEO", integrating its subsidiary into PT Comunicações. On the same date, PT Comunicações adopted the name of the extinct subsidiary – "MEO – Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia".

Castelo Branco, Portugal
Castelo Branco (European Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐʃˈtɛlu ˈβɾɐ̃ku] ⓘ), officially the City of Castelo Branco (Portuguese: Cidade de Castelo Branco), is an inland city and municipality in Central Portugal. It has 34,455 inhabitants in its urban area (2021) and is the seat of the district of the same name. The municipality, with 52,272 inhabitants, is made up of 19 freguesias (civil parishes) spread through 1,438.19 km2 (555.29 sq mi), making it the 3rd largest in Portugal by total land area.

The municipality is bounded in the north by Fundão, in the east by Idanha-a-Nova, in the south by Spain, in the southwest by Vila Velha de Ródão, and in the west by Proença-a-Nova and Oleiros.