hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James M. Hill Memorial High School
James M. Hill Memorial High School is one of two public, English language high schools in the city of Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada. It serves principally students from the south side of the Miramichi River, from the smaller communities of Chatham, Loggieville, Chatham Head, Nelson, Barnaby River, and Napan.  It is named in honour of the Reverend James M. Hill.

Nelson-Miramichi, New Brunswick
Nelson-Miramichi is a suburban neighbourhood in the city of Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada.

Prior to municipal amalgamation on January 1, 1995, Nelson-Miramichi was an incorporated village in Northumberland County and one of the oldest European settlements in the Miramichi Valley.

Earl J. English’s history of the community, titled Nelson and Its Neighbours: 300 Years on the Miramichi, published in 1987, lists it as "one of the oldest settlements on the Miramichi. It goes back to the time of William Davidson (lumberman)." English wrote that "According to J. L. O’Brien, the Parish of Nelson was first known as Dower’s Settlement, Southwest."
Fuchsite
Fuchsite, also known as chrome mica, is a chromium (Cr)-rich variety of the mineral muscovite, belonging to the mica group of phyllosilicate minerals, with the chemical formula K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2.

Trivalent chromium replaces one of the aluminium (Al) atoms in the general muscovite formula producing the apple green hue distinctive of fuchsite. It is often found in minute micaceous aggregates (with individual plates barely visible), as a major component of chromium rich phyllitic or schistose metamorphic rocks of the greenschist facies.

Verdite is a type of metamorphic rock made mostly of an impure, often multicolored, variety of fuchsite. It is used for ornamental carvings.

Fuchsite is named after the German chemist and mineralogist Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs.

Valence (chemistry)
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given chemical element typically forms. Double bonds are considered to be two bonds, triple bonds to be three, quadruple bonds to be four, quintuple bonds to be five and sextuple bonds to be six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related concepts of the coordination number, the oxidation state, or the number of valence electrons for a given atom.
William Bayard
William Bayard (21 August 1814 – 17 December 1907) was a physician in New Brunswick. He was the son of Dr. Robert Bayard, also a noted physician and author.

Bayard was born in Kentville, Nova Scotia, and received his medical training in New York State and at the University of Edinburgh. He received his MD in 1837. He then practiced medicine with his father, Robert Bayard, in Saint John, New Brunswick and continued the practice after his father's death. He was the coroner of that city for 30 years.

Kentville
The Town of Kentville is an incorporated town in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the most populous town in the Annapolis Valley. As of 2021, the town's population was 6,630. Its census agglomeration is 26,929.
Abu Ali Farmadi
Fazal bin Muhammad bin Ali (Arabic: فضل بن محمد بن علي,; born 1016 - 1084) commonly known as "Abu Ali Farmadi" or just "Abu Ali" was a saint of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain, and a prominent Sufi master and preacher from Ṭūs, Khorasan Iran. He is well known for being a teacher of Al-Ghazali during his youth.

Tus, Iran
Tus (Persian: توس, romanized: Ṭūs) is an ancient city in Khorasan near Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. To the ancient Greeks, it was known as Susia (Ancient Greek: Σούσια). It was also known as Tusa. Tus was divided into four cities, Tabran, Radakan, Noan and Teroid, which in combination formed largest city in the region in the fifth century.
Philip Wadler
Philip Lee Wadler (born April 8, 1956) is a UK-based American computer scientist known for his contributions to programming language design and type theory. He holds the position of Personal Chair of theoretical computer science at the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science at the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh. He has contributed to the theory behind functional programming and the use of monads; and the designs of the purely functional language Haskell and the XQuery declarative query language. In 1984, he created the Orwell language. Wadler was involved in adding generic types to Java 5.0. He is also author of "Theorems for free!", a paper that gave rise to much research on functional language optimization (see also Parametricity).

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
Ivanovo State University
Ivanovo State University (Russian: Ива́новский госуда́рственный университе́т) or IvSU (Russian: ИвГУ) is in Ivanovo, about 300 km east of Moscow, Russia. The university was founded in 1918; before 1974, it was called Ivanovo State Pedagogical Institute.

IvSU has accreditation and a license from the Russian Ministry of Education. IvSU has different types of programs from a traditional five-year specialist degree to a four-year bachelor's degree and a two-year master's degree following the modernization of the Russian education system and the Bologna Process.

Specialist degree
The specialist degree is an academic degree conferred by a college or university. The degree is formatted differently worldwide and may be either a five-year program or a doctoral level graduate program that occurs after a master's degree but before a doctoral degree. In the post-Soviet system, the degree is between a bachelor's and a master's degree.
Cat gecko
The cat gecko (Aeluroscalabotes felinus) is a species of gecko found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia and Thailand. It is the only species within the genus Aeluroscalabotes. It is commonly called the cat gecko because of its habit of curling up with its tail around itself when it sleeps, similar to a cat.

Tail
The tail is the elongated section at the rear end of a bilaterian animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage extending backwards from the midline of the torso. In vertebrate animals that evolved to lose their tails (e.g. frogs and hominid primates), the coccyx is the homologous vestigial of the tail. While tails are primarily considered a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates such as scorpions and springtails, as well as snails and slugs, have tail-like appendages that are also referred to as tails.

Tail-shaped objects are sometimes referred to as "caudate" (e.g. caudate lobe, caudate nucleus), and the body part associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective "caudal" (which is considered a more precise anatomical terminology).
Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session
Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session is a live album by baritone saxophonist Pepper Adams featuring trumpeter Kenny Wheeler which was recorded in August 1983 and originally released on the Uptown label in 1984 as Live at Fat Tuesdays then released on CD with additional tracks on Reservoir Records in 1990.

Reservoir Records
Reservoir Records is jazz record label founded in 1987 by Mark and Kayla Feldman, with special attention given to a piano series. Its catalogue includes music by Kenny Barron, Nick Brignola, Steve Kuhn, Hod O'Brien, Claudio Roditi, Pepper Adams, Tommy Flanagan, Al Grey, Peter Leitch, J. R. Monterose, Ralph Moore, Valery Ponomarev, Joe Puma, Don Sickler, and Buddy Tate.
Edo wazao
Edo wazao (江戸和竿) is a style of handcrafted Japanese fishing rods that originated during the Edo period (1603–1868).  These rods are predominantly made in the Kanto region, such as Tokyo and the neighboring prefectures of Chiba and Saitama, where artisans continue the traditional methods that have been passed on for generations.

Due to the position of Tokyo near the Pacific Ocean and various rivers, there was a wide array of fish. Different rods are used to catch different fish, such as tanago and wakasagi. Tanago are a carp that grown only up to 6 to 10 cm, and the smaller the catch the more highly it is regarded.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Number Theory: An Approach Through History from Hammurapi to Legendre
Number Theory: An Approach Through History from Hammurapi to Legendre is a book on the history of number theory, written by André Weil and published in 1984.

The book reviews over three millennia of research on numbers but the key focus is on mathematicians from the 17th century to the 19th, in particular, on the works of the mathematicians Fermat, Euler, Lagrange, and Legendre paved the way for modern number theory. It does not discuss many of the developments in the field after the work of Gauss in Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. However, it does indicate some of the developments in fields which directly arise from these works, in particular, the theory of elliptic curves.

André Weil
André Weil (/veɪ/; French: [ɑ̃dʁe vɛj]; 6 May 1906 – 6 August 1998) was a French mathematician, known for his foundational work in number theory and algebraic geometry. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century. His influence is due
both to his original contributions to a remarkably broad
spectrum of mathematical theories, and to the mark 
he left on mathematical practice and style, through
some of his own works as well as through the Bourbaki group, of which he was one of the principal
founders.
Aðalsteinsson
Aðalsteinsson is an Icelandic patronymic surname, literally meaning "son of Aðalsteinn". Notable people with the surname include:

Aðalsteinn Aðalsteinsson (born 1962), Icelandic footballer

Arnór Sveinn Aðalsteinsson (born 1986), Icelandic footballer

Baldur Ingimar Aðalsteinsson (born 1980), Icelandic footballer

Jón Hnefill Aðalsteinsson (1927–2010), Icelandic scholar and folklorist

Þorbergur Aðalsteinsson (born 1956), Icelandic handball player

Baldur Ingimar Aðalsteinsson
Baldur Ingimar Aðalsteinsson (born 12 February 1980) is an Icelandic retired footballer. He played several seasons in the Icelandic top-tier and was capped eight times for the Iceland national team.

Baldur started his career with Völsungur before moving to ÍA Akranes in 1999.
Jose Slaughter
Jose Dan Slaughter (born September 9, 1960) is an American former basketball player. He was a 6'5" 220 lb (100 kg) shooting guard and attended the University of Portland.

Slaughter played for the NBA's Indiana Pacers during the 1982-83 season, averaging 5.7 points and 1.9 rebounds per game. He was originally selected by the Pacers with the 20th pick in the second round (43rd overall) of the 1982 NBA draft.

Slaughter played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) for the Wisconsin Flyers, Rochester Flyers, Rockford Lightning, Quad City Thunder, Albany Patroons and Yakima SunKings from 1983 to 1992. He was selected to the All-CBA First Team in 1985, All-Defensive First Team in 1985 and All-Defensive Second Team in 1984.

University of Portland
The University of Portland (UP) is a private Catholic university in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1901 and is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross, which also founded UP's sister school, the University of Notre Dame. UP enrolls approximately 3,700 students.

The campus is in the University Park neighborhood near St. Johns, on a bluff overlooking the Willamette River. With a college of arts and sciences, a graduate school, and schools of business, education, engineering, and nursing and health innovations, it is Oregon's only comprehensive Catholic university. UP is North Portland's largest corporation and has an annual economic impact on Portland of $170 million. More than 17,000 alumni live in the Portland metropolitan area.
Cobra Crack
Cobra Crack is a 45-metre (148-foot) long traditional climbing route on a thin crack up an overhanging granite rock face on Stawamus Chief, in Squamish, British Columbia. The route was first ascended by Peter Croft and Tami Knight in 1981 as an aid climb. After it rebuffed many leading climbers, most notably Swiss climber Didier Berthod in 2005, the Canadian climber Sonnie Trotter made the first free ascent in 2006. With subsequent ascents, the consensus grade has settled at 5.14b (8c), which ranked the route as one of the hardest crack climbs in the world, and almost two decades later, it is still considered one of the world's hardest traditional climbing routes.

Climbing (magazine)
Climbing is a major US-based rock climbing magazine first published in 1970. In 2007, it was bought by Skram Media, the publisher of Urban Climber Magazine. The headquarters of the magazine is in Boulder, Colorado. It is published nine times a year. Climbing was purchased by Outside in 2021.
Zbigniew Robert Promiński
Zbigniew Robert Promiński (born 30 December 1978 in Tczew), stage name Inferno, is a Polish heavy metal musician, best known as the drummer for extreme metal band Behemoth. He has also contributed to bands such as Azarath, Witchmaster, Damnation, Deus Mortem, Artrosis, Christ Agony, and Devilyn. Also, his endorsements include Paiste cymbals, Czarcie Kopyto pedals, Pearl drums, Evans Drumheads, and Vic Firth drumsticks.

Inferno joined Behemoth in 1997. He left the group briefly in 1999 during the release of Satanica, but returned in early 2000.

At the 2008 NAMM Show, Spaun Drums unveiled a 8x14 signature Inferno snare drum. The 18 ply Maple/Birch snare drum features a gun-metal finish with custom graphics and diecast hoops.

Paiste
Paiste (English pronunciation: /ˈpaɪsti/ PY-stee, Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpɑiste]) is a Swiss musical instrument manufacturing company. It is the world's third largest manufacturer of cymbals, gongs, and metal percussion. Paiste is an Estonian and Finnish word that means "shine".

Apart from cymbals and gongs, Paiste has also manufactured other percussion instruments, including crotal bells, finger cymbals, and cowbells, which were later discontinued.
Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union (NCPSU; Russian: Неокоммунистическая партия Советского Союза; НКПСС; Neokommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza, NKPSS) was a clandestine far-left group, which existed in the Soviet Union between September 1974 and January 1985. NCPSU is seen by modern researchers as one of the first organizations of the New Left in the USSR. However, Austrian researcher Hans Azenbaum, who studied the ideology of NCPSU, tends to view this party as the one focusing on the "third way", i.e. neither capitalism, nor real socialism.

Real socialism
Real socialism, better known as actually existing socialism, also developed socialism, was an ideological catchphrase popularized during the Brezhnev era in the Eastern Bloc countries and the Soviet Union.

The term referred to the Soviet-type economic planning implemented by the Eastern Bloc at that particular time. From the 1960s onward, Communist states such as Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia began to argue that their policies represented what was realistically feasible given their level of productivity.

The concept of real socialism alluded to a highly developed socialist system in the future. The actual party claims of nomenclatory socialism began to acquire not only negative, but also sarcastic meanings. In later years and especially after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the term began to be remembered as a reference to Soviet-style socialism.
2026 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's super-G
The men's super-G in the 2026 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup is scheduled to consist of nine events, including the final.  The season is scheduled to begin with a super-G at Copper Mountain, Colorado (U.S.) on 27 November 2025 (the first World Cup visit to Copper Mountain for the men since 1976), followed by a visit to nearby Beaver Creek on 6 December 2025 and then to proceed to Europe for the remainder of the races, according to the initial schedule released on 12 June 2025. Among those races is a first: for the first time ever, an Alpine World Cup race is being held in Livigno, Italy, on the Tagliede – Li Zeta slope.

The season will be interrupted for the quadrennial 2026 Winter Olympics in three regions in Italy – Milan, the Stelvio Pass, and Cortina d'Ampezzo – during 6–22 February 2026. All of the Alpine skiing events for men are scheduled to take place on the classic Stelvio course at Bormio. The championship in men's super-G is scheduled to be held on Wednesday, 11 February.

Beaver Creek Resort
Beaver Creek Resort is an alpine ski resort in the western United States, near Avon, Colorado. The resort comprises three villages, the main Beaver Creek Village, Bachelor Gulch, and Arrowhead to the west. The resort is owned and operated by Vail Resorts which operates multiple additional resorts. Beaver Creek is a regular host of World Cup events, usually in early December.
Mass graves in Sudan
The Mass graves in Sudan are a set of possible mass graves scattered throughout the territory of Sudan, especially in the southern part. Internet users reported these possible mass graves that were found while searching in Google Earth.

Mass grave
A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial.  Mass graves are usually created after many people die or are killed, and there is a desire to bury the corpses quickly for sanitation concerns. Although mass graves can be used during major conflicts such as war and crime, they may also be used after a famine, epidemic, or natural disaster. In disasters, mass graves are used temporarily for infection and disease control. In such cases, there is often a breakdown of the social infrastructure that would enable proper identification and the individual disposal of each body.

The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of execution, although an exact definition is not unanimously agreed upon.
Frenchman's Cay
Frenchman's Cay is an island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. It is located 2 km (1.2 mi) southeast from Great Thatch and is located just east of Little Thatch by a distance of approximately 400 m (440 yd). Frenchman's Cay is connected to the main island of Tortola by a very short bridge to Tortola's West end. The bridge was demolished and rebuilt by the government of the British Virgin Islands in 2022. The cay is approximately 1.6 km (1 mi) long and about 500 yd (460 m) wide. Frenchman's Cay has a number of houses, restaurants, a yacht harbor, and a resort complex known as Frenchman's hotel.

Tortola
Tortola (/tɔːrˈtoʊlə/) is the largest and most populated island of the British Virgin Islands, a group of islands that form part of the archipelago of the Virgin Islands. It has a surface area of 55.7 square kilometres (21.5 square miles) with a total population of 23,908, with 9,400 residents in Road Town. Mount Sage is its highest point at 530 metres (1,740 feet) above sea level.

Although the British Virgin Islands (BVI) are under the British flag, it uses the U.S. dollar as its official currency due to its proximity to and frequent trade with the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. The island is home to many offshore companies that do business worldwide. Financial services are a major part of the country's economy.

On 6 September 2017, the British Virgin Islands were extensively damaged by Hurricane Irma. The most severe destruction was on Tortola. News reports over the next day or two described the situation as "devastation".
1980 Iowa highway transfer of jurisdiction
Beginning in 1979 and lasting through the early 1980s, a series of agreements between the Iowa Department of Transportation and individual county boards of supervisors led to a mass transfer of jurisdiction of several state highways in Iowa.  County boards of supervisors were asked to convene functional classification boards in order to review the classification all of the highway miles within each respective county.  Control of roads that were classified as trunk roads or trunk collector roads were transferred to the counties, while roads classified as arteries or arterial collectors were transferred to the state department of transportation.  The vast majority of transfers took place in 1980.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.
Stern Hall
Stern Hall is the name of several buildings, including:

A University of California, Berkeley dormitory Stern Hall (Berkeley)

An alternate name for Carnegie Hall's Isaac Stern Auditorium

A Dillard University science building, housing two academic divisions and several laboratories

A Hobart and William Smith College social science building, housing four academic departments

An Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum building, housing exhibits on pioneering naval events

A Mills College building

A Stanford University building complex, housing six dormitories

A Tulane University science building, housing five academic departments

A Waterford-KaMhlaba United World College of Southern Africa auditorium

Other

Stern Hall, Inc., a Chicago-based event/consumer/trade marketing agency.

Mills College at Northeastern University
Mills College at Northeastern University in Oakland, California is part of Northeastern University's global university system. Mills College was founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in 1852 in Benicia, California; it was relocated to Oakland in 1871 and became the second women's college west of the Rockies. In 2022, it merged with Northeastern University.
Tit, Adrar
Tit (Arabic: ﺗﻴﺖ) is a town and commune in Aoulef District, Adrar Province, south-central Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 4,417, up from 3,160 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 3.5%.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).