hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quebec Conference
Quebec Conference refers to one of several different meetings by the same name that were held in Quebec City, Quebec,  Canada:

The Quebec Conference, 1864, the second conference to discuss Canada's confederation, which was finally accomplished three years later. It was here that the 72 Resolutions were drafted

The Quebec Conference, 1943, a top-level meetings between the United States and Britain, with Canada as host, to plan strategy in 1944. It also resulted in the Quebec Agreement to share nuclear technology

The Second Quebec Conference, held in 1944. Only the United States and the United Kingdom were represented. It is known mostly for the agreement on and the signing of the Morgenthau Plan

The Quebec City Summit of the Americas, in 2001, which discussed the Free Trade Area of the Americas and was targeted by massive anti-globalization protests

3rd Summit of the Americas
The 3rd Summit of the Americas was a summit held in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, on April 20–22, 2001.

This international meeting was a round of negotiations regarding a proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas. The talks are perhaps better known for the security preparations and demonstrations (known as the Quebec City protest) that surrounded them than for the progress of the negotiations.
Bernard Willem Holtrop
Bernard Willem Holtrop (born 2 April 1941, Ermelo) is a Dutch cartoonist living in France since 1968, who publishes under the pen name Willem. He is renowned for his sometimes provocative cartoons featuring violent and sexual imagery on political topics. In 1968 two of his cartoons led to court cases, where he was, among others, accused of lèse-majesté for depicting queen Juliana of The Netherlands as a prostitute. In the end he was only sentenced for a cartoon criticizing police brutality by comparing it with Nazism. The events motivated Willem to move to France, where he still lives to this day. His work attacks religion, the monarchy, the far-right, the far-left, terrorism and war policies.

He is the winner of the 2000 Stripschapprijs and of the 2013 Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême.

Willem has drawn in many newspapers: L'Enragé, Hara-Kiri, Charlie Hebdo, Charlie Mensuel, Libération, Siné Mensuel.

Charlie Mensuel
Charlie Mensuel (or simply Charlie, "mensuel" being a French term for a monthly periodical) was a French monthly comics magazine. Its publication began in February 1969, and ceased in February 1986.

Tagged "The newspaper full of humour and comic strips", it also adopted the slogan, "The newspaper one reads on the couch while munching chocolate". Charlie was originally the French version of a contemporary Italian magazine, linus. Like its Italian counterpart, it took its name from one of the characters of the comic strip Peanuts, in that case Charlie Brown. The comics featured in Charlie included French originals as well as translations of American strips—Peanuts and others—and of Italian stories originally published in Linus.
Eastern Party
Eastern Party is a concept that has long been used by mainstream historians to define the reaction of a section of the population in the Third World countries against Westernization and the import of Western values in their societies. Rather than a specific political party, the term refers to a current in the public opinion of the said countries opposed to a "Western Party" of modernizers, who tend to accept Westernization as an inevitable phenomenon, which finally benefits the overall progress of Third World societies. Particularly in the history of Greece and Byzantium, this concept has been largely used by noted historians like Arnold J. Toynbee, Leften Stavrianos, Alexander Vasiliev and Nicolae Iorga, at the beginning of the 20th century and later by Dimitri Kitsikis.

Alexander Vasiliev (historian)
Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Васи́льев; 4 October 1867 (N.S.) – 30 May 1953) was a Russian historian. He was considered the foremost authority on Byzantine history and culture in the mid-20th century. His History of the Byzantine Empire (vol. 1–2, 1928) remains one of a few comprehensive accounts of the entire Byzantine history, on the par with those authored by Edward Gibbon and Fyodor Uspensky.
Emily Chepchumba
"Emily Chepchumba" is a love song written and recorded under the same record label name by the Kalenjin secular local musician Bamwai. It is sung in the Kipsigis dialect of the Kalenjin language. The song was inspired by a young beautiful Elgeiyo woman the musician met at Kaptarakwa in Elgeiyo-Marakwet in Western Kenya in 2004. The girl asked him to compose a song about their love. It is a song about two lovers separated by long distances, the longing and the desire by the two to meet again. In contrast, the home of Bamwai and the home of Emily Chepchumba can be approximated to only 250 kilometers and thus, socio-economic themes are manifested in the song. The song has gone on to earn a reputation in Kenya and Uganda as personifying the Kalenjin people as it is a timeless favourite among Kalenjin-speaking people as well as a go-to track in the Kenyan pop culture.

Kalenjin languages
The Kalenjin languages are a family of a dozen Southern Nilotic languages spoken in Kenya, eastern Uganda and northern Tanzania. The term Kalenjin comes from an expression meaning 'I say (to you)' or 'I have told you' (present participle tense). Kalenjin in this broad linguistic sense should not be confused with Kalenjin as a term for the common identity the Nandi-speaking peoples of Kenya assumed halfway through the twentieth century; see Kalenjin people and Kalenjin language.
Cat Iron
Cat Iron, real name William Carridine ('Cat Iron' was not his actual nickname, but a mishearing of his surname by his "discoverer"), (September 8, 1898 in Roxie, Mississippi United States – November 11, 1958 in Natchez, Mississippi) was an American blues singer and guitarist.

During the folk and blues revival, "Cat Iron" was "discovered" and recorded in 1957 by Frederic Ramsey Jr.; the recordings were released in the United States in 1958 on the Folkways label, in the United Kingdom in 1969 on the XTRA label. His song, "Jimmy Bell" has been covered by many other musicians, first by Koerner, Ray & Glover on their 1963 album, Blues, Rags and Hollers, later by Stoney & Meatloaf, The Numbers Band, Peter Lang, The Sharks, Tom Doughty and Watermelon Slim.

Folkways Records
Folkways Records was a record label founded by Moses Asch that documented folk, world, and children's music. It was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution in 1987 and is now part of Smithsonian Folkways.
Michael Laws (cricketer)
Michael Lutener Laws (12 August 1926 - 19 November 2017) was an English former cricketer who played eight games of first-class cricket, mostly  for Middlesex, between 1946 and 1950. He was born in Finchley and attended Highgate School. An amateur cricketer, he played as a wicketkeeper.

Laws died in South Africa on 19 November 2017 at the age of 91.

Highgate School
Highgate School, formally Sir Roger Cholmeley's School at Highgate, is a co-educational, fee-charging, private day school, founded in 1565 in Highgate, London, England. It educates over 1,400 pupils in three sections – Highgate Pre-Preparatory School (ages 4–8), Highgate junior school (ages 8–11) and the senior school (11+) – which together comprise the Highgate Foundation. As part of its wider work the charity was from 2010 a founding partner of the London Academy of Excellence and it is now also the principal education sponsor of an associated Academy, the London Academy of Excellence Tottenham, which opened in September 2017. The principal business sponsor is Tottenham Hotspur FC. The charity also funds the Chrysalis Partnership, a scheme supporting 26 state schools in six London boroughs.
Stefan Reimann-Andersen
Stefan Reimann-Andersen (born 13 July 1963) is an Austrian-German entrepreneur. Together with three of his siblings, they own 95% of Luxembourg-based investment firm JAB Holding Company.

Stefan Reimann-Andersen was born in the family of Albert Reimann, the owner of the chemical company Joh. A. Benckiser. However, none of eight siblings knew that their father was rich until his death in 1984. The JAB Holding Company produces such cleanings products as Sagrotan, Vanish or Calgonit, Jacobs coffee, Senseo pads, shoes from Bally or leather jackets from Belstaff. The family prefers to avoid publicity and live in anonymity. In 2006, they moved from Ludwigshafen to Vienna and then to Luxembourg.

Stefan Reimann-Andersen made the 2022 Forbes Billionaires List with an estimated wealth of $5.8 billion and occupied the 438th position.

Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩ ʔam ˈʁaɪn] ⓘ; meaning "Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German: Ludwichshafe or Lumpehafe), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.

Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is home to BASF, the world's largest chemical producer, and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz.

It is the birthplace and death place of the former Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl.

In 2012, Ludwigshafen was classified as a global city with 'Sufficiency' status by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC).
Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum
The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum (REM) is devoted to ancient Egypt, located at Rosicrucian Park in the Rose Garden neighborhood of San Jose, California, United States.

It was founded by the Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis (AMORC). The Rosicrucian order continues to support and expand the museum and its educational and scientific activities. The museum holds the largest collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities in the Western United States, and is located next to the AMORC headquarters.

Sekhmet
In Egyptian mythology, Sekhmet (/ˈsɛkˌmɛt/ or Sachmis /ˈsækmɪs/, from Ancient Egyptian: 𓌂𓐍𓐰𓏏𓁐, romanized: Saḫmat; Coptic: Ⲥⲁⲭⲙⲓ, romanized: Sakhmi) is a warrior goddess as well as goddess of medicine.

Sekhmet is also a solar deity, sometimes given the epithet "the eye of Ra". She is often associated with the goddesses Hathor and Bastet.
Alexander Pavlovsky
Alexander Alekseyevich Pavlovsky (Russian: Александр Алексеевич Павловский; born 14 February 1950) is a Belarusian lieutenant general who served as chairman of the State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus from 1996 to 2007.

Born into a military family in Russia, Pavlovsky served in the Red Army, first in the Moscow Military District and, from 1979, in the Byelorussian SSR. He participated in the creation of the military of independent Belarus and was transferred to the border troops in 1996. After his dismissal in 2007, he served as the Belarusian ambassador to France from 2008 to 2012 and later worked as a consultant in the Belarusian military sector. Pavlovsky also appeared as an expert in Belarusian state media, where he commented on international affairs.

State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus
The State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus (Russian: Государственный пограничный комитет Республики Беларусь) is a state security agency that manages the international borders of Belarus. Its armed paramilitary force is known as the Border Guard Service, carrying out committee orders and policy.  The primary tasks of the State Border Committee include: border policy and enhancing border security.

The service covers the borders with Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia.
Health Care Card
The Australian Health Care Card is a card issued by the Australian Government which evidences the entitlement of the cardholder to concessions, such as the cost of some prescription medicines, medical services, and other government concessions.  Eligibility for the card is determined by the eligibility (and registration) for various federal government welfare payments (see Centrelink). The benefits are clearly shown on the card. Some benefits (most notably public transport ones in some areas) are only available to recipients of certain Centrelink benefits.

The card is issued after an applicant has successfully applied for one or more of the associated payments. The card is valid for six months, after which time it is renewed if the holder continues to be in receipt of the payment for which the card was granted. This includes periods in which the holder received a "zero rate" of payment due to income reported.

Centrelink
The Centrelink Master Program, or more commonly known as Centrelink, is a Services Australia master program of the Australian Government. It delivers a range of government payments and services for retirees, the unemployed, families, carers, parents, people with disabilities, Indigenous Australians, students, apprentices and people from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, and provides services at times of major change. The majority of Centrelink's services are the disbursement of social security payments.
Earle Combs Stadium
Turkey Hughes Field at Earle Combs Stadium is a baseball stadium in Richmond, Kentucky, United States. It is home to the Eastern Kentucky Colonels baseball team of the NCAA Division I Atlantic Sun Conference. The stadium opened in 1966 and was renovated in 2017, when it was renamed in honor of EKU alumnus and former New York Yankee Earle Combs. Previously, it was known simply as Turkey Hughes Field in honor of former Eastern Kentucky baseball coach Turkey Hughes.

In 2006, EKU's athletic department announced plans to completely rebuild the stadium with a $2 million initiative. In 2009, the university spent over $500,000 to install artificial turf, a batter's eye, and a brick backstop. Major renovations were made and completed in 2016.

Atlantic Sun Conference
The Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) is a collegiate athletic conference operating mostly in the Southeastern United States, competing at the NCAA Division I level. Originally established as the Trans America Athletic Conference (TAAC) in 1978, it was renamed as the Atlantic Sun Conference in 2001, and briefly rebranded as the ASUN Conference from 2016 to 2023. The conference still uses "ASUN" as an official abbreviation. The conference headquarters are located in Jacksonville.
2020 Massachusetts Republican presidential primary
The 2020 Massachusetts Republican presidential primary took place on March 3, 2020, as one of fourteen contests scheduled for Super Tuesday in the Republican Party presidential primaries for the 2020 presidential election.

Super Tuesday
Super Tuesday is the United States presidential primary election day in February or March when the greatest number of U.S. states hold primary elections and caucuses. Approximately one-third of all delegates to the presidential nominating conventions can be won on Super Tuesday, more than on any other day. The results on Super Tuesday are therefore a strong indicator of the likely eventual presidential nominee of each political party.

The particular states holding primaries on Super Tuesday have varied from year to year because each state selects its election day separate from one another.

Tuesday is the traditional day for elections in the United States. The phrase Super Tuesday has been used to refer to presidential primary elections since at least 1976. It is an unofficial term used by journalists and political pundits.
Balázs Kocsár
Balázs Kocsár is a Hungarian orchestral and operatic conductor. He was born in 1963 in Budapest. His father Miklós Kocsár is a composer awarded the Kossuth Prize. He studied composition at Béla Bartók Vocational School of Music (Bartók Béla Zeneművészeti Szakközépiskola). Then he entered the prestigious Franz Liszt Academy of Music to study choir conducting under István Párkai which was followed by studies in orchestral conducting under the guidance of Ervin Lukács. He graduated with distinction in 1991. His studies were continued at Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien under Professor Karl Österreicher. He also participated in master classes led by Helmuth Rilling, Jorma Panula, Moshe Atzmon and Péter Eötvös.

Jorma Panula
Jorma Juhani Panula (born 10 August 1930) is a Finnish conductor, composer, and teacher of conducting. He has mentored many Finnish conductors, such as Esa-Pekka Salonen, Mikko Franck, Sakari Oramo, Jukka-Pekka Saraste, Osmo Vänskä,  Klaus Mäkelä and Tarmo Peltokoski.
Upton Court Grammar School
Upton Court Grammar School is a fully selective academy school in Lascelles Road, Slough, Berkshire.

The school has specialisms in languages and science. It is also a Leading Edge School, an ICT-Focus School, a Training School, an International School under the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) and a participant in the Primary Language Initiative. From September 2004 it offered some International Baccalaureate courses alongside its conventional secondary and sixth form courses, but these are now discontinued.

SSAT (The Schools Network)
SSAT (The Schools Network) Limited (branded as SSAT, the Schools, Students and Teachers network) is a UK-based, independent educational membership organisation working with primary, secondary, special and free schools, academies and UTCs. It provides support and training in four main areas: teaching and learning, curriculum, networking, and leadership development.

The company was set up in May 2012, to carry out the business of the previous Specialist Schools and Academies Trust. Based in the UK, SSAT operates worldwide through its international arm, iNet. SSAT has almost 3,000 member schools in England and overseas.

The Chief Executive of SSAT is Sue Williamson, a former headteacher of Monks' Dyke Technology College in Lincolnshire, and former Strategic Director of Leadership, and Innovation at the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust.
2008 World Rally Championship
The 2008 World Rally Championship was the 36th season of the FIA World Rally Championship. The season consisted of 15 rallies and began on 24 January, with the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally.
Frenchman Sébastien Loeb successfully retained the Drivers' World Championship, his and co-driver Daniel Elena's record-breaking fifth consecutive title, all of them attained driving Citroëns. In addition, Citroën secured their fourth Manufacturers' title, and their first since 2005, from 2006 and 2007 victors, Ford.

Rally Mexico
Rally Mexico, formerly known as Rally America is a round of the FIA World Rally Championship. The rally entered the championship schedule in the 2004 season. The event's itinerary is based in the state of Guanajuato.  The stages take place in the environs of cities of León, Silao, and Guanajuato; rally headquarters being located in León.

Rally México features the highest stages of all WRC championship rounds, as high as 2700 meters; engines in WRC cars lose up to 20% of their power in these stages as a result, due to the lower air pressure at such altitudes.

In 2004, the Organising Committee won the Inmarsat Star of the Rally award for his first organized WRC rally. In 2008, the Organising Committee of the Corona Rally Mexico won the Abu Dhabi Spirit of the Rally award for the great work done in the organization of the WRC event.
International Visitor Leadership Program
The International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) is a professional exchange program funded by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.  The mission of IVLP is to offer current and emerging international leaders the opportunity to experience the richness and diversity of American political, economic, social and cultural life through carefully designed exchanges that reflect participants’ professional interests and the public diplomacy objectives of the United States government.

up to three weeks. The program is nomination only by staff at U.S. Embassies.

Smith–Mundt Act
The U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (Public Law 80-402), popularly called the Smith–Mundt Act, was first introduced by Congressman Karl E. Mundt (R-SD) in January 1945 in the 79th Congress. It was subsequently passed by the 80th Congress and signed into law by President Harry S. Truman on January 27, 1948.

The Act was developed to regulate broadcasting of programs for foreign audiences produced under the guidance of the State Department, and it prohibited domestic dissemination of materials produced by such programs as one of its provisions. The original version of the Act was amended by the Smith–Mundt Modernization Act of 2012 which allowed for materials produced by the State Department and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) to be made available within the United States.
Kodai Ichihara
Kodai Ichihara (市原 弘大, Ichihara Kōdai; born 29 May 1982) is a Japanese professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour.

Ichihara had his first win on the tour in June 2018, the Japan Golf Tour Championship Mori Building Cup Shishido Hills. Previously his best finish is T-2 at the 2016 Gateway to The Open Mizuno Open. He also has one win on the Japan Challenge Tour, the 2003 Kanitop Cup.

Ichihara qualified for the 2012 Open Championship through International Final Qualifying, but missed the cut. His runner-up finish at the 2016 Mizuno Open qualified him for the 2016 Open Championship. He made the cut and finished tied for 79th. Ichihara's win at the 2018 Japan Golf Tour Championship lifted him to second place in the 2018 Japan Golf Tour money list, earning him a place in the 2018 Open Championship.

Japan Golf Tour Championship
The Japan Golf Tour Championship (日本ゴルフツアー選手権, Nihon gorufu tsuā senshuken) is a professional golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour. Founded in 2000, it is one of the four major championships on the tour.
2014 Tokyo Marathon
The 2014 Tokyo Marathon (Japanese: 東京マラソン 2014) was the eighth edition of the annual marathon race in Tokyo, Japan and was held on Sunday, 23 February. An IAAF Gold Label Road Race, it was the first World Marathon Majors event to be held that year and represented the second occasion that the Tokyo race was part of the elite-level marathon series.

Both elite race winners set new course records: Dickson Chumba ran a men's record of 2:05:42 and Tirfi Tsegaye's run of 2:22:23 was a women's record.

Arata Fujiwara
Arata Fujiwara (藤原 新, Fujiwara Arata; born 12 September 1981)  is a Japanese marathon runner.

At the 2009 World Championships in Athletics held in Berlin, Germany, Fujiwara finished 61st in the men's marathon in a time of two hours, thirty-one minutes and ten seconds.

He represented Japan at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's marathon, finishing in 45th place. He qualified for the Games by finishing second in the 2012 Tokyo Marathon.
Cordillera Central salamander
The Cordillera Central salamander (Bolitoglossa nigrescens) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.

It is endemic to Costa Rica.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).