hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Novoarkhanhelsk Raion
Novoarkhanhelsk Raion was a raion (district) of Kirovohrad Oblast in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the urban-type settlement of Novoarkhanhelsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast to four. The area of Novoarkhanhelsk Raion was merged into Holovanivsk Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 23,524 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of three hromadas:

Nadlak rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Nadlak;

Novoarkhanhelsk settlement hromada with the administration in Novoarkhanhelsk;

Pidvysoke rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Pidvysoke.

Kirovohrad Oblast
Kirovohrad Oblast (Ukrainian: Кіровоградська область, romanized: Kirovohradska oblast), also known as Kirovohradshchyna (Ukrainian: Кіровоградщина), is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kropyvnytskyi. The oblast's population is 903,712 (2022 estimate). It is Ukraine's second least populated oblast, ahead of Chernivtsi.

In 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine approved the change of the oblast's name to Kropyvnytskyi Oblast (Ukrainian: Кропивницька область, romanized: Kropyvnytska oblast, unofficially Kropyvnychchyna (Ukrainian: Кропивниччина)). The change is not yet implemented. The largest cities of the region are Kropyvnytskyi, Oleksandriia, Znamianka and Svitlovodsk.
Peter Sotos
Peter Sotos (born April 17, 1960) is an American author and musician. As an author, Sotos has 31 published books with several translated into foreign languages. In his books, Sotos writes about sadistic sexual criminals and sexually violent pornography in great detail, particularly involving children. His books tend to be first-person narratives, taking on the point of view of the sexual predator in order to portray sadistic and pedophilic sexual impulses.

His writings are seen by some as potent social criticism, highlighting the often hypocritical ways in which media deals with these issues. As a musician, Sotos is well known as a former member of the British noise music band Whitehouse. Sotos was arrested in 1985 on child pornography charges due to content that was published within an issue of his zine Pure.

Operation Ore
Operation Ore was a British police operation that commenced in 1999 following information received from US law enforcement, which was intended to prosecute thousands of users of a website reportedly featuring child pornography. It was the United Kingdom's biggest ever computer crime investigation, leading to 7,250 suspects identified, 4,283 homes searched, 3,744 arrests, 1,848 charged, 1,451 convictions, 493 cautioned and 140 children removed from suspected dangerous situations and an estimated 33 suicides. Operation Ore identified and prosecuted some sex offenders, but the validity of the police procedures was later questioned, as errors in the investigations resulted in many false arrests.

Operation Ore followed a similar crackdown in the United States, called Operation Avalanche; in the US, 100 people were charged from the 35,000 US access records available. In total, 390,000 individuals in over 60 countries were found to have accessed material in the combined investigations.
High-performance sailing
High-performance sailing is achieved with low forward surface resistance—encountered by catamarans, sailing hydrofoils, iceboats or land sailing craft—as the sailing craft obtains motive power with its sails or aerofoils at speeds that are often faster than the wind on both upwind and downwind points of sail. Faster-than-the-wind sailing means that the apparent wind angle experienced on the moving craft is always ahead of the sail. This has generated a new concept of sailing, called "apparent wind sailing", which entails a new skill set for its practitioners, including tacking on downwind points of sail.

Iceboat
An iceboat (occasionally spelled ice boat or traditionally called an ice yacht) is a recreational or competition sailing craft supported on metal runners for traveling over ice. One of the runners is steerable. Originally, such craft were boats with a support structure, riding on the runners and steered with a rear blade, as with a conventional rudder. As iceboats evolved, the structure became a frame with a seat or cockpit for the iceboat sailor, resting on runners. Steering was shifted to the front.

Because of their low resistance to forward motion over ice, iceboats are capable of speeds exceeding 60 miles per hour (100 km/h). Because of their speed, iceboats are used both for recreation and for racing. Racing craft typically carry one person.

A related activity, land sailing, employs sailing craft similar to iceboats, but riding on wheels instead of runners.
Kobuz, Szczecinek County
Kobuz [ˈkɔbus] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Barwice, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south of Barwice, 24 km (15 mi) west of Szczecinek, and 120 km (75 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Szczecinek County
Szczecinek County (Polish: powiat szczecinecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Szczecinek, which lies 143 kilometres (89 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains three other towns: Borne Sulinowo, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, Barwice, 23 km (14 mi) west of Szczecinek, and Biały Bór, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Szczecinek.

The county covers an area of 1,765.22 square kilometres (681.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 77,232, out of which the population of Szczecinek is 38,756, that of Borne Sulinowo is 4,224, that of Barwice is 3,838, that of Biały Bór is 2,127, and the rural population is 28,287.
Cobbie Row's Castle
Cobbie Row's (or Cubbie Roo's) Castle is the oldest medieval castle known to exist in Scotland. The castle ruins are located on the island of Wyre in Orkney. Built in the mid-12 century by Norse landowner, Kolbeinn hrúga, the stone fortification originally consisted of a small, central tower set in an oval enclosure, surrounded by two ditches, a stone wall and an earthen rampart. Historic Environment Scotland established the site as a scheduled monument in 1929.

Norsemen
The Norsemen (or Northmen) were a Germanic cultural group in the Early Middle Ages, originating among speakers of Old Norse in Scandinavia. During the late eighth century, Scandinavians embarked on a large-scale expansion in all directions, giving rise to the Viking Age. In English-language scholarship since the 19th century, Norse seafaring traders, settlers and warriors have commonly been referred to as Vikings.

Historians of Anglo-Saxon England often use the term "Norse" in a different sense, distinguishing between Norse Vikings (Norsemen) from Norway, who mainly invaded and occupied the islands north and north-west of Britain as well as Ireland and western Britain, and Danish Vikings, who principally invaded and occupied eastern Britain.
Affleck–Dine mechanism
The Affleck–Dine mechanism (AD mechanism) is a postulated mechanism for explaining baryogenesis during the primordial Universe immediately following the Big Bang. Thus, the AD mechanism may explain the asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the current Universe. It was proposed in 1985 by Ian Affleck and Michael Dine of Princeton University.

In the supersymmetry theory of particle physics, ordinary quarks and leptons have scalar partners that carry baryon and lepton numbers. As the latter decay into fermions during the early Universe, the net baryon number that they carry can then form the currently observed excess of ordinary baryons. This occurs due to interactions of the scalars with the inflaton field, resulting in CP violations.

The AD mechanism must have occurred during or after the reheating event that followed cosmic inflation. This may explain why the net mass of normal matter and dark matter are apparently so close to each other, rather than being widely different.

Ian Affleck
Ian Keith Affleck (July 2, 1952 – October 4, 2024) was a Canadian physicist specializing in condensed matter physics. He was Killam University Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia.
Listed buildings in Worsthorne-with-Hurstwood
Worsthorne-with-Hurstwood is a civil parish in the borough of Burnley, Lancashire, England.  The parish contains 22 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. Of these, four are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  Apart from the village of Worsthorne and the settlement of Hurstwood, the parish is rural.  Most of the listed buildings are farmhouses, or originated as farmhouses or farm buildings.  Other listed buildings include large houses and associated structures, a row of former back-to-back cottages, a church, and a telephone kiosk.

Borough of Burnley
The Borough of Burnley (/ˈbɜːrnli/) is a local government district with the borough status in Lancashire, England. It has an area of 42.9 square miles (111 km2) and a population of 95,553 (2022), and is named after its largest town, Burnley. The borough also contains the town of Padiham along with several villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Rossendale, Hyndburn, Ribble Valley, Pendle and Calderdale.
Paul King (cricketer)
Paul Daniel King (born 25 February 1979) is an English cricketer.  King is a right-handed batsman who bowls and right-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Ipswich, Suffolk.

King made his debut for Suffolk in the 1997 Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire.  King has played Minor counties cricket for Suffolk from 1997 to present, which has included 53 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against the Lancashire Cricket Board in the 2000 NatWest Trophy.  He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Glamorgan in the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 31 runs at an average of 15.50, with a high score of 15 not out. With the ball, he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 68.00, with best figures of 1/40.

Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club
Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Cambridgeshire including the Isle of Ely.

The original Cambridgeshire club, established in 1844, is classified as important from 1857 to 1863, and as first-class from 1864 to 1871.

The present club, founded in 1891, has always had minor status. It did play List A matches occasionally from 1964 until 2004, but it is not classified as a List A team per se. The club is based at The Avenue Sports Club Ground, March, though they have played a number of matches at Fenner's, Cambridge University's ground, and occasionally play games there still. In recent years, matches have also been held at Wisbech and Saffron Walden (in northeastern Essex).
Rimicaris kairei
Rimicaris kairei is a species of hydrothermal vent shrimp originally discovered in August 2000 by the operators of the ROV Kaiko from the R/V Kairei, being named for both the ship and the Kairei vent field on which they were first discovered. The shrimp have chemosynthetic symbiotic bacteria that live in their guts which gives them energy. Polymorphism is observed, which is based on different concentrations of iron minerals in the environment, which are deposited under the carapace of these shrimp. They are protogynous, and have epipelagic larvae.

Remotely operated underwater vehicle
A remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV) or remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is a free-swimming submersible craft. ROVs are used to perform underwater observation, inspection, and physical tasks such as valve operations, hydraulic functions, and other general tasks within the subsea oil and gas industry, military, scientific and other applications. ROVs can also carry tooling packages for undertaking specific tasks such as pull-in and connection of flexible flowlines and umbilicals, and component replacement. They are often used to do research and commercial work at great depths beyond the capacities of most submersibles and divers. Most users of the machines use the term "remotely operated vehicle" (ROV).
Joseph Li Shan
Joseph Li Shan (Chinese: 李山; pinyin: Lǐ Shān; born March 1965 in Daxing District, Beijing) is a Chinese Catholic prelate who serves as Archbishop of Beijing. He was consecrated a bishop on 21 September 2007, at age 42 at a ceremony at Nan Tang (South Cathedral) in Xuanwumen. His main consecrator to become bishop was John Fang Xingyao. Before becoming archbishop he served as parish priest of Saint Joseph's Church in Wangfujing.

Shan also serves as the President of the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association.

Xuanwumen (Beijing)
Xuanwumen (simplified Chinese: 宣武门; traditional Chinese: 宣武門; pinyin: Xuānwǔmén; lit. 'gate of military might'; Manchu: ᡥᠣᡵᠣᠨ ᠪᡝ ᠠᠯᡤᡳᠮᠪᡠᡵᡝ ᡩᡠᡴᠠ, romanized: horon be algimbure duka; lit. 'gate of the declaration of power'), was a gate in Beijing's former city wall. In the 1960s, the gate was torn down during the construction of the city's subway.  Today, Xuanwumen is a transport node in Beijing as well as the location of Xuanwumen Station on Line 2 and Line 4 of the Beijing Subway.
Papendorp
Papendorp is a small village on the Atlantic Ocean coastline of Western Cape Province, South Africa. This village resides under Matzikama Local Municipality.

Papendorp is located at the mouth of the Olifants River and at high tide it is possible to navigate to Lutzville on a flat-bottomed boat, about 30 km upstream. Ebenhaezer, a Rhenish mission station established in 1831 is located a few kilometers further inland, on the road between Papendorp and Lutzville. There are salt pans in the area that are exploited commercially. Strandfontein is located a few kilometers south down the coast.

Flat-bottomed boat
A flat-bottomed boat is a boat with a shallow draft, two-chined hull, which allows it to be used in shallow bodies of water, such as rivers, because it is less likely to ground.

The flat hull also makes the boat more stable in calm water, which is good for hunters and anglers. However this design becomes less stable in choppy water. This is because it causes the boat to travel on the water, instead of through it, as a boat with a rounded or V-shaped hull would.

Flat hulls are simple to construct, making them popular with boat-building hobbyists.

In Britain they came to popular notice during the planned French invasion of Britain in 1759, when a large-number of flat-bottomed boats were prepared by the French to ferry their invasion force across the channel and a number were destroyed during the British Raid on Le Havre. The flat-bottoms are mentioned in the song Heart of Oak written by David Garrick during 1759.
George Varley
George Henry Gisborne Varley (7 April 1852 – 28 April 1936) was an English-born Australian politician.

He was born in London to picture dealer William Waterloo Gisborne Varley and Anne Daston. He migrated to New South Wales in 1861 and was educated at Maitland, where he became a newspaper proprietor. He worked for the Newcastle Herald and from 1881 managed the Clarence and Richmond Examiner, becoming proprietor in 1887. In 1871 he married Jane Louise Brackenreg, with whom he had six children. In 1905 he moved to Sydney, and his paper became the Daily Examiner. From 1917 to 1934 he was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council for the Nationalist and United Australia parties. Varley died at Bellevue Hill in 1936.

Newcastle Herald
The Newcastle Herald (formerly branded as The Herald) is a local tabloid newspaper published daily, Monday to Saturday, in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It is the only local newspaper that serves the greater Hunter Region and Central Coast region six days a week. It is owned by Australian Community Media.
Shipping services of the London and South Western Railway
This article describes the shipping services of the London and South Western Railway and the vessels employed.

The London and South Western Railway (LSWR) started out as the London and Southampton Railway in 1838, with the object of linking the port facilities at Southampton with the capital, as well as the other ordinary business of a railway.

With the network extended to Portsmouth and Weymouth, it also developed a shipping business to the Isle of Wight, to the Channel Islands and to France.

London and Southampton Railway
The London and Southampton Railway was an early 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge railway company between London and Southampton, in England. It opened in stages from 1838 to 1840 after a difficult construction period, but was commercially successful.

On preparing to serve Portsmouth, a rival port to Southampton, it changed its name to the London and South Western Railway in June 1839.

Its original termini, at Nine Elms in London and at Southampton Docks, proved inconvenient and the line was extended to better-situated main stations at both ends. The remainder of the original main line continues in use today, as an important part of the national rail network.

This article deals with the construction of the original line up to the time of opening throughout. Subsequent information is in the article London and South Western Railway.
Grifo di Tancredi
Grifo di Tancredi (active 1271–1312) was an Italian painter who was likely born in Florence. Little biographical history is known for this painter, and one existing work, a triptych at the National Gallery of Scotland, has been attributed to him on the basis of inscriptions. He was active in Volterra by 1271, and later moved to Florence. He was previously cited as the Master of San Gaggio.

In 1271, Grifo rented a workshop in Volterra together with Filippo di Jacopo. He appears to have worked on painting the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia in 1281. By 1295, he had moved to Florence, and enrolled in the painters’ guild sometime between 1297 and 1312. In 1303 he executed a now-lost painting in the Palazzo Vecchio, commemorating a political event of the day. Grifo is considered a follower of Giotto.

Scottish National Gallery
The National (formerly the Scottish National Gallery) is the national art gallery of Scotland. It is located on The Mound in central Edinburgh, close to Princes Street. The building was designed in a neoclassical style by William Henry Playfair, and first opened to the public in 1859.

The gallery houses Scotland's national collection of fine art, spanning Scottish and international art from the beginning of the Renaissance up to the start of the 20th century.

The National is run by National Galleries Scotland, a public body that also owns the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art and the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. Because of its architectural similarity, the National is frequently confused by visitors with the neighbouring Royal Scottish Academy Building (RSA), a separate institution which works closely with the National.
Abu Kebir, Egypt
Abu Kebir (Arabic: أبو كبير) is a city in the Sharqia Governorate of Egypt.

Successive census results indicate a considerable steady rise in its population - 68,394 in 1986, 85,339 in 1996, 103,175 in 2006, 142,420 (estimated) in 2018 and 165,246 (estimated) in 2023.

Abu Kebir is a city located in Al Sharkia Governorate in the north of Egypt, 80km from Cairo capital. Among its figures are chemist Mostafa El-Sayed and football player Ahmed Salama.

It is well known for its rural suburbs with some distinctive agricultural crops as well as the urban area and markets in the city center.

Sharqia Governorate
Sharqia (Arabic: محافظة الشرقية, romanized: Moḥāfeẓeh esh-Sher'eyyeh, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [eʃ.ʃæɾˈʔejjæ], rural: [eʃ.ʃæɾˈɡejje]; lit. 'Governorate of the Eastern') is the third most populous of the 27 governorates of Egypt.  Located in the northern part of the country, its capital is the city of Zagazig.
KLXP
KLXP (89.7 FM, "K-Love") is a non-commercial radio station that is licensed to Randsburg, California and serves Ridgecrest, California City, and the Antelope Valley. The station is owned by Educational Media Foundation and broadcasts the Christian adult contemporary format of its nationally syndicated K-Love network. KLXP is simulcast on translator station K236AW (95.1 FM) in Lancaster, California.

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Culong
Culong, also known as the Thomas Cooper Ferebee House and Forbes House, is a historic home located near Shawboro, Currituck County, North Carolina. It was built in 1812, and is a two-story, three bay by three bay, Federal style frame dwelling with a gable roof. It has two wing additions and a one-story front portico.  Also on the property are two contributing outbuildings and family cemetery.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Currituck County, North Carolina
Currituck County (/ˈkʊrɪtʌk/) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is the northeasternmost county in the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,100. Its county seat is Currituck. The county was formed in 1668 as a precinct of Albemarle County and later gained county status in 1739. The name is "traditionally said to be an indigenous word for wild geese; Coratank." Currituck County is included in the Virginia Beach-Chesapeake, VA-NC Combined Statistical Area. It is in the northeastern section of the state and is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Currituck Sound, Camden County, Dare County and the Commonwealth of Virginia. Currituck Court House, mentioned as early as 1755, was the name of the county seat. Today the words "Court House" have been dropped and only Currituck is used as the community name.
Arcadia (Odesa)
46°25′30″N 30°45′46″E﻿ / ﻿46.42500°N 30.76278°E﻿ / 46.42500; 30.76278

Arcadia (Ukrainian: Аркадія, romanized: Arkadiia) is a historical part of Odesa, Ukraine, which is known as a famous resort. It is located in the coastal part of the city, close to the quarters of 5th and 7th stations of Velyky Fontan. The quarter was named after a mountainous district in Greece, which was known as the home of pastoral villagers.

The famous Arcadia Beach and Arcadia Park are located in the district. The modern concept of Arcadia is a restaurant and entertainment complex with elements of a shopping center.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.