hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coeranus of Beroea
Coeranus of Beroea (Ancient Greek: Κοίρανος) was a Macedonian general of Alexander the Great, since the start of Asiatic expedition. Before the battle of Issus, when Harpalus fled to Greece, Alexander divided the control of the treasury between Coeranus and Philoxenus. Upon Harpalus' return to favor, Coeranus was appointed  financial officer for Phoenicia, Cilicia, and Coele-Syria.

Arrian 3.12.4 calls the commander of the allied cavalry Coeranus. Possibly this is an error for Caranus.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
International Credit Insurance & Surety Association
The International Credit Insurance & Surety Association (ICISA) is an international trade association for companies that provide private trade credit insurance, reinsurance and surety bonds. The organization has a coordinating role on the world market for private trade credit guarantees, a role that was critical in the post-war expansion of international trade.  Its secretariat continues to publish reports and organize events that provide information and analysis about the state of the credit insurance industry and its role in the global economy.

Surety
In finance, a surety /ˈʃʊərɪti/, surety bond, or guaranty involves a promise by one party to assume responsibility for the debt obligation of a borrower if that borrower defaults. Usually, a surety bond or surety is a promise by a person or company (a surety or guarantor) to pay one party (the obligee) a certain amount if a second party (the principal) fails to meet some obligation, such as fulfilling the terms of a contract. The surety bond protects the obligee against losses resulting from the principal's failure to meet the obligation.
Brad Hartman
Bradley Hartman (born 16 November 1994) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Originally from South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club Sturt, Hartmann was drafted by Geelong with the 77th selection in the 2012 AFL draft. Hartmann made his senior AFL debut in round 13, 2014, for Geelong against St Kilda at Kardinia Park but took leave from the club at the start of the 2015 pre-season for personal reasons. In May 2015 Hartman announcemd his retirement from AFL football, due to personal issues.

2012 AFL draft
The 2012 AFL draft consisted of five opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2012/13 Australian Football League off-season.

These were:

2012 trade period; which was held between 1 October and 26 October, and for the first time incorporated a free agency eligibility period.

A mini-draft of 17-year-old players, as part of the recruitment concessions given to the newly established Greater Western Sydney Giants, held on 26 October

The 2012 national draft; which was conducted on 22 November at the Gold Coast Convention Centre.

The 2013 pre-season draft which was held on 11 December 2012 and

The 2013 rookie draft, also held on 11 December 2012.
Chester Crocker
Chester Arthur Crocker (born October 29, 1941) is an American diplomat and scholar who served as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from June 9, 1981, to April 21, 1989, in the Reagan administration. Crocker, architect of the U.S. policy of "constructive engagement" towards Southern Africa including apartheid-era South Africa, is credited with setting the terms of Namibian independence.

Global Leadership Foundation
The Global Leadership Foundation (GLF) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization consisting of a network of former heads of state/government and other distinguished leaders (GLF Members), who seek to assist developing countries in improving governance, bolstering democratic institutions, and resolving conflicts. The organization does so by arranging for GLF Members to provide confidential peer-to-peer advice to current heads of government, who are committed to peace, democracy, and development. The Global Leadership Foundation is active across the world, works via invitation from a head of government, and its work is confidential.
Daniel J. Malarkey
Daniel James Malarkey (15 July 1870 – 1 December 1939), known as Dan Malarkey, was an attorney and politician from the state of Oregon.  He served one two-year term in the Oregon House of Representatives followed by two non-consecutive four-year terms in the Oregon State Senate.  Malarkey was a moderate Republican who represented Multnomah County in both chambers.  He served as President of the Oregon Senate during the 1913 legislative session.  Malarkey was known as a champion of progressive legislation including sponsoring Oregon’s first public utilities law and the state’s first minimum wage law that covered women.  He was also one of the state’s most prominent attorneys for over 40 years.  Malarkey actively opposed the influence of the Ku Klux Klan in Oregon.  His legal efforts were successful in having a Klan-sponsored education bill declared unconstitutional, a decision that was ultimately upheld by the United States Supreme Court.

Multnomah County, Oregon
Multnomah County /mʌltˈnoʊmə/ ⓘ is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 815,428. Multnomah County is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The state's smallest and most populous county, its county seat, Portland, is the state's most populous city.
AgVa Ventilator
AgVa Ventilator is a mechanical ventilator developed in collaboration with Indian scientist Diwakar Vaish of A-SET Robotics and Dr. Deepak Agrawal, professor of Neurosurgery at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi. AgVa is designed to be a cost effective and compact ventilator with the ability to push Oxygen as well as atmospheric air, it also has the ability to control ventilator parameters through an Android application.

Ventilator
A ventilator is a type of breathing apparatus, a class of medical technology that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently. Ventilators may be computerized microprocessor-controlled machines, but patients can also be ventilated with a simple, hand-operated bag valve mask.  Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive-care medicine, home care, and emergency medicine (as standalone units) and in anesthesiology (as a component of an anesthesia machine).

Ventilators are sometimes called "respirators", a term commonly used for them in the 1950s (particularly the "Bird respirator"). However, contemporary medical terminology uses the word "respirator" to refer to a face-mask that protects wearers against hazardous airborne substances.
Tom Jones: The Right Time
Tom Jones: The Right Time is a six-episode television series hosted by Tom Jones. The 30-minute episodes were first broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom in 1992 and featured music and interviews in front of a live audience. The show was also broadcast in the United States on VH1 in 1992–93. John Marchese of the New York Times News Service described it as a "whirlwind briefing on the history of pop music". Guest stars included Bob Geldof, Cyndi Lauper, The Chieftains and Stevie Wonder.

The Chieftains
The Chieftains were a traditional Irish folk band formed in Dublin in  1962, by Paddy Moloney, Seán Potts and Michael Tubridy. Their sound, which is almost entirely instrumental and largely built around uilleann pipes, has become synonymous with traditional Irish music. They are regarded as having helped popularise Irish music around the world. They have won six Grammy Awards during their career and they were given a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. Some music experts have credited The Chieftains with bringing traditional Irish music to a worldwide audience, so much so that the Irish government awarded them the honorary title of 'Ireland's Musical Ambassadors' in 1989.
Donauwelle
Donauwelle (German pronunciation: [ˈdoːnaʊ̯ˌvɛlə] ⓘ, lit. 'Danube wave') is a traditional sheet cake popular in Germany and Austria. It is made of layers of plain and chocolate pound cake combined to have a wavy border between them. It contains sour cherries and is topped with buttercream and chocolate glaze.

Glaze (cooking)
In cooking, a glaze is a glossy, translucent coating applied to the outer surface of a dish by dipping, dripping, or using a brush. Depending on its nature and intended effect, a glaze may be applied before or after cooking. It may be either sweet or savory (in pâtisserie, the former is known as glaçage); typical glazes include brushed egg whites, some types of icing, and jam (as in nappage), and may or may not include butter, sugar, milk, oil, and fruit or fruit juice.
Winston Hill (boxer)
Winston Hill MOF (born 17 September 1993) is a Fijian boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where he lost to Vladimir Margaryan in the first round.

Hill is of Rotuman descent. He won a silver medal at the 2015 Pacific Games in the Men's Welterweight division.

Rotumans
The Rotumans (Rotuman: Rotuạm; Fijian: Ro) are a Polynesian ethnic group native to Rotuma, an island group forming part of Fiji. The island itself is a cultural melting pot at the crossroads of the Micronesian, Melanesian and Polynesian divisions of the Pacific Ocean, and due to the seafaring nature of traditional Pacific cultures, the indigenous Rotuman have adopted or share many aspects of its multifaceted culture with its Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian neighbours.
Les Billanges
Les Billanges (French pronunciation: [le bilɑ̃ʒ]; Occitan: Los Bilanges) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

Inhabitants are known as Billangeots in French.

Haute-Vienne
Haute-Vienne (French: [ot vjɛn]; Occitan: Nauta Vinhana or Nauta Viena), also translated as Upper Vienne, is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwest-central France. Named after the Vienne River, it is one of the twelve départements that together constitute Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The prefecture and largest city in the department is Limoges, the other towns in the department each having fewer than twenty thousand inhabitants. Haute-Vienne had a population of 372,359 in 2019.
Prato reaction
The Prato reaction is a particular example of the well-known 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to olefins. In fullerene chemistry this reaction refers to the functionalization of fullerenes and nanotubes. The amino acid sarcosine reacts with paraformaldehyde when heated at reflux in toluene to an ylide which reacts with a double bond in a 6,6 ring position in a fullerene via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to yield a N-methylpyrrolidine derivative or pyrrolidinofullerene or pyrrolidino[[3,4:1,2]] [60]fullerene in 82% yield based on C60 conversion.

Sarcosine
Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, or monomethylglycine, is an amino acid with the formula CH3N(H)CH2CO2H.  It exists at neutral pH as the zwitterion CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2−, which can be obtained as a white, water-soluble powder.  Like some amino acids, sarcosine converts to a cation at low pH and an anion at high pH, with the respective formulas CH3N+(H)2CH2CO2H and CH3N(H)CH2CO2−.  Sarcosine is a close relative of glycine, with a secondary amine in place of the primary amine.

Sarcosine is ubiquitous in biological materials.  It is used in manufacturing biodegradable surfactants and toothpastes as well as in other applications. It is also a reagent in organic synthesis.

Sarcosine is sweet to the taste.
Kuku (gamer)
Carlo Palad (born September 21, 1996), better known as Kuku, is a Filipino professional Dota 2 player. He currently serves as the captain and offlaner for Talon Esports. Palad previously played for TNC Predator, where he was part of the roster that eliminated OG from The International 2016. He has participated in several editions of The International throughout his career.

The International (esports)
The International (TI) is an annual esports world championship for the five-on-five video game Dota 2. Produced by the game's developer Valve, it serves as the culminating event of the professional Dota 2 season and currently features 16 teams. The International was first held in Germany at the 2011 Gamescom to promote the game's release. It was then held in Seattle, where Valve is headquartered, until it began to be hosted internationally again starting with The International 2018 in Vancouver.

The tournament's prize pool has been crowdfunded via transactions within the game since 2013, with a quarter of all revenue from it directly going towards it. Internationals have the largest single-tournament prize pool of any esport event, with its largest reaching US$40 million in 2021. The most recent champion is Team Falcons, who won The International 2025, with OG, Team Spirit, and Team Liquid each having won two Internationals since its inception.
Campanian Archipelago
The Campanian Archipelago (Italian: Arcipelago Campano), also called Neapolitan Archipelago (Arcipelago Napoletano), is an archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea, in southwestern Italy. It principally comprises 5 islands: Capri, Ischia, Nisida, Procida, and Vivara. Most of the archipelago belongs to the Metropolitan City of Naples (and previously part of the Province of Naples).

Province of Naples
The province of Naples (Italian: provincia di Napoli; Neapolitan: pruvincia 'e Nàpule) was a province in the Campania region of Italy.

In 2014/2015, the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990 and Law 56/2014), replaced the province of Naples with the Metropolitan City of Naples.
Karabayır, Dargeçit
Karabayır (Kurdish: Zengan; Syriac: Zangan) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Dargeçit, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Erebiyan tribe and had a population of 1,020 in 2021.

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.
Pietro Pavan
Pietro Pavan (30 August 1903 - 26 December 1994) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church from 1985 until his death in 1994. He was appointed by John Paul II on 25 May 1985. He helped draft the papal encyclical Pacem in terris.

Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin encyclios (originally from the Latin encyclius, a Latinization of Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkyklios), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia).

The term is now primarily associated with papal encyclicals from the Catholic Church for letters outlining the church's perspective on a topic, but is also used among Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Zhang Fusheng (politician)
Zhang Fusheng (Chinese: 张福生; born September 1962) is a former Chinese politician, who served as the deputy director of the Fire and Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Emergency Management from 2019 to 2022.

Ministry of Emergency Management
The Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM) is the 24th-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, responsible for the country's emergency management, work safety, and emergency rescue. It is the result of a merger from emergency management departments in various ministries due to a State Council reform in 2018.
John Smith (United States Navy officer)
Captain John Smith was a United States Navy officer who served in the First Barbary War and War of 1812. Over the course of his career, he commanded the warships USS Vixen, USS Syren, USS Wasp, USS Essex, USS Congress, and USS Franklin.

First Barbary War
The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was a conflict during the 1801–1815 Barbary Wars, in which the United States fought against Ottoman Tripolitania. Tripolitania had declared war against the United States over disputes regarding tributary payments in exchange for a cessation of Tripolitanian commerce raiding at sea. United States President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay this tribute. The First Barbary War was the first major American war fought outside the New World, and in the Arab world, besides the smaller American–Algerian War (1785–1795).
Galius Kličius
Galius Kličius  (10 May 1950 – 11 September 2024) was a Lithuanian painter, cinematographer, and theatrical designer.

His film art direction credits include productions by BBC Classical Music Television, Showtime Networks, USA Networks, and Company Pictures.

Kličius died on 11 September 2024, at the age of 74.

Showtime Networks
Showtime Networks, Inc. is a subsidiary of American media conglomerate Paramount Skydance Corporation under its networks division that oversees the company's premium cable television channels, including its flagship namesake service. It was founded on September 6, 1983.
Dawson City: Frozen Time
Dawson City: Frozen Time is a 2016 American documentary film written, edited, and directed by Bill Morrison, and produced by Morrison and Madeleine Molyneaux. First screened in the Orizzonti competition section at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival, the film details the history of the remote Yukon town of Dawson City, from the Klondike Gold Rush to the 1978 Dawson Film Find: a discovery of 533 nitrate reels containing numerous lost films. The recovered silent films, buried beneath a hockey rink in 1929, included shorts, features, and newsreel footage of various events, such as the 1919 World Series.

Reel
A reel is a tool used to store elongated and flexible objects (e.g. yarns/cords, ribbons, cables, hoses, etc.) by wrapping the material around a cylindrical core known as a spool. Many reels also have flanges (known as the rims) around the ends of the spool to help retain the wrapped material and prevent unwanted slippage off the ends. In most cases, the reel spool is hollow in order to pass an axle and allow it to spin like a wheel, a winding process known as reeling, which can be done by manually turning the reel with handles or cranks, or by machine-powered rotating via (typically electric) motors.
Weimao
Weimao (Chinese: 帷帽; lit. 'veiled hat or curtained hat') is a type of wide-brimmed hat with a shoulder-length veil hanging. The weimao was a popular form of head covering during the Tang dynasty. It was invented during either the Sui or the early Tang dynasty, according to Liu Zhiji and Zhang Yanyuan.

Zhang Yanyuan
Zhang Yanyuan (simplified Chinese: 张彦远; traditional Chinese: 張彥遠; pinyin: Zhāng Yànyuǎn; Wade–Giles: Chang Yenyüan, c. 815- c. 877), courtesy name Aibin (爱宾), was a Chinese art historian, calligrapher, and painter of the late Tang dynasty.
Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Luis Laguna
Luis Alfredo Laguna (lah-goo'-nah) (May 1, 1926 – August 1, 1984) was a Venezuelan musician and songwriter.

Born in the tiny city of Guacara, Carabobo, Laguna moved at an early age with his family to Maracay, Aragua, where he grew up and started his education. Largely self-taught, he excelled as a gifted guitarist and prolific songwriter, while creating a distinctive style of his own by using contemporary harmonies and rhythms as well as gorgeous melodies in his works. Author of significant Venezuelan waltzes and joropos, he also had a strong predilection for the merengue caraqueño. Some of his most popular songs are Al poeta, Criollísima, Golosinas criollas, El saltarín, El tramao, Mi merengue, Nathalia, Serenata, S.O.S. and Un heladero con clase, among others.

Laguna died in 1984 at his home of Maracay at the age of 58, following complications from diabetes.

Venezuelan waltz
The Venezuelan waltz is a hall dance and accompanying musical genre that was popularized in 19th-century Venezuela. Federico Villena is considered as the father of the Venezuelan Waltz, which changed the European waltz in form, and by adding African and local rhythms.

The two main types of waltz were the hall waltz and the popular waltz.  The former was typically performed on piano.  Key musicians in this genre were Federico Vollmer, Manuel Azpúrua, Manuel Guadalajara, Rafael Isaza, Heraclio Fernández, Rogelio Caraballo, Francisco de Paula Aguirre, Ramon Delgado Palacios, Laudelino Mejías and Antonio Lauro.

The popular waltz was performed on traditional regional instruments, often the violin and the bandola accompanied by guitar, tiple and cuatro. Most popular waltzes had anonymous composers.
James Atkinson Abrams
James Atkinson Abrams (November 11, 1844 – April 24, 1914) was a business owner and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Nanaimo in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1878 to 1882. He retired at the 1882 provincial election and never again sought reelection to the Legislature.

He was born in Napanee, Ontario, apprenticed there as a tanner and came to Victoria in 1867. He worked as a foreman in two tanneries before moving to Nanaimo, where he established the Nanaimo Tanning Company in 1878, with himself as president. In the same year, he married Georgina Wenborn. In 1886, he became a partner in a business in Vancouver. Later that year, his business in Nanaimo was destroyed in a fire. Abrams served on Nanaimo City Council in 1889 and also served as a justice of the peace. He died in Cumberland at the age of 69.

Abrams Island, located west of Swindle Island, was named after him.

Nanaimo City Council
The Nanaimo City Council is the governing body for the city of Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. The council consists of the mayor and eight councillors.

The councillors are councillors-at-large elected for the entire city.

Municipal elections are held every four years across the Province on the third Saturday of November.

The first woman to be mayor in Nanaimo was Joy Leach (1990–1993), who defeated long-time mayor Frank Ney.