hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial map
A combinatorial map is a combinatorial representation of a graph on an orientable surface. A combinatorial map may also be called a combinatorial embedding, a rotation system, an orientable ribbon graph, a fat graph, or a cyclic graph. More generally, an -dimensional combinatorial map 
is a combinatorial representation of a graph on an -dimensional orientable manifold.

Combinatorial maps are used as efficient data structures in image representation and processing, in geometrical modeling. This model is related to simplicial complexes and to combinatorial topology. A combinatorial map is a boundary representation model; it represents object by its boundaries.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Marching squares
In computer graphics, marching squares is an algorithm that generates contours for a two-dimensional scalar field (rectangular array of individual numerical values). A similar method can be used to contour 2D triangle meshes.

The contours can be of two kinds:

Isolines – lines following a single data level, or isovalue.

Isobands  – filled areas between isolines.

Typical applications include the contour lines on topographic maps or the generation of isobars for weather maps.

Marching squares takes a similar approach to the 3D marching cubes algorithm:

Process each cell in the grid independently.

Calculate a cell index using comparisons of the contour level(s) with the data values at the cell corners.

Use a pre-built lookup table, keyed on the cell index, to describe the output geometry for the cell.

Apply linear interpolation along the boundaries of the cell to calculate the exact contour position.

Scalar field
In mathematics and physics, a scalar field is a function associating a single number to each point in a region of space – possibly physical space. The scalar may either be a pure mathematical number (dimensionless) or a scalar physical quantity (with units).

In a physical context, scalar fields are required to be independent of the choice of reference frame. That is, any two observers using the same units will agree on the value of the scalar field at the same absolute point in space (or spacetime) regardless of their respective points of origin.  Examples used in physics include the temperature distribution throughout space, the pressure distribution in a fluid, and spin-zero quantum fields, such as the Higgs field.  These fields are the subject of scalar field theory.
Steve Tyson
John Steven "Steve" Tyson is a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives and currently serves as the Deputy Majority Leader. He has represented the 3rd district (including parts of Craven County) since 2021. Tyson previously served in the United States Army from 1973 to 1976.

Craven County, North Carolina
Craven County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 100,720. Its county seat is New Bern. The county was created in 1705 as Archdale Precinct from the now-extinct Bath County. It was renamed Craven Precinct in 1712 and gained county status in 1739. It is named for William, Earl of Craven, who lived from 1606 to 1697. Craven County is part of the New Bern, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Vytautas the Great Bridge
Vytautas the Great Bridge, also known as Aleksotas Bridge before 1930 and from 1940 until 23 February 2008, crosses the Nemunas River to connect Aleksotas and Old Town in Kaunas, Lithuania. Its length exceeds 256 meters, and its width is of 16 meters. The means of payment for the building of the bridge was arranged back in 1927. After several stages of competition, Copenhagen-based engineers obtained the rights to build the bridge. Finally, on January 11, 1930, the bridge was completed being named after Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great.

During World War II, the bridge was blown up twice. Due to the strategic relevance of the city Kaunas, the bridge was rebuilt in 1948 by architect Levas Kazarinskis. In 2005 the bridge underwent a major reconstruction.

Kaunas Old Town
Kaunas Old Town is the oldest part of Kaunas, next to the confluence of the Nemunas and Neris rivers and Santaka Park. The Old Town had industry in the past, but it is primarily a residential, retail and leisure area in the 21st century.

The main street of the Old Town is cobbled Vilniaus Street, which runs from Kaunas Town Hall to Laisvės Avenue. Laisvės Avenue is one of the longest pedestrian streets in Europe.
Polvijärvi
Polvijärvi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈpolʋiˌjærʋi]; literally "knee lake") is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the North Karelia region. The municipality has a population of 3,957 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 958.32 square kilometres (370.01 sq mi) of which 154.22 km2 (59.54 sq mi) is water. The population density is 4.92 inhabitants per square kilometre (12.7/sq mi). Neighbouring municipalities are Juuka, Kaavi, Kontiolahti, Liperi, Outokumpu.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Polvijärvi is established in 1876.

Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)
which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.

In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.
Animax Entertainment
Animax Entertainment is an animation and interactive production studio producing content for all screens. Founded in 2001 by Dave Thomas, an actor, writer, and producer known for his Emmy award-winning work on SCTV, Animax's clients include Disney, ESPN, Warner Bros., National Geographic, Sesame Workshop, WWE and many others. Animax won a Sports Emmy Award in 2006 and was nominated again in 2007 for their work on ESPN.com's "Off-Mikes", based on Mike Golic and Mike Greenberg and their ESPN Radio show Mike and Mike in the Morning.  The series was also selected as Adobe Systems' Site of the Day on June 20, 2006. In 2007 the company branched out into live-action production with the launch of a viral video series for Kodak and another for Carl's Jr. that gained "Immortal" status on Funny or Die.

Mike Greenberg
Michael Darrow Greenberg (born August 6, 1967) is an American television anchor,  television show host, radio show host for ESPN and ABC, and novelist. At ESPN, he hosted the weekday evening, most often Monday, SportsCenter and previously ESPN Radio's Mike & Mike show with Mike Golic. At sister network ABC, he was the host of Duel, which aired from 2007 to 2008, and co-hosted Battle of the Network Stars with Joe Tessitore. He has anchored ESPN's morning show Get Up since 2018, and has also anchored NBA coverage on NBA Countdown, along with NFL coverage on Sunday NFL Countdown.

As of 2024, Greeny hosts his own radio show called #Greeny.
Internet Dating Superstuds
Internet Dating Superstuds is the ninth studio album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals. An independent music video was filmed for the song "43210-1."

Much of the album is characterized by the pop-punk music and humorous lyrics for which the band is known. Its title, artwork and bonus features satirize several aspects of internet culture. The song lyrics printed in the album's liner notes are all partially obscured by depictions of popup ads similar to those encountered while web surfing. As a promotion for the album, the band members held an online contest in which four fans each won a "date" with one of the band members. These "dates" were videotaped and including in the enhanced CD-ROM portion of the CD. Other bonus content in this portion of the album includes a photo gallery and unobscured lyrics.

Pop-up ad
Pop-up ads or pop-ups are forms of online advertising on the World Wide Web. A pop-up is a graphical user interface (GUI) display area, usually a small window, that suddenly appears ("pops up") in the foreground of the visual interface. The pop-up window containing an advertisement is usually generated by JavaScript that uses cross-site scripting (XSS), sometimes with a secondary payload that uses Adobe Flash. They can also be generated by other vulnerabilities/security holes in browser security.

A variation on the pop-up window, the pop-under advertisement, opens a new browser window under the active window. Pop-unders do not interrupt the user immediately but appear when the user closes the covering window, making it more challenging to determine which website created them.
Anazarbus (West Syriac diocese)
The city of Anazarbus was an archdiocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church, attested between the sixth and twelfth centuries. Nearly thirty Syriac Orthodox bishops or metropolitans of Anazarbus are mentioned either by Michael the Syrian or in other Syriac Orthodox narrative sources.  The archdiocese is last mentioned towards the end of the twelfth century, and seems to have lapsed in the early decades of the thirteenth century.

Anazarbus
Anazarbus, also known as Justinopolis (Ancient Greek: Ἀναζαρβός / Ἰουστινούπολις, medieval Ain Zarba; modern Anavarza; Arabic: عَيْنُ زَرْبَة), was an ancient Cilician city. Under the late Roman Empire, it was the capital of Cilicia Secunda. Roman emperor Justinian I rebuilt the city in 527 after a strong earthquake hit it. It was destroyed in 1374 by the forces of the Mamluk Empire, after their conquest of Cilician Armenia.
Rudram (missile)
The Rudram (lit. 'Roaring') is a series of supersonic and hypersonic air-to-surface (ASM) ground attack and anti-radiation missiles in development by the Defence Research and Development Organisation of India. It can be launched from a range of altitudes with large standoff distance for destroying enemy surveillance radars, communication stations and bunkers.

It will be manufactured jointly by Bharat Dynamics Limited and Bharat Electronics Limited after trials and introduction. DRDO also involved Adani Defence & Aerospace under Development cum Production Partner programme for mass production. The hypersonic variant Rudram-2 will also be manufactured by Adani Defence and Aerospace in their Hyderabad facility.

Bharat Electronics
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is an Indian public sector aerospace and defence electronics company, headquartered in Bengaluru. It primarily manufactures advanced electronic products for ground and aerospace applications. BEL is one of sixteen PSUs under the administration of the Ministry of Defence of India. It has been granted Navratna status by the Government of India.
Northland, Kansas City
The Northland is an area on the northside of the Kansas City metropolitan area comprising Platte County and Clay County. North of the Missouri River, the Northland includes the northern part of Kansas City, Missouri, the cities of North Kansas City, Liberty, Parkville, Riverside, Platte City, and Gladstone, and the towns of Smithville, Weatherby Lake, and Pleasant Valley. The area is home to more than 360,000 people.

The Northland is largely suburban and rural compared to the rest of the Kansas City metro area, but it has been rapidly developing since the 2010s.

Notable Businesses and Attractions

Briarcliff Village

Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport

Kansas City International Airport

North Kansas City Hospital

Oceans of Fun

Shoal Creek Living History Museum

Weston

William Jewell College

Worlds of Fun

Zona Rosa

Oceans of Fun
Oceans of Fun is a tropically themed water park that opened on May 22, 1982, in Kansas City, Missouri, to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the adjacent Worlds of Fun amusement park. When it opened, it was the largest water park in the state of Missouri. It is owned and operated by Six Flags Entertainment Corporation.
Alena Hanušová
Alena Hanušová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈalɛna ˈɦanuʃovaː]; born 29 May 1991, Sokolov) is a Czech professional basketball player. She plays for the Czech Republic women's national basketball team and USK Praha. She has represented the national team in several Eurobasket Women competitions and represented country at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

USK Praha (women's basketball)
USK Praha (official name: ZVVZ USK Praha) is a Czech professional women's basketball club that was founded in 1953 in the city of Prague. USK Praha plays in the Czech League, the highest competition in the Czech Republic. It is a 26-times national champion. On the international scene, the team’s greatest successes have been winning the Ronchetti Cup in the 1975/76 season, the EuroLeague in the 2014/15 and 2024/25 seasons, and the FIBA SuperCup in 2015.

Since 2014, USK Praha’s home is Královka Arena. Before this, the team played at Folimanka hall.
Louisiana Highway 3134
Louisiana Highway 3134 (LA 3134) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves Jefferson Parish.  It spans 7.2 miles (11.6 km) in a north-south direction along Leo Kerner/Lafitte Parkway between Jean Lafitte and Estelle (south of Marrero) and acts as a four-lane bypass to the older Barataria Boulevard (LA 45).

Gulf Intracoastal Waterway
The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) is the portion of the Intracoastal Waterway located along the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is a navigable inland waterway running approximately 1,300 mi (2,100 km) from Saint Marks, Florida, to Brownsville, Texas.

The waterway provides a channel with a controlling depth of 12 ft (3.7 m), designed primarily for barge transportation.  Although the U.S. government proposals for such a waterway were made in the early 19th century, the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway was not completed until 1949.
Shringara-manjari-katha
Shringara-manjari-katha (IAST: Śṛṅgāra-mañjarī-kathā, "Stories for Shringara-manjari") is an 11th-century Sanskrit-language storybook from India. Attributed to king Bhoja, it has been partially recovered from a fragmentary manuscript. It contains a frame story, in which a courtesan's mother instructs her daughter on how to deal with men of various characters, through 13 sub-stories.

Dhar
Dhar is a city located in Dhar district of the Malwa region in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Dhar district. Before Indian independence from Great Britain, it was the capital of the Dhar princely state.
Nowa Bukówka
Nowa Bukówka [ˈnɔva buˈkufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żabia Wola, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Five Polish citizens were murdered by Nazi Germany in the village during World War II.

Grodzisk County, Masovian Voivodeship
Grodzisk County (Polish: powiat grodziski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Grodzisk Mazowiecki, which lies 29 kilometres (18 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The county also contains the towns of Milanówek, lying 2 km (1 mi) north-east of Grodzisk Mazowiecki, and Podkowa Leśna, 8 km (5 mi) east of Grodzisk Mazowiecki.

The county covers an area of 366.87 square kilometres (141.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 93,570, out of which the population of Grodzisk Mazowiecki is 31,782, that of Milanówek is 16,334, that of Podkowa Leśna is 3,851, and the rural population is 41,603.
Saltwater Slavery
Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora is a book by Stephanie E. Smallwood and the 2008 winner of the Frederick Douglass Book Prize. The book attempts to tell the story of enslaved Africans through the accounts of the Royal Africa Company (RAC) from 1675 to 1725.

Frederick Douglass Book Prize
The Frederick Douglass Book Prize is awarded annually by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History and the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition at Yale University.

It is a $25,000 award for the most outstanding non-fiction book (or pair of books) of the year in English on the subject of slavery, abolition, or antislavery movements. It was first awarded in 1999.
Wetback: The Undocumented Documentary
Wetback: The Undocumented Documentary is a 2005 Canadian documentary film, funded by the Canada Council for the Arts and written and directed by Arturo Pérez Torres.

It was released by the independent studio Open City Works and distributed by the Ironweed film club.

The filmmakers follow Nayo and Milton (whose surnames are not given), migrants from Chinandega, Nicaragua as they cross through Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States in their attempt to reach Canada. Along the way, other migrants are interviewed as they are detained by Mexican authorities. Catholic human rights workers in Chiapas also offer their perspectives, particularly on the abuse of migrants by gangs such as the Mara Salvatrucha.

It also features interviews with United States Border Patrol agents and Arizona Minuteman Project organizer Chris Simcox.

Film studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; however, most firms in the entertainment industry have never had their own studios, but have rented space from other companies instead. Day-to-day filming operations are generally handled by a production company subsidiary.

Another type of company is an independently owned studio facility, which does not produce motion pictures by itself; such facilities only sell studio space.
Craigieburn Forest Park
Craigieburn Forest Park is a protected area in the South Island of New Zealand, adjacent to Arthur's Pass National Park to the north.

The park is administered by the Department of Conservation, and features the Broken River Ski Area and the Craigieburn Valley Ski Area. The park is popular for a range of recreational activities, particularly for people from Christchurch.

Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
The Department of Conservation (DOC; Māori: Te Papa Atawhai) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the conservation of New Zealand's natural and historical heritage.

An advisory body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is provided to advise DOC and its ministers.  In addition there are 15 conservation boards for different areas around the country that provide for interaction between DOC and the public.
Costanza Di Camillo
Costanza Di Camillo (born 25 January 1995) is an Italian synchronised swimmer. She competed in Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

She won a bronze medal at the 2018 European Championships, and before a silver medal at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships.

Di Camillo is an athlete of the Gruppo Sportivo della Marina Militare,

2016 European Aquatics Championships
The 2016 European Aquatics Championships took place from 9 to 22 May 2016 in London, United Kingdom, in the London Aquatics Centre. It was the thirty second edition of the event, and the second held in the same year as a Summer Olympics. Hosts Great Britain headed the medal table for the second successive event; although their swimming return was slightly down, partly down to a small number of star names resting prior to Rio, the gap was made up by an outstanding performance in the diving pool.
Anandite
Anandite is a rare phyllosilicate with formula (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Si,Al,Fe)4O10(S,OH)2. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. It is black in color with a glassy luster and a near perfect cleavage.

It was first described in 1967 for an occurrence in the Wilagedera Prospect of the North Western Province of Sri Lanka in bands of iron ore.  It has also been found in Big Creek in Fresno County and in Trumball Peak in Mariposa County, California as well as the Sterling Mine in New Jersey.  It was named for Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy (1877–1947), who was the first director of the Mineral Survey of Ceylon, Sri Lanka.

Anandite is a member of the mica group of minerals.  Other minerals that anandite is associated with include: magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and baryte.

Mariposa County, California
37°35′N 119°55′W﻿ / ﻿37.58°N 119.91°W﻿ / 37.58; -119.91

Mariposa County (/ˌmærɪˈpoʊzə, -sə/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 17,131. The county seat is Mariposa. The county lies in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, north of Fresno, east of Merced, and southeast of Stockton. The eastern portion of the county encompasses the principal area of Yosemite National Park.

Mariposa County is one of only three counties in California that does not include any incorporated cities, along with Alpine and Trinity counties. The county includes 17 communities recognized as census-designated places for statistical purposes. It also has no permanent traffic signals anywhere within its borders.
Jack Carroll (hurler)
Jack Carroll (1921–1998) is an Irish hurler who played as a goalkeeper for the Offaly senior hurling team.

Carroll made his first appearance for the team during the 1943 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1953 championship. During that time he enjoyed little success as Offaly were regarded as one of the minnows of provincial hurling.

At club level Carroll was a five-time county club championship medalist with Coolderry.

Carroll's father-in-law, "Red" Jack Teehan, his son, Pat Carroll, and his grandson, Brian Carroll, also played hurling with Offaly.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.