hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lava River Cave
43°53′43″N 121°22′08″W﻿ / ﻿43.895396°N 121.368917°W﻿ / 43.895396; -121.368917

The Lava River Cave near Bend, Oregon, is part of the Newberry National Volcanic Monument, which is managed by the United States Forest Service. At 5,211 feet (1,588 m) in length, the northwest section of the cave is the longest continuous lava tube in Oregon. While the cave's discovery in 1889 was officially credited to a pioneer hunter, the presence of obsidian flakes near the cave has led archaeologists to conclude that Native Americans knew about the cave long before settlers arrived in central Oregon.

Obsidian
Obsidian (/əbˈsɪdi.ən, ɒb-/ əb-SID-ee-ən ob-) is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. It is an igneous rock. Produced from felsic lava, obsidian is rich in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. It is commonly found within the margins of rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows. These flows have a high content of silica, giving them a high viscosity. The high viscosity inhibits the diffusion of atoms through the lava, which inhibits the first step (nucleation) in the formation of mineral crystals. Together with rapid cooling, this results in a natural glass forming from the lava.

Obsidian is hard, brittle, and amorphous; it therefore fractures with sharp edges. In the past, it was used to manufacture cutting and piercing tools, and it has been used experimentally as surgical scalpel blades.
Si deus si dea
Si deus si dea is an Archaic Latin phrase meaning "whether god or goddess". It was used to address a deity of unknown gender. It was also written sive deus sive dea, sei deus sei dea, or sive mas sive femina ("whether male or female").

The phrase can be found on several ancient monuments. Archaic Roman inscriptions such as this may have been written to protect the identity of the god if Rome were captured by an enemy. The construction was often used when invoking the god of a place (e.g., "Be you god or goddess who reigns over Carthage, grant us..."). The classical scholar Edward Courtney claimed it was "intended to cover all bases as an acknowledgement of the limitations of human knowledge about divine powers".

Edward Courtney (classicist)
Edward Courtney ((1932-03-22)22 March 1932 – (2019-11-24)24 November 2019) was a Northern Irish classicist. After reading Classics at Trinity College Dublin, he taught Latin literature at King's College London until 1983. He then worked in the United States and held the Basil L. Gildersleeve Professorship at the University of Virginia when he retired. He specialised in textual criticism, publishing critical editions of Valerius Flaccus, Juvenal, Statius, and Petronius.
Mads Conrad-Petersen
Mads Conrad-Petersen (born 12 January 1988) is a Danish former badminton player. He won the gold medal at the 2016 European Championships in the men's doubles event partnered with Mads Pieler Kolding. He also a part of the Denmark national team who won the 2016 Thomas Cup.

Denmark national badminton team
The Denmark national badminton team (Danish: Danmarks badmintonlandshold) is a badminton team located in Denmark and represents the nation of Denmark in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by Badminton Denmark, the governing body for badminton in Denmark.
Statue of Rita Pérez de Moreno
A statue of Rita Pérez de Moreno is installed along the Rotonda de los Jaliscienses Ilustres, in Centro, Guadalajara, in the Mexican state of Jalisco.

The statue was created by Rubén Orozco Loza and it was installed on 27 August 2010, the 149th anniversary of her death. Her rests remain there and she was honored during a ceremony.

A statue of her husband Pedro Moreno is also installed at the site.

Rita Pérez de Moreno
María Rita de la Trinidad Pérez Jiménez (23 May 1779 – 27 August 1861), commonly known as Doña Rita Pérez de Moreno, was an insurgent of the Mexican War of Independence, along with her husband Pedro Moreno.
Cosmopterix coryphaea
Cosmopterix coryphaea is a moth of the  family Cosmopterigidae. It is known from the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean region from Spain to Cyprus.

The wingspan is 9–10 mm.

The larvae feed on Phragmites australis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Phragmites australis
Phragmites australis, known as the common reed, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is a wetland grass that can grow up to 20 feet (6 metres) tall and has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Joy and the Boy
Joy and the Boy is an American musical duo consisting of singer-songwriter Joy Dragland and musician/producer Leo Sidran (son of Ben Sidran).  Their first performance as a duo was in Madison, Wisconsin at a 2000 political rally at the Wisconsin State Capitol in front of 30,000 people.  They released the album Paradise on Nardis Records in 2004 and its cover version of Marvin Gaye's "Let's Get It On" debuted in the Top 40 pop radio charts in Spain.

Wisconsin State Capitol
The Wisconsin State Capitol, located in Madison, Wisconsin, houses both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature along with the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Office of the Governor. Completed in 1917, the building is the fifth to serve as the Wisconsin capitol since the first territorial legislature convened in 1836 and the third building since Wisconsin was granted statehood in 1848. The Wisconsin State Capitol is the tallest building in Madison, a distinction that has been preserved by legislation that prohibits buildings taller than the 187 feet (57 m) columns surrounding the dome.  That is, -within one mile of the Capitol.  1,032 feet above sea level=the 187-foot mark. The Capitol is located at the southwestern end of the Madison Isthmus in downtown Madison, bordered by streets that make up the Capitol Square.
Fray Luis Beltrán, Santa Fe
Fray Luis Beltrán is a small city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, north of the city of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River. It had a population of about 15,000 inhabitants at the 2010 census [INDEC].

The town was founded in 1892 by Domingo Borghi. Its name is an homage to a friar of the San Carlos Monastery in nearby San Lorenzo, where the wounded of the rebel forces of General José de San Martín were tended after the Battle of San Lorenzo.

Fray Luis Beltrán is divided into two parts by the National Route 11. There is a military battalion, a factory of weapons and military supplies (Fábrica Militar Fray Luis Beltrán ), and a chemical plant (Sulfacid S. A.).

Paraná River
The Paraná River (Portuguese: Rio Paraná [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Spanish: Río Paraná [ˈri.o paɾaˈna] ⓘ; Guarani: Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some 4,880 kilometres (3,030 mi). Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain.

A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low.
Fossorial
A fossorial animal (from Latin  fossor 'digger') is one that is adapted to digging and which lives primarily (but not solely) underground. Examples of fossorial vertebrates are moles, badgers, naked mole-rats, meerkats, armadillos, wombats, and mole salamanders. Among invertebrates, many molluscs (e.g., clams), insects (e.g., beetles, wasps, bees), and arachnids (e.g. spiders) are fossorial.

Arachnid
Arachnids are arthropods in the class Arachnida (/əˈræknɪdə/) of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons.

Adult arachnids have eight legs attached to the  cephalothorax. In some species the frontmost pair of legs has converted to a sensory function, while in others, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs.

Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 110,000 named species, of which 51,000 are species of spiders.

The term is derived from the Greek word ἀράχνη (aráchnē, 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider.
Mark S. Cohen
Mark Steven Cohen (born 1956) is an American neuroscientist and early pioneer of functional brain imaging using magnetic resonance imaging. He is a currently a professor of psychiatry, neurology, radiology, psychology, biomedical physics, and biomedical engineering at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the Staglin Center for Cognitive Neuroscience. He is also a performing musician.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Maratecoara
Maratecoara is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal pools, swamps and lagoons in the upper Araguaia–Tocantins and middle Xingu river basins in Brazil. Most are from savanna regions, but M. gesmonei is from the Amazon rainforest.

They are small fish, up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in total length. The males are mottled or spotted orange-red and turquoise-blue, and have long, pointed fins. The much duller females have "normal" fins.

Tocantins River
The Tocantins River (Portuguese: Rio Tocantins Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi.u tokɐ̃ˈtʃĩs, tu-], Parkatêjê: Pyti [pɨˈti]): 59  is a river in Brazil, the central fluvial artery of the country. In the Tupi language, its name means "toucan's beak" (Tukã for "toucan" and Ti for "beak"). It runs from south to north for about 2,450 km (1,520 mi). While sometimes included in definitions of the Amazon basin, the Tocantins is not a branch of the Amazon River, since its waters flow into the Atlantic Ocean via an eastern channel of the Amazon Delta, alongside those of the Amazon proper. It flows through four Brazilian states (Goiás, Tocantins, Maranhão, and Pará) and gives its name to one of Brazil's newest states, formed in 1988 from what was until then the northern portion of Goiás.

The Tocantins is one of the largest clearwater rivers in South America.
Miss São Paulo
Miss São Paulo, also referred to as Miss Estado de São Paulo, is a Brazilian Beauty pageant which selects the representative for the State of São Paulo at the Miss Brazil contest. The pageant was created in 1954 and has been held every year since with the exception of 1990, 1993, and 2020. The pageant is held annually with representation of several municipalities. Since 2024, the State directors for Miss São Paulo are Renata Vilani and Samuel Teixeira. São Paulo has won eight crowns in the national contest.

The following women have competed as Miss São Paulo in the national contest and won:

Carmen Sílvia de Barros Ramasco, from Campinas, in 1967

Sandra Mara Ferreira, from Sorocaba, in 1973

Sandra Guimarães, from Ribeirão Preto, in 1974

Kátia Celestina Moretto, from Sorocaba, in 1976

Cássia Janys Moraes Silveira, from Indaiatuba, in 1977

Ana Elisa Flores da Cruz, in 1984

Patrícia Godói, from São Carlos, in 1991

Valéria Péris, from Campinas, in 1994

Miss Brazil
Miss Brazil (Portuguese: Miss Brasil) is a Brazilian national beauty pageant, held annually since 1954. The competition has gone through several incarnations throughout its history, while its main purpose has been to select the Brazilian representative for the Miss World pageant.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 4th Middlesex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 4th Middlesex district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers parts of Middlesex County and Worcester County. Democrat Danielle Gregoire of Marlborough has represented the district since 2013.

Massachusetts Democratic Party
The Massachusetts Democratic Party (MassDems) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Massachusetts. It is chaired by Steve Kerrigan and is the dominant party in the state, controlling all nine of the state's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all six elected statewide offices including the governorship, and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Steve Oppermann
Steve Oppermann (born January 31, 1942) is an American professional golfer. Oppermann had a sterling amateur career, being regarded as "one of the most talented amateurs in the West," culminating with victories at two "blue ribbon" events, the 1964 Western Amateur and California State Amateur Championship. Shortly after these victories he turned professional. He played on the PGA Tour for nine seasons and recorded two second-place finishes. However, he failed to win and did not record many other high results. In 1973 he quit tournament golf and has worked as a club professional in southeastern United States for the remainder of his career.

U.S. Amateur
The United States Amateur Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Amateur, is the leading annual golf tournament in the United States for amateur golfers. It is organized by the United States Golf Association and is currently held each August over a 7-day period.
Gnesin
Gnesin, or Gnessin (Russian: Гнесин) is a Jewish Russian surname. People with this surname include:

Fabian Osipovich Gnesin (1837–1891), an official rabbi of Rostov-on-Don and father of a prominent Jewish Russian family of musicians and philanthropists.

Sisters Gnesin:
Yevgeniya Savina-Gnesina (1870–1940)
Elena Gnesina (1874–1967)
Maria Gnesina (1876–1918)
Yelizaveta Gnesina-Vitáček (1876–1953)
Olga Alexandrova-Gnesina (1881–1963)
Mikhail Gnesin (1883–1957), Jewish Russian composer
Grigory Gnesin (1884–1938), singer and stage actor

Gnesin State Musical College, Moscow

Uri Nissan Gnessin (1879–1913), Jewish Russian writer, a pioneer in modern Hebrew literature

Menahem Gnessin (1882–1951), Jewish Russian stage actor, younger brother of Uri Nissan Gnessin

Mikhail Gnessin
Mikhail Fabianovich Gnessin (Russian: Михаил Фабианович Гнесин; sometimes transcribed Gnesin; 2 February [O.S. 21 January] 1883 – 5 May 1957) was a Russian Jewish composer and teacher. Gnessin's works The Maccabeans and The Youth of Abraham earned him the nickname the "Jewish Glinka".
Ladang
Ladang is a state constituency in Terengganu, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1959 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
The Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu. It consists of 32 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are customarily held alongside elections to the federal parliament during a general election.

The State Assembly convenes at the Wisma Darul Iman in the state capital, Kuala Terengganu.

All 32 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election, effectively making it a one-party state. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 27 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a supermajority in the assembly.
Bakhti Giray
Bakhti Giray (d. 1729), also known as Deli Sultan, was a Crimean Tatar prince of the Giray dynasty and a son of Devlet II Giray, Khan of Crimea. Active mainly in the Kuban and North Caucasus, he emerged in the early 18th century as a semi-independent warlord, repeatedly rebelling against the Crimean khans and the Ottoman authorities. His career was marked by large-scale raids, shifting alliances with Nogais, Kalmyks, Circassians, and Cossacks, and prolonged warfare in the Kuban, Kabardia, and southern Russian frontier. He was killed in 1729 by Kabardians.

Qaplan I Giray
Qaplan I Giray was three times khan of the Crimean Khanate. He was the son of Selim I Giray and thus one of the six brothers who ruled for most of the period from 1699 to 1743. During his first reign he was defeated by the Kabardians. His second reign ended when he did not fully support the Turks in the Balkans. During his third reign Russia invaded Crimea and burned its capital. He and his brothers, as members of the House of Giray, were direct patrilineal descendants of Tuqa-Timur, son of Jochi Khan, the founder of the Golden Horde.
Stary Wielisław
Stary Wielisław [ˈstarɨ vjɛˈliswaf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłodzko, in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesia Province, in southwestern Poland.

Local landmarks are the Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows and the chapel mausoleum of Duke John I of Ziębice, of the Piast dynasty, who died in the vicinity of the village during a 1428 battle against the Hussites.

Kłodzko County
Kłodzko County (Polish: powiat kłodzki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998.

The county covers an area of 1,643 square kilometres (634 sq mi); its territory almost exactly corresponds to the former Bohemian, later Prussian, County of Kladsko. It is located in a panhandle called Kłodzko Panhandle. The county's administrative seat is the town of Kłodzko; the other towns are: Duszniki-Zdrój, Nowa Ruda, Polanica-Zdrój, Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Kudowa-Zdrój, Lądek-Zdrój, Międzylesie, Radków, Stronie Śląskie and Szczytna. (The suffix Zdrój appearing in several of these names means "spa".)

As of 2019 the total population of the county was 158,600.
JW Marriott Hotel Hong Kong
JW Marriott Hotel Hong Kong is a 5-star hotel located in Admiralty, the heart of Hong Kong Island and next to Wan Chai and Central. The hotel is situated in the Pacific Place complex, directly connected to the Admiralty MTR station. It opened on 27 February 1989 and is the first Marriott International hotel in the Asia-Pacific region. The upper floors of the building are occupied by Upper House Hong Kong.

The hotel has 581 guestrooms and 27 suites with panoramic views of the city, harbour and mountains. It offers 8 restaurants including Michelin-starred Man Ho Chinese Restaurant, JW Café, The Lounge, alfresco Fish Bar, Flint, Pool Lounge, Bar Q88 and Dolce 88. The hotel also has 18 function rooms, a 24-hour fully equipped fitness centre, massage treatments, an outdoor pool, business services and 24-hour in-room dining.

Wan Chai
Wan Chai (Chinese: 灣仔) is located in the western part of Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is bounded by Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west, and Bowen Road to the south. The area north of Gloucester Road is often called Wan Chai North.

Wan Chai is one of the busiest commercial areas in Hong Kong with offices of many small and medium-sized companies. Wan Chai North features office towers, parks, hotels and an international conference and exhibition centre. Wan Chai is also well known for its famous night life which has evolved over decades. As one of the first areas developed in Hong Kong, the locale is densely populated but facing urban decay. The government has undertaken several urban renewal projects in recent years. There are various landmarks and skyscrapers within the area, most notably the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), Central Plaza and Hopewell Centre.
Forget-me-not Lakes (Wyoming)
Forget-me-not Lakes is a high elevation ecosystem located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U. S. state of Wyoming. It is located 8.8 miles (14.2 km) from Moose Wilson Road, in Teton County, and situated 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Rimrock Lake and Prospectors Mountain. The lakes consist of several small bodies of water, the largest 150 yd (140 m) long and 180 yd (160 m) wide. Death Creek has 24 tributary streams, several of which originate from Death Shelf springs; two tributaries originate from Forget-Me-Not Lakes, elevation 9,600 feet (2,900 m) and Rimrock Lake 9,915 feet (3,022 m) and are located in a remote area near the head of Death Canyon on the slopes of Prospectors Mountain.

Backpacker magazine has referred to the Forget-me-not Lakes as a romantic place known for the abundance of wildflowers in the Spring and listed them as one of the recommended backcountry lakes worth a visit in Grand Teton National Park.

Prospectors Mountain
Prospectors Mountain (11,246 feet (3,428 m)) is a mountain in the Teton Range, located within Grand Teton National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Prospectors Mountain rises to the south above Rimrock Lake and Death Canyon.
Giovanni Battista Riccioli
Giovanni Battista Riccioli SJ (17 April 1598 – 25 June 1671) was an Italian astronomer and a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order. He is known, among other things, for his experiments with pendulums and with falling bodies, for his discussion of 126 arguments concerning the motion of the Earth, and for introducing the current scheme of lunar nomenclature. He is also widely known for discovering the first double star. He argued that the rotation of the Earth should reveal itself because on a rotating Earth, the ground moves at different speeds at different times.

The asteroid 122632 Riccioli is named after him.

Willebrord Snellius
Willebrord Snellius (born Willebrord Snel van Royen, also Willebrord van Roijen Snell (13 June 1580 – 30 October 1626), commonly known simply as Snellius and Snell, was a Dutch astronomer and mathematician.

Snell is best known for the law of refraction of light known as Snell's law, his pioneering work in survey known as Snellius's triangulation, and the Snellius–Pothenot problem, a means in planar trigonometry of finding an unknown point from known ones.

Despite being commonly attributed to Snell, the law of refraction was discovered by the Persian scientist Ibn Sahl around 984 AD.