hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earl of Ormond (Scotland)
Earl of Ormond was a title twice created in the Peerage of Scotland, both times for members of the Douglas family. The related title Marquess of Ormond was created twice in the Peerage of Scotland for members of the House of Stuart.

The name Ormond originates from Ormond Castle at Avoch in the Black Isle, held by the Douglas family.

Black Isle
The Black Isle (Scottish Gaelic: an t-Eilean Dubh, pronounced [ən̪ˠ ˈtʲʰelan ˈt̪uh]) is a peninsula within Ross and Cromarty, in the Scottish Highlands.  It includes the towns of Cromarty and Fortrose, and the villages of Culbokie, Resolis, Jemimaville, Rosemarkie, Avoch, Munlochy, Tore, and North Kessock, as well as numerous smaller settlements. About 12,000 people live on the Black Isle, depending on the definition.

It contains the civil parishes of Killearnan, Knockbain, Avoch, Rosemarkie, Cromarty, Resolis, and Urquhart.  These parishes had a total population of 12,302  at the 2011 census.

The northern slopes of the Black Isle offer fine views of Dingwall, Ben Wyvis, Fyrish and the deepwater anchorage at Invergordon. To the south, Inverness and the Monadhliath Mountains can be seen.
The Valley of Lost Hope
The Valley of Lost Hope is a lost 1915 American silent Western drama film directed by and starring Romaine Fielding. Produced by Lubin Manufacturing Company and written by Shannon Fife, the film portrayed the rise and destruction of a gold-mining "boomtown" created by a phony real-estate business. Other cast members included Peter Lang, Mildred Gregory, and B. K. Roberts in principal roles. The production was filmed on location in Philipsburg in central Pennsylvania and at Lubin's backlot and studio facilities in Betzwood, located approximately 20 miles northwest of Philadelphia.

The Library of Congress includes the film among the National Film Preservation Board's updated 2019 list of "7,200 Lost U.S. Silent Feature Films" produced between 1912 and 1929.

National Film Preservation Board
The United States National Film Preservation Board (NFPB) is the board selecting films for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry. It was established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988. The National Film Registry is meant to preserve up to 25 "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant films" each year; to be eligible, films must be at least 10 years old. Members of the Board also advise the Librarian of Congress on ongoing development and implementation of the national film preservation plan.

The NFPB is a federal agency located within the Library of Congress. The NFPB was established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, and reauthorized in 1992, 1996 and 2005. The 1996 reauthorization also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation, which is loosely affiliated with the National Film Preservation Board, but the private-sector Foundation (NFPF) and federal Board (NFPB) are separate, legally distinct entities.
Brucoli Lighthouse
Brucoli Lighthouse (Italian: Faro di Brucoli) is an active lighthouse located in the municipality of Augusta on the eastern coast of Sicily near the southern end of the Gulf of Catania. The lighthouse is also called Faro Antico Castello Regina Giovanna (Queen Juana Ancient Castle Lighthouse), because of its proximity to the castle of Brucoli, built in 15th century by Juana Enriquez, second wife of John II of Aragon.

Activated in 1911 and subsequently electrified, it consists of a white tower with a red band and an adjacent building.

In 2017 the Agenzia del Demanio leased the unused service building for 50 years to a local company, which converted it into an accommodation facility.

Juana Enríquez
Juana Enriquez, 5th Lady of Casarrubios del Monte (1425 – 13 February 1468) was Queen of Aragon and de facto Queen consort of Navarre as the wife of King John II. Juana Enríquez was the Regent of Navarre during the absence of her husband in the Navarrese Civil War (1451–1455); she also served as Governor of Catalonia in 1462 in the place of her son (who was his father's nominal governor) and, finally, as Regent of Aragon during the absence of her husband in the Catalan Civil War between 1465 and 1468.
Deckenia (crab)
Deckenia is a genus of freshwater crabs from East Africa, in the family Potamonautidae, or sometimes in a family of its own, Deckeniidae. The genus was named by Hilgendorf after Karl Klaus von der Decken who collected the first examples during his expeditions to Africa. Both species live in swamps from Eyl in Somalia to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, both in coastal areas and further inland. A third species, Deckenia alluaudi, lives in the Seychelles, and has been transferred to a separate genus, Seychellum.

Near-threatened species
A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify for the threatened status.

The IUCN notes the importance of reevaluating near-threatened taxa at appropriate intervals.

The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Those designated since 2001 that depend on conservation efforts to not become threatened are no longer separately considered conservation-dependent species.
The Adventures of Letterman
The Adventures of Letterman is a series of animated shorts that was a regular feature on the 1970s PBS educational television series The Electric Company. A superhero spoof created by Mike Thaler, it debuted during the show's second season. Each episode was animated by John Hubley and Faith Hubley and pit the title character, voiced by Gene Wilder, against the "Spell Binder", voiced by Zero Mostel, with Joan Rivers as the narrator. Plots revolve around Spell Binder causing trouble by changing the letter of a word so it means something completely different, then Letterman restoring it. Sixty segments were produced from 1972 to 1976.

Sweater
A sweater (North American English) or pullover, also called a jersey or jumper (British English, Hiberno-English and Australian English), is a piece of clothing, typically with long sleeves, made of knitted or crocheted material that covers the upper part of the body. When sleeveless, the garment is often called a slipover,  tank top, or sweater vest.

Sweaters are worn by adults and children, often over a shirt, blouse, T-shirt, or another top, but sometimes next to the skin. Sweaters were traditionally made from wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination of these. There are also seasonal sweaters, including the familiar holiday-themed Christmas sweater.
Rick Stark
Richard Stark (born July 26, 1952) is an American Democratic politician from Florida. He served four terms in the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 104th District in southern Broward County, from 2012 to 2020.

Weston, Florida
Weston is a master-planned city in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 68,107 at the time of the 2020 census.

Located just west of Fort Lauderdale and 31 miles (50 km) to the northwest of Miami, the City of Weston is within the Miami metropolitan area.
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World is a 2007 book by the anthropologist David W. Anthony, in which the author describes his "revised Kurgan theory." He explores the origins and spread of the Indo-European languages from the Pontic–Caspian steppe throughout Western Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia. He shows how the domesticated horse and the invention of the wheel mobilized the steppe herding societies in the Eurasian Steppe, and combined with the introduction of bronze technology and new social structures of patron-client relationships gave an advantage to the Indo-European societies. The book won the Society for American Archaeology's 2010 Book Award.

Eurasian Steppe
The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or The Steppe, is an area of grassland in Eurasia that is mostly located in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome. It stretches some 8000 kilometres (5000 miles) from Manchuria in the east through Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, to Hungary and Slovakia in the west.

Since the Paleolithic age, the Steppe Route has been the main overland route between Eastern Europe, North Asia, Central Asia and East Asia economically, politically, and culturally. The Steppe route is a predecessor not only of the Silk Road, which developed during antiquity and the Middle Ages, but also of the Eurasian Land Bridge in the modern era. It has been home to nomadic empires and many large tribal confederations and ancient states throughout history, such as the Xiongnu, Scythia, Cimmeria, Sarmatia, Hunnic Empire, Sogdia, Xianbei, Mongol Empire, Magyar tribes, and Göktürk Khaganate.
Southwestern Medical District/Parkland station
Southwestern Medical District/Parkland station (abbreviated SWMD/Parkland station) is a DART rail station in the Southwestern Medical District of Dallas, Texas. It serves the Green Line and Orange Line, and it also serves as a transfer center for nine bus routes.

The station is directly adjacent to Parkland Memorial Hospital. Shuttle routes at the station connect to UT Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center.

The station opened as part of the Green Line's expansion in December 2010.

DART rail
Dallas Area Rapid Transit operates light rail and hybrid rail in the Dallas metropolitan area. The agency's rail system consists of four light rail lines (Red, Blue, Green, and Orange) and one hybrid rail line (Silver), which together span 73 stations across 119 miles (191.5 km) of track.

In 2025, the four light rail lines had a ridership of 22,237,700, or about 64,000 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025. DART's light rail lines have the 7th highest ridership of light rail systems in the United States.  However, the system was also one of the country's worst financial performers.
Trolleybuses in Santos
The Santos trolleybus system forms part of the public transport network in Santos, a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.  Opened on 12 August 1963, it presently comprises only one line, and, along with the two São Paulo metropolitan area trolleybus systems, is one of only three trolleybus systems still operating in Brazil.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
Calo Scott
Calo Scott (March 11, 1920 - August 9, 1998) was a Cuban-American jazz cellist. He is one of the earliest known jazz cellists. He established himself in the 1950s through working with the saxophonist Gerry Mulligan when "having a cello player as an improvising member of a jazz group was then virtually unheard of." Scott also worked with Ahmed Abdul-Malik, Gato Barbieri, Marc Levin, and John Handy. He was also active on Manhattan's Lower East Side intermedia-arts scene, working with artists such as dancer-choreographer Mary McKay, artist Aldo Tambellini, and filmmaker Cassandra Einstein (then known as Cassandra Gerstein).

Gerry Mulligan
Gerald Joseph Mulligan (April 6, 1927 – January 20, 1996), also known as Jeru, was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, pianist, composer and arranger. Though primarily known as one of the leading jazz baritone saxophonists—playing the instrument with a light and airy tone in the era of cool jazz—Mulligan was also a significant arranger working with Claude Thornhill, Miles Davis, Stan Kenton, and others. His piano-less quartet of the early 1950s with trumpeter Chet Baker is still regarded as one of the best cool jazz ensembles. Mulligan was also a skilled pianist and played several other reed instruments. Several of his compositions, including "Walkin' Shoes" and "Five Brothers", have become standards.
Viktor Mokhov
Viktor Vasilyevich Mokhov (Russian: Ви́ктор Васи́льевич Мо́хов; born 22 June 1950 in Skopin, Ryazan Oblast) is a Russian criminal who in 2000 kidnapped two girls, then 14 and 17 years old, kept them in a basement and raped them for almost four years.

Ryazan Oblast
Ryazan Oblast (Russian: Рязанская область, romanized: Ryazanskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city.
Michael Willetts
Michael Willetts, GC (13 August 1943 – 25 May 1971) was one of the first British soldiers to be killed during the Troubles in Northern Ireland, and the recipient of a posthumous George Cross for his heroism in saving lives during the Provisional Irish Republican Army bombing which claimed his own. The Harvey Andrews song "Soldier" commemorates Willetts.

Harvey Andrews
Harvey John Andrews (born 7 May 1943 in Stechford, Birmingham) is an English singer-songwriter and poet. Andrews has produced 16 albums singing his own songs, many of which have also been recorded by other artists.

Andrews began his career in 1964 and became a full-time musician in 1966. He is known for his collaboration on the musical Go Play Up Your Own End, which has been well-received in the Midlands, and his musical memoir, "Gold Star to the Ozarks." Andrews retired from full-time concert performances in 2012. Throughout his career, he has appeared at numerous festivals, on television shows, and hosted radio programs. He is the father of author Scott K. Andrews and was voted International Artiste of the Year in the 1996 Canadian Porcupine Awards for folk music.
Los Glaciares National Park
Los Glaciares National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Los Glaciares) is a federal protected area in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.

The park covers an area of 726,927 ha (7,269.27 km2; 2,806.68 sq mi), making it the largest national park in the country.
Established on 11 May 1937, it hosts a representative sample of Magellanic subpolar forest and west Patagonian steppe biodiversity in good state of conservation. In 1981, it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

The park's name refers to the giant ice cap in the Andes, the largest outside of Antarctica, Greenland and Iceland, feeding 47 large glaciers, of which 13 flow towards the Pacific Ocean. In other parts of the world, glaciers start at a height of at least 2,500 m (8,200 ft) above mean sea level, but due to the size of the ice cap, these glaciers begin at only 1,500 m (4,900 ft), sliding down to 200 m (660 ft). Los Glaciares borders Torres del Paine National Park to the south in Chilean territory.

Ice cap
In glaciology, an ice cap is a mass of ice that covers less than 50,000 km2 (19,000 mi2) of land area (usually covering a highland area). Larger ice masses covering more than 50,000 km2 (19,000 mi2) are termed ice sheets.
Us Alone
Us Alone is the seventh studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Hayden, released February 5, 2013 on Arts & Crafts.

Hayden has previously released all of his albums in Canada on his own Hardwood Records label, but he announced in November 2012 that he had signed to Arts & Crafts.

Singer-songwriter Lou Canon, Hayden's sister-in-law, appears as a duet vocalist on the track "Blurry Nights".

The album was named a longlisted nominee for the 2013 Polaris Music Prize on June 13, 2013. The album was a shortlisted nominee for the Juno Award for Adult Alternative Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2014.

Juno Awards of 2014
The Juno Awards of 2014 honoured Canadian music industry achievements in the latter part of 2012 and in most of 2013. The awards were presented in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, during the weekend of 29–30 March 2014. The main ceremony took place at the MTS Centre and was televised on CTV.
Weak trace-class operator
In mathematics, a weak trace class operator  is a compact operator on a separable Hilbert space H with singular values the same order as the harmonic sequence.
When the dimension of H is infinite, the ideal of weak trace-class operators is strictly larger than the ideal of trace class operators, and has fundamentally different properties. The usual operator trace on the trace-class operators does not extend to the weak trace class. Instead the ideal of weak trace-class operators admits an infinite number of linearly independent quasi-continuous traces, and it is the smallest two-sided ideal for which all traces on it are singular traces.

Weak trace-class operators feature in the noncommutative geometry of French mathematician Alain Connes.

Alain Connes
Alain Connes (French: [alɛ̃ kɔn]; born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, known for his contributions to the study of operator algebras and noncommutative geometry. He was a professor at the Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982.
Statue of Mao Zedong, Chengdu
The Mao Zedong Statue is a marble sculpture located in Tianfu Square, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. The monument stands 30 m (98.4 ft) tall and depicts Mao Zedong with an outstretched arm. Before 1967, the site was occupied by an ancient palace from the Shu Kingdom of ancient Sichuan. The palace was destroyed by Red Guards and the moat around it filled in to make an air raid shelter in 1967.

Shu (kingdom)
Shu (Chinese: 蜀; Pinyin: Shǔ; former romanization: Shuh), also known as Ancient Shu (Chinese: 古蜀; pinyin: Gǔ Shǔ) in historiography, was an ancient kingdom in what is now Sichuan Province. It was based on the Chengdu Plain, in the western Sichuan basin with some extension northeast to the upper Han River valley. To the east was the Ba tribal confederation. Further east down the Han and Yangtze rivers was the State of Chu. To the north over the Qinling Mountains was the State of Qin. To the west and south were tribal peoples of little military power.

This independent Shu state was conquered by the state of Qin in 316 BCE. Recent archaeological discoveries at Sanxingdui and Jinsha thought to be sites of Shu culture indicate the presence of a unique civilization in this region before the Qin conquest.

In subsequent periods of Chinese history the Sichuan area continued to be referred to as Shu after this ancient state, and later states founded in the same region were also called Shu.
Nammun
Nammun is a small town in Mohnyin Township, Kachin State which is in the northern part of Myanmar. It is situated near Indawgyi Lake, the biggest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. Its number of houses is about 2000 and it has a population of over 15,000 people. Major ethnic groups living there are Shan (50%), Kachin(40%) and Burma (10%). Most are Buddhists and Kachin people are Christians. 70% of the people are farmers. The highest temperature in summer is 42 degree Celsius, and the lowest temperature in winter is 9 degrees Celsius [Burma]].

Kachin State
Kachin State (Burmese: ကချင်ပြည်နယ်; Kachin: Jinghpaw Mungdaw) is the northernmost state of Myanmar. It is bordered by China to the north and east (Tibet and Yunnan, respectively), Shan State to the south, and Sagaing Region and India (Arunachal Pradesh) to the west. It lies between north latitude 23° 27' and 28° 25' longitude 96° 0' and 98° 44'. The area of Kachin State is 89,041 km2 (34,379 sq mi). The capital of the state is Myitkyina. Other important towns include Bhamo, Mohnyin and Putao.

Kachin State has Myanmar's highest mountain, Hkakabo Razi at 5,889 metres (19,321 ft), forming the southern tip of the Himalayas, and a large inland lake, Indawgyi Lake. It also has the most national parks of any administrative division in Myanmar, that being three.
Alec Chien
Alec Chien is a pianist from Hong Kong.

Born in Hong Kong, Chien earned bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees at Juilliard where he studied under Adele Marcus.  He was prized at the II Sydney and the VIII 1982 Santander's Paloma O'Shea (4th prize). He won Gold Medal at the 1986 Gina Bachauer Competition, which led to an intercontinental concert career. Two years later he was selected by Steinway & Sons as one of 25 artists to perform at Carnegie Hall in the celebrations of the firm's 135th anniversary as well as its 500,000th piano.

Alec Chien previously served as an Artist-in-Residence, Professor of Music and Chair of the Music Department at Allegheny College as well as a lecturer at Carnegie Mellon.

Allegheny College
Allegheny College is a private liberal arts college in Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1815, Allegheny is the oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains. It is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Presidents' Athletic Conference and it is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
Hemant Kanoria
Hemant Kanoria is an Indian entrepreneur. He was the founder of Calcutta based finance company Srei Infrastructure Finance. He served as the Vice President of the Calcutta Chamber of Commerce. He also served as a Chairman of the FICCI National Committee on Infrastructure. He is a Vice President of All India Management Association.
He has also served on the Board of Governors of Indian Institute of Management Calcutta and as a former Board Member in the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Guwahati, New Delhi Institute of Management and Neotia University.

Indian Institute of Information Technology, Guwahati
Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati (IIIT G) is one of the Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIIT) located in Guwahati in the state of Assam in India. It was set up by the MHRD, Government of India in public-private partnership (PPP) mode. It was declared as an Institute of National Importance under the Indian Institutes of Information Technology
(Public-Private Partnership) Act, 2017.
Igal Brener
Igal Brener (Hebrew: יגאל ברנר) is a physicist at Sandia National Laboratories who was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for his contributions to terahertz science and technology. Brener is also a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the Optical Society of America. He maintains active research programs in nanophotonics, metamaterials and Terahertz S&T.

Optica (society)
Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and carries out charitable activities.