hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collum (surname)
Collum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Herbert Collum (1914–1982), German organist, harpsichordist, composer, and conductor

Hugh Collum (1940–2005), British businessman

Jackie Collum (born 1927), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Jason Paul Collum (born 1973), American film maker

John Collum (1926–1962), American actor

Vera Collum (1883–1957), British journalist, suffragist, anthropologist, photographer, radiographer and writer

Willie Collum (born 1979), Scottish football referee

Jason Paul Collum
Jason Paul Collum (July 15, 1973) is an American film maker. Collum has written and directed multiple films in the horror film genre, and has earned a reputation as the “gay horror guy". He has written articles for several horror magazines, and made a documentary on the Slumber Party Massacre franchise by Roger Corman. He has  worked on several projects with B-movie filmmakers David DeCoteau and J. R. Bookwalter. Collum is also the author of the books, Assault of the Killer Bs: Interviews With 20 Cult Film Actresses, They Made How Many?! (Mostly) American Horror Franchises of the 20th Century, the children's self-esteem book Heads Up (so you can see the world), and Basements: A Short Tale of Terror.
Gunsight Limestone Member
The Gunsight Limestone Member is a geologic member in Texas. It preserves fossils.

Named in 1919 as the top member of Gunsight formation in Texas, by Frederick B. Plummer. Raymond C. Moore and Plummer assigned the Gunsight limestone to the Graham Formation.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
Syfy
Syfy (a paraphrased neology of former name Sci-Fi Channel, later shortened to Sci Fi; stylized as SYFY in all caps since 2017) is an American cable television channel owned by Versant, a former subsidiary of Comcast prior to its spin-off to their shareholders in 2026. Launched on September 24, 1992, the channel broadcasts programming relating to the science fiction, horror, and fantasy genres. As of November 2023, Syfy is available in approximately 69 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2011 peak of 99 million households.

Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.
Episcopal Church of the Nativity (Union, South Carolina)
Episcopal Church of the Nativity is a historic Episcopal church located at Church and Pinckney Streets in Union, Union County, South Carolina. Construction was started in 1855, but was interrupted by the American Civil War and completed shortly thereafter. The building is a stone Gothic Revival-style church and features a Tiffany stained glass chancel triplet window. Hiram Powers, an American sculptor, carved the octagonal white Carrara marble font that stands in the nave of the church.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Union County, South Carolina
Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,244. Its county seat is Union. The county was created in 1785.

Union County is included in the Spartanburg, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.
Huangsongyu Township
Huangsongyu Township (simplified Chinese: 黄松峪乡; traditional Chinese: 黃松峪鄉; pinyin: Huángsōngyù Xiāng) is a township in the northeast corner of Pinggu District, Beijing, China. It lies south of the Yan Mountain Range. The township is located to the south of Douziyu Township, west of Jinhaihu Town, north of Nandulehe Town, and east of Xiong'erzhai Township and Zhenluoying Town. According to the 2020 census, Huangsongyu's population was 5,062.

The town was named Huangsongyu (Chinese: 黄松峪; lit. 'Yellow Pine Ravine') after Huangsongyu Village, where the town's government is located.

Yan Mountains
The Yan Mountains, also known by their Chinese name Yanshan, are a major mountain range to the north of the North China Plain, principally in the province of Hebei.

The range rises between the Chaobai River on the west and the Shanhai Pass on the east. It consists mostly of limestone, granite, and basalt. Its altitude ranges from 400 to 1000 meters. The main peak, Mount Wuling, is 2,116 meters (6,942 ft) above sea level and is located in Xinglong County in Hebei. The range contains many narrow passes, such as the Gubei Pass, the Xifeng Pass, and the Leng Pass. The eastern stretch of the Great Wall of China, including Badaling in northern Beijing, can be found in the Yan Mountains. The mountains are also an important traffic gateway between the north and south.
Acer smileyi
Acer smileyi is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a series of isolated fossil leaves and samaras.  The species is known from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments exposed in the states of Alaska, Idaho, Nevada, and Oregon, USA.  It is one of several extinct species placed in the living section Parviflora.

Chattian
The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 27.3 and 23.04 Ma. The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage of the Miocene).
Russkiye pesni
Russkiye pesni (Russian: Русские песни; transl. Russian songs), subtitled Syuita na temy narodnykh pesen (Russian: Сюита на темы народных песен; transl. Folk Songs Suite), is a studio album by Russian singer-songwriter Alexander Gradsky released in 1980 through Melodiya. It was the first full-length rock record officially released in the Soviet Union. The album is a conceptual one and consists of Russian folk songs in a modern rock treatment.

The album was recorded with the participation of Gradsky's musical band Skoromorokhi.

Alexander Gradsky
Alexander Borisovich Gradsky (Russian: Алекса́ндр Бори́сович Гра́дский; born Alexander Borisovich Fradkin, 3 November 1949 – 28 November 2021) was a Russian rock singer, bard, multi-instrumentalist and composer.

He was one of the earliest performers of rock music in Russia. His diverse repertoire included rock 'n' roll, traditional folk songs performed with a rock twist, and operatic arias. He composed two rock operas and numerous songs including soundtrack music for several films and cartoons.
Tulang Bawang Regency
Tulang Bawang Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. The regency was created on 3 January 1997 from the eastern half of North Lampung Regency; when created, it originally covered a much wider area, but on 29 October 2008 the seven northern districts were separated off to form a new Mesuji Regency, and the eight western districts were also separated off to form a new West Tulang Bawang Regency. It now has an area of 3,216.38 square kilometres (1,241.85 sq mi) and had a population of 397,906 at the 2010 Census and 430,021 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 440,040. The regency seat is the town of Menggala, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the provincial capital of Bandar Lampung. The regency takes its name from the Tulang Bawang River which flows through the province.

Bandar Lampung
Bandar Lampung (/ˈbɑːndɑː ˈlæmpʌŋ/
BUN-dar-LUM-pung; Indonesian: Kota Bandar Lampung; Lampung: Kutak Bandarlampung; and formerly Dutch: Oosthaven, lit. 'Eastern Harbor') is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Lampung. Located on the southern tip of Sumatra, Bandar Lampung was originally called Tanjungkarang–Telukbetung, since it was a unification of two major settlements in Lampung, before being renamed in 1983.

The city proper, together with South Lampung Regency (which borders the city on its northern and eastern sides) and Pesawaran Regency (which borders it on its western side), are major transmigration recipients. The city's area is about 183.77 km2. It had a census population of 881,801 in 2010 and 1,166,066 in 2020; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 1,077,664 (comprising 543,865 males and 533,799 females).
Dioryctria auranticella
Dioryctria auranticella, the ponderosa pineconeworm moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1883. It is found in western North America from southern British Columbia south to California and Arizona, east to South Dakota and New Mexico.

Its wingspan is 10.5–14 mm. Adults are on wing from mid-July to early August.

The larvae feed on Pinus ponderosa and Pinus attenuata. They generally feed in the cones of their host plant, but occasionally feed on the twigs.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Mishkinsky District
Mishkinsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia:

Mishkinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, an administrative and municipal district of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Mishkinsky District, Kurgan Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Kurgan Oblast

Mishkinsky District, Kurgan Oblast
Mishkinsky District (Russian: Мишкинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,050 square kilometers (1,180 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Mishkino. Population: 17,684 (2010 Census); 22,076 (2002 Census); 26,444 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Mishkino accounts for 45.4% of the district's total population.
Murphy's Law (American TV series)
Murphy's Law is an American crime drama that starred George Segal and Maggie Han, loosely based on the Trace and Digger novels by Warren Murphy. The opening theme song, which replaced an instrumental by Mike Post, was an edited version of "Murphy's Law," a song featured on the album "High Crime" by Al Jarreau. The series premiered November 2, 1988, on ABC. On March 9, 1989, ABC announced that it had canceled the series and that the final episode would air on March 18, 1989. The actual final, unaired episode, entitled "All's Wrong That Ends Wrong," resolved a key storyline in the series (recovering alcoholic Murphy was awarded custody of his daughter from his estranged ex-wife) and also served an unsold pilot for a spin-off starring Joan Severance.

Mike Post
Mike Post (born Leland Michael Postil; September 29, 1944) is an American composer, best known for his television theme music for various shows, including The White Shadow; Law & Order; Law & Order: Special Victims Unit; Law & Order: Criminal Intent; The A-Team; The Byrds of Paradise; NYPD Blue; Renegade; The Rockford Files; L.A. Law; Quantum Leap; Magnum, P.I.; Hill Street Blues, and Mammoth. He was also the producer of the Van Halen III album by the band Van Halen.
1970 Davis Cup
The 1970 Davis Cup was the 59th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 31 teams entered the Europe Zone, 11 teams entered the Americas Zone, and 11 teams entered the Eastern Zone. Hong Kong made its first appearance in the tournament.

Brazil defeated Canada in the Americas Inter-Zonal final, India defeated Australia in the Eastern Inter-Zonal final, and Spain and West Germany were the winners of the two Europe Zones, defeating Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union respectively.

In the Inter-Zonal Zone, West Germany defeated India and Spain defeated Brazil in the semifinals, and then West Germany defeated Spain in the final. West Germany were then defeated by the defending champions United States in the Challenge Round. The final was played at the Harold Clark Courts in Cleveland, Ohio, United States on 29–31 August.

Australia Davis Cup team
The Australia Davis Cup team is the second most successful team ever to compete in the Davis Cup, winning the coveted title on 28 separate occasions, second behind the United States with 32.

Australia also participated in winning the Davis Cup six times with New Zealand under the alias Australasia (1905–1922).
Constant structure
In jazz, a constant structure is a chord progression consisting of three or more chords of the same type or quality. Popularized by pianists Bill Evans and Herbie Hancock, the combination of functional and nonfunctional chords provides cohesiveness while producing a free and shifting tonal center.

For example, the progression Fmaj7–A♭maj7–D♭maj7–G♭maj7–C13sus4 contains four major seventh chords (and one thirteenth chord), none of which are diatonic to the key of F major except the first.

In contrast, the vi–ii–V–I or circle progression from classical theory contains four chords of two or three different qualities: major, minor, and possibly a dominant seventh chord; all of which, however, are diatonic to the key. Thus diversity is achieved within a stable and fixed tonal center.

Vi–ii–V–I
In music, the vi–ii–V–I progression is a chord progression (also called the circle progression for the circle of fifths, along which it travels). A vi–ii–V–I progression in C major (with inverted chords) is shown below.

It is "undoubtedly the most common and the strongest of all harmonic progressions" and consists of "adjacent roots in ascending fourth or descending fifth relationship", with movement by ascending perfect fourth being equivalent to movement by descending perfect fifth due to inversion. For instance, in C major, the chords are Am–Dm–G–C, which have roots that descend by perfect fifth (or ascend by fourth). In a major progression, the second leap in the sequence is typically reduced to a diminished fourth so as not to become too removed from the starting key (as shown below).
Sansanee Sthirasuta
Sansanee Sthirasuta (Thai: ศันสนีย์ เสถียรสุต, pronounced [sǎn.sa.nīː sa.tʰǐa.ra.sùt]; 1953 – 7 December 2021), better known as Mae Chee Sansanee, was a Thai Theravada Buddhist spiritual teacher and maechi (Thai Buddhist nun). She was known for teaching meditative practices and encouraging the role of women in Buddhism, and was the founder of Sathira-Dhammasthan, a learning centre and spiritual retreat in Bangkok.

Sansanee was born Sansanee Panyasiri (ปัญญศิริ). She left her hometown in Ayutthaya province for Bangkok at the age of 15, becoming a model and television personality. She was briefly romantically involved with millionaire socialite Sthira Sthirasuta, but after finding out he was already married eventually decided to abandon worldly life and become a maechi (nun) at the age of 27. She founded Sathira-Dhammasthan in 1987, with Sthira as a benefactor, and initially focused on providing refuge for victimized women.

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, or locally and simply  Ayutthaya (historically Iudea, Iudiad, Iudia, Juthia or Judia), is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Ang Thong, Lopburi, Saraburi, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Nakhon Pathom and Suphan Buri.
Herbolzheim
Herbolzheim (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁbɔltsˌhaɪm] ⓘ; Alemannic German: Härwelze) is a town in the district of Emmendingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated near the river Elz, 26 km north of Freiburg.

Elz (Rhine)
The Elz (German: [ˈɛlts] ⓘ) is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine. It rises in the Black Forest, near the source of the Breg. The Elz flows through Elzach, Waldkirch and Emmendingen before reaching the Rhine near Lahr. Its length is approx. 121 km (75 mi).

The lower reaches of the Elz are by-passed by the Leopold Canal, a flood relief canal.
Jamie Brown
Jamie Brown is the name of:

Jamie Brown (cricketer) (born 1993), New Zealand cricketer

Jamie Allan Brown (born 1987), Scottish activist and campaigner

Jamie Foster Brown (born 1946), owner and publisher of Sister 2 Sister magazine

Jamie Brown (producer, born 1945), American producer and screenwriter, known from Toby McTeague or Kevin of the North

Jamie Brown (producer, born 1966), American producer and screenwriter, known from Lucid

Jamie Brown (composer) (born 1980), British classical composer

Jamie Brown (rally driver), on the List of European Rally Championship drivers

Lucid (film)
Lucid is a 2005 Canadian film written and directed by Sean Garrity. The film centers on Joel Rothman (Jonas Chernick), a man who is suffering from insomnia after having massive problems in his personal life including a separation and being targeted by his boss. As a psychotherapist he is assigned three patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. He must treat them to figure out his own life.

It won the award for Best Western Canadian Film at the Vancouver International Film Festival in 2005.
Atlético London
Atlético London, formerly London Seaward Football Club (2021–2025) and Leyton Orient Women Football Club (2015–2021), is a women's football team based in Barkingside in East London, England. The team compete in the Eastern Region Premier Division, and play home games at The techsoc.com Stadium in Barkingside.

East London
East London is the part of London, England, east of the ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere.
Beloyarsky District
Beloyarsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia.

Beloyarsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, an administrative and municipal district of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra

Beloyarsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, an administrative district of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Beloyarsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast
Beloyarsky District (Russian: Белоя́рский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Beloyarsky. Population: 39,374 (2010 Census);  39,312 (2002 Census); 69,251 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 32.0% of the district's total population.
Cetadiol
Cetadiol, also known as androst-5-ene-3β,16α-diol, is a drug described as a "steroid tranquilizer" which was briefly investigated as a treatment for alcoholism in the 1950s. It is an androstane steroid and analogue of 5-androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol) and 16α-hydroxy-DHEA (androst-5-ene-3β,16α-diol-17-one), but showed no androgenic or myotrophic activity in animal bioassays. The drug was reported in 1956 and studied until 1958.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Rewriting the Soul
Rewriting the Soul is a 1995 book by the Canadian philosopher Ian Hacking, who offers an account of the formative influences that shape people’s understandings of their lives and their understanding of the lives of those around them. Hacking's work is both a theoretical account of the concepts and modes of agentic engagement through which people encounter the world and make sense of themselves, and a psychological account of how minds relate to memories and the fragility of this relationship, especially in the lives of people exposed to extremes of suffering and cruelty. Through a study of the history and manifestations of multiple personality disorder, Hacking describes how people come to an understanding of their lives through their own memories and autobiographies. Hacking describes the shifting shared meanings that shape our memories and become the threads with which people weave their biographies.

Agency (philosophy)
Agency is the capacity of an actor to act in a given environment. In some contexts, the exercise of agency is linked to questions of moral responsibility, and may pertain to questions of moral agency.

Agency may either be classified as unconscious, involuntary behavior, or purposeful, goal directed activity (intentional action). An agent typically has some sort of immediate awareness of their physical activity and the goals that the activity is aimed at realizing. In 'goal directed action' an agent implements a kind of direct control or guidance over their own behavior.
Chatter Creek Guard Station
The Chatter Creek Guard Station is a Rustic style set of buildings in Wenatchee National Forest, in Leavenworth, Washington.  It was designed by the USDA Forest Service Architecture Group and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps.  The listing includes three contributing buildings:

The Guard Station itself, 47°36′26″N 120°53′04″W﻿ / ﻿47.60717°N 120.88455°W﻿ / 47.60717; -120.88455

The Packer's Cabin, 47°36′27″N 120°53′05″W﻿ / ﻿47.60755°N 120.88462°W﻿ / 47.60755; -120.88462

The Barn, 47°36′28″N 120°53′04″W﻿ / ﻿47.60786°N 120.88433°W﻿ / 47.60786; -120.88433

It is located just off the Icicle Gorge loop trail (which partly runs along Icicle Creek) in the Wenatchee Mountains.

Rustic architecture
Rustic architecture is a style of architecture in the United States used in rural government and private structures and their landscape interior design. It was influenced by the American Craftsman style.

According to the National Park Service, “The style of architecture which has been most widely used in our forested National Parks, and other wilderness parks, is generally referred to as "rustic.” It is, or should be, something more than the worn and misused term implies. It is earnestly hoped that a more apt and expressive designation for the style may evolve, but until it appears, "rustic," in spite of its inaccuracy and inadequacy, must be resorted to...."

Rustic Architecture related to national parks is sometimes referred to as Parkitecture.