hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Individual Number
An Individual Number (個人番号, kojin bangō), also known as My Number (マイナンバー, mai nambā), is a twelve-digit ID number automatically issued to all citizens and foreign residents of Japan. It is used for taxation, social security and disaster response purposes. The numbers were first issued in late 2015.

The Individual Number is the de-facto Japanese equivalent to a U.S Social Security Number (SSN), and is required when applying for a Japanese bank account. Like the SSN, the number is sensitive and should be kept safe. Once issued the bearer's Individual Number remains the same indefinitely, unless required to be changed by decree.

Individuals may write this number down and keep it in a safe location, or apply for the free My Number Card, which contains the number.

Taxation in Japan
Taxation in Japan is based primarily upon a national income tax (所得税（しょとくぜい ）) and a municipal tax (住民税（じゅうみんぜい）) based upon one's area of residence. There are consumption taxes and excise taxes at the national level, an enterprise tax and a vehicle tax at the prefectural level and a property tax at the municipal level.

Taxes are administered by the National Tax Agency.
Paula Krebs
Paula Krebs is the Executive Director of the Modern Language Association of America (MLA), the largest organization of scholars of languages and literature in the United States. She was previously a professor of English at Wheaton College. From 2012 to 2017, she served as the dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Bridgewater State University.

Krebs received her bachelor's of arts degree in English and Women's Studies from La Salle University in 1980. She received her Ph.D. in English from Indiana University in 1992.

Before arriving at Bridgewater State, Krebs was a special assistant to the president at Wheaton College; an American Council on Education Fellow in the president’s office of the University of Massachusetts; and a professor and department chair at Wheaton. She has also been a regular contributor to higher education publications, and she writes a column for the Chronicle of Higher Education’s blog Vitae.

American Council on Education
The American Council on Education (ACE) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) U.S. higher education association established in 1918. ACE's members are the leaders of approximately 1,600 accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities and higher education-related associations, organizations, and corporations. The organization, located in Washington, D.C., conducts public policy advocacy, research, and other initiatives related to key higher education issues and offers leadership development programs to its members and others in the higher education community.
2019–20 Bermudian Premier Division
The 2019–20 Bermudian Premier Division is the 57th season of the Bermudian Premier Division, the highest tier of football in Bermuda. The season began on 21 September 2019 and was scheduled to conclude on 22 March 2020. However, the final round was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 27 May, the final round was cancelled and all remaining matches were awarded as 0-0 draws.

Bermudian Premier Division
The Bermudian Premier Division (officially the Digicel Premier Division for sponsorship reasons) is the highest level of professional football in Bermuda.

Clubs compete for the national title and a spot in the CONCACAF Caribbean Club Shield. The Bermudian clubs who participated in CONCACAF Champions' Cup (the predecessor to the CONCACAF Champions League), qualified in the North American zone. The bottom two clubs at the end of each season are relegated to the First Division.
Whymper Spur
Whymper Spur (80°25′S 21°29′W﻿ / ﻿80.417°S 21.483°W﻿ / -80.417; -21.483) is a rock spur rising to about 1,250 m eastward of Blanchard Hill in Pioneers Escarpment, Shackleton Range. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1971 after English mountaineer and artist Edward Whymper (1840–1911), who made the first ascent of the Matterhorn, Switzerland, July 14, 1865; designer of the prototype of the Whymper tent, 1861–62.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Whymper Spur". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Whymper tent
A Whymper tent is a ridge tent of A-frame construction used for mountaineering which was designed by English mountaineer Edward Whymper (1840–1911) and named after him. Whymper was the first person to ascend the Matterhorn. Tents using his general design were in common use from the later part of the nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century and were referred to generically as "Whymper tents". A later smaller variant of the design was called the Meade tent.
Madarik al-Tanzil
Madārik al-Tanzīl wa Ḥaqāʾiq al-Taʾwīl (Arabic: مدارك التنزيل وحقائق التأويل, lit. 'Gaining Revelation and Insight into Truth of Interpretations') is a classical Qurʾānic commentary by the Hanafi-Maturidi scholar Abū al-Barakāt ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Nasafī (d. 710 AH / 1310 CE). It is concise yet comprehensive, synthesizing linguistic, theological, and juristic insights while maintaining clarity and moderation. Drawing upon earlier authorities such as al-Bayḍāwī and al-Zamakhsharī, al-Nasafī refines their approaches with precision. The tafsīr has been widely referenced in Hanafi scholarly circles and remains influential in the study of Sunni exegesis.

Qadi Baydawi
Qadi Baydawi (also known as Naṣir ad-Din al-Bayḍawi, also spelled  Baidawi, Bayzawi and Beyzavi; d. Shawwal 691 / September-October 1292, Tabriz) was a jurist, theologian, and Quran commentator. He lived during the post-Seljuk and early Mongol era. Many commentaries have been written on his work. He was also the author of several theological treatises.

He lived in the period of the Salghurids. Iranian region was a sheltered place because the Salgurs got along with the Mongols in this period. For this reason, this region became a safe region preferred by scholars. He also benefited from the scholars who came here. Details about his life are available in his book titled al-Gayah al-Kusvâ.

Baydawi's only Persian work, the Kitab Nizam al-Tawarikh, is the first historical book to showcase the ethno-national history of Iran.
Thien Hau Temple
Thien Hau Temple (Vietnamese: Chùa Bà Thiên Hậu) is the Vietnamese name for a Mazu temple, and can refer to:

Thien Hau Temple (Cholon), Ho Chi Minh City

Thien Hau Temple (Los Angeles)

Thien Hau Pagoda, Bình Dương Province

Thien Hau Pagoda
Thiên Hậu Pagoda (Thiên Hậu Cung 天后宮), also known as Chùa Bà Thiên Hậu (天后祠, 天后寺), abbreviated as chùa Bà or miếu Thiên Hậu (天后廟), is currently located at 4 Nguyễn Du Street, Phú Cường ward, Thủ Dầu Một city, Bình Dương Province, Vietnam. This temple was established by the Hoa communities to worship the goddess Mazu.
Ivan Savchenko
Ivan Tikhonovich Savchenko (Russian: Иван Тихонович Савченко; 9 March 1908 – 5 September 1999) was a Soviet Communist Party and KGB executive. Savchenko made a career as a political officer in the Red Army during World War II. A protégé of Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev, Savchenko transferred to the Ministry of State Security (the predecessor to the KGB) in 1951. In 1952 he was promoted to the chief of the Special Services Department (GUSS, a cryptanalysis and information security branch of the Central Committee), in 1953 to the Chief of the KGB's Eighth Chief Directorate. His record at the national Party and KGB levels was lackluster, and 1959 he was transferred from Moscow to Chişinău as the head of the Moldavian SSR KGB. In 1967–1979 Savchenko represented the KGB in Romania and Bulgaria.

Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of State Security (Russian: Министерство государственной безопасности, Russian pronunciation: [mʲɪnʲɪˈsʲtʲerstvə ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ]), abbreviated as MGB (Russian: МГБ), was a ministry of the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1953 which functioned as the country's secret police. The ministry inherited the intelligence and state security responsibilities of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) and People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB). The MGB was led by Vsevolod Merkulov for 50 days from March 15 to May 4 1946, then by Viktor Abakumov from May 4 1946 to July 14 1951, then by Semyon Ignatiev until Stalin's death in March 5 1953, upon which it was merged into an enlarged Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD).
MÁV Class 242
MÁV Class 242  was a 4-4-4T steam locomotive of Hungarian State Railways. A small class of only four examples, they were built between 1936 and 1939. They were highly unusual in that they were streamlined tank locomotives.

Streamliner
A streamliner is a vehicle incorporating streamlining in a shape providing reduced air resistance. The term is applied to high-speed railway trainsets of the 1930s to 1950s, and to their successor "bullet trains". Less commonly, the term is applied to fully faired upright and recumbent bicycles. As part of the Streamline Moderne trend, the term was applied to passenger cars, trucks, and other types of light-, medium-, or heavy-duty vehicles, but now vehicle streamlining is so prevalent that it is not an outstanding characteristic. In land speed racing, it is a term applied to the long, slender, custom-built, high-speed vehicles with enclosed wheels.
Samu Nieminen
Samu Nieminen (born 14 January 1992) is a Finnish former footballer. He played as a central defender.

Nieminen started playing football at the age of seven in Huhtasuon Kisa. He moved to JJK in 2006. Nieminen signed a first team contract with the JJK in 2009 and made his Veikkausliiga debut on 9 May 2010 against MyPa. In 2012 Nieminen made a breakthrough and was 20 times in starting lineup. He continued as a starting lineup player in next season but the season was disappointment when JJK was last in league. In 2014 Nieminen signed a contract with FK Kruoja and won the silver medal. In 2015 Nieminen signed a two-year contract with Ilves.

On 15 August 2016, he returned to JJK on loan for the remainder of the 2016 season.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.
Saleius Bassus
Saleius Bassus was a Roman epic poet. He lived during the reign of Vespasian, being a contemporary of Gaius Valerius Flaccus.

Quintilian credited him with a vigorous and poetical genius and Julius Secundus, one of the speakers in Tacitus' Dialogus de oratoribus styles him a perfect poet and most illustrious bard. Saleius was apparently overtaken by poverty, but was generously treated by Vespasian who gave him a present of 500,000 sesterces. Nothing from his works has been preserved; the Laus Pisonis, which has been attributed to him, is probably by Lucan or Titus Calpurnius Siculus.

Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Tacitus's two major historical works, Annals (Latin: Annales) and the Histories (Latin: Historiae), originally formed a continuous narrative of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus (14 AD) to the end of Domitian's reign (96 AD). The surviving portions of the Annals focus on the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD).

Tacitus's other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola (the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain), mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
Esko Prague
Esko Prague is a commuter rail or S-Bahn system, part of the Prague Integrated Transport (PID), serving the city of Prague and the surrounding areas of the Central Bohemian Region. Train lines that are included in the PID system are labeled by letter S (or R) and a number, e.g. S1 or S88. On these lines, PID tickets can be used. Selected Long-Distance Trains such as R9 - R26 are partially integrated.

It has been in operation under its current name since December 9, 2007. part of the Prague Integrated Transport system serving the city of Prague and the surrounding areas of the Central Bohemian Region. It is primarily operated by the České dráhy.

The system was significantly improved after the completion of the so-called Nové spojení between southern and northern parts of the system in 2008.

České dráhy
České dráhy (lit. 'Czech Railways'), often shortened to ČD, is the major railway operator in the Czech Republic providing regional and long-distance services.

The company was established in January 1993, shortly after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, as a successor of the Czechoslovak State Railways. It is a member of the International Railway Union (UIC Country Code for the Czech Republic is 54), the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies, and the Organization for Cooperation of Railways. With twenty-four thousand employees, ČD Group is the fifth largest Czech company by the number of employees.
Bartłomiej Lipiński
Bartłomiej Lipiński (born 16 November 1996) is a Polish professional volleyball player who plays as an outside hitter for Norwid Częstochowa.

He was called up to the Poland national team for the 2022 Nations League.

KS Norwid Częstochowa
KS Norwid Częstochowa, officially known for sponsorship reasons as Steam Hemarpol Politechnika Częstochowa, is a professional men's volleyball team from Częstochowa, which is also a section of the youth sports club, run at the 9th Cyprian K. Norwid High School in Częstochowa. In 2004–2012 the team performed under the name KS Delic-Pol Norwid Częstochowa. Since 2013, the team has been named Exact Systems Norwid Częstochowa. It is engaged in the training of young volleyball adepts. Players compete in youth, cadet, junior entertainment, as well as the Silesian Third League and the Polish First League (central level). Since the 2023/24 season, the team has been playing in the PlusLiga.
I Was a Communist for the FBI
I Was a Communist for the FBI is a 1951 American crime film noir produced by Bryan Foy, directed by Gordon Douglas and starring Frank Lovejoy.

The film is based on a series of stories written by Matt Cvetic that appeared in The Saturday Evening Post. The stories were later adapted into a bestselling book and a radio show starring Dana Andrews that ran for 78 episodes in 1952 and 1953.

The story follows Cvetic, who infiltrated a local Communist Party cell for nine years and reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation on the group's activities.

Bryan Foy
Bryan Foy (December 8, 1896 – April 20, 1977) was an American film producer and director. He produced more than 200 films between 1924 and 1963. He also directed 41 films between 1923 and 1934. He headed the B picture unit at Warner Bros. where he was known as "the keeper of the B's".
Academy of San Carlos
The Academy of San Carlos (Spanish: Academia de San Carlos), formerly also known as the National School of Fine Arts (Spanish: Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes), is an art academy in Mexico City that historically played an important role in the development of Mexican art and architecture. Founded in 1781 as the School of Engraving, it was the first major art school and the first art museum in the Americas.

The school was moved to the Academia Street location about 10 years after its founding and is located at 22 Academia Street, just northeast of the Zócalo of Mexico City. It emphasized the European classical tradition in training until the early 20th century, when it shifted to a more modern perspective.

The Academy of San Carlos was integrated with the National Autonomous University of Mexico, eventually becoming the Faculty of Arts and Design, which is based in Xochimilco. Currently, only graduate courses of the modern school are given in the original academy building.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Quwo County
Quwo County (Chinese: 曲沃县; pinyin: Qǔwò Xiàn) is a county under the administration of Linfen city, in southern Shanxi Province, China. The county has spans an area of 437 square kilometers, and has a population of 230,000 as of 2013.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Cycladic Massif
The Cycladic Massif is a Miocene high-pressure orogenic segment located in the Aegean Sea underlying the Cyclades.  Initially, the Massif was a single island which began to break apart due to the tectonic activities of the subduction of the African Plate under the Eurasian Plate during the late Miocene Epoch.

African plate
The African plate, also known as the Nubian plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It also includes a narrow strip of Western Asia along the Mediterranean Sea, including much of Palestine and Lebanon.  It is bounded by the North American plate and South American plate to the west (separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge); the Arabian plate and Somali plate to the east; the Eurasian plate, Aegean Sea plate and Anatolian plate to the north; and the Antarctic plate to the south.

Between 60 million years ago and 10 million years ago, the Somali plate began rifting from the African plate along the East African Rift. Since the continent of Africa consists of crust from both the African and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the African plate as the Nubian plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.
Princeton, Alabama
Princeton is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Alabama, United States. Princeton is located on Alabama State Route 65 in the upper Paint Rock Valley. Skyline lies just over 7 miles (11 km) miles to the east atop the Cumberland Plateau, and the Alabama–Tennessee state line passes several miles to the north.  Princeton has a post office with ZIP code 35766.

Cumberland Plateau
The Cumberland Plateau is the southern part of the Appalachian Plateau in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. It includes much of eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, and portions of northern Alabama and northwest Georgia. The terms "Allegheny Plateau" and the "Cumberland Plateau" both refer to the dissected plateau lands lying west of the main Appalachian Mountains. The terms stem from historical usage rather than geological difference, so there is no strict dividing line between the two. Two major rivers share the names of the plateaus, with the Allegheny River rising in the Allegheny Plateau and the Cumberland River rising in the Cumberland Plateau in Harlan County, Kentucky.
Gonna Make It (TV series)
Gonna Make It (Chinese: 小小传奇) is a Mediacorp Channel 8 drama television series that was broadcast from 30 September 2013 to 25 October 2013 and consist of 20 episodes. It stars Julie Tan, Bryan Wong, Xu Bin, Edwin Goh and Ya Hui as the casts of the series.

Channel 8 (Singaporean TV channel)
Channel 8 (Chinese: 8頻道) is a Singaporean Mandarin-language free-to-air terrestrial television channel in Singapore, owned by state media conglomerate Mediacorp. The channel broadcasts general entertainment and news programming in the Mandarin language, including original and imported programming.

The channel began a series of experimental broadcasts on 31 August 1963, and officially launched on 22 November 1963. As with its sister Channel 5, the channel initially aired programming in all four of Singapore's official languages, with Channel 8 initially having a particular focus on the Chinese and Tamil communities. In 1973, this scope was formalised, with Channel 8 primarily broadcasting Chinese and Tamil-language programmes. In compliance with the government's Speak Mandarin Campaign, Chinese programming on the channel later broadcast solely in Mandarin Chinese. In 1995, Tamil programmes moved to Prime 12, with Channel 8 focusing exclusively on Mandarin programming.
Robert Stephenson and Company
Robert Stephenson and Company was a locomotive manufacturing company founded in 1823 in Forth Street, Newcastle upon Tyne in England. It was the first company in the world created specifically to build railway engines.

Famous early locomotives were Locomotion No. 1 and Rocket. By 1899, 3,000 locomotives had been built at the Forth Street site, and a new company was formed, Robert Stephenson and Company Limited, and the Darlington works was opened.

In 1937, the company merged with Hawthorn Leslie to form Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns. In 1944, they became part of English Electric.

4-2-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-2-0 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, two powered driving wheels on one axle and no trailing wheels. This type of locomotive is often called a Jervis type, the name of the original designer.
Lee Young-ji
Lee Young-ji (Korean: 이영지; born September 10, 2002) is a South Korean rapper. She is the winner of High School Rapper 3 and Show Me the Money 11 as well as the host of the web talk show Not Much Prepared. She released her first extended play 16 Fantasy on June 21, 2024.

High School Rapper season 3
High School Rapper 3 (Korean: 고등래퍼3) is the third season of a popular South Korean survival hip-hop TV show, High School Rapper. The new season was announced on December 5, 2018. It aired on Mnet starting from February 22, 2019. The show featured young rappers born between 2000 and 2003.