hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cliff stabilization
Cliff stabilization is a coastal management erosion control technique. This is most suitable for softer or less stable cliffs. Generally speaking, the cliffs are stabilised through dewatering (drainage of excess rainwater to reduce water-logging) or anchoring (the use of terracing, planting, wiring or concrete supports to hold cliffs in place).

Anchor
An anchor is a device, normally made of metal, used to secure a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. The word derives from Latin ancora, which itself comes from the Greek ἄγκυρα (ankȳra).

Anchors can either be temporary or permanent. Permanent anchors are used in the creation of a mooring, and are rarely moved; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain them. Vessels carry one or more temporary anchors, which may be of different designs and weights.

A sea anchor is a drag device, not in contact with the seabed, used to minimize drift of a vessel relative to the water. A drogue is a drag device used to slow or help steer a vessel running before a storm in a following or overtaking sea, or when crossing a bar in a breaking sea.
George Cartwright (soldier)
George Cartwright, VC, ED (9 December 1894 – 2 February 1978) was a British-born Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was one of 64 Australians to receive the award for their actions during the First World War, performing the deeds that led to his award in September 1918 during the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin while serving with Australian Imperial Force on the Western Front. After the war, Cartwright returned to Australia and worked as a mechanic. He continued to serve in the military part-time, returning to full-time service during the Second World War, undertaking a training role in Australia. He was demobilised in 1946, and returned to civilian life. He died at the age of 83.

Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin
The Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin was a battle on the Western Front during World War I. As part of the Allied Hundred Days Offensive on the Western Front in the late summer of 1918, the Australian Corps crossed the Somme River on the night of 31 August and broke the German lines at Mont Saint-Quentin and Péronne. The British Fourth Army's commander, General Henry Rawlinson, described the Australian advances of 31 August – 4 September as the greatest military achievement of the war. During the battle Australian troops stormed, seized and held the key height of Mont Saint-Quentin (overlooking Péronne), a pivotal German defensive position on the line of the Somme.
Hikmat Ramdani
Hikmat Ramdani (born 25 March 2001) is an Indonesian para-badminton player. He won the gold medal in the men's doubles SL3–SL4 at the 2022 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships with partner Ukun Rukaendi.

In the junior event, Ramdani won the gold medals in the boys' singles and mixed doubles at the 2017 and 2021 Asian Youth Para Games.

2022 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships
The 2022 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships (officially known as the Hulic Daihatsu BWF Para Badminton World Championships 2022 for sponsorship reasons) was held from November 1 to 6, 2022. It was previously due to be held from October 25 to 31, 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. On September 9, however, BWF announced that the tournament was postponed.
1986–87 Fulham RLFC season
The 1986–87 Fulham RLFC season was the seventh in the club's history. They competed in the 1986–87 Second Division of the Rugby Football League. They also competed in the 1987 Challenge Cup, 1986–87 Lancashire Cup and the 1986–87 League Cup. They finished the season in 12th place in the second tier of British professional rugby league.

1986–87 Challenge Cup
The 1987 Challenge Cup was the 86th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. Known as the Silk Cut Challenge Cup for due to sponsorship from Silk Cut, the tournament featured clubs from the 1986-87 Rugby Football League season. It culminated in the final contested by Halifax and St. Helens at Wembley. Halifax won the match 19–18.
Stony Brook Gatehouse
The Stony Brook Gatehouse is a former gatehouse in The Fens in Boston, located next to The Fenway east of Forsyth Way. It formerly controlled flow from the Stony Brook into the Muddy River. The structure was designed around 1881 by Henry Hobson Richardson, who also designed several bridges in the park. The building features a slate roof with distinctive wooden beams and walls of smooth stones of varying cuts. The red mortar used between the stone is similar to that of many of Richardson's other works. A near-identical companion building, designed by Richardson's successors Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, was constructed in 1905 when the Stony Brook culvert was enlarged.

In 2010, the building was refurbished for use as the Emerald Necklace Conservancy's Shattuck Visitor Center.

Emerald Necklace
The Emerald Necklace consists of a 1,100-acre (4.5 km2; 450 ha) chain of parks linked by parkways and waterways in Boston and Brookline, Massachusetts. It was designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, and gets its name from the way the planned chain appears to hang from the "neck" of the Boston peninsula.  In 1989, the Emerald Necklace was designated as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission.
Symphony No. 9 (Bruckner)
The Symphony No. 9 in D minor, WAB 109, is the last symphony on which Anton Bruckner worked, leaving the last movement incomplete at the time of his death in 1896; Bruckner dedicated it "to the beloved God" (in German, dem lieben Gott). The symphony was premiered under Ferdinand Löwe in Vienna in 1903.

August Göllerich
August Göllerich (2 July 1859 – 16 March 1923) was an Austrian pianist, conductor, music educator and music writer. He studied the piano with Franz Liszt, who made him also his secretary and companion on concert tours. Göllerich is known for studying the life and work of Anton Bruckner whose secretary  and friend he was. He initiated and conducted concerts of Bruckner's music in Linz, and wrote an influential biography.
Kittilä mine
Kittilä mine, also known as Suurikuusikko mine, is a gold mine in Kittilä, in the Lapland region of Finland. The mine is owned and operated by Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited and is located 36 kilometres (22 mi) north-east of Kittilä. It is the largest gold mine in Europe.

Exploration began in 1986, and production started in 2008. The mine is composed of two open pits, with the proceeds of the operation funding an underground mining operation, accessed by a ramp from surface and utilizing both transverse and longitudinal long-hole stoping methods. The mine utilizes on-site concentrating to produce Doré bars for shipment off-site for refinement, and produced 150,000 ounces (4,300,000 g) of gold in 2009.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Diamond Jenness
Diamond Jenness, CC FRCGS (February 10, 1886, Wellington, New Zealand – November 29, 1969, Chelsea, Quebec, Canada) was one of Canada's greatest early scientists and a pioneer of Canadian anthropology.

Karluk (ship)
Karluk was an American-built brigantine which, after many years' service as a whaler, was acquired by the Canadian government in 1913 to act as flagship to the Canadian Arctic Expedition. While on her way to the expedition's rendezvous at Herschel Island, Karluk became trapped in the Arctic pack ice and, after drifting for several months, was crushed and sank in January 1914. Of the 25 aboard (crew and expedition staff), eleven died, either during the attempts to reach land by marching over the ice, or after arrival at the temporary refuge of Wrangel Island.
1936 Great Britain Lions tour
The 1936 Great Britain Lions tour was a tour by the Great Britain national rugby league team of Australia and New Zealand which took place between May and August 1936. The tour involved a schedule of 24 games, 16 in Australia including a three-test series against Australia for the Ashes and a further 8 in New Zealand including a two-test series against New Zealand.

Captained by Jim Brough the Lions returned home having won 21 and lost 3 of their games. They won the Ashes against Australia 2–1 and made a clean sweep against New Zealand winning both test matches.

Despite being a British team the team played as, and were universally referred to by both the press at home and away, as England.

Alan Edwards (rugby)
Alan Spencer Edwards (c. 1918 – January 1987) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Aberavon RFC, the Royal Air Force, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain and Wales, and at club level for Salford, Leeds (World War II guest), Dewsbury (World War II guest), and Bradford Northern (two spells, including the first as a World War II guest), as a wing.
Crop share rent
Crop share rent (in contrast to economic rent) is a proportion of the crop harvest (yield) to be paid by the tenant farmer to the land owner as compensation for occupying and exploiting the rented land.

This arrangement puts the landlord, like the tenant operator, at risk from variation in yields and prices.  For the farm operator, crop share rent is a mechanism for sharing risks with the landlord.  In relation to commodity programs for supporting prices and farm incomes, cash rent landlords do not have a beneficial interest in the commodity and are not eligible payments.

This is a private version of  Community-supported agriculture but subtly different from sharecropping as practiced in Southern states of America, which was somewhat similar to serfdom or indenture, since the tenant was bound to one particular master and could not offer their services to the most generous landowner

Sharecropping
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping is different from tenant farming, which provides the tenant greater autonomy, and higher economic and social status.

Sharecropping may be a traditional arrangement of land governed by law. The French métayage, the Catalan masoveria, the Castilian mediero, the Polish połownictwo and Russian izdolshchina, the Italian mezzadria, and the Islamic system of muzara‘a (المزارعة), are examples of legal systems that have supported sharecropping.
The Remembered Village
The Remembered Village  is a 1978 ethnological work by M. N. Srinivas. The book is about the villager who lives in the small village, named as Rampura in the state of Karnataka, then called Mysore. It is notable for the absence of fieldnotes as a base for the work, which is considered standard in ethnography following the standards set by Bronislaw Malinowski in Argonauts of the Western Pacific as they were lost due to arson, and elicited fierce debate in the anthropological community due to its unorthodox origin, among other factors. The book is noted for its concern on the aesthetic, flowing prose and the significant role of the ethnographer himself, a marked departure from earlier works such as Evans-Pritchard's studies on the Nuer, which is written with a more objective voice.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Charlie Ring
Eugene Cornelius "Charlie" Ring (13 August 1899 – 29 October 1975) was an Australian politician. Born in Chiltern, his parents were Edward Ring (a butcher) and Louisa Grundmann. He worked for his father before becoming a tram driver at Preston. He married Katherine May Smith in 1927; they had one daughter. From 1942 to 1958 he served on the executive of the Tramways Union; he was also a Labor Party member from around 1936.

In 1955 Ring was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Preston. He served until his retirement in 1970. Ring died at Greensborough in 1975.

Greensborough, Victoria
Greensborough is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 17 km (11 mi) north-east from Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Banyule and Shire of Nillumbik local government areas. Greensborough recorded a population of 21,070 at the 2021 census.
Mac and Chiz
Mac and Chiz (stylized as Mac & Chiz) is a Philippine television sitcom series broadcast by TV5. Directed by Jade Castro and Sam Dabao, starring Derek Ramsay and Empoy Marquez. It aired from January 25 to June 28, 2015, replacing Quiet Please!: Bawal ang Maingay and was replaced by No Harm, No Foul. The show airs every Sunday at 8:00pm later moved to 7:00pm and back at 8:00pm.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Belmonte, Portugal
Belmonte (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌbɛlˈmõtɨ] ⓘ), officially Town of Belmonte (Portuguese: Vila de Belmonte), is a town and municipality in the district of Castelo Branco, Portugal. The municipality's population in 2021 was 6,205, in an area of 118.76 square kilometres (45.85 mi2).

Belmonte is distinguished by its enduring Jewish community, which dates back to at least the 13th century. This community, numbering about 300 in 2008, preserved its faith through crypto-Judaism, maintaining Jewish traditions in secret despite the pressures of the Inquisition and forced conversions. Open practice was re-established with the founding of a synagogue in 1996. The Belmonte Jewish Museum, opened in 2005, chronicles this remarkable history.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Jeff Float
Jeffrey James Float is an American former competitive swimmer, world record holder, world champion and Olympic gold medalist. He qualified for the 1980 USA Olympic Swimming Team in three individual events, but could not participate when the United States boycotted the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympic Games. Four years later, he competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. As the peer-elected team captain, Jeff earned a gold medal in the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay, and finished fourth in the individual 200-meter freestyle event. In 2016 this 4x200-meter freestyle relay was designated the third greatest of all time.

Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The final of the men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 1984 Summer Olympics was held in Los Angeles, California, on July 30, 1984. Fourteen teams participated in the heats, with the fastest eight qualifying for the final.
Mark Strom
Mark Eugene Strom (born June 4, 1982, in Salem, Oregon, United States) is an American professional basketball player. He is a 6-foot-3-inch (191 cm) guard who plays in the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional in Mexico.

Strom was a standout player at Mazama High School in Klamath Falls, Oregon. He played at Umpqua Community College for two years, where he was named second-team all-NWAACC, then transferred to San Jose Christian College, where he was first-team all-USCAA. After college, he played professionally in Mexico for the Bucaneros de Campeche, Santos de San Luis, Ángeles de Puebla and Cosmos De Tijuana of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP).

In 2009 he led Gonyeli OŞAN to the Super Cup Finals in the North Cyprus Premier League. He was averaged 19.3 points and 4 assists per match.

He then returned to Mexico to play a season with the Pioneros de Los Mochis of the CIBACOPA.

Santos del Potosí
The Santos del Potosí (English: San Luis Saints) is a professional basketball team based in San Luis Potosi City, that participates in the most important Mexican basketball league Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP).
Stoyan Yordanov
Stoyan Ivanov Yordanov (Bulgarian: Cтоян Иванов Йорданов; 29 January 1944 – 14 November 2025) was a Bulgarian footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

At international level, Yordanov represented the Bulgaria national team on 25 occasions between 1968 and 1975, and participated at the 1970 FIFA World Cup and the 1968 Olympics, where he won a silver medal. After his retirement, he worked in a coaching capacity with CSKA Sofia and also managed the Bulgaria U21 team.

Yordanov died on 14 November 2025, at the age of 81.

Bulgaria national football team
The Bulgaria national football team (Bulgarian: Български национален отбор по футбол, romanized: Bǎlgarski natsionalen otbor po futbol) represents Bulgaria in men's international football, and is administered by the Bulgarian Football Union, a member association of UEFA.

Bulgaria's best achievements are reaching the final at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the fourth-place finish at the FIFA World Cup in 1994. Bulgaria have competed at a total of seven World Cups, debuting in 1962 and last appearing in 1998. In addition, they have participated in two European Championships, in 1996 and 2004, the latter marking their most recent major tournament appearance. The team has also competed at and won three titles in the Balkan Cup.
2011 Wimbledon Championships – Senior gentlemen's invitation doubles
Pat Cash and Mark Woodforde successfully defended their title, defeating Jeremy Bates and Anders Järryd in the final, 6–3, 5–7, [10–5] to win the senior gentlemen's invitation doubles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships.

Jeremy Bates (tennis)
Michael Jeremy Bates (born 19 June 1962) is a British former professional tennis player. He was ranked UK number 1 in 1987 and from 1989 to 1994. He reached a career-high ATP world ranking of 54 from 17 April 1995 to 23 April 1995.

During his career Bates won two Grand Slam mixed doubles titles, at Wimbledon in 1987 and the Australian Open in 1991, partnering his fellow British player Jo Durie. He also won one top-level singles title and three men's doubles titles on the professional circuit. After retiring as a player, Bates served as the captain of Britain's Davis Cup team from 2004 to 2006.
António Barbio
Antonio Barbio (born 16 December 1993) is a Portuguese cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Tavfer–Ovos Matinados–Mortágua. He competed at the 2016 UEC European Track Championships in the scratch event.

2016 UEC European Track Championships
The 2016 UEC European Track Championships was the seventh edition of the elite UEC European Track Championships in track cycling and took place at the Velodrome de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France, between 19 and 23 October. The event was organised by the European Cycling Union. All European champions were awarded the UEC European Champion jersey which may be worn by the champion throughout the year when competing in the same event at other competitions.

The 10 Olympic events (sprint, team sprint, team pursuit, keirin and omnium for men and women), as well as 12 other events were on the program for these European Championships. For the first time ever, the Madison was on the program for women.
Patriotic Union (Spain)
The Patriotic Union (Spanish: Unión Patriótica, UP) was a political party created by Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera, conceived to support his regime and consolidate the interests of political Catholics, technocrats, and the business-owning classes. The party's power was dependent upon the power of its founder and leader, rather than any popular mandate. Following the dismissal of Miguel Primo de Rivera in January 1930 by King Alfonso XIII, the party dissolved itself, and a small number of de Rivera loyalists regrouped under the banner of a new party called the National Monarchist Union.

Catholic Church and politics
The Catholic Church and politics concerns the interplay of Catholicism with religious, and later secular, politics.

The Catholic Church's views and teachings have evolved over its history and have at times been significant political influences within nations.
Gyroporus purpurinus
Gyroporus purpurinus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Gyroporaceae. Found in eastern North America, it was first described in 1936 by Wally Snell as a form of Boletus castaneus. Snell and Rolf Singer transferred it to Gyroporus a decade later. Neither of these publications were valid according to the rules of botanical nomenclature, which at the time mandated a description in Latin. In 2013, Roy Halling and Naveed Davoodian published the name validly.

The species is edible.

Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German mycologist and taxonomist of gilled mushrooms (agarics).

He wrote the book "The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy". He fled to various countries during the Nazi period, pursuing mycology in the Soviet Union, Argentina, and finally the United States, as mycologist at the Field Museum in Chicago.
Willie Wayne Young
Willie Young (born April 16, 1942) is a 20th-century American artist. Young is mainly self-taught, and his work has been exhibited alongside other prominent outsider artists, such as Bill Traylor, Nellie Mae Rowe and Thornton Dial. The main body of his work consists of delicately rendered graphite drawings.

Karen Wilkin, who has written for the Katonah Museum of Art's recent exhibition catalog, described Young's works as “eerie, not quite identifiable orchestrations of silvery tones.”

Thornton Dial
Thornton Dial (28 September 1928 – 25 January 2016) was a pioneering American artist who came to prominence in the late 1980s. Dial's body of work exhibits formal variety through expressive, densely composed assemblages of found materials, often executed on a monumental scale. His range of subjects embraces a broad sweep of history, from human rights to natural disasters and current events. Dial's works are widely held in American museums; ten of Dial's works were acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2014.