hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3D sound reconstruction
3D sound reconstruction is the application of reconstruction techniques to 3D sound localization technology. These methods of reconstructing three-dimensional sound are used to recreate sounds to match natural environments and provide spatial cues of the sound source. They also see applications in creating 3D visualizations on a sound field to include physical aspects of sound waves including direction, pressure, and intensity. This technology is used in entertainment to reproduce a live performance through computer speakers. The technology is also used in military applications to determine location of sound sources. Reconstructing sound fields is also applicable to medical imaging to measure points in ultrasound.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Jen Wong
Jen Wong (born c. 1975) is an American business executive and current COO of Reddit, overseeing its business strategy. She also serves on the Board of Directors for Capital One. Wong was previously president of digital and chief operating officer at Time Inc. and worked at McKinsey.

She became the COO of Reddit in 2018. Under Wong's tenure, Reddit's ad revenue was expected to double in 2021 to $350 million. Wong has spoken publicly about Reddit's platform safety.

Wong was No. 4 on Fast Company's 2021 Queer 50 list and No. 1 on their 2022 list.  She graduated from Yale University (BS), Stanford University (MS), and Harvard University (MBA).

Fast Company
Fast Company is an American business magazine published monthly in print and online, focusing on technology, business, and design. Founded in 1995, it releases six print issues annually, in addition to various ranking lists, podcasts, newsletters, and paid communities of business executives. As of 2025, Fast Company attracts millions of monthly readers. It is owned by Mansueto Ventures.
Dutch Student Union
The Dutch Student Union (Dutch: Landelijke Studentenvakbond, LSVb; lit. "National Student Union"), founded in 1983, is one of the two national students' unions of the Netherlands. LSVb represents the interests of university and hogeschool (vocational university) students in eight Dutch municipalities, often collaborating with the Dutch National Students Association (ISO).

LSVb is a full member of the European Students' Union.

European Students' Union
The European Students' Union (ESU) is the umbrella organisation of 43 national unions of students from 40 countries, representing almost 20 million students. A consultative member of the Bologna Process, ESU is also a full member of the European Youth Forum (YFJ).
VfB Gießen
VfB Gießen was a German football club based in Giessen, Hesse, that last played in the Gruppenliga Gießen-Marburg (VII).

The club's greatest success was qualifying for the first round of the German Cup in 1979–80 and winning the tier three Amateurliga Hessen in 1962–63.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
Lucky Lindy!
"Lucky Lindy!" is a fox-trot song composed by Abel Baer, with lyrics by L. Wolfe Gilbert. It was published by Harmony in 1927.
The song was the first to celebrate Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis and his landing in Paris. Hundreds more followed.

The sheet music can be found at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library.

Foxtrot
The foxtrot is a smooth, progressive dance characterized by long, continuous flowing movements across the dance floor. It is danced to big band (usually vocal) music. The dance is similar in its look to waltz, although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34. Developed in the 1910s, the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today.
Learnable function class
In statistical learning theory, a learnable function class is a set of functions for which an algorithm can be devised to asymptotically minimize the expected risk, uniformly over all probability distributions. The concept of learnable classes are closely related to regularization in machine learning, and provides large sample justifications for certain learning algorithms.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Haccho Dam
Haccho Dam is a rockfill dam located in Saga Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for agriculture. The catchment area of the dam is 1.3 km2. The dam impounds about 6  ha of land when full and can store 347 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1973 and completed in 1982.

Saga Prefecture
Saga Prefecture (佐賀県, Saga-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.ɡa, -ŋa, sa.ɡaꜜ.keɴ, -ŋaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu. Saga Prefecture has a population of roughly 780,000 and has a geographic area of 2,439 square kilometres (942 sq mi). Saga Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the northeast and Nagasaki Prefecture to the southwest.

Saga is the capital and largest city of Saga Prefecture, with other major cities including Karatsu, Tosu, and Imari. Saga Prefecture is located in the northwest of Kyūshū covering an isthmus-like area extending between the Sea of Japan and the Ariake Sea. Saga Prefecture's western region is known for the production of ceramics and porcelain, particularly in the towns of Karatsu, Imari, and Arita.
Rathouisia leonina
Rathouisia leonina is a species of carnivorous air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Rathouisiidae. This species is endemic to China.

This slug is carnivorous and actively preys on snails. It is usually grayish brown to dark gray in color with scattered black spots on the upper surface of the body. The bottom surface of the foot is a light reddish brown. These slugs inhabit environments with high humidity and shade, such as foothills and city gardens, although they are rarely seen.

Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.

A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.

This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.
Ivica Mlivončić
Ivica Mlivončić (1931 – 1 April 2013) was a Croatian author and columnist in Slobodna Dalmacija from Split. Born in Vareš, he graduated at the Faculty of Theology in Ljubljana, then at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Belgrade and the Faculty of Philosophy in Zadar. Mlivončić published several books dealing with religion, the Croatian War of Independence and the Croat–Bosniak War, most notably "The Crime with the Seal" in 1998 about war crimes against Croats, which was included in the Court records of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). He was a defense witness at the ICTY in the case against Tihomir Blaškić in 1998. He died on 1 April 2013.

Vareš
Vareš is a town and municipality located in Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is famous for the local mining activities and production of iron. As of 2013, it has a population of 8,892 inhabitants, with 2,917 in the town itself.
New Britain Perfectos
The New Britain Perfectos were a minor league baseball team based in New Britain, Connecticut. From 1908 to 1912, the Perfectos played as members of the Class B level Connecticut State League. New Britain hosted home minor league home games at Electric Park.

The New Britain "Perfectos" nickname reflected the integration of numerous Cuban players to the team roster.

New Britain, Connecticut
New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located approximately 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Hartford. The city is part of the Capitol Planning Region. According to the 2020 Census, the population of the city is 74,135.

Among the southernmost of the communities encompassed within the Hartford-Springfield Knowledge Corridor metropolitan region, New Britain is home to Central Connecticut State University and Charter Oak State College. The city was noted for its industry during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and notable sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places include Walnut Hill Park, developed by the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and Downtown New Britain.

The city's official nickname is the "Hardware City" because of its history as a manufacturing center and as the headquarters of Stanley Black & Decker. Because of its large Polish population, the city is often playfully referred to as "New Britski".
Beehole Branch
Beehole Branch is a stream in southwestern Butler County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Tenmile Creek.

Beehole Branch was so named on account of the honeybees which frequented a watering hole along the creek's course.

Butler County, Missouri
Butler County is a county located in the southeast Ozark Foothills Region in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 Census, the county's population was 42,130. The largest city and county seat is Poplar Bluff. The county was officially organized from Wayne County on February 27, 1849, and is named after former U.S. Representative William O. Butler (D-Kentucky), who was also an unsuccessful candidate for Vice President of the United States. The first meeting in the Butler County Courthouse was held on June 18, 1849.

Butler County comprises the Poplar Bluff, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
2013 Aegon GB Pro-Series Barnstaple
The 2013 Aegon GB Pro-Series Barnstaple was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $75,000 in prize money. It took place in Barnstaple, United Kingdom, on 28 October–3 November 2013.

Naomi Broady
Naomi Broady (/ˈbroʊdi/ BROH-dee; born 28 February 1990) is a British former tennis player.

She won one WTA Tour doubles title, as well as nine singles titles and 20 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 7 March 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 76. On 22 May 2017, she peaked at No. 56 in the doubles rankings.
A-train (satellite constellation)
The A-train (from Afternoon Train) is a satellite constellation of three Earth observation satellites of varied nationality in Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude that is slightly variable for each satellite.

The orbit, at an inclination of 98.14°, crosses the equator each day at around 1:30 pm solar time, giving the constellation its name (the "A" stands for "afternoon") and crosses the equator again on the night side of the Earth, at around 1:30 am.

They are spaced a few minutes apart from each other so their collective observations may be used to build high-definition three-dimensional images of Earth's atmosphere and surface.

Minute
A minute is a unit of time defined as equal to 60 seconds.
It is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but is accepted for use with SI. The SI symbol for minutes is min (without a dot). The prime symbol ′ is also sometimes used informally to denote minutes.

In the UTC time standard, a minute on rare occasions has 61 seconds, a consequence of leap seconds; there is also a provision to insert a negative leap second, which would result in a 59-second minute, but this has never happened in more than 40 years under this system.
Geoffrey Madell
Geoffrey Madell (4 February 1934 – 8 March 2018) was a Scottish philosopher who specialized in philosophy of mind and the question of personal identity.

Madell was Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. He authored articles for Mind and the Philosophy journal. He defended Cartesian dualism in his book Mind and Materialism, published in 1988. He commented that "interactionist dualism looks to be by far the only plausible framework in which the facts of our experience can be fitted".

Mind (journal)
Mind (stylized as MIND) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Mind Association. Having previously published exclusively philosophy in the analytic tradition, it now "aims to take quality to be the sole criterion of publication, with no area of philosophy, no style of philosophy, and no school of philosophy excluded." Its institutional home is shared between the University of Oxford and University College London. It is considered an important resource for studying philosophy.
R-Ladies
R-Ladies is an organization that promotes gender diversity in the community of users of the R statistical programming language. It is made up of local chapters affiliated with the worldwide coordinating organization R-Ladies Global.

Meetup
Meetup is an American social media platform and social networking service for hosting and organizing in-person and virtual activities, gatherings, and events for people and communities of similar interests, hobbies, and professions. The service has 60 million users. The company has both free tiers and paid tiers.

Headquartered in New York City, the company was founded in 2002 by Scott Heiferman and four others. It was acquired by WeWork in November 2017, AlleyCorp in March 2020, and Bending Spoons in January 2024.
Sisters of Charity of St. Louis
The Sisters of Charity of St. Louis (SCSL) (Soeurs de la Charité de Saint-Louis) is a Roman Catholic religious congregation. It was founded for the education of poor girls, at Vannes in Brittany, in 1803, by Madame Molé, née de Lamoignon, at the suggestion of Antoine-Xavier Maynaud de Pancemont, Bishop of Vannes.

Diocese of Vannes
The Diocese of Vannes (Latin: Dioecesis Venetensis; French: Diocèse de Vannes) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It was established in the 5th century. The seat of the bishop is Vannes Cathedral, in the city of Vannes, on the southern shore of the peninsula of Brittany (Bretagne). The diocese corresponds to the French civil department of Morbihan, and has been a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Rennes, Dol, and Saint-Malo since 3 January 1859.

Raymond Michel René Centène is the current bishop since his appointment in 2005.

In 2022, in the Diocese of Vannes there was one priest for every 1,884 Catholics.
Happy Go Lucky (Veronica Mars)
"Happy Go Lucky" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the second season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars, and the forty-third episode overall. Written by Diane Ruggiero and directed by Steve Gomer, the episode premiered on UPN on May 2, 2006.

The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Aaron Echolls (Harry Hamlin) is put on trial for the murder of Lilly Kane (Amanda Seyfried), and Veronica and Keith (Enrico Colantoni) have to testify. Meanwhile, the pair learn that Woody (Steve Guttenberg) is a child molester.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Henry Woodward (colonist)
Henry Woodward (c. 1646 – c. 1686), was a Barbados-born merchant and colonist who was one of the first white settlers in the Carolinas. He established relationships with many Native American Tribes in the American southeast. He initiated trade, primarily in deerskins and slaves, with many Indian towns and tribes.

Port Royal Sound
Port Royal Sound is a coastal sound, or inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, located in the Sea Islands region, in Beaufort County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is the estuary of several rivers, the largest of which is the Broad River.
Patrick St. Lawrence House
Patrick St. Lawrence House, also known as the Yellow House, is a historic home located at Pittsboro, Chatham County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1790, and is a two-story, center hall Georgian style architecture frame dwelling with a low gable roof. It was originally built as an inn and overlooked the courthouse square.  It is Pittsboro's oldest building.  It has been moved three times and is now located on S. Small St.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.  It is located in the Pittsboro Historic District.

Chatham County, North Carolina
Chatham County (locally /ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) is a county located in the Piedmont area of the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is also the location of the geographic center of North Carolina, northwest of Sanford. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,285. Its county seat is Pittsboro.

Chatham County is part of the Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Hakskeenpan
Hakskeenpan or Hakskeen Pan is a mud and salt pan in the Kalahari Desert, in Southern Africa. It is located in the Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality region in the Northern Cape, South Africa, at 801 metres (2,628 ft) above sea level. The pan covers an area of approximately 140 square kilometres (54 sq mi)

Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality
Dawid Kruiper Municipality (Afrikaans: Dawid Kruiper Munisipaliteit) is a local municipality within the ZF Mgcawu District Municipality, in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It was established after the August 2016 local elections by merging the Mier and //Khara Hais local municipalities. The municipality is named after the San politician Dawid Kruiper.
Revenue stamps of Eritrea
Eritrea first issued revenue stamps under the Italian Eritrea administration. It continued to issue revenues under British and Ethiopian occupation, as well as when it became an independent state. The capital Asmara also issued some revenues.

Revenue stamp
A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.  Typically, businesses purchase the stamps from the government (thereby paying the tax), and attach them to taxed items as part of putting the items on sale, or in the case of documents, as part of filling out the form.

Revenue stamps often look very similar to postage stamps, and in some countries and time periods it has been possible to use postage stamps for revenue purposes, and vice versa. Some countries also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.
Ç̌
C with cedilla and caron (Ç̌ ç̌) is an additional letter used in transliteration of the Laz, Georgian, Avar and Udi languages in certain KNAB romanisations. It is composed of a C with a caron and a cedilla.

Udi language
Udi (also called Uti or Udin) is a language spoken by the Udi people and a member of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family. It is believed an earlier form of it was the main language of Caucasian Albania, which stretched from south Dagestan to current day Azerbaijan. The Old Udi language is also called the Caucasian Albanian language and possibly corresponds to the "Gargarian" language identified by medieval Armenian historians. Modern Udi is known simply as Udi.
Jagdish Thakor
Jagdish Thakor (born 1 July 1957) is an Indian National Congress politician from Gujarat, India. He was the member of 15th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Patan constituency of Gujarat. Thakor belongs to the Koli community of Gujarat.

Thakor
The Thakor Koli, or Thakarda Koli, is a sub-caste of the Koli caste of Gujarat, India. Koli people form the largest caste-cluster in Gujarat, comprising 24 per cent of the total population of the state. Koli Thakors in Gujarat are classified as Other Backward Class (OBC). During his tenure, the former chief minister, Koli community member Madhav Singh Solanki, included all Koli communities of Gujarat in the OBC category. Koli Thakors are mostly cultivators or small land-owners.
Electoral district of Newtown-St Peters
Newtown-St Peters was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1894 with the division of the multi-member district of Newtown and named after the inner Sydney suburb of St Peters. Along with Newtown-Erskine, it was partly replaced by a recreated Newtown in 1904.

St Peters, New South Wales
St Peters is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 7 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Inner West Council, with a small section in the southeast in the City of Sydney.