hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guillaume Boutheroue
Guillaume Boutheroue was a French engineer who completed the Briare Canal, originated by Hugues Cosnier.

In 1623, he was the poor rate and tax collector at Beaugency.

In 1638, along with his brother-in-law Jacques Guyon, he obtained letters patent from Louis XIII allowing them to complete the Canal de Briare. The canal was completed in 1642.

Poor rate
In England and Wales the poor rate was a tax on property levied in each parish, which was used to provide poor relief. It was collected under both the Old Poor Law and the New Poor Law. It was absorbed into "general rate" local taxation in the 1920s, and has continuity with the currently existing Council Tax.
William Houison Craufurd
William Houison Craufurd, sometimes spelled William Howieson Craufurd (29 November 1781 – 17 September 1871) was a landed country gentleman. He was a Deputy-Lieutenant of the County of Ayr, Justice of the Peace, and Commissioner of Supply. After several years as an elder in the Church of Scotland, he left at the Disruption and joined the Free Church of Scotland. He was photographed by Hill & Adamson, pioneering photographers, who recorded many Free Church ministers and leaders.

Disruption of 1843
The Disruption of 1843, also known as the Great Disruption, was a schism in 1843 in which 450 evangelical ministers broke away from the Church of Scotland to form the Free Church of Scotland.
The main conflict was over whether the Church of Scotland or the British Government had the power to control clerical positions and benefits.  The Disruption came at the end of a bitter conflict within the Church of Scotland, and had major effects in the church and upon Scottish civic life.
Tim Parks
Timothy Harold Parks (born 19 December 1954) is a British novelist who has lived in Italy since 1981. He is also an author of nonfiction, a translator from Italian to English, and a professor of literature.

Fleur Jaeggy
Fleur Jaeggy (born 31 July 1940) is a Swiss author who writes in Italian. The Times Literary Supplement named her novel Proleterka a Best Book of the Year upon its publication in the United States, and her Sweet Days of Discipline won the Premio Bagutta and the Premio Speciale Rapallo. She was awarded the 2024 Gottfried Keller Prize and the 2025 Swiss Grand Prix de la Littérature. As of 2021, six of her books have been translated into English. Her work has been translated into more than twenty languages.
Jeremiah Smith (clergyman)
Jeremiah Smith (died 1723), divine, was minister of a congregation at Andover, Hampshire, and in 1708 became co-pastor with Samuel Rosewell of the Silver Street Presbyterian Chapel, London. He took a prominent part in the Salters' Hall debates in 1719 concerning the Trinity, and was one of four London ministers who wrote The Doctrine of the Ever Blessed Trinity stated and defended. He was author of the portion relating to the Epistle to Titus and the Epistle to Philemon in the continuation of Matthew Henry's ‘Exposition,’ and published, with other discourses, funeral sermons on Sir Thomas Abney (1722) and Samuel Rosewell (1723). He died on 20 Augustus 1723, aged nearly seventy.

Matthew Clarke preached and published a funeral sermon.

Andover, Hampshire
Andover (/ˈændoʊvər/ AN-doh-vər) is a town in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. The town is on the River Anton, a major tributary of the Test, and lies alongside the major A303 trunk road at the eastern end of Salisbury Plain, 18 miles (29 km) west of the town of Basingstoke. It is 14 miles (23 km) from Winchester, 35 miles (56 km) north of Southampton and 65 miles (105 km) from London.

The town developed as a centre for grain milling and wool processing, and in the 20th century it took on a significant Armed Forces presence.
Eduardo Fierro
Juan Eduardo Fierro Rivera (born June 23, 1988, in Santa Cruz de la Sierra) is a Bolivian football who plays for Bolivian Primera División club Nacional Potosí and the Bolivia national team. He most often plays the role of a striker.

Eduardo is the son of former football defender Aldo Fierro, who played professionally for several teams in the Bolivian first division during the 1970s and 80's, as well as the Bolivia national team.

C.A. Nacional Potosí
Club Atlético Nacional Potosí is a Bolivian football team from Potosí. The football team currently plays in the Bolivian Primera División. Founded on 8 April 1942, it plays its home games at Estadio Víctor Agustín Ugarte. Despite never winning the top flight, they have been a constant qualifier for the Copa Sudamericana.

Nacional has a basketball team as well.
2024–25 Liga 4 West Sulawesi
The 2024–25 Liga 4 West Sulawesi will be the inaugural season of Liga 4 West Sulawesi after the structural changes of Indonesian football competition and serves as a qualifying round for the national phase of the 2024–25 Liga 4. The competition will be organised by the West Sulawesi Provincial PSSI Association.

Football Association of Indonesia
The Football Association of Indonesia (Indonesian: Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia, lit. 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930. The PSSI joined FIFA in 1952 and the Asian Football Confederation in 1954.
Fake news in India
Fake news and similar false information (misinformation or disinformation) is fostered and spread across India through word of mouth, traditional media and more recently through digital forms of communication such as edited videos, websites, blogs, memes, unverified advertisements and social media propagated rumours. Fake news spread through social media in the country has become a serious problem, with the potential of it resulting in mob violence, as was the case where at least 20 people were killed in 2018 as a result of misinformation circulated on social media.

Word of mouth
Word of mouth is the passing of information from person to person using oral communication, which could be as simple as telling someone the time of day. Storytelling is a common form of word-of-mouth communication where one person tells others a story about a real event or something made up. Oral tradition is cultural material and traditions transmitted by word of mouth through successive generations. Storytelling and oral tradition are forms of word of mouth that play important roles in folklore and mythology. Another example of oral communication is oral history—the recording, preservation and interpretation of historical information, based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker. Oral history preservation is the field that deals with the care and upkeep of oral history materials collected by word of mouth, whatever format they may be in.
Monash Medical Centre
Monash Medical Centre (MMC) is a teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia. It provides specialist tertiary-level healthcare to Melbourne's south-east.

Monash Medical Centre is part of Monash Health, the largest public health service in Victoria.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Padmini Priyadarshini
Padmini Priyadarshini (later Padmini Ramachandran) was an Indian actor, dancer and choreographer. She acted in supporting roles during the 1950s and 1960s in Tamil, Kannada and Hindi films. She established a dancing school in Bangalore named Natya Priya and trained students in dancing. 
In 2013, she received Shantala Natya Sri Award from Karnataka Government.

Sahodhari
Sahodari (transl. Sister) is a 1959 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by A. Bhimsingh, starring K. Balaji, Rajasulochana, Prem Nazir, Devika and J. P. Chandrababu. It was released on 11 December 1959.
Hemmen-Dodewaard railway station
Hemmen-Dodewaard is a railway station in the municipality Neder-Betuwe, Netherlands, located between the villages Hemmen and Dodewaard. The station opened on 1 November 1882 and is on the Elst–Dordrecht railway. Train services are operated by Arriva.

Elst–Dordrecht railway
The Elst–Dordrecht railway is a railway line in the Netherlands running from Elst to Dordrecht, passing through Tiel, Geldermalsen and Gorinchem. It is also called the Betuwelijn (Batavia line). MerwedeLingelijn is the name of the western part between Dordrecht and Geldermalsen, which is operated by Qbuzz. Tiel - Elst as part of the service Tiel - Arnhem is operated by Arriva and Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) operates Geldermalsen - Tiel as part of the service Utrecht - Tiel. The railway connects to the Arnhem–Nijmegen railway in Elst. There were two connections to the Arnhem–Nijmegen railway in the past from the junction near Vork station; one to Elst and towards Nijmegen connecting near Ressen. The Nijmegen junction was used until 1990 and torn down during construction of the Betuweroute in order of creating a junction between the Betuweroute from Rotterdam and the Arnhem–Nijmegen railway towards both Arnhem and Nijmegen.
Sholim
Milos Rajković (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Рајковић; born 1985 in Belgrade) is a Serbian animator known by the pseudonym Sholim.

Sholim is known for his surreal looped GIFs and animations, most of his videos are made with Photoshop and After Effects.

Adobe After Effects
Adobe After Effects is a digital  effects, motion graphics, and compositing application developed by Adobe Inc.; it is used for animation and in the post-production process of film making, video games and television production. Among other things, After Effects can be used for keying, tracking, compositing, and animation. It also functions as a very basic non-linear editor, audio editor, and media transcoder. In 2019, the program won an Academy Award for scientific and technical achievement.
Al-Qoubaiyat
Al Qoubaiyat, Koubeiyat, Kobayat or Qoubayat (Arabic: ٱلْقُبَيَّات) is the biggest Christian village in the Akkar Governorate, Lebanon. Its population is mostly composed of Maronites numbering around 12,000 persons according to the civil state registers. During summer time the area is highly populated but in winter time, many leave the mountains. The village's mountainous terrain and snowy winters harbour many leisure activities including hiking, camping, mountain biking, offroading and sightseeing. During the winter, many locals and tourists head towards its high snowy peaks for skiing.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.
Pressure Bolt
Pressure Bolt (German: Druckbolzen) is a 2003 German short live-action animated film created by Benni Diez and Marinko Spahić. Shot in black and white, the film has been described as a dystopian vision of the future, in which what remains of the human race is worked to death in a set of repetitive and meaningless tasks. The short film garnered praise and awards, mainly for its technical innovation. The short has been compared to the work of Marc Caro, Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Alex Proyas, Terry Gilliam, and David Lynch.

Visual effects
Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated as VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using CGI have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and compositing software.
NOAA-B
NOAA B was an American operational weather satellite for use in the National Operational Environmental Satellite System (NOESS) and for the support of the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) during 1978-1984. The satellite design provided an economical and stable Sun-synchronous platform for advanced operational instruments to measure the atmosphere of Earth, its surface and cloud cover, and the near-space environment.

Global Atmospheric Research Program
The Global Atmospheric Research Program was a fifteen-year international research programme led by the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council of Scientific Unions. It began in 1967 and organised several important field experiments including GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment in 1974 and the Alpine Experiment (ALPEX) in 1982. Its field experiments helped make significant progress in meteorology in particular allowing major improvements in Numerical Weather Prediction.
2017 U.S. Open Grand Prix Gold
The 2017 U.S. Open Grand Prix Gold was the eleventh Grand tournament of the 2017 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix, and the 55th edition of the U.S. Open badminton tournament. The tournament was held at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California, United States from 19 to 23 July 2017 and had a total purse of $120,000.

Sam Magee
Samuel Magee (born 9 January 1990) is a retired Irish badminton player. He won the 2009 European Junior Championships in the boys' doubles event at Milan, Italy with his partner Sylvain Grosjean of France. Sam Magee was a bronze medalists at the European Games in the mixed doubles event with his sister Chloe Magee in 2015 Baku and 2019 Minsk, also in the men's doubles with his brother Joshua Magee in 2015.
Architecture of Poland
The architecture of Poland includes modern and historical monuments of architectural and historical importance.

Several important works of Western architecture, such as the Wawel Hill, the Książ and Malbork castles, cityscapes of Toruń, Zamość, and Kraków are located in the country. Some of them are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Now Poland is developing modernist approaches in design with architects like Daniel Libeskind, Karol Żurawski, and Krzysztof Ingarden.

Szczecin Philharmonic
Szczecin Philharmonic, officially Mieczysław Karłowicz Philharmonic (Polish: Filharmonia im. Mieczysława Karłowicza), founded in 1948, is a philharmonic of the city of Szczecin, Poland. In 2015, the new building of the philharmonic was awarded the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture.
Kombolokoura
Kombolokoura is a town in northern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Korhogo Department in Poro Region, Savanes District.

Kombolokoura was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Kombolokoura was 5,739.

Savanes District
Savanes District (French: District des Savanes, [sa.van], "Savannahs") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the northernmost part of the country. The capital of the district is Korhogo.
Keeping
Keeping is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Keeping (1924–1988), British illustrator, children's book author and lithographer

Damien Keeping (born 1982), Australian rules football coach

Frederick Keeping (1867–1950), British racing cyclist

Jack Keeping (born 1996), English cricketer

Janet Keeping, Canadian professor and politician

Jeff Keeping (born 1982), Canadian Football League defensive tackle

Max Keeping (1942–2015), Canadian television news anchor

Michael Keeping (1902–1984), English footballer and manager (son of Frederick Keeping)

Tom Keeping (1942–2020), Canadian politician

Walter Keeping (1854–1888), British geologist and museum curator

Jack Keeping
Jack Benjamin Robert Keeping (born 19 September 1996) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Keeping was born at Northampton and was educated at Stowe School, before going up to Anglia Ruskin University. While studying at Anglia Ruskin, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge MCCU against Essex in 2018 and Nottinghamshire in 2019. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Keeping also plays minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire, having made to date ten appearances in the Minor Counties Championship, four appearances in the MCCA Knockout Trophy and ten appearances in the Minor Counties T20.
HMS Hilary (1914)
HMS Hilary was a Booth Line passenger steamship that was built in Scotland in 1908 and operated scheduled services between Liverpool and Brazil until 1914. In the First World War she was an armed merchant cruiser (AMC) until a U-boat sank her in the Atlantic Ocean in 1917.

This was the second Booth ship to be called Hilary. The first was a cargo ship that was built in 1889 as Red Sea, bought by Booth and renamed Hilary in 1892, sold in 1911 to Japanese buyers and renamed Misumi Maru. The third was a passenger and cargo liner that was built in 1931, served as an ocean boarding vessel, landing ship, infantry and headquarters ship in the Second World War, returned to civilian service in 1946 and was scrapped in 1959.

Landing ship, infantry
A infantry landing ship (naval designation LSI for landing ship, infantry) was one of a number of types of British Commonwealth vessels used to transport landing craft and troops engaged in amphibious warfare during the Second World War. LSIs were operated by the Royal Navy, British Merchant Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Indian Navy, and Royal Australian Navy. They transported British Commonwealth and other Allied troops in sea assaults and invasions throughout the war.

Typically, an LSI would transport its cargo of infantry from its embarkation port to close to the coast to be invaded. This location (the "lowering position" in Royal Navy terminology) was approximately 6–11 miles off shore.  The troops would then transfer to landing craft, most commonly LCAs, for the journey to the beach. The landing craft would return to the LSI after disembarking their cargo and be hoisted up to embark additional troops.
Edith de Oliveira
Edith Grobade de Oliveira (16 November 1928 – 29 December 1964) was an Olympic backstroke swimmer from Brazil, who competed at two Summer Olympics for her native country. At 19 years old, she was at the 1948 Summer Olympics, in London, where she swam the 100-metre backstroke, not reaching the finals. At 23 years old, she was at the 1952 Summer Olympics, in Helsinki, where she swam the 100-metre backstroke, not reaching the finals.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Zadoc Dederick
Zadoc Pratt Dederick, named after inventor Zadock Pratt, was an American machinist, inventor, and patent attorney. In 1868, at the age of 22, Dederick, along with a machinist Isaac Grass, who was possibly 15–16 years old, created a steam-powered humanlike robot designed to pull a cart after six years of work. Nicknamed Daniel after Daniel Lambert by workmen hired by Dederick, the invention was patented on March 24, 1868, as patent 75874, and operated through a system of levers and cranks, attached to steam-powered pistons and a boiler. The original prototype cost $2,000 ($47,245 in 2024) and was built in Newark, New Jersey. Plans to produce it for $300 ($7,087 in 2024) never went through, making this an example of an early development in steam power that was abandoned. Nonetheless, inventions such as this one spurred interest in steam power, as exemplified by novels such as The Steam Man of the Prairies, and by many imitations and hoaxes that appeared as a result.

Patent attorney
A patent attorney is an attorney who has the specialized qualifications necessary for representing clients in obtaining patents and acting in all matters and procedures relating to patent law and practice, such as filing patent applications and oppositions to granted patents.
1978 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship
The 1978 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship was the 10th annual NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship to determine the national champion of NCAA men's college water polo. Tournament matches were played at the Belmont Plaza Pool in Long Beach, California during December 1978.

Stanford defeated California in the final, 7–6 (in three overtimes), to win their second national title.

For the second consecutive year, the leading scorer for the tournament was Scott Schulte from Bucknell (13 goals). There was no Most Outstanding Player for this tournament, but an All-Tournament Team, consisting of seven players, was named.

Stanford Cardinal
The Stanford Cardinal are the athletic teams that represent Stanford University. Stanford's program has won 137 NCAA team championships, the most of any university. Stanford has won at least one NCAA team championship each academic year for 49 consecutive years, starting in 1976–77 and continuing through 2024–25. Through July 2025, Stanford athletes have won 565 individual NCAA titles.

Stanford has won 26 of the 31 NACDA Directors' Cups, awarded annually to the most successful overall college sports program in the nation, including 25 consecutive Cups from 1994–95 through 2018–19. 177 Stanford-affiliated athletes have won a total of 335 Summer Olympic medals (162 gold, 93 silver, 80 bronze), including 39 medals at the 2024 Paris games.

Stanford's teams compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) for college football) level as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).