hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japonica Polonica Fantastica
Japonica Polonica Fantastica, also known as JPF, is the oldest Polish manga publisher, founded in 1996 in Olecko. The first titles (Aż do nieba, Czarodziejka z Księżyca [volumes 1–8]) were translated by JPF's founder, Shin Yasuda. At the end of 1998, Rafał "Kabura" Rzepka took over the role of translator. In 2006 the publishing house moved to Mierzyn near Szczecin, Poland. Currently, translators: Paweł Dybała, Michał Żmijewski, Urszula Knap and Monika Nowicka are responsible for translating manga.

Mierzyn, Police County
Mierzyn [ˈmjɛʐɨn] is a suburb of Szczecin, which is one of the most populous villages in Poland. It is located in the municipality of Gmina Dobra, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Dobra, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Police, and 9 km (6 mi) west of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the IEEE Communications Society for tutorials and surveys covering all aspects of the communications field. The journal publishes both original articles and reprints of articles featured in other IEEE Communication Society journals. It was established in 1998 and the editor-in-chief is Dusit (Tao) Niyato (Nanyang Technological University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 35.6.

Tutorial
In education, a tutorial is a method of transferring knowledge and may be used as a part of a learning process. More interactive and specific than a book or a lecture, a tutorial seeks to teach by example and supply the information to complete a certain task.

A tutorial can be taken in many forms, ranging from a set of instructions to complete a task to an interactive problem solving session (usually in academia).
2009–10 UEFA Europa League group stage
The 2009–10 UEFA Europa League group stage matches took place between 17 September and 17 December 2009.

The group stage featured the 38 winners of the play-off round and the 10 losing sides of the Champions League play-off round.

Following the completion of the group stage, the top two teams in each group advanced to play in the round of 32, where they were joined by the eight third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage.

2009–10 UEFA Champions League group stage
The 2009–10 UEFA Champions League group stage matches took place between 15 September and 9 December 2009. The draw for the eight groups took place on 27 August 2009, at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco.

The group stage featured the 22 automatic qualifiers and the 10 winners of the play-off round (five through the Champions Path, five through the Non-Champions Path).

After the completion of the group stage, the top two teams in each group advanced to play in the first knockout round, while the third-placed teams dropped down to the UEFA Europa League round of 32.
International Federation for Human Rights
The International Federation for Human Rights (French: Fédération internationale pour les droits humains, FIDH) is a non-governmental federation for human rights organizations. Founded in 1922, FIDH is the third oldest international human rights organization worldwide after Anti-Slavery International and Save the Children. As of 2025, the organization is made up of a federation of 196 organizations from 115 countries.

FIDH is nonpartisan, nonsectarian, and non-governmental. Its core mandate is to promote respect for all the rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

FIDH coordinates and supports collaborations with intergovernmental organizations.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Modified Richardson iteration
Modified Richardson iteration is an iterative method for solving a system of linear equations. Richardson iteration was proposed by Lewis Fry Richardson in his work dated 1910. It is similar to the Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel method.

We seek the solution to a set of linear equations, expressed in matrix terms as

The Richardson iteration is

where  is a scalar parameter that has to be chosen such that the sequence  converges.

It is easy to see that the method has the correct fixed points, because if it converges, then  and  has to approximate a solution of .

Fixed point (mathematics)
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specifically, for functions, a fixed point is an element that is mapped to itself by the function. Any set of fixed points of a transformation is also an invariant set.
Crandon shooting
The Crandon shooting was a mass murder that occurred about 2:45 a.m. CDT on October 7, 2007, at a post-homecoming party inside a duplex in Crandon, Wisconsin, United States. The perpetrator, 20-year-old Tyler James Peterson, who was a full-time deputy in the Forest County Sheriff's Department and a part-time officer with the Crandon Police Department, shot and killed six people and critically injured a seventh before committing suicide. One of the victims, 18-year-old Jordanne Michele Murray, was Peterson's former girlfriend, and it was believed that a dispute within the apartment motivated the shooting.

The incident was retroactively identified as the first time an AR-15 style rifle was used in a mass shooting in the U.S., according to Mother Jones's mass shooting database; AR-15s have been used in mass shootings at increasing rates since the Crandon shooting.

Duplex (building)
A duplex house plan has two living units attached to each other, either next to each other as townhouses and condominiums or one above the other like apartments. By contrast, a building comprising two attached units on two distinct properties is typically considered semi-detached or twin homes but is also called a duplex in parts of the Northeastern United States, Western Canada, and Saudi Arabia.

The term "duplex" is not extended to three-unit and four-unit buildings, as they would be referred to with specific terms such as three-family (or triplex) and fourplex (or quadplex/quadruplex) or a more general multiplex. Because of the flexibility of the term, the line between an apartment building and a duplex is somewhat blurred, with apartment buildings tending to be bigger, while duplexes are usually the size of a single-family house.

Certain jurisdictions may describe these as paired homes.
Spirit tablet
A spirit tablet, memorial tablet, or ancestral tablet is a placard that people used to designate the seat of a deity or past ancestor as well as to enclose it. The name of the deity or the past ancestor is usually inscribed onto the tablet. With origins in traditional Chinese culture, the spirit tablet is a common sight in many East Asian countries, where forms of ancestor veneration are practiced. Spirit tablets are traditional ritual objects commonly seen in temples, shrines, and household altars throughout mainland China and Taiwan.

Placard
A placard is a notice installed in a public place, like a small card, sign, or plaque. It can be attached to or hung from a vehicle or building to indicate information about the vehicle operator or contents of a vehicle or building. It can also refer to paperboard signs or notice carried by picketers or demonstrators.
Deamination
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases.

In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia. The rest of the amino acid is made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen, and is recycled or oxidized for energy. Ammonia is toxic to the human system, and enzymes convert it to urea or uric acid by addition of carbon dioxide molecules (which is not considered a deamination process) in the urea cycle, which also takes place in the liver. Urea and uric acid can safely diffuse into the blood and then be excreted in urine.

Thymine
Thymine (/ˈθaɪmiːn/) (symbol T or Thy) is one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase. In RNA, thymine is replaced by the nucleobase uracil.  Thymine was first isolated in 1893 by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann from calf thymus glands, hence its name.
Harlow Fire
The Harlow Fire was a large wildfire in Central California's Mariposa and Madera counties in mid-July 1961. The fire ignited on July 10 and burned rapidly, spreading to 43,329 acres (17,535 hectares) before it was fully surrounded by containment lines on July 13 and fully controlled on July 15. During those six days the Harlow Fire destroyed more than one hundred buildings, devastating the rural communities of Ahwahnee and Nipinnawasee in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada to the west of Yosemite National Park and the Sierra National Forest. The latter town never recovered. Two residents of Ahwahnee died fleeing the fire in their car and twenty-two injuries occurred among civilians and firefighters. A law enforcement investigation determined the fire was intentionally set by a local teenager who claimed to be trying to clear away brush; he was charged with arson but found innocent by a jury.

Sierra National Forest
Sierra National Forest is a U.S. national forest located on the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada in California, bounded on the northwest by Yosemite National Park and on the south by Kings Canyon National Park. The forest is known for its mountain scenery and beautiful lakes. Forest headquarters are located in Clovis, California. There are local ranger district offices in North Fork and Prather.
Pasaichthys
Pasaichthys pleuronectiformis is an extinct, prehistoric moonyfish that lived during the Lutetian epoch of Monte Bolca, Italy.  The average length of its fossils is about 6 centimeters.  In life, it would probably resemble its living relatives of the genus Monodactylus.

Lutetian
The Lutetian is, in the geologic timescale, a stage or age in the Eocene. It spans the time between 48.07 and 41.03 Ma. The Lutetian is preceded by the Ypresian and is followed by the Bartonian. Together with the Bartonian it is sometimes referred to as the Middle Eocene Subepoch.
Subhash Singh (Bihar politician)
Subash Singh (15 January 1963 – 16 August 2022) was an Indian politician. He was elected as a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly in 2015 from Gopalganj. In the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, he defeated the congress candidate and became a cabinet minister in the Bihar government, starting from 2021.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Meaford, Staffordshire
Meaford is a hamlet in the civil parish of Stone Rural, in the Stafford district, in the county of Staffordshire, England. It lies at the junction of the A34 and A51 roads, north of Stone on the River Trent. Meaford Lock is on the Trent and Mersey Canal. Meaford's most famous son is John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, the naval hero.

Meaford was for the later part of the 20th century easily identifiable from the main A34 road by the coal-fired Meaford Power Stations, operated by the CEGB and later National Power. Meaford 'A' of 120 MW capacity opened in the late 1940s, ceased generation in 1974 and was demolished in 1982. Meaford 'B' of 260 MW capacity was formally opened in 1957, generated power for the last time at 13:00 on 28 September 1990, was formally closed on 1 October 1991 and demolition was nearly complete on 9 June 1996 when the 408 feet (124 m) tall brick chimney was demolished.

Bury Bank, an Iron Age hillfort, is a short distance to the north.

Central Electricity Generating Board
The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) was responsible for electricity generation, transmission and bulk sales in England and Wales from 1958 until privatisation of the electricity industry in the 1990s.

It was established on 1 January 1958 to assume the functions of the Central Electricity Authority (1955–1957), which had in turn replaced the British Electricity Authority (1948–1955).  The Electricity Council was also established in January 1958, as the coordinating and policy-making body for the British electricity supply industry.
George Holdship
George Holdship (1839–1923) emigrated to Auckland in 1855 and became a businessman, mainly involved in timber logging and sawmills. His companies (Auckland Timber Company and, from 1888, Kauri Timber Company) removed much of North Island’s native forest, initially kauri and later kahikatea. He moved to Sydney in 1913.

Newton, New Zealand
Newton is a small suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, under the local governance of the Auckland Council.

Since the construction of the Central Motorway Junction in 1965–75, Newton has been divided into two parts, and as a result, lost much of its size and coherence. The northern part is centred on Karangahape Road, and the southern part on Newton Road and upper Symonds Street. Both Karangahape and Newton Roads intersect with Symonds Street to the east. Newton Road joins the Great North/Ponsonby and Karangahape Road intersection to the west.

At the southern end of Symonds Street are the Symonds Street Shops. Here Upper Symonds Street has two major intersections with other arterial roads: Newton Road and Khyber Pass Road, and Mt Eden Road and New North Road.
Platygramme
Platygramme is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae consisting of about 27 species. The genus was circumscribed by Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in 1874. The type species of the genus is P. caesiopruinosa. These bark-dwelling lichens are found in moist, shaded forests across tropical and warm temperate regions worldwide, where they form pale crusts that develop distinctive flattened, plate-like fruiting structures. A combination of several features characterizes Platygramme: the brown ascospores, a spore-producing layer (hymenium) speckled with granules, and elongated fruiting bodies (lirellae) with distinctive plate-like structures formed from hardened tissue.

Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée
Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée was a French botanist who was born in Ardentes, 7 November 1789, and died in Paris on 21 May 1874. He was the author of works on botany and mycology, practical and historical pharmacology, Darwinism, and his experiences in several regions of Europe.
Max Sainsaulieu
Max Sainsaulieu (17 July 1870 – 21 February 1953) was a French architect. Author of numerous accomplishments in Reims and Soissons before the First World War (including the completion of the church of Sainte Clotilde, the church of Saint Benoît, and the house of Jacques Simon) he participated actively in the reconstruction of Reims in the immediate post-war period.

Soissons
Soissons (French pronunciation: [swasɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France. Located on the river Aisne, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Paris, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. Soissons is also the see of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese, whose establishment dates from about 300, and it was the location of a number of church synods called "Council of Soissons".
Northern Railway Divisional Sports Association Stadium
Northern Railway Divisional Sports Association Stadium is a multi-purposed stadium located in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. The stadium is a multi-purpose stadium used for different games. It is a home ground for Uttar Pradesh cricket team for domestic matches and hosted two Ranji Trophy matches in 1966 against Vidarbha cricket team and Rajasthan cricket team.
The stadium is governed by Northern Railway Divisional Sports Associations. The stadium is owned by Northern Indian Railways.

Vidarbha cricket team
The Vidarbha cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team plays in the India's domestic first-class cricket competition Ranji Trophy and limited-overs Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. It represents the Vidarbha region of eastern Maharashtra. In December 2017, they reached the final of the Ranji Trophy for the first time in their history, after they beat Karnataka by 5 runs in the semi-finals of the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy tournament. In the final, they beat Delhi by 9 wickets to win their first Ranji Trophy. In the 2018-19 Ranji Trophy, Vidarbha successfully defended the crown by defeating Saurashtra by 78 runs in the final played at Nagpur. They won the third title in 2024-25 Ranji Trophy season.
Santiago Fernández (rugby union)
Santiago Fernández (born 28 November 1985 in Buenos Aires) is a former Argentine rugby footballer who played for Pau, Bayonne, Montpellier and amateur side Hindu Club, although he was paid by the Argentine Rugby Union as one of their better home-based players. His preferred position was at fly-half, although he could also play at centre.
A starlet for the age group teams in Argentina as well as the sevens team Fernandez has been capped at full team level and played at the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.

Fernández replaced Felipe Contepomi in Argentina's autumn tour in Europe.

Aviron Bayonnais
Aviron Bayonnais (AB, Basque: Baionako Arrauna), commonly called Bayonne, is a French rugby union club from Bayonne (Baiona in Basque) in Pyrénées-Atlantiques which competes in the Top 14, the top tier of the French league system.
Founded in 1904, they play at the Parc des Sports, also known as Stade Jean-Dauger, in Bayonne. 
The club mascot is a pottok pony called pottoka. They have ties to the French Basque community.
Naonobu (crater)
Naonobu is a small lunar impact crater named after Japanese mathematician Ajima Naonobu. It is located on the eastern Mare Fecunditatis, to the northwest of the prominent crater Langrenus, and it forms a triple-crater formation with the adjacent Atwood to the south and Bilharz just to the southwest. Naonobu and Atwood are separated by only a few kilometres.

The interior of this crater has been flooded with basaltic lava, leaving a relatively flat interior and a reduced outer rim. There is no central peak, but a small crater lies just to the southwest of the midpoint. A similar crater lies across the western interior of the rim.

This crater was previously designated Langrenus B before being renamed by the IAU in 1976.

Mare Fecunditatis
Mare Fecunditatis /fɪˌkʌndɪˈteɪtɪs/ (Latin fēcunditātis, the 'Sea of Fecundity' or 'Sea of Fertility') is a lunar mare in the eastern half of the visible Moon. The mare has a maximum diameter of 840 km.
De Coster
De Coster or Decoster is a Dutch occupational surname, most common in Flanders. Coster is an archaic spelling of modern Dutch "koster" (parish clerk). People with this surname include:

Adam de Coster (c. 1586–1643), Flemish Baroque painter

Charles De Coster (1827–1879), Belgian novelist best known for his Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel

Dominicus de Coster (c. 1560–1612), Flemish artist, printer and copperplate engraver

Jean-Baptiste De Coster (guide) (1760–1826), an unwilling Flemish guide for Napoleon at Waterloo

Jean-Baptiste De Coster (Jesuit) (1896–1968), a Belgian priest who sheltered Jews from the Holocaust

Jonathan Decoster (born 1987), American football player

Koen Decoster, Belgian historian, philosopher and translator

Maggy de Coster (born 1966), French writer

Maurice De Coster (1890–?), Belgian football player

Roger De Coster (born 1944), Belgian motocross racer and team manager

Saskia De Coster (born 1976), Belgian writer

Adam de Coster
Adam de Coster (c. 1586 in Mechelen – 4 May 1643 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter. He was a prominent member of the Antwerp Caravaggisti.  These Caravaggisti were part of an international movement of European artists who interpreted the work of Caravaggio and the followers of Caravaggio in a personal manner. He is mainly known for his genre scenes with strong chiaroscuro effects. He was called a Pictor Noctium (English: 'Painter of Nights') because of his preference for tenebrist scenes.
Flakne
Flakne is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gary Flakne (1934–2016), American politician

Gunn Elin Flakne (born 1964), Norwegian politician

Torstein Flakne (born 1960), Norwegian singer and guitarist

Torstein Flakne
Torstein Flakne (born December 17, 1960, in Trondheim, Norway) is a Norwegian singer and guitarist, best known for being the founder of the Norwegian rock band Stage Dolls. He is from Melhus Municipality and played in the band The Kids before founding Stage Dolls in 1985.
Westbrook Public Schools
Westbrook Public Schools is a school district serving Westbrook, Connecticut. The district comprises three schools located on two different campuses, the middle and high schools being attached. Daisy Ingraham Elementary School serves grades PK-4; Westbrook Middle School serves grades 5-8; and Westbrook High School serves grades 9-12. In the 2023-24 school year, the student body makeup was 69.8% white, 25.8% Hispanic/Latino, 1.7% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 0.7% Black.

Kristina Martineau became Superintendent in December 2020. Previous Superintendents include Patricia Ciccone (2012-2020); Patricia Charles (2006-2012); Carol Parmalee-Blancato (interim 2006); John Sullivan (1998-2005); Dalton Marks (1991-1998); and Robert Schreck (1978-1991). Arnold Oliver was the first Superintendent of Schools, serving from 1962 to 1978.

Westbrook, Connecticut
Westbrook is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 6,769 at the 2020 census. The town center is classified by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP).
Canary wood
Canary wood or canary whitewood is a name used to a number of species:

From Liriodendron commonly known as tulip trees

Indian mulberry Morinda citrifolia

Wood from the genus Centrolobium

Wood from the genus Persea; Persea indica and (Apollonias barbujana Syn.: Persea canariensis)

Wood from Eucalyptus moluccana and Nauclea orientalis Leichhardt's pine or cheesewood, from Australia its also named canary wood

Canary wood typically has a yellowish color with streaks of orange red and even white and black. Often used when making fine wood pens.

Persea barbujana
Persea barbujana, the Canary laurel or barbusano, is a species of tree in the laurel family, Lauraceae. It is endemic to the Macaronesian islands of Madeira (incl. Porto Santo) and the Canary Islands. It is often placed as the sole species in genus Apollonias. Molecular phylogenic analyses found that the species is nested within the genus Persea, which also includes the Macaronesian endemic Persea indica.

The La Gomera subspecies is distinct and endangered.