hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mahmud
Mahmud is a transliteration of the male Arabic given name محمود (Maḥmūd), common in most parts of the Islamic world. It comes from the Arabic triconsonantal root Ḥ-M-D, meaning praise, along with Muhammad.

Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root). Such abstract consonantal roots are used in the formation of actual words by adding the vowels and non-root consonants (or "transfixes"), which go with a particular morphological category around the root consonants, in an appropriate way, generally following specific patterns.

It is a peculiarity of Semitic linguistics that many of these consonantal roots are triliterals, meaning that they consist of three letters (although there are a number of quadriliterals, and in some languages also biliterals). Such roots are also common in other Afroasiatic languages. While Berber mostly has triconsonantal roots, Chadic, Omotic, and Cushitic have mostly biconsonantal roots; and Egyptian shows a mix of biconsonantal and triconsonantal roots.
Temporarily Disconnected
Temporarily Disconnected is the fourth album by the American band 24-7 Spyz, released in 1995. It features the reunion of the band's classic lineup, including mainstays Jimi Hazel and Rick Skatore along with the return of vocalist P. Fluid (now using his proper last name, Forrest) and drummer Anthony Johnson. The reunion and subsequent album were based on the lingering popularity of this particular lineup in Europe (where it was released exclusively) following the breakup of Strength in Numbers lineup.

The sound of Temporarily Disconnected mixes soul, funk, jazz, and heavy metal.

The album was seen by many critics, fans and even some band members as a step backwards from the focused effort of Strength in Numbers. Once again, problems between P. Fluid and the rest of the band came to a head following a 1995 European tour, with Fluid and Johnson exiting the band again shortly thereafter.

Jimi Hazel
Jimi Hazel is an American guitarist, who was born in the Bronx, New York City. He gets his name from his guitar idols, Jimi Hendrix and Eddie Hazel. He was childhood friends with Ronny Drayton, who joined the group Hazel founded, 24-7 Spyz. In 2009, Hazel formed a supergroup with Doug Pinnick of King's X, and members of Fishbone. In April 2002, he released a solo album, 21stCenturySouthBronxRockStar.
Huilong metro station
25°01′20″N 121°24′43″E﻿ / ﻿25.0220862°N 121.4118979°E﻿ / 25.0220862; 121.4118979

The Taipei Metro Huilong station is a station on the Zhonghe–Xinlu line located in Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, and the Huilong section of Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. It is the western terminus of the Xinzhuang Line and opened on June 29, 2013. It will be a terminus on the Wanda–Zhonghe–Shulin line in June 2031.

Losheng Sanatorium
Losheng Sanatorium (Chinese: 樂生療養院; pinyin: Lèshēng Liáoyǎngyuàn) is a sanatorium for lepers in Xinzhuang District, New Taipei, Taiwan. Losheng means "happy life". The building was constructed in the 1930s during the Japanese colonial period.

There were heated debates and protests about plans to replace Losheng Sanatorium with a MRT (Mass Rapid Transport) depot.
2000 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
The 2000 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series was the sixth season of the Craftsman Truck Series, the third highest stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. Greg Biffle of Roush Racing was crowned the series champion, giving Ford its first Truck Series championship and ending Chevrolet's five-year streak.

The season was marred by the death of Tony Roper in the penultimate race of the season at Texas Motor Speedway. His death was the third of three driver fatalities across the nationwide NASCAR circuits in 2000 that included Kenny Irwin Jr. and Adam Petty.

Kenny Irwin Jr.
Kenneth Dale Irwin Jr. (August 5, 1969 – July 7, 2000) was an American stock car racing driver. He had driven in all three NASCAR national touring series, and had two total victories, both in the Craftsman Truck Series. Before that, he raced in the United States Auto Club against Tony Stewart, who was one of his fiercest rivals. He died as a result of injuries suffered in a crash during a practice session at New Hampshire Motor Speedway.
Yoko Yamaguchi
Yoko Yamaguchi (山口 洋子, Yamaguchi Yōko, May 10, 1937 – September 6, 2014) was a Japanese lyricist and novelist. In 1985, Yamaguchi won the Naoki Prize for her novels, Enka no Mushi ("Japanese Ballad Lover") and Robai ("Old Japanese Plum").

Lyricist
A lyricist is a writer who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include (but is not limited to) the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.
Qualifications of Men
Qualifications of Men (Korean: 남자의 자격; RR: Namjaui jagyeok) was a Korean reality-variety show that aired on KBS2 from March 29, 2009 to April 7, 2013 as one of two segments in Happy Sunday.

Subtitled "101 Things a Man Must Do Before He Dies," the show involved a group of male celebrities of different ages and personalities who take on missions that would make them a "real man." The missions range from physical to emotional, and they meet and learn skills from many mentors in different areas.

Yoo Se-yoon
Yoo Se-yoon (Korean: 유세윤; born September 12, 1980) is a South Korean comedian and television comedy show host. He hosts and co-hosts a variety of shows, in addition to being a part of musical/comedic duo, UV. Yoo has been a part of shows such as South Korean talk show Non-Summit, Witch Hunt, SNL Korea, South Korean talk show Golden Fishery as well as its segments, Knee Drop Guru and Radio Star.
Novocaine (2001 film)
Novocaine is a 2001 American black comedy thriller film written and directed by David Atkins and starring Steve Martin, Helena Bonham Carter, Laura Dern, Lynne Thigpen, and Elias Koteas. It was shot in the Chicago, Illinois area. The film premiered at the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival and went on to screen in limited release in the United States on November 16, 2001. It was a box-office bomb and received mixed critic reviews.

Elias Koteas
Elias Koteas (/ˈɛliəs kəˈteɪəs/; Greek: Ηλίας Κοτέας; born March 11, 1961) is a Canadian actor who has performed in lead and supporting roles in numerous films and television series. He won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film Ararat (2002).

He is known for playing Alvin "Al" Olinsky in the Chicago television series franchise. Among the prominent films in which he has performed are Some Kind of Wonderful (1987), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990), Crash (1996), Fallen (1998), The Thin Red Line (1998), The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), and Shutter Island (2010).
Mark Holden
Mark Ronald Holden (born 27 April 1954) is an Australian singer, actor, TV personality, record producer, songwriter, and barrister. He was a pop star in the 1970s and had four top 20 hit singles, "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" (May 1976), "I Wanna Make You My Lady" (September), "Last Romance" (November) and "Reach Out for the One Who Loves You" (October 1977). Holden regularly appeared on national pop music show, Countdown. Holden is remembered for his clean-cut image, his white dinner suit and his penchant for handing out carnations to girls on the set of the popular television show Countdown – he was nicknamed "The Carnation Kid". In the 1980s he worked as a songwriter in Los Angeles providing material recorded by Meat Loaf, Joe Cocker, Gladys Knight, Bob Welch and Steve Jones. He was one of three original judges on the television series Australian Idol (2003–07) and the first season (2005) of The X Factor.

Bob Welch (musician)
Robert Lawrence Welch Jr. (August 31, 1945 – June 7, 2012) was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter who was a member of Fleetwood Mac from 1971 to 1974. He had a successful solo career in the late 1970s. His singles included "Hot Love, Cold World", "Ebony Eyes", "Precious Love", "Hypnotized", and his signature song, "Sentimental Lady".
Michael Driscoll (economist)
Michael John Driscoll (born 27 October 1950) is a British economist.  He was Chair of the Coalition of Modern Universities in the UK and from 1996 to 2015 was Vice-Chancellor of Middlesex University in London. In 2016, he was appointed President and Vice-Chancellor of Taylor's University in Malaysia.

MillionPlus
MillionPlus, formerly known as million+, the Campaign for Mainstream Universities, and the Coalition of Modern Universities (CMU), is a membership organisation, which aims to promote the role of "modern universities" in the UK higher education system; it describes itself  as "The Association for Modern Universities in the UK". MillionPlus is not for profit and funded by subscriptions from its members, currently 23 UK universities. While all of the member institutions are "new" universities, many have long histories as colleges and polytechnics.
Tersky Coast
66°09′11″N 37°32′31″E﻿ / ﻿66.15306°N 37.54194°E﻿ / 66.15306; 37.54194

The Tersky Coast (Russian: Терский берег) is a coastal area in Murmansk Oblast in northwest Russia. It is located on the northern side of the White Sea, between mouth of Varzuga River and Cape Svyatoy Nos. The major rivers flowing to the sea at the coast are the Ponoy and the Strelna.

Administratively, the Tersky Coast is shared between Lovozersky and Tersky Districts of Murmansk Oblast.

The villages of Olenitsa, Kashkarantsy, Kuzomen, Tetrino, Chapoma, Pyalitsa, Lumbovka are all located at the Tersky Coast. The coast was populated not later than 13th century by the Pomors.

Tersky Coast is included into border security zone, intended to protect the borders of Russian Federation from unwanted activity. In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local FSB department is required.

Strelna (river)
The Strelna (Russian: Стрельна) is a river in the south of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is 213 kilometres (132 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 2,770 square kilometres (1,070 sq mi). The Strelna originates on the Keivy and flows into the White Sea. Its biggest tributary is the Beryozovaya.
2015 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament
The 2015 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament was played between March and April 2015, with the Final Four played April 5 & 7. The regional locations, after a one-year experiment allowing tournament teams to host, returned to four neutral sites: Oklahoma City, Spokane, Greensboro and Albany. The subregionals were played 20–23 March, while the regionals were played 27–30 March. This represented a change; in the past, the rounds were played starting on a Saturday and ending on a Tuesday. In 2015, the opening rounds and regionals (but not the Final Four) were played starting on a Friday and ending on a Monday. The Final Four was played at Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida. For only the third time in history, all four of the number one seeds made it to the Final Four.

Tennessee continued its record streak of making every NCAA women's basketball tournament at 34 consecutive appearances. UConn also continued its record streak of eight consecutive Final Four appearances.

Lindsay Allen
Lindsay Wilson Dozier Allen (born March 20, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Connecticut Sun of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and for Çukurova Basketbol of the Turkish Super League. She played college basketball for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. She was drafted in the second round (14th overall) of the 2017 WNBA draft by the New York Liberty.
Adolfo Yedro
Adolfo Luis Yedro (14 December 1922 – 20 February 1989) was an Argentine rower. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1948 Summer Olympics. His team mates were Ricardo Boneo, Carlos Crosta, Ítalo Sartori and Carlos Semino.

Rowing at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four
The men's coxed four competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London took place at Henley-on-Thames, London. It was held from 5 to 9 August. There were 16 boats (80 competitors) from 16 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by the United States, the nation's first victory in the men's coxed four. Switzerland earned silver, the nation's fifth medal in the event in six Games (having missed the podium only in 1932, when no Swiss team competed). Denmark took its first medal in the men's coxed four since 1912, with bronze.
Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita
Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a facultative parasitic nematode that can kill slugs and snails. It belongs to the family Rhabditidae, the same family as Caenorhabditis elegans.

P. hermaphrodita is a bacterial-feeding nematode and is a lethal parasite of several terrestrial gastropod families such as Arionidae, Milacidae and Limacidae. It is also able to reproduce on rotting matter or penetrate and remain in resistant slug and snail species where it awaits for their death and will then reproduce on the cadaver (necromeny). P. hermaphrodita was first isolated and documented by A. Schneider in 1859  and was intensively studied in the 1990s by researchers at Long Ashton Research centre who were focused on finding a new biocontrol agent for slugs. P. hermaphrodita was isolated here and developed as a biological control agent (Nemaslug®) for minimising agriculture damage from slugs and snails in 1994.

Snail
A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are sometimes called semi-slugs.
Joaquín Vicuña
José Joaquín Vicuña Larraín (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse xo.aˈkim biˈkuɲa laraˈin]; 1786–1857) was a Chilean politician whose selection as Vice President of Chile by Congress precipitated the Chilean Civil War of 1829. He was of Basque descent.

Vicuña was from a powerful family; of his brothers, Francisco Ramón Vicuña was an influential politician, and Manuel Vicuña was Archbishop of Santiago. He is primarily known for his role in the presidential election of 1829. He ran for president, finishing fourth; but rather than appointing the runner-up (or even second runner-up) as vice president, the Congress controlled by his brother's party appointed Joaquín, precipitating a civil war.

He founded the town of Vicuña in 1821.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
Birky, Yavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast
Birky (Ukrainian: Бі́рки, formerly known as Birky Yanivski (Ukrainian: Бірки Янівські) and Birky Dominikanski (Ukrainian: Бірки Домініканські) is  a village (selo) in Yavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast (province) of Western Ukraine. It belongs to Ivano-Frankove settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2203. Local government is administered by Birkivska Village Council.

Ivano-Frankove settlement hromada
Ivano-Frankove settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська селищна громада) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Yavoriv Raion of Lviv Oblast. The administrative center is the rural settlement of Ivano-Frankove.
Château Sociando-Mallet
Château Sociando-Mallet is an unclassed Bordeaux wine producer from the appellation Haut-Médoc. The winery is located on the Left Bank of the Bordeaux wine regions, in the commune of Saint-Seurin-de-Cadourne north of Saint-Estèphe, France. Despite its estimation as a producer of high quality wine, it was neither ranked in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 (not existing at the time), nor is it listed among Médoc's Cru Bourgeois, due to a decision of its owner Jean Gautreau not to enter it for such classification.

The winery also produces a second wine named La Demoiselle de Sociando-Mallet.

Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855
The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 resulted from the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris, when Emperor Napoleon III requested a classification system for France's best Bordeaux wines that were to be on display for visitors from around the world. Brokers from the wine industry ranked the wines according to a château's reputation and trading price, which at that time was directly related to quality.

The wines were ranked in importance from first to fifth growths (crus). All of the red wines that made it on the list came from the Médoc region except for one: Château Haut-Brion from Graves. The white wines, then of much less importance than red wine, were limited to the sweet varieties of Sauternes and Barsac and were ranked only from superior first growth to second growth.
Rivendell Bicycle Works
Rivendell Bicycle Works is a producer of lugged steel bicycle frames, located in Walnut Creek, California, United States. Rivendell frames, both custom and stock bicycles, are designed in the U.S. by Grant Petersen. Bicycles are manufactured in the United States, Japan, and Taiwan. Custom frames are made in the U.S.

Grant Petersen, who, while in charge of American marketing and bicycle design at Bridgestone, developed the XO-series, founded Rivendell in 1994.

Lugged steel frame construction
Lugged steel frame construction is a method of building bicycle frames using steel tubing mated with socket-like sleeves, called lugs.  For most of the bicycle's history, steel has been the primary material for bicycle frames, with lugged construction the primary assembling method.  Steel continues in use by builders of high-quality steel frames, though its dominance as a frame material has waned as, since the mid-1990s, it has been displaced largely by aluminum and carbon fiber; lugging has been displaced by TIG welding.
Palais–Smale compactness condition
The Palais–Smale compactness condition, named after Richard Palais and Stephen Smale, is a hypothesis for some theorems of the calculus of variations.  It is useful for guaranteeing the existence of certain kinds of critical points, in particular saddle points. The Palais-Smale condition is a condition on the functional that one is trying to extremize.

In finite-dimensional spaces, the Palais–Smale condition for a continuously differentiable real-valued function is satisfied automatically for proper maps: functions which do not take unbounded sets into bounded sets.  In the calculus of variations, where one is typically interested in infinite-dimensional function spaces, the condition is necessary because some extra notion of compactness beyond simple boundedness is needed.  See, for example, the proof of the mountain pass theorem in section 8.5 of Evans.

Function space
In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions between two fixed sets. Often, the domain and/or codomain will have additional structure which is inherited by the function space. For example, the set of functions from any set X into a vector space has a natural vector space structure given by pointwise addition and scalar multiplication. In other scenarios, the function space might inherit a topological or metric structure, hence the name function space. Often in mathematical jargon, especially in analysis or geometry, a function could refer to a map of the form  or  where  is the space in question. Whilst other maps of the form  between any two spaces are simply referred to as maps. Example of this can be the space of compactly supported functions on a topological space. However in a larger context a function space could just consist of a set of functions (set theoretically) equipped with possibly some extra structure.
Fred Fraenkel
Fred S. Fraenkel is an investment professional and was a vice chair of Cowen Inc. He was on the Barron's year-end roundtable for four years and managed large research organizations at several Wall Street firms. He ran his venture fund for eight years and was until September 2015 the president and chief research officer of a Miami-based advisor of mutual funds.

Chief research officer
The chief research officer (CRO), research officer, or research director is a job title commonly given to the most senior executive in an enterprise responsible for the research that supports enterprise goals. Generally, the CRO reports to the chief executive officer. In educational organizations, they report to the chancellor or president.
Hong Kong–Pakistan relations
Hong Kong–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Hong Kong and Pakistan. Hong Kong and Pakistan were once both British colonies, until Pakistan achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, and the United Kingdom handed over Hong Kong to China in 1997.

A Pakistan Consulate was established in Wan Chai, Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong.

Wan Chai
Wan Chai (Chinese: 灣仔) is located in the western part of Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is bounded by Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west, and Bowen Road to the south. The area north of Gloucester Road is often called Wan Chai North.

Wan Chai is one of the busiest commercial areas in Hong Kong with offices of many small and medium-sized companies. Wan Chai North features office towers, parks, hotels and an international conference and exhibition centre. Wan Chai is also well known for its famous night life which has evolved over decades. As one of the first areas developed in Hong Kong, the locale is densely populated but facing urban decay. The government has undertaken several urban renewal projects in recent years. There are various landmarks and skyscrapers within the area, most notably the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), Central Plaza and Hopewell Centre.
Helmsley Bridge
Helmsley Bridge, sometimes known as Rye Bridge, is a historic bridge in Helmsley, a town in North Yorkshire, in England.

The bridge carries the A170 road over the River Rye, just below the mouth of the Borough Beck.  It was constructed in the Mediaeval period, perhaps in the 14th century, and probably for Rievaulx Abbey.  It is the oldest surviving bridge over the Rye, but was largely rebuilt in the late 18th century.  The parapet may have been rebuilt, and it was repaired in 2023.  It is a scheduled monument and has been a grade II listed building since 1955.

The bridge is built of sandstone and has two arches, one 37 feet (11 m) wide and the other only 23 feet (7.0 m) wide.  Each has double arch rings, and they have buttresses between them.  The bridge was originally about 12 feet (3.7 m) across, with pointed arches, but was later widened upstream, with round arches, to a total breadth of 20 feet (6.1 m).  The bridge has a band, a parapet and coping.

River Rye, Yorkshire
The River Rye in the English county of North Yorkshire rises just south of the Cleveland Hills, east of Osmotherley. It flows through Ryedale and the communities of Hawnby, Rievaulx, Helmsley, Nunnington, West and East Ness, Butterwick, Brawby, and Ryton, before joining the River Derwent at 54°10′N 00°44′W﻿ / ﻿54.167°N 0.733°W﻿ / 54.167; -0.733 near Malton.

The river valley (dale) gave its name to the Ryedale District, a former shire district that extended southwest into the Vale of Pickering along the River Derwent. The district existed from 1974 to 2021, when it was subsumed into the larger North Yorkshire unitary authority.