hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paskalevo
Paskalevo (Bulgarian: Паскалево) is a village in the municipality of Dobrichka, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

Formerly, the village was known as Ezi bey (Ези бей) and in Romanian as Ezibei, because it was founded as the chiflik of a 16th-century local Ottoman chieftain (bey) named Ezi. Ethnic Bulgarians settled in the early 19th century, with a further group of settlers brought in by priest Paskal in 1848. These Bulgarians originated from the Sliven and Yambol regions, though they had briefly emigrated to Bessarabia to escape Ottoman persecution after the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29.

Between 1918 and 1940, the village was part of Caliacra County of the Kingdom of Romania, returning to Bulgarian control with the Treaty of Craiova. It was renamed to Paskalevo in honour of priest Paskal in 1942.

Chiflik
The chiflik or chiftlik (Ottoman Turkish: çiftlik; Albanian: çiflig; Bulgarian: чифлик, chiflik; Macedonian: чифлиг, čiflig; Greek: τσιφλίκι, tsiflíki; Serbian: читлук/čitluk), is a Turkish term for a system of land management in the Ottoman Empire. Before the chiflik system the Empire used a non-hereditary form of land management called the timar system. As the Empire began to collapse, powerful military officers started to claim land from the sultan's holding allowing them to pass the land onto their sons, thus creating the chiflik system. This form of land management lasted from the 16th century until the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1919. The chiflik owners were known as chiftlik-sahibi.
Stoev
Stoev (masculine, Bulgarian: Стоев) or Stoeva (feminine, Bulgarian: Стоева) is a Bulgarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrey Stoev (born 1986), Bulgarian footballer

Boris Stoev (1926–1998), Bulgarian cross country skier

Dzhina Stoeva (born 1976), Bulgarian singer

Emil Stoev (footballer, born 1986), Bulgarian footballer

Emil Stoev (footballer, born 1996), Bulgarian footballer

Gabriela Stoeva (born 1994), Bulgarian badminton player

Georgi Stoev (1973–2008), Bulgarian writer

Lachezara Stoeva (born 1977), Bulgarian diplomat

Martin Stoev (born 1971), Bulgarian volleyball player and coach

Mladen Stoev (born 1984), Bulgarian footballer

Stefani Stoeva (born 1995), Bulgarian badminton player

Stoycho Stoev (born 1962), Bulgarian footballer

Todor Stoev (born 1988), Bulgarian footballer

Valcho Stoev (born 1952), Bulgarian shot putter

Vasilka Stoeva (born 1940), Bulgarian discus thrower

Gabriela Stoeva
Gabriela Stoeva (Bulgarian: Габриела Стоева; born 15 July 1994) is a Bulgarian badminton player specializing in doubles. Her current partner is her younger sister, Stefani Stoeva. The pair is the four-time European Champion and two-time European Games gold medalist as well. They competed at the 2016, 2020 and the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Karin Seehofer
Karin Seehofer (born April 1958) is the second wife of the Bavarian Minister-President Horst Seehofer. After Christian Wulff's resignation on 17 February 2012, her husband became acting head of state of Germany in his capacity as President of the German Bundesrat, until the election of Joachim Gauck on 18 March 2012. She is also a cousin of American author Konrad Dryden.

Her parents owned a small brewery, Brauerei Stark, in Schamhaupten. She worked in the civil service, where she met Horst Seehofer. They married on Christmas Eve in 1985, and have two daughters and a son.

After her husband's election as Minister-president of Bavaria in 2008, she has undertaken a great number of representative duties, and is the protector of many charitable organisations.

2012 German presidential election
An early indirect presidential election (officially the 15th Federal Convention) was held in Germany on 18 March 2012, the last possible day following the resignation of Christian Wulff as President of Germany on 17 February 2012. Joachim Gauck was elected on the first ballot by a Federal Convention, consisting of the 620 members of the Bundestag and an equal number of members selected by the states of Germany based on proportional representation.

On 19 February 2012, Joachim Gauck was nominated as the joint presidential candidate of the governing coalition (CDU, CSU, and FDP) and the opposition (SPD and Greens). He also had the support of the Free Voters and the South Schleswig Voter Federation.

Gauck became the first independent candidate to win a presidential election since the end of the Second World War, and the second overall since Paul von Hindenburg, who was elected in 1925 and re-elected in 1932.
Ștefania Mărăcineanu
Ștefania Mărăcineanu (Romanian pronunciation: [ʃtefaˈni.a mə.rə'ʧi.ne̯a.nu]; June 18, 1882 – August 15, 1944) was a Romanian physicist. She worked with Marie Curie and studied the element named for Curie's homeland Polonium. She made proposals that later lead to Irène Joliot-Curie's Nobel Prize. Mărăcineanu believed that Joliot-Curie had taken her work on induced radioactivity to receive the prize.

University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest (UB) (Romanian: Universitatea din București) is a public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on 4 July 1864 (1864-07-04) by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it one of the oldest Romanian universities. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (a group of elite Romanian universities).

The University of Bucharest offers study programmes in Romanian and English and is classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education.
Burgbernheim
Burgbernheim (German pronunciation: [bʊʁkˈbɛʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; East Franconian: Bärna) is a town in the Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 9 km (6 mi) southwest of Bad Windsheim, and 13 km (8 mi) northeast of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. It has a population of around 3,300.

Rothenburg ob der Tauber
Rothenburg ob der Tauber (German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːtn̩bʊʁk ʔɔp deːɐ̯ ˈtaʊbɐ] ⓘ) is a town located in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia), the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. It is well known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a destination for tourists from around the world. It is part of the popular Romantic Road through southern Germany. Today it is one of only four towns in Germany that still have completely intact city walls, the other three being Nördlingen, Dinkelsbühl and Berching, all in Bavaria.

Rothenburg was a free imperial city (German: Freie Reichsstadt) from the late Middle Ages to 1803. In 1884 Johann Friedrich (von) Hessing (1838–1918) built Wildbad Rothenburg o.d.T. 1884–1903.
Connecticut's 110th House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 110th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of Danbury and has been represented by Democrat Bob Godfrey since 1989.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
Leptobrachella aerea
Leptobrachella aerea is a species of frogs in the family Megophryidae. It is known from Vilabouli District, Savannakhet Province, Laos (where its type locality is) and from Hà Tĩnh, Nghệ An, Thanh Hóa, and Quảng Bình Provinces of Vietnam.

Hà Tĩnh province
Hà Tĩnh is a province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Nghệ An to the north, Quảng Bình to the south, Laos to the west, and the South China Sea (Gulf of Tonkin) to the east.

Hà Tĩnh together with neighbouring Nghệ An province the two provinces are together called "Nghệ Tĩnh", and the locals are  known for speaking Vietnamese with a regional accent.
Angelika Zauber
Angelika Zauber (née Kuhse; born 5 November 1958) is a German former middle-distance runner who competed for East Germany in the 1500 metres and 3000 metres. She was the 3000 m gold medallist at the 1981 IAAF World Cup and the 1981 European Cup. She was a two-time national champion over 1500 m and set a best of 3:59.90 minutes at the competition.

East German Indoor Athletics Championships
The East German Indoor Athletics Championships (German: DDR Leichtathletik-Hallenmeisterschaften) was an annual indoor track and field competition organised by the East German Athletics Association (German: Deutscher Verband für Leichtathletik der DDR), which served as the national championship for the sport in East Germany. Typically held over two days in February during the German winter, it was first held in 1964.

The event was contested separately from the West German Indoor Athletics Championships until 1991, when the German Indoor Athletics Championships was held as the first Unified Germany championships. National indoor championships in racewalking and combined track and field events were usually contested at separate locations.
Pinakochori
Pinakochori (Greek: Πινακοχώρι) is a small village on the island of Lefkada, Ionian Islands, Greece. According to the 2021 census, Pinakochori had a population of 293. Until 2011 it was part of the municipal unit Sfakiotes, which has become defunct. It is now part of the unit Lefkada. Pinakochori was the 4th largest village in the old municipality as of 2001.

Ionian Islands (region)
The Ionian Islands Region (/aɪˈoʊniən/ eye-OH-nee-ən; Greek: Περιφέρεια Ιονίων Νήσων, romanized: Periféria Ioníon Níson, [periˈferia ioˈnion ˈnison]) is the smallest by area of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece located in the Ionian Sea. It comprises all the Ionian Islands except Kythera, which, although historically part of the island group, was separated and integrated to the Attica Region.
Full Circle (Stargate SG-1)
"Full Circle"  is the season finale for season six of the Canadian-American military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. It was originally intended to be the last episode of Stargate SG-1. The episode was written by executive producer Robert C. Cooper and directed by Martin Wood. The episodes received an average Nielsen household rating and a low syndication rating compared to other season six episodes. The episode got strong reviews from major media publishers worldwide.

"Full Circle" follows the Ascended Daniel Jackson contacting Jack O'Neill and tells him that Anubis has located The Eye of Ra, an enormously powerful weapon that can defeat the combined forces of the Goa'uld System Lords. SG-1 then travels to Abydos to create a defensive position against the Goa'uld Army, Anubis then appears over the planet and threatens to destroy it if they don't give him The Eye of Ra.

Season finale
A season finale (British English: series finale; Australian English: season final) is the final episode of a season of a television program. This is often the final episode to be produced for a few months or longer, and, as such, will attempt to attract viewers to continue watching when the series begins again.

A season finale may contain a cliffhanger ending to be resolved in the next season. Alternatively, a season finale could bring storylines to a close, "going out on a high" and similarly maintaining interest in the series' eventual return.
Scott S. Hall
Scott S. Hall is a psychology and behavioral science professor and researcher at Stanford University's School of Medicine, specializing in Fragile X syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and in research on the relationship of Fragile X syndrome to other conditions, including autism spectrum disorders. He received a Doctor of Philosophy degree in psychology from the Institute of Psychiatry in 1997.

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
Khanka spiny bitterling
The Khanka spiny bitterling (Acheilognathus chankaensis) is a temperate freshwater fish belonging to the family Acheilognathidae, the bitterlings. It originates in the inland rivers in Asia, and is found in China, Korea, and Russia.

The fish can grow up to 12 cm (4.7 in) in total length. It lives in a temperate climate in water with a pH of 7.0, a hardness of 15 DH, and a temperature range of 18 to 22 °C (64 to 72 °F). It is of commercial importance for fisheries and public aquaria.

When spawning, the female deposits the eggs inside bivalves. The young hatch and remain within the bivalve until they can swim.

Hard water
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.

Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits. It can pose critical problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water.

In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of foam formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects.
Carbones
Carbones are a class of molecules containing a carbon atom in the 1D excited state with a formal oxidation state of zero where all four valence electrons exist as unbonded lone pairs.  These carbon-based compounds are of the formula CL2 where L is a strongly σ-donating ligand, typically a phosphine (carbodiphosphoranes) or a N-heterocyclic carbene/NHC (carbodicarbenes), that stabilises the central carbon atom through donor-acceptor bonds.  Carbones possess high-energy orbitals with both σ- and π-symmetry, making them strong Lewis bases and strong π-backdonor substituents.  Carbones possess high proton affinities and are strong nucleophiles which allows them to function as ligands in a variety of main group and transition metal complexes.  Carbone-coordinated elements also exhibit a variety of different reactivities and catalyse various organic and main group reactions.

Pi bond
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, in which each of two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, and in which this overlap occurs laterally. Each of these atomic orbitals has an electron density of zero at a shared nodal plane that passes through the two bonded nuclei. This plane also is a nodal plane for the molecular orbital of the pi bond. Pi bonds can form in double and triple bonds but do not form in single bonds in most cases.

The Greek letter π in their name refers to p orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the pi bond is the same as that of the p orbital when seen down the bond axis. One common form of this sort of bonding involves p orbitals themselves, though d orbitals also engage in pi bonding. This latter mode forms part of the basis for metal-metal multiple bonding.
Extraction ratio
Extraction ratio is a measure in renal physiology, primarily used to calculate renal plasma flow in order to evaluate renal function. It measures the percentage of the compound entering the kidney that was excreted into the final urine.

Measured in concentration in blood plasma, it may thus be expressed as:

, where Pa is the concentration in renal artery, and Pv is the concentration in the renal vein.

For instance, para aminohippuric acid (PAH) is almost completely excreted in the final urine, and thus almost none is found in the venous return (Pv ~0). Therefore, the extraction ratio of PAH ~1. This is why PAH is used in PAH clearance to estimate renal plasma flow.

Renal artery
The renal arteries are paired arteries that supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle.

The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys.
Ali Sami Shirazi
Ali Sami Shirazi (1910–1989) (Alī Sāmī) was an Iranian teacher, archaeologist, and author in Iran. He was director of the Scientific Bureau of Persepolis from 1941 until 1961. He led excavations at Persepolis for several seasons. He also conducted excavations at Pasagardae. He authored guidebooks on Shiraz and Persepolis.

Sami worked under André Godard and later with Mohammad Taqi Mustafavi, director generals of the Iranian General Office of Archaeology.

His book on Persepolis was translated by R. N. Sharp, an English reverend and "oriental" scholar who spent more tham 3 decades in Persia.

Pasargadae
Pasargadae (/pəˈsɑːrɡədi/; from Pāθra-gadā, lit. 'protective club'  or 'strong club'; Persian: پاسارگاد, romanized: Pāsārgād) was the capital of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great (559–530 BC), located just north of the town of Madar-e-Soleyman and about 90 kilometres (56 mi) to the northeast of the city of Shiraz. It is one of Iran's UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is considered to be the location of the Tomb of Cyrus, a tomb previously attributed to Madar-e-Soleyman, the "Mother of Solomon". It is a national tourist site administered by the Iranian culture of world heritage.
Lise Kjølsrød
Lise Kjølsrød (born 1949) is a Norwegian sociologist, specialising in the sociology of medical care.

She graduated from the University of Oslo with a mag.art. degree (PhD equivalent) in 1978, and took the dr.philos. degree in 1992. She worked as a research assistant at the University of Oslo from 1978, and as a scholarship holder at Norges almenvitenskapelige forskningsråd from 1986. From 1988 to 1990 she was a bureucreat in the Norwegian Ministry of Finance. She then became amanuensis at the University of Oslo in 1990, and researcher at the Institute for Social Research from 1991. She then returned to the University of Oslo to become associate professor from 1995 and finally professor from 2005. She is co-editor of Acta Sociologica.

Magister degree
A magister degree (also magistar, female form: magistra; from Latin: magister, "teacher") is an academic degree used in various systems of higher education.

The magister degree arose in medieval universities in Europe and was originally equal to the doctorate; while the doctorate was originally conferred in theology, law and medicine, the magister degree was usually conferred in the liberal arts, broadly known as "philosophy" in continental Europe, which encompassed all other academic subjects. In some countries, the title has retained this original meaning until the modern age, while in other countries, magister has become the title of a lower degree, in some cases parallel with a master's degree (whose name is cognate).
Direct coupling
In electronics, direct coupling or DC coupling (also called conductive coupling and galvanic coupling) is the transfer of electrical energy by means of physical contact via a conductive medium, in contrast to inductive coupling and capacitive coupling. It is a way of interconnecting two circuits such that, in addition to transferring the AC signal (or information), the first circuit also provides DC bias to the second.  Thus, DC blocking capacitors are not used or needed to interconnect the circuits. Conductive coupling passes the full spectrum of frequencies including direct current.

Such coupling may be achieved by a wire, resistor, or common terminal, such as a binding post or metallic bonding.

Binding post
A binding post is a connector commonly used on electronic test equipment to terminate (attach) a single wire or test lead. They are also found on loudspeakers and audio amplifiers as well as other electrical equipment.
Edwin Smith Papyrus
The Edwin Smith Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical text, named after Edwin Smith who bought it in 1862, and the oldest known surgical treatise on trauma. This document, which may have been a manual of military surgery, describes 48 cases of injuries, fractures, wounds, dislocations and tumors.

It is unique among the surviving Egyptian medical papyri because it presents a rational and scientific approach to medicine in ancient Egypt: 58  and avoids prescribing magic. This copy dates to Dynasties 16–17 of the Second Intermediate Period in ancient Egypt, c. 1600 BCE: 70  but the original may date from the Old Kingdom.

Injury
Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.

Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing. In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury. Cells too can repair damage to a certain degree.
Sorum-class tugboat
The Sorum class, Soviet designation Project 745, is a series of seagoing tugs built for the Soviet Navy and the KGB Border Troops, and later operated by the Russian Navy and the FSB Border Service.

These vessels perform the standard missions of a seagoing tugboat with other missions such as protecting and patrolling Russian maritime borders, enforcing navigational rules and law enforcement, search and rescue, and fisheries protection.

Borders of Russia
Russia, the largest country in the world by area, has international land borders with fourteen sovereign states as well as two narrow maritime boundaries with the United States and Japan. There are also two breakaway states bordering Russia, namely Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The country has an internationally recognized land border running 22,407 kilometres (13,923 mi) in total, and has the second-longest land border of any country in the world, after China (22,457 kilometres (13,954 mi)).

The borders of the Russian Federation (formerly the Russian SFSR) were mostly drawn since 1956 (save for minor border changes, e.g., with China), and have remained the same after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In 2014, Russia annexed Ukraine's Crimean peninsula in a move that remains internationally unrecognized which altered de facto borders with Ukraine. In 2022, Russia further annexed Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts further changing de facto borders with Ukraine.