hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Castles (South Dakota)
The Castles is a butte formation in Harding County, South Dakota, United States.  It is a place of geological and historical interest, being located adjacent to the site of the Battle of Slim Buttes.  A 940-acre portion of this site was listed in 1976 as a National Natural Landmark as a volcanic ash deposit that stands substantially higher than the surrounding plateau.  The site is located within the Slim Buttes land parcel of the Custer National Forest, a federal landholding.

Harding County, South Dakota
Harding County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,311, making it the third-least populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Buffalo.

Harding County was established as a county in the Dakota Territory on March 5, 1881, but was not organized at that time. Its name recognized J. A. Harding, who had been Speaker of the House of Dakota Territory. Its boundaries were altered in 1883, in 1889, and in 1894. On November 8, 1898, Harding County was dissolved and its territory assigned to Butte County. However, on November 3, 1908, it was again created (with altered boundaries) from Butte County's area, and on February 17, 1909 its governing organization was completed.

Custer National Forest has its South Dakota portion in Harding County, and South Dakota State University operates the Antelope Range and Livestock Research Station about 14 miles (23 km) east of Buffalo.
Kanako Haginaga
Kanako Haginaga (萩永 佳奈子, Haginaga Kanako; born 15 November 1975) is a retired Japanese runner who specialized in marathons and cross-country running.

She won the silver medal in the junior race at the 1993 Asian Cross Country Championships. At the 1994 World Cross Country Championships she finished eighteenth in the junior race, and won a bronze medal in the team competition. At the 1995 World Cross Country Championships she finished twentieth in the senior race and ended fourth in the team competition. She finished fifth at the 1996 World Half Marathon Championships.

Her personal best times were 15:47.3 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in May 1996 in Nishinomiya; 32:18.10 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in May 1995 in Kobe; and 1:09:47 hours in the half marathon, achieved in July 1996 in Sapporo.

1996 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships
The 5th IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held on September 29, 1996, in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. A total of 206 athletes, 134 men and 72 women, from 53 countries took part.

Complete results were published.
Borokalia Nashkara
Borokalia Nashkara is a revenue village under South Salmara in Dhubri district, India. There are several other small villages associated with this village. A revenue village consisting of about 10 small villages and three major villages. This also covered the Nashkara Gaon Panchayat. The distance from Nashkara village to the state capital Dispur is around 177 km. The state capital of Lucknow is different from Nashkara and is 245.5 km. Nearby prosperous capitals include Silong 184.6 km, Gangtok 213.7 km, Agartala 261.9 km.

Silog
Silog is a class of Filipino breakfast dishes containing sinangag (garlic fried rice) and itlog ("egg"; in context, fried egg "sunny side up"). They are served with various accompanying savory dishes (ulam), usually fried meat dishes such as tapa, longganisa or ham. The name of the accompanying dish determines the portmanteau name of the silog; for example, the former three would be known as tapsilog, longsilog, and hamsilog.
Hemitoma
Hemitoma is a genus of slit limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.

In this genus of fissurellid, there is an inconspicuous notch at the anterior end of the shell rather than a slit. The notch is best seen in an interior view of the shell.

Joseph Paul Gaimard
Joseph Paul Gaimard (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf pɔl ɡemaʁ]; 31 January 1793 – 10 December 1858) was a French naval surgeon, naturalist, and explorer. He served as a scientific officer on French voyages to the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic region.
Sleep onset
Sleep onset is the transition from wakefulness into sleep. Sleep onset usually transits into non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM sleep) but under certain circumstances (e.g. narcolepsy) it is possible to transit from wakefulness directly into rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep).

GABA
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.
Panasonic Lumix 14–140mm lens
The Panasonic Lumix Vario 14-140mm is a zoom lens for Micro Four Thirds system cameras; the first version, distinguished by its maximum aperture of f/4.0–5.8, served as the bundled kit lens for the Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1, and later GH2; for other cameras, it was available for separate purchase.  As the Panasonic GHn camera line are designed for both still photography and video, the lens has a fast, quiet autofocus motor and a stepless aperture diaphragm, hence the "HD" branding.

It was discontinued in 2013 after Panasonic released a faster, smaller lens covering the same focal length range with a maximum aperture of f/3.5–5.6. The second version was replaced by a new version in 2019, which included a gasket for weather and dust resistance, but was unchanged optically.

Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 is a digital mirrorless interchangeable lens camera adhering to the Olympus and Panasonic developed Micro Four Thirds System (MFT) system design standard. Panasonic classified the GH1 as a hybrid stills/video camera and the GH1 was introduced and marketed as a higher end camera than Panasonic's first MFT camera, the stills only, non-video capable Lumix DMC-G1.

The Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 was the second MFT camera introduced under the MFT design standard and the first MFT camera to include HD video recording capability. The GH1 was announced at the April 2009 Photo Marketing Association Annual Convention and Trade Show.

As a part of marketing this camera, Panasonic sponsored some professional filmmakers by allowing them to borrow the GH1 camera for their projects. One such GH1 model camera was used to film the pilot of the Swedish horror film Marianne.
Scranton Chamber of Commerce Building
Scranton Chamber of Commerce Building is a historic commercial building located at Scranton, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1926, and alterations were made around 1991.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
Lackawanna County (/ˌlækəˈwɒnə/; Unami: Lèkaohane) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It had a population of 215,615 in 2022. Its county seat and most populous city is Scranton. The county is part of the Northeast region of the commonwealth.

The county was created on August 13, 1878, following decades of trying to gain its independence from Luzerne County. Lackawanna was Pennsylvania's last county to be created, and the only county to be created after the American Civil War. It is named for the Lackawanna River.

Lackawanna County is the second largest county in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton, PA Metropolitan statistical area. It lies northwest of the Pocono Mountains approximately 40 miles (64 km) from the New Jersey border in Montague Township, and approximately 25 miles (40 km) from New York state in Kirkwood. The Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the Delaware River, flows through Lackawanna County.
Konchananeshwar
Phra Konchananeshvar (also spelled Phra Konchanatneshvar or Phra Phinai) is a Thai deity associated with elephants, portrayed with a human body and the head of an elephant. He appears in two key Rattanakosin period texts: the Elephant Treatise (Tamra Chang) and the Twenty Incarnations of Narayana (Khamphi Narai Yisip Pang).

Although he resembles Ganesha, Phra Konchananeshvar is worshipped in Thailand as the teacher of elephant doctors in the traditional science of elephant care (kachasat).  
Notably, this figure does not appear in any Hindu scriptures from India.

In the Ramakien, Phra Phinai incarnates as Niluek, one of the Eighteen Monkey Generals (wanor sip paet mongkut) of Chomphu city, and is credited as the first monkey to discover Phra Phiphek.

Vibhishana
Vibhishana (Sanskrit: विभीषण, romanized: Vibhīṣaṇa, lit. 'formidable') is the younger brother of Ravana, the King of Lanka, in the ancient Indian epic Ramayana, and one of the eight Chiranjivis. Though a rakshasa himself, Vibhishana turned his back on Ravana, and defected to Rama's side, owing to his dharma. After Rama defeated Ravana, the former crowned Prince Vibhishana as the King of Lanka before returning to Ayodhya.
Niuatoputapu
Niuatoputapu (The Sacred Niua) is a volcanic island in the island nation of Tonga, Pacific Ocean.  Its highest point is 157 metres (515 ft), and its area is 16 square kilometres (6.2 sq mi). Its name means sacred island. Older  names for the island are Traitors Island or Keppel Island.

Niuatoputapu is located in the north of the Tonga island group, 300 kilometres (190 miles) away from Vavaʻu near the border with Samoa. Its closest neighbours are the small island of Tafahi, which is only 9 km (6 mi) to the north-northeast, and the island of Niuafo'ou. Those three islands together form the administrative division of the Niuas. Niuatoputapu Airport accepts international flights. The population was 719 in 2021. Until several centuries ago, the inhabitants spoke the Niuatoputapu language, but it was replaced by the Tongan language and went extinct. Nevertheless, the variety of Tongan spoken on Niuatoputapu contains elements of Samoan, ʻUvean, and Futunan.

Volcanic island
Geologically, a volcanic island is an island of volcanic origin. The term high island can be used to distinguish such islands from low islands, which are formed from sedimentation or the uplifting of coral reefs (which have often formed on sunken volcanoes).
Ibrahim Yetim
Ibrahim Yetim (born 14 March 1965 in Dinslaken) is a German politician. From 2010 to 2023, he was a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia. He has served as chairman of the Social Democratic Party in Moers since 2008.

Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
The Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia is the state parliament (Landtag) of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which convenes in the state capital of Düsseldorf, in the eastern part of the district of Hafen. The parliament is the central legislative body in the political system of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition to the passage of laws, its most important tasks are the election of the Minister-President of the state and the administration of the government. The current government is a coalition of the CDU and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Hendrik Wüst since June 2022.

The most recent state election took place on 15 May 2022.
Starsailor (album)
Starsailor is the sixth studio album by Tim Buckley, released on Herb Cohen's Straight Records label in November 1970. Starsailor marks Buckley's full embrace of avant-garde and jazz-rock styles into his music. Although it alienated elements of his fanbase upon release, it also contains his best known song, "Song to the Siren", which was written much earlier than the rest of the material. Bunk Gardner, a former member of the Mothers of Invention, joined Buckley's backing band to record the album. Also, Buckley began working again with lyricist Larry Beckett, after a three-album hiatus.

Leontyne Price attended a concert in New York City during the supporting tour and told Buckley, "Boy, I wish they were writing things like that for us opera singers," to which Buckley responded, "Well, do what I did; get your own band."

Avant-garde music
Avant-garde music is music that is considered to be at the forefront of innovation in its field, with the term avant-garde implying a critique of existing aesthetic conventions, rejection of the status quo in favor of unique or original elements, and the idea of deliberately challenging or alienating audiences. Avant-garde music may be distinguished from experimental music by the way it adopts an extreme position within a certain tradition, whereas experimental music lies outside tradition.
Shotgate Thickets
Shotgate Thickets is a 3.2-hectare (7.9-acre) nature reserve east of Wickford in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.

This site on the north bank of the River Crouch has oak woodland, two ponds, rough grassland and thorn thickets. Fauna include great crested newts, water voles, and over seventy bird species. More than a hundred plant species have been recorded, such as golden dock and dyer's greenweed.

There is access by a footpath along the river bank from Battlesbridge.

European water vole
The European water vole (Arvicola amphibius) or northern water vole is a semi-aquatic rodent. It is often informally called the water rat, though it only superficially resembles a true rat. Water voles have rounder noses than rats, deep brown fur, chubby faces and short fuzzy ears; unlike rats their tails, paws and ears are covered with hair.

In the wild, on average, water voles only live about five months. Maximum longevity in captivity is two and a half years.
The Factory (2018 film)
The Factory (Russian: Завод, romanized: Zavod) is a 2018 crime thriller film directed and written by Yuri Bykov. It stars Denis Shvedov and Andrey Smolyakov. It screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival.

2018 Toronto International Film Festival
The 43rd annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from September 6 to 16, 2018. In June 2018, the TIFF organizers announced a program to ensure that at least 20 percent of all film critics and journalists given press accreditation to the festival were members of underrepresented groups, such as women and people of color. The People's Choice Award was won by Green Book, directed by Peter Farrelly.
Grand Prix World's Best High Altitude
The Grand Prix World's Best High Altitude was a men's and women's one-day road cycling race held in Turkey in 2020. It is rated as a 1.2 event on the UCI Europe Tour. Anatoliy Budyak of the Ukrainian national team and Mariia Novolodskaia of the Moscow regional team won the men's and women's events, respectively.

Maria Novolodskaya
Maria Yuryevna Novolodskaya (Russian: Мария Юрьевна Новолодская, IPA: [mɐˈrʲijə ˈjʉrʲjɪvnə nəvɐˈlotskəjə]; born 28 July 1999) is a Russian track and road racing cyclist, who rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Lifeplus Wahoo from 2023. She rode in the women's time trial event at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships and took the silver medal in the under-23 time trial at the 2019 European Road Championships.
Roger Lawson Gamble
Roger Lawson Gamble (1787 – December 20, 1847) was a United States representative and lawyer from Georgia.

Born near Louisville, in 1787, Gamble studied law, was admitted to the state bar in 1815 and began practicing law in Louisville. He was an officer in the War of 1812. Gamble served in the Georgia House of Representatives in 1814 and 1815.

Gamble was elected in 1832 as a Jacksonian to the 23rd United States Congress and served one term from March 4, 1833, until March 3, 1835, as he unsuccessfully ran for reelection in 1834. He was elected to the U.S. House again as a Whig to represent Georgia in the 27th U.S. Congress and served one term from March 4, 1841, until March 3, 1843, as his lost his reelection bid for a second term in that seat in 1842. From 1845 to 1847, Gamble served as a judge of the superior court of Georgia. He died in Augusta, Georgia, on December 20, 1847, and was buried in Old Capitol Cemetery in Louisville.

27th United States Congress
The 27th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., between March 4, 1841, and March 4, 1843, during the one-month presidency of William Henry Harrison and the first two years of the presidency of his successor, John Tyler. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1830 United States census. Both chambers had a Whig majority, making the 27th Congress the only Whig-controlled Congress of the Second Party System.
Fort Bascom
Fort Bascom, established in 1863 in New Mexico Territory, is located on the Canadian River in Quay County, New Mexico, slightly west of the Texas border, 10 miles north of Tucumcari, New Mexico.

The fort was named in honor of Captain George Nicholas Bascom, who was killed during the American Civil War on February 21, 1862, while defending Fort Craig against Confederate forces in the Battle of Val Verde, New Mexico.

It was one of a series of forts established by General James Henry Carleton to control the Comanches and Kiowas who frequented the Staked Plains of Texas and the Rio Grande. It also was to stop trade of stolen goods by the so-called Comancheros.

Kit Carson engaged the Comanches and Kiowas in the First Battle of Adobe Walls in the heart of the Texas Panhandle.

The fort was abandoned in 1870.

Llano Estacado
The Llano Estacado (Spanish: [ˈʝano estaˈkaðo]), sometimes translated into English as the Staked Plains, is a region in the Southwestern United States encompassing parts of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas.  One of the largest mesas or tablelands on the North American continent, the elevation rises from 3,000 feet (900 m) in the southeast to over 5,000 feet (1,500 m) in the northwest, sloping almost uniformly at about 10 feet per mile (2 m/km).
6th Assault Aviation Corps
The 6th Assault Aviation Corps was a ground attack formation of the Red Air Force in the Second World War. The corps formed in December 1943. Among the formations part of the corps were the 197th, 198th, 2nd Guards, and 11th Guards Assault Aviation Divisions. It fought in Operation Bagration, the Lublin–Brest Offensive, the Vistula–Oder Offensive, the East Pomeranian Offensive, and the Berlin Offensive.  For its actions during World War II the corps was awarded the honorific title "Lublin" and the Order of the Red Banner. Postwar, it was stationed in what would become East Germany. On 10 January 1949 the corps became the 75th Lublin  Red Banner Assault Aviation Corps. It was disbanded in 1956 due to the obsolescence of its attack aircraft.

East Pomeranian offensive
The East Pomeranian strategic offensive operation (Russian: Восточно-Померанская наступательная операция) was an offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front. It took place in Pomerania and West Prussia from 10 February – 4 April 1945.

The operation happened in four phases:

Konitz-Köslin offensive operation 24 February – 6 March 1945

Danzig offensive operation 7–31 March 1945

Arnswalde–Kolberg offensive operation 1–18 March 1945

Altdamm offensive operation 18 March – 4 April 1945 (near Stettin)

It was the East Pomeranian offensive that prevented Zhukov from reaching Berlin in February (the object of the massive Vistula–Oder offensive), since it became a priority to clear German forces from Pomerania first.
Don Schlundt
Don Schlundt (March 15, 1933 — October 10, 1985) was an American college basketball player. He was born in St. Joseph County, Indiana, to Martin and Anna (née Bodtke) Schlundt. He died in Indianapolis.

St. Joseph County, Indiana
St. Joseph County, colloquially called St. Joe County by residents, is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 272,912, making it the fifth-most populous county in Indiana. Formed in 1830, it was named for the St. Joseph River which flows through it to Lake Michigan. The county seat is South Bend. St. Joseph County is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN–MI "Michiana", Metropolitan Statistical Area.
DI MA-1 Mk. III
The DI MA-1 Mk. III is a family of Myanma-made Bullpup assault rifles chambered for 5.56×45mm NATO, based on the QBZ-97s that were exported to Myanmar in 2009. Despite claims that Myanmar made them as an indigenous weapon, the MA-1 Mk. IIIs were made without any licensing agreements with China.

The MA designation on the weapon means Myanmar Army.

5.56×45mm NATO
The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO, commonly pronounced "five-five-six") is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire intermediate cartridge family developed in the late 1970s in Belgium by FN Herstal. It consists of the SS109, L110, and SS111 cartridges. On 28 October 1980, under STANAG 4172, it was standardized as the second standard service rifle cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. Though they are not identical, the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge family was derived from the .223 Remington cartridge designed by Remington Arms in the early 1960s, which has a near-identical case. However, firing chamber dimensions differ slightly between rifles manufactured for the designated cartridges. The differences may cause unsafe chamber pressures when firing 5.56 NATO in rifles designed for .223 Remington. Therefore, this combination is not recommended.
Ryū (school)
Ryū (流; mainly used as a suffix, meaning style, type, form, manner, system, school, used here in the sense of ryūha (流派, a school or a school of thought)) is the Japanese term referring to a school in any discipline. The kanji itself is commonly used as a suffix.

In English, the word is frequently used to refer to schools of Japanese martial art, although it can also be found used in other disciplines (for example Nihon-koryū and Sōgetsu-ryū in ikebana, Kantei-ryū in calligraphy, etc.).

School of thought
A  school of thought, or intellectual tradition, is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement.
Solomons United Methodist Church
Solomons United Methodist Church is an historic United Methodist church building located at 14454 Solomon's Island Road, South, in Solomons, Calvert County, Maryland.  The current pastor is the Rev. Dottie Yunger.

Calvert County, Maryland
Calvert County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 92,783. Its county seat is Prince Frederick. The county's name is derived from the family name of the Barons of Baltimore, the proprietors of the English Colony of Maryland. Calvert County is included in the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria metropolitan statistical area. It occupies the Calvert Peninsula, which is bordered on the east by Chesapeake Bay and on the west by the Patuxent River. The county has one of the highest median household incomes in the United States. It is one of the older counties in Maryland, after St. Mary's, Kent, and Anne Arundel Counties. The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state.