hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turner Butler
Turner Butler (July 7, 1869 – January 19, 1938) was a politician and judge who served as justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court from 1929 to 1938.

Born in Poplar Bluff, Missouri, Butler became a farmer and store clerk before studying law. In 1894 and 1896 he was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives. He was elected to the Arkansas Senate in 1898.

In 1914 he was elected to be a Circuit Judge for the Tenth Judicial Circuit where he served until 1929. In 1929, Butler was appointed to a seat on the state supreme court vacated by the retirement of Justice Carroll D. Wood. and served thereafter until his death.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
JS Kumano
JS Kumano (FFM-2) is the second ship of the Mogami-class frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). She was named after Kumano River and shares her name with a World War II heavy cruiser Kumano and Cold War destroyer escort Kumano.

Kumano River
The Kumano River (熊野川, Kumanogawa) is a river in the Kii Peninsula of central Japan, located in Nara, Wakayama and Mie Prefectures. It is 183 kilometres (114 mi) long and has a watershed of 2,630 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi).

The river rises from Mount Ōmine in the Yoshino-Kumano National Park in Tenkawa, Nara and follows a generally southward course to drain into the Pacific Ocean on the border between Shingū, Wakayama and Kihō, Mie. The river is part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which incorporates nature scenery of the Kii peninsula with numerous Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines forming a pilgrimage route.

Municipalities through which the river passes are:

Nara Prefecture
Tenkawa, Nara
Gojō, Nara
Totsukawa, Nara

Wakayama Prefecture
Tanabe, Wakayama
Shingū, Wakayama

Mie Prefecture
Kumano, Mie
Kihō, Mie
LBJ/Central station
LBJ/Central station is a DART rail station in Dallas, Texas that serves the Red Line and Orange Line. During non-peak hours (mornings, evenings, and weekends), it serves as the eastern terminus of the Orange Line.

The station is named for the intersection of Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway (I-635) and North Central Expressway (US 75), which it is adjacent to. The station services the two Dallas campuses of Texas Instruments through employee shuttles. It also services Dallas College Richland Campus through a bus route.

High Five Interchange
The High Five Interchange is one of the first five-level stack interchanges built in Dallas, Texas. Located at the junction of the Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway (Interstate 635, or I-635) and the Central Expressway (U.S. Highway 75, or US 75), it replaces an antiquated combination interchange constructed in the 1960s.

The $261 million (equivalent to $434 million in 2024) project was started in 2002 and completed in December 2005; 13 months ahead of schedule. It was designed by HNTB and built by Zachry Construction Corporation.

The interchange is considered by Popular Mechanics to be one of "The World's 18 Strangest Roadways" because of its height (as high as a 12-story building), its 43 permanent bridges, and other unusual design and construction features. In 2006, the American Public Works Association (APWA) named the High Five Interchange as "Public Works Project of the Year".
1986 Norwegian Second Division
The 1986 2. divisjon was a Norway's second-tier football league season.

The league was contested by 24 teams, divided into two groups; A and B. The winners of group A and B were promoted to the 1987 1. divisjon. The second placed teams met the 10th position finisher in the 1. divisjon in a qualification round where the winner was promoted to 1. divisjon. The bottom three teams inn both groups were relegated to the 3. divisjon.

Moss won group A with 35 points and Brann won group B with 35 points. Both teams promoted to the 1987 1. divisjon. The second-placed teams, Drøbak/Frogn and Vidar met Tromsø  in the promotion play-offs. Tromsø won the qualification and remained in the 1. divisjon.

Norwegian Second Division
The Norwegian Second Division, also called 2. divisjon is the third-highest level of the Norwegian football league system.

There are 28 teams divided into two groups, and at the end of the season the winner of each group earns promotion to the second-highest division, 1. divisjon. The teams finishing in second place in their respective group will qualify for the promotion play-offs, where they will face each other. The winner will play against the 14th placed team in 1. divisjon for promotion. The bottom three teams in each group are relegated to 3. divisjon.

2. divisjon is the highest league a reserve team can participate in, and only reserve teams from the Eliteserien clubs (first tier) are allowed to enter. The participation of reserve teams stirs debate from time to time.
Steen's cane syrup
Steen's cane syrup is a traditional American sweetener made by the simple concentration of cane juice through long cooking in open kettles.  The result is a dark, "caramel–flavored, burnt gold–colored syrup," "deep and slightly sulfurous" with a "lightly bitter backlash."  It is sweeter than molasses because no refined sugar is removed from the product.

Steen's syrup has been made since 1910 in Abbeville, Louisiana, by C. S. Steen's Syrup Mill, Inc. Its packaging is marked by a bright yellow label. Steen's has been called a "Southern icon" and essential for "sweet Southern dishes". While Steen's is the best known remaining producer of unrefined cane syrup, a few other manufacturers can be found elsewhere in the South.

Traditional cane syrup has been called "one of the basic flavors of southern Louisiana." The syrup, and Steen's manufacturing process, are described by Slow Food USA in their Ark of Taste as an endangered slow food product.

Slow Food
Slow Food is an organization that promotes local food and traditional cooking. It was founded by Carlo Petrini in Italy in 1986 and has since spread worldwide. Promoted as an alternative to fast food, it strives to preserve traditional and regional cuisine and encourages farming of plants, seeds, and livestock characteristic of the local ecosystem. It promotes local small businesses and sustainable foods. It also focuses on food quality, rather than quantity. It was the first established part of the broader slow movement. It speaks out against overproduction and food waste. It sees globalization as a process in which small and local farmers and food producers should be simultaneously protected from and included in the global food system.
Guy Gregson-Ellis
Guy Saxon Llewellyn Gregson-Ellis MC (3 November 1895 – 12 August 1969) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer. He had a military career that spanned 32 years and two world wars, as well as appearing in four first-class cricket matches for the Europeans cricket team in British India.

World war
A world war is an international conflict that involves most or all of the world's major powers. Conventionally, the term is reserved for the two major international conflicts that occurred during the first half of the 20th century: World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Some historians have also characterized other global conflicts as world wars, such as the Cold War and the War on terror.
Kitchener Canucks
The Kitchener Canucks were a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey Association from 1954 to 1956. The team was based in Kitchener, Ontario, and played home games at the Kitchener Memorial Auditorium.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Guadalupe Hayes-Mota
Guadalupe Hayes-Mota (born April 30, 1986) is an American biotechnologist, entrepreneur, policy advisor, writer and author. He is the CEO of Healr Solutions, a Senior Lecturer at MIT, Director of Bioethics Program at Santa Clara University, and a Massachusetts Rare Disease Advisory Council Member.

Political consulting
Political consulting is a form of consulting that consists primarily of advising and assisting political campaigns. Although the most important role of political consultants is arguably the development and production of mass media (largely television, direct mail, and digital advertising), consultants advise campaigns on many other activities, ranging from opposition research and voter polling, to field strategy and get out the vote efforts.
Riverside Stadium (Victoria)
Riverside Stadium is a ballpark located in Victoria, Texas, which is the current home of the UHV Jaguars baseball team and the Victoria Generals of the Texas Collegiate League. It is the former home of the Victoria Rosebuds, who played in the AA classification Texas League from 1958 to 1961.  The stadium was opened in 1947 as a part of Riverside Park.

Victoria, Texas
Victoria is a city in and the county seat of Victoria County, Texas, United States. The population was 65,534 as of the 2020 census. The three counties of the Victoria Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 111,163 as of the 2000 census. Its elevation is 95 ft (29 m).

Victoria is located 30 miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico. It is a two-hour drive from Corpus Christi, Houston, San Antonio, and Austin.

The city is named for General Guadalupe Victoria, who became the first president of independent Mexico.  It is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria in Texas.
The Ultimate Kansas
The Ultimate Kansas is the fourth compilation from the band Kansas. It was originally released in 2002, and focuses solely on their Kirshner period from their debut album Kansas in 1974, up to and including Drastic Measures in 1983. The collection was rereleased in 2008 under the title Essential Kansas 3.0 as part of the Sony/BMG Legacy series of that name, with an additional "bonus disc" with seven additional songs, and featuring "eco-friendly" packaging.

Kansas (band)
Kansas is an American Organ rock band formed in Topeka, Kansas in 1973. They became popular during the 1970s initially on album-oriented rock charts and later with hit singles such as "Carry On Wayward Son" and "Dust in the Wind". The band has produced nine gold albums, three multi-platinum albums (Leftoverture 5x, Point of Know Return 4×, and The Best of Kansas 4×), one other platinum studio album (Monolith), one platinum live double album (Two for the Show), and a million-selling single, "Dust in the Wind". Kansas appeared on the US Billboard charts for over 200 weeks throughout the 1970s and 1980s and played to sold-out arenas and stadiums throughout North America, Europe and Japan. "Carry On Wayward Son" was the second-most-played track on US classic rock radio in 1995 and No. 1 in 1997. Jason Ankeny of AllMusic referred to Kansas as "staples" of classic rock radio.
Westshore Rebels
The Westshore Rebels are a Canadian junior football team based in Langford, British Columbia. The Rebels play in the B.C. Football Conference, which itself is part of the Canadian Junior Football League (CJFL) and competes annually for the national title known as the Canadian Bowl. The club has operated continuously since the late 1960s in Victoria, having previously been known as the Sharks, Payless, and the Hornets. The team rejoined the BCJFA in 1985 as the Victoria Payless, and changed the name to the Rebels in 1988. They were the BCFL champions in 2003.

Langford, British Columbia
Langford is a city on southern Vancouver Island in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Langford is one of the 13 component municipalities of Greater Victoria and is within the Capital Regional District. Langford was incorporated in 1992 and has a population of over 40,000 people, the largest municipality in the Western Communities, and third-largest in the Capital Regional District after Saanich and Victoria.

Its motto is "Golden in setting, determined in Spirit," containing a reference to the natural beauty of the City of Langford, specifically Goldstream Provincial Park, and a comment on the community's drive to enhance Langford's special character and future.
Hoosier Crossroads Conference
The Hoosier Crossroads Conference is a member conference of the Indiana High School Athletic Association. Teams first competed in the conference in the 2000–2001 school year. The HCC contains eight high schools in the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area. There are two schools in Hendricks County, one in Boone County, four in Hamilton County, and one in Marion County.

Hendricks County, Indiana
Hendricks County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 174,788. The county seat is the town of Danville. Hendricks County is the third most populous county in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Hendricks County is currently the second fastest-growing county in Indiana and 85th in the nation.
Abuna Atnatewos II
Abuna Atnatewos II (Athanasius) was an Egyptian Copt who served as the Abuna or head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (1869–1876).

Originally a Coptic bishop from Egypt, he was brought to Ethiopia by Emperor Yohannes IV, who raised the $20,000 to pay Cyril V, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church.

Abuna Atnatewos actively worked against the influence of Catholic missionaries; Asseggahen wrote to Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie that Atnatewos anathematized the Catholic bishop Massaia, and threatened to excommunicate the inhabitants of Shewa were they to associate with him.

The Abuna supported Emperor Yohannes' campaign against the Egyptian attempt to annex Hamasien. It is reported that Abuna Atnatewos was wounded at the Battle of Gura, later dying on 29 June 1876.

Battle of Gura
The Battle of Gura was fought on 7–10 March 1876 between the Ethiopian Empire and the Khedivate of Egypt near the town of Gura in Eritrea. It was the second and decisive major battle of the Ethiopian–Egyptian War.
Qurn Hulya
Qurn Hulya (Arabic: قرن حليه; also transliterated Qarn Halyah or Qorn Haliyeh) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Jableh District in Latakia Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qurn Hulya had a population of 1,053 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are Alawites. The village is situated on the approaches of Jabal al-Sha'ra, one of the highest points of the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range, built on a rocky cliff in between two ravines.

It was among the Alawite villages which revolted or resisted Ottoman authority in the period immediately following the Ottoman conquest of Syria in 1517. In 1519, it was recorded to have 500 inhabitants. By 1547, Qurn Hulya was no longer in a state of rebellion and was recorded to have paid 480 dirhems or piasters and its inhabitants were classified as part of the Alawite Kalbiyya tribal confederation. By 1645, 4,600 dirhems were assessed from the village, according to tax records.

Dirham
The dirham, dirhem or drahm is a unit of currency and of mass. It is the name of the currencies of Morocco, the United Arab Emirates and Armenia, and is the name of a currency subdivision in Jordan, Libya, Qatar and Tajikistan. It was historically a silver coin.
Decorations of the President of Ukraine for Humanitarian Participation in the Anti-Terrorist Operation
The Decorations of the President of Ukraine for Humanitarian Participation in the Anti-Terrorist Operation (Ukrainian: Відзнака Президента України «За гуманітарну участь в антитерористичній операції», romanized: Vidznaka Prezydenta Ukrainy «Za humanitarnu uchast v antyterorystychnii operatsii») is the state award of Ukraine and was established by the President of Ukraine to honor those who deserve recognition for their contributions to counterterrorism operations in the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts, including employees of businesses, institutions, and organizations, as well as other individuals who actively participated in such operations or voluntarily ensured their successful execution.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Ukraine
Awards and decorations of Ukraine are medals and orders granted by the President of Ukraine for meritorious achievements in national defense, state improvement, and the development of democracy and human rights. Awards may also be issued to military personnel of the Ukrainian Armed Forces and worn in conjunction with awards and decorations of the Ukrainian military.

This article lists major orders, decorations, medals, honorary titles, state prizes, and presidential distinctions of Ukraine.
Big Rock Formation
The Big Rock Formation is a formation that crops out in the Tusas Mountains of northern New Mexico. Detrital zircon geochronology gives a maximum age for the formation of 1665 Mya, corresponding to the Statherian period.

Statherian
The Statherian ( /stəˈθɪəriən/; Ancient Greek: σταθερός, romanized: statherós, meaning "stable, firm") is the fourth and final geologic period in the Paleoproterozoic Era, lasting from 1800 to 1600 million years ago (Ma) and spanning 200 million years. It follows the Orosirian Period and precedes the Calymmian Period, with the latter belonging to the Mesoproterozoic Era. Instead of being based on stratigraphy, these dates are defined chronometrically.

The period was characterized on most continents by either new platforms or final cratonization of fold belts. Oxygen levels were 10% to 20% of current values.

Rafatazmia, controversially claimed to be present in Statherian beds in India, may be the oldest known confirmably eukaryotic fossil organism.

By the beginning of the Statherian, the supercontinent Columbia had assembled.

Approximately 1.7 billion years ago, natural nuclear fission reactors were generating power in what is now Oklo, Gabon.
Vićentije Rakić
Vićentije Rakić (29 April 1750 – 29 March 1818) was a Serbian writer, poet, priest, philanthropist and a disciple of Dositej Obradović. He founded the School of Theology (now part of the University of Belgrade) when in 1810 he headed a newly established theological college and in 1812 the first students graduated from it.

Šabac
Šabac (Serbian Cyrillic: Шабац, pronounced [ʃâbat͡s]) is a city and the administrative centre of the Mačva District in western Serbia. The traditional centre of the fertile Mačva region, Šabac is located on the right banks of the river Sava. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has population of 51,163, while its administrative area comprises 105,432 inhabitants.
Journal of Cinema and Media Studies
The Journal of Cinema and Media Studies (formerly Cinema Journal and The Journal of the Society of Cinematologists) is the official academic journal of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies (formerly the Society for Cinema Studies). It covers film studies, television studies, media studies, visual arts, cultural studies, film and media history, and moving image studies and is published by the University of Michigan Press.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
Mamed Aghaev
Mamed Aghaev (born 26 May 1976) is a retired Russian-born freestyle wrestler of Chechen descent. He switched to the Armenian national wrestling team in 1999. Aghaev began wrestling in 1987 and was part of the Ajastam Armenia club in Vanadzor. He won a silver medal at the 2003 European Wrestling Championships in Riga and competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

European Wrestling Championships
The European Wrestling Championships is the second oldest international wrestling competition of the modern world and the main wrestling championships in Europe. It predates World Wrestling Championships and other regional wrestling championships and is second only to the wrestling events at the Olympics. From its inception in 1898 till 1927 only Greco-Roman wrestling was contested. Since 1929 separate freestyle wrestling events were held as well. Since 1970 the two Olympic wrestling styles were contested together during the same unified events. Since 1973 Sambo wrestling was included into the championships programme along with GR and freestyle wrestling (subsequently discontinued and from 1983 contested separately). Since 2014 associated traditional wrestling styles recognized globally by UWW were incorporated into the annual championships schedule.
Internet censorship and surveillance in Africa
Unclassified / No data

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in Africa provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in Africa.

Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the Freedom on the Net reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.

Censorship by country
Censorship by country collects information on censorship, Internet censorship, freedom of the press, freedom of speech, and human rights by country and presents it in a sortable table, together with links to articles with more information. In addition to countries, the table includes information on former countries, disputed countries, political sub-units within countries, and regional organizations.