hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jef Verschueren
Jef Verschueren is a Belgian linguist, academic, and author. He is an emeritus professor of Linguistics at the University of Antwerp.

Verschueren is most known for his work on semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis. Among his authored works are his publications in academic journals, including Journal of Pragmatics, Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Pragmatics, and Language in Society as well as books such as Handbook of Pragmatics, Debating Diversity, Analysing the Discourse of Tolerance, Ideology in Language Use and Complicity in discourse and practice.

Verschueren is a member of the Academy of Europe and co-founded the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) in 1986, where he serves as its Secretary General.

University of Antwerp
The University of Antwerp (Dutch: Universiteit Antwerpen) is a major Belgian university located in the city of Antwerp. The official abbreviation is UAntwerp. The University of Antwerp has about 20,000 students, which makes it the third-largest university in Flanders. The University of Antwerp is characterised by its high standards in education, internationally competitive research and entrepreneurial approach. It was founded in 2003 after the merger of three smaller universities.
Sadame Sugimura
Sadame Sugimura (杉村サダメ, Sugimura Sadame; December 29, 1911 – September 19, 1970) was a Japanese serial killer who poisoned four women in Kumamoto Prefecture between November and December 1960, killing three and crippling the fourth. For her crimes, she was sentenced to death and subsequently executed.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
Hampton Charles, Herefordshire
Hampton Charles is a dispersed hamlet and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, and approximately 5 miles (8 km) north-west from Bromyard. The Herefordshire parish of Hatfield and Newhampton is at the south-west and Thornbury at the south-east; the Worcestershire parish of Bockleton is at the north-west, Kyre at the north, and Stoke Bliss at the north-east.

In the 1870s Hampton Charles was a hamlet in the civil parish of Bockleton, with a population of 87 in 20 houses.

Thornbury, Herefordshire
Thornbury is a village in Herefordshire, England, 5.5 km (3.4 mi) north of the town of Bromyard. The population of the village as taken at the 2011 census was 197.
The village has one church. To the north of Thornbury is Thornbury Court. Two tributaries of the River Frome surround the village.
600 mm gauge railways in Germany
A list of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow-gauge railways in Germany.

Germany had extensive 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) installations which were used as a common-carrier railway, industrial, mining, peat, agricultural and hospital railways.

In addition, park and children's railways were constructed.

During both World Wars, extensive military railways were constructed, the so-called trench railways and Heeresfeldbahnen.

Children's railway
A children's railway or pioneer railway is an extracurricular educational institution, where children interested in rail transport can learn railway professions. This phenomenon originated in the USSR and was greatly developed in Soviet times. The world's first children's railway was opened in Gorky Park, Moscow, in 1932. At the breakup of the USSR, 52 children's railways existed in the country.

Many children's railways are still functioning in post-Soviet states and Eastern European countries. Many feature railway technology not seen anymore on the main lines and can be considered heritage railways. Though few exceptions exist, most children's railways built in the Eastern Bloc have a track gauge of at least 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) and can carry full size narrow gauge rolling stock.
Wat Sanuan Wari Phatthanaram
Wat Sanuan Wari Phatthanaram (Thai: วัดสนวนวารีพัฒนาราม) is a Mahā Nikāya Theravāda Buddhist temple, or wat, in Hua Nong, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Constructed in the early 1920s, is known for its Isan hup taem (ฮูปแต้ม, 'mural painting' in Isan) depicting scenes from the Vessantara Jātaka and Sang Sinxay decorating the ordination hall (สิม, sim). A more modern, Bangkok-style wat was constructed on the site in 1997, with the old sim remaining in place for tourists and private ceremonies. Despite its value as a work of local Isan culture, the old sim has received only minimal preservation and restoration work.

Khon Kaen province
Khon Kaen (Thai: ขอนแก่น, pronounced [kʰɔ̌ːn kɛ̀n]; Northeastern Thai: ขอนแก่น, pronounced [kʰɔ̌ːn kɛ́n]) is one of Thailand's 76 provinces (changwat). It is a triply-landlocked province in central northeastern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north, clockwise) Nong Bua Lamphu, Udon Thani, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham, Buriram, Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum, Phetchabun, and Loei.
Anantapur Municipal Corporation
Anantapur Municipal Corporation, officially Anantapuramu Municipal Corporation, is a civic body of Anantapuram in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was constituted as a municipality in the year 1869 and upgraded to corporation in the year 1950. In 2004 Anantapur Municipality is upgraded to Anantapuram Municipal Corporation. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Anantapur Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

Municipal commissioner (India)
In India, the municipal commissioner or municipal secretary is the chief executive officer and administrative head of a municipal corporation. Unlike the mayor, who is the elected (directly or indirectly) ceremonial head, the municipal commissioner is a civil servant appointed by the state government.
Emporium Mall Pluit
Emporium Mall is a shopping mall located at Pluit, Jakarta, Indonesia. Emporium Pluit developed by PT. Pluit Propertindo a subsidiary of Agung Podomoro Land. The mall is located at Jl. Pluit Selatan Raya and Jl. Bridge Three, in North Jakarta. This location was previously complex Sasana Krida Sports Complex.

Emporium Pluit Mall was officially opened to the public on January 17, 2009. This mall is part of the 10 hectare CBD Pluit superblock consisting of malls, condominiums, housing, office buildings and a hotel.

This mall has a floor area of 61,243 m2 (659,210 sq ft) consisting of 2 basement floors, 5 main floors, and 3 floors for indoor parking area. The main tenants are Carrefour hypermarkets and Sogo department store. Some other tenants include: Gramedia, Emporium Pluit XXI, Electronic Solution, BreadTalk, J.CO, Ace Hardware and Starbucks. The food court area is located on the 4th floor, but there are also several restaurants on the other floors.

Gramedia
Gramedia Asri Media (commonly known as Gramedia) is a subsidiary of Kompas Gramedia Group that operates a chain of bookstores under the name Toko Buku Gramedia in several cities across Indonesia. The company was founded on February 2, 1970, starting with a small 25 m² bookstore in West Jakarta, and by 2023 it had grown to more than 120 stores spread across Indonesia. In addition to books, Gramedia Bookstore offers a variety of other products such as stationery, office supplies, sports equipment, musical instruments and computer products

Gramedia Bookstore was established by the founder P.K. Ojong since his goal was to distribute books across Indonesia.
Battle of Komarów (1914)
The Battle of Komarow (known in Russia as the Battle of Tomaszów) was a battle on the Eastern Front during World War I. It would prove a victory for the Austro-Hungarian forces, but one they would not be able to reproduce in the coming months of the war.

Tomaszów Lubelski
Tomaszów Lubelski [tɔˈmaʂuf luˈbɛlskʲi] is a town in south-eastern Poland with 19,365 inhabitants (2017). Situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, near Roztocze National Park, it is the capital of Tomaszów Lubelski County.
Charles William Nevill
Charles William Nevill (7 May 1815 – 7 June 1888) was a Welsh owner of a copper smelting company in Llanelli, and a Conservative Party politician. He was elected at the 1874 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Carmarthen Boroughs, but resigned from Parliament two years later, accepting the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds in 1876.

Caerfyrddin (constituency)
Caerfyrddin (Welsh: [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn]), also known as Carmarthen (English: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən), is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament, first contested at the 2024 general election, following the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies. It is currently represented by Ann Davies of Plaid Cymru.

In the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, the name is given as Caerfyrddin (Carmarthen). Of the twenty-five Welsh constituencies with names in both English and Welsh, Caerfyrddin is the only one where the Welsh name comes first followed by the English name in brackets (in each of the other cases, the opposite is true). Caerfyrddin is the form used by the UK Parliament.

A similar constituency existed between 1918 and 1997 under the name Carmarthen.
Ellen Marsvin
Ellen Marsvin (1 February 1572 – 11 November 1649) was a Danish noble, landowner and county administrator. She was the mother-in-law of King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway, the mother of Kirsten Munk (1598–1658) and grandmother of Leonora Christina Ulfeldt (1621–1698).

Parent-in-law
A parent-in-law is a person who has a legal affinity with another by being the parent of the other's spouse. Many cultures and legal systems impose duties and responsibilities on persons connected by this relationship. A person is a child-in-law to the parents of the spouse, who are in turn also the parents of those sibling-in-laws (if any) who are siblings of the spouse (as opposed to spouses of siblings). Together, the members of this family affinity group are called the in-laws.
Piccoli
Piccoli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrian Piccoli (born 1970), Australian politician

Anselmo Piccoli (1915–1992), Argentine artist

Bernardino Piccoli (1581–1636), Roman Catholic prelate

Carlo Piccoli (born 1970), former Italian paralympic swimmer

Constanza Piccoli (born 1992), Chilean actress and singer

Enrica Piccoli (born 1999), Italian synchronised swimmer

Fantasio Piccoli (1917–1981), Italian stage director

Flaminio Piccoli (1918–2000), Italian politician

Francesco De Piccoli (born 1937), Italian boxer

Gianluca Piccoli (born 1997), Italian footballer

Ivan Piccoli (born 1981), Italian footballer

James Piccoli (born 1991), Canadian cyclist

Marco Piccoli (born 2001), Italian footballer

Mariano Piccoli (born 1970), Italian cyclist

Michel Piccoli (1925–2020), French actor

Nestor Omar Piccoli (born 1965), Argentine footballer

Roberto Piccoli (born 2001), Italian footballer

Constanza Piccoli
Constanza Patricia Piccoli Molina (19 November 1992), also known as Coni Piccoli, is a Chilean actress and singer, who became known in Mega's children's series BKN and later in Karkú, aired by TVN and Nickelodeon. She has also been part of the cast of several telenovelas such as La familia de al lado and Aquí mando yo, among others.
El Santuario de Chimayo
El Santuario de Chimayó is a Roman Catholic church in Chimayo, New Mexico, United States. (Santuario is Spanish for "sanctuary".)  This shrine, a National Historic Landmark, is famous for the story of its founding and as a contemporary pilgrimage site.  It receives almost 300,000 visitors per year and has been called "no doubt the most important Catholic pilgrimage center in the United States."

Sanctuary
A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine, protected by ecclesiastical immunity. By the use of such places as a haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety. This secondary use can be categorized into human sanctuary, a safe place for people, such as a political sanctuary; and non-human sanctuary, such as an animal or plant sanctuary.
Hector (1781 ship)
Hector was launched at Bristol in 1781 as a West Indiaman. A new owner in 1802 sailed Hector as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She made one complete voyage transporting enslaved people before a French privateer captured her on her second such voyage after Hector had disembarked her captives.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Scots' Dike
The Scots' Dike or dyke is a three and a half mile / 5.25 km long linear earthwork, constructed by the English and the Scots in 1552 to mark the division of the Debatable Lands and thereby settle the exact boundary between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England.  The kingdoms were conjoined in 1707.

Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway
Gretna is a new town in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, originally part of the historic county of Dumfriesshire. It is located close to the A74(M) on the border of Scotland and England and near the mouths of the rivers Esk and Sark. Gretna was built from 1915 and is about 1km south of the older village Gretna Green.

The town is situated 22 mi (35 km) east-south-east of Dumfries, 8 mi (13 km) east of Annan, 10 mi (16 km) north-west of Carlisle, 88 mi (142 km) south-east of Glasgow and 89.5 mi (144 km) south of Edinburgh.
Mostafa Tabrizi
Mostafa Tabrizi (Persian: مصطفی تبریزی, born 15 March 1946 in Bojnourd) is a psychologist and counselor and reformist politician who was formerly represented Bojnourd constituency in the first term of the Parliament of Iran in the Islamic Consultative Assembly.

He is a professor at Allameh Tabatabai University and the director of Roozbeh Counseling Center. He was also the first representative of Bojnourd in the Islamic Consultative Assembly after the Islamic Revolution.

Allameh Tabataba'i University
Allameh Tabataba'i University (ATU; [ˌælɒːˈme tæbɒːtæbɒːˈʔiː] Persian: دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی, Dânešgâh-e allâme Tabâtabâyi) is the largest and the leading specialized public university in humanities and social sciences in Iran.
With 15,624 students and 422 full-time faculty members the university is under the supervision of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. It is named after Allameh Tabataba'i, a prominent Iranian sage and philosopher. In 2013, the Faculty of Statistics, Mathematics, and Computer Science was established to expand its academic scope.
Betta
Betta /ˈbɛtə/ is a large genus of small, active, often colorful, freshwater ray-finned fishes, in the gourami family (Osphronemidae). The best known Betta species is B. splendens, commonly known as the Siamese fighting fish and often kept as an aquarium pet.

Charles Tate Regan
Charles Tate Regan (1 February 1878 – 12 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. He did extensive work on fish classification schemes.

Born in Sherborne, Dorset, he was educated at Derby School and Queens' College, Cambridge and in 1901 joined the staff of the Natural History Museum, where he became Keeper of Zoology, and later director of the entire museum, in which role he served from 1927 to 1938.

Regan was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1917.

Regan mentored a number of scientists, among them Ethelwynn Trewavas, who continued his work at the British Natural History Museum.
Alsophila deckenii
Alsophila deckenii, synonym Cyathea deckenii, is a species of tree fern native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania and Mozambique, where it grows in wet forest at an altitude of 1350–2300 m. The trunk is erect and up to 10 m tall. Fronds are bipinnate and 2–3 m long. Characteristically of this species, the most basal one or two pairs of pinnae are reduced. The rachis and stipe range in colour from brown to dark brown or black-brown and are sparsely covered with a few scales. The scales are dark and narrow with a fragile margin of variable width. The stipe also has conical warts near the base. Sori are round and covered by large, thin indusia.

The specific epithet deckenii commemorates botanist Karl Klaus von der Decken (1833-1865).

Scale (zoology)
In zoology, a scale (Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized: lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate made out of keratin that grows out of vertebrate animals' skin to provide protection. In lepidopterans (butterflies and moths), scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, made out of chitin instead of keratin, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, with varying structure and function.

Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to the shape and class of an animal.
Dotson Ice Shelf
Dotson Ice Shelf is an ice shelf about 30 miles (50 km) wide between Martin Peninsula and Bear Peninsula on the coast of Marie Byrd Land in Antarctica. It was first mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey from air photos obtained by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in January 1947, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant William A. Dotson, US Navy, formerly Officer in Charge of the Ice Reconnaissance Unit of the Naval Oceanographic Office, killed in a plane crash in Alaska in November 1964 while on an ice reconnaissance mission.

Dotson Ice Shelf in east of map

Dotson Ice Shelf in west of map

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
Aferim!
Aferim! (English: Bravo!) is a 2015 Western tragicomedy film co-written and directed by Radu Jude and produced by Ada Solomon. It was screened in the main competition section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival, where Radu Jude won the Silver Bear for Best Director. It was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards.

Tragicomedy
Tragicomedy is a literary genre that blends aspects of both tragic and comic forms. Most often seen in dramatic literature, the term can describe either a tragic play which contains enough comic elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious play with a happy ending. Tragicomedy, as its name implies, invokes the intended response of both the tragedy and the comedy in the audience, the former being a genre based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis and the latter being a genre intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter.
Sean O'Brien (labor leader)
Sean M. O'Brien (born 1971 or 1972) is an American labor leader who is the General President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. He formerly served as the Vice President Eastern Region of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT).

O'Brien was the youngest person elected as President of Teamsters Local Union 25 and was the Secretary-Treasurer of New England Joint Council 10. O'Brien resigned from Local 25 and Joint Council 10 on March 1, 2022, in order to serve full-time as General President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. O'Brien was sworn into office as the 11th General President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters at the union's headquarters in Washington, D.C., on March 22, 2022.

Teamsters for a Democratic Union
Teamsters for a Democratic Union (TDU) is a grassroots rank and file organization whose goal is to reform the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), or Teamsters Union. The organization has chapters nationwide in the United States and Canada.
John Kerstens
Johannes Wilhelmus Maria "John" Kerstens (born 20 January 1965) is a Dutch politician and former trade union leader. As a member of the Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) he was an MP between 20 September 2012 and 23 March 2017.

Kerstens was vice president of the Federation Dutch Labour Movement (Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging) and president of affiliate union FNV Construction (FNV Bouw).

Kerstens studied law at Tilburg University. He has one daughter and a younger son and he lives in Arnhem.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
Alasmidonta wrightiana
Alasmidonta wrightiana, the Ochlockonee arcmussel, was a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

This species was endemic to the Ochlockonee River in Florida and Georgia. This river mussel is now extinct.

Unionidae
The Unionidae are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order Unionida, the bivalve molluscs sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.

The range of distribution for this family is world-wide. It is at its most diverse in North America, with about 297 recognised taxa, but China and Southeast Asia also support very diverse faunas.

Freshwater mussels occupy a wide range of habitats, but most often occupy lotic waters, i.e. flowing water such as rivers, streams and creeks.
Dermer
Dermer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brandon Dermer (born 1986), American film director

Bob Dermer (born 1946), Canadian actor

David Dermer (born 1963), American politician

Ed Dermer (born 1957), Australian politician

Lawrence Dermer (born 1962), American songwriter

Richard Dermer (1939–2014), American restaurateur

Ron Dermer (born 1971), American-born Israeli political consultant and diplomat

Thomas Dermer (c. 1590–1620), Americannavigator and explorer

Bob Dermer
Bob Dermer is a retired Canadian actor who first made his contributions to Canadian television in 1965 as an actor in Ottawa on a late-night serial called Milk and Honey, which ran for 200 episodes.

Prior to Readalong, Dermer was also on several Canadian children's shows such as Hi Diddle Day which ran for 10 years on the CBC followed by Pencil Box which ran for another six years.