hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beyens (Spanish family)
The brothers Josse Beyens and Cornelio Beyens, born respectively in 1666 and 1672 in a merchant family of Merxem near Antwerp, left to establish themselves in Cádiz in Spain at the end of the 17th century. They were the sons of Josse Beyens.

Merksem
Merksem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɛr(ə)ksɛm]; former spelling: Merxem) is a district of the municipality and city of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It has 47,525 inhabitants as of 2025.

It was a separate municipality until 1983. On 1 January 1983, it was absorbed into the municipality of Greater Antwerp whereby Merksem became one of the 9 districts.
Idaho's 7th legislative district
Idaho's 7th legislative district is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It currently comprises Idaho and Adams counties, as well as part of Nez Perce County.

It is currently represented by State Senator Cindy Carlson, Republican of Riggins, as well as state representatives Mike Kingsley, Republican of Lewiston, and Charlie Shepherd, Republican of Pollock.

Riggins, Idaho
Riggins is a city in the western United States in Idaho County, Idaho. Nestled deep in a canyon at the confluence of the Salmon and Little Salmon rivers in west central Idaho, it is approximately 150 highway miles (240 km) north of Boise, and 120 highway miles (190 km) south-southeast of Lewiston. The elevation is 1,821 feet (555 m) above sea level, and its population was 372 at the 2020 census.

U.S. Route 95, the only highway for the state connecting the Panhandle to the south, runs through Riggins as Main Street. Along this route, Riggins is the most northwestern town in the Mountain time zone; Pacific time begins just north of the city, across the Salmon River.
Plane Table Glacier
Plane Table Glacier (77°34′S 161°29′E﻿ / ﻿77.567°S 161.483°E﻿ / -77.567; 161.483) is a short, tapering glacier on the north side of Plane Table that extends part way down the south wall of Wright Valley, Victoria Land. It was named in 1997 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in association with Plane Table.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Plane Table Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
2018 World of Outlaws Craftsman Sprint Car Series
The 2018 World of Outlaws Craftsman Sprint Car Series was the 40th season of the winged sprint car series sanctioned by World Racing Group, competing throughout the United States. The season began with the DIRTcar Nationals at Volusia Speedway Park on February 9, and ended with the World of Outlaws World Finals at The Dirt Track at Charlotte on November 3. Donny Schatz defended his 2017 championship by winning his tenth title in 2018.

The 2018 season was the first to feature live video broadcast of every event available via pay-per-view on DIRTvision.

The season was marred by the death of Jason Johnson, following the race at Beaver Dam Raceway on June 23.

All Star Circuit of Champions
The All Star Circuit of Champions (abbreviated ASCoC) is an American motorsports sanctioning body of winged sprint car racing. It was founded in 1970 and purchased by Tony Stewart in the winter of 2015. High Limit Racing acquired the series from Stewart at the conclusion of their 2023 season.
Vellone–Sacro Monte funicular
The Vellone–Sacro Monte funicular (Italian: Funicolare Vellone-Sacro Monte) is a funicular railway in the town of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy. It connects the valley of the Vellone river with the village and sanctuary of Sacro Monte di Varese.

The line first opened in May 1909, and remained in service until August 1953. Service was first reinstated in July 2000, before being suspended in 2003 and reinstated in 2005. It shared its lower station with the Vellone–Campo dei Fiori funicular until both lines closed in 1953. The Campo dei Fiori line never reopened.

The funicular is operated by the Azienda Varesina Trasporti, and has the following technical parameters:

Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.
USS Perry (1843)
USS Perry was a brig commissioned by the United States Navy prior to the American Civil War. She was tasked by the Navy for various missions, including those related to diplomatic tensions with Paraguay, the Mexican–American War, the slave trade, and the American Civil War.  She was probably named after Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry.

Fernandina Beach, Florida
Fernandina Beach is a city in and the county seat of Nassau County, Florida, United States, in the state's northeastern corner. It is the northernmost city on Florida's Atlantic coast, situated on Amelia Island, and is one of the municipalities comprising Greater Jacksonville (formally the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area).

As of the 2020 census, Fernandina Beach had a population of 13,052.
Shayna McDowell
Shayna Maree McDowell (born 15 April 1989) is an Australian former professional tennis player.

McDowell, a player from the Sunshine Coast, was considered a bright prospect, ranked amongst the world's top 100 juniors. She represented Australia at the Junior Fed Cup.

In 2006 she made her WTA Tour main draw debut as a wildcard at the Canberra International, then a week later partnered Jessica Moore in the women's doubles main draw of the Australian Open.

Her career was derailed by shoulder injuries, which forced her to have keyhole surgery in 2008. After two years out of the game, she returned in 2010 and won an ITF tournament in Cantanhede, Portugal.

2006 Australian Open
The 2006 Australian Open was played between 16 and 29 January 2006.

Marat Safin could not defend his 2005 title, due to an injury he suffered in late 2005. Roger Federer won his second Australian Open title, defeating Marcos Baghdatis in the final in four sets. Serena Williams was unsuccessful in defending her 2005 title, losing in the third round against Daniela Hantuchová. Amélie Mauresmo won her first Australian Open title, defeating 2004 champion Justine Henin in the final; Henin-Hardenne was forced to retire at 1–6, 0–2 down due to a stomach virus. It began Henin-Hardenne's run of reaching the final of all four Grand Slam events, winning the French Open.
Rocky Mountains subalpine zone
The Rocky Mountains subalpine zone is the biotic zone immediately below tree line in the Rocky Mountains of North America.  In northern New Mexico, the subalpine zone occupies elevations approximately from 9,000 to 12,000 feet (2,700 to 3,700 m); while in northern Alberta, the subalpine zone extends from 1,350 to 2,300 metres (4,400 to 7,500 ft).

Pinus albicaulis
Pinus albicaulis, known by the common names whitebark pine, white bark pine, white pine, pitch pine, scrub pine, and creeping pine, is a conifer tree native to the mountains of the western United States and Canada, specifically subalpine areas of the Sierra Nevada, Cascade Range, Pacific Coast Ranges, Rocky Mountains, and Ruby Mountains. It shares the common name "creeping pine" with several other plants.

The whitebark pine is typically the highest-elevation pine tree found in these mountain ranges and often marks the tree line. Thus, it is often found as krummholz, trees growing close to the ground that have been dwarfed by exposure. In more favorable conditions, the trees may grow to 29 meters (95 ft) in height.
1815 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1815.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Valtorta, Lombardy
Valtorta (Bergamasque: Altòrta) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Bergamo.

Valtorta borders the following municipalities: Barzio, Cassiglio, Gerola Alta, Introbio, Ornica, Vedeseta.

Bergamasque dialect
The Bergamasque dialect  is the western variant of the Eastern Lombard group of the Lombard language. It is mainly spoken in the province of Bergamo and in the area around Crema, in central Lombardy.

Bergamasque has official status in the province of Bergamo, according to the Regional Law 25/2016.
Goetheanism
Goetheanism is a term commonly used in the context of anthroposophy and Waldorf education for a holistic oriented science methodology. The scientific works of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe are regarded as the paradigmatic foundation of this methodology. It was theoretically founded by Rudolf Steiner as editor and commentator of Goethe's scientific writings (1883-1897) and as author of an "Epistemology of Goethe's Worldview" (1886). Goetheanist research strives to combine empirical Methodology and holistic understanding of essence, with the aim to overcome the epistemological split between subject and object.

Holism
Holism is the interdisciplinary idea that systems possess properties as wholes apart from the properties of their component parts.
The aphorism "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts", typically attributed to Aristotle, is often given as a summary of this proposal. The concept of holism can inform the methodology for a broad array of scientific fields and lifestyle practices. When applications of holism are said to reveal properties of a whole system beyond those of its parts, these qualities are referred to as emergent properties of that system. Holism in all contexts is often placed in opposition to reductionism, a dominant notion in the philosophy of science that systems containing parts contain no unique properties beyond those parts. Proponents of holism consider the search for emergent properties within systems to be demonstrative of their perspective.
MS Europa
A number of motor ships have been named MS Europa after the mythical Europa and the continent of Europe:

MS Europa (1931), a cargo ship destroyed at Liverpool in 1941 during an air raid

MS Europa (1952), an ocean liner operated by Lloyd Tiestino (1952–1976)

MS Europa (1953), a combined ocean liner / cruise ship operated by the North German Lloyd (1965–1970) and Hapag-Lloyd (1970–1981)

MS Europa (1981), a cruise ship operated by Hapag-Lloyd (1981–1999)

MS Europa (1999), a cruise ship operated by Hapag-Lloyd (1999–present)

MS Europa 2 (2013), a cruise ship operated by Hapag-Lloyd (2013–present)

Additionally:

MS Silja Europa, a cruiseferry operated by Silja Line (1993–present)

Costa Europa, a cruise ship operated by Costa Cruises (2002–2010)

MS Marella Dream
MS Marella Dream was a cruise ship built in 1986 at the Meyer Werft shipyard in Papenburg, West Germany as Homeric for Home Lines, and their last newbuild to remain in active service. In 1988 she was sold to Holland America Line, renamed Westerdam, and in 1990 lengthened by 36.9 m (121 ft 1 in) at Meyer Werft. In 2002 she was transferred to the fleet of Costa Cruises and renamed Costa Europa. In April 2010 she was taken on a ten-year charter by Thomson Cruises, under the name Thomson Dream.

Following the 2017 renaming of Thomson Cruises to Marella Cruises, TUI Group also changed the ship's name to Marella Dream. She was retired from Marella Cruises in November 2020 and was sold, then broken up in 2022.
Comamonas badia
Comamonas badia is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, highly motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from activate sludge in Japan.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
Sleigh (surname)
Sleigh is a surname. At least one (H. C. Sleigh below) is pronounced "slee". Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur B. Sleigh (1821–1869), founder of the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph

Bernard Sleigh (1872–1954), English artist

Dan Sleigh (born 1938), South African novelist

Harold Sleigh (1867–1933), Australian shipowner and founder of Golden Fleece petroleum business

Julian Sleigh (1927–2013), South African Christian Community priest and author

Sylvia Sleigh (born 1935), American realist painter

Tom Sleigh, American poet, dramatist, essayist and academic

Violet Sleigh (born 1935), the first Miss Malaysia, and World War II prisoner of war

William Campbell Sleigh (1818–1887), English lawyer and politician

Dan Sleigh
Daniel (Dan) Sleigh was a South African historian, writer and conservationist. Sleigh is widely known for his writing and publications dealing with the history of the Cape in South Africa, which are in Afrikaans (with some works translated into English and Dutch).

His 2002 novel Eilande (Islands) is regarded as one of the quintessential historical novels set in time when the Dutch East India Company established a resupply outpost at the southwestern tip of Africa, now Cape Town.
Derrynoose
Derrynoose (from Irish Doire Núis, meaning 'oakwood of new milk') is a village and civil parish in south County Armagh, Northern Ireland, 4.5 km south-west of Keady.

The village lies partly in the townland of Mullyard (in the civil parish of Derrynoose) and partly in the townland of Crossnamoyle (in the civil parish of Keady). The civil parish is situated in the historic baronies of Armagh and Tiranny and is within the Armagh City and District Council area.

Keady
Keady (from Irish An Céide, meaning 'the flat-topped hill') is a small town and civil parish in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is south of Armagh and near the border with the Republic of Ireland. It is situated mainly in the historic barony of Armagh with six townlands in the barony of Tiranny. It had a population of 3,327 people in the 2021 census.

A tributary of the River Callan, known as the Clea, flows from its source in Clea Lake (also spelled as Clay Lake) through the middle of the village. The River Clea once powered Keady's millwheels. In the middle of the town, on the banks of the river, stands the Old Mill, which has been converted into workshops and offices.
The Dust Diaries
The Dust Diaries is a book by Owen Sheers, published in 2004.

In this work, Sheers traces the travels of his great-great-uncle, Arthur Shearly Cripps.  The book was named "Welsh Book of the Year 2005". It has been widely reviewed.

Wales Book of the Year
The Wales Book of the Year is a Welsh literary award given annually to the best Welsh and English language works in the fields of fiction and literary criticism by Welsh or Welsh interest authors. Established in 1992, the awards are currently administered by Literature Wales, and supported by the Arts Council of Wales, Welsh Government and the Welsh Books Council.
Rogue Valley Mall
The Rogue Valley Mall, a regional shopping mall located in Medford, Oregon, is the largest indoor shopping complex between Eugene, Oregon, and Sacramento, California. It is named for Rogue Valley in southwestern Oregon, where it is located adjacent to a Target store and Interstate 5.

The mall houses more than one hundred stores, including Chico's, Aeropostale, American Eagle, and Bath & Body Works. The current anchor stores are Kohl's, JCPenney, Macy's, a separate Macy's store consisting of Macy's Home (on the lower level) and Macy's Backstage (upper level), and The food court features ten eateries.The total area within the mall is about 847,000 square feet.

American Eagle Outfitters
American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. is an American  clothing and accessories retailer headquartered at SouthSide Works in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1977 by brothers Jerry and Mark Silverman as a subsidiary of Retail Ventures, Inc., a company that also owned and operated Silverman's Menswear. The Silvermans sold half their ownership interests in 1980 to the Schottenstein family and the remainder in 1991. American Eagle Outfitters is  the parent company of Aerie, Unsubscribed, and Todd Snyder.

American Eagle retails jeans, polo shirts, graphic T-shirts, boxers, outerwear, and swimwear. American Eagle targets male and female university and high school students, although older adults also wear the brand.

In 1977, the first American Eagle Outfitters store opened in Twelve Oaks Mall in Novi, Michigan. As of January 2023, the company operated 1,175 American Eagle stores, 175 Aerie stores, and 12 Todd Snyder stores across the US, Canada, Mexico, and Hong Kong.
Saham Club
Saham Club (Arabic: نادي صحم) is an Omani sports club based in Saham, in northeastern Oman. The club currently plays in the Oman Professional League, top division of Oman Football Association. Their home stadium is Sohar Regional Sports Complex. The stadium is government owned. The club also owns its own stadium and sports equipment, as well as its own training facilities.

29th GCC Club Cup
The 29th GCC Club Cup (Arabic: كأس الأندية الخليجية) was the 29th edition of the GCC Club Cup for clubs of the Gulf Cooperation Council nations, and the first under its new name.

The 2014 edition is officially known as the Pharmaton 29th GCC Club Cup Championship due to sponsorship reasons.

The competition kicked off on 3 February 2014 making it change to being played in one calendar year which was the usual format until changed for the last edition.
Narmeh-ye Sofla
Narmeh-ye Sofla (Persian: نارمه سفلي, also Romanized as Nārmeh-ye Soflá) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, Falard District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 186, in 36 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Poshtkuh Rural District (Falard County)
Poshtkuh Rural District (Persian: دهستان پشتكوه) is in Emamzadeh Hasan District of Falard County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Darreh Namdari. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh Sukhteh.
HemDee Kiwanuka
Hemdee Kiwanuka (born August 31, 1975) is a Ugandan American film producer and actor. He has produced and acted in movies since 2001, such as The Brothers Grimsby (2016), Army of One (2020) and Jimmy Kimmel Live! (2003).

Grimsby (film)
Grimsby (released as The Brothers Grimsby in the United States and Canada) is a 2016 spy action dark comedy film directed by Louis Leterrier and written by Sacha Baron Cohen, Phil Johnston, and Peter Baynham. The film stars Baron Cohen, Mark Strong, Rebel Wilson, Isla Fisher, Annabelle Wallis, Gabourey Sidibe, Penélope Cruz, and Ian McShane, and follows a football hooligan who reunites with his long-lost brother, an MI6 agent, and must work together to stop the global plot.

Grimsby was released by Sony Pictures Releasing, on 24 February 2016 in the United Kingdom and 11 March 2016 in the United States. It was poorly received by film critics and failed to recoup its $35 million budget, making it a box-office failure.
The Thin Pink Line
The Thin Pink Line is a 1998 mockumentary directed by Joe Dietl and Michael Irpino.

The title is a parody of Errol Morris' documentary The Thin Blue Line, which raised questions about the conviction of a prison inmate on death row.

Errol Morris
Errol Mark Morris (born February 5, 1948) is an American film director known for documentaries that interrogate the epistemology of their subjects, and the invention of the Interrotron. In 2003, his The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. His film The Thin Blue Line placed fifth on a Sight & Sound poll of the greatest documentaries ever made. Morris is known for making films about unusual subjects; Fast, Cheap & Out of Control interweaves the stories of an animal trainer, a topiary gardener, a robot scientist, and a naked mole-rat specialist.
Operational Requirement
An Operational Requirement, commonly abbreviated OR, was a United Kingdom (UK) Air Ministry document setting out the required characteristics for a future (i.e., as-yet unbuilt) military aircraft or weapon system.

The numbered OR would describe what intended role the aircraft would be used for, e.g., bomber, fighter, etc., or what type of weapon was required, e.g., gun, armament, bomb type, etc.

In conjunction with any official specification, prospective manufacturers would then choose whether to design an aircraft or weapon for this particular requirement.

Operational Requirements were carried over with the dissolution of the Air Ministry and the creation of the Ministry of Defence (MoD).

Air Ministry
The Air Ministry was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force and civil aviation that existed from 1918 to 1964.  It was under the political authority of the Secretary of State for Air.