hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Konstantin Petrovich Nechaev
Konstantin Petrovich Nechaev (Russian: Константин Петрович Нечаев, Polish: Konstantin Pietrowicz Nieczajew; 31 May 1883 – 5 February 1946) was an Imperial Russian Army officer and White movement leader, who commanded a large Russian mercenary army in China from 1924 to 1929. Fighting for the Fengtian clique warlords Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Zongchang, Nechaev took part in several wars of the Chinese Warlord Era until his mercenary force was destroyed in the Northern Expedition. Thereafter, he mostly retired from military service and became a White émigré community leader in Manchuria. Captured by SMERSH during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Nechaev was executed by Soviet authorities in 1946.

Osprey Publishing
Osprey Publishing is a British publishing company specializing in military history formerly based in Oxford. Predominantly an illustrated publisher, many of their books contain full-colour artwork plates, maps and photographs, and the company produces over a dozen ongoing series, each focusing on a specific aspect of the history of warfare. Their publications include the Men-at-Arms series, running to over 500 titles, with each book dedicated to a specific historical army or military unit. Osprey is an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing.
Kinross
Kinross (/kɪnˈrɒs/, Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Rois) is a burgh in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, around 13 miles (21 kilometres) south of Perth and around 20 miles (32 kilometres) northwest of Edinburgh. It is the traditional county town of the historic county of Kinross-shire.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Munyurangabo
Munyurangabo is a 2007 drama film directed by Lee Isaac Chung. Filmed entirely in Rwanda with local actors, it is the first narrative feature film in the Kinyarwanda language. It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival on 24 May and won the Grand Prize at the 2007 AFI Fest. American critic Roger Ebert called it "in every frame a beautiful and powerful film — a masterpiece."

Tutsi
The Tutsi (/ˈtʊtsi/ TUUT-see), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group established primarily in Rwanda and Burundi. They are a Bantu-speaking people and the second-largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and Twa.

Historically, the Tutsi were pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warrior caste. Before 1962, they regulated and controlled Rwandan society, which consisted of Tutsi aristocrats and Hutu commoners under a clientship structure. The Tutsi occupied the dominant positions in the sharply stratified society and constituted the ruling class.
Dalhart Unit
The Dalhart Unit is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for men located in unincorporated Hartley County, Texas. The unit is along Farm to Market Road 998 and near U.S. Highway 54, 4 miles (6.4 km) west and 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Dalhart. It is located next to Dalhart Municipal Airport. As of 2000 Dalhart serves minimum and medium security inmates.

U.S. Route 54
U.S. Route 54 (US 54) is an east–west United States Highway that runs northeast–southwest for 1,197 miles (1,926 km) from El Paso, Texas, to Griggsville, Illinois. The Union Pacific Railroad's Tucumcari Line (former Southern Pacific and Rock Island Lines "Golden State Route") runs parallel to US 54 from El Paso to Pratt, Kansas, which comprises about two-thirds of the route.

The highway's western terminus is in the city of El Paso, near the Mexican border and the eastern terminus is at Interstate 72 (I-72) in Griggsville. The highway is signed North-South in Texas and New Mexico reflecting its directional orientation and East-West the remainder of its course.
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an aphid-borne potyvirus, regarded as a major pathogen of cucurbits in most regions of the world where these crops are cultivated.

ZYMV affects all cucurbits including pumpkins, squashes, vegetable marrows, courgettes, melons, watermelons, cucumbers, gherkins and various gourds especially zucchinis. The effects are severe leaf mosaic, yellowing and eventually "shoestring" symptoms in the leaves. The fruits are stunted, twisted and deformed by raised protuberances, which reduces yield and makes them unmarketable in some cultures. In cultivated crops plants cease producing marketable fruits within 1–2 weeks of infection and serious financial losses can occur, particularly in courgette and marrow crops.

Melon
A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet, edible, and fleshy fruit. It can also specifically refer to Cucumis melo, commonly known as the "true melon" or simply "melon". The term "melon" can apply to both the plant and its fruit. Botanically, a melon is a kind of berry, specifically a "pepo". The word melon derives from Latin melopepo, which is the latinization of the Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopepōn), meaning "melon", itself a compound of μῆλον (mēlon), "apple", treefruit (of any kind)" and πέπων (pepōn), amongst others "a kind of gourd or melon". Many different cultivars have been produced, particularly of the true melon, such as the cantaloupe and honeydew.
Benjamin Raschke
Benjamin Raschke (born 23 December 1982 in Lübben (Spreewald)) is a German politician of Bündnis 90/Die Grünen Brandenburg who was a member of the Landtag of Brandenburg from 2014 to 2024. He became the parliamentary group leader in December 2019.

Parliamentary leader
A parliamentary leader is a political title or a descriptive term used in various countries to designate the person leading a parliamentary group or caucus in a legislative body, whether it be a national or sub-national legislature. They are their party's most senior member of parliament (MP) in most parliamentary democracies.

A party leader may be the same person as the parliamentary leader, or the roles may be separated.
Alex Piquero
Alexis Russell Piquero (born May 6, 1970) is a Cuban-American criminologist who is professor and chair of the Department of Sociology at the University of Miami, where he is also Arts & Sciences Distinguished Scholar. He previously served as the Ashbel Smith Professor of Criminology at the University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas), where he was also the Associate Dean for Graduate Programs in the School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences. He has been ranked as the #1 criminologist in the world since 1996 by the number of peer-reviewed papers in criminology journals. In 2015, then-United States Attorney General Eric Holder appointed him to the Office of Justice Programs Science Advisory Board.

Ashbel Smith
Ashbel Smith (August 13, 1805 – January 21, 1886) was a slave owner, key anti-abolitionist, pioneer physician, diplomat, and official of the Republic of Texas, Confederate officer and first President of the Board of Regents of the University of Texas. Smith  helped lead efforts to keep Texas a Republic and slave state.
David Edwardes Davies
David Edwardes Davies (30 May 1879 – 15 May 1950) was the Anglican Bishop of Bangor from 1944 to 1949.

Edwardes Davies was educated at Durham University on a theological scholarship and ordained in 1905. He began his ordained ministry with curacies at Oswestry and Wrexham. He then held incumbencies at Brymbo, Mold, Rhyl and Swansea before his ordination to the episcopate. He died on 15 May 1950.

Oswestry
Oswestry (/ˈɒzwəstri/ OZ-wəss-tree; Welsh: Croesoswallt) is a market town, civil parish and historic railway town in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border. It is at the junction of the A5, A483 and A495 roads.

The town was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Oswestry until that was abolished in 2009. At the 2021 Census, the population of Oswestry was 17,509. The town is five miles (8.0 km) from the Welsh border and has a mixed English and Welsh heritage.

Oswestry is the largest settlement within the Oswestry Uplands, a designated natural area and national character area.
Mickey Donovan
Mickey Donovan is a professional Canadian football coach who is currently the special teams coordinator for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a two-time Grey Cup champion after winning with the Argonauts in 2022 and 2024.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
Aizoon secundum
Aizoon secundum, the onesided galenia, is a species of flowering plant native to southern Africa, including Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa (Cape Provinces, Free State, and Northern Provinces). It is naturalized in Australia (Western Australia, Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales), Spain, and the United States (Florida and New Jersey). In Spain and Australia, is considered an invasive weed threatening native vegetation.

Aizoon secundum is shrub or perennial herb with grayish-white stems that trail along the ground for as much as 60 cm, forming mats. Leaves are grayish-white, folded inward, up to 2.5 cm long. Flowers are small, white to yellowish, up to 2 mm in diameter, often hidden by the leaves.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
Local multipoint distribution service
Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS) is a broadband wireless access technology originally designed for digital television transmission (DTV). It was conceived as a fixed wireless, point-to-multipoint technology for utilization in the last mile.
LMDS commonly operates on microwave frequencies across the 26 GHz and 29 GHz bands. In the United States, frequencies from 31.0 through 31.3 GHz are also considered LMDS frequencies.

Throughput capacity and reliable distance of the link depends on common radio link constraints and the modulation method used –  either phase-shift keying or amplitude modulation. Distance is typically limited to about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) due to rain fade attenuation constraints. Deployment links of up to 5 miles (8.0 km) from the base station are possible in some circumstances such as in point-to-point systems that can reach slightly farther distances due to increased antenna gain.

LTE (telecommunication)
In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for cellular mobile devices and data terminals. It is considered to be a "transitional" 4G technology, and is therefore also referred to as 3.95G as a step above 3G.

LTE is based on the 2G GSM/EDGE and 3G UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements. LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks. LTE has been succeeded by LTE Advanced, which is officially defined as a "true" 4G technology and also named "LTE+".
Saraswathi Vidyalaya Matriculation Higher Secondary School
Saraswathi Vidyalaya Senior Secondary School is located in Vadapalani, a suburb of Chennai, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The school was inaugurated in 1956 by the Congress Leader and then  former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Thiru.K. Kamaraj. The Founder and Principal Mrs. K. Saraswathi received the Presidential award from the President R. Venkataraman. She also received the Silver Elephant award from President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma.

The school enrolls children from kindergarten to Senior secondary level. It is affiliated to the CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education from Std I to XII. The medium of instruction at Saraswathi Vidyalaya is English language, and one other language from Hindi or Tamil language, is offered.

Vadapalani
Vadapalani is a neighbourhood in the city of Chennai in Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for its film studios, the Vadapalani Andavar Temple, and Vengeeswarar Temples which are important pilgrimage centres for Hindus. Situated in the western part of Chennai, Vadapalani is an important bus terminus on Arcot Road. Vadapalani is one of the busiest and densely populated areas in Chennai.
Alex Donnelly
Alexander Ernest Donnelly, known as Alex Donnelly (1878 – 9 May 1958), was a nationalist politician and solicitor in Ireland.

Donnelly studied at the Christian Brothers School in Omagh and the Royal University of Ireland.  He was elected to Tyrone County Council in 1914, holding his seat until 1951, holding the post of council chairman from 1920 to 1924.  He was also a member of Omagh Urban District Council.  In 1916, he was a founder member of Sinn Féin in the county, alongside Cahir Healy, James McHugh and Basil McGuckin.

At the 1925 Northern Ireland general election, Donnelly was elected for the Nationalist Party in Fermanagh and Tyrone.  He first took his seat in November 1927.  His seat was abolished in 1929, and he was instead elected for West Tyrone.  He held this seat until he retired in 1949.

1925 Northern Ireland general election
The 1925 Northern Ireland general election was held on 3 April 1925. It was the second election to the Parliament of Northern Ireland.  It saw significant losses for the Ulster Unionist Party, although they maintained their large majority. This was the last election for the Stormont parliament conducted using Single transferable voting, a form of Proportional Representation. Fifty-two members were elected in ten districts, which each elected between four and eight members. The Ulster Unionist government abolished proportional representation during this parliament and replaced it with the first-past-the-post system used in Great Britain.
L'Observatoire International
L'Observatoire International is a lighting design firm established by Hervé Descottes in 1993 in New York City. The firm works within a range of different spatial expressions including architecture, landscape, urban, and fine art projects.

L'Observatoire has become known for its innovative ways of applying light within the built environment, and does so by merging the latest technologies with an aesthetic paradigm in order to most advantageously engage and reveal the program, space, and form. The firm has collaborated with architects and designers including Steven Holl, Frank Gehry, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Jean Nouvel, Richard Meier, Peter Marino.

Jean Nouvel
Jean Nouvel (French: [ʒɑ̃ nuvɛl]; born 12 August 1945) is a French architect. Nouvel studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and was a founding member of Mars 1976 and Syndicat de l'Architecture, France’s first labor union for architects. He has obtained a number of prestigious distinctions over the course of his career, including the Aga Khan Award for Architecture (for the Institut du Monde Arabe which Nouvel designed), the Wolf Prize in Arts in 2005 and the Pritzker Prize in 2008. A number of museums and architectural centres have presented retrospectives of his work.
Minority Opinion
Minority Opinion (Korean: 소수의견; RR: Sosuuigyeon), released internationally as The Unfair, is a 2015 South Korean legal drama film written and directed by Kim Sung-je, starring Yoon Kye-sang, Yoo Hae-jin and Kim Ok-vin. It was adapted from Sohn Ah-ram's novel of the same name, which in turn was based on the Yongsan Tragedy, in which 40 tenants protesting against insufficient compensation for the urban renewal redevelopment of their Yongsan neighborhood clashed with riot police on January 20, 2009, that resulted in the death of five tenant-evictees and one police officer.

Yongsan District
Yongsan District (Korean: 용산구; RR: Yongsan-gu, [jo̞ŋsʰa̠n ku]) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It has a population of 231,685 (2020) and has a geographic area of 21.87 km2 (8.44 sq mi), and is divided into 19 dong (administrative neighborhoods). Yongsan is located near Downtown Seoul, on the northern bank of the Han River, bordering the city districts of Jung to the north, Mapo to the west, Yeongdeungpo and Dongjak to the southwest, Seocho and Gangnam District to the southeast, and Seongdong to the east.
Cristofano Robetta
Cristofano Robetta (1462 – 1535) was an Italian artist, goldsmith, and engraver.

Robetta was a Florentine "who made some rich, intricate engravings in the fine manner". He often made engravings which replicated paintings others had done, some of which preserved works that had otherwise been destroyed.

Some of his works reside at the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Cleveland Museum of Art
The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Located in the Wade Park District of University Circle, the museum is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian art and houses a diverse permanent collection of more than 61,000 works of art from around the world. The museum provides free general admission to the public. With a $920 million endowment as of 2023, it is the fourth-wealthiest art museum in the United States. With about 770,000 visitors annually as of 2018, it is one of the most visited art museums in the world.
Tripartite Accord (Lebanon)
The Tripartite Accord (Arabic: الإتفاق الثلاثي) of 1985 was a short-lived agreement between the three major Lebanese feuding factions, signed in Damascus, Syria, to end the Lebanese Civil War. The agreement allowed a Syrian peace-keeping military presence in Lebanon to separate the factions and gave Syria strong influence over Lebanese matters.

The three factions concerned were the Shia Amal movement, the Druze Progressive Socialist Party and the Christian Lebanese Forces (LF). The accord was signed on December 28, 1985, by Nabih Berri, Walid Jumblat, and Elie Hobeika on behalf of the three militias, respectively.

Nabih Berri
Nabih Mustafa Berri (Arabic: نبيه مصطفى برّي, romanized: Nabīh Muṣṭafā Barriyy pronunciationⓘ; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese politician who has been serving as Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992. He heads the Amal Movement and its parliamentary wing, Development and Liberation Bloc.
Parrino
Parrino is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Parrino (born 1985), American baseball player

Elian Parrino (born 1988), Argentinian footballer

Marco Parrino (born 1995), Italian businessman and writer

Steven Parrino (1958–2005), American artist and musician

Marco Parrino
Marco Parrino (born on April 18, 1995, in Alcamo) is an Italian businessman and writer. He is best known for Sicilia è amore, an editorial co-creation project for the promotion of Sicily, the income of which is donated to charity.
Les Oubeaux
Les Oubeaux (French pronunciation: [le.z‿ubo] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Isigny-sur-Mer.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
URL redirection
URL redirection, also called URL forwarding, is a World Wide Web technique for making a web page available under more than one URL address. When a web browser attempts to open a URL that has been redirected, a page with a different URL is opened. Similarly, domain redirection or domain forwarding is when all pages in a URL domain are redirected to a different domain, as when wikipedia.com and wikipedia.net are automatically redirected to wikipedia.org.

URL redirection is done for various reasons:

for URL shortening;

to prevent broken links when web pages are moved;

to allow multiple domain names belonging to the same owner to refer to a single web site;

to guide navigation into and out of a website;

for privacy protection (such as redirecting YouTube and Twitter links to Invidious and Nitter respectively or to turn AMP links into normal links); and

for hostile purposes such as phishing attacks or malware distribution.

Invidious
Invidious is a free and open-source alternative frontend to YouTube. It is available as a Docker container, or from the GitHub master branch.  It is intended to be used as a lightweight and "privacy-respecting" alternative to the official YouTube website. Many privacy preserving redirecting software as well as YouTube clients use Invidious instances.

Invidious does not use the official YouTube API but scrapes the website for video and metadata such as likes and views. This is done intentionally to decrease the amount of data shared with Google, but YouTube can still see a user's IP address. The web-scraping tool is called the Invidious Developer API. It is also partially used in the free and open-source app, Yattee.
Birger Sandzén
Sven Birger Sandzén (February 5, 1871 – June 22, 1954), known more commonly as Birger Sandzén, was a Swedish painter best known for his landscapes. He produced most of his work while working as an art professor at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas.

Anders Zorn
Anders Leonard Zorn (18 February 1860 – 22 August 1920) was a Swedish artist who attained international success as a painter, sculptor, and etching artist. His portrait subjects include King Oscar II of Sweden and three American Presidents: Grover Cleveland, William H. Taft, and Theodore Roosevelt. At the end of his life in 1920, he established the Swedish literary Bellman Prize.