hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Floyd Justice in Policing Act
The George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021 was a policing reform bill drafted by Democrats in the United States Congress, following the murder of George Floyd. The legislation was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on February 24, 2021. The legislation aims to combat police misconduct, excessive force, and racial bias in policing.

The bill passed the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives on a mostly party-line vote of 220–212, but not the evenly divided but Democratic-controlled Senate amid opposition from Republicans. Negotiations between Republican and Democratic senators on a reform bill collapsed in September 2021.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
2008–09 Welsh National League (Wrexham Area)
The 2008–09 Nizam-Druid Welsh National League was the sixty-fourth season of the Welsh National League (Wrexham Area). The league was reduced to two divisions for senior teams this season, the remaining two divisions were made into reserves and colts leagues. The Premier Division was won by Llangollen Town, who gained promotion to the Cymru Alliance.

Welsh National League (Wrexham Area)
The Welsh National League (Wrexham Area) was a football league in Wales and operated at level 3 and 4 of the Welsh football league system in Flintshire and Wrexham County Borough, but with some teams from Denbighshire (Corwen and Llangollen Town) and Gwynedd (Llanuwchllyn).  For sponsorship purposes it was last known as the Guy Walmsley & Co Welsh National League.
Jinfengopteryx
Jinfengopteryx (from Jinfeng, 'golden phoenix', the queen of birds in Chinese folklore, and Ancient Greek: πτερυξ pteryx, meaning 'feather') is a genus of maniraptoran dinosaur. It was found in the Qiaotou Member of the Huajiying Formation of Hebei Province, China, and is therefore of uncertain age. The Qiaotou Member may correlate with the more well-known Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, and so probably dates to around 122 Ma (122 million years) ago.

Yixian Formation
The Yixian Formation (simplified Chinese: 义县组; traditional Chinese: 義縣組; pinyin: Yìxiàn zǔ; formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation or Yixiang Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous. It is known for its exquisitely preserved fossils, and is mainly composed of basalts interspersed with siliciclastic sediments.
Hanamaki, Iwate
Hanamaki (花巻市, Hanamaki-shi) is a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2020, the city had an estimated population of 94,691, and a population density of 100 persons per km2, in 37,773 households. The total area of the city is 908.39 square kilometres (350.73 sq mi). Hanamaki is famous as the birthplace of the novelist and poet Kenji Miyazawa and Iwate Prefecture's local specialty, Wanko soba, as well as its hot spring resorts.

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Upper Sava Valley
The Upper Sava Valley (Slovene: Zgornjesavska dolina) is an alpine valley in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. The Sava Dolinka River flows along it. It begins in Rateče at an elevation of 870 m and ends at Moste at 560 m. It is the geographical border between the Julian Alps and the Karawanks. It was created on a tectonic fault that runs down the middle of the valley. Its geomorphological forms are a result of the actions of the river and glaciers. A number of smaller valleys lead into it from both sides.

The largest settlements in the valley are Kranjska Gora and Jesenice. Some of the traditional and modern settlements are located on active alluvial fans that may cause a threat of the modelled torrents and debris flows.

Kranjska Gora
Kranjska Gora (Slovene: [ˈkɾàːnska ˈɡɔ̀ːɾa]; German: Kronau) is a town in northwestern Slovenia, on the Sava Dolinka River in the Upper Carniola region, close to the Austrian and Italian borders. It is the seat of the Municipality of Kranjska Gora. The tripoint between Austria, Italy and Slovenia lies on the mountain of Dreiländereck, known as Peč in Slovenia.
Gunnar Wennerström
Gunnar Erik Emanuel Wennerström (27 June 1879 – 2 June 1931) was a Swedish water polo player and freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the Swedish water polo team, which was able to win the bronze medal. In the 1500 metres freestyle event he was eliminated in the first round. Also he was part of the Swedish 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay team.

Wennerström represented Stockholms KK.

Swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metre freestyle
The  men's 1500 metre freestyle was one of 6 swimming events on the swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Its distance was the longest of the 3 individual freestyle event distances. The competition was held from Tuesday July 21, 1908, to Saturday July 25, 1908.

Each nation could enter up to 12 swimmers. Nineteen swimmers from eight nations competed.
Bashmakovsky District
Bashmakovsky District (Russian: Башмако́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,618 square kilometers (625 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Bashmakovo. Population: 23,304 (2010 Census);  25,159 (2002 Census); 28,032 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Bashmakovo accounts for 44.7% of the district's total population.

Penza Oblast
Penza Oblast (Russian: Пензенская область, IPA: [ˈpʲenzʲɪnskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Penza. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,266,348. It was formed in 1939 on the territory detached from neighboring Tambov Oblast.
Dilke baronets
The Dilke Baronetcy, of Sloane Street in the County of Middlesex, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 January 1862 for the Liberal politician Wentworth Dilke. Apart from his political career, he played an important part in the international exhibititions in London in 1851 and 1862. Dilke was the son of the critic and writer on literature Charles Wentworth Dilke. He was succeeded by his son, the 2nd Baronet. He was also a Liberal politician and served under William Ewart Gladstone as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1880 to 1882 and as President of the Local Government Board from 1882 to 1885. His political career ended in 1885, after a well-publicised divorce case.

The Dilke family is descended from Fisher Dilke, son of Thomas Dilke, of Maxstoke Castle, who married Sybil Wentworth.

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
The parliamentary under-secretary of state for foreign affairs was a junior position in the British government, subordinate to both the secretary of state for foreign affairs and since 1945 also to the minister of state for foreign affairs. The post is based at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, which was created by the merger of the Foreign Office, where the position was initially based, with the Commonwealth Office in 1968 and the Department for International Development in 2020. Notable holders of the office include Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville, John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley, Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, and Anthony Eden.
Corine Schleif
Corine Schleif (February 20, 1949-December 8, 2023) was a professor and art historian who researched, taught and wrote about Medieval art, Renaissance art, feminist art theory, and the motivations behind the creating and destroying of art. She was faculty at Arizona State University's School of Art.

Feminist aesthetics
Feminist aesthetics first emerged in the 1970s and  refers not to a particular aesthetic or style but to perspectives that question assumptions in art and aesthetics concerning gender-role stereotypes, or gender. Feminist aesthetics has a relationship to philosophy.
Salix chilensis
Salix chilensis, the Chilean pencil willow, is a species of willow native to Mexico, Central America and South America, described by  Molina in 1782. Some authorities consider it conspecific with Salix humboldtiana, which Willdenow described in 1805.

Carl Ludwig Willdenow
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist.  He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants.  Willdenow was also a mentor of Alexander von Humboldt, one of the earliest and best known phytogeographers. He also influenced Christian Konrad Sprengel, who pioneered the study of plant pollination and floral biology.
Ju Yingzhi
Ju Yingzhi (Chinese: 鞠盈智; born (1987-07-24)24 July 1987) is a former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. Born in China, he represented Hong Kong internationally. He is currently the assistant coach of Hong Kong Premier League club Southern.

Ju represented Hong Kong on the international level. He was also a member of the Hong Kong Asian Games football team in 2010.

Hong Kong national under-23 football team
The Hong Kong Olympic Football Team (also known as Hong Kong under-23 or Hong Kong U-23) represents Hong Kong in international football competitions in the Olympic Games, the Asian Games, as well as any other under-23 international football tournaments. In the past the team also represented Hong Kong in the East Asian Games until termination of the Games. It is committed by the Hong Kong Football Association.
Mir-210 microRNA
In molecular biology mir-210 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

mir-210 has been strongly linked with the hypoxia pathway, and is upregulated in response to Hypoxia-inducible factors. It is also overexpressed in cells affected by cardiac disease and tumours. MiRNA-210 in particular, has been studied for its effects in rescuing cardiac function after myocardial infarcts via the up-regulation of angiogenesis and inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Hypoxia-inducible factor
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to decreases in available oxygen in the cellular environment, or hypoxia. They also respond to instances of pseudohypoxia, such as thiamine deficiency. Both hypoxia and pseudohypoxia leads to impairment of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by the mitochondria.
Stringtown, Tucker County, West Virginia
Stringtown is a ghost town in Tucker County, West Virginia, United States. Stringtown was located at what is now the junction of West Virginia Route 32 and West Virginia Route 72, 9.7 miles (15.6 km) south of Davis.

West Virginia Route 32
West Virginia Route 32 is a north–south state highway connecting Randolph County and Tucker County in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of West Virginia. The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 33 and West Virginia Route 55 in Harman. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 219 in Thomas. The highway was originally numbered WV 40.
That's What Friends Are For (Modern Romance song)
"That's What Friends Are For" is a single by UK band Modern Romance. It was released in 1984 as a 7-inch single and 12-inch single by RCA Records and was produced by Tony Visconti. It is taken from their studio album Burn It! (1984) as is the B-side, "(Blame My) Jealousy".

Twelve-inch single
The twelve-inch single (often written as 12-inch or 12″) is a type of vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC) gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time with a "single" or a few related sound tracks on each surface, compared to LPs (long play) which have several songs on each side. It is named for its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter that was intended for LPs. This technical adaptation allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the mastering engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality. This record type, which is claimed to have been accidentally discovered by Tom Moulton, is commonly used in disco and dance music genres, where DJs use them to play in clubs. They are played at either 33+1⁄3 or 45 revolutions per minute (rpm). The conventional 7-inch single usually holds three or four minutes of music at full volume. The 12-inch LP sacrifices volume for extended playing time.
2002 Saint Francis Cougars football team
The 2002 Saint Francis Cougars football team represented the University of Saint Francis, located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the 2002 NAIA football season. They were led by head coach Kevin Donley, who served his 5th year as the first and only head coach in the history of Saint Francis football.  The Cougars played their home games at Cougar Stadium and were members of the Mid-States Football Association (MSFA) Mideast League (MEL). The Cougars finished in 1st place in the MSFA MEL division, and they received an automatic bid to the 2002 postseason NAIA playoffs.

2002 NAIA football national championship
The 2002 NAIA football championship series concluded on December 21, 2002 with the championship game played at Jim Carroll Stadium in Savannah, Tennessee.  The game was won by the Carroll Fighting Saints over the Georgetown Tigers by a score of 28–7.
Lorraine Harry
Lorraine Henao Harry (born 20 February 1996) is a Papua New Guinean weightlifter. She represented Papua New Guinea at the 2019 Pacific Games and she won the silver medal in the women's 87 kg event.

In 2017, at the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, she finished in 6th place in the women's 90 kg event.

In 2018, she represented Papua New Guinea at the Commonwealth Games held in Gold Coast, Australia. She finished in 7th place in the women's 90 kg event.

Weightlifting at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
Weightlifting competitions at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan,  took place from 18 to 25 September at the Weightlifting Arena. Around 188 athletes competed in 16 different events, according to their respective weight categories.
Politotdel, Russia
Politotdel (Russian: Политотде́л) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Politotdel, Republic of Adygea, a khutor in Koshekhablsky District of the Republic of Adygea

Politotdel, Republic of Bashkortostan, a selo in Shestayevsky Selsoviet of Davlekanovsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Politotdel, Lipetsk Oblast, a settlement in Petrovsky Selsoviet of Dobrinsky District of Lipetsk Oblast

Politotdel, Omsk Oblast, a settlement in Lyubino-Malorossky Rural Okrug of Lyubinsky District of Omsk Oblast

Lipetsk Oblast
Lipetsk Oblast (Russian: Липецкая область, IPA: [ˈlʲipʲɪtskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Lipetsk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,143,224.
Ofer Dekel (researcher)
Ofer Dekel (Hebrew: עופר דקל) is a computer science researcher in the Machine Learning Department of Microsoft Research. He obtained his PhD in computer science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and is an affiliate faculty at the Computer Science & Engineering department at the University of Washington.

Stochastic optimization
Stochastic optimization (SO) are optimization methods that generate and use random variables. For stochastic optimization problems, the objective functions or constraints are random. Stochastic optimization also include methods with random iterates. Some hybrid methods use random iterates to solve stochastic problems, combining both meanings of stochastic optimization.
Stochastic optimization methods generalize deterministic methods for deterministic problems.
Cabrita
Cabrita is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cabrita (footballer), full name Jorge Soares Marins (born 1939), Brazilian footballer

Augusto Cabrita (1923–1993), Portuguese photographer, cinematographer and film director

Barbara Cabrita (born  1982), French-Portuguese actress

Eduardo Cabrita (born 1961), Portuguese politician

Fernando Cabrita (1923–2014), Portuguese football forward and manager

Pedro Cabrita Reis (born 1956), Portuguese artist

Fernando Cabrita
Fernando da Silva Cabrita OIH (1 May 1923 – 22 September 2014) was a Portuguese football forward and manager.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 295 games and 88 goals over the course of 14 seasons, in representation of Olhanense and Covilhã. Subsequently, he went on to have a coaching career that lasted more than two decades, and included spells with Benfica and the Portugal national team.
Biligiriya Banadalli
Biligiriya Banadalli (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1980 Indian Kannada film, directed by Siddalingaiah and produced by Smt Jayadevi. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, M. P. Shankar, Srinivasa Murthy and T. N. Balakrishna. The film has musical score by Rajan–Nagendra.

Rajan–Nagendra
Rajan–Nagendra was an Indian musical duo who were prominent composers of film music in Kannada and Telugu cinema from the late 1950s to the early 1990s. Rajan, along with his brother Nagendra, created a niche for themselves for nearly four decades. The duo scored music for about 375 films, over 200 of them in Kannada and the remainder in other languages like Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Tulu, Hindi and Sinhala. They composed innumerable hits, hundreds of melodious tunes in their career spanning four decades. They also hold the record for the longest active musical pair in the industry.
Keyboard Concerto No. 11 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn's Keyboard Concerto in D major, Hob. XVIII:11, was written between 1780 and 1783 and published in 1784, his last concerto for keyboard. He composed it for harpsichord or fortepiano, scoring for orchestra in the relatively undeveloped galant style of his earlier works, but, being a somewhat late composition, the work has similarities to Mozart's piano concertos; Haydn and Mozart had probably become acquainted by 1783 and the friendship had a deep impact on both composers.

(Mozart returned from Italy in 1773, at the age of seventeen, and turned to the piano concerto form in 1776. Biographers and historians have suggested that this Haydn work reflects Mozart's influence. Mozart acknowledged the important role of Haydn in the development of music and in correspondence often referred to him as "Papa Haydn".)

Galant music
In music, galant refers to the style which was fashionable in the upper-class societies of Western Europe from the 1720s to the 1770s. In the 19th and 20th centuries, musicologists gave the term a narrower meaning. They used it to describe compositions that moved away from the Baroque's rhetorical formal style, but only partly showed traits of the pre-classical period. The galant style can be seen as a step towards the formally freer, sensitive style, Empfindsamkeit, that prepared the early classical period.
Chamber pressure
Within firearms, chamber pressure is the pressure exerted by a cartridge case's outside walls on the inside of a firearm's chamber when the cartridge is fired. The SI unit for chamber pressure is the megapascal (MPa), while the American SAAMI uses the pound per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) and the European CIP uses bar (1 bar is equal to 0.1 MPa).

Regardless of pressure unit used, the measuring procedure varies between CIP method, SAAMI method, and NATO EPVAT. The chamber pressures are measured to different standards thus can not be directly compared. Chamber pressures have also historically been recorded in copper units of pressure (which for example can be denoted psi CUP, bar CUP, or MPa CUP) or lead units of pressure (LUP).

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.
Latin American Montessori Bilingual Public Charter School
Latin American Montessori Bilingual Public Charter School is a public charter school in Washington, D.C.  on 14th Street in the Sixteenth Street Heights neighborhood.

It is overseen by the District of Columbia Public Charter School Board. As a charter school, LAMB is a nonprofit organization, funded by local tax revenue, and subject to some, though not all, of the same standards as traditional schools that are part of the District of Columbia Public Schools. Its admissions are based on a lottery system that takes into account preferences for siblings of current students and children of school faculty and staff.

District of Columbia Public Schools
The District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) is the local public school system for the District of Columbia, in the United States. It is distinct from the District of Columbia Public Charter Schools (DCPCS), which governs public charter schools in the district.
Carbonyldiimidazole
1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) is an organic compound with the molecular formula (C3H3N2)2CO.  It is a white crystalline solid.  It is often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds  are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject.
Guy Barrabino
Guy Barrabino (17 January 1934 – 10 November 2017) was a French fencer. He competed in the team foil event at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 1959 Mediterranean Games where he won a gold medal in the team foil event and a bronze medal in the individual foil event.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.