hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daihatsu A-series engine
The Daihatsu A-series engine is a range of compact two-cylinder internal combustion piston engines, designed by Daihatsu with the aid of their owner Toyota. Petrol-driven, it has cast iron engine blocks and aluminum cylinder heads, which are of a single overhead cam lean burn design with belt-driven camshafts. The head design was called "TGP lean-burn", for "Turbulence Generating Pot". The engine also had twin balancing shafts, which provided smoothness equivalent to that of a traditional four-cylinder engine - although it also cost nearly as much to build.

The engine was developed with some haste in order to replace the two-stroke "ZM" engines used in Daihatsu's earlier Kei cars, and was the first unit to take full advantage of the new 550 cc displacement limit in effect from 1 January 1976. It was first presented in May 1976 as the AB10. Eventually, even a turbocharged version was produced. The engine was replaced by the three-cylinder EB-series in 1985.

Lean-burn
Lean-burn refers to the burning of fuel with an excess of air in an internal combustion engine. In lean-burn engines the air–fuel ratio may be as lean as 65:1 (by mass). The air:fuel ratio needed to stoichiometrically combust gasoline, by contrast, is 14.64:1. The excess of air in a lean-burn engine emits far less hydrocarbons. High air–fuel ratios can also be used to reduce losses caused by other engine power management systems such as throttling losses.
Saint-Maur–Créteil station
Saint-Maur–Créteil station (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃moʁ kʁetɛi]) is a railway station in the commune of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Val-de-Marne. It is served by RER A and in the future, Paris Metro Line 15 in 2026.

Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (French pronunciation: [val də maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Marne') is a department of France located in the Île-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of Paris’ city centre. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a population of 1,407,124.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 94.
TS Entertainment
TS Entertainment (also known as TS ENTER (Korean: 티에스이엔티이알)) was a South Korean record label and entertainment agency founded in 2008 by Kim Tae‑song (김태송). It was located at Hannam-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, South Korea. The company was responsible for managing idol groups such as Untouchable, Secret, B.A.P., Sonamoo, and TRCNG.

Throughout the 2010s, TS Entertainment became known for multiple lawsuits from its artists and staff involving workplace abuse, extortion, and failure to pay company employees. The company quietly shut down in January 2021, with the rest of its artists' contracts expiring by 2022.

Korean idol
An idol (Korean: 아이돌; RR: aidol) is a type of entertainer who works in the field of Korean popular music (K-pop), either as a member of a group or as a solo act. They typically work for an entertainment agency that operates a highly managed star system that idols are produced by and debut under. Idols undergo extensive training in dance, vocal performance, and foreign language, and tend to represent a hybridized convergence of visuals, music, and fashion. Idols maintain a carefully curated public image and social media presence, and dedicate significant time and resources to building relationships with fans through concerts and meetups.
Lukas Meyer
Lukas H. Meyer is a German philosopher, academic and author. He is a university professor as well as speaker of the working section Moral and Political Philosophy (in German "Praktische Philosophie") at the University of Graz.

Meyer is most known for his works on practical philosophy, primarily focusing on legal philosophy, political philosophy, ethics and social philosophy. Among his authored works are his publications in academic journals, including Politics, Philosophy & Economics, Global Environmental Change and Nature Climate Change as well as books such as Rights, Culture, and the Law: Themes from the Legal and Political Philosophy of Joseph Raz and Rectifying Historical Injustice Debating the Supersession Thesis.

Meyer co-founded the journal Moral Philosophy and Politics (de Gruyter) and has served as its editor in chief since January 2024. He serves as the associate editor of the journal Law, Ethics and Philosophy.

Nature Climate Change
Nature Climate Change is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio covering all aspects of research on global warming, the current climate change, especially its effects. It was established in 2011 as the continuation of Nature Reports Climate Change, itself established in 2007. Its first editor-in-chief was Olive Heffernan and the journal's current editor-in-chief is Bronwyn Wake. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2023 impact factor of 30.3.
Blackstone Edge Reservoir
Blackstone Edge Reservoir is a reservoir in the  Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England. It is close to Blackstone Edge, from which it takes its name, and the border with Calderdale, West Yorkshire.

Calderdale
Calderdale (/ˈkɔːldərdeɪl, ˈkɒl-/) is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, which had a population of 211,439. It takes its name from the River Calder, and dale, a word for valley. The name Calderdale usually refers to the borough through which the upper river flows, while the actual landform is known as the Calder Valley. Several small valleys contain tributaries of the River Calder. The main towns of the borough are Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Hebden Bridge, Sowerby Bridge and Todmorden.

Calderdale covers part of the South Pennines, and the Calder Valley is the southernmost of the Yorkshire Dales, though it is not part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The borough was formed in 1974 by the merger of nine local government districts.

Halifax is the commercial, cultural and administrative centre of the borough. Calderdale is served by Calderdale Council, which is headquartered in Halifax, with some functions based in Todmorden.
Laugel
Laugel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anselme Laugel (1851–1928), French-Alsatian author and politician

Auguste Laugel (1830–1914), French historian and engineer

Jonathan Laugel (born 1993), French rugby sevens player

Auguste Laugel
Antoine-Auguste Laugel (20 January 1830 – 1914) was a French historian and engineer born in Strasbourg.

He received his education at the École polytechnique in Paris, and for a period of time was secretary and confidant to the Duke of Aumale. Later he was appointed director of the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM), a French railway company.

He published articles in various journals such as the Revue des Deux Mondes, where he penned an important account of Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1860. He was the author of numerous historical and philosophical works.
TacSat-4
TacSat-4 is the third in a series of U.S. military experimental technology and communication satellites. The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the program manager. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored the development of the payload and funded the first year of operations. The Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) funded the standardized spacecraft bus and the Operationally Responsive Space Office (ORS) funded the launch that will be performed by the Air Force's Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC).

The spacecraft was completed by the end of 2009, and was launched on 27 September 2011, at 14:49:00 UTC, on a Minotaur IV launch vehicle into a highly elliptical orbit (HEO).

Office of Naval Research
The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is an organization within the United States Department of the Navy responsible for the science and technology programs of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Established by Congress in 1946, its mission is to plan, foster, and encourage scientific research to maintain future naval power and preserve national security. It carries this out through funding and collaboration with schools, universities, government laboratories, nonprofit organizations, and for-profit organizations, and overseeing the Naval Research Laboratory, the corporate research laboratory for the Navy and Marine Corps. NRL conducts a broad program of scientific research, technology and advanced development.

ONR's headquarters is in the Ballston neighborhood of Arlington County, Virginia. ONR Global has offices overseas in Santiago, São Paulo, London, Prague, Singapore, and Tokyo.
A Regatta on the Grand Canal
A Regatta on the Grand Canal is a 1740 landscape painting by the Italian artist Canaletto. It depicts a view of the Grand Canal in his native Venice. It takes place during the Carnival season when the annual gondola regatta is being held on the Feast of the Purification of the Virgin. In the left foreground the is the Palazzo Balbi. By the 1860s the painting was in the collection of the Duke of Leeds at North Yorkshire. Today it is in the National Gallery in London, having been acquired in 1929. An identically-titled painting by Canaletto from 1735 is in the collection of the Dukes of Bedford at Woburn Abbey.

Canaletto
Giovanni Antonio Canal (18 October 1697 – 19 April 1768), commonly known as Canaletto (Italian: [kanaˈletto]), was an Italian painter from the Republic of Venice, considered an important member of the 18th-century Venetian school.

Painter of cityscapes or vedute, of Venice, Rome, and London, he also painted imaginary views (referred to as capricci), although the demarcation in his works between the real and the imaginary is never quite clearcut. He was further an important printmaker using the etching technique. In the period from 1746 to 1756, he worked in England, where he painted many views of London and other sites, including Warwick Castle and Alnwick Castle. He was highly successful in England, thanks to the British merchant and connoisseur Joseph "Consul" Smith, whose large collection of Canaletto's works was sold to King George III in 1762.
London Underground C Stock (District Railway)
The C Stock was built for the District Railway in 1910. The additional rolling stock was required to increase the frequency of the service (particularly given the introduction of automatic electro-pneumatic signalling which allowed less headway between trains), plus the four-tracking of the section west of Hammersmith which allowed a greater frequency of trains to and from Richmond.

Hammersmith tube station (District and Piccadilly lines)
Hammersmith is a London Underground station in Hammersmith, London, England. It is served by the District and Piccadilly lines, providing cross-platform interchange between the lines. On the District line, the station is between Ravenscourt Park and Barons Court stations. On the Piccadilly line, it is between Acton Town (or Turnham Green at the very early morning and late evening hours) and Barons Court stations. The station is in London fare zone 2.

The Circle and Hammersmith & City lines' station of the same name is a separate station to the north-west. The two stations are separated by Hammersmith Broadway.

The lifts at this station, which were replaced towards the end of 2013, provide step-free access between the platforms and the main entrance on Hammersmith Broadway.
Kalalah
Kalālah (Arabic: كلالة) is a term in Islamic inheritance which refers to a someone that has an estate, but no direct ascendants or descendants. Abd al-Razzaaq narrated in al-Musannaf (10/301) from Ibn al-Musayyib that, "‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab wrote a document about the grandfather and kalaalah (issues of inheritance when a grandfather of the deceased was still living, or if the deceased left behind no children), and he continued to pray istikhaarah, saying, “O Allaah, if You know that there is some good in it then let it be.” Then when he was stabbed he called for the document, and erased it, and no one knew what was in it. He said: “I wrote something about the grandfather and kalaalah, and I prayed istikhaarah asking Allaah for guidance, then I decided to leave you as you are now.”

Said ibn al-Musayyib
Abu Muhammad Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib ibn Hazn al-Makhzumi (Arabic: سعید بن المسیب, romanized: Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib; 637–715) was one of the foremost authorities of jurisprudence (fiqh) among the taba'een (generation succeeding the companions of Muhammad who are referred to as the sahaba). He was based in Medina. He is the only tabi whose all hadith narration are acceptionally trustworthy despite being mursal. In Shia sources, he is counted among the close companions of Ali al-Sajjad, and was reportedly praised by the latter.
María de los Ángeles Fromow
María de los Angeles Fromow Rangel (Mexico City, 10 October 1966–) is a Mexican lawyer who served as Special Attorney for the Attention of Electoral Crimes of the Attorney General's Office. She was appointed Special Attorney in February 2001 by President Vicente Fox.

Fromow holds a bachelor's degree in law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and has pursued graduate studies in different universities including the Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

In January 2007, President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa appointed her as head of the Liaisons Unit of the Health Secretariat.

In January 2013, President Enrique Peña Nieto appointed her as Technical Secretary of the Penal System.

Secretariat of Health
The Secretariat of Health (Spanish: Secretaría de Salud) is the government department in charge of all social health services in Mexico, and an integral part of the Mexican health system. The Secretary of Health is a member of the Executive Cabinet and is appointed at the discretion of the President of the Republic.

In recent years, the federal Secretariat of Health has played a more restricted role, as many of its functions have been transferred to the corresponding institutions of the individual states.
Venice Conference
The Venice Conference was held in Venice on 29  and 30 May 1956. The Foreign Ministers of the six Member States of the European Coal and Steel Community met at the Cini Foundation on the Venetian island of San Giorgio Maggiore to discuss the Spaak Report of the Spaak Committee. At the conference the Foreign Ministers explained the views of the ECSC governments on the proposals in the Spaak Report.  As a result of the conference they decided to organize the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom in order to prepare for establishment of a common market and a European Community for the peaceful use of nuclear power.

The conference was chaired by Christian Pineau, French Minister for Foreign Affairs, and attended by Walter Hallstein (Federal Republic of Germany), Paul-Henri Spaak (Belgium), Maurice Faure, French State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Gaetano Martino (Italy), Joseph Bech (Luxembourg) and Johan Willem Beyen (Netherlands).

Maurice Faure
Maurice Faure (2 January 1922 – 6 March 2014) was a member of the French Resistance and a minister in several French governments. He was born in Azerat, Dordogne.

He was a deputy in the French parliament from 1951 to 1983 and a Senator from 1983 to 1988, representing Lot and served 25 years as Mayor of Cahors. Faure was appointed to the Constitutional Council of France by President François Mitterrand.

As secretary to the French foreign minister, he co-signed the Treaty of Rome for France in 1957, thus helping to create the European Union.

In 1957, Faure was awarded the Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria.

Faure died in March 2014 at the age of 92 in Cahors, Lot. He was the last surviving signatory of the Treaty of Rome at the time of his death. He was a Protestant in his youth.
Vyacheslav I. Lebedev
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Lebedev (Russian: Вячеслав Иванович Лебедев; born April 1, 1950) is a Russian apiologist, Doctor of Sciences, Professor at the P.A. Kostychev Ryazan State Agrotechnological University (since 1995), Director of the Russian Research Institute of Apiculture (2011—2015), Сorresponding Member of the Petrovskaya Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Laureate of the 2000 State Prize of the Russian Federation and of the 2003 Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education.

He graduated from the Ryazan State University in 1972. 
In 1993, he defended his doctoral dissertation at the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. In 1996, he received the title of Professor.

He is a member of the editorial board of the Russian journal "Pchelovodstvo".

He is a Doctor Honoris Causa of the Grodno State Agricultural University (2013). He was awarded a Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan".

Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (full name in Russian: Российский государственный аграрный университет — МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева) is one of the oldest agrarian educational institutions in Moscow, Russia. It was founded on December 3, 1865. It is under the Supervisory of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture. It was named for Kliment Timiryazev, a Russian botanist and physiologist and proponent of evolution by natural selection. Prior to this it was called the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy.
Gordon L. Brady
Gordon L. Brady is an American Economist, Professor and Writer and resides in Vienna, Virginia.

Gordon Brady received his B.A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1967, a M.A. in economics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1973, a Ph.D. in economics from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1976 and Master of Studies in Law from Yale Law School . He has published more than 70 papers and 3 books, including Government: Whose Obedient Servant? A Primer on Public Choice. With Arthur Seldon and Gordon Tullock (2000), On the Trail of Homo Economicus: Essays by Gordon Tullock Edited with Robert Tollison (1994) and Duncan Black: Selected Works of the Unpublished Legacy Edited with Gordon Tullock (1995).

Duncan Black
Duncan Black, FBA (23 May 1908 – 14 January 1991) was a Scottish economist who laid the foundations of social choice theory and public choice. In particular he was responsible for unearthing the work of many early political scientists, including Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, and was responsible for the Black electoral system, a Condorcet method whereby, in the absence of a Condorcet winner (e.g. due to a cycle), the Borda winner is chosen.
Rémi Raymond
Rémi Raymond (December 5, 1811 – July 15, 1891) was a businessman, farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented St. Hyacinthe in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1863 to 1866.

He was born Augustin-Rémi Raymond in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, the son of Joseph Raymond and Louise Cartier, and was educated at Saint-Hyacinthe college. Raymond was a founding director of the Banque de Saint-Hyacinthe and of the Compagnie d'imprimerie de Saint-Hyacinthe, which printed the Courrier de Saint-Hyacinthe. He was married three times: to Héloïse Bouthillier in 1838; to Sophie Lapart in 1850; and finally to Emma Birs in 1870. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly in an 1863 by-election held after Louis-Victor Sicotte was named a judge. Raymond ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Canadian House of Commons in 1867. He died in Saint-Hyacinthe at the age of 79.

His sister Adèle married Augustin-Norbert Morin.

St. Hyacinthe (electoral district)
St. Hyacinthe (French: Saint-Hyacinthe) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1917.

It was created by the British North America Act, 1867. The electoral district was abolished in 1914 when it was merged into St. Hyacinthe—Rouville riding.
Dative construction
The dative construction is a grammatical way of constructing a sentence using the dative case. A sentence is also said to be in dative construction if the subject and the object (direct or indirect) can switch their places for a given verb, without altering the verb's structure (subject becoming the new object, and the object becoming the new subject). The latter case is not to be confused with the passive voice, where only the direct object of a sentence becomes the subject of the passive-voiced sentence, and the verb's structure also changes to convey the meaning of the passive voice. The dative construction tends to occur when the verb indicates a state rather than an action.

Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and many other languages present number categories of singular or plural. Some languages also have a dual, trial and paucal number or other arrangements.

The word "number" is also used in linguistics to describe the distinction between certain grammatical aspects that indicate the number of times an event occurs, such as the semelfactive aspect, the iterative aspect, etc. For that use of the term, see "Grammatical aspect".
Dimkov Glacier
Dimkov Glacier (Bulgarian: Димков ледник, romanized: Dimkov lednik, IPA: [ˈdimkof ˈlɛdnik]) is a 6 km long and 4.3 km wide glacier draining the western slopes of Solvay Mountains on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It is situated southwest of Rush Glacier and west of Jenner Glacier, and flows southwestwards between Kondolov Peak and Sheynovo Peak to enter Duperré Bay south of Humann Point.

The glacier is named for the Bulgarian theoretician and practitioner of traditional medicine Petar Dimkov (1886-1981).

Solvay Mountains
The Solvay Mountains are a mountain range that rises to 1590 m (Cook Summit) and extends in an ENE–WSW direction in the south part of Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. They were discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–99, under Adrien de Gerlache, and named by him for Ernest-John Solvay (1895-1972), the recently born grandson of Ernest Solvay, who sponsored the expedition. The name originally extended along the entire east coast of the island but has been limited to the prominent mountains in the south, while the principal group of mountains farther north was subsequently named Stribog Mountains, separated from Solvay Mountains by Aluzore Gap.
1993 Newsweek Tennis Classic
The 1993 Newsweek Tennis Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington, D.C. in the United States that was part of the Championship Series of the 1993 ATP Tour. It was the 25th edition of the tournament was held from July 19 through July 25, 1993. Eighth-seeded Amos Mansdorf won the singles title.

ATP International Series Gold
ATP International Series Gold (known from 1990 to 1999 as the ATP Championship Series) was a series of professional tennis tournaments held internationally between 2000 and 2008 that were part of the ATP Tour. The tournaments were positioned below the ATP Masters Series, and above the ATP International Series in terms of prize money and ranking points available.

International Series Gold tournaments offered players cash prizes (purses from $755,000 to $1,426,250 as of 2008) and the ability to earn ATP ranking points. See Association of Tennis Professionals#ATP rankings for more details.

Effective in 2009, this series of tournaments became the ATP Tour 500, incorporating many of the same tournaments. The "500" represents the number of ATP ranking points earned by the winner of each event in the series.