hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Journal of Botany
The New Journal of Botany was a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the native flora of Northern and Western Europe. It also included population and conservation biology, ecological genetics, autecological, physiological, and phenological studies, plant/animal interactions, and plant biochemistry. It was established in 1949 as Watsonia, with the subtitle Journal & Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles. It was named after the eighteenth-century British botanist Hewett Watson. The journal was renamed New Journal of Botany in 2011 with volume numbering restarting at 1. It was discontinued in 2017. The journal was published by Maney Publishing on behalf of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. It was abstracted and indexed in AGRICOLA, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, and Scopus.

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
Bloom (Red Velvet album)
Bloom is the first Japanese studio album (third overall) by South Korean girl group Red Velvet. It was released on April 6, 2022, through Avex Trax. Bloom is Red Velvet's first studio album released in four years and five months after the group's second Korean studio album Perfect Velvet (2017).

Avex Trax
Avex Trax (Japanese: エイベックス トラックス, Hepburn: Eibekkusu Torakkusu) is a record label owned by Japanese entertainment conglomerate Avex Inc. The label was launched in September 1988, and was the first label by the Group.
Apistogramma borellii
Apistogramma borellii, common names umbrella cichlid, umbrella apisto and yellow dwarf cichlid, is a species of fish in the genus Apistogramma.

It is a South American dwarf cichlid, found in the Paraguay River and Paraná River. They are found further south than most other members of the genus and can thus tolerate cooler temperatures. The umbrella cichlid eats insects and crustaceans. The specific name honours the zoologist Alfredo Borelli (1858–1943), who collected the type.

Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Río Paraguay in Spanish) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil and Paraguay and forming parts of the Paraguay-Argentina, Brazil-Bolivia, and Brazil-Paraguay borders. It flows about 2,621 kilometres (1,629 mi) from its headwaters in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to its confluence with the Paraná River north of Corrientes and Resistencia.
James Pond 3
James Pond 3: Operation Starfish (stylized as Operation Starfi5h, after the fictional secret service F.I.5.H) is a 1993 video game for Mega Drive/Genesis, Amiga and Amiga CD32, Super NES and Game Gear. It is the third and last game in the James Pond series. It is also the only one that was only released for AGA Amigas: the Amiga 1200,  Amiga 4000 and CD32.

The game's working title was James Pond 3: Splash Gordon, a play on Flash Gordon. Although it enjoyed good sales, it was not as well received as other games in the series.

Amiga 4000
The Amiga 4000, or A4000, from Commodore is the successor of the Amiga 2000 and Amiga 3000 computers.  There are two models: the A4000/040 released in October 1992 with a Motorola 68040 CPU, and the A4000/030 released in April 1993 with a Motorola 68EC030.

The Amiga 4000 system design was generally similar to that of the A3000, but introduced the Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA) chipset with enhanced graphics. The SCSI system from previous Amigas was replaced by the lower-cost Parallel ATA.

The original A4000 is housed in a beige horizontal desktop box with a separate keyboard. Later, Commodore released an expanded tower version called the A4000T.

The machine is reported to have sold 11,300 units in Germany.
Cappelletti (pasta)
Cappelletti (Italian: [kappelˈletti]) are ring-shaped stuffed pasta; they are named for the characteristic shape that resembles a hat (cappello in Italian). Compared to tortellini, they have a different shape, larger size, thicker dough and different filling.

The origins of the recipe, very widespread on a territorial basis, are ancient, traditionally and historically linked to Emilia-Romagna and Marche. From these areas it then spread over the centuries, becoming a typical dish in various cities. Some recent sources specifically indicate the area in the Cesena–Ferrara–Reggio Emilia triangle as the place of origin, others report Marche as a land where cappelletti are of ancient tradition.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Sulphur Mountain Formation
The Sulphur Mountain Formation is a geologic formation of Early to Middle Triassic age. It is present on the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the foothills and Rocky Mountains of western Alberta and northeastern British Columbia. It includes marine fossils from the time shortly after the Permian-Triassic extinction event.

The Sulphur Mountain Formation was first described as a member of the Spray River Formation by P.S. Warren in 1945, who named it for Sulphur Mountain in Banff National Park. It was later raised to formation status. Its type section is located in the Spray River gorge at the southern end of Sulphur Mountain.

Stratotype
In geology, a stratotype or type section is the physical location or outcrop of a particular reference exposure of a stratigraphic sequence or stratigraphic boundary. If the stratigraphic unit is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

It can also be defined as "The particular sequence of strata chosen as standard of reference of a layered stratigraphic unit."

When a stratigraphic unit is nowhere fully exposed, the original type section may be supplemented with reference sections covering the full thickness of the unit. A reference section may also be defined when the original type section is poorly exposed, or for historical units which were designated without specifying a type section according to more modern standards.
Lauff Island
Lauff Island is a small island lying 4 kilometres (2 nmi) north of Cape Dart, Siple Island, off the Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica.  Like its neighbor Maher Island, Lauff Island is a tuff cone. It was discovered and photographed from aircraft of U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Commander Bernard J. Lauff, U.S. Navy, Commanding Officer of USS Glacier (AGB-4) during Operation Deep Freeze, 1956–57.

Getz Ice Shelf
The Getz Ice Shelf (74°15′S 125°00′W﻿ / ﻿74.250°S 125.000°W﻿ / -74.250; -125.000﻿ (Getz Ice Shelf)) is an ice shelf over 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) long and from 20 to 60 nautical miles (37 to 111 km; 23 to 69 mi) wide, bordering the Hobbs Coast and Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, between the McDonald Heights and Martin Peninsula. 
Several large islands are partially or wholly embedded in the ice shelf.
Children Hospital, Lahore
Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, established in May 1995, is a public children's hospital located on Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The institution comes under Punjab Health Department.

Children's hospital
A children's hospital (CH) is a hospital that offers its services exclusively to infants, children, adolescents, and young adults from birth up to until age 18, and through age 21 and older in the United States. In certain special cases, they may also treat adults. The number of children's hospitals proliferated in the 20th century, as pediatric medical and surgical specialties separated from internal medicine and adult surgical specialties.
Safeway (Channel Islands)
Safeway (Channel Islands) was a supermarket chain in the Channel Islands. There were two supermarkets, one in Jersey and one in Guernsey.

The chain was founded in 1993, when Argyll Foods's Safeway division acquired them off a local businessman, Mr M D Besant.

Following Morrisons 2004 acquisition of Safeway plc, a local business, CI Traders (now Sandpiper CI), bought the two Safeway supermarkets from Morrisons in 2005 for £51 million.

In 2011 Sandpiper CI sold the stores to Waitrose, ending the Safeway name in the Channel Islands.

In February 2018, it was announced that Sandpiper CI would be rebranding its Guernsey and Jersey Food Halls as Morrisons Daily.  None of the properties involved came under the previous Morrisons branding.

Waitrose
Waitrose Limited, trading as Waitrose & Partners, is a British supermarket chain, founded in 1904 as Waite, Rose & Taylor, later shortened to Waitrose. In 1937, it was acquired by the John Lewis Partnership, the UK's largest employee-owned business, which continues to operate the brand. The company's head offices are in Bracknell, Berkshire.

As of April 2023, Waitrose & Partners operates 329 shops across Great Britain and the Channel Islands, including 65 "little Waitrose" convenience shops. They also export products to 52 countries and have locations in the Middle East.

Known for its "upmarket" reputation, as described by The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian, Waitrose has been positioned as a premium supermarket. However, former managing director Mark Price has said that its prices are competitive with those of Tesco, a mid-market chain. The company holds a royal warrant to supply groceries, wine, and spirits to King Charles III.
KonyaRay
Konyaray is a commuter rail line under construction in Konya, Turkey. It will consist of one, 26 km line running from Yaylapınar to the Konya Organized Industry Zone. The system will have 19 stops and will run via the airport and the Konya railway station. The name, like all commuter rail system names in Turkey,  is a portmanteau of the word Konya and ray, which is the Turkish word for rail. The goal of the line is to provide better transport links for Konya's industrial zones.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Admiralty chart
Admiralty charts are nautical charts issued by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) and subject to Crown Copyright. Over 3,500 Standard Nautical Charts (SNCs) and 14,000 Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) are available with the Admiralty portfolio offering the widest official coverage of international shipping routes and ports, in varying detail.

Admiralty charts have been produced by UKHO for over 200 years, with the primary aim of saving and protecting lives at sea. The core market for these charts includes over 40,000 defence and merchant ships globally. Today, their products are used by over 90% of ships trading internationally.

Crown copyright
Crown copyright is a type of copyright protection. It subsists in works of the governments of some Commonwealth realms and provides special copyright rules for the Crown, i.e. government departments and (generally) state entities. Each Commonwealth realm has its own Crown copyright regulations. There are therefore no common regulations that apply to all or a number of those countries. There are some considerations being made in Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand regarding the "reuse of Crown-copyrighted material, through new licences".
Archdeacon of Glasgow
The Archdeacon of Glasgow was the head of the Archdeaconry of Glasgow, a sub-division of the Diocese of Glasgow. He was one of two archdeacons serving the Bishop of Glasgow, the other one being the Archdeacon of Teviotdale. This archdeacon (Glasgow) was responsible for region of the Diocese of Glasgow outside the Teviotdale region of the Scottish Borders region. The position was an important position within the medieval Scottish church, because of the high number of parish churches in the archdeaconry.

Archdiocese of Glasgow (historic)
55°51′58″N 4°15′25″W﻿ / ﻿55.866°N 4.257°W﻿ / 55.866; -4.257

The Archdiocese of Glasgow was one of the thirteen (after 1633 fourteen) dioceses of the Scottish Christian church. It was the second largest diocese in the Kingdom of Scotland, including Clydesdale, Teviotdale, parts of Tweeddale, Liddesdale, Annandale, Nithsdale, Cunninghame, Kyle, and Strathgryfe, as well as Lennox, Carrick and the part of Galloway known as Desnes.

A Catholic jurisdiction, Glasgow became an archbishopric in 1492, eventually securing the dioceses of Galloway, Argyll and the Isles as suffragans. The Scottish Church broke its allegiance to Rome in 1560, but bishops continued intermittently until 1689. The Catholic jurisdiction was restored in 1878.
Rashidi Zinol
Rashidi bin Zinol is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under Chief Minister Chow Kon Yeow and Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sungai Acheh since August 2023. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He is also the only BN and UMNO Penang EXCO Member, the first one since 2008 as well as one of the only two BN and UMNO Penang MLAs alongside Bertam MLA Reezal Merican Naina Merican.

Bertam
Bertam is a state constituency in Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Penang State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1974 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.
Long Live Our State
"Long Live Our State" (Russian: Да здравствует наша держава) is a Soviet patriotic song, composed by Boris Alexandrovich Alexandrov with lyrics by Alexander Shilov. The original melody was composed in the winter of 1942 after the Soviet victory in the Battle of Moscow, with the lyrics being harmonized to it later. It was considered as a candidate for the State Anthem of the Soviet Union in 1943.

The music was used in the October Revolution Parades from 1967, and the anthem of Transnistria adopted its melody.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Outline of Ontario
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ontario:

Ontario – one of the provinces of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province or territory and fourth largest in total area. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto.

Ministry of Children, Community and Social Services
The Ministry of Children, Community and Social Services (French: Ministère des Services à l’enfance et des Services sociaux et communautaires) is the ministry in Ontario, Canada responsible for services to children and youth, social services such as welfare, the Ontario Disability Support Program, and community service programs to address homelessness, domestic violence, spousal support, adoption, and assisted housing for people with disabilities. Michael Parsa was appointed Minister of Children, Community and Social Services after the resignation of Merrilee Fullerton in 2023.
43rd Electronic Combat Squadron
The 43d Electronic Combat Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. Its current assignment is with the 55th Electronic Combat Group, being stationed as a tenant unit at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona as a geographically separated unit from its parent, the 55th Wing at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. It operates the EA-37B communications-jamming aircraft.

The squadron is one of the oldest in the United States Air Force, its origins dating to 17 August 1917, when it was organized at Kelly Field, Texas. It later served in France as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I. The squadron saw combat during World War II, and became part of Tactical Air Command during the Cold War.

Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command (TAC) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 and headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. It was inactivated on 1 June 1992 and its personnel and equipment absorbed by Air Combat Command (ACC).

Tactical Air Command was established to provide a balance between strategic, air defense, and tactical forces of the post–World War II U.S. Army Air Forces followed by, in 1947, the U.S. Air Force. In 1948, the Continental Air Command assumed control over air defense, tactical air, and air reserve forces. After two years in a subordinate role, Tactical Air Command (TAC) was established as a major command.

In 1992, after assessing the mission of TAC and to accommodate a decision made regarding Strategic Air Command (SAC), Headquarters United States Air Force deactivated TAC and incorporated its resources into the newly created ACC.
Camping World Kickoff
The Camping World Kickoff is an annual college football game played on the opening weekend of the college football season in Orlando, Florida at Camping World Stadium. The game, a collaboration between Florida Citrus Sports and ESPN Events, debuted in 2016 with a Labor Day game between Ole Miss and Florida State.

Camping World was announced as the event's title sponsor in May 2016.

The event has occurred irregularly with no games in 2017, 2020-2022, or since 2023.

Ole Miss Rebels football
The Ole Miss Rebels football program represents the University of Mississippi, also known as "Ole Miss". The Rebels compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Rebels play their home games at Vaught-Hemingway Stadium on the university's campus in University, Mississippi.

Founded in 1893, Ole Miss has won 6 Southeastern Conference titles, in 1947, 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1963. The team has been co-national champion once, with Minnesota in 1960 (the only time that Ole Miss has been acknowledged as national champion by the NCAA). Ole Miss, however, has never finished a season No. 1 in the AP or Coaches' Poll. With a record of 26–15, Ole Miss has the third-highest postseason winning percentage of schools with 30 or more bowl appearances.

Pete Golding, the program's head coach, succeeded Lane Kiffin in November 2025.
Battle of Solicinium
The Battle of Solicinium was fought in 368 between the Roman army, led by Emperor Valentinian I, and an army of Alamanni invading the province of Gaul. The Romans managed to repel the Alamanni but suffered heavy losses during the battle.

Roman army
The Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453). It is thus a term that broadly spans approximately 2,206 years, during which the force underwent numerous permutations in size, composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.
Companion Gal
Companion Gal is the third album by Helen Watson, released in 1992. The album was recorded at Rockfield Studios in Monmouth, South Wales and at The Mill in Cookham. All songs were written by Helen Watson and long-time collaborator Martin McGroarty, except for "The Devil in You" (with Keith Hopwood) and "Billy But Beautiful" (Watson). The album features guest appearances from Brinsley Schwarz and Andy Fairweather-Low.

Companion Gal was Watson's only album for RCA Records, who didn't promote it.

Brinsley Schwarz (musician)
Brinsley Ernst Pieter Schwarz (born 15 August 1947) is an English guitarist and rock musician. He is best known for playing in his eponymous band, as well as Ducks Deluxe and The Rumour. He has also recorded and produced with Colin Scot, Ernie Graham, Frankie Miller, Al Stewart, Dr. Feelgood, The Kursaal Flyers, Dave Edmunds, Carlene Carter, Nick Lowe, Desmond Dekker, Garland Jeffreys, Any Trouble, Duncan Dhu, Rachel Sweet, Man, and Mikel Erentxun.
Johan Johannson (1911–2004)
Johan Johannson (9 June 1911 – 11 July 2004) was a Norwegian businessperson.

He was a son of wholesaler Ole Hartvig Nissen Johannson. He was thus a paternal grandson of Johan Johannson and maternal great-grandson of Hartvig Nissen, and nephew of Johan Johannson.

He took over the family company, wholesaler Joh. Johannson, from his father. He was the thus third generation to run the company and was hired in the company in 1935 and he became co-owner in 1941. He was also a co-founder of Kolonialgrossistenes Kundeservice in 1946 and chaired Norske Colonialgrossisters Forbund from 1951 to 1957. Johan Johannson was a supervisory council member of Livsforsikringsselskapet Idun, Storebrand, deputy supervisory council member of the Norwegian America Line, and a board member of the libertarian organization Libertas.

He died in 2004 and was buried in Ris.

Livsforsikringsselskapet Idun
Livsforsikringsselskapet Idun was a Norwegian insurance company.

It was founded in 1861. The first chief executive was Jørgen Gjerdrum. Idun was incorporated into Storebrand in the 1970s. The current CFO is Anne Barfod, and she leads the Board.