hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Grantham
Police Constable Joseph Grantham (died 1830) was the first police officer to be killed whilst on duty in the United Kingdom.

Joseph Grantham was a police officer in the Metropolitan Police Service which had been formally established in 1829. While on duty on 28 June 1830, he intervened in a fight between two drunks in Somers Town, London, during the altercation Grantham was beaten to death. At his inquest, the jury returned a verdict of "justifiable homicide", possibly due to dislike of the new police force. Grantham was held to have contributed to his own death by "over-exertion in the discharge of his duty".

Metropolitan Police Act 1829
The Metropolitan Police Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4. c. 44) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, introduced by Sir Robert Peel, which established the Metropolitan Police. This was to be responsible for policing the newly created Metropolitan Police District, which consisted of the City of Westminster and parts of Middlesex, Surrey, and Kent, within seven miles of Charing Cross, apart from the City of London. It replaced a previously more diverse system of parish constables and watchmen. It is one of the Metropolitan Police Acts 1829 to 1895.
Astrothelium supraclandestinum
Astrothelium supraclandestinum is a species of lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This lichen species is closely related to Astrothelium subclandestinum, but differs in its hamathecium, which is not inspersed. The species is widespread and has been observed in several countries across different continents.

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
Prule Bridge
The Prule Bridge (Slovene: Prulski most) or the Brickmakers' Bridge (Opekarski most) is a bridge crossing the Ljubljanica River in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It is located in the Trnovo District to the south of the Ljubljana old town and links the residential districts of Prule (Janežič Street; Slovene: Janežičeva cesta) and Trnovo (Brickmakers' Street; Slovene: Opekarska cesta). It is shaped like a wide platform on two columns with lookout balconies and with wide pavements, covered with red brick.

The first bridge at the site was a wooden one, previously used as the St. Peter's Bridge, and was transferred here around 1918. On the left bank, Jože Plečnik embellished the otherwise insignificant bridge with three poplars. The current bridge was built in 1993 based on plans by Peter Gabrijelčič. It is a compromise between the city government that wanted to build a four-lane bridge and residents who wanted a footbridge.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
The Winding Stair (film)
The Winding Stair is a lost 1925 American silent drama film directed by John Griffith Wray and starring Alma Rubens, Edmund Lowe, and Warner Oland. It is based on the 1923 novel of the same name by the British writer A.E.W. Mason.

A. E. W. Mason
Alfred Edward Woodley Mason (7 May 1865 – 22 November 1948) was an English author and Liberal Party Member of Parliament. He is best remembered for his 1902 novel of courage and cowardice in wartime, The Four Feathers, and is also known as the creator of Inspector Hanaud, a French detective who was an early template for Agatha Christie's famous Hercule Poirot.

His prolific output in short stories and novels were frequently made and remade into films during his lifetime; though many of the silent versions have been lost or forgotten, the productions of Fire Over England (1937) and The Four Feathers (1939) remain enduring classics of British cinema.
NCMC
NCMC may stand for:

North Central Michigan College in the state of Michigan, United States of America

North Central Missouri College in the state of Missouri, United States of America

National Coalition for Marine Conservation in the United States of America

National Common Mobility Card in India

National Crisis Management Centre in New Zealand

National Common Mobility Card
National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) is a contactless smart card conceived by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ‘One Nation, One Card' vision. It was launched on 4 March 2019. The transit card enables the user to pay for travel, tolls, retail shopping and withdraw money.

It is enabled through the RuPay card mechanism. The NCMC card is issuable as a prepaid, debit, or credit RuPay card from partnered banks such as the State Bank of India, Canara Bank, Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, and others.
Karoti, Evros
Karoti (Greek: Καρωτή) is a village in the municipality of Didymoteicho in the northern part of the Evros regional unit, Greece. Its population was 181 in 2021. Karoti is 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of central Didymoteicho. It was annexed to Greece as a result of the 1919 Treaty of Neuilly.

Evros (regional unit)
Evros (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Έβρου, romanized: Perifereiakí enótita Évrou) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of East Macedonia and Thrace. Its name is derived from the river Evros, which appears to have been a Thracian hydronym. Evros is the northernmost regional unit. It borders Turkey to the east, across the river Evros, and it borders Bulgaria to the north and the northwest.

Its capital is Alexandroupolis. Together with the regional units Rhodope and Xanthi, it forms the geographical region of Western Thrace. The population density was 32 per km2 (2021).
Hitachi Cable
Hitachi Cable, Ltd. (日立電線株式会社, Hitachi Densen Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese electric wire and cable manufacturing company. It was formed from Hitachi Densen Works, the Hitachi Works spin-off previously known as Densen Works.

Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.
Lord Marshal (Sweden)
Lantmarskalk, (English: Lord Marshal; German: Lantmarschall) was the title of one of the speakers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates, from 1627 to 1866 and of the Diet of Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906. The Lantmarskalk was appointed by the Estate of the Nobles and also served as its speaker (talman). The Lantmarskalk should not be confused with the Riksmarsk (Lord High Constable of Sweden) or the Riksmarskalk (Marshal of the Realm), which were Great Officers of the Realm and royal appointees.

Between approximately 1720 and 1772 two parties Hats and Caps were active during a short period of parliamentary rule, referred to as the age of liberty.

Lord High Constable of Sweden
The Lord High Constable (Swedish: riksmarsk or only marsk) was a prominent and influential office in Sweden, from the 13th century until 1676, excluding periods when the office was out of use. The office holder was a member of the Swedish Privy Council and, from 1630 and on, the head of the Swedish Council of War. From 1634, the Lord High Constable was one of five Great Officers of the Realm.
Loop diuretic
Loop diuretics are drugs that are often used for the treatment of hypertension and edema secondary to congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or chronic kidney disease. Their effect, like all diuretics, is to cause the body to excrete more water in the urine.  Loop diuretics are more effective than thiazide diuretics in patients with impaired kidney function.  They get their name because they affect cells in a structure in the kidney called the loop of Henle.

Creatinine
Creatinine (/kriˈætɪnɪn, -ˌniːn/; from Ancient Greek  κρέας (kréas) 'flesh') is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).
Independent safety officer
An independent safety officer (ISO) is a clinician or researcher who is independent of the clinical study team and helps to monitor a clinical trial for research participant (patient) safety, adverse events, trial progress, and data quality.  An ISO has relevant experience with clinical trials as well as with the patient population and intervention being studied.  Clinical trials using an ISO are usually smaller, single-site trials with a moderate to minimal risk intervention.

Data monitoring committee
A data monitoring committee (DMC) – sometimes called a data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) – is an independent group of experts who monitor patient safety and treatment efficacy data while a clinical trial is ongoing.
Bruno Thibout
Bruno Thibout (born 8 May 1969) is a French former professional racing cyclist. He rode in three editions of the Tour de France, three editions of the Vuelta a España and two editions of the Giro d'Italia. Having ridden for the Castorama, Motorola and Cofidis teams, in retirement he has worked as a motorbike rider for the ASO during the Tour de France.

Cofidis (cycling team)
Cofidis  (UCI team code: COF) is a French professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by a money-lending company, Cofidis.  It was started in 1996 by Cyrille Guimard, the former manager of Bernard Hinault, Greg LeMond and Laurent Fignon of the Renault–Elf–Gitane team of the 1980s. The team's sponsor has supported the team despite repeated problems such as doping scandals. After it was part of the UCI ProTour for the ProTour's first five seasons, from 2010 the team competed as a UCI Professional Continental team. The team joined the UCI World Tour for the 2020 season.
Mazlizam Mohamad
Mazlizam Mohamad (born 19 September 1986) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a defender for Perlis FA in the Malaysia Premier League.

He was a member of the Malaysia national under-23 football team and a member of the 2009 Laos Sea Games Football Gold medal winning squad. He has played for the Malaysian national football team, and in summer 2009 he played twice against Manchester United in their pre season tour of the Far East.

His first cap for Malaysia came in a friendly match against India on 13 November 2011.

Perlis FA State Football Team
Perlis FA State Football Team (Malay: Pasukan Bola Sepak Negeri Perlis), also known as Perlis FA, was a football team based in Kangar, Perlis, run and managed by the Perlis Football Association (PFA). The team was founded in 1963.

It was one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure, before the Malaysian football league demanded all teams competing in the country's top two leagues to be run as professional clubs by 2021. Perlis FA was funded and run by a state football association that relied mostly on state government grants. There were plans to privatize the team after Ahmad Amizal Shaifit Ahmad was elected PFA president in 2018, but the move did not materialise because the association fell into financial crisis the following year. Their participation in the Malaysian football league was subsequently cancelled.
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology is the sacred spirituality represented in the stories performed by Aboriginal Australians within each of the language groups across Australia in their ceremonies. Aboriginal spirituality includes the Dreamtime (the Dreaming), songlines, and Aboriginal oral literature.

Aboriginal spirituality often conveys descriptions of each group's local cultural landscape, adding meaning to the whole country's topography from oral history told by ancestors from some of the earliest recorded history. Most of these spiritualities belong to specific groups, but some span the whole continent in one form or another.

Oral literature
Oral literature, orature, or folk literature is a genre of literature that is spoken or sung in contrast to that which is written, though much oral literature has been transcribed. There is no standard definition, as anthropologists have used varying descriptions for oral literature or folk literature. A broad conceptualization refers to it as literature characterized by oral transmission and the absence of any fixed form. It includes the stories, legends, and history passed through generations in a spoken form.
Women in warfare and the military (1900–1945)
This timeline of women in warfare and the military (1900–1945) deals with the role of women in the military around the world from 1900 through 1945. The two major events in this time period were World War I and World War II. Please see Women in World War I and Women in World War II for more information.

For articles specifically pertaining to the United States, see: Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945 and Timeline of women in warfare in the United States from 1900 to 1949.

Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945
This is a timeline of women in warfare in the United States up until the end of World War II. It encompasses the colonial era and indigenous peoples, as well as the entire geographical modern United States, even though some of the areas mentioned were not incorporated into the United States during the time periods that they were mentioned.

See also: Timeline of women in warfare in the United States from 1900 to 1949.
László Fuchs
László Fuchs (born June 24, 1924) is a Hungarian-born American mathematician, the Evelyn and John G. Phillips Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Mathematics at Tulane University. He is known for his research and textbooks in group theory and abstract algebra.

Hungarian Academy of Sciences
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungarian: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲoʃ ˈɒkɒdeːmijɒ], MTA) is Hungary’s foremost and most prestigious learned society. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. The Academy's primary functions include the advancement of scientific knowledge, the dissemination of research findings, the support of research and development, and the representation of science in Hungary both domestically and around the world.
Vicious Love
There are three songs with that name:

by Gabriella Cilmi, see The Sting (Gabriella Cilmi album)

by Lexy & K-Paul

by New Found Glory, featuring Hayley Williams, see Resurrection (New Found Glory album)

Lexy & K-Paul
Lexy & K-Paul are DJs from Berlin consisting of Alexander Gerlach ("Lexy", born 14 January 1976 in Dresden) and Kai Michael Paul, formerly Kai Michael Fuchs ("K-Paul", born 5 November 1973 in Berlin). Lexy is also a member of the project Die Raketen, which also consists of Adel Dior and Jan-Eric Scholz. K-Paul formed duo Fuchs und Horn together with Horn.

Their music was released on Low Spirit Recordings, which is owned by WestBam, until 2007, when they formed their own label MusicIsMusic, distributed by Kontor Records.
1988 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1988 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Ghent, Belgium from 21 to 25 August 1988. Eight events were contested, 7 for men (5 for professionals, 2 for amateurs) and 1 for women with a demonstration non-Championship points race for women.

In the same period, the 1988 UCI Road World Championships were organized in Ronse.

UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The UCI Track Cycling World Championships are the set of world championship events for the various disciplines and distances in track cycling. They are regulated by the Union Cycliste Internationale. Before 1900, they were administered by the UCI's predecessor, the International Cycling Association (ICA).

Current events include: time trial, keirin, individual pursuit, team pursuit, points race, scratch race, sprint, team sprint, omnium, madison and elimination race. Until 2024, women's events were generally shorter than men's. Since 2025, all events have the same length. Events which are no longer held include the motor paced events and tandem events.
Terry McDonough
Terry McDonough is a British television director.

He has been active since 1985. He moved on to directing episodes of Peak Practice, Eleventh Hour, Where the Heart Is, Sweet Medicine, The Royal, Wire in the Blood, The Street and Vincent.

In 2008, he began directing episodes of American television series namely Breaking Bad, The Gates, No Ordinary Family, Tower Prep, Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior and the mystery miniseries Clue.

In January 2013, he was announced as the director of the BBC docudrama An Adventure in Space and Time, which depicts the creation of the iconic British science-fiction series Doctor Who.

In 2015 and 2016, he directed four episodes of the first season of The Expanse, including the pilot episode and the season finale.

He directed the 2024 film Damaged starring Samuel L. Jackson and Vincent Cassel.

Sweet Medicine
Sweet Medicine is an ITV drama series from 2003 about a family doctor's surgery in the Peak District of central England. Intended as a replacement for the hit medical drama Peak Practice, it was not a success.  Only one ten-episode series was made, despite moderate audience figures. Some viewers considered it too raunchy, especially for a 9:00pm broadcast.

The majority of filming took place in the historic market town of Wirksworth, which made the set for the fictional Derbyshire town of Stoneford.

Sweet Medicine starred Patricia Hodge as Georgina Sweet, Jason Merrells as Dr. Nicholas Sweet and Gillian Kearney as Dr. Deb Sweet.
Small nucleolar RNA snoR9 plant
In molecular biology, snoR9 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).  It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA'.

R9 is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

This plant snoRNA was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by computational screening and experimentally verified by primer extension analysis. This snoRNA is not related to the snoRNA identified in hyperthermophiles also called snoR9.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Limnoperna fortunei
Limnoperna fortunei, the golden mussel, is a medium-sized freshwater bivalve mollusc of the family Mytilidae. The native range of the species is China, but it has accidentally been introduced to South America and several Asian countries where it has become an invasive species. It is considered to be an ecosystem engineer because it alters the nature of the water and the bottom habitats of lakes and rivers and modifies the associated invertebrate communities. It also has strong effects on the properties of the water column, modifying nutrient proportions and concentrations, increasing water transparency, decreasing phytoplankton and zooplankton densities, on which it feeds, and enhancing the growth of aquatic macrophytes. Because mussels attach to hard substrata, including the components of industrial, water-treatment and power plants, they have become a major biofouling problem in the areas invaded.

Ecosystem engineer
An ecosystem engineer is any species that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat. These organisms can have a large impact on species richness and landscape-level heterogeneity of an area. As a result, ecosystem engineers are important for maintaining the health and stability of the environment they are living in. Since all organisms impact the environment they live in one way or another, it has been proposed that the term "ecosystem engineers" be used only for keystone species whose behavior very strongly affects other organisms.
1971 USSR Chess Championship
The 1971 Soviet Chess Championship was the 39th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 15 September to 18 October 1971 in Leningrad. The tournament was won by Vladimir Savon. It was an amazing result, the title fell to the little-known international master Savon. He only learned the moves at the late age of 13, and lived in a small country settlement where he could find no strong opposition. The final were preceded by semifinals events at Daugavpils, Ivano Frankivsk, Novosibirsk and Perm.

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.
Rappers Delight Club
The Rappers Delight Club was a rotating group of American elementary and middle school rappers from Silver Spring, Maryland. The group is most notable for their appearance in British funk/rock band The Go! Team’s second album, Proof of Youth, on the song "Universal Speech".

Silver Spring, Maryland
Silver Spring is a census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, near Washington, D.C. Although officially unincorporated, it is an edge city with a population of 81,015 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous place in Maryland after Baltimore, Columbia, Germantown, and Waldorf.

Downtown Silver Spring, located next to the northern tip of Washington, D.C., is the oldest and most urbanized area of Silver Spring, surrounded by several inner suburban residential neighborhoods inside the Capital Beltway. Many mixed-use developments combining retail, residential, and office space have been built since 2004.

Silver Spring takes its name from a mica-flecked spring discovered there in 1840 by Francis Preston Blair, who subsequently bought much of the area's surrounding land. Acorn Park, south of downtown, is believed to be the site of the original spring.