hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magoua
Magoua (French pronunciation: [maɡwa]) is a particular dialect of basilectal Quebec French spoken in the Trois-Rivières area, between Trois-Rivières and Maskinongé.  Long before a military fort was constructed there, Trois-Rivières became in 1615 the first stronghold of the coureurs des bois outside the city of Québec.  Magoua is the ethnonym applied to their descendants in the area. Magoua is the most conservative of all Quebec French varieties, including Joual. It preserves the sontaient ("étaient") characteristic of Métis French and Louisiana French, has a creole-like past tense particle tà and has old present-tense contraction of a former verb "to be" that behave in the same manner as subject clitics.

Its name may derive from a word in Atikamekw: Makwa (French: huard), which means loon (Gavia immer).

Post-creole continuum
A post-creole continuum (or simply creole continuum) is a dialect continuum of varieties of a creole language between those most and least similar to the superstrate language (that is, a closely related language whose speakers assert or asserted dominance of some sort). Due to social, political, and economic factors, a creole language can decreolize towards one of the languages from which it is descended, aligning its morphology, phonology, and syntax to the local standard of the dominant language but to different degrees depending on a speaker's status.
Stylomastoid artery
The stylomastoid artery enters the stylomastoid foramen and supplies the tympanic cavity, the tympanic antrum and mastoid cells, and the semicircular canals. It is a branch of the posterior auricular artery, and thus part of the external carotid arterial system.

In the young subject, a branch from this vessel forms, with the anterior tympanic artery from the internal maxillary, a vascular circle, which surrounds the tympanic membrane, and from which delicate vessels ramify on that membrane.

It anastomoses with the superficial petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery by a twig which enters the hiatus canalis facialis.

Anastomosis
An anastomosis (/əˌnæstəˈmoʊsɪs/, pl.: anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the patent foramen ovale in an adult's heart); it may be acquired (such as an arteriovenous fistula) or innate (such as the arteriovenous shunt of a metarteriole); and it may be natural (such as the aforementioned examples) or artificial (such as a surgical anastomosis). The reestablishment of an anastomosis that had become blocked is called a reanastomosis. Anastomoses that are abnormal, whether congenital or acquired, are often called fistulas.

The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, cybernetics, as well as geology, and geography.
Castiarina nasuta
Castiarina nasuta is a species of beetle in the Buprestidae family, which is endemic to Australia and found along the east coast of Australia between Melbourne and Brisbane. It is one of several Jewel Beetles that exhibits Batesian mimicry of Lycid Beetles in the genus Porrostoma as the Lycid Beetles taste vile to predators. C. nasuta can be distinguished from similar species such as C. erythroptera, C. rufipennis and C. subpura by having a crinkly looking pronotum. It is typically found in flowering shrubs such as Leptospermum and Bursaria.

Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the pronotum (dorsal), the prosternum (ventral), and the propleuron (lateral) on each side. The prothorax never bears wings in extant insects (except in some cases of atavism), though some fossil groups possessed wing-like projections. All adult insects possess legs on the prothorax, though in a few groups (e.g., the butterfly family Nymphalidae) the forelegs are greatly reduced. In many groups of insects, the pronotum is reduced in size, but in a few it is hypertrophied, such as in all beetles (Coleoptera). In most treehoppers (family Membracidae, order Hemiptera), the pronotum is expanded into often fantastic shapes that enhance their camouflage or mimicry. Similarly, in the Tetrigidae, the pronotum is extended backward to cover the flight wings, supplanting the function of the tegmina.
God's Spy
God's Spy (Espía de Dios in Spanish) is a bestselling thriller novel by Juan Gómez-Jurado originally published in Spain in 2006, and in English in 2007. It has become an instant bestseller throughout Europe with a million copies sold to date and is going to be published in 42 countries. The plot is set in the Vatican, where, in the aftermath of Pope John Paul II's death, the hunt for a serial killer and sex offender — and former priest — reveals a chilling conspiracy. It is a detective story where the psychological portrait of Victor Karosky, the serial killer (whose name is known from the first line of the book) is the spine of the novel. The action also takes place in a Maryland institution called the Saint Matthew Institute, a center for the rehabilitation of priest with a history of sexual abuse, which is based on a real-life place. This subject has aroused controversial issues in Catholic countries as Spain and Poland.

Apostolic Palace
The Apostolic Palace is the official residence of the Pope, the head of the Catholic Church, located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Papal Palace, the Palace of the Vatican and the Vatican Palace. The Vatican itself refers to the building as the Palace of Sixtus V, in honor of Pope Sixtus V, who built most of the present form of the palace.

The building contains the papal apartments, various offices of the Catholic Church and the Holy See, private and public chapels, the Vatican Museums, and the Vatican Library, including the Sistine Chapel, Raphael Rooms, and the Borgia Apartments. Tourists can see this part of the palace, but other parts, such as the Sala Regia (Regal Room) and Cappella Paolina, had long been closed to tourists, though the Sala Regia allowed occasional tourism by 2019. The Scala Regia (Regal Staircase) can be viewed from one end and used to enter the Sala Regia. The Cappella Paolina remains closed to tourists.
ALCO RS-3
The ALCO RS-3 is a 1,600 hp (1.2 MW), B-B diesel-electric locomotive manufactured from May 1950 to August 1956 by American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and its subsidiary Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW). A total of 1,418 were produced: 1,272 for American railroads, 98 for Canadian railroads, 48 for Brazilian railroads, and 7 for Mexican railroads.

The RS-3 greatly resembled the earlier RS-2 and somewhat resembles the RS-1, but it had 100 more horsepower thanks to its 12-cylinder, 1,600 hp ALCO Model 244 engine. It also had some changes to the fuel system and body shape.

Much like the RS-1, many RS-3s served for decades; some are still in use as of 2022.

Railroad Museum of New England
The Railroad Museum of New England (reporting mark RMNE) is a railroad museum based in Thomaston, Connecticut. Through its operating subsidiary known as the Naugatuck Railroad, the museum operates excursion and freight trains on the Torrington Secondary between Waterville and Torrington. The Railroad Museum of New England name and trademark was adopted in 1987, as a result of reassessing the Connecticut Valley Railroad Museum's goals and visions (CVRM had been founded in the mid-1960s). Home to one of the largest collections of preserved historic railroad equipment in New England, RMNE and its predecessor organizations have been active since the 1960s.
3D Tank Duel
3D Tank Duel is a video game developed by Realtime Games Software for the ZX Spectrum home computer. It is a clone of the arcade game Battlezone, featuring wireframe 3D graphics with colour.

The game was later re-released in 1989 as Battle Tank Simulator by Zeppelin Games.

Eutechnyx
Eutechnyx Limited (formerly Zeppelin Games Limited, until 1994, and Merit Studios (Europe) Limited, until 1997) was a British video game developer based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Since 1997, the company focused on racing games. They were known for their universally panned video game Ride to Hell: Retribution, for work with the NASCAR The Game franchise, and as a developer on various other racing titles and games.

After not releasing any games in 10 years (NASCAR '15 being their last title), the company was finally shut down on May 20, 2025, with Eutechnyx Limited being dissolved and Eutechnyx Holdings Limited also undergoing insolvency.
B. M. Srikantaiah
Belluru Mylaraiah Srikantaiah (3 January 1884 – 5 January 1946), was an Indian author, writer and translator of Kannada literature. He was born in Sampige village of Turuvekere Taluk,his mother house and his father is from Bellur of Nagamangala.

Belluru Cross
Belluru  is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Nagamangala taluk of Mandya district in Karnataka.

The village has an ancient temple of Adi Madavaraya, (Vishnu). Said to be constructed during Saint Ramanujacharya stay in Melkote.
Takamatsu Art Museum
The Takamatsu Art Museum (高松市美術館, Takamatsu-shi Bijutsukan) opened in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, in 1988. The collection, totalling over 1,700 works, has three principal strands: post-war Japanese art, modern and contemporary world art, and the arts and crafts of Kagawa Prefecture. The Museum's predecessor institution, Takamatsu Bijutsukan (高松美術館), opened in Ritsurin Garden in 1949.

Ritsurin Garden
Ritsurin Garden (栗林公園, Ritsurin Kōen) is a large, historic garden in Takamatsu, Japan. It was completed in 1745 as a private strolling garden and villa for the local feudal lords, and opened to the public in 1875. Ritsurin is one of the largest strolling gardens in Japan, and a major tourist attraction for Kagawa Prefecture.

Ritsurin Garden lies in a former river bed on the east side of Mt. Shiun. Numerous ponds and small artificial hills dot the garden. The southern portion is in traditional Japanese style, with historic teahouses and numerous shaped pine trees. After becoming a public garden in 1875, the north portion underwent Western-style redesigns, and a large museum (currently the multipurpose Commerce and Industry Promotion Hall) and folk craft galleries were built in the center of the garden. For a time, the garden even housed a zoo and swimming pool, since closed and removed.
Bay Area Technology School
The Bay Area Technology School (BayTech) is a charter school located in Oakland, California, United States. BayTech is a college prep middle and high school which serves 6th through 12th grade students from the East Bay Region. The school was established in 2004 by Willow Education Foundation.

In 2018, BayTech was under investigation for fraud by the Oakland Unified School District, when several senior staff, board members, and its principal abruptly resigned from their positions. The school has been linked to the Gulen movement by local press.

East Bay
37°42′N 122°00′W﻿ / ﻿37.7°N 122°W﻿ / 37.7; -122

The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. With a population of roughly 2.8 million in 2024, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area, containing the second- and third-most populous Bay Area counties of Alameda (1.7 million) and Contra Costa (1.1 million).

Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay by population and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon, and Walnut Creek.
The Complete DreamWorks Albums
The Complete DreamWorks Albums is a 2015 box set of seven albums from American indie rock band Eels, released in the 1990s and 2000s: Beautiful Freak (1996), Electro-Shock Blues (1998), Daisies of the Galaxy (2000), Souljacker (2001), Electro-Shock Blues Show (2002, recorded live in 1998), and Shootenanny! (2003). The collection has received positive reviews by critics.

Novocaine for the Soul
"Novocaine for the Soul" is a song by American rock band Eels. It was released in mid-July 1996 as the lead single from their debut album, Beautiful Freak. The song charted in several countries including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands.
Renschler
Renschler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Renschler (born 1958), German engineer

Beate Renschler (born 1958), German gymnast

Hans Renschler (1925–2011), German scientist

Helmut Renschler, German military veteran

Andreas Renschler
Andreas Renschler (born 29 March 1958, in Stuttgart) is a German engineering manager. He is the former Chief Executive Officer of TRATON SE and member of the Board of Management of Volkswagen AG. Furthermore he is chairman of the Latin America Committee of German Business.

He was previously a member of the Daimler AG Board of Management from 1 October 2004 until 29 January 2014.
Escher (surname)
Escher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Escher (1819−1883), a Swiss politician and railway pioneer

Arnold Escher von der Linth (1807−1872), a Swiss geologist

Berend George Escher (1885−1967), a Dutch geologist, half-brother of M. C. Escher

George Arnold Escher  (1843−1939), a Dutch civil engineer, foreign advisor to Japan, father of M. C. Escher

Gitta Escher (born 1957), a German gymnast

Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth (1767−1823), a Swiss scientist, civil engineer and politician

Heinrich Escher (1626−1710), a Swiss politician, mayor of Zürich

Josef Escher (1885−1954), a Swiss Federal Councilor

Jutta Escher, German-American physicist

Luiz Jeferson Escher (born 1987), Brazilian footballer

Lydia Escher (1858−1891), a Swiss patron of the arts

M. C. Escher (Maurits Cornelis Escher; 1898−1972), a Dutch graphic artist

Rudolf George Escher (1912−1980), a Dutch composer and music theoretician

Sandra Escher (born 1945), a Dutch psychiatrist

Lydia Welti-Escher
Lydia Welti-Escher (10 July 1858 – 12 December 1891) was a Swiss patron of the arts. The only surviving child of businessman and politician Alfred Escher, she was one of the richest women in Switzerland at the time and established the Gottfried Keller Foundation.

She married Friedrich Emil Welti but had an affair with the artist Karl Stauffer-Bern; both she and Stauffer eventually died by suicide.
1979 Campeonato Gaúcho
The 59th season of the Campeonato Gaúcho kicked off on March 7, 1979, and ended on December 16, 1979. Twenty teams participated. Grêmio won their 21st title. 14 de Julho de Passo Fundo and Cachoeira were relegated.

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
Wheeler–DeWitt equation
The Wheeler–DeWitt equation for theoretical physics and applied mathematics, is a field equation attributed to John Archibald Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt. The equation attempts to mathematically combine the ideas of quantum mechanics and general relativity, a step towards a theory of quantum gravity.

In this approach, time plays a role different from what it does in non-relativistic quantum mechanics, leading to the so-called "problem of time". More specifically, the equation describes the quantum version of the Hamiltonian constraint using metric variables. Its commutation relations with the diffeomorphism constraints generate the Bergman–Komar "group" (which is the diffeomorphism group on-shell).

Time in physics
In physics, time is defined by its measurement: time is what a clock reads.  In classical, non-relativistic physics, it is a scalar quantity (often denoted by the symbol ) and, like length, mass, and charge, is usually described as a fundamental quantity. Time can be combined mathematically with other physical quantities to derive other concepts such as motion, kinetic energy and time-dependent fields.  Timekeeping is a complex of technological and scientific issues, and part of the foundation of recordkeeping.
1908 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1908 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1908. Democratic incumbent John Albert Johnson defeated republican challenger Jacob F. Jacobson. Johnson would become only the second governor of Minnesota to be elected to a third term, the first being John S. Pillsbury in 1879. Johnson would not then become the second governor to serve three full terms, as he would die while only eight months into office in September of 1909.

John S. Pillsbury
John Sargent Pillsbury (July 29, 1827 – October 18, 1901) was an American politician, businessman, and philanthropist. A Republican, he served as the eighth Governor of Minnesota from 1876 to 1882. He was a co-founder of the Pillsbury Company.
Obaid Al Tayer
Obaid Al Tayer (Arabic: عبيد الطاير; born October 1952) is an Emirati businessman and politician. He is the Chairman of Al Tayer Group and served as cabinet member and Minister of State for Financial Affairs in the United Arab Emirates in the Ministry of Finance. He served in the cabinet until September 2021.

Ministry of Finance (United Arab Emirates)
The Ministry of Finance (MoF) (Arabic: وزارة المالية) is the ministry of the federal government of United Arab Emirates which is responsible for public finances. The ministry's objective is to promote fiscal planning and fiscal sustainability of the federal government of the United Arab Emirates. The ministry is located in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
Charles ffoulkes
Charles John ffoulkes (1868–1947) was a British historian, and curator of the Royal Armouries at London. He was a younger son of the Reverend Edmund ffoulkes. He wrote extensively on medieval arms and armour.

He was selected as the Curator of the Armouries by his predecessor, Harold Arthur Lee-Dillon, and assumed the office on 1 January 1913.

He served in the First World War in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve.  He was in command of a pom-pom gun on the roof of Gresham College in London when it was called into action against German Zeppelin bomber L13/LZ 45 on 8 September 1915.

He played an important role in the British Arts and Crafts movement, and was an acquaintance of William Morris.

He was subsequently first curator and secretary of the newly formed Imperial War Museum in London. In the 1925 Birthday Honours ffoulkes was awarded an OBE.

His wife Maude Mary Chester ffoulkes (née Craven) (1871–1949) was a ghostwriter.

Zeppelin P Class
The Zeppelin P Class was the first Zeppelin airship type to be produced in quantity after the outbreak of the First World War. Twenty-two of the type were built as well as twelve of a lengthened version, the Q Class.  They were used for many of the airship bombing raids on the United Kingdom in 1915-16, for naval patrol work over the North Sea and Baltic and were also deployed on the eastern and south-eastern fronts.
Variance-based sensitivity analysis
Variance-based sensitivity analysis (often referred to as the Sobol’ method or Sobol’ indices, after Ilya M. Sobol’) is a form of global sensitivity analysis. Working within a probabilistic framework, it decomposes the variance of the output of the model or system into fractions which can be attributed to inputs or sets of inputs. For example, given a model with two inputs and one output, one might find that 70% of the output variance is caused by the variance in the first input, 20% by the variance in the second, and 10% due to interactions between the two. These percentages are directly interpreted as measures of sensitivity. Variance-based measures of sensitivity are attractive because they measure sensitivity across the whole input space (i.e. it is a global method), they can deal with nonlinear responses, and they can measure the effect of interactions in non-additive systems.

Sobol sequence
Sobol' sequences (also called LPτ sequences or (t, s) sequences in base 2) are a type of quasi-random low-discrepancy sequence. They were first introduced by the Russian mathematician Ilya M. Sobol’ (Илья Меерович Соболь) in 1967.

These sequences use a base of two to form successively finer uniform partitions of the unit interval and then reorder the coordinates in each dimension.
Saratan
Saratan (Russian: Саратан; Altay: Саратан) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Saratanskoye Rural Settlement, Ulagansky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 749 as of 2016. There are 6 streets.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
Kelch (surname)
Kelch is a surname of German-language origin and may have originated from one of the following meanings:

the nickname "Kelch", which means "double chin" or "goiter" in Middle High German

"chalice" or "goblet" in German (wikt:Kelch, de:wikt:Kelch)

Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Kelch, Russian nobleman

Jim Kelch, American sports announcer

Pat Kelch (born 1966), Irish footballer

Alexander Kelch
Alexander Ferdinandovich Kelch was a Russian nobleman who lived in St Petersburg at the end of the 19th century.  He is remembered mainly as a patron of Fabergé, having commissioned the Kelch Gothic Revival silver service and seven eggs  for his wife Barbara (Varvara).

His wealth came from marrying his brother's widow Varvara Petrovna Bazanova, whose family had made a fortune in Siberian industry, particularly gold-mining.  The Bazanov business empire collapsed after the Russo-Japanese War; the couple divorced in 1915, Varvara moving to Paris and Alexander remaining as a pauper in Russia; he was arrested and disappeared in Siberia in 1930.
Endorsements in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)
The following list contains a run down of politicians, individuals, Constituency Labour Parties, trade unions (both Labour Party affiliated and not), socialist societies, newspapers, magazines and other organisations that endorsed a candidate in the 2016 leadership election

Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
The shadow chief secretary to the treasury is the most junior member of the Shadow Cabinet, and is the deputy to the shadow chancellor of the exchequer. The shadow chief secretary to the treasury acts as the primary opposition to the equivalent Governmental position, the chief secretary to the treasury, who is deputy to the chancellor of the exchequer. Currently the position of shadow chief secretary to the treasury is held by Richard Fuller.