hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hass refugee camp bombing
The Hass refugee camp bombing was an aerial bombardment of a refugee camp in the Syrian opposition-held town of Hass in the Idlib Governorate of Syria, which has been deemed a war crime by Human Rights Watch. It was perpetrated on 16 August 2019, at 7:25 p.m. local time, during the Syrian civil war. The bombing killed 20 civilians, including a pregnant woman, and injured another 52 people.

Aerial bombing of cities
The aerial bombing of cities is an optional element of strategic bombing, which became widespread in warfare during World War I. The bombing of cities grew to a vast scale in World War II and is still practiced today. The development of aerial bombardment marked an increased capacity of armed forces to deliver ordnance from the air against combatants, military bases, and factories, with a greatly reduced risk to its ground forces. The killing of civilians and non-combatants in bombed cities has variously been a deliberate goal of strategic bombing, or unavoidable collateral damage resulting from intent and technology. A number of multilateral efforts have been made to restrict the use of aerial bombardment so as to protect non-combatants and other civilians.
North Caucasus Economic Region
North Caucasus Economic Region (Се́веро-Кавка́зский экономи́ческий райо́н; tr.: Severo-Kavkazskiy ekonomicheskiy rayon) is one of 12 economic regions of Russia. It comprises the whole of the North Caucasian Federal District and the western federal subjects of the Southern Federal District.

In this area, descending northward from the principal chain of the Caucasus Mountains to a level plain, are found rich deposits of oil, natural gas, and coal. Major cities include Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Makhachkala, Stavropol, Grozny, Vladikavkaz and Novorossiysk. Sochi is a popular resort city. Farm machinery, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are the chief products. The Kuban River region, a fertile black-earth area, is one of the chief granaries of Russia. Wheat, sugar beets, tobacco, rice, and sunflower seeds are grown, and cattle are raised. Other rivers include the Don, the Kuma, and the Terek, and the Volga–Don Canal is a major transportation route.

Volga–Don Canal
Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal (Russian: Волго-Донской судоходный канал имени В. И. Ленина, Volga-Donskoy sudokhodniy kanal imeni V. I. Lenina, abbreviated ВДСК, VDSK) is a ship canal in Russia. It connects the Volga and the Don at their closest points. Opened in 1952, its length is 101 km (63 mi), 45 km (28 mi) of which is through rivers and reservoirs.

The canal forms a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. Together with the lower Volga and the lower Don, the canal provides the shortest navigable connection between the Caspian Sea and the world's oceans via the Sea of Azov, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.
SECORE
SECORE (SExual COral REproduction) is an international non-profit organization focused on coral reef conservation. The group has over sixty supporters in North America, Europe and Japan, and comprises public aquariums, institutes, and universities. Founded in 2001 at the Rotterdam Zoo in the Netherlands, the organization has been developing methods of captive coral reproduction and preservation, citing studies that have predicted coral reefs could be extinct within decades due to climate change.

Institute
An institute is an organizational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body.

In some countries, institutes can be part of a university or other institutions of higher education, either as a group of departments or an autonomous educational institution without a traditional university status such as a "university institute", or institute of technology. In some countries, such as South Korea and India, private schools are sometimes referred to as institutes; also, in Spain, secondary schools are referred to as institutes.

Historically, in some countries, institutes were educational units imparting vocational training and often incorporating libraries, also known as mechanics' institutes.

The word "institute" comes from the Latin word institutum ("facility" or "habit"), in turn derived from instituere ("build", "create", "raise" or "educate").
Young Emotions
"Young Emotions" is a song written by Jerry Livingston and Mack David and performed by Ricky Nelson. The song reached No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 28 on the R&B chart, and No. 48 on the UK Singles Chart in 1960.  The single's B-side, "Right by My Side", reached No. 59 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song is ranked No. 85 on Billboard magazine's Top 100 Songs of 1960.

Mack David
Mack David (July 5, 1912 – December 30, 1993) was an American lyricist and songwriter, notable for his work in film and television, with a career spanning the period between the early 1940s and the early 1970s. David was credited with writing lyrics or music or both for over one thousand songs.  He was particularly well known for his work on the Disney films Cinderella and Alice in Wonderland, and for the mostly-English lyrics through which Édith Piaf's signature song "La Vie en rose" gained much of its familiarity among native speakers of English.

David was the elder brother of American lyricist and songwriter Hal David.
Lake Jabs
Lake Jabs is a small lake next east of Club Lake in the central part of Breidnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. The area was photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (1954–58) and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956). The lake was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia after B.V. Jabs, a weather observer at nearby Davis Station in 1961.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
38 BC
Year 38 BC was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pulcher and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 716 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 38 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. It was also the first year (year 1) of the Spanish era calendar in use in Hispania until the 15th century.

Leap year starting on Monday
A leap year starting on Monday is any year with 366 days (i.e. it includes 29 February) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are GF. The most recent year of such kind was 2024, and the next one will be 2052 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2008 and 2036 in the obsolete Julian calendar.

Any leap year that starts on Monday has two Friday the 13ths: those two in this leap year occur in September and December. Common years starting on Tuesday share this characteristic.

This year has three months (June, September and December) which begin on a weekend-day.
Alaska Senate district S
Alaska Senate district S is one of 20 districts of the Alaska Senate. It has been represented by Democrat Lyman Hoffman since 2003. Hoffman previously represented District M from 1991-1993 and District T from 1995–2003. District T is located in Southwest Alaska and encompasses the entirety of Alaska's 37th House of Representatives district and 38th House of Representatives district, including the Aleutian Islands, Bethel, and Bristol Bay.

Bristol Bay
Bristol Bay (Central Yupik: Iilgayaq, Russian: Бристольский Залив) is the easternmost arm of the Bering Sea, at 57° to 59° North 157° to 162° West in Southwest Alaska. Bristol Bay is 400 km (250 mi) long and 290 km (180 mi) wide at its mouth.  A number of rivers flow into the bay, including the Cinder, Egegik, Igushik, Kvichak, Meshik, Nushagak, Naknek, Togiak, and Ugashik.

Upper reaches of Bristol Bay experience some of the highest tides in the world.  One such reach, the Nushagak Bay near Dillingham and another near Naknek in Kvichak Bay have tidal extremes in excess of 10 m (30 ft), ranking them — and the area — as eighth highest in the world.  Coupled with the extreme number of shoals, sandbars, and shallows, it makes navigation troublesome, especially during the area's frequently strong winds. As the shallowest part of the Bering Sea, Bristol Bay is one of the most dangerous regions for large vessels.
Mike Harris (comics)
Michael Jay Harris (born 1962) is an American comic book artist who was active in the industry from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s.

Harris was able to use his personal interests in weapons and martial arts to establish himself as an illustrator for characters like The Punisher and G.I. Joe, and titles like Cops: The Job, and No Escape.

Adelaide Productions
Adelaide Productions Inc. (also referred to as Columbia TriStar Television Animation, and later Sony Pictures Television Animation) is a television animation division of Sony Pictures Television that was founded on April 12, 1993, by Columbia Pictures Television. Unlike other animation studios, it does not have an official logo of its own, in which the parent company's logo is used instead after credits.

After a period of dormancy, Adelaide Productions became a television production division for Sony Pictures Animation in 2018. In 2022, Adelaide's production capabilities were taken over by Chuck Productions, Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Pictures Animation, while Silvergate Media was rebranded as Sony Pictures Television Kids. Adelaide Productions remains an active subsidiary of Sony Pictures Television, holding the copyrights to its previous productions.
Lee Robinson (American football)
Lee Robinson (born April 23, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Alcorn State Braves and was signed by the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2009.

Robinson was also a member of the Arizona Cardinals and Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Miami Dolphins.

After a career in football he started working for Transocean as a rstb moved up to a roughneck.

Alcorn State Braves football
The Alcorn State Braves are the college football team of Alcorn State University. The Braves play in NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Amy Parmenter
Amy Parmenter (born 1 August 1997) is an Australian netball player in the Suncorp Super Netball league, playing as the Captain for Melbourne Mavericks, for which she also serves as the club's Australian Netball Players’ Association delegate.

Parmenter was elevated to the Giants senior ahead of the 2019 season, having been a training partner with Canberra Giants in the Australian Netball League for the previous two years. Before her time in the ANL, Parmenter represented Netball New South Wales and Australia at under 17/19 levels. Parmenter had an outstanding debut season at the Giants, recording the most intercepts of any midcourter in the competition and ending the year by being awarded the Rising Star award.

Super Netball Young Star Award
The Super Netball Rookie of the Year, previously known as the Super Netball Young Star Award or colloquially as the Rising Star, is an annual Super Netball award in Australia.

It is an award recognising the outstanding on-court achievements of a Super Netball athlete. Previously to 2022, to be eligible for the award the netballer had to be aged under 23 years at the beginning of the season. However, the award was modified to remove the age criterion and instead acknowledge any player who has played at least five games in their first year in the league.
Desafio de Estrellas
Desafío de Estrellas is a Mexican musical show produced and distributed by TV Azteca, the second largest network in the country. The format of the Desafío is similar to American Idol with contestants eliminated every week and a grand finale with the top contestants competing to win the first place prize. TV Azteca has, until 2006, produced two versions of the program, one in 2003 and the other in 2006. The 2003 version consisted only of former contestants of La Academia, another TV Azteca-produced show which had already finished two seasons and, in the process, taken away rating share from Televisa, the largest network in the country. The 2006 version, on the other hand, consisted of both former contestants of La Academia (all four seasons), as well as other artists produced by TV Azteca in the middle and late '90s, later in 2009 a third season took place with former contestants of the six seasons of la academia.

TV Azteca
Televisión Azteca, commonly known as TV Azteca, is a Mexican multimedia conglomerate owned by Grupo Salinas. It is the second-largest mass media company in Mexico after Televisa. It primarily competes with Televisa as well as some local operators. It owns two national television networks, Azteca Uno and Azteca 7, and operates two other nationally distributed services, adn40 and A Más+. All three of these networks have transmitters in most major and minor cities.

TV Azteca also operates Azteca Trece Internacional, reaching 13 countries in Central and South America, and formerly part of the Azteca América network in the United States. Its flagship program is the newscast Hechos.
Shadrack Tlhaole
Shadrack Lapologang Tlhaole is a South African politician and a party member of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF).

He is the provincial chairperson of the EFF and currently a Member of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature for the party, after having taken office in November 2017. He formerly served as the provincial secretary of the party. Tlhaole was previously the provincial chair of the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL). He left the ANC in 2016 and subsequently became a member of the EFF. Tlhaole became an MP for the EFF in February 2017 and served as one until his deployment to the legislature in October 2017. In November 2010, Tlhaole was named the Sunday Times' "Mampara of the week".

In October 2022, Tlhaole was elected provincial chairperson of the EFF. He succeeded former chairperson Aubrey Baartman as the party's leader in the legislature following Baartman's resignation.

Northern Cape Provincial Legislature
The Northern Cape Provincial Legislature is the legislature of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is a unicameral body of 30 members elected every five years. The current legislature was elected on 29 May 2024 with the African National Congress getting the most seats (15 members). It is situated in Kimberley, in a newly built complex to the west of the city centre on the edge of Galeshewe.

The Northern Cape Provincial Legislature, like the eight other provincial legislatures in South Africa, was created on 27 April 1994 by the Interim Constitution of South Africa, which dissolved the four original provinces (and their provincial councils) and created the nine current provinces. It is currently constituted in terms of Chapter Six of the Constitution of South Africa, which defines the structure of the provincial governments.
Bassi Falls
Bassi Falls is a waterfall in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, to the west of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County, California. The falls are part of the El Dorado National Forest and are at the end of a 1.2 miles (1.9 km) hiking trail with an approximately 200 feet (61 m) elevation gain. Bassi Falls are 109 feet (33 m) high, with granite rocks creating the various drops. The area immediately surrounding the falls features multiple swimming holes. To reach the falls, visitors must use an unpaved road named Ice House Road to reach a parking area near Union Valley Reservoir; it is recommended to use a 4WD vehicle.

Off-roading
Off-roading is the act of driving or riding in a vehicle on unpaved surfaces such as sand, dirt, gravel, riverbeds, mud, snow, rocks, or other natural terrain. Off-roading ranges from casual drives with regular vehicles to competitive events with customized vehicles and skilled drivers.
Shanxi Provincial Military Government
The Shanxi Provincial Military Government was a government based in Taiyuan, established on October 29, 1911. The military government used the Bagua Taiji flag. On December 12, Niangziguan was occupied by the Qing army, and the military government withdrew from Taiyuan, which soon fell. On April 4, 1912. Yan Xishan was appointed Governor of Shanxi Province, and ended the Shanxi Provincial Military Government.

Niangzi Pass
Niangzi Pass (simplified Chinese: 娘子关; traditional Chinese: 娘子關; pinyin: Niángzǐ Guān), also called the Ladies' Pass, is a mountain pass west of Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province in North China. One of the major passages from Shanxi Province to Hebei Province across the Taihang Mountains, it is 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of Shijiazhuang, at the point where the Shitai Railway (Shijiazhuang--Taiyuan, capital of Shanxi) crosses the border between the two provinces on its way to Taiyuan.
Pottingeria
Pottingeria is a genus consisting of a single species, Pottingeria acuminata, a small tree or large shrub native to mountainous areas of southeast Asia (Assam, Myanmar, and Thailand).

It had long been thought, at least by some, to belong in the order Celastrales. In a phylogenetic study of that order in 2006, Pottingeria was found to be a member of the order, but not of any of its families. It was in an unresolved pentatomy consisting of Parnassiaceae, Pottingeria, Mortonia, the pair (Quetzalia + Zinowiewia), and the other genera of Celastraceae. When the APG III system was published in October 2009, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group expanded Celastraceae to include all members of the pentatomy mentioned above. Armen Takhtajan had placed Pottingeria in a monotypic family in 1987, but he later treated it as a subfamily of Celastraceae.

Armen Takhtajan
Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian (Armenian: Արմեն Լևոնի Թախտաջյան; Russian: Армен Леонович Тахтаджян; pronounced takh-tuh-JAHN; 10 June 1910 – 13 November 2009), was a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography. His other interests included morphology of flowering plants, paleobotany, and the flora of the Caucasus. He was one of the most influential taxonomists of the latter twentieth century.
Burkhard Dick
Burkhard Dick (born 1963 in Brake, Lower Saxony) is a German ophthalmologist who has specialized in refractive and cataract surgery. With his many contributions to the scientific literature on this topic, he is considered one of the pioneers of employing the femtosecond laser in cataract surgery. In the "Power List 2024" by the publication The Ophthalmologist, Burkhard Dick was listed among the world's most 100 most influential ophthalmologists.

Mode locking
Mode locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10−12 s) or femtoseconds (10−15 s). A laser operated in this way is sometimes referred to as a femtosecond laser, for example, in modern refractive surgery. The basis of the technique is to induce a fixed phase relationship between the longitudinal modes of the laser's resonant cavity. Constructive interference between these modes can cause the laser light to be produced as a train of pulses. The laser is then said to be "phase-locked" or "mode-locked".
Phenacogrammus deheyni
Phenacogrammus deheyni is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Alestidae, the African tetras. It is found in the middle Congo River, the Ruki drainage, of the Mongala and Aruwimi rivers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Ruki River
The Ruki  (Swahili: Mto Ruki) is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a left tributary of the Congo River. It may be seen as the lower reach of the Busira River, which in turn may be seen as the lower reach of the Tshuapa River.
It's a Cool Cool Christmas
It's a Cool, Cool Christmas is a Christmas charity compilation album released in 2000 by Xfm on Jeepster Records in aid of The Big Issue. The album includes a mixture of traditional Christmas songs and original songs with a Christmas theme.

The album was reissued on vinyl by Jeepster Records in November 2021 in aid of War Child in the UK, with the blessing of all the original artists.

War Child (charity)
War Child International is an independent non-government organization founded in 1993 by film-makers Bill Leeson, David Wilson, and peace activist Willemijn Verloop. The organization works with parents, caregivers, community members, NGOs, governments, corporations, and other partners worldwide to ensure that children have access to protection, education and psychosocial support. War Child's work is rooted in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The organization established War Child UK in 1994, War Child Holland in 1995, War Child Canada in 1999, and War Child Australia in 2002.
Kid Icarus (band)
Kid Icarus is an American indie rock group based in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, born of a solo recording project by Eric Schlittler. The band has released five full-length albums: Maps of the Saints, Be My Echo, The Metal West, Imaginary Songs & Aluminum Hits and American Ghosts.

Dunmore, Pennsylvania
Dunmore is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, adjoining Scranton. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and was settled in 1835 and incorporated in 1862. Extensive anthracite coal, brick, stone, and silk interests had led to a rapid increase in the population from 8,315 in 1890 to 23,086 in 1940. The population was 14,042 in the 2020 census.
Stefania Dalla Valle
Stefania Dalla Valle (born 12 July 1966) is an Italian former professional tennis player.

Dalla Valle competed on the professional tour in the 1980s and reached a career high single ranking of 214 in the world. All of her WTA Tour main draw appearances came in 1988, at the Athens Trophy, Belgian Open and Clarins Open. She featured in the qualifying draw for the 1989 French Open.

Clarins Open
The Open Clarins is a WTA Tour affiliated tennis tournament played from 1987 to 1992. It was held in Paris, France, and played on the outdoor clay courts of the Racing Club de France. It was a Tier V tournament until 1989 and was subsequently promoted to Tier IV, raising prize money from $50,000 to $150,000. The tournament was named for the main sponsor, Clarins, the luxury French cosmetics company. It was replaced by the Open Gaz de France in 1993.

In 2022, a WTA 125 tournament was introduced at the venue under its sponsored name, Trophee Lagardère, with a total financial commitment of $115,000.