hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Villiers-le-Bel
Villiers-le-Bel (French pronunciation: [vilje lə bɛl] ⓘ) is a commune in the French department of Val-d'Oise, in the northern suburbs of Paris. It is located 17.4 km (10.8 mi) from the center of Paris.

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Henry Seymour Portman
Henry Seymour later Portman (c. 1637–1728), of Orchard Portman, Somerset, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England and then Great Britain almost continually between 1679 and 1715.

St Mawes (UK Parliament constituency)
St Mawes was a rotten borough in Cornwall, England.  It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England from 1562 to 1707, to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until it was abolished by the Great Reform Act in 1832.
1997 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships
The 1997 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships were the 23rd annual Junior World Championships for track cycling held at the Bellville Velodrome in Cape Town, South Africa in August 1997.

The Championships had five events for men (sprint, points race, individual pursuit, team pursuit and 1 kilometre time trial) and two for women (sprint and individual pursuit).

Sprint (track cycling)
The sprint or match sprint is a track cycling event involving between two and four riders, though it is usually run as a one-on-one match race between opponents who, unlike in the individual pursuit, start next to each other. Men's sprint has been an Olympic event at every games except 1904 (which had races at seven different distances) and 1912 (which had no track cycling events). Women's sprints have been contested at every Olympics since 1988.
Planned Parenthood Arizona v. Mayes
Planned Parenthood Arizona, et al. v. Kris Mayes was an Arizona Supreme Court case in which the court upheld an 1864 law criminalizing abortions except to save the life of the mother. Arizona Attorney General Kris Mayes did not enforce the law when it was in effect.  The law was repealed on May 2, 2024, and the repeal took effect on September 14, 2024. The case was overturned by 2024 Arizona Proposition 139 passing on November 5, 2024, establishing a right to abortion in the Constitution of Arizona.

Arizona Attorney General
The Arizona attorney general is the chief legal officer of the State of Arizona, in the United States. This state officer is the head of the Arizona Department of Law, more commonly known as the Arizona Attorney General's Office. The state attorney general is a constitutionally-established officer, elected by the people of the state to a four-year term. The state attorney general is second (behind the Secretary of State) in the line of succession to the office of Governor of Arizona.

Headed by the attorney general of Arizona, the Arizona Attorney General's Office is the largest law office in the state, with approximately 400 attorneys and 1,000 employees. As of 2019, the Attorney General's Office is divided into the following divisions:

Executive Office

Solicitor General

Operations

Child and Family Protection

State Government Division

Civil Litigation Division

Criminal

Civil Rights
Yan Chai Hospital
Yan Chai Hospital (Chinese: 仁濟醫院; Cantonese Yale: Yàhnjai Yīyún) is a Charitable hospital has under the Kowloon West Cluster of the Hospital Authority, providing acute and extended care services to the Tsuen Wan community and its neighbouring areas. The hospital was founded by the Yan Chai Hospital Board of Directors in 1973.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
La Coche Power Station
La Coche Power Station (French: Centrale de la Coche), also known as Sainte-Hélène la Coche, is a hydroelectric power plant in the commune of Aigueblanche (near Moûtiers), in Savoie, France. It is one of the six main pumped-storage hydropower plants in France.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.
Críona Ní Dhálaigh
Críona Ní Dhálaigh (born 11 February 1962) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician who served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 2015 to 2016, being the first Sinn Féin Lord Mayor to take office. She was a Dublin City Councillor from March 2006 to September 2020.

She was co-opted onto Dublin City Council in 2006, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Andrew O'Connell. She was elected in 2009 for the South West Inner City area and in 2014 for the Crumlin-Kimmage area.

Kimmage
Kimmage (Irish: Camaigh or Camaigh uisce, meaning "crooked water-meadow", possibly referring to the meandering course of the River Poddle), is a suburb on the south side of the city of Dublin, Ireland.
Talladega Gran Prix Raceway
Talladega Gran Prix Raceway is a 1.33 mile (2.14 km) 10 turn road course located near Munford, Alabama.  "Little Tally," as it is also known, has no affiliation with Talladega Superspeedway. Instead, it takes its name from the nearby Talladega National Forest.

Munford, Alabama
Munford is a town in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,351. It is the location of what has been called the last battle of the Civil War east of the Mississippi, the Battle of Munford on April 23, 1865.
Brunei at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Brunei, officially known as Brunei Darussalam, competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's seventh appearance at the Summer Olympics since its debut at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Brunei failed to register any athletes in two editions of the Games: 1992 in Barcelona and 2008 in Beijing.

The delegation included two sprinters, Mohamed Fakhri Ismail and Maizurah Abdul Rahim, as well as badminton player Jaspar Yu Woon Chai. Yu's appearance made him the country's first Olympic badminton player. All three athletes qualified for the game via wildcard places because they failed to meet their respective qualifying times/rankings. Fakhri was selected to carry the Bruneian flag for the opening ceremony while Maizurah held it at the closing ceremony. Following another zero medal appearance, Brunei has yet to win its first Olympic medal.

Jaspar Yu Woon Chai
Jaspar Yu Woon Chai (Chinese: 杨建财; pinyin: Yáng Jiàncái; born 14 November 1988) is a Bruneian badminton player. He achieved a career high ranking of 199 in the men's singles discipline.

It was announced in May 2016 that he was awarded the tripartite commission to compete in the men's singles event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Yu was the first badminton athlete from Brunei to compete at the Olympics.
Ground loop (electricity)
In an electrical system, a ground loop or earth loop occurs when two points of a circuit are intended to have the same ground reference potential but instead have a different potential between them. This is typically caused when enough current is flowing in the connection between the two ground points to produce a voltage drop and cause the two points to be at different potentials. Current may be produced in a ground loop by electromagnetic induction.

Ground loops are a major cause of noise, hum, and interference in audio, video, and computer systems. Wiring practices that protect against ground loops include ensuring that all vulnerable signal circuits are referenced to one point as ground. The use of differential signaling can provide rejection of ground-induced interference. The removal of ground connections to equipment in an effort to eliminate ground loops will also eliminate the protection the safety ground connection is intended to provide.

Ohm
The ohm (symbol: Ω, the uppercase Greek letter omega) is the unit of electrical resistance in the International System of Units (SI). It is named after German physicist Georg Ohm (1789–1854). Various empirically derived standard units for electrical resistance were developed in connection with early telegraphy practice, and the British Association for the Advancement of Science proposed a unit derived from existing units of mass, length and time, and of a convenient scale for practical work as early as 1861.

Following the 2019 revision of the SI, in which the ampere and the kilogram were redefined in terms of fundamental constants, the ohm is now also defined as an exact value in terms of these constants.
P.A.Th.E./P.
P.A.Th.E./P (Greek: Π.Α.Θ.Ε./Π., Πάτρα - Αθήνα - Θεσσαλονίκη - Ειδομένη/Προμαχώνας), which stands for Patras–Athens–Thessaloniki–Idomeni/Promachonas is a higher-speed rail line in Greece which is partly completed and partly under construction. The section between Athens and Thessaloniki was completed in 2019 and allows a theoretical minimum travel time of 3 hours and 20 minutes, although that has never been achieved in regular service. The line was significantly damaged by Storm Daniel in July 2023, and as of January 2026 is still undergoing extensive repairs.

Higher-speed rail
Higher-speed rail (HrSR) is used to describe inter-city passenger rail services that have top speeds higher than conventional rail but not fast enough to be called high-speed rail services. The term is also used by planners to identify the incremental rail improvements to increase train speeds and reduce travel time as alternatives to larger efforts to create or expand the high-speed rail networks.

Though the definition of higher-speed rail varies from country to country, most countries refer to rail services operating at speeds up to 200 km/h (125 mph).

The concept is usually viewed as stemming from efforts to upgrade a legacy railway line to high speed railway standards (speeds in excess of 250 km/h or 155 mph), but usually falling short on the intended speeds. The faster speeds are achieved through various means including new rolling stock such as tilting trains, upgrades to tracks including shallower curves, electrification, in-cab signalling, and less frequent halts/stops.
GFK Dubočica
Gradski fudbalski klub Dubočica (Serbian Cyrillic: Градски фудбалски клуб Дубочица), commonly known as Dubočica, is a Serbian football club based in the southern city of Leskovac, which competes in the second division Serbian First League. The club's name derives from a traditional synonym for Leskovac and the surrounding region.

Jablanica District
The Jablanica District (Serbian: Јабланички округ, romanized: Jablanički okrug, pronounced [jâblaːnitʃkiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the southeastern parts of the country. According to the 2022 census, the district has a population of 184,502 inhabitants. The administrative center of the district is the city of Leskovac.
Lachs
Lachs (German for "salmon") is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Lachs (1879-1979), Bavarian-Swedish visual artist

Charlotta Lachs (1867-1920), Bavarian-Swedish singer

Friedrichs Lachs (1832-1910), Bavarian-Swedish brewmaster

John Lachs (born 1934), American academic

Manfred Lachs (1914–1993), Polish diplomat and jurist

Minna Lachs (1907–1993), Austrian educator and memoirist

Stephen Lachs (born 1939), American judge

Stephen Lachs
Stephen Michael Lachs (born September 1939) is an American lawyer and retired judge. Lachs served as a judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court from 1979 to 1999. He was the first openly gay judge appointed in the United States and is thought to be the first openly gay judge appointed anywhere in the world.
SilhouetteFX
SilhouetteFX began as a rotoscoping tool for the visual effects industry. SilhouetteFX has been expanded to include capabilities facilitating paint, warping and morphing, 2D to 3D conversion and alternative matting methods. As of V6, SilhouetteFX retains all of the aforementioned capabilities now embedded in a node-based digital compositing application.

Visual effects
Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated as VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using CGI have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and compositing software.
The Wedding Ringer
The Wedding Ringer is a 2015 American buddy romantic comedy film directed and co-written by Jeremy Garelick in his directorial debut. It stars Kevin Hart, Josh Gad, and Kaley Cuoco-Sweeting. The film was produced by Adam Fields, Will Packer Productions and Miramax, distributed by Screen Gems, and released on January 16, 2015.

Despite receiving generally negative reviews, the film was a box office success, grossing over $79 million against a $23 million budget.

Buddy film
The buddy film is a subgenre of adventure and comedy film in which two people go on an adventure, mission, or road trip. The two typically are males with contrasting personalities. The contrast is sometimes accentuated by an ethnic difference between the two. The buddy film is commonplace in Western cinema; unlike some other film genres, it endured through the 20th century with different pairings and different themes.
Kala (province)
Kala was a province of the Mali Empire and later the Songhai Empire, in modern-day Mali. Historically the term applied to the territory on both banks of the Niger River upstream of the Inner Niger Delta, north of Bendugu. By the 18th century the term was restricted to the north bank.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Clarinda, Alberta
Clarinda is a former unincorporated community in southern Alberta, Canada, within the County of Warner No. 5. It is located south of Highway 501, southeast of the Town of Milk River, and east of the Village of Coutts. It is approximately 60 km (37 mi) southeast of the City of Lethbridge.

An early postmaster gave the community the middle name of her mother, T. Clarinda Clark.

County of Warner No. 5
The County of Warner No. 5 is a municipal district in southern Alberta, Canada. Located in Census Division No. 2 just north of the United States border, its municipal office is located in the Village of Warner.
Claudio Scajola
Claudio Scajola (Italian pronunciation: [ˈklaudjo skaˈjɔːla]; born 15 January 1948) is an Italian politician who is the mayor of Imperia since 2018 and the president of the province of Imperia since 2021.

Province of Imperia
The province of Imperia (Italian: provincia di Imperia; Ligurian: provinsa d'Imperia; Occitan: província d'Impèria; French: Province d'Imperia) is a mountainous and hilly province in the Liguria region of Italy, situated between France to the north and the west, and the Ligurian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Its capital is Imperia, though the largest city is Sanremo. It has 209,152 inhabitants.
Cancer Act 1939
The Cancer Act 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 13) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom passed in 1939 to:

make further provision for the treatment of cancer;

to authorise the Minister of Health to lend money to the National Radium Trust;

to prohibit certain advertisements relating to cancer;

and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid.

As of December 2014, the sole remaining provision is in respect of advertising to treat or cure cancer, all other provisions having been repealed or subsumed into other legislation. The Act does not apply in Northern Ireland.

National Radium Trust
The National Radium Trust was a British quasi-governmental organisation, set up on 25 July 1929, and abolished with the introduction of the NHS in 1948. It was intended to collect funding from the general public, and use it for supplying radium and other radiotherapeutic devices, to treat sick people in Great Britain.
Gerd Weisgerber
Gerd Weisgerber (January 24, 1938 in Saarwellingen – June 22, 2010 in Recklinghausen) was an eminent German professor of mining archaeology. He was one of the first mining archaeologists of the world, who set standards in  this scientific discipline. As a scientist from the German Mining Museum, he focused his research mainly on Western Asia, especially on Oman, Jordan, Palestine, and Iran.

Saarwellingen
Saarwellingen (German pronunciation: [ˌzaːɐ̯ˈvɛlɪŋən]; French: Sarrevailingue [saʁvɛlɛ̃ɡ]) is a municipality in the district of Saarlouis in Saarland, Germany. As of 2022 it has a population of 13,302.
Briana Sewell
Briana D. Sewell (born 1990) is an American politician serving as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from the 25th district after serving the 51st district from 2022–2024. A member of the Democratic Party, she was first elected in 2021 to succeed retiring Democrat Hala Ayala. Sewell represents parts of Prince William County, including the towns of Lake Ridge and Nokesville.

Virginia's 51st House of Delegates district
Virginia's 51st House of Delegates district, in Campbell County, Virginia, Bedford County, Virginia, and Pittsylvania County, Virginia, elects one of the 100 members of the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature.

The 51st district has been represented by Republican Eric Zehr since 2024.
Amos Bartholomew
Amos Bartholomew (26 May 1825 – 4 November 1907) was an English cricketer who played in four first-class cricket matches between 1853 and 1864.

Bartholomew was born and died in Sevenoaks in Kent and was employed as a professional cricketer, umpire and groundsman at Sevenoaks Vine and groundsman at Wildernesse, the home of Charles Mills, 1st Baron Hillingdon, near the town. He appeared twice for Kent County Cricket Club, once for a Kent and Sussex XI, and once for England in first-class matches. He had a reputation as a fine player at club level locally. Bartholomew was married and had three children. He died in 1907 aged 82.

Vine Cricket Ground
The Vine Cricket Ground, also known as Sevenoaks Vine, is one of the oldest cricket venues in England. It was given to the town of Sevenoaks in Kent in 1773 by John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset (1745–1799) and owner of nearby Knole House. The land is thought to have possibly been used as a vineyard for the Archbishops of Canterbury.

Seven oak trees were planted on the northern edge of the ground in 1902 to mark the coronation of King Edward VII. Six were blown down in the Great Storm of 1987. In December 1987, seven new oaks were planted to replace those lost in the storm.
YouTube in education
YouTube in education refers to the use of the video-sharing platform YouTube for educational purposes in both formal and informal learning environments. A 2018 Pew Research Center survey found that 51% of YouTube users say the platform is very important for helping them learn new skills, representing 35% of all U.S. adults.

Since YouTube's launch in 2005, educational institutions like MIT OpenCourseWare and TED have used the platform to distribute content, while independent creators have developed popular educational channels such as Khan Academy, Smarter Every Day, and Vsauce. The platform has been adopted across various educational fields, including medical education, where studies have shown both benefits and limitations in teaching clinical skills and anatomical concepts. YouTube also created YouTube EDU in 2009 as a dedicated repository for educational content from institutions and creators.

Medical education
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship) and additional training thereafter (e.g., residency, fellowship, and continuing medical education).

Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been used in medical education, which is an active area of educational research.

Medical education is also the subject-didactic academic field of educating medical doctors at all levels, including entry-level, post-graduate, and continuing medical education. Specific requirements such as entrustable professional activities must be met before moving on in stages of medical education.