hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matane (provincial electoral district)
Matane (French pronunciation: [matan] ⓘ) is a former provincial electoral district in the Bas-Saint-Laurent and Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine regions of Quebec, Canada, that elected members to the National Assembly of Quebec.

It was created for the 1890 election from parts of Rimouski.  Its final election was in 2008.  It disappeared in the 2012 election and its successor electoral districts were Matane-Matapédia and Gaspé.

Rimouski (provincial electoral district)
Rimouski (French pronunciation: [ʁimuski] ⓘ) is a provincial electoral district in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It notably includes the municipalities of Rimouski and Saint-Anaclet-de-Lessard.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada).

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it lost Lac-des-Aigles and Biencourt to the newly created Rivière-du-Loup–Témiscouata electoral district.
1988 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd were the defending champions, but lost in the second round.

Kevin Curren and Jim Grabb won the title, defeating Paul Annacone and John Fitzgerald 7–5, 6–4 in the final.

Kevin Curren
Kevin Melvyn Curren (born 2 March 1958) is a South African former professional tennis player. He played in two Grand Slam singles finals and won four Grand Slam doubles titles, reaching a career-high singles ranking of world No. 5 in July 1985. During his career he won 5 singles and 16 doubles titles.
Land Tax Reform
The Japanese Land Tax Reform of 1873, or chisokaisei (地租改正) was started by the Meiji Government in 1873, or the 6th year of the Meiji period. It was a major restructuring of the previous land taxation system, and established the right of private land ownership in Japan for the first time.

Government of Meiji Japan
The Government of Meiji Japan (明治政府, Meiji seifu) was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan.

Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji oligarchy, who overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate.
Battle of Mogaung
The Battle of Mogaung was a series of engagements that was fought in the Burma Campaign of World War II between 6 and 26 June 1944 at the Burmese town of Mogaung. In brutal fighting, the 77th 'Chindit' Brigade under Brigadier Michael Calvert, later assisted by Chinese forces of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, fought for and captured the town from the occupying forces of Imperial Japan.

The battle was part of the second Chindit campaign, Operation Thursday. This later became part of the Siege of Myitkyina by Chinese and US forces led by Joseph Stilwell who was in overall command of the Chindits. The capture of Mogaung was the first place in Burma to be liberated from the Japanese, and it was the last major Chindit campaign of the war. Two Victoria Crosses were awarded during the battle.

77th Indian Infantry Brigade
The 77th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in India in June 1942. The brigade was assigned to the Chindits and organised into eight columns for operations behind enemy lines in Burma. In March 1945, it was converted into the 77th Indian Parachute Brigade and assigned to the 44th Airborne Division.
HMS Sultan (1870)
HMS Sultan was a broadside ironclad of the Royal Navy of the Victorian era, who carried her main armament in a central box battery. She was named for Sultan Abdulaziz of the Ottoman Empire, who was visiting England when she was laid down. Abdulaziz cultivated good relations with the Second French Empire and the British. In 1867 he was the first Ottoman sultan to peacefully visit Western Europe; his trip included a visit to England, where he was made a Knight of the Garter by Queen Victoria and shown a Royal Navy Fleet Review, with Isma'il Pasha of Egypt.

Box battery
The box battery is a disposition of the main armament in a battleship, commonly used in ships built in the latter half of the 19th century. A box battery consists of a thick armour surrounding a central battery to protect the guns. It was an interim disposition between full-length broadside guns and turret-mounted artillery.
Charles Anthony (American football)
Charles Raymond Anthony (born July 10, 1952) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the USC Trojans and also spent two years in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the BC Lions, Ottawa Rough Riders and Saskatchewan Roughriders. He was inducted into the Fresno, California Athletic Hall of Fame in 1992.

Ottawa Rough Riders
The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded on September 19, 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest-lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s,  in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s, and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, which own the Rough Riders and Renegades intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014.
Kayanis (musician)
Kayanis is a Polish musician and composer of ambient electronic music, neo-prog and symphonic rock. His works combine the analog tone of synthesizers with electric guitars and orchestra.

Kayanis, who comes from Słupsk, Pomerania, Poland, started his music education at the age of 10 with guitar classes. His first band, Van der Krammer, unexpectedly achieved a second place award in the Science - Fiction Music Festival in Warsaw in 1988.  In 1990 he began working on solo projects.

Analog synthesizer
An analog synthesizer (British English: analogue synthesiser) is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog signals to generate sound electronically.

The earliest analog synthesizers in the 1920s and 1930s, such as the Trautonium, were built with a variety of vacuum-tube (thermionic valve) and electro-mechanical technologies. After the 1960s, analog synthesizers were built using operational amplifier (op-amp) integrated circuits, and used potentiometers (pots, or variable resistors) to adjust the sound parameters. Analog synthesizers also use low-pass filters and high-pass filters to modify the sound. While 1960s-era analog synthesizers such as the Moog used a number of independent electronic modules connected by patch cables, later analog synthesizers such as the Minimoog integrated them into single units, eliminating patch cords in favour of integrated signal routing systems.
Rich Man, Poor Man Book II
Rich Man, Poor Man Book II is an American television miniseries that aired on ABC in one-hour episodes at 9:00pm ET/PT on Tuesday nights between September 21, 1976 and March 8, 1977. A sequel to Rich Man, Poor Man that had aired the previous season, it focused on the further exploits and conflicts of the Jordache family.

Due to the popularity of the first series this was rushed out as the sequel before the author Irwin Shaw had even written a "Book 2" sequel.

Lanham, Maryland
Lanham is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 11,282. The New Carrollton station (the terminus of the Washington Metro's Orange Line) as well as an Amtrak station are across the Capital Beltway in New Carrollton, Maryland. Doctors Community Hospital is located in Lanham.
Taufua
Taufua is a surname of Samoan origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Jordan Taufua (born 1992), New Zealand rugby union player

Jorge Taufua (born 1991), Australian rugby league player

Mark Taufua (born 1981), Australian rugby league player

Samoans
Samoans or Samoan people (Samoan: tagata Sāmoa) are the Indigenous Polynesian people of the Samoan Islands, an archipelago in Polynesia, who speak the Samoan language. The group's home islands are politically and geographically divided between the Independent State of Samoa and American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States of America. Though divided by national border, the culture and language are the same.

The Samoan people and culture form a vital link and stepping stone in the formation and spread of Polynesian culture, language and religion throughout Eastern Polynesia.

Polynesian trade, religion, war, and colonialism are important markers within Polynesian culture that are almost certainly rooted in the Samoan culture. Samoa's ancient history with the kingdom of Tonga, chiefdoms of Fiji and French Polynesia form the basis of modern Polynesian culture.
Sutton Bassett
Sutton Bassett is a village  and civil parish in  Northamptonshire, England, in the Welland valley. It was formerly in the Corby Hundred but has been part of the Stoke Hundred (named after Stoke Albany village).

The village's name means 'Southern farm/settlement'. The village was held by Richard Basset in the 12th century.

Sutton Bassett's church, The Church of All Saints (which partly dates back to the Norman period) was built as an annexe to St. Mary's Church in the nearby village of Weston by Welland. Unlike the majority of typical English countryside village churches, it has no graveyard. The local pub was the Queen's Head Inn, which closed in January 2015.

Sutton Bassett is currently administered by North Northamptonshire council but was administered as part of the Borough of Kettering until changes in 2021, and is roughly 14 miles north-west of Kettering, 12 miles west of Corby, 7 miles north-east of Desborough and roughly 4 miles from Market Harborough.

2019–2023 structural changes to local government in England
2009

2019–2023

2027–2028 (planned)

Structural changes to local government in England took place between 2019 and 2023. Some of these changes continue the trend of new unitary authorities being created from other types of local government districts, which was a policy of Communities Secretary Robert Jenrick from 2019.

Ceremonial counties have not seen any changes to their boundaries, as the Lieutenancies Act 1997 was amended to reflect the new local government areas that comprise them.
Lists of integrals
Integration is the basic operation in integral calculus.  While differentiation has straightforward rules by which the derivative of a complicated function can be found by differentiating its simpler component functions, integration does not, so tables of known integrals are often useful. This page lists some of the most common antiderivatives.

Double factorial
In mathematics, the double factorial n‼ of a positive integer n is the product of all the positive integers up to n that have the same parity (odd or even) as n. That is,

Restated, this says that for even n, the double factorial is

while for odd n it is

A few examples are:

1!! =             1 = 1,

2!! =             2 = 2,

3!! =         3 × 1 = 3,

4!! =         4 × 2 = 8,

5!! =     5 × 3 × 1 = 15,

6!! =     6 × 4 × 2 = 48,

7!! = 7 × 5 × 3 × 1 = 105.

Often, both 0!! and (−1)!! are considered empty products that evaluate to 1.

The sequence of double factorials for even n = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,... starts as

The sequence of double factorials for odd n = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,... starts as

The term odd factorial is sometimes used for the double factorial of an odd number.

The term semifactorial is also used by Knuth as a synonym of double factorial.

There is another definition of double factorial, which can be evaluated for most complex numbers; see below.
Avis Dolphin
Avis Gertrude Dolphin (24 August 1902 in Rotherham, Yorkshire, England – 5 February 1996 in Meirionydd, Wales) was a survivor of the 7 May 1915 sinking of the RMS Lusitania after being torpedoed by an Imperial German Navy U-boat during the First World War.

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
Rhonda Milstead
Rhonda Milstead is an American politician and businesswoman serving as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 9th district. Milstead was appointed to the House by Governor Kristi Noem in December 2018 and assumed office on January 7, 2019.

Milstead lives in Hartford, South Dakota.

South Dakota House of Representatives
The South Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Dakota Legislature. It consists of 70 members, two from each legislative district. Two of the state's 35 legislative districts, Districts 26 and 28, are each subdivided into two single-member districts (26A/26B and 28A/28B). The South Dakota House of Representatives meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
Harold G. Barrett
Harold G. Barrett is an American Emeritus Professor of Speech Communication at California State University, East Bay.  He is also a writer rhetorician on the subject of ethics and civility in communication.

California State University, East Bay
California State University, East Bay (Cal State East Bay, CSU East Bay, or CSUEB) is a public university in Hayward, California. The university is part of the California State University system and offers 136 undergraduate and 60 post-baccalaureate areas of study. Founded in 1957, California State University, East Bay had a student body of approximately 11,544 as of Spring 2025.  As of Fall 2024, it had 760 faculty. The university's largest and oldest college campus is located in Hayward, with additional centers in the nearby cities of Oakland and Concord.
Brule, Nova Scotia
Brule (English: /bruːl/) is a rural community located in Colchester County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Located on Amet Sound an embayment of the Northumberland Strait 6 kilometres east of the village of Tatamagouche near the county boundary, the community is situated on the southern shore of Brule Harbour opposite Brule Point.

Amet Sound
Amet Sound is a large body of water, an embayment of the Northumberland Strait, on the north shore Nova Scotia straddling Colchester and Pictou counties. It takes its name from Amet Island, a small island just beyond the mouth of the sound in Northumberland Strait. Because of its sheltered position, its bays and harbours are considered "safe haven" for yachts in the event of major storms.
Live from Mars
Live from Mars is a two disc live concert(s) release from Ben Harper & the Innocent Criminals, which takes tracks from unnamed venues throughout his 2000 tour and places them on either an electric (disc 1) or acoustic (disc 2) disc. It was released in the year 2001.

Ben Harper
Benjamin Charles Harper (born October 28, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. Harper plays an eclectic mix of blues, folk, soul, reggae, and rock music, and he is known for his guitar-playing skills, vocals, live performances, and activism. He has released twelve studio albums, mostly through Virgin Records, and has toured internationally.

Harper is a three-time Grammy Award winner and seven-time nominee, with awards for Best Pop Instrumental Performance and Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album in 2004 and Best Blues Album in 2013.

At the 40th Blues Music Awards ceremony, Harper's joint composition with Charlie Musselwhite, "No Mercy in This Land", was named Song of the Year.
Pytho americanus
Pytho americanus is a species of dead log beetle in the family Pythidae. It is found in North America. This beetle is able to overwinter both as a larva and an adult. It synthesizes glycerol during cold acclimation.

Overwintering
Overwintering is the process by which some organisms pass through or wait out the winter season, or  pass through that period of the year when "winter" conditions (cold or sub-zero temperatures, ice, snow, limited food supplies) make normal activity or even survival difficult or near impossible. In some cases "winter" is characterized not necessarily by cold but by dry conditions; passing through such periods could likewise be called overwintering.

Hibernation and migration are the two major ways in which overwintering is accomplished. Animals may also go into a state of reduced physiological activity known as torpor.

Overwintering occurs in several classes of lifeform.
Ruth, California
Ruth is an unincorporated community in Trinity County, California, United States. Ruth  is located in the southern portion of the county. The community and the adjacent Ruth Lake were named after Ruth McKnight, daughter of settlers. It is located near the headwaters of the Mad River and adjacent to the Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness. Ruth sits at an elevation of 2,933 feet (894 m). Its population is 254 as of the 2020 census, up from 195 from the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Ruth as a census-designated place (CDP). The ZIP code is 95526. The community is inside area code 707.

Mad River (California)
The Mad River (Wiyot: Baduwa't) is a river in upper Northern California. It flows for 113 miles (182 km) in a roughly northwest direction through Trinity County and then Humboldt County, draining a 497-square-mile (1,290 km2) watershed into the Pacific Ocean north of the city of Arcata near Arcata–Eureka Airport in McKinleyville. The river's headwaters are in the Coast Range near South Kelsey Ridge.
Largest Fair on the Rhine
The Largest Fair on the Rhine (German: Größte Kirmes am Rhein) is a fair in Düsseldorf, one of Germany's largest. It takes place the third week in July  on the left bank of the Rhine River, in the district Düsseldorf-Oberkassel, and features beer and food tents, amusement park rides, and vendors.

Düsseldorf-Oberkassel
Oberkassel (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐˌkasl̩], lit. 'Upper Kassel', in contrast to "Lower Kassel"; Limburgish: Ueverkassel) is a part of Düsseldorf's Borough 4. Oberkassel lies on the west side of the river Rhine, the opposite side of the central district of Düsseldorf. It has an area of 3.68 km2 (1.42 sq mi), and 19,052 inhabitants (2020).

Oberkassel is an economically well-situated borough with an average income of 61.465 Euro and an unemployment rate below 5%. Nearly half of the households in Oberkassel are single households. The average age is about 45 years.
Hermann Friedberg
Hermann Friedberg (5 July 1817 – 2 March 1884) was a German physician from Rosenberg (Olesno), Silesia.

He studied at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Paris, and Breslau, receiving from the last-named the degree of doctor of medicine in 1840. From 1849 to 1852 he was an assistant at the surgical hospital of the University of Berlin, and in 1852 was admitted as a privatdozent in surgery and pharmacology to the medical faculty of the Berlin University, at the same time conducting a private hospital for the treatment of surgical and ophthalmological diseases. In 1866 he was appointed professor of pharmacology at the University of Breslau, where he later died.

It is believed that Friedberg wrote the first description of CLOVES syndrome.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Tucson Extreme
The Tucson Extreme were an American professional indoor soccer team founded in 2012 with the intention of joining the Professional Arena Soccer League.

The Tucson Extreme was originally scheduled to begin play as a Southwestern Division team in the 2012–13 PASL season with home games at the Tucson Convention Center and Randy Soderman as head coach. They scheduled tryouts and advertised ticket sales but, in September 2012, delayed their launch by one year. The Extreme were then scheduled to play starting in the 2013–14 season but disbanded in early 2013.

Major Arena Soccer League
The Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) is a professional indoor soccer league in North America. The MASL features teams playing coast-to-coast in the United States and Mexico. The league is the highest level of arena soccer in North America. The league draws talent from a global talent pool with players from Major League Soccer (MLS), Liga MX, and many national teams. With a new management team, the league has grown in popularity and commercially. Former USMNT and MLS star Landon Donovan played in the MASL, as do multiple international players.
Tenor
The tenor is a type of male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the contralto and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest-voice type. Composers typically write music for the tenor in the range from the second B-flat below middle C, to the A above middle C (i.e. B♭2 to A4), or a whole tone higher to B4 in choral music – and from the second B-flat below middle C, to the C above middle C (B♭2 to C5) in operatic music – but the range can extend at either end. Subtypes of the tenor include the sopranist, altino, leggero tenor, lyric tenor, spinto tenor, dramatic tenor, heldentenor and tenor buffo (also known as the spieltenor).

Siegfried (opera)
Siegfried (German: [ˈziːk.fʀiːt] ⓘ), WWV 86C, is the third of the four epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (English: The Ring of the Nibelung). It premiered at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 16 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of The Ring cycle.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Richard Wagner Foundation.
Anthony Ravard
Anthony Ravard (born 28 September 1983) is a French former road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 2005 and 2013. Ravard competed professionally for UCI Pro Tour team Ag2r–La Mondiale, as well as the Bouygues Télécom and Agritubel squads.

Decathlon CMA CGM Team
Decathlon CMA CGM (UCI team code: DCT) is a French cycling team with UCI WorldTeam status. Its title sponsors are French sporting goods retailer Decathlon and French shipping and logistics company CMA CGM. The team is predominantly French.