hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mattiana
Mattiana was a Roman-Berber civitas in the province of Africa Proconsularis. The locale existed during late antiquity, and was situated in northern Tunisia.

In antiquity, the town was also the seat of a Catholic bishopric, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Carthage.
The historical sources mention only one known bishop, Marcellus, who took part in the Council of Carthage of 646.
Today Mattiana survives as a titular bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church and the current bishop is José Eugenio Ramos Delgado, of Monterrey, who succeeds Carlos Alberto Salcedo Ojeda of Huancayo,
 in 2026.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
Mindia Janelidze
Mindia Janelidze (Georgian: მინდია ჯანელიძე; born 26 July 1978) is a Georgian security official and politician who as the country's Minister of Defense in the Cabinet of Irakli Garibashvili from 5 November 2014 to 1 May 2015. In May 2015, he was appointed Secretary of Council of State Security and Crisis Management, an office he had once filled from January to November 2014.

First Garibashvili government
The first government of Irakli Garibashvili was the government of Georgia, led by Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili from November 20, 2013 until December 30, 2015. The cabinet mostly consisted of the members of the preceding Ivanishvili government, dominated by the Georgian Dream coalition, which had to win approval by the parliament after the October 2013 presidential election as envisaged by the recent constitutional amendments. Garibashvili was named by Bidzina Ivanishvili as his successor as Prime Minister on his voluntary resignation from the government. Garibashvili himself resigned in December 2015 and was succeeded by Giorgi Kvirikashvili.
Hong Kong at the AFC Asian Cup
Hong Kong is one of the earliest participants in the AFC Asian Cup, and was also the first host in the tournament, in the inaugural 1956 edition. Hong Kong, since then, had qualified for two another tournaments in 1964 and 1968. The best result of Hong Kong is third place and it has remained as Hong Kong's best achievement in football.

In 2022, Hong Kong qualified for the 2023 Asian Cup for the first time in 55 years. Hong Kong scored the 1st and the 1000th goal in AFC Asian Cup history.

Hong Kong national football team
The Hong Kong representation football team (Chinese: 香港足球代表隊; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jūkkàuh doihbíu deuih; recognised as Hong Kong, China by FIFA) represents Hong Kong in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Hong Kong, China, the governing body for football in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong hosted the first AFC Asian Cup in 1956 and won third place, also reaching the semifinals in 1964. Hong Kong did not qualify for another AFC tournament until 2023. They had never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have qualified for the EAFF E-1 Football Championship five times, in 2003, 2010, 2019, 2022 and 2025.
Christen C. Raunkiær
Christen Christensen Raunkiær (29 March 1860 – 11 March 1938) was a Danish botanist, who was a pioneer of plant ecology. He is mainly remembered for his scheme of plant strategies to survive an unfavourable season ("life forms") and his demonstration that the relative abundance of strategies in floras largely corresponded to the Earth's climatic zones. This scheme, the Raunkiær system, is still widely used today and may be seen as a precursor of modern plant strategy schemes, e.g. J. Philip Grime's CSR system.

Universal adaptive strategy theory
Universal adaptive strategy theory (UAST) is an evolutionary theory developed by J. Philip Grime in collaboration with Simon Pierce describing the general limits to ecology and evolution based on the trade-off that organisms face when the resources they gain from the environment are allocated between either growth, maintenance or regeneration – known as the universal three-way trade-off.
Allie Buchalski
Allie Buchalski is an American professional distance runner. She was an NCAA All-American at Furman University before she began competing professionally for  Brooks. Buchalski qualified for the U.S. Olympic Trials in 2020 and 2024, and she was the USATF Club Cross Country National Champion in 2024.

United States Olympic trials
The United States Olympic trials are competitions held in certain sports to select the United States' participants in those sports at the Olympic Games. These events include:

United States Olympic trials (curling)

United States Olympic trials (diving)

United States Olympic trials (gymnastics)

United States Olympic trials (marathon)

United States Olympic trials (swimming)

United States Olympic trials (track and field)

United States Olympic trials (wrestling)
Adesh Singh Chauhan
Adesh Singh Chauhan is an Indian politician and a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from Jaspur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency) from the Indian National Congress.
He won the 2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election from the Indian National Congress and formerly served as party member for the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was re-elected in 2022.

2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election
The 2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election was the 4th Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) election of the state of Uttarakhand in India. Elections were held on 15 February 2017 in a single phase for the 69 seats of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. Voting in the Karnaprayag constituency was postponed until 9 March 2017 due to the death of BSP candidate Kuldeep Kanwasi in a road accident. The Bharatiya Janata Party emerged as the largest party, winning 57 seats in the 70-seat legislature. The Indian National Congress was reduced to 11 seats and became the official opposition.

The voter turnout for the 69 seats of Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly that was held on 15 February was 65.64% which is less than the last election's voter turnout of 66.85%.
Wakwella Bridge
Wakwella Bridge is a bridge in Galle District near Thelikada, Sri Lanka. It is around 152.5 m (500 ft) long and crosses the Gin River. Built on the Gin Ganga Dam, the bridge links the villages of Kudagoda and Gonapura. It was constructed in 1999 and at the time was the longest bridge in the country.

Galle District
Galle (Sinhala: ගාල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය gālla distrikkaya; Tamil: காலி மாவட்டம் Kāli māvattam) is a district in Southern Province, Sri Lanka. It is one of 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second level administrative division of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka.
Sanctuary of San Pellegrino in Alpe
The Santuario di San Pellegrino in Alpe or Santi Pellegrino e Bianco is a Roman Catholic church and adjacent hostel-hospital complex on a hilltop within the town limits of Castiglione di Garfagnana, province of Lucca, region of Tuscany, Italy. It lies in a rural site along the Bibulca Way.

Castiglione di Garfagnana
Castiglione di Garfagnana is a medieval walled town and comune of 1,878 inhabitants in the province of Lucca.
It sits on a hillside above the river Esarulo, a tributary of the Serchio.

The town is renowned for the band Filarmonica Alpina, founded in 1858 with the name of Fanfara popolare. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Kenya Akiba
Kenya Akiba (秋葉 賢也, Akiba Ken'ya; born 3 July 1962) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Miyagi Prefecture, he attended Chuo University as an undergraduate and received his master's degree from Tohoku University. He was elected to the first of his three terms in the assembly of Miyagi Prefecture in 1995 and then to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2005.

Chuo University
Chuo University (中央大学, Chūō Daigaku), commonly referred to as Chuo (中央) or Chu-Dai (中大), is a private research university in Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. The university finds its roots in a school called Igirisu Hōritsu Gakkō (English Law School), which was founded in 1885, and became a university in 1920. The university operates four campuses in Tokyo: the largest in Hachiōji (Tama campus), one in Bunkyō (Korakuen campus), and two others in Shinjuku (Ichigaya and Ichigaya-Tamachi campuses). Chuo is organized into six faculties, ten graduate schools, and nine research institutes. There are also four affiliated high schools and two affiliated junior high schools.

When written in Chinese characters, Chuo University shares the same name with National Central University in Taiwan and Chung-Ang University in South Korea.
City of New Orleans (song)
"City of New Orleans" is a country folk song written by Steve Goodman (and first recorded for Goodman's self-titled 1971 album), describing a train ride from Chicago to New Orleans on the Illinois Central Railroad's City of New Orleans in bittersweet and nostalgic terms.

Goodman got the idea while traveling on the Illinois Central line for a visit to his wife's family.  The song has been recorded by numerous artists in the United States, including two major hit versions: first by Arlo Guthrie in 1972, and later by Willie Nelson in 1984. Goodman posthumously won the songwriting Grammy Award for Nelson's version. In Europe, his melody has most often been used with original foreign language lyrics, rather than translations of Goodman's lyrics.

An article in the September 2017 issue of Trains magazine chronicles the writing and recording of the song and includes a biographical sketch of Steve Goodman.

Roch Voisine
Joseph Armand Roch Voisine, OC CQ ONB (born 26 March 1963) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and radio and television host who lives in Montreal and Paris. He writes and performs material in both English and French. He won the Juno Award for Male Vocalist of the Year in 1994. In 1997, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
Steimbke (Samtgemeinde)
Steimbke is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Nienburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Steimbke.

The Samtgemeinde Steimbke consists of the following municipalities:

Linsburg

Rodewald

Steimbke

Stöckse

52°39′00″N 9°22′59″E﻿ / ﻿52.650°N 9.383°E﻿ / 52.650; 9.383

Rodewald
Rodewald is an agricultural village in the district of Nienburg in Lower Saxony, Germany, and is locally administrated by Steimbke. At 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) in length, Rodewald is considered the second-longest village in Lower Saxony, and is split into three farming communities (or peasantries) known simply as lower, middle and upper farming community (obere, mittlere and untere Bauerschaft).

It is situated approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the north-northwest of the federal state capital Hanover and 125 kilometres (78 mi) south-southwest of Germany's second largest city Hamburg. Until the administrative and territorial reforms of 1974, Rodewald belonged to the district of Neustadt am Rübenberge.
Branchinella
Branchinella is a genus of crustaceans in the family Thamnocephalidae. This fairy shrimp genus is found across many parts of the world, but especially western Australia and southern Africa.

Several species have small ranges and are threatened by habitat destruction. For example, B. latzi is only known from south Northern Territory and southwest Queensland, but it has been extirpated from the Uluru region due to pollution from urine and faeces of tourists.

The species Branchinella kugenumaensis are known as "Honen shrimp" (ホウネンエビ) in Japan, and are commonly found in rice fields during the early summer.

Uluru
Uluru (/ˌuːləˈruː/; Pitjantjatjara: Uluṟu [ˈʊlʊɻʊ]), also known as Ayers Rock (/ˈɛərz/ AIRS) and officially gazetted as Uluru / Ayers Rock, is a large sandstone monolith. It crops out near the centre of Australia in the southern part of the Northern Territory, 335 km (208 mi) south-west of Alice Springs.

Uluru is sacred to the Pitjantjatjara, the Aboriginal people of the area, known as the Aṉangu. The area around the formation is home to an abundance of springs, waterholes, rock caves and ancient paintings. Uluru is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Uluru and Kata Tjuta (also known as the Olgas) are the two major features of the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park.

Uluru is one of Australia's most recognisable natural landmarks and has been a popular destination for tourists since the late 1930s. It is also one of the most important indigenous sites in Australia.
Desulfomonile limimaris
Desulfomonile limimaris is a bacterium. It is an anaerobic dehalogenating bacterium first isolated from marine sediments. Its cells are large, Gram-negative rods with a collar girdling each cell, like Desulfomonile tiedjei. The type strain is DCB-MT (= ATCC 700979T).

Dehalogenation
In organic chemistry, dehalogenation is a set of chemical reactions that involve the cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds; as such, it is the inverse reaction of halogenation. Dehalogenations come in many varieties, including defluorination (removal of fluorine), dechlorination (removal of chlorine), debromination (removal of bromine), and deiodination (removal of iodine). Incentives to investigate dehalogenations include both constructive and destructive goals. Complicated organic compounds such as pharmaceutical drugs are occasionally generated by dehalogenation.  Many organohalides are hazardous, so their dehalogenation is one route for their detoxification.
Yuichi Hisamoto
Yuichi Hisamoto (久本 祐一, Hisamoto Yūichi; born April 3, 1979 in Daitō, Osaka) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He played for the Chunichi Dragons from 2002 to 2007 and from 2010 to 2012 and with the Hiroshima Toyo Carp in 2013, 2014, and 2016.

Chunichi Dragons
The Chunichi Dragons (中日ドラゴンズ, Chūnichi Doragonzu) are a professional baseball team based in Nagoya, the chief city in the Chūbu region of Japan. The team plays in the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. They have won the Central League pennant nine times (most recently in 2011) and the Japan Series twice (in 1954 and 2007). They were also champions in the 2007 Asia Series.
Flagg Bros., Inc. v. Brooks
Flagg Bros., Inc. v. Brooks, 436 U.S. 149 (1978), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States wherein the constitutionality of New York's Uniform Commercial Code provision, which allows a warehouse to enforce a lien upon repossessed goods by selling said goods, was challenged under the Fourteenth Amendment.  The Court held that the state-allowed re-sale provision did not constitute state action, and thus, the plaintiff did not possess a colorable federal due process claim.

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
Sovetsk
Sovetsk (Russian: Сове́тск) is the name of several urban localities in Russia.

Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, formerly Tilsit

Sovetsk, Kirov Oblast, a town in Sovetsky District of Kirov Oblast; 57°35′N 48°59′E﻿ / ﻿57.583°N 48.983°E﻿ / 57.583; 48.983

Sovetsk, Tula Oblast, a town in Shchyokinsky District of Tula Oblast

Sovetsk, Tula Oblast
Sovetsk (Russian: Сове́тск) is a town in Shchyokinsky District of Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the Upa River (Oka's basin), 43 kilometers (27 mi) south of Tula, the administrative center of the oblast. The population of Sovetsk was 7,889 at the 2021 census.
1996 Ston–Slano earthquake
On 5 September 1996 at 22:44 local time (CEST, 20:44 UTC), southern Dalmatia, Croatia, was hit by a strong earthquake of moment magnitude 6.0. The epicentre was near the coastline of the Adriatic Sea, close to the village of Slano, roughly 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Dubrovnik. The worst damage was of intensity VIII on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale, occurring in the epicentral area, but also another 25 km (16 mi) northwest, at the isthmus of the Pelješac peninsula, around the old town of Ston.

Pelješac
42°55′N 17°28′E﻿ / ﻿42.91°N 17.46°E﻿ / 42.91; 17.46

Pelješac (pronounced [pɛ̌ʎɛʃats]; Chakavian: Pelišac; Italian: Sabbioncello) is a peninsula in southern Dalmatia in Croatia. The peninsula is part of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County and is the second largest peninsula in Croatia. From the isthmus that begins at Ston, to the top of Cape Lovišta, it is 65 km or 40 mi long.
George Glauberman
George Isaac Glauberman (born 1941) is a mathematician at the University of Chicago who works on finite simple groups. He proved the ZJ theorem and the Z* theorem.

Born in New York City on March 3, 1941, Glauberman did his undergraduate studies at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, graduating in 1961, and earned a master's degree from Harvard University in 1962. He obtained his PhD degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1965, under the supervision of Richard Bruck. He has had 22 PhD students, including Ahmed Chalabi and Peter Landrock.  He has co-authored with J. L. Alperin, Simon P. Norton, Zvi Arad, and Justin Lynd.

In 1970 he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians at Nice. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Zvi Arad
Zvi Arad (Hebrew: צבי ארד; 16 April 1942, in Petah Tikva, Mandatory Palestine – 4 February 2018, in Petah Tikva, Israel) was an Israeli mathematician, acting president of Bar-Ilan University, and president of Netanya Academic College.
Moraxella osloensis
Moraxella osloensis is a Gram-negative oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium within the family Moraxellaceae in the gamma subdivision of the purple bacteria.

Moraxella osloensis is a mutualistic symbiont of the slug-parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. In nature, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita vectors M. osloensis into the shell cavity of the slug host in which the bacteria multiply and kill the slug.

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
The Plateau Phase
The Plateau Phase is the debut studio album by the English post-punk band Crispy Ambulance, released in March 1982 by Factory Benelux. It was a departure to the sound of the earlier singles which was considered to be closer to the sound of post-punk contemporaries Joy Division. It peaked at No. 21 on the UK Indie Charts by the months of May and April 1982.

UK Independent Singles and Albums Charts
The UK Independent Singles Chart and UK Independent Albums Chart are charts of the best-selling independent singles and albums, respectively, in the United Kingdom. Originally published in January 1980, and widely known as the indie chart, the relevance of the chart dwindled in the 1990s as major-label ownership blurred the boundary between independent and major labels.

Separate independent charts are currently published weekly by the Official Charts Company.
The Boy Merlin
The Boy Merlin is a Thames Television fantasy show from 1979, starring Ian Rowlands in the title role, about the magician Merlin. It was inspired by a one-off drama of the same name, broadcast in 1978.

Magician (fantasy)
A magician, also known as an archmage, mage, magus, magic-user, spellcaster, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer/sorceress, warlock, witch, or wizard, is someone who uses or practices magic derived from supernatural, occult, or arcane sources.: 54  Magicians enjoy a rich history in mythology, legends, fiction, and folklore, and are common figures in works of fantasy, such as fantasy literature and role-playing games.
Signal peptide peptidase
In molecular biology, the Signal Peptide Peptidase (SPP) is a type of protein that specifically cleaves parts of other proteins. It is an intramembrane aspartyl protease with the conserved active site motifs 'YD' and 'GxGD' in adjacent transmembrane domains (TMDs). Its sequences is highly conserved in different vertebrate species. SPP cleaves remnant signal peptides left behind in membrane by the action of signal peptidase and also plays key roles in immune surveillance and the maturation of certain viral proteins.

Sequence motif
In biology, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and usually assumed to be related to biological function of the macromolecule. For example, an N-glycosylation site motif can be defined as Asn, followed by anything but Pro, followed by either Ser or Thr, followed by anything but Pro residue.
Kelepi Ketedromo
Kelepi Rokoua Ketedromo (born 24 March 1981) is a Fijian former international rugby union player.

Raised in Vaturova, Cakaudrove Province, Ketedromo began playing rugby in primary school. He undertook his secondary schooling in Labasa, at Labasa College and then All Saints Secondary School.

Ketedromo played for the Navoci club after moving to Nadi and made his first national representative team as a Fiji Warriors representative at the 2009 Pacific Rugby Cup. Between 2010 and 2012, Ketedromo was capped five times for the full national side, primarily as a number eight. He captained the Fiji Warriors at the 2012 Pacific Rugby Cup in Australia.

Labasa College
Labasa College is a state secondary school for Forms 3 to 7 in Labasa, Fiji. It has a roll of more than 780 students as of January 2023, including a collection of boarding students from across the Northern Division of Fiji.
Lieven De Cauter
Lieven De Cauter (born 1959 in Koolskamp) is a Belgian philosopher, art historian, writer, and activist based in Brussels.  He has written and edited numerous books focusing on contemporary art, architecture, politics, and the city, including: The Capsular Civilization: On the City in the Age of Fear; Heterotopia and the City: Public space in a Postcivil society, co-edited with Michiel Dehaene; and Art and Activism in the Age of Gloablization, co-edited with Karel van Haesebrouck and Ruben De Roo. As an activist, he initiated the BRussels Tribunal on the war in Iraq and is a co-founder of Platform for Liberty of Expression.

BRussells Tribunal
The BRussells Tribunal refers both to a series of hearings that took place in Brussels, Belgium from 14 to 17 April 2004, as part of the World Tribunal on Iraq, and to the group of people who organised these hearings.