hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Translation (sociology)
In actor-network theory (ANT), translation is the process that allows a network to be represented by a single entity, which can in itself be an individual or another network. It encompasses all negotiations, intrigues, calculations, and acts of persuasion, thanks to which an actor (or actant) takes authority to speak or act on behalf of other actors. According to ANT, an actor is an actant, something made to act, therefore it includes both human and non-human entities. Non-humans can have interests, they can enroll others, in exactly the same way as humans do.

The concept of translation was developed by the French philosopher Michel Serres, and then applied to sociology by Michel Callon.

Michel Serres
Michel Serres (/sɛər/; French: [miʃɛl sɛʁ]; 1 September 1930 – 1 June 2019) was a French philosopher, and historian of science. Member of the Académie française and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, he published more than 70 authoritative works during his lifetime in the fields of anthropology of science and technology, the philosophy of communication and digital technologies, the philosophy of education, and the philosophy of ecology. Michel Serres's work is characterized by a transversal and interdisciplinary approach, connecting hard sciences and the humanities. He developed an original and innovative line of thought that has profoundly influenced contemporary philosophy.
Mecodema antarcticum
Mecodema antarcticum is a carnivorous carabid beetle that burrows in sand above the high tide mark on New Zealand sandy beaches. First described by Francis de Laporte de Castelnau in 1867 as Brullea antarctica, it has since been reassigned to Mecodema by Seldon & Buckley, 2019.

Diagnosis.

Mecodema antarcticum is distinguishable from all other North Island Mecodema species by having: 1, greatly expanded protibia and mesotibia; 2, ventrites with numerous setose punctures; 3, the pronotum and elytra are truncated; all adaptations for a psammaphilous lifestyle (Seldon & Buckley, 2019).

Psammophile
A psammophile (/ˈ(p)sæmoʊfaɪl/ (P)SAM-oh-fyle) is a plant or animal that prefers or thrives in sandy areas. Plant psammophiles are also known as psammophytes. They thrive in places such as the Arabian Peninsula and the Sahara and also the dunes of coastal regions.

Because of the unique ecological selective pressures of sand, often times animals on opposite sides of the planet can convergently evolve similar features, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as ecomorphological convergence.  The Crotalus cerastes native to American deserts and the Bitis peringueyi native to Namibian deserts have independently evolved sidewinding behavior to traverse across sand.  In addition, the African jerboa and the American kangaroo rat have separately evolved a bipedal form with large hind legs that allow them to hop.
Georgeville, Belize
Georgeville	 is a village in the	Cayo District	of	central interior	Belize.	The village is in an agricultural region with the most frequent crops being citrus and banana.	It is one of 192 municipalities administered at the village level in the country for census taking purposes.	The village had a population of	922	in 2010. This represents roughly	1.4	% of the district's total population.	This was a	60.9%	increase	from	573	people recorded in the 2000 census. It is named in honour of Hon. George Cadle Price, a nation's first prime minister.

Cayo District
Cayo is a district located in the west part of Belize, and it contains the capital, Belmopan. It is the most extensive, second-most populous and third-most densely populated of the six districts of Belize. The district's capital is the town of San Ignacio.
Alumni Stadium (WPI)
Alumni Stadium is a football and all-purpose stadium located on the campus of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is the home field of the WPI Engineers football team of the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC). The present seating capacity of the stadium is 2,000. Opened 110 years ago in 1914, it was named Alumni Stadium in honor of all the alumni who funded its construction.

WPI Engineers
The WPI Engineers are the athletic teams of Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The school sponsors 20 varsity sports.

WPI teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. The Engineers are a member of the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, rowing, soccer, swimming & diving, track & field and wrestling;  women's sports include basketball, cross country, field hockey, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, track & field and volleyball.
Rahul Buddhi
Rahul Buddhi (born 20 September 1997) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 19 January 2020, for Hyderabad in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy. He made his Twenty20 debut on 10 January 2021, for Hyderabad in the 2020–21 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. He made his List A debut on 8 December 2021, for Hyderabad in the 2021–22 Vijay Hazare Trophy. In February 2022, he was bought by the Mumbai Indians in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament for the base price of two million Indian rupees.

2022 Indian Premier League
The 2022 Indian Premier League (also known as IPL 15 or for sponsorship reasons, TATA IPL 2022) was the fifteenth season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was played from 26 March 2022 to 29 May 2022. The group stage of the tournament was played entirely in the state of Maharashtra, with Mumbai, Navi Mumbai and Pune hosting matches.

The season saw the expansion of the league with the addition of two new franchises. Chennai Super Kings were the defending champions, having won their fourth title during the previous season.

In the final, Gujarat Titans beat Rajasthan Royals, by seven wickets to win their maiden title in their first season.
Kim Jae-hyun
Kim Jae-hyun is a South Korean drummer, actor, model and singer. He is known for his roles in dramas such as Modern Farmer, Sisters-in-law and Kimi to Sekai ga Owaru Hi ni: Season 1. He is a member of the South Korean band N.Flying.

Modern Farmer (TV series)
Modern Farmer (Korean: 모던파머) is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Lee Hong-gi, Park Min-woo, Lee Si-eon, Kwak Dong-yeon, and Lee Hanee. It aired on SBS from October 18 to December 21, 2014 on Saturdays and Sundays at 20:45 for 20 episodes.
Yamagata Masakage
Yamagata Masakage (山県 昌景; 1524 – June 29, 1575) also known as Obu Masakage was a Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku period.  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen". He was famous for his red armour and skill in battle, and was a personal friend of Takeda Shingen. He was the younger brother of Obu Toramasa, who was also a retainer of Shingen, leading the famous "red fire unit" (derived from Shingen's slogan Fūrinkazan).

Fūrinkazan
Fūrinkazan (Japanese: 風林火山; "Wind, Forest, Fire, Mountain") is a popularized version of the battle standard used by the Sengoku period daimyō Takeda Shingen. The banner quoted four phrases from Sun Tzu's The Art of War: "be like a wind in a rapid march, a woods in a steady march, a fire in a raid, a mountain in a standoff."
Alison Grant
Alison Grant (born 9 August 1961) is an association football player who represented New Zealand.

Grant made her Football Ferns 3–3 draw with Australia on 18 May 1980, and finished her international career with 37 caps and 11 goals to her credit.

Australia women's national soccer team
The Australia women's national soccer team is overseen by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia, which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. The team's official nickname is "the Matildas" (from the Australian folk song "Waltzing Matilda"; officially known as the CommBank Matildas for sponsorship reasons); they were known as the "Female Socceroos" before 1995.

Australia is a three-time OFC champion, one-time AFC champion and one-time AFF champion. The team has represented Australia at the FIFA Women's World Cup on eight occasions (once as co-host in 2023) and at the Olympic Games on five, although it has won neither tournament. Their performance in the 2023 World Cup attracted significant nationwide attention and has had an impact on the perception of women's sport in Australia.
MV Red Osprey
MV Red Osprey is a Raptor Class vehicle and passenger ferry operated by Red Funnel on their route from Southampton to East Cowes on the Isle of Wight. She was built by Ferguson Shipbuilders in Port Glasgow.

East Cowes
East Cowes is a town and civil parish in the north of the Isle of Wight, on the east bank of the River Medina, next to its west bank neighbour Cowes. It has a population of 8,428 according to the 2021 Census.

The two towns are connected by the Cowes Floating Bridge, a chain ferry operated by the Isle of Wight Council.

East Cowes is the site of Norris Castle, and Osborne House, the former summer residence of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The Prince had a major influence on the architecture of the area, for example on the building of St Mildred's Church in nearby Whippingham, which features distinctive turrets imitating those found on a German castle.
Ari Trausti Guðmundsson
Ari Trausti Guðmundsson (born 3 December 1948) is an Icelandic geologist, author, documentarian, broadcaster, journalist, lecturer, mountaineer and explorer. He worked as teacher, consultant and lecturer on: earth science, environmental and tourism issues. He served as a mountain guide, TV- weather reporter, media presenter and producer and has planned nature and science exhibitions in Iceland, Paris and London and authored non-fiction books, fiction and poetry. He was a presidential candidate in 2012. He was elected as a member of Icelandic Parliament in 2016 and served until 2021.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry
The Interior Characterization of Europa using Magnetometry (ICEMAG) is a multi-frequency magnetometer that was proposed to be flown on board the Europa Clipper mission to Jupiter's moon Europa, but its inclusion was cancelled in March 2019. Magnetic induction is a powerful tool for probing the subsurface and determine Europa's ocean depth, salinity, and ice shell thickness, as well as detecting erupting plume activity.

The Principal Investigator is Carol Raymond, at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

On March 5, 2019, NASA's Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate, Thomas Zurbuchen, announced that ICEMAG would no longer be part of the Europa Clipper mission, primarily citing recurring cost increases (over three times the original cost put forward in the proposal). A less complex magnetometer will be included on the mission.

Science Mission Directorate
The Science Mission Directorate (SMD) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is one of the six directorates that constitute NASA. It operates across several key NASA Centers, with significant leadership and management at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C., coordinating activities at centers like Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, and Ames Research Center at Moffett Field in California, guiding research in Earth Science, Heliophysics, Planetary Science, and Astrophysics.
Helge Røstad
Helge Røstad (29 December 1923 – 23 October 1994) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Kristiansand. He worked in the Norwegian Prosecuting Authority from 1968, as deputy under-secretary of State in the Ministry of Justice and the Police from 1970, and as a Supreme Court Justice from 1976 to 1993. In 1985 he received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of 
Law at Uppsala University, Sweden.

Ministry of Justice and Public Security
The Royal Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Norwegian: Det kongelige justis- og beredskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry that oversees justice, the police, and domestic intelligence. The main purpose of the ministry is to provide for the maintenance and development of the basic rule of law.  An overriding objective is to ensure the security of society and of individual citizens. The ministry was founded in 1818 and currently employs about 400 people in the central government department. Its subordinate agencies include the Norwegian Police Service, the Norwegian Correctional Service, the Norwegian Police Security Service, the Norwegian Prosecuting Authority, the Judiciary of Norway, and the Directorate of Immigration, and employ around 30,000 people. The Ministry of Justice of Norway oversees the administration of justice in Svalbard.
Martinci
Martinci (Serbian Cyrillic: Мартинци) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Sremska Mitrovica municipality, Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3,639 people (2002 census).

Srem District
The Srem District (Serbian: Сремски округ, romanized: Sremski okrug, pronounced [srɛ̂ːmskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the geographical regions of Syrmia and Mačva. According to the 2022 census, the Srem District has a population of 282,547 inhabitants. The administrative center is the city of Sremska Mitrovica.
Nawel Chiali
Nawel Chiali (born 28 June 1991) is an Algerian rower.

She competed in the 2018 World Rowing Championships held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

She competed in rowing at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco. She won the gold medal in the women's single sculls 500 metres event. She also won the gold medal in the women's single sculls 1000 metres event.

2019 African Games
The 12th African Games (Arabic: الألعاب الإفريقية الثانية عشرة), also known as Rabat 2019 (Arabic: الرباط 2019), were held from 19 to 31 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco. This was the first time that the African Games were hosted by Morocco following the country's readmission to the African Union in January 2017.

Later five Egyptian athletes (Abderrahmane Al Sayed, Ibrahim Moustafa, Samar Hossein, Sara Ahmed Samir, Farag Salma) were disqualified due to anti-doping violations.
Alp Tarkhan
Alp Tarkhan was a Khazar general active in the Khazar-Arab Wars of the early 8th century. It is unclear whether "Alp Tarkhan" is a name or a title. The Old Turkic word Alp means hero, and was an element in such names as Alp Arslan, but could also be used as a title for a victorious general. Similarly, Tarkhan or "warlord" could be used as both a personal name and a military rank.

Alp Arslan
Alp Arslan (Persian: آلپ ارسلان; full name: Muhammad Alp Arslan bin Dawud Chaghri), was the second sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty and the empire. He reigned from 1063 until his assassination in 1072.

Alp Arsan greatly expanded Seljuk territories and consolidated his power, defeating rivals to the south, east, and northwest. His victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 ushered in the Turkoman settlement of Anatolia. For his military achievements, he earned the name Alp Arslan, which means "Heroic Lion" in Turkish.
Second inauguration of Donald Trump
The  inauguration of Donald Trump as the 47th president of the United States took place on Monday, January 20, 2025. Due to freezing temperatures and high winds, it was held inside the U.S. Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C. It was the 60th U.S. presidential inauguration and the second inauguration of Trump as U.S. president, marking the commencement of his second and final presidential term, and the first term of JD Vance as vice president. It was the second re-inauguration for a former U.S. president, after the second inauguration of Grover Cleveland in 1893. Trump's first inauguration was eight years earlier, on January 20, 2017.

The event included a swearing-in ceremony, a signing ceremony, an inaugural luncheon, a first honors ceremony, and then a procession and parade at Capital One Arena. Inaugural balls were held at various venues before and after the inaugural ceremonies. The Capitol rotunda can seat approximately 600 people; the number of attendees has not been disclosed.

Party for Socialism and Liberation
The Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL) is a communist political party in the United States. PSL formed in 2004, when its members split from the Workers World Party.

PSL describes itself as a revolutionary socialist party in the Leninist tradition, because the party believes that only a revolution can end capitalism and establish socialism. PSL pursues this goal by participating in local protests, running candidates in elections, and conducting political education.

Notable members include Claudia De la Cruz, Eugene Puryear, Gloria La Riva, Jodi Dean, and Michael Prysner.
Waking the Cadaver
Waking the Cadaver is an American death metal band from Sayreville, New Jersey, formed in 2006. Originally called Death to Honor, the band released one demo in 2004 before changing their name to Waking the Cadaver in 2006. The band has released four albums: Perverse Recollections of a Necromangler (2007), Beyond Cops, Beyond God (2010), Real-Life Death (2013), and Authority Through Intimidation (2021). They are now signed to Unique Leader Records.

Brutal death metal
Brutal death metal is a subgenre of death metal that privileges heaviness, speed and complex rhythms over other aspects, such as melody and timbres. The genre was pioneered in the early 1990s by Suffocation and other groups from New York including Mortician, Skinless and Malignancy. Its subgenre slam death metal quickly developed, played by Internal Bleeding, Devourment and Cephalotripsy, putting a greater emphasis on the genre's mid-tempo, groove sections and breakdowns. During the mid–1990s, a prominent wave of groups emphasising the genre's more technical aspects developed with Cryptopsy, Nile, Origin and Dying Fetus. During the mid–2000s, there was a revived interest in brutal death metal and slam, a period which produced Katalepsy and Ingested, and saw groups lean into cleaner production styles.
Mae
Mae (stylized mae) is an American rock band that formed in Norfolk, Virginia in 2001. The band's name is an acronym for "Multisensory Aesthetic Experience", based on a course taken by drummer Jacob Marshall while a student at Old Dominion University.

E Street Band
The E Street Band is an American rock band that has been the primary backing band for rock musician Bruce Springsteen since 1972. For the bulk of Springsteen's recording and performing career, the band consisted of guitarists Steven Van Zandt, Nils Lofgren, and Patti Scialfa, keyboardists Danny Federici and Roy Bittan, bassist Garry Tallent, drummer Max Weinberg and saxophonist Clarence Clemons. In 2014, the E Street Band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

When not working with Springsteen, members of the band have recorded solo material and have pursued successful careers as session musicians, record producers, songwriters, actors and other roles in entertainment.
Paltus-class submarine
The Paltus-class submarine is a Russian special purpose mini-submarine of project 1851.1. Two boats were completed - AS-21 and AS-35 as a follow-up of the single "X-Ray"-class boat AS-23 (Project 1851). They are both part of the 29th special submarine squadron at Olenya Guba.

The surface displacement is approximately 300 tons with a length of 98 feet (30 m). The propulsion comes from nuclear power with the operating depth in excess of 3,800 feet (1,200 m). The designer, according to Polmar was Sergei Bavilin who had designed the earlier diesel electric Project 865/Piranya small submarine of similar dimensions.

"Paltus" means halibut in Russian.

Norman Polmar
Norman Polmar is an author specializing in the naval, aviation, and intelligence areas.

He has led major projects for the United States Department of Defense and the United States Navy, and foreign governments. His professional expertise has served three Secretaries of the U.S. Navy and two Chiefs of Naval Operations. He is credited with 50 published books, including nine previous editions of Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet and four editions of Guide to the Soviet Navy.  Polmar writes a column for  Proceedings  and was editor of the United States and several other sections of the annual publications of Janes Fighting Ships.

In 2019, the Naval Historical Foundation awarded Polmar the Commodore Dudley W. Knox Naval History Lifetime Achievement Award.
Penticton Memorial Arena
Penticton Memorial Arena is a hockey arena and ice rink located in Penticton, British Columbia. The arena is notable for its status as a war memorial, its specialized wooden arch roof, and for hosting the Okanagan Hockey School and the senior Penticton Vees.

Ice hockey arena
An ice hockey arena (or ice hockey venue, or ice hockey stadium) is a sport venue in which an ice hockey competition is held. Alternatively it is used for other sports such as broomball, ringette and rink bandy.
Bergamot essential oil
Bergamot essential oil (pronounced /ˈbɜːrɡəmɒt/), is a cold-pressed essential oil produced by cells inside the rind of a bergamot orange fruit. It is a common flavouring and top note in perfumes. The scent of bergamot essential oil is similar to a sweet light orange peel oil with a floral note.

Generally recognized as safe
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) is a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts under the conditions of its intended use. An ingredient with a GRAS designation is exempted from the usual Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) food additive tolerance requirements.

Some examples of substances recognized as GRAS include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), citric acid, and salt, which are all commonly used in food preservation and flavoring. The concept of food additives being "generally recognized as safe" was first described in the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, and all additives introduced after this time had to be evaluated by new standards.
Wesley Warren Jr.
Wesley Warren Jr (June 23, 1963 – March 14, 2014) was an American man who attracted worldwide attention for his problems with scrotal elephantiasis, which caused his scrotum to grow to a weight of 132.5 pounds (60.1 kg) and hang down a little below his knees. After launching a campaign to raise the money for an operation to resolve the problem, for which he raised only $2,000, he underwent surgery in April 2013 after visiting Dr. Joel Gelman of the University of California, Irvine's Center for Reconstructive Urology, who was aware that Warren could not afford the surgery and so performed it for free. Warren's struggles with his condition and his subsequent operation were filmed by a British television crew for a documentary The Man with the 10-Stone Testicles, which aired on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom on June 24, 2013. He died of complications from diabetes on March 14, 2014.

Scrotum
In most terrestrial mammals, the scrotum (pl.: scrotums or scrota; possibly from Latin scortum, meaning "hide" or "skin") or scrotal sac is a part of the external male genitalia located at the base of the penis. It consists of a sac of skin containing the external spermatic fascia, testicles, epididymides, and vasa deferentia. The scrotum will usually tighten when exposed to cold temperatures.

The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females.