hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valve RF amplifier
A valve RF amplifier (UK and Aus.) or tube amplifier (U.S.) is a device for electrically amplifying the power of an electrical radio frequency signal.

Low to medium power valve amplifiers for frequencies below the microwaves were largely replaced by solid state amplifiers during the 1960s and 1970s, initially for receivers and low power stages of transmitters, transmitter output stages switching to transistors somewhat later. Specially constructed valves are still in use for very high power transmitters, although rarely in new designs.

Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).  The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD), a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on rotating disks.
Stanley Tarshis
Stanley Gordon Tarshis (November 15, 1937 – October 6, 2022) was an American artistic gymnast. He was the NCAA horizontal bar champion in 1959 and 1960. In 1958, he came in second place to Abie Grossfeld preventing him from becoming the only three-time horizontal bar champion in NCAA history. Tarshis was also awarded the “Big Ten Medal of Honor” in 1960 in his final year at Michigan State University.

Abie Grossfeld
Abraham Israel "Abie" Grossfeld (born March 1, 1934) is an American gymnastics coach and former gymnast. Grossfeld represented the United States as a gymnast for 15 consecutive years in 35 countries as a member of 26 international United States men's national artistic gymnastics teams including the Olympic Games, World Championships, and Pan American Games.
Global Planners Network
The Global Planners Network (commonly abbreviated to GPN) is a group of spatial planning institutes and other organizations, who have signed the Vancouver Declaration. Current GPN membership extends to 25 organizations representing more than 150,000 planners.

American Planning Association
The American Planning Association (APA) is a professional organization representing the field of urban planning in the United States. APA was formed in 1978, when two separate professional planning organizations, the American Institute of Planners and the American Society of Planning Officials, were merged into a single organization. The American Institute of Certified Planners is now the organization's professional branch. Its headquarters is in Chicago, Illinois.
Computational Complexity Conference
The Computational Complexity Conference (CCC) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science whose roots date to 1986. It fosters research in computational complexity theory, and is typically held annually between mid-May and mid-July in North America or Europe. Since 2015, CCC has been organized independently by the Computational Complexity Foundation (CCF).

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
Priscilla Mamba
Priscilla Innocentia Lungile Mamba (born 4 January 1972) is a Swaziland athlete. She competed for Swaziland at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the Women's 5000 metres event. She finished 16th of 17 competitors in her heat and did not advance to the final. She also competed at the 1991, 1999 and the 2003 World Championships.

Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 5000 metres
The Women's 5000 metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics programme was held at Stadium Australia on Friday 22 September, and Sunday 25 September 2000. The top four runners in each of the initial three heats automatically qualified for the final. The next three fastest runners from across the heats also qualified. There were a total number of 50 participating athletes.

The winning margin was 0.23 seconds which as of 2025 is the only time the women's 5,000 metres has been won by less than 0.4 seconds at the Olympics.
Honda Civic (eleventh generation)
The eleventh-generation Honda Civic (FE/FL) is a compact car (C-segment) manufactured by Honda since 2021, replacing the tenth-generation Civic. It was launched in the North American market in June 2021, in Southeast Asia in August, Japan and China in September, and Australia and New Zealand in December. It was launched in Pakistan in March 2022, followed by Europe in late 2022. The liftback variation (marketed as "Civic Hatchback") was unveiled on 23 June 2021, for North America and Japan. This generation is also the first Civic since the second-generation not to offer a two-door version (whether three-door hatchback or two-door coupe) due to declining sales.

Compact car
Compact car is a vehicle size class—predominantly used in North America—that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. "Small family car" is a British term and a part of the C-segment in the European car classification. However, before the downsizing of the United States car industry in the 1970s and 1980s, larger vehicles with wheelbases up to 110 in (2.79 m) were considered "compact cars" in the United States.
Hedwig Bilgram
Hedwig Bilgram (born 31 March 1933) is a German musician and educator.

She was born in Memmingen. She studied piano from an early age and went on to study organ with Karl Richter and piano with Friedrich Wührer. In 1959, she won first prize at the ARD International Music Competition. In 1961, she began teaching at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich in Munich and became a professor in 1964.

For many years, she performed with the Münchener Bach-Chor and Münchener Bach-Orchester under Karl Richter. Bilgram has performed as a soloist and with musicians such as Paul Meisen, Maurice André and Jean-Pierre Rampal in Europe, North America, Japan and Russia. She has been a member of the Berlin Haydn Ensemble since 1990. She has premiered works by Harald Genzmer, Henri Tomasi and André Jolivet.

André Jolivet
André Jolivet (pronounced [ɑ̃dʁe ʒɔlivɛ]; 8 August 1905 – 20 December 1974) was a French composer. Known for his devotion to French culture and musical thought, Jolivet drew on his interest in acoustics and atonality, as well as both ancient and modern musical influences, particularly on instruments used in ancient times. He composed in a wide variety of forms for many different types of ensembles.
Paulo Roberto Santos
Paulo Roberto dos Santos (born 23 October 1958), known as Paulo Roberto Santos or Paulo Roberto, is a Brazilian football coach and former player who played as a left back. He is the current head coach of Votuporanguense.

Copa Paulista
The Copa Paulista de Futebol, formerly known as Copa FPF, also sometimes called Copa Federação Paulista de Futebol or, in English, São Paulo State Cup, is a tournament organized by Federação Paulista de Futebol Company every second half of the season. It is played by São Paulo state teams not playing in the Campeonato Brasileiro Serie A and by reserve teams of Paulista teams playing in the Brazilian League.

The competition has already had several different names. In 2001, it was named Copa Coca-Cola (Coca-Cola Cup), due to the company's sponsorship. In 2002, it was named Copa Futebol Interior (São Paulo Countryside Football Cup). In 2003 it was named Copa Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo State Cup). From 2004 to 2007 it was named Copa FPF. Since 2008 it is named Copa Paulista de Futebol.

Since 2005, the competition winner gained the right to compete in the following year's Copa do Brasil. From 2007 to 2010, the Copa Paulista winner also competed in Recopa Sul-Brasileira.
Paramere
Parameres ("side parts") are part of the external reproductive organs of male insects. The term was first used by Verhoeff in 1893 for the lateral genital lobes in Coleoptera. The primary phallic lobes which appear in the nymph or larval stages may become a pair of penes in the Ephemeroptera or a simple median penis in the Thysanura. In higher insect orders from Orthoptera to Hymenoptera, each of the primary lobes is divided into two secondary lobes or phallomeres, termed parameres and mesomeres (this use of the term "mesomere" is not to be confused with the same term in segmentation embryology). In adult insects, parameres may elongate and become genital claspers. These claspers may themselves occur in two segments, forming a proximal basimere and a distal telomere or harpago ("grappling hook").

The morphology of insect genitalia displays enormous diversity and consequently has become of prime importance in taxonomy or the classification of insects by their affinities.

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
Christiana Hospital
Christiana Hospital is a 1,039-bed nationally ranked, non-profit, tertiary, research and academic medical center located in Stanton, Newark, Delaware, servicing the entire Delaware area and parts of southern New Jersey. Christiana Hospital is the region's only university-level tertiary academic medical center. The hospital is affiliated with the Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University and the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. Christiana Hospital is owned by ChristianaCare as the flagship hospital of the system. Christiana Hospital is also a ACS designated level I trauma center, the only in Delaware. In addition, the hospital has a helipad to handle critical medevac patients. Christiana Hospital also features an AAP-verified, level III neonatal intensive care unit with 60 bassinets.

The Christiana Hospital campus is also home to the Center for Heart & Vascular Health and the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Burevestnik Central Scientific Research Institute
JSC CRI Central Scientific Research Institute Burevestnik (Russian: Центральный научно-исследовательский институт «Буревестник») is a Russian arms industry company based in Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia. It is part of Uralvagonzavod.

Burevestnik is a major designer of artillery systems. Seventy percent of Burevestnik's work reportedly is now civil, with priority interest in the fields of ecology, agriculture, and the processing and preservation of agricultural produce. Burevestnik designed the 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV self-propelled gun, first unveiled during the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade. Burevestnik also designed the 2S39 Magnolia, a self-propelled artillery gun, which uses the DT-30 Vityaz chassis.

Vityaz (ATV)
The Vityaz DT is a family of multi-purpose articulated tracked carrier developed in the Soviet Union. It was designed to carry heavy loads in difficult terrain like swamps, sand and snow in extreme weather conditions.
Eddie Cooper (actor)
Eddie Cooper (born 1987) is a British actor, best known for his portrayal of the main character Charlie Spinner in the CBBC television series Oscar Charlie opposite David Swift.  Other notable roles are as Albert Sandwich in the BBC film drama Carrie's War, Prince Harry in the television film about Prince William and Sam Warren in parts 1 and 2 of Messiah.  Cooper made minor appearances in Seven Days to Live and The Truth About Love, and lent his voice to a character in the video game Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. In 2015, Cooper starred alongside Jake Gyllenhaal and Ellen Greene in Encores! rendition of Little Shop of Horrors, in which he played Audrey II.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
Chris Gantry
Chris Gantry (born December 29, 1942) is an American country musician and songwriter known for his involvement in the outlaw country genre. Gantry is known for writing songs such as "Dreams of the Everyday Housewife."

Outlaw country
Outlaw country is a subgenre of American country music created by a small group of artists active in the 1970s and early 1980s, known collectively as the outlaw movement, who fought for and won their creative freedom outside of the Nashville establishment that dictated the sound of most country music of the era. Johnny Cash, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Kris Kristofferson, David Allan Coe and Jerry Jeff Walker were among the movement's most commercially successful members.

The music has its roots in earlier subgenres like Western, honky tonk, rockabilly, and progressive country, and is characterized by a blend of rock and folk rhythms, country instrumentation, and introspective lyrics. The movement began as a reaction to the slick production and limiting structures of the Nashville sound developed by Chet Atkins and other record producers.
69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess
69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess is an experimental novel by the British writer Stewart Home, first published by Canongate in 2002.  It tells the story of a suicidal man investigating a conspiracy theory about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, with much explicit sex and philosophical discussions, and was positively reviewed by The Times and the London Review of Books.

Experimental literature
Experimental literature is a genre of literature that is generally "difficult to define with any sort of precision." It experiments with the conventions of literature, including boundaries of genres and styles; for example, it can be written in the form of prose narratives or poetry, but the text may be set on the page in differing configurations than that of normal prose paragraphs or in the classical stanza form of verse. It may also incorporate art or photography. Furthermore, while experimental literature was traditionally handwritten, the digital age has seen an exponential use of writing experimental works with word processors.
El Encuentro (prison)
El Encuentro (Spanish for "The Encounter") is a maximum security prison in Santa Elena, Ecuador. The prison opened on 11 November 2025 when it accepted a transfer of 300 prisoners from the La Roca prison.

Maximum security prison
Maximum security prisons and supermax prisons are grades of high security level used by prison systems in various countries, which pose a higher level of security to prevent prisoners from escaping and/or doing harm to other inmates or security guards.

For the United States, see Incarceration in the United States § Security levels

For Canada, see Correctional Service of Canada § Security classification of offenders

For other prison systems, see Prison § Security levels
George Thurland Prior
George Thurland Prior FRS (16 December 1862 – 8 March 1936) was a British mineralogist. He made great contributions to mineralogical chemistry, petrology and meteoritics.

He was born in Oxford, England, and attended Magdalen College there in 1881. He received a first class in the Honour School in Chemistry in 1885 and Physics in 1886. Later he went to study in Germany. He obtained his Doctor of Science degree from Oxford University in 1905.

He entered the British Museum in 1887, where he was Keeper of Minerals from 1909 to 1927. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1912.

Meteoritics
Meteoritics is the science that deals with meteors, meteorites, and meteoroids. It is closely connected to cosmochemistry, mineralogy and geochemistry. A specialist who studies meteoritics is known as a meteoriticist.

Scientific research in meteoritics includes the collection, identification, and classification of meteorites and the analysis of samples taken from them in a laboratory. Typical analyses include investigation of the minerals that make up the meteorite, their relative locations, orientations, and chemical compositions; analysis of isotope ratios; and radiometric dating. These techniques are used to determine the age, formation process, and subsequent history of the material forming the meteorite. This provides information on the history of the Solar System, how it formed and evolved, and the process of planet formation.
Hyoscyamus
Hyoscyamus — known as the henbanes — is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. It comprises 31 species, all of which are toxic. It, along with other genera in the same family, is a source of the drug hyoscyamine (daturine). Cruciferous type of stomata are present in Hyoscyamus.

Hyoscyamus means "hog-bean" in botanical Latin and was a name derogatorily applied to the plant by Dioscorides.

The poisonous, narcotic henbanes were associated with witchcraft since earliest times. The Assyrians recommended hanging them on one's door to ward off sorcery. Witches found them valuable especially due to their trance-inducing capabilities, and they were used in flying ointment rituals. They have been used to lessen pain, neuralgia and diminish convulsions. Dioscorides recommended them largely for external pain killing use. The leaves are made into a kind of cigarette to relieve asthma and other respiratory ailments.

Convulsion
A convulsion is a medical condition where the body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking. Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. However, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. Non-epileptic convulsions have no relation with epilepsy, and are caused by non-epileptic seizures.

Convulsions can be caused by epilepsy, infections (including a severe form of listeriosis which is caused by eating food contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes), brain trauma, or other medical conditions. They can also occur from an electric shock or improperly enriched air for scuba diving.

The word fit is sometimes used to mean a convulsion or epileptic seizure.
Battle of Pharsalus
The Battle of Pharsalus was the decisive battle of Caesar's Civil War fought on 9 August 48 BC near Pharsalus in Central Greece. Julius Caesar and his allies formed up opposite the army of the Roman Republic under the command of Pompey. Pompey had the backing of a majority of Roman senators and his army significantly outnumbered the veteran Caesarian legions.

Pressured by his officers, Pompey reluctantly engaged in battle and suffered an overwhelming defeat, ultimately fleeing the camp and his men, disguised as an ordinary citizen. Eventually making his way to Egypt, he was assassinated upon his arrival at the order of Ptolemy XIII.

Central Greece (geographic region)
Continental Greece (Greek: Στερεά Ελλάδα, romanized: Stereá Elláda; formerly Χέρσος Ἑλλάς, Chérsos Ellás), colloquially known as Roumeli (Ρούμελη), is a traditional geographic region of Greece. In English, the area is usually called Central Greece, but the equivalent Greek term (Κεντρική Ελλάδα, Kentrikí Elláda) is more rarely used.

It includes the southern part of the Greek mainland (sans the Peloponnese), as well as the offshore island of Euboea. Since 1987, its territory has been divided among the administrative regions of Central Greece and Attica, and the regional unit (former prefecture) of Aetolia-Acarnania in the administrative region of Western Greece.
Bükkábrány coal mine
The Bükkábrány Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Bükkábrány, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 400 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world and had an annual production of 3.5 million tonnes of coal in the early 2010s.

Bükkábrány
Bükkábrány is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary. In its open cast coal mine palaeontologist  found sixteen preserved trunks of cypress trees, estimated to be eight million years old. See 8 million years old cypresses.
Kyūkyoku Chōjin R
Kyūkyoku Chōjin R (Japanese: 究極超人あ～る, Hepburn: Kyūkyoku Chōjin Āru; "Ultimate Superhuman R") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masami Yuki. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from 1985 to 1987. The series revolved around a teenage robot named R. Ichiro Tanaka. Later, it was revealed that R's creator Dr. Narihara only built R for a failed attempt to take over the world.

Akemi Takada
Akemi Takada (高田明美, Takada Akemi; born March 31, 1955) is a Japanese manga artist and anime character designer born in Tokyo, Japan. Her character-design work is one of the more recognizable styles of the 1980s, when she worked on series like Creamy Mami and Kimagure Orange Road. She is also noted for her long collaboration with director Mamoru Oshii. She graduated from Tama Art University, after which she worked for Tatsunoko Pro. She is currently a freelance manga artist with her own studio, though she is also a member of the creative group Headgear. She also has her own designer jewelry store called Diakosmos.

Takada began working for Tatsunoko productions after visiting the production office as a fan during the broadcast of Gatchaman.