hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euskal Trenbide Sarea
Euskal Trenbide Sarea (Basque for 'Basque Railway Network', Spanish: Red Ferroviaria Vasca), commonly known by its acronym ETS, is a railway infrastructure manager operating in the Basque Country, Spain. The company was formed in 2004, but the railway infrastructure it operates was transferred from Euskotren in 2006. It is a member of the International Union of Railways.

The company owns the network in which Euskotren operates (including the Irauregi–Lutxana and Ariz–Basurto freight lines), as well as the infrastructure of the Bilbao and Vitoria-Gasteiz tram systems. It also shares the ownership of lines 1 and 2 of the Bilbao metro with the Biscay Transport Consortium. The company is also building the Gipuzkoan branch of the Basque Y high-speed line under an agreement with ADIF.

Line 1 (Bilbao metro)
Line 1 of the Bilbao metro is a rapid transit line in Biscay, Basque Country, Spain. It runs from Etxebarri to Plentzia. Its route covers the municipality of Etxebarri, the city of Bilbao, the right bank of the Nervión river and Uribe Kosta. The line has 29 stations.
Architectural model
An architectural model is a type of scale model made to study aspects of an architectural design or to communicate design intent. They are made using a variety of materials including paper, plaster, plastic, resin, wood, glass, and metal.

Models are built either with traditional handcraft techniques or via 3D printing technologies such as stereolithography, fused filament fabrication, and selective laser sintering.

Stereolithography
Stereolithography (SLA or SL; also known as vat photopolymerisation, optical fabrication, photo-solidification, or resin printing) is a form of 3D printing technology used for creating models, prototypes, patterns, and production parts in a layer-by-layer fashion using photochemical processes by which light causes chemical monomers and oligomers to cross-link together to form polymers. Those polymers then make up the body of a three-dimensional solid. Research in the area had been conducted during the 1970s, but the term was coined by Chuck Hull in 1984 when he applied for a patent on the process, which was granted in 1986.  Stereolithography can be used to create prototypes for products in development, medical models, and computer hardware, as well as in many other applications. While stereolithography is fast and can produce almost any design, it can be expensive.
Two-stroke diesel engine
A two-stroke diesel engine is a diesel engine that uses compression ignition in a two-stroke combustion cycle. It was invented by Hugo Güldner in 1899.

In compression ignition, air is first compressed and heated; fuel is then injected into the cylinder, causing it to self-ignite. This delivers a power stroke each time the piston rises and falls, without any need for the additional exhaust and induction strokes of the four-stroke cycle.

Detroit Diesel
Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) is an American diesel engine manufacturer headquartered in Detroit, Michigan. It is a subsidiary of Daimler Truck North America, which is itself a wholly owned subsidiary of the multinational Daimler Truck AG. The company manufactures heavy-duty engines and chassis components for the on-highway and vocational commercial truck markets. Detroit Diesel has built more than 5 million engines since 1938, more than 1 million of which are still in operation worldwide. Detroit Diesel's product line includes engines, axles, transmissions, and a Virtual Technician service.

Detroit engines, transmissions, and axles are used in several models of truck manufactured by Daimler Truck North America.
McGinness
McGinness is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jack McGinness, Australia's first elected Aboriginal union leader, son of Lucy McGinness and father of Kathy Mills

Joe McGinness (1914–2003), Australian Aboriginal activist, son of Lucy McGinness

John McGinness (born 1943), American physicist

Lucy McGinness (c.1874?–1961), aka Alngindabu, Aboriginal Australian elder

Mike McGinness (1947–2025), American politician in Nevada

Paul McGinness (1896–1955), Australian World War I flying ace

Ryan McGinness (born 1972), American artist

Val McGinness (1910–1988) son of Lucy McGinness

Paul McGinness
Paul Joseph McGinness, DFC, DCM (14 February 1896 – 25 January 1952) was an Australian flying ace of the First World War, credited with seven aerial victories. He was a co-founder of Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services (Qantas).
Faqir Nabi
Faqir Nabi, also credited as Faqeer Nabi (Afghanistan, c. 1953 – 26 June 2020), was an Afghan film actor whose professional career in Afghan cinema and Bollywood spanned more than 22 years. Nabi appeared in more than 40 Afghan films, including a starring role in Akhtar-e-Maskhara.

Kingdom of Afghanistan
The Kingdom of Afghanistan, also known as the Sublime State of Afghanistan, was a monarchy in Central Asia that was established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan. It was proclaimed by its first king, Amanullah Khan, seven years after he acceded to the throne. The monarchy ended in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état.
Fenchel–Moreau theorem
In convex analysis, the Fenchel–Moreau theorem (named after Werner Fenchel and Jean Jacques Moreau) or Fenchel biconjugation theorem (or just biconjugation theorem) is a theorem which gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be equal to its biconjugate.  This is in contrast to the general property that for any function .  This can be seen as a generalization of the bipolar theorem.  It is used in duality theory to prove strong duality (via the perturbation function).

Werner Fenchel
Moritz Werner Fenchel (German: [ˈfɛnçəl]; 3 May 1905 – 24 January 1988) was a German-Danish mathematician known for his contributions to geometry and to optimization theory.  Fenchel established the basic results of convex analysis and nonlinear optimization theory which would, in time, serve as the foundation for nonlinear programming.  A German-born Jew and early refugee from Nazi suppression of intellectuals, Fenchel lived most of his life in Denmark.  Fenchel's monographs and lecture notes are considered influential.
Israel Painters and Sculptors Association
The Israel Painters and Sculptors Association (Hebrew: איגוד הציירים והפסלים בישראל) was established in 1934 and has been associated with many painters and sculptors who worked in Israel. With the establishment of the State of Israel, the name of the association was changed to the "Association of Painters and Sculptors in Israel". In 2002, the name was changed again to "Painters and Sculptors Association (Tel Aviv)" and three independent associations of painters and sculptors were established in Jerusalem, Haifa and Be'er Sheva.

Joseph Zaritsky
Joseph (Yossef) Zaritsky (Hebrew: יוסף זריצקי; September 1, 1891 – November 30, 1985) was one of the early promoters of modern art in the Land of Israel both during the period of the Yishuv (the body of Jewish residents in the Land of Israel before the establishment of the State of Israel) and after the establishment of the State. Regarded as one of the most influential Israeli painters, Zaritsky is known for cofounding the "Ofakim Hadashim" group. In his works, he created a uniquely Israeli style of abstract art. For this work he was awarded the Israel Prize for painting in 1959.
Paramotor Mosquito
The Paramotor Mosquito is a Polish paramotor that was designed by Ryszrd Zygadio and produced by Paramotor Napedy Paralotniowe (English: Paragliding Paramotor Drives) of Warsaw for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Radne Raket 120
The Radne Raket 120 (English: Rocket) is a lightweight single cylinder, two-stroke aircraft engine used for powered hang gliders, paramotors and ultralight aircraft that is built by Radne Motor AB of Haninge, Sweden.
Carvin Nkanata
Carvin Nkanata (born 6 May 1991) is a Kenyan-American athlete specialising in the sprinting events. He won the bronze medal in the 200 metres at the 2014 African Championships. His personal best in the 200 metres (20.14, set in 2015) is the current Kenyan record.

2014 African Championships in Athletics
The 2014 African Championships in Athletics was held in Marrakesh, Morocco from 10 to 14 August 2014. The competition was the 19th edition of Africa senior championships. The competition served as preparation to African athletes for the next continental cup which is planned to hold on 13 and 14 September 2014 in Marrakech. It was the second time that Morocco had hosted the event.
French people in India
The French community in India consists mainly of Indian citizens of French ancestry who are descended from former French settlers and colonists who settled in the Indian subcontinent since the 17th century, as well as recent expatriates from France.

French India
French India, formally the Établissements français dans l'Inde (English: French Settlements in India), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were de facto incorporated into the Republic of India in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several loges ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied.

By 1950, the total area measured 510 km2 (200 sq mi), of which 293 km2 (113 sq mi) belonged to the territory of Pondichéry. In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry.
Puzzle elimia
The puzzle elimia (Elimia varians) is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Pleuroceridae. This species is endemic to the Cahaba River system of  Bibb County, Alabama in the United States

Cahaba River
The Cahaba River is the longest substantially free-flowing river in Alabama. It is a major tributary of the Alabama River and part of the larger Mobile River basin. With headwaters near Birmingham, the Cahaba flows southwest, then at Heiberger turns southeast and joins the Alabama River at the ghost town and former Alabama capital of Cahaba in Dallas County. Entirely within central Alabama, the Cahaba River is 194 miles (312 km) long and drains an area of 1,870 square miles (4,800 km2). The name Cahaba is derived from the Choctaw words oka meaning "water" and aba meaning "above"
Baby Dear
"Baby Dear" is a Dixieland tune composed by Thamon Hayes & Benny Moten.
It was first recorded by Bennie Moten with the Kansas City Orchestra for Okeh Records in 1924, and later by Mary Lou Williams and her Kansas City Seven.
Both records are available on YouTube:

Bennie Moten:

Mary Lou Williams:

Benny Moten
Benny Moten (November 30, 1916 – March 27, 1977) was an American jazz bassist.

Moten had a long career as a sideman from the early 1940s, including with Hot Lips Page, Jerry Jerome, Red Allen (1942–49, 1955–65 intermittently), Eddie South, Stuff Smith, Arnett Cobb, Ella Fitzgerald, Wilbur De Paris (1956–57), Buster Bailey, Roy Eldridge, and Dakota Staton (1961–63). Though he never recorded as a leader, he continued performing nearly until the time of his death.
Hilbert's fourteenth problem
In mathematics, Hilbert's fourteenth problem, that is, number 14 of Hilbert's problems proposed in 1900, asks whether certain algebras are finitely generated.

The setting is as follows: Assume that k is a field and let K be a subfield of the field of rational functions in n variables,

k(x1, ..., xn ) over k.

Consider now the k-algebra R defined as the intersection

Hilbert conjectured that all such algebras are finitely generated over k.

Some results were obtained confirming Hilbert's conjecture in special cases and for certain classes of rings (in particular the conjecture was proved unconditionally for n = 1 and n = 2 by Zariski in 1954). Then in 1959 Masayoshi Nagata found a counterexample to Hilbert's conjecture. The counterexample of Nagata is a suitably constructed ring of invariants for the action of a linear algebraic group.

Rational function
In mathematics, a rational function is any function that can be defined by a rational fraction, which is an algebraic fraction such that both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. The coefficients of the polynomials need not be rational numbers; they may be taken in any field K. In this case, one speaks of a rational function and a rational fraction over K. The values of the variables may be taken in any field L containing K. Then the domain of the function is the set of the values of the variables for which the denominator is not zero, and the codomain is L.

The set of rational functions over a field K is a field, the field of fractions of the ring of the polynomial functions over K.
Môle-Saint-Nicolas
Môle-Saint-Nicolas (French pronunciation: [mol sɛ̃ nikɔla]; Haitian Creole: Mòlsennikola or Omòl) is a commune in the north-western coast of Haiti. It is the chief town of the Môle-Saint-Nicolas Arrondissement in the department of Nord-Ouest.

Departments of Haiti
In the administrative divisions of Haiti, the department (French: département d'Haïti, pronounced [depaʁtəmɑ̃ d‿aiti]; Haitian Creole: depatman Ayiti) is the first of four levels of government. Haiti is divided administratively into ten departments, which are further subdivided into 42 arrondissements, 145 communes, and 571 communal sections.

In 2014, there was a proposal by the Chamber of Deputies to increase the number of departments from 10 to 14 —perhaps as high as 16.
Kirkby Fleetham
Kirkby Fleetham is a village in the county of North Yorkshire, England about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the A1(M) road. Along with the two nearby villages of Great Fencote and Little Fencote it forms the civil parish of Kirkby Fleetham and Fencote. At the 2011 census, it was recorded as having a population of 560.

A1(M) motorway
A1(M) is the designation given to a series of four separate motorway sections in the UK. Each section is an upgrade to a section of the A1, a major north–south road which connects London, the capital of England, with Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. The first section, the Doncaster Bypass, opened in 1961 and is one of the oldest sections of motorway in Britain. Construction of a new section of A1(M) between Leeming and Barton was completed on 29 March 2018, a year later than the anticipated opening in 2017 due to extensive archaeological excavations. Its completion linked the Barton to Washington section with the Darrington to Leeming Bar section, forming the longest A1(M) section overall and reducing the number of sections from five to four.

In 2015, a proposal was made by three local government organisations to renumber as M1 the section of A1(M) between Micklefield and Washington, making this section a northern extension of the M1.
Robert Henry Codrington
Robert Henry Codrington (15 September 1830, Wroughton, Wiltshire – 11 September 1922) was an Anglican priest and anthropologist who made the first study of Melanesian society and culture. His work is still held as a classic of ethnography.

Codrington wrote, "One of the first duties of a missionary is to try to understand the people among whom he works," and he himself reflected a deep commitment to this value. Codrington worked as headmaster of the Melanesian Mission school on Norfolk Island from 1867 to 1887. Over his many years with the Melanesian people, he gained a deep knowledge of their society, languages, and customs through a close association with them. He also intensively studied "Melanesian languages", including the Mota language.

He popularized the use of the word "mana" in the West, and described mana "as a generalized power that is perceived in objects appearing in any sense out of the ordinary, or that is acquired by persons who possess them."

Melanesian Mission
Christianity portal

The Melanesian Mission is an Anglican missionary agency supporting the work of local Anglican churches in Melanesia. It was founded in 1849 by George Selwyn, the first Bishop of New Zealand.
Eucephalus breweri
Eucephalus breweri is a North American species in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Brewer's aster. It is native to California where it grows primarily in the Sierra Nevada at subalpine elevations. Its range extends into northwestern Nevada and southwestern Oregon.

Eucephalus breweri is a perennial herb growing from a woody caudex to a maximum height anywhere between 10 centimeters (4 inches) and one meter (39 inches). The stems are mainly erect and are coated in woolly fibers and resin glands. The abundant hairy, glandular leaves are lance-shaped to oval, pointed, and smooth or toothed along the edges. They are up to 5 centimeters (2 inches) long. The inflorescence holds several discoid flower heads which are packed with long yellow disc florets but no ray florets. They are lined with hairy, glandular phyllaries. The fruit is a hairy achene.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
China Beach Surf Club
The China Beach Surf Club was an unofficial U.S. Military association founded in 1967 in Da Nang, Vietnam and grew into a major cultural and therapeutic outlet for young G.I.s to surf during R&R (military) back from the front lines of the Vietnam War. The beach was referred to as China Beach, but technically was My Khe and marked the first time U.S. troops officially set foot in Vietnam when 3,500 soldiers disembarked there in 1965. What started initially as a small lifeguard outpost, grew into a major surf club with soldiers bringing surfboards back from the states. Today these iconic sixties era surfboards made by Hobie's Hobart Alter and DEXTRA surfboards shaped by Dale Velzy are featured in surf museums across the United States and featured heavily as props in the late 80's drama  China Beach which focused on the stories and adventures of an evacuation hospital in Da Nang, Vietnam. Today, a full-size model of the China Beach Surf Club sits in the California Surf Museum

Lifeguard
A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, beach, spa, river and lake. Lifeguards are trained in swimming and CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue. In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, lifeguards may function as the primary EMS provider.
1889 in birding and ornithology
Birds described in 1889 include  blue-moustached bee-eater, Colima warbler, crowned hornbill, Esmeraldas woodstar, giant sunbird, fernwren, grey-crowned woodpecker, Hunter's sunbird, mountain greenbul, Reischek's parakeet, Woodford's rail.

Esmeraldas woodstar
The Esmeraldas woodstar (Chaetocercus berlepschi) is a rare, neotropical species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. There are six different species in the woodstar genus. Most of them are poorly studied due to their small size, extremely similar resemblance to each other, and rarity. Esmeraldas woodstars are one of the smallest bird species. They are sexually dimorphic. The main difference between sexes is that males have a bright purple throat. Esmeraldas woodstars are found only on the Pacific coast of west Ecuador in semi-deciduous to evergreen forests. They feed on the nectar of flowering shrubs and trees. The main threat to this species is deforestation. Esmeraldas woodstars are Vulnerable and require habitat protection.
Tourism in Honduras
Honduras is a touristic destination that attracts visitors due to its natural environment, white and dark sand beaches, coral reefs, abundant flora and fauna, colonial era towns, and archaeological sites. Other attractions include the area's customs and traditional foods. In 2019 Honduras received 2.8 million foreigners, half of those tourists are cruise passengers.

La Ceiba
La Ceiba (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈsejβa]) is a municipality, the capital of the Honduran department of Atlántida and a port city on the northern coast of Honduras in Central America. It is located on the southern edge of the Caribbean, forming part of the south eastern boundary of the Gulf of Honduras. With an estimated population of 209,000 living in approximately 170 residential areas (called colonias or barrios), it is the fourth most populous and third most important city in the country.

La Ceiba was officially founded on 23 August 1877. The city was named after a giant ceiba tree that grew near the old dock. The city has been officially proclaimed the "Eco-Tourism Capital of Honduras," as well as the "Entertainment Capital of Honduras". Every year, on the third or fourth Saturday of May, the city holds its famous carnival to commemorate Isidore the Laborer (Spanish San Isidro Labrador), which is attended by approximately 500,000 tourists.
Folklore of Assam
Folklore of Assam is a comprehensive book on Assamese folklore authored by Jogesh Das. The book was published by National Book Trust in 1972. The book is a part of the Folklore of India series. The book is originally written in English and then in other Indian languages.

National Book Trust
National Book Trust (NBT) is an Indian state-owned publishing house, headquartered in Delhi, India, founded in 1957 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. NBT publishes reading material in several Indian languages for all age-groups, including books for children and Neo-literates. They publish a monthly Newsletter about recent publications.

The activities of the Trust include publishing, promotion of books and reading, promotion of Indian books abroad, assistance to authors and publishers, and promotion of children's literature.
Andrea Olaya
Andrea Carolina Olaya Gutiérrez (born December 9, 1994) is a Colombian freestyle wrestler. She competed in the women's freestyle 75 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, in which she was eliminated in the round of 16 by Adeline Gray.

Winner of Desafío 2022: The Box 2

Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 75 kg
Women's freestyle 75 kilograms competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, took place on August 18 at the Carioca Arena 2 in Barra da Tijuca.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.