hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brian Herd
William Brian Herd (1931 – 18 July 2016) was an Anglican bishop in Uganda.

Herd was born in Belfast in 1931; educated at Clifton Theological College and ordained in 1959. After a curacy in Wolverhampton he served in Uganda.  He was Archdeacon of Karamoja from 1970 to 1975; and its Bishop from his consecration on 11 January 1976.

Herd was the last white Anglican bishop of the Ugandan Church; he was expelled from the country following the murder of Archbishop Janani Luwum. Four other Anglican bishops also fled the country at the same time.

He died on 18 July 2016.

Janani Luwum
Janani Jakaliya Luwum was a Ugandan Anglican bishop. He was the archbishop of the Church of Uganda from 1974 to 1977 and one of the most influential leaders of the modern church in Africa. He was arrested in February 1977 and died shortly after. Although the official account describes a car crash, it is generally accepted that he was murdered on the orders of then-president Idi Amin.

Since 2015, Uganda has a public holiday on 16 February to celebrate the life of Luwum.
D'Urville Monument
D'Urville Monument is a conspicuous conical summit, 575 m (1,886 ft) high, at the south-west end of Joinville Island, off the north-east end of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was discovered by a British expedition under James Clark Ross between 1839 and 1843. It was named by him for Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville.

Joinville Island
Joinville Island (63°15′S 55°45′W﻿ / ﻿63.250°S 55.750°W﻿ / -63.250; -55.750﻿ (Joinville Island)) is the largest island of the Joinville Island group, about 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long in an east–west direction and 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) wide, lying off the northeastern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by the Antarctic Sound.
Bregenz Riedenburg railway station
Bregenz Riedenburg railway station (German: Haltestelle Bregenz Riedenburg), also known as Riedenburg railway station, is a railway station in the town of Bregenz, the capital of the district of Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It sits at the junction of the standard gauge Vorarlberg and St. Margrethen–Lauterach lines of Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

Vorarlberg Railway
The Vorarlberg Railway (German: Vorarlbergbahn) denotes a railway line running in north-south direction through the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and extending to Lindau (Germany). Its route is similar to the Rheintal/Walgau Autobahn, from Lindau to the border and to Bludenz, where it connects to the Arlberg Railway and Bludenz–Schruns railway (Montafonerbahn) lines. The entire route in Austria is owned and is operated up to Lindau-Insel by the Austrian Federal Railways (Österreichische Bundesbahnen, ÖBB). Services of Vorarlberg S-Bahn, one service of St. Gallen S-Bahn and EuroCity trains of Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) also use a part of the line.

The Vorarlberg Railway is the western continuation of the Arlberg Railway (ÖBB timetable number AT 401) through the Walgau valley and the Vorarlberg section of the Rhine Valley.
Alice Cleaver
Alice Catherine Cleaver (1889–1984) was a survivor of the RMS Titanic and nursemaid for the Allison family, wealthy insurance moguls from Canada during the early 20th century. She is best known for rescuing the youngest Allison child, Hudson Trevor, from the Titanic. Little is known about her later life, as she refused to give interviews after surviving the disaster. She was the subject of books and movies that misidentified her as Alice Mary Cleaver, a woman who was infamous for murdering her own infant.

Felicity Waterman
Felicity Waterman is an English actress known for her role as Vanessa Hunt during the final two seasons of the television drama series Knots Landing, and for her role as regular cast member Lt. Abigail Hawling on the syndicated television series Pensacola: Wings of Gold (1999–2000).

She has also appeared in other TV series such as Thunder in Paradise (as Megan Whitaker Spencer, two episodes, 1994) Babylon 5 (as "Kelsey" in "Mind War", 1994), SeaQuest DSV, Ellen, Northern Exposure, Weird Science and La Femme Nikita, and in direct-to-video movies including Unlawful Passage, Lena's Holiday, and Miracle Beach.
Magic Shell
Magic Shell is a dessert product produced by Smucker’s in the US, originally created as Ice Magic by Cottee's in Australia, and sold in the UK as Bird's Ice Magic. It is a syrup that quickly hardens into a crispy shell when poured onto a cold surface, which is the origin of the product's name. The syrup is primarily designed for use on ice cream. It comes in several flavors, including chocolate, caramel, chocolate fudge, cupcake, cherry, and smores, as well as two unique flavors: one with chocolate, caramel, and pecans, which the company calls "Turtle Delight", and another based on the candy bars Twix, Hershey's, and Reese's.

Cherry-flavored Magic Shell has been discontinued.

Syrup
In cooking, syrup (less commonly sirup; from Latin: sirupus, from earlier Arabic: شراب; sharāb, beverage, wine) is a thick, viscous, liquid condiment consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water. It typically contains a large amount of dissolved sugars but shows little tendency to deposit crystals. In its concentrated form, its consistency is similar to that of molasses. The viscosity arises from the multiple hydrogen bonds between the dissolved sugar, which has many hydroxyl (OH) groups.
Ivan Jones (author)
Ivan Jones is a British writer of fiction. His work includes novels, picture books, plays, poetry anthologies, television series and many adaptations for BBC Radio. He was born in Shropshire and educated at Adams Grammar School in Newport and has a first degree from Birmingham University and a master's degree from the University of Nottingham.

Haberdashers' Adams
Haberdashers' Adams Grammar School is a co-educational state grammar school for pupils aged 11–18 with boarding provision for boys, located in Newport, Shropshire. As of 2024, boarding fees are £14,553 per year for years 7-11 and £15,954 per year for Sixth Form. Haberdashers' Adams was founded in 1656 by William Adams, a wealthy member of the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers (one of the Great Twelve Livery Companies of the City of London). In January 2018, a controversial change occurred where the school changed its name from Adams' Grammar School to Haberdashers' Adams. In July 2022, the school announced that it would become fully co-educational, starting from September 2024.
Emma Kok
Emma Kok (born 12 March 2008) is a Dutch singer. She rose to prominence in 2021 after winning the tenth season of The Voice Kids. In 2023, her performance of "Voilà" with André Rieu and the Johann Strauss Orchestra went viral, amassing more than 100 million views on YouTube.

Johann Strauss Orchestra
The Johann Strauss Orchestra is a pops orchestra founded in the Netherlands by André Rieu in 1987. The orchestra is well known for performing classical works with a distinctly unorthodox frivolity, joking with the audience and performing all sorts of antics.
Brandt matrix
In mathematics, Brandt matrices are matrices, introduced by Brandt (1943), that are related to the number of ideals of given norm in an ideal class of a definite quaternion algebra over the rationals, and that give a representation of the Hecke algebra.

Eichler (1955) calculated the traces of the Brandt matrices.

Let O be an order in a quaternion algebra with class number H, and Ii,...,IH invertible left O-ideals representing the classes.  Fix an integer m.  Let ej denote the number of units in the right order of Ij and let Bij denote the number of α in Ij−1Ii with reduced norm N(α) equal to mN(Ii)/N(Ij). The Brandt matrix B(m) is the H×H matrix with entries Bij.  Up to conjugation by a permutation matrix it is independent of the choice of representatives Ij; it is dependent only on the level of the order O.

Quaternion algebra
In mathematics, a quaternion algebra over a field F is a central simple algebra A over F that has dimension 4 over F. Every quaternion algebra becomes a matrix algebra by extending scalars (equivalently, tensoring with a field extension), i.e. for a suitable field extension K of F,  is isomorphic to the 2 × 2 matrix algebra over K.

The notion of a quaternion algebra can be seen as a generalization of Hamilton's quaternions to an arbitrary base field. The Hamilton quaternions are a quaternion algebra (in the above sense) over , and indeed the only one over  apart from the 2 × 2 real matrix algebra, up to isomorphism. When , then the biquaternions form the quaternion algebra over F.
PS-ON Signal
PS-ON Signal is a pin on a 20-pin or 24-pin ATX-specified power connector used to turn a personal computer power supply unit on/off. The PS_ON pin is normally pulled high in an open-circuit, but will turn on the power supply when it is pulled low, by shorting it to the GND (COM) terminal. Conversely the power supply is turned off when the PS-ON is in open-circuit.

The PS_ON pin can be jumpered to manually turn a PSU on.

Jumper (computing)
In electronics and particularly computing, a jumper is a short length of conductor used to close, open or bypass part of an electronic circuit. They are typically used to set up or configure printed circuit boards, such as the motherboards of computers. The process of setting a jumper is often called strapping.

A strapping option is a hardware configuration setting usually sensed only during power-up or bootstrapping of a device (or even a single chip).
Simon Bailey (archivist)
Simon Bailey was the Keeper of the Archives at the University of Oxford in England until March 2020.

Bailey received his degree from the University of Warwick. He was the first full-time Keeper of the Archives, having previously worked as the university's Archivist when David Vaisey (Bodley's Librarian) was the part-time Keeper.

Simon Bailey became the 21st Keeper of the Archives, following a decision by Oxford University to combine the Keeper and Archivist posts in 2000. The archives became part of the Bodleian Library, the main Oxford University library, in August 2010.

Bailey is a Fellow of Linacre College, Oxford.
Bailey's father was the actor Robin Bailey.

Linacre College, Oxford
Linacre College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. The college was founded in 1962 and is named after Thomas Linacre (1460–1524), founder of the Royal College of Physicians as well as a distinguished renaissance humanist. The college is located on St Cross Road at its junction with South Parks Road, bordering University Parks to the north and the University Science Area to the west. Its members comprise approximately 50 fellows and 550 postgraduate students.

Linacre is a diverse college in terms of both the international composition of its members (the majority of whom are from outside the UK and have come from over 133 countries), as well as the disciplines studied. Linacre was the first graduate college in the UK for both sexes and all subjects. Unlike most colleges, students and fellows share the same common room and there is no high table.
AS-44
The AS-44 (Avtomat Sudayeva, Russian: Автома́т Суда́ева, АС-44) is a series of prototype Soviet assault rifles designed and developed by Alexey Sudayev in 1944–1945, they were produced in limited numbers and tested in 1944–1945, but its development ended in 1946 due to the death of its designer.

PPS submachine gun
The PPS-43 (Russian: ППС – "Пистолет-пулемёт Судаева" or "Pistolet-pulemyot Sudayeva", in English: "Sudayev's submachine-gun") is a family of Soviet submachine guns chambered in 7.62×25mm Tokarev, developed by Alexei Sudayev as a low-cost personal defense weapon for reconnaissance units, vehicle crews and support service personnel.

The PPS and its variants were used extensively by the Red Army during World War II and were later adopted by the armed forces of several countries of the former Warsaw Pact as well as its many African and Asian allies.
Mambau (state constituency)
Mambau is a state constituency in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1986 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly
The Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Sembilan) is the state legislature of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan. It consists of 36 members who represent single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are usually conducted simultaneously with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies (except Sarawak). It is unicameral.

The Assembly convenes at the Wisma Negeri in the state capital, Seremban.
History of the Jews in the Arabian Peninsula
Jews in the Arabian Peninsula dates back to Classical and Biblical times. The Arabian Peninsula is defined as including the present-day countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (a federation of seven Sheikhdoms: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain) and Yemen politically and parts of Iraq and Jordan geographically.

Jewish communities have lived mainly in present-day Iraq and Yemen, but most have migrated to Israel and Palestine as a result of the Arab–Israeli conflict. Currently, some Jewish communities develop in Arabia as a result of expanding business and commerce as well as increased tolerance to Jews, such as in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates.

Operation Magic Carpet (Yemen)
Operation Magic Carpet is the widely known nickname for Operation On Wings of Eagles (Hebrew: כנפי נשרים Kanfe Nesharim), which was conducted by Israel between June 1949 and September 1950 to take in approximately 49,000 Yemenite Jews as part of the Jewish exodus from the Muslim world. With support from the United Kingdom and the United States, the majority of Jews in Yemen—as well as 500 Jews in Djibouti and Eritrea and some 2,000 Jews in Saudi Arabia—were brought to Israel. British and American transport planes made some 380 flights from Aden Colony to facilitate the airlift.
Bere Mill Meadows
Bere Mill Meadows is a 10.3-hectare (25-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Whitchurch in Hampshire.

These damp meadows in the flood plain of the River Test have a network of ditches with plants such as floating sweet-grass and lesser water-parsnip. The meadows have a rich variety of wet grassland herbs, including bogbean, ragged-robin,  water avens, marsh valerian and southern marsh orchid.

Glyceria fluitans
Glyceria fluitans  (syns Festuca fluitans, Poa fluitans, Panicularia fluitans), known as  floating sweet-grass and water mannagrass, is a species of perennial grass in the genus Glyceria native to Europe, the Mediterranean region and Western Asia and occurring in wet areas such as ditches, riverbanks and ponds.

It has a creeping rootstock, a thick stem which rises to one metre.  The leaves are long, narrow and pale green, rough on both sides, often folded at the keel which lies on the surface of the water.

The species epithet fluitans is Latin for "floating".
Peace River (1905 ship)
The Peace River was a sternwheel steamship that provided transportation on the river of the same name.  She was 110 feet (34 m) long, and could carry 80 tons of cargo and 25 passengers.
The Peace River had navigational difficulties.  The Vermilion Chutes was the first impassable barrier, and the Peace River operated on the 500 miles (800 km) between Fort Vermilion and Fort St John.

She was launched in 1905, and she usually managed three round trips per year.

Vermilion Falls
Vermilion Falls (French: chutes Vermilion; Cree: nepegabeketik, lit. 'where the water falls') is a waterfall on the Peace River in Alberta, Canada. It is the second largest waterfall in Canada by average flow rate after the Niagara Falls, and the largest entirely within the country. It is also the 6th widest waterfall in the world. The falls prevent the continuous navigation of the Peace River between its confluence with the Athabasca River and Hudson's Hope.
Herbert W. Harmon
Herbert William Harmon (December 15, 1871 – September 22, 1956) was an American physicist, radio pioneer, and college football coach. Harmon was a physics professor at Grove City College in Grove City, Pennsylvania. He also served three stints as the head football coach at Grove City, from 1906 to 1907, 1909 to 1913, and in 1915.

Harmon graduated from Hobart College, in Geneva, New York, in 1893 and Cornell University in 1895. At Cornell, he played on the varsity baseball team in 1894 and 1895. Harmon coached at St. John's Military Academy (now known as St. John's Northwestern Military Academy) in Delafield, Wisconsin before going to Southwestern Normal School (now known as Pennsylvania Western University, California), located in California, Pennsylvania, in 1898. He coached at California for eight years.

Harmon built the first functioning radio transmitter in Western Pennsylvania, on the Grove City College campus, in 1913. He died on September 22, 1956, in Grove City.

PennWest California
Pennsylvania Western University – California (abbreviated as PennWest California) is a campus of Pennsylvania Western University in California, Pennsylvania, United States. The campus had an enrollment of 2,717 as of fall 2024.

Founded in 1852 and merged into Pennsylvania Western University in 2021, the university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The school was California University of Pennsylvania from 1983 to 2022, before the merger.
Chelsea Walls
Chelsea Walls is a 2001 American drama film directed by Ethan Hawke in his directorial debut and written by Nicole Burdette, based on her 1990 play of the same name. It stars Kris Kristofferson, Uma Thurman, Robert Sean Leonard, Tuesday Weld in her final film, Kevin Corrigan, Bianca Hunter, Vincent D'Onofrio, Natasha Richardson and Rosario Dawson. The story takes place in the historic Chelsea Hotel in Manhattan.

Cheslea Walls premiered at the 2001 Woodstock Film Festival, and was released in theaters in the United States on April 19, 2002, by Lions Gate Films.

Vincent D'Onofrio
Vincent Philip D'Onofrio (/dəˈnɒfrioʊ/; born June 30, 1959) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is known for his supporting and leading roles in both film and television. He has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award.

His roles include Private Leonard "Gomer Pyle" Lawrence in Full Metal Jacket (1987), Robert E. Howard in The Whole Wide World (1996), Edgar the Bug in Men in Black (1997) and Men in Black: The Series (1997–2001), Carl Stargher in The Cell (2000), New York City Police Detective Robert Goren in Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2001–11), and Victor "Vic" Hoskins in Jurassic World (2015). Since 2015, he has portrayed Wilson Fisk / Kingpin in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Christoph Kohl
Christoph Kohl (born 11 January 1900 in Frankfurt) was a German chemist and industrial leader. He was chairman of the board of directors and CEO of the chemical and pharmaceutical company Cassella from 1964, chairman of its supervisory board and chairman of the supervisory board of Riedel-de Haën.

After obtaining a doctoral degree in chemistry at the Goethe University Frankfurt and briefly working at the firm Kalle & Co. in Biebrich, he was employed at Cassella on 1 July 1922. As its long-time production manager he had a central role in rebuilding the company during the early Cold War. In 1952 he became a member of the board of directors. He succeeded Werner Zerweck as chairman of the board of directors (CEO) in 1964. He later also became chairman of the supervisory board of Riedel-de Haën and chairman of the supervisory board of Cassella.

He was a co-inventor of several patents.

Biebrich (Wiesbaden)
Biebrich (German pronunciation: [ˈbiːbʁɪç]) is a borough of the city of Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany. With over 38,000 inhabitants, it is the most-populated of Wiesbaden's boroughs. It is located south of the city center on the Rhine River, opposite the Mainz borough of Mombach. Biebrich was an independent city until it was incorporated into Wiesbaden in 1926.
Leafs Nation Network
Leafs Nation Network (formerly Leafs TV) was a Canadian English language Category B regional specialty channel owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. Leafs Nation Network broadcasts programming related to the Toronto Maple Leafs National Hockey League club and its American Hockey League affiliate, the Toronto Marlies.

Leafs Nation Network was only available within the Maple Leafs' "home market" of Ontario, excluding the Ottawa Valley (which is in the home market of the Ottawa Senators).

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Letty M. Wickliffe
Letty M. Wickliffe (January 25, 1902 – April 2, 2001) was an American educator. She directed special education and gifted education services for black students in Indianapolis, Indiana from the 1930s until the mid-1960s. In retirement, she was a community activist in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Gifted education
Gifted education (also known as gifted and talented education (GATE), talented and gifted programs (TAG), or G&T education) is a type of education used for children who have been identified as gifted or talented.

The main approaches to gifted education are enrichment and acceleration. An enrichment program teaches additional, deeper material, but keeps the student progressing through the curriculum at the same rate as their peers. For example, after gifted students have completed the standard curriculum, an enrichment program might provide them with additional information about a subject. An acceleration program advances the student through the standard curriculum faster than normal. This is normally done by having the students skip one to two grades.

Being gifted and talented usually means being able to score in the top percentile on IQ exams. The percentage of students selected varies, generally with 10% or fewer being selected for gifted education programs.
Stroukoff YC-134
The Stroukoff YC-134, designed in 1956, was based heavily on the Fairchild C-123 Provider, itself designed by Michael Stroukoff. The United States military contracted with Stroukoff Aircraft Corporation to develop an improved version of the aircraft, combining features that the company had developed for the YC-123D and YC-123E.

Propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, an aircraft propeller, also called an airscrew, converts rotary motion from an engine or other power source into a swirling slipstream which pushes the propeller forwards or backwards. It comprises a rotating power-driven hub, to which are attached several radial airfoil-section blades such that the whole assembly rotates about a longitudinal axis. The blade pitch may be fixed, manually variable to a few set positions, or of the automatically variable "constant-speed" type.

The propeller attaches to the power source's driveshaft either directly or through reduction gearing. Propellers can be made from wood, metal or composite materials.

Propellers are only useful at subsonic airspeeds generally below about 480 mph (770 km/h), although a speed of Mach 1.01 in a dive was achieved, with a propeller efficiency of 78%, by the McDonnell XF-88B experimental propeller-equipped aircraft.