hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccination in Africa
COVID-19 vaccination programs are ongoing in the majority countries and territories in Africa, with 51 of 54 African countries having launched vaccination programs by July 2021. As of October 2023, 51.8% of the continent's population is fully vaccinated with over 1084.5 million doses administered.

MTN Group
MTN Group Limited (formerly M-Cell) is a South African multinational corporation and mobile telecommunications provider. Its head office is in Johannesburg. MTN is among the largest mobile network operators in the world, and the largest in Africa.

In October 2025 MTN announced it had surpassed 300 million customers, the first African-headquartered telco to reach that milestone, making it the sixth-largest in the world by subscriber count. It has a footprint in sixteen countries in Africa and the Middle East.
Listiernan
Listiernan (Irish derived place name, Lios Tighearnán meaning 'The Fort of Tighearnán mac Maenuigh', after whom the McKiernan Clan is named and who lived in the fort, c. 1080-1120.) is a townland in the civil parish of Kildallan, barony of Tullyhunco, County Cavan, Ireland.

County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.
Proper generalized decomposition
The proper generalized decomposition (PGD) is an iterative numerical method for solving boundary value problems (BVPs), that is, partial differential equations constrained by a set of boundary conditions, such as the Poisson's equation or the Laplace's equation.

The PGD algorithm computes an approximation of the solution of the BVP by successive enrichment. This means that, in each iteration, a new component (or mode) is computed and added to the approximation. In principle, the more modes obtained, the closer the approximation is to its theoretical solution. Unlike POD principal components, PGD modes are not necessarily orthogonal to each other.

By selecting only the most relevant PGD modes, a reduced order model of the solution is obtained. Because of this, PGD is considered a dimensionality reduction algorithm.

Poisson's equation
Poisson's equation is an elliptic partial differential equation of broad utility in theoretical physics. For example, the solution to Poisson's equation is the potential field caused by a given electric charge or mass density distribution; with the potential field known, one can then calculate the corresponding electrostatic or gravitational (force) field. It is a generalization of Laplace's equation, which is also frequently seen in physics.  The equation is named after French mathematician and physicist Siméon Denis Poisson who published it in 1823.
1996 LPGA Tour
The 1996 LPGA Tour was the 47th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 11 to November 24. The season consisted of 34 official money events. Laura Davies, Dottie Pepper and Karrie Webb won the most tournaments, four each. Webb led the money list with earnings of $1,002,000, the first player to win over $1 million in a season.

The season saw the first winner's share over $200,000, at the U.S. Women's Open. There were four first-time winners in 1996: Mayumi Hirase, Emilee Klein, Caroline Pierce, and Joan Pitcock.

The tournament results and award winners are listed below.

Caroline Pierce
Caroline Pierce McMillan (born 2 August 1963) is an English professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour after she won the Qualifying School in 1988. She has played under both her maiden name, Caroline Pierce, and her married name, Caroline McMillan.

Pierce won once on the LPGA Tour in 1996.
Tom Fuller
Tom Fuller was an American rock musician from Chicago, based there, and influenced by Paul McCartney, Bon Jovi, and Bruce Springsteen. His first album Chasing an Illusion, was released in 2005. Abstract Man was released in 2009, and the track "Only in America" was in the top 10 on the US FMQB Radio Chart AC Format (sharing the honor with Coldplay, Kid Rock, and Maroon 5). The third album Ask, and the first single from the album, "Lovers", was released in the UK on September 5, 2011.  A second single from the album, "Ask" was released in November 2011. He collaborated with Grammy Award-winning producer Rick Chudacoff on four albums, with Ask featuring Brian Ray and Abe Laboriel Jr of McCartney's band.

Brian Ray
Brian Thomas Ray is an American musician best known as a guitarist, bassist and backing vocalist with Paul McCartney's touring band since 2002, and formerly as a musical director and guitarist for Etta James. Ray has performed with numerous other artists and leads his own band, The Bayonets.
Eliteweb
Elite Answers Inc., formerly named landofweebs, is a Toronto-based company that provides corporations and organisations with email marketing, web site development, search engine optimization and corporate social networking tools. Elite Answers began operations with the launch of the Eliteweb.cc search engine on October 11, 2005; the search engine was later renamed EliteAnswers.com. In 2006, the company expanded its offerings to include Elite Email, an e-mail marketing program for small businesses, and other Net-based services.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
Depictions of Kiddush levana
Kiddush levana is a Jewish ritual and prayer service, generally observed on the first or second Saturday night of each Hebrew month. Artists have depicted Kiddush levana for centuries, in paintings, woodcuts, engravings, and manuscript illuminations. Some depictions of moon divination on Hoshana Rabbah have been misattributed to Kiddush levana by reference works.

Tadeusz Popiel
Tadeusz Popiel (1863 – 22 February 1913) was a Polish painter, known for his religious and historical scenes; especially his work on several famous panoramas. His brother was the sculptor Antoni Popiel.
Adoptive cell transfer
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is the transfer of cells into a patient. The cells may have originated from the patient or from another individual. The cells are most commonly derived from the immune system with the goal of improving immune functionality and characteristics. In autologous cancer immunotherapy, T cells are extracted from the patient, genetically modified and cultured in vitro and returned to the same patient. Comparatively, allogeneic therapies involve cells isolated and expanded from a donor separate from the patient receiving the cells.

Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system. It regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 is part of the body's natural response to microbial infection, and in discriminating between foreign ("non-self") and "self". IL-2 mediates its effects by binding to IL-2 receptors, which are expressed by lymphocytes. The major sources of IL-2 are activated CD4+ T cells and activated CD8+ T cells. Put shortly, the function of IL-2 is to stimulate the growth of helper, cytotoxic and regulatory T cells.
Luis Alberto Ammann
Luis Alberto Ammann (17 November 1942 – 6 November 2020) was an Argentine politician of the Humanist Party as well as journalist, schoolteacher and writer.

Amman was born in Villa Dolores, Córdoba Province. He ran for President of Argentina during the 2007 Argentine general election, obtaining 0.41% of the votes.

Amman obtained a degree in linguistics from the National University of Córdoba and a degree in philology from the University of La Laguna in Tenerife, Spain. As journalist, he was an editor of La Voz del Interior before entering politics. He founded the Humanist Party in 1984 and later affiliated, in 1987, with the Communist Party and the Green party.

He was candidate for president in 1989 Argentine general election, obtaining 0.26% of votes for the Green Humanist Party and later affiliated with Fernando "Pino" Solanas.

He died from heart failure as a complication of COVID-19 in Buenos Aires on 6 November 2020, at the age of 77, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina.

Green party
A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as environmentalism and social justice.

Green party platforms typically embrace social democratic economic policies and form coalitions with other left-wing parties.

Green parties exist in nearly 90 countries around the world, many of which are members of Global Greens.
2014 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos
The 2014 Campeonato Internacional de Tenis de Santos was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santos, Brazil between 21 and 27 April 2014.

Máximo González
Máximo González Mereira (Latin American Spanish: [ˈmaɣsimo ɣonˈsales meˈɾejɾa]; born July 20, 1983) is an Argentine professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is World No. 58, achieved in July 2009 and his career-high doubles ranking is World No. 10 achieved on 11 September 2023.
NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (New England version)
The New England version of the NWA Brass Knuckles Championship was a secondary championship that was used and defended in the National Wrestling Alliance affiliated NWA New England promotion. Created in 2000, the title was used in specialty matches in which the combatants would wear brass knuckles. The championship was regularly used and defended within the promotion before being abandoned in late 2004. Throughout the history of the NWA, a number of NWA affiliated promotions used their own territorial brass knuckles championship, with the ones used in Fritz Von Erich's World Class Championship Wrestling based in Dallas, Texas and Eddie Graham's Championship Wrestling from Florida being two of the most prominent.

Professional wrestling championship
In professional wrestling, a championship or title is a recognition promoted by professional wrestling organizations. Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches, in which competitors are involved in predetermined rivalries; these narratives create feuds between the various competitors, which usually cast them as either faces (heroes), heels (villains), or more rarely tweeners (morally ambiguous). The bookers in a company, who decide the winners and where the storyline goes, will place the title on the most accomplished performer or the one they believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership.
Hanna Wagenius
Hanna Birgitta Kristina Wagenius (born 2 November 1988) is a Swedish blogger and politician. From 5 June 2011 to 26 June 2015 she was chairperson of the Centre Party Youth. She studied law at Uppsala University.

Wagenius was born at Flon in Härjedalen, Sweden.

Centre Party Youth
The Centre Party Youth (Swedish: Centerpartiets ungdomsförbund [ˈsɛ̂nːtɛrpaˌʈiːɛts ˈɵ̂ŋdʊmsfœrˌbɵnd] ⓘ; CUF) is the youth organization of the Centre Party in Sweden and is a liberal, green and market liberal organization.

CUF was founded 1919, under the name Swedish Rural Youth League (Svenska Landsbygdens Ungdomsförbund). In 1962 the name was changed to Youth League of the Centre (Centerns Ungdomsförbund) and then in 2004 to its current name.
Ramnes Church
Ramnes Church (Norwegian: Ramnes kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Tønsberg Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located in the village of Ramnes. It is the church for the Ramnes parish which is part of the Tønsberg domprosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg. The white, stone church was built in a long church design around the year 1150, using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 234 people.

Diocese of Tunsberg
Tunsberg is a diocese of the Church of Norway. It includes all of the parishes located within the counties of Vestfold and Buskerud, with the cathedral located in the city of Tønsberg. The Diocese of Tunsberg consists of the cathedral deanery and eight rural deaneries.
Norman Cross, Cambridgeshire
Norman Cross is a hamlet in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies south of Peterborough, between the villages of Folksworth, Stilton and Yaxley, and at the junction of the A1 and A15 roads. Traditionally in the county of Huntingdonshire, Norman Cross gave its name to one of the hundreds of Huntingdonshire and, from 1894 to 1974, to Norman Cross Rural District. The hamlet is situated partly in the civil parish of Folksworth and Washingley, west of the A1, and partly in Yaxley parish, to the east.

Norman Cross was  the site of one of the earliest purpose-built prisoner-of-war camps, Norman Cross Prison, and a memorial to the prisoners who died there was erected in 1914 and relocated in 2005. It takes the form of a bronze imperial eagle on a column and is grade II listed.

Folksworth
Folksworth is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Folksworth and Washingley, in Cambridgeshire, England. Folksworth lies approximately 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Peterborough, just off the A1(M). Folksworth is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 120.
Berlyn
Berlyn can refer to:

Ivan Berlyn (1867-1934), British stage and film actor

Michael Berlyn (b. 1949), American video game designer and writer

Nigel Berlyn (1934–2022), Australian naval officer

Berlyn (Ukraine), a village in Ukraine

a character of the wrestler Alex Wright

Michael Berlyn
Michael Berlyn (1949 – March 2023) was an American video game designer and writer. He was best known as an implementer at Infocom, part of the text adventure game design team. He is also known as the designer behind Bubsy in Claws Encounters of the Furred Kind (1993) and Bubsy 3D (1996).
Norma Cove
Norma Cove (62°11′23″S 58°54′47″W﻿ / ﻿62.18983°S 58.91306°W﻿ / -62.18983; -58.91306) is a cove between Suffield Point and Jasper Point, Maxwell Bay, King George Island. The feature was named "Bukhta Norma" or "Norma Inlet" by L.S. Govorukha and I.M. Simonov, 1973, following Soviet Antarctic Expedition surveys from the nearby Bellingshausen Station.

Cove
A cove is a small bay or coastal inlet. They usually have narrow, restricted entrances, are often circular or oval, and are often situated within a larger bay. Small, narrow, sheltered bays, inlets, tidal creeks, or recesses in a coast are often considered coves.

Colloquially, the term can be used to describe a sheltered bay. Geomorphology describes coves as precipitously walled and rounded cirque-like openings like a valley extending into or down a mountainside, or in a hollow or nook of a cliff or steep mountainside. A cove can also refer to a corner, nook, or cranny, either in a river, road, or wall, especially where the wall meets the floor.
2008 Yamaguchi gubernatorial election
The 2008 Yamaguchi gubernatorial election was held on 3 August 2008 to elect the next governor of Yamaguchi (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken), a prefecture of Japan in the Chūgoku region of the main island of Honshu.

Chūgoku region
The Chūgoku region (Japanese: 中国地方, Hepburn: Chūgoku-chihō; [tɕɯꜜː.ɡo.kɯ, -ŋo.kɯ, tɕɯː.ɡo.kɯ̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː, -ŋo.kɯ̥-]), also known as the San'in-San'yō (山陰山陽地方, San'in-San'yō-chihō) region, is the westernmost region of Honshū, the largest island of Japan. It consists of the prefectures of Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimane, Tottori and Yamaguchi. As of the 2020 census, it has a population of 7,328,339.
Tønnesen Glacier
Tønnesen Glacier (72°4′S 3°28′E﻿ / ﻿72.067°S 3.467°E﻿ / -72.067; 3.467) is a broad glacier flowing north between Risemedet Mountain and Festninga Mountain, separating the Gjelsvik Mountains and the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named for J. Tønnesen, a meteorologist with the expedition.

Gjelsvik Mountains
The Gjelsvik Mountains are a group of mountains about 25 nautical miles (50 km) long, between the Sverdrup Mountains and the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 2,705 metres (8,875 ft), the massive Risemedet Mountain forms the highest point in these mountains, also marking their eastern end.
Mohammed Khamis Khalaf
Mohammed Khamis Khalaf (born 23 February 1969) is a Paralympic powerlifter from United Arab Emirates. He represented his country at the Summer Paralympics in 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2021. In total, he won three medals: two gold medals and one silver medal. He is also the first Paralympic competitor to win a gold medal for the country at the Summer Paralympics.

In 2004, he won the gold medal in the men's 82.5 kg event and in 2008 he won the silver medal in the men's 90 kg event. He failed to win a medal at the men's 90 kg event in 2012. He once again won a medal in 2016: the gold medal in the men's 88 kg event.

In 2019, he competed at the World Para Powerlifting Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan without winning a medal.

In 2021, he competed in the men's 88 kg event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan where he left the stage without a successful lift due to a shoulder injury.

Powerlifting at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's 90 kg
The men's 90 kg powerlifting event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was contested on 15 September at the Beihang University Gymnasium in Beijing, China. This event was the third-heaviest of the men's powerlifting weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 90 kilograms (198.4 lb) of body mass.

As with all Paralympic powerlifting events, lifters competed in the bench press. Each athlete was allowed three attempts to bench press as much weight as possible. Athletes attempting to break a record were allowed a fourth attempt. For the attempt to be valid, the competitor must have lowered the weighted bar to his chest, held it motionless for a moment, then pressed the bar upwards until his arms were fully extended. If the competitor failed to meet these requirements or any other rule infraction was committed, the attempt was declared invalid by a team of three referees and the result struck from the record.
Barcelona Metro line 3
Line 3, coloured green and often simply referred to as Línia verda ("Green line"), is a metro line in Barcelona operated by TMB, and therefore part of the fare-integrated ATM transport network of the urban region. This V-shaped line is the result of the junction of two related lines: the original L3 and L3B, in 1982. The central section of L3 has the city's oldest metro stations, built in the mid-1920s, with additions almost every decade since then. All of L3 stations are underground.

Its current termini are Zona Universitària, which serves the University of Barcelona campus located on the western end of Avinguda Diagonal in Les Corts district, and Trinitat Nova in Nou Barris. There are plans for it to be extended from Trinitat Nova to Trinitat Vella, providing a connection with Line 1, and also from Zona Universitària to nearby suburbs in the Baix Llobregat area.

Nou Barris
Nou Barris (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈnɔw ˈβaris], lit. "nine neighbourhoods") is one of the ten districts into which Barcelona has been officially divided since 1984. The name refers to the original nine neighbourhoods it was composed of, even though nowadays it is made up of thirteen. It covers an area of 8.04 km2.

It is located in the northern part of the city adjacent to two other districts of Barcelona: Sant Andreu and Horta-Guinardó and grew up extensively out of small urbanised areas near the former municipalities of Sant Joan d'Horta and Sant Andreu de Palomar (now neighbourhoods of Barcelona) in the 20th century, especially from the 1950s on. The district council is located in a former mental institution, the Institut Mental de la Santa Creu.
Bobby Cheng
Bobby Cheng (born 20 March 1997) is a New Zealand-Australian chess grandmaster. Cheng was world champion in the under 12 category in 2009, the only Australian in history to win a world over-the-board title. Cheng won Australian Open championship in 2013 and Australian chess Championship in 2016. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2019.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Winston Mafi
Winston Churchill Mafi (born 21 March 1980 in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga) is a Tongan rugby union footballer who usually plays an outside centre. He currently plays for the Rugby Club I Cavalieri Prato club in the Italian Top12. He is the older brother of Alfred Mafi.

In 2000 and 2001 he played for Penrith, before taking two years off to work as a missionary in Victoria. After playing for Sydney University, he was recruited for the Waratahs for their 2004 tour of Argentina. Following the tour he signed a two-year contract. In May 2006 he injured his knee while playing for Eastwood in the Shute Shield final and was sidelined. He was released from the team in 2007.

In June 2010 he extended his contract with Cavalieri.

Shute Shield
The Shute Shield, currently known as the Charter Hall Shute Shield, is a semi-professional rugby union competition in the Australian city of Sydney. It is the premier club competition in the state of New South Wales. Established in 1874, the competition has been known as the Shute Shield since 1923. The naming was after a trophy Sydney University had made in honour of Robert Elliot Shute, a World War I veteran and Sydney University player who died after being tackled during a match in 1922. The trophy was donated to the New South Wales Rugby Football Union (NSWRFU).
Rasmus Gaudin
Rasmus Gaudin (born 19 August 1995) is a Danish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Vanløse IF. In September 2018, he made his debut for the Denmark national team, as the regular squad withdrew following a players' union dispute.

Vanløse IF
Vanløse IF is a Danish professional football club based in the Vanløse area of Copenhagen, that competes in the Denmark Series. The club has a rich history with former players like Preben Elkjær and Michael Laudrup and have won the Danish Cup in 1974. It currently has about 1000 members.