hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nöker (military)
A nöker was a member of a group of military comrades in medieval Mongolian and Turkic armies. The word nöker means "comrade" in the Mongol language.

The nökers were characterized by long-term subordination and loyalty to a single leader. In turn, the leader was responsible for maintaining the wealth of the nökers. The historian Halil İnalcık sees the nöker relationship as comparable to the commendatio or homage of the medieval armies in Europe.

Middle Mongol
Middle Mongol or Middle Mongolian was a Mongolic koiné language spoken in the Mongol Empire. Originating from Genghis Khan's home region of Northeastern Mongolia, it diversified into several Mongolic languages after the collapse of the empire. In comparison to Modern Mongolian, it is known to have had no long vowels, different vowel harmony and verbal systems and a slightly different case system.
67th Avenue station
The 67th Avenue station is a local station on the IND Queens Boulevard Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 67th Avenue and Queens Boulevard on the border of Forest Hills and Rego Park in Queens, it is served by the M train on weekdays, the R train at all times except nights, and the E and F trains during late nights.

Turnstile
A turnstile (also called a gateline, baffle gate, automated gate, turn gate in some regions) is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. A turnstile can be configured to enforce one-way human traffic. In addition, a turnstile can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, ticket, transit pass, security credential, or other method of payment or verification.  Modern turnstiles can incorporate biometrics, including retina scanning, fingerprints, and other individual human characteristics which can be scanned.

A turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a faregate or ticket barrier when used for this purpose), for example to access public transport, a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.
Lost (2023 film)
Lost is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language thriller film directed by Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury and produced by Zee Studios along with Namah Pictures. The film stars Yami Gautam, Pankaj Kapur, Rahul Khanna, Neil Bhoopalam, Pia Bajpiee. The film had its world premiere at the Chicago South Asian Film Festival on 22 September 2022. It had its Asian premiere at the 53rd International Film Festival of India, Goa. The film was released on 16 February 2023, on ZEE5.

"Lost" received a standing ovation at the Chicago South Asian Film Festival, where it premiered. Subsequently, it was selected as the closing film of Atlanta Indian Film Festival.

At the 2023 Filmfare OTT Awards, Lost received 4 nominations – Best Web Original Film, Best Director in a Web Original Film (Roy Chowdhury), Best Actress in a Web Original Film (Gautam) and Best Supporting Actor in a Web Original Film (Kapur).

Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury
Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury is an Indian film director. He is the director and producer of multiple Bengali and Hindi films. He directed the highly successful Hindi movie Pink which received accolades from film critics and movie lovers alike.
Shooting at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Shooting at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City comprised seven events. A second shotgun event, Skeet, was introduced. They were held between 18 and 23 October 1968. For the first time, women competed alongside men.

ISSF Olympic skeet
Olympic skeet is a variant of skeet shooting, and the specific variant used in the Olympic Games. The discipline is sanctioned by the International Shooting Sport Federation. Two throwing machines at different heights launch a series of 25 targets in a specific order, some as singles and some as doubles, with the shooter having a fixed position between them. Both men's and women's competitions consist of five such series. The top six competitors shoot an additional series as a final round, on targets filled with special powder to show hits more clearly to the audience. The competitors use shotguns of 12 bore or smaller. All actions are allowed, including double barrel breech loaders, semi-automatic or others, but not pump action guns.
Kwatta
Kwatta is a resort in Suriname, located in the Wanica District. Its population at the 2012 census was 14,151.

Kwatta is named after a former cocoa plantation located here. It used to be an agriculture area, but due to its close proximity of Paramaribo, it is becoming suburban. In the 1838, the Kwattaweg was built connecting Kwatta with Paramaribo.

In the early 21st century, building projects have started in Mattonshoop en Sophia's Lust. The Kwattaweg is the main road in the resort and part of the East-West Link. Kwatta is home to the Gummels Heliport.

Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small (6–12 m (20–39 ft) tall) evergreen tree in the Malvaceae family. Its seeds—cocoa beans—are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate.  Although the tree is native to the tropics of the Americas, the largest producer of cocoa beans in 2022 was Ivory Coast.
Torus-based cryptography
Torus-based cryptography involves using algebraic tori to construct a group for use in ciphers based on the discrete logarithm problem. This idea was first introduced by Alice Silverberg and Karl Rubin in 2003 in the form of a public key algorithm by the name of CEILIDH. It improves on conventional cryptosystems by representing some elements of large finite fields compactly and therefore transmitting fewer bits.

CEILIDH
CEILIDH is a public key cryptosystem based on the discrete logarithm problem in algebraic torus. This idea was first introduced by Alice Silverberg and Karl Rubin in 2003; Silverberg named CEILIDH after her cat. The main advantage of the system is the reduced size of the keys for the same security over basic schemes.
Asparagus litoralis
Asparagus litoralis, common name coastal asparagus,  is an evergreen perennial plant species belonging to the genus Asparagus in the monocot family Asparagaceae, according to some sources, including the Black Sea Red Data Book. Other sources do not recognize this species, placing the four synonyms recognized by the Black Sea Red Data Book into two different species:

Asparagus ferganensis Vved, synonym Asparagus monoclados Vved.

Asparagus neglectus Kar et Kir, synonym Asparagus misczenkoi Iljin

Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (/əsˌpærəˈɡeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.  This family includes both common garden plants as well as common houseplants.  The garden plants include asparagus, yucca, bluebell, lily of the valley, and hosta, and the houseplants include snake plant, corn cane, spider plant, and plumosus fern.

The Asparagaceae is a morphologically heterogenous family with the included species varying widely in their appearance and growth form. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with genera and species contained in the family native to all continents except Antarctica.
Sa'd II
Sa'd II was the Salghurid atabeg (ruler) of Fars briefly in 1260. While he was returning from an attendance with the Ilkhanate, his father Abu Bakr ibn Sa'd (r. 1226–1260) died. Sa'd II thus succeeded him, but died en route at Tafresh due to illness. He was succeeded by his young son Muhammad I ibn Sa'd.

Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk. It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armeno-Georgian family of Mkhargrdzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as princes of Samtskhe.
HD 137010 b
HD 137010 b is an exoplanet candidate detected by the Kepler's K2 mission of NASA. Orbiting the K-type dwarf star HD 137010 in the constellation of Libra, it is located approximately 146 light-years from the Solar System. The candidate was identified from a single 10-hour transit event observed during K2 Campaign 15 in 2017, suggesting an orbital period of about 355 days, nearly identical to that of Earth. With a radius of 1.06 times that of Earth, it is classified as a potential Super-Earth or Earth analog, likely rocky in composition. Due to its host star's lower luminosity, HD 137010 b receives only about 29% of the incident flux that Earth does, placing it near the outer edge of the system's habitable zone with an estimated equilibrium temperature around −68°C (−90°F), potentially colder than Mars. Confirmation as a genuine exoplanet requires additional transits or alternative observations, which may be pursued with missions like TESS or CHEOPS.

Super-Earth
A super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17.1 times Earth's mass respectively. The term "super-Earth" refers only to the mass of the planet, and so does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability. The alternative term "gas dwarfs" may be more accurate for those at the higher end of the mass scale, although "mini-Neptunes" is a more common term.
Snagger (software)
Snagger is a bioinformatics software program for selecting tag SNPs using pairwise r2 linkage disequilibrium. It is implemented as extension to the popular software, Haploview, and is freely available under the MIT License. Snagger distinguishes itself from existing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selection algorithms, including Tagger, by providing user options that allow for:

Prioritization of tagSNPs based on certain characteristics, including platform-specific design scores, functionality (i.e. coding status), and chromosomal position

Efficient selection of SNPs across multiple populations

Selection of tagSNPs outside defined genomic regions to improve coverage and genotyping success

Picking of surrogate tagSNPs that serve as backups for tagSNPs whose failure would result in a significant loss of data

Haploview with Snagger has been developed and is maintained at the Genomics Center at the University of Southern California.

Tag SNP
A tag SNP is a representative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a region of the genome with high linkage disequilibrium that represents a group of SNPs called a haplotype. It is possible to identify genetic variation and association to phenotypes without genotyping every SNP in a chromosomal region. This reduces the expense and time of mapping genome areas associated with disease, since it eliminates the need to study every individual SNP. Tag SNPs are useful in whole-genome SNP association studies in which hundreds of thousands of SNPs across the entire genome are genotyped.
Peter Schubart von Ehrenberg
Peter Schubart von Ehrenberg (born 1668) was a painter and stage designer active in Vienna in the early eighteenth century, and the son of the perspective painter Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg. His known works are ephemeral decorations for courtly celebrations, such as the temporary triumphal arches celebrating the ages of kings and emperors from Charlemagne to  Charles VI of Austria (1701–2), and designs for engravings. In 1711 he designed a castrum doloris that was erected in St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna for the funeral of Emperor Joseph I.

St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
St. Stephen's Cathedral (German: Stephansdom [ˈʃ͡tɛfansˌdoːm]) is a Roman Catholic church in Vienna, Austria, and the mother church of the Archdiocese of Vienna. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, Josef Grünwidl.

The current Romanesque and Gothic form of the cathedral, seen today in the Stephansplatz, was largely initiated by Duke Rudolf IV (1339–1365) and stands on the ruins of two earlier churches, the first a parish church consecrated in 1147. The most important religious building in Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral has borne witness to many important events in Habsburg and Austrian history and has, with its multi-coloured tile roof, become one of the city's most recognizable symbols. It has 256 stairs from the top to the bottom
PuTTY
PuTTY (/ˈpʌti/) is a free and open-source terminal emulator, serial console and network file transfer application. It supports several network protocols, including SCP, SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw socket connection. It can also connect to a serial port. The name "PuTTY" has no official meaning.

PuTTY was originally written for Microsoft Windows, but it has been ported to various other operating systems. Official ports are available for some Unix-like platforms, with work-in-progress ports to Classic Mac OS and macOS, and unofficial ports have been contributed to platforms such as Symbian, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.

PuTTY was written and is maintained primarily by Simon Tatham, a British programmer.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Ruffell
Ruffell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Ruffell, English footballer

Charles Ruffell, British athlete

H. P. Ruffell Smith, British physicist

Jimmy Ruffell, English footballer

Ralph Ruffell, English footballer

Suzi Ruffell, British comedian, writer, and actress

H. P. Ruffell Smith
Group Captain Hugh Patrick Ruffell Smith, AFC & Two Bars (19 June 1911 – 4 August 1980) was a British physician, pilot, and Royal Air Force officer. He is best known for revolutionizing the study of human factors integration into aviation safety, particularly with his work in crew resource management, culminating in a landmark technical memorandum for NASA titled "A simulator study of the interaction of pilot workload with errors, vigilance, and decisions". His obituary in The Times stated: "few aircraft flying today do not carry some evidence of his research into instrument presentation or cockpit layout". He was awarded the Air Force Cross three times.
Utgard (software)
Utgard is a vendor-independent Java OPC client API that supports the OPC interface and can be used independently from other Eclipse SCADA projects. Utgard is used in Eclipse SCADA together with Atlantis to communicate with systems of other vendors over the OPC DA 2.0 interface. The project is open source, written in pure Java and is distributed under the LGPL. Utgard eliminates the need for additional DLLs/shared libraries or JNI libraries. Currently, an OPC server is required to communicate with Utgard.

Eclipse NeoSCADA
Eclipse NeoSCADA (formerly Eclipse SCADA) is an Eclipse Incubator project created in July 2013, that aims at providing a full state-of-the-art, open-source SCADA system that can be used out of the box or as a platform for creating a custom solution. Eclipse SCADA emerged from the openSCADA project, which now provides additional functionality on top of Eclipse SCADA.

The initial release (0.1.0) is based on the source code of openSCADA 1.2.0 and has been focusing on the relocation of the project to the Eclipse Foundation, like changing package names and namespaces.

The Eclipse NeoSCADA project is part of the Eclipse IoT Industry Working Group initiative.

As of August 28, 2014 Eclipse SCADA is filed under the Eclipse IoT top level project.
Southern African spiny mouse
The southern African spiny mouse (Acomys spinosissimus)  is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Its natural habitats are moist savanna and rocky areas.

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
WAC women's soccer tournament
The WAC women's soccer tournament, to be renamed the United Athletic Conference (UAC) tournament in 2026, is the conference championship tournament in women's soccer for the Western Athletic Conference. In July 2026, the WAC will rebrand as the UAC, taking the name of a pre-existing football alliance between the WAC and Atlantic Sun Conference.

The tournament has been held every year since 1995. It is a single-elimination tournament with seeding based on conference records. The tournament field has been six teams for the entirety of its history. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I women's soccer championship.

SMU is the most winning team of the competition, with six championships.

United Athletic Conference (football)
The United Athletic Conference (UAC), also known as The United, is an intercollegiate athletic conference formed in 2023 for the sport of football. It originated as an alliance of the existing football leagues of the Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) and Western Athletic Conference (WAC). Its members compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). The lineup for the 2025 season includes institutions in the states of Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Texas, and Utah.

On July 1, 2026, the UAC will cease to exist as a football-only conference, and the WAC will assume the UAC name as part of a strategic rebranding. The members of the football-only UAC will become the core membership of the all-sports UAC.
Música Ficta (Colombian ensemble)
Música Ficta is an early music ensemble founded in Bogotá, Colombia, in 1988. The ensemble is specialized in the performance of Latin-American and Spanish renaissance and baroque music. It has performed in Europe, the Americas, the Far and Middle East, and it has been reviewed, among others, by The Washington Post, Goldberg Magazine, Fanfare, AllMusic and Le Monde de la Musique.

The ensemble has recorded various unedited or scarcely known pieces from Latin-American musical archives, such as Bogotá, Mexico, Guatemala, Lima and Chiquitos (Bolivia). The group has also uncovered unedited pieces by 17th-century Spanish composers such as Sebastián Durón, Juan de Navas and José Marín.

Current members of the group are: Jairo Serrano (voice, percussion), Carlos Serrano (early woodwinds), Elisabeth Wright (harpsichord), Julián Navarro (baroque guitar), Regina Albanez (theorbo), Bárbara Cerón (baroque harp), Edwin García (theorbo), Andrés Silva (voice).

Fanfare (magazine)
Fanfare is an American bimonthly magazine devoted to reviewing recorded music in all playback formats. It mainly covers classical music, but since inception, has also featured a jazz column in every issue.
Birao
Birao is the capital of Vakaga, one of the 14 prefectures of the Central African Republic and was an administrative post in the colony of Ubangui-Shari. In March 2007, the town was almost completely burnt down in the fighting between rebels and government troops in the area.

Prefectures of the Central African Republic
Since 10 December 2020, the Central African Republic has been administratively divided into 20 prefectures (French: préfectures, Sango: kodoro kômanda-kôta), including the capital, Bangui.

Each prefecture is governed by a local assembly called General Council (Conseil Général), presided by a Prefect (Préfet). The prefectures are further subdivided into 84 sub-prefectures.

Prefectures are all named after major rivers passing through their areas:

Ubangi, Nana, Mambéré, Kadeï, Lobaye, M'Poko, Ombella, Sangha, Kémo, Ouaka, Kotto, and Mbomou all flow into the Congo River.

Pendé, Ouham, Gribingui, Bamingui, Bangoran, and Vakaga all flow into the Chari River, and then into Lake Chad.

(Basse ("Lower") means downstream, and Haut or Haute ("Upper") means upstream.)
Mike Brown (Negro leagues outfielder)
Mike Brown was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in the Negro leagues in the 1900s and 1910s.

Brown made his professional debut in 1905 with the Brooklyn Royal Giants, and went on to play for several teams, finishing his career in 1914 with the Lincoln Stars.

Brooklyn Royal Giants
The Brooklyn Royal Giants were a professional Negro league baseball team based in Brooklyn, New York.  Formed in 1905 by John Wilson Connor (1875–1926), owner of the Brooklyn Royal Cafe, the team initially played against white semi-pro teams. They were one of the prominent independent teams prior to World War I before organized league play began.
When a Witness Recants
When a Witness Recants is an American documentary film directed and produced by Dawn Porter. The film is scheduled to have its world premiere in the Premieres section of the 2026 Sundance Film Festival on January 27, 2026.

2026 Sundance Film Festival
The 2026 Sundance Film Festival took place in Park City and Salt Lake City, Utah from January 22 to February 1, 2026. Film premieres at the festival were held from January 22 to January 27, 2026. The first selection lineup was announced on December 10, 2025. The festival would be the last Sundance Film Festival held in Utah before the festival relocates to Boulder, Colorado in 2027. Several films notably received standing ovations during the festival, including Fing, Josephine, Wicker, The Invite, Levitating, and Union County.
Nuclear transfer
Nuclear transfer is a form of cloning.  The step involves removing the DNA from an oocyte (unfertilised egg), and injecting the nucleus which contains the DNA to be cloned. In rare instances, the newly constructed cell will divide normally, replicating the new DNA while remaining in a pluripotent state.  If the cloned cells are placed in the uterus of a female mammal, a cloned organism develops to term in rare instances. This is how Dolly the Sheep and many other species were cloned. Cows are commonly cloned to select those that have the best milk production. On 24 January 2018, two monkey clones were reported to have been created with the technique for the first time.

Despite this, the low efficiency of the technique has prompted some researchers, notably Ian Wilmut, creator of Dolly the cloned sheep, to abandon it.

Pipette
A pipette (sometimes spelled as pipet)  is a type of laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry and biology to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser. Pipettes come in several designs for various purposes with differing levels of accuracy and precision, from single piece glass pipettes to more complex adjustable or electronic pipettes. Many pipette types work by creating a partial vacuum above the liquid-holding chamber and selectively releasing this vacuum to draw up and dispense liquid. Measurement accuracy varies greatly depending on the instrument.