hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 Philmont Scout Ranch flash flood
On the morning of June 27, 2015, heavy rain occurred in a great portion of the Scouting reserve Philmont Scout Ranch, which is near Cimarron, New Mexico, United States, causing a flash flood. The flood also affected some other nearby areas in Colfax County that morning, including highways and small towns around Philmont. One youth Scout, Alden Brock, who was situated in a campsite within the staff camp Indian Writings, drowned while being swept away by the flood. The flood also had a significant impact on many individual crews and treks and significantly damaged some campsites. The 2015 flash flood is the largest documented flood in the history of Philmont, and is the only flood at Philmont that has ever caused the death of a person.

Flash flood
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm, or by meltwater from ice and snow. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam, as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by having a timescale of fewer than six hours between rainfall and the onset of flooding.

Flash floods are a significant hazard, causing more fatalities in the U.S. in an average year than lightning, tornadoes, or hurricanes. They can also deposit large quantities of sediments on floodplains and destroy vegetation cover not adapted to frequent flood conditions.
Pitt Water (Tasmania)
Pitt Water is a region and estuarine area near Sorell, in southeastern Tasmania. It forms part of the Pembroke Land District and includes significant natural habitats, cultural heritage sites, and agricultural lands. Pitt Water was named by Lieutenant Governor Collins, who named the shallow stretch of water between Sorell and Midway Point after the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, William Pitt.

Sorell, Tasmania
Sorell is a town in Tasmania, Australia, north-east of Hobart. It is located on the Tasman Highway at the junction with the Arthur Highway. Sorell is one of Tasmania's oldest towns, being first settled in 1808 as a small farming community and becoming an official township in 1821. At the 2006 census, Sorell had a population of 1,546, and at the 2011 census, a population of  2,476. and at the 2016 census, a population of  2,907.
North Ambersham
North Ambersham is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Fernhurst, in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. Until 1844 North Ambersham was a detached part of Hampshire and was a tithing of the parish of Steep. Under the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 (2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 64) and the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 (7 & 8 Vict. c. 61), it was annexed to Sussex. For ecclesiastical purposes this tithing was attached to Fernhurst. In 1866 North Ambersham became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1972 the parish was abolished and merged with Fernhurst. In 1971 the parish had a population of 176.

Tithing
A tithing or tything was a historic English legal, administrative or territorial unit, originally ten hides (and hence, one tenth of a hundred). Tithings later came to be seen as subdivisions of a manor or civil parish. The tithing's leader or spokesman was known as a tithingman.
Rock 'N' America
Rock 'N' America is an American sketch comedy and music video show.

In most markets which syndicated the program, it was usually aired Friday or Saturday evenings, usually at midnight or later.  During Smith's run as host, much of the show's humor revolved around cheese logs and other stereotypes parodying the 1980s club lounge scene.  One of the comedy bits featured Smith anchoring a fake newscast, in the style of a Saturday Night Live Weekend Update segment, using the sobriquet "Walter Cheeselog".

In the middle of the series run, the original series host Rick Ducommun was replaced by Frazer Smith.  The opening and ending credit music changed also, using a portion of the song "Automatic Sighs" (falsely credited as "Automatic Signs" during the end credits) by the band Strange Advance off their album Worlds Away.

Strange Advance
Strange Advance is a Canadian new wave band formed in 1982 in Vancouver, British Columbia. They were nominated for a 1983 Juno Award as Most Promising Group of the Year and again in 1985 as Group of the Year. Their first three albums, 1982's Worlds Away, 1985's 2WO, and 1988's The Distance Between were Canadian gold selling records.
Fortner
Fortner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ethel Fortner (1907–1987), American poet

Jack Fortner, Member of the Arkansas House of Representatives

Johann Fortner (1884–1947), German general

Mike Fortner, American politician

Nell Fortner (born 1959), American women's basketball coach

Ron Fortner (1941–2003), American talk radio host and television news anchor

Wolfgang Fortner (1907–1987), German classical composer and conductor

Ethel Fortner
Ethel Nestell Fortner (11 February 1907 – 16 April 1987) was an accomplished poet, critic and editor. She was born in Aspen, Colorado, the second child of Sam and Ida Nestell. She had five siblings. During her childhood, she lived in or near small coal mining towns.
Women's liberation movement in the United Kingdom
The women's liberation movement in the UK has consisted of a diverse, and often interconnected, group of individuals, collectives, publishing houses, and protests through the 20th century and after. The movement emerged from earlier developments in women's and workers' liberation and civil rights in the UK, including equal suffrage ideologies, and proto-feminist writing, and generated new movements in feminist, queer, and anti-racist activism in the UK into the late 20th and 21st centuries. The UK women's liberation movement is characterised by organising on the grounds of intersections between women's rights and other issues, for instance workers' rights, racism and ethnic discrimination, religion, and social justice.

Southall Black Sisters
Southall Black Sisters (SBS) is a non-profit organisation based in Southall, West London, England.  This women's group was established in August 1979 in the aftermath of the death of anti-fascist activist Blair Peach, who had taken part in a demonstration against a National Front rally at Southall Town Hall. In 1980, SBS successfully campaigned against virginity testing in the UK, a policy that was being used to verify the authenticity of Asian marriages by checking the state of women's hymens.
David Amaral (footballer)
David Amaral Rodríguez (born 12 October 1958) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a left winger, currently a manager.

He spent all of his senior playing career contracted to Tenerife, a club who he managed in three brief spells in Segunda División. He also led Universidad de Las Palmas, Salamanca and Castellón at that level.

Universidad de Las Palmas CF
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Club de Fútbol was a Spanish football team based in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands. Founded in 1994 as Vegueta-Universidad, it was dissolved in 2011 due to insurmountable economic problems.

It acted as the club of University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)
The Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) (abbr. CPB (MLM)) is an underground communist party in Bhutan. It aims to start a New Democratic Revolution and overthrow the Bhutanese monarchy and the House of Wangchuck. Its armed wing is the Bhutan Tiger Force, which had an estimated 600 to 1,000 cadres in 2009. The party's leader uses the nom de guerre Comrade Umesh.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Ait Ourir
Ait Ourir is a town and municipality in Al Haouz Province, Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 20,005 people living in 3767 households. The town lies on the northern bank of the Ourika River, 29.8 kilometres (18.5 mi) by road to the northwest of Tighedouine and 33.3 kilometres (20.7 mi) east of the city centre of Marrakesh.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Torch (Carly Simon album)
Torch is the 10th studio album by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released by Warner Bros. Records, in August 1981.

It was Simon's first album devoted to standards, namely torch songs, relating unrequited love or rejection. The album also features one Simon original, "From the Heart". The album was recorded during her marriage breakup to James Taylor, which was announced shortly after the release of the album.

Lynn Goldsmith
Lynn Goldsmith (born 1948) is an American recording artist, film director, celebrity portrait photographer, and rock and roll photographer. She has also made fine art photography with conceptual images and her paintings. Taschen, Rizzoli, and Abrams have published books on her work. In 1985, she received a World Press Photo award. In the 1980s, she wrote songs and performed as Will Powers. In 2023, she was part of a U.S. Supreme Court case dealing with the limits of fair use concerning a series of Andy Warhol silkscreen portraits based on a Goldsmith photo of the musician Prince.
Lycuntes
Lycuntes or Lykountes (Ancient Greek: Λυκούντης) was a settlement in ancient Arcadia, Greece. Pausanias wrote that it was located near Nasi, Scotane and Argeathae, which places it in the southern part of present Achaea.

Its site is unlocated.

Achaea
Achaea (/əˈkiːə/) or Achaia (/əˈkaɪə/), sometimes transliterated from Greek as Akhaia (Αχαΐα, Akhaḯa, Greek: [axaˈia]), is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Western Greece and is situated in the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The capital is Patras which is the third largest city in Greece.
Tom Clougherty
Tom Clougherty is the Executive Director and Ralph Harris Fellow at the Institute of Economic Affairs, a free market think tank based in London. He was previously the Head of Tax at the Centre for Policy Studies and editorial director of the Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives at the Cato Institute. He was also managing editor of the Cato Journal. Clougherty previously served as executive director of the Adam Smith Institute, a free market think tank based in London. Clougherty holds a B.A. in law from the University of Cambridge.

Clougherty has appeared regularly on the television network CNBC to discuss economic issues relevant to the United Kingdom.

Clougherty has also been research director at the Globalisation Institute, and is a senior fellow at The Cobden Centre, an Austrian economics think tank. Before joining Cato in February 2015, Clougherty was managing editor at the Reason Foundation.

Centre for Policy Studies
The Centre for Policy Studies (CPS) is a centre-right think tank and advocacy group in the United Kingdom. Its goal is to promote coherent and practical policies based on its founding principles of: free markets, "small state," low tax, national independence, self determination and responsibility. While being independent, the centre has historical links to the Conservative Party.

Since its founding in 1974, the centre has played a global role in the dissemination of free market economics alongside policy proposals claimed to be on the basis of responsibility and individual choice. It is regarded as having had "considerable historical influence".
San Francisco Writers Grotto
The San Francisco Writers Grotto (sometimes referred to as "The Grotto") is a writers' coworking space in San Francisco’s SOMA district. Founded in 1993 by writers Po Bronson, Ethan Canin and Ethan Watters, the Writers Grotto is a community of working writers which provides support, feedback, and community to its members. Members have won Pulitzer prizes and Guggenheim Fellowships and penned New York Times bestsellers, national TV series and movies. All Writers Grotto members are vetted before acceptance and must have a published book or a significant amount of journalistic or related media work published.

South of Market, San Francisco
South of Market (SoMa) is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, so named due to its location south of Market Street. It contains several sub-neighborhoods including South Beach, Yerba Buena, and Rincon Hill.

SoMa is home to many of the city's museums, to the headquarters of several major software and Internet companies, and to the Moscone Conference Center.
Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere
Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere (26 April 1868 – 26 November 1940), was a leading British newspaper proprietor who owned Associated Newspapers Ltd. He is best known, like his brother Alfred Harmsworth, later Viscount Northcliffe, for the development of the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror. Rothermere was a pioneer of popular tabloid journalism, and his descendants continue to control the Daily Mail and General Trust.

Two of Rothermere's three sons were killed in action during the First World War and in the 1930s, he advocated peaceful relations between Germany and the United Kingdom, and used his media influence to that end. He became known for his open support for fascism and praise for Nazi Germany and the British Union of Fascists. which contributed to the popularity of those views in the 1930s. After seeing his hopes dashed by the outbreak of the Second World War, he died in Bermuda.

Eyre & Spottiswoode
Eyre & Spottiswoode was the London-based printing firm established in 1739 that was the King's Printer, and subsequently, a publisher prior to being incorporated; it once went by the name of Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & co. ltd. In April 1929, it was incorporated as Eyre & Spottiswoode (Publishers) Ltd. It became part of Associated Book Publishers in 1958 and merged with Methuen in the 1970s with the resulting company known as Eyre Methuen.
Tony Dovolani
Driton Dovolani (born July 17, 1973), commonly known as Tony Dovolani, is an Albanian-American professional ballroom dancer, instructor and judge. He is known for his involvement in the American version of Dancing with the Stars on ABC. Dovolani also portrayed Slick Willy in the hit film Shall We Dance? and spent time coaching actress Jennifer Lopez.

Jon & Kate Plus 8
Jon & Kate Plus 8, later known as Kate Plus 8 (8 stylized as Ei8ht), is an American reality television series starring Kate Gosselin, Jon Gosselin, and their 8 kids, which ran from April 4, 2007-July 24, 2017.
Hugh Wright (schoolmaster)
Hugh Raymond Wright (born 24 August 1938) is an English schoolmaster and educationalist who was chairman of the Headmasters' Conference for 1995–1996.

In his early career Wright taught at Brentwood School and Cheltenham College, where he was Head of Classics. He was then successively headmaster of Stockport Grammar School, Gresham's School, and King Edward's School, Birmingham.

Education sciences
Education sciences, also known as education studies or education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education, educational research, instructional theory, curriculum theory and psychology, philosophy, sociology, economics, and history of education. Related are learning theory or cognitive science.
Hypolepis poeppigii
Hypolepis poeppigii is a fern species in the family Dennstaedtiaceae that has no common name. It is native to Chile and the Falkland Islands.

It was first described by German botanist Georg Heinrich Mettenius, but his description was not considered validly published, and American botanist William Ralph Maxon later described the species in a valid publication.

Georg Heinrich Mettenius
Georg Heinrich Mettenius (24 November 1823 – 18 August 1866) was a German botanist born in Frankfurt am Main. He was son-in-law to botanist Alexander Braun (1805–1877).

In 1845 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Heidelberg. After graduation, he studied marine algae in Helgoland and Fiume. In 1848, he returned to Heidelberg as a privat-docent, and was later appointed an associate professor of botany at Freiburg. In 1852 he became a full professor at the University of Leipzig as well as director of its botanical garden. He died of cholera in Leipzig at the age of 42.

Mettenius was a leading authority in the field of pteridology. The plant genus Metteniusa (family Metteniusaceae) is named in his honor.
Tamanrasset Province
Tamanrasset or Tamanghasset (Arabic: ولاية تمنراست Wilāya Tamanrāssat, Berber languages: ⵜⵣ'ⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⴾⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⵗⴰⵙⵜ) is a province (wilaya) in southern Algeria, named after its province seat, Tamanrasset. The province is the home of two national parks: Ahaggar National Park and Tassili n'Ajjer National Park. It is the largest province in Algeria, with an area of 336,839 km2. It has a population of  115,043 as of 2008.

Wilayah
A wilayah (Arabic: وَلاية, romanized: walāya or wilāya, plural wilāyat, wilayat; Urdu, Pashto and Persian: ولایت, romanized: velâyat, welāyat; Turkish: vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", "province" or occasionally as "governorate". The word comes from the Arabic root "w-l-y", "to govern": a wāli—"governor"—governs a wālāya (or wilāya), "that which is governed". Under the Caliphate, the term referred to any constituent near-sovereign state.
Stell Hospital
The Stell Hospital is a teaching hospital in Rueil-Malmaison. It is a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University.

It was established in August 1903 by American philanthropist Edward Tuck and is named after his wife Julia Stell.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Qaratli
Qaratli (Arabic: قراطي)  is a Syrian village located in Maarrat al-Nu'man Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qaratli had a population of 567 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Redstone, Telopea
Redstone is a heritage-listed private house at 34 Adderton Road, Telopea, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Walter Burley Griffin and built in 1935. It is also known as The Winter House. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 9 January 2009.

Carlingford railway line
The Carlingford railway line is a former heavy rail line in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was opened from Clyde to Rosehill Racecourse (later renamed Rosehill) in January 1888, then by means of the construction of a bridge across the Parramatta River, to Carlingford in April 1896. It closed on 5 January 2020 with most of the line converted to be part of Parramatta Light Rail which opened in December 2024. A short section of the line was retained for use by Sydney Trains.
1990 Caribbean Series
The thirty-second edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1990. It was held from February 5 through February 11 with the champions teams from the Dominican Republic, Leones del Escogido; Mexico, Naranjeros de Hermosillo; Puerto Rico, Senadores de San Juan, and Venezuela, Leones del Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and was played at Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida.

Leones del Escogido
The Escogido Baseball Club, better known by its commercial name as the Leones del Escogido, (English: Chosen One Lions or Lions of the Chosen or Picked Lions) is a professional baseball team in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Established in 1921, Leones are the third most successful team in the Dominican Professional Baseball League, behind Tigres del Licey and Aguilas Cibaeñas, having won 18 national championships and 5 Caribbean Series.
Concerto for Orchestra (Neikrug)
The Concerto for Orchestra is an orchestral composition by the American composer Marc Neikrug.  The work was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic and was completed in May 2011.  It was given its world premiere by the New York Philharmonic under the conductor Alan Gilbert at Avery Fisher Hall on April 26, 2012.  The concerto is dedicated to Alan Gilbert.

David Geffen Hall
David Geffen Hall is a concert hall at Lincoln Center on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The 2,200-seat auditorium opened in 1962, and is the home of the New York Philharmonic.

The facility, designed by Max Abramovitz, was originally named Philharmonic Hall and was renamed Avery Fisher Hall in honor of philanthropist Avery Fisher, who donated $10.5 million ($74 million today) to the orchestra in 1973.  In November 2014, Lincoln Center officials announced Fisher's name would be removed from the Hall so that naming rights could be sold to the highest bidder as part of a $500 million fund-raising campaign to refurbish the Hall.  In 2015, the Hall acquired its present name after David Geffen donated $100 million to Lincoln Center.
Kingdom of Ḫana
The Kingdom of Ḫana (KUR ḫa-ni-i "Land of Ḫana"; Khana) was the Syrian kingdom from Hana Land  in the middle Euphrates region north of Mari, which included the ancient city of Terqa. The kingdom was a successor to the Kingdom of Mari and emerged during the decline of the First Babylonian Dynasty. A newer view is that only the initial six rulers lived during that time and that after an interregnum, Ḫana re-emerged in the Middle Babylonian period under the last six kings. The Low Chronology dating scheme for Hana has gained much support. The kingdom was located in the middle Euphrates close to the junction of the Khabur River. Its capital was the town of Terqa or possibly Saggarâtum.

Khabur
The Khabur River is the largest perennial tributary to the Euphrates in Syria. Although the Khabur originates in Turkey, the karstic springs around Ras al-Ayn are the river's main source of water. Several important wadis join the Khabur north of Al-Hasakah, together creating what is known as the Khabur Triangle, or Upper Khabur area. From north to south, annual rainfall in the Khabur basin decreases from over 400 mm to less than 200 mm. This has made the river a vital water source for agriculture throughout history. The Khabur joins the Euphrates near the town of Busayrah.