hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Union Civil War Fortification
Union Civil War Fortification, also known as Bulltown Civil War Site, is a historic archaeological site located near Napier, Braxton County, West Virginia. The site relates to the American Civil War Battle of Bulltown, that took place on October 13, 1863.  During test excavations in the 1970s, remnants of structures, features, and artifacts were recovered.  The site was purchased by the Army Corps of Engineers during the development of Burnsville Lake, and is administered as part of the Bulltown Historic Area.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Braxton County, West Virginia
Braxton County is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,447. The county seat is Sutton. The county was formed in 1836 from parts of Lewis, Kanawha, and Nicholas counties and named for Carter Braxton, a Virginia statesman and signer of the Declaration of Independence.

In 2010, the center of population of West Virginia was in northern Braxton County.

Important salt works were located at Bulltown and here, in 1772, Captain Bull and his family and friendly Delaware Indians were massacred by frontiersmen. Jesse Hughes helped Jeremiah Carpenter track and kill the Indians responsible for the Carpenter massacre. Jeremiah was a notable fiddle player who wrote a song Shelvin’ Rock about the experience of escaping to rock shelter.
Hamman Yaji
Muhammad Hamman Yaji (c.1863–1929) was Emir of Madagali, Nigeria, part of the Adamawa Emirate. He is known for his personal diary which records daily life and activities from 1912 to 1927 as a Fulbe raider and slave trader near the border of present-day Adamawa State, Nigeria, and Mayo-Tsanaga, Far North Region, Cameroon. Over a nine-year period, Yaji reportedly carried out over one hundred raids, rustling much livestock, enslaving some 2,016 captives, and killing at least two hundred men, one hundred and sixty-eight of whom he notes specifically.

Written in Arabic and translated into English by a British colonial official, his diary provides a rare local perspective on early 20th century sub-Saharan daily life under colonial rule.

Far North Region (Cameroon)
The Far North Region, also known as the Extreme North Region (from French: Région de l'Extrême-Nord.) (Fulfulde : woilare  ), is the northernmost and most populous constituent province of the Republic of Cameroon. It borders the North Region to the south, Chad to the east, and Nigeria to the west. The capital is Maroua.

The province is one of Cameroon's most culturally diverse. Over 50 different ethnic groups populate the area, including the Shuwa Arabs, Fulani, and Kapsiki. Most inhabitants speak the Fulani language Fulfulde, Chadian Arabic, and French.
Danny Warr
Daniel John Warr (22 October 1905 – 27 August 1972) was an Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Warr spent two seasons at St Kilda and his 37 games consisted of one final in 1929. He was a goal-kicking rover and managed 24 goals in each of his two years at the club.

After captain-coaching Rochester in 1930, Warr returned to his original club Preston. He won a Recorder Cup in 1934, captain-coached them in 1935 and topped Preston's goal-kicking every year from 1932 to 1935 (54, 37, 57 and 42 goals respectively).

His coaching career continued with stints at Camperdown(1937-1939) and Finley. After the war he moved to Canberra and was in charge of Eastlake from 1947 to 1953 with the exception of 1951 which he spent at Turner. He steered Eastlake to a premiership in 1948 and coached the ACT.

Rochester Football Club
The Rochester Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is an Australian rules football and netball club, based in the town of Rochester, Victoria. Its teams currently play in the Goulburn Valley League, where Rochester played for the first time in 1913.
William Clayton (died 1783)
William Clayton (c. 1718 – 3 July 1783) of Harleyford Manor, near Great Marlow  was an English politician.

He was the second surviving son of Sir William Clayton, 1st Baronet (died 1744), and the younger brother of Sir Kenrick Clayton, 2nd Baronet. He was educated at the Middle Temple.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Bletchingley from 1745 to 1761, and for Great Marlow from 1761 to 1783.

His son William (1762–1834) succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his cousin Sir Robert Clayton, 3rd Baronet.

Great Marlow (UK Parliament constituency)
Great Marlow, sometimes simply called Marlow, was a parliamentary borough in Buckinghamshire. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England between 1301 and 1307, and again from 1624 until 1707, then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and finally in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1868. It elected one member from 1868 until 1885, when the borough was abolished.
Vinzaglio
Vinzaglio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Novara. It is an agricultural borough in the rice-growing plain of Vercelli.

Vinzaglio borders the following municipalities: Borgo Vercelli, Casalino, Confienza, Palestro and Vercelli. The Battle of Palestro was fought near the town on 30–31 May 1859.

Province of Novara
The province of Novara (Italian: provincia di Novara) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Novara.

In 1992, the new province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola was created through the fusion of three geographical areas which had previously been part of the province of Novara.

It has an area of 1,339 square kilometres (517 sq mi) and a population of 362,925 (2021). The province contains 87 comuni (sg.: comune) (see list of comuni of the province of Novara).
Empordà (DO)
Empordà is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) (Denominació d'Origen Protegida in Catalan) for wines produced in the northeastern corner of Catalonia, Spain in the province of Girona.

The region generally extends from the town of Figueres northwards to the French border and the French wine-making regions of Banyuls and Côtes du Roussillon.  To the south, it extends through Baix Empordà near the Mediterranean Sea. The DOP is crossed by the rivers Muga, Llobregat and Manol which flow eastwards to the sea.

Côtes du Roussillon AOC
Côtes du Roussillon (French pronunciation: [kot dy ʁusijɔ̃]) is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée for wines made in the Roussillon wine region of France. It is the least selective AOC in the Roussillon region. In 2002, 21,048,500 litres of Côtes du Roussillon were produced, 68% red, 28% rosé and 4% white. Grenache is the dominant variety in Red and Rosé. According to the AOC rules, however, red wines must be made with at least three varieties of grapes. The total of the two main variety grapes should not make more than 90% of the blend, and there must not be more than 60% of Carignan in it.
Nóra Érfalvy
Nóra Érfalvy (born 9 June 1970 in Budapest) is a retired Hungarian rhythmic gymnast.

She competed for Hungary in the rhythmic gymnastics all-around competition at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, placing 20th in the qualification and 17th overall.

Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's rhythmic individual all-around
These are the results of the rhythmic individual all-around competition, the only Rhythmic Gymnastic event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Rules for the rhythmic gymnastics competition had changed after the previous Olympics. The ball apparatus was replaced by the rope. Thirty-nine gymnasts competed in the preliminary round, Each gymnast completed one exercise with each apparatus, and the twenty best gymnasts advanced to the finals. Each competitor carried over half her preliminary round score (prelim score) to the final, where it was added to her score in the final (final score). In the final, they again performed one exercise with each apparatus.

Each of the routines were judged by six judges, highest and lowest marks were dropped, and the average of the four remaining marks was the gymnast's score for the routine.
Rachid Belhout
Rachid Belhout (Arabic: رشيد بلحوت; June 14, 1944 – August 9, 2020) was an Algerian football manager and player. At the time of his death, he was managing Al-Ahly Benghazi in the Libyan Premier League.

Algerian Cup
The Algerian Cup (Arabic: كأس الجزائر), also known as the Republic Cup (Arabic: كأس الجمهورية), is an annual knockout football competition in Algerian football, organized by the Algerian Football Federation.

The competition was founded in 1962 and is open to all eligible clubs of the Algerian football league system,. The winners automatically qualify for both the CAF Confederation Cup and the Algerian Super Cup the following year. If they have already qualified for CAF Confederation Cup through their league position, the Confederation Cup spot is given to the highest-placed team in the league who has not yet qualified.

USM Alger and CR Belouizdad are the most successful clubs in the competition, having won 9 titles. USM Alger have contested the most finals with 18  finals. USM Alger are also the most recent winners, having defeated rivals CR Belouizdad in the 2025 final held at the 	Nelson Mandela Stadium.
Cherokee Nation of Mexico
The Cherokee Nation of Mexico, also known as the Cherokee Nation of Sequoyah of Mexico, Texas, and U.S.A. Reservation and Church, is an organization of individuals who claim descent from Cherokee Indians who migrated to Mexico during the 19th century. They are an unrecognized tribe with a presence in Zaragoza, Coahuila, Mexico. According to Robert J. Conley, the Cherokee Nation of Mexico is recognized by the state of Coahuilla.

Their chief is Charles L. Rogers. Charles L. Rogers, the Ancient Cherokee Church of Mexico, the Cherokee Nation of Mexico, and the Native American Church sued American Express Bank and others in Texas Western District Court in 2013.

The Cherokee Nation of Mexico Texas and Coahuila Reservation and Church was headquartered in Brownsville, Texas, United States. Today they are an IRS 170(b)(1)(A)(i) organization, listed as a "Religion-Related, Spiritual Development" and Christian church, with Unconditional Tax Exemption, located in Dripping Springs, Texas.

Zaragoza Municipality, Coahuila
Zaragoza is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, a state in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Zaragoza. The municipality covers an area of 8183.5 km2. It is near the Mexico–US border with Texas.
It is one of the cities in the "5 manantiales" (5 springs) region in northern Coahuila. The celebrations commemorating Zaragoza's founding on 1 February 1753 are a popular attraction, and feature a traditional "cabalgata" or horse trail ride with horse pulled vintage buggies. On 7 August 1827, the name of the town was changed to San Fernando de Rosas, and to Zaragoza on the 27 February 1868.
Bar Council of Kerala
Bar Council of Kerala is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for lawyers practicing law in the Indian state of Kerala. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India. In March 1953, S. R. Das as head of the 'All India Bar Committee', proposed the creation of the apex body as an All-India Bar Council and  Bar council at state levels and submitted a report to the Central Government of India.  Members of the Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers practicing law in the state of Kerala and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of professional conduct to be followed by members, and designs etiquettes and has the power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

Legal practice in India
Legal practice in India is governed by the Advocates Act 1961; an act passed by the Indian Parliament which provides for laws relating to legal practitioners in India and for the constitution of the Bar Council of India (BCI) and state bar councils.  Under the powers granted in the Act, the BCI has made rules known as BCI rules 1975 which lay down rules for practice, legal education and professional ethics. Advocates Act 1961 replaced the earlier Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926.
Feldman v. Google, Inc.
Feldman v. Google, Inc., 513 F.Supp.2d 229 (E.D. Pa. 2007), was a ruling at the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The case has become a defining precedent on the enforceability of clickwrap agreements for Internet services.

Forum selection clause
In contract law, a forum selection clause (sometimes called a dispute resolution clause, choice of court clause, governing law clause, jurisdiction clause or an arbitration clause, depending on its form) in a contract with a conflict of laws element allows the parties to agree that any disputes relating to that contract will be resolved in a specific forum. They usually operate in conjunction with a choice of law clause which determines the proper law of the relevant contract.
Stefan Olsson (businessman)
Stefan Olsson (born 1948/1949) is a Swedish billionaire businessman and Catholic priest, and 24.5% owner of Stena Sphere.

Stefan Olsson is the second son of Sten Allan Olsson, the founder of Stena Sphere. His siblings Dan Olsson owns 51% and Madeleine Olsson Eriksson owns 12.5%.

He is married and lives in London, England.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Gnathovorax
Gnathovorax is a genus of herrerasaurid saurischian dinosaur from the Santa Maria Formation in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The type and only species is Gnathovorax cabreirai, described by Pacheco et al. in 2019. The type specimen comprises a mostly complete and well-preserved articulated skeleton (considered one of the best herrerasaurid skeletons ever discovered), which fossilized in close association with rhynchosaur and cynodont remains. The discovery of this superb specimen has shed light onto poorly understood aspects of herrerasaurid anatomy such as endocranial soft tissues.

Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian. Its boundaries are not characterized by major extinctions or biotic turnovers, but a climatic event (known as the Carnian pluvial episode characterized by substantial rainfall) occurred during the Carnian and seems to be associated with important extinctions or biotic radiations. Another extinction occurred at the Carnian-Norian boundary, ending the Carnian age.
2023 Vancouver-Mount Pleasant provincial by-election
A by-election was held in the provincial riding of Vancouver-Mount Pleasant in British Columbia on June 24, 2023, to elect a new member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia following the resignation of NDP MLA Melanie Mark.

The by-election was held on the same day as one in Langford-Juan de Fuca.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Furazan
Furazan, or 1,2,5-oxadiazole, is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound consisting of a five-atom ring containing 1 oxygen and 2 nitrogen atoms.  The furazan ring system is also found in the steroid furazabol. Furazan and its derivatives are obtained from the oxime derivatives of 1,2-diketones.

Dicarbonyl
In organic chemistry, a dicarbonyl is a molecule containing two carbonyl (C=O) groups. Although this term could refer to any organic compound containing two carbonyl groups, it is used more specifically to describe molecules in which both carbonyls are in close enough proximity that their reactivity is changed, such as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicarbonyls. Their properties often differ from those of monocarbonyls, and so they are usually considered functional groups of their own. These compounds can have symmetrical or unsymmetrical substituents on each carbonyl, and may also be functionally symmetrical (dialdehydes, diketones, diesters, etc.) or unsymmetrical (keto-esters, keto-acids, etc.).
Boat building
Boat building is the design and construction of boats (instead of the larger ships) — and their on-board systems. This includes at minimum the construction of a hull, with any necessary propulsion, mechanical, navigation, safety and other service systems as the craft requires.

The boat building industry provides for the design, manufacturing, repair and modification of human-powered watercrafts, sailboats, motorboats, airboats and submersibles, and caters for various demands from recreational (e.g. launches, dinghies and yachts), commercial (e.g. tour boats, ferry boats and lighters), residential (houseboats), to professional (e.g. fishing boats, tugboats, lifeboats and patrol boats).

Human-powered watercraft
Human-powered watercraft are watercraft propelled only by human power, instead of being propelled by wind power (via one or more sails) or an engine.

The three main methods of exerting human power are:

directly from the hands or feet, sometimes aided by swimfins;

through hand-operated oars, paddles, or poles, or;

through the feet with pedals, crankset or treadle.

While most human-powered watercraft use buoyancy to maintain their position relative to the surface of the water, a few, such as human-powered hydrofoils and human-powered submarines, use hydrofoils, either alone or in addition to buoyancy.
The Sunlander
The Sunlander was a long distance passenger rail service operated by Queensland Rail on the North Coast line between Brisbane and Cairns in Queensland between June 1953 and December 2014. It has been replaced by the Spirit of Queensland.

Roma Street railway station
Roma Street railway station is a commuter and long-distance passenger train station located in the central business district of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is the junction station for the North Coast, Main, Gold Coast and NSW North Coast lines. The station is one of four inner city stations that form a core corridor through the centre of Brisbane.

Although not easily visible to the public, the original 1873 Roma Street railway station building still exists within the modern complex and is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.
Arlene Bynon
Arlene Bynon is a Canadian television and radio broadcaster, formerly an afternoon talk radio host on AM 640 in Toronto, Ontario. She has also cohosted an international talk radio show with American broadcaster John LeBoutillier.

Prior to joining AM 640, Bynon hosted an eponymous daytime talk show on Global from 1990 to 2001. Previously, after working at CJRN in Niagara Falls in the 1970s, she was a news broadcaster and host on CFTR-AM and CHFI-FM in the 1980s and 1990s hosting newsmagazines Sunday, Sunday and then Chronicle.

Her last show on AM 640 was on January 29, 2013. She is currently heard on Sirius XM Canada's Canada Talks channel.

CHFI-FM
CHFI-FM (98.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned and operated by Rogers Radio, a division of Rogers Sports & Media, it broadcasts an Adult contemporary format. The studios are in the Rogers Building on the northwest corner of Bloor and Jarvis Streets in Downtown Toronto. CHFI is often the most listened-to commercial radio station in Greater Toronto, according to the Numeris ratings.

CHFI-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 36,180 watts. The transmitter is atop the CN Tower.
Mahsud Waziri blockade
The Mahsud Waziri blockade was a campaign against the Mahsud in British India. It began with a passive blockade on 1 December 1900. The British forces were commanded by Major General Charles Egerton. The "most intense" period of fighting began on 23 November 1901. Mobile columns concentrated at Datta Khel, Jandola, Sarwakai and Wana raided Mahsud territory every several weeks, seizing livestock, taking Mahsud members captive and inflicting heavy casualties. The Mahsud finally surrendered on 10 March 1902.

Charles Egerton (Indian Army officer)
Field Marshal Sir Charles Comyn Egerton, GCB, DSO (10 November 1848 – 20 February 1921) was a senior Indian Army officer from the Egerton family.

Early in his career he took part in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, the Hazara Expedition and operations in the Khyber Pass. He went on to command the Bannu column during operations in Waziristan in 1894 and to serve as senior staff officer for the Tochi Expedition in 1897. Egerton took command of the troops in British Somaliland fighting the Dervish leader Sayid Abdullah Hassan in June 1903; he had a significant success at Jidbali in January 1904 killing 1,000 of Hassan's men. His last appointment was as General Officer Commanding Secunderabad District in 1904 before retiring in 1907.
Otto Oehler
Otto Oehler  (October 25, 1913 – March 3, 1941) was an American male handball player. He was a member of the United States men's national handball team. He was part of the  team at the 1936 Summer Olympics, playing 1 match. On club level he played for German Sport Club Brooklyn in the United States.

His brother was handballer Henry Oehler who also competed for the national team at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

United States men's national handball team
The United States national handball team is controlled by USA Team Handball. Due to disputes over funding, general lack of fiscal discipline, and accusations of incompetence, on February 14, 2006, the USOC revoked the governing duties of handball from the United States Team Handball Federation but has since selected USA Team Handball as the new United States National Governing Body.
Lacosoma arizonicum
Lacosoma arizonicum, the southwestern sack-bearer moth, is a species of moth in the family Mimallonidae and one of four species of sack-bearers occurring north of Mexico. Its type locality is the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona. The species was first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1898 from a single male specimen and has Hodges number 7660.

Chiricahua Mountains
The Chiricahua Mountains are a mountain range in southeastern Arizona and part of the Basin and Range province of the western and southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The range lies primarily within the Coronado National Forest. Chiricahua Peak, the highest point in the range, rises 9,759 feet (2,975 m) above sea level, about 6,000 feet (1,800 m) above the surrounding valleys. The mountains are named for the Chiricahua Apache, who historically lived in the region.