hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Artist Descending a Staircase
Artist Descending a Staircase is a radio play by Tom Stoppard, first broadcast by the BBC in 1972, and later adapted for live theatre. The play centres on a murder mystery involving an artist who dies from falling down a set of stairs. The play is a humorous exploration of the meaning and purpose of art. The title alludes to Marcel Duchamp's 1912 painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
John Two Guns White Calf
John Two Guns White Calf (also known as John Two Guns and John Whitecalf Two Guns) (1872–1934) was a chief of the Piegan Blackfeet in Montana. He was born near Fort Benton, Montana, and was the adopted son of Chief White Calf. After the elder White Calf died in 1903, while a guest of President Theodore Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., White Calf became the last chief of the Blackfoot Tribe. He died from the flu at Blackfeet Indian hospital, according to the Choteau Acantha, however the Indian agency reported it was pulmonary tuberculosis that took his life at age 63. John Two Guns White Calf is buried in a Catholic cemetery in Browning, Montana.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Nicolas Stewart
Nicolas Stewart was a Scottish footballer who played in Scotland and the American Soccer League.

Stewart played for several teams in the Scottish Junior Football League including Shettleston Juniors, Maryhill Hibs F.C. and Kirkintilloch Rob Roy F.C.  In 1926, he signed with the Springfield Babes of the American Soccer League. The Babes withdrew from the league just after Christmas 1926 and Stewart moved to the New Bedford Whalers for the rest of the season. In 1927, Stewart joined the Hartford Americans. Like the Babes, the Americans withdrew from the league early in the season and Stewart again moved to the Whalers. He remained with the Whalers except for loans to Brooklyn Wanderers and Newark Skeeters. In July 1930, he returned to Scotland where he joined Alloa Athletic

Kirkintilloch Rob Roy F.C.
Kirkintilloch Rob Roy Football Club are a Scottish football club based in the town of Kirkintilloch, East Dunbartonshire. Nicknamed The Rabs or The Roy, they were formed in 1878. They wear red and black hoops and currently compete in the West of Scotland League First Division.
Caterina Vozzi
Caterina Vozzi is an Italian physicist, Professor and Director of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie. Her research considers the ultrafast dynamics of molecules and solids. She holds a European Research Council grant to develop spectroscopic probes for complex molecules. She was awarded the Millie Dresselhaus Professorship in 2020.

Mildred Dresselhaus
Mildred Spiewak Dresselhaus (née Spiewak; November 11, 1930 – February 20, 2017), known as the "Queen of Carbon Science", was an American physicist, materials scientist, and nanotechnologist. She was an institute professor and professor of both physics and electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She also served as the president of the American Physical Society, the chair of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as well as the director of science in the US Department of Energy under the Bill Clinton Government. Dresselhaus won numerous awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, the Enrico Fermi Award, the Kavli Prize and the Vannevar Bush Award.
Oroqen language
Oroqen (/ˈɒrətʃɛn, ˈɒroʊ-/ ORR-ə-chen, ORR-oh-; Oroqen Urkun; ɔrɔtʃeen ulguur), also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun or Ulunchun, is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China. Dialects are Gankui and Heilongjiang. Gankui is the standard dialect. It is spoken by the Oroqen people of Inner Mongolia (predominantly the Oroqin Autonomous Banner) and Heilongjiang in Northeast China.

Since the 1980s, Oroqen-language materials were produced by teachers in Oroqen-speaking areas. They based the language's orthography either on IPA or Pinyin. A majority of Oroqen speakers use Chinese as a literary language and some also speak Daur.

Heihe
Heihe (Chinese: 黑河; pinyin: Hēihé; lit. 'Black River'; Russian: Хэйхэ) is a prefecture-level city of northern Heilongjiang province, China, located on the Russian border, on the south bank of the Amur (Heilong) River, across the river from Blagoveshchensk. At the 2020 census, 1,286,401 people lived in the prefecture-level city of whom 223,832 lived in the built-up area (or metro) made of Aihui District. At the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 1.23 million, including 823,000 in urban areas and 407,000 in rural areas.

Heihe marks the northeast terminus of the diagonal Heihe–Tengchong Line, which is sometimes used to divide China into east and west.
Pico La Bayamesa National Park
Pico La Bayamesa National Park is a protected area in eastern Cuba. It is located in the Sierra Maestra in Granma and Santiago de Cuba provinces. The park was designated in 2012 and covers an area of 242.1 km2. On the west it adjoins Turquino National Park.

The park is named for Pico La Bayamesa, the highest mountain in the park at 1754 meters.

Plant communities in the park include cloud forest, subpáramo (subalpine shrubland) and páramo (alpine grassland). Cuban and locally endemic plants include Cuban juniper (Juniperus saxicola), Sierra Maestra pine (Pinus maestrensis), Protium cubensis, Tabebuia shaferi, and Magnolia cubensis. 26 plant species are endemic to the Bayamesa-Turquino area and 100 are endemic to the Sierra Maestra.

Approximately 80 species of resident and migratory birds have been recorded in the Bayamesa-Turquino area.

Santiago de Cuba Province
Santiago de Cuba Province is the second most populated province in the island of Cuba. The largest city Santiago de Cuba is the main administrative center. Other large cities include Palma Soriano, Contramaestre, San Luis, and Songo-La Maya.
California Immigrant Workers Association
The California Immigrant Workers Association (CIWA) was an AFL–CIO associate membership organization from 1989 to 1994. Initiated by AFL–CIO regional director David Sicker with support from labor unions in California, CIWA helped undocumented immigrants to regularized their immigration status under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, and supported organizing campaigns among immigrant workers into the labor movement.

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA or the Simpson–Mazzoli Act) was passed by the 99th United States Congress and signed into law by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986.

The Immigration Reform and Control Act legalized most undocumented immigrants who had arrived in the country prior to January 1, 1982. The act altered U.S. immigration law by making it illegal to knowingly hire illegal immigrants, and establishing financial and other penalties for companies that employed illegal immigrants.

Nearly three million people applied for legalization under the IRCA. Through the update in the registry date along with the LAW and SAW programs enacted by IRCA, approximately 2.7 million people were ultimately approved for permanent residence.
Rave Mobile Safety
Rave Mobile Safety (formerly Rave Wireless) is an American software company founded in New York City in 2004, and currently based in Framingham, Massachusetts. The company provides a suite of software applications for safety. Early investors included Bain Capital Ventures, Sigma Partners, and RRE Ventures.  More recently, Technology Crossover Ventures took a lead investment position

The company claims a total of 8,000 contracted clients representing 1,800 higher education institutions, 10,000 K-12 schools, 3,00 public safety agencies and 9-1-1 centers in all 50 U.S. states as customers, with over 50 million individuals protected.

TCV (investment firm)
TCMI, Inc. better known by the name TCV (Technology Crossover Ventures) is an American investment firm based in Menlo Park, California. The firm mainly invests in public and private growth-stage companies in the technology industry.
1997 LPGA Championship
The 1997 LPGA Championship was the 43rd LPGA Championship, played May 15–18 at DuPont Country Club in Wilmington, Delaware.

Christa Johnson won her only major title in a sudden-death playoff over Leta Lindley. The win came with a par on the second extra hole, after both had players bogeyed the first. Johnson and Lindley were co-leaders after 54 holes. It was the first playoff at the LPGA Championship since 1970, then a full 18-hole round on Monday.

This was the fourth of eleven consecutive LPGA Championships at DuPont Country Club.

Christa Johnson
Christa Johnson (born April 25, 1958) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1980 and won nine LPGA Tour events, including one major championship, during her career.
Syed Salahuddin Zaki
Syed Salahuddin Zaki (26 August 1946 – 18 September 2023) was a Bangladeshi film director, producer, and film writer. He won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Dialogue for the film Ghuddi (1980). He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2021. Zaki died in Dhaka on 18 September 2023, at the age of 77.

Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Dialogue
The Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Dialogue (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার শ্রেষ্ঠ সংলাপ রচয়িতা) is one of the most honourable film awards in Bangladesh. Since 1978, the awards have been given for best dialogue. The first award winner was Subhash Dutta.
Vladimir Bubnov
Vladimir Nikolayevich Bubnov (Russian: Владимир Николаевич Бубнов; born June 26, 1940) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player. He currently works with the children's teams of FC Moscow.

Bubnov played in the Soviet First League with FC Traktor Volgograd.

Soviet First League
The Soviet First League in football (Russian: Первая лига СССР по футболу) was the second highest division of Soviet football, below the Soviet Top League.

While the second tier competitions in football among "teams of masters" (an official term for the Soviet professional clubs) existed since 1936, the First League has been officially formed in 1971 out of the Class A First Group. It followed the transitional 1970 season when the Class A was expanded to three groups (Vysshaya Gruppa, Pervaya Gruppa, Vtoraya Gruppa) and discontinuation of the Class B competitions for the 1971 season.

The league existed until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.
Keith Pickard
Keith Pickard (born 1962) is a former Republican member of the Nevada Senate. He represented the 20th district, which covers parts of the southern Las Vegas Valley. Pickard formerly represented the 22nd district in the Nevada Assembly.

Nevada State Assembly
39°09′42″N 119°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿39.161643°N 119.766139°W﻿ / 39.161643; -119.766139
The Nevada State Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Nevada, the upper house being the Nevada State Senate. The body consists of 42 members, elected to two-year terms from single-member districts. Each district contained approximately 64,299 people as of the 2010 United States census. Term limits, limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms (12 years), took effect in 2010.

The Nevada Assembly met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971, when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol.  The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Nevada Legislature. Since the 2012 session, Assembly districts have been formed by dividing the 21 Senate districts in half, so that each Assembly district is nested within a Senate district.
Jigra
Jigra (transl. Courage) is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Vasan Bala, who co-wrote it with Debashish Irengbam. It is produced by Karan Johar, Apoorva Mehta, Alia Bhatt, Shaheen Bhatt and Soumen Mishra under Viacom18 Studios, Dharma Productions and Eternal Sunshine Productions. It stars Alia Bhatt as a troubled young woman who must rescue her brother (played by Vedang Raina) from a foreign prison, after he is incarcerated for a crime he did not commit.

Principal photography took place in Mumbai and Singapore from October 2023 to February 2024. Jigra was theatrically released worldwide on 11 October 2024, coinciding with Vijayadashami, to mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, with praise directed towards Bhatt's performance and music. The film did not perform well financially, though at the 70th Filmfare Awards, it received four nominations and won two awards – Best Actress (Bhatt)  and R. D. Burman Award (Achint Thakkar).

Filmfare R. D. Burman Award
The Filmfare R. D. Burman Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films. Named in honour of music director R. D. Burman, the award recognises new and upcoming talent in the Bollywood music industry. The first award in this category was given in 1995.
Chateau Nous
Chateau Nous is a heritage-listed villa at 1 Rupert Terrace, Ascot, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Douglas Francis and Woodcraft Roberts. It was built from c. 1937 to 1940s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside.
J'maal Alexander
J'maal Alexander (born 26 October 1993 in Tortola, British Virgin Islands) is a runner from the British Virgin Islands who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 100m event but was eliminated in the preliminary round.

Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom was held at the Olympic Stadium on 4–5 August 2012. Seventy-four athletes from 61 nations competed. Each nation was limited to 3 athletes per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The competition comprised four rounds: a preliminary round for entrants without the minimum qualifying standard, a heats round, followed by three semi-finals of eight athletes each, which then reduced to eight athletes for the final.
2021–22 Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey season
The 2021–22 Clarkson Golden Knights Men's ice hockey season was the 100th season of play for the program. They represented Clarkson University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season and for the 61st season in the ECAC Hockey conference. The Golden Knights were coached by  Casey Jones, in his 11th season, and played their home games at Cheel Arena.

2021–22 ECAC Hockey men's season
The 2021–22 ECAC Hockey men's season is the 61st season of play for ECAC Hockey and will take place during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season. The regular season is set to begin on October 2, 2021, and conclude on February 26, 2022. The conference tournament is scheduled to begin in early March, 2022.
35th Delaware General Assembly
The 35th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. It met in Dover, Delaware, convening January 1, 1811, two weeks before the beginning of the first year of the administration of Governor Joseph Haslet.

The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
ARSAT
Empresa Argentina de Soluciones Satelitales Sociedad Anónima AR-SAT, usually known simply as ARSAT, is an Argentine government-owned telecommunications company incorporated in 2006 as a Sociedad Anónima through the federal law 26.092. At the time of incorporation, its ownership was shared by the Ministry of Federal Planning, Public Investment and Services (98%) and the Ministry of Economy and Public Finances (2%).

Federal law
Federal law is the body of law created by the federal government of a country. A federal government is formed when a country has a central government as well as regional governments, such as subnational states or provinces, each with constitutionally entrenched powers. As a result, two or more levels of governments with constitutional powers exist within an established geographic territory. The body of law of the common central government is the federal law.

Examples of federal governments include those of Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Malaysia, Pakistan, India, Russia, the former Soviet Union and the United States.
Karamat Ali Karamat
Karamat Ali Karamat (1936–2022) was an Indian Urdu poet, author, literary critic, and mathematician. Karamat is known for collecting and introducing Odisha's Urdu literature to the Urdu-speaking world. His works include Aab e Khizar (1963), Shu'aon Ki Salīb (1972), Izāfi Tanqīd (1977), Lafzon Kā Aasmān (1984), and Lafzon Kā Ākāsh (2000). Karamat received the 2004 Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize for his Urdu translation, Lafzon Kā Ākāsh.

Urdu literature
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language. While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including the short story, or afsana (افسانہ). Urdu literature is popular mostly in Pakistan, where Urdu is the national language, and in India, where it is an Eighth Schedule language.
Naledi Local Municipality, Free State
Naledi Local Municipality was a local municipality in the Free State province in South Africa. On 3 August 2016 it was disestablished and merged into the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality. The name Naledi is a Sesotho word meaning "a star". The principal towns in the area of the disestablished municipality are Dewetsdorp and Wepener.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Mainz Rose Monday parade
The Mainz Rose Monday parade is a carnival parade held annually on Rose Monday in Mainz. Since its inception in 1838, it has taken place 114 times (as of 2015) and is considered the highlight of the Mainz Carnival. With approximately 9,500 active participants and over 500,000 spectators, the Mainz Rose Monday Parade, alongside the Cologne and Düsseldorf Rose Monday Parades, is one of the three largest Rose Monday parades in Germany. Due to its excessive length and duration, the MCV announced a reduction for 2026.

Düsseldorfer Karneval
The Düsseldorfer Karneval is the Düsseldorf variant of the "fifth season" known as carnival. The Düsseldorf carnival begins on 11 November each year with the symbolic awakening of the Hoppeditz and ends on Ash Wednesday of the following year with his burial. The period of carnival is called the Carnival session and marks a high point in the social life of the state capital with numerous sittings and balls. Together with the events in Cologne and Mainz, the carnival procession is one of the largest in Germany. Its annual television broadcast made it known nationwide.
J.C. Johnson House
J. C. Johnson House was a historic home located at Muncie, Indiana. It was designed by the noted Fort Wayne architectural firm Grindle & Weatherhogg and built in 1897. It is a two-and-a-half-story brick dwelling with Queen Anne and Romanesque Revival style design elements.  It features a projecting tower, two-story bay constructed of limestone, four slender chimneys, and a slate roof with decorative ridge trim.

The home is named for its most famous resident, John C. Johnson, a prominent local businessman originally from New York. His brother and business partner, Abbott Johnson, founded the Warner Gear Company, which later formed BorgWarner.: 54–56

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and delisted in 2018.  It is located in the Goldsmith C. Gilbert Historic District.

BorgWarner
BorgWarner Inc. is an American automotive and e-mobility supplier headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan. As of 2023, the company maintains production facilities and sites at 92 locations in 24 countries, and generates revenues of US$14.2 billion, while employing around 39,900 people. The company is one of the 25 largest automotive suppliers in the world. Since February 2025, Joseph F. Fadool has been CEO of BorgWarner Inc.