hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Formative assessment
Formative assessment, formative evaluation, formative feedback, or assessment for learning, including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. The goal of a formative assessment is to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can help students identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas that need work. It also helps faculty recognize where students are struggling and address problems immediately. It typically involves qualitative feedback (rather than scores) for both student and teacher that focuses on the details of content and performance.  It is commonly contrasted with summative assessment, which seeks to monitor educational outcomes, often for purposes of external accountability.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.
Famous Poets Society
The Famous Poets Society (also known as the Christian Poets Guild) was a vanity press that organized a poetry contest and offered self-publishing services.

Despite the company's claims to have awarded over $425,000 in cash prizes to selected poets over 8 years, nearly all writers who submitted works were accepted regardless of artistic merit, and they were required to buy the anthology (described in one NBC4 story as resembling a "yearbook" and being printed on "Xerox paper") in which they appeared in order to receive a copy of it; in addition, they had to pay significant fees to attend the contests' award ceremonies. The Winning Writers website lists the Famous Poets Society as service that aspiring poets should avoid, while an article in the Boston Phoenix described it as an outright scam, stating that its presumptive founder "[had] been preying on the naïveté and vanity of poets for 20 years."

WRC-TV
WRC-TV (channel 4) is a television station in Washington, D.C. It is owned and operated by the NBC television network via its NBC Owned Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Class A Telemundo outlet WZDC-CD (channel 44), the two stations share studio and transmitter facilities on Nebraska Avenue in the Tenleytown neighborhood of Northwest Washington.

Through a channel sharing agreement, both stations transmit using WRC-TV's spectrum from a tower adjacent to their studios.
Mullerochloa
Mullerochloa is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae, with affinities to bamboos. It contains just one species, Mullerochloa moreheadiana, which is native to northeastern Queensland, Australia. It was originally described as Bambusa moreheadiana by Frederick Manson Bailey in 1889.

The plant produces culms (stems) up to 30 m (100 ft) tall from an underground shoot; the shoots themselves can be up to 60 m (200 ft) in length.

The genus name of Mullerochloa is in honour of Lennox Muller, an Australian psychologist turned exotic plant farmer in Innisfail, Far North Queensland. The Latin specific epithet of moreheadiana is in honour of Boyd Dunlop Morehead (1843–1905), an English-born Australian politician.

Frederick Manson Bailey
Frederick Manson Bailey CMG (8 March 1827 – 25 June 1915) was a botanist active in Australia, who made valuable contributions to the characterisation of the flora of Queensland.  He was known by his middle name, Manson.
Clive Wright
Clive George Wright, Jr. (born 18 November 1965) is a Jamaican former track and field sprinter who specialised in the 200 metres. He won several medals with the Jamaican relay team, taking Jamaica's first World Championships relay medal (a bronze) at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, as well as a bronze medal at the Pan American Games in 1987 and two relay bronze medals at the 1990 Commonwealth Games.

He was a four-time Jamaican champion in the 200 m and held a personal best of 20.50 seconds for the distance. He represented his country in that event at the Summer Olympics in 1988 and 1992.

Jamaican Athletics Championships
The Jamaican Athletics Championships is an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Jamaica Athletics Administrative Association, which serves as the national championship for the sport in Jamaica.
Jesse Six Dijkstra
Jesse Six Dijkstra (born 23 September 1994) is a Dutch politician who served on the House of Representatives between December 2023 and November 2025. He worked at the General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD) prior to entering politics. A member of the New Social Contract (NSC) party, his focus was on digital affairs and national security. Responding to a personnel shortage in prisons, he worked with Joost Sneller (D66) and Derk Boswijk (CDA) on a bill to allow courts to impose house arrest and electronic ankle monitoring as an alternative to short prison sentences. They also argued that it would help lower the risk of repeat offenses. Six Dijkstra did not run for re-election in 2025, and his term ended on 11 November 2025.

House arrest
House arrest (also called home confinement, or nowadays electronic monitoring) is a legal measure where a person is required to remain at their residence under supervision, typically as an alternative to imprisonment. The person is confined by the authorities to their residence. Travel is usually restricted and may require prior approval.

Since the introduction of electronic tagging, a person under house arrest may be monitored electronically, and their movements are typically tracked. House arrest is also used in some cases for individuals convicted of minor offenses. In certain situations, such as in authoritarian regimes, house arrest may be used to restrict the freedom of political dissidents against political governments, sometimes limiting or monitoring their communication with the outside world. If electronic communication is allowed, conversations may be monitored. There is much criticism of the effectiveness of house arrest.
Gjuratinden
Gjuratinden is a mountain on the border of Molde Municipality and Rauma Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the village of Isfjorden and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the town of Åndalsnes. The lake Eikesdalsvatnet lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east of the mountain. The mountain Kyrkjetaket lies about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the northwest.

The mountain is 1,712 metres (5,617 ft) tall. The summit climb is close to scrambling, but a rope is recommended for the final 20 to 30 metres (66 to 98 ft).

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈmø̂ːrə ɔ ˈrʊ̀msdɑːɫ] ⓘ; English: Møre and Romsdal) is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Trøndelag, Innlandet, and Vestland. The county administration is located in the town of Molde, while Ålesund is the largest town. The county is governed by the Møre og Romsdal County Municipality which includes an elected county council and a county mayor. The national government is represented by the county governor.
Amir Reza Khadem
Amir Reza Khadem Azghadi (Persian: امیررضا خادم ازغدی, born 10 February 1970) is an Iranian wrestler who won Olympic bronze medals in 1992 and 1996. He finished fourth at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and he won the 1991 World Championships, He also won a bronze medal at the 1990 World Championships and the 1992 and 1993 Asian Championships and a silver medal at the 1991 Asian Championships and the 1994 Asian Games.

He was trained by his father Mohammad Khadem. His younger brother Rasoul Khadem is also a world champion and an Olympic gold medalist in freestyle wrestling.

He is currently Vice Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports in Legal, Parliamentary and Provincial Affairs, has been appointed for the position on 30 December 2013.

On 31 January 2026, Khadem took to his Instagram and called on the authorities to release athletes and artists who were imprisoned during the 2025–2026 Iranian protests, as well as all Iranians who were arrested for protesting.

Ministry of Sport and Youth (Iran)
The Ministry of Sport and Youth (Persian: وزارت ورزش و جوانان جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Vezârat-è Varzeš-o javânân-è Jomhuri-è Eslâmi-ye Irân) is the government ministry of youth affairs and sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It was founded in 2010 after the Physical Education Organization was dissolved.
I Hear You Calling Me
"I Hear You Calling Me" is a British popular song published in London in 1908 by Boosey & Co. The lyrics were by Harold Lake (a journalist writing as Harold Harford) and the music by Charles Marshall (1857-1957). The song became a signature song for the tenor John McCormack.

Boosey & Hawkes
Boosey & Hawkes is a British music publisher, purported to be the largest specialist classical music publisher in the world. Until 2003, it was also a major manufacturer of brass, string and woodwind musical instruments.

Formed in 1930 through the merger of two well-established British music businesses, Boosey & Hawkes controls the copyright to much major 20th-century music, including works by Leonard Bernstein, Benjamin Britten, Aaron Copland, Sergei Prokofiev, and Igor Stravinsky. It also publishes many prominent contemporary composers, including John Adams, Karl Jenkins, James MacMillan, Mark-Anthony Turnage, and Steve Reich.

With subsidiaries in Berlin and New York, the company also sells sheet music via its online shop.
Jura Dolois Football
Jura Dolois Football (French pronunciation: [ʒyʁa dɔlus]; commonly referred to as Jura Dolois) is a French football club based in Dole in the Franche-Comté region. The club was founded in 1991 under the name Dole-Tavaux Racing Club following the merger of local clubs FC Dole, which was formed in 1907, and US Tavaux-Damparis, which was formed in 1932. The club adopted its current name in 2006 and receiving backing and support from the commune Dole and its surrounding areas. Jura Dolois share a partnership with nearby professional club Dijon FCO. The club currently plays in the Championnat National 3, the fifth division of French football, after achieving promotion from the Division d'Honneur most recently in the 2016–17 season.

Partnership
A partnership is an agreement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission and to amplify their reach. A partnership may result in issuing and holding equity or may be only governed by a contract.
Zou Yixin
Zou Yixin or Chou Yi-Hsin (1911–1997) was a Chinese astronomer, who has been called "the first female astronomer in China"., she graduated from zhongshan (sun yat‐sen ) university, department of astronomy and practiced in observatory in Japan 2 years later in 1935, and took part in Japan on a total eclipse observation and was teaching staff in sun yat‐sen university, and the observatory director.

From 1948 to 1949, she studied and worked in British Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Edinburgh observatory and solar physics observatory. And then, during 1951 she was a science researcher at the Purple Mountain Observatory, and from 1957 to 1958, she studied in the general observatory of Soviet union and at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory in 1958, where she was a director of the latitude station of Beijing Observatory.

Beijing Astronomical Observatory
Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO) is an observatory in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It was founded in 1958 and is part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The observatory comprises 5 observing stations. The principal observing site for optical and infrared is Xinglong Station in Xinglong County, Chengde, Hebei Province, which is around 150 kilometres northeast of Beijing.
Elizabeth Wetmore (novelist)
Elizabeth Wetmore (born 1967/68) is an American novelist, notable for her debut 2020 novel Valentine, which she published at the age of 52 and which made it to The New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list.

Wetmore was born in Odessa, Texas. She left Texas at the age of 18 and never returned to live there. She graduated from Iowa Writers' Workshop and eventually moved to Chicago. Before Valentine, she published short stories in various literary magazines. She names, among others, Cormac McCarthy, Paulette Jiles, and Marilynne Robinson as literary influences.

Valentine is set in Texas in 1976. It was translated to Dutch (by Anne Jongeling),  Polish (by Hanna Pasierska) and Russian (by Viktor Golyshev).

Wetmore is married to the poet Jorge Sanchez and has a son.

Iowa Writers' Workshop
The Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa, is a graduate-level creative writing program. At 90 years, it is the oldest writing program offering a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in the United States. Its acceptance rate is between 2.7% and 3.7%. On the university's behalf, the workshop administers the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism and the Iowa Short Fiction Award.

The workshop's director is the writer Lan Samantha Chang, under whom its endowment has grown from $2.6 million to $12.5 million.
Claire Harman (actress)
Claire Harman is a British actress and narrator, known for narrating the ITV series Dickinson's Real Deal. She also portrayed the lead role in the Brookside DVD Unfinished Business. She has also had a starring role in the second series of Sky TV's Is Harry on the Boat. Harman's other TV credits include Casualty, Doctors, Merseybeat and Coronation Street. Her film credits include About a Boy and Last Orders.

Dickinson's Real Deal
Dickinson's Real Deal is a British modern antiques and collectables television programme is broadcast on ITV as part of the afternoon schedule. It is presented by David Dickinson. A US version of the show, produced by Zodiak USA and titled simply Real Deal, was aired for one series on the History Channel. The format was the same except that the US show lacked the on-screen host for intervention on the deals.
Athena Promachos
The Athena Promachos (Ἀθηνᾶ Πρόμαχος, "Athena who fights in the front line") was a colossal bronze statue of Athena sculpted by Phidias, which stood between the Propylaea and the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens. Athena was the tutelary deity of Athens and the goddess of wisdom and warriors. Pheidias also sculpted two other figures of Athena on the Acropolis, the huge gold and ivory ("chryselephantine") cult image of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon and the Lemnian Athena.

The designation Athena Promachos is not attested before a dedicatory inscription of the early fourth century CE; Pausanias (1.28.2) referred to it as "the great bronze Athena" on the Acropolis.

Acropolis
An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense. The term is typically used to refer to the Acropolis of Athens, yet nearly every Greek city had an acropolis of its own. Acropolises were used as religious centers and places of worship, forts, and places in which the royal and high-status resided. Acropolises became the nuclei of large cities of classical ancient times, and served as important centers of a community. Some well-known acropolises have become the centers of tourism in the present day, and they are a rich source of archaeological information of ancient Greece, especially, the Acropolis of Athens.
Love Is All You Need? (2016 film)
Love Is All You Need?  is a 2016 American drama film directed by K. Rocco Shields, who adapted the film from a screenplay she co-wrote with David Tillman. It stars Briana Evigan, Tyler Blackburn, Emily Osment, Ana Ortiz, Jenica Bergere, Katherine LaNasa, Leonard Roberts, Paul Ben-Victor, Elisabeth Röhm, and Jeremy Sisto. On January 27, 2016, the first trailer for the movie was released. Lexi DiBenedetto, star of the 2011 short the film is based on, reprises her role of Ashley. The film was released on iTunes on November 24, 2016.

Lexi DiBenedetto
Lexi Capriana DiBenedetto is an American actress. She is best known for playing Prudence in Knight Squad and Lori Loud in the Nickelodeon comedy television series The Really Loud House as well as its two films A Loud House Christmas and A Really Haunted Loud House.
Kristiine Lill
Kristiine Lill (born 1 February 1971) is an Estonian curler and curling coach.

At the national level, she is an eight-time Estonian women's champion curler (2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016), a three-time Estonian mixed champion curler (2005, 2007, 2016) and a four-time Estonian mixed doubles champion curler (2008, 2009, 2011, 2012).

Estonian Mixed Curling Championship
The Estonian Mixed Curling Championship (Estonian: Eesti meistrivõistlused segavõistkondade kurlingus) is the national championship of men's mixed curling teams in Estonia. It has been held annually since the 2003–2004 season to 2016–2017, and is organized by the Estonian Curling Association.
Monardella
Monardella is a genus of approximately 40 species of annual and perennial plants native to western North America from British Columbia to northwestern Mexico. They are grown for their highly aromatic foliage, which in some species is used for herbal teas. The two-lipped, tubular flowers are formed in terminal clusters and are most usually red, pink, or purple.

Monardella is a Latin diminutive form of Monarda (a taxonomic patronym honoring the Spanish botanist Nicolás Monardes), which the form of the flower heads resembles.  Plants in this genus are commonly known as wildmints, coyote mints or monardellas.

Nicolás Monardes
Nicolás Bautista Monardes (1493 – 10 October 1588) was a Spanish physician and botanist.

Monardes published several books of varying importance. In Diálogo llamado pharmacodilosis (1536), he examines humanism and suggests studying several classical authors, principally Pedanius Dioscorides.

He discusses the importance of Greek and Arab medicine in De Secanda Vena in pleuriti Inter Grecos et Arabes Concordia (1539).

De Rosa et partibus eius (1540) is about roses and citrus fruits. It is known that Monardes also believed that tobacco smoke was an infallible panacea.

Monardes' most significant and well known work was Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, published in three parts under varying titles (in 1565, 1569 and completed in 1574; unchanged reprint in 1580). This was translated into Latin by Charles de l'Écluse and into English by John Frampton with the title "Joyfull Newes out of the newfound world".
Acacesium
Acacesium or Akakesion (Ancient Greek: Ἀκακήσιον), was a town of ancient Arcadia in the district of Parrhasia, at the foot of a hill of the same name, and 36 stadia on the road from Megalopolis to Phigalea. It is said to have been founded by Acacus, son of Lycaon; and according to some traditions, Hermes was brought up at this place by Acacus, and hence derived the surname of Acacesius. Upon the hill there was a statue in stone, in the time of Pausanias, of Hermes Acacesius; and four stadia from the town was a celebrated temple of Despoena. This temple probably stood on the hill, on which are now the remains of the church of St Elias.

Its site is located near modern Daseiai.

Megalopolis, Greece
Megalopoli (Greek: Μεγαλόπολη, Megalopoli) is a town in the southwestern part of the regional unit of Arcadia, southern Greece. It is located on the same site as ancient Megalopolis (Ancient Greek: Μεγαλόπολις, romanized: Megalópolis, lit. 'large/great city'). When it was founded in 371 BC, it was the first large urbanization in rustic Arcadia. Its theatre had a capacity of 20,000 visitors, making it one of the largest ancient Greek theatres.

Today, Megalopoli has several schools, shops, churches, hotels and other services. The population of Megalopoli in 2021 was 5,344 residents.
Károly Kós
Károly Kós (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkaːroj ˈkoːʃ], born Károly Kosch; 16 December 1883 – 25 August 1977) was a Hungarian architect, writer, illustrator, ethnologist and politician of Austria-Hungary and Romania.

Zebegény
Zebegény is a picturesque historic village in Pest county, Hungary.
It is located 60 km north of Budapest in the Danube Bend, next to the Duna-Ipoly National Park.  It is a favourite destination for tourists, who love the quiet and the fresh air. Due to its nice beaches, mountains, and forests, the village was nicknamed "The marble of the Danube Bend".
MV Don Carlos
A number of ships have been named Don Carlos.

MV Don Carlos (1975), Finnish car carrier

MV Don Carlos, formerly New Zealand sealift ship HMNZS Charles Upham, operated by Spanish company Contenemar SA between 1998 and 2009

CMA CGM Done Carlos, 2006 post Panamax containership operated by CMA CGM

CMA CGM
Compagnie maritime d'affrètement - Compagnie générale maritime, commonly known as CMA CGM is a French shipping and logistics company founded in 1978 by Jacques Saadé. The name is an acronym derived from its  two predecessor companies, Compagnie Maritime d'Affrètement (CMA) and Compagnie Générale Maritime (CGM), which translate to "Maritime Freighting Company" and "General Maritime Company", respectively.

Headquartered at the CMA CGM Tower in Marseille, France, the group is the third-largest container shipping company in the world. For the 2024 fiscal year, the company reported an annual revenue of US$55.48 billion.

CMA CGM operations include shipping, port operation, supply chain management, and warehousing. The company has a presence in 160 countries with 400 offices, 750 warehouses, 155,000 employees, and a fleet of 593 vessels. CMA CGM serves 420 of the world's 521 commercial ports and operates 257 shipping lines.
I Light Marina Bay
i Light Singapore (Chinese: 照亮滨海湾) is a sustainable light art festival held in the Marina Bay, Singapore. The festival is organised and presented by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA).

i Light Marina Bay was first held in 2010 and the festival was officiated by Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Teo Chee Hean on October 15, 2010. Following its success, a second edition was held in 2012 and a third edition was held in 2014. The 2016 festival, themed "In Praise of Shadows" (named after an essay by Junichiro Tanizaki), takes place from 4 to 27 March. The event now takes place annually.

The 'i' in the name is said to allude to the festival's innovative content, the intelligent use of lighting as well as its international line-up of creative talent.

In 2019, the festival was renamed i Light Singapore as an anchor event to commemorate the Singapore Bicentennial.

Ministry of Defence (Singapore)
The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF; Malay: Kementerian Pertahanan; Chinese: 新加坡國防部; Tamil: தற்காப்பு அமைச்சு) is a ministry under the Government of Singapore responsible for overseeing the national defence of Singapore.