hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bulgarian order of battle in the First Balkan War
The following is the Bulgarian order of battle at the beginning of the second phase of the First Balkan War as of January 21, 1913.  This order of battle includes all combat units, including engineer and artillery units, but not medical, supply, signal and border guard units.

Military supply-chain management
Military supply-chain management is a cross-functional approach to procuring, producing and delivering products and services for military materiel applications. Military supply chain management includes sub-suppliers, suppliers, internal information and funds flow.
Al Kindi Plaza
Al-Kindi Plaza (Arabic: ساحة الكندي, lit. 'Al-Kindi Square'), or Al-Kindi Square, is a multipurpose market square in Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located next to the Cultural Palace. Completed in 1986, it is named after the 9th century Arab philosopher and polymath Abu Yusuf al-Kindi. It contains the Hayy Assafarat Grand Mosque, a library, garden, courtyard and the offices of the Royal Commission for Riyadh City and the MiSK Foundation.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Banco de Comércio e Indústria
Banco de Comércio e Indústria is a bank in Angola. The bank was created on 11 July 1991 by government decree No. 08-A/91. The CEO is Filomeno Costa Alegre Alves de Ceita.

The primary shareholder is the government with 91% of the shares. Other shareholders are nine public enterprises, Angola Telecom, ENSA - Seguros de Angola, CERVAL, Sonangol, Endiama, TCUL, Porto de Luanda and TAAG with 1.1% of the shares each, and Bolama with 0.2%.

Sonangol Group
Group Sonangol (Portuguese: Grupo Sonangol) is a parastatal that formerly oversaw petroleum and natural gas production in Angola. The group consisted of Sonangol E.P. (Portuguese: Sociedade Nacional de Combustíveis de Angola, E.P.) and its many subsidiaries. The subsidiaries generally had Sonangol E.P. as a primary client, along with other corporate, commercial, and individual clients. In 2023, Sonangol produced 202,000 barrels of oil with an income of US$ 10.9 billion.
Neyestan, Yazd
Neyestan (Persian: نيستان, also Romanized as Neyestān and Neyastān; also known as Negestūn) is a village in Fathabad Rural District, in the Central District of Khatam County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 13 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Clarence Palm
Robert Clarence Palm (October 27, 1907 – April 21, 1969), nicknamed "Spoony", was an American Negro league catcher who played for several teams between 1927 and 1946.

A native of Georgetown, Texas, Palm played a key role on the St. Louis Stars' 1928 Negro National League championship team. He died in New York, New York in 1969 at age 61.

Negro National League (1920–1931)
The first Negro National League (NNL I) was one of the several Negro leagues that were established during the period in the United States when organized baseball was segregated. The league was formed in 1920 with former player Rube Foster as its president.
Abdul Qadir Ludhianvi
Maulana Shah Abdul Qadir Ludhianvi (died 1860) was among the first Great Ulama of Islam to lead a rebellion in eastern Punjab, in Ludhiana, against the British East India Company in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He was among the brave leaders who participated in the war with Bahadur Shah Zafar.

Mawlānā
Mawlana (/mɔːˈlɑːnə/; from Persian, Arabic: مولانا), also spelled as Molana or Maulana, is a title, mostly in South Asia, preceding the name of respected Muslim religious leaders, in particular graduates of religious institutions, e.g. a madrassa or a darul uloom, or scholars who have studied under other Islamic scholars.
Dieringer School
The Dieringer School buildings are the last remaining group associated with the Dieringer community. Constructed in 1921 and 1928 by Tacoma architect Emanuel J. Bresemann. As the community of Norwood, established on May 5, 1888, with Joseph C. Dieringer, its first postmaster. Dieringer, had a restaurant in Tacoma, before he moved to the Stuck River Valley in the 1880s. Dr. Charles H. Spinning, had been a physician in the 1860s at the Cushman Indian Agency on the Puyallup Reservation, provided the land for the Dieringer School. In 1892, the post office name was changed from Norwood to Dieringer to honor its first postmaster.

Sumner, Washington
Sumner is a city in northern Pierce County, Washington, United States. The population was 10,621 at the 2020 census. Nearby cities include Puyallup to the west, Auburn to the north, and Bonney Lake to the east.
Tadekho Hill
Tadekho Hill is an isolated hill in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located 64 km (40 mi) southwest of Tatogga and 10 km (6 mi) southwest of Kitsu Peak. It lies at the southwestern end of Mount Edziza Provincial Park.

Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall under the category of slope landforms.
Muhammad Khalil Abdul Hadi
Muhammad Khalil bin Abdul Hadi is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) state administration under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar since August 2023 as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Batu Buruk since May 2018. He served as the Deputy EXCO Member under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri and Member Tengku Hassan Tengku Omar from May 2018 to his promotion to EXCO Member in August 2023. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the PN coalition. He served as the Youth Chief of PAS from April 2017 to June 2019. He is also the son of Abdul Hadi Awang, the President of PAS and Member of Parliament (MP) for Marang.

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
The Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu. It consists of 32 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are customarily held alongside elections to the federal parliament during a general election.

The State Assembly convenes at the Wisma Darul Iman in the state capital, Kuala Terengganu.

All 32 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election, effectively making it a one-party state. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 27 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a supermajority in the assembly.
Woleń
Woleń [ˈvɔlɛɲ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Błaszki, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Błaszki, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 72 km (45 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Creative pedagogy
Creative Pedagogy is the science and art of creative teaching. It is a sub-field of Pedagogy, opposed to Critical pedagogy (just as creative thinking for example in Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking is opposed to critical thinking). "In its essence, creative pedagogy teaches learners how to learn creatively and become creators of themselves and creators of their future."

Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, formerly the Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking, is a test of creativity built on J. P. Guilford's work and created by Ellis Paul Torrance. The Torrance Tests originally involved simple tests of divergent thinking and other problem-solving skills, which were scored on four scales:

Fluency - the total number of interpretable, meaningful, and relevant ideas generated in response to the stimulus,

Flexibility - the number of different categories of relevant responses,

Originality - the statistical rarity of the responses, and

Elaboration - the amount of detail in the responses.
A. Chandrasekaran
A. Chandrasekaran is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress (Indira) candidate from Sholavandan constituency in 1980 election, and as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1984 elections.

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on 24 December 1984. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election and its general secretary, incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and M.G.R's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity. This is the last election M.G.R contested as he died in office in 1987. This is also the only general election which M. Karunanidhi did not contest since 1957 until his death, as he sought to avoid a direct, disadvantageous contest due to a volatile political climate. As now, this is the last election where the ruling party gained seats.
Pratesi
Pratesi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franco Pratesi (born 1940), Italian scientist and games historian

Fulco Pratesi (1934–2025), Italian environmentalist, journalist and politician

Ottavio Pratesi (1889–1977), Italian racing cyclist

Fulco Pratesi
Fulco Pratesi (6 September 1934 – 1 March 2025) was an Italian environmentalist, journalist and politician who founded the World Wide Fund for Nature in Italy in 1966, and served as a Deputy in the nineties.
Jasper Frahm
Jasper Frahm (born 7 March 1996) is a German road and track cyclist, who currently rides for German amateur team Berliner TSC. Representing Germany at international competitions, Frahm competed at the 2016 UEC European Track Championships in the team pursuit.

2016 UEC European Track Championships
The 2016 UEC European Track Championships was the seventh edition of the elite UEC European Track Championships in track cycling and took place at the Velodrome de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France, between 19 and 23 October. The event was organised by the European Cycling Union. All European champions were awarded the UEC European Champion jersey which may be worn by the champion throughout the year when competing in the same event at other competitions.

The 10 Olympic events (sprint, team sprint, team pursuit, keirin and omnium for men and women), as well as 12 other events were on the program for these European Championships. For the first time ever, the Madison was on the program for women.
Conogethes pinicolalis
Conogethes pinicolalis is a moth in the diverse subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue and Hiroshi Yamanaka in 2006, and is found in East and Southeast Asia, with records from Japan, Korea, China (Guangdong), Taiwan and Thailand.

In Japan, the caterpillars have been recorded to feed on a range of conifers, such as Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus strobus, Pinus parviflora, Picea jezoensis, Tsuga sieboldii, Larix kaempferi, Abies sachalinensis, Abies firma, Cedrus deodara, Cedrus atlantica and Cedrus libani.

Cedrus libani
Cedrus libani, commonly known as cedar of Lebanon, Lebanon cedar, or Lebanese cedar (Arabic: أرز لبناني, romanized: ʾarz lubnāniyy), is a species of large evergreen conifer in the genus Cedrus, which belongs to the pine family and is native to the mountains of the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Known for its longevity, height, and durable wood, it has held profound significance for millennia. The tree features in ancient Mesopotamian and Israelite literature, notably in the Hebrew Bible, according to which the tree was used in the construction of the Jerusalem Temple by Solomon, who received the trees from Hiram of Tyre. Today, it is the national emblem of Lebanon and is widely used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens.
Treaty of El Pardo (1728)
The Treaty of El Pardo (or Convention of El Pardo) was concluded between Great Britain and Spain in March 1728 at the El Pardo Palace in Madrid.

It effectively brought an end to the Anglo-Spanish War (1727) by sorting out the main points of dispute between the two states although a subsequent Congress of Soissons and a Treaty of Seville would build on them. The British aim was to make peace with Spain before it joined a potential alliance with Austria. However, the terms, agreed by the British Ambassador in Madrid, Benjamin Keene were considered too lenient by his superiors in London, and they were repudiated leading to the later discussions at Soissons, which lasted nearly a year.

Despite the efforts of diplomats, a fresh war would break out between Britain and Spain in 1739, little more than a decade later.

Soissons
Soissons (French pronunciation: [swasɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France. Located on the river Aisne, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Paris, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. Soissons is also the see of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese, whose establishment dates from about 300, and it was the location of a number of church synods called "Council of Soissons".
Emmon Bach
Emmon Bach (12 June 1929 – 28 November 2014) was an American linguist. He was Professor Emeritus at the Department of Linguistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Professorial Research Associate at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), part of the University of London. He was born in Kumamoto, Japan.

His interests included syntax, phonology, the languages of British Columbia (especially Haisla), problems of tense and aspect in semantics, and formal problems and semantic issues in the morphology of polysynthetic languages. In November 2014, he died in Oxford.

Linguistic Society of America
The Linguistic Society of America (LSA) is a learned society for the field of linguistics. Founded in New York City in 1924, the LSA works to promote the scientific study of language. The society publishes three scholarly journals: Language, the open access journal Semantics and Pragmatics, and the open access journal Phonological Data & Analysis. Its annual meetings, held every winter, foster discussion amongst its members through the presentation of peer-reviewed research, as well as conducting official business of the society. Since 1928, the LSA has offered training to linguists through courses held at its biennial Linguistic Institutes held in the summer. The LSA and its 3,600 members work to raise awareness of linguistic issues with the public and contribute to policy debates on issues including bilingual education and the preservation of endangered languages.
Robinson 2010
Robinson 2010 is the thirteenth season of the Swedish version of Survivor, and premiered on TV4 on 7 October 2010. Paolo Roberto returned as host for this season.

The filming took place between 23 May and June 2010 in the Philippines. The very first received applications from the channel's website were lost, due to an error in the form. In this season, Paolo Roberto handpicked the contestants in the final process of the casting in order to minimize drop-outs during the season.

Unlike previous seasons, this season did not feature a jury vote to decide the winner. Instead, there was a final challenge in which Erik Svedberg won against Heléne Ekelund.

Survivor (franchise)
Survivor is a reality-competition television franchise produced globally. The show features a group of contestants deliberately marooned in an isolated location, where they must provide basic survival necessities for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only one remains to be awarded the grand prize and named the "Sole Survivor".

The British television producer Charlie Parsons developed the format for Survivor in 1992 for Planet 24, a United Kingdom television production company; the Swedish version, which debuted in September 1997 as Expedition Robinson, became the first Survivor series to be broadcast on television. Since its launch in 2000, the flagship American version of Survivor has aired 49 seasons of the show. The 50th season, commemorating the show's 25th anniversary, began airing February 2026.
Buen
Buen is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anders Buen (1864–1933), Norwegian typographer, newspaper editor, trade unionist, and politician

Hauk Buen (1933–2021), Norwegian hardingfele fiddler and fiddle maker

Kari Buen (1938–2025), Norwegian sculptor

Knut Buen (born 1948), Norwegian fiddler, composer, folklorist, and publisher

Anders Buen
Anders Johnsen Buen (24 February 1864 – 17 July 1933) was a Norwegian typographer, newspaper editor, trade unionist and politician. He belonged to the Norwegian Labour Party from the start, being party secretary as well as editor of the party organs Social-Demokraten and Ny Tid, but politically he was described as a "reformist pragmatic", and was thus a member of the breakaway Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway from 1921 to 1927.
Tierra del Sol Salina
Tierra del Sol Salina is a 1 ha natural saliña, surrounded by desert scrub vegetation, lying within the golf-course of the Tierra del Sol Resort, Spa & Country Club at the northwestern end of Aruba, a constituent island nation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Dutch Caribbean. It periodically contains water, and has a natural flow to the sea. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International as a breeding site for great and snowy egrets, American coots and white-cheeked pintails when it contains water, as well as serving as a roost site for roseate and Sandwich terns, and black skimmers. It is also used during the spring and autumn migration seasons by waders while the surrounding vegetation supports neotropical passerines, especially warblers. Bare-eyed pigeons are resident.

Dutch Caribbean
The Dutch Caribbean (historically known as the Dutch West Indies) are the New World territories, colonies, and countries (former and current) of the Dutch colonial empire and the Kingdom of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean Sea, mainly the northern and southwestern regions of the Lesser Antilles archipelago.

The Dutch Caribbean comprises the constituent countries of Curaçao, Aruba and Sint Maarten (the 'CAS' islands) and the special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (BES islands). The term "Dutch Caribbean" is sometimes also used for the Caribbean Netherlands, an entity consisting of the three special municipalities forming part of the constituent country of the Netherlands since 2010. The population of the Dutch Caribbean is 337,617 as of January 2019.
Luca Kleve-Ruud
Luca Kleve-Ruud (born 27 April 1978 in Pescara, Italy) is a Norwegian press photographer, based in Oslo.

Kleve-Ruud studied photojournalism at Høgskolen i Oslo. 
He is currently working for Dagens Næringsliv, Save the Children, and Samfoto/Scanpix, but has done several assignments for Red Cross, Amnesty and others. And was both freelance and staff photographer at Dagsavisen from 2006 to 2011. His pictures are featured in many magazines, newspapers and books.

Oslo University College
Oslo University College (Norwegian: Høgskolen i Oslo; HiO) was the largest state university college in Norway from 1994 to 2011, with more than 18,000 students and approximately 1800 employees. Oslo University College merged with Akershus University College to form Oslo and Akershus University College in 2011, and this institution became Oslo Metropolitan University in 2018.

OUC was established on 1 August 1994 when the Norwegian college system was restructured and 18 smaller colleges in the Oslo area merged. From the 2000s most of the school was located in the city centre of Oslo along Pilestredet street. The main campus was the previous Frydenlund Brewery near Bislett stadium. OUC offered the broadest portfolio of professional studies available in Norway. The language of instruction was Norwegian.
Guildford Rugby
Guildford Rugby Club is a rugby union team that was formed in 2003 following the merger of the adult sections of Old Guildfordians RFC and Guildford & Godalming RFC. The club is based at Broadwater, which is in Farncombe, Surrey. They are currently competing in Regional 2 South East – the sixth tier of the English rugby union system.

Farncombe
Farncombe, historically Fernecome, is a village and peripheral settlement of Godalming in Waverley, Surrey, England and is approximately 0.8 miles (1.3 km) north-east of the Godalming centre, separated by common land known as the Lammas Lands. The village of Compton lies 1.8 miles (3 km) to the northwest and Bramley 2 miles (3 km) to the east; whilst Charterhouse School is to the west. Loseley Park, in the hamlet of Littleton, lies 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the village.
Erdington Abbey
Erdington Abbey Church (grid reference SP112922) on Sutton Road, Erdington, Birmingham, England, is the more usual name of the grade II listed church of Saints Thomas and Edmund of Canterbury. It is the church of a Roman Catholic parish in the Archdiocese of Birmingham served by the Redemptorists. The abbey itself was the adjacent building, now Highclare School.

Archdiocese of Birmingham
The Archdiocese of Birmingham is one of the principal Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in England and Wales. The archdiocese covers an area of 3,373 square miles (8,740 km2), encompassing Staffordshire, the West Midlands, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and much of Oxfordshire as well as Caversham in Berkshire. The metropolitan see is in the City of Birmingham at the Metropolitan Cathedral Church of Saint Chad. The metropolitan province includes the suffragan dioceses of Clifton and Shrewsbury.

The archbishop is Bernard Longley, who was named the ninth Archbishop of Birmingham on 1 October 2009. He succeeds the Archbishop of Westminster, Cardinal Vincent Nichols (2000–09). Longley was installed as Archbishop of Birmingham at the Metropolitan Cathedral and Basilica of Saint Chad on 8 December 2009, the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception and one of the patronal feasts of the archdiocese, St Chad being the other.