hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerald Penn (immunologist)
Gerald Penn is a clinical immunologist, and a pioneer in the field of clinical immunoelectrophoresis. He was a student of Henry Kunkel at Rockefeller University from 1968 to 1970, and holds both an M.D. and Ph.D. from the Ohio State University. His research also includes one of the earliest studies on the negative effects of naturally occurring stressors on the response of the human immune system. He is a clinical associate professor of pathology at the Ohio State University.

Immunoelectrophoresis
Immunoelectrophoresis is a general name for a number of biochemical methods for separation and characterization of proteins based on electrophoresis and reaction with antibodies. All variants of immunoelectrophoresis require immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, reacting with the proteins to be separated or characterized. The methods were developed and used extensively during the second half of the 20th century. In somewhat chronological order: Immunoelectrophoretic analysis (one-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis ad modum Grabar), crossed immunoelectrophoresis (two-dimensional quantitative immunoelectrophoresis ad modum Clarke and Freeman or ad modum Laurell), rocket-immunoelectrophoresis (one-dimensional quantitative immunoelectrophoresis ad modum Laurell), fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis ad modum Svendsen and Harboe, affinity immunoelectrophoresis ad modum Bøg-Hansen.
Orford, Tasmania
Orford is a seaside village located on the east coast of Tasmania, Australia, approximately 73 kilometres (45 mi) north-east of the state-capital of Hobart. Situated on Paredarerme pungenna country, and nestled around the mouth of the Prosser River, the village sits on the southern edge of Prosser Bay, with the Mercury Passage stretching out beyond the bay’s waters. At the 2021 census, Orford had a population of 685, though the population swells significantly during holiday periods.

Orford is serviced by one supermarket, three cafes and eateries, a hotel and other accommodation, police and fire brigade, a primary school, and a library.

Fire department
A fire department (North American English) or fire brigade (Commonwealth English), also known as a fire company, fire authority, fire district, fire and rescue, fire force, or fire service in some areas, is an organization that provides fire prevention and fire suppression services as well as other rescue services.

Fire departments are most commonly a public sector organization that operate within a municipality, county, state, nation, or special district. Private and specialist firefighting organizations also exist, such as those for aircraft rescue and firefighting.

A fire department contains one or more fire stations within its boundaries, and may be staffed by firefighters, who may be professional, volunteers, conscripts, or on-call. Combination fire departments employ a mix of professional and volunteer firefighters. In some countries, fire departments may also run an ambulance service, staffed by volunteer or professional EMS personnel.
I Didn't Fall in Love with Your Hair
"I Didn't Fall in Love with Your Hair" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Brett Kissel for his sixth studio album, Pick Me Up (2015). It was written by Rachel Bradshaw, Kyle Jacobs, and Billy Montana and features guest vocals by Canadian country singer Carolyn Dawn Johnson. The song was released to radio on September 9, 2016, as the album's fourth single.

Kissel debuted the song at the 2016 Canadian Country Music Association Awards ceremony on September 11, 2016. The single was released in collaboration with philanthropist W. Brett Wilson for Cancer Awareness Month, with proceeds from sales of the song between September 9 and October 28, 2016, being donated to the Canadian Cancer Society and being matching by Wilson.

"I Didn't Fall in Love with Your Hair" debuted at number 42 on the Canada Country airplay chart dated October 1, 2016. It peaked at number 16 in November 2016, making it Kissel's lowest-charting country single to date and first to miss the top ten.

W. Brett Wilson
William Brett Wilson CM SOM (born July 1, 1957) is a Canadian investment banker, businessman, and investor. He was a season 3, 4 & 5 panellist on CBC Television's Dragons' Den. He has attracted widespread attention and media coverage for his controversial public statements, particularly on social media.
Hamburg-America Shipping Line Administrative Offices
The Hamburg-America Shipping Line Administrative Offices, also known as United States District Courts Building, in Charlotte Amalie in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, was built in 1914.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

It was built for the Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt Aktien Gesellschaft and held offices for the Superintendent Counsul and also for the Imperial German Consulate.  The German connection was lost when the U.S. purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark just prior to joining World War I against Germany.

It is a two-story reinforced concrete building about 82 by 75 feet (25 m × 23 m) in plan, with eight bays on its east and west facades and six on its south facade.

Designed by German architect Fritz Klein, it is one of the United States' earlier examples of Modern architecture.

In 1978 it housed the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, the U.S. Marshal Service, and the U.S. District Court.

Fritz Klein
Fritz Klein (24 November 1888 – 13 December 1945) was a Romanian-German Nazi doctor and war criminal, hanged for his role in atrocities at Auschwitz concentration camp and Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during the Holocaust.
Astronomische Vereinigung Kärntens
The Carinthian Astronomical Association (CAA – German: Astronomische Vereinigung Kärntens, AVK) Is the second great astronomical association in Austria. The CAA owns two observatories and one planetarium. One observatory is located near Klagenfurt, on the Kreuzbergl, the other on the Gerlitze, near Villach. The planetarium is situated at Klagenfurt near Minimundus.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Augusto Vittorio Vecchi
Augusto Vittorio Vècchi (22 December 1842, Marseille – 6 September 1932, Forte dei Marmi), known under the pseudonym Jack La Bolina, was an officer in the Regia Marina (Italian navy) and a writer on maritime subjects. He has been called "the Italian Captain Marryat".

Forte dei Marmi
Forte dei Marmi (Italian: [ˈfɔrte dei ˈmarmi]) is an Italian sea town and comune located in the province of Lucca, in northern Tuscany, overlooking the Ligurian Sea (formerly Tyrrhenian Sea).

Tourism is the principal activity of Forte dei Marmi's citizens. The population of the town, amounting to 6,613 nearly triples during the summer, because of the hundreds of tourists who mainly come from Florence, Milan, Germany, and Russia.  Forte dei Marmi is one of the major destinations which continue to attract the Italian upper class.

The city contains a gate built in a former bog, a historical artifact that relates to strategic planning by the ancient Roman army.
Stefon Jackson
Stefon Jackson (born May 7, 1985) is an American former professional basketball player. He is 6'5" tall and played shooting guard. While playing college basketball at UTEP between 2005 and 2009, Jackson scored a Conference USA-record 2,456 points (since broken by Marshall's Jon Elmore).

UTEP Miners men's basketball
The UTEP Miners men's basketball team plays for the University of Texas at El Paso in El Paso, Texas. The team is an NCAA Division I men's college basketball team competing in the Conference USA. Home games are played at Don Haskins Center.
Anton Schweitzer
Anton Schweitzer (6 June 1735 in Coburg – 23 November 1787 in Gotha) was a German composer of operas, who was affiliated with Abel Seyler's theatrical company.

He was a child prodigy who obtained the patronage of the duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, who sent him to study with Jakob Friedrich Kleinknecht at the court of Bayreuth in 1758, and then sent him to Italy (1764–66), and made him Kapellmeister. With the dismissal of the court orchestra at Hildburghausen, he was enabled to tour Europe with the Seyler theatrical company from 1769. His most notable work is the opera Alceste (1773), with a German libretto by Christoph Martin Wieland, among the early German-language operas.

Kapellmeister
Kapellmeister (/kəˈpɛlmaɪstər/ kə-PEL-my-stər, US also /kɑːˈ-/ kah-, German: [kaˈpɛlˌmaɪstɐ] ⓘ), from Kapelle ('chapel') and Meister ('master'), literally 'master of the chapel choir', is a word of German origin that designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians. Originally used to refer to somebody in charge of music in a chapel, the term has evolved considerably in its meaning and is today used for denoting the leader of a musical ensemble, often smaller ones used for TV, radio, and theatre.
Hilda Sofie Kindt
Hilda Sofie Kindt (1 December 1881 – 5 October 1966) was a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Conservative Party.

She was born in Trondhjem as a daughter of physician Olaf Berg Kindt (1850–1935) and Henriette Augusta Trampe (1854–1929). Her brother Kristian Sommer Kindt became a chief physician, her sister Anna Karoline married Lieutenant Colonel Jørgen Theodor Tandberg. She finished middle school in 1897 and a trade course in 1899. She was hired at the tax office in Trondhjem in 1908, and was the chief bookkeeper from 1923 to 1942.

She was a member of Trondhjem city council from 1919 to 1925. She was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from the Market towns of Sør-Trøndelag and Nord-Trøndelag counties in 1924, and served through one term, meeting in parliamentary sessions in 1925 and 1927.

She died in October 1966 and was buried at Lade.

Lade Church
Lade Church (Norwegian: Lade Kirke) is one of Norway's oldest existing stone churches. It is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the Lade neighborhood in the city of Trondheim, just southeast of Korsvika and east of Ladehammeren. It is the church for the Lade parish which is part of the Nidaros domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, plastered stone church was built in a long church style around the year 1160. The church seats about 160 people.
USA Today All-USA High School Football Team (1990–1999)
USA Today named its first All-USA High School Football Team in 1982. The newspaper has named a team every year since 1982.

In addition, two members of the team are named the USA Today High School Offensive Player and Defensive Player of the Year, respectively. The newspaper also selects a USA Today High School Football Coach of the Year.

Bruce Rollinson
Bruce Rollinson (born October 13, 1949) is a former high school football coach best known for his 34-year tenure as head coach at Mater Dei High School in Santa Ana, California, where he established the program as one of the nation's top high school football teams, winning multiple CIF Southern Section championships and national titles. Rollinson announced his retirement in November 2022. In 2023, he was inducted into the CIF Southern Section Hall of Fame. He is a Mater Dei alumnus and played college football at the University of Southern California.
Midrash Bet Zilkha
Midrash Bet Zilkha (or Midrash Abu Menashi) was an important Bet Midrash in Baghdad which was renowned among Eastern Jewry from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. Many of the great Babylonian rabbis of modern times arose from its halls, and rabbis from across the Arab world pursued advanced studies there.

Beth midrash
A beth midrash (Hebrew: בית מדרש, "house of learning"; pl.: batei midrash), also beis medrash, bais midrash, or beit midrash, is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall". It is distinct from a synagogue (beth knesseth), although the two are often coextensive. In Yiddish the beth midrash may be referred to as a zal, i.e. "hall". Beis midrash can also refer to a yeshiva gedolah, the undergraduate-level program in Orthodoxy, for boys over 12th grade.

The Arabic term "madrasah" is derived from the same Semitic root, and refers to any type of educational institution. The root דרש means "to seek [knowledge]" and is then generalized to mean "expound".
Tubby Raymond
Harold Rupert "Tubby" Raymond (November 14, 1925 – December 8, 2017) was an American football and baseball player and coach.  He served as the head football coach at the University of Delaware from 1966 to 2001, compiling a record of  300–119–3.  Raymond was also the head baseball coach at the University of Maine from 1952 to 1953 and at Delaware from 1956 to 1964, tallying a career college baseball mark of 164–72–3.  He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2003.

Landenberg, Pennsylvania
Landenberg is an unincorporated community that is located in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is, essentially, a post office address that covers parts of New Garden, London Britain and Franklin Townships.

The White Clay Creek (and preserve) bisects Landenberg, which also falls into two school districts: Avon Grove and Kennett Consolidated.
Phoning Home (book)
Phoning Home is a collection of autobiographical essays by Jacob Appel, published in 2014 by the University of South Carolina Press.  The collection won the New Haven Prize in 2014 and a finalist for the Housatonic Book Award in 2015.

Four of the essays were previously short-listed for The Best American Essays in the years 2007, 2011, 2012, and 2013.  Essays in the collection had earlier been published in Massachusetts Review, Briar Cliff Review, Georgetown Review, Midstream, Tiferet, Southwest Review, Passages North, North Dakota Quarterly, Alligator Juniper, Southeast Review, Kenyon Review, CutBank and Chattahoochee Review.

CutBank
CutBank is a literary journal that is affiliated with the University of Montana's creative writing program. The journal was founded in 1973 with the help of William Kittredge among others. It is the third incarnation of the magazine at the university. The first was founded in 1920 and called the Montanan which was later changed to Frontier. It awards the prestigious Montana Prize in Fiction, Montana Prize in Creative Nonfiction, and Patricia Goedicke Prize in Poetry. It publishes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, reviews, and art, twice a year.

The 2012 Montana Prize in Fiction went to Matt Valentine, while the Montana Prize in Creative Nonfiction went to Daisy Pitkin, and the Patricia Goedicke Prize in Poetry went to Jeff Downey.

Previous contributors to CutBank include Steve Almond, Pam Houston, Jacob M. Appel, and Dara Wier.
George Parsons Trophy
The George Parsons Trophy is awarded annually to the player judged to be the most sportsmanlike at the Memorial Cup tournament. It was first awarded in 1974. The trophy is named for George Parsons, a former Ontario Hockey Association player whose career was ended prematurely in 1939, due to an eye injury in a National Hockey League game. Parsons appeared in the 1933 Memorial Cup as a member of the West Toronto Nationals, and the 1934 Memorial Cup as a member of the Toronto Young Rangers. Parsons later became involved with CCM hockey, helping to develop hockey helmets and facial protection for player safety, that were approved by the Canadian Standards Association and endorsed by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in 1976.

Hockey helmet
A hockey helmet is worn by players of ice hockey, inline hockey, and bandy to help protect the head from potential injury when hit by the puck, sticks, skates, boards, other players, or the ice. The shell of a hockey helmet is generally made of a substance called vinyl nitrile that disperses force from the point of contact, while the liner may be made of either vinyl nitrile foam, expanded polypropylene foam, or other material to absorb the energy, to reduce the chances of concussion. Hockey helmets grip the head from inside by cupping the back of head, or the occipital protuberance. Helmet manufacturers will have a chart that relates their helmet sizes to head measurements. On older models, the helmet size is adjusted by loosening the screws on the side to slide the front portion forward or back.
Poggersdorf
Poggersdorf (Austrian German: [ˈpɔɡɐsdɔrf]; Slovenian: Pokrče; Rosen Valley dialect: Poča ves) is a municipality, since 2013 a so-called Market Municipality (German: Marktgemeinde) in the district of Klagenfurt-Land in the Austrian federal state of Carinthia.

Rosen Valley dialect
The Rosen Valley dialect (Slovene: rožansko narečje, rožanščina) is a Slovene dialect in the Carinthian dialect group. It is spoken in the Rosen Valley (German: Rosental, Slovene: Rož) of Austria, west of a line from Villach to Faak am See and east of a line from Sittersdorf and Lake Klopein to Brückl, excluding the Ebriach dialect area to the southeast. Settlements in the dialect area include Wernberg, Köstenberg, Velden am Wörthersee, Ludmannsdorf, Köttmannsdorf, Viktring, Grafenstein, Tainach, and Rosegg (all north of the Drava River), and Sankt Jakob im Rosental, Feistritz im Rosental, Windisch Bleiberg, Ferlach, Zell, and Gallizien (south of the Drava River).
Ulaan Ovoo coal mine
The Ulaan Ovoo Coal Mine (Mongolian: Улаан Овоо, red mound) is a coal mine located in the Tüshig District of Selenge aimag in northern Mongolia. It is located on the northern shore of the Zelter River a short distance west of the sum center.

The mine has coal reserves amounting to 208.8 million tonnes of brown coal.

Selenge Province
Selenge (Mongolian: Сэлэнгэ) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia, located in the north of the country, directly bordering Russia. It lies in the broad, fertile river basins of the Selenge and Orkhon rivers, which are among Mongolia's most important waterways. The name is derived from the Selenge river. The capital is Sükhbaatar.

The province of Darkhan-Uul, and its capital Darkhan, is an enclave inside Selenge.
Kasiri
Kasiri, also known as kaschiri and cassava beer, is an alcoholic drink made from cassava by Amerindians in Venezuela, Suriname and Guyana.

The roots of the cassava plant are grated, diluted in water, and pressed in a cylindrical basketwork press to extract the juice. The extracted juice is fermented to produce kasiri. In Brazil and Suriname the cassava roots are chewed and expectorated, a process where the amylase enzyme in saliva turns the starch into sugars and start fermentation.

The juice can also be boiled until it becomes a dark viscous syrup called kasripo (cassareep). This syrup has antiseptic properties and is used for flavoring.

Antiseptic
An antiseptic (Greek: ἀντί, romanized: anti, lit. 'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.

Antibacterials include antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria. Microbicides which destroy virus particles are called viricides or antivirals. Antifungals, also known as antimycotics, are pharmaceutical fungicides used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).
Treasure Fever!
Treasure Fever! (La Fievre du Tresor) is the first book of the Schooling Around series by Andy Griffiths. It was published in April 2008 by Pan Macmillan Australia. It was published in French in 2009 by Scholastic .

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Close order formation
A close order formation is a military tactical formation in which soldiers are close together and regularly arranged for the tactical concentration of force. It was used by heavy infantry in ancient warfare, as the basis for shield wall and phalanx tactics, to multiply their effective weight of arms by their weight of numbers. In the Late Middle Ages, Swiss pikemen and German Landsknechts used close order formations that were similar to ancient phalanxes.

Around the American Civil War (1861–1865), such organizations of soldiers became uncommon since improvements in firearms and artillery had made any such dense formation increasingly hazardous and less effective. The technological concentration of increased firepower to fewer soldiers had rendered the close order formation obsolete by the end of the 19th century. Modern infantry now use skirmish order, which is effectively the opposite of close order.

Military tactics
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, mobility, protection or security, and shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the strategic and operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks.
Fisher Mound Group
The Fisher Mound Group is a group of burial mounds with an associated village site located on the DesPlaines River near its convergence with the Kankakee River where they combine to form the Illinois River, in Will County, Illinois, about 60 miles southwest of Chicago. It is a multi-component stratified site representing several Prehistoric Upper Mississippian occupations as well as minor Late Woodland and Early Historic components.

The site contains a total of 12 burial mounds, the main ones being the Big East Mound and the Big West Mound.  Around the mounds are 50 house pits.

Antler
Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family. Antlers are a single structure composed of bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, skin, nerves, and blood vessels. They are generally found only on males, with the exception of reindeer/caribou. Antlers are shed and regrown each year and function primarily as objects of sexual attraction and as weapons.