hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ailín (bishop)
Ailín (also spelled Algune or Alwin) is the seventh alleged Bishop of St Andrews. He is mentioned in the bishop-lists of the 15th-century historians Walter Bower and Andrew of Wyntoun as the successor of Máel Ísu II. We have no direct dates for Ailín's episcopate, but the indirect evidence for his predecessors suggests that he was bishop in the early 11th century. Name occurs in Latin form as Alwinus, the form for the Anglo-Saxon name Ælfwine, although it may be a form for Alpín. A similar name, Alguine, occurs in the Book of Deer, and two Mormaers of Lennox had the name Ailín, similarly rendered as Alwinus.

Walter Bower
Walter Bower (or Bowmaker; c. 1385 – 24 December 1449) was a Scottish canon regular and abbot of Inchcolm Abbey in the Firth of Forth, who is noted as a chronicler of his era. He was born about 1385 at Haddington, East Lothian, in the Kingdom of Scotland. In 1991, Donald Watt said of Bower's Scotichronicon that "We are more and more convinced that this book 
is one of the national treasures of Scotland, which should be studied in depth for many different kinds of enquiry into Scotland's past."
Lake Holiday, Virginia
Lake Holiday is a 249-acre (101 ha) artificial lake located northwest of Winchester in Frederick County, Virginia, United States. The lake flows into Isaacs Creek, an eastward-flowing tributary of Back Creek, which flows north through West Virginia to the Potomac River. The main creeks feeding the lake are Isaacs Creek and Yeiders Run/Miller Run.

Residential development surrounds the lake and forms the Lake Holiday census-designated place (CDP), with a population at the 2010 census of 1,905. It is an unincorporated community subject to a property owners association. The postal address is Cross Junction, which lies 1 mile (1.6 km) to the northeast along U.S. Route 522, and has a ZIP Code of 22625.

Lake Holiday is approximately one mile southeast of the boundary with the western border of Hampshire County, West Virginia. Winchester is 14 miles (23 km) to the southeast via US 522, and Berkeley Springs, West Virginia, is 23 miles (37 km) to the north.

Back Creek (Potomac River tributary)
Back Creek is a 59.5-mile-long (95.8 km) tributary of the Potomac River that flows north from Frederick County, Virginia, to Berkeley County in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. Back Creek originates along Frederick County's border with Hampshire County, West Virginia, at Farmer's Gap in the Great North Mountain. Its name reflects its location to the west of North Mountain. The perspective of colonists from the east in the 18th century led them to call it "Back Creek", because it lay to the back of North Mountain.
Kallnach
Kallnach (French: Chouchignies) is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipality of Golaten merged into the municipality of Kallnach.

Aare
The Aare (Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɛ] ⓘ) or Aar (Swiss Standard German: [aːr] ⓘ) is the main tributary of the High Rhine (its discharge even exceeds that of the latter at their confluence) and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.

Its total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about 295 kilometres (183 mi), during which distance it descends 1,565 m (5,135 ft), draining an area of 17,779 km2 (6,865 sq mi), almost entirely within Switzerland, and accounting for close to half the area of the country, including all of Central Switzerland.

There are more than 40 hydroelectric plants along the course of the Aare.

The river's name dates to at least the La Tène period, and it is attested as Nantaror "Aare valley" in the Berne zinc tablet.

The name was Latinized as Arula/Arola/Araris.
Harker Glacier
Harker Glacier is a tidewater glacier on South Georgia Island in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Harker glacier was first mapped by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1901–1904), and named De Geer Glacier, after Gerard De Geer (1858–1943), a Swedish geologist who specialized in geomorphology and geochronology.  It was remapped in 1912 by David Ferguson, and renamed for Alfred Harker (1859–1939), an English geologist who specialised in petrology and petrography.

The valley in which Harker Glacier is located drains from south to north out of the Allardyce Range into Moraine Fjord in the eastern side of Cumberland Bay, south of Grytviken, the principal settlement of the island.  Harker Glacier is a tidewater glacier that contributes icebergs to the bay.  The glacier has not changed significantly since the 1970s, but is further advanced than when it was photographed by Frank Hurley in 1914.

Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek  γῆ (gê) 'earth'  μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and  λόγος (lógos) 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology, climatology, and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.
Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment)
The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment) is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army that is headquartered in Brampton, Ontario. It is part of the 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group. This kilted Lowland regiment was formed as an amalgamation in 1936 of two predecessor units that date back to 1866. The regiment is named for John Campbell, Marquis of Lorne (Governor General of Canada 1878–1883) and three Ontario counties: Peel County, Dufferin County, and Halton County. In the Second World War, the Lorne Scots mobilized nearly all the defence and employment units for the Canadian Army (Active).

Georgetown, Ontario
Georgetown is a large unincorporated community in the town of Halton Hills, Ontario, Canada, in the Regional Municipality of Halton. The town includes several small villages or settlements such as Norval, Limehouse, Stewarttown and Glen Williams near Georgetown and another large population centre, Acton. In 2021, the population of Georgetown was 44,058. It sits on the banks of the Credit River, approximately 40 km west of Toronto, and is part of the Greater Toronto Area.  Georgetown was named after entrepreneur George Kennedy who settled in the area in 1821 and built several mills and other businesses.
Blood & Water (South African TV series)
Blood & Water is a South African teen crime drama television series developed by Gambit Films for Netflix starring Ama Qamata, Khosi Ngema and Gail Mabalane. Set in Cape Town, the series follows a girl who transfers to an elite school when she suspects one of the students may be her sister, who was abducted as a baby.

The initial season, comprising six episodes, premiered on Netflix on 20 May 2020. Following its release, Netflix announced the renewal of the series for a second season in June 2020, which debuted on 24 September 2021. A third season, announced in April 2022, premiered on 25 November 2022. A fourth season premiered on 1 March 2024. The series won Best TV Drama at the 2021 South African Film and Television Awards as well as awards for cinematography and sound design.

Gail Mabalane
Gail Mabalane (née Nkoane; born 27 December 1984) is a South African actress, model, media socialite, businesswoman and singer. She is most notable for acting roles on the South African television series "The Wild", and recently starred on the television series "The Road", which airs on Mzansi Magic every weeknight. She plays Thandeka Khumalo on Blood & Water, which is only available on Netflix. She also appeared in the Netflix movie "Happiness is" that premiered on 18 October 2024.
Shitalpur Bairgania
Bairganiya is a village development committee in Rautahat District, Madhesh Province the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5000 people living in 875 individual households. 𝐌𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐟 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐥

Narayani Zone
Narayani (Nepali: नारायणी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones to Provinces, located in the central south of the country. The headquarter of Narayani zone was Hetauda. Narayani Zone is named after the Narayani River which is on the western border of the zone, separating it from the Gandaki and Lumbini zones. Narayani means beloved of Narayan which is Parvati his sister, and Narayan refers to Lord Vishnu (the preserver) in the Hindu religion.
Acoustic Kitty (album)
Acoustic Kitty is the debut solo album by Canadian singer-songwriter John Mann, the lead singer of Spirit of the West. It was released in 2002 on Nettwerk.

Mann's supporting band for the album consisted of Doug Elliott, Ford Pier and Michael Phillip Wojewoda. Wojewoda also produced the album.

The album's title track is inspired by the CIA's Acoustic Kitty espionage project of the 1960s, in which surveillance microphones were implanted into a cat.

Mann garnered two Western Canadian Music Award nominations for the album, in the categories of Outstanding Songwriter and Entertainer of the Year. At the Juno Awards of 2003, the album garnered a nomination for Album Art of the Year, for designer John Rummen.

Michael Phillip Wojewoda
Michael Phillip Wojewoda is a Canadian record producer and musician.  He has been nominated for eight Juno Awards and has received one for Recording Engineer of the Year and one for Producer of the Year.
The Forgotten Tales
The Forgotten Tales is the first compilation album by German power metal band Blind Guardian. It was published in 1996. The cover artwork was created by Andreas Marschall. "'The Forgotten Tales'" contains several cover versions of popular songs, including "Mr. Sandman", "Surfin' U.S.A.", and "Spread Your Wings" as well as alternate versions of the band's previous works. Remastered and re-released on 15 June 2007, with bonus tracks and videos.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Ryōji Uehara
Ryōji Uehara (上原良司, Uehara Ryōji; 27 September 1922 – 11 May 1945) was a flight captain of the Imperial Japanese Army and was killed in action as a kamikaze pilot.

Uehara was born in what is now the town of Ikeda, Nagano. He entered the Department of Economics at Keio University in 1942 and joined the IJA 50th Regiment in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, later that same year. He was a member of the 56th Shinmu squadron (第56振武隊) of the IJA Air Corps when he carried out his final mission against the US carrier fleet near Kadena, Okinawa Prefecture on 11 May 1945. He was 22 years old.

His letter, written to his parents the night before his final mission, was published after the war and it is still regarded as a masterpiece of wartime literary works in Japan.

Matsumoto, Nagano
Matsumoto (松本市, Matsumoto-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Matsumoto is designated as a core city since 1 April 2021. As of 1 March 2019, the city had a population of 239,466 in 105,207 households and a population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 978.47 square kilometres (377.79 sq mi).
Satellite modem
A satellite modem or satmodem is a modem used to establish data transfers using a communications satellite as a relay. A satellite modem's main function is to transform an input bitstream to a radio signal and vice versa.

There are some devices that include only a demodulator (and no modulator, thus only allowing data to be downloaded by satellite) that are also referred to as "satellite modems." These devices are used in satellite Internet access (in this case uploaded data is transferred through a conventional PSTN modem or an ADSL modem).

Sequential decoding
Recognised by John Wozencraft, sequential decoding is a limited memory technique for decoding tree codes.   Sequential decoding is mainly used as an approximate decoding algorithm for long constraint-length convolutional codes.  This approach may not be as accurate as the Viterbi algorithm but can save a substantial amount of computer memory. It was used to decode a convolutional code in 1968 Pioneer 9 mission.

Sequential decoding explores the tree code in such a way to try to minimise the computational cost and memory requirements to store the tree.

There is a range of sequential decoding approaches based on the choice of metric and algorithm.  Metrics include:

Fano metric

Zigangirov metric

Gallager metric

Algorithms include:

Stack algorithm

Fano algorithm

Creeper algorithm
The Human Duplicators
The Human Duplicators is a 1965 American science fiction film by Woolner Brothers Pictures Inc. Produced and directed by Hugo Grimaldi and Arthur C. Pierce (the latter uncredited as director), the film stars George Nader, Barbara Nichols, George Macready and Dolores Faith. It was shown in the US as a double feature with Mutiny in Outer Space.

The narrative follows a very tall space alien (Richard Kiel) who has come to Earth at the command of the "Intergalactic Council" to replace select humans with "android doppelgängers." The goal of human duplication is to take over the Earth, but the plan fails when the androids are destroyed by an investigator from the United States National Intelligence Agency.

Double feature
The double feature is a motion picture industry practice in which movie theaters would exhibit two films for the price of one, supplanting an earlier format in which the presentation of one feature film would be followed by various short subject reels.
Ike Frankian
Malcolm John Frankian (April 3, 1905 – April 14, 1963) was an American football end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Boston Redskins and the New York Giants.  He also played and coached in the second American Football League, the third American Football League and the Pacific Coast Professional Football League for the Los Angeles Bulldogs.

Prior to his professional career, Frankian attended Saint Mary's College of California.

He died in Dos Palos, California.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Jewish quarter of Toledo
The Jewish quarter of Toledo is a district of the city of Toledo, in Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It was the neighborhood in which the Jews lived in the Middle Ages, although they were not obliged to live within it.

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Jewish community of Toledo became the most populous and wealthy of the Kingdom of Castile. The Jewish community of Toledo coexisted peacefully for centuries with Muslims and Christians, (until they were  expelled by the King and the Inquisition in 1492, the Alhambra Decree), giving the city the nickname, The City of the Three Cultures (La Ciudad de las Tres Culturas).

Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (/kæˈstiːl/; Spanish: Reino de Castilla: Latin: Regnum Castellae) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. It traces its origins to the 9th-century County of Castile (Spanish: Condado de Castilla, Latin: Comitatus Castellae), as an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of León. During the 10th century, the Castilian counts increased their autonomy, but it was not until 1065 that it was separated from the Kingdom of León and became a kingdom in its own right. Between 1072 and 1157, it was again united with León, and after 1230, the union became permanent.

Throughout that period, the Castilian kings made extensive conquests in southern Iberia at the expense of the Islamic principalities. The Kingdoms of Castile and of León, with their southern acquisitions, came to be known collectively as the Crown of Castile, a term that also came to encompass overseas expansion.
The Beast in the Cave
"The Beast in the Cave" is a short story by American horror fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft. The first draft was written in the Spring of 1904, with the final draft finished in April 1905, when Lovecraft was age fourteen. 
It was first published in the June 1918 issue of the amateur journalism publication The Vagrant, this being the equivalent of a well-edited fanzine today. The tale is to be regarded as an example of Lovecraft's juvenilia, and is classed as such in collections of his works.

In the 1930s Lovecraft sometimes sent a copy of the typescript to his promising young correspondents, as an example of what he had produced at their age, and also as a first exercise in re-writing. In this way, he could best judge how much imagination and promise they really had.

Juvenilia
Juvenilia are literary, musical or artistic works produced by authors during their youth. Written juvenilia, if published at all, usually appear as retrospective publications, some time after the author has become well known for later works.

The term was first recorded in 1622 in George Wither's poetry collection Ivvenilia. Later, other notable poets, such as John Dryden and Alfred, Lord Tennyson, came to use the term for collections of their early poetry. The stories and poems which novelist Jane Austen wrote before the age of eighteen are called her Juvenilia.

Exceptions to retrospective publication include Leigh Hunt's collection Juvenilia, first published when he was still in his teens; and Lord Byron's publication of Fugitive Pieces when the author was only 17 years old, and his subsequent publication of Hours of Idleness at the age of 18. In these early pieces, Byron explores many of the themes that would shape his later works.
Eric Skrmetta
Eric Frederick Skrmetta (born October 1, 1958) is an American politician who represents District 1 (largely surburban New Orleans, eastern Florida Parishes, and River Parishes) on the Louisiana Public Service Commission (PSC), an influential regulatory agency which was the political springboard for former governors Huey Long, Jimmie Davis, and John McKeithen. Skrmetta is a member of the Republican Party.

Louisiana Public Service Commission
The Louisiana Public Service Commission (LPSC) is an independent regulatory agency which manages public utilities and motor carriers in Louisiana. The Commission is established by Article IV, Section 21 of the 1921 Constitution of the State of Louisiana. It succeeded the Railroad Commission of Louisiana that was created by the 1898 Constitution. The commission has five elected members chosen in single-member districts for staggered six-year terms. Thus the commissioners have large constituencies (bigger, e.g., than Congressional districts), long terms (6 years), and close involvement with issues of intense consumer interest (such as electricity bills); consequently membership in LPSC has been known to serve as a springboard to even higher public office, as in the cases of Huey Long, Jimmie Davis, John McKeithen, and Kathleen Babineaux Blanco — LPSC members who became governors of Louisiana.
Auspitz
Auspitz is a Jewish surname. Notable people with this name include:

Auguste Auspitz-Kolar (1844–1878), Austrian pianist and composer

Heinrich Auspitz (1835–1886), Moravian-Austrian dermatologist

Gábor Péter (born Benjámin Auspitz,1906–1993), Hungarian politician

Leopold Auspitz (1838–1907), Austrian k.k. Major general and writer

Ludwig Auspitz (1859–1917), German theater actor and opera singer

Moritz Auspitz (1803–1880), Austrian surgeon

Oliver Auspitz (born 1975), Austrian film producer

Rudolf Auspitz (1837–1906), Austrian industrialist, economist, politician, and banker

Rudolf Auspitz
Rudolf Auspitz (Vienna, 7 July 1837 – Vienna, 10 March 1906) was an Austrian industrialist, economist, politician, and banker. He was the father of artist Josefine Winter (1873–1943)

In 1874, together with his cousins, the siblings Leopold, Adolf, Richard, Ida and Helene Lieben, Auspitz purchased the property Universitätsring 4 / Löwelbastei 22 / Oppoltzergasse 6, built by the Wiener Baugesellschaft,
Raghuveer Narayan
Raghuveer Narayan (31 October 1884 – 1 January 1955) or Raghubir Narayan was a Bhojpuri and English poet and a freedom fighter. His Bhojpuri poem  Batohiya gained popularity equivalent to Vande Mataram and is considered as National Song of Indian in Bhojpuri language.

Bhojpuri language
Bhojpuri (IPA: /ˌboʊdʒˈpʊəri/; Devanagari: भोजपुरीⓘ, Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲, (IPA: [bʰoːdʒpʊɾiː])) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of Nepal. It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northwestern Jharkhand in India, as well as western Madhesh, eastern Lumbini. According to the 2011 Census of India, it is spoken by approximately 50.5 million people.

It is also a minority language in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname and historically primarily in the Natal province of  South Africa. Fiji Hindi, an official language of Fiji, is a dialect of Bhojpuri spoken by the Indo-Fijians. Caribbean Hindustani is spoken by the Indo-Caribbean people in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. In Mauritius, it is recognised by the government and taught in university as well.

Bhojpuri language is listed as potentially vulnerable in the UNESCO World Atlas of Languages.
2009 Dwars door Vlaanderen
The 2009 Dwars door Vlaanderen was the 64th edition of the Dwars door Vlaanderen cycle race and was held on 25 March 2009. The race started in Roeselare and finished in Waregem. The race was won by Kevin van Impe.

Roeselare
Roeselare (Dutch: [ˈrusəˌlaːrə] ⓘ; West Flemish: Roeseloare; French: Roulers [ʁulɛʁs]) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Roeselare proper and the towns of Beveren, Oekene and Rumbeke.

The name of the city is derived from two Germanic words meaning "reed" and "open space", i.e., a marsh in a forest glade. Roeselare's minor seminary is famous for having hosted the famous Flemish poets Guido Gezelle, Albrecht Rodenbach and missionary Jesuit Constant Lievens. The city is also home to the Rodenbach brewery.