hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Alfred Tyrrell
Charles Alfred Tyrrell (1843 – July 2, 1918) was a promoter of medical devices, most notably an enema appliance. He was also author of tracts promoting the use of his device for colon cleansing as therapy for detoxification pursuant to a theory of auto-intoxication.

Tyrrell's claim that his J. B. L. Cascade device could cure all disease was dismissed by medical experts as quackery.

Enema
An enema, also known as a clyster, is the rectal administration of a fluid by injection into the lower bowel via the anus. The word enema can also refer to the liquid injected, as well as to a device for administering such an injection.

In standard medicine, the most frequent uses of enemas are to relieve constipation and for bowel cleansing before a medical examination or procedure; also, they are employed as a lower gastrointestinal series (also called a barium enema), to treat traveler's diarrhea, as a vehicle for the administration of food, water or medicine, as a stimulant to the general system, as a local application and, more rarely, as a means of reducing body temperature, as treatment for encopresis, and as a form of rehydration therapy (proctoclysis) in patients for whom intravenous therapy is not applicable.
2005 Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament
The 2005 Colonial Athletic Association baseball tournament was held at Brooks Field in Wilmington, North Carolina, from May 26 through 29.  The event determined the champion of the Colonial Athletic Association for the 2005 season.  Third-seeded VCU won the tournament for the third time and earned the CAA's automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Entering the event, former member East Carolina had won the most championships, with seven.  Among active members, Old Dominion led with three titles while George Mason and VCU had each won twice and UNC Wilmington and William & Mary had won once.

East Carolina Pirates baseball
The East Carolina Pirates baseball team is an intercollegiate baseball team representing East Carolina University in NCAA Division I college baseball and participates as a full member of the American Athletic Conference. The Pirates have made regular appearances in the NCAA tournament. As of 2025, they have the most NCAA tournament appearances without a College World Series appearance.

The Pirates are coached by Cliff Godwin and play their home games at Clark-LeClair Stadium, named after donor and alumnus Bill Clark and former coach Keith LeClair. Every year, the Pirates host a baseball tournament in Greenville in honor of Coach LeClair called the Keith LeClair Classic.
Porokeratosis
Porokeratosis is a specific disorder of keratinization that is characterized histologically by the presence of a cornoid lamella, a thin column of closely stacked, parakeratotic cells extending through the stratum corneum with a thin or absent granular layer.: 532

Stratum granulosum
The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis lying above the stratum spinosum  and below the stratum corneum (stratum lucidum on the soles and palms). Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer. These cells contain keratohyalin granules, which are filled with histidine- and cysteine-rich proteins that appear to bind the keratin filaments together.
Therefore, the main function of keratohyalin granules is to bind intermediate keratin filaments together.

At the transition between this layer and the stratum corneum, cells secrete lamellar bodies (containing lipids and proteins) into the extracellular space. This results in the formation of the hydrophobic lipid envelope responsible for the skin's barrier properties. Concomitantly, cells lose their nuclei and organelles.
Those Winter Sundays
"Those Winter Sundays" is a poem written in 1962 by American Robert Hayden (1913–1980), while he was teaching as an English professor at Fisk University. The poem is one of Hayden's most recognized works, together with "Middle Passage".

The poem is about the father/son relationship – recalling the poet's memories of his father, realizing that despite the distance between them there was a kind of love, real and intangible, shown by the father's efforts to improve his son's life, rather than by gifts or demonstrative affection. The author's words suggest that the son feels remorse that he failed to recognise this in his father's lifetime.

Fisk University
Fisk University is a private historically black liberal arts college in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1866 and its 40-acre (16 ha) campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1930, Fisk became the first historically black institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Fisk is the oldest institution for higher education in Nashville.
Royal Residence of La Mareta
The Royal Residence of La Mareta is a Spanish royal family residence located in the municipality of Teguise, in the island of Lanzarote. The residence has also been used as a holiday residence by some Spanish prime ministers.

The palace-house was commanded to build by King Hussein of Jordan in the late 1970s and was designed by Spanish architect César Manrique. Its name is due to the fact that in the same place there was a mareta, that is to say, a cistern that served to collect rainwater and as an animal drinker.

Spanish royal family
The Spanish royal family comprises Felipe VI and his immediate family, these are Queen Letizia; their children, Leonor, Princess of Asturias, and Infanta Sofía; and Felipe's parents, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. The royal family lives at the Palace of Zarzuela in Madrid, although their official residence is the Royal Palace of Madrid. The membership of the royal family is defined by royal decree and consists of: the King of Spain, the monarch's spouse, the monarch's parents, his children, and the heir to the Spanish throne.
Nitroso
In organic chemistry, nitroso refers to a functional group in which the nitric oxide (−N=O) group is attached to an organic moiety. As such, various nitroso groups can be categorized as C-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosoalkanes; R−N=O), S-nitroso compounds (nitrosothiols; RS−N=O), N-nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosamines, RN(−R’)−N=O), and O-nitroso compounds (alkyl nitrites; RO−N=O).

Moiety (chemistry)
In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/ MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them. Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.

A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.

The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.
2019 Rugby World Cup Pool B
Pool B of the 2019 Rugby World Cup began on 21 September 2019. The pool included title holders New Zealand and third-placed team from 2015 South Africa, while Italy also joined the pool after finishing third in their pool in 2015. They were joined by the African qualifier, Namibia, and the repechage winner, Canada.

Neither of the final two matches in the pool were played due to the effects of Typhoon Hagibis; New Zealand were a point behind South Africa, who had played all four of their matches, going into the final game against Italy, so the two points awarded for the cancelled match saw New Zealand take top spot in the pool, while Italy finished third behind South Africa. Neither Namibia nor Canada managed a win in their first three matches, and the cancellation of their final match meant they finished level on points, with Namibia finishing higher on points difference.

2019 Rugby World Cup – Africa qualification
Qualifying for the 2019 Rugby World Cup for Africa Rugby began in June 2016, with 14 teams competing. On 18 August 2018, Namibia qualified for the World Cup by winning the 2018 Rugby Africa Gold Cup, defeating Kenya, who finished second and advanced to the repechage tournament.
The Case for Christ
The Case for Christ is a 2017 American Christian drama film directed by Jon Gunn and written by Brian Bird, based on a true story and inspired by the 1998 book of the same name by Lee Strobel. The film stars Mike Vogel, Erika Christensen, Faye Dunaway and Robert Forster, and follows an atheist journalist who looks to disprove his wife's Christian faith. The film was released on April 7, 2017, by Pure Flix Entertainment. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $17.6 million against a $3 million budget.

Christian film industry
The Christian film industry is an aspect of Christian media for films containing a Christian-themed message or moral. They are often interdenominational films, but can also be films targeting a specific denomination of Christianity.
Vladimir Rapoport
Vladimir Abramovich Rapoport (Russian: Владимир Абрамович Рапопорт; 6 November 1907, Vitebsk – 17 June 1975, Moscow) was a Soviet cinematographer, known for his collaboration with film director Sergei Gerasimov.

She Defends the Motherland
She Defends the Motherland, (Russian: Она защищает Родину) is a 1943 Soviet World War II film starring Vera Maretskaya and directed by Fridrikh Ermler. It was distributed in the United States by Artkino Pictures as No Greater Love, also in 1943, with a dubbed-English soundtrack.
2002 Copa do Brasil
The Copa do Brasil 2002 was the 14th staging of the Copa do Brasil.

The competition started on February 13, 2002 and concluded on May 15, 2002 with the second leg of the final, held at the Boca do Jacaré in Taguatinga in the Federal District, in which Corinthians lifted the trophy for the second time after a 1–1 draw with Brasiliense.

Taguatinga, Federal District
Taguatinga is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. It is bordered by Brasília to the north, Vicente Pires, Águas Claras, and Arniqueira to the east, Riacho Fundo and Riacho Fundo II to the south, Samambaia to the southwest, Ceilândia to the west, and Brazlândia to the northwest. Taguatinga has a population of 222,598, being the fourth largest administrative region by population.
Samuel Walker Williams
Samuel Walker Williams (January 24, 1848 – August 6, 1920) became a Virginia lawyer, Commonwealth attorney for Bland County and judge after serving as a Confederate soldier and before defeating fellow former Confederate but Readjuster Samuel H. Newberry to serve as a Democrat in the Virginia Senate and decades later as Attorney General of Virginia. Williams unsuccessfully ran for Congress in 1896. The library at Virginia Tech holds his papers.

Bland County, Virginia
Bland County is a county located in the southwestern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county seat is the unincorporated area of Bland. At the 2020 census, the population was 6,270.

Bland County was created in 1861 from parts of Wythe, Tazewell, and Giles counties in Virginia. The new county was named in honor of Richard Bland, a Virginia statesman who served in the House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress.

As of the 2020 census, the county population was 6,270, making it the 4th least populated county in Virginia.
The Howling
The Howling is a 1977 horror novel by Gary Brandner, first published by Fawcett as a paperback original. It was the inspiration for the film The Howling (1981), although the plot of the film was only vaguely similar to that of the book.

Brandner published two sequels to the novel, The Howling II in 1979 (later republished as Return of the Howling) and The Howling III: Echoes in 1985. Neither sequel was used as the basis for any of the subsequent Howling films. However, minor elements from The Howling III: Echoes novel appear in the film Howling VI: The Freaks.

The fourth film of the series, Howling IV: The Original Nightmare (1988), is the closest adaptation of Brandner's original 1977 novel, though even it differs in parts.

Gary Brandner
Gary Phil Brandner (May 31, 1930 – September 22, 2013) was an American horror fiction author best known for his werewolf themed trilogy of novels,  The Howling.  The first book of the series was adapted loosely as a motion picture in 1981.  Brandner's second and third Howling novels, published in 1979 and 1985 respectively, have no association with the film series, though he was involved with writing the screenplay for the second Howling film, Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf.  The fourth film of the Howling series, Howling IV: The Original Nightmare, is actually the closest adaptation of Brandner's original novel, though this too varies to some degree.

Brandner's novel Walkers was adapted and filmed for television as From The Dead Of Night. He also wrote the screenplay for the 1988 horror film Cameron's Closet.
Palatal harmony
Palatal harmony, also called palatovelar harmony, is a type of vowel harmony that manifests in forcing agreement between vowels that are either neighboring or in the same word regarding their place of articulation-- specifically the difference between the palatal-articulated front vowels and the back vowels which are articulated closer to the velum. It is found in Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages, as well as the North American languages of Yawelmani and many others. Under the palatal harmony rule a word may contain either all back vowels or front vowels.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
Nancy (given name)
Nancy is a feminine English language given name. The name Nancy was originally a diminutive form of Annis, a medieval English vernacular form of Agnes. In some English dialects, "mine" was used instead of "my" and "Mine Ancy" eventually became Nancy. The name was also later used as an English diminutive of Anne or Ann. It has been used as an independent name since the 18th century. In some instances it replaced variant Nanny, which was associated with the stereotype of a common, promiscuous woman from the 17th century onward.  Spelling variants in use include Nancea, Nancee, Nancey, Nanci, Nancie, Nancsi, Nancye, Nanncey, Nanncy, Nansee, and Nansi. Similar names include Nan, Nance, Nanette, Nannerl, and Nannie.

Kinder Foundation
The Kinder Foundation is a Houston-based 501c3 nonprofit organization. It was established in 1997 by Richard Kinder and Nancy Kinder. As of December 2024, the Kinder Foundation has committed more than $850 million in grants and transformation gifts to Houston projects.
Sveti Primož na Pohorju
Sveti Primož na Pohorju (pronounced [ˈsʋèːti ˈpɾìːmɔʃ na ˈpóːxɔɾju]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Vuzenica in northern Slovenia. It lies south of the town of Vuzenica, a dispersed settlement in the western Pohorje Hills. The settlement, and the municipality, are included in the Carinthia Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

The local parish church, from which the settlement gets its name, is dedicated to Saint Primus and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was built in 1789 near the site of an earlier Gothic building mentioned in written documents dating to 1436.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Hakamada
Hakamada (written: 袴田) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Irina Khakamada (袴田イリーナ; Ирина Хакамада; born 1955), Russian politician of Japanese origin

Iwao Hakamada (袴田 巖; born 1936), correctly transliterated Hakamata, Japanese former death row prisoner

Yoshihiko Hakamada (袴田 吉彦; born 1973), Japanese actor

Iwao Hakamata
Iwao Hakamata (Japanese: 袴田 巖, Hepburn: Hakamata Iwao; born 10 March 1936) is a Japanese former professional boxer who was sentenced to death on 11 September 1968 for a 1966 mass murder that became known as the Hakamata Incident. Hakamata's time on death row is the longest of any prisoner in the world.

In March 2014, he was granted a retrial and an immediate release when the Shizuoka District Court found there was reason to believe evidence against him had been falsified. In September 2024, Hakamata was acquitted in a retrial by the Shizuoka District Court. Hakamata's innocence was confirmed in October 2024, when the prosecution waived its right to appeal. In 2025 a court awarded him 217,362,500 yen, 12,500 yen (US$83) for each day of imprisonment.
Gordon Houston
Gordon Enloe Houston (March 20, 1916 – February 10, 1942) was an American professional outfielder and shortstop who played from 1937 through 1940 in Minor League Baseball. Listed at 5' 8" (1.77 m), 156 lb. (71 k), he batted and threw right-handed.

Houston is remembered as the first player in Organized Baseball to die during active duty in World War II.

Commissioner of Baseball
The commissioner of baseball is the chief executive officer of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the associated Minor League Baseball (MiLB) – a constellation of leagues and clubs known as "organized baseball". Under the direction of the commissioner, the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball hires and maintains the sport's umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, and television contracts. The commissioner is chosen by a vote of the owners of the teams. The incumbent MLB commissioner is Rob Manfred, who assumed office on January 25, 2015.
Celebrity Big Brother (British TV series) series 21
Celebrity Big Brother 21, also known as Celebrity Big Brother: Year of the Woman, is the twenty-first series of the British reality television series Celebrity Big Brother. It launched on 2 January 2018 on Channel 5, and concluded on 2 February 2018 after 32 days, making it the joint longest series to date. It is the fourteenth celebrity series and the twenty-first series of Big Brother overall to air on Channel 5. Emma Willis returned to host the series, while Rylan Clark-Neal continued to present Celebrity Big Brother's Bit on the Side.

On 2 February 2018, Courtney Act was announced as the winner of the series having received 49.43% of the final vote, with Ann Widdecombe as the runner-up after receiving 39.50%.

ITV2
ITV2 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned by ITV plc. It was launched on 7 December 1998. For a number of years, it had the largest audience share after the five analogue terrestrial stations, a claim now held by its sister service ITV3 both of which are freely available to a majority of households.

The channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group, similar to BBC Three and E4, and is known for American programming such as adult animations Family Guy, American Dad! and Bob's Burgers; repeats of recently aired episodes of soap operas and other entertainment programming from ITV such as Coronation Street, Emmerdale and Catchphrase; original comedy such as Celebrity Juice and Plebs; and reality formats such as Big Brother and Love Island.
Aleksander Koniecpolski (1555–1609)
Aleksander Koniecpolski  (1555–1609) was a voivode (palatine) of Sieradz, a staunch supporter of king Sigismund III Vasa of the House of Vasa.

He was the son of Stanisław Przedbór Koniecpolski and Elżbieta Ligzianka (relative of hetman Jan Tarnowski). His wife was Anna Sroczycka, daughter of Stanisław Sroczycki, voivode of Kamieniec. This marriage brought into the Koniecpolscy family large estates at Podolia.

He had six children:

Stanisław Koniecpolski, the great and famous hetman, voivode of Sandomierz and semi-official 'viceroy of Ukraine'

Krzysztof Koniecpolski (chorąży koronny, voivode of Belz from 1641)

Remigiusz Koniecpolski, bishop of Chełm (died in 1640)

Jan Koniecpolski (castellan and voivode of Sieradz)

Przedbor Koniecpolski (died in 1611)

Anna Aleksandra Koniecpolska (died in 1651), married to Kasper Doenhoff (1588–1645). She was a great-grandmother of king Stanisław Leszczyński of Poland.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Giuseppe Rusnati
Giuseppe Rusnati (1650, Gallarate, Lombardy - 1713) was a Lombard sculptor of the Rococo period. Known for having trained with Ercole Ferrata and subsequently from 1673 to c. 1686 training a young Camillo Rusconi, prior to the latter's relocation himself to Ferrata's studio in Rome. Born near Como; he died in 1713. He worked for many years for the Duomo of Milan, where he worked along with Giuseppe Buono (1670–1709/21) and Carlo Simonetta (d 1693).

He also contributed to the Certosa di Pavia and sent many sculptures for the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, including to Monte Calvario; to the 9th, 10th, and 15th chapels of Sacred Mount Calvary of Domodossola; to the 13th and 19th chapels of the Sacro Monte di Orta; and the statues of SS Domenico and Francisco in the high altar (1660–1662) for the Sacro Monte di Varese.

The facade of Santa Maria della Passione (seen at right) in Milan is attributed to Rusnati.

Sacro Monte di Orta
The Sacro Monte di Orta (literally: "Sacred Mountain of Orta") is a Roman Catholic devotional complex in the comune of Orta San Giulio (Piedmont, northern Italy) on the summit of a hill known as San Nicolao, on the eastern shore of Lake Orta. It is one of the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, included in UNESCO World Heritage list.

It is a stop-over on the CoEur devotional path.

Many of the artworks are of a high quality, some of the most highly thought of painters and sculptors of the period having been commissioned to produce them. The vegetation of the Sacred Mountain runs down to the shores of Lake Orta and was designed in line with ornamental criteria to match the architecture.