hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lower (surname)
Lower is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur R. M. Lower (1889–1988), Canadian historian

Britt Lower (born 1985), American actress

Cyrus B. Lower (1843–1924), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient

Geoffrey Lower (born 1963), American actor

Kathleen Lower (1905-1995), British politician

Oswald Bertram Lower (1863–1925), Australian entomologist

Richard Lower (physician) (1631–1691), Cornish inventor of blood transfusion

Robert A. Lower (1844–1918), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient

William Lower (astronomer) (1570–1615), English astronomer

William Lower (dramatist) (c. 1610–1662), English dramatist and translator

Cyrus B. Lower
Cyrus Benson Lower (February 28, 1843 – May 21, 1924) was a United States soldier who fought with the Union Army during the American Civil War as a private in the 13th Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment (also known as the "Bucktails" or 42nd Pennsylvania Infantry). He received his nation's highest award for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, for his display of gallantry during the Battle of the Wilderness on May 7, 1864, and afterward when he rejoined his regiment after having been wounded in action and held as a prisoner of war by Confederate States Army troops. That award was conferred on July 20, 1887.
25 August 2009 Pristina protests
On 25 August 2009, the Kosovo Albanian Vetëvendosje political group organized protests in Pristina against "the EULEX presence and all its actions in Kosovo including the protocol agreement with Serbia". 24 EULEX vehicles were overthrown and left upside-down, one rioter and three police officers were wounded.

Kosovo Albanians
The Albanians of Kosovo (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Kosovës, pronounced [ʃcipˈtaɾət ɛ kɔˈsɔvəs]), commonly also called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovar Albanians,  are an ethnic Albanian population native to Kosovo and constitute the country's largest ethnic group. They belong to the Gheg dialectical sub-group of Albanians, because they speak Gheg Albanian. According to the 2024 national census by the ASK, Albanians comprise 91.8% of the population in Kosovo.
Hunter × Hunter: The Last Mission
Hunter × Hunter: The Last Mission (Japanese: 劇場版 Hunter×Hunter - The Last Mission-, Hepburn: Gekijō-ban Hantā Hantā: Za Rasuto Misshon) is a 2013 Japanese animated feature film directed by Keiichiro Kawaguchi. Released on December 27, 2013, it is the second film based on the Hunter × Hunter manga series by Yoshihiro Togashi. Viz Media released the film on home video in North America on March 12, 2019.

Yoshihiro Togashi
Yoshihiro Togashi (Japanese: 冨樫 義博, Hepburn: Togashi Yoshihiro; born April 27, 1966) is a Japanese manga artist. He began drawing manga at an early age and was recognized for his talent by the publishing company Shueisha while attending college. Togashi has authored several different manga series in different genres since the 1980s. He is best known for writing and illustrating YuYu Hakusho (1990–1994) and Hunter × Hunter (1998–present), which are two of the best-selling manga series of all time. Togashi is married to Naoko Takeuchi, the author of Sailor Moon.
Social Science Research
Social Science Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of sociology. It was established in 1972 by Academic Press and is currently published by Elsevier, which acquired Academic Press in 2000. The editor-in-chief is Stephanie Moller (University of North Carolina at Charlotte).

University of North Carolina at Charlotte
The University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte, or simply Charlotte) is a public research university in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. UNC Charlotte offers 24 doctoral, 66 master's, and 79 bachelor's degree programs through nine colleges. It is classified among "R1: Very High Research Spending and Doctorate Production."

The university experienced rapid enrollment growth in the late 2000s and early-mid 2010s when it was the fastest-growing institution in the UNC System.

It has two campuses: the Main Campus, located in University City, and the Center City Campus in Uptown Charlotte. The main campus sits on 1,000 wooded acres with approximately 85 buildings about 8 miles (13 km) from Uptown Charlotte.
Onyx (interception system)
Onyx is a Swiss intelligence gathering system maintained by the Federal Intelligence Service - Nachrichtendienst des Bundes (NDB). The costs of the system are not public, but the amount of 100 million Swiss francs has been mentioned several times, in particular in 2000 by Werner Marti, SP deputy to the National Council (Switzerland). In March 2005, journalist Urs Paul Engeler estimated that the costs (hidden in various military construction budgets) reached 400 million CHF. The Onyx system was launched in 2000, originally under the name SATOS-3 (the SATOS 1 and 2 systems were started in 1992, in particular to intercept faxes), and was completed in late 2005.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Kalawan
Kalawan (originally meaning "The caves") is the name of an archaeological site in the area of Taxila in Pakistan, where it is one of the largest Buddhist establishment. It is located about 2 km from the Dharmarajika stupa.

Kalawan has a vihara monastery, which is the largest in northern India. An inscription, recording the enshrinement of relics as a gift to the Sarvastivadin School, was found in a chaitya hall mentioning the date of "the 134th year of Azes," which corresponds to 77 CE.

Small stupas were found inside the monasteries. The Kalawan monastery, together with the Dharmarajika display an original kind of architectural arrangement in which an image shrine is built opposite the entrance. It is thought that this architectural pattern was initiated in the northwest and then became the prototype for the later development of monasteries with shrines in Devnimori, Ajanta, Aurangabad, Ellora, Nalanda, Ratnagiri and others.

Azes I
Azes I (Greek: Ἄζης Azēs, epigraphically ΑΖΟΥ Azou; Kharosthi: 𐨀𐨩 A-ya, Aya) was an Indo-Scythian ruler who ruled around c. 48/47 BCE – 25 BCE with a dynastic empire based in the Punjab and Indus Valley, completed the domination of the Scythians in the northwestern Indian subcontinent.
Bonal Bird Sanctuary
Bonal Bird Sanctuary, sometimes spelled Bohnal Bird Sanctuary (Kannada: ಬೋನಾಳ ಪಕ್ಷಿ ಧಾಮ), is a bird sanctuary and wetland near Bonal village in the Shorapur taluk of Yadgir district in Karnataka state, India. It is the second largest bird sanctuary in the state, after Rangantittu Bird Sanctuary in Mandya, and around 21 species of birds have been recorded here, including the purple heron, white-necked stork, white ibis, black ibis, brahminy duck, and bar-headed goose.

Bar-headed goose
The bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) is a goose that breeds in Central Asia in colonies of thousands near mountain lakes and winters in South Asia, as far south as peninsular India. It lays three to eight eggs at a time in a ground nest. It is known for the extreme altitudes it reaches when migrating across the Himalayas.
You (Pandora song)
"You" is a song by Swedish singer Pandora. It was released in February 2003 as the lead single from Pandora's ninth studio album 9 Lives (2003).

Pandora entered the song into the Melodifestivalen 2003, a song competition to determine the Swedish entrant into the Eurovision Song Contest. The song competed in the second semi-final on 22 February 2003, coming last.

Melodifestivalen 2003
Melodifestivalen 2003 was the 43rd edition of the Swedish music competition Melodifestivalen, which was organised by Sveriges Television (SVT) and took place over a five-week period between 15 February and 15 March 2003. The winner of the competition was Fame with the song "Give Me Your Love", who represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003, where they came fifth with 107 points.
The Carrie Diaries season 2
The second and final season of the American comedy-drama television series The Carrie Diaries premiered on The CW on October 25, 2013, and concluded on January 31, 2014, consisting of 13 episodes. The series serves as a prequel to the HBO series Sex and the City.

The Carrie Diaries (TV series)
The Carrie Diaries is an American teen comedy-drama television series that aired for two seasons on the CW from January 14, 2013, to January 31, 2014. It is a prequel to the HBO television series Sex and the City and based on the 2010 book of the same name by Candace Bushnell. The first season focuses on Carrie Bradshaw (AnnaSophia Robb) during her junior year of high school in 1984 as she explores life in New York City while interning at a law firm office, and also secretly working at a magazine company, while the second season focuses more on her expanding life in the city as well as the lives of her friends and boyfriend.

The pilot was picked up by the CW to a series order of 13 episodes in May 2012. Four months into the first season, the network renewed The Carrie Diaries for a second season, which premiered in October 2013. In May 2014, the CW canceled the series after two seasons.
Abayev
Abayev or Abaev is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akhsarbek Abaev (1923–1982), Ossetian Red Army Sergeant and Hero of the Soviet Union

Dauren Abaev (born 1979), Kazakh politician and diplomat

Eli Abaev (born 1998), American-Israeli basketball player for Hapoel Be'er Sheva in the Israeli Basketball Premier League

Genrikh Abaev (1932–2014), Belarusian professor

Ilya Abayev (born 1981), Russian footballer

Vasily Abaev (1900–2001), Ossetian Soviet linguist

Akhsarbek Abaev
Akhsarbek Magometovich Abaev (Ossetian: Æбати Мæхæмæти фурт Æхсарбег, Russian: Ахсарбек Магометович Абаев; 14 December 1923 – 13 May 1982) was an Ossetian Red Army Sergeant and Hero of the Soviet Union. Abaev was awarded the title for reportedly killing 32 German soldiers in the Kerch–Eltigen Operation during November 1943. After the war Abaev worked in the rail transport system and returned to his birthplace of Digora, where he worked on a farm.
Guaiwei
Guaiwei (Chinese: 怪味; pinyin: guàiwèi), literally "exotic taste" or "strange taste", is a seasoning mixture in Sichuan cuisine of China. Although it is popular in the Sichuan province, it is rarely used outside the region's cuisine, unlike yuxiang, another seasoning mixture of the region. The guaiwei seasoning exists in several forms, but can be viewed as the combination of yuxiang and mala seasoning with a high proportion of sesame and sour ingredients.

Sourness
Sourness, also known as sour, is a basic taste sensation perceived through hydrogen ions from acidic compounds interacting with taste bud receptors, and it can also refer to an unpleasant or acidic quality in taste, disposition, or tone. It is a warning sign for potentially spoiled food, though it is balanced in some food products by sweetness, and it is associated with a low pH.

The most common foods with natural sourness are fruits, such as lemon, lime, grape, orange, tamarind, and bitter melon. Fermented foods, such as wine, sour cream, vinegar or yogurt, may have sour taste. Children show a greater enjoyment of sour flavors than adults, and sour candy containing citric acid or malic acid is common.
Hrabůvka
Hrabůvka is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Hrabůvka lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of Přerov, 32 km (20 mi) east of Olomouc, and 241 km (150 mi) east of Prague.

Olomouc Region
Olomouc Region (Czech: Olomoucký kraj; German: Olmützer Region, pronounced [ˈɔlmʏt͡sɐ ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Polish: Kraj ołomuniecki) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (Morava) and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia (České Slezsko). It is named for its capital Olomouc.

Olomouc region borders with the Moravian-Silesian Region (in the east), Zlín Region (in the south-east), South Moravian Region (in the south-west) and Pardubice Region (in the west). Furthermore, the region shares a 104 km long border with Poland (in the north).
Forever Not Yours
"Forever Not Yours" is a song by Norwegian synth-pop band A-ha, released as the lead single from their seventh studio album, Lifelines. It was sent to radio stations in parts of Europe on 22 February 2002 (15 April in Belgium) and was released commercially on 2 April.

The cover of the commercial release features a closeup shot of the black front end of a 1950s Cadillac standing on flatland.

Morten Harket
Morten Harket (Norwegian pronunciation: [mʊ̂ʈːn̩ ˈhɑ̀rkət]; born 14 September 1959) is a Norwegian singer who is the lead vocalist of the synth-pop band A-ha.

A-ha has released 11 studio albums as of 2024, and topped the charts internationally with their hit "Take On Me" in 1985. Harket has also released six solo albums. Before joining A-ha in 1982, Harket appeared on the Oslo club scene as the singer for blues outfit Souldier Blue.

Harket was named a Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olav by King Harald for his services to Norwegian music and his international success.
Round Island, Praslin
Round is an island in Seychelles, lying less than a mile (550 m) southeast of the island of Praslin tilted a little to the southeast of Praslin's easternmost Peninsula and 48 km north-east of the island of Mahe

Mahé
Mahé is the largest island of Seychelles, with an area of 157.3 square kilometres (60.7 sq mi), lying in the northeast of the Seychellois nation in the Somali Sea part of the Indian Ocean. The population of Mahé was 77,000, as of the 2010 census. It contains the capital city of Victoria and accommodates 86% of the country's total population.  The island was named after Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, a French governor of Isle de France (modern-day Mauritius).
Henri François Anne de Roussel
Henri François Anne de Roussel (11 July 1748 in Saint-Bômer-les-Forges – 17 February 1812 in Caen) was a French naturalist.

He studied humanities and philosophy at the University of Caen, obtaining the rank of "maître ès-arts" in 1767. Afterwards he studied medicine in Caen, relocating to Paris in 1771, where he furthered his education. In 1773 he was appointed to the chair of medicine at Caen, where in 1786, he attained the chair of medical botany. Later on, he served as a professor of experimental physics and chemistry at the École centrale du Calvados.

Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as experiments by Galileo Galilei, to more complicated ones, such as the Large Hadron Collider.
Ihy (vizier)
Ihy (fl. c. 2360 BC) was an Ancient Egyptian official of the Fifth Dynasty, in office most likely under king Unas. Ihy was vizier and was therefore the most important official at the royal court only second to the king. Next to the titles of a vizier, he was also overseer of the treasuries, overseer of the scribes of the king's document, overseer of all royal works and overseer of the double granary. These are also important titles, demonstrating his important position at the royal court.

Ihy was the owner of a mastaba near the Pyramid of Unas. However, the mastaba was usurped by the king's daughter Seshseshet with the beautiful name of Idut, daughter of king Teti. The names and titles of the vizier are only preserved on the sarcophagus in the burial chamber.

Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Vizier is the generally accepted rendering of ancient Egyptian tjati, tjaty etc., among Egyptologists. The Instruction of Rekhmire (Installation of the Vizier), a New Kingdom text, defines many of the duties of the tjaty, and lays down codes of behavior. The viziers were often appointed by the pharaoh. During the 4th Dynasty and early 5th Dynasty, viziers were exclusively drawn from the royal family; from the period around the reign of Neferirkare Kakai onwards, they were chosen according to loyalty and talent or inherited the position from their fathers.
Mosaic of the Horses of Carthage
The mosaic of the horses is a Roman-era mosaic, approximately twelve meters by nine, discovered in 1960 at the archaeological site of Carthage, in present-day Tunisia, near the enigmatic monument known as the building with columns. It was later moved to the archaeological park of the Roman villas, near the so-called "Aviary Villa."

The mosaic is a checkerboard alternating between small figurative panels—mostly representations of horses—and geometric compositions. This "rich iconographic catalog [is] so far unparalleled," according to Azedine Beschaouch.

The combination of mosaic and opus sectile, along with its original theme, makes it one of the most interesting works uncovered at the site in the 20th century. However, it poses questions for specialists regarding its precise dating, inspiration, and influence beyond Africa, as some details are also found in the mosaics of the Roman villa of Casale in Sicily.

Roman villa
A Roman villa was typically a farmhouse or country house in the territory of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, sometimes reaching extravagant proportions.

Nevertheless, the term "Roman villa" generally covers buildings with the common features of being extra-urban (i.e. located outside urban settlements, unlike the domus which was inside them) and residential, with accommodation for the owner. The definition also changed with time: the earliest examples are mostly humble farmhouses in Italy, while from the Republican period a range of larger building types are included.
Darryl Jenifer
Darryl Jenifer (born October 22, 1960) is an American musician, widely known as the bassist for the hardcore punk band Bad Brains and for the rap-rock group The White Mandingos. He appeared in TV's Illest Minority Moments presented by ego trip and the three-part ego trip's Race-O-Rama on VH1.

Jenifer credits numerous musicians and bands for inspiring and influencing his playing, including Al Di Meola, James Jamerson, Geezer Butler, Larry Graham, Stanley Clarke, Percy Jones, Aston Barrett, Lloyd Parks, Errol Holt, Bob Marley, Mahavishnu Orchestra, 999, Eater, Stevie Wonder, Paul Simonon, the Ramones, Return to Forever, Brand X, Weather Report, Earth, Wind, and Fire, Lonnie Liston Smith, Roy Ayers, the Dickies, the Damned, Generation X, the Buzzcocks, Sly and the Family Stone, Led Zeppelin, Peter Frampton, and Black Sabbath.

Jenifer released his first solo album entitled In Search of Black Judas on October 26, 2010. The album had been in development for nearly a decade.

Eater (band)
Eater are an early British punk rock band from North London who took their name from a Marc Bolan lyric.

In October 2001, the band's second single, "Thinking of the USA" (originally released in June 1977), was included in Mojo magazine's list of the best punk rock singles of all time. In 1999, the track also appeared on the five-CD Universal Records box set 1-2-3-4 Punk & New Wave 1976-1979.

Their sound has been characterized as "run-of-the-mill dole queue punk rock" and "basic boy-ish punk rock".

In 2022, Andy Blade collaborated with rock'n'roll band JoJo & The Teeth in a new incarnation of Eater, starting with warm up gigs under the alias Ant.
Iberian painted frog
The Iberian painted frog (Discoglossus galganoi) is a species of frog in the family Alytidae (formerly Discoglossidae). It is found in Portugal and Spain, where its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, sandy shores, arable land, and grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Alytidae
The Alytidae are a family of primitive frogs. Their common name is painted frogs or midwife toads. Most are endemic to Europe, but three species occur in northwest Africa, and a species formerly thought to be extinct is found in Israel.

This family is also known as Discoglossidae, but the older name Alytidae has priority and is now recognized by major reference works. Some researchers, though, suggest that Alytes and Discoglossus are different enough to be treated as belonging to separate families, implying resurrection of the Discoglossidae. The term "discoglossid" has also been used to refer to many primitive fossil frogs that share plesiomorphic (ancestral) similities to alytids, but that are probably not closely related.
Linda Good
Linda Good is an American musician, composer, writer, songwriter and producer. She is the co-founder, with her twin sister Laura, of the alternative pop band The Twigs. Good has also toured as a keyboardist with Jane's Addiction (2001),The Mars Volta (2002), the Lisa Marie Presley Band (2002–2006) and Bitter:Sweet (2007–2008). She co-wrote the musical Ladyship, which was an Official Grand Jury Selection of the New York Musical Festival (NYMF) and debuted in New York City at the Alice Griffin Jewel Box Theater in July 2019. Ladyship was also a finalist for the 2020 Richard Rodgers Award for Musical Theater. She and her twin sister Laura were born in Ohio, lived in Mexico City as toddlers, and grew up in Chicago. She is a graduate of the Chicago Academy for Performing Arts High School in Chicago, the University of Illinois, and studied abroad at University College-Cardiff, Wales. She has been based out of Los Angeles since 2000.

Chris Trapper
Chris Trapper (born March 31, 1971, in Buffalo, New York) is an American songwriter and musician, best known as the singer and guitarist of the band The Push Stars. His song “This Time” appeared in August Rush.
University Press of Colorado
The University Press of Colorado is a nonprofit publisher that was established in 1965. It is currently a member of the Association of University Presses and has been since 1982.

Initially associated with Colorado public universities, the University Press of Colorado is currently a multi-state consortium supported by certain Colorado-based public universities (viz., Adams State University, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Metropolitan State University of Denver, the University of Colorado System, the University of Northern Colorado, Western Colorado University, and the Colorado School of Mines), a Colorado-based private university (viz., Regis University), and three non-Colorado-based universities (viz. the University of Alaska System, Utah State University, and the University of Wyoming). This makes it one of the few university presses in the United States to have more than one affiliate university.

Regis University
Regis University (/ˈriːdʒɪs/ REE-jiss) is a private Jesuit university in Denver, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1877 by the Society of Jesus, the university offers more than 120 degrees through three colleges in a variety of subjects, including education, liberal arts, business, nursing, and technology. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Regis is one of 27 Jesuit Catholic universities in the United States, and is the only Jesuit institution in the Rocky Mountain region.