hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human rights in Monaco
Monaco is a country governed by a sovereign prince and a National Council, who cooperate on all legislative procedures. The country had elections in 2013, which international observers declared legitimate. Monaco has established policy that protects human rights. Nevertheless, there has been pressure from various parties to improve said rights in the country.

There have been several recent cases of prisoner mistreatment in Monaco, including prison facilities that have allegedly failed to provide sufficient recreation time for prisoners. In addition, several large organizations such as the Council of Europe's European Committee for the Prevention of Torture have been active in reviewing the prison system in the country. Other issues include the preservation of national security, wherefore the country maintains voice recordings of anybody engaged in organized crime.

Prisoner
A prisoner, also known as an inmate or detainee, is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will. This can be by confinement or captivity in a prison or physical restraint. The term usually applies to one serving a sentence in prison.
Tuscaloosa Marine Shale
The Tuscaloosa Marine Shale is a 90-million-year-old Late Cretaceous sedimentary rock formation across the Gulf Coast region of the United States.

It is similar in composition and geological age to the Eagle Ford Shale formation in southern Texas.

The thickness of the formation varies from 500–800 feet, and is located at a depth of 11,000-15,000 feet.

Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South or the South Coast, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States.

The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are (from west to east) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. All are the centers or major cities of their respective metropolitan areas and many contain large ports.
Ted Durcan
Thomas Edward Durcan (born 25 February 1973) is a retired, two-time British Classic-winning Irish jockey. He was champion jockey in the United Arab Emirates on seven occasions and rode over 1,000 winners in Great Britain in career lasting from 1992 to 2017.

Premio Roma
The Premio Roma is a Group 2 flat horse race in Italy open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Capannelle over a distance 2,000 metres (about 1¼ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in November.
Crosslinguistic influence
Crosslinguistic influence (CLI) refers to the different ways in which one language can affect another within an individual speaker. It typically involves two languages that can affect one another in a bilingual speaker.  An example of CLI is the influence of Korean on a Korean native speaker who is learning Japanese or French. Less typically, it could also refer to an interaction between different dialects in the mind of a monolingual speaker. CLI can be observed across subsystems of languages including pragmatics, semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, phonetics, and orthography. Discussed further in this article are particular subcategories of CLI—transfer, attrition, the complementarity principle, and additional theories.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Orobica
The Orobica or Valgerola is an Italian breed of domestic goat from the Val Gerola in the province of Sondrio, in the Bergamo Alps of northern Italy. It is raised in the Val Gerola and the Valchiavenna in the province of Sondrio, in the Alto Lario Occidentale, the Valsassina and the Val Varrone in the province of Como, and in the upper Val Brembana in the Province of Bergamo. The origins of the breed are unknown; it is first documented at the beginning of the twentieth century.: 379  The Orobica is one of the eight autochthonous Italian goat breeds for which a genealogical herd-book is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders.

At the end of 2013 the registered population was 1109.

Bergamasque Alps
The Bergamasque Alps or Bergamo Alps (Italian: Alpi Orobie; sometimes translated into English as Orobic Alps) are a mountain range in the Italian Alps. They are located in northern Lombardy and named after the city Bergamo, south of the mountains. Within the Eastern Alps, the Alpine Club or AVE system places them within the Western Limestone Alps, while the SOIUSA system classifies them within the Southeastern Alps.
Delegated Authority for the Security of the Republic
The Delegated Authority for the Security of the Republic (Italian: Autorità Delegata per la Sicurezza della Repubblica) is an Italian government agency within the Council of Ministers with the aim of coordinating the Prime Minister and intelligence agencies. The current officeholder is Alfredo Mantovano, Secretary of the Council of Ministers in the government of Giorgia Meloni.

Meloni government
The Meloni government is the 68th and current government of the Italian Republic, the first headed by Giorgia Meloni, leader of Brothers of Italy, who is also the first woman to hold the office of Prime Minister of Italy. The government was sworn in on 22 October 2022. It was one of the fastest government formations in the history of the Italian Republic. It was variously described as a shift to the political right, as well as the first far-right-led coalition in Italy since World War II.
American Wood Council
The American Wood Council (AWC) is a trade association that represents North American wood products manufacturers.

North American membership includes companies and industry associations; among them, Boise Cascade LLC, Canfor USA/New South, Georgia-Pacific LLC, Interfor Corporation, Kapstone, Louisiana Pacific, Masonite, Norbord Inc., Plum Creek Timber, Potlatch Corp., Sierra Pacific Industries, West Fraser, West Rock Company, Weyerhaeuser Company, and the Canadian Wood Council.

Norbord
Norbord Inc. was a Canadian company that manufactured wood-based panels and became the world's largest producer of oriented strand board (OSB). Norbord also manufactured particleboard, medium-density fibreboard (MDF) and related value-added products. Norbord had assets of approximately $1.7 billion and employs approximately 2,600 people at 17 plant locations in the United States, Canada and Europe.
George Harvey Collegiate Institute
George Harvey Collegiate Institute (George Harvey CI, GHCI, also known simply as Harvey) was a high school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was formerly known as George Harvey Vocational School and George Harvey Secondary School. It was located in the former suburb of York and was part of the Toronto District School Board. Before 1998, it was part of the Board of Education for the City of York.

The school opened in 1952 as the first vocational school in the former City of York for students who wanted to pursue skilled trades. It became a composite secondary school focused on technology and offered a STEPS to University program, as well as a program called Game Design. George Harvey was also the first TDSB school to provide netbooks to students. The school ceased to exist as an individual school on June 30, 2022, when the student body consolidated with York Memorial Collegiate Institute, in the same building, which will operate until 2026.

York, Ontario
York is a district and former city within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located northwest of Old Toronto, southwest of North York and east of the Humber River.

Originally formed as York Township, it encompassed the southern section of York County. It was split several times, creating East York and North York. In 1953, it became part of the Metropolitan Toronto federation. It absorbed several municipalities, including Lambton Mills and Weston and was eventually known as the City of York. In 1998, it was dissolved along with Metro Toronto and its constituent municipalities, amalgamated to form the current City of Toronto.

Today, the area is integrated into the multicultural mosaic of Toronto. The area is home today to several ethnic enclaves such as Portuguese, Jamaican and Latin American neighbourhoods.
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain
The Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain is an archdiocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Eastern Orthodox Church. The incumbent archeparch is Archbishop Nikitas (Loulias). Its jurisdiction covers those Orthodox Christians living in the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. The adherents are largely of Cypriot Greek descent, mainland Greek migrants and their descendants, and more recently native British converts along with a few Poles, Belarusians, and Ukrainians. The episcopal seat is the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom (also known as Saint Sophia's) which is situated in London.

Eparchy
Eparchy (Greek: ἐπαρχία eparchía "overlordship") is an ecclesiastical unit in Eastern Christianity that is equivalent to a diocese in Western Christianity. An eparchy is governed by an eparch, who is a bishop. Depending on the administrative structure of a specific Eastern Church, an eparchy can belong to an ecclesiastical province (usually a metropolis), but it can also be exempt. Each eparchy is divided into parishes, in the same manner as a diocese in Western Churches. Historical development of eparchies in various Eastern Churches was marked by local distinctions that can be observed in modern ecclesiastical practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches.
USS Kishwaukee
USS Kishwaukee (AOG-9) was a Patapsco-class gasoline tanker acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of transporting gasoline to warships in the fleet, and to remote Navy stations.

Kishwaukee had the distinction of being one of the few ships serving in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, and returned home with battle and campaign stars to their credit.

Kishwaukee was launched 24 July 1943, by Cargill Shipyard, Savage, Minnesota; sponsored by Mrs. John Shipp; and commissioned 27 May 1944.

Sasebo
Sasebo (佐世保市, Sasebo-shi) is a core city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the second-largest city in Nagasaki Prefecture, after its capital, Nagasaki. As of 1 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 230,873 in 102,670 households, and a  population density of 540 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 426.01 km2 (164.48 sq mi).
Derhan group
The Derhan group was an element of the French resistance in the Moselle department of France during World War II. It was founded by Joseph Derhan, a laborer from Hagondange who had in 1942 formed a group called the Parti de Gaulle composed of fifteen workers from the valley of the Orne, who supported Charles de Gaulle.

Active in 1942 and 1943, the group was dismantled by the Nazis between January and May 1944. The members were tried between 7 and 13 November 1944 at Bayreuth. Joseph Derhan  (1903–1944), the principal activist, was already dead, having died ten days after his arrest, under torture, at the Fort de Queuleu near Metz.

The group had been given the missions of collecting arms for the Liberation, distributing pro-Gaullist propaganda, inciting German draft resisters and French citizens avoiding the Reichsarbeitsdienst labor corps.

Bayreuth
Bayreuth (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪʁɔʏt] ⓘ or [baɪˈʁɔʏt] ⓘ; Upper Franconian: Bareid, pronounced [ba(ː)ˈɾaɪ̯t]) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtel Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It hosts the annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.
Zsuzsanna Borvendég
Zsuzsanna Borvendég (born 4 November 1974) is a Hungarian historian and politician of Our Homeland Movement who was elected member of the European Parliament in 2024. She previously worked at the Hungarian Research Institute and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit in 2022.

Hungarian Order of Merit
The Hungarian Order of Merit (Hungarian: Magyar Érdemrend) is the fourth highest State Order of Hungary.  Founded in 1991, the order is a revival of an original order founded in 1946 and abolished in 1949. Its origins, however, can be traced to the Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary which existed from 1922 until 1946.

In 2011 its official name changed from Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary to Hungarian Order of Merit in accordance with the new Hungarian Constitution. It is awarded in either civilian or military divisions.

Since 2011, the Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen is the highest State honour of Hungary.
Fıstıkağacı (Istanbul Metro)
Fıstıkağacı is an underground station on the M5 line of the Istanbul Metro in Üsküdar. It is located beneath Cumhuriyet Avenue in İcadiye, Üsküdar. Connection to IETT city buses is available from at street level.

The station consists of an island platform with two tracks. Since the M5 is an ATO line, protective gates on each side of the platform open only when a train is in the station. Fıstıkağacı station was opened on 15 December 2017, together with eight other stations between Üsküdar and Yamanevler.

Automatic train operation
Automatic train operation (ATO) is a method of operating trains automatically where the driver is not required or is required for supervision at most. Alternatively, ATO can be defined as a subsystem within the automatic train control, which performs any or all of functions like programmed stopping, speed adjusting, door operation, and similar otherwise assigned to the train operator.

The degree of automation is indicated by the Grade of Automation (GoA), up to GoA4 in which the train is automatically controlled without any staff on board. On most systems for lower grades of automation up to GoA2, there is a driver present to mitigate risks associated with failures or emergencies. Driverless automation is primarily used on automated guideway transit systems where it is easier to ensure the safety due to isolated tracks. Fully automated trains for mainline railways are an area of research. The first driverless experiments in the history of train automation  date back to 1920s.
Cristina Pîrv
Cristina-Lucreția Pîrv (born (1972 -06-29)29 June 1972) is a Romanian female volleyball player, who played as a wing spiker. She was part of the Romania women's national volleyball team at the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Brazil., 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Germany, and 2001 Women's European Volleyball Championship.

2002 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship was the fourteenth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 30 August to 15 September 2002 in Berlin, Bremen, Dresden, Münster, Schwerin, Riesa, Leipzig, and Stuttgart, Germany. The tournament saw the discontinuation of Cuba's historic eight consecutive world titles, as the team finished fifth after being eliminated by the United States in the quarterfinals.
Immyrla
Immyrla is a genus of snout moths in the family Pyralidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1906. The genus contains only one species, Immyrla nigrovittella. Snout moths are a type of pyralid moth, which are in turn a type of lepidopteran, or butterfly and moth, in the order Lepidoptera. Like all insects, snout moths belong to the phylum Arthropoda and the kingdom Animalia.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Adamova Manor
Adamova Manor (Latvian: Adamovas muižas pils, German: Adamhof, Latgalian: Odumova, Polish: Adamowa ) is a manor house in Vērēmi Parish, Rēzekne Municipality built in 1851 in the historical region of Latgale, in Latvia on the shores of Adamova Lake.

Latgalian language
Latgalian (latgalīšu volūda, Latvian: latgaliešu valoda) is an East Baltic language. The language law of Latvia classifies it as a "historical variant of the Latvian language". It is mostly spoken in Latgale, the eastern part of Latvia. The 2011 Latvian census established that 164,500 of Latvia's inhabitants, or 8.8% of the population, speak Latgalian daily. 97,600 of them lived in Latgale, 29,400 in Riga and 14,400 in the Riga Planning Region.
His Fleetwood Mac Years and Beyond, Vol. 2
Bob Welch: His Fleetwood Mac Years & Beyond Vol. 2 is an album of re-recordings of songs by former Fleetwood Mac guitarist turned solo artist Bob Welch, released in 2006 as a follow-up to the 2003 album His Fleetwood Mac Years & Beyond. This album contained six brand new songs in addition to re-recordings of two of Welch's earlier solo tracks and three Fleetwood Mac tracks from before and after Welch's tenure in the group. There were also re-recordings of three songs Welch had recorded while in the group albeit two of them only appeared on the digital edition.

Bob Welch (musician)
Robert Lawrence Welch Jr. (August 31, 1945 – June 7, 2012) was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter who was a member of Fleetwood Mac from 1971 to 1974. He had a successful solo career in the late 1970s. His singles included "Hot Love, Cold World", "Ebony Eyes", "Precious Love", "Hypnotized", and his signature song, "Sentimental Lady".
Gin pole
A  gin pole is a pivoting mast supported by one or more guy-wires that uses a pulley or block and tackle mounted on its upper end to lift loads.  The lower end is braced or set in a shallow hole and positioned so the upper end lies above the object to be lifted.  The pole (also known as a mast, boom, or spar) is secured with three or more guys. These are manipulated to move the load laterally, with up and down controlled by the pulley or block. In tower construction, a gin pole can also be “jumped” up the completed sections of a tower to lift the higher sections into place.

Pulley
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft enabling a taut cable or belt passing over the wheel to move and change direction, or transfer power between itself and a shaft.

A pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to locate the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain.
Haemi Balgassi
Haemi Balgassi (born 1967) is a Korean American writer. She is the author of award-winning children's books including Peacebound Trains and Tae's Sonata.

Balgassi was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Western Massachusetts. Her stories, articles, essays, and poetry have been published in numerous publications, including Cicada, Hopscotch, Liquorian, Complete Woman, romance magazines, and literary journals. Balgassi was one of 45 authors and illustrators featured in Children's Authors and Illustrators Too Good to Miss, a reference book by Sharron L. McElmeel.

American Booksellers Association
The American Booksellers Association (ABA) is a non-profit trade association founded in 1900 that promotes independent bookstores in the United States. ABA's core members are key participants in their communities' local economy and culture, and to assist them ABA creates relevant programs; provides education, information, business products, and services; and engages in public policy and industry advocacy. The Association actively supports and defends free speech and the First Amendment rights of all Americans, without contradiction of equity and inclusion, through the American Booksellers for Free Expression. A volunteer board of 13 booksellers governs the Association. Previously headquartered in White Plains, New York, ABA became a fully remote organization in 2024.

In 1947, ABA launched the American Booksellers Association Convention and Trade Show, later known as BookExpo America (though ABA had held conventions as early as 1901).
2023 Canadian Championship final
The 2023 Canadian Championship final was the deciding match of the 2023 Canadian Championship and was played on June 7, 2023. For the second year in a row, it was hosted at BC Place in Vancouver, British Columbia by defending champions Vancouver Whitecaps FC, who played CF Montréal.

This was the third final played between Vancouver and Montreal, with the clubs having met in the 2013 and 2015 finals. This was also the first final since 2015 to not involve Toronto FC.

Vancouver Whitecaps won their third title following a 2–1 victory, qualifying them for the 2024 CONCACAF Champions Cup.

2024 CONCACAF Champions Cup
The 2024 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the 59th season of the North, Central America, and the Caribbean's premier club football tournament organized by CONCACAF, and the first since it was rebranded as the CONCACAF Champions Cup. This was the first season under a new format featuring 27 teams and a five-round knockout phase.

Pachuca won their sixth title, defeating Columbus Crew of MLS in the final 3–0. As winners, they qualified for the 2024 FIFA Intercontinental Cup, held in December. Pachuca also qualified for the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup in the United States, alongside the 2021 winners Monterrey, the 2022 winners Seattle Sounders FC, and the 2023 winners León. However, due to Pachuca and León sharing the same ownership, León was later disqualified from the tournament.
Affirmation (George Benson song)
"Affirmation" is a composition by José Feliciano, written in 1975 and first released on his album Just Wanna Rock 'n' Roll the same year. It was made popular by jazz guitarist George Benson on his 1976 album Breezin'. It was one of Benson's greatest hits and it is regarded as a jazz standard.

Japanese DJ and composer Nujabes sampled Jose Feliciano's rendition of Affirmation for the instrumental track, Counting Stars, which appears on the compilation album, Hydeout Productions 2nd Collection.

Breezin'
Breezin' is the fifteenth studio album by jazz/soul guitarist and vocalist George Benson.  It is his debut on Warner Bros. Records.  It not only was a Billboard Jazz Albums chart-topper but also went to number 1 on the Pop and R&B charts. It was certified triple platinum, making it one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time.