hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cairncross (surname)
Cairncross is a surname of Scottish origin, mostly found and is believed to originate in the east of Scotland. It is derived from locality Cairncross, Angus and typically found in Angus, East Lothian, Fife, Perthshire, and in the Borders.

Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Cairncross (disambiguation), multiple people

Cam Cairncross (born 1972), Australian baseball player

Frances Cairncross (born 1944), British economist, journalist and academic

John Cairncross (1913–1995), Soviet spy from Glasgow

Robert Cairncross (died 1544), Scottish bishop of Edinburgh in the 16th century

Sandy Cairncross (born 1948), expert on tropical environmental health

Sandy Cairncross
Alexander "Sandy" Messent Cairncross OBE (born 8 March 1948) is an epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). He has an interest in environmental interventions for disease control, including both technical issues and policy.
Mary Ann Raghanti
Mary Ann Raghanti is an American  biological anthropologist. She is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She won an Ig Nobel Prize.

She teaches at Kent State University.

She researched neuropeptide Y. and beta-amyloid  protein.

Biological anthropology
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. This subfield of anthropology systematically studies human beings from a biological perspective.
Thomas Freienstein
Thomas Freienstein (born 9 March 1960) is a German former cyclist. He won the Hessen-Rundfahrt in 1982 and 1984. He competed in the individual road race and the team time trial events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

3-Länder-Tour
The 3-Länder-Tour der Sparkassen Versicherung was a multi-stage road bicycle race held around three Länder of Germany: Hessen, Thuringia and Baden-Württemberg. From 2005 until 2007 it was part of the UCI Europe Tour, being organised as a 2.1 race.

The race was previously known as Hessen-Rundfahrt, taking place in the Bundesland of Hessen, but in 2006 it expanded its territory to take place in the states of Thuringia and Baden-Württemberg.
HC Shakhtyor Soligorsk
Hockey Club Shakhtyor Soligorsk (Belarusian: ХК Шахцёр Салігорск, romanized: HK Shakhtsyor Salihorsk) is an ice hockey team based in Salihorsk (Soligorsk), Belarus. It was founded in 2009.  It is playing in the Belarusian Extraliga. The team is currently formed to act as farm club for Yastreby Pinsk of the Belarusian Higher League.

Vysshaya Liga (Belarus)
The Vysshaya Liga (Belarusian: Вышэйшая ліга; Russian: Высшая лига; Higher League) is the second level ice hockey league in Belarus. It primarily serves as a development league for the Belarusian Extraleague, with most of its clubs serving as affiliates for the higher league.
Gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase
In enzymology, a gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.94) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

4-(gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H2O  4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-(gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate and H2O, whereas its two products are 4-aminobutanoate and L-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-(gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate amidohydrolase. Other names in common use include gamma-glutamyl-GABA hydrolase, PuuD, and YcjL.  This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
Chlodwig Carl Viktor, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Prince of Ratibor and Corvey (German: Chlodwig Carl Viktor Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Prinz von Ratibor und von Corvey) (31 March 1819 – 6 July 1901), usually referred to as the Prince of Hohenlohe, was a German statesman, who served as the imperial chancellor of the German Empire and minister-president of Prussia from 1894 to 1900. Prior to his appointment as Chancellor, he had served in a number of other positions, including as minister-president of Bavaria (1866–1870), German Ambassador to Paris (1873–1880), Foreign Secretary (1880) and Imperial Lieutenant of Alsace-Lorraine (1885–1894). He was regarded as one of the most prominent liberal politicians of his time in Germany.

National Liberal Party (Germany)
The National Liberal Party (German: Nationalliberale Partei, NLP) was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918.

During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, the National Liberals became the dominant party in the Reichstag. While supporting the common ideals of liberalism and nationalism, the party contained two wings, which reflected the conflicting claims of its Hegelian and idealistic heritage: one emphasized the power of the state through the Nationalstaat, and the other emphasized the civil liberties of the Rechtsstaat. Although that cleavage later proved fatal for its unity, the National Liberals managed to remain the pivotal party in the decades after unification by cooperating with both the Progressives and the Free Conservatives on various issues.
Darren Henault
Darren N. Henault (born June 1, 1965) is an American interior designer and decorator who is primarily active in New York City and Millbrook, New York. His designs have been featured in Architectural Digest, Elle Décor, House and Garden, New York Magazine and House Beautiful. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Henault launched Tent in Amenia, New York, where he sells designed custom furniture and sourced home decor items.

Architectural Digest
Architectural Digest  (stylized in all caps) is an American monthly magazine founded in 1920. Its principal subjects are interior design and landscaping, rather than pure external architecture. The magazine is published by Condé Nast, which also publishes international editions of Architectural Digest in China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico/Latin America, the Middle East, Poland, and Spain.

Architectural Digest is aimed at an affluent and style-conscious readership, and is subtitled "The International Design Authority." The magazine releases the annual AD100 list, which recognizes the most influential interior designers and architects around the world.
Meginhere
Meginhere (Meginher, Meginherus) (died after 811), a Frankish count and nobleman from the court of Charlemagne, a confidant of the emperor.  Meginhere was one of the witnesses of the last will and testament of Charlemagne.  Meginhere is believed to be related to Gilbert, Count of the Maasgau, father of Reginar, Duke of Lorraine, although the precise relationship is unknown.

Meginhere married an unknown daughter of Hardrad, an early conspirator against Charlemagne.  They had one son:

Reginar (Reginhere), a Frankish nobleman.

Taking after his grandfather, Reginar was himself a conspirator against the crown, in his case, Louis the Pious. His relative, Reginar II, was father to Emmo, Count of Hesbaye.  Reginar II is believed to be the same as identified as the count of Missaticum 4 in the Capitulary of Servais implemented by Charles the Bald in 853.

Charles the Bald
Charles the Bald (French: Charles le Chauve; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) was a king of West Francia (843–77), king of Italy (875–77) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–77). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded, by the Treaty of Verdun (843), in acquiring the western third of the empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith.
Nyzhnie Lozove
Nyzhnie Lozove (Ukrainian: Нижнє Лозове; Russian: Нижнее Лозовое) is a village in Horlivka Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 61.8 km NE from the centre of Donetsk city.

The settlement was taken under control of pro-Russian forces during the War in Donbass, that started in 2014.

Horlivka Raion
Horlivka Raion (Ukrainian: Горлівський район, romanized: Horlivskyi raion; Russian: Горловский район, romanized: Gorlovsky rayon) is a prospective raion (district) of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is in the town of Horlivka. Population: 662,069 (2022 estimate). The area of the raion is occupied by Russia, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine. Prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, portions of the northern Maiorsk district of Horlivka were the only notable areas of the raion under Ukrainian government control.
Abradab
Marcin "AbradAb" Marten (born 12 November 1978 in Katowice) is a Polish rapper, actor and music producer. Marten is a founding member of big Polish hip-hop group Kaliber 44 and, since 2002, a solo artist. He is a member of Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (Związek Producentów Audio Video, ZPAV). Marten is a winner of four Fryderyk awards. In 2011, Machina magazine placed Marten at No.17 on the list of 30 best Polish rappers. He has also collaborated with artists like Piotr Banach, Bosski Roman, Maciej Maleńczuk, Wojciech Waglewski, Grubson, L.U.C, Ania Dąbrowska, Happysad, Tede, Peja, Gromee, Augustus Pablo, Kali and O.S.T.R.

Happysad
Happysad (stylized as happysad) is a Polish rock band. The band plays melodic rock with elements of punk and reggae. It was created in Skarżysko-Kamienna in 2001 by musicians who had been playing since 1995 under the name HCKF (Hard Core’owe Kółko Filozoficzne, "Hardcore Philosophical Circle"). In 1997 the name was changed to  Happy Sad Generation. The name Happysad was established in 2002.

Their first demo was released in 2002, contents of which were included in their debut album Wszystko jedno, released in 2004. Its music was described as "regressive rock completed with characteristic lyrics".

The band went on multiple national tours in Poland.
Col Thornton
Col Thornton (8 May 1927 – 12 September 2005) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Thornton was a follower, recruited to North Melbourne from Kensington and Coburg Amateurs. He had his first full season in 1950 and finished the year with an appearance in the 1950 VFL Grand Final, the first in the club's history. Thornton was the ruckman of the team but it was his opponent Bob McClure who would finish in the winning side.

Despite playing all 18 games in 1951, Thornton spent most of the 1952 and 1953 seasons in the reserves. He was granted a clearance to St Kilda in the 1954 pre-season but played just six senior games at his new club, where he was coached by former North Melbourne teammate Les Foote.

Coburg Amateurs Football Club
The Coburg Amateurs Football Club, nicknamed the Swans, was an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Coburg.

The club's most successful period was the 1930s, where it won two premierships and was runners-up in another four grand finals. It won senior premierships in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) in every decade that followed (excluding the 1940s), but struggled after 1982 and eventually folded in 1988.
1978 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1978 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the Big Eight Conference during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Bill Mallory, the Buffaloes compiled an overall record of 6–5 with a mark of 2–5 in conference play, placing seventh in the Big 8. Colorado played home games on campus at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado.

Colorado again won its first five games, all at home, but then lost five of six and Mallory was fired on November 21 by athletic director Eddie Crowder, the previous head coach. Mallory was succeeded by Chuck Fairbanks, the head coach of the New England Patriots in the National Football League (NFL) for six years and formerly at conference foe Oklahoma (1967–72).

The next winning season for Colorado was seven years later, in 1985.

1985 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1985 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the Big Eight Conference during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Bill McCartney, the Buffaloes switched to a wishbone offense and finished the regular season at 7–4 (4–3 in Big 8, tied for third). Home games were played on campus at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado.

Colorado, 1–10 the previous season, won five of its first six games, earned its first bowl invitation in nine years, and won the NCAA Most Improved Team Award. In a competitive Freedom Bowl in late December, CU fell to the favored Washington Huskies by three points in Anaheim; both teams finished at 7–5.
Henri Kichka
Henri Kichka (14 April 1926 – 25 April 2020) was a Belgian writer and Holocaust survivor who was one of the leading figures in Holocaust education in Belgium. Kichka was the only member of his family to have survived the deportation of Belgian Jews to camps in Central and Eastern Europe. He began speaking on the importance of the memory of those who perished at the hands of the Nazis in the 1980s and spoke widely on his experiences to school audience. In 2005, published his autobiography, Une adolescence perdue dans la nuit des camps with a preface by the French historian Serge Klarsfeld. He is the father of cartoonist Michel Kichka.

Serge Klarsfeld
Serge Klarsfeld (born 17 September 1935) is a Romanian-born French activist and Nazi hunter known for documenting the Holocaust in order to establish the record and to enable the prosecution of war criminals. Since the 1960s, he has made notable efforts to commemorate the Jewish victims of German-occupied France and has been a supporter of Israel.
Chantry Place
Chantry Place, formerly Intu Chapelfield and before that Chapelfield, is a shopping centre in Norwich city centre, on a site previously occupied by the Caleys (later Rowntree Mackintosh and Nestlé) chocolate factory.

As Chapelfield, the centre opened in 2005. It adopted Intu branding in 2013 following the renaming of its parent Capital Shopping Centres to become Intu Properties in line with most of the company's centres. Intu entered administration in June 2020 and Chapelfield transferred to new ownership in October that year, being renamed Chantry Place.

Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery
Rowntree Mackintosh plc (/ˈraʊntriː ˈmækɪntɒʃ/ ROWN-tree MAH-kin-taw-sh), trading as Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery, was an English confectionery company based in York, England. It was formed by the merger of Rowntree's and John Mackintosh Co. The company was famous for making chocolate brands, such as Kit Kat, Aero and Quality Street. It was purchased by Nestlé in 1988, with products rebranded under its own brand.

Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery owned Mackintosh's former Halifax headquarters and factory. The factory is still in use, located next to Halifax railway station, for production of Quality Street and other confections.

The former Rowntree's factory and headquarters were in York. Nestlé still operates in York with one of the world's largest confectionery factories and a global research centre for confectionery base.
Hinata Suzuki
Hinata Suzuki (鈴木 陽向, Suzuki Hinata; born 26 March 2002) is a Japanese badminton player who specializes in doubles. A bronze medalist in girls' doubles at the 2019 World Junior Championships, she won her first senior international title at the 2025 Saipan International. Suzuki achieved a career-high women's doubles ranking of world No. 34 on 10 February 2026.

2019 BWF World Junior Championships
The 2019 BWF World Junior Championships was the twenty-first edition of the BWF World Junior Championships. It was held in Kazan, Russia at the Kazan Gymnastics Center from 30 September to 13 October 2019.
Addison Gillespie Smith
Addison Gillespie Smith (October 1, 1851 – May 16, 1933) was a lawyer, prosecutor, mayor, and state legislator in Alabama. He served in the Alabama Senate from 1880 to 1884. He was a member of Beta Theta Pi and studied law in Birmingham.

He was born in Livingston, Alabama. His father Edward W. Smith (died February 25, 1874) served in the state legislature. A Democrat, he represented Sumter County, Alabama.

Addison Smith graduated from the law department at Cumberland University in Tennessee in 1873. He served as mayor of Livingston. He later moved to Birmingham.

He married Florence Devereux Hopkins December 1, 1875. He had three sons and a daughter. Edward Devereux Smith was one of their sons. He became a lawyer and wrote about the Smith family's history.

Smith was a Democrat and represented Jefferson County, Alabama.

Livingston, Alabama
Livingston is a city in and the county seat of Sumter County, Alabama, United States and the home of the University of West Alabama. By an act of the state legislature, it was incorporated on January 10, 1835. As of the 2020 census, Livingston had a population of 3,436. It was named in honor of Edward Livingston, of the Livingston family of New York.
Junta de Traslaloma
Junta de Traslaloma is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 200 inhabitants.

The Junta de Traslaloma is made up of nine towns: Castrobarto (seat or capital), Colina, Cubillos, Las Eras, Lastras de las Eras, Tabliega, Villalacre, Villatarás and Villaventín.

Province of Burgos
The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Burgos is the province of Spain that has borders with most provinces. Its capital is the city of Burgos.

The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language.
Station 19 season 2
The second season of the American television action-drama Station 19, spin off of Grey's Anatomy, began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on October 4, 2018, and concluded on May 16, 2019.  The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company.

This is the first season to feature Boris Kodjoe as a series regular.  This is the last season under showrunner Stacy McKee and the last season to feature Alberto Frezza as a series regular.  On May 10, 2019, the series was renewed for a third season.

Station 19 centers around the professional and personal lives of the firefighters of the fictional Station 19 of the Seattle Fire Department.  Several plot points connect to parent series Grey's Anatomy through fictional crossover events.

Action fiction
Action fiction is a genre in literature that focuses on stories involving high-stakes, high-energy, and fast-paced events. This genre includes a wide range of subgenres, such as spy novels, adventure stories, tales of terror, intrigue ("cloak and dagger"), and mysteries.  These kinds of stories utilize suspense, the tension that is built up when the reader wishes to know how the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist is going to be resolved or the solution to a mystery of a thriller.

The intricacies of human relationships or the nuances of philosophy and psychology are rarely explored in action fiction, typically being fast-paced mysteries that merely seek to provide the reader with an exhilarating experience.

Action fiction can also be a plot element of non-literary works such as graphic novels and film.
2019 Hainan PLAN fighter plane crash
On 12 March 2019, a fighter plane of the People's Liberation Army Navy, likely a Xi'an JH-7A, crashed in Ledong Li Autonomous County while on a training flight. The pilots Ren Yongtao and Zhan Jinxin were killed, and were later called martyrs by the Southern Theater Command Navy Air Force

The aircraft suffered a malfunction and the cause of the ejection seat failure leading to the pilots' deaths remains unknown.

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
Imanta Station
Imanta Station is a railway station situated near and named after the Imanta neighbourhood of the Kurzeme District of Riga, Latvia.

It is located on the Torņakalns – Tukums II Railway. All electric trains of the line stop at the station.

Kurzeme District, Riga
Kurzeme District (Latvian: Kurzemes rajons) is one of six administrative districts of Riga, the capital of Latvia.

Kurzeme is the Latvian name for Courland, a historical and cultural region of Latvia.

56°59′48″N 24°01′45″E﻿ / ﻿56.996623°N 24.029045°E﻿ / 56.996623; 24.029045
Maria Manuela Chaves
Maria Manuela Chaves (born in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, on September 10, 1946) is a Portuguese agronomist and researcher known for her research on ecophysiology, or plant adaptations during development in adverse conditions. Her research specifically focused on applications to agriculture with a specialization on the adaptation of grapevines and Vineyards in response to drought conditions created by climate change. She is the author of the book Grapevine in a Changing Environment and was awarded the scientific merit medal from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education in 2017.

Ecophysiology
Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.  It is closely related to comparative physiology and evolutionary physiology. Ernst Haeckel's coinage bionomy is sometimes employed as a synonym.
United States Deputy Secretary of Labor
The United States deputy secretary of labor is the second-highest-ranking official in the United States Department of Labor. In the United States federal government, the deputy secretary oversees the day-to-day operation of the Department of Labor, and may act as secretary of labor during the absence of the secretary. The deputy secretary is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate and the Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee.
Keith Sonderling was confirmed on March 13, 2025 to the position.

United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions
The United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) generally considers these major social policy issues. Its jurisdiction also extends beyond these issues to include several more specific areas, as defined by Senate rules.