hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
51827 Laurelclark
51827 Laurelclark (provisional designation 2001 OH38) is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 July 2001, by astronomers of the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking program at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named for astronaut Laurel Clark, who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

Palomar Observatory
The Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Research time at the observatory is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Yale University, and the National Astronomical Observatories of China.

The observatory operates several telescopes, including the 200-inch (5.1 m) Hale Telescope, the 48-inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin telescope (dedicated to the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF), the Palomar 60-inch (1.5 m) Telescope, and the 30-centimetre (12-inch) Gattini-IR telescope. Decommissioned instruments include the Palomar Testbed Interferometer and the first telescopes at the observatory, an 18-inch (46 cm) Schmidt camera from 1936.
Shōji Satō (artist)
Shōji Satō (佐藤 ショウジ, Satō Shōji) is a Japanese manga artist and illustrator. He has also published various dōjinshi under the pen name Inazuma and runs an erotic genre group called Digital Accel Works. He is responsible for the character design and illustration for the Highschool of the Dead manga. He is the former assistant of Kōshi Rikudō, the creator of the popular manga series Excel Saga.

Doujinshi
Doujinshi (同人誌), also romanized as dōjinshi, is the Japanese term for self-published print works, such as magazines, manga, and novels. Part of a wider category of doujin (self-published) works, doujinshi are often derivative of existing works and created by amateurs, though some professional artists participate in order to publish material outside the regular industry.

Groups of doujinshi artists refer to themselves as a sākuru (サークル, circle). Several such groups actually consist of a single artist: they are sometimes called kojin sākuru (個人サークル, personal circles).

Since the 1980s, the main method of distribution has been through regular doujinshi conventions, the largest of which is called Comiket (short for "Comic Market") held in the summer and winter in Tokyo's Big Sight. At the convention, over 20 acres (81,000 m2) of doujinshi are bought, sold, and traded by attendees.
Lower Merion School District
Lower Merion School District, or LMSD, is a public school district located in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. The school district includes residents of both Lower Merion Township and the Borough of Narberth.  Established in 1836, LMSD is one of the oldest districts in Pennsylvania.  It is the wealthiest school district in the state, and one of the wealthiest school districts in the country.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Laura Rogora
Laura Rogora (born 28 April 2001) is an Italian rock climber who specializes in sport climbing and in competition climbing (and competition lead climbing in particular). In 2021, she became only the third-ever female climber in history to redpoint a 9b (5.15b)-graded sport climbing route, with her ascent of Erebor in Italy.  In 2025, she became the first-ever female climber in history to onsight a 8c+ (5.14c)-graded sport climbing route, with her ascent of Ultimate Sacrifice in France.

Loup (river)
The Loup (French pronunciation: [lu] ⓘ; Occitan: Lop) is a river in the Alpes-Maritimes department, Southeastern France. With a length of 49 kilometres (30 mi), it ends in the Mediterranean Sea in Villeneuve-Loubet, near Cagnes-sur-Mer. It takes its source in Andon.
Mathematica Applicanda
Mathematica Applicanda is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering applied mathematics. It was established in 1973 by the Polish Mathematical Society as Series III of the Annales Societatis Mathematicae Polonae, under the name Matematyka Stosowana (ISSN 0137-2890). The first editor-in-chief was Marceli Stark. In 1999 the journal was renamed Matematyka Stosowana-Matematyka dla Społeczeństwa (ISSN 1730-2668 ). Since 2012 its main issue is the electronic one with the name Mathematica Applicanda with ISSN 2299-4009.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
Police Regiment Centre
The Police Regiment Centre (Polizei-Regiment Mitte) was a formation of the Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During Operation Barbarossa, it was subordinated to the Schutzstaffel (SS) and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the Army Group Centre Rear Area, of the Soviet Union. In mid-1942, its three constituent battalions were reassigned and the unit was re-designated as the 13th Police Regiment.

Alongside detachments from the Einsatzgruppen and the SS Cavalry Brigade, it perpetrated mass murders and was responsible for large-scale crimes against humanity targeting civilian populations in the course of Nazi security warfare. The scope of the regiment's operations had been known to British intelligence since July 1941, but, for reasons of national security, information pertaining to their activities was not released until 1993.

SS Cavalry Brigade
The SS Cavalry Brigade (SS-Kavallerie-Brigade) was a unit of the German Waffen-SS during World War II. Operating under the control of the Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS, it initially performed rear security duties in German-occupied Poland. During the Invasion of the Soviet Union, the brigade operated in the rear of the German forces, in the Army Group Rear Area Command. It engaged bypassed Red Army units and carried out murders of Jews, Communists and suspected Soviet partisans. In 1942, the brigade was disbanded and its personnel was transferred to the newly formed SS Division Florian Geyer.
Ministries of Brazil
The ministries of Brazil are organs of the federal government of Brazil. Since January 2025, there are 38 executive departments, being 31 ministries, 4 secretariats and 4 cabinet-level offices. Each ministry is responsible for a specific area and is headed by a minister or a chief-minister. The office head is appointed by the President of the Republic.

President of Brazil
The president of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil.

The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.
Portfolio Committee on Correctional Services
The Portfolio Committee on Correctional Services is a portfolio committee of the National Assembly of South Africa. It is responsible for oversight of the agencies managed by the Minister of Correctional Services, including the Department of Correctional Services.

The committee was established during the first post-apartheid Parliament, with Carl Niehaus as its inaugural chairperson. After the 2014 general election, it was merged into the Portfolio Committee on Justice and Correctional Services, in response to the corresponding ministerial merger that created the Ministry of Justice and Correctional Services. That merger was reversed after the 2024 general election and an independent portfolio committee was re-established.

Department of Correctional Services (South Africa)
The Department of Correctional Services is a department of the South African government. It is responsible for running South Africa's prison system. The department has about 34,000 staff and is responsible for the administration of 240 prisons, which  accommodates about 189,748 inmates. The prisons include minimum, medium and maximum security facilities. The agency is headquartered in the West Block of the Poyntons Building in Pretoria.

The political head of the department is the Minister of Justice and Correctional Services, who is supported by a Deputy Minister of Correctional Services. As of June 2024 the minister is Pieter Groenewald and the deputy minister is Lindiwe Ntshalintshali. In the 2020 budget, R26,800.0 million was appropriated for the department. In the 2018/19 financial year the department had 38,459 employees.
Harry Sidhu
Harish Singh "Harry" Sidhu (born July 8, 1957) is an American Republican politician and businessman who served as the 46th mayor of Anaheim, California from 2018 to 2022 after winning the office in the 2018 election. He was the first person of color and the first Sikh to serve as mayor of Anaheim. He was a member of the Anaheim City Council from 2004 to 2012 and was mayor pro tempore of Anaheim from 2010 to 2012.

Sidhu resigned as Mayor effective May 24, 2022, in the midst of an FBI investigation for possible corruption involving the sale of Angel Stadium. In August 2023, he pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice for deleting four emails, wire fraud, and making false statements to the FAA and the FBI. In March 2025, he was sentenced to two months in prison and fined $55,000.

Obstruction of justice in the United States
In United States jurisdictions, obstruction of justice refers to a number of offenses that involve unduly influencing, impeding, or otherwise interfering with the justice system, especially the legal and procedural tasks of prosecutors, investigators, or other government officials. Common law jurisdictions other than the United States tend to use the wider offense of perverting the course of justice.

Obstruction is a broad crime that may include acts such as perjury, making false statements to officials, witness tampering, jury tampering, destruction of evidence, and many others. Obstruction also applies to overt coercion of court or government officials via the means of threats or actual physical harm, and to deliberate sedition against a court official to undermine the appearance of legitimate authority.
Swimming at the 1999 Pan American Games – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition of the swimming events at the 1999 Pan American Games took place on August 3, 1999, at the Pan Am Pool in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The last Pan American Games champion was the United States.

This race consisted of sixteen lengths of the pool. Each of the four swimmers completed four lengths of the pool. The first swimmer had to touch the wall before the second could leave the starting block.

1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games (French: XIII Jeux panaméricains) or the 13th Pan American Games and commonly known as Winnipeg 1999, were a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially began. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated in the games to vie for a total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.

Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.

The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Papua New Guinea at the Commonwealth Games
Papua New Guinea made its Commonwealth Games début in the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia. The country has competed in 15 editions of the Games, as of 2022

Since 1962, Papua New Guinea have won a total of 14 medals in 5 sports. Weightlifting has been the most successful sport with 7 medals followed by Boxing with 3, Lawn bowls with 2, Swimming with 2, and Shooting with 1 medal.

Boxing at the Commonwealth Games
Boxing is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the event's precursor, the 1930 British Empire Games. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games.
George G. Tapper
George G. Tapper (October 1, 1916 – June 1, 1986) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives. He also served as a member for the 5th and 25th district of the Florida Senate.

The bridge carrying U.S. Route 98 over the Gulf County Canal in Port St. Joe, Florida is named after Tapper.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
FreeSBIE
FreeSBIE is a live CD, an operating system that is able to load directly from a bootable CD with no installation process or hard disk. It is based on the FreeBSD operating system. Its name is a pun on frisbee. Currently, FreeSBIE uses Xfce and Fluxbox.

FreeSBIE 1.0 was based on FreeBSD 5.2.1 and released on February 27, 2004. The first version of FreeSBIE 2 was developed during the summer of 2005, thanks to the Google Summer of Code. FreeSBIE 2.0.1, which is a complete rewrite of the so-called toolkit, is based on FreeBSD 6.2 and was released on February 10, 2007. According to DistroWatch the FreeSBIE project is discontinued.

Xfce
Xfce (pronounced as four individual letters, /ɛks ɛf siː iː/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.

Xfce aims to be fast and lightweight while still visually appealing and easy to use. The desktop environment is designed to embody the traditional Unix philosophy of modularity and re-usability, as well as adherence to standards; specifically, those defined at freedesktop.org.
Streptococcus thermophilus
Streptococcus thermophilus formerly known as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus is a gram-positive bacterium, and a fermentative facultative anaerobe, of the viridans group. It tests negative for cytochrome, oxidase, and catalase, and positive for alpha-hemolytic activity. It is non-motile and does not form endospores. S. thermophilus is fimbriated.

It is also classified as a lactic acid bacterium. S. thermophilus is found in fermented milk products and is generally used in the production of yogurt, alongside Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. The two species are synergistic, and S. thermophilus probably provides L. d. bulgaricus with folic acid and formic acid, which it uses for purine synthesis.
S. thermophilus has an optimal growth temperature range of 35–42 °C (95–108 °F), while L. d. bulgaricus has an optimal range of 43–46 °C (109–115 °F).

Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an oxidoreductase (any enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction) that uses dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen.

The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. The use of dioxygen is the only unifying feature; in the EC classification, these enzymes are scattered in many categories.
Harry Hinchman
Harry Sibley Hinchman (August 4, 1878 – January 19, 1933) was an American Major League Baseball second baseman who played for one season. He played in 15 games for the Cleveland Naps during the 1907 Cleveland Naps season.

In contrast to his one season in the major leagues, Hinchman played for 18 seasons in the minor leagues.  He began his professional career with the Ilion Typewriters of the New York State League in 1902.  His best year as a player in 1915 with the Kansas City Blues of the American Association.  That year he had a .326 batting average.  His last year as a player was in 1921 with the Chambersburg Maroons of the class D Blue Ridge League.

In addition to being a player, he also managed several minor league teams from 1910 to 1932 (to 1921 as a player/manager and from 1923 solely as manager).

Chambersburg Maroons
The Chambersburg Maroons were a baseball team located in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. They called historic Henninger Field their home, and had done so since the club's creation in 1895.  They played their last season in 2010, ending 116 years of existence.
2022 in Rizin Fighting Federation
The year 2022 was the eighth year in the history of the Rizin Fighting Federation, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan.

Rizin events were broadcast through a television agreement with Fuji Television. However, due to several controversies, the promotion would be dropped by the network by May of that year. Rizin would since begin broadcasting on events via PPV on their new streaming service, RIZIN STREAM PASS, and various other streaming platforms in Japan.

In North America and Europe, Rizin events were available via PPV on LIVENow. Starting with Super Rizin & Rizin 38 in 2022, Integrated Sports would produce English-language PPVs of Rizin events for FITE.

Andrea Radrizzani
Andrea Radrizzani (born 10 September 1974) is an Italian businessman. He was the chairman and founder of the sports broadcasting group Eleven Sports, and a past owner and chairman of English football club Leeds United and Italian club UC Sampdoria.
Kavungal Chathunni Panicker
Kavungal Chathunni Panicker (1922-2007) was an Indian classical dancer, known for his proficiency in Kathakali, the traditional dance form of Kerala. He was an exponent of the Kavungal School of Kathakali (Kavungal Kalari), noted for its rigorous training methods and overt physical interpretation of abhinaya. He is known to have brought innovations to the dance form, especially in the decorative movements (kalasam) and his contributions are reported in the development of grammar and costumes for the Kavungal School. A recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1973, Panicker was honored again by the Government of India, in 2006, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri.

Kathakali
Kathakali (IAST: Kathakaḷi pronunciationⓘ) is a traditional form of Indian Classical Dance, and one of the most complex forms of Indian theatre. It is native to the Malayalam-speaking state of Kerala and is almost entirely practiced by the Malayali people.
It is a play of verses. These verses are called Kathakali literature or Attakatha. Mostly played in the courts of kings and temple festivals. Hence it is known as suvarna art forms. This performance uses the navarasas from the Natya Shastra text, authored by sage Bharata. Makeup and costumes are unique and large. It represents one of Kerala's traditional theater artforms. 
Kathakali is closely related to a more ancient theater artform of Kerala called Koodiyattam which is the only surviving specimen of the ancient Sanskrit theatre, thought to have originated around the beginning of the common era, and is officially recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Agriphila straminella
Agriphila straminella is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775 and is found in Europe and east across the Palearctic.

The wingspan is 16–20 mm. The forewings are brown; a whitish median streak, ending in branches along veins 2-5, often separated by dark fuscous scales; dorsal 2/3 often wholly suffused with whitish-ochreous; a terminal series of black dots; cilia metallic. Hindwings are rather dark grey. The larva is pale pinkish-ochreous; spots brown; head and plate of 2 brown, darker-marked

The moth flies from June to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on various grasses, such as sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina), smooth meadowgrass (Poa pratensis), and wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (Austrian German: [jereˈmiːas ˈiːɡnats ˈʃɪfɐˌmʏlɐ]; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a systematic approach to describing colours in nature and to standardize their names.
Filipino Chinese cuisine
Filipino Chinese cuisine is a style of Filipino cuisine influenced by Chinese cuisine historically brought to the Philippines by Chinese Filipinos, starting with the Sangley Chinese and their Chinese mestizo descendants and modern descendants in the Chinese Filipino community of the Philippines. It is characterized as a fusion of Fujian/Hokkien cuisine and Cantonese cuisine adapted over the centuries to Filipino cuisine to suit the general Filipino palate/taste.

Youtiao
Youtiao (Chinese: 油条), known in Southern China as yau char kway (Chinese: 油炸鬼), is a long golden-brown deep-fried strip of wheat flour dough of Chinese origin and (by a variety of other names) also popular in other East and Southeast Asian cuisines.

Conventionally, youtiao are lightly salted and easily separated by hand. Youtiao are normally eaten at breakfast as an accompaniment for rice congee, soy milk or cow's milk blended with sugar. Youtiao may also be known as a Chinese cruller, Chinese oil stick, Chinese donut [sticks], and fried breadstick, among others.

In other Asian countries, they may also be called bicho, you char kway, cakwe, cakoi, kueh, kuay, shakoy or pathongko, among other names.
Mendiburu
Mendiburu is a Basque surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Javier Mendiburu (born 1980), Spanish basketball player

Manuel de Mendiburu (1805–1885), Peruvian statesman

Omar Mendiburu (1960–2025), Mexican footballer

Sandrine Mendiburu (born 1972), French golfer

Sandrine Mendiburu
Sandrine Mendiburu (born 15 October 1972) is a retired French professional golfer.

In 1999 Mendiburu recorded back-to-back wins on the Ladies European Tour, winning the Donegal Irish Ladies' Open in a four-way a playoff and Ladies Hannover Expo 2000 Open, which she followed up with a runner-up position at Air France Madame Open two weeks later. She ended the season fifth on the LET Order of Merit.