hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Psalter of Bonne de Luxembourg
The Psalter of Bonne de Luxembourg is a small 14th-century illuminated manuscript in tempera, grisaille, ink and gold leaf on vellum. It was probably commissioned for Bonne de Luxembourg, Duchess of Normandy, daughter of John the Blind and the wife of John II of France, probably at the end of her husband's life, c 1348–49. At the time, illuminated manuscripts could compete with monastic scriptoria and panel painting as commercially attractive donor portraits. Bonne died of plague in 1349.

It consists of 333 pages of parchment each measuring 126 x 88 mm. The illustrations are attributed to the miniaturist Jean Le Noir, and include graphic representations of astrological predictions by the Roman writer Marcus Manilius. It is held in the collection of The Cloisters, New York, where it is usually on display.

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Alireza Jafarzadeh
Alireza Jafarzadeh (Persian: علیرضا جعفرزاده) is an Iranian dissident, media commentator on the Middle East, and US representative of the People's Mujahedin of Iran. He is known for releasing information on Iran's secret nuclear program.

Jafarzadeh has published columns and appeared on television interviews both in conservative and liberal media. He seems to have bi-partisan respect for his work. Jafarzadeh has a regular column on the Huffington Post.

In 2006, Jafarzadeh was introduced as the last representative of the National Council of Resistance of Iran in an interview with Claude Salhani in which he responded to comments by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad made towards Israel.

In 2007, Jafarzadeh was a guest on CNN's Lou Dobbs Tonight news show, discussing Iran's proxy war in Iraq.

Claude Salhani
Claude Salhani (March 25, 1952 – August 13, 2022) was born in Cairo. He was a Lebanese, French and American photographer for United Press International (UPI) and Reuters news agencies, later head of UPI Photos and UPI Foreign Desk Editor as well as policy expert and author, best known for his photographic reportage of the 23 October 1983 Beirut barracks bombings on the United States Marines. During his journalism career, Salhani covered Black September, the Lebanon Civil War, the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, the Dhofar War (Oman), the Iran–Iraq War, the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the Gulf War, the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the Czech Velvet Revolution, and the Iraq War (Operation Enduring Freedom) as well as the wider Middle East, Europe, and Africa.
International Relations (journal)
International Relations is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of international relations. It publishes peer-reviewed research articles, and a mixture of review essays, interviews, debates and forums.  The editor-in-chief is Charalampos Efstathopoulos (Aberystwyth University). The journal was established in 1960 and is published by SAGE Publications in association with the David Davies Memorial Institute.

David Davies Memorial Institute
The David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies, also referred to as the David Davies Memorial Institute (DDMI), is a think tank at Aberystwyth University in Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom. Founded in 1951, the institute regularly publishes books, a journal, and hosts lectures annually. The institute founded the "International Relations" journal (later acquired by SAGE Publications), to which the DDMI regularly contributes.
Aleksandr Mints
Alexander Lvovich Mints (Russian: Александр Львович Минц; December 27, 1894 [January 8, 1895], Rostov-on-Don - 29 December 1974, Moscow) was a Soviet radiophysicist, engineer and organizer of science who was known for being a developer of communication and radar systems. He was one of the creators of the long-range detection radar and the Soviet synchrophasotron in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. He held the rank of Engineer-Colonel (from October 17, 1944).

Radiophysics
Radiophysics (also modern writing radio physics) is a branch of physics focused on the theoretical and experimental study of certain kinds of radiation, its emission, propagation and interaction with matter.

The term is used in the following major meanings:

study of radio waves (the original area of research)

study of radiation used in radiology

study of other ranges of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation in some specific applications

Among the main applications of radiophysics are radio communications, radiolocation, radio astronomy and radiology.
Departmental Council of Yonne
The Departmental Council of Yonne (French: Conseil départemental de l'Yonne) is the deliberative assembly of the French department of Yonne in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It includes 42 departemental councillors from the 21 cantons of Yonne, elected for a term of six years. It is chaired by Patrick Gendraud (LR).

The head office of the departmental council is located in Auxerre.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
KM Nurul Huda
Khan Mohammad Nurul Huda (born 1948) is a retired secretary of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh and served as the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh from 2017 to 2022. He was a freedom fighter during the Bangladesh Liberation War. He is a former chief executive officer of Dhaka City Corporation. He also served as joint secretary of the Ministry of Environment and Forests and additional secretary to the Secretariat of Bangladeshi Parliament. He wrote a book titled Electronic Voting in Government Elections to Promote Democracy.

Patuakhali
Patuakhali (Bengali: পটুয়াখালী Potuakhali) is a town and district headquarters of Patuakhali District located on the southern bank of Laukathi river in Barisal Division in Bangladesh. It is the administrative headquarter of Patuakhali district and one of the oldest towns and municipalities in the country. Patuakhali municipality was established in 1892. The town covers an area of 27.03 km2 with a population of 65,000, according to the 2011 census.
Gould Lake (Van Hise Township)
Gould Lake is a lake in geographic Van Hise Township, Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin.

The primary inlet, at the south, is an unnamed creek. The primary outlet, at the northeast, is an unnamed creek that flows to Diabase Creek and then into Glosser Bay on Obushkong Lake on the Montreal River. The Montreal River flows via Lake Timiskaming and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
Mike Dutka
Michael Dutka (born February 6, 1978) is a retired American artistic gymnast. He was a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team and won a silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games. He competed collegiately for the Penn State Nittany Lions.

1999 Pan American Games
The 1999 Pan American Games, officially the XIII Pan American Games (French: XIII Jeux panaméricains) or the 13th Pan American Games and commonly known as Winnipeg 1999, were a major international multi-sport event that was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and surrounding towns and cities. Canoeing competitions started the day before the games officially began. Approximately 5,000 athletes from 42 nations participated in the games to vie for a total of 330 medal events in 34 sports and 42 disciplines.

Financially, the 1999 games were a success, generating a surplus of $8.9 million through a combination of fiscal restraint and the contribution of nearly 20,000 volunteers.

The 1999 Pan American Games were the second Pan American Games hosted by Canada and Winnipeg. Previously, Winnipeg hosted the 1967 Pan American Games.
Zoran Lubej
Zoran Lubej (born 14 December 1975) is a Slovenian male handball player. He was a member of the Slovenia men's national handball team. He was part of the team at the 2000 Summer Olympics, playing eight matches. He also participated in the 2004 European Men's Handball Championship, where the Slovenian team won a silver medal.

On club level he played for RD Prule 67 from Ljubljana, and has also previously played at BM Antequera, SDC San Antonio, and Paris Saint-Germain. In 2009, Lubej played under contract with RK Zagreb between July and December.

RD Prule 67
Rokometno društvo Prule 67, commonly referred to as RD Prule 67 or simply Prule 67, was a handball club from Ljubljana, Slovenia. Due to financial problems, the club was dissolved in 2005. They have won the Slovenian First League of Handball once, in the 2001–02 season.
The Female: Seventy Times Seven
The Female: Seventy Times Seven (Spanish: Setenta veces siete) is a 1962 Argentine drama film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson starring Isabel Sarli. It was entered into the 1962 Cannes Film Festival.

1962 Cannes Film Festival
The 15th Cannes Film Festival took place from 7 to 23 May 1962. Japanese writer and diplomat Tetsurō Furukaki served as jury president for the main competition.

The Palme d'Or went to the O Pagador de Promessas (Keeper of Promises) by Anselmo Duarte.

During the Cannes Film Festival of 1961, Robert Favre le Bret, artistic director of the Cannes Film Festival, with the agreement of the French Union of Film Critics, had decided to establish the International Critics' Week during the next Festival. In 1962, this parallel section of the Festival took place for the first time. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors from all over the world, not succumbing to commercial tendencies.

The festival opened with The Lovers of Teruel by Raymond Rouleau.
Elphaba
Elphaba Thropp (/ˈɛlfəbə ˈθrɒp/ ⓘ) is a fictional character created by Gregory Maguire as the protagonist of his 1995 novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West. She also appears in the novel's musical theatre adaptation, as well as the musical's two-part film adaptation, Wicked (2024) and Wicked: For Good (2025).

Elphaba is a reimagining of the Wicked Witch of the West from L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In Baum's novel, the Witch is unnamed and little is explained about her life; Maguire's Wicked creates a backstory for her and explores events in the Land of Oz through her perspective. Elphaba's name was formulated from the pronunciation of Baum's initials ("L.F.B."), while her appearance was modeled after Margaret Hamilton's portrayal of the Witch in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz: green-skinned, clad entirely in black, and wearing a tall peaked hat.

Margaret Hamilton (actress)
Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 – May 16, 1985) was an American actress, vaudevillian and educator, whose fifty-year career in entertainment spanned theater, film, radio and television. She often played villains and is best known to modern audiences for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch in the 1939 MGM film classic The Wizard of Oz.

A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. In later years, Hamilton appeared in films and made frequent cameo appearances on television sitcoms and commercials. She also gained recognition for her work as an animal rights activist and her lifelong commitment to public education.

Her role as the Wicked Witch of the West is ranked by the American Film Institute as Hollywood's fourth-greatest villain of all time and the all-time greatest female villain.
Sankar Kumar Pal
Sankar Kumar Pal (born 1950) is an Indian computer scientist. He is also the president and former director of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkata. He is an ANRF Prime Minister Professor of the Government of India, hosted at IIIT Bhubaneswar.

He has worked in pattern recognition, image processing, fuzzy neural network, rough fuzzy hybridization, soft computing, granular mining, and machine intelligence. His contributions include fuzzy set theory, neuro-fuzzy, and rough-fuzzy computing for uncertainty modelling, with applications in pattern recognition, image processing, machine learning, knowledge-based systems and data mining. He founded the Machine Intelligence Unit in 1993 and the Center for Soft Computing Research in 2004, both at the ISI.

He received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 1990. In 2013, he was awarded the Padma Shri in Science and Engineering by the President of India in recognition of his work in machine intelligence.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
21st Primetime Emmy Awards
The 21st Emmy Awards—also known since 1974 as the 21st Primetime Emmy Awards—were handed out on June 8, 1969.  The ceremony was co-hosted by Bill Cosby and Merv Griffin.

The top shows of the night were Get Smart, which won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second consecutive year, and Outstanding Dramatic Series winner NET Playhouse. NET Playhouse, from the PBS predecessor National Educational Television Network, became the first show outside the Big Three television networks to win a top series award.

Due to several categories being combined for the ceremony, no show received more than two major wins. The most drastic rule change was that all shows that had aired more than two seasons were ineligible. The cause of this change was due to the rise in repeat winners in recent years. There was no winner in the category of Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role, because the judges felt that none of the nominees were worthy of an award.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series is an award presented since 1951 by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). The award goes to the producers of the series. The award is often cited as one of the "main awards" at the Emmys ceremonies.
Voices (Phantogram album)
Voices is the second studio album by American electronic rock duo Phantogram, released February 18, 2014 by Republic Records. It was produced by the band and John Hill. Steven Drozd of the Flaming Lips contributed to the song "Never Going Home".

Electronic rock
Electronic rock (also known as synth rock and electro rock) is a music genre that involves a combination of rock music and electronic music, featuring instruments typically found within both genres. It originates from the late 1960s when rock bands began incorporating electronic instrumentation into their music. Electronic rock acts usually fuse elements from other music styles, including punk rock, industrial rock, hip hop, techno and synth-pop, which has helped spur subgenres such as indietronica, dance-punk and electroclash.
Filipa Carmo da Silva
Filipa Alexandra Carmo da Silva (born 1995), also known mononymously as Filipa, is a South African singer and songwriter.

She won Ryan Seacrest's cover song competition for her rendition of One Direction's song "Story of My Life", after five rounds of the competition, with a Pearl Harbor-themed music video directed by Kyle White, finishing ahead of Jedward and Josh Levi.

She has since worked with songwriters and producers in the United States, including Pam Sheyne. She collaborated with Sheyne on the song "Little White Lie", which was released in 2016.

She received Glamour's Women of the Year Next Big Thing Award in 2014, as well as a nomination for Cosmopolitan's Awesome Women.

She was selected by RTP to compete in Festival da Canção 2024, the Portuguese selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2024. On 18 January 2024, it was announced that her entry would be "You Can't Hide".

Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Grito", written by Alberto Hernández and Iolanda Costa, and performed by Iolanda herself. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP), organised the national final Festival da Canção 2024 in order to select its entry for the contest.

Portugal was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 7 May 2024 and was later selected to perform in position 14. At the end of the show, "Grito" was announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and hence qualified to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Portugal placed eighth out of the fifteen participating countries in the semi-final with 58 points. In the final, Portugal performed in position 18 and placed tenth out of the 25 performing countries, scoring a total of 152 points.
Traffic collision reconstruction
Traffic collision reconstruction is the process of investigating, analyzing, and drawing conclusions about the causes and events during a vehicle collision. Reconstructionists conduct collision analysis and reconstruction to identify the cause of a collision and contributing factors including the role of the driver(s), vehicle(s), roadway and general environment. Physics and engineering principles are the basis for these analyses and may involve the use of software for calculations and simulations. Collision reconstruction is sometimes used as the basis of expert witness testimony at trials. Collision reconstructions are performed in cases involving fatalities or personal injury. Results from collision reconstructions are also sometimes used for making roads and highways safer, as well as improving safety aspects of motor vehicle designs. Reconstructions are typically conducted by forensic engineers, specialized units in law enforcement agencies, or private consultants.

Law enforcement agency
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources. The most common type of law enforcement agency is the police, but various other forms exist as well, including agencies that focus on specific legal violations or are organized and overseen by certain authorities. They typically have various powers and legal rights to allow them to perform their duties, such as the power of arrest and the use of force.
Copper sweetening
Copper sweetening is a petroleum refining process using a slurry of clay and cupric chloride to oxidize mercaptans. The resulting disulfides are less odorous and usually very viscous, and are usually removed from the lower-boiling fractions and left in the heavy fuel oil fraction.

Copper sweetening introduces trace amount of copper into the resulting products, which tends to have detrimental effects as it leads to formation of gummy residues. Other sources of copper include contact with refinery parts made of copper and copper alloys. Copper is one of the most active instability promoters, and concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm can have marked negative effect. To combat these, metal deactivators are added to some fuels.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
Andrew Ireland (politician)
Andrew Ireland is an American politician and attorney serving as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 90th district. He assumed office on November 19, 2024. He is currently the youngest member of the Indiana General Assembly.

Indiana House of Representatives
The Indiana House of Representatives is the lower house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The House is composed of 100 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. House members serve two-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, each State House district contains an average of 64,838 people.

The House convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.
2022 Cypriot archiepiscopal election
The 2022 Cypriot archiepiscopal election was held on 18 December 2022 to elect the new archbishop of the Church of Cyprus following the death of the previous archbishop, Chrysostomos II. After the two rounds of voting, George III of Cyprus was elected as the new archbishop of Cyprus.

Holy Synod
In several of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches and Eastern Catholic Churches, the patriarch or head bishop is elected by a group of bishops called the Holy Synod. For instance, the Holy Synod is a ruling body of the Georgian Orthodox Church.

In Oriental Orthodoxy the Holy Synod is the highest authority in the church and it formulates the rules and regulations regarding matters of church organization, faith, and order of service.