hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred Sandham
Alfred Sandham (19 November 1838 - 25 December 1910) was an early Canadian numismatist, best known as the original editor of the Canadian Antiquarian and Numismatic Journal, and for publishing one of the earliest books on Canadian tokens. His Coins, tokens and medals of the Dominion of Canada was published in 1869, and was the first to attempt to describe all pre-Canadian Confederation numismatic issues. The book focused on a description of the coins, tokens and medals relating to Canada, though it contained numerous illustrations, and Sandham also detailed the history of these pieces, where known. This work would be supplanted by the more comprehensive guides produced by P. N. Breton.

Numismatist
A numismatist is a specialist, researcher, and/or well-informed collector of numismatics/coins ("of coins"; from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma). Numismatists can include collectors, specialist dealers, and scholar-researchers who use coins (and possibly, other currency) in object-based research. Although use of the term numismatics was first recorded in English in 1799, people had been collecting and studying coins long before then all over the world. The branch of numismatics that deals with the study and collection of paper currency and banknotes is called notaphily.
Itu, São Paulo
Itu is a historic city and municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The population was 175,568 as of 2020, in an area of 640.72 km2. The elevation is 583 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language, meaning big waterfall. Two rivers flow through Itu: Tietê and Jundiaí. Itu has five hospitals, eleven bank agencies and one shopping center, the Plaza Shopping Itu.

Itu was founded in 1610 by bandeirante Domingos Fernandes. It became a parish in 1653. In 1657, it was elevated to a town and municipality. It became a part of Brazil in 1822. It became a city in 1843.

It is the 46th most populous municipality in the state of São Paulo and the 174th in Brazil, in addition to being the second largest city in the Sorocaba Metropolitan Region, behind only Sorocaba.

Tietê River
The  Tietê River (Portuguese: Rio Tietê [tʃi.eˈte]) is a Brazilian river in the state of São Paulo.

The first known use of the name Tietê was on a map published in 1748 by d’Anville. The name means "truthful  river", or "truthful waters”, in Tupi.

The Tietê River is a historically significant and economically important river, which stretches 450 kilometers and allows for navigation of barges carrying various goods.

Pollution of the Tietê River began subtly in the 1920s, but it has worsened significantly over time. In September 2010, National Geographic identified the river as the most polluted in Brazil. Despite efforts to clean up the river, it still suffers from pollution and environmental degradation, and some species are threatened, or possibly extinct.
FASTER (software)
FASTER (First Automated Teleprocessing Environment Reponder) was a transaction processor that ran on IBM mainframe systems under OS/MFT.

FASTER was available from IBM and designed for rapid, low to medium volume online processing. This process was entirely interactive (screen-oriented using 2260 display terminals).

The 'official' version of FASTER was single thread only and was a forerunner of MTCS before it was released.

Basic telecommunications access method
Basic Telecommunications Access Method (BTAM) is a low-level programming interface specified by IBM for use on the IBM System/360 for start-stop and binary synchronous telecommunications terminals. Later, IBM specified higher-level interfaces QTAM and TCAM.

BTAM was superseded by VTAM for Systems Network Architecture (SNA) devices. BTAM continued to be supported in later iterations of the system architecture, and IBM finally withdrew support in 2000.

BTAM requires the application program or transaction processing system to handle almost every detail of the protocol. This is harder than using a higher-layer protocol, but it permits interfacing to non-standard devices in non-standard ways.
Black Forest Trail
The Black Forest Trail is a 43.0-mile (69.2 km) hiking trail in north-central Pennsylvania, forming a loop through portions of Tiadaghton State Forest and routed through Pine Creek Gorge and areas of the Allegheny Plateau above the gorge. Most of the trail is in Lycoming County, with about five miles in Potter County and a very brief segment in Clinton County. The trail was named after the region's original forest landscape, which reminded immigrant loggers of the Schwarzwald ("black forest") region of Germany.

The Black Forest Trail has been cited as one of the most scenic and challenging backpacking routes in Pennsylvania, with dozens of expansive vistas, several rugged descents into and out of Pine Creek Gorge, and remote plateau areas with evidence of railroad and logging operations from the late nineteenth century.

Black Forest
The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald [ˈʃvaʁtsvalt] ⓘ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is the source of the Danube and Neckar rivers.

Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) above sea level. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of 160 kilometres (100 miles) and breadth of up to 50 km (30 mi), it has an area of about 6,009 km2 (2,320 sq mi).

Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of ore deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are several ruined military fortifications dating back to the 17th century.
Josh Thiel
Josh Thiel (born 2 June 1997) is a Canadian professional rugby union player for the San Diego Legion of Major League Rugby (MLR) and for the BC Bears in the Canadian Rugby Championship. Josh won his first cap for Canada in the 2018 Americas Rugby Championship vs Chile and has played for the Canada Sevens. Josh is the son of former professional player and Canadian international Jon Thiel and Canadian international Jen Ross

San Diego Legion
The San Diego Legion were an American professional rugby union team based in San Diego, California, that competed in Major League Rugby (MLR) from 2020 to 2025. The team played its home games at Torero Stadium. The Legion began play in the league's inaugural 2018 season.
Sailing at the 1908 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre
The 6 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1908 Summer Olympics program in Ryde.  Three races were scheduled. Each nation could enter up to 2 boats. 15 sailors, on 5 boats, from 4 nation competed.

Ryde
Ryde is a seaside town and civil parish on the north-east coast of the Isle of Wight. The parish area had a population of 24,096 according to the 2021 Census. Its growth as a seaside resort came after the villages of Upper Ryde and Lower Ryde were merged in the 19th century, as can still be seen in the town's central and seafront architecture. The resort's expansive sands are revealed at low tide. Their width means the regular ferry service to the mainland requires a long listed pier – the fourth longest in the United Kingdom, and the oldest surviving.
Massanutten Trail
The Massanutten Trail is a 71-mile (114 km) National Recreation Trail located in George Washington National Forest in Central Virginia.  Much of the path is steep and rugged terrain, and presents many mountain vistas.  The trail traverses the Massanutten Range around its inner valley. Shenandoah National Park is to the east, and Great North Mountain is west.

Great North Mountain
Great North Mountain is a 50-mile (80 km) long mountain ridge within the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia.  The ridge is located west of the Shenandoah Valley  and Massanutten Mountain in Virginia, and it is east of the Allegheny Mountains and Cacapon River in West Virginia.
Nehemiah 8
Nehemiah 8 is the eighth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 18th chapter of the book of Ezra–Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and the book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles, but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books. This chapter and the next recount the reading of the law by Ezra, "the scribe" and "the priest", and the popular response. Nehemiah the governor is also briefly mentioned. The community then went on to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles with great joy.

Nehemiah
Nehemiah (/ˌniːəˈmaɪə/; Biblical Hebrew: נְחֶמְיָה, romanized: Nəḥemyā, lit. 'Yahweh comforts') is the central figure of the Book of Nehemiah, which describes his work in rebuilding Jerusalem during the Second Temple period as the governor of Yehud Medinata, the autonomous province of Judea within the Achaemenid Empire, under Artaxerxes I (465–424 BC).

The historicity of Nehemiah, his mission, and the Nehemiah Memoir have recently become very controversial in academic scholarship, with maximalists viewing it as a historical account and minimalists doubting whether Nehemiah existed. He is considered a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, where he is commemorated on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers.
Donald Zimmerman
Donald Wayne Zimmerman (born April 6, 1931) is an American former politician who served in the Kansas State Senate and Kansas House of Representatives as a Republican during the 1960s and 1970s. He was originally elected to the Kansas House in 1964, serving two consecutive terms (one in the 14th district and one in the 16th); after an absence from the state legislature, he served one term in the Kansas Senate from 1973 to 1976 before being succeeded by Democrat Frank Smith.

Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 senators elected from single-member districts, each with a population of about 73,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Reichenbach Castle
Reichenbach castle (Schloss Reichenbach) is located in Zollikofen, about 5 kilometres north of Bern. 
The castle was founded as a medieval fort, probably built on the site of an earlier Roman fort, on the river Aar.  The medieval castle was later rebuilt in the Baroque style.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Battle of Laupen
The Battle of Laupen was fought in June 1339, between Bern and its allies on one side, and Freiburg together with feudal landholders from the County of Burgundy and Habsburg territories on the other. Bern was victorious, consolidating its position in the region. As a consequence of the conflict, the relations of Bern and the Swiss Confederacy tightened, resulting in Bern's permanent accession in 1353.

This is also the first battle that the white cross was documented as being used as a field sign worn by Swiss combatants.
Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.2
The Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.2 was a two-seat military biplane floatplane produced by Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk in 1915 and 1916. It was designed by naval captain Halfdan Gyth Dehli, based on former models by French designer Maurice Farman and improvements by Einar Sem-Jacobsen of the Norwegian Army Air Service's aircraft factory Kjeller Flyfabrikk.

Halfdan Gyth Dehli
Halfdan Gyth Dehli (15 June 1881 – 22 August 1963) was a Norwegian businessperson and aviator.

He was a son of barrister Ole Dehli (1851–1924) and women's health pioneer Maria Dehli, née Gyth (1851–1926). His sister Bergljot was married to Colonel Jacob Ager Laurantzon, and through them he was an uncle of Trygve Dehli Laurantzon.

He is best known as the director of Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk from 1916 to 1918, and had also performed the first flight with its first aircraft M.F.1 in 1915. From 1918 to 1923 Gyth Dehli was a technical director in Det Norske Luftfartsrederi. He later settled as a farmer in Stange Municipality, then later moved to Lillehammer.

During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was imprisoned in Grini concentration camp from 13 to 21 January 1942.
Nightwing (album)
Nightwing is the fifth studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at The Abyss between October and November 1997 and released in April 1998 by Osmose Productions. The theme of the album was blood, as the band's following, war-related studio album's Panzer Division Marduk would be fire, and La Grande Danse Macabre would be death, forming a trilogy of "Blood, Fire and Death," an homage to Bathory's Blood Fire Death album.

In 2008, Nightwing was re-released by Regain Records with a new mastering, an alternative cover artwork and a live DVD of a show in Rotterdam 1998.

Osmose Productions
Osmose Productions (French: [ɔsmoz]) is a French independent record label created in 1991 by Hervé Herbaut, after he had spent three years running a small mail order company. They specialize mainly in death and black metal bands.

Many of the groups who began with Osmose would move on to sign with larger labels, such as Nuclear Blast, Century Media and Metal Blade.
Sea toad
The sea toads and coffinfishes are a family, the Chaunacidae, of deep-sea ray-finned fishes belonging to the monotypic suborder Chaunacoidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. These are bottom-dwelling fishes found on the continental slopes of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, at depths to at least 2,460 m (8,070 ft). There have also been findings of deep-sea anglerfishes off the coasts of Australia and New Caledonia. Other findings suggest some genera of Chaunacidae are found near volcanic slopes encrusted with manganese. Of the two genera in the family, Chaunacops are typically found at deeper depths than Chaunax, but with considerable overlap between the two genera.

Lateral line
The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ, is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial cells, known as hair cells, which respond to displacement caused by motion and transduce these signals into electrical impulses via excitatory synapses. Lateral lines play an important role in schooling behavior, predation, and orientation.

Early in the evolution of fish, some of the sensory organs of the lateral line were modified to function as the electroreceptors called ampullae of Lorenzini. The lateral line system is ancient and basal to the vertebrate clade, as it is found in fishes that diverged over 400 million years ago.
Legal profession in Puerto Rico
The legal profession in Puerto Rico is practiced at both commonwealth and Federal levels. Thus, legal professionals in Puerto Rico must study both the law of Puerto Rico and the law of the United States.

There are presently three law schools in the commonwealth:

University of Puerto Rico School of Law, established in 1913

Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico School of Law, established in 1961

Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Law, established in 1961

Facultad de Derecho Eugenio Maria de Hostos was established in 1995, but closed in 2013.

After completing a Juris Doctor Degree lawyers have to pass the Puerto Rico General Bar Exam in order to practice law.  Lawyers that graduated from ABA accredited schools may also practice in Puerto Rico, but they must also take the bar exam.

Until 2010 all lawyers had to be associated to the Puerto Rico Bar Association in order to practice law.

Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Law
The Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, Faculty of Law (Spanish: Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico) is the school of law of the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico, a private co-educational corporation accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (Commission on Higher Education), the Puerto Rico Council of Higher Education, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Department of Education. The School of Law is approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) and is located in San Juan, the capital city of Puerto Rico. Since its founding, the School of Law has succeeded in meeting the needs of the legal profession, in particular, and Puerto Rico's society in general.
Aileen Garmson
Aileen Anna Maria Garmson (née Douglas, later Wrack and then Cooke; c. 1863 – 30 May 1951) was a New Zealand trade unionist and political activist. She was born in County Cavan, Ireland in circa 1863.

She became one of the first three female candidates for Parliament in New Zealand, standing as an Independent Liberal in the seat of Thames in 1919.

County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.
Marcel van Eeden
Marcel van Eeden (born 22 November 1965, in The Hague, Netherlands) is a Dutch draftsman and painter. From 1989 to 1993 van Eeden studied painting at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague. Van Eeden lives and works in Zurich and The Hague. Characteristically, van Eeden's work is reminiscent of the film-noir period, of almost photo-realistic depictions and he manipulates the use of the black and white contrast. A wider audience was introduced to his work after his contribution to the Berlin Biennale in 2006.

Drafter
A drafter (also draughtsman / draughtswoman in British and Commonwealth English, draftsman / draftswoman, drafting technician, or CAD technician in American and Canadian English) is an engineering technician who makes detailed technical drawings or CAD designs for machinery, buildings, electronics, infrastructure, sections, etc. Drafters use computer software and manual sketches to convert the designs, plans, and layouts of engineers and architects into a set of technical drawings. Drafters operate as the supporting developers and sketch engineering designs and drawings from preliminary design concepts.
Zoey Berry
Zoey Berry (born 1 October 1987) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. She played 12 years of representative rugby for Canterbury. She made her only appearance for New Zealand on 27 November 2012 against England at Aldershot.

Berry served a four-year ban between 2017 and 2021 in relation to an anti-doping rule violation after testing positive for clenbuterol.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
Convoy FS 559
Convoy FS 559, eventually comprising ten merchant ships, was a British convoy in World War II which departed Methil, Scotland on 4 August 1941, then Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for Southend, Essex. The protecting force comprised the destroyers HMS Vimiera and HMS Wolsey, supported by HMT Agate and HMT Arkwright. On the night of 6 August, six merchant ships from the convoy and escort Agate ran aground on the Haisborough Sands. The Cromer lifeboat H.F. Bailey was the first to arrive, and rescued 16 men from the SS Oxshott, 31 from the SS Gallois, 19 from the Deerwood and 22 from Betty Hindley. The Cromer second lifeboat Harriot Dixon and the Great Yarmouth and Gorleston lifeboat Louise Stephens between them rescued a further 31 men.

RNLB H F Bailey (ON 777)
RNLB H F Bailey (ON 777) is the most famous Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeboat to have served from Cromer, because she was used by Coxswain Henry Blogg to perform many of his most famous lifesaving exploits. The lifeboat was on station for the ten years between 1935 and 1945. She is now part of the National Historic Fleet and has been preserved in the RNLI Henry Blogg Museum in Cromer.

From 1923 to the end of the Second World War in 1945 the Cromer station had four motor-powered lifeboats all called H F Bailey after the donor, Mr Henry Francis Bailey, a London merchant who had been born in Norfolk and had died in 1916.
Farid Zarif
Farid Zarif (Persian: فرید ظریف; born 1951, in Kabul, Afghanistan) was United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s Special Representative and head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). In August 2015, he was promoted to the level of United Nations Under-Secretary-General and appointed as Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General to Liberia and Coordinator of the United Nations Operations in Liberia (UNMIL).

Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo
The special representative of the secretary-general for Kosovo (SRSG) is appointed by the secretary-general to lead the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). During the United Nations rule between 1999 and 2008, the Joint Interim Administrative Structure and then the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government were accountable to the special representative.
Monmouth Civic Chorus
Monmouth Civic Chorus is a community chorus in Monmouth County, New Jersey, USA. Monmouth Civic Chorus was established in 1949 and draws its members primarily from the Monmouth County community. Its performances encompass choral classics, premieres, rare and contemporary music, musical theater, opera, and operetta. Monmouth Civic Chorus has performed on tour in Europe and the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

In addition to concerts, Monmouth Civic Chorus offers community outreach performances and awards vocal scholarships to high school seniors of outstanding vocal promise.

New Jersey Symphony
The New Jersey Symphony, formerly the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra (NJSO), is an American symphony orchestra based in the state of New Jersey. The New Jersey Symphony is the state orchestra of New Jersey, performing classical subscription concert series and specials in six venues across the state, including the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark, New Jersey, where it is the resident orchestra.