hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St. Stephen's Church, Copenhagen
St. Stephen's Church (Danish: Sankt Stefans Kirke) is a Church of Denmark parish church located at Nørrebrogade 199 in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Built in 1874 to designs by Ludvig Knudsen, it is the second oldest church in the district. The composers Knud Jeppesen and Jens Bjerre Jacobsen have both served as organists.

Jens Bjerre Jacobsen
Jens Bjerre Jacobsen  (13 October 1903 – 3 January 1986) was a Danish composer and organist.

Jacobsen was born in Aarhus but grew up in Salling, where his father was a Grundtvigian Community pastor in Rødding-Krejbjerg. Jacobsen learned to play the piano at an early age from the organist and composer Laurids Lauridsen. At 15, he got admission into the Royal Danish Academy of Music. The time spent at the academy gave his earliest songs and choral work a strong element of Thomas Laub and Carl Nielsen. However, Jacobsen himself never acknowledged this, and claimed that his career as a composer only began after he moved to Paris.

Jacobsen became an organist in Paris. Alfred Cortot, the famous pianist and conductor, taught him composition and honed his piano skills. Cortot was a big influence on Jacobsen. Under the former's tutelage, Jacobsen made immense progress as a composer, a development that is specially noticeable in his music from the 1930s onwards.
Mesadenus
Mesadenus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains five currently recognized species, native to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and Florida.

Mesadenus chiangii (M.C.Johnst.) Garay - Coahuila

Mesadenus lucayanus (Britton) Schltr. - widespread across Mexico, Florida, Guatemala, West Indies

Mesadenus perezii R.González & Lizb.Hern. – western Mexico (Aguascalientes and Jalisco)

Mesadenus polyanthus (Rchb.f.) Schltr. - Mexico, Belize

Mesadenus tenuissimus (L.O.Williams) Garay - Morelos

A phylogenetic study published in 2019 found that the genus as then circumscribed was polyphyletic and the two Brazilian species, M. glaziovii and M. rhombiglossus, which were geographically disjunct from the other species, were also genetically distinct. They were placed in the new genus Espinhassoa as Espinhassoa glaziovii and E. rhombiglossa.

Disjunct distribution
In biology, a taxon with a disjunct distribution is one that has two or more groups that are related but considerably separated from each other geographically. The causes are varied and might demonstrate either the expansion or contraction of a species' range.
On Tiptoe: Gentle Steps to Freedom
On Tiptoe: Gentle Steps to Freedom, also called On Tiptoe: The Music of Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a 2000 American short documentary film directed by Eric Simonson. It tells the story of South African singers Ladysmith Black Mambazo. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.

Eric Simonson
Eric Simonson (born June 27, 1960, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American writer and director in theatre, film and opera. He is a member of Steppenwolf Theatre in Chicago, and the author of plays Lombardi, Fake, Honest, Magic/Bird and Bronx Bombers. He won the 2005 Academy Award for his short documentary A Note of Triumph: The Golden Age of Norman Corwin, and was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical in 1993 for The Song of Jacob Zulu.
Guards Corps (German Empire)
The Guards Corps/GK (German: Gardekorps) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th century to World War I.

The Corps was headquartered in Berlin, with its units garrisoned in the city and nearby towns (Potsdam, Jüterbog, Döberitz). Unlike all other Corps of the Imperial German Army, the Guards Corps did not recruit from a specific area, but from throughout Prussia and the "Imperial Lands" of Alsace-Lorraine.

The Corps served in the Austro-Prussian War. During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 2nd Army.

In peacetime the Corps was assigned to the II Army Inspectorate but joined the 2nd Army at the start of the First World War. It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 4th Army, Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht, on the Western Front. The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I.

Jüterbog
Jüterbog  (German pronunciation: [ˈjyːtɐˌbɔk] ⓘ) is a historic town in north-eastern Germany, in the Teltow-Fläming district of Brandenburg. It is on the Nuthe river at the northern slope of the Fläming hill range, about 65 km (40 mi) southwest of Berlin.
Ralph Wickiser
Ralph Lewanda Wickiser (1910–1998) was an American artist. He is most notable for painting in the styles of both Abstraction and representation, and for synthesizing the two in his own innovative style.

Milton Avery
Milton Clark Avery (/ˈeɪvəri/; March 7, 1885 – January 3, 1965) was an American modern painter. Born in Altmar, New York, he moved to Connecticut in 1898 and later to New York City. He was the husband of artist Sally Michel Avery and the father of artist March Avery.
Banu Tamim
The Banū Tamīm (Arabic: بَنُو تَمِيم) are an Arab tribe that originated in Najd and Hejaz in the Arabian Peninsula. They are mainly present in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the UAE, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Jordan and Lebanon, and have a strong presence in Algeria, and Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia, and Libya. They are also present in many other parts of the Middle East and North Africa region such as Egypt and Khuzestan in Iran. The word Tamim in Arabic means strong and solid. It can also mean those who strive for perfection.

Nizar ibn Ma'add
Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan (Arabic: نزار بن معد بن عدنان) was the common ancestor of most of the northern Arab tribes (the Adnanites), according to the Arab genealogical tradition. As a result, the term 'Nizar', or Nizariyya (نزارية), has been used as a loosely defined name for a group of tribes, most commonly the Rabi'a and Mudar tribes, but occasionally extended to include others.
Haverfordwest & Milford Haven Telegraph
Haverfordwest & Milford Haven Telegraph was a weekly English-language newspaper which circulated Pembrokeshire and Cardiganshire. The paper featured news coverage and editorials on the arts.

Welsh Newspapers Online has digitised 713 issues of the Haverfordwest & Milford Haven Telegraph (1857-1919) from the newspaper holdings of the National Library of Wales.

Welsh Newspapers Online
Welsh Newspapers Online is the searchable digital archive of historic Welsh newspaper holdings of the National Library of Wales. It is a work in progress and,  as of September 2016, over 1,100,000 newspaper pages from 120 newspapers were available free online, comprising over 15 million articles including news, family notices and advertising. The years covered are from 1804 to 1919, and a brief history and listing of relevant newspapers is provided. Copyright provisions are frequently described as "unknown" in the context of an otherwise explicit overall policy.
Rongguang Bridge
Rongguang Bridge (simplified Chinese: 融光桥; traditional Chinese: 融光橋; pinyin: Róngguāng Qiáo) is a historic stone arch bridge over the Eastern Zhejiang Canal in Keqiao District, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.

Keqiao, Shaoxing
Keqiao District (simplified Chinese: 柯桥区; traditional Chinese: 柯橋區; pinyin: Kēqiáo Qū), formerly Shaoxing County, is a district of the city of Shaoxing in Zhejiang province, China.

The Keqiao section of the Eastern Zhejiang Canal is one of the best preserved, having historic bridges of the ancient towpath.
Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly
The Men's 200 metre butterfly event at the 2010 Commonwealth Games took place on 4 October 2010, at the SPM Swimming Pool Complex.

Three heats were held. The heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

SPM Swimming Pool Complex
The Dr. S. P. Mukherjee Swimming Stadium  or SPM Swimming Pool Complex is a swimming complex in New Delhi, India, that is hosting the aquatics events for the 2010 Commonwealth Games. The stadium is owned by the Sports Authority of India (SAI). 
It was renovated at a cost of Rs 377 crore (U$84.89 million) for the Commonwealth Games.
Financial regulation in India
Financial regulation in India is governed by a number of regulatory bodies. Financial regulation is a form of regulation or supervision, which subjects financial institutions to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines, aiming to maintain the stability and integrity of the financial system. This may be handled by either a government or non-government organization. Financial regulation has also influenced the structure of banking sectors by increasing the variety of financial products available. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.

Regulation
Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context. For example:

in government, typically regulation (or its plural) refers to the delegated legislation which is adopted to enforce primary legislation; including land-use regulation

in economy: regulatory economics

in finance: financial regulation

in business, industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set and enforce rules with less government involvement; and,

in biology, gene regulation and metabolic regulation allow living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis;

in psychology, self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals.
Ed Figueroa
Eduardo Figueroa Padilla (born October 14, 1948) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player. Listed at 6' 1" (1.86 m), 190 lb. (86 k), Figueroa batted and threw right handed. He was born in Ciales, Puerto Rico.

Figueroa is the only pitcher from Puerto Rico to win twenty games in a regular major league season.

Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente
The Roberto Clemente Professional Baseball League (Spanish:  Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente, abbreviation LBPRC) is the main professional baseball league in Puerto Rico; it is colloquially referred to as the Puerto Rican Winter League. Consisting of six teams as of the 2023–24 season, the league's champion participates in the Caribbean Series.

The league was founded as Liga de Béisbol Profesional de Puerto Rico in 1938. In 2007, the league suspended operations for the first time since its creation; it resumed operations in 2008 after restructuring and changing its name to Puerto Rico Baseball League (PRBL). In May 2012, the league debuted its current name, choosing to honor Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Roberto Clemente by naming it after him and adopting his philosophy of athletic development.
2012 Manitoba Lotteries Women's Curling Classic
The 2012 Manitoba Lotteries Women's Curling Classic was held October 19 to 22 at the Fort Rouge Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It was the second women's Grand Slam event of the 2012–13 curling season, and this edition of the event marked the ninth time that the tournament has been held. The purse for the event was CAD$60,000, of which the winner, Stefanie Lawton, received CAD$15,000. Lawton defeated Rachel Homan in the final with a score of 6–4.

Grand Slam of Curling
The Grand Slam of Curling (formerly branded as the Pinty's Grand Slam of Curling for sponsorship reasons) is a series of curling bonspiels that were formerly part of the annual World Curling Tour. Grand Slam events offer a purse of at least CAD$100,000, and feature the best teams from across Canada and around the World. The Grand Slam was instituted during the 2001–02 season for men and 2006–07 for women (with the 2006 Players' Championship also considered a Slam), but some of the Grand Slam events have longer histories as bonspiels.

The Grand Slam season consists of five men's and women's events. The original four events (Masters, Open, National, and Players' Championship) are considered to be "majors". The other slam (Tour Challenge) has a unique format that sets it apart from other events in the series.
Maria Ilona
Maria Ilona is a 1939 German historical drama film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Paula Wessely, Willy Birgel, and Paul Hörbiger. The film is set in Austria during the reign of Ferdinand I. It is an adaptation of Oswald Richter-Tersik's novel Ilona Beck.

Paula Wessely
Paula Anna Maria Wessely (20 January 1907 – 11 May 2000) was an Austrian theatre and film actor. Die Wessely (literally "The Wessely"), as she was affectionately called by her admirers and fans, was Austria's foremost popular postwar actress.
Chinese adjectives
Chinese adjectives (simplified Chinese: 形容词; traditional Chinese: 形容詞; pinyin: xíngróngcí) differ from adjectives in English in that they can be used as verbs (for example 天黑了; tiān hēi le; lit. "sky black perfective") and thus linguists sometimes prefer to use the terms static or stative verb to describe them.

Stative verb
In linguistics, a stative verb is a verb that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb, which describes an action. The difference can be categorized by saying that stative verbs describe situations that are static, or unchanging throughout their entire duration, and dynamic verbs describe processes that entail change over time. Many languages distinguish between the two types in terms of how they can be used grammatically.
Brown mudfish
The brown mudfish (Neochanna apoda) is a galaxiid endemic to New Zealand. The species is found in wetlands in the southwest of the North Island and the northern half of the west coast of the South Island. It commonly grows to 100–130 mm (3.9–5.1 in) in length, and it can live to at least 7 years. They are named for their brown color.

The dorsal and anal fins of the brown mudfish are very long-based, extending close to the caudal fin, nearly joining it.

It inhabits shallow swamp-forest wetlands. If the water dries out over summer, it is able to aestivate in damp areas, such as under logs and in root holes, until the water returns.

In 2014, the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the brown mudfish as "At Risk: Declining" with qualifier "C(1/1) >100,000 mature individuals, predicted decline 10–70%", and the IUCN rated them as "Endangered".

Aestivation
Aestivation (Latin: aestas (summer); also estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions. It takes place during times of heat and dryness, which are often the summer months.

Invertebrate and vertebrate animals enter an aestivating state to avoid damage from high temperatures and the risk of desiccation. Both terrestrial and aquatic animals undergo aestivation. Fossil records suggest that aestivation may have evolved several hundred million years ago.
Henry Blakeney
Henry Edward Hugh Blakeney (8 October 1890 – 12 February 1958) was a British track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

In 1912, he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 110 metre hurdles competition. He was eliminated in the first round in the 100 metres event.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. The competition was held on Thursday, July 11, 1912, and on Friday, July 12, 1912. 22 hurdlers from 10 nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Fred Kelly of the United States, the fifth of five consecutive victories for the nation in the first five Olympic Games. It was also the fourth of four consecutive podium sweeps for the Americans in the event.
Francesca Balzani
Francesca Balzani is an Italian politician and lawyer. She served as a City Councilor for the Budget of the Municipality of Genoa from 2007 to 2009 and was a Member of the European Parliament for the Democratic Party during the 7th legislature. From 2015 to 2016, she held the office of Deputy Mayor of Milan.

Giuliano Pisapia
Giuliano Pisapia (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈljaːno pizaˈpiːa]; born 20 May 1949) is an Italian lawyer, politician, former mayor of Milan, former member of the Italian Parliament and former member of the European Parliament. As a politician, he has been a member of two left-wing parties, first Proletarian Democracy and then the Communist Refoundation Party; in Milan's mayoral election, he was endorsed by a large left-wing coalition, after winning the primary election of the centre-left coalition with the strong support of Nichi Vendola's Left Ecology Freedom.

As a lawyer, he participated in a number of notable trials with political implications, including that of PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan and the trial that followed the death of anti-global activist Carlo Giuliani, shot by the police during the 27th G8 summit.
David Meidan
David Meidan (Hebrew: דוד מידן; born 1955) is a former Mossad official, serving as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's coordinator on the issue of POWs and MIAs. Served as personal representative of Prime Minister Netanyahu in the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange - negotiations for the release of kidnapped IDF soldier Gilad Shalit, and was perceived as bringing closure to the deal. Recently, Meidan was also appointed as special envoy to Turkey in an effort to bring back warm relations between Israel and Turkey.

Missing in action
Missing in action (MIA) is a casualty classification assigned to combatants, military chaplains, combat medics, and prisoners of war who are reported missing during wartime or ceasefire. They may have been killed, wounded, captured, executed, or deserted. If deceased, neither their remains nor their grave have been positively identified. Becoming MIA has been an occupational risk for as long as there has been warfare.
Protein fragment library
Protein backbone fragment libraries have been used successfully in a variety of structural biology applications, including homology modeling, de novo structure prediction, and structure determination. By reducing the complexity of the search space, these fragment libraries enable more rapid search of conformational space, leading to more efficient and accurate models.

Configuration space (physics)
In classical mechanics, the parameters that define the configuration of a system are called generalized coordinates, and the space defined by these coordinates is called the configuration space of the physical system.  It is often the case that these parameters satisfy mathematical constraints, such that the set of actual configurations of the system is a manifold in the space of generalized coordinates.  This manifold is called the configuration manifold of the system. Notice that this is a notion of "unrestricted" configuration space, i.e. in which different point particles may occupy the same position. In mathematics, in particular in topology, a notion of "restricted" configuration space is mostly used, in which the diagonals, representing "colliding" particles, are removed.
Sky Ride
The Sky Ride was an attraction built for the Century of Progress 1933  World's Fair in Chicago, Illinois. It was a transporter bridge (with a design similar to an aerial tramway or gondola lift), designed by the bridge engineering firm Robinson & Steinman, that ferried people across the lagoon, Burnham Harbor, in the center of the fair. It was located near Northerly Island, but was demolished after the Fair, having carried 4.5 million passengers. The Sky Ride had a 1,850-foot (560 m) span and two 628-foot (191 m) tall towers, making it the most prominent structure at the fair. Suspended from the span, 215 feet (66 m) above the ground, were rocket-shaped cars, each carrying 36 passengers.

Gondola lift
A gondola lift (cable car) is a means of cable transport and type of aerial lift which is supported and propelled by cables from above. It consists of a loop of steel wire rope that is strung between two stations, sometimes over intermediate supporting towers. The cable is driven by a bullwheel in a terminal, which is typically connected to an engine or electric motor. It is often considered a continuous system since it features a haul rope which continuously moves and circulates around two terminal stations. In contrast, an aerial tramway operates solely with fixed grips and simply shuttles back and forth between two end terminals.

The capacity, cost, and functionality of a gondola lift will differ dramatically depending on the combination of cables used for support and haulage and the type of grip (detachable or fixed). Because of the proliferation of such systems in the Alps, the Italian: Cabinovia and French: Télécabine are also used in English-language texts.
Doncaster–Mordialloc Road
Doncaster–Mordialloc Road is a major arterial road through the eastern and south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. This name is not widely known to most drivers, as the entire allocation is still best known as by the names of its constituent parts: Victoria Street, Wetherby Road, Middleborough Road, Stephensons Road, Clayton Road and Boundary Road. This article will deal with the entire length of the corridor for sake of completion.

Doncaster East, Victoria
Doncaster East is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 20 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, in the City of Manningham. Doncaster East had a population of 30,926 according to the 2021 census.

It is in the hills between the Koonung Creek and the Mullum Mullum Creek.

The suburb is on 11.4km2 of land, a larger area than Doncaster, which it was formerly party of.
2005 Open de Moselle – Doubles
Arnaud Clément and Nicolas Mahut were the defending champions, but Mahut did not compete this year. Clement teamed up with Thierry Ascione and lost in the first round to José Acasuso and Sebastián Prieto.

Michaël Llodra and Fabrice Santoro won the title by defeating Acasuso and Prieto 5–2, 3–5, 5–4(7–4) in the final. Shortly after the win, Llodra and Santoro announced that they will no longer play as a pair following the end of the season.

Arnaud Clément
Arnaud Clément (French pronunciation: [aʁno klemɑ̃]; born 17 December 1977) is a French former professional tennis player and Davis Cup captain. Clément reached the final of the 2001 Australian Open and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 10 in April 2001. He also had a career-high doubles ranking of No. 8. He won four ATP singles titles (Lyon 2000, Metz 2003, Marseille 2006, Washington 2006), and twelve doubles titles including 2007 Wimbledon, partnering Michaël Llodra, and two Masters titles.

He was the French Davis Cup captain from 2013 to 2015.