hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japanland: A Year in Search of Wa
Japanland: A Year in Search of Wa is a 2004 documentary television series (broadcast in late 2005) and book by American documentary filmmaker and travel author Karin Muller, who spent a year in Japan searching for wa, the Japanese concept of harmony.

Wa (name of Japan)
Wa is the oldest attested name of Japan and ethnonym of the Japanese people. From c. the 2nd century AD Chinese and Korean scribes used the Chinese character 倭; 'submissive'', ''distant'', ''dwarf' to refer to the various inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago, although it might have been just used to transcribe the phonetic value of a Japonic ethnonym with a respectively differing semantic connotation. In the 8th century, the Japanese started using the character 和, wa, 'harmony', 'peace', 'balance' instead due to the offensive nature of the former.
Stewart's Creek Gaol
Stewart's Creek Gaol is a heritage-listed prison at Centenary Drive, off Dwyer Street, Stuart, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by the Office of the Queensland Colonial Architect and built from 1890 to 1893 by Thomas Matthews. It is the predecessor of the modern Townsville Correctional Centre on the same site. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 July 2008.

City of Townsville
The City of Townsville is a local government area (LGA) located in North Queensland, Australia. It encompasses the city of Townsville, together with the surrounding rural areas. To the south are the communities of Alligator Creek, Woodstock and Reid River, and to the north are Northern Beaches and Paluma. Also included is Magnetic Island. In June 2018 the area had a population of 194,072, and is the 28th-largest LGA in Australia. Townsville is considered to be the unofficial capital of North Queensland.

In the 2021 census, the City of Townsville had a population of 192,768 people.
Richard Clitheroe (died c. 1463)
Richard Clitheroe (died c. 1463), of New Romney, Kent, was an English politician.

Clitheroe was the son of William Clitheroe, also an MP for New Romney, and the nephew of Richard Clitheroe, MP for Kent.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for New Romney in April 1414,
1415, March 1416, 1419, 1420, May 1421, 1422, 1423, 1429, 1435, 1437, 1442, 1445 and 1447. He was also jurat and (possibly deputy) bailiff of Romney and was the Cinque Ports’ bailiff at Yarmouth. He may have served as coroner of Kent.

New Romney
New Romney is a market town in Kent, England, on the edge of Romney Marsh, an area of flat, rich agricultural land reclaimed from the sea after the harbour began to silt up.  New Romney, one of the original Cinque Ports, was once a sea port, with the harbour adjacent to the church, but is now more than a mile from the sea. It is the headquarters of the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway.
Kumpf
Kumpf is a German surname with the same etymological roots as the English word "combe". Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Kumpf (1838–1904), German-born politician in Ontario, Canada. He served as mayor of Waterloo from 1879 to 1880 and from 1888 to 1889

Henry C. Kumpf (1830–1904), elected to three one-year terms as Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri in 1886-1888

Josias Kumpf (1925–2009), Nazi concentration camp guard

Henry W. Kumpf

Henry W. Kumpf
Henry William Kumpf Jr. (October 2, 1905 – March 21, 1990) was an American football coach. He was the head coach football at State University of New York at Cortland in Cortland, New York from 1930 to 1931, where he accumulated a record of 6–6–1. He was later the head football coach at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York from 1932 to 1938, where he had a record of 10–41–2.  A native of Buffalo, New York, Kumpf played college football as a halfback at Columbia University from 1926 to 1928.
Legacies (Dallas)
"Legacies" is the fifteenth episode and season finale in the second season (2013) of the television series Dallas. In the US it aired along with the final episode in the season, "Guilt by Association", functioning as a two-hour finale. It finally answered the question that was uttered in "The Furious and the Fast": Who shot J.R.?

Who shot J.R.?
"Who shot J.R.?" is an advertising catchphrase created in 1980 by American network CBS to promote the television soap opera Dallas. It referred to the fictional mystery surrounding a murder attempt against arch-villain J.R. Ewing (Larry Hagman) in the show's third-season finale "A House Divided". The mystery and its catchphrase became an American phenomenon, with American, Canadian and Western European odds-makers setting odds for the culprit. The mystery was not resolved until the fourth episode of the fourth season titled "Who Done It" which aired eight months later, with an estimated 83 million American viewers tuning in, one of the most watched television broadcasts in history. The catchphrase has a strong legacy in pop culture and the format helped popularize the cliffhanger ending for television series.
Alycia Parks
Alycia Michelle Parks (born December 31, 2000) is an American professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 40, achieved 14 August 2023, and a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 27, set on 11 September 2023. Parks has won one singles title and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including a WTA 1000 doubles title at the 2023 Western & Southern Open. She has also won five singles titles and three doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
Mountain Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers
The Mountain Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers was an old soldiers' home opened in 1904 in Mountain Home, Johnson City, Tennessee.  Its site has since been taken over by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, and is home to the Mountain Home National Cemetery and the James H. Quillen VA Center.   Also known as the Mountain Home, its campus was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2011, as a well-preserved example of an early 20th-century veterans care facility.

Old soldiers' home
An old soldiers' home is a military veterans' retirement home, nursing home, or hospital, or sometimes an institution for the care of the widows and orphans of a nation's soldiers, sailors, and marines, etc.
Abram Bergen
Abram Bergen (often misreported with first name Abraham or last name Berger; March 1836 – February 5, 1906) was an American lawyer who served as a justice of the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court from 1869 to 1870.

New Mexico Supreme Court
The New Mexico Supreme Court (Spanish: Corte Suprema de Nuevo México) is the highest court in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is established and its powers defined by Article VI of the New Mexico Constitution. It is primarily an appellate court which reviews civil and criminal decisions of New Mexico's trial courts of general jurisdiction and certain specialized legislative courts, only having original jurisdiction in a limited number of actions. It currently resides in the New Mexico Supreme Court Building in Santa Fe.

The court's five justices are chosen by statewide election, or appointed by the governor if to fill a seat that has become vacant mid-term; the justices in turn choose who among them will serve as chief justice. The second time they face popular election, they must first pass review by a judicial standards committee, and then face a retention election in which they must receive at least 57% of the vote.
Kharyyalakh, Khangalassky District, Sakha Republic
Kharyyalakh (Russian: Харыялах; Yakut: Харыйалаах, Xarıyalaax) is a rural locality (a selo), one of three settlements, in addition to Chkalov and Tit-Ary, the centre of the rural settlement, in Tit-Arinsky Rural Okrug of Khangalassky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 108 kilometers (67 mi) from Pokrovsk, the administrative center of the district and 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) from Bestyakh. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 8.

Tit-Ary
Tit-Ary (Russian: Тит-Ары) is the name of several rural localities in the Sakha Republic, Russia:

Tit-Ary, Khangalassky District, Sakha Republic, a selo in Tit-Arynsky Rural Okrug of Khangalassky District

Tit-Ary, Ust-Aldansky District, Sakha Republic, a selo in Tit-Arynsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District
North Northumberland Football League
The North Northumberland Football League is a football competition based in England.

When it had two divisions, the highest (Division One) sat at level 14 of the English football league system and was a feeder to the Northern Alliance. The league consisted of teams from between the rivers Tweed and Wansbeck.

Member teams compete in the Northumberland FA Minor Cup as well as six cup competitions run by the league: the Bilclough Cup, the Sanderson Cup, the Anderson Cup, the Runciman Cup and the Robson Cup, as well as the sixth one.

River Tweed
The River Tweed, or Tweed Water (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Thuaidh /ɯʃgʲə huəj/) is a river 97 miles (156 km) long that flows east across the Border region in Scotland and northern England.  Tweed cloth derives its name from its association with the River Tweed. The Tweed is one of the great salmon rivers of Britain and the only river in England where an Environment Agency rod licence is not required for angling. The river generates a large income for the local borders region, attracting anglers from all around the world.
Phil Berger (politician)
Philip Edward Berger (born August 8, 1952) is a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's thirtieth Senate district, which includes Guilford, and Rockingham,  counties.

Born in New York, Berger was first elected to the North Carolina Senate in 2000. He became minority leader in 2004, and in 2010, he was selected by his fellow Republicans as their choice for the next Senate President Pro Tem. Berger was officially elected president Pro Tem when the legislature opened on January 26, 2011.

Guilford County, North Carolina
Guilford County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 541,299, making it the third-most populous county in North Carolina. The county seat and largest community is Greensboro. Since 1938, an additional county court has been located in High Point. The county was formed in 1771. Guilford County is included in the Greensboro-High Point, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Ernst Pringsheim Jr.
Ernst Pringsheim Jr. or Ernst Georg Pringsheim (October 26, 1881 in Breslau, Lower Silesia – December 26, 1970 in Hannover) was a German natural scientist and plant physiology.

He taught as a professor for biochemistry and botany, in the University of Berlin, University of Prague, and Cambridge University.

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
Erewash Valley line
The Erewash Valley Line is a railway line in England, running from Long Eaton, between Nottingham and Derby, and Clay Cross, near Chesterfield. The southern part was opened by the Midland Railway in 1847 as far as Codnor Park, where it connected to established ironworks, and soon after, a line to Pinxton and Mansfield.

It linked numerous collieries and ironstone pits, and encouraged the development of the so-called "concealed" Nottinghamshire coalfield, where the coal measures were below a thick limestone stratum. The line was extended north to Clay Cross, on the way to Chesterfield, in 1861, and in doing so formed an alternative through southward route. Congestion on the Midland Railway was a grave problem, and the line enabled diversion of some goods and mineral traffic. Large marshalling yards were developed at Toton, at the southern end of the line, to handle the huge volume of coal traffic.

The Erewash Valley Line continues in use at the present day.

Chesterfield, Derbyshire
Chesterfield is a market and industrial town in the county of Derbyshire, England. It is 24 miles (39 km) north of Derby and 11 miles (18 km) south of Sheffield at the confluence of the Rivers Rother and Hipper. In 2011, the built-up-area subdivision had a population of 88,483, making it the second-largest settlement in Derbyshire, after Derby. The wider Borough of Chesterfield had a population of 103,569 in the 2021 Census. In 2021, the town itself had a population of 76,402.

It has been traced to a transitory Roman fort dated to approximately AD 80-100. The name of the later Anglo-Saxon village comes from the Old English ceaster (Roman fort) and feld (pasture). It has a sizeable street market three days a week. The town sits on an old coalfield, but little visual evidence of mining remains since the closure of the final town centre mine nicknamed “The Green Room”. The main landmark is the crooked spire of the Church of St Mary and All Saints.
Chan Tzun Hei
Chan Tzun Hei (Chinese: 陈俊熙) (born 28 November 1983) is the current Sabah Deputy Youth Chief of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan), a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition. He is also the National Youth Central Committee and State of Sabah Liaison Committee Secretary of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan). He is also the Community Development Leader for the constituency of Elopura, a district in Sandakan, Sabah. He is also the current Youth Chief for Sandakan Branch and Division of for Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan). Chan is able to converse in English, Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin Chinese and other Chinese dialects such as Hakka and Cantonese.

Duchess of Kent Hospital
The Duchess of Kent Hospital (Malay: Hospital Duchess of Kent) is a government founded rural general hospital located around 3.2 kilometres (2.0 miles) from the town centre of Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. The hospital has an area around 17.37 hectares (42.93 acres), with the hospital buildings area comprising 2,245.3 square metres (24,168 square feet). The hospital is named after the British princess Marina, Duchess of Kent.
Tandem
Tandem, or in tandem, is an arrangement in which two or more animals, machines, or people are lined up one behind another, all facing in the same direction. Tandem can also be used more generally to refer to any group of persons or objects working together, not necessarily in line.

The English word tandem derives from the Latin adverb tandem, meaning at length or finally. It is a word play, using the Latin phrase (referring to time, not position) for English "at length, lengthwise".

Adverb
An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a clause, a preposition, or a sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, or level of certainty by answering questions such as how, in what way, when, where, to what extent. This is called the adverbial function and may be performed by an individual adverb, by an adverbial phrase, or by an adverbial clause.

Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech. Modern linguists note that the term adverb has come to be used as a kind of "catch-all" category, used to classify words with various types of syntactic behavior, not necessarily having much in common except that they do not fit into any of the other available categories (noun, adjective, preposition, etc.).
Ohio Capital Conference
The Ohio Capital Conference is a high school athletic conference located in Central Ohio.  It comprises 33 public high schools located primarily in suburban Columbus, Ohio, encompassing Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Hocking, Licking, Pickaway and Union counties.  The league is geographically divided into three divisions of six teams each (Cardinal, Central, and Ohio) one division of seven teams (Capital) and one division of eight teams (Buckeye). Twenty-four schools compete in the OHSAA's Division I classification for football while nine schools compete in Division II.  All conference members compete in the Central District postseason tournaments prior to the regional and state tournaments.

The newest schools to join the OCC are Teays Valley and Logan (2024–25). The most recent school to leave is Franklin Heights (moved to the Central Buckeye League in 2024-25). The conference re-aligned with the 2024-25 school year.

Pickaway County, Ohio
Pickaway County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,539. Its county seat is Circleville. Its name derives from the Pekowi band of Shawnee Indians, who inhabited the area. (See List of Ohio county name etymologies.)

Pickaway County is part of the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Operator monotone function
In linear algebra, operator monotone functions are an important type of real-valued function, fully classified by Charles Löwner in 1934. They are closely related to operator concave and operator convex functions, and are encountered in operator theory and in matrix theory, and led to the Löwner–Heinz inequality. Operator monotone functions are called in other contexts complete Bernstein function, Nevanlinna function, Pick function or class (S) function.

Real-valued function
In mathematics, a real-valued function is a function whose values are real numbers.  In other words, it is a function that assigns a real number to each member of its domain.

Real-valued functions of a real variable (commonly called real functions) and real-valued functions of several real variables are the main object of study of calculus and, more generally, real analysis. In particular, many function spaces consist of real-valued functions.
Widower Jarl
Widower Jarl (Swedish: Änkeman Jarl) is a 1945 Swedish comedy film directed by Sigurd Wallén and starring Wallén, Dagmar Ebbesen, Sven Magnusson and Ingrid Backlin. It was shot at the Sundbyberg Studios in Stockholm with location shooting around Växjö and Tingsryd. The film's sets were designed by the art director Max Linder. It is based on the 1940 play Widower Jarl by Vilhelm Moberg.

Växjö
Växjö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvɛ̂kːɧøː]) is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. As of 2023, it had 74,052 inhabitants, out of a total 98,280 municipal residents (2025). It is the administrative, cultural, and industrial centre of Kronoberg County and the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö, with Växjö Cathedral at its heart. The city is also home to Linnaeus University.
1991 Kano State gubernatorial election
The 1991 Kano State gubernatorial election occurred on December 14, 1991. National Republican Convention (NRC) candidate Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya won the election, defeating Social Democratic Party (SDP) Magaji Abdullahi.

Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya
Kabiru Ibrahim Gayapronunciationⓘ (born 16 June 1952) is a Nigerian politician who has served in the Senate of Nigeria since 2007 representing the Kano South constituency of Kano State. He is a member of the ruling All Progressive Congress (APC).
Sechnassach mac Colggen
Sechnassach mac Colggen (died 746/747) was a king of the Uí Cheinnselaig of South Leinster or Laigin Desgabair. He was of the Sil Chormaic sept of this branch of the Laigin. His father Colcú mac Bressail (died 722) was called king of Ard Ladrann (near Gorey in County Wexford) at his death obit in the annals in 722 which mention that he was killed. Sechnassach was the great-great grandson of Crundmáel Erbuilc (died 655), a King of Leinster and brother of Áed mac Colggen (died 738), also King of Leinster.

His brother had been slain at the Battle of Áth Senaig in 738 by the high king Áed Allán. After the crushing defeat at Áth Senaig, the Uí Dúnlainge dominated the kingship of Leinster for fully three centuries. He succeeded his brother as king and ruled from 738-746/ 747. Nothing is recorded of him in the annals other than his death. His nephew Eterscél mac Áeda (died 778) was also a King of the Uí Cheinnselaig.

Gorey
Gorey (Irish: Guaire) is a market town in north County Wexford, Ireland. It is bypassed by the main M11 Dublin to Wexford road. The town is also connected to the railway network along the same route. Local newspapers include the Gorey Guardian.

As a growing commuter town to Dublin for some residents, there has been an increase in population in the early 21st century. Between 1996 and 2002, the population of the surrounding district grew by 23%, and the town itself almost trebled in population (from 3,939 to 11,517 inhabitants) in the period between the 1996 and 2022 census.
Split jump (exercise)
A split jump (also known as lunge jump, jumping lunge, plyometric lunge or simply plyo lunge. Not to be confused with the split jump used by dancers, gymnasts and figure skaters) is a form of exercise which focuses on the upper leg muscles, especially the quadriceps:

assume an upright squatting position with one foot forward and the other back

with a jumping motion, simultaneously move the rear foot forward and the front foot back, ending as position 1 with the feet reversed

repeat

The exercise is often used for increasing lower body strength and overall athleticism.

Squatting position
Squatting is a versatile posture where the weight of the body is on the feet but the knees and hips are bent. In contrast, sitting involves supporting the weight of the body on the ischial tuberosities of the pelvis, with the lower buttocks in contact with the ground or a horizontal object. The angle between the legs when squatting can vary from zero to widely splayed out, flexibility permitting. Another variable may be the degree of forward tilt of the upper body from the hips. Squatting may be either full or partial.

Crouching is usually considered to be synonymous with squatting. It is common to squat with one leg and kneel with the other leg. One or both heels may be up when squatting. Young children often instinctively squat. Among Chinese, Southeast Asian and Eastern European adults, squatting often takes the place of sitting or standing.
Norman Patterson (soccer)
Norman Thomas Patterson (27 October 1945 – 21 August 2012) was a Canadian international soccer player.

Born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, Patterson grew up in Quebec and played club soccer for St. Paul Rovers and Celtic Verdun. He represented Canada at the 1967 Pan American Games. He died from cancer in Toronto.

Football at the 1967 Pan American Games
The fifth edition of the football tournament at the Pan American Games was held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from July 24 to August 3, 1967. Eight teams divided in two groups of four did compete in a round-robin competition, with Brazil defending the title. For the first time the tournament ended with a knock-out stage after the preliminary round.