hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
African-American Flag
Untitled (African-American Flag) is a vexillographic artwork by American artist David Hammons from 1990, combining the colors of the Pan-African flag with the pattern of the flag of the United States to represent African diaspora identity. The flag replaces the red, white and blue colors on the traditional American flags with pan-African colors.

It was first created for the art exhibition "Black USA" at an Amsterdam museum in 1990, and its first edition was of five flags, which are now in major museum collections.

The work's creation has been seen in the context of the inauguration of David Dinkins as the first African American mayor of New York City, following his 1989 election. The following year Hammons was awarded the MacArthur Genius Fellowship for his "contributions to African American cultural identity".

David Dinkins
David Norman Dinkins (July 10, 1927 – November 23, 2020) was an American politician, lawyer, and author who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1990 to 1993.

Dinkins was among the more than 20,000 Montford Point Marines, the first African-American U.S. Marines, from 1945 to 1946. He graduated cum laude from Howard University and received his law degree from Brooklyn Law School in 1956. A longtime member of Harlem's Carver Democratic Club, Dinkins began his electoral career by serving in the New York State Assembly in 1966, eventually advancing to Manhattan borough president. He won the 1989 New York City mayoral election, becoming the first African American to hold the office. After losing re-election in 1993, Dinkins joined the faculty of Columbia University while remaining active in municipal politics.
Stan's World Cup Song
"Stan's World Cup Song", also known as "Aye Aye Ippy The Germans Bombed Our Chippy", is a song by English comedian Stan Boardman. It is set to the tune of "She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain" and the Dam Busters March. It was released to coincide with the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

The Dam Busters March
The Dam Busters March is the theme for the 1955 British war film The Dam Busters. The musical composition, by Eric Coates, has become synonymous with both the film and the real Operation Chastise. The Dam Busters March remains a very popular accompaniment to flypasts in the UK.
Hooligans (album)
Hooligans is a double compilation album of the Who released by MCA Records in 1981. It focuses on Who songs from the 1970s with only the titles "I Can't Explain", "I Can See for Miles" and "Pinball Wizard" from the 1960s. The album reached No. 52 on the US charts.

It is most notable as the first US album to include three hard to find Who singles. The 1971 UK single "Let's See Action" was not released in the US, and for this album the title was changed to "(Nothing Is Everything) Let's See Action". Two other singles, "Join Together" and "Relay", were released both in the UK and US in 1972. US releases of "Relay" were re-titled "The Relay". The version of the song on this album was edited by use of a fade that occurs about 25 seconds early.

The album title and cover design are by Richard Evans

I Can't Explain
"I Can't Explain" is a song by English rock band the Who, written by Pete Townshend and produced by Shel Talmy. It was released as a single in the United States on 19 December 1964 by Decca and on 15 January 1965 in the United Kingdom by Brunswick. It was the band's second single release and first under the Who name.

The song has been covered by other artists, including David Bowie.
Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Light flyweight
The men's light flyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1988 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 48 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 17 September to 1 October 1988. 34 boxers from 34 nations competed. 1980 bronze medalist Ivailo Marinov won the gold medal by controversially defeating young Michael Carbajal. There were suspicions of politics influencing the judges decision in the gold medal bout.

Leopoldo Serantes
Leopoldo Serantes (March 15, 1962 – September 1, 2021) was a Filipino amateur boxer and soldier. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea in the Light Flyweight (-48 kg) division, winning the bronze medal in a lost bout against Ivailo Marinov from Bulgaria in the semifinals. Serantes' win marked the first time in 24 years that an athlete from the Philippines won an Olympic medal since boxer Anthony Villanueva, his head coach, won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics, and he became the sixth Filipino overall to be awarded an Olympic medal.
Heteronomous annulation
Heteronomous annulation is a characteristic of some arthropods. It means that segments are differentiated from one another, each having different form so as to serve a different function – for instance, using some limbs for walking and others for feeding.

The trait is first observed in the armoured lobopods. It is thought to be the precursor to segmentation in arthropods, and perhaps resulted from the need to produce serially repeated defensive structures (spines). It can be studied using homeotic genes.  It is believed to be a trait found in the most recent common ancestor of Panarthropoda.

Panarthropoda
Panarthropoda is a clade comprising the greatest diversity of animal groups. It contains the extant phyla Arthropoda (Euarthropoda), Tardigrada (water bears) and Onychophora (velvet worms), although the relationships among these remained uncertain according to studies published in 2023 and 2024. Panarthropods also include extinct marine legged worms known as lobopodians ("Lobopodia"), a paraphyletic group where the last common ancestor and basal members (stem-group) of each extant panarthropod phylum are thought to have risen. However the term "Lobopodia" is sometimes expanded to include tardigrades and onychophorans as well.

Common characteristics of the Panarthropoda include a segmented body, paired ladder-like ventral nervous system, and the presence of paired appendages correlated with body segments.
Sterkstroom Provincial Hospital
Sterkstroom Provincial Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital for the Inkwanca Local Municipality area in Sterkstroom, Eastern Cape in South Africa.

The hospital departments include Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, X-ray Services, Physiotherapy, NHLS Laboratory, Laundry Services, Kitchen Services and Mortuary.

Laboratory
A laboratory (UK: /ləˈbɒrətəri/; US: /ˈlæbrətɔːri/; colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Laboratories are found in a variety of settings such as schools, universities, privately owned research institutions, corporate research and testing facilities, government regulatory and forensic investigation centers,  physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, regional and national referral centers, and even occasionally personal residences.
Alisa Bokulich
Alisa Bokulich is an American philosopher of science and Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. Since 2010 she has been the Director of the Center for Philosophy and History of Science at Boston University, where she organizes the Boston Colloquium for Philosophy of Science, and serves as a Series Editor for Boston Studies in Philosophy and History of Science.  She was the first woman ever to be tenured in the Philosophy Department at Boston University and the first woman to become a director of a center for history and philosophy of science in North America.

Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science
Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science is an interdepartmental, interuniversity forum on the nature of science, and each year organizes the Boston Colloquium for Philosophy of Science.
The Birds (band)
The Birds were an English rhythm and blues band, formed in 1964 in London. They recorded fewer than a dozen songs and released only four singles.

Starting out with a hard R&B sound, they later began infusing it with Motown-style vocal harmonies. The best known former member of the Birds is Ronnie Wood playing lead guitar, who went on to join the Jeff Beck Group, the Creation, Faces and later the Rolling Stones.

The Jeff Beck Group
The Jeff Beck Group were a British rock band formed in London in January 1967 by former Yardbirds guitarist Jeff Beck. Their innovative approach to heavy-sounding blues, rhythm and blues and rock was a major influence on popular music.
NAND logic
The NAND Boolean function has the property of functional completeness. This means that any Boolean expression can be re-expressed by an equivalent expression utilizing only NAND operations. For example, the function NOT(x) may be equivalently expressed as NAND(x,x). In the field of digital electronic circuits, this implies that it is possible to implement any Boolean function using just NAND gates.

The mathematical proof for this was published by Henry M. Sheffer in 1913 in the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Sheffer 1913). A similar case applies to the NOR function, and this is referred to as NOR logic.

Logical NOR
In Boolean logic, logical NOR, non-disjunction, or joint denial is a truth-functional operator which produces a result that is the negation of logical or. That is, a sentence of the form (p NOR q) is true precisely when neither p nor q is true—i.e. when both p and q are false. It is logically equivalent to  and , where the symbol  signifies logical negation,  signifies OR, and  signifies AND.

Non-disjunction is usually denoted as  or  or  (prefix) or .

As with its dual, the NAND operator (also known as the Sheffer stroke—symbolized as either ,  or ), NOR can be used by itself, without any other logical operator, to constitute a logical formal system (making NOR functionally complete).

The computer used in the spacecraft that first carried humans to the moon, the Apollo Guidance Computer, was constructed entirely using NOR gates with three inputs.
Marco Reguzzoni
Marco Giovanni Reguzzoni  (born 30 May 1971) is an Italian politician and entrepreneur. He was President of Varese Province from 2002 to 2008. He was a member of the Italian Parliament as congressman and president of the Northern League group since 2013 and now he is the President of Volandia, the largest museum of flight in Europe.

Lega Lombarda
Lega Lombarda (English: Lombard League, LL), whose complete name is Lega Lombarda per Salvini Premier (English: Lombard League for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Lombardy. Established in 1984, it was one of the founding "national" sections of Lega Nord (LN) in 1991 and has been the regional section of Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) in Lombardy since 2020. Along with Liga Veneta, the LL has formed the bulk of the federal party (LN/LSP), which has been led by Lombards since its foundation.

The LL is currently led by Massimiliano Romeo, elected secretary in 2024. Leading members of the party have included Umberto Bossi, Roberto Maroni, Francesco Speroni, Roberto Calderoli, Giancarlo Giorgetti, Roberto Castelli, Matteo Salvini, who has led the federal party since 2013, Gian Marco Centinaio and Attilio Fontana, who has served as president of Lombardy since 2018.
Margaret MacMillan
Margaret Olwen MacMillan (born 23 December 1943) is a Canadian historian and emeritus professor at the University of Oxford. She is former provost of Trinity College, Toronto, and professor of history at the University of Toronto and previously at Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University). MacMillan is an expert on the history of international relations.

MacMillan was the 2018 Reith lecturer, giving five lectures across the globe on the theme of war under the title The Mark of Cain, the tour taking in London, York, Beirut, Belfast, and Ottawa.

Canadian International Council
The Canadian International Council (CIC; French: Conseil international du Canada) is a Canadian think tank on foreign relations. Its stated goal is to strengthen Canada's role in international affairs, considering issues across academic disciplines, policy areas, and economic sectors.

The council is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, with 19 branches across Canada, which organize speaker programs, study groups, conferences, and seminars. It has also established a pan-Canadian Young Professionals Network.
Inidhu Inidhu Kadhal Inidhu
Inidhu Inidhu Kadhal Inidhu (transl. Sweet, sweet, love is sweet)  is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language buddy romance film directed by Sakthi Chidambaram, and produced by Ramoji Rao. A remake of the 2001 Telugu film Anandam, it stars Jai Akash reprising his role from the original and Neha, with Hamsavardhan and Monica in supporting roles. The film was released on 8 May 2003.

Monica (Tamil actress)
Monica (born Rekha Maruthiraj) is an Indian former actress, who starred predominantly in Tamil language films. A child actor in the early 1990s, she mostly appeared in supporting roles, before taking lead roles from the late 2000s on. She is probably best known for performances in the films Azhagi, Imsai Arasan 23m Pulikesi and Silandhi. In 2012, she changed her name to Parvana for Malayalam films. In 2014, she converted to Islam, changing her name to M. G. Raheema, and announced that she had quit acting.
Salted (book)
Salted: A Manifesto on the World's Most Essential Mineral, with Recipes (Ten Speed Press, 2010) is a reference book and cookbook written by food writer Mark Bitterman. In May 2011 Salted won the James Beard Foundation Award for Reference and Scholarship Cookbook. It has also been nominated for the International Association of Culinary Professionals Cookbook Awards for the Food & Beverage Reference/Technical category and First Book: The Julia Child Award. It is available both in hardcover and on the Kindle.

Amazon Kindle
Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines,  Audible audiobooks, and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store. The hardware platform, which Amazon subsidiary Lab126 developed, began as a single device in 2007. Currently, it comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms. All Kindle devices integrate with Windows and macOS file systems and Kindle Store content and, as of March 2018, the store had over six million e-books available in the United States.
Hòa Lợi, Ho Chi Minh City
Hòa Lợi (Vietnamese: Phường Hòa Lợi) is a ward of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is one of the 168 new wards, communes and special zones of the city following the reorganization in 2025.

According to Official Letter No. 2896/BNV-CQĐP dated May 27, 2025 of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Hòa Lợi after reorganization has an area of 33.589km², population as of December 31, 2024 is 79,694 people, population density reaches 2,372 people/km² (Article 6 Resolution No. 76/2025/UBTVQH15 dated April 14, 2025 of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly).

2025 Vietnamese administrative reform
As part of broader institutional reforms in 2024 and 2025, the Communist Party and Government of Vietnam announced the Plan to Arrange and Merge Administrative Units (Vietnamese: Phương án sắp xếp và sáp nhập đơn vị hành chính, lit. 'Project for [re]organising and merging administrative units'). As part of the re-organisation, the district level of units is to be eliminated and the number of local government units at the provincial and communal levels are to be reduced by around 50%. A constitutional amendment will be required to eliminate the district level of local authorities. It is also considered a transition period to revise the Vietnamese constitution and legal system. On 1 July 2025, Vietnam implemented its most extensive administrative reform in decades, merging 63 provinces and cities down to 34 first-level subdivisions and eliminating the district level entirely.
Whessoe
Whessoe is a company based in Darlington and on Teesside in North East England. It was formerly a supplier of chemical, oil and nuclear plant and instrumentation, and today is a manufacturer of low temperature storage.

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Carl Nickle
Lieutenant Carl Olof Nickle (July 12, 1914, in Winnipeg, Manitoba – December 5, 1990) was an editor and publisher, oil baron, soldier in the Canadian Army and served as a Canadian federal politician from 1951 to 1957.

Nickle served a nine-year career in the Canadian Forces. He joined in 1939 and served in the Calgary Highlanders achieving the rank of lieutenant. Nickle left the Army in 1948.  Nickle first ran for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election held in the electoral district of Calgary West on December 10, 1951. Nickle won the by-election and his first term in office by a comfortable margin. Calgary's electoral boundaries would be redistributed at the drop of the writ for the 1953 federal election. He would run in the new electoral district of Calgary South and be re-elected defeating 4 other candidates. He retired from federal politics at the end of his second term in 1957.

Nickle was admitted to the Order of Canada in 1974.

Calgary South
Calgary South was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1953 to 1988. This riding was created in 1952 from parts of Bow River, Calgary West and Calgary East ridings.

It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Calgary Southwest and Calgary West ridings.
Karanpur, Raebareli
Karanpur is a village in Bachhrawan block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India.  Located 23 km from the city of Raebareli, Karanpur was historically one of the main villages in the Bachhrawan pargana. As of 2011, Karanpur's population is 4,171, in 791 households.

The 1961 census recorded Karanpur as comprising 7 hamlets, with a total population of 1,607  people (846 male and 761 female), in 338 households and 318 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 821 acres. It had 3 grain mills then.

The 1981 census recorded Karanpur as having a population of 2,282 people, in 537 households, and having an area of 332.25 hectares.

Bachhrawan
Bachhrawan is a town and nagar panchayat in Raebareli district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the seat of a community development block. It is located on the main Raebareli-Lucknow road, at the intersection with roads leading to Maharajganj, Haidergarh, and Gurbakhshganj. The railway runs parallel with the Raebareli-Lucknow road, and there is a train station on the west side of town. First upgraded to municipal status in 1935, Bachhrawan hosts a Ramlila festival on Asvina Sudi 10, which involves a dramatic reenactment of the Ramayana. Vendors bring various everyday items to sell at the festival. As of 2011, the population of Bachhrawan is 12,521, in 2,359 households.
Kabo District
Kabo is a district in the Sangha Department of Republic of the Congo.

The north of the district is the south part of the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, one of the 3 parks composing the Sangha Trinational, a forest added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012.

Sangha Trinational
Sangha Trinational (French: Trinational de la Sangha, TNS) is a forest divided between the nations of Central African Republic, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo. It was added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012 because of its outstanding biodiversity and unique biological communities. The site includes 3 contiguous national parks within the humid tropical forests of Central Africa: Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in Congo, Lobéké National Park in Cameroon, and Dzanga-Ndoki National Park in Central African Republic. The large size of the site and the relatively limited amount of deforestation within the three parks has allowed populations of vulnerable species such as African forest elephants, gorillas, sitatunga, and chimpanzees to thrive. In addition, populations of critically endangered plant species such as Mukulungu are protected within the site's borders.
Cảnh
The cảnh or tiu cảnh is a Vietnamese musical instrument. It is a form of small cymbal. It is part of the basic set of percussion instruments used for chầu văn alongside the phách bamboo clappers and the trống, a small two-headed barrel drum. These percussion instruments are placed on the floor and struck with wooden beaters.

Chầu văn
Hát chầu văn (Vietnamese: [háːt cə̂w van], chữ Nôm: 喝朝文), or in secular form hát văn (喝文), is a traditional folk art of northern Vietnam which combines trance singing and dancing. Its music and poetry are combined with a variety of instruments, rhythms, pauses, and tempos. Hát chầu văn originated in the 16th century and spread quickly. The main musical instrument used in hat van performance is the đàn nguyệt or moon-shaped lute. The genre is famous for its use in rituals for deity mediumship. Chầu văn serves two purposes: to help hypnotize the medium for reception of the deities and to accompany the medium's actions with appropriate music.

The singing and dance in non-religious form is hát văn ("sung literature") without the word chầu ("to have an audience with someone of higher power", "to perform a service and pay homage to a deity").
BMC Software
BMC Software, Inc. is an American multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting, and enterprise software company. In 2025, the company's Helix product was spun off into the independent IT service and operations-focused company BMC Helix. Both companies are owned by KKR and based in Houston, Texas.

Enterprise software
Enterprise software, also known as enterprise application software (EAS), is computer software that has been specially developed or adapted to meet the complex requirements of larger organizations. Enterprise software is an integral part of a computer-based information system, handling a number of business operations, for example to enhance business and management reporting tasks, or support production operations and back office functions. Enterprise systems must process information at a relatively high speed.

Services provided by enterprise software are typically business-oriented tools. As companies and other organizations have similar departments and systems, enterprise software is often available as a suite of customizable programs. Function-specific enterprise software uses include database management, customer relationship management, supply chain management and business process management.