hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mark Scharrenberg
Mark Andrew Scharrenberg (born April 30, 1969) is an American former international rugby union player.

Raised in California, Scharrenberg was a football running back at Saint Francis High School and played on the 1984 Central Coast Section championship team. He was named All-CCS and West Catholic Athletic League player of the year in 1986. Going on to attend Chico State University, Scharrenberg was a Division II football player and also took up rugby for the Wildcats, becoming their first All-American rugby player in 1993.

Scharrenberg, a center, played rugby for San Francisco Golden Gate and was a member of the U.S. national team from 1993 to 1999. He scored an important try against Uruguay that helped the United States qualify for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, where he bowed out of international rugby by appearing in all pool matches, to finish with 39 caps. Outside of Test rugby, Scharrenberg also competed overseas in club rugby for Jed-Forest in Scotland and Reading in England.

California State University, Chico
California State University, Chico (Chico State) is a public university in Chico, California, United States. It was founded in 1887 as one of about 180 "normal schools" founded by state governments in the 19th century to train teachers for the rapidly growing public common schools. Some closed but most steadily expanded their role and became state colleges in the early 20th century and state universities in the late 20th century. It is the second oldest campus in the California State University system. As of the fall 2020 semester, the university had a total enrollment of 16,630 students. The university offers 126 bachelor's degree programs, 35 master's degree programs, and four types of teaching credentials. Chico is a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI).
Annals of Lund
The Annals of Lund (Latin: Annales Lundenses) is a Latin set of annals written in Lund around 1250–1307. Several manuscript copies have survived to the modern day. The text is composed of two parts: the first part is based on earlier works, including the Chronicon Lethrense, and discusses events from antiquity to 1256; the second part includes events from every year until 1307. This portion is unique to the Annals of Lund and primarily deals with Danish politics. The topics include the Norwegian King Erik’s offensive in Denmark and Erik Menved's marriage with Ingeborg of Sweden in 1296. Additionally, the Battle of Gestilren in Sweden in 1210 and the 1256 destruction of Refshaleborg fort on Lolland are described.

There are three surviving copies of the Annals of Lund. One is found at the Erfurt Library in Germany and the other two are part of the Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection in the Royal Library in Copenhagen.

Lund
Lund (/lʊnd/, US also /lʌnd/ LU(U)ND; Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town had 94,393 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 130,288 as of 2023. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Scania County. The Öresund Region, which includes Lund, is home to more than 4.2 million people.

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built c. 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.

Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.
Plomestane
Plomestane (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name; former developmental code name MDL-18962; also known as propargylestrenedione, PED) is a steroidal, irreversible aromatase inhibitor which was under development by Marion Merrell Dow/Hoechst Marion Russell (now Hoechst AG) as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. It was found to be effective in preclinical studies and was also found to produce few adverse effects in human clinical trials, significantly reducing estrogen levels with a single administration. However, development of the drug for clinical use was halted due to "technical issues" and it was never marketed.

In addition to its activity as an aromatase inhibitor, plomestane has weak androgenic properties.

Marion Merrell Dow
Marion Merrell Dow and its predecessor Marion Laboratories was a U.S. pharmaceutical company based in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1950 until 1996.

The company specialized in bringing to market drugs that had been discovered but unmarketed by other companies including Cardizem which treats arrhythmias and high blood pressure, Carafate (an ulcer treatment), Gaviscon (an antacid), Seldane (a withdrawn antihistamine), Nicorette (anti-smoking gum) and Cepacol mouthwash.

The company operating out of its headquarters at 9300 Ward Parkway was a springboard for its founder Ewing Marion Kauffman to start the Kansas City Royals baseball team.
The Pursuit of the Smugglers
The Pursuit of the Smugglers is a 1913 American short silent film drama. The film was directed by J. P. McGowan and stars Earle Foxe, James Vincent, Irene Boyle, and Stuart Holmes in the lead roles. It was produced and distributed by the Kalem Company.

J. P. McGowan
John Paterson McGowan (February 24, 1880 – March 26, 1952) was a pioneering Hollywood actor and director and occasionally a screenwriter and producer. McGowan remains the only Australian to have been made a life member of the Screen Directors Guild (now Directors Guild of America).
Tax fraud schemes and detection
Tax fraud schemes and detection covers intentional violations of tax law to obtain unlawful tax benefits and the tools used to identify them. Schemes include false or misleading returns, fictitious invoices and records, identity-theft refund filings, deliberate non-registration or non-filing, and organised VAT fraud. Detection relies on third-party reporting and data matching, targeted audits and investigations, statistical tests (e.g., Benford's Law), regression and supervised models, anomaly detection, graph/network analytics on invoices and entities, and document forensics, alongside preventive controls like e-invoicing and stronger taxpayer identification.

Electronic invoicing
Electronic invoicing (also called e-invoicing or einvoicing) is a form of electronic billing.  E-invoicing includes a number of different technologies and entry options and is usually used as an umbrella term to describe any method by which a document is electronically presented from one party to another, either for payment or to present and monitor transactional documents between trade partners to ensure the terms of their trading agreements are being met. These documents can include invoices, purchase orders, debit notes, credit notes, payment terms, payment instructions, and remittance slips.
Historical exchange rates of Argentine currency
The following table contains the monthly historical exchange rate of the different currencies of Argentina, expressed in Argentine currency units per United States dollar. The exchange rate at the end of each month is expressed in:

January 1914 – December 1969: peso moneda nacional

January 1970 – May 1983: peso ley

June 1983 – May 1985: peso

June 1985 – December 1991: austral

January 1992 – present: peso

The value of one current peso is ten trillion pesos moneda nacional (m$n), the currency in use from 1881 to 1969.

It is also equal, as of the close of 2025, to 6.25 quadrillion 1914-era pesos with the U.S. dollar as reference – an average annual depreciation relative to the dollar of 28% (i.e. an annual increase of the value of the dollar of 39%).

Argentine austral
The austral was the currency of Argentina between 15 June 1985, and 31 December 1991. It was divided into 100 centavos. The symbol was an uppercase A with an extra horizontal line, (₳). This symbol appeared on all coins issued in this currency (including centavos), to distinguish them from earlier currencies.
Seung Hee Yang
Seung Hee Yang (Korean: 양승희; born November 17, 1969) is a South Korean violinist and academic. She is a violin professor at Chugye University for the Arts and has performed internationally.

Born in Seoul, South Korea, she initially learned to play the piano before taking up the violin at the age of 6. She graduated from the Yewon Art School, Seoul Arts High School, and achieved the Bachelor of Music at the Seoul National University studying with Jong-sook Lee. She studied at the Salzburg Mozarteum for the Master of Music with Ruggiero Ricci in 1995, at Amsterdam Conservatory for the professional Performance certificate with Victor Liberman in 1998 and at Rutgers University for the Doctor of Musical Arts with Arnold Steinhardt in 2002.

Chugye University for the Arts
Chugye University for the Arts (Korean: 추계예술대학교) is a South Korean institute of higher education in the music and fine arts. The campus is in Seodaemun District in central Seoul, the country's capital.
Solar eclipse of August 20, 1906
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Sunday, August 19 and Monday, August 20, 1906, with a magnitude of 0.3147. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northern Russia, Alaska, Western Canada, and the Pacific Northwest.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Tržišče, Sevnica
Tržišče (pronounced [təɾˈʒiːʃtʃɛ]; German: Terschische) is a settlement along the road linking Mokronog and Sevnica in the Lower Carniola region in east-central Slovenia. It is part of the Municipality of Sevnica, which is included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. St. George's Hill (Slovene: Šentjurjev hrib; 366 metres or 1,201 feet) lies to the northwest of the village. The rail line from Sevnica to Trebnje runs through the settlement and has a station there. The settlement includes the hamlets of Mostec and Sveta Trojica (German: Heiligendreifaltigkeit).

Municipality of Sevnica
The Municipality of Sevnica (Slovene: Občina Sevnica) is a municipality along the Sava and the Mirna Rivers in southeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Sevnica. Today it is part of the Lower Sava Statistical Region. It is the 12th-largest municipality by area in Slovenia.
SEQ-400
SEQ-400 is a vaccine against urinary tract infections (UTIs) which is under development for potential medical use. It is a vaccine against the Escherichia coli FimH adhesin protein, which is essential for bacterial infection. The vaccine is being developed by Sequoia Sciences. As of September 2023, it is in phase 2 clinical trials. SEQ-400 is being developed for potential approval and use in the United States.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Virtual world language learning
Virtual worlds are playing an increasingly important role in education, especially in language learning. By March 2007 it was estimated that over 200 universities or academic institutions were involved in Second Life (Cooke-Plagwitz, p. 548). Joe Miller, Linden Lab Vice President of Platform and Technology Development, claimed in 2009 that "Language learning is the most common education-based activity in Second Life". Many mainstream language institutes and private language schools are now using 3D virtual environments to support language learning.

Virtual environment
A virtual environment is a networked application that allows a user to interact with both the computing environment and the work of other users. Email, chat, and web-based document sharing applications are all examples of virtual environments.  Simply put, it is a networked common operating space.  Once the fidelity of the virtual environment is such that it "creates a psychological state in which the individual perceives himself or herself as existing within the virtual environment" (Blascovich, 2002, p. 129) then the virtual environment (VE) has progressed into the realm of immersive virtual environments (IVEs).
Field arithmetic
In mathematics, field arithmetic is a subject that studies the interrelations between arithmetic properties of a field and its absolute Galois group.
It is an interdisciplinary subject as it uses tools from algebraic number theory, arithmetic geometry, algebraic geometry, model theory, the theory of finite groups and of profinite groups.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Ferdinand Plitzner
Ferdinand Plitzner (1678—1724) was a German cabinet maker, remembered for his elaborate furniture with Boulle marquetry, and the Spiegelkabinett, a mirrored porcelain room that he created in 1719 at Schloss Weissenstein for Lothar Franz von Schönborn.

Lothar Franz von Schönborn
Lothar Franz von Schönborn-Buchheim (4 October 1655 – 30 January 1729) was the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz from 1694 to 1729 and the Bishop of Bamberg from 1693 to 1729. As Archbishop of Mainz, he was also Archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire. Lothar Franz von Schönborn is known for commissioning a number of Baroque buildings, such as the palace Schloss Weissenstein.
Port operations service
Port operations service (short: POS; also: port operations radiocommunication service') is – according to Article 1.30 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as «A maritime mobile service in or near a port, between coast stations and ship stations, or between ship stations, in which messages are restricted to those relating to the operational handling, the movement and the safety of ships and, in emergency, to the safety of persons. Messages which are of a public correspondence nature shall be excluded from this service.»

See also

Main articles: Radio station and Radiocommunication service

ITU Radio Regulations
The ITU Radio Regulations (RR) is a basic document of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that regulates on law of nations scale radiocommunication services and the utilisation of radio frequencies. It is the supplementation to the ITU Constitution and Convention and in line with the ITU International Telecommunication Regulations (ITR). The ITU RR comprise and regulate the part of the allocated electromagnetic spectrum (also: radio frequency spectrum) from 9 kHz to 300 GHz.
Pargasite
Pargasite or pargasitic hornblende is a complex inosilicate mineral of the amphibole group with formula NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2.

It was first described for an occurrence in Pargas, Finland in 1814 and named for the locality.

It occurs in high temperature regional metamorphic rocks and in the skarns within contact aureoles around igneous intrusions. It also occurs in andesite volcanic rocks and altered ultramafic rocks.

Pargasite is the main water-storage site in the uppermost mantle; however, it becomes unstable at depths greater than 90 km (56 mi). This has significant consequences for the water storage capacity, and the solidus temperature of the lherzolite of the upper mantle.

It is used as a gemstone.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
1996 US Open – Women's doubles
Defending champions Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 1–6, 6–1, 6–4 to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1996 US Open. It was Fernández' fifth US Open, 15th major and 66th overall title for Fernández, and Zvereva's fourth US Open, 15th major and 60th overall title.

Jana Novotná
Jana Novotná (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjana ˈnovotnaː]; 2 October 1968 – 19 November 2017) was a Czech professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 2 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) in 1997, and as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 67 weeks. Novotná won the women's singles title at Wimbledon in 1998, and was runner-up in three other singles majors. She also won twelve major women's doubles titles (completing a double career Grand Slam), four major mixed doubles titles, and three Olympic medals. Novotná played a serve and volley game, an increasingly rare style of play among women during her career.
2009 Zagreb local elections
On 17 May 2009, local elections were held in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. The incumbent mayor was Milan Bandić (elected in 2005), a representative of the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), also the leading party in the previous city council. Bandić was reelected mayor in the second round of the elections with 61.84% of the votes.

Local election
In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as municipal elections. Their form and conduct vary widely across jurisdictions.
3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase
In enzymology, 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.277) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are epipregnanolone and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are 5β-dihydroprogesterone, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-oxidoreductase, and 3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-progesterone oxidoreductase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Mona Mitchell
Dame Mona Ann Mitchell, DCVO (20 February 1938 – 17 December 2002) was a British courtier.

Born on 20 February 1938, she was the daughter of Major General Francis Neville Mitchell; her mother Ann Livingstone-Learmouth married, when widowed, Brigadier Richard Headlam Keenlyside.

Mitchell was secretary firstly to the jockey and racehorse trainer Fulke Walwyn, and then to the fashion designer Hardy Amies until she joined the Royal Household in 1968 as secretary to Princess Alexandra; she then served as her Private Secretary from 1974 until 1991.

For her service, she was appointed a Member (fourth class) of the Royal Victorian Order in 1976, a Commander in the 1985 New Year Honours, and finally a Dame Commander in the 1992 New Year Honours. She died on 17 December 2002.

Princess Alexandra (born 1936)
Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel; born 25 December 1936), is a member of the British royal family. She is the only daughter of Prince George, Duke of Kent, and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, the only living granddaughter of George V, a niece of Edward VIII and George VI, and a first cousin of Elizabeth II. Alexandra's mother was also a first cousin of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Elizabeth II, making her both a second cousin and first cousin once removed of Charles III.

Alexandra was married to the businessman Sir Angus Ogilvy from 1963 until his death in 2004. At the time of her birth, she was sixth in the line of succession to the British throne; as of 2026, she is 58th.
Hugo Girard
Hugo Girard (born December 20, 1971) is a Canadian former strongman. He is a Strongman Super Series world Champion, a four-time World Muscle Power champion and a six-time Canada's Strongest Man. With 15 international competition wins, he's the tenth most decorated strongman in history.

Gatineau
Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-in-oh; French: [ɡatino] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041. Gatineau is also part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area with a population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth largest in Canada.

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.

It is also the most bilingual (French-English) city in Canada.