hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Nevel
The Battle of Nevel was fought during the Livonian War between the Kingdom of Poland and the Tsardom of Russia on August 19, 1562.

After Russian forces took Nevel, Polish forces undertook a pillaging raid into the new Russian-held territory. A bigger Russian detachment led by Andrey Kurbsky could not defeat the retreating Polish detachment under the command of Stanisław Leśniowolski.

Modern Polish researches estimating the number of Russians as 25,000. According to the Russian military historian Alexander Filyushkin, this is practically a half of the overall Russian military forces of Ivan the Terrible. He also considers that the battle was massively exaggerated for political reasons in the Polish-Lithuanian chronicles. The Russian losses caused by a 1,500 men strong Lithuanian force grew to over 8,000 while the overall strength of the Russian army was described as 40,000 people.

Andrey Kurbsky
Prince Andrey Mikhailovich Kurbsky (1528?–1583) was a Russian political figure, military leader, and political philosopher, known as an intimate friend and then a leading political opponent of the Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible (r. 1533–1584). He defected to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania around 1564, in the midst of the Livonian War.

Kurbsky purported correspondence with tsar Ivan provides a unique source for the history of 16th-century Russia, although the attribution to Kurbsky of these letters and other works has been debated in scholarly circles since 1971.
Janice Wainwright
Janice Wainwright (born 11 June 1947) is a British former squash and tennis player. She originally competed under her maiden name Janice Townsend, but changed her surname after marrying Mark Wainwright in 1971.

Wainwright, as tennis player, made the singles second round at Wimbledon once in 1968 and won the 1971 All England Plate. She was also an international representative in squash and regularly competed at the British Open.

British Open Squash Championships
The British Open Squash Championships is the oldest 'open' tournament in the game of squash (open to both professional and amateur players). It is widely considered to be one of the two most prestigious tournaments in the game, alongside the World Squash Championships.

Until the establishment of the World Squash Championships (which was originally called the World Open) in 1976, the British Open was considered to be the de facto world championship of the sport.

The British Open Squash Championships are often referred to as the "Wimbledon of Squash".
Murder! (video game)
Murder! is a 1990 video game published by U.S. Gold for the Amiga, Atari ST, and DOS. A Commodore 64 version was finished and reviewed in 1990 but was never released. It is considered one of the last major lost games on the Commodore 64.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
2025 Makarska Open – Doubles
Jesika Malečková and Miriam Škoch won the doubles title at the 2025 Makarska Open, defeating Oksana Kalashnikova and Elena Pridankina in the final, 2–6, 6–3, [10–4].

Sabrina Santamaria and Iryna Shymanovich were the reigning champions, but Santamaria chose not to compete this year and Shymanovich chose to compete in Bari instead.

Jesika Malečková
Jesika Malečková (born 16 August 1994) is a Czech tennis player.

Malečková has won 11 singles and 24 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 20 June 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 191. On 14 July 2025, she peaked at No. 89 in the doubles rankings.

In April 2016, Malečková made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2016 Katowice Open where she received entry as a lucky loser. In qualifying, she had defeated Mandy Minella and Renata Voráčová, falling short in the final round to Isabella Shinikova. In the main draw, she lost to seventh seed Tímea Babos in round one.
Courtyard Speech
The Courtyard Speech (Swedish: Borggårdstalet) was a speech written by conservative explorer Sven Hedin and Swedish Army lieutenant Carl Bennedich, delivered by King Gustaf V of Sweden to the participants of the Peasant armament support march (Swedish: Bondetåget) at the courtyard of the Royal Palace in Stockholm.

The speech sparked the Courtyard Crisis in Swedish government in February 1914.

Karl Staaff
Karl Albert Staaff (21 January 1860 – 4 October 1915) was a Swedish liberal politician and lawyer who served as the Prime Minister of Sweden from 1905 to 1906 and again from 1911 to 1914. He was chairman of the Liberal Coalition Party from 1907 to 1915. He was Sweden's first liberal prime minister, as well as its last prime minister whose governance was ended by a lack of monarchical support.
Toria Union
Toria Union (Bengali: তোড়িয়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Atwari Upazila, Panchagarh District, Rangpur Division, Bangladesh. The union has an area of 48.43 square kilometres (18.70 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 23,673. There are 11 villages and 9 mouzas in the union.

Rangpur Division
Rangpur Division (/rʌŋˈpʊər/; Bengali: রংপুর বিভাগ, romanized: Rongpur Bivag;
pronounced [rɔŋpuɾ bibʱag] ⓘ) is a first-level administrative division of Bangladesh. It covers the northernmost part of the country with a population of about 18 million inhabitants within an area of 16,184.99 km2 (6,249.06 sq mi). Rangpur Division shares borders with the Rajshahi and Mymensingh divisions. It is also bordered by the Indian states of West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya and separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor, and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim. Rangpur City is the administrative headquarter and the largest city. Rangpur Division includes the Teesta and Jamuna rivers.

The Rangpur division consists of eight districts. There are 58 upazilas or subdistricts under these eight districts. The major cities of Rangpur Division are Rangpur, Dinajpur, and Saidpur.
Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.

United States Code
The United States Code, formally The Code of Laws of the United States of America, is the official codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 53 titles organized into numbered sections.

The U.S. Code is published by the U.S. House of Representatives' Office of the Law Revision Counsel. New editions are published every six years, with cumulative supplements issued each year. The official version of these laws appears in the United States Statutes at Large, a chronological, uncodified compilation.
Mao Sasagawa
Mao Sasagawa (Japanese: 笹川真生, Hepburn: Sasagawa Mao) is a Japanese singer-songwriter and Vocaloid producer. He started his career releasing Vocaloid music on Nico Nico Douga under the name Tofuya (豆腐屋; lit. 'Tofu shop') at 17 years old. He switched to the name Nagisa (なぎさ) the following year. In 2017, he started releasing music under his real name (in romanization), mao sasagawa and released his first album, Graduation in 2018. Later that year, he started releasing music with his own voice, under his real name (in Kanji) and released his first major album, New Body (あたらしいからだ) in 2019. Since then, he has released two more albums, Welcome to Sunnyside (サニーサイドへようこそ) in 2023 and Strange Pop in 2025.

Alongside his own activities, he also frequently works on music for other artists, most prominently, Rim from Kamitsubaki Studio.

Niconico
Niconico, Inc. (Japanese: ニコニコ, Hepburn: Nikoniko), known before 2012 as Nico Nico Douga (ニコニコ動画, Niko Niko Dōga), is a Japanese video sharing service based in Tokyo, Japan. "Niconico" or "nikoniko" is the Japanese ideophone for smiling. As of 2021, Niconico is the 34th most-visited website in Japan, according to Alexa Internet.

The site won the Japanese Good Design Award in 2007, and an Honorary Mention of the Digital Communities category at Prix Ars Electronica 2008. Between June 8, 2024 and August 5, 2024, its servers were affected by a cyberattack and the website was partially active.
Block 185
Block 185, also known as Sail Tower, is an office skyscraper located at 601 W. 2nd St. in Downtown Austin, Texas. The tower topped out in July 2021. The tower is the fourth tallest in Austin at 594 feet, and the tallest office tower in Texas outside of Houston or Dallas. Block 185 is bound to the west by Shoal Creek, to the east by Nueces Street, to the north by Second Street and to the south by Cesar Chavez Street. The tower is located on the final parcel of the former Green Water Treatment Plant and in Austin's Second Street District.

Green Water Treatment Plant
The Thomas C. Green Water Treatment Plant was Austin Water Utility's first water treatment plant, and the first to open in Austin, Texas. It closed in 2008 and was redeveloped into multiple skyscrapers by Trammel Crow Company.
Sippy Grewal
Sippy Grewal is an Indian film producer and distributor, best known for his work in the Punjabi film industry. He is the founder of Sippy Grewal Productions, a production company under which he has produced several successful films. Grewal is widely recognized for producing the hit film Carry On Jatta, which revolutionized Punjabi cinema and became one of the most successful films in the industry.

Best of Luck (2013 film)
Best of Luck is a Punjabi film starring Gippy Grewal, Jazzy B (in his acting debut), Binnu Dhillon, Simran Kaur Mundi (Miss India Universe 2008) and Sonam Bajwa.

Music for the film was composed by Jatinder Shah. Shooting of the film started in May 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and the second schedule was completed in Jalandhar, Punjab in September 2012.
Crab cavity
Crab cavities are a form of electromagnetic cavity used in particle accelerators to provide a transverse deflection to particle bunches. They can be used to provide rotation to a charged particle bunch by applying a time varying magnetic field. This rotation of the bunch can be used as a diagnostic tool to measure the length of a bunch (the longitudinal dimension is projected into the transverse plane, and imaged) or as a means of increasing the luminosity at an interaction point of a collider if the colliding beams cross each other at an angle (then called crab crossing). The KEKB accelerator introduced this technology in its last upgrade.

Interaction point
In particle physics, an interaction point (IP) is the place where particles collide in an accelerator experiment. The nominal interaction point is the design position, which may differ from the real or physics interaction point, where the particles actually collide. A related, but distinct, concept is the primary vertex: the reconstructed location of an individual particle collision.

For fixed target experiments, the interaction point is the point where beam and target interact. For colliders, it is the place where the beams interact.
Experiments (detectors) at particle accelerators are built around the nominal interaction points of the accelerators. The whole region around the interaction point (the experimental hall) is called an interaction region.
Particle colliders such as LEP, HERA, RHIC, Tevatron and LHC can host several interaction regions and therefore several experiments taking advantage of the same beam.
Golden Harvest (film)
Golden Harvest is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Ralph Murphy and written by Nina Wilcox Putnam and Casey Robinson. The film stars Richard Arlen, Chester Morris, Genevieve Tobin, Roscoe Ates, Julie Haydon, Elizabeth Patterson and Berton Churchill. The film was released on September 22, 1933, by Paramount Pictures.

Ralph Murphy (director)
Ralph Murphy (May 1, 1895 – February 10, 1967) was an American film and television director. Born in Rockville, Connecticut, Murphy was active in films from 1931 through 1962, with some work in television. From 1941 to 1944 he was married to Gloria Dickson, whom he directed in I Want a Divorce.

Television programs that Murphy directed included Mr. and Mrs. North.

Murphy was born in Rockville, Connecticut, and died in Los Angeles, California.
The Tortoise and the Hare (film)
The Tortoise and the Hare is an American animated short film from the Silly Symphonies series, released on January 5, 1935, by United Artists, produced by Walt Disney and directed by Wilfred Jackson. Based on an Aesop's fable of the same name, it won the 1934 Oscar for Best Short Subject: Cartoons. This cartoon is also believed to be one of the inspirations for Bugs Bunny by Warner Bros., who first appeared in 1940.

The Tortoise and the Hare
"The Tortoise and the Hare" is one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 226 in the Perry Index. The account of a race between unequal partners has attracted conflicting interpretations. The fable itself is a variant of a common folktale theme in which ingenuity and trickery (rather than doggedness) are employed to overcome a stronger opponent.
Guillermo Fischer
Guillermo José Fischer (born 18 July 1996) is an Argentine handball player who plays for SD Teucro and the Argentine national team.

He represented Argentina at the 2019 World Men's Handball Championship.

2019 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2019 IHF World Men's Handball Championship was the 26th event hosted by the International Handball Federation and held in Denmark and Germany from 10 to 27 January 2019. It was the first IHF World Men's Handball Championship to include more than one host country. It was also the first time a unified Korean team participated.

Denmark, in a clean sweep, won their first title by defeating Norway 31–22 in the final. This was Norway's second final in a row and the first final since 1995 between two nations who had not won before. France captured the bronze medal after a 26–25 win over Germany.

The tournament set a new spectator record with 906,283, helped by the fact that there were two home teams. Biggest number of spectator at single events was 19,250 at Germany's matches in the main round.
Dushman Devta
Dushman Devta  is a 1991 Bollywood action drama film directed by Anil Ganguly, starring Dharmendra, Dimple Kapadia, Aditya Pancholi, Sonam in lead role. The music director of the movie was Bappi Lahiri.

Anil Ganguly
Anil Ganguly (26 January 1933 – 15 January 2016) was an Indian film director and screenwriter, who worked in Hindi cinema from 1970s to 2001. He is best known for Jaya Bhaduri starrer, Kora Kagaz (1974) and the Raakhee starrer Tapasya (1975), both of which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. He is also known for his films with Raakhee like Trishna, Aanchal, Saaheb (1985). In 1990, Raakhee and Tapas Paul featured in his Bengali film Balidan which became a massive financial grosser.
Ahmadabad, Hashtrud
Ahmadabad (Persian: احمداباد, also Romanized as Aḩmadābād) is a village in Charuymaq-e Shomalesharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Hashtrud County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 93, in 19 families.

Charuymaq-e Shomalesharqi Rural District
Charuymaq-e Shomalesharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان چاراويماق شمال شرقي) is in the Central District of Hashtrud County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nasirabad-e Sofla.
Joseph O. Butcher
Joseph Orville Butcher (September 16, 1912 – February 15, 1988) was decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps who reached the rank of major general. He spent his career mostly in Quartermaster Department of the Marine Corps beginning in the field assignments during World War II. Butcher later served as commanding general, Marine Corps Supply Center Albany and also Assistant Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps and deputy to Major General Chester R. Allen.

Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (/ləˈʒɜːrn/ lə-ZHURN or /ləˈʒuːn/ lə-ZHOON) is a 246-square-mile (640 km2) United States military training facility in Jacksonville, North Carolina. Its 14 miles (23 km) of beaches make the base a major area for amphibious assault training, and its location between two deep-water ports (Wilmington and Morehead City) allows for fast deployments. The main base is supplemented by six satellite facilities: Marine Corps Air Station New River, Camp Geiger, Stone Bay, Courthouse Bay, Camp Johnson, and the Greater Sandy Run Training Area. The Marine Corps port facility is in Beaufort, at the southern tip of Radio Island (between the NC State Port in Morehead City, and the marine science laboratories on Pivers Island in Beaufort). It is occupied only during military port operations.
Ecuador at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Ecuador competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

On 29 August 2021, the country won its first two Paralympic medals in its Paralympics history through Mendez sister Poleth Isamar Mendes Sanchez and Anaís Méndez

Poleth Isamar Mendes Sanchez won Ecuador's first Paralympic gold medal with a new world record of 14.39 in the women's F20 shot put event during the 2020 Summer Paralympics. Coincidentally, her sister Anaís Méndez also won bronze medal in the same discipline making it a rare instance of athletes coming from same family who go on to win medals in a same competition. Poleth Isamar Mendes Sanchez won Ecuador's first ever gold medal in Paralympics history while her younger sister Anaís Méndez won Ecuador's first ever bronze medal in Paralympics history. Prior to the 2020 Summer Paralympics, Ecuador had never won a Paralympic medal.

Anaís Méndez
Anaís Méndez (born 18 January 2000) is an Ecuadorian Paralympic athlete. She along with her elder sister Poleth Isamar Mendes Sanchez claimed the first medals for Ecuador in the history of the Paralympics. Both have the unique distinction of being the only siblings combination to be the first two Paralympic medalists for a country.
Takanori Aki
Takanori Aki (安藝 貴範, Aki Takanori; born 26 January 1971), also known as 'Aki-san', is the president and CEO of Good Smile Company. He was born in Sanuki, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan.

As the CEO of Good Smile Company he works to provide new content to fans of character figures and goods. He has also been involved in the production and planning of a number of anime series and films, which has led him to become one of the founding board members of the Ultra Super Pictures animation studio.

Sanuki, Kagawa
Sanuki (さぬき市, Sanuki-shi) is a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2022, the city had an estimated population of 46,016 in 20847 households and a population density of  and a population density of 290 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 158.63 square kilometres (61.25 sq mi).
Jakob Homin
Jakob Homin (born 27 October 1898 Senno Parish, Pskov Governorate) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of III Riigikogu. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 1 October 1928. He replaced Nikita Semjonov.

3rd Riigikogu
The 3rd Riigikogu was the third legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1926 elections (held on 15–17 May 1926). It sat between 15 June 1926 and 14 June 1929, before the next round of elections were held.
Visa requirements for crew members
Visa requirements for crew members are administrative entry restrictions imposed by countries on members of a ship or aircraft crew during transit.

These requirements for permission to enter a territory for a short duration and perform their predefined duties in the given areas are distinct from actual formal permission for an alien to enter and remain in a territory.

The validity of transit visas for crew members are usually limited to short terms such as several hours to 10 days depending on the size of the country and the circumstances. Visa policies for crew members are set by the country and apply during transit or when joining the vessel or aircraft. It is usually illegal for crew members to perform repairs or do similar work without work permits when either in port, or when travelling in territorial waters. A few countries offer a visa waiver program or do not issue a crew  visa, but allow entry for a limited time with mandatory clearance documents.

Visa Waiver Program
The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) is a program of the United States government that allows nationals of specific countries to travel to the United States for tourism, business, or while in transit for up to 90 days without having to obtain a visa. It applies to all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as to Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, which also have an additional program with waivers for more nationalities; American Samoa has a similar but separate program.

The countries selected for the VWP by the U.S. government are generally regarded as developed countries, with high-income economies and a very high Human Development Index.

Other visa waivers exist for citizens of some neighboring or associated countries and territories.
Lasher Spur
Lasher Spur (69°6′S 66°39′W﻿ / ﻿69.100°S 66.650°W﻿ / -69.100; -66.650) is a prominent mountain spur trending northwest from the Kelvin Crests, 4 nautical miles (7 km) east-northeast of the Triune Peaks, Fallières Coast, Antarctica. The spur was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947, and the U.S. Navy, 1966, and was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1958. It was named in 1977 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant William J. Lasher, U.S. Navy, an LC-130 aircraft commander in Operation Deep Freeze, 1969 and 1970.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.