hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conrad of Tuscany
Conrad (German: Konrad, Italian: Corrado) was the margrave of Tuscany from 1119/20 until 1129/31. He was a German (Teutonicus in contemporary records), appointed by the Emperor Henry V to bring Tuscany back under imperial control. During the long Investiture Controversy, the Tuscan countess Matilda of Canossa had taken the ecclesiastical side against the emperor and imperial influence in the Tuscan margraviate was at low ebb upon her death in 1115. Conrad was the second in a series of 12th-century German appointees who proved too weak to restore imperial control and whose tenures are associated with the rise of self-government in the Tuscan cities—Florence, Genoa, Lucca, Pisa and Siena.

Republic of Pisa
The Republic of Pisa (Italian: Repubblica di Pisa) was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century, centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian trade for a century, before being surpassed and superseded by the Republic of Genoa.

The republic's participation in the Crusades secured valuable commercial positions for Pisan traders, leading to increased wealth and power. Pisa was a historical rival to Genoa at sea and to Florence and Lucca on land. It lost its independence to Florence in 1406.

The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th century when it acquired traditional fame as one of the main historical maritime republics of Italy.
Totalplay
Totalplay is a Mexican telecommunication company owned by Grupo Salinas and operated by Grupo Totalplay, offers cable television, fiber optic internet and fixed telephony services in the Triple and Quadruple play market.

Triple play (telecommunications)
In telecommunications, triple play refers to the provision of broadband internet, television, and telephony over a single connection. The concept highlights the supplier convergence of multiple services with the aim of improving convenience for users and streamlining service delivery.
York College, City University of New York
York College is a public senior college in Jamaica, Queens, New York City, United States.  It is a senior college in the City University of New York (CUNY) system. Founded in 1966, York was the first senior college founded under the newly formed CUNY system, which united several previously independent public colleges into a single public university system in 1961. The college is a member-school of Thurgood Marshall College Fund. The college enrolls more than 6,000 students as of fall 2022.

Thurgood Marshall College Fund
The Thurgood Marshall College Fund (TMCF) is a non-profit organization that supports and represents nearly 300,000 students attending its 55 member-schools that include public historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), medical schools, and law schools. The organization is named after the Supreme Court's first African-American Justice, Thurgood Marshall.
Tsien Tsuen-hsuin
Tsien Tsuen-hsuin (Chinese: 錢存訓; pinyin: Qián Cúnxùn; 11 January 1910 – 9 April 2015), also known as T.H. Tsien, was a Chinese-American bibliographer, librarian, and sinologist who served as a professor of Chinese literature and library science at the University of Chicago Graduate Library School, and was curator of its East Asian Library from 1949 to 1978. He is known for studies of the history of the Chinese book, Chinese bibliography, paleography, and science and technology, especially the history of paper and printing in China, notably Paper and Printing, Volume 5 Pt 1 of British biochemist and sinologist Joseph Needham's Science and Civilisation in China. He is also known for risking his life to smuggle tens of thousands of rare books outside of Japanese-occupied China during World War II.

Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (/ˈniːdəm/; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian of science and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology, initiating publication of the multivolume Science and Civilisation in China. He called attention to what has come to be known as the Needham Question, of why and how China had ceded its leadership in science and technology to Western countries.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. In 1992, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Order of the Companions of Honour, and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles.
PS Eliza Anderson
The PS Eliza Anderson operated from 1858 to 1898 mainly on Puget Sound, the Strait of Georgia, and the Fraser River but also for short periods in Alaska. She was generally known as the Old Anderson and was considered slow and underpowered even for the time. Even so, it was said of her that "no steamboat ever went slower and made money faster." She played a role in the Underground Railroad and had a desperate last voyage to Alaska as part of the Klondike Gold Rush.

New Westminster
New Westminster (colloquially known as New West, hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓: sӽəyəməɬ) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District.

It was founded in 1858 by Richard Clement Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia, and served as such until the mainland and Vancouver Island colonies were merged to form the new Colony of British Columbia in 1866. It was the British Columbia mainland's largest city from its foundation until the first decade of the 20th century, when it was surpassed in population by Vancouver.

It is located on the banks of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.
Choraut
Choraut (Maithili: चोरौत) is a block in the Sitamarhi district of the Mithila region in the state of Bihar in India. Its administrative center is Cheraut. It is the part of Tirhut division. The sub-divisional headquarter of the Charaut block is Pupri town.

Choraut is connected with the national highway from Delhi. This block is near the Nepal border. Janakpur road crosses to Janakpur Dham. Choraut makes up the northern part of Choraut Block. Seven panchayats comprise Choraut: Choraut Uttari, Choraut Paschimi, Choraut Purvi, Bhantabari, Barri-behta, Parigama, and Yadupatti.

Pupri
Pupri (Maithili: पुपरी) is an Indian town in the Sitamarhi district of the Mithila region in Bihar. It is also known as Janakpur Road.

Pupri is a sub-divisional town as well as the headquarter of the Pupri block in the Sitamarhi district. There are 6 blocks in the region of the Pupri sub-division. Similarly in the region of the Pupri block, there are one Nagar Panchayat and 13 Gram Panchyats consisting of 45 villages.
Marynyn
Marynyn (Ukrainian: Маринин) is a village in Rivne Raion, Rivne Oblast, Ukraine, but was formerly administered within Berezne Raion. In 2001 the community had 931 residents. Postal code — 35670. In 2017, a postage stamp featuring the coat of arms of Marynyn was released by Ukrposhta.

Berezne Raion
Berezne Raion (Ukrainian: Березнівський район) was a raion in Rivne Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was the town of Berezne. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Rivne Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Rivne Oblast to four. The last estimate of the raion population was 63,716 (2020 est.).

The railway station is in Malynsk.
Dominica at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Dominica competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games held in Birmingham, England. This was Dominica's 11th appearance at the Commonwealth Games.

On 6 July 2022, a team of 11 athletes (eight men and three women) competing in three sports was named by the Dominica Commonwealth Games Association. Dennick Luke and Thea LaFond were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

Dennick Luke
Dennick Luke (born 28 January 2001) is a Dominican middle-distance runner and hurdler. He ran the national record in the 800 metres at the 2024 Olympic Games. He ran the national record in the 400 metres hurdles at the 2025 NACAC Championships.
Desmond's
Desmond's is a British television sitcom broadcast by Channel 4 from 5 January 1989 to 19 December 1994. Conceived and co-written by Trix Worrell, and produced by Charlie Hanson and Humphrey Barclay, Desmond's stars Norman Beaton as barber Desmond Ambrose, whose shop is a gathering place for an assortment of local characters. The show is set in Peckham, London, and features a predominantly black British Guyanese cast. With 71 episodes, Desmond's became Channel 4's longest running sitcom in terms of episodes.

Barber
A barber is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave hair or beards. A barber's place of work is known as a barbershop or the barber's. Barbershops have been noted places of social interaction and public discourse since at least classical antiquity. In some instances, barbershops were also public forums. They were the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues.

In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards in Anglophonic cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair.
American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct
The American Bar Association's Model Rules of Professional Conduct (MRPC) are a set of rules and commentaries on the ethical and professional responsibilities of members of the legal profession in the United States. Although the MRPC generally is not binding law in and of itself, it is intended to be a model for state regulators of the legal profession (such as bar associations) to adopt, while leaving room for state-specific adaptations. All fifty states and the District of Columbia have adopted legal ethics rules based at least in part on the MRPC.

In almost all U.S. jurisdictions, prospective attorneys seeking admission to a state bar are typically required to demonstrate knowledge of the MRPC by achieving a sufficiently high score on the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination.

Legal profession
Legal profession is a profession in which legal professionals study, develop and apply law. Usually, there is a requirement for someone choosing a career in law to first pass a bar examination after obtaining a law degree or some other form of legal education such as an apprenticeship in a law office.

It is difficult to generalize about the structure of the profession, because

there are two major legal systems, and even within them, there are different arrangements in jurisdictions, and

terminology varies greatly.

While in civil law countries there are usually distinct clearly defined career paths in law, such as judge, in common law jurisdictions there tends to be one legal profession, and it is not uncommon, for instance, that a requirement for a judge is several years of practising law privately.
Arthur S. Lall
Arthur Samuel Lall (1911 – 13 September 1998) was an Indian diplomat, writer, and anti-nuclear activist who served as a consul general of India and the 4th permanent representative of India to the United Nations from September 1954 to December 1958. He also represented the country at the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament in 1962.

Best known for his role to involve the newly independent India in the International affairs, he also wrote several books on politics such as The UN and the Middle East crisis, 1967 and The Emergence of Modern India besides writing novels and poems.

Indian Independence Act 1947
The Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 30) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan. The act received Royal Assent on 18 July 1947 and thus modern-day India and Pakistan, comprising west (modern day Pakistan) and east (modern day Bangladesh) regions, came into being on 15 August.

The legislature representatives of the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League, and the Sikh community came to an agreement with Lord Mountbatten, then Viceroy and Governor-General of India, on what has come to be known as the 3 June Plan or Mountbatten Plan.
Buccleuch, South Australia
Buccleuch is a place in South Australia situated along the Pinnaroo railway line and Mallee Highway (B12), approximately 140 km east of Adelaide.  It is part of the Coorong District Council. There is an active Lutheran Church in Buccleuch.

Pinnaroo railway line, South Australia
The Pinnaroo railway line is a closed, but as of 2024 intact, railway line in South Australia. It branches off the Adelaide-Wolseley line at Tailem Bend and extends 145.3 kilometres (90.3 miles) to the Victorian state border, 6.0 kilometres (3.7 miles) beyond Pinnaroo.
Kahale Warring
Kahalekuiokalani Michael Wodehouse Warring (kah-HALL-ay WHERE-ing) (born March 23, 1997) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the San Diego State Aztecs and was selected by the Houston Texans in the third round of the 2019 NFL draft.

San Diego State Aztecs football
The San Diego State Aztecs football team is the college football program that represents San Diego State University (SDSU). The Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I (FBS) as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW). The team plays its home games at Snapdragon Stadium.

Beginning play in 1921, the Aztecs first went to a bowl game in 1948 and first won a major college bowl game in 1969. The Aztecs have won 21 conference championships and are 10–10 all time in post-season bowl games.

Notable alumni include Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Marshall Faulk, John Madden, and Joe Gibbs.
Vietbocap thienduongensis
Vietbocap thienduongensis (Vietnamese: Bọ cạp Thiên Đường, literally "Paradise scorpion") is a species of scorpion in the family Pseudochactidae. This species was described by Phạm Đình Sắc (Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), an organ under the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)) and Wilson Lourenço (Paris Museum of Natural History – National Museum of Natural History) inside Thiên Đường Cave, a cave located in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam.

National Museum of Natural History, France
In France, the National Museum of Natural History (French: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [myzeɔm nɑsjɔnal distwaʁ natyʁɛl]; MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a grand établissement of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries,  is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.

Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers. It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).
Singlewell Infrastructure Maintenance Depot
The Singlewell Infrastructure Maintenance Depot is a railway maintenance depot located near the Gravesend ward of Singlewell, Kent, in the United Kingdom.  The depot is located between the A2 road and High Speed 1 (Channel Tunnel Rail Link).  It lies halfway between Ebbsfleet International railway station and the Medway Viaducts, and is connected via a spur at the Singlewell freight loops.

When originally constructed in 2007, the area between the A2 and the depot formed a field, but the subsequent long-planned realignment of the A2 meant that the road now runs closer to the depot.  The depot has fuelling facilities, workshops, plant storage and offices.

Gravesend
Gravesend /ˌɡreɪvzˈɛnd/ is a town in northwest Kent, England, situated 21 miles (35 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross (central London) on the south bank of the River Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. Located in the Diocese of Rochester, it is the administrative centre of the borough of Gravesham. Gravesend marks the eastern limit of the Greater London Built-up Area, as defined by the UK Office for National Statistics. It had a population of 58,102 in 2021.

Its geographical situation has given Gravesend strategic importance throughout the maritime and communications history of South East England. A Thames Gateway commuter town, it retains strong links with the River Thames, not least through the Port of London Authority Pilot Station, and has witnessed rejuvenation since the advent of High Speed 1 rail services via Gravesend railway station. The station was recently refurbished and has a new bridge.
Lubiaszów
Lubiaszów [luˈbjaʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolbórz, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Wolbórz, 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 47 km (29 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Deborah Copenhaver Fellows
Deborah Copenhaver Fellows (born 1948) is an American sculptor known for her Western themed works.  Her best known work is the life-sized statue of former Arizona senator Barry Goldwater included in the National Statuary Hall Collection in the U.S. Capitol in Washington D.C.  It was added to the collection as one of Arizona’s two statues in 2015.

National Statuary Hall Collection
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, which was then renamed National Statuary Hall. The expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol and its visitor center.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is complete with 100 statues contributed by 50 states, plus two from the District of Columbia (see Statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection). Since Congress authorized replacements in 2000, fourteen states have replaced at least one of their original two statues. In 2022, Kansas became the first state to replace both of its statues; it has been joined by Arkansas and Nebraska.
2010–11 Russian Cup
The 2010–11 Russian Cup was the nineteenth season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The competition started on 14 April 2010, and ended with the final on 22 May 2011 at Shinnik Stadium in Yaroslavl, won by CSKA Moscow 2–1 over Alania Vladikavkaz. Uniquely, Alania's goal in the final was their only goal in the competition—they did not score in regulation or in extra time in any of their previous matches, winning all of those contests in penalty shootouts.

Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl (/ˌjærəˈslævəl/; Russian: Ярославль, IPA: [jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl rivers. It is part of the Golden Ring, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. The population of the city at the 2021 census was 577,279.
Nehdenitinae
Nehdenitinae is one of two subfamilies of the Cheiloceratidae family, a member of the Goniatitida order. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

Goniatite
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later.
Tammi Musumeci
Tammi Musumeci (born July 8, 1994) is an American submission grappler and black belt Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitor. A multiple times world champion in colored belts, Musumeci is a black belt world champion, a five-time No-Gi world champion and a two-time Pan American champion.

Grappling
Grappling is a fighting technique based on throws, trips, sweeps, clinch fighting, ground fighting and submission holds.

Grappling contests often involve takedowns and ground control, and may end when a contestant concedes defeat. Should there be no winner after the match time-limit has lapsed, competition judges will determine the winner based on who exerted more control.

Grappling most commonly does not include striking or the use of weapons. However, some fighting styles or martial arts known especially for their grappling techniques teach tactics that include strikes and weapons either alongside grappling or combined with it.
Abu Habbeh
Abu Habbeh (Arabic: ابو حبة)  is a Syrian village located in Hish Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Abu Habbeh had a population of 517 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Vern Foltz
Vernon Jay Foltz (August 27, 1918 – December 31, 1947) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Pittsburgh Steelers. Born in Clearfield, Pennsylvania, he attended St. Vincent College.

Foltz served in the United States Marines during World War II. He died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the temple on New Year's Eve 1947.

Clearfield, Pennsylvania
Clearfield is a borough and the county seat of Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 5,962 people, making it the second most populous community in Clearfield County, behind DuBois. The borough is part of the DuBois, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the larger State College-DuBois, PA Combined Statistical Area. The settled area surrounding the borough consists of the nearby census-designated places of Hyde and Plymptonville, which combined with Clearfield have a population of approximately 8,237 people.