hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palaemonidae
Palaemonidae is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Many species are carnivores that eat small invertebrates, and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. One significant genus is Macrobrachium, which contains commercially fished species. Others inhabit coral reefs, where they associate with certain invertebrates, such as sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, and echinoderms, as cleaner shrimps, parasites, or commensals. They generally feed on detritus, though some are carnivores and hunt tiny animals.

The family contains more than 1200 species in  160 genera. The genera were formerly split into two subfamilies, but in 2015, molecular and morphological research determined that the subfamily groupings were invalid. At the same time, the members of the families Gnathophyllidae and Hymenoceridae were incorporated into the Palaemonidae.

Decapod
The Decapoda or decapods (from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), meaning "ten", and πούς (poús), meaning "foot") is a large order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, and includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estimated to contain nearly 15,000 extant species in around 2,700 genera, with around 3,300 fossil species. Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (about 3,000 species) and Anomura including hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters (about 2500 species) making up the bulk of the remainder. The earliest fossils of the group date to the Devonian.
Alpha to coverage
Alpha to coverage is a multisampling computer graphics technique, that replaces alpha blending with a coverage mask. This achieves order-independent transparency for when anti-aliasing or semi-transparent textures are used. This particular technique is useful for situations where dense foliage or grass must be rendered in a video game.

Alpha to coverage is a sub-pixel version of screen-door transparency, a technique which uses a dithering pattern to simulate transparency with only fully opaque and fully transparent pixels.

Alpha to coverage multisampling is based on regular multisampling, except that the alpha coverage mask is ANDed with the multisample mask. Alpha-to-coverage converts the alpha component output from the pixel shader to a coverage mask. When the multisampling is applied each output fragment gets a transparency of 0 or 1 depending on alpha coverage and the multisampling result.

Mask (computing)
In computer science, a mask or bitmask is data that is used for bitwise operations, particularly in a bit field. Using a mask, multiple bits in a byte, nibble, word, etc. can be set either on or off, or inverted from on to off (or vice versa) in a single bitwise operation.  An additional use of masking involves predication in vector processing, where the bitmask is used to select which element operations in the vector are to be executed (mask bit is enabled) and which are not (mask bit is clear).
Fulginiae
Fulginiae or Fulginium (modern Foligno) was an ancient town of Umbria, Italy, on the later line of the Via Flaminia, c. 20 km S of Nuceria (Nocera Umbra).

It appears to have been of comparatively late origin, in as much as it had no city walls, but, in imperial times especially, owing to its position on the new line of the Via Flaminia, it must have increased in importance as being the point of departure of roads to Perusia and to Picenum over the pass of Plestia. It appears to have had an amphitheatre, and three bridges over the Topino river are attributed to the Roman period.

Five kilometers to the north lay the independent community of Forum Flaminii, the site of which is marked by the small town of San Giovanni Profiamma, at or near which the newer line of the Via Flaminia rejoined the older. It was no doubt founded by the builder of the road, Gaius Flaminius, consul in 223 BC.

Nocera dei Pagani
Nocera dei Pagani (Latin: Nuceria Paganorum), as it was known between the 16th century and 1806, was a civitas that included a large portion of the Agro nocerino-sarnese, corresponding to five contemporary municipalities: Nocera Inferiore, Nocera Superiore, Pagani, Sant'Egidio del Monte Albino and Corbara.
Rachel Beck
Rachel Beck (born November 19, 1983) is a singer-songwriter from Stratford, Prince Edward Island, Canada. She released her self-titled debut record March 2, 2018. Her lead single 'Reckless Heart' reached #1 on the CBC Music Top 20 Chart  and earned Beck a SOCAN #1 Award. In addition, her record garnered eight nominations at the 2019 Music PEI Awards and two nominations at the 2019 East Coast Music Awards. Beck was awarded the Music PEI Rising Star Recording of the Year and Pop Recording of the Year.

East Coast Music Association
The East Coast Music Association (ECMA) is a non-profit association purposed towards supporting the music industry in the Canadian east coast, i.e., Atlantic Canada. The ECMA hosts the annual East Coast Music Awards (formerly the Maritime Music Awards) festival.

The East Coast Music Awards have been a springboard for many Atlantic Canadians, including Sarah McLachlan, Ashley MacIsaac, Rawlins Cross, Lennie Gallant, Natalie MacMaster, Gordie Sampson, Joel Plaskett, The Rankin Family, Rita MacNeil, Bruce Guthro, J.P. Cormier and Great Big Sea.

Each year, the ECMA also awards one person with the Dr. Helen Creighton Lifetime Achievement Award to recognize an artist or band that has had a profound and lasting effect on the Atlantic Canadian music industry.
Latrell Mitchell
Latrell Mitchell (né Goolagong; born 16 June 1997) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback for the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the National Rugby League (NRL). He has also represented both New South Wales in the State of Origin series and Australia at international level as a centre.

Mitchell began his NRL career with the Sydney Roosters and was a member of the 2018 and 2019 NRL Grand Final championship rosters as a centre. Additionally, he has represented the Indigenous All Stars. He played on the wing early in his career and has also played five-eighth on occasion.

2024 NRL season
The 2024 NRL season was the 117th season of professional rugby league in Australia and the 27th season run by the National Rugby League (NRL). The season consisted of 27 competition rounds, followed by a finals series contested by the top eight teams on the competition ladder. The Melbourne Storm were the minor premiers, and the Penrith Panthers took their fourth premiership in a row, and sixth overall.

The season recorded the highest aggregate and average regular season crowds in first-grade rugby league history.
Linnusitamaa
Linnusitamaa (also known as Linnusita saar) is a 5.07 ha (12.5-acre) uninhabited Estonian islet in the Gulf of Riga. It is located about 300 m (980 ft) south of the island of Abruka. Administratively Linnusitamaa belongs to the village of Abruka in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County. The island is part of the Abruka Nature Reserve.

The name is a curiosity, literally meaning 'bird shit land' in Estonian. However, as the Estonian word does not have as offensive connotations as the English equivalent, it would more properly be translated as 'guano island'.

The New York Times reported that, during the 1905 Russian Revolution against Czarist Russia, Linnusitamaa, like other Baltic islands, declared itself an independent republic.

Gulf of Riga
The Gulf of Riga, also known as the Bay of Riga or the Gulf of Livonia, is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.

The island of Saaremaa (Estonia) partially separates it from the rest of the Baltic Sea. The main connection between the gulf and the Baltic Sea is the Irbe Strait.

The Gulf of Riga, as a sub-basin of the Baltic, also includes the Väinameri Sea in the West Estonian archipelago.
Haakon Ringdal
Haakon Ringdal (born 1954) is a Norwegian businessman, since 2009 CEO of Odfjell.

He worked for Jo Tankers from 1989 to 1995, in Gearbulk from 1995 to 2001 and as CFO of Odfjell from 2001. He succeeds Terje Storeng as CEO on 3 May 2009.

Chief financial officer
A chief financial officer (CFO) is an officer of a company or organization who is assigned the primary responsibility for making decisions for the company for projects and its finances; i.a.: financial planning, management of financial risks, record-keeping, and financial reporting, and, increasingly, the analysis of data.
The CFO thus has ultimate authority over the finance unit and is the chief financial spokesperson for the organization.

The CFO typically reports to the chief executive officer (CEO) and the board of directors and may additionally have a seat on the board. The CFO directly assists the chief operating officer (COO) on all business matters relating to budget management, cost–benefit analysis, forecasting needs, and securing of new funding. Some CFOs have the title CFOO for chief financial and operating officer. In most countries, finance directors (FD) typically report into the CFO, and FD is the level before reaching CFO.
Muhammad Rudi
Muhammad Rudi (born 20 October 1963) is the mayor of Batam, the largest city in the Riau Islands province after being elected in 2015 where he won 185,845 votes (60.40%) in the 2-candidate race. Previously, he had served as deputy mayor for 5 years. During his tenures in the city governance, he had been member of three political parties: National Awakening Party until 2013, Democratic Party until 2016, and currently he is a member of the NasDem Party. He was reelected for a second term in the 2020 mayoral election with 267,497 votes (73%).

2020 Indonesian local elections
Local elections (Indonesian: Pemilihan Kepala Daerah, Pilkada) were held in Indonesia on 9 December 2020. Voters elected nine governors, 224 regents, and 37 mayors across the country. All the elections were held on the same day, and over 100 million people were expected to be eligible to vote.
Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems (after Roger Penrose and Stephen Hawking) are a set of results in general relativity that attempt to answer the question of when gravitation produces singularities. The Penrose singularity theorem is a theorem in semi-Riemannian geometry and its general relativistic interpretation predicts a gravitational singularity in black hole formation. The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation. Penrose shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity".

Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
In mathematical physics, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold, also called a semi-Riemannian manifold, is a differentiable manifold with a metric tensor that is everywhere nondegenerate.  This is a generalization of a Riemannian manifold in which the requirement of positive-definiteness is relaxed.

Every tangent space of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a pseudo-Euclidean vector space.

A special case used in general relativity is a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold for modeling spacetime, where tangent vectors can be classified as timelike, null, and spacelike.
Driencourt Point
Driencourt Point (64°12′S 62°31′W﻿ / ﻿64.200°S 62.517°W﻿ / -64.200; -62.517) is a point 6 nautical miles (11 km) southeast of Claude Point on the west side of Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot after Joseph F.L. Driencourt, a French engineer who advised on the hydrographic equipment for the expedition.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot
Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).
As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Hills Road Sixth Form College
Hills Road Sixth Form College is a co-educational state sixth form college in Cambridge, England providing full-time A-level courses for approximately 2400 sixth form students from the surrounding area and a variety of courses to around 4,000 part-time students of all ages in the adult education programme, held as daytime and evening classes.

Sixth form college
A sixth form college is an educational institution, where students aged 16 to 19 study typically for advanced post-school level qualifications such as A Levels, Business and Technology Education Council level 3 (BTEC), and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations and BTEC level 2 qualifications. In many countries this type of educational institute is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the phrase 'sixth form college' as the English name for a lycée (high school).
You're Undead to Me
"You're Undead to Me" is the fifth episode of the first season of The CW television series, The Vampire Diaries and the fifth episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 8, 2009. The episode was written by Sean Reycraft and Gabrielle Stanton and directed by Kevin Bray.

Gabrielle Stanton
Gabrielle Gail Stanton (born in South Orange, New Jersey) is an American television writer and producer. She is known for her work on the ABC series Grey's Anatomy and Ugly Betty, for The CW's The Flash, and for Syfy's Stephen King adaptation series Haven.
Qayyum Changezi
Abdul Qayyum Ali Khan Changezi (Urdu: عبدالقیوم علی خان چنگیزی; 25 December 1935 – 25 June 2005), commonly known as Qayyum Changezi, was a Pakistani footballer. A versatile player, Changezi played in multiple positions, including forward in the centre or as an inside left, and as full back. A former captain and key player of the Pakistan national team in the nation's early years, Changezi is widely considered as one of the greatest Pakistani footballers of all time.

Pakistan Football Federation
The Pakistan Football Federation (PFF) is the national governing body of association football in Pakistan. It is a member of FIFA, the international governing body of football, and affiliated to the Asian Football Confederation and South Asian Football Federation. The federation was founded in 1947; it also manages the futsal and beach soccer national teams.
Maurice Mandelbaum
Maurice Mandelbaum (December 9, 1908, in Chicago – January 1, 1987, Hanover, New Hampshire) was an American philosopher and phenomenologist. He was professor of philosophy at Johns Hopkins University with stints at Dartmouth College and Swarthmore College. He held two degrees from Dartmouth and a PhD from Yale University. He was known for his work in phenomenology, epistemology, philosophy of perception (especially critical realism), and the history of ideas.

Hanover, New Hampshire
Hanover is a town located along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,870. The town is home to the Ivy League university  Dartmouth College, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, and Hanover High School. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town, connecting with a number of trails and nature preserves.

Most of the population resides in the Hanover census-designated place (CDP)—the main village of the town. Located at the junctions of New Hampshire routes 10, 10A, and 120, the Hanover CDP recorded a population of 9,078 people at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Lebanon–Claremont micropolitan area and also contains the smaller villages of Etna and Hanover Center.
Sainte-Pélagie Prison
Sainte-Pélagie was a prison in Paris, in active use from 1790 to 1899. It was founded earlier than that, however, in 1662, as place for "repentant girls" and later "debauched women and girls." The former Parisian prison was located between the current group of buildings bearing No. 56 Rue de la Clef with Rue du Puits-de-l'Ermite in the 5th arrondissement of Paris at the old Place Sainte-Pélagie.

The penal structure held many noted prisoners during the French Revolution, with Madame Roland, Grace Dalrymple Elliott and Marie-Louise O'Murphy being among the known prisoners. After the revolution, the Marquis de Sade was imprisoned here, as was the young mathematician Évariste Galois. During the July Monarchy, the "April insurgees" were also detained there, and some managed to escape through a tunnel. The painter Gustave Courbet was also imprisoned here for his activities in the Paris Commune. He painted a self-portrait titled, Gustave Courbet: Self-Portrait at Sainte-Pélagie.

Grace Elliott
Grace Dalrymple Elliott (c. 1754 – 16 May 1823) was a Scottish courtesan, writer and spy resident in Paris during the French Revolution. She was an eyewitness to events detailed in her memoirs, Journal of my life during the French Revolution (Ma Vie sous la Révolution) published posthumously in 1859. She was mistress, first to the future George IV, by whom she is said to have borne an illegitimate daughter, and then to the Duke of Orléans. Elliott trafficked correspondence and helped condemned Royalists and members of the French nobility escape from the First French Republic during the Reign of Terror. She was arrested several times but managed to avoid the guillotine, and was released following the military coup that ended the Terror and resulted in the execution of Robespierre.

In the acclaimed but widely controversial 2001 film adaptation of her memoirs by French New Wave director Éric Rohmer as The Lady and the Duke, Grace Elliot was played by English actress Lucy Russell.
Erethistoides infuscatus
Erethistoides infuscatus is a species of South Asian river catfish native to India and Bangladesh where it is found in the drainages of the Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers.  This species grows to a length of 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) SL.

Meghna River
The Meghna (Bengali: মেঘনা, romanized: Mēghnā) is one of the major rivers in Bangladesh, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest delta on earth, which fans out to the Bay of Bengal. A part of the Surma-Meghna River System, the Meghna is formed inside Bangladesh in Kishoreganj District above the town of Bhairab Bazar by the joining of the Surma and the Kushiyara, both of which originate in the hilly regions of eastern India as the Barak River. The Meghna meets its major tributary, the Padma, in Chandpur District. Other major tributaries of the Meghna include the Dhaleshwari, the Gumti, and the Feni. The Meghna empties into the Bay of Bengal in Bhola District via four principal mouths, named Tetulia (Ilsha), Shahbazpur, Hatia, and Bamni.
Azerbaijan in the Early Middle Ages
In the history of Azerbaijan, the Early Middle Ages lasted from the 3rd to the 11th century. This period in the territories of today's Azerbaijan Republic began with the incorporation of these territories into the Sasanian Persian Empire in the 3rd century AD. Feudalism took shape in Azerbaijan in the Early Middle Ages. The territories of Caucasian Albania became an arena of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire. After the Sassanid Empire was felled by the Arab Caliphate, Albania also weakened and was overthrown in 705 AD by the Abbasid Caliphate under the name of Arran. As the control of the Arab Caliphate over the Caucasus region weakened, independent states began to emerge in the territory of Azerbaijan.

Shamkir District
40°49′57″N 46°1′35″E﻿ / ﻿40.83250°N 46.02639°E﻿ / 40.83250; 46.02639

Shamkir District (Azerbaijani: Şəmkir rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north-west of the country and belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Gadabay, Tovuz, Samukh, Goygol, and Dashkasan. Its capital and largest city is Shamkir. As of 2020, the district had a population of 219,500.
Mecodema kokoromatua
Mecodema kokoromatua is a medium-bodied ground beetle endemic to Northland, New Zealand. Its range is restricted to coastal forest behind the sand dunes and below the southern areas of the Ahipara Escarpment, Herekino, Northland, New Zealand. This species is within the curvidens species group and is related to the geographically widespread M. parataiko.

Herekino
Herekino is a locality in Northland, New Zealand. It lies 26 km south west of Kaitaia. The Herekino Harbour, also called the Herekino River, is an estuary and inlet from the Tasman Sea to the west. The Herekino Forest, which contains a stand of large kauri, is to the north, and the Tauroa Peninsula lies to the north west.

The harbour is mostly above water at high tide, with just a shallow entrance channel. The upper reaches of the harbour contain a mangrove forest.
The township of Herekino is at the north east end of the estuary, and the small settlement of Owhata lies on the rocky south shore of the harbour entrance. Owhata is a flat grassy area, with a fairly shallow beach of mud and sand. There is not much natural shelter, and there is a limited supply of fresh water in summer.
Barbieria
Barbieria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It contains a single species, Barbieria pinnata, a climber native to the tropical Americas, from southern Mexico through Central America and the Caribbean to northern South America.

It belongs to the Phaseoleae tribe of subfamily Faboideae.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Krøderen Line
The Krøderen Line (Norwegian: Krøderbanen) is a heritage railway line connecting the Krøderen lake in Buskerud county, Norway, to the town of Vikersund. The 26-kilometre (16 mi) line was built as a narrow gauge branch line of the Randsfjord Line by the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) and opened in 1872. Passenger services were withdrawn in 1958, and freight traffic in 1985.

As of 2011, the Krøderen Line Foundation and the Norwegian Railway Club jointly operate steam train services on the line from May to October. In addition to the termini at Vikersund and Krøderen there are intermediate stations at Snarum, Sysle, and Kløftefoss.

Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996)
The Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner or NSB) was a state-owned railway company that operated most of the railway network in Norway. The government agency/directorate was created in 1883 to oversee the construction and operation of all state-owned railways in Norway. On 1 December 1996, it was demerged to create the infrastructure operator Norwegian National Rail Administration, the train operator Norwegian State Railways and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. The name was taken by the train operator, although the infrastructure operator remained a government agency and is the legal successor.
Eddie Purkiss
Edwin Maurice "Eddie" Purkiss (27 July 1934 – 15 January 2008) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.

Purkiss, a flanker, was born in Grafton, New South Wales, and claimed a total of 2 international rugby caps for Australia. He made the Wallabies' 1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France.

1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France
Between late 1957 and March 1958 the Australia national rugby union team – the Wallabies – conducted a world tour encompassing Britain, Ireland, France and Canada on which they played five Tests and thirty-one minor tour matches. The Wallabies won 17, lost 16 and drew three of their games in total. They lost all five Tests of the tour.