hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Cameron
Elizabeth Cameron is an American national security expert specializing in biosecurity, biodefense, and bioterrorism. She is a professor at the Pandemic Center of the Brown University School of Public Health. Previously, she served as Senior Director for Global Health Security and Biodefense on the White House National Security Council staff.

Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents include bacteria, viruses, insects, fungi, and/or their toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form, in much the same way as in biological warfare. Further, modern agribusiness is vulnerable to anti-agricultural attacks by terrorists, and such attacks can seriously damage economy as well as consumer confidence. The latter destructive activity is called agrobioterrorism and is a subtype of agro-terrorism.
Knayton with Brawith
Knayton with Brawith is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  The parish includes the village of Knayton and the hamlet of Brawith. Knayton with Brawith can be accessed from the A19. Within the village of Knayton, there are no shops. It is 4 miles north of Thirsk and Brawith Hall is approximately a mile away from Knayton. The local primary school is Knayton Church of England Primary school, which provides education for 148 children between the ages of 4 and 11 years old. The village has a village hall that is situated on the green. The hall sits 100 people and has kitchen and accessibility facilities.

In the 1870s John Marius Wilson, described Knayton with Brawith as:

"A township and a sub-district, in Thirsk district, N. R. Yorkshire. The township lies 4 miles NNE of Thirsk"

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Hambleton District
54°20′02″N 1°25′44″W﻿ / ﻿54.334°N 1.429°W﻿ / 54.334; -1.429

Hambleton was a local government district in North Yorkshire, England. The administrative centre was Northallerton, and the district included the outlying towns and villages of Bedale, Thirsk, Great Ayton, Stokesley, and Easingwold.

The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, as a merger of Northallerton Urban District, Bedale Rural District, Easingwold Rural District, Northallerton Rural District, and parts of Thirsk Rural District, Stokesley Rural District and Croft Rural District, all in the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was subsumed into the new unitary authority of North Yorkshire Council on 1 April 2023.
SMASH (hash)
SMASH is a cryptographic hash function which was created by Lars R. Knudsen.  SMASH comes in two versions: 256-bit and 512-bit. Each version was supposed to rival SHA-256 and SHA-512, respectively, however, shortly after the SMASH presentation at FSE 2005, an attack vector against SMASH was discovered which left the hash broken.

S-box
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext, thus ensuring Shannon's property of confusion. Mathematically, an S-box is a nonlinear vectorial Boolean function.

In general, an S-box takes some number of input bits, m, and transforms them into some number of output bits, n, where n is not necessarily equal to m.  An m×n S-box can be implemented as a lookup table with 2m words of n bits each. Fixed tables are normally used, as in the Data Encryption Standard (DES), but in some ciphers the tables are generated dynamically from the key (e.g. the Blowfish and the Twofish encryption algorithms).
Lorna Stewart
Lorna Kay Stewart is a retired Canadian computer scientist and discrete mathematician whose research concerns algorithms in graph theory and special classes of graphs, including cographs, permutation graphs, interval graphs, comparability graphs and their complements, well-covered graphs, and asteroidal triple-free graphs. She earned her Ph.D. in 1985 at the University of Toronto under the supervision of Derek Corneil, and is a professor emerita at the University of Alberta.

Interval graph
In graph theory, an interval graph is an undirected graph formed from a set of intervals on the real line,
with a vertex for each interval and an edge between vertices whose intervals intersect. It is the intersection graph of the intervals.

Interval graphs are chordal graphs and perfect graphs. They can be recognized in linear time, and an optimal graph coloring or maximum clique in these graphs can be found in linear time. The interval graphs include all proper interval graphs, graphs defined in the same way from a set of unit intervals.

These graphs have been used to model food webs, and to study scheduling problems in which one must select a subset of tasks to be performed at non-overlapping times. Other applications include assembling contiguous subsequences in DNA mapping, and temporal reasoning.
Zasukhin
Zasukhin (from Russian: засуха, drought) is a Russian male surname, its feminine counterpart is Zasukhina. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Zasukhin (1928–2012), Soviet Olympic boxer

Aleksei Zasukhin (1937–1996), Soviet boxer

Aleksei Zasukhin
Aleksei Fedoseyevich Zasukhin (Russian: Александр Федосеевич Засухин, 18 March 1937 – 27 May 1996) was a Soviet boxer who won a national title and a European silver medal in 1961. He retired in 1962 after finishing second in the Soviet championships. During his career Zasukhin won 150 bouts out of 170. He graduated from the Belarusian State University of Physical Training, and later worked as a boxing coach in Yekaterinburg and in Saint Petersburg. His elder brother Aleksandr was an Olympic boxer and an inspiration for Aleksei.
Kevin Carmichael
Kevin Carmichael (born 30 December 1970), is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for the South Queensland Crushers from 1995 to 1996 and then the Melbourne Storm in 2000. Carmichael was Norths Devils player of the year in 1993, 1998–99, and 2001. He was a member of the Norths 1998 Queensland Cup premiership team, scoring a try in the Grand Final win over Wests Panthers.

As of 2010, he was a coach for the Norths Devils, guiding the team to the 2010 Queensland Cup Grand Final, where they lost 30–20 to Northern Pride. In 2019, he was awarded life membership of Norths.

2010 Queensland Cup
The 2010 Queensland Cup season was the 15th season of Queensland's top-level statewide rugby league competition run by the Queensland Rugby League. The competition, known as the Intrust Super Cup due to sponsorship from Intrust Super, featured 12 teams playing a 25-week-long season (including finals) from March to September.

The Northern Pride won their first premiership after defeating the Norths Devils 30–20 in the Grand Final at Suncorp Stadium. Sunshine Coast Sea Eagles' halfback Daly Cherry-Evans was named the competition's Player of the Year, winning the Courier Mail Medal.
P. D. Mehigan
Patrick D. Mehigan (17 March 1884 – 4 December 1965) was an Irish sportsman and journalist.  Mehigan was born in Ardfield, County Cork, to Denis and Margaret (Peg, née Donovan).

He played hurling with Robert Emmets GAA and with the London senior inter-county team in the early 1900s.

Mehigan later served as the leading Gaelic games journalist from the 1920s until the 1940s.  He wrote several histories of the Gaelic Athletic Association and was correspondent for the Cork Examiner under the pseudonym Carbery. Mehigan was the correspondent for a match between Cork and Tipperary that was one of the first matches to be broadcast over radio that helped generate increased publicity for hurling as a sport. He was one of the most widely read sports correspondents of his era.

Mehigan also wrote for The Irish Times under the byline Pat O.

Ardfield
Ardfield (Irish: Ard Ó bhFicheallaigh, meaning 'height of the Feelys'), historically Ardofoyle, is a small village and civil parish on the south-west coast of County Cork, Ireland. It lies 8 kilometres south of Clonakilty and 11 kilometres east of Rosscarbery, near Galley Head. Ardfield's Roman Catholic church dates to 1832 and is within the ecclesiastical parish of Ardfield/Rathbarry.

Ardfield is home to St James' GAA Club, which fields both hurling and Gaelic football teams. Local amenities include the local Roman Catholic church, a school, a pub, Ardfield Creamery, a children's playground and two all-weather tennis courts.

The village is close to several beaches, including Red Strand and Long Strand.
Former Residence of Zhou Enlai
The Former Residence of Zhou Enlai can refer to any of the following places which Zhou Enlai, the Premier of the People's Republic of China had lived in, including the following:

Former Residence of Zhou Enlai (Huai'an)

Former Residence of Zhou Enlai (Shanghai)

Former Residence of Zhou Enlai (Huai'an)
33°30′24″N 119°08′34″E﻿ / ﻿33.5067274°N 119.1429046°E﻿ / 33.5067274; 119.1429046

The Former Residence of Premier Zhou Enlai was the childhood home of Zhou Enlai, the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, located in Huai'an, China.
A1 motorway (Tunisia)
Tunisia's A1 or A-1 motorway is a 659 km road connecting Tunis and Ben Guerdane. In the map shown, the A-1 is in red. The highway was built from Tunis at the north end toward the south and is continuing to be extended to finally reach the Tunisian Libyan border.

The A-1 is conceived of as part of an international project, sometimes called the Trans-Maghreb or Trans-North Africa Highway or Trans-African Highway 1 that is planned to reach from Cairo to Dakar.

There are three lanes each way from Tunis to Hammamet then two lanes each way from Hammamet to Sfax. It is a toll road part of the way.  Road signs are in Arabic and French. The speed limit on Tunisian highways is 110 km/h.

Hergla
Hergla (Arabic: هرقلة) is a small cliff-top town in north-eastern Tunisia at the Gulf of Hammamet. White houses of Hergla with often blue window and door surroundings are built in the classic style characteristic for Tunisia. Sousse is about 24 km south-east of Hergla. There is a lagoon between Hergla and its neighbour town Chott Meryem in the south-east called Halk el menzel (sickle lake).
Yaqub Sarruf
Yaqub Sarruf (Arabic: يعقوب صروف, 1852–1927) was a pioneering Lebanese writer, publisher, and translator. Sarruf  was born in Al-Hadath, Lebanon. His father sent him to the American School in Abey, then to the Syrian Protestant College where he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in 1870. He later obtained a PhD from Cambridge. After his graduation he assumed the presidency of the American Schools in Sidon and Tripoli. In 1876, he founded the monthly popular science magazine Al-Muqtataf with Faris Nimr in Beirut. He moved to Cairo in late 1884 where he continued publishing the magazine until his death in 1927.  Sarruf and Nimr were nominated for two of SPC's first honorary degrees in 1890, but they declined to attend the ceremony.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Mid-Anglia Radio
Mid-Anglia Radio PLC, was a company that owned radio stations in the Norfolk and Cambridgeshire regions of the UK.

The stations they owned were:

Hereward Radio, in Peterborough (and, briefly, in Northampton as well).

Worlds Greatest Music Station (or WGMS 1332) – in Peterborough.

CN-FM 103, in Cambridge.

KL.FM 96.7, in Kings Lynn, Norfolk, sold to Bauer Media.

King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 36 miles (58 km) north-east of Peterborough, 44 miles (71 km) north-north-east of Cambridge, 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich, and about 5 miles (8 km) inland from The Wash estuary.
Ruth M. Addoms
Ruth Margery Addoms (May 23, 1896 – August 29, 1951) was an American botanist at Duke University specializing in the study of plant anatomy and plant physiology. She contributed to the study of growth-promoting substances in plants.

Plant anatomy
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants. Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure. Plant anatomy is now frequently investigated at the cellular level, and often involves the sectioning of tissues and microscopy.
Tell Me a Riddle
Tell Me a Riddle is a collection of short fiction by Tillie Olsen first published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1961.

The volume is composed of three short stories and a novella, the title piece "Tell Me a Riddle". "Tell Me a Riddle" was awarded the O. Henry Award in 1961 for best American short story.

The works in the collection continue to be the most highly acclaimed of Olsen's literary oeuvre.

Gale (publisher)
Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, United States, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.

The company, formerly known as Gale Research and the Gale Group, is active in research and educational publishing for public, academic, and school libraries, and for businesses. The company is known for its full-text magazine and newspaper databases, Gale OneFile (formerly known as Infotrac), and other online databases subscribed by libraries, as well as multi-volume reference works, especially in the areas of religion, history, and social science.

Founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954 by Frederick Gale Ruffner Jr., the company was acquired by the International Thomson Organization (later the Thomson Corporation) in 1985 before its 2007 sale to Cengage.
Grenaa Line
The Grenaa Line (Danish: Grenaabanen) is a 68.9 km (42.8 mi) long standard gauge single track railway line in Denmark which runs between Aarhus and Grenaa through the peninsula of Djursland. The railway opened in 1876–1877. It is owned and maintained by Rail Net Denmark and served with passenger trains by the Danish State Railways (DSB). It now functions as a commuter rail service in the Aarhus area and carries 1 million passengers annually.

Single-track railway
A single-track railway is a railway where trains traveling in both directions share the same track. Single track is usually found on lesser-used rail lines, often branch lines, where the level of traffic is not high enough to justify the cost of constructing and maintaining a second track.
SS Yongala
SS Yongala was a passenger steamship that was built in England in 1903 for the Adelaide Steamship Company. She sank in a cyclone off the coast of Queensland on 23 March 1911, with the loss of all 122 passengers and crew aboard.

Her wreck off Cape Bowling Green was found in 1958. It is now a popular wreck diving site, protected by the Commonwealth Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018.

Yongala was the sister ship of Grantala, which in 1914 became Australia's only hospital ship in the First World War.

Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018
The Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018 is an Australian Act of Parliament designed "to protect shipwrecks, sunken aircraft and their associated artefacts, that occurred 75 or more years ago, regardless of whether their location is known". Other underwater heritage items, and more recent shipwrecks or aircraft, may be protected through a declaration under the Underwater Heritage Act, and some sites also have a protected zone around them. The federal government works in collaboration with State and Territory Government agencies to protect and conserve Australia's underwater heritage.
Regional parks of New Zealand
Regional parks of New Zealand are protected areas administered by regional councils, the top tier of local government. Regional parks are found across several regions of New Zealand: the Auckland Region, Waikato Region, Bay of Plenty Region, Hawkes Bay Region, Wellington Region and Canterbury Region. Regional parks in the Auckland and Waikato regions are administered by the Auckland Council, while parks in other areas are administered by regional councils: the Bay of Plenty Regional Council, Hawke's Bay Regional Council, Greater Wellington Regional Council, and Canterbury Regional Council.

Environment Canterbury
Environment Canterbury, frequently abbreviated to ECan, is the promotional name for the Canterbury Regional Council. It is the regional council for Canterbury, the largest region in the South Island of New Zealand. It is part of New Zealand's structure of local government.
Sisu E13TP
Sisu E13TP is a military terrain truck produced by the Finnish heavy vehicle producer Sisu Defence. The vehicle was introduced in 2005 and the first vehicles were delivered in 2007. E13TP is available in layouts 6×6 and 8×8. The stronger variant E15TP is with 10×10 layout.

The primary military applications are hook loader, radar carrier, missile vehicle, recovery vehicle and bridging vehicle. Some civil applications are produced for oil fields and rescue purposes in particular.

Military engineering vehicle
A military engineering vehicle is a vehicle built for construction work or for the transportation of combat engineers on the battlefield. These vehicles may be modified civilian equipment (such as the armoured bulldozers that many nations field) or purpose-built military vehicles (such as the AVRE). The first appearance of such vehicles coincided with the appearance of the first tanks, these vehicles were modified Mark V tanks for bridging and mine clearance. Modern military engineering vehicles are expected to fulfill numerous roles such as; bulldozer, crane, grader, excavator, dump truck, breaching vehicle, bridging vehicle, military ferry, amphibious crossing vehicle, and combat engineer section carrier.
Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria
The Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria was celebrated on 20 and 21 June 1887 to mark the 50th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession on 20 June 1837. It was celebrated with a Thanksgiving Service at Westminster Abbey, and a banquet to which 50 European kings and princes were invited.

National service of thanksgiving
A national service of thanksgiving in the United Kingdom is an act of Christian worship, generally attended by the British monarch, Great Officers of State and Ministers of the Crown, which celebrates an event of national importance.  Originally it started with the intention to give thanks for victory in battle.  However it evolved to celebrate occasions such as a royal jubilee, a royal wedding anniversary, or the end of a conflict. These services are usually held at St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London.
2011 Mosconi Cup
The 2011 Mosconi Cup, the 18th edition of the annual nine-ball pool competition between teams representing Europe and the United States, took place 8–11 December 2011 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Team Europe won the Mosconi Cup by defeating Team USA 11–7.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
Mohammed Hussein Al Amoudi
Mohammed Hussein Ali Al Amoudi (Arabic: محمد حسين علي العمودي; born 21 July 1946) is an Ethiopian-born Saudi billionaire businessman.

Born in Ethiopia to a Yemeni father from Hadhramaut and a mother from Wollo Province, he migrated to Saudi Arabia with his brother Mauricet and became a Saudi citizen.

In 2026, his net worth was estimated by Bloomberg Billionaires Index at approximately US$9.3 billion. He was also listed as Ethiopia's richest man, the second richest Saudi Arabian citizen in the world. Al Amoudi made his fortune in construction and real estate before branching out to buy oil refineries in Sweden and Morocco. He is the largest individual foreign investor in Ethiopia and a major investor in Sweden.

Saudis
Saudis (Arabic: سعوديُّون, romanized: suʿūdiyyūn; local dialects: سعوديين, suʿūdiyyīn) or Saudi Arabians are the citizen population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who speak the Arabic language, a Central Semitic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture. They are mainly composed of Arabs and live in the five historical Regions: Najd, Hejaz, Asir, Tihamah and Al-Ahsa; the regions which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded on or what was formerly known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudis speak one of the dialects of Peninsular Arabic, including the Hejazi, Najdi, Gulf and Southern dialects (e.g. Bareqi), or South Arabian languages (e.g. Faifi) as a mother tongue.
Union councils of Narayanganj District
Union councils of Narayanganj District (Bengali: নারায়ণগঞ্জ জেলার ইউনিয়ন পরিষদসমূহ) are the smallest rural administrative and local government units in Narayanganj District of Bangladesh. The district consists of 5 municipalities, 5 upazilas, 7 thana, 39 union porishods, mouza 757 and 1374 villages.

Mahallah
A mahalla (Arabic: مَحَلَّة, romanized: maḥalla, also transliterated as mahallah, etc.) is an Arabic word that comes from the root ḥ-l-l (ح ل ل), and originally denoted a place where one makes a halt. It has been variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, West and Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. In the Maghreb, it referred to a military formation or campaign for tax collection in the service of the sultan and his makhzen.