hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Virginia–Rainy Lake Lumber Company Office
The Virginia–Rainy Lake Lumber Company Office is a former office building in Virginia, Minnesota, United States.  It was built around 1907 as the headquarters for the Virginia–Rainy Lake Lumber Company, the largest lumber company in the Upper Midwest in the early 20th century.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its state-level significance in the theme of industry.  It was nominated for representing one of the Iron Range's few major industries aside from mining.

As of 2018 the building functions as Merritt House, an intensive residential treatment center operated by the Range Mental Health Center.  The nearby Virginia–Rainy Lake Lumber Company Manager's Residence is also on the National Register of Historic Places.
As of 2022 the building functions as Wellstone Crisis Center

Virginia, Minnesota
Virginia is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. With an economy heavily reliant on large-scale iron ore mining, Virginia is considered the Mesabi Iron Range's commercial center. The population was 8,421 at the 2020 census. Virginia is a part of the Duluth metropolitan area, and U.S. Highway 53 runs through town.
Charleston Tea Garden
The Charleston Tea Garden is located about twenty miles south of Charleston, South Carolina, on Wadmalaw Island.  Owned by the Bigelow Tea Company, it grows the tea sold under the brand name American Classic Tea and Charleston Tea Garden from the Camellia sinensis plant. It formerly hosted the annual First Flush Festival to celebrate the beginning of the harvest season.

Lipton
Lipton is a British brand owned by Lipton Teas and Infusions. It derives from its founder, Sir Thomas Lipton, who started a grocery retail business in the United Kingdom in 1871. The brand was used for various consumer goods sold in Lipton stores, including tea from 1890, for which Lipton is now best known.

The brand was purchased in 2022 by CVC Capital Partners from Unilever. Unilever retained use of the Lipton brand for tea in India, Nepal, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka as well as for ready to drink beverages globally, such as Lipton Ice Tea, which are sold by a joint venture between Unilever and PepsiCo, and not associated with Lipton Teas and Infusions.  Unilever also reserved the right to produce Lipton branded instant soup mixes in North America.
Rybinsk (inhabited locality)
Rybinsk (Russian: Рыбинск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Rybinsk, a city in Yaroslavl Oblast

Rural localities

Rybinsk, Irkutsk Oblast, a village in Tayshetsky District of Irkutsk Oblast

Rybinsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, a village in Bolotninsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast; 55°52′N 84°18′E﻿ / ﻿55.867°N 84.300°E﻿ / 55.867; 84.300

Rybinsk, Tomsk Oblast, a settlement in Verkhneketsky District of Tomsk Oblast

Tayshetsky District
Tayshetsky District (Russian: Тайшетский райо́н) is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Tayshetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 27,800 square kilometers (10,700 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tayshet. Population: 29,752 (2010 census); 36,502 (2002 Census); 35,236 (1989 Soviet census).
ELP3
Elongator complex protein 3, also named KAT9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELP3 gene. ELP3 is the catalytic histone acetyltransferase subunit of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, which is a component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme and is involved in transcriptional elongation. ELP3 supports the migration and branching of projection neurons through acetylation of alpha-tubulin in the developing cerebral cortex. In mammals, ELP3 is important for paternal DNA demethylation after fertilization. ELP3 is potentially involved in cellular redox homeostasis by mediating the acetylation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Besides, ELP3 may play a role in chromatin remodeling and is involved in acetylation of histones H3 and probably H4.

Projection fiber
Projection fibers consist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord. In human neuroanatomy, bundles of axons (nerve fibers) called nerve tracts, within the brain, can be categorized by their function into association tracts, projection tracts, and commissural tracts.

In the neocortex, projection neurons are excitatory neurons that send axons to distant brain targets. Considering the six histologically distinct layers of the neocortex, associative projection neurons extend axons within one cortical hemisphere; commissural projection neurons extend axons across the midline to the contralateral hemisphere; and corticofugal projection neurons extend axons away from the cortex. That said, some neurons are multi-functional and can therefore be categorized into more than one such category.
Sten Malmquist
Sten Malmquist (1917 – March 11, 2004) was a Swedish economist and statistician. Among his contributions he is famous for having constructed the Malmquist index.

Malmquist was born in Lund, and his father's work as an astronomer took the family first to Saltsjöbaden and then to Uppsala. After collaborating with Herman Wold on econometric studies of consumer demand, Malmquist got his Ph.D. in statistics from Uppsala University in 1948. Malmquist's work on duality and the metric theory of utility is still used in microeconomic theory. In 1954, he was appointed professor at Stockholm University College, later known as Stockholm University, and remained there until his retirement in 1983.

Malquist also published in probability theory, where he found a formula for the  boundary probability for the Brownian motion within a finite time interval.

Stopping time
In probability theory, in particular in the study of stochastic processes, a stopping time (also Markov time, Markov moment, optional stopping time or optional time) is a specific type of "random time": a random variable whose value is interpreted as the time at which a given stochastic process exhibits a certain behavior of interest. A stopping time is often defined by a stopping rule, a mechanism for deciding whether to continue or stop a process on the basis of the present position and past events, and which will almost always lead to a decision to stop at some finite time.

Stopping times occur in decision theory, and the optional stopping theorem is an important result in this context. Stopping times are also frequently applied in mathematical proofs to "tame the continuum of time", as Chung put it in his book (1982).
Kenneth Komoski
Kenneth Komoski was an American educational advocate, nonprofit executive, and former teacher. He died November 15, 2017, aged 89. Komoski served as head of the Center for Programmed Instruction and the Educational Products Information Exchange Institute. In 1964, Life Magazine named him to their list of Young Leaders of the Big Breakthrough. The magazine noted that he "was among the first to explore the new field of education by teaching-machines, such as keyboard devices, microfilm, and computers". Several years later, Komoski coined the term "learner verification and revision" for formative evaluation and modification of instructional materials (aka field testing with learners). His work in educational technology led the International Society for Performance Improvement to award him their Honorary Lifetime Member Award in 1979.

United States Tennis Association
The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members, it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis, from the grass-roots to the professional levels. The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States.

The USTA runs the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the US Open every year.

The USTA has leagues in most places for adults skill levels between beginner and pro. The USTA also hosts tournaments across the country every weekend for club players or professionals.
MV Empire MacKay
MV Empire MacKay was an oil tanker constructed with rudimentary aircraft handling facilities as a merchant aircraft carrier (MAC ship).

MV Empire MacKay was built by Harland & Wolff, Govan under order from the Ministry of War Transport. She entered service as a MAC ship in October 1943, however only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel. She was operated by the British Tanker Company.

She returned to merchant service as an oil tanker in 1946 as British Swordfish and she was eventually scrapped in Rotterdam in 1959.

Harland & Wolff
Harland & Wolff is a British shipbuilding and fabrication company headquartered in London with sites in Belfast, Arnish, Appledore and Methil. It specialises in ship repair, shipbuilding and offshore construction.

Today, the company is focused on supporting five sectors: Defence, Energy, Cruise & Ferry, Renewables and Commercial. It offers services including technical services, fabrication & construction, repair & maintenance, in-service support, conversion and decommissioning.

Having entered administration for the second time in five years, it was bought by Navantia in January 2025.
Carow
Carow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Berit Carow (born 1981), German rower

Bill Carow (1924–2011), American speed skater

Evelyn Carow (born 1931), German movie editor

Heiner Carow (1929–1997), German film director and screenwriter

Jochen Carow (born 1994), German footballer

Jorge W. Carow (1874–1936), American politician and lawyer

Leonard Carow (born 1994), German actor

Evelyn Carow
Evelyn Carow (born 17 December 1931) is a German film editor. Working for state-owned production company DEFA, she was closely involved in the production of many films that are now considered classics of East German cinema.
Robert Knowlton Smith
Robert Knowlton Smith (28 December 1887 – 26 October 1973) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia and became a barrister.

Smith studied at St. Francis Xavier University and the Dalhousie Law School where in 1911 he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree.

He was mayor of Amherst, Nova Scotia in 1923, and served on that municipality's council for five years. In August 1925, he was designated a Crown Prosecutor for Cumberland County, but resigned that October to seek federal office.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Cumberland riding in the 1925 general election, then re-elected there in 1926 and 1930.

On 16 January 1929, he was appointed King's Counsel through the Nova Scotia government.

Smith died on 26 October 1973 and was interred at Parkview Cemetery in Waterloo, Ontario.

1925 Canadian federal election
The 1925 Canadian federal election was held on October 29, 1925, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 15th Parliament of Canada. The Conservative party took the most seats in the House of Commons, although not a majority. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party was invited to form a minority government. Unlike the Conservative party, King's Liberals had the conditional support of the many Farmer/Progressive MPs. As a result, this is the only election in which the party that won the most seats did not get to form a government afterward.

The government fell the following year. Governor General Baron Byng of Vimy offered the Conservatives under Meighen a chance to form government. This too fell in short order. Byng's action in refusing King's request became the main issue of the 1926 election under the name "King–Byng Affair".
Thérèse Bertone
Thérèse Bertone (Turin, Italy, 1900 – Montfermeil, Paris, 1984) was a French athlete who won three medals at the 1923 Women's Olympiad under the nickname Monnet due to social pressures faced by women at the time and was part of the Lyon Olympic University field hockey team.

1923 Women's Olympiad
The 1923 Women's Olympiad (Jeux Athlétiques Féminins, Jeux Olympiques Féminins and Monte Carlo Games) was the fourth international event in women's sports, the tournament was held 4 to 7 April 1923 in Monte Carlo, Monaco. The tournament was formally called "Les Jeux Athlétiques Féminins à Monté Carlo". The games were a runner-up to the 1921 Women's Olympiad and 1922 Women's Olympiad.
Nea Tiryntha
Nea Tiryntha (Greek: Νέα Τίρυνθα) is a village and a former municipality in Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Nafplio, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 41.443 km2. Population 3,207 (2021).

Peloponnese (region)
The Peloponnese Region (Greek: Περιφέρεια Πελοποννήσου, romanized: Periféria Peloponnísou, [periˈferia pelopoˈnisu]) is a region in southern Greece. It borders Western Greece to the north and Attica to the north-east. The region has an area of about 15,490 square kilometres (5,980 square miles). It covers most of the Peloponnese peninsula, except for the northwestern subregions of Achaea and Elis which belong to Western Greece and a small portion of the Argolid peninsula that is part of Attica.
2019 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Doubles
Oliver Marach and Mate Pavić were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Damir Džumhur and Dušan Lajović.

David Goffin and Pierre-Hugues Herbert won the title, defeating Robin Haase and Matwé Middelkoop in the final, 5–7, 6–4, [10–4].

Oliver Marach
Oliver Marach (born 16 July 1980) is a former Austrian professional tennis player who primarily specialised in doubles.

He achieved his highest singles ranking of world No. 82 in August 2005, but achieved most of his success in doubles where he reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 2 on 28 May 2018.  Marach won his only Grand Slam title at the 2018 Australian Open, partnering Mate Pavić, and the pair also finished runners-up at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 French Open. He and Pavić were the 2018 ATP Doubles Team of the year. In mixed doubles, he has reached three Grand Slam semifinals.

He has represented Austria in the Davis Cup since 2003, and also played at the 2016 Olympic Games alongside Alexander Peya. In 2021, in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, he partnered with Philipp Oswald.

Marach retired from professional tennis in December 2022.
Larisa Arap
Larisa Arap (Russian: Лари́са Ива́новна Ара́п; born in 1958) is a Russian opposition activist who became a victim of involuntary commitment in the psychiatric facilities of Murmansk and Apatity, soon after publishing her article about mistreatment of patients in the same hospital where she was committed in July 2007. She was released after 46 days of confinement, on August 20, 2007.

Severomorsk
Severomorsk (Russian: Североморск, lit. 'northern sea [city]'), known as Vayenga (Ваенга) until 18 April 1951, is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. Severomorsk is the main administrative base of the Russian Northern Fleet. The town is situated on the coast of the Barents Sea along the Kola Bay 25 kilometers (16 mi) northeast of Murmansk, the administrative centre of the oblast, to which it is connected by railway and a motorway. It is the main naval base of the Northern Fleet of Russia and the sixth largest city in the world beyond the Arctic Circle.
1915 Danish Folketing election
Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 6 May 1915. In order to make amendments to the constitution, the government called for the dissolution of both the Folketing and the Landsting to allow a new Rigsdag to make the revisions. However, as this was during World War I, no campaigning took place, and 105 of the 115 were uncontested.

The corresponding Landsting election was held on 22 May.

Landsting (Denmark)
The Landsting (Danish: Landstinget) was the upper house of the Rigsdag, from 1849 until 1953, when the bicameral system was abolished in favour of unicameralism. The Landsting had powers equal to the Folketing, which made the two houses of parliament hard to distinguish.

Originally, membership and the electorate was restricted, and the members were largely conservatives. Membership of the house was then restricted to certain sectors of society: only men with a certain net worth could hold a seat. In 1915, these restrictions were removed, and a few new members were appointed by the existing members.
SPV
SPV can refer to the following:

Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, a school in Delhi, India

Service for Poland's Victory, a Polish WWII resistance organization

Budd SPV-2000, rail car

Orange SPV, 2002 smartphone

Irish Section 110 Special Purpose Vehicle, a type of company in Ireland that pays no tax

Special purpose vehicle, a type of legal entity usually created to isolate risk

Spectrum Pursuit Vehicle, a fictional vehicle

SPV GmbH, a German record label

Surface photovoltage, of a semiconductor

Simple payment verification of a Bitcoin  transaction

Superstrada Pedemontana Veneta, a motorway in Veneto, Italy

Shope papilloma virus, a virus that infects rabbits and hares and causes keratinous growths resembling horns

Sardar Patel Vidyalaya
Sardar Patel Vidyalaya (SPV) is an education school located in Lodi Estate, New Delhi, India. The school is named after a leader of the Indian independence movement, and independent India's first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
1994–95 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1994 season began on December 31, 1994. The postseason tournament concluded with the San Francisco 49ers defeating the San Diego Chargers in an all-California matchup in Super Bowl XXIX, 49–26, on January 29, 1995, at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami, Florida.

Adam Walker (American football, born 1968)
Adam Walker (born June 7, 1968) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for five seasons with the San Francisco 49ers and Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers.

Walker is the Chief Executive Officer of Summit Packaging Solutions. The University of Pittsburgh Board of Trustees elected Walker a trustee in 2019. In 2022 he was appointed to Peach Bowl, Inc.'s Board of Trustees.
Dividend stripping
Dividend stripping (also known as dividend arbitrage) is the practice of buying shares a short period before a dividend is declared, called cum-dividend, and then selling them when they go ex-dividend, when the previous owner is entitled to the dividend. On the day the company trades ex-dividend, theoretically the share price drops by the amount of the dividend.

This transaction may be done by an ordinary investor as an investment strategy, or used as a foundation for complex tax avoidance (such as cum-cum trading) or tax fraud (such as cum-ex trading) schemes by a company's owners or associates.

Income Tax Assessment Act 1936
The Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth) is an Act of the Parliament of Australia. It is one of the main statutes under which income tax is calculated. The Act is gradually being rewritten into the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, and new matters are generally now added to the 1997 Act.

The reason for rewriting the act is that amendments over the years have made it thousands of pages long, and very complex. Amendments have also created subsection upon subsection.
Thessaly Railways
Thessaly Railways (Greek: Σιδηρόδρομοι Θεσσαλίας) was a private railway company in Greece, which owned and operated the metre gauge railway network of Thessaly and Pelion railway from 1884 to 1955, when the private company was absorbed by the Hellenic State Railways state-owned company. Today the term usually refers to the section of mainline between Domokos and Rapsani and its two branches, the West Thessaly branch to Kalambaka and the Volos branch.

Thessaly
Thessaly (/ˈθɛsəli/ THESS-ə-lee; Greek: Θεσσαλία, romanized: Thessalía [θesaˈli.a]; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Central Greece to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.
Imcheon Cho clan
Imcheon Jo clan (Korean: 임천 조씨; Hanja: 林川 趙氏) is a Korean clan, with the bon-gwan (ancestral seat) located in Buyeo County, South Chungcheong Province. According to the 2015 South Korean census, the number of Imcheon Cho clan was 14,258.

According to the clan, their founder was Zhao Shoukang (趙守康), known in Korean as Cho Su'gang (조수강). He was the fifth son of Zhao Weiji (趙惟吉), who was a grandson of Emperor Taizu of Song. Zhao Shoukang passed the jinshi Imperial examination in Song dynasty and served as gongfengguan (供奉官). However, he heard of Zhao Dezhao's treatment by Emperor Taizong, so he left the Song dynasty to go to Goryeo with his uncle, Zhao Weigu (趙惟固), known in Korean as Cho Yugo (조유고). Then Zhao Shoukang changed his name to Cho Ch'ŏnhyŏk (조천혁; 趙天赫). Finally, he was appointed as the Count of Garim (가림백; 嘉林伯) because of his contributions when he fought against Khitans and began Imcheon Cho clan.

Emperor Taizu of Song
Emperor Taizu of Song (21 March 927 – 14 November 976), personal name Zhao Kuangyin, courtesy name Yuanlang, was the founding emperor of the Song dynasty of China. He reigned from 960 until his death in 976. Formerly a distinguished military general of the Later Zhou dynasty, Emperor Taizu came to power after staging a coup d'état and forcing Emperor Gong, the last Later Zhou ruler, to abdicate the throne in his favor.

During his reign, Emperor Taizu conquered the states of Southern Tang, Later Shu, Southern Han, and Jingnan, thus reunifying most of China proper. To strengthen his control, he lessened the power of military generals and relied on civilian officials in administration. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Zhao Kuangyi (Emperor Taizong).
Anglo Manipuri Treaty (1762)
The Anglo-Manipuri Treaty of 14 September 1762, also known as the Anglo-Manipuri Mutual Defence Treaty, 1762, marked a formal alliance between Manipur Kingdom and the British East India Company, driven by mutual interests in resisting Burmese expansion and securing commercial and strategic advantages in the region.
It was concluded on 14 September 1762 between Harray Das Gussein, acting on behalf of Jai Singh of Manipur, and Harry Verelst, Chief of the British East India Company’s Chittagong Factory. The treaty outlined mutual military and political cooperation between Manipur and the British East India Company, particularly against Burmese incursions.

The Anglo-Manipuri Treaty of 14 September 1762 was the first treaty between Manipur and the British Empire. In this treaty, the British agreed to help Manipur get back its land or push out the Burmese from the state. This was followed by another defence agreement in 1763 between the two sides.

Bhagya Chandra
Bhagya Chandra (also known as Ching-Thang Khomba and Jai Singh) (1748–1798)  was a king of Manipur in the 18th century CE. He was the grandson of Gharib Niwaz and ruled Manipur for almost forty years (1759–1798). During his rule, he faced several invasions from the Burmese empire and went into exile, but eventually made peace with Burma.

Bhagya Chandra is known for spreading Vaishnavism in the Manipur state. He invented the Manipuri Raas Leela dance. His daughter (Shija Laioibi) played the role of Radha at the first performance and became a popular figure in Manipur.