hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spring Creek (San Jacinto River tributary)
Spring Creek is a creek that divides Harris and Montgomery County in Southeast Texas. It is the only natural creek in both Harris and Montgomery County. The Creek flows into the west fork of the San Jacinto River west of Lake Houston. Spring Creek flows through the cities of Tomball, the northern part of Spring, The Woodlands, and Kingwood.

Spring, Texas
Spring is a census-designated place (CDP) within the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Houston in Harris County, Texas, United States, part of the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. The population was 62,559 at the 2020 census. While the name "Spring" is popularly applied to a large area of northern Harris County and a smaller area of southern Montgomery County, the original town of Spring, now known as Old Town Spring, is at the intersection of Spring-Cypress and Hardy roads and encompasses perhaps 1 square kilometer (0.39 sq mi).
Tano Site
The Tano Site (田能遺跡, Tano iseki) is an archaeological site with the traces of a Yayoi period settlement straddling the border between the cities of Amagasaki and Itami, Hyōgo Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site in 1969.

Itami
Itami (伊丹市, Itami-shi) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2022, the city had an estimated population of 197,215 in 83,580 households and a population density of 7,900/km2 (20,000/sq mi). The total area of the city is 25.00 square kilometres (9.65 sq mi).
Voices for Freedom
TJB 2021 Limited, trading as Voices for Freedom (VFF), is an advocacy group in New Zealand that formed in December 2020 to oppose the New Zealand Government's COVID-19 mitigation policies and vaccination rollout. The organisation is founded and led by food blogger and former Advance New Zealand candidate Claire Deeks, Libby Jonson and Alia Bland. Voices for Freedom has been criticised by NZ Skeptics, The Spinoff editor Madeleine Chapman, and FACT Aotearoa for spreading misinformation about COVID-19 and vaccinations.

The Spinoff
The Spinoff is a New Zealand online magazine and news website that was founded in 2014. It is known for current affairs coverage, political and social analysis, and cultural commentary. It earns money through commercial sponsorship and subscriptions. The business is owned by its founder and former editor Duncan Greive and his wife Nicola. It is left-leaning.
Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya
Geodeung, also called Geodeung Wang, was the king of Gaya, a confederacy of chiefdoms that existed in the Nakdong River valley of Korea during the Three Kingdoms era, from 199 to 259. Legend holds that he was the son of King Suro of Gaya and Suro's queen, Heo Hwang-ok. Legend says also they had in total ten sons. Geodeung Wang was married with Queen Mojong, who was the daughter of Sin Po Ch'onpukyong(泉府卿) and Mojong. Sin Po was a courtier in Heo Hwang-ok's entourage.

Nakdong River
The Nakdong River or Nakdonggang (Korean: 낙동강, pronounced [nak̚t͈oŋgaŋ]) is the longest river in South Korea, which passes through the major cities of Daegu and Busan. It takes its name from its role as the eastern border of the Gaya confederacy during Korea's Three Kingdoms Era.
Taphrina maculans
Taphrina maculans is a fungal plant pathogen that is the causative agent of leaf blotch of turmeric plants. It has been reported from Bangladesh and India. The fungus was first described scientifically by Irish mycologist Edwin John Butler in 1911.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Sens & Tonka
Sens & Tonka is a French publishing house that was founded in 1994 by Jeanne-Marie Sens and Hubert Tonka.
Publications are typically about relatively serious subjects such as architecture, the arts and politics.
Authors include Jean-Marie Apostolidès, Miguel Abensour, Marcel Gauchet, Olivier Jacquemond, Mehdi Belhaj Kacem, Sylvère Lotringer, Philippe Di Folco, Günther Anders, Jean Baudrillard, Auguste Blanqui, Pierre Clastres, Gilles Clément, Chloé Delaume, Édouard Dor, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Olivier Jacquemond, Louis Janover, Franck Laroze, Fréderic Neyrat, Léo Scheer, and Paul Virilio.

Lawrence Ferlinghetti
Lawrence Monsanto Ferlinghetti (né Ferling; March 24, 1919 – February 22, 2021) was an American poet, painter, social activist, and co-founder of City Lights Booksellers & Publishers. An author of poetry, translations, fiction, theatre, art criticism, and film narration, Ferlinghetti was best known for his second collection of poems, A Coney Island of the Mind (1958), which has been translated into nine languages and sold over a million copies. When Ferlinghetti turned 100 in March 2019, the city of San Francisco turned his birthday, March 24, into "Lawrence Ferlinghetti Day".
Madeleine ffrench-Mullen
Madeleine ffrench-Mullen (30 December 1880 – 26 May 1944) was an Irish revolutionary and labour activist who took part in the Easter Rising in Dublin in 1916.

Ffrench-Mullen was a member of the radical nationalist women's organisation Inghinidhe na hÉireann. In 1913 during the Dublin Lock-out, she worked in the soup kitchen in Liberty Hall. She subsequently joined the Irish Citizen Army (ICA). In the Easter Rising she worked in a first-aid tent. She was arrested after the Rising but released the following month. She joined Sinn Féin and was elected to Rathmines District Council in 1920.

Dublin lock-out
The Dublin lock-out was a major industrial dispute between approximately 20,000 workers and 300 employers that took place in Dublin, Ireland. The dispute, lasting from 26 August 1913 to 18 January 1914, is often viewed as the most severe and significant industrial dispute in Irish history. Central to the dispute was the workers' right to unionise.
Ousseini Hadizatou Yacouba
Ousseini Hadizatou Yacouba (born November 9, 1958) is a politician in Niger. Since 2013, she has served as the Deputy Chief of Staff to Mahamadou Issoufou, with the rank of minister. In April 2021, she was appointed Minister of Mines in the government of Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou. In July 2023, following the coup d'état, Ousseini Hadizatou Yacouba was arrested and placed under house arrest by the military junta.

Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou
Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou (born 1954) is a Nigerien politician of the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS-Tarayya) who served as Prime Minister of Niger between 3 April 2021 and 26 July 2023, until he was deposed in the wake of the 2023 Nigerien coup d'état.

Mahamadou served as Niger's Minister of Mines, Energy, and Industry from 1991 to 1993 and as Minister of Finance from April 2011 to April 2012. He has been Director of the Cabinet of the President since 2015.
FPTV
FPTV (short for Festival Portuguese Television) is a Canadian Category B Portuguese language specialty channel. The channel's licensee is 1395047 Ontario Inc., a company founded by Frank Alvarez, in 2001.

FPTV broadcasts a variety of foreign and locally produced programs aimed at the Portuguese speaking communities in Canada from Portugal, Brazil, and Portugal's former African colonies. Programs include sports, news, telenovelas, and more. The majority of foreign programs are sourced from SIC Internacional, one of the most popular private networks in Portugal.

Specialty channel
A specialty channel (also known in the United States as a cable channel or cable network) can be a commercial broadcasting or non-commercial television channel which consists of television programming focused on a single genre, subject or targeted television market at a specific demographic.
Tatung Einstein
The Tatung Einstein is an eight-bit home/personal computer produced by Taiwanese corporation Tatung, designed in Bradford, England at Tatung's research laboratories and assembled in Bridgnorth and Telford, England. It was aimed primarily at small businesses.

Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England,  named after a bridge over the River Severn. The river divides the town into High Town and Low Town, the upper town on its right bank and the lower on its left bank. The population at the 2011 Census was 12,079.
Bram De Looze
Bram De Looze (born 23 January 1991) is a Belgian jazz pianist who trained at the Lemmensinstituut and at the New School For Jazz and Contemporary Music (New York), under the tutelage of Uri Caine, Marc Copland, and Reggie Workman.

School of Jazz and Contemporary Music
The School of Jazz and Contemporary Music is a private music school of The New School in New York City.  It is located on West 13th Street in the neighborhood of Greenwich Village. It was once known as The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music.
Nazia Mintz Habib
Nazia Mintz Habib, FRSA is an interdisciplinary academic based at the University of Cambridge, conducting action research in sustainability science and sustainable development. She is the founder and director of the university's Centre for Resilience and Sustainable Development (CRSD). Her work has benefited the leaderships of more than 57 countries.

Action research
Action research is a philosophy and methodology of research generally applied in the social sciences. It seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection. Kurt Lewin, then a professor at MIT, first coined the term "action research" in 1944. In his 1946 paper "Action Research and Minority Problems" he described action research as "a comparative research on the conditions and effects of various forms of social action and research leading to social action" that uses "a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of a circle of planning, action and fact-finding about the result of the action".
Serangan Fajar
Serangan Fajar (released internationally as Attack at Dawn) is a 1982 Indonesian war film directed by Arifin C. Noer and produced by G. Dwipayana. Telling the lives of several persons during the Indonesian National Revolution, the film used wayang imagery to show heroism. The critically acclaimed film has been read as emphasising then-President Suharto's role in the revolution, especially the General Offensive of 1 March.

President of Indonesia
The president of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of ten years in office.

The current president is Prabowo Subianto, who assumed office on 20 October 2024.
Theophilus Müller
Theophilus Müller (also known as Teofilo Molinatore and Theophilus Molitor) (Hersfeld 1576- Würzburg 1619 (?)) was professor of botany at the University of Ingolstadt.  He joined the Accademia dei Lincei in 1611.

In 1621 Theophilus Müller and Giovanni Faber performed the first documented dissection of a rat. Their pregnant specimen appeared to have a penis and testes as well as a uterus, so they described it as a hermaphrodite. In fact the supposed penis was a clitoris, and the testes were vaginal glands.

Federico Cesi had purchased the unpublished papers of the Fransicso Hernández expedition, part-edited by Nardo Antonio Recchi, containing a compendium of New World plants. There was a Lincean project to send Müller to Mexico to complete the necessary research for the publication, but nothing appears to have come of it.

Francisco Hernández expedition (1570–1577)
The Francisco Hernández expedition (Spanish: Comisión de Francisco Hernández a Nueva España) is considered to be the first scientific expedition to the New World, led by Francisco Hernández de Toledo, a naturalist and physician of the Court of King Philip II, who was highly regarded in Spain because of his works on herbal medicine.

Among some of the most important achievements of the expedition were the discovery and subsequent introduction in Europe of a number of new plants that did not exist in the Old World, but that quickly gained acceptance and become very popular among European consumers, such as pineapples, cocoa, corn, and many others.
Beck, Bogert & Appice (album)
Beck, Bogert & Appice is the only studio album by the rock band Beck, Bogert & Appice, released on March 26, 1973. The group was a power trio featuring guitarist Jeff Beck (who had already been a member of The Yardbirds), bassist Tim Bogert,  and drummer Carmine Appice (both formerly with Vanilla Fudge and Cactus).

The album contains Beck's version of the song "Superstition" which was written by Stevie Wonder. The song had grown out of a jam session between Beck and Wonder, with Beck introducing Wonder to the song's iconic opening drum part.  In return for Beck's work on Talking Book, Wonder had given the song to Beck to record and release as his own single. Delays in the release of the Beck, Bogert & Appice album, however, meant that Wonder's version was released first.

Beck, Bogert & Appice was released in both conventional 2-channel stereo and 4-channel quadraphonic versions. This was the band's only studio album, as Beck's departure forced a sudden dissolution in 1974.

Power trio
A power trio is a rock band format having a lineup of electric guitar, bass guitar and drum kit, leaving out a dedicated vocalist or an additional rhythm guitar or keyboard instrument that are often used in other rock music bands that are quartets and quintets. Larger rock bands often use one or more additional rhythm sections to fill out the sound with chords and harmony parts.

Most power trios in hard rock and heavy metal music use the electric guitar player in two roles; during much of the song, they play rhythm guitar, playing the chord progression for the song and performing the song's important riffs, and then switching to a lead guitar role during the guitar solo. While one or more band members typically sing while playing their instruments, power trios in hard rock and heavy metal music generally emphasize instrumental performance and overall sonic impact over vocals and lyrics.
June Halliday
June Wanda Halliday, AM (née von Alpen, 1930 – 21 March 2021) was an Australian biochemist and researcher of liver disease and iron metabolism. She was a pioneer in the use of serum ferritin and liver iron concentration as diagnostic aids for studying haemochromatosis.

Iron overload
Iron overload is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction. Iron overload is often primary (i.e, hereditary haemochromatosis, aceruloplasminemia) but may also be secondary to other causes (i.e., transfusional iron overload). Iron deposition most commonly occurs in the liver, pancreas, skin, heart, and joints.

People with iron overload classically present with the triad of liver cirrhosis, secondary diabetes mellitus, and bronze skin. However, due to earlier detection nowadays, symptoms are often limited to general chronic malaise, arthralgia, and hepatomegaly.
The Glimmer Man
The Glimmer Man is a 1996 American buddy-cop action comedy film directed by John Gray, written by Kevin Brodbin, and produced by Steven Seagal and Julius R. Nasso. Seagal and Keenen Ivory Wayans star as newly partnered Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) detectives Jack Cole and Jim Campbell, whose first case together – the pursuit of a serial killer who murders entire families – reveals connections to Cole's mysterious past. Bob Gunton, Brian Cox, and Michelle Johnson also star.

The film was released in the United States on October 4, 1996, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received mostly negative reviews from film critics and grossed $41.8 million against a budget of $45 million.

John Gray (director)
John Gray is an American writer, director, producer. He is the creator of the CBS television series Ghost Whisperer starring Jennifer Love Hewitt.  He has written and directed feature movies as well.

Gray has written and directed many movies for television, such as the remake of the 1976 telefilm Helter Skelter, Martin and Lewis, The Hunley, The Day Lincoln Was Shot, and several Hallmark Hall of Fame movies.

He directed the ABC original series Empire.
Parkside Rangers
The Parkside Rangers (formerly Wisconsin–Parkside Rangers or UW–Parkside Rangers) are the athletic teams that represent the University of Wisconsin–Parkside, located in Somers, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Rangers compete as members of Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) for 12 of 13 sports; the wrestling team competes in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC).

UW–Parkside has been a member of the GLIAC since the 2018–19 school year, at which time it adopted its current athletic branding as "Parkside". The Rangers were previously members of the Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) from 1994–95 to 2017–18.

University of Wisconsin–Parkside
The University of Wisconsin–Parkside (UW Parkside or UWP) is a public university in Somers, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System and has 4,644 students, 161 full-time faculty, and 89 lecturers and part-time faculty. The university offers 33 undergraduate majors and 11 master's degrees in 22 academic departments. UW–Parkside is one of two universities in the UW System not named for the city in which it is located, the other being UW–Stout. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

UW–Parkside is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II for athletics. The athletic program is branded as the Parkside Rangers, and its teams wear forest green, black, and white. The Rangers compete in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.
Beethoven Hall (Boston)
Beethoven Hall (1874–78) was an auditorium in Boston, Massachusetts, that hosted musical performances and other entertainments in the 1870s. It sat on Washington Street, near Boylston Street, in today's Boston Theater District/Chinatown neighborhood. The architect was William Washburn, who had also designed the first National Theatre and the second Tremont Temple.

In 1879 the renovated hall re-opened as the Park Theatre. The building survived until 1990, when it was razed.

Tremont Temple
The Tremont Temple on 88 Tremont Street is a Baptist church in Boston, Massachusetts, affiliated with the American Baptist Churches, USA and the Southern Baptist Convention. An elder-led congregation, Jaime E. Owens is the current Senior Pastor since 2017.

The existing multi-storey, Renaissance Revival structure was designed by Boston architect Clarence Blackall, and opened in May 1896. It replaced a much smaller 1827 structure which had repeatedly suffered damage by fires.

The new facility was designed with a large auditorium, ground-floor retail shops, and upper-story offices, all of which could be leased commercially so that the congregation could welcome all worshippers for free.

In January 2023, the building exterior was declared a historic landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission.
Thucydides Trap
The Thucydides Trap, or Thucydides' Trap, is a term popularized by American political scientist Graham T. Allison to describe an apparent tendency towards war when an emerging power threatens to displace an existing great power as a regional or international hegemon. The term exploded in popularity in 2015 and primarily applies to analysis of China–United States relations.

Supporting the thesis, Allison led a study at Harvard University's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs which found that, among a sample of 16 historical instances of an emerging power rivaling a ruling power, 12 ended in war. That study, however, has come under considerable criticism, and scholarly opinion on the value  of the Thucydides Trap concept—particularly as it relates to a potential military conflict between the United States and China—remains divided.

National Defense University (United States)
The National Defense University (NDU) is an institution of higher education in Fort Lesley McNair, Washington, D.C., United States. It is funded by the United States Department of Defense aimed at facilitating high-level education, training, and professional development of national security leaders. As a chairman's Controlled Activity, NDU operates under the guidance of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), with Vice Admiral Peter Garvin, USN, as president. It is located near the White House and the US Congress.
The Flash: Vertical Velocity (Six Flags Great Adventure)
The Flash: Vertical Velocity is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey. It is a Vekoma Super Boomerang launch coaster themed to the DC Comics character the Flash.

Also a shuttle roller coaster, The Flash features an Immelmann Stall and a zero-g roll and a top speed of 59 miles per hour (95 km/h). The ride is located in the Metropolis section of Six Flags Great Adventure, near Justice League: Battle for Metropolis.

Steel roller coaster
A steel roller coaster is a type of roller coaster classified by its steel track, which consists of long steel tubes that are run in pairs, supported by larger steel columns or beams. Trains running along the track typically rely on wheels made of polyurethane or nylon to keep each train car anchored to the track. The introduction of tubular steel drastically changed roller coaster innovation, allowing for greater speeds, higher drops, and more intense elements such as inversions.

Arrow Dynamics is credited with inventing tubular steel track and introducing the first modern steel coaster with the opening of Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland in 1959. Older steel-tracked coasters existed previously in a simpler form, such as Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio, which is the oldest operating steel coaster in North America. The oldest in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain), which has been operating since 1928.