hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indicative conditional
An indicative conditional is a natural-language conditional sentence (an "if" sentence) used to talk about what may actually be the case, as in: "If Leona is at home, she isn't in Paris." Indicatives are commonly contrasted with counterfactual conditionals, which typically bear special grammatical marking (e.g., "would have") and are used to discuss ways things might have been but are not.

Indicative conditionals are central in philosophy of language, philosophical logic (especially conditional logic), and linguistics. Debates concern (i) what semantic value, if any, such conditionals have; (ii) how their contribution composes with surrounding material; and (iii) how competing accounts explain observed patterns of assertion, reasoning, and embedding. Prominent proposals include truth-functional analyses, pragmatics-augmented accounts, probabilistic ("suppositional") approaches, possible-worlds semantics, and restrictor treatments of if.

Modus ponens
In propositional logic, modus ponens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈpoʊnɛnz/; MP), also known as modus ponendo ponens (from Latin 'mode that by affirming affirms'), implication elimination, or affirming the antecedent, is a deductive argument form and rule of inference. It can be summarized as "P implies Q. P is true. Therefore, Q must also be true."

Modus ponens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism and is closely related to another valid form of argument, modus tollens. Both have apparently similar but invalid forms: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent. Constructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus ponens.

The history of modus ponens goes back to antiquity. The first to explicitly describe the argument form modus ponens was Theophrastus. It, along with modus tollens, is one of the standard patterns of inference that can be applied to derive chains of conclusions that lead to the desired goal.
Pierceland Central School
Pierceland Central School (PCS) is a pre-K to 12 school in Pierceland, Saskatchewan. PCS is one of twenty-four schools in the Northwest School Division. The division spans seventeen communities in north west Saskatchewan. The school mascot is the Panther. There are four house teams - Bobcats, Cheetahs, Lynx and Pumas.

Lynx
A lynx (/lɪŋks/ links; pl.: lynx or lynxes) is any of the four extant species (the Canada lynx, Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx and the bobcat) within the medium-sized wild cat genus Lynx. The name originated in Middle English via Latin from the Greek word lynx (λύγξ), derived from the Indo-European root *leuk- ('light', 'brightness'), in reference to the luminescence of its reflective eyes.
Nebria sajanica
Nebria sajanica is a species of ground beetle in the Nebriinae subfamily that can be found in Buryat Republic and Eastern Sayans. The name comes from the Sayan region where it lives. The species is common in Eastern Siberia and Tunkinsky District of Turan.

Tunkinsky District
Tunkinsky District (Russian: Тунки́нский райо́н; Buryat: Түнхэнэй аймаг, Tünkhenei aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is 11,791.62 square kilometers (4,552.77 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kyren. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 22,672, with the population of Kyren accounting for 23.8% of that number.
The Stepmother (2022 film)
The Stepmother is a 2022 American psychological thriller film written by Chris Stokes and Marques Houston and directed by Stokes. The film stars Erica Mena as a woman with dissociative identity disorder, and Marques Houston as a recently widowed single father. It is a gender and race swapped reimagining of the 1987 horror film, The Stepfather.

The film was released by Tubi on June 17, 2022. A sequel titled The Stepmother 2, premiered on December 23, 2022. The Stepmother 3 was released by Tubi on June 8, 2023.

Marques Houston
Marques Barrett Houston (born August 4, 1981) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. Houston began his singing career in 1990, performing with IMx, and found popularity as an actor for his portrayal of Roger Evans in the teen sitcom Sister, Sister from 1994 to 1999.
Amur State Medical Academy
Amur State Medical Academy (Russian: Амурская государственная медицинская академия) is a Russian higher medical educational institution established in 1952 and located in Blagoveshchensk, capital of Amur Oblast in the Russian Far East, Russia.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
All About Beer
All About Beer was an English-language magazine  published by All About Beer, LLC. Under previous owner Chris Rice, it filed for bankruptcy in 2019. It was located in Durham, NC, USA and was published six times per year, plus one special annual issue. At its peak it had a distribution of over 46,000, with subscribers and newsstand sales in more than 40 countries.

All About Beer was the oldest American publication for beer consumers. It was written for the beer drinker, particularly those interested in new developments in craft beer and specialty brewing.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
Biwabik, Minnesota
Biwabik (/ˈbaɪwəbɪk/ BY-wə-bik) is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 961 at the 2020 census.

State Highway 135 (MN 135) and Vermilion Trail (County 4) are two of the main routes in Biwabik.

Its name is derived from the Ojibwe word for 'iron', biiwaabik.  Biwabik is the gateway to the East Range on the Mesabi Iron Range.

Biwabik is a Bavarian-themed town that greets visitors to Giants Ridge Resort with two golf courses and a ski area, as well as trails, lakes, lodging and dining. The Mesabi Trail connects the community to Giants Ridge and Vermilion Trail Campground on Embarrass Lake, making the city a year-round destination. Events include the Calithumpian Fourth of July parade; Honktoberfest in September, an Oktoberfest which honors Honk the Moose; and Weihnachtsfest held on the first Saturday in December, with fireworks, music and food, and lights.

Bavarians
Bavarians are an  ethnographic group of Germans native to Bavaria, a state in Germany. The group's dialect or language is known as Bavarian, native to Altbayern ("Old Bavaria"), roughly the territory of the historic Electorate of Bavaria in the 17th century.

Like the neighboring Austrians, Bavarians are traditionally Catholic. In much of Altbayern, membership in the Catholic Church remains above 70%,
and the center-right Christian Social Union in Bavaria (successor of the Bavarian People's Party of 1919–1933) has traditionally been the strongest party in the Landtag, and also the party of all minister-presidents of Bavaria since 1946, with the single exception of Wilhelm Hoegner, 1954–1957.
Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed
"Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed" is a science fiction short story by American writer Ray Bradbury. It was originally published in the magazine Thrilling Wonder Stories in August 1949 under the title "The Naming of Names". It was subsequently included in the short-story collections A Medicine for Melancholy and S Is for Space.

Like many other stories by Ray Bradbury, this story takes place on Mars in the near future.

A Medicine for Melancholy
A Medicine for Melancholy (1959) is a collection of short stories by American writer  Ray Bradbury. It was first published in the UK by Hart-Davis in 1959 as The Day It Rained Forever with a slightly different list of stories. All of the included stories were previously published.
High Gardham
High Gardham is a small hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 5.5 miles (9 km) west of Beverley town centre and 3 miles (5 km) west of the village of Cherry Burton. It lies to the south of the A1079 road.

High Gardham forms part of the civil parish of Cherry Burton.

A1079 road
The A1079 is a major road in Northern England. It links the cities of York and Kingston upon Hull, both in Yorkshire. The road is noted for its past safety issues, and regularly features in the Road Safety Foundations reports on Britain's most dangerous roads. Campaigners have been calling for the entire route to be made into a dual carriageway.
Evelyn Scotney
Evelyn Scotney (11 July 1896 – 5 August 1967) was an Australian lyric coloratura soprano of great renown in the period from 1913 to the late 1920s. Her range extended to E in altissimo. She was compared very favourably with Amelita Galli-Curci, Luisa Tetrazzini and others. Her recording of "Caro nome" from Verdi's Rigoletto was described by a critic as "one of the best soprano records in existence", and her recording of The Blue Danube and other Strauss vocal waltzes was described as "absolutely perfect coloratura singing". She appears in The Record of Singing.

Coloratura soprano
A coloratura soprano (Italian: soprano di coloratura) is a type of operatic soprano voice that specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs, leaps and trills.

The term coloratura refers to the elaborate ornamentation of a melody, which is a typical component of the music written for this voice. Within the coloratura category, there are roles written specifically for lighter voices known as lyric coloraturas and others for larger voices known as dramatic coloraturas. Categories within a certain vocal range are determined by the size, weight and color of the voice. Coloratura is particularly found in vocal music and especially in operatic singing of the 18th and 19th centuries.
2024 Kingswood by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Kingswood was held on 15 February 2024, following the resignation of incumbent Conservative MP Chris Skidmore. The election was won by Damien Egan of the Labour Party with a 16% swing. The turnout was 37.1%.

Skidmore announced his resignation on 5 January 2024 in protest at the UK government's decision to issue more oil and gas licences. He formally resigned as a member of Parliament three days later on 8 January.

The by-election took place on the same day as the Wellingborough by-election, also gained by Labour from the Conservatives.

2023 review of Westminster constituencies
The 2023 review of Westminster constituencies was the most recent cycle of the process to redraw the constituency map for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The new constituency boundaries were approved by the Privy Council on 15 November 2023 and came into law on 29 November. It is the first review of Westminster boundaries to be successfully implemented since 2010.

These constituencies were first contested at the 2024 general election.
Rutledge Farm
Historic Rutledge Farm is a Grand Prix and hunter/jumper facility, in Middleburg, Virginia, owned by Rutledge Farm, LLC (Aleco Bravo-Greenberg and Mrs. Hermen Greenberg).

Built in 1740, it was most recently owned by Aleco's late step-father, Mr. Hermen Greenberg, who had built it into a world-class Thoroughbred breeding operation.

Middleburg, Virginia
Middleburg is a town in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Middleburg had a population of 669. It is the southernmost town along Loudoun County's shared border with Fauquier County.

Middleburg is known as the "Nation's Horse and Hunt Capital" for its foxhunting, steeplechases, and large estates.  The Middleburg Historic District, comprising the 19th-century center of town, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Jaap-Derk Buma
Jaap-Derk Buma (born 27 August 1972 in The Hague) is a former Dutch field hockey player, who played 143 international matches for the Netherlands, in which he scored nineteen goals. The striker made his debut for the Dutch on 5 November 1994 in a match against Belgium. He played in the Dutch League for HC Klein Zwitserland, HC Bloemendaal, Amsterdam, and HC Breda, and was a member of the squad that won the golden medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. His father Edo was also a field hockey international for Holland.

HC Klein Zwitserland
Hockey Club Klein Zwitserland, commonly known as Klein Zwitserland, is a Dutch professional field hockey club based in The Hague, South Holland.

The women and men's first teams compete in the hoofdklasse, the highest league of Dutch field hockey.

Founded on 20 September 1908, the club was incredibly successful during the 1970s, winning 8 national titles in a row. The first men's team played continuously on the highest level of Dutch hockey from 1974 until 2007. After promoting twice in a row they have been back in the hoofdklasse since 2018.
Cambodia Bay Cycling Tour
The Cambodia Bay Cycling Tour is an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Cambodia since 2020. The race is part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.2 category race. The first edition was won by Laotian rider Ariya Phounsavath.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Janey Gohl
Janey Lee Gohl (born August 18, 1956) is a beauty queen from St. Cloud, Minnesota who has competed in the Miss USA pageant.

Gohl was born to Roger and Bernice Bromenschenkel Gohl. She has three sisters and two brothers.

Gohl won the Miss Minnesota USA 1978 title in her first attempt and represented Minnesota at the Miss USA 1978 pageant in Charleston, South Carolina.

Gohl graduated from Cathedral High School in 1974 and attained a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism from St. Cloud State University the same weekend she won her state title. In 1983, she earned a law degree from William Mitchell College of Law in St. Paul, Minnesota. In 2002, she added to her academic credentials a Master of Science in Organization Development (MSOD) from Pepperdine University's top-ranked MSOD program. She works in the Human Resources/Organization Development field.

Human resources
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command.
Cloonlara (horse)
Cloonlara (28 April 1974 – 23 August 1981) was an American-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Although she never contested a Group One race as a two-year-old, Cloonlara was regarded as the best juvenile filly to race in Europe in 1976. The daughter of Derby winner Sir Ivor won all three of her races that year by wide margins, culminating in a six length win over colts in the Phoenix Stakes. She missed the rest of the season through injury and failed to reproduce her best form in 1977, when she became increasingly temperamental. Cloonlara made a highly promising start to her breeding career before her death from a lightning strike at the age of seven in August 1981.

Phoenix Stakes
The Phoenix Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
Mare's Leg
The Mare's Leg is the name given to a customized shortened rifle used by Steve McQueen's character on the television series Trackdown (guest appearance). Steve brought the weapon with him to Wanted: Dead or Alive (1958-1961). McQueen's character was named Josh Randall. Mare's Leg is now a generic term for a Winchester Model 1892 (or modern derivative) with a shortened barrel and stock.

.45 Colt
The .45 Colt (11.43×33mmR), often called the .45 Long Colt, is a rimmed straight-walled,  centerfire handgun cartridge dating to 1872. It was originally a black-powder revolver round developed for the Colt Single Action Army revolver. This cartridge was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873 and served as an official US military handgun cartridge for 19 years, before being replaced by the .38 Long Colt in 1892. Although there has never been a ".45 Short Colt" cartridge, the .45 Colt is frequently called the ".45 Long Colt" (.45 LC) to better distinguish it from the shorter and less powerful .45 Schofield cartridge, which was also in use around the same time as the .45 Colt and able to be used in revolvers chambered in the more powerful Colt round.
Airbus Helicopters H175
The Airbus Helicopters H175 (formerly Eurocopter EC175) is a 7-ton class super-medium utility helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters. In China, the H175 is produced by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) as the Avicopter AC352. Originally launched as the Eurocopter EC175 and the Harbin Z-15, it has been referred to as being a 'super-medium' helicopter.

Formally launched at Heli-Expo in Houston on 24 February 2008, it was predicted by Airbus Helicopters that approximately 800 to 1,000 EC175s would be sold over an initial 20-year period. It entered service in December 2014; in 2015, the EC175 was formally renamed to the H175, in line with Eurocopter's corporate rebranding as Airbus Helicopters.

Utility helicopter
A utility helicopter is a multi-purpose helicopter capable of pursuing a wide array of tasks. They have proven useful in both civilian and military operations, with versatility being their defining trait.
Ricky Rapper (film)
Ricky Rapper (Finnish: Risto Räppääjä) is a 2008 Finnish musical film. The film is based on two volumes of Sinikka Nopola's and Tiina Nopola's children's fantasy book series Ricky Rapper. The book volumes were originally released as Risto Räppääjä ja Nuudelipää of 2000 and Risto Räppääjä ja pakastaja-Elvi of 2001. Ricky Rapper is a comedy for children. It tells about the friendship between 10-year-old boy and girl in the normal suburb neighbourhood. The film was shot in Kartanonkoski in the city of Vantaa in the summer 2007.

Ricky Rapper was the most viewed Finnish film in Finland in 2008 with its 209,506 viewers and it was the sixth most viewed of all the Finnish films. The film received more than 215,000 viewers, and the DVD version has been sold almost 100,000 copies.

The following film Ricky Rapper and the Bicycle Thief was released in 2010, and it received 38,425 viewers in its first weekend – almost double as the previous film.

Tiina Nopola
Kirsti Tiina Orvokki Nopola (born 5 September 1955 in Helsinki) is a Finnish author of children's literature, best known for her work with her sister Sinikka Nopola on the series Hayflower and Quiltshoe, and Ricky Rapper.
Elizabeth Finkel
Elizabeth "Ella" Finkel AM (née Sher) is an Australian science journalist, author and communicator. A former biochemist, she has been broadcast on ABC Radio National, and written for publications such as Science, The Lancet, Nature Medicine, The Bulletin, New Scientist, The Age and The Monthly. In 2005, Finkel co-founded the popular science magazine COSMOS, served as Editor in Chief from 2013 to 2018 and she remains its Editor at Large. In 2016, she was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for her science communication work and philanthropy. In 2019, Finkel was awarded a Doctor of Laws honoris causa from Monash University and the Medal of the Australian Society for Medical Research. She now serves as a Vice Chancellor's Fellow at La Trobe University and on advisory committees for La Trobe University Press, the ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH) and the Melbourne Zoo.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Great Falls Dam
Great Falls Dam can refer to:

Great Falls Dearborn Dam, a hydroelectric dam on the Catawba River, South Carolina

Great Falls Dam (Maryland-Virginia), a proposed dam on the Potomac River, later proposed as Seneca Dam

Great Falls Dam (Tennessee), a hydroelectric dam on the Caney Fork near Rock Island, Tennessee, USA

Great Falls Dam (Manitoba), a hydroelectric dam on the Winnipeg River near Selkirk, Manitoba, Canada

Great Falls Dam (Manitoba)
Great Falls Generating Station is a hydroelectric dam on the Winnipeg River approximately 130 kilometres northeast of Winnipeg in the Rural Municipality of Alexander in the Canadian province of Manitoba.

The dam is owned and operated by Manitoba Hydro, and has a generating capacity of 130 megawatts. The Winnipeg Electric Railway Company began building the dam in 1914. First power was delivered in 1922, and the construction was completed in 1928.

In the fiscal year ending 31 March 2016, Great Falls contributed 2.31% of all generation in Manitoba, about 840 gigawatt-hours.