hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cora maxima
Cora maxima is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Bolivia, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Karina Wilk, Manuela Dal Forno, and Robert Lücking. The specific epithet maxima refers to its relatively large size—its thallus grows up to 20 cm (8 in) across. The lichen is only known to occur in Bolivia, where it grows as an epiphyte in tropical mountainous rainforests.

Hygrophoraceae
The Hygrophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Originally conceived as containing white-spored, thick-gilled agarics (gilled mushrooms), including Hygrophorus and Hygrocybe species (the waxcaps or waxy caps), DNA evidence has extended the limits of the family, so it now contains not only agarics, but also basidiolichens and corticioid fungi. Species are thus diverse and are variously ectomycorrhizal, lichenized, associated with mosses, or saprotrophic. The family contains 34 genera and over 1000 species. None is of any great economic importance, though fruit bodies of some Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus species are considered edible and may be collected for sale in local markets.
Variable Density Tunnel
The Variable Density Tunnel (VDT) was the second wind tunnel at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley Research Center. Proposed by German aerospace engineer, Max Munk, student of Ludwig Prandtl, it was the world's first variable density wind tunnel and allowed for more accurate testing of small-scale models than could be obtained with atmospheric wind tunnels.

The VDT was actively used as a wind tunnel from 1923 until its retirement in the 1940s. Langley Research Center historian, James R. Hansen, wrote that the VDT provided results superior to the atmospheric wind tunnels used at the time and was responsible for making NACA, the precursor to NASA, "a world leader in aerodynamic research". It is now a National Historic Landmark and is on display on the Langley grounds, near the old Reid Conference Center.

Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
2021–22 North Texas Mean Green men's basketball team
The 2021–22 North Texas Mean Green men's basketball team represented the University of North Texas during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Grant McCasland, and played their home games at UNT Coliseum in Denton, Texas as a member of the West division of Conference USA. They finished the season 25-7, 16-2 in C-USA Play to finish as regular season champions. They defeated Rice in the quarterfinals of the C-USA tournament before losing in the semifinals to Louisiana Tech.  As a No. 1 seed who didn’t win their conference tournament, they received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Texas State in the first round before losing in the second round to Virginia.

2021–22 Conference USA men's basketball season
The 2021–22 Conference USA men's basketball season began with practices in October 2021, followed by the start of the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. Conference play starts in late December 2021 and will end in March 2022, after which all 14 member teams will participate in the 2022 Conference USA tournament at The Ford Center at The Star in Frisco, Texas. The tournament champion is guaranteed a selection to the 2022 NCAA tournament.
Chris Moyles' Quiz Night
Chris Moyles' Quiz Night is a British television comedy panel game show, presented by Chris Moyles.

The show was originally shown on Channel 4 at 10 p.m. on Sundays and repeated on Mondays at 11 p.m. It included three rounds in which he took on three celebrity contestants in a quiz where the prize was an item from his own home. As he was also competing (in order to keep the prize), the questions were asked by a celebrity quiz master. The series has an all-female house band present in the studio who played the title music.

Paddy McGuinness
Patrick Joseph McGuinness (born 14 August 1973) is an English comedian, actor, writer, and television presenter. He rose to fame with the help of fellow comedian Peter Kay, who invited him to appear on the television comedy series That Peter Kay Thing (2000), and the sitcoms Phoenix Nights (2000–2001) and Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere (2004). McGuinness went on to present various television shows, including Take Me Out (2010–2019), 71 Degrees North (2011), Paddy's TV Guide (2013), Top Gear (2019–2022), I Can See Your Voice (2021–2022), Question of Sport (2021–2023) and Tempting Fortune (2023–present).

McGuinness has written and performed four stand-up comedy tours: The Dark Side Tour (2006), Plus You! Tour (2008), The Saturday Night Live Tour (2011), and Daddy McGuinness (2015–2016).
Läätsa
Läätsa is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 95.

Läätsa harbour and Pagila beach are located in the village.

Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Salme Parish.

Saaremaa
Saaremaa (/ˈsɑːrəmɑː/; Estonian: [ˈsɑˑreˌmɑː]) is the largest and most populous island in Estonia. Measuring 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi), its population is 31,435 (as of January 2020). The main island of the West Estonian archipelago (Moonsund archipelago), it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island and northwest of the Gulf of Riga. The administrative centre of the island, and of the Saare maakond (county), is the town of Kuressaare.

From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, the island of Saaremaa was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical name Ösel.
Ingeborg Gräßle
Ingeborg Helen Gräßle (born 2 March 1961) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since the 2021 elections, representing the Backnang – Schwäbisch Gmünd district. She previously served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 until 2019, where chaired of the Budgetary Control Committee.

As the co-rapporteur for the revision of the financial regulation, approved in the plenary in October 2012, Gräßle was instrumental in the negotiation of a compromise between the European Institutions. Gräßle is well known within the EU as a strong proponent of increased transparency and accountability for the Institutions.

Institutions of the European Union
The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision-making bodies of the European Union and Euratom governed under the Treaties of the European Union and European Union law. They are, as listed in Article 13 of the Treaty on the European Union:

the European Parliament,

the European Council (of heads of state or government),

the Council of the European Union (of member state ministers, a council for each area of responsibility),

the European Commission,

the Court of Justice of the European Union,

the European Central Bank and

the European Court of Auditors.

Institutions are distinct from both advisory bodies to the European Union and agencies of the European Union.
Faggot (food)
Faggots or savoury ducks are meatballs made from minced off-cuts and offal (especially pork, and traditionally pig's heart, liver and fatty belly meat or bacon) mixed with herbs and sometimes bread crumbs. It is a traditional dish in the United Kingdom, especially South and Mid Wales and the English Midlands.

Faggots originated as a traditional cheap food consumed by country people in Western England, particularly west Wiltshire and the West Midlands. Their popularity spread from there, especially to South Wales in the mid-nineteenth century, when many agricultural workers left the land to work in the rapidly expanding industry and mines of that area.

Breadcrumbs
Breadcrumbs are a culinary ingredient consisting of flour or crumbled bread of varying dryness, sometimes with seasonings added. They are used for a variety of purposes, including breading or crumbing foods before frying (such as breaded cutlets like tonkatsu and schnitzel), topping casseroles, stuffing poultry, thickening stews, and adding inexpensive bulk to soups, meatloaves, and similar foods.
Duchuanqiao station
Duchuanqiao Station (Chinese: 渎川桥) is a station on Line 5 of the Suzhou Metro. The station is located in Wuzhong District, Jiangsu. It has been in use since June 29, 2021, when Line 5 first opened to the public.

Suzhou Metro
Suzhou Metro, previously known as Suzhou Rail Transit, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu Province, China. Line 1 began operation on April 28, 2012. Line 2 opened on December 28, 2013. A further three lines, and an extension of Line 2, were completed between 2016 and 2021. Line 11, connecting Kunshan city which is under Suzhou's administration, and beyond to the Shanghai Metro, was completed on June 24, 2023, and a further three lines were opened in 2024.

Daily ridership increased from 680,000 (2017 average) to 899,000 (2018 average) to 995,000 (2019 average) to 1.935 million (2025 average). Record ridership increased from 1,130,000 (30 April 2017) to 1,548,000 (2 May 2019 record).
The American Claimant
The American Claimant is an 1892 novel by American humorist and writer Mark Twain.  Twain wrote the novel with the help of phonographic dictation, the first author (according to Twain himself) to do so. This was also (according to Twain) an attempt to write a book without mention of the weather, the first of its kind in fictitious literature (although the first sentence of the second paragraph references weather: "breezy fine morning"). Indeed, all the weather is contained in an appendix, at the back of the book, which the reader is encouraged to turn to from time to time.

Dictation machine
A dictation machine is a sound recording device most commonly used to record speech for playback or to be typed into print. It includes digital voice recorders and tape recorders.

The name "Dictaphone" is a trademark of the American Graphophone Company, but it has also become a common term for all dictation machines, as a genericized trademark.
Takashi Kanai
Takashi Kanai (金井 貢史, Kanai Takashi; born 5 February 1990) is a Japanese former professional football player who played as a full-back.

A journeyman defender, Kanai made over 160 appearances in the J1 League.

Sagan Tosu
Sagan Tosu (サガン鳥栖, Sagan Tosu) is a Japanese professional football club based in Tosu, Saga Prefecture. The club plays in the J2 League, the second tier of Japanese football, since 2025 following relegation from the J1 League in 2024.

Sagan is a coined word with various suggested ideas behind where the name came from. One of its homophones is sandstone (砂岩, sagan) in Japanese. This symbolises many small elements uniting to form one formidable object, for example as a metaphor for a team. Also, Sagan Tosu can be interpreted as "Tosu of Saga (Prefecture)" (佐賀ん鳥栖, Saga-n Tosu) in the area's dialect.
Matías Ríos
Matías Ríos (February 24, 1895 – July, 1924) was a Cuban professional baseball shortstop, third baseman and center fielder in the Negro leagues and Cuban League during the 1910s and 1920s.

A native of Sagua la Grande, Cuba, Ríos made his Negro leagues debut in 1915 with the Cuban Stars (West). With the exception of the 1918 season, he played for the Stars through 1924. Ríos also played in the Cuban League for the Leopardos de Santa Clara in 1923 and 1924. He died in 1924 at age 29.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
Deaths in April 2008
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2008.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

2008 Weliveriya bombing
7°02′00″N 80°01′00″E﻿ / ﻿7.0333°N 80.0167°E﻿ / 7.0333; 80.0167

On 6 April 2008, 15 people were killed by an alleged suicide bomber, who exploded himself at the start of a marathon race which was part of the Sinhala and Tamil New Year celebration in Weliweriya town, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka's national athletics coach Lakshman de Alwis, politician Jeyaraj Fernandopulle, former Olympics runner K.A. Karunaratne and army officer Lt Colonel Udayadeera were killed in the bombing which wounded 90 others. The Sri Lankan Government has blamed the Tamil Tigers for this attack because Minister Fernandopulle was a vocal critic of the Tamil Tigers.
1992 in American television
In 1992, television in the United States saw a number of significant events, including the debuts, finales, and cancellations of television shows; the launch, closure, and rebranding of channels; changes and additions to network affiliations by stations; controversies, business transactions, and carriage disputes; and the deaths of individuals who had made notable contributions to the medium.

Carriage dispute
A carriage dispute is a disagreement over the right to "carry", that is, retransmit, a broadcaster's signal. Carriage disputes first occurred between broadcasters and cable companies and now include direct broadcast satellite and other multichannel video programming distributors.

These disputes often involve financial compensation – what the distributor pays the television station or network for the right to carry the signal – as well as what channels the distributor is permitted or required to retransmit and how the distributor offers those channels to its subscribers. While most carriage disputes are resolved without controversy or notice, others have involved programming blackouts, both threatened and real, as well as strident public relations campaigns. Carriage disputes have occurred both in the United States and internationally.  Cord-cutting has lessened the impact as more people move from traditional distributors to streaming media services.
Filippo Mordani
Filippo Mordani (8 September 1797, Ravenna – 20 September 1886, Forlì) was an Italian writer and nationalist. The state primary school in the centre of Ravenna is named after him – it houses a 2009 inscription and a 2014 bust of him.

Forlì
Forlì (/fɔːrˈliː/ for-LEE; Italian: [forˈli] ⓘ; Romagnol: Furlè [furˈlɛ]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.

The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the east of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forlì (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Medicine, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
Fortúatha
Fortúath is an Old Irish word meaning "external people". It denotes a people within a kingdom that were free but neither eligible for the kingship nor involved in choosing the king.

The term can also be used to refer to the territory occupied by such peoples.

Conmaicne
The Conmaicne (Old Irish pronunciation: [ˈkɔnˠˌβ̃ɑkʲːnʲɛ]; Modern Irish: Conmhaicne)  were a people of early Ireland, perhaps related to the Laigin, who dispersed to various parts of Ireland. They settled in Connacht and Longford, giving their name to several Conmaicne territories. T. F. O'Rahilly's assertion the Conmaicne were non-Goidelic is not widely accepted.
Leicester and Swannington Railway
The Leicester and Swannington Railway (L&SR) was one of England's first railways, built to bring coal from West Leicestershire collieries to Leicester, where there was great industrial demand for coal. The line opened in 1832, and included a tunnel over a mile in length, and two rope-worked inclined planes; elsewhere it was locomotive-operated, and it carried passengers.

When it was built, the L&SR was the only railway in the area, but the Midland Railway (MR) was formed and had a main line through Leicester, opened in 1840 and its directors decided to acquire the L&SR. They made a generous offer and they took possession in 1847. At first the Midland Railway line and the L&SR were not connected, but the Midland Railway constructed a route from its main line to Burton, using part of the L&SR. The MR by-passed the inclines for its new route, but most of the other parts of the L&SR continued in use until 1966. The MR Burton line continues in use at the present day.

Whitwick
Whitwick /ˈwɪtɪk/ is a large village and civil parish in the North West Leicestershire district of Leicestershire, England, some two miles north of Coalville in the northwest of the county. It lies in an ancient parish which formerly included the equally historic villages of Thringstone and Swannington. Whitwick is situated 4 miles southwest of Shepshed, 6 miles east of Ashby-de-la-Zouch and 8 miles west-southwest of Loughborough.

It was an important manor in the Middle Ages, which once included Bardon and Markfield, parts of Hugglescote, Donington le Heath, Ratby, Bocheston, Newtown Unthank and Whittington. As early as 1293, Whitwick had a weekly market and a four-day fair. The population of Whitwick, according to the 2001 census was 10,815 persons. 8,092 of these fell into the 16–74 working age range, although only 4,689 were employed. The population of the village at the 2011 census had fallen to 8,612.
Khujut Rabu
Khujut Rabu' (Arabic: خوجوت رابه) is a local area to the South-East of Baghdad, Iraq, near the town of the present-day Salman Pak. Also Khujut Rabua. Until 637 AD, this was the location of Ctesiphon and Seleucia on the Tigris. This area was the capital city of Iran, also known as Persia, and by the Romans as Ariana; during the Selucid, Parthian and Sasanian dynasties. Modern excavations of these two ancient cities have provided many artifacts from ancient times, including the alleged Baghdad Battery. Modern tourists can still visit Taq Kasra (the Arch of Ctesiphon).

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
2022 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles
Liudmila Samsonova defeated Zheng Qinwen in the final, 7–5, 7–5 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Pan Pacific Open. She did not drop a set en route to her third title of the season. By reaching her first WTA Tour final as a 19-year-old, Zheng became the first Chinese teenager to contest a WTA singles final.

Naomi Osaka was the defending champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but withdrew from her second round match against Beatriz Haddad Maia.

Zheng Qinwen
Zheng Qinwen (born 8 October 2002) is a Chinese professional tennis player. She has been ranked world No. 4 by the WTA, achieved in June 2025, and is only the second Chinese player to reach the top 5 in women's singles after Li Na. Zheng has won five career singles titles, including the gold medal at the 2024 Paris Olympics, becoming the first Asian tennis player to win an Olympic gold medal in singles.

Zheng won her first WTA Tour tournament in 2023 at the Palermo Ladies Open defeating Jasmine Paolini, successfully defending the title the following year. In total, she has won four WTA Tour titles, one WTA Challenger title, and eight ITF singles titles, and was named the 2022 WTA Newcomer of the Year and the 2023 WTA Most Improved Player of the Year. She contested a major final at the 2024 Australian Open.
North West Film Archive
The North West Film Archive (NWFA, established 1977) in Manchester, is a moving image collection for the North West of England.

The archive cares for 35,000 items ranging in date from the pioneer days of film in the mid-1890s to video productions of the present day. The work of both the professional and the amateur is collected. The NWFA is a part of the Learning and Research Information Services (library) at Manchester Metropolitan University and is located in Archives+ at Manchester Central Library.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
William Wiley (cricketer)
William Gordon Antony Wiley (14 November 1931 – 7 December 1999) was a South African first-class cricketer.

Wiley was born at St James in Cape Town. He later travelled to England to study at Lincoln College, Oxford. While at Oxford he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Gloucestershire at Oxford in 1952. He made twelve first-class appearances for Oxford in 1952, scoring 580 runs at an average of 27.61, with a high score of 100. This score, which was his only first-class century, came against Sussex at Worthing. During the 1952 season, he also played minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire, making a single appearance against Berkshire in the Minor Counties Championship. Returning to South Africa, Wiley made four first-class appearances for Western Province in the 1952/53 and 1953/54 seasons. He later emigrated to Zimbabwe, where he died at Harare in December 1999. His brother was the cricketer and politician John Wiley.

University Parks
The Oxford University Parks, commonly referred to locally as the University Parks, or just The Parks, is a large parkland area slightly northeast of the city centre in Oxford, England.  The park is bounded to the east by the River Cherwell, though a small plot of land called Mesopotamia sits between the upper and lower levels of the river. To the north of the parks are Norham Gardens (with large houses including Gunfield backing onto the park) and Lady Margaret Hall,  to the west the Parks Road, and the Science Area on South Parks Road to the south. The park is open to the public during the day, and has gardens, large sports fields, and exotic plants. It includes a cricket ground used by Oxford University Cricket Club.