hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aorsi
The Aorsi, known in Greek sources as the Aorsoi (Ἄορσοι), were an ancient Iranian people of the Sarmatian group, who played a major role in the events of the Pontic Steppe from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD.

They are often regarded as connected to the contemporaneous Eurasian steppe state of Yancai (or Yentsai) mentioned in ancient Chinese records. The Alans, first mentioned by Middle Eastern and European scholars in the 1st century AD, are regarded as successors of the Aorsi.

Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Tacitus's two major historical works, Annals (Latin: Annales) and the Histories (Latin: Historiae), originally formed a continuous narrative of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus (14 AD) to the end of Domitian's reign (96 AD). The surviving portions of the Annals focus on the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD).

Tacitus's other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola (the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain), mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
The Merchant of Venice (1923 film)
The Merchant of Venice  (German: Der Kaufmann von Venedig) is a 1923 German silent drama film directed by Peter Paul Felner and starring Werner Krauss, Henny Porten and Harry Liedtke. The film is an adaptation of William Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice. It was released in the United States in 1926 as The Jew of Mestri. The film was made on location in Venice, with scenes and characters added which were not in the original play. This is the surviving copy, being two reels shorter than the German version. The characters in the German retained Shakespeare's nomenclature, but in the American they were given new names sourced from the Italian work Il Pecorone, a 14th-century short story collection attributed to Giovanni Fiorentino, from which Shakespeare is believed to have drawn his idea. The film purports to be a return to the original, as an excuse for its differences from the play.

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.
Chase Osborn
Chase Salmon Osborn (January 22, 1860 – April 11, 1949) was an American politician, newspaper reporter and publisher, and explorer. He served as the 27th governor of Michigan from 1911 to 1913. The governor spent time at Possum Poke in Georgia, using it as a retreat and a place to write. He died there on April 11, 1949, aged 89.

Governor of Michigan
The governor of Michigan is the head of government of the U.S. state of Michigan. The current governor is Gretchen Whitmer, a member of the Democratic Party, who was inaugurated on January 1, 2019, as the state's 49th governor. She was re-elected to serve a second term in 2022. The governor is elected to a four-year term and is limited to two terms.
Torrance Zellner
Torrance A. Zellner (born January 6, 1970, in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American track and field athlete who won bronze medals in the 400 meter hurdles at the 1991 and 1999 Pan American Games. At the 1999 Pan American Games he also won a bronze medal in 4 × 400 m relay. He finished eighth at the 1999 World Championships in Seville.

His personal best time was 48.18 seconds, achieved in August 1996 in Zürich.

1999 World Championships in Athletics
The 7th World Championships in Athletics (Spanish: Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 1999), a World Athletic Championships event held under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, Seville, Spain, between the August 20 and August 29.

One of the main highlights of the games was the world record set in the 400 metres by Michael Johnson of the United States in a time of 43.18 seconds.
Lee Han-sol
Lee Han-sol (Korean: 이한솔; born 23 August 1995) is a South Korean handball player for SK Sugar Gliders and the South Korean national team.

She participated at the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship in Spain.

2021 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2021 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 25th event by the International Handball Federation, was held in Spain from 1 to 19  December 2021. On 18 October 2018, at a congress in Doha, Qatar, the IHF announced that the World Championship would be expanded from 24 teams to 32 teams from 2021 onwards.

The Netherlands were the defending champions after winning for the first time in 2019. However, they finished third in their main round group and failed to qualify for the quarterfinals.

Norway defeated France to win their fourth title. Denmark captured the bronze medal by winning against Spain.
Social and cultural exchange in al-Andalus
Muslims, Christians, and Jews co-existed for over seven centuries in the Iberian Peninsula during the era of Al-Andalus states. The degree to which the Christians and the Jews were tolerated by their Muslim rulers is a subject widely contested among historians. The history of Al-Andalus indicates that Muslims, Christians, and Jews who lived within Al-Andalus had relatively peaceful relations, with the exception of a few scattered revolts, and times of religious persecution. The great amount of cultural and social interaction that took place between these three distinct social and religious groups led to the creation of a unique and diverse culture that continued to flourish even after the Reconquista.

Hasdai ibn Shaprut
Hasdai ibn Shaprut (Hebrew: חסדאי אבן שפרוט; Arabic: حسداي بن شبروط, romanized: Abu Yusuf ibn Shaprut), also known as Abu Yusuf ben Yitzhak ben Ezra, was a Jewish scholar, physician, diplomat, and patron of science in medieval al-Andalus (c. 915–970).

He served as a minister at the court of Caliph Abd al-Rahman III of Córdoba, where he was responsible for foreign affairs and diplomacy. Renowned for his medical expertise, most famously for treating the obesity of Sancho of León, he is also remembered for overseeing the Arabic translation of De Materia Medica by Dioscorides, which became a cornerstone of medieval pharmacology.
Lie Exposed
Lie Exposed is a 2019 Canadian drama film, directed by Jerry Ciccoritti. An adaptation of Jeff Kober's theatrical play Pornography, the film stars Leslie Hope as Melanie, a woman who responds to a cancer diagnosis by abandoning her husband Frank (Bruce Greenwood) to go to California and pose nude for a tintype photographer (Kober), before returning home to Toronto when the photographs are slated to be exhibited in a gallery show.

The film's cast also includes Benjamin Ayres, Megan Follows, Kris Holden-Ried, David Hewlett, Grace Lynn Kung, Daniel Maslany, Kristin Lehman and Tony Nappo.

The film premiered in November 2019 at the Windsor International Film Festival.

Tony Nappo
Antonio Nappo is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his roles in Four Brothers, Saw II, Land of the Dead, Bad Blood, and Born to be Blue. He also is the voice of Jimmy Falcone (McDougal) in Fugget About It.
Catherine Charlebois
Catherine Charlebois (born July 16, 1987) is an American Broadway actress originally from Andover, Massachusetts. She is best known for her portrayal of Nessarose Thropp in the musical Wicked. She currently resides in Virginia.

Andover, Massachusetts
Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and incorporated in 1646. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,569. It is located 20 miles (32 km) north of Boston and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Lawrence. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Andover. It is twinned with its namesake: Andover, Hampshire, England.
NGC 4637
NGC 4637 is a lenticular galaxy located in the Virgo constellation, originally discovered by  R.J. Mitchell on March 1, 1854. It is a member of the Virgo Cluster, and is located in the sky very close to the brighter and larger galaxy NGC 4638, which historically led to some confusion upon discovery and later observations.

R. J. Mitchell (astronomer)
R. J. Mitchell, active in astronomy in the 1850s, was an assistant to William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse. He studied at Queen's College, Galway and was employed as a scientific assistant to Lord Rosse in 1853. He also taught the sons of Lord Rosse.

Mitchell was a talented observer and drawer who made many discoveries with Lord Rosse's 72-inch telescope, and it has been suggested that many of the discoveries claimed by Lord Rosse were actually made by Mitchell. After leaving the employ of Lord Rosse in May 1858, Mitchell began a career in the Irish civil service.
The Bewitching Braid (novel)
The Bewitching Braid (Portuguese: A Trança Feiticeira) is a 1993 novel by Henrique de Senna Fernandes, of Macau. It was written originally in Portuguese and published by Fundação Oriente. The English translation of this novel was published by Hong Kong University Press in 2004, with translation by David Brookshaw. The Chinese translation, Dà Biànzi de Yòuhuò (大辮子的誘惑), translated by Yu Hui Yuan, was published by the Macau Cultural Affairs Bureau (澳門文化司署) in 1996.

The novel was adapted into a 1996 film, The Bewitching Braid.

According to Brookshaw, the novel was "politically correct" as the Handover of Macau was imminent. Brookshaw compared the plot to that of Escrava Isaura.

Hong Kong University Press
Hong Kong University Press (abbreviated as HKU Press) is the university press of the University of Hong Kong. It was established in 1956 and publishes more than 50 titles per year in both Chinese and English. Most works in English are on cultural studies, film and media studies, Chinese history and culture.
Bombo (musical)
Bombo is a Broadway musical with a book and lyrics by Harold Atteridge and music by Sigmund Romberg.

Produced by Lee Shubert and J. J. Shubert, the Broadway production, staged by J. C. Huffman, opened on October 6, 1921, at the Jolson's 59th Street Theatre, where it ran for 219 performances.  The cast included Al Jolson and Janet Adair.

The musical has a thin story designed to showcase Jolson, who was at the height of his popularity. Songs were added by several composers during the run of the show so that, by the end of the run, there were more songs by composers other than Romberg than by him. The success of the musical on Broadway led to a national tour.

Lee Shubert
Lee Shubert (born Levi Schubart; March 25, 1871 – December 25, 1953) was a Lithuanian-born American theatre owner/operator and producer. He was the eldest of three brothers of the notable Shubert family.
Old Cariboo Highway
The Old Cariboo Highway is a portion of the historic Cariboo Highway near Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.  It runs northward from its junction with Highway 97 just south of Prince George, and terminates at the Yellowhead Highway just east of Prince George. It is formerly signed as Highway 97A.

Traffic along the Old Cariboo Highway is light and it serves primarily as the main road for the Pineview area of Prince George, passing next to Pineview Elementary School and the Prince George Airport.

Prince George, British Columbia
Prince George is a city in British Columbia, Canada, situated at the confluence of the Fraser and Nechako rivers. The city itself has a population of 76,708; the metro census agglomeration has a population of 89,490. It is often called the province's "northern capital" because it serves as a centre for higher education, health care, government services, arts and entertainment, sports, and support for major industries such as forest products and mining.
Ewen MacPherson of Cluny
Ewen MacPherson of Cluny, known as "Cluny Macpherson" (11 February 1706 – 30 January 1764), was the Chief of Clan MacPherson during the Jacobite Rising of 1745. He took part as a leading supporter of Prince Charles Edward Stuart. After the rebellion was crushed, he went into hiding and eventually escaped to France. He was the uncle of poet James Macpherson, who collected, translated, and adapted the epic poem Ossian, based upon the Fenian Cycle of Celtic mythology.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
Barnfield (surname)
Barnfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Graham Barnfield (born 1969), British academic and pundit

Kacey Barnfield (born 1988), English actress

Richard Barnfield (1574–1620), English poet

Robert C. Barnfield (1856–1893), English painter

Kacey Clarke
Kacey Louisa Barnfield (born 14 January 1988), also credited as Kacey Clarke, is an English actress. As a teenager she played Maddie Gilks in the long-running British television series Grange Hill, on which she was in six series. As an adult, her roles have included Crystal in the American action film Resident Evil: Afterlife, and Katie Sutherland in British comedy The Inbetweeners. In 2014, Clarke was listed as number 99 in FHM's 100 sexiest women in the world.
Archery at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Mixed team
The mixed team archery event is one of five archery events held at the 2024 Summer Olympics. It was held at Les Invalides, with the ranking round taking place on 25 July and match play on 2 August. This was the second consecutive appearance of the event, which has been held every Games since 2020.

Les Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides (French: [o.tɛl dez ɛ̃valid]; French for 'House of Invalids'), commonly called les Invalides ([lez ɛ̃valid]; lit. 'the Invalids'), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as well as a hospital and an old soldiers' retirement home, the building's original purpose. The buildings house the Musée de l'Armée, the museum of the Army of France, the Musée des Plans-Reliefs, and the Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine. The complex also includes the Cathedral of Saint-Louis-des-Invalides, the national cathedral of the French military. It is adjacent to the Royal Chapel known as the Dôme des Invalides, the tallest church building in Paris at a height of 107 metres (351 ft). The latter has been converted into a shrine to some of France's leading military figures, most notably the tomb of Napoleon.
Des Connor
Desmond Michael Connor (born 9 August 1935 in Ashgrove, Queensland) is an Australian former rugby union player and coach. He played for both the Australia and New Zealand national teams, and later coached Australia. He is an inductee in the Australian Rugby Union Hall of Fame.

Rugby Australia
Rugby Australia Ltd, previously named Australian Rugby Union Limited and Australian Rugby Football Union Limited, is an Australian company operating the premier rugby union competition in Australia and teams. It has its origins in 1949. It is a member of World Rugby. Rugby Australia has eight member unions, representing each state and the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory. It also manages national representative rugby union teams, including the Wallabies and the Wallaroos.
Mungurrawuy Yunupingu
Mungurrawuy Yunupingu (1907–1979), known mononymously among his people as Mungurrawuy,  was a Aboriginal Australian artist and leader of the Gumatj clan of the Yolngu people of northeastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. He was known for his bark paintings and for his involvement in the Yirrkala church panels and the Yirrkala bark petitions of 1963.

Art Gallery of New South Wales
The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most important public gallery in Sydney and one of the largest in Australia.

The gallery's first public exhibition opened in 1874. Admission is free to the general exhibition space, which displays Australian art (including Indigenous Australian art), European and Asian art. A dedicated Asian Gallery was opened in 2003.
Methylestradiol
Methylestradiol, sold under the brand names Ginecosid, Ginecoside, Mediol, and Renodiol, is an estrogen medication which is used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. It is formulated in combination with normethandrone, a progestin and androgen/anabolic steroid medication. Methylestradiol is taken by mouth.

Side effects of methylestradiol include nausea, breast tension, edema, and breakthrough bleeding among others. It is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol.

Methylestradiol is or has been marketed in Brazil, Venezuela, and Indonesia. In addition to its use as a medication, methylestradiol has been studied for use as a radiopharmaceutical for the estrogen receptor.

Biological target
A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function. Examples of common classes of biological targets are proteins and nucleic acids. The definition is context-dependent, and can refer to the biological target of a  pharmacologically active drug compound, the receptor target of a hormone (like insulin), or some other target of an external stimulus.  Biological targets are most commonly proteins such as enzymes, ion channels, and receptors, but in recent years DNA's and RNA's became more targeted than in the past.
Hristina Joshevska
Hristina Joshevska (Macedonian: Христина Јошевска; born 27 December 2000) is a Macedonian footballer who plays as a defender for 1. liga club Kamenica Sasa and the North Macedonia women's national team.

Macedonian Women's Football Championship
The Macedonian Women's League (Macedonian: 1. лига - Жени, romanized: 1. liga - Ženi, lit. 'first league for women') is a women's football league of North Macedonia.

The winning team of the league qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League.
Pseudocordylus melanotus
Pseudocordylus melanotus, also known as the common crag lizard or Highveld crag lizard, is a species of lizard found in Eswatini, Lesotho, and South Africa. Pseudocordylus subviridis is considered a distinct species by the Reptile Database, but a subspecies of Pseudocordylus melanotus by IUCN.

Pseudocordylus melanotus an ovoviviparous lizard, tolerant of temperatures no lower than –5 °C, and consequently occurring on rocky outcrops, hills and mountains throughout southern Africa. Various subspecies are found in the inland mountains of the Eastern Cape (Amatole–Great Winterberg) and Cape Fold Mountains, the Natal and Transvaal Drakensberg and foothills, Lesotho and Eswatini with an isolated population at Suikerbosrand, and also at the Magaliesberg which geologically is part of the Transvaal Drakensberg. The type specimen was collected by the Scots zoologist Andrew Smith in 1838 in the hills between the main branches of the Orange River east of Philippolis, Orange Free State.

Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve
Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve is a protected area which encompasses most of the Suikerbosrand Range, South Africa. It is one of Gauteng's most frequented ecotourism locations,  located approximately 50 kilometres south-east of Johannesburg, just west of the town of Heidelberg in the upper catchment of the Klip and Suikerbosrand rivers. The altitude varies between 1,545 and 1,917 m (5,069 and 6,289 ft) above sea level.

The reserve, which is 134 km2 (52 sq mi), hosts a representative sample of the fauna and flora of the rocky highveld grassland biome. Its boundaries include hiking trails, and tarred circular route for motorists.
Greek tragedy
Greek tragedy (Ancient Greek: τραγῳδία, romanized: tragōidía) is one of the three principal theatrical genres from Ancient Greece and Greek-inhabited Anatolia, along with comedy and the satyr play. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy.

Greek tragedy is widely believed to be an extension of the ancient rites carried out in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and theatre, and it greatly influenced the theatre of Ancient Rome and the Renaissance. Tragic plots were most often based upon myths from the oral traditions of archaic epics. In tragic theatre, however, these narratives were presented by actors. The most acclaimed Greek tragedians are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. These tragedians often explored many themes of human nature, mainly as a way of connecting with the audience but also as way of bringing the audience into the play.

Oedipus at Colonus
Oedipus at Colonus (also Oedipus Coloneus; Ancient Greek: Οἰδίπους ἐπὶ Κολωνῷ, Oidipous epi Kolōnō) is the second of the three Theban plays of the Athenian tragedian Sophocles.  It was written shortly before Sophocles's death in 406 BC and produced by his grandson (also called Sophocles) at the Festival of Dionysus in 401 BC.

In the timeline of the plays, the events of Oedipus at Colonus occur after Oedipus Rex and before Antigone; however, it was the last of Sophocles's three Theban plays to be written. The play describes the end of Oedipus's tragic life. Legends differ as to the site of Oedipus's death; Sophocles set the place at Colonus, a village near Athens and also Sophocles's own birthplace, where the blinded Oedipus has come with his daughters Antigone and Ismene as suppliants of the Erinyes and of Theseus, the king of Athens.
Leticia Cáceres
Leticia Cáceres is an Argentine-born Australian stage and film director. She is co-founder of RealTV theatre company, based in Melbourne.

Cáceres has worked across theatre, television, and film, gaining recognition for her work on productions such as The Drover’s Wife and Bump. In recent years, she has transitioned into television directing, with credits including Spooky Files, Rock Island Mysteries, and Royal Flying Doctors.

Cáceres has also directed several films, including the short Wild, which won the Gold Lion Award for Best First-Time Director at the London Film Awards.

Erotic Stories
Erotic Stories is an Australian anthology television series aired on SBS Television and SBS on Demand. Premiering on 26 October 2023, season 1 consisted of eight half-hour stories each scripted by a different writer.
Sarasiyab, Khuzestan
Sarasiyab (Persian: سراسياب, also Romanized as Sarāsīyāb) is a village in Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District, Seydun District, Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, there were 600 people, from 99 families.

Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District
Seydun-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان صيدون جنوبی) is in Ala District of Seydun County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Alad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Rudzir.