hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2014
The Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2014 (S. 2258) was a bill that would have, beginning on December 1, 2014, increase the rates of veterans' disability compensation, additional compensation for dependents, the clothing allowance for certain disabled veterans, and dependency and indemnity compensation for surviving spouses and children. This is a cost of living increase.

The bill was introduced into the United States Senate during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
Istanbul University Faculty of Economics
Istanbul University Faculty of Economics is recognized as the first educational institution in Turkey to be designated specifically as a Faculty of Economics. This faculty, part of Istanbul University—the oldest and largest university in the country, established in 1453—was founded on December 14, 1936. It is situated on the Beyazıt Campus of Istanbul University.

Beyazıt Square
Beyazıt Square (Turkish: Beyazıt Meydanı) lies to the north of Ordu Caddesi in the district of Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. Officially named Freedom Square (Hürriyet Meydanı), it is more generally known as Beyazıt Square after the early Ottoman Bayezid II Mosque on one side. The square is the former site of the Forum of Theodosius (AKA Forum Tauri) built by Constantine the Great. In 1960 with the proposal of Turgut Cansever, Beyazıt Square was given a new form but the project was not completed. In 2022 Beyazit Square was entirely re-organised according to the urban design project prepared by Ali Kural and Deniz Çalış Kural.
The Endless Road
The Endless Road (German: Der Unendliche Weg) is a 1943 German biographical film directed by Hans Schweikart and starring Eugen Klöpfer, Eva Immermann and Hedwig Wangel. It portrays the life of Friedrich List, a German who emigrated to the United States in the nineteenth century. Unusually the film was overtly pro-American at a time when the two countries were at war. This was possibly because the Nazi leadership hoped to shortly join the Americans in an anti-Soviet alliance and wanted to encourage warmer feelings between the two nations. Another pro-American (and anti-British) film about Thomas Paine was planned, but never made.

It was made by Bavaria Film, one of the four major German film companies of the era. The film's sets were designed by the art director Hans Sohnle.

Pro-Americanism
Pro-Americanism (also called pro-American sentiment and Americophilia) describes support, love, or admiration for the United States, its government and economic system, its foreign policy, the American people, and/or American culture, typically on the part of people who are not American citizens or otherwise living outside of the United States. In this sense, it differs from Americanism (American patriotism), which can generally only be adhered to by American citizens or residents, although adherents of any of these may subscribe to overlapping concepts, such as American exceptionalism. Pro-Americanism is contrasted with Anti-Americanism, which is the fear or hatred of things American.
Faro River
The Faro River is a 310-kilometre-long (190 mi) river that flows over the Nigeria–Cameroon border in Africa. Its source is on the Adamawa Plateau, which lies southeast of Ngaoundéré, in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon. A tributary of the Benue River, they meet on the border.

Ngaoundéré
Ngaoundéré or N'Gaoundéré (Fula: N'gamdere, نغَمْدٜرٜ‎, 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅) is the capital of the Adamawa Region of Cameroon. It had a population of 152,700 at the 2005 census. According to the film Les Mairuuwas – Maitre de l'eau produced by the University of Tromsø, the population has rapidly risen to 1,200,000 (as of October 2023) owing to mass immigration from the Central African Republic and the perceived danger from Boko Haram in northern Cameroon.

The city lies at the northern end of the railway to Yaoundé and is also home to Ngaoundéré Airport. Attractions in the city include the Lamido Palace and the Lamido Grand Mosque. The town is named after a nearby mountain on its eponymous plateau; the mountain's name is the Mbum word for "navel mountain". "Ngaou" mean mountain in Mbum,  and "Ndare" mean navel in Mbum language. Because of this some people call the navel of Adamwa. Mount Ngaoundéré is rockey. On the top of mountain, large stone lies on it. Ngaoundéré is close to Lake Tison.
Geassájávri
Geassájávri (Northern Sami), Kesänki (Kven), or Store Sommervann (Norwegian) is a lake in Deatnu-Tana Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 5.66-square-kilometre (2.19 sq mi) lake lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of the village of Tana bru and the Tana River.

Finnmark
Finnmark (Norwegian: [ˈfɪ̀nːmɑrk] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Finnmárku [ˈfinːˌmaːrːhkuː]; Kven: Finmarkku; Finnish: Finnmarkin lääni; Russian: Финнмарк) is a county in northern Norway. By land, it borders Troms county to the west, Finland's Lapland region to the south, and Russia's Murmansk Oblast to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean) to the north and northeast.

The county was formerly known as Finmarkens amt or Vardøhus amt. Since 2002, it has had two official names: Finnmark (Norwegian) and Finnmárku (Northern Sami). It is part of the Sápmi region, which spans four countries, as well as the Barents Region, and is Norway's second-largest and least populous county.

In January 2020, Finnmark merged with the neighbouring county of Troms to form Troms og Finnmark county. In January 2024, the counties of Finnmark and Troms were restored after parliament decided in June 2022 to separate them.
Computational finance
Computational finance is a branch of applied computer science that deals with problems of practical interest in finance. Some slightly different definitions are the study of data and algorithms currently used in finance and the mathematics of computer programs that realize financial models or systems.

Computational finance emphasizes practical numerical methods rather than mathematical proofs and focuses on techniques that apply directly to economic analyses. It is an interdisciplinary field between mathematical finance and numerical methods. Two major areas are efficient and accurate computation of fair values of financial securities and the modeling of stochastic time series.

Stochastic
Stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/; from Ancient Greek  στόχος (stókhos) 'aim, guess') is the property of being well-described by a random probability distribution. Stochasticity and randomness are technically distinct concepts. Stochasticity refers to a modeling approach, while randomness describes phenomena. These terms are often used interchangeably. In probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.

Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including actuarial science, image processing, signal processing, computer science, information theory, telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics,  music, media, colour theory,  botany, manufacturing and geomorphology.
Women in Poland
The character of Polish women is shaped by Poland's history, culture, and politics. Poland has a long history of feminist activism, and was one of the first nations in Europe to enact women's suffrage. It is also strongly influenced by the conservative social views of the Catholic Church.

Gabriela Zapolska
Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska (1857–1921), known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Polish novelist, playwright, naturalist writer, feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress. Zapolska wrote  41 plays, 23 novels, 177 short stories, 252 works of journalism, one film script, and over 1,500 letters.

Zapolska received most recognition for her socio-satirical comedies. Among them, The Morality of Mrs. Dulska – a tragic-farce, satirising ‘respectable’ bourgeois morals, is considered the most famous, and generally regarded as a landmark of early modernist Polish drama. Her stage plays were translated into foreign languages, and performed at Polish and European theatres, as well as adapted for radio and film. Zapolska herself acted on stage in over 200 plays in Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Lwów, Saint Petersburg and Paris.
Happy to Be Here
Happy to Be Here is a collection of short stories by Garrison Keillor, first published in hardcover by Viking in 1981. It is Keillor's first published full-length book. Many of the stories first appeared in magazines Keillor wrote for between 1969 and 1981.

The work focuses mainly on the everyday lives of ordinary people, especially in Minnesota and North Dakota. Among them are musings about trains, baseball, politics, farming, marriage, and the rights of shy people.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Ephrin A4
Ephrin A4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA4 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. This gene encodes an EFNA class ephrin. Three transcript variants that encode distinct proteins have been identified.

Ephrin
Ephrins (also known as ephrin ligands or Eph family receptor interacting proteins) are a family of proteins that serve as the ligands of the Eph receptor. Eph receptors in turn compose the largest known subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (RTKs).

Since ephrin ligands (ephrins) and Eph receptors (Ephs) are both membrane-bound proteins, binding and activation of Eph/ephrin intracellular signaling pathways can only occur via direct cell–cell interaction.  Eph/ephrin signaling regulates a variety of biological processes during embryonic development including the guidance of axon growth cones, formation of tissue boundaries, cell migration, and segmentation. Additionally, Eph/ephrin signaling has been identified to play a critical role in the maintenance of several processes during adulthood including long-term potentiation, angiogenesis, and stem cell differentiation.
Peter Dajnko
Peter Dajnko (23 April 1787 – 22 February 1873) was a Slovene priest, author, and linguist, known primarily as the inventor of the Dajnko alphabet (Slovene: dajnčica), an innovative proposal for the Slovene alphabet. Dajnko was also a proficient beekeeper and wrote the first book about beekeeping in Slovene, titled Čelarstvo (Beekeeping).

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Sergeiy Liminovich
Sergeiy Liminovich is a Soviet sprint canoer who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He won two medals in the C-1 10000 m at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in 1979 and a bronze in 1981.

1981 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1981 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Nottingham, Great Britain.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the sixteenth championships in canoe sprint.
Ryoko Shiraishi
Ryoko Shiraishi (白石 涼子, Shiraishi Ryōko; born September 7, 1982) is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Kashiba, Nara. She is affiliated with Aoni Production.

Possessing a husky voice, Shiraishi voices young to teenage men as well as young girls and teenage women. However, in a break from tradition, one of her most famous roles is the brash and hot-headed Asuka Kazama, who is noted for speaking with a strong Osaka accent, which is one of Shiraishi's specialist skills. She was also formerly a member of the voice acting unit Drops, along with Ai Nonaka, Akemi Kanda, Tomoko Kaneda, and Mariko Kōda.

Shiraishi is also very active in voice dubbing foreign dramas and movies. In particular, she is exclusively in charge of covering Miley Cyrus' roles. Many of her dubbing works are closely relative to the Disney Channel.

Shiraishi married on September 6, 2012, but divorced in 2013.

Kansai dialect
The Kansai dialect (関西弁・関西方言, Kansai-ben, Kansai hōgen; Japanese pronunciation: [kaɰ̃.sai.beɴ, kaɰ̃.sai hoː.ɡeꜜɴ, -ŋeꜜɴ, kaɰ̃.sai hoꜜː.ɡeɴ, -ŋeɴ]ⓘ) is a group of Japanese dialects in the Kansai region (Kinki region) of Japan. In Japanese, Kansai-ben is the common name and it is called Kinki dialect (近畿方言, Kinki-hōgen) in technical terms. The dialects of Kyoto and Osaka are known as Kamigata dialect (上方言葉, Kamigata kotoba; or Kamigata-go (上方語)), and were particularly referred to as such in the Edo period. The Kansai dialect is typified by the speech of Osaka, the major city of Kansai, which is referred to specifically as Osaka-ben. It is characterized as being both more melodic and harsher by speakers of the standard language.
Ett liv med dig (album)
Ett liv med dig is a 2007 album by Swedish band the Drifters. The album peaked at 31st position at the Swedish album chart.

On the album, songs are written by songwriters like Thomas G:son, Calle Kindbom, Anders Glenmark, Calle Lösnitz, Ulf Georgsson and Lasse Holm. The song "Love is in Your Eyes" is performed by the band's main vocalist Erika Sjöström as a duet with Casper Janebrink from Arvingarna. The album also consists of recordings of songs like "Ännu en dag", performed by Anne-Lie Rydé, at Melodifestivalen 2005, as well as the Ann-Louise Hanson song "Don't Slam the Door".

Ulf Georgsson
Ulf Georg Georgsson (22 April 1962 – 23 March 2024) was a Swedish songwriter, who participated at Melodifestivalen as a songwriter, and wrote songs recorded by, among others, Lasse Stefanz, Vikingarna, Playtones, Drifters, Zekes, CC & Lee, Black Jack, Barbados, Friends and Frøya.
Patrick Rampillon
Patrick Rampillon (born 4 July 1955) is a retired French football player who played for SO Cholet, Stade Reims, AS Saint-Étienne and Rennes.

After retiring as a player, Rampillon enjoyed a career as a coach at Rennes youth academy. He managed the first team in 1987, then became the academy's director.

SO Cholet
Stade Olympique Choletais is a French association football team founded in 1913. The club is based in Cholet, Pays de la Loire and play at Omnisports Stadium, which has a capacity of 9,000 spectators. They currently play in the Régional 3, the eighth tier of French football.
2022 Colorado State Treasurer election
The 2022 Colorado State Treasurer election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the Colorado State Treasurer. Incumbent Democratic Treasurer Dave Young won re-election to a second term, improving on his 2018 results.

2018 Colorado elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Colorado on November 6, 2018. All of Colorado's executive offices and all seven of its seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election. Democrats swept every statewide election on the ballot, leaving the at-large seat on the University of Colorado Board of Regents and the Class 2 U.S. Senate seat as the last statewide offices held by Republicans.
Abra de Río Frío Natural Monument
The Abra de Río Frío Natural Monument (Spanish: Monumento Natural Abra de Río Frío) Is a protected natural space located in the municipality of San Cristóbal, in the state of Táchira, Venezuela. Received the status of natural monument on February 18, 1993.

The natural space aims to protect the geological and orographic structure of the open cold river, the only natural step through the Andean Cordilleras, linking the high western plains and tectonic Táchira depression.

The area is of a very populated vegetation, whose flora plays a regulating role of the microclimatic conditions in its surroundings. Close to its borders, which extend to the banks of the river Uribante, join the rivers Frío and Quinimari.

The natural area also protects the transitability of the road that connects San Cristóbal with the regions of the Uribante.

Natural monument
A natural monument is a natural or cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. They can be natural geological and geographical features such as waterfalls, cliffs, craters, fossil, sand dunes, rock forms, valleys and coral reefs. Locations important to faith groups may be considered natural monuments. Archeological and historical sites linked to the natural environment are also included, such as cave art. This is especially true when relevant to the land of Indigenous Peoples.
Clwyd Football League
The Clwyd Football League was a football league formed in 1974 as an amalgamation of the Dyserth League and the Halkyn Mountain League.  The top division was at different periods at the second, third and fourth levels of the Welsh football league system in North Wales. The league ran until 2011 when a split led to the formation of the Clwyd East Football League comprising Flintshire teams under the North East Wales Football Association and the Vale of Clwyd and Conwy Football League, made up of Denbighshire, Conwy county and Vale of Conwy sides, under the North Wales Coast Football Association.

Welsh football league system
The Welsh football league system (or pyramid) is a series of football leagues with regular promotion and relegation between them.

It consists of four main tiers, as well as lower local leagues.

While most Welsh clubs play in the Welsh pyramid and most clubs in that pyramid are Welsh, five Welsh clubs play in English leagues, and four English clubs play in Welsh leagues.
Nekite River
The Nekite River is a river in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, flowing south to the head of Smith Inlet. Nekite Indian Reserve No. 2 is located at the mouth of the river and is one of the many reserves of the Gwa'sala-'Nakwaxda'xw Nations band government located in the area of Smith Sound, of which Smith Inlet is the uppermost part.

The Piper River is a tributary of the Nekite, flowing west to meet it at 51°25′34″N 127°04′57″W﻿ / ﻿51.42611°N 127.08250°W﻿ / 51.42611; -127.08250﻿ (Piper River). Piper Lake is an expansion of the Piper River, located a short distance above the confluence at 51°25′15″N 127°01′37″W﻿ / ﻿51.42083°N 127.02694°W﻿ / 51.42083; -127.02694﻿ (Piper Lake).

Smith Inlet (British Columbia)
Smith Inlet is an inlet at the head of Smith Sound on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Smith Inlet and Smith Sound are notable as the home of the Gwaʼsala group of the Kwakwakaʼwakw peoples, who are also known as the Smith Inlet people. Nekite Indian Reserve No. 2, which is under the governance of the Gwaʼsala-ʼNakwaxdaʼxw Nations band government, is located at the head of Smith Inlet, at the mouth of the Nekite River.

Smith Inlet is the childhood home of figure skater and magician Greg Ladret and world and Olympic team member Doug Ladret.
Michigan Wolverines baseball
The Michigan Wolverines baseball team represents the University of Michigan in NCAA Division I college baseball. Along with most other Michigan athletic teams, the baseball team participates in the Big Ten Conference.  They play their home games at Ray Fisher Stadium.

The Wolverines have made the College World Series eight times, winning two national championships in 1953 and 1962. Michigan is the third winningest program in NCAA Division I baseball history, trailing only Fordham and Texas. 
The team is currently coached by Tracy Smith, who replaced Erik Bakich who left Michigan to coach at Clemson.

Fordham Rams baseball
The Fordham Rams baseball team of Fordham University in New York City has been in existence since its first game played against the now-defunct St. Francis Xavier College in Manhattan, the first collegiate baseball game played with nine-man teams as today.

The team's 4,541 wins at the conclusion of the 2021 season are the most of any NCAA Division I baseball team. The Rams have reached six NCAA Tournaments, most recently in 2019.
Primeau Lake
Primeau Lake is a large, irregularly-shaped lake along the course of the Churchill River in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The Churchill River is largely a series of interconnected lakes that begins at Churchill Lake in north-western Saskatchewan and empties into the Hudson Bay at Churchill, Manitoba. The lake is about 56 kilometres (35 mi) north-west of the community of Pinehouse. It is surrounded by boreal forest in the Canadian Shield. The lake was named after Louis Primeau, an 18th century fur trader.

Upstream along the Churchill River is Dipper Lake and downstream is Knee Lake. Primeau Lake 192F Indian reserve is situated at the western shore, near where the Churchill enters the lake. At the eastern end — at the lake's outflow — is Jones Peninsula. The peninsula was named after Archie Walker Jones through the geomemorial naming program, which names geographical features after Canadians who lost theirs lives in the service of Canada.

Pinehouse
Pinehouse (Woods Cree: ᒥᓇᐦᐃᑯ ᐚᐢᑲᐦᐃᑲᓂᕽ, romanized: minahiko-wâskahikanihk, lit. 'at pine house') is a northern village located in the boreal forest of Saskatchewan on the western shore of Pinehouse Lake within the Canadian Shield.

Travelling by road from Pinehouse, the Key Lake mine is 223 kilometres (139 mi) north, Prince Albert is 346 kilometres (215 mi) south, La Ronge is 214 kilometres (133 mi) east and Beauval, the closest community, is 107 kilometres (66 mi) west. Highway 914 passes through the community and Pinehouse is the only established community along this road.

There were 1,074 residents in 2016. Cree was the mother tongue of 630 of the residents in 2011. The mayor of this predominantly Cree community is Mike Natomagan.