hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philipp Friedrich Gmelin
Philipp Friedrich Gmelin (19 August 1721 – 9 May 1768) was a professor of botany and chemistry. He studied the chemistry of antimony and wrote texts on the pancreatic ducts, mineral waters, and botany.

He was a brother of the famous traveler Johann Georg Gmelin. He obtained his Master's degree in 1742, at the University of Tübingen under Burchard Mauchart.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1758.

He was the father of the naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
Christine Graffigne
Christine Graffigne (born 1959) is a French applied mathematician. She is known for her pioneering research on Markov random fields for image analysis, the topic of her 1986 invited address (joint with Stuart Geman) to the International Congress of Mathematicians.

Image analysis
Image analysis or imagery analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.

Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information.  On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers.  For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models.
Inka Grings
Inka Grings (born 31 October 1978) is a German former international footballer who played as a striker. She played sixteen years for FCR 2001 Duisburg before joining FC Zürich Frauen. She also played for the Germany national team. Grings is the second all-time leading goalscorer in Germany's top division, the Frauen-Bundesliga, with 195 goals and claimed the league's top-scorer award for a record six seasons. Playing for Germany, she was the top-scorer at two UEFA European Championships. Grings was named Women's Footballer of the Year (Germany) in 1999, 2009 and 2010.

She is currently the manager of Club Brugge after previously coached FC Zürich and Switzerland national team

Club YLA
Club YLA is Club Brugge's women's section. It was founded in 2000 as the women's division of KSV Jabbeke. In 2010 they started working together with Club Brugge as it was needed to cooperate with a male club in the highest division to become part of the Elite League for women.
Esther Waters (film)
Esther Waters is a 1948 British drama film directed by Ian Dalrymple and Peter Proud and starring Kathleen Ryan, Dirk Bogarde (first credited film appearance), and Cyril Cusack. It is an adaptation of the 1894 novel Esther Waters by George Moore.

George Moore (novelist)
George Augustus Moore (24 February 1852 – 21 January 1933) was an Irish novelist, short-story writer, poet, art critic, memoirist and dramatist. Moore came from a landed family of Catholics who lived at Moore Hall in Carra, County Mayo. He originally wanted to be a painter, and studied art in Paris during the 1870s. There, he befriended many of the leading French artists and writers of the day.

As a naturalistic writer, he was amongst the first English-language authors to absorb the lessons of the French realists, and was particularly influenced by the works of Émile Zola. His writings influenced James Joyce, according to the literary critic and biographer Richard Ellmann, and, although Moore's work is sometimes seen as outside the mainstream of both Irish and British literature, he is as often regarded as the first great modern Irish novelist.
Węgorzyn, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Węgorzyn [vɛnˈɡɔʐɨn] (German: Wangerin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karnice, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Karnice, 11 km (7 mi) north of Gryfice, and 77 km (48 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Gryfice County
Gryfice County (Polish: powiat gryficki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Gryfice, which lies 69 kilometres (43 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Trzebiatów, lying 17 km (11 mi) north of Gryfice, and Płoty, 13 km (8 mi) south of Gryfice.

The county covers an area of 1,018.19 square kilometres (393.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 60,773, out of which the population of Gryfice is 16,702, that of Trzebiatów is 10,113, that of Płoty is 4,142, and the rural population is 29,816.
Dupont Hospital
Dupont Hospital is a 131-bed acute care facility located in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The hospital was opened in 2001 as a joint venture between the Lutheran Health Network and is staffed by more than 260 physicians.

The hospital includes the Dupont Resource Center, which offers lectures, screenings, counseling, and support groups.

Support group
A support group is an organisation wherein members provide each other with various types of help, usually nonprofessional and nonmaterial, for a particular shared, usually burdensome, characteristic. Members with the same issues can come together for sharing coping strategies, to feel more empowered and for a sense of community. The help may take the form of providing and evaluating relevant information, relating personal experiences, listening to and accepting others' experiences, providing sympathetic understanding and establishing social networks. A support group may also work to inform the public or engage in advocacy.
Taygetina
Taygetina is a monotypic butterfly genus of the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. The species in Coeruleotaygetis have been included in Taygetina. Its one species, Taygetina banghaasi, is found in the Neotropical realm.

Satyrinae
The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. This group contains nearly half of the known diversity of brush-footed butterflies. The true number of the Satyrinae species is estimated to exceed 2,400.
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a syndrome secondary to autoimmune and other lymphoproliferative disorders.  Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.  Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia applies to disorders associated with both monoclonal or polyclonal gammopathy.

Autoimmunity
In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. Any disease resulting from this type of immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease". Prominent examples include celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids.

Autoimmunity means presence of antibodies or T cells that react with self-protein and is present in all individuals, even in normal health state. It causes autoimmune diseases if self-reactivity can lead to tissue damage.
Devil in a Woodpile
Devil in a Woodpile is a band from Chicago, Illinois. Although they routinely give a fresh sound to 80-year-old songs, their repertoire and instrumentation categorizes them as a country blues or jug band.

Jug band
A jug band is a band employing a jug player and a lineup of players of other instruments, both conventional and homemade. The homemade instruments are most often ordinary objects adapted to or modified for making sound, like the washtub bass, washboard, spoons, bones, stovepipe, jew's harp, and comb and tissue paper. The term 'jug band' is loosely used to mean any ensemble that incorporates homemade instruments, but those without a jug player are more accurately termed skiffle bands, spasm bands, or juke (or jook) bands (see juke joint).
2000–01 Swiss 1. Liga
The 2000–01 Swiss 1. Liga was the 69th season of this league since its creation in 1931. The 1. Liga was the third tier of the Swiss football league system and it was also the highest level of amateur football.

FC Serrières
FC Serrières was a football club from Neuchâtel, Switzerland that was founded in 1951 and merged with Neuchâtel Xamax in 2013 to form Neuchâtel Xamax FCS. It most recently played in the 2. Liga Interregional before the merger.
Assisted GNSS
Assisted GNSS (A-GNSS) is a GNSS augmentation system that often significantly improves the startup performance—i.e., time-to-first-fix (TTFF)—of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). A-GNSS works by providing the necessary data to the device via a radio network instead of the slow satellite link, essentially "warming up" the receiver for a fix. When applied to GPS, it is known as assisted GPS or augmented GPS (abbreviated generally as A-GPS and less commonly as aGPS). Other local names include A-GANSS for Galileo and A-Beidou for BeiDou.

A-GPS is extensively used with GPS-capable cellular phones, as its development was accelerated by the U.S. FCC's 911 requirement to make cell phone location data available to emergency call dispatchers.

LTE (telecommunication)
In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for cellular mobile devices and data terminals. It is considered to be a "transitional" 4G technology, and is therefore also referred to as 3.95G as a step above 3G.

LTE is based on the 2G GSM/EDGE and 3G UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements. LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks. LTE has been succeeded by LTE Advanced, which is officially defined as a "true" 4G technology and also named "LTE+".
Taşköprü family
The Taşköprü family is a Turkish family that rose to prominence in the Ottoman Empire for the important scholars, judges and artists it produced.

Many important historians and teachers were born in this family. They were a center of ulama, training other prominent scholars.

Among the best known members of the family is Taşköprülüzade İsameddin Ahmed bin Mustafa, better known as Taşköprüzade, famous for his great biographic encyclopedia. Taşköprüzade's father, Muslih al-Din Mustafa, was a noted scholar, the teacher of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I. Muslih al-Din Mustafa was the director of a medrese in Taşköprü, from which fact his son's name was derived. Ahmet (Taşköprüzade) was trained by his father, and later completed his edcutation in Istanbul.

While several members of them family became judges, they are said to have preferred to act as müderris. They also made significant contributions in the fields of poetry, literature and calligraphy.

Edirne
Edirne (US: /eɪˈdɪərnə, ɛˈ-/; Turkish: [e.ˈdiɾ.ne]), historically known as Orestias, Orestiada, Adrianople, or Adriana is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Greek and 20 km (12 mi) from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second capital city of the Ottoman Empire from the 1360s to 1453, before Constantinople became its capital.

The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District. Its population is 180,002 (2022).
Lee Young-jun (ice hockey)
Lee Young-jun (born 3 January 1991) is a South Korean ice hockey centre. Lee is currently a free agent having last played for the Daemyung Killer Whales of Asia League Ice Hockey (ALIH). He also played for Anyang Halla, High1 and Daemyung Sangmu.

He competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics for the South Korea national team.

High1
High1 (Korean: 하이원) was an ice hockey team based in Seoul, South Korea. Formed in 2004, the team was initially made up of players from the defunct Korean Ice Hockey League who didn't immediately move to Anyang Halla from the Hyundai and Dongwon teams as well as other disbanded teams and players who had returned from military service. Prior to the 2007–08 season, the team was known as Kangwon Land (Korean: 강원랜드), named after their owner, Kangwon Land Corporation. Between 2005 and 2019, High1 competed in the Asia League Ice Hockey.
Sports in Jammu and Kashmir
Popular sports in Jammu and Kashmir include cricket, football and winter sports along with sports like golf, water sports, Ice stock sport and adventure sports. The National Winter Games have been held in Gulmarg in 1996, 2004 and 2009. The first Khelo India Winter Games were held in February and March 2020 in Leh and Gulmarg. Jammu and Kashmir won the most gold medals (26 gold, 29 silver, 21 bronze) while the Indian Army team came second with 8 gold medals. The second edition of the winter games were also held successfully in Gulmarg in 2020 with Jammu and Kashmir coming first and Karnataka second.

Jammu and Kashmir has produced numerous international and national level players including Gul Dev, the first Kashmiri Olympian, numerous Indian Premier League cricketers such as Abdul Samad and Mithun Manhas, icestockers such as Aadil Manzoor Peer, Mohammad Sarfaraz  and Faheem Masood Shah, sharp shooter Chain Singh and footballer Mehrajuddin Wadoo among others.

Faheem Masood Shah
Faheem Masood Shah (born 1992) is an Indian international ice stock sport athlete. Faheem has a right hand style. He has represented India at an international level. His journey from Batamaloo, Srinagar to international icestock competitions was covered by regional media. He has also been featured across multiple Indian digital news platforms highlighting his continued participation in national and international ice stock sport competitions. In 2018 he represented India in Austria and attained 10th rank.

Faheem is a computer engineer by profession, who has emphasised the importance of balancing academics alongside sports, advocating that education and competitive athletics can be pursued in parallel without sacrificing either.
Murder at the Inn
Murder at the Inn is a 1934 British crime film directed by George King and starring Wendy Barrie, Harold French and Jane Carr. It was a quota quickie, made at Teddington Studios by the British subsidiary of Warner Brothers.

Teddington Studios
Teddington Studios was a large British television studio in Teddington, London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, providing studio facilities for programmes airing on the  BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, Sky One and others. The complex also provided studio space for channel continuity. Towards the end of its history the site was run by the Pinewood Studios Group.

Originally built as film studios, the studios were the main production centres for the ITV franchisees ABC Weekend TV and Thames Television.

Pinewood Group's lease on Teddington Studios expired in 2014. The studios were demolished in February 2016 to be turned into housing, with programmes made there having moved to other facilities. The studio buildings have now been replaced by four modern apartment blocks and other smaller houses.
Radio Maria
Radio Maria, formally known as The World Family of Radio Maria, is an international Catholic radio broadcasting service founded in Erba, province of Como, in the diocese of Milan, Italy, in 1987.

The World Family of Radio Maria was formed in 1998, mainly based on the Our Lady of Medjugorje apparitions and messages, and today has branches in 86 countries around the world. Its mission includes: liturgy, catechesis, spirituality, devotions, prayer, spiritual assistance with everyday issues, information, music and culture.

Archdiocese of Milan
The Archdiocese of Milan (Italian: Arcidiocesi di Milano; Latin: Archidioecesis Mediolanensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy which covers the areas of Milan, Monza, Lecco and Varese. It has long maintained its own Latin liturgical rite usage, the Ambrosian rite, which is still used in the greater part of the diocesan territory. Among its past archbishops, the better known are Ambrose, Charles Borromeo, Pope Pius XI and Pope Paul VI.

The Archdiocese of Milan is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milan, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia, and Vigevano.

Milan's archdiocese is the largest in Europe, and the one having the most priests in the world, with, as of 2021, 2,450 priests living in the diocese, among whom 1,712 are secular priests.
Bruce Herschensohn
Stanley Bruce Herschensohn (September 10, 1932 – November 30, 2020) was an American conservative political commentator, author, film director, and senior fellow at the Pepperdine University School of Public Policy in Malibu, California.

Herschensohn quickly rose to prominence in the Republican Party, becoming a consultant to the Republican National Convention in 1972 and joining the Nixon administration on September 11, 1972. He served primarily as a speech writer. He left following Nixon's resignation, but served on the Ronald Reagan Presidential Transition Team and as an official in the Reagan administration.

Previously, Herschensohn had been a Distinguished Fellow at the Claremont Institute and a fellow at the Institute of Politics at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He had taught politics at the University of Maryland, Whittier College and at Pepperdine University School of Public Policy.

Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School
The Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School (IOP) is a nonpartisan extracurricular program associated with the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. It was created in 1966 to serve as a living memorial to President John F. Kennedy and to inspire Harvard undergraduates to consider careers in politics and public service.
Tujia people
The Tujia (Northern Tujia: Bifjixkhar / Bifzixkar, IPA: /bi˧˥ dʑi˥ kʰa˨˩/ /pi˧˥ tsi˥ kʰa˨˩/, Southern Tujia: Mongrzzir, /mõ˨˩ dzi˨˩/; Chinese: 土家族; pinyin: Tǔjiāzú) are an ethnic group and, with a total population of over 9 million, the seventh-largest officially recognized ethnic minority in the People's Republic of China. They live in the Wuling Mountains, straddling the common borders of Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces and Chongqing Municipality.

The endonym Bizika means "native dwellers". In Chinese, Tujia literally means "local families", in contrast to the Hakka (客家; Kèjiā), whose name literally means "guest families" and implies migration.

Provinces of China
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions, the first-level subdivisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC, and one further province that is claimed but not administered, which is Taiwan.

The local governments of Chinese provinces consist of a Provincial People's Government headed by a governor that acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that elects a party secretary and a provincial standing committee.
The Ape Woman
The Ape Woman (Italian: La donna scimmia, French: Le Mari de la femme à barbe) is a 1964 Italian-French satirical drama film directed by Marco Ferreri. The film was inspired by the real-life story of Julia Pastrana, a 19th-century woman who was exploited as a freak show attraction.

In 2008, the film was included in the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage's 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

A hundred Italian films to be saved
The list of A hundred Italian films to be saved (Italian: Cento film italiani da salvare) was created with the aim to report "100 films that have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978". Film preservation, or film restoration, describes a series of ongoing efforts among film historians, archivists, museums, cinematheques, and nonprofit organization to rescue decaying film stock and preserve the images they contain. In the widest sense, preservation assures that a movie will continue to exist in as close to its original form as possible.
James Rogers (congressman)
James Rogers (October 24, 1795 – December 21, 1873) was a United States representative from South Carolina. He was  born in what is now Goshen Hill Township, Union County, South Carolina. He completed preparatory studies and graduated from South Carolina College at Columbia, South Carolina, in 1813. Later, he studied law and was admitted to the bar and began practice in Yorkville (now York), South Carolina.

Rogers held various local offices before he was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress. Years later, he was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843). He died in South Carolina, on December 21, 1873, and was buried in what was formerly called the Irish Graveyard at Kings Creek A.R.P. Church near Newberry, South Carolina.

25th United States Congress
The 25th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1837, to March 4, 1839, during the first two years of Martin Van Buren's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1830 United States census. Both houses of congress had a Democratic majority.