hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herbert Brown (Australian politician)
Herbert Harrington Brown (12 March 1839 – 1 July 1929) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Parramatta to John and Charlotte Brown, who farmed in the upper Paterson district from 1843. He was educated at Newcastle and Cook's River, and on 4 November 1860 married Harriet Lindeman, with whom he had six children. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Paterson at the by-election in 1875. The seat was replaced by Durham in 1880, and Brown held the seat until his defeat in 1898. When the party system emerged he was initially a Free Trader, but he drifted towards the Protectionists over the years. He died in Sydney on 1 July 1929(1929-07-01) (aged 90).

Electoral district of Durham
Durham was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, named after Durham County, which lies on the north side of the Hunter River. From 1856 to 1859, it elected three members simultaneously by voters casting three votes with the three leading candidates being elected. It was abolished in 1859 with the county being split between the districts of Hunter, Lower Hunter, Upper Hunter, Morpeth, Paterson, Patrick's Plains and Williams.

It was recreated in 1880, replacing parts of Paterson and Williams, as a single-member electorate. It was abolished in 1920.
Kani Masi
Kani Masi (Arabic: كاني ماسي, Kurdish: کانی ماسێ, romanized: Kanî Masê) or Ain Nuni (Arabic: عينا دنونى, Syriac: ܥܝܢܢܘ̈ܢܐ) is a village and sub-district in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the district of Amadiya and the historical region of Barwari Bala.

In the village, there are churches of Mar Sawa and Mart Shmuni.

Sabbas the Sanctified
Sabas (439–532), in Church parlance Saint Sabas or Sabbas the Sanctified (Greek: Σάββας ὁ Ἡγιασμένος), was a Cappadocian Greek monk, priest, grazer and saint, who was born in Cappadocia and lived mainly in Palaestina Prima. He was the founder of several convents, most notably the one known as Mar Saba, in Palestine. The saint's name is derived from Imperial Aramaic: סַבָּא Sabbāʾ "old man".
John Belton (academic)
John Belton is Professor Emeritus of English and Film at Rutgers University. He is editor of the Film and Culture series at Columbia University Press and associate editor of SMPTE's Motion Imaging Journal. He earned his PhD from Harvard University, BA from Columbia University, and specializes in film history and cultural studies. Belton has served on the National Film Preservation Board, as chair of the Board of Editors of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, and authored numerous books. In 2005/2006, he was granted a Guggenheim Fellowship to pursue his study of the use of digital technology in the film industry.

Digital electronics
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. It deals with the relationship between binary inputs and outputs by passing electrical signals through logical gates, resistors, capacitors, amplifiers, and other electronic components. The field of digital electronics is in contrast to analog electronics, which work primarily with analog signals (signals with varying degrees of intensity as opposed to on/off two-state binary signals). Despite the name, digital electronics designs include important analog design considerations.

Large assemblies of logic gates, used to represent more complex ideas, are often packaged into integrated circuits. Complex devices may have simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions.
Electrochemical fluorination
Electrochemical fluorination (ECF), or electrofluorination, is a foundational organofluorine chemistry method for the preparation of fluorocarbon-based organofluorine compounds. The general approach represents an application of electrosynthesis. The fluorinated chemical compounds produced by ECF are useful because of their distinctive solvation properties and the relative inertness of carbon–fluorine bonds. Two ECF synthesis routes are commercialized and commonly applied: the Simons process and the Phillips Petroleum process. It is also possible to electrofluorinate in various organic media. Prior to the development of these methods, fluorination with fluorine, a dangerous oxidizing agent, was a dangerous and wasteful process. ECF can be cost-effective, but it may also result in low yields.

Carbon–fluorine bond
The carbon–fluorine bond is a polar covalent bond between carbon and fluorine that is a component of all organofluorine compounds. It is one of the strongest single bonds in chemistry (after the B–F single bond, Si–F single bond, and H–F single bond), and relatively short, due to its partial ionic character. The bond also strengthens and shortens as more fluorines are added to the same carbon on a chemical compound. For this reason, fluoroalkanes like tetrafluoromethane (carbon tetrafluoride) are some of the most unreactive organic compounds.
Stefano Razzetti
Stefano Razzetti (born 13 September 1971) is an Italian football goalkeeper trainer and a former player who works for the Swiss club St. Gallen. As a player, he appeared in Serie A and the Swiss Super League.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Royalton-Hartland Central School District
Royalton Hartland School District (nicknamed "Roy-Hart") is a school district in Middleport, New York, United States and serves the nearby hamlet of Gasport. The superintendent is Jill Heck. The district operates three schools: Royalton-Hartland High School, Royalton-Hartland Middle School, and Royalton-Hartland Elementary School.

Most of the district is in Niagara County. In regards to towns, it includes most of Royalton, southern portions of Hartland, and a small portion of Lockport. The district also includes Middleport village, and Gasport census-designated place. A portion of the district extends to Alabama town, Genesee County; and Shelby town, Orleans County.

Royalton, New York
Royalton is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States.  The population was 7,660 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Royalton  is in the southeast corner of the county and is east of the City of Niagara Falls.
Jüri Lina
Jüri Lina (born 13 October 1949 in Tartu) is an Estonian journalist, writer, music producer, radio host, film director, ufologist and conspiracy theorist.

In 1960s and 1970s he published many works (articles, reviews, translations) which were anti-Soviet. Due to discord with Soviet powers, in 1979 he was expelled from Estonia by Soviet authorities. Since then he has lived mainly in Sweden. In 1991 he was rehabilitated. Lina's works are usually anti-Semitic, anti-Masonic, and critical of socialism. He is one of the most well known Holocaust deniers of Estonia.

Anti-Masonry
Anti-Masonry (alternatively called anti-Freemasonry) is "avowed opposition to Freemasonry", which has led to multiple forms of religious discrimination, violent persecution, and suppression in some countries as well as in various organized religions (primarily Abrahamic religions). That said, there is no homogeneous anti-Masonic movement. Anti-Masonry consists of radically differing criticisms from frequently incompatible political institutions and organized religions that oppose each other, and are hostile to Freemasonry in some form.
Greenan (surname)
Greenan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gerard Greenan (born 1950), Canadian politician

Laurie Greenan (1947–2020), American costume designer

Russell H. Greenan (1925–2023), American author

Terisa Greenan (born 1967), American film producer, director, writer, and actress

Russell H. Greenan
Russell Henry Greenan (September 17, 1925 – July 22, 2023) was an American author with an established readership in the United States and Europe, particularly France. His first book It Happened in Boston? was reprinted in 2003 in the U.S.A. as a 20th Century Rediscovery by Modern Library. His fourth book The Secret Life of Algernon Pendleton was made into a motion picture titled The Secret Life of Algernon in 1997.
Perkins School of Theology
Perkins School of Theology is one of Southern Methodist University's three original schools and is located in Dallas, Texas. The theology school was renamed in 1945 to honor benefactors Joe J. and Lois Craddock Perkins of Wichita Falls, Texas. Degree programs include the Master of Divinity (M.Div.), Master of Sacred Music, Master of Theological Studies (MTS), Master of Arts in Ministry, Master of Theology (Th.M.), Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.), and Doctor of Pastoral Music as well as the Ph.D., in cooperation with The Graduate Program in Religious Studies at SMU’s Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences. It is one of only five university-related theological institutions of the United Methodist Church, and one of the denomination's 13 seminaries, offering opportunities for interdisciplinary learning, and accredited by the Association of Theological Schools (ATS). There is a hybrid-extension program in Houston-Galveston.

Wichita Falls, Texas
Wichita Falls (/ˈwɪtʃɪtɑː/ WITCH-ih-tah) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita Counties. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 102,316, making it the 43rd-most populous city in Texas. Wichita Falls is home to Midwestern State University, enrolling more than 5,500 students.
Epithet Erased
Epithet Erased is an American animated action-comedy web series created by Brendan Blaber. It premiered on VRV on November 8, 2019, and on Blaber's YouTube channel JelloApocalypse on November 22, 2019.
The show uses limited 2D animation where the character's 2D sprites are operated like puppets, and many actions are accented with voice work, similar to how a D&D player might describe an action their character is taking.

Television comedy
Television comedy is a category of broadcasting that has been present since the early days of entertainment media. While there are several genres of comedy, some of the first ones aired were variety shows. One of the first United States television programs was the comedy-variety show Texaco Star Theater, which was most prominent in the years that it featured Milton Berle (from 1948 to 1956). The range of television comedy has become broader, with the addition of sitcoms, improvisational comedy, and stand-up comedy, while also adding comedic aspects into other television genres, including drama and news. Television comedy provides opportunities for viewers to relate the content in these shows to society. Some audience members may have similar views about certain comedic aspects of shows, while others will take different perspectives. This also relates to developing new social norms, sometimes acting as the medium that introduces these transitions.
Heroes of the Alamo Monument
The Heroes of the Alamo Monument is an outdoor memorial commemorating those who fought and died during the Battle of the Alamo, installed on the Texas State Capitol grounds, in Austin, Texas, United States. It was designed by J.S. Clark, sculpted by Carl Rohl-Smith, and erected in 1891. The monument features a Texas Sunset Red Granite base topped by a bronze statue of a Texan carrying a muzzle-loading rifle. Among the names inscribed in the base's supports are James Bowie, David Crockett, and William B. Travis.

Muzzle-loading rifle
A muzzle-loading rifle is a muzzle-loaded small arm that has a rifled barrel rather than a smoothbore, and is loaded from the muzzle of the barrel rather than the breech. Historically they were developed when rifled barrels were introduced by the 1740's, which offered higher accuracy than the earlier smoothbores. The American longrifle evolved from the German "Jäger" rifle; a popularly recognizable form of the "muzzleloader" was the Kentucky Rifle. Although by definition they must be reloaded after each shot in a time-consuming fashion, they are still produced for hunting.

Comparable artillery pieces are termed rifled muzzle loader (RML).
Dove Dale
Dove Dale, also known as the Archibald Dove House, Daniel Dove House, and Grover Bryant House, is a historic plantation house near Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina.  The original section dates to about 1805, with later 19th- and early 20th-century alterations. It is a 1½-story frame double-pile, spraddle-roofed house. The house features a front porch with six wood piers. A contributing small fish pond is an early landscape feature of the front lawn. Surrounding the house are agricultural fields that have continued under cultivation for over 200 years.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Rancho Dos Pueblos
Rancho Dos Pueblos was a 15,535-acre (62.87 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Santa Barbara County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan Alvarado to Nicolas A. Den. The rancho stretched along the Gaviota Coast to the northwest of today's city of Santa Barbara, from Fairview Avenue in Goleta (at that time in the middle of Goleta Slough) to the southeastern boundary of today's El Capitan State Beach. A 500-acre  parcel (200 ha) was bought by Colin Powys Campbell in 1919. The University of California, Santa Barbara purchased it from the Devereux Foundation in 2007, following the closure of the campus it had established there in 1945.

Santa Barbara County, California
Santa Barbara County, officially the County of Santa Barbara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Bárbara), is a county located in Southern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 448,229. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

Santa Barbara County comprises the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the county is part of the California Central Coast. Mainstays of the county's economy include engineering, resource extraction (particularly petroleum extraction and diatomaceous earth mining), winemaking, agriculture, and education. The software development and tourism industries are important employers in the southern part of the county.
Hymenopterida
Hymenopterida is a superorder of holometabolous (metamorphosing) insects. As originally circumscribed, it included Hymenoptera and the orders in Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera).  However, more recent studies find Hymenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera.

Holometabolism
Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphosis, is a form of insect development which includes four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and imago (or adult). Holometabolism is a synapomorphic trait of all insects in the clade Holometabola. Immature stages of holometabolous insects are very different from the mature stage. In some species, a holometabolous life cycle minimizes competition between larvae and adults by separating their ecological niches. The morphology and behavior of each stage are adapted for different activities. For example, larval traits maximize feeding, growth, and development, while adult traits enable dispersal, mating, and egg laying. Some species of holometabolous insects protect and feed their offspring. Other insect developmental strategies include ametabolism and hemimetabolism.
USS Crocus (1862)
USS Crocus was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

Crocus was planned to be used by the Union Navy as a gunboat, to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Baskahegan Lake
Baskahegan Lake is a body of water in Washington County, Maine, United States. The lake, which covers 6,815 acres (2,758 ha), is the third largest lake in Washington County and one of the largest statewide. It is located in the town of Topsfield, Maine, the former township of Brookton (North Washington, Maine). The picturesque lake is known for its warm water fishery and very high water quality.

In 2007, Evergreen Wind Power LLC sought to build on Stetson Mountain, which would be visible from the boat launch on Baskahegan Lake near Brookton, nine miles away. As of 2009, the installation on Stetson Mountain was the largest wind power operation in New England.

Washington County, Maine
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, its population was 31,095, making it the third-least populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Machias. The county was established on June 25, 1789. It borders the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It is sometimes referred to as "Sunrise County" because it includes the easternmost point in the 48 contiguous United States. Claims have been made that Washington County is where the sun first rises on the 48 contiguous states.  Many small seaside communities have small-scale fishing-based economies. Tourism is also important along the county's shoreline, but it is not as important as elsewhere in the state. The blueberry crop plays a major role in the county's economy.
Sataniv Castle
Sataniv Castle (Ukrainian: Сатанівський замок) is a fortress in the rural settlement of Sataniv, Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine. It is an architectural monument of national significance.

Sataniv
Sataniv (Ukrainian: Сатанів; Russian: Сатанов; Polish: Satanów; Yiddish: סאָטענעוו, romanized: Satanov) is a rural settlement in Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Sataniv settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,341 (2022 estimate).
Marta Soto
Marta Soto (born 15 November 1996) is a Spanish singer and songwriter. She is mostly known for her song "Quiero Verte", which made an appearance on the Spanish television program Survivor, and for her debut album Míranos, which reached Number 1 on the Spanish sales charts in the first week after its release.

Punta Umbría
Punta Umbría is a town and municipality in the province of Huelva, part of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia. It is a fishing village located on the banks of the Rio Odiel river and across the water from the capital, Huelva. It is surrounded by extensive salt marshes and faces Isla Saltes.

The Punta in its name comes from the long point going out to the sea from the beach. During World War II, it was the location where the body of a supposed British Major carrying false top secret documents was washed up. This was part of a disinformation exercise by the British secret service known as Operation Mincemeat.

The Odiel river meets the Atlantic Ocean at Punta Umbria Beach, a 3.8 km urban beach which has been awarded a Blue Flag for its high standards of cleanliness and excellent facilities.
Barsa, Lebanon
Barsa (Arabic: برسا)  is a village in the Koura District of the North Governorate of Lebanon.  
It has a  Maronite  and Greek Orthodox population. It has one of the most Cryptocurrency miners in Koura District.

North Governorate
North Governorate (Arabic: الشمال, Aš Šamāl) is one of the governorates of Lebanon and one of the two governorates of North Lebanon. Its capital is Tripoli. Ramzi Nohra was the governor from May 2, 2014 until May 14, 2025 when the Ministry of Interior dismissed him.  The population of North Governorate is 731,251.
MS Ambition
MS Ambition is a cruise ship operated by Ambassador Cruise Line. Completed in France as Mistral for Festival Cruises in 1999, she sailed between 2005 and 2019 as Grand Mistral with Ibero Cruises and Costa neoRiviera with Costa Cruises. The ship was in service as AIDAmira with AIDA Cruises, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc, until her sale in 2022 to Ambassador Cruise Line, who renamed her Ambition, commencing sailing in May 2023.

It and its sister ship "Ambience" featured as the location of the third series of the television show "The Cruise: Fun-Loving Brits at Sea"

AIDA Cruises
AIDA Cruises is a German cruise line founded in the early 1960s and organized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Costa Crociere S.p.A., which in turn belongs to Carnival Corporation & plc. Based in Rostock, Germany, AIDA Cruises caters primarily to the German-speaking market; as seagoing "club resorts", AIDA ships have on-board amenities and facilities designed to attract younger, more active vacationers. As of September 2023, the cruise line operates 11 ships.

AIDA Cruises has been Carnival-owned since 2003.
Richard M. Osgood Jr.
Richard Magee Osgood Jr. (December 28, 1943 – October 20, 2023) was an American applied and pure physicist (condensed matter and chemical physics of surfaces, laser technology, nano-optics). He was Higgins Professor of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics at Columbia University.

Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light. It is a  branch of optics, optical engineering, electrical engineering, and nanotechnology. It often involves dielectric structures such as nanoantennas, or metallic components, which can transport and focus light via surface plasmon polaritons.

The term "nano-optics", just like the term "optics", usually refers to situations involving ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light (free-space wavelengths from 300 to 1200 nanometers).
The Japanese Miracle and Peril
The Japanese Miracle and Peril is a 1971 non-fiction book about Japan by Willard Price.

The book received a generally negative review from John Schreiner in the National Post. He described the scholarship and superficial and said it relied too heavily on secondary sources. It was more positively received by William J. Swank in the Jackson Citizen Patriot.

Jackson Citizen Patriot
Jackson Citizen Patriot is a daily newspaper published in Jackson, Michigan.

Since 2012, the Citizen Patriot has been published at AnnArbor.com printing facility in Ann Arbor. Also in 2012, home delivery of the newspaper was cut back to Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays, although the print edition is still published daily.
Cuccù
Cuccù or Cucù ("Cuckoo") is an Italian card game, over 300 years old, that is playable by two to twenty players and which uses a special pack of 40 cards. It is a comparing game in which there is only one winner, and is unusual in that each player only receives one card.

Glossary of card game terms
The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed here, there are thousands of other common and uncommon slang terms. Terms in this glossary are not game-specific (e.g. specific to bridge, hearts, poker or rummy), but apply to a wide range of card games played with non-proprietary packs. It should not include terms solely related to casino or banking games. For glossaries that relate primarily to one game or family of similar games, see Game-specific glossaries.