hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surface ectoderm
The surface ectoderm, AKA external ectoderm, is one of the two early embryonic divisions of the ectoderm.
The other early division of the ectoderm is the neuroectoderm.

The surface ectoderm develops into the following structures:

Skin (only the epidermis; the dermis is derived from the mesoderm) (along with glands, hair, and nails)

The epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity

The glands of the mouth and nasal cavity, namely the saliva glands and the mucosal glands

Tooth enamel (as a side note, dentin and dental pulp are formed from the ectomesenchyme, which is derived from the neuroectoderm (specifically neural crest cells, and it travels with mesenchymal cells)

The epithelium of the anterior pituitary gland

The lens, cornea, lacrimal gland, tarsal glands, and the conjunctiva of the eye

The apical ectodermal ridge, which induces the development of the limb buds of the embryo

Anterior pituitary
The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) is a major organ of the endocrine system. The anterior pituitary is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis) which, in humans, is located at the base of the brain, protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus.

The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes, including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation. Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary and of the organs it regulates can often be ascertained via blood tests that measure hormone levels.
Arrupe College, El Salvador
Arrupe College, El Salvador, is a private Catholic primary and secondary school located in Soyapango, a high-density, low-income area in San Salvador, the capital city of El Salvador. The school was founded by a  Father Juan Ricardo Salazar-Simpson in 1997 and it was built and remains largely supported by charitable contributions. The school includes infant through baccalaureate and vocational, and has ranked at the top on national exams.

Spanish Baccalaureate
The Spanish Baccalaureate (Spanish: Bachillerato, pronounced [batʃiʎeˈɾato] ⓘ) is the post-16 stage of education in Spain, comparable to the A Levels in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Highers in Scotland, the French Baccalaureate in France or the International Baccalaureate. It follows the ESO (compulsory stage of secondary education). After taking the Bachillerato, a student may enter vocational training (Higher-level Training Cycles, Ciclos Formativos de Grado Superior) or take the "PAU" (also commonly known as "PEvAU" or "Selectividad") exams in order to be admitted into a public university.

There are two parts, a core curriculum with the compulsory subjects ("fase de acceso") and a specialist part ("fase de admisión") with a number of pre-selected branches to choose from. The latter of these is technically optional, however reaching the necessary grade is significantly harder or impossible to achieve.
Warialda Standard
Warialda Standard was a newspaper produced at Warialda, New South Wales. It covered news in the towns of Warialda, Bingara, Coolatai, Croppa Creek, North Star, Yetman, and Delungra. It merged with The Bingara Advocate to become Gwydir News in 2018.

Yetman, New South Wales
Yetman is a hamlet in the New England region of northern New South Wales, Australia. At the 2006 census, Yetman and the surrounding area had a population of 178. It is located on the Macintyre River about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the Queensland border and 701 kilometres (436 mi) north of Sydney. It is located at the intersection of the roads south to Tamworth, east to Tenterfield and north-west to Boggabilla.
Dyrøy Church
Dyrøy Church (Norwegian: Dyrøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Dyrøy Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Holm on the eastern shore of the island of Dyrøya. It is one of the churches for the Dyrøy parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1880 using plans drawn up by the architect Håkon Mosling. The church seats about 450 people.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Material Sciences Corporation
Material Sciences Corporation is an American materials technology company. It began as All Weather Steel Products in Chicago in 1951. It is now headquartered in Canton, Michigan. The company provides engineering and testing solutions for acoustical and coated applications. The company owns five manufacturing plants, in Elk Grove Village, Illinois; East Chicago, Indiana; Walbridge, Ohio; Canfield, Ohio; and Toronto. It has sales offices in Burr Ridge, Illinois, Turin, and Shanghai.

Elk Grove Village, Illinois
Elk Grove Village is a village in Cook and DuPage Counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 32,812 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 31,802 in 2024. Located 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Chicago along the Golden Corridor, the Village of Elk Grove Village was incorporated on July 17, 1956. It is directly adjacent to O'Hare International Airport and is economically important to the Chicago metropolitan area due to its large industrial park, located on the eastern border of the village. The community is served by several Interstate highways including I-90, I-290/I-355/Route 53, and IL-390. Elk Grove is also expected to be served by the I-490 Western O'Hare Bypass upon completion of the project.
Stan Weir (academic)
Stan Weir (1921–2001) was an influential blue-collar intellectual, socialist, and labor leader. A rank-and-file worker for most of his life, Weir worked as a seaman in the Merchant Marine during World War II, as an auto worker, longshoreman, truck driver, and painter, before taking a position at the University of Illinois, where he taught courses to union locals.

Politically, he was a leading figure in the "Third Camp" tendency of Trotskyism, and was a member of the Workers Party and its successor the Independent Socialist League. The character Joe Link in Harvey Swados’s novel Standing Fast was based on Weir.

In the 1980s he co-founded Singlejack Books, a publishing house for worker writers. A close friend to James Baldwin, Staughton Lynd and C.L.R. James, Weir was at the forefront of much of the labor movement during the second half of the twentieth century.

Third camp
The third camp, also known as third camp socialism or third camp Trotskyism, is a branch of socialism that aims to oppose both capitalism and Stalinism by supporting the organised working class as a "third camp".

The term arose early during World War II and refers to the idea of two "imperialist camps" competing to dominate the world: one led by the United Kingdom and France and supported by the United States, and the other led by Nazi Germany and Japan and supported by Fascist Italy. It did have a predecessor in the Trotskyist opposition to the Stalin-led Soviet Union, however.
Gretha Islands
The Gretha Islands (variant: Grethas Ōer) are an uninhabited island group located in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. They are situated in Eureka Sound at the confluence of Bay Fjord, north of Ellesmere Island's Raanes Peninsula, and east of Stor Island. They are members of the Sverdrup Islands group, Queen Elizabeth Islands, and the Arctic Archipelago.

The three Gretha Islands were named by the Norwegian explorer Otto Sverdrup.

Eureka Sound
Eureka Sound is a high Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Axel Heiberg Island from Ellesmere Island. Stor Island is located within the sound. Eureka Sound is 290 km (180 mi) long, and 13–48 km (8.1–29.8 mi) wide. Fort Eureka is nearby.
Alfred S. Gage
Alfred Stevens Gage (February 6, 1860 – June 23, 1928) was an American rancher and businessman who founded the A. S. Gage Ranch in the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas. At its greatest extent his ranch extended over 500,000 acres.

Gage was a native of Vermont who moved to San Antonio, Texas, where he became a successful businessman and banker. He then moved to Marathon, Texas seeking opportunity in ranching. In 1926-1927, he had the Gage Hotel constructed by the firm of Trost & Trost to offer visitors to Marathon better lodging. The building also served as his residence and headquarters for his local cattle and banking interests.

Marathon, Texas
Marathon (/ˈmærəθən/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Brewster County, Texas, United States. The population was 410 at the 2020 census, down from 430 in 2010, 470 in 2007, and 455 in 2000.

As of 2012 Marathon services tourists traveling to Big Bend National Park.
Club Atlético Patronato
The Club Atlético Patronato de la Juventud Católica (commonly called Patronato or Patronato de Paraná, lit. 'Patronage of Parana') is an Argentine sports club based in Paraná, Entre Ríos Province.

The club is mostly known for its football team currently competes in Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system. Other sports sections of the club include basketball, volleyball, artistic roller skating, judo, and karate.

Argentine football league system
The Argentine football league system include tournaments organised by the Argentine Football Association. Clubs affiliated to the body compete in the tournaments, which are split into categories or divisions.

Rules establish a system of promotion and relegation, a process where teams are transferred between two divisions based on their performance for the completed season. The best-ranked team or teams in the lower division are promoted to the higher division for the next season, and the worst-ranked team or teams in the higher division are relegated to the lower division for the next season.
SB-616234
SB-616234 is a selective serotonin 5-HT1B receptor antagonist. In terms of affinity, it shows 50-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor over the serotonin 5-HT1D receptor and greater than 100-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor over other serotonin receptors. The drug is a silent antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor. It dose-dependently increases serotonin levels in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rodents via blockade of serotonin 5-HT1B autoreceptors. In addition, it augments the increased serotonin levels induced by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine in this brain area in rodents. The drug produces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in rodents and anxiolytic-like effects in monkeys. It is orally active. SB-616234 was first described in the scientific literature by 2003.

Dose–response relationship
The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship describes the magnitude of the response of a biochemical or cell-based assay or an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response curves, or concentration-response curves. This is explained further in the following sections. A stimulus response function or stimulus response curve is defined more broadly as the response from any type of stimulus, not limited to chemicals.
Franklin School (Jamestown, North Dakota)
The Franklin School on Second St. SW in Jamestown, North Dakota, United States, was built in 1909.  It was designed by architect Joseph Bell DeRemer.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2002.

According to its NRHP nomination, the building is an '"impressive 
Classical Revival style structure" and "the style was in keeping with early twentieth-century social sentiment that educational facilities generally reflect a nobility of purpose. The ninety-two-year-old building exhibits exceptional integrity of materials and design."

The building now houses CSi Cable Services, but the historical integrity of the building remains intact. Visitors can embark on self-guided tours. Visitors can walk the same halls as one of the school's famous students, Louis L'Amour.

Louis L'Amour
Louis Dearborn L'Amour (/ˈluːi ləˈmʊər/; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels, though he called his work "frontier stories". His most widely known Western fiction works include Last of the Breed, Hondo, Shalako, and the Sackett series. L'Amour also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (The Haunted Mesa), non-fiction (Frontier), and poetry and short-story collections. Many of his stories were made into films. His books remain popular and most have gone through multiple printings. At the time of his death, almost all of his 105 existing works (89 novels, 14 short-story collections, and two full-length works of nonfiction) were still in print, and he was "one of the world's most popular writers".
Lysimachia daphnoides
Lysimachia daphnoides is a rare species of flowering plant in the Primulaceae known by several common names, including Pacific loosestrife, lehua makanoe, kolekole lehua, and kolokolo kuahiwi. It is endemic to Hawaii, where there are only three populations remaining on the island of Kauai. It was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States in 2010.

This is a small shrub growing up to about half a meter in maximum height with a dense covering of leathery leaves. Dark red or purple flowers occur in the leaf axils. The plant is a member of the boggy wet mountain ecosystem in Alakai Wilderness Preserve and Na Pali Kona Forest Reserve on Kauai. There are three known populations for a total number of plants between 200 and 300.

The flowers of this plant were traditionally used in leis.

Lei (garland)
A lei (/leɪ/) is a garland or wreath common in Polynesia and the Philippines. More loosely defined, a lei is any series of objects strung together with the intent to be worn. Lei of various styles are given as gifts to honour people throughout the Pacific, being presented, for example, to visiting dignitaries, graduates, or to loved ones who are departing.

Lei gained popularity in the United States due to the common practice of presenting one to arriving or leaving tourists in Hawaiʻi. Sampaguita leis are also used in the Philippines for religious reasons, typically worn to their Anito or religious statues.
Galib Kalan
Galib Kalan is a village in Jagraon in Ludhiana district of Punjab State, India. It is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Moga, 39 kilometres (24 mi) from Nakodar, 47 kilometres (29 mi) from district headquarter Ludhiana and 155 kilometres (96 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

Moga, Punjab
Moga is a city in the Indian state of Punjab. It was made a part and headquarters of the Moga district (the 17th District in the state) on 24 November 1995, by the then Chief Minister Harcharan Singh Brar. Before becoming a district, Moga was a part of Faridkot district as a tehsil. Moga is situated on the National Highway 95 (NH-95 Ferozpur-Ludhiana road). The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been merged into Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division.
HMCS Vancouver
Several Canadian naval units have been named HMCS Vancouver. One was named for the explorer George Vancouver, the others after the city of Vancouver.

Named for George Vancouver;

HMCS Vancouver (F6A) (I) was a Thorneycroft S-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy as HMS Toreador from 1919 until her transfer to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1928. The ship was decommissioned and scrapped in 1937.

Named for the city of Vancouver;

HMCS Vancouver (K225) (II) was a Flower-class corvette that was renamed HMCS Kitchener (K225) before her launch in November 1941.

HMCS Vancouver (K240) (III) was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Second World War. Vancouver served from its commission in March 1942 to the end of the war, when it was taken out of service in June 1945.

HMCS Vancouver (IV) was a survey ship launched in June 1965 and sold in 1982.

HMCS Vancouver (FFH 331) (V) is a Halifax-class frigate serving in the Canadian Forces since 1993.

HMCS Vancouver (FFH 331)
HMCS Vancouver is a Halifax-class frigate, of the Royal Canadian Navy launched on 8 July 1989, as the second vessel of her class. She is based at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast of Canada, and is the third vessel to be named after Vancouver, British Columbia.
Trinity Trigger
Trinity Trigger is an action role-playing game published by FuRyu and developed by Three Rings for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, and Windows. The game was released in Japan on September 15, 2022, and in English by Xseed Games in mid-2023.

FuRyu
FuRyu Corporation (フリュー株式会社) is a Japanese entertainment company based in Shibuya, Tokyo. Their businesses include publishing and development of video games, mobile games, photo-booths, figures and multimedia content.
3703 Volkonskaya
3703 Volkonskaya, provisional designation 1978 PU3, is a Vestian asteroid and asynchronous binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 9 August 1978, by Soviet astronomers Lyudmila Chernykh and Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula. It was named by the discoverers after the Russian princess Mariya Volkonskaya. The V-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.2 hours. The discovery of its 1.4-kilometer minor-planet moon was announced in December 2005.

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO, observatory code: 095) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of Bakhchysarai, on the Crimean peninsula. CrAO is often called simply by its location and campus name, Crimea–Nauchnij, still ranks among the worldwide most prolific discovery sites for minor planets.

CrAO has also been publishing the Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory since 1947, in English since 1977. The observatory facilities (IAU code 095) are located on territory of settlement of Nauchnyi since the mid-1950s; before that, they were further south, near Simeiz. The latter facilities still see some use, and are referred to as the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory–Simeiz (IAU code 094).
Berit Brogaard
Berit Oskar Brogaard (born August 28, 1970) is a Danish–American philosopher specializing in the areas of cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language. Her recent work concerns synesthesia, savant syndrome, blindsight and perceptual reports. She is professor of philosophy and runs a perception lab at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. She was also co-editor of the Philosophical Gourmet Report until 2021.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
The Scarlet Letter (2004 film)
The Scarlet Letter (Korean: 주홍글씨; RR: Juhonggeulssi) is a 2004 South Korean erotic thriller film about a police detective who investigates a murder case while struggling to hang onto his relationships with his wife and mistress. The film's title is taken from the 1850 novel of the same name. It is the second film by La Femis-graduate and academic Byun Hyuk (Daniel H. Byun) after the Dogme 95 film Interview (2000), and starred Han Suk-kyu, Lee Eun-ju, Sung Hyun-ah and Uhm Ji-won. The film debuted as the closing film of the Pusan International Film Festival in 2004. The film is based on novelist Kim Young-ha's short stories A Meditation On Mirror and Photo Shop Murder.

The Scarlet Letter was released in October 28, 2004 on South Korea. The film was Lee's last feature-length acting performance before her death in February 2005.

The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter: A Romance is a historical novel by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne, published in 1850. Set in the Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony during the years 1642 to 1649, the novel tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter with a man to whom she is not married and then struggles to lead a new life of repentance and dignity. As punishment, she must wear a scarlet letter 'A' (for "adultery"). Containing a number of religious and historic allusions, the book explores themes of legalism, sin, and guilt.

The Scarlet Letter was one of the first mass-produced books in the United States. It was popular when first published and is considered a classic work of American literature. Commonly listed among the Great American Novels, it has inspired numerous film, television, and stage adaptations. Critics have described The Scarlet Letter as a masterwork, and novelist D. H. Lawrence called it a "perfect work of the American imagination".
Olukorede Yishau
Olukorede S. Yishau Listenⓘ is a Nigerian writer, editor, journalist and essayist. He is the author of In The Name Of Our Father (2018) and Vaults of Secrets (2020). Yishau has worked as an editor with the Nigerian newspaper The Nation, and was long listed for the 2021 Nigeria Prize for Literature.

Born in Somolu, Lagos State. Yishau was raised in Agege and had his education there, where he excelled academically. He studied journalism at the Nigerian Institute of Journalism, although didn't complete as a result of what he called "a crisis". He also went to Ambrose Alli University and got his degree in mass communication. Yishau has worked in notable news sources including The Sources, Tell Magazine, and currently the associate editor of The Nation, a Nigerian newspaper.

Nigeria Prize for Literature
The Nigeria Prize for Literature is a literary award given annually to honour literary works of excellence by Nigerian authors. Founded in 2004, the award rotates among four genres; fiction, poetry, drama and children's literature, repeating the cycle every four years. With the total prize value of US$100,000 to individual winner, it is the biggest literary award in Africa and one of the richest literary awards in the world.