hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laurence Howland MacDaniels
Laurence Howland MacDaniels (1888–1986) was an American botanist and horticulturalist. In 1926–1927, he carried out research on the Fe'i banana and its relationship to Polynesian migrations, which was published in 1947 by the Bishop Museum of Honolulu.

Bishop Museum
The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaiʻi State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a museum of history and science in the historic Kalihi district of Honolulu on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Founded in 1889, it is the largest museum in Hawaiʻi and has the world's largest collection of Polynesian cultural artifacts and natural history specimens. Besides the comprehensive exhibits of Hawaiian cultural material, the museum's total holding of natural history specimens exceeds 24 million, of which the entomological collection alone represents more than 13.5 million specimens (making it the third-largest insect collection in the United States). The Index Herbariorum code assigned to Herbarium Pacificum of this museum is BISH and this abbreviation is used when citing housed herbarium specimens.

The museum complex is home to the Richard T. Mamiya Science Adventure Center.
Elmia
57°47′20″N 14°13′49″E﻿ / ﻿57.7889°N 14.2303°E﻿ / 57.7889; 14.2303

Elmia Exhibition and Convention Centre is a trade fair in Jönköping, Sweden. The building was built in 1961 for agriculture trade fairs. Later it was expanded to also hold other trade fairs like boat and auto shows. The building has 34,000 square metres floor and is divided into 4 major halls and a few smaller ones.

One of the most popular activities at Elmia is Dreamhack, the biggest LAN party in the world, with over 21600 visitors and their computers. Dreamhack played host to the inaugural Counter-Strike Major in 2013, won by fnatic.

The outdoor game of the 2011–12 Elitserien season, between HV71 and Linköpings HC, was played in a temporary outdoor arena at Elmia.

Linköping HC
Linköping Hockey Club, often known by its initials LHC, or colloquially among its fans as Cluben, is a Swedish professional ice hockey club from Linköping, founded in 1976. The home arena of the team is Saab Arena (formerly Cloetta Center) which accommodates 8,190 spectators.

Competing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the club is placed twelfth in the marathon standings for the top Swedish ice hockey league.
Great ape personhood
Great ape personhood is a movement to extend personhood and some legal protections to the non-human members of the great ape family: bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.

Advocates include primatologists Jane Goodall and Dawn Prince-Hughes, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, philosophers Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer, and legal scholar Steven Wise.

Paola Cavalieri
Paola Cavalieri (born 26 October 1950) is an Italian philosopher, most known for her work arguing for extension of human rights to the other great apes and more broadly, "to mammals and birds, and probably vertebrates in general". In addition to her books, she was the editor of Etica & Animali, a quarterly international philosophy journal that published nine volumes from 1988 to 1998.
Powersoft
Powersoft S.p.A. is a worldwide company, headquartered in Scandicci, Florence, Italy, that specialises in design, production and marketing of high-end patented technologies for professional audio market.

Scandicci
Scandicci (Italian pronunciation: [skanˈdittʃi]) is a comune (municipality) of c. 50,000 inhabitants in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 6 kilometres (4 miles) southwest of Florence.

Scandicci borders the following municipalities: Campi Bisenzio, Florence, Impruneta, Lastra a Signa, Montespertoli, San Casciano in Val di Pesa, Signa.

The settlement of Scandicci appeared in 1774 as Torri, and was later enlarged to incorporate several neighbouring communities.
Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis
Belgrave Edward Sutton Ninnis (22 June 1887 – 14 December 1912) was an English officer in the Royal Fusiliers and an Antarctic explorer who was a member of Douglas Mawson's 1911 Australasian Antarctic Expedition.

Royal Fusiliers
The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in continuous existence for 283 years. It was known as the 7th Regiment of Foot until the Childers Reforms of 1881.

The regiment served in many wars and conflicts throughout its long existence, including the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. In 1968, the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Lancashire Fusiliers – to form a new large regiment, the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.

The Royal Fusiliers War Memorial, a monument dedicated to the almost 22,000 Royal Fusiliers who died during the First World War, stands on Holborn in the City of London.
Namatozodia
Namatozodia is an extinct genus of prehistoric lungfish. The genus, and its sole species, Namatozodia pitikanta, are described in Kemp (1993). The only known example of the species and genus is a small skull found in the Arcadia Formation of the Crater, in Western Queensland, Australia. This is an early Triassic formation.

Western Queensland
Western Queensland encompasses the three western regions in the Australian state of Queensland:

North West Queensland, often known as Gulf Country;

Central West Queensland; and

South West Queensland.
Johan Klopper
Johan Wilhelm Francois Klopper (born 4 October 1972) is a South African former cricketer.

Klopper was born at Grahamstown in October 1972. He made his debut for Border in List A one-day cricket against Easterns in the 1997/98 Standard Bank League. He played one-day cricket for Border until the 2000/01 Standard Bank Cup, making a total of nine one-day appearances. He took 4 wickets in these matches, as well as scoring 24 runs. He made just a single appearance for Border in first-class cricket against Easterns in the 2000/01 SuperSport Series. He played later minor counties cricket in England for Oxfordshire, making a single appearance against Herefordshire in the 2007 Minor Counties Championship.

CSA One-Day Cup
The CSA One-Day Cup (formerly known as the Standard Bank Cup, the MTN Domestic Championship, and the Momentum One-Day Cup) is the premier domestic one-day cricket competition of South Africa, its matches having List A status. Matches are usually played partly under lights as day-night matches and occasionally get larger crowds than the Test matches.
EMCO Wheaton
EMCO Wheaton is a multinational manufacturing company headquartered in the United Kingdom and Germany. It makes fuelling systems, as well as fluid loading and unloading products for oil and gas, chemical, fuel, and food and beverages. The company is one of four strategic brands that form part of the parent company Ingersoll Rand Transport Solutions. It works across a wide range of different sectors, including road, rail, marine and aviation. It is the largest loading and unloading arms manufacturer in the world and has representation in more than 110 countries.

Food service
The food service (US English) or catering (British and Commonwealth English) industry includes the businesses, institutions, and companies which prepare meals outside the home. It includes restaurants, grocery stores, school and hospital cafeterias, catering operations, and many other formats.

Suppliers to food service operators are food service distributors, who provide small wares (kitchen utensils) and foods. Some companies manufacture products in both consumer and food service versions. The consumer version usually comes in individual-sized packages with elaborate label design for retail sale. The food service version is packaged in a much larger industrial size and often lacks the colorful label designs of the consumer version.
Vince Hall
Vincent Larry Hall (born December 3, 1984) is an American former football linebacker. He was signed by the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Virginia Tech. Hall was also a member of the Buffalo Bills, Richmond Raiders and Richmond Revolution.

Richmond Raiders
The Richmond Raiders were a professional indoor football team located in Richmond, Virginia the Richmond Coliseum as their home arena. The Raiders began play in the 2010 as an expansion team of the American Indoor Football Association (AIFA). The Raiders moved to the Southern Indoor Football League (SIFL) when the Eastern Division of the AIFA merged with the SIFL in the winter of 2010, beginning SIFL play in the 2011 season. After just a single season in the SIFL the Raiders, along with four other members of the SIFL, became the charter members of the Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL). The team was then a member the PIFL from 2012 to 2015.
Op. 56
In music, Op. 56 stands for Opus number 56. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Triple Concerto

Brahms – Variations on a Theme by Haydn

Chopin – Mazurkas, Op. 56

Fauré – Dolly

Goltzius – Frühlingsfeier

Mendelssohn – Symphony No. 3

Prokofiev – Sonata for Two Violins

Schumann – Studies in the Form of Canons for Organ or Pedal Piano (Etuden in kanonischer Form für Orgel oder Pedalklavier)

Sibelius – String Quartet in D minor, Voces intimae (1909)

Tchaikovsky – Concert Fantasia

Dolly (Fauré)
The Dolly Suite, Op. 56, is a collection of pieces for piano duet by Gabriel Fauré. It consists of six short pieces written or revised between 1893 and 1896, to mark the birthdays and other events in the life of the daughter of the composer's mistress, Emma Bardac.

An orchestral version of the suite was scored in 1906 by Henri Rabaud, and has, like the original piano duet version, been the subject of many recordings. The best-known section of the suite, the Berceuse, has been arranged for several combinations of instruments. In the United Kingdom it became famous as the play-out tune to the BBC radio programme Listen with Mother.

The suite consists of six short pieces, each with its own title: Berceuse, Mi-a-ou, Le jardin de Dolly, Kitty-valse, Tendresse, and Le pas espagnol. The complete suite takes about fifteen minutes to perform.
Hugh Pugh (sailor)
Hugh Pugh (1794 or 1795 – 10 August 1865), was a legendary Welsh mariner.

Pugh was the captain of a 60-ton "flat" named the Ann of Liverpool, which traded between Runcorn and Caernarfon. His exploits were recorded by John Glyn Davies in the ballad Fflat Huw Puw.  The ship was wrecked off Barmouth in 1858, but Pugh survived and retired to Caernarfon and later to Llanidan, where he died.

J. Glyn Davies
John Glyn Davies (22 October 1870 – 11 November 1953) was a Welsh scholar, poet and songwriter, most of whose creative writing is in the Welsh language.  His songs for children, often in the form of sea shanties, remain very popular in Wales.  He was also the first librarian of the institution which eventually became the National Library of Wales.  He has been described as "one of the most remarkable figures of his age".
Lucía Corpacci
Lucía Benigna Corpacci (born 4 December 1959) is an Argentine physician and politician. A member of the Justicialist Party, she was governor of Catamarca Province from 2011 to 2019, the first female governor in Catamarca and the fourth female governor of a province in Argentina.

From 2019 to 2021 she has been a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, and since 2021 she is a National Senator representing Catamarca.

Catamarca Province
Catamarca (Spanish pronunciation: [kataˈmaɾka]) is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The province had a population of 429,556 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], and covers an area of 102,602 km2. Its literacy rate is 95.5%. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from the north): Salta, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and La Rioja. To the west it borders the country of Chile.

The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca. Other important cities include Andalgalá, Tinogasta, and Belén.
Kilgass GAA
Enniscrone/Kilglass is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the barony of Tireragh in West Sligo, comprising the parish of Kilglass in County Sligo, Ireland.

Marty Duffy, who refereed the 2009 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, is from the club, as is his brother Michael, who also refereed at national level.

County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.
Speaker of the Parliament of Albania
The speaker of the Parliament of Albania (Albanian: Kryetari i Kuvendit) is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Albania whose term coincides with the term of the Parliament and are elected by a vote during the opening session. The speaker takes over the functions of the office of president when the president is temporarily absent or unable to exercise the powers of the presidency. 
Since the first multi-party elections held after the collapse of the Communist rule, there have been nine speakers of the Parliament. As of 12 September 2025, the speaker of the Parliament is Niko Peleshi.

Fall of communism in Albania
The fall of communism in Albania, sometimes called "De-Enverization", the last such event in Europe outside the Soviet Union, started in December 1990 with student demonstrations in the capital, Tirana, although protests started in January that year in other cities like Shkodër and Kavajë. The Central Committee of the communist Party of Labour of Albania allowed political pluralism on 11 December and the largest opposition party, the Democratic Party, was founded the next day. March 1991 elections left the Party of Labour in power, but a general strike and urban opposition led to the formation of a "stability government" that included non-communists. Albania's former communists were routed in elections in March 1992 amid economic collapse and social unrest, with the Democratic Party winning most seats and its party head, Sali Berisha, becoming president.
Calcagno
Calcagno is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Domenico Calcagno (born 1943), Italian cardinal

Eric Calcagno (born 1967), Argentine sociologist, journalist, diplomat and politician

Fortunato Calcagno (1900–1966), Italian lawyer, politician and officer

Francesco Calcagno (1528–1550), Franciscan friar

Giuseppa Bolognara Calcagno (1826–1884), Italian revolutionary

Lawrence Calcagno (1913–1993), American painter

Raimundo Calcagno (1906–1982), Argentine film critic, journalist and screenwriter

Robert Calcagno (born 1960), Monegasque politician

Umberto Calcagno (born 1970), Italian footballer

Robert Calcagno
Robert Calcagno born 26 June 1960 is a Monegasque politician and leader who is CEO of the Oceanographic Institute Foundation Albert I, Prince of Monaco. 
Robert Calcagno has held ministerial posts in the government of the Principality of Monaco between 2006 and 2009. He now leads the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco and the Maison des océans in Paris
His commitment to the protection of the oceans, to a better balance between Humankind and Nature and, on a broader level, his involvement in the economic, social and international life of the Principality of Monaco, have made him one of the key players in the policies of H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco.
Feline infectious anemia
Feline infectious anemia (FIA) is an infectious disease found in felines, causing anemia and other symptoms. The disease is caused by a variety of infectious agents, most commonly Mycoplasma haemofelis (formerly called Haemobartonella before Haemobartonella and Eperythrozoon species were reclassified as mycoplasmas).

Coinfection often occurs with other infectious agents, including feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), Ehrlichia species, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophilum) is a Gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to neutrophils. It causes anaplasmosis in sheep and cattle, also known as tick-borne fever and pasture fever, and also causes the zoonotic disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis.

A. phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative, obligate bacterium of neutrophils. It causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, which is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. Because this bacterium invades neutrophils, it has a unique adaptation and pathogenetic mechanism.
Islay Hill
Islay Hill is a volcanic cone, and is the southernmost of the nine volcanic mountains and hills that make up the Nine Sisters, located in the San Luis Obispo County of central California.

This chain of extinct, but possibly dormant volcanoes, the eight others volcanic plugs, stretches from Morro Bay southeast to Islay Hill, which is on the southeast side of San Luis Obispo (city).

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
All-Ukrainian Party of People's Trust
The All-Ukrainian Party of People's Trust (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнська партія Народної Довіри) is a political party in Ukraine registered in August 2000 as the Party of protection of disadvantaged people of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Партія захисту знедоленого народу України).

The party participated independently in the 2006 and 2007 Ukrainian parliamentary elections. In the 2006 parliamentary elections, the party failed to win parliamentary representation. In the 2007 parliamentary elections, the party failed to win parliamentary representation again,  winning 0.11% and 0.02%  of the vote respectively. The party did not participate in the 2012 parliamentary elections. And again not in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election.

2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 30 September 2007. The election date was determined following agreement between the President Viktor Yushchenko, the Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych and the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament) Oleksandr Moroz on 27 May 2007, in an attempt to resolve the political crisis in Ukraine triggered by the 2 April 2007 presidential decree on dissolution of Ukraine's parliament.

The 450 seats were divided among all parties that achieved a minimum 3% nationwide vote tally. The number of seats that are allocated to each party, above the 3% participation rate quota, is calculated using the Hamilton method of apportionment.

An alliance of two electoral blocs associated with the Orange Revolution, Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc (BYuT) and Our Ukraine-Peoples Self Defence (OU-PSD) obtained a narrow majority of seats, leaving their main rival, the Party of Regions (PoR) in opposition.
Darinaparsin
Darinaparsin (trade names Darvias and Zinapar) is a drug for the treatment of various types of cancer. It is an arsenic-containing derivative of glutathione.

The mechanism of action of darinaparsin is proposed to involve disruption of mitochondrial function, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and modulation of intracellular signal transduction pathways, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.

Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl (HO2), superoxide (O2−), the hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen(1O2).  ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O2, which is abundant.  ROS are important in many ways, both beneficial and otherwise.  ROS function as signals, that turn on and off biological functions.  They are intermediates in the redox behavior of O2, which is central to fuel cells.  ROS are central to the photodegradation of organic pollutants in the atmosphere.  Most often, however, ROS are discussed in a biological context, ranging from their effects on aging and their role in causing dangerous genetic mutations.
MBM scandal
The MBM scandal was an American political scandal of the 1970s which involved members of the Massachusetts Senate extorting money from McKee-Berger-Mansueto, Inc. (MBM), the consulting company supervising the construction of the University of Massachusetts Boston campus at Columbia Point.

Columbia Point, Boston
Columbia Point, in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, sits on a peninsula jutting out from the mainland of eastern Dorchester into the bay.  Old Harbor Park is on the north side, adjacent to Old Harbor, part of Dorchester Bay.  The peninsula is primarily occupied by Harbor Point, the University of Massachusetts Boston, the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, and a complex at the former Bayside Expo Center, Boston College High School, and the Massachusetts Archives.  The Boston Harborwalk follows the entire coastline.
Sierra de Chuacús
The Sierra de Chuacús is situated in the central highlands of Guatemala, and runs southeast from El Quiché to Baja Verapaz. Its northwestern border is marked by the Chixoy River basin in Uspantán, which separates it from the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes. Its eastern border is marked by the Salamá River which separates it from the Sierra de las Minas. Its southeastern border is defined by the Motagua River valley.

The main crest of the Sierra the Chuacús is located along the El Quiché and Baja Verapáz border, and extends at an elevation above 2,100 m for more than 50 km. Its highest peak reaches up to 2504 m.

Located between the Motagua Fault and the Chixoy-Polochic Fault, the Chuacús mountains were formed by complex tectonic and geological processes that started in the Late Cretaceous.

Chixoy-Polochic Fault
The Chixoy-Polochic Fault, also known as Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic Fault, is a major fault zone in Guatemala and southeast Mexico. It runs in a light arc from the east coast of Guatemala to Chiapas, following the deep valleys of the Polochic River, Chixoy River and Cuilco River.