hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giffen
Giffen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brad Giffen, Canadian television reporter, anchor and radio personality

George Giffen (1859–1927), Australian cricketer

James Giffen, American businessman

Keith Giffen (born 1952), American comic book illustrator and writer

Robert C. Giffen (1886–1962), United States Navy admiral

Robert Giffen (1837–1910), British statistician and economist

Walter Giffen (1861–1949), Australian cricketer

George Giffen
George Giffen (27 March 1859 – 29 November 1927) was a  cricketer who played for South Australia and Australia. An all-rounder who batted in the middle order and often opened the bowling with medium-paced off-spin, Giffen captained Australia during the 1894–95 Ashes series and was the first Australian to score 10,000 runs and take 500 wickets in first-class cricket. He was inducted into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame on 26 February 2008. At the end of his test career in 1896 Griffin scored 1,238 runs with 1131 runs coming in the Ashes tests making him at the time the leading run getter in Ashes tests.
Seldin
Seldin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abigail Seldin (born 1988), American edtech entrepreneur

Cletus Seldin (born 1986), American super lightweight boxer

Donald Seldin (1920–2018), American nephrologist

Millard Seldin (1926–2020), American real estate developer, banker, basketball investor, and horsebreeder

Ronnie Nyogetsu Reishin Seldin (1947–2017), American shakuhachi player

Tim Seldin (born 1946), American educator

Donald Seldin
Donald Wayne Seldin (October 24, 1920 – April 25, 2018) was an American nephrologist. He worked at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and served as chair of the department of medicine for 36 years.

Seldin has been referred to as the "intellectual father of UT Southwestern Medical Center", and transformed a school housed in a dilapidated barracks into a world renowned medical center. He is noted for his contributions to medical ethics and research in kidney function.
Listed buildings in Winkburn
Winkburn is a civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire, England.  The parish contains seven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Winkburn and the surrounding area.  All the listed buildings are in the village, and consist of a church, a country house and its associated stable block, lodge and ice house, a former school and a farmhouse.

Newark and Sherwood
Newark and Sherwood is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest district by area in the county. The council is based in Newark-on-Trent, the area's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Southwell and Ollerton along with a large rural area containing many villages. Much of the district lies within the ancient Sherwood Forest and there are also extensive forestry plantations in the area.

The neighbouring districts are Rushcliffe, Gedling, Ashfield, Mansfield, Bassetlaw, West Lindsey, North Kesteven, South Kesteven and Melton. In 2021 it had a population of 123,383.
Exchange Place, New Orleans
Exchange Place, also known as Exchange Alley and Exchange Passage, is a pedestrian zone that was created in 1831 originally as a small street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. Its original name was Passage de la Bourse, or Exchange Passage. The street was commissioned by the banker and merchant Samuel Jarvis Peters, who thought to build an exchange closer to Canal Street. It was built in coherence with the Merchants' Exchange Building on Royal Street as it acted as a back entrance. The street has been a hidden alleyway to many shops and restaurants over the years.

Samuel Jarvis Peters
Samuel Jarvis Peters (July 1801 – 11 August 1855) was an American businessman and education activist. 
He is notable for his support of public education in New Orleans.  The Times-Democrat described him as the "Father of New Orleans Public Schools".

Peters arrived in New Orleans in 1821, and made his fortune in groceries. He later became the president of the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce.

A public school was named for him in 1897. The school was later renamed as Commercial High School, and subsequently for Israel Meyer Augustine, Jr. The school was closed in 2005.
Earl of Coventry
Earl of Coventry is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England. The first creation for the Villiers family was created in 1623 and took its name from the city of Coventry. It became extinct in 1687. A decade later, the second creation was for the Coventry family and is still extant.

Heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir apparent, whose claim on the position cannot be displaced in this manner.
HMS Obedient
Two destroyers of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Obedient:

The first, HMS Obedient (1916), launched in 1916, was an Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in World War I, and was sold in 1921.

The second, HMS Obedient (G48), launched in 1942, was an O-class destroyer that served in World War II, engaging the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper on 31 December 1942 (Battle of the Barents Sea). She was broken up in 1962.

O and P-class destroyer
The O and P class was a class of destroyers of the British Royal Navy. Ordered in 1939, they were the first ships in the War Emergency Programme, also known as the 1st and 2nd Emergency Flotilla, respectively. They served as convoy escorts in World War II, and some were subsequently converted to fast second-rate anti-submarine frigates in the 1950s.
Sugarpop
Sugarpop (also stylized as SugarPop) was a child musical group which appeared regularly on GMA Network's concert television show, SOP. All of SugarPop's members are from a child singing competition on QTV named Popstar Kids. The group were given the name SugarPop by Jaya, one of the hosts and singers on the now defunct SOP Rules which was replaced by Party Pilipinas, later replaced by the show Sunday All Stars.

Sunday All Stars
Sunday All Stars is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by GMA Network. It premiered on June 16, 2013 on the network's Sunday Grande sa Hapon line up. The show concluded on August 2, 2015 with a total of 107 episodes.
Laurer's canal
Laurer's canal is a part of the reproductive system of trematodes, analogous to the vagina. Trematodes are a class of worm-like parasites divided into two subclasses, Aspidogastrea and Digenea. In Digeneans, Laurer's canal  opens from the dorsal surface of the body. In some Aspidogastreans, the canal ends in a blind ended sac. Laurer's canal may be used by the flukes during copulation, but more normally sperm enters the female system via the common genital atrium, (into which the uterus opens), either during copulation, or self-fertilisation.

Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen before the fusion of gametes, are also sometimes informally referred to as fertilisation, these are technically separate processes. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms, the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.
Methodist Episcopal Church (Dryden, New York)
Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic Methodist Episcopal church located at Dryden in Tompkins County, New York. It is a 2+1⁄2-story frame church structure built in 1874 in the Romanesque Revival style.  It is located at the northeast corner of the "four corners" main intersection and, with its towering spire, serves as a focal point and community landmark.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Tompkins County, New York
Tompkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,740. The county seat is Ithaca. The name is in honor of Daniel D. Tompkins, who served as Governor of New York and Vice President of the United States. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Tompkins County comprises the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Cornell University, Ithaca College and Tompkins Cortland Community College.
WKHZ
WKHZ (1460 AM) is a radio station licensed to Easton, Maryland, United States. The station is owned by Bill Parris.

In October 2010, the station was transferred from its former owner, First Media Radio, LLC, to Radio Broadcast Communications, Inc.  The station's call letters were then changed from WEMD to WKHZ on December 30, 2010.

The station became part of the KHZTV network with stations throughout Maryland including WAMD in Harford County and WYRE in Annapolis. Considered a multimedia platform with an internet TV channel playing videos and the audio on the networked radio stations, personalities such as Tracy Hart work as VJs.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
Kitanzini
Kitanzini is an administrative ward in the Iringa Urban district of the Iringa Region of Tanzania. In 2016, the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics reported that there are 3,785 people in the ward, from 3,617 in 2012.: 89 : 107

Iringa Urban District
Iringa Urban District is one of the five districts of the Iringa Region of Tanzania. It is bordered to the north, east, and west by the Iringa Rural District and to the south by the Kilolo District.

According to the 2022 census, the population of the Iringa Urban District was 202,490.
Sabina Sharipova
Sabina Sharipova (born 4 September 1994) is an Uzbeki former professional tennis player.

Over her career, she won 15 singles titles and seven doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 5 November 2018, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 122. On 9 October 2017, she peaked at No. 197 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for the Uzbekistan Fed Cup team, Sharipova has accumulated a win–loss record of 20–17.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Ladyhawke (film)
Ladyhawke is a 1985 medieval fantasy film directed and produced by Richard Donner and starring Matthew Broderick, Rutger Hauer, and Michelle Pfeiffer. The story is about a young thief who becomes unwillingly involved with a warrior and his lady who are hunted by the Bishop of Aquila. As he learns about the couple's past and secret, he chooses to help them overcome the Bishop's forces, and to lift an infernal curse.

Ladyhawke was released on April 12, 1985 by Warner Bros. in the United States, with 20th Century Fox releasing in other territories. The film received positive reviews from critics but underperformed at the box office, grossing $18.4 million against a $20 million budget. In the same year, Joan D. Vinge published a novelization of the film, also titled Ladyhawke.

Historical fantasy
Historical fantasy is a category of fantasy and genre of historical fiction that incorporates fantastic elements (such as magic) into a more "realistic" narrative. There is much crossover with other subgenres of fantasy; those classed as Arthurian, Celtic, or Dark Ages could just as easily be placed in historical fantasy. Stories fitting this classification generally take place prior to the 20th century.

Films of this genre may have plots set in biblical times or classical antiquity. They often have plots based very loosely on mythology or legends of Greek-Roman history, or the surrounding cultures of the same era.
Andrew Squire (cricketer)
Andrew John Squire (born 9 March 1964) is a former English cricketer.  Squire was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Mildenhall, Suffolk.

Squire made his debut for Suffolk in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire.  Squire played Minor counties cricket infrequently for Suffolk from 1985 to 2001, which included 68 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Essex in the 1993 NatWest Trophy.  He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Herefordshire in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was played in 2001. In his 4 List A matches, he scored 46 runs at an average of 11.50, with a high score of 29.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD20
In molecular biology, snoRNA U20 (also known as SNORD20)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U20 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U20 is encoded in intron 11 of the nucleolin gene in human, mouse and rat. It is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue U1804.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Tele-TASK
Tele-TASK is a university research project in the e-learning area. It can be applied to lecture recording, post-processing and distribution. Research topics include e-learning, tele-teaching, semantic web, video analysis, speech recognition, collaborative learning, social networking, web technologies, recommendation systems, statistics and video codecs and conversion.

The project was founded by Christoph Meinel and his research group at the University of Trier. When he accepted the chair for Internet Technologies and Systems at Hasso Plattner Institute at the University of Potsdam/Germany, the tele-TASK project also moved with him.

Reference software was developed as proof of concept, such as an online e-lecture archive a lecture recording system and a post-production tool.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
The Omnific
The Omnific is an Australian progressive metal band from Melbourne that formed in 2016, and is known for their unique lineup of two bassists and one drummer. The band currently consists of bassist Matt Fackrell, bassist Toby Peterson-Stewart and drummer Jerome Lematua. The Omnific have released two studio albums, three EP's and two standalone singles. The band's debut album, Escapades (2021), reached number 3 on the Australian AIR Charts.

Australian Independent Record Labels Association
The Australian Independent Record Labels Association (commonly known as AIR), formerly Association of Independent Record Labels, is a non-profit trade association which supports the growth and development of Australia's independent recording industry. It represents Australian-owned record labels and independent artists based in Australia who function without the backing of major record labels.

AIR was founded in 1996 in Sydney and is now located in Melbourne.  In 2000, it founded the Independent Music Charts, also known as AIR Charts, which track the sales of Australia's highest-selling independent artists on a weekly and monthly basis, and since 2006 the annual Independent Music Awards, or AIR Awards, have been run to celebrate the year's highest-charting independently released Australian singles and albums.
Berlenti Abdul Hamid
Berlenti Abdel Hamid (Arabic: برلنتي عبد الحميد  pronounced [beɾˈlænti ʕæbdel.ħæˈmiːd]) (20 November 1935 – 1 December 2010), born Nefisa Abdel-Hamid Hawass (Arabic: نفيسة عبد الحميد حواس), was a prominent Egyptian actress and an icon of the Egyptian cinema's golden age. She is known for her roles as a "temptress". She married Abdel Hakim Amer, the first vice-president of the former Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Abdel Hakim Amer
Mohamed Abdel Hakim Amer (Arabic: محمد عبد الحكيم عامر, IPA: [mæˈħæmmæd ʕæbdelħæˈkiːm ˈʕæːmeɾ]; 11 December 1919 – 13 September 1967), better known as Abdel Hakim Amer, was an Egyptian military officer and politician. Amer served in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and played a leading role in the military coup that overthrew King Farouk in 1952.  After leading Egyptian forces in the 1956 Suez war, he was appointed Minister for Defense by President Gamal Abdel Nasser and was Egyptian Vice President between 1958 and 1965.
Utö Lighthouse
The Utö Lighthouse is located on the island of Utö, in Pargas municipality, Finland. The 24-metre-high (79 ft) tower is situated on the island's summit. After the original round lighthouse (Finland's first lighthouse) was destroyed during the Russo-Swedish Wars of 1808–09, the present structure was constructed in 1814, with the present lens installed in 1906.

The lighthouse is painted as the signal flag H (Hotel), as the island has a maritime pilot station. Likewise, the light signal of the lighthouse is four short flashes (....) as Morse code letter 'H'.

Finnish War
The Finnish War (Swedish: Finska kriget; Russian: Финляндская война; Finnish: Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish royal house, in 1818.
Hamrane Heights
The Hamrane Heights (72°32′S 0°36′E﻿ / ﻿72.533°S 0.600°E﻿ / -72.533; 0.600) are ice-free heights between Skarsdalen Valley and Hei Glacier in the Sverdrup Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). The heights were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Hamrane (the crags).

Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition
The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (also known as NBSX or NBSAE) (1949–1952) was the first Antarctica expedition involving an international team of scientists. The team members came from Norway, Sweden and the British Commonwealth of Nations.
Frantz Bruun
Frantz Gottlieb Bruun (19 March 1832 – 6 October 1908) was a Norwegian priest.

He was born in Vikør as the son of Fredrik Christian Bruun and Anna Hegelund Krogh Irgens. His mother Anna was a paternal granddaughter of the bishop Ole Irgens and maternal granddaughter of Johan Daniel Stub.

He was ordained as a priest in the Church of Norway, but had to leave his office in Finnmark in 1868 due to health problems. However, he later resurfaced as an orthodox revivalist preacher based in Kristiansand and Kristiania. Several of his texts were printed and published.

He died in 1908 in Østre Aker.

Kvam Municipality
Kvam is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located along the Hardangerfjorden in the traditional district of Hardanger. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Norheimsund. Other larger settlements in the municipality include Øystese, Strandebarm, Ålvik, Tørvikbygd, Omastranda, Vikedal, Vikøy, and Mundheim. Historically, it was named Vikør Municipality.

The 616.95-square-kilometre (238.21 sq mi) municipality is the 187th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Kvam Municipality is the 129th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,517. The municipality's population density is 13.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (36/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1% over the previous 10-year period.