hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fokker E.II
The Fokker E.II was the second variant of the German Fokker Eindecker single-seat monoplane fighter aircraft of World War I. The E.II was essentially a Fokker E.I with the 75 kW (100 hp) Oberursel U.I 9-cylinder rotary engine, a close copy of the French Gnôme Monosoupape rotary of the same power output, in place of the E.I's 60 kW (80 hp) Oberursel U.0, but whereas the E.I was simply a M.5K with a 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine gun bolted to it, the E.II was designed with the weapon system integrated with its airframe.

Motorenfabrik Oberursel
Motorenfabrik Oberursel A.G. was a German manufacturer of automobile, locomotive and aircraft engines situated in Oberursel (Taunus), near Frankfurt (Main), Germany. During World War I it supplied a major 100 hp-class rotary engine that was used in a number of early-war fighter aircraft designs. In 1921 the company merged with Deutz AG, and then again in 1930 with Humboldt-Deutz Motoren, and finally in 1938 with Klöcknerwerke AG. From this point on they were known as the Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Oberursel factory, known primarily for their locomotive engines. Today they are part of Rolls-Royce Deutschland, and produce one family of their jet engines.

The factory in Oberursel is claimed to be the oldest surviving aircraft engine factory in the world.
LA Cyber Lab
The Los Angeles Cyber Lab, a 501(c) nonprofit organization, founded in August 2017, with Cisco Systems, is a "public-private cybersecurity initiative designed to help the (small and mid-sized) business community stay ahead of security threats"

In 2018, Department of Homeland Security awarded LA Cyber Lab a $3 million grant.

In 2019, with the backing of IBM, it added a threat-intelligence Web portal and an app for Android and IOS.

Cyber NYC, is New York City's similar cybersecurity initiative. New York City Cyber Command is a city government agency.

Zimperium enterprise mobile security apps are sponsored by State of Michigan, NYC Cyber Command and Los Angeles Metro Rail.

Zimperium
Zimperium, Inc. is a privately owned mobile security company based in the United States and headquartered in Dallas, Texas.  Zimperium provides a mobile security platform purpose-built for enterprise environments.
Small unit tactics
Small unit tactics is the application of US Army military doctrine for the combat deployment of platoons and smaller units in a particular strategic and logistic environment. The composition of a United States Army squad falls into three broad categories: classical, balanced and combined.

Military doctrine
Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements. A military doctrine outlines what military means should be used, how forces should be structured, where forces should be deployed, and the modes of cooperation between types of forces. "Joint doctrine" refers to the doctrines shared and aligned by multinational forces or joint service operations.

There are three broad categories of military doctrines: (1) Offensive doctrines aim to punish an adversary, (2) Defensive doctrines aim to deny an adversary, and (3) Deterrent doctrines aim to disarm an adversary. Different military doctrines have different implications for world politics. For example, offensive doctrines tend to lead to arms races and conflicts.
Clare Shaw
Clare Elaine Shaw (born 30 December 1972) is a British poet, author, educator, disability advocate, and environmental activist. They are the author of four poetry collections published by Bloodaxe Books: Straight Ahead (2006), Head On (2012), Flood (2018), and Towards a General Theory of Love (2022).

Forward Prizes for Poetry
The Forward Prizes for Poetry are major British awards for poetry, presented annually at a public ceremony in London. They were founded in 1992 by William Sieghart with the aim of celebrating excellence in poetry and increasing its audience. The prizes do this by identifying and honouring talent: collections published in the UK and Ireland over the course of the previous year are eligible, as are single poems nominated by journal editors or prize organisers. Each year, works shortlisted for the prizes – plus those highly commended by the judges – are collected in the Forward Book of Poetry.

The awards have been sponsored since their inception by the content marketing agency Bookmark, formerly Forward Worldwide. The best first collection prize is sponsored by the estate of Felix Dennis.

The Forward Prizes for Poetry celebrated their 30th anniversary in 2021. In 2023, a new category for outstanding performance of a poem was added to the list of awards.
Melleby Peak
Melleby Peak (73°16′S 1°15′W﻿ / ﻿73.267°S 1.250°W﻿ / -73.267; -1.250) is a peak marking the eastern end of the Neumayer Cliffs in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). The peak was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59), and was named for Peter Melleby, who was in charge of sledge dogs with the NBSAE.

German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)
The German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–1939 was led by Kriegsmarine captain Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963) and was the third official Antarctic expedition of the German Reich, by order of the "Commissioner for the Four Year Plan" Hermann Göring. Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat was mandated with planning and preparation.

The expedition's main objective was of economic nature, in particular the establishment of a whaling station and the acquisition of fishing grounds for a German whaling fleet in order to reduce the Reich's dependence on the import of industrial oils, fats and dietary fats. Preparations took place under strict secrecy as the enterprise was also tasked to make a feasibility assessment for a future occupation of Antarctic territory in the region between 20 ° West and 20 ° East.
Jørgen Leth
Jørgen Leth (Danish: [ˈjɶɐ̯ˀn̩ ˈlet]; 14 June 1937 – 29 September 2025) was a Danish poet and film director who was considered a leading figure in experimental documentary filmmaking. Most notable is his documentary A Sunday in Hell (1977) and his surrealistic short film The Perfect Human (1968). He was also a sports commentator for Danish television and was represented by the film production company Sunset Productions.

Danish Film Institute
The Danish Film Institute (Danish: Det Danske Filminstitut; DFI) is the national Danish agency responsible for supporting and encouraging film and cinema culture, and for conserving these in the national interest. It is the successor organisation to the Danish Film Foundation (Danish: Den Danske Filmfond).

Also known as Filmhuset ("the film house"), it is located in Gothersgade in central Copenhagen. Facilities directed at the general public include a library and Cinemateket, Denmark's national film museum. Tine Fischer was appointed to take over from current director of the institute, Claus Ladegaard, from 1 August 2024.
Liudvyshche
Liudvyshche (Ukrainian: Людвище) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk urban hromada.  After the liquidation of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion (Ukrainian: Шумський район) was a former raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Shumsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Shumsk Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 32,625 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Shumsk urban hromada with the administration in Shumsk;

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velyki Dederkaly.
Du Barry, Woman of Passion
Du Barry, Woman of Passion is a 1930 American pre-Code dramatic film starring Norma Talmadge, produced by her husband Joseph M. Schenck, released through United Artists, and based on a 1901 stage play Du Barry written and produced by David Belasco and starring Mrs. Leslie Carter.

This film is the second talking picture of silent star Talmadge and also her last motion picture.  Prints of this film survive in the Library of Congress.

Mrs. Leslie Carter
Caroline Louise Dudley (June 10, 1857 – November 13, 1937), known professionally as Mrs. Leslie Carter, was an American silent film and stage actress who found fame on Broadway through collaborations with impresario David Belasco. She was a beautiful and vivacious performer with strikingly red hair, known as "The American Sarah Bernhardt". She acted under her married name, Mrs. Leslie Carter, which she continued to use even after her divorce.
Clipping (publications)
Clipping is the practice of cutting out articles from a paper publication, such as a newspaper or a magazine. Clippings are commonly used for personal reference, archiving, or preservation of noteworthy events.

Publication
To publish is to make content available to the general public. While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper (newspapers, magazines, catalogs, etc.). Publication means the act of publishing, and also any copies issued for public distribution.
Lindela Ndlovu
Lindela Rowland Ndlovu (died 18 November 2015) was a Zimbabwean biochemist and Vice-Chancellor of the National University of Science and Technology. He was also a founding member of the Zimbabwe Academy of Science and served as the Honorary President of the South African Academy of Animal Science.

He served as a Professor of Animal Science at the University of Limpopo in South Africa, and for nine years was Dean of Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Zimbabwe. He spent several decades in the United States studying animal science. Ndlovu earned his PhD degree in 1985 at the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada.

In 1995, Ndlovu helped initiate a research project with J. D. Reed from the University of Wisconsin into the ecological biochemistry of proanthocyanidins. In 2007, he was the recipient of the Gold Medal for Research from the South African Academy for Animal Science.

National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe
The National University of Science and Technology (NUST) is the second largest public research university in Zimbabwe, located in Bulawayo. It was established in 1991.
On 8 April 1991, NUST opened for the first time with 270 students in three faculties. The number of academic staff was 28.

The university has established its own radio station known as nustFM
Élisabeth Duparc
Élisabeth Duparc or Du Parc, nicknamed "La Francesina", (c. 1715 – died July 20, 1778) was a French soprano.

She was notable for appearing in several premieres and performances of the oratorios and operas of Handel - she played the title role, for example, in the premieres of Semele, and sang in the premiere of Serse and Saul.

After training in Italy she sang in Florence (1731, 1734–35) then London (1736 onwards) - at the latter she initially joined the Opera of the Nobility, where she appeared in operas by Riccardo Broschi, Egidio Duni, Giovanni Battista Pescetti and Francesco Maria Veracini.

Saul (Handel)
Saul (HWV 53) is a dramatic oratorio in three acts written by George Frideric Handel with a libretto by Charles Jennens. Taken from the First Book of Samuel, the story of Saul focuses on the first king of Israel's relationship with his eventual successor, David—one which turns from admiration to envy and hatred, ultimately leading to the downfall of the eponymous monarch.  The work, which Handel composed in 1738, includes the famous "Dead March", a funeral anthem for Saul and his son Jonathan following their deaths in the Battle of Mount Gilboa at the hands of the Philistines, and some of the composer's most dramatic choral pieces. Saul premiered successfully at the King's Theatre in London on 16 January 1739, and was revived by Handel in subsequent seasons.
Shower (song)
"Shower" is a song by American singer and rapper Becky G. It was released on April 23, 2014, by Kemosabe Records and RCA Records. The song was written by Dr. Luke, Cirkut, and Rock City and it was produced by the former two. Its music video was released on June 30, 2014. "Shower" was Gomez's only top 20 hit in the United States until her single "Mamiii" was released in 2022. "Shower" also reached the top 10 in the Czech Republic, Israel, the Netherlands, and Norway. The song is certified multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling over 2 million copies in the country. The official remix features American rapper Tyga.

In late January 2026, the song reached one billion streams on Spotify, becoming her first solo song and second overall to reach the milestone.

Kemosabe Records
Kemosabe Records is an American record label founded by record producer Dr. Luke in 2011. It was launched as an imprint of RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment. Based in Los Angeles, California, the label has signed acts including Doja Cat, Kesha, Becky G, Juicy J, R. City, Lil Bibby, G.R.L., LunchMoney Lewis, and Yelle.
Jan Faberski
Jan Jakub Faberski (born 22 April 2006) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a winger, attacking midfielder or wide midfielder for Eredivisie club PEC Zwolle, on loan from Eerste Divisie club Jong Ajax.

Eerste Divisie
The Eerste Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːrstə diˈvizi]; English: First Division), officially known as the Keuken Kampioen Divisie due to sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest tier of football in the Netherlands. It is linked with the top-level Eredivisie via promotion/relegation systems.
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 1 – Men's 5000 metres
The men's 5000 metres race of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 1, arranged in the Olympic Oval, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, was held on 10 November 2013.

Sven Kramer of the Netherlands won, followed by fellow Dutchman Jorrit Bergsma in second place, and Lee Seung-hoon of South Korea in third place. Jonathan Kuck of the United States won Division B.

Jonathan Kuck
Jonathan Kuck (born March 14, 1990) is an American speed skater and silver medalist in the Winter Olympics.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Kuck won a silver medal in the team pursuit along with Brian Hansen and Chad Hedrick. Kuck has also won four medals at the World Championships, a silver medal at the World Allround Championships, and a silver medal at the World Junior Championships.
PKF – Prague Philharmonia
The PKF – Prague Philharmonia (Czech: Pražská komorní filharmonie, abbreviation: PKF; literal translation, "Prague Chamber Philharmonia") is a Czech orchestra based in Prague. The orchestra gives concerts in several venues in Prague, including the Dvořák Hall of the Rudolfinum, the Church of St. Simon and Jude, the Švanda Theatre in Smíchov and the Salon Philharmonia. The orchestra receives government and civic sponsorship from the Czech Ministry of Culture, the City of Prague and the Prague 1 Municipal Authority.

Rudolfinum
The Rudolfinum is a building in Prague, Czech Republic. It is designed in the neo-Renaissance style and is situated on Jan Palach Square on the bank of the river Vltava. Since its opening in 1885, it has been associated with music and art.

Currently, the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and Galerie Rudolfinum are based in the building. Its largest music auditorium, Dvořák Hall, is one of the main venues of the Prague Spring International Music Festival and is noted for its excellent acoustics.
Mariam Saleem
Mariam Saleem is a Pakistani  actress. She made her on-screen debut in 2015 and has acted in television series, film, theater plays and web-series. Slaeem made her cinematic debut in 2017 opposite Shehroz Sabzwari with Chain Aye Na.

Shahroz Sabzwari
Shahroz Sabzwari (Urdu: شہروز سبزواری; born 25 August 1985) is a Pakistani actor and model who is known for his role in the film Khulay Aasman Ke Neechay directed by Javed Sheikh. He played the lead role in the 2016 television drama series Deewana produced by Hum TV.
German submarine U-141 (1940)
German submarine U-141 was a Type IID U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 12 December 1939 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 270. She was launched on 27 July 1940 and commissioned on 21 August 1940 with Oberleutnant zur See Heinz-Otto Schultze in command.

U-141 began her service life with the 1st U-boat Flotilla. She was then assigned to the 3rd flotilla and subsequently to the 21st flotilla where she conducted four patrols, sinking four ships and damaging another, between May and September 1941. She spent the rest of the war as a training vessel, moving over to the 31st flotilla.

She was scuttled on 5 May 1945.

31st U-boat Flotilla
31st U-boat Flotilla ("31. Unterseebootsflottille") was a training flotilla ("Ausbildungsflottille") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The flotilla was formed in Hamburg in September 1943 under the command of Kapitän zur See Bruno Mahn. Later based at Wilhelmshaven, and then Wesermünde, it was commanded by Carl Emmermann for the final month of the war. It was disbanded in May 1945 when Germany surrendered.
Tax amortization benefit
In accounting, tax amortization benefit (or tax amortisation benefit) refers to the present value of income tax savings resulting from the tax deduction generated by the amortization of an intangible asset.

Tax deduction
A tax deduction is an amount deducted from taxable income, usually based on expenses such as those incurred to produce additional income. Tax deductions are a form of tax incentives, along with exemptions and tax credits. The difference between deductions, exemptions, and credits is that deductions and exemptions both reduce taxable income, while credits reduce tax.
Exit Wounds (soundtrack)
Exit Wounds: The Album is the soundtrack to Andrzej Bartkowiak's 2001 film Exit Wounds. It was released on March 20, 2001, four days after the film, through Blackground Records and Virgin Records with distribution via Warner Bros. Records, and consists primarily of hip hop music. The album composed of seventeen songs and features performances by the film star DMX, as well as Black Child, Drag-On, Ja Rule, Lady Luck, Mack 10, Memphis Bleek, Nas, Redman, Sheek Louch, Styles P, Three 6 Mafia, Trick Daddy, Trina, and WC among others. American rapper Christian "Yung Berg" Ward, then known as Iceberg, made his debut on this soundtrack on the track "Dog 4 Life".

The album peaked at number 8 on the Billboard 200 and at number 5 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. It spawned a one charting single, "No Sunshine", which made it to #67 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

Andrzej Bartkowiak
Andrzej Bartkowiak, ASC (born 6 March 1950) is a Polish cinematographer and film director based in the United States.

He became known in the 1980s for his partnership with director Sidney Lumet, shooting 11 of his films between 1981 and 1993.

He later became known as a director of action films, including the Jet Li vehicles Romeo Must Die (2000) and Cradle 2 the Grave (2003), and the video game adaptations Doom (2005) and Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li (2009).
2013 State Basketball League season
The 2013 State Basketball League season was the 25th season of the State Basketball League (SBL). The regular season began on Friday 15 March and ended on Saturday 27 July. The finals began on Friday 2 August and concluded with the women's grand final on Friday 30 August and the men's grand final on Saturday 31 August.

NBL1 West Coach of the Year Award
The NBL1 West Coach of the Year is an annual NBL1 West award given to the best performing head coach of the regular season. Known as the State Basketball League (SBL) Coach of the Year from 1989 to 2019, the SBL was rebranded to NBL1 West in 2021.

In 2014, the Coach of the Year award for the Men's League was named in honour of John Gardiner following his death. A former Olympian, Gardiner was involved with basketball for more than 50 years as a player, coach and administrator at all levels of the game. He coached more than 400 games and won five Men's SBL championships with the Perry Lakes Hawks, including four consecutive between 2001 and 2004.
Last-minute goal
The term "last-minute goal" is used in sport, primarily association football, to describe a goal scored very late in a game, usually one that affects the outcome of the game. The definition of a "last-minute goal" commonly used is one scored either in the final or penultimate minute of regulation time or extra time, or during stoppage time or injury time.

Last-minute goals are often noteworthy if it allows the scoring team to either take the lead or to equalise.

The "golden goal", briefly used to decide extra time in some tournaments, is not usually considered a last-minute goal, unless they were scored late into extra time. Penalties scored in a shootout are not considered last-minute goals.

2013–14 Segunda División
The 2013–14 Segunda División season (known as the Liga Adelante for sponsorship reasons) was the 83rd since its establishment. The season started on 17 August 2013 and the league phase of 42 rounds ended on 8 June 2014. The entire season ended on 22 June 2014 with the promotion play-off finals.
Água de Alto
Água de Alto is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Franca do Campo on the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 1,788, in an area of 18.41 km2.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Clearview, Washington
Clearview is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 3,324 at the 2010 census. Clearview is located on the west side of State Route 9, where it intersects 180th Street SE (once known as Vine Street) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. It is located between Snohomish and Woodinville and the top of the Clearview Hill.

Woodinville, Washington
Woodinville is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 13,069 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the Seattle metropolitan area and is east of Bothell. Woodinville has waterfront parks on the Sammamish River, a winery district, and industrial areas along State Route 522.
Cassells
Cassells is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Oliver Cassells (born 1988), Australian academic, podcast host

Cyrus Cassells (born 1957), American poet

Keith Cassells (born 1957), English footballer

Thomas Cassells (1902–1944), Scottish politician

William Wharton Cassells (died 1925), Anglican missionary, one of the Cambridge Seven

Thomas Cassells
Thomas Cassells (7 August 1902 – 16 June 1944) was a Labour Party politician in Scotland who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dunbartonshire from 1936 to 1941.

He won the seat at a by-election in March 1936, when his predecessor resigned to become Governor of Burma. A solicitor by training, Cassells held the seat until his appointment in 1941 as a Sheriff-substitute of Inverness, Elgin and Nairn, when he was succeeded at a by-election by Adam McKinlay. He also served as Dean of Guild for the Burgh for Falkirk.

Thomas Cassells was educated at Hamilton Academy where one of his teachers had been Robert Gibson, himself a former pupil of the school, and who was also to serve as a Labour MP (for Greenock) and over the same period, 1936–41. From the academy, Cassells studied at both Glasgow and Edinburgh universities. He was McFarlane Scholar in Law at Glasgow.