hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Central Desktop
Central Desktop is a collaboration software. The company's primary focus is providing a Software-as-a-Service collaboration tool to small and medium-sized businesses. The company and its products are most often compared to other wiki-based and project-centric solutions such as SharePoint and Basecamp. As of November 2013, the company serves more than 650,000 users worldwide with customers such as Gymboree, Nielsen, CBS, The Ritz-Carlton, Netflix and Harvard University.

Nielsen Holdings
Nielsen Holdings plc (or simply Nielsen) is an American media audience measurement firm. Nielsen operates in over 100 countries and employs approximately 15,000 people worldwide.

For most of its history, the company was known for its two subsidiaries, Nielsen Media Research, which was responsible for TV ratings, and AC Nielsen, which was responsible for consumer shopping trends and box-office data. Nielsen Media Research later evolved into Global Media division and the AC Nielsen later evolved into Global Connect division. The company later decided to retain its Global Media division and divested the Global Connect division (NielsenIQ, the former AC Nielsen) to private equity firm Advent International in March 2021.

The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and used to be a component of the S&P 500.
Desmond Surfleet
Desmond Ford Surfleet (5 February 1912, in Drumcondra, Dublin, Ireland – 13 May 2006, in Los Altos, California) was an Irish cricketer and schoolmaster.

He was educated at University College School (UCS), Hampstead, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he qualified as a doctor. He created an impression for UCS in schools cricket and also in club cricket for Finchley.

He represented Cambridge University and Middlesex in 14 first-class matches between 1931 and 1933 as a defensive top-order batsman and off-spinner. He scored 86 on his Freshman's debut versus against the New Zealand tourists in 1931. He scored 337 runs at an average of 16.85 and took seven catches. After entering teaching, he took part in no further county cricket.

He was the second oldest surviving Middlesex cricketer at the time of his death in May 2006.

Schoolmaster
A schoolmaster, or simply master, is a male school teacher. The usage first occurred in England in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period. At that time, most schools were one-room or two-room schools and had only one or two such teachers, a second or third being often called an assistant schoolmaster. The use of the traditional term survives in British private schools, both secondary and preparatory, and in grammar schools, as well as in some Commonwealth boarding schools (such as the Doon School in India) which are modelled on British grammar and public schools.
Commercetools
commercetools, is a cloud-based headless commerce platform that provides APIs to power e-commerce sales and similar functions for large businesses. Both the company and platform are called commercetools. The company is headquartered in Munich, Germany with additional offices in Berlin, Germany; Jena, Germany; Amsterdam, Netherlands; London, England; Durham, North Carolina; Zürich, Switzerland; Sydney, Australia; Shanghai, China and Singapore. Through its investor REWE Group it is associated with the omnichannel order fulfillment software solutions provider fulfillmenttools and the payment transactions provider paymenttools. Its clients include Audi, Bang & Olufsen, Carhartt and Nuts.com. commercetools is a founding member of the MACH Alliance.

Carhartt
Carhartt, Inc. is an American clothing company founded in 1889, known for heavy-duty work wear such as jackets, coats, overalls, coveralls, vests, shirts, jeans, dungarees, fire-resistant clothing and hunting apparel. Carhartt remains a family-owned company, owned by the descendants of founder Hamilton Carhartt, with its headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan. It is known for its slogan "True to This".
Capital punishment in Michigan
Capital punishment in Michigan was legal from the founding of Sault Ste Marie in 1668 during the French colonial period, until abolition by the state legislature in 1846 (except nominally for treason). Only one federal execution has ever been carried out in Michigan, at FCI Milan in 1938.

Michigan's death penalty history is unusual, as Michigan was the first Anglosphere jurisdiction in the world to abolish the death penalty for ordinary crimes. The Michigan State Legislature voted to do so on May 18, 1846, and that has remained the law ever since. Although the death penalty was formally retained as a punishment for treason until 1963, no person was ever tried for treason against Michigan. Thus, Michigan has not executed any person since before statehood.

Michigan Legislature
The Michigan Legislature is the legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is organized as a bicameral body composed of the Senate (the upper chamber) and the House of Representatives (the lower chamber). Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The chief purposes of the Legislature are to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws. The Legislature meets in the Capitol building in Lansing.

The 103rd Michigan Legislature was sworn in on January 11, 2025.
Rakkayi Koyil
Rakkayi Koyil (transl. Rakkayi's Temple) is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language drama film, directed and co-written by Manivasagam. The film stars Vijayakumar, Selva and Kasthuri, with an ensemble supporting cast including Manorama, Goundamani and Senthil. It was released on 5 February 1993.

Selva (actor)
Selva is an Indian actor who has worked on Tamil-language films in leading and supporting roles. After appearing in several films as a lead actor in the 1990s, he made a comeback in two films directed by Mysskin in the 2010s.
Boombamela
Boombamela (Hebrew: בומבמלה) is a formerly New Age-oriented and more recently  mainstream festival held annually on Chol HaMoed Pesach (Intermediate Days of Passover) in Israel since 1999. The inspiration for the festival is the Hindu festival of Kumbh Mela. Its organizers have described it as "a place for meeting, experiencing, crossing borders and transcending social limitations through music, creation, and connection with nature." The festival is located on the remote sandy Nitzanim beach, between Ashdod and Ashkelon.

The festival has risen in popularity and prominence over the years and is now perhaps the most famous of Israel's festivals (challenged only by Tel Aviv's summer Love Parade). The seventh Boombamela, in 2005, attracted 36,000 visitors - the third highest, after 2004's 41,000 and 2003's 37,500.  More and more foreigners have taken note of the festival, and a visitor will often hear various other tongues being spoken beside Hebrew.

Love Parade
The Love Parade (German: Loveparade) was an electronic dance music festival and technoparade that originated in 1989 in West Berlin, Germany. It was held annually in Berlin from 1989 to 2003 and in 2006, then from 2007 to 2010 in the Ruhr region. Events scheduled for 2004 and 2005 in Berlin and for 2009 in Bochum were canceled.

On 24 July 2010, a crowd crush at the Love Parade in Duisburg caused the deaths of 21 people, with at least 500 others injured. As a consequence, the organizer of the festival announced that no further Love Parades would be held and that the festival was permanently canceled.
Jonas Collin
Jonas Collin (6 January 1776 – 28 August 1861) was a Danish civil servant and patron of the arts. He took care of Hans Christian Andersen when the later writer first arrived in Copenhagen as a child and remained his loyal friend and supporter for the remainder of his life. He was also involved in the foundation of the Thorvaldsen Museum.

Michael Gottlieb Birckner
Michael Gottlieb Birckner (21 August 1756 – 1 December 1798) was a Danish priest and philosopher.

Birckner especially explored the subject of Freedom of Speech. The American historian H. Arnold Barton has characterised Birckner, along with Niels Ditlev Riegels, as being "one of the most original thinkers" of the radical group of authors in Denmark in this period. The Danish jurist Peter Germer in his book The Nature of Freedom of Speech (Ytringsfrihedens Væsen, 1973) shows that Birckners ideas was akin to ideas that Scottish-American philosopher Alexander Meiklejohn proposed in his Free Speech and Its Relation to Self-Government (1948).
Gallery (surname)
Gallery is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel V. Gallery (1901–1977), Rear Admiral in the U.S. Navy during World War II; fought in the Battle of the Atlantic

Mary Onahan Gallery (1866–1941), American writer, editor

Philip D. Gallery (1907–1973), Rear Admiral in the U.S. Navy during World War II; served on naval destroyers in the Pacific Theater

Robert Gallery (born 1980), American football player

Tom Gallery (1897–1993), American silent film actor, sports promoter, and television executive

William O. Gallery (1904–1981), Rear Admiral in the U.S. Navy during World War II; served as a naval aviator in the Pacific Theater

Tom Gallery
Thomas Patrick Sarsfield Gallery (November 27, 1897 – August 25, 1993) was an American silent film actor, sports promoter, and television executive.

Gallery appeared in 21 films between 1920 and 1927. Subsequent to his acting career, he became a successful promoter of boxing and other sports. In 1944 he ran the day-to-day operations of the Brooklyn Tigers football team while owner Dan Topping served in the US Marine Corps. After the war, Gallery served as a sports broadcasting executive for the DuMont and NBC television networks.

Gallery was married to actress ZaSu Pitts from 1920 to 1933.
Otho Dangar
Otho Orde Dangar (1 February 1842 – 20 September 1923) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Hastings River to storekeeper William Snowdon Dangar and Susan Freethey. On 15 October 1868 he married Elizabeth Garvin at Port Macquarie; they would have five children. 
A daughter was painter and potter Anne Dangar. He worked as a storekeeper and auctioneer. In 1889 Dangar was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Protectionist member for Macleay. He was re-elected at the 1891 election as an Independent Protectionist, in that he supported the Free Trade government of Sir Henry Parkes. He was forced to resign in 1893 due to financial difficulties, and he was defeated in the subsequent by-election. He made two more runs for parliament at the 1894 election, and 1901 election without success.

Dangar died at Balmain on 20 September 1923(1923-09-20) (aged 81).

Results of the 1894 New South Wales colonial election
The 1894 New South Wales colonial election was for 125 electoral districts, with each district returning one member. The election was conducted on the basis of a simple majority or first-past-the-post voting system. There were three significant changes from the 1891 election, the abolition of multi-member constituencies, the abolition of plural voting where an elector had property or residence in more than one electorate and that polls for every district were held on the same day. The number of seats was reduced from 141 to 125. In this election, in 74 electorates the winning candidate received less than 50% of the votes, while 1 was uncontested. The average number of enrolled voters per electorate was 2,046, ranging from Lismore (1,360) to Marrickville (2,924).
Bill Chandler (ice hockey)
William D. Chandler (August 5, 1930 – March 7, 1991) was a Canadian ice hockey player with the Lethbridge Maple Leafs. He won a gold medal at the 1951 World Ice Hockey Championships in Paris, France. The 1951 Lethbridge Maple Leafs team was inducted to the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame in 1974. He also played with the Lethbridge Native Sons.

Alberta Sports Hall of Fame
The Alberta Sports Hall of Fame is a hall of fame and museum in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada, dedicated to the preservation and history of sports within the province. It was created in 1957 by the Alberta Amateur Athletic Union (AAAU). The museum was eventually taken over by Sport Alberta in 1973 when the AAAU ceased operations. It has been maintained by the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame and Museum Society since 1997. The first permanent display for the Hall of Fame was established in Edmonton in 1962. The museum relocated between Edmonton and Calgary on numerous occasions until settling in Red Deer in 1999.
Ānaha Te Rāhui
Ānaha Kēpa Te Rāhui (1822 – 30 September 1913) also known as Ānaha Mātao, was a notable Māori tribal leader, carver and assessor of New Zealand. In the 1860s, he led the Ngāti Tarāwhai iwi during the New Zealand Wars. He was born at Lake Okataina, New Zealand. As a carver, Te Rāhui is known for carving the meeting houses at Rangitihi and Tokopikowhakahau in 1878.

Lake Ōkataina
Lake Ōkataina (also spelled Okataina; Māori: Te Moana i kataina ā Te Rangitakaroro or Ōkataina)  is the northernmost and largest of four smaller lakes lying between Lake Rotorua and Lake Tarawera in the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. The others are Lake Rotokākahi (Green Lake), Lake Tikitapu (Blue Lake), and Lake Ōkareka. All lie within the Ōkataina caldera, along its western edge.
Sudair Industrial City
Sudair Industrial City  is a Saudi Arabian planned city of 258 square kilometres, strategically positioned and located approximately 120 km from Riyadh and 160 km from Al-Qassim. The land is surrounded by over 30 small cities and villages whose combined population exceeds 100,000. The infrastructure works started in 2009.

Al-Qassim Province
The Qassim Province (Arabic: منطقة القصيم Minṭaqat al-Qaṣīm [alqɑˈsˤiːm], Najdi Arabic: [elgəˈsˤiːm]), also known as the Qassim Region, is one of the 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia. Located at the heart of the country near the geographic center of the Arabian Peninsula, it has a population of 1,336,179 and an area of 58,046 km2. It is considered one of the breadbaskets of the country due to its agricultural tradition and resources.

Al-Qassim has the lowest share of population living below local poverty line in Saudi Arabia. It is the seventh most populated region in the country after Jizan and the fifth most densely populated. It has more than 400 cities, towns, villages, and Bedouin settlements, ten of which are recognized as governorates. Its capital city is Buraydah, which is inhabited by approximately 50% of the region's total population. The governor of the province from 1992 to 29 January 2015 was Prince Faisal bin Bandar, succeeded by Prince Faisal bin Mishaal.
Tanush
Tanush is the Albanian variant of the Greek given name Athanasius, loaned from Latin. Where the fricative /θ/ becomes the stop /t/, this shows that the name passed through Latin before entering Albanian; the Greek-derived equivalent is the name and onomastic element Thanas. The Albanian definite form is Tanushi. In Latin, it was written Tanusius, while in Italian Tanussio and Tanusso. Tanush is also a name from Sanskrit origin, meaing "divine form" and also has links to Lord Shiva and Lord Ganesha.

Tanusio Thopia (fl. 1329–38), Angevin Albanian count

Tanush Thopia (died 1467), nobleman

Little Tanush (fl. 1423–33), nobleman

Alkid Tanushi (known as big Alouka), 2007-today

Tanush is also an onomastic element and appears in the following Albanian language toponyms:

Tanuše (Albanian: Tanushaj), an Albanian village of the Upper Reka region, Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality, North Macedonia

Tanuševci (Albanian: Tanushë), an Albanian village, Čučer-Sandevo Municipality, North Macedonia

Athanasius (given name)
Athanasios (Greek: Αθανάσιος), also transliterated as Athnasious, Athanase or Atanacio, is a Greek male name which means "immortal". In modern Greek everyday use, it is commonly shortened to Thanasis (Θανάσης), Thanos (Θάνος), Sakis (Σάκης), and Nasos (Νάσος).

The female version of the name is Athanasia (Greek: Αθανασία), shortened to Sia (Σία) or Nancy (Νάνσυ).

Notable people with this name include:
Ixlu
Ixlu (Mayan pronunciation: [iʃˈluː]) is a small Maya archaeological site that  dates to the Classic and Postclassic Periods. It is located on the isthmus between the Petén Itzá and Salpetén lakes, in the northern Petén Department of Guatemala. The site was an important port with access to Lake Petén Itzá via the Ixlu River. The site has been identified as Saklamakhal, also spelt Saclemacal, a capital of the Kowoj Maya.

The site has over 150 structures, the majority of which in the site core display typically Postclassic characteristics. The site was briefly investigated by Don and Prudence Rice in 1980.

Ixlu is located approximately 23 km (14 mi) east of the departmental capital of Flores and 275 km (171 mi) north of Guatemala City. Ixlu is approximately 28 km (17 mi) south of the ruins of the major Classic Period city of Tikal.

Mesoamerican chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Pre-classic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present).

The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region.
Thomas Essington
Sir Thomas Essington (ca 1609-1673) was an English businessman and landowner. Like his father before him he was both Warden and Master of the Drapers Livery Company in the City of London. He became a landowner particularly in Suffolk. He owned the manor of Brightwell and the estate which was to become Holywells Park, Ipswich.

Worshipful Company of Drapers
The Worshipful Company of Drapers is one of the 113 livery companies of the City of London, formally styled The Master and Wardens and Brethren and Sisters of the Guild or Fraternity of the Blessed Mary the Virgin of the Mystery of Drapers of the City of London.

More usually known simply as the Drapers' Company, it is one of the historic Great Twelve Livery Companies and was founded during the Middle Ages.
Marchinus van der Valk
Marchinus Hyminus Arnoldus Leonardus Hendrikus van der Valk (1910 – 5 January 1992) was a Dutch Protestant pastor and classical scholar.

Van der Valk studied classics at the Leiden University, obtaining his Ph.D. with a dissertation on the nekyia in the Odyssey. He also held a degree in Theology. He became pastor of Wijngaarden in 1938, of Weert in 1945, and of Rumpt in 1951. He retired in 1976 and moved to a retirement structure in 1987. He died in 1992, aged 82.

Despite never holding any academic positions, van der Valk frequently published academic essays dealing with Ancient Greek literature, including four monographs dealing with Homeric matters — the nekyia of Odysseus, the text of the Odyssey and two volumes on the text and scholia of the Iliad — and one volume of studies on Euripides. He became well known for his critical edition of the Commentaries on the Iliad by Eustathius of Thessalonica, sponsored by the Dutch Research Council and published by Brill, in four volumes.

Odysseus
In Greek and Roman mythology, Odysseus (/əˈdɪsiəs/ ⓘ; Ancient Greek: Ὀδυσσεύς, Ὀδυσεύς, romanized: Odysseús, Odyseús, IPA: [o.dy(s).sěu̯s]), also known by the Latin variant Ulysses (/juːˈlɪsiːz/, UK also /ˈjuːlɪsiːz/; Latin: Ulysses, Ulixes), is a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's epic poem, the Odyssey. Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer's Iliad and other works in that same epic cycle.

As the son of Laërtes and Anticlea, husband of Penelope, and father of Telemachus, Acusilaus, and Telegonus, Odysseus is renowned for his intellectual brilliance, guile, and versatility (polytropos), and he is thus known by the epithet Odysseus the Cunning (Ancient Greek: μῆτις, romanized: mêtis, lit. 'cunning intelligence'). He is most famous for his nostos, or "homecoming", which took him ten eventful years after the decade-long Trojan War.
John Dame
Private John Dame (c. 1784–?) was a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Born in about 1784 at Pallingham, New Hampshire, he was five feet nine inches in height and had blue eyes, light hair, and a fair complexion. He was recruited from Captain Amos Stoddard's Company at Kaskaskia, Illinois. He was mentioned in the journals because he killed a pelican on August 7 while en route up the Missouri River.

Amos Stoddard
Amos Stoddard (October 26, 1762 – May 11, 1813) was a career United States Army officer who served in both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, in which he was mortally wounded.

In 1804, Stoddard  was the Commandant of the military district of Upper Louisiana, which later became Missouri after the Louisiana Purchase.
St. Boniface Catholic Church (Fulda, Indiana)
St. Boniface Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church at Fulda, Indiana. Built from 1861 to 1865, it is a one-story, Romanesque Revival style brick church with a semi-circular apse, on a sandstone block foundation, and measures 55 x 139 feet (18 x 42 meters). It has a 150 foot tall entrance tower with spire.: 2

The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are typically made of stonework or brickwork, or else of timber structures with metal cladding, ceramic tiling, roof shingles, or slates on the exterior.

Since towers supporting spires are usually square, square-plan spires emerge directly from the tower's walls, but octagonal spires are either built above a pyramidal transition section called a broach at the spire's base, or else free spaces around the tower's summit for decorative elements like pinnacles. The former solution is known as a broach spire. Small or short spires are known as spikes, spirelets, or flèches.
Minister of Education (Hungary)
The minister of Education of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország belügyminisztere) is a member of the Hungarian cabinet. The minister of education was Miklós Kásler until 2022 as minister of human capacities, when this task was given to the minister of interior Sándor Pintér.

Social Democratic Party of Hungary
The Social Democratic Party of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡi ˈsot͡sijaːldɛmokrɒtɒ ˈpaːrt], MSZDP) is a social democratic political party in Hungary. Historically, the party was dissolved during the occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany (1944–1945) and the communist period of Hungary from 1948 to 1989, after being forced into a merger with the Communist Party. It worked legally for a short time during the Revolution of 1956.

It was a government party as a part of the Károlyi Government (1918–1919), Berinkey Government, Peidl Government (1919), Interim National Assembly (1944–1945) and Dinnyés Government (1947–1948). It was reorganized after Hungary's transition from communism in 1989.

MSZDP used to be a member of the Socialist International and the Party of European Socialists until 2020, when it was delisted from both due to inactivity.