hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Research Data Alliance
The Research Data Alliance (RDA) is a global research community-driven organization started in 2013 by the European Commission, the US National Science Foundation and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Australian Department of Innovation. Its mission is to build the social and technical bridges to enable open sharing and re-use of data. The RDA vision is researchers and innovators openly sharing and resuing data across technologies, disciplines, and countries to address the grand challenges of society. In its initial years, the RDA was major recipient of support in the form of grants from its constituent members' governments. Since 2017, the RDA is sustained by its Organisational and Regional members.

As of March 2025, the RDA has over 15,000 individual members from over 150 countries.

ISC World Data System
The World Data System (WDS) was created by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the predecessor to the International Science Council (ISC), at their 29th General Assembly in October 2008. The mission of the World Data System is to enhance the capabilities, impact and sustainability of member data repositories and data services by creating trusted communities of scientific data repositories, strengthening the scientific enterprise throughout the entire lifecycle of all data related components - creating first-class data that feeds first-class research output, and advocating for accessible data and transparent and reproducible science.

The World Data System consists of two offices: the International Program Office (IPO) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States, and the International Technology Office (ITO) in Victoria, Canada.
Apterichtus kendalli
Apterichtus kendalli, the Western Atlantic finless eel or finless eel, is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Charles Henry Gilbert in 1891. It is a marine, subtropical eel which is known from the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, including North Carolina, USA; the western Bahamas, Venezuela, and St. Helena Island. It dwells at a depth range of 3 to 400 metres (9.8 to 1,312.3 ft), and forms burrows in sandy sediments on the continental shelf. Males can reach a maximum total length of 60 centimetres (24 in).

Due to a lack of known major threats to the species, the IUCN redlist currently lists the Western Atlantic finless eel as Least Concern.

Charles Henry Gilbert
Charles Henry Gilbert (December 5, 1859 in Rockford, Illinois – April 20, 1928 in Palo Alto, California) was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species. Later he became an expert on Pacific salmon and was a noted conservationist of the Pacific Northwest. He is considered by many as the intellectual founder of American fisheries biology. He was one of the 22 "pioneer professors" (founding faculty) of Stanford University.
Earl Owensby Studios
Earl Owensby Studios (shortened to E.O. Studios) is an American-based film and television film studio that was founded in 1974 by producer/actor Ernest Earl Owensby (born 1935). The studio was responsible for the development, production, and distribution of dozens of low-budget action films (distributed mostly to outdoor Drive-in and Grindhouse theaters). Owensby discovered that although his films may have lacked widespread mainstream appeal, international audiences latched on to his brand of filmmaking.

Hyperspace (film)
Hyperspace, also known as Gremloids, is a 1984 3D science fiction comedy film starring Chris Elliott and Paula Poundstone, written and directed by Todd Durham and filmed in Shelby, North Carolina. This was the sixth and final 3-D film produced by the Owensby Studios in the 1980s.

The film is an early parody of the 1977 space opera film, Star Wars. It introduced Lord Buckethead, the visage of whom later became a satirical perennial candidate at British elections.
Navarrini
Navarrini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chiara Navarrini (born 1976), Italian volleyball player

Renato Navarrini (1892–1972), Italian actor

Urano Navarrini (1945–2020), Italian footballer and manager

Chiara Navarrini
Chiara Navarrini  (born (1976-03-02)2 March 1976) is a retired Italian volleyball player. She was part of the Italy women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, and at the 1997 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she played with Teodora Ravenna.
Badjao: The Sea Gypsies
Badjao: The Sea Gypsies is a 1957 Philippine adventure drama film directed by National Artist Lamberto V. Avellana. The film was written by Rolf Bayer and stars Rosa Rosal, Tony Santos, Sr., Leroy Salvador, Vic Silayan, and Pedro Faustino. It tells a love story between Hassan, a Badjao man and Bala Amai, a Tausug woman whose differences were accepted by both sides but the Moro people attempted to destroy their lives.

Avellana won best director for the film at the 1957 Asian Film Festival. The film also won for best screenplay, best cinematography (for Mike Accion), and best editing (for Gregorio Carballo).

The Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences gave LVN Pictures the 1957 International Prestige Award for the film. The film was screened at the Vancouver Film Festival (Vancouver, Canada) in 1961, the Edinburgh International Film Festival (Edinburgh, United Kingdom) in 1962, and the Coronado Film Festival in 1963.

Edinburgh International Film Festival
The Edinburgh International Film Festival (EIFF), established in 1947, is the world's oldest continually running film festival.

EIFF presents both UK and international films (all titles are World, international, European or UK Premieres), in all genres and lengths. It also presents themed retrospectives and other specialized programming strands.
Gigantolith
A gigantolith is a large stone or flint tool of the Heavy Neolithic industry, associated primarily with the Qaraoun culture in the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon, dating to the Epipaleolithic or early Pre-Pottery Neolithic at the end of the Stone Age. James Mellaart suggested that gigantoliths dated to a period before the Pottery Neolithic at Byblos (10,600 to 6900 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology) and noted "Aceramic cultures have not yet been found in excavations but they must have existed here as it is clear from Ras Shamra and from the fact that the Pre-Pottery B complex of Palestine originated in this area, just as the following Pottery Neolithic cultures can be traced back to the Lebanon."

Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley (Arabic: وادي البقاع, romanized: Wādī l-Biqā‘, Lebanese Arabic: [bʔaːʕ]; also romanized as Bekaa, Bekai, Biqâ, and Becaa) is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon and its most important farming region. Industry, especially the country's agricultural industry, also flourishes in Beqaa. The region broadly corresponds to the Coele-Syria of classical antiquity.

The Beqaa is located about 30 km (19 mi) east of Beirut. The valley is situated between Mount Lebanon to the west and the Anti-Lebanon mountains to the east. It is the northern continuation of the Jordan Rift Valley, and thus part of the Great Rift Valley, which stretches from Syria to the Red Sea. Beqaa Valley is 120 kilometres (75 mi) long and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) wide on average. It has a Mediterranean climate of wet, often snowy winters and dry, warm summers.
Chessie (train)
The Chessie was a proposed streamlined passenger train developed by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) in the late 1940s. The brainchild of C&O executive Robert R. Young, the Chessie would have operated on a daylight schedule between Washington, D.C., and Cincinnati, Ohio. The train's luxury lightweight equipment was built new by the Budd Company. A revolutionary new steam turbine locomotive would have provided power, including speeds up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). Although the equipment was delivered, a worsening financial outlook led to the cancellation of the train before it operated in revenue service.

Streamliner
A streamliner is a vehicle incorporating streamlining in a shape providing reduced air resistance. The term is applied to high-speed railway trainsets of the 1930s to 1950s, and to their successor "bullet trains". Less commonly, the term is applied to fully faired upright and recumbent bicycles. As part of the Streamline Moderne trend, the term was applied to passenger cars, trucks, and other types of light-, medium-, or heavy-duty vehicles, but now vehicle streamlining is so prevalent that it is not an outstanding characteristic. In land speed racing, it is a term applied to the long, slender, custom-built, high-speed vehicles with enclosed wheels.
Cwrtnewydd
Cwrtnewydd, also spelled Cwrt-newydd or Cwrt Newydd, is a village in the community and parish of Llanwenog, towards the south of the county of Ceredigion, Wales.

Cwrtnewydd is on the B4338 road, north of the A475, just to the west of the town of Lampeter and to the northwest of Llanybydder.

Lampeter
Lampeter (/ˈlæmpətər/; Welsh: Llanbedr Pont Steffan (formal); Llambed (colloquial)) is a town and  community in Ceredigion, Wales, at the confluence of the Afon Dulas with the River Teifi. It is the third largest urban area in Ceredigion, after Aberystwyth and Cardigan, and had a campus of the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. At the 2011 Census, the population was 2,970. Lampeter was also a university town.
Fano resonance
In physics, a Fano resonance is a type of resonant scattering phenomenon that gives rise to an asymmetric line-shape. Interference between a background and a resonant scattering process produces the asymmetric line-shape. It is named after Italian-American physicist Ugo Fano, who in 1961 gave a theoretical explanation for the scattering line-shape of inelastic scattering of electrons from helium; however, Ettore Majorana was the first to discover this phenomenon. Fano resonance is a weak coupling effect, meaning that the decay rate is so high that no hybridization occurs. The coupling modifies the resonance properties such as spectral position and width and its line-shape takes on the  distinctive asymmetric Fano profile. Because it is a general wave phenomenon, examples can be found across many areas of physics and engineering.

Lamb shift
In physics, the Lamb shift, named after Willis Lamb, is an anomalous difference in energy between two electron orbitals in a hydrogen atom. The difference was not predicted by theory and it cannot be derived from the Dirac equation, which predicts identical energies. Hence the Lamb shift is a deviation from theory seen in the differing energies contained by the  2S1/2 and 2P1/2 orbitals of the hydrogen atom.

The Lamb shift is caused by interactions between the virtual photons created through vacuum energy fluctuations and the electron as it moves around the hydrogen nucleus in each of these two orbitals. The Lamb shift has since played a significant role through vacuum energy fluctuations in theoretical prediction of Hawking radiation from black holes.
Hsu Wen-hsin
Hsu Wen-hsin (Chinese: 許文馨; born 13 April 1988) is a Taiwanese former tennis player.

Hsu won two singles titles and six doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 15 May 2006, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 221. On 7 May 2012, she peaked at No. 180 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Hsu won her first $50k title at the 2011 Kōfu International Open, partnering with Chan Chin-wei to defeat Remi Tezuka and Akiko Yonemura in the final.

Playing for Taiwan in the Fed Cup, Hsu reached a win–loss record of 5–1.

Chinese Taipei Billie Jean King Cup team
The Chinese Taipei Billie Jean King Cup team represents Taiwan in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Chinese Taipei Tennis Association. They will compete in the Asia/Oceania Group II in 2025.
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is a superior court of record for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), including six independent states: Antigua and Barbuda, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and three British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat). It has unlimited jurisdiction in each member State.

Superior court
In common law systems, a superior court is a court of general jurisdiction over civil and criminal legal cases. A superior court is "superior" in relation to a court with limited jurisdiction (see small claims court), which is restricted to civil cases involving monetary amounts with a specific limit, or criminal cases involving offenses of a less serious nature. A superior court may hear appeals from lower courts (see court of appeal). For courts of general jurisdiction in civil law system, see ordinary court.
Pedro Jeanine
Pedro Ernesto Jeanine Portillo (born 4 September 1993) is a Panamanian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Unión Deportivo Universitario. He made his Panama senior international debut in August 2014.

Club Deportivo Universitario
Club Deportivo Universitario (formerly Chorrillo F.C.) is a Panamanian professional football club currently playing in the Liga Panameña de Fútbol, the highest level of football in Panama. It is based in Penonomé, Coclé Province.
Urban–Rogers–Meyer syndrome
Urban–Rogers–Meyer syndrome, also known as Prader–Willi habitus, osteopenia, and camptodactyly or Urban syndrome, is an extremely rare inherited congenital disorder first described by Urban et al. (1979). It is characterized by genital anomalies, intellectual disability, obesity, contractures of fingers, and osteoporosis, though further complications are known.

Finger
A finger is a prominent digit on the forelimbs of most tetrapod vertebrate animals, especially those with prehensile extremities (i.e. hands) such as humans and other primates. Most tetrapods have five digits (pentadactyly), and short digits (i.e. significantly shorter than the metacarpal/metatarsals) are typically referred to as toes, while those that are notably elongated are called fingers. In humans, the fingers are flexibly articulated and opposable, serving as an important organ of tactile sensation and fine movements, which are crucial to the dexterity of the hands and the ability to grasp and manipulate objects.
Elsa Abuin
Elsa Beatriz Abuin Saccomano (13 December 1942 – 18 April 2012) was an Argentine chemist. After fleeing the country due to La Noche de los Bastones Largos, she became a professor at University of Chile. A 1987 Guggenheim Fellow, she specialized in physical chemistry, especially in chemical kinetics.

Photochemistry and Photobiology
Photochemistry and Photobiology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering photochemistry and photobiology. It was established in 1962 and is pub lished by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Society for Photobiology. The editor-in-chief is Alexander Greer (Brooklyn College).
Gobernador, New Mexico
Gobernador is a small, unincorporated community located in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Although not on a Native American reservation, Gobernador is about 50 miles east of the Navajo Nation and 15 miles west of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation. Carson National Forest also lies about five miles to the east. The community is situated near the junction of U.S. Route 64 and New Mexico State Road 527. The nearest towns are Aztec, New Mexico, Dulce, New Mexico, and Arboles, Colorado. Gobernador lies in between the dry, arid land of northwest New Mexico and the forested, mountainous land of north central New Mexico, with sandy soil, smaller trees and other plants, and shorter mountains and mesas.

U.S. Route 64 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 64 (US 64) is a U.S. Numbered Highway that runs from the Four Corners area in Arizona to the east coast of North Carolina. In Arizona, the highway starts at U.S. Route 160 (US 160) heading southeast for 4.5 miles (7.2 km) before entering New Mexico near the town of Beclabito. Through New Mexico the highway passes through Shiprock, Bloomfield, Tierra Amarilla and Taos, sharing a short concurrency with I-25 near Raton, before heading east through Clayton to the Oklahoma state line.
Caeliomontanus
Caeliomontanus is an ancient Roman cognomen. Notable people with this cognomen include:

Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 469 BC), Roman politician

Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 494 BC), Roman politician

Spurius Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus, Roman consul

Titus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 448 BC), Roman consul

Titus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 496 BC), Roman consul

Spurius Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus
Spurius Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus was a Roman consul and a Roman politician of the 5th century BC. There was no recorded date of his birth and death though there was a record his term of office from 456 BC to 455 BC. During his time in office he saw continued division between plebs and patrician.
Al Mada (holding company)
Al Mada, formerly the Société Nationale d'Investissement (SNI; lit. 'National Investment Company'), is a private Moroccan holding company. Headquartered in Casablanca, it was established in 1966. The company is mainly owned by the Moroccan royal family.

Al Mada operates across a range of sectors, including banking, telecommunications, renewable energy, mining, and the food industry. The conglomerate holds stakes in several of Morocco’s largest private companies, including Attijariwafa Bank, Inwi, Managem, Nareva, Lafarge Ciments, and Marjane.

In addition to its domestic activities, Al Mada has expanded its investments across several African countries, including Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Rwanda, and Gabon.

Historically, the company was the majority shareholder of the now-defunct ONA Group. Following a restructuring process, the activities of ONA were absorbed into SNI, which was later rebranded as Al Mada.

Danone
Danone S.A. (French pronunciation: [danɔn]) is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris. It was founded in 1919 in Barcelona, Spain. It is listed on Euronext Paris, where it is a component of the CAC 40 stock market index. Some of the company's products are branded Dannon in the United States.

As of 2018, Danone sold products in 120 markets, and, in 2018, had sales of €24.65 billion. In the first half of 2018, 29% of sales came from specialized nutritional preparations, 19% came from branded bottled water, and 52% came from dairy and plant-based products (including yoghurt).
Half the Sky movement
The Half the Sky Movement is inspired by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn's best-selling book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide. The movement seeks to put an end to the oppression of women and girls worldwide through a transmedia project that uses video, websites, games, blogs and other educational tools both to raise awareness of women's issues and also to provide concrete steps to fight these problems and empower women.

Sheryl WuDunn
Sheryl WuDunn (born November 16, 1959) is an American business executive, writer, lecturer, and Pulitzer Prize winner.

A senior banker focusing on growth companies in technology, new media and the emerging markets, WuDunn also works with double bottom line firms, alternative energy issues, and women entrepreneurs. She has also been a private wealth adviser with Goldman Sachs and was previously a journalist and business executive for The New York Times, where she served as a foreign correspondent in the Beijing and Tokyo bureaus.
Hoxne
Hoxne (/ˈhɒksən/ ⓘ HOK-sən) is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk, England, about five miles (8 km) east-southeast of Diss, Norfolk and 1⁄2 mile (800 m) south of the River Waveney. The parish is irregularly shaped, covering the villages of Hoxne, Cross Street and Heckfield Green, with a 'tongue' extending southwards to take in part of the former RAF Horham airfield. In 2011 the parish had a population of 889.

In geology, Hoxne gives its name to the Hoxnian Stage, a British regional subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch.

Diss, Norfolk
Diss is a market town, civil parish and electoral ward in South Norfolk, England; it is near the boundary with Suffolk. It had a population of 7,572 in 2011. It lies in the valley of the River Waveney, round a mere covering 6 acres (2.4 ha) and up to 18 feet (5.5 m) deep, although there is another 51 feet (16 m) of mud.
Mohammad Nagar
Mohammad Nagar (Urdu: محمد نگر) is a neighbourhood in the Orangi municipality of Karachi, Pakistan. It is administered as part of Karachi West district, but was part of the Orangi Town borough until that was disbanded in 2011.

There are several ethnic groups in Mohammad Nagar including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras and Ismailis.

Kashmiris
Kashmiri people (Kashmiri pronunciation: [kəːʃirʲ]) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley region, which is located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Pyramid, Illinois
Pyramid (also known as Tuckerville) is an unincorporated community in Ashley Township, Washington County, Illinois, United States. The community is located at the junction of U.S. Route 51 and Illinois Route 15. It was once the site of the Egyptian Bus Company, which was later bought by Greyhound.

Greyhound Lines
Greyhound Lines, Inc. is an American operator of intercity bus services. Greyhound operates the largest intercity bus network in the United States, and also operates charter and Amtrak Thruway services, as well as intercity buses in Mexico. Based in Dallas, Texas, Greyhound is a subsidiary of Flix SE, owner of FlixBus. Greyhound serves over 1,600 American destinations. The company's first route began in Hibbing, Minnesota, in 1914 and the company adopted the Greyhound name in 1929.
Isaac Duncan MacDougall
Isaac Duncan MacDougall (10 July 1897 – 4 April 1969) was a National Government, Conservative and Progressive party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Strathlorne, Nova Scotia and became an auditor, barrister, journalist and student.

MacDougall studied at St. Francis Xavier University, earning Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Inverness riding in the 1925 general election after an unsuccessful campaign there as a Progressive Party candidate in the 1921 election. He was re-elected in 1926 and 1930. In the 1935 federal election, riding boundary changes meant that MacDougall's would seek re-election in the new Inverness—Richmond riding. He was defeated by Donald MacLennan of the Liberal party. MacDougall was also unsuccessful in winning back the seat in the 1940 election as a National Government candidate.

Inverness (federal electoral district)
Inverness was a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935.

It was created in the British North America Act, 1867. It was abolished in 1933 when it was merged into Inverness—Richmond riding. It consisted of Inverness County.
Lester H. Clee
Lester Harrison Clee (July 1, 1888 – March 15, 1962) was an  American clergyman and politician who served in both houses of the New Jersey Legislature and was the Republican nominee for Governor of New Jersey in 1937.

New Jersey Legislature
The New Jersey Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, as defined by the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, the Legislature consists of two houses: the General Assembly and the Senate. The Legislature meets in the New Jersey State House, in the state capital of Trenton.