hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1962 Oregon Ballot Measure 1
Oregon Ballot Measure 1 (1962) was a ballot measure in the U.S. State of Oregon in 1962. It was a constitutional amendment affecting the state militia of Oregon, the Oregon National Guard. The measure changed the constitutional language outlining the organization of the state militia.

Legislative referral
A legislative referral (or legislative referendum) is a referendum in which a legislature puts proposed legislation up for popular vote. This may either be voluntarily or, as is the case in many countries for a constitutional amendment, as a mandatory part of the procedure for passing a law. These referrals, depending on the location, can either amend a constitution or enact a change in statute. It is a form of direct democracy. In some places it is known as an authorities referendum, authorities plebiscite, government initiated referendum, or top-down referendum It may originate from the legislative branch, executive branch, or a combination of the two.

An instrument of direct democracy, it is in contrast to citizens (or "bottom-up") initiative that is initiated from the public. With initiated statutes and amendments, voters both initiate and decide on the change of law. In a legislative referral, they only approve or reject laws which their legislature votes to place before them.
Kitamura Hajime
Kitamura Hajime (北村甫, 1923–2004) was a Japanese linguist who particularly focused on the Lhasa dialect of Tibetan. He published both a grammar and a dictionary of Lhasa Tibetan. He was employed at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies at the Institute of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Shangpa Kagyu
The Shangpa Kagyu (Tibetan: ཤངས་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད, Wylie: shangs pa bka' brgyud, "Oral Tradition of the man from Shang") is known as the "secret lineage" of the Kagyu school of Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhism and differs in origin from the better known Dagpo Kagyu schools. The Dagpo Kagyu are the lineage of Tilopa through his student Naropa, often traced through Naropa's famous student Marpa Lotsawa and thus called "Marpa Kagyu", while the Shangpa lineage descends from Tilopa's student Niguma, who was Naropa's sister, as well as from the teachings of Sukhasiddhi. Its founder was Khyungpo Naljor, the student of both women, whose monastery in the Shang Valley gave its name to the tradition.

The principal Shangpa dharmapala is the six-armed Mahākāla.

The Shangpa tradition was revitalized in the 20th century by the first Kalu Rinpoche, who had many students both in Tibet and in the West.

Marpa Lotsawa
Marpa Lotsāwa (མར་པ་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས་, 1012–1097), sometimes known fully as Marpa Chökyi Lodrö (Wylie: mar pa chos kyi blo gros) or commonly as Marpa the Translator (Marpa Lotsāwa), was a Tibetan Buddhist teacher credited with the transmission of many Vajrayana teachings from India, including the teachings and lineages of Mahamudra. Due to this, the Kagyu lineage, which he founded, is often called Marpa Kagyu in his honour.

Although some accounts relate that the Mahasiddha Naropa was the personal teacher of Marpa, other accounts suggest that Marpa held Naropa's lineage through intermediary disciples only. Either way, Marpa was a personal student of the Mahasiddha Maitripa and of the dakini Niguma.
Light Years Away (film)
Light Years Away (French: Les Années lumière) is a 1981 film directed by Alain Tanner. It tells the story of a young man who meets an old man who says he was taught by birds how to fly and is building a flying machine. It is based on a novel by Daniel Odier.

Although filmed in English and shot in Ireland, it was made by a Swiss director and produced by companies from France and Switzerland. The film won the Grand Prix  at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.

Daniel Odier
Daniel Robert Odier (born 1945), also known by the pen name Delacorta, is a Swiss author, teacher, and practitoner of Kashmir Shaivism and Chan Buddhism. He is the author of Tantric Quest (1997), The Doors of Joy (2014), and Yoga Spandakarika (2005).

In English, he is best known for his series of six crime novels featuring Alba, a vivacious adolescent kleptomaniac, and Gorodish, the middle-aged pianist and photographer with a criminal past who adores her. The second in the series, Diva, was adapted to film by Jean-Jacques Beineix in 1981 and became an international success.
Casi (song)
"Casi" (English: "Almost") is a song by Colombian-American latin pop singer-songwriter Soraya. The song was released as the lead single from her fourth studio album Soraya (2003). The song was Soraya's first commercial single after she was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2000. After the announcement, Soraya took a hiatus between 2000 and 2003 to recover from her illness. The song was written, produced and recorded by Soraya. An English-language version called "Almost" was released in the English/international edition of the album.

Soraya (album)
Soraya is the fourth bilingual studio album by Colombian-American singer-songwriter Soraya, released on May 6, 2003, by EMI Music. The album won the Best Singer-Songwriter Album at the 2004 Latin Grammy Awards.
Late Night Tales: Bonobo
Late Night Tales: Bonobo is a mix album compiled by British musician Bonobo, released on 17 November 2013 as part of the Late Night Tales series. The mix includes tracks from artists such as Nina Simone, Lapalux, Bill Evans, The Invisible and Dorothy Ashby. It also features an exclusive Bonobo cover version of Donovan's "Get Thy Bearings".

The Invisible (band)
The Invisible are an English band, fronted by the singer and guitarist Dave Okumu. The band formed as Okumu's solo project but quickly developed into a full-fledged band with friends Tom Herbert (bass, keyboards) and Leo Taylor (drums). Their self-titled debut album, released on 9 March 2009, was nominated for the Mercury Prize and selected as critics choice for iTunes album of the year.
Robert Dickson Crane
Robert Dickson Crane (March 26, 1929 – December 12, 2021) was an American activist. He was an adviser to President Richard Nixon and was the deputy director for planning of the United States National Security Council. He authored or co-authored more than a dozen books and over 50 professional articles on comparative legal systems, global strategy, and information management.

United States National Security Council
The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the national security council used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House, it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, and composed of senior national security advisors and presidential cabinet officials.

Since its inception in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman, the function of the council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies. It also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The council has subsequently played a key role in most major events in U.S. foreign policy, from the Korean War to the war on terror.
Dokan Library
Dokan (Japanese: ドカン [土管?], "earthen pipe") is a software interface for Microsoft Windows that lets programmers create virtual file systems without writing a kernel-level driver. This is achieved by running file system code in user space while the Dokan kernel driver translates the request for Windows Kernel. It offers compatibility with the FUSE file system by using a wrapper that can be built with Cygwin and MinGW.

Dokan is free software released under the terms of the LGPL and MIT License.

MIT License
The MIT License is a permissive software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the late 1980s. As a permissive license, it puts few restrictions on reuse and has high license compatibility.

Unlike copyleft software licenses, the MIT License allows reuse within proprietary software, provided that all copies of the software or its substantial portions include a copy of the terms of the MIT License and also a copyright notice. In 2015 and 2025, the MIT License was the most popular software license on GitHub.

Notable projects that use the MIT License include the X Window System, Ruby on Rails, Node.js, Lua, jQuery, .NET, Angular, and React.
Gorzkowiczki
Gorzkowiczki [ɡɔʂkɔˈvit͡ʂki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzkowice, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Gorzkowice, 20 km (12 mi) south of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Idaho State Police
The Idaho State Police (ISP) is the statewide law enforcement agency for the State of Idaho. It began as the Bureau of Constabulary, created on May 18, 1919, under the new Department of Law Enforcement, to detect and investigate crime, "order abatement of public nuisances and to enforce such orders by appropriate court action, to suppress riots, prevent wrongs to children and animals that are inhibited by law." The state constabulary was also charged with the organization of various state, county and municipal peace officers. The bureau was dissolved by the state legislature in 1923.

The present force, called the Idaho State Police, was formed 86 years ago in 1939, when Governor C. A. Bottolfsen signed the bill creating it on February 20.

Law enforcement agency
A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources. The most common type of law enforcement agency is the police, but various other forms exist as well, including agencies that focus on specific legal violations or are organized and overseen by certain authorities. They typically have various powers and legal rights to allow them to perform their duties, such as the power of arrest and the use of force.
Charles E. Conrad Mansion
The Charles E. Conrad Mansion is a historical Victorian era shingle-style Norman mansion located in Kalispell, Montana.  It was designed by the noted Spokane, Washington, architect Kirtland Cutter.  It was the home of Charles E. Conrad, a late 19th century shipping magnate and early pioneer of Kalispell.

Shingle style architecture
The shingle style is an American architectural style made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style in Queen Anne architecture. In the shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed the 1876 celebration of the Centennial. The plain, shingled surfaces of colonial buildings were adopted, and their massing emulated.

Aside from being a style of design, the style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.
Conservation and restoration of silver objects
The conservation and restoration of silver objects is an activity dedicated to the preservation and protection of objects of historical and personal value made from silver. When applied to cultural heritage this activity is generally undertaken by a conservator-restorer.

Historically, objects made from silver were created for religious, artistic, technical, and domestic uses. The act of conservation and restoration strives to prevent and slow the deterioration of the object as well as protecting the object for future use. The prevention and removal of surface tarnish is the primary concern of conservator-restorers when dealing with silver objects.

Household silver
Household silver or silverware (the silver, the plate, or silver service) includes tableware, cutlery, and other household items made of sterling silver, silver gilt, Britannia silver, or Sheffield plate silver. Silver is sometimes bought in sets or combined to form sets, such as a set of silver candlesticks or a silver tea set.

Historically, silverware was divided into table silver, for eating, and dressing silver for bedrooms and dressing rooms.  The grandest form of the latter was the toilet service, typically of 10-30 pieces, often silver-gilt, which was especially a feature of the period from 1650 to about 1780.
Glen Everett Woolfenden
Glen Everett Woolfenden (1930–2007) was an American ornithologist, known for his long-term study of the Florida scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) population at Archbold Biological Station near Lake Placid, Florida. He established what became "the longest continuous population study of any avian species that does not nest in boxes."

Florida Ornithological Society
The Florida Ornithological Society (FOS) is a Florida organization formed to promote field ornithology and facilitate contact between persons interested in birds.

It was founded October 14, 1972, under the sponsorship of the Florida Audubon Society, at a Lakeland, Florida, meeting attended by more than 100 ornithologists and serious birders.
Downing Professor of the Laws of England
The Downing Professorship of the Laws of England is one of the senior professorships in law at the University of Cambridge.

The chair was founded in 1800 in pursuance of the will of Sir George Downing, the founder of Downing College, Cambridge. The professorship was originally attached solely to Downing College (although the Professor undertook University activities). In the early 20th Century, for financial reasons, this professorship, together with the Downing Professor of Medicine, was severed from the College.

The original electors of the chair were the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Archbishop of York, and the masters of the colleges of Clare, St John's and Downing.

In 1788 Edward Christian, brother of Fletcher Christian, was appointed to the post prior to its official creation 12 years later.  The chair is currently vacant following the departure of Lionel Smith in 2024.

Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.
Track speed skating at the 1981 World Games
The track speed skating events of World Games I were held on July 29–31, 1981, in Parking Lot J of Marriott’s Great America amusement park in Santa Clara, California, in the United States. These were the first World Games, an international quadrennial multi-sport event, and were hosted by the city of Santa Clara. The course was a 400-meter triangle-shaped track.  Italian athletes won 11 of the 18 track speed skating medals.

1981 World Games
The 1981 World Games were the first World Games, an international multi-sport event, and were held in Santa Clara, California, United States.  The games featured sports that were not included in the Olympics, including tug-of-war, racquetball, baseball and softball, artistic roller skating, roller hockey, roller speed skating, finswimming, karate, women's water polo, bowling, bodybuilding, waterskiing, casting, badminton, trampoline, powerlifting and taekwondo.  Best estimates for attendance figures were that about 80,000 spectators witnessed the first World Games.
Bush Blitz
Bush Blitz is a species discovery program conducting scientific surveys in Australian terrestrial and marine environments to document known and new fungi, plants and animals. The program is a partnership between the Australian Government, BHP Sustainable Communities and Earthwatch Australia. Bush Blitz is managed through Parks Australia and the Australian Biological Resources Study. The program began in 2010, the International Year of Biodiversity, involving specialist taxonomists, indigenous communities, rangers and landowners, teachers, students and BHP employees. Bush Blitz funds taxonomy and further research based on material collected during Bush Blitz surveys, specifically targeted to assist in the publication of new species and the resolution of problematic groups collected from surveys.

Director of National Parks
Director of National Parks is a Commonwealth corporate entity responsible for the management of a portfolio of terrestrial and marine protected areas proclaimed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

Parks Australia (formerly the Australian Nature Conservation Agency and the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service) is a division of the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water which supports the Director of National Parks in the management of six Commonwealth national parks, the Australian National Botanic Gardens, and 60 Australian marine parks.
Sævar Birgisson
Sævar Birgisson (born 15 February 1988 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is a cross-country skier from Iceland. He competed for Iceland at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the 15 kilometre classical finishing in 74th place and in Sprint where he lost in the qualifying in 72nd place. The team will also consist of eleven officials.

Birgisson was also selected to carry the flag of Iceland during the opening ceremony.

2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics took place at the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi, Russia, on 7 February 2014. It began at 20:14 MSK (UTC+4) and finished at 23:02 MSK (UTC+4). It was filmed and produced by OBS and Russian host broadcasters Channel One and VGTRK. This was the first Winter Olympics and first Olympic Games opening ceremony under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach. This was also the second consecutive Winter Olympic opening ceremony to be held in an indoor stadium.

The Games were officially opened by President Vladimir Putin. An audience of 40,000 were in attendance at the stadium with an estimated 2,000 performers.
Alexandra Briem
Alexandra Briem (born 1983) is an Icelandic politician. She has served as President of the Reykjavík City Council since 2021. She is a member of the Pirate Party.

Alexandra was born in Reykjavík. Her parents are both members of the punk-pop band Fræbbblarnir.

Alexandra was initially a customer service representative for Síminn, Iceland's largest telecommunications company. She joined the Pirate Party in 2014 and campaigned for them in the 2017 parliamentary election. She was appointed to the third position on the party's electoral list in the 2018 Reykjavík City Council elections and became the first deputy councillor for the party at the end of the elections. She was a deputy councillor until May 2021, when she became a councillor and President of the Council, and along with it the first transgender person to hold political office in Iceland.

2018 Icelandic municipal elections
Municipal elections took place in Iceland on 26 May 2018. 55 of the 72 municipal councils in the country were elected using open list PR. The rural municipality Tjörneshreppur did not hold an election as only one list was presented, whose candidates were thereby automatically elected. No list was presented in 16 municipalities. Municipal councils in those municipalities were elected using a form of plurality block voting were voters write in the names of their preferred candidates. Two of the municipal councils were for new municipalities created after mergers.
José López Rega
José López Rega (17 November 1916 – 9 June 1989) was an Argentine politician who served as Minister of Social Welfare from 1973 to 1975, first under Juan Perón and continuing under Isabel Perón, Juan Perón's third wife and presidential successor. Lopez Rega exercised an allegedly Rasputin-like power and influence over Isabel Perón during her presidency, and used both this and his unique access to become the de facto political boss of Argentina. His orthodox Peronist and far-right politics and interest in occultism earned him the nickname El Brujo ("the Warlock"). López Rega had one daughter, Norma Beatriz, who went on to become the spouse of President Raúl Lastiri.

Political boss
A party boss is a person who controls a faction or local branch of a political party. They do not necessarily hold public office themselves; most historical bosses did not, at least during the times of their greatest influence. Numerous officeholders in that unit are subordinate to the single boss in party affairs. Bosses may base their power on the support of numerous voters, usually organized voting blocs, and manage a coalition of these blocs and various other stakeholders. When the party wins, they typically control appointments in their unit, and have a voice at the higher levels.

Reformers typically allege that political bosses are corrupt. This corruption is usually tied to patronage: the exchange of jobs, lucrative contracts and other political favors for votes, campaign contributions and sometimes outright bribes.
Family values
Family values, sometimes referred to as familial values, are traditional or cultural values that pertain to the family's structure, function, roles, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals. Additionally, the concept of family values may be understood as a reflection of the degree to which familial relationships are valued within an individual's life.

In the social sciences and American political discourse, the conventional term "traditional family" describes the nuclear family: a child-rearing environment composed of a leading father, a homemaking mother, and their nominally biological children. A family deviating from this model is considered a non-traditional family.

Stephanie Coontz
Stephanie Coontz (born August 31, 1944) is an American author, historian, and faculty member at Evergreen State College. She teaches history and family studies and is Director of Research and Public Education for the Council on Contemporary Families, which she chaired from 2001 to 2004. Coontz has authored and co-edited several books about the history of the family and marriage. She is featured in Monogamish, 2017 a documentary exploring contemporary attitudes toward monogamy, marriage, and alternative relationship structures within American society.