hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Cavaillès
Jean Cavaillès (/kɑːvaɪˈɛs/; French: [ʒɑ̃ kavajɛs]; 15 May 1903 – 4 April 1944) was a French philosopher and logician who specialized in philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of science. He took part in the French Resistance within the Libération movement and was arrested by the Gestapo on 17 February 1944 and shot on 4 April 1944.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
Kisilyakh-Tas
Kisilyakh-Tas (Russian: гора Кисилях-Тас) is a mountain in Yakutia, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. Administratively it belongs to the Lower Kolyma District.

This mountain is one of the renowned places of Yakutia where kigilyakhs are found. The largest of them are between 10 meters (33 ft) and 30 meters (98 ft) in height. Kigilyakhs are rock formations that are held in high esteem by Yakuts. Kisilyakh means "Mountain having a man" or "Mountain married" in the Yakut language.

Yakuts
The Yakuts or Sakha (Yakut: саха, saxa; plural: сахалар, saxalar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to North Siberia, primarily the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian Federation. They also inhabit some districts of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. They speak Yakut, which belongs to the Siberian branch of the Turkic languages.
Inside Moves
Inside Moves is a 1980 American drama film directed by Richard Donner from a screenplay by Valerie Curtin and Barry Levinson, based on the novel of the same name by Todd Walton. The film stars John Savage, David Morse, Diana Scarwid, and Amy Wright. At the 53rd Academy Awards, Scarwid was nominated for Best Supporting Actress for her performance.

Barry Levinson
Barry Lee Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Levinson won the Academy Award for Best Director for Rain Man (1988). His other best-known works are Diner (1982), The Natural (1984), Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), Bugsy (1991), and Wag the Dog (1997). In 2021, he co-executive produced the Hulu miniseries Dopesick and directed the first two episodes.
Rhinella iserni
Rhinella iserni, also known as the Rio Perene toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Peru and is known from the Andean valleys of Chanchamayo and Perené Rivers in the Junín Region. It inhabits montane tropical forest. However, precise habitat data, including altitude, are lacking. It could not be found in surveys conducted in 2014. Threats to this species are not known. It might be present in Pui Pui Protection Forest or San Matías–San Carlos Protection Forest.

True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the best known.
W88
The W88 is an American thermonuclear warhead, with an estimated yield of 475 kilotons of TNT (1,990 terajoules), and is small enough to fit on missiles with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRV). The W88 was designed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1970s and first placed into service in 1989. The director of Los Alamos who had presided over its development described it as "the most advanced U.S. nuclear warhead". The latest version is the W88 ALT 370, the first unit of which came into production on 1 July 2021, after 11 years of development. The Trident II, a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) can be armed with up to eight W88 warheads.

TNT equivalent
TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. A ton of TNT equivalent is a unit of energy defined by convention to be 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). It is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (megagram) of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released.
This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy.
A related concept is the physical quantity TNT-equivalent mass (or mass of TNT equivalent), expressed in the ordinary units of mass and its multiples: kilogram (kg), megagram (Mg) or tonne (t), etc.
2026 SAFF Championship
The 2026 SAFF Championship will be the 15th edition of the SAFF Championship, the biennial international men's football championship of South Asia organized by the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF).

India, the defending champions, won their record-extending ninth championship by defeating Kuwait in the final in the previous edition.

SAFF Championship
The SAFF Championship (earlier the SAARC Gold Cup and the SAFF Gold Cup) is the primary football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF), determining the sub-continental champion of the South Asia.
Cabinet of Alejandro Giammattei
The Cabinet of Alejandro Giammattei constituted the fifty-first cabinet of Guatemala.

Giammattei's cabinet succeeded the Morales cabinet, after the 2019 general election. The officials took office on January 14, 2020, and dissolved on January 14, 2024.

Alejandro Giammattei
Alejandro Eduardo Giammattei Falla (Spanish pronunciation: [aleˈxandɾo ʝamaˈtej]; born 9 March 1956) is a Guatemalan politician who was the 51st president of Guatemala from 2020 to 2024.

He is a former director of the Guatemalan penitentiary system and participated in Guatemala's presidential elections in 2007, 2011, and 2015.

He won in the 2019 election, and assumed office on 14 January 2020.
Zawady Oleckie
Zawady Oleckie [zaˈvadɨ ɔˈlɛt͡skʲɛ] (also Zawada; German: Sawadden, from 1938-45 Schwalgenort) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowale Oleckie, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Zawady Oleckie is approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Kowale Oleckie, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Olecko, and 123 km (76 mi) east of the regional capital, Olsztyn.

Olecko County
Olecko County (Polish: powiat olecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and only town is Olecko, which lies 135 kilometres (84 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

When powiats were re-introduced in the Polish local government reforms of 1999, the present Gołdap and Olecko Counties made up a single entity (called powiat olecko-gołdapski or Olecko-Gołdap County). This was divided into two in 2002.

The county covers an area of 873.57 square kilometres (337.3 sq mi). As of 2024 its total population is 31,863, out of which the population of Olecko is 15,617 and the rural population is 16,246.
Lake Pantelimon
Lake Pantelimon is an anthropic lake located in the northern part of the city of Bucharest, developed on the Colentina River, in the area where it flows through the urban area of the city, situated between Lake Cernica upstream and Lake Dobroești downstream.

String theory landscape
In string theory, the string theory landscape (or landscape of vacua) is the collection of possible false vacua, together comprising a collective "landscape" of choices of parameters governing compactifications.

The term "landscape" comes from the notion of a fitness landscape in evolutionary biology.  It was first applied to cosmology by Lee Smolin in his book The Life of the Cosmos (1997), and was first used in the context of string theory by Leonard Susskind.
Carrickbanagher
Carrickbanagher (Irish: Carraig Uí Bheannacháin or Carraig Beannchar meaning "rock of the points") is a townland in County Sligo, Ireland between the towns of Collooney and Ballymote.

Carrickbanagher has an area of approximately 5.3 square kilometres (2 sq mi), and had a population of 121 people as of the 2011 census.

County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.
Malcolm Davies (rugby)
Alban Malcolm Davies (15 January 1926 – 27 February 2011) was a Welsh rugby union, and a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Penarth RFC, Maesteg RFC (two spells), Cardiff RFC and Cardiff Athletic RFC, as a Wing, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Leigh, Bradford Northern (two spells), and Leeds, as a wing.

Leigh Leopards
The Leigh Leopards are a professional rugby league club based in Leigh, Greater Manchester, England. Leigh play homes games at Leigh Sports Village and compete in Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

Leigh Leopards have won the League Championship twice and Challenge Cup three times.

The clubs traditional home colours are red and white. They have a local rivalry with Wigan Warriors.
Esben Bjerre Hansen
Esben Bjerre Hansen (born 8 February 1987 in Sejs, Silkeborg) is a Danish radio and television host, best known for his job as radio host in the popular radio programme Monte Carlo at DR P3 along with his co-host Peter Falktoft. He went to the Danish School of Media and Journalism in Aarhus until 2013. In 2011, he had a short stay on the San Francisco State University, which ended when he was offered job at DR P3.

Since 2009, Bjerre Hansen has been employed by the Danish Broadcasting Corporation (DR). First, he was attended at the Radio News and DR2 Deadline, until he in 2012 was hired to Monte Carlo on DR P3. In 2012 and 2013 he has, along with Peter Falktoft, won the EkstraBladet "Golden Microphone" and "Årets Drivetime Radio" at Prix Radio. In 2013, they won a Zulu Award for the years best radio programme.

In February 2013, he had television debut with "Monte Carlo loves Putin", which was nominated for a Zulu Award for "Best Original Danish TV program".

Radio News
Radio News was an American monthly technology magazine published from 1919 to 1971. The magazine was started by Hugo Gernsback as a magazine for amateur radio enthusiasts, but it evolved to cover all the technical aspects to radio and electronics. In 1929, a bankruptcy forced the sale of Gernsback's publishing company to B. A. Mackinnon. In 1938, Ziff-Davis Publishing acquired the magazines.
United Polo Players Association
The United Polo Players Association (UPPA) is a local governing body for the sport of Polo in the Philippines. UPPA was founded in 2018 after giving nod by the Philippine Olympic Committee officials to host an international polo event in the country.

It is currently headed by its chairman, 1-Pacman Partylist Representative and GlobalPort Batang Pier team owner Mikee Romero and President Toti Garcia, son of former Philippine Sports Commission chairman Richie Garcia.

Mikee Romero
Michael Odylon "Mikee" Lagman Romero (Tagalog: [ˈmaɪki roˈmɛɾo]; born March 21, 1973) is a Filipino businessman, politician, philanthropist, military reservist, and sportsman. He served as the Party-list Congressman for 1-Pacman from 2016 to 2025 holding roles as Senior Deputy Speaker.

As a businessman, Romero is currently the chairman and president of Globalport 900 and owns the NorthPort Batang Pier basketball team in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). As of December 2018, his declared net worth is ₱7.858 billion. He was the Philippines' richest Congressman and one of the country's 50 richest individuals.

Romero is also a world-ranked polo player, and a Southeast Asian Games medalist.
Greene, North Dakota
Greene is an unincorporated community in Renville County in the U.S. state of North Dakota. Greene was a stop on the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad, but now the line is operated by the Northern Plains Railroad.

Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad
The Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad (MStP&SSM; reporting mark SOO) was a Class I railroad subsidiary of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the Midwestern United States. Commonly known since its opening in 1884 as the Soo Line after the phonetic spelling of Sault, it was merged with several other major CP subsidiaries on January 1, 1961, to form the Soo Line Railroad.
Bhupat Singh
Bhupat Singh was a famous dacoit in India in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He was responsible for delaying the 1951–52 Indian general election. He was active in Saurashtra (state). Later, he came to Pakistan, converted to Islam, and adopted the name "Amin Yusuf". In 1956, Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistani prime minister Mohammad Ali Bogra discussed secretly about handing Bhupat to India. However, when this was reported in Indian media, Pakistani officials stepped back. He died in 2006 and left behind two sons and two daughters.

Dacoity
Dacoity is a term used for "banditry" in the Indian subcontinent. The spelling is the anglicised version of the Hindi word ḍākū; "dacoit" /dəˈkɔɪt/ is a colloquial Indian English word with the meaning "a robber belonging to an armed gang". It appears in the Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases (1903). Banditry is a criminal activity involving robbery by groups of armed bandits. The East India Company established the Thuggee and Dacoity Department in 1830, and the Thuggee and Dacoity Suppression Acts, 1836–1848 were enacted in British India under East India Company rule.  Areas with ravines or forests, such as Chambal and Chilapata Forests, were once known for dacoits.
Snotingas
The Snotingas were an Anglian tribe who gave their name to the settlements of Nottingham, first recorded as Snotengaham, and nearby Sneinton, first recorded as Snotinton. The tribe's name means "followers of Snot", an Old English personal name.

Nottingham's St Mary's Church was probably established as a minster as early as the late 7th century, and the extent of its minster parish is likely to represent the original extent of the Snotingas' territory. Although determining this area is complicated by the large amount of land held by St Mary's granted to Lenton Priory after the Norman Conquest, it certainly included Whiston in the north of the modern city, and probably the areas of Lenton, Radford, Basford, Arnold, West Bridgford, Wilford, Barton and Clifton.

Lenton, Nottingham
Lenton is an area of the city of Nottingham, in the Nottingham district, in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. Most of Lenton is situated in the electoral ward of 'Dunkirk and Lenton', with a small part in 'Wollaton East and Lenton Park'.

Originally a separate agricultural village, Lenton became part of the town of Nottingham in 1877, when the town's boundaries were enlarged. Nottingham became a city as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1897.
S.R. Lakha
S. R. Lakha, IAS (Retd), is the former Vice Chancellor of Gautam Buddha University. He is the brother of the late Harbhajan Lakha, Bahujan Samaj Party's leader and belongs to Ravidassia community. Prior to serving as Vice Chancellor, Lakha served in civil service positions, including Principal Secretary and chairman of the Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission.

Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission
The Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (Uttar Pradesh Lōk Sēvā Āyōg), abbreviated as UPPSC, is a government body of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, responsible for the recruitment of candidates for various government jobs, including the Provincial Civil Service (PCS), under the Government of Uttar Pradesh through competitive examinations. It was established by the Constitution of India, as per the provisions of Articles 315 to 323 (Part XIV) of the constitution, titled Services Under the Union and the States, which provide for a Public Service Commission for the Union and for each state.
Terrorism in Yemen
In its war on terrorism in Yemen, the US government describes Yemen as "an important partner in the global war on terrorism". There have been attacks on civilian targets and tourists, and there was a cargo-plane bomb plot in 2010. Counter-terrorism operations have been conducted by the Yemeni police, the Yemeni military, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, and the U.S. Department of Defense - U.S. Special Operations Forces and United States Central Command.

Cruise missile
A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled guided missile that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large payload over long distances with high precision. Modern cruise missiles are capable of traveling at high subsonic, supersonic, or hypersonic speeds, are self-navigating, and are able to fly on a non-ballistic, extremely low-altitude trajectory.
The Castle in the South
The Castle in the South (German: Das Schloß im Süden) is a 1933 German comedy film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Liane Haid, Viktor de Kowa, and Paul Kemp. A separate French-language version Château de rêve was also produced and released by UFA's French subsidiary. It was made at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin while location shooting took place in Dalmatia and at Rügen in Pomerania. The film's sets were designed by the art director Emil Hasler.

Paul Kemp (actor)
Paul Kemp (20 May 1896 – 13 August 1953) was a German stage and film actor. Kemp worked as a piano accompaniest for silent films, and then served as an ambulance driver on the Western Front during the First World War. Post-war he moved into acting on the stage in Düsseldorf and Hamburg. His career really took off when he moved to Berlin in 1929, appearing in the hit stage version of the novel Menschen im Hotel by Vicki Baum. He made his film debut in 1930, shortly after the introduction of sound film. He appeared prolifically in German and Austrian films until his death in 1953.
1982 Currie Cup
The 1982 Currie Cup was the 44th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier annual domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.

The tournament was won by Western Province for the 23rd time; they beat Northern Transvaal 24–7 in the final in Cape Town.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Perjury Act 1911
The Perjury Act 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 6) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It creates the offence of perjury and a number of similar offences.

The act has effect as if section 89 of the Criminal Justice Act 1967 and section 80 of the Civil Partnership Act 2004 were contained in this act.

Statute Law Revision Act 1927
The Statute Law Revision Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 42) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The enactments which were repealed (whether for the whole or any part of the United Kingdom) by the act were repealed so far as they extended to the Isle of Man on 25 July 1991.
Charles W. Rush
Charles W. Rush, Jr. (March 18, 1919 – February 27, 2015) was a United States Navy captain who served during World War II and the Korean War. During World War II, Rush saved the entire crew of the submarine USS Billfish from a November 1943 depth charge attack by three Japanese destroyers. His actions remained hidden for nearly 60 years before he was honored with the Navy Cross in 2002 for his actions. Rush served on the USS Thresher, USS Carbonero, and USS Billfish and served in command of the submarines USS Queenfish and USS Blackfin before retiring from the Navy in 1961. Rush developed a number of submarine-launched missiles, including a notable high-speed wake-less torpedo.

USS Blackfin
USS Blackfin (SS-322), a Balao-class submarine in commission from 1944 to 1948 and from 1951 to 1972, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the blackfin cisco, a food fish of the Great Lakes.

During World War II, Blackfin completed five war patrols in the Philippine Islands, South China Sea, and Yellow Sea. She sank the Japanese destroyer Shigure, which until then was known for her legendary luck, surviving for most of the war and a number of important Japanese naval operations. Blackfin also sank a Japanese cargo ship. After World War II, Blackfin served in the United States Pacific Fleet, and saw service in the Vietnam War.
Percy Sykes Stakes
The Percy Sykes Stakes, registered as the Keith Mackay Handicap, is an Australian Turf Club Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race, for two-year-old fillies, at set weights with penalties, over a distance of 1200 metres, held at Randwick Racecourse in Sydney, Australia in the autumn during the ATC Championships series. It is run on the same day as the Sydney Cup. Total prize money for the race is A$1,000,000.

Randwick Racecourse
Royal Randwick Racecourse is a racecourse for horse racing located in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales. Randwick Racecourse is Crown Land leased to the Australian Turf Club and known to many Sydney racegoers as headquarters. The racecourse is located about six kilometres south-east from the Sydney Central Business District in the suburb of Randwick. The course proper has a circumference of 2224m with a home straight of 410m.

On 14 October 2017, the inaugural running of The Everest was held at Royal Randwick. The Everest is the richest race in Australia and the richest turf race in the world with $15 million in prize money.

Since 2014, Randwick hosts The Championships, a two-day season-ending meeting in April that offers over AUD$20 million in prize money. It features several Group 1 races such as the Australian Derby, Doncaster Handicap and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

Other annual events include the Sydney Carnival, Spring Carnival and the Chinese Festival of Racing.