hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rough breathing
In the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, the  rough breathing (Ancient Greek: δασὺ πνεῦμα, romanized: dasỳ pneûma or δασεῖα daseîa;  Latin: spiritus asper) character is a diacritical mark used to indicate the presence of an /h/ sound before a vowel, diphthong, or after rho. It remained in the polytonic orthography even after the Hellenistic period, when the sound disappeared from the Greek language. In the monotonic orthography of Modern Greek phonology, in use since 1982, it is not used at all.

The absence of an /h/ sound is marked by the smooth breathing.

The character, or those with similar shape such as U+02BB ʻ MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA, have also been used for a similar sound by Thomas Wade (and others) in the Wade–Giles system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese. Herbert Giles and others have used a left (opening) curved single quotation mark for the same purpose; the apostrophe, backtick, and visually similar characters are often seen as well.

Backtick
The backtick ` is a typographical mark used mainly in computing. It is also known as backquote, grave, or grave accent.

The character was designed for typewriters to add a grave accent to a (lower-case) base letter, by overtyping it atop that letter. On early computer systems, however, this physical dead key+overtype function was rarely supported, being functionally replaced by precomposed characters. Consequently, this ASCII symbol was rarely (if ever) used in computer systems for its original aim and became repurposed  in computer programming for many unrelated uses.

The sign is located on the left-top of a US or UK layout keyboard, next to the 1 key. Provision (if any) of the backtick on other keyboards varies by national keyboard layout and keyboard mapping. In layouts that use the dead key concept, the backtick key is most frequently chosen for that purpose.
Ibrahim Labaan Shareef
Ibrahim Labaan Shareef (born 18 January 1996) is a Maldivian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. He currently plays for Club Valencia. Labaan made his debut in the Dhivehi Premier League on 25 May 2013.

Dhivehi Premier League
The Dhivehi Premier League, known as the Dhiraagu Dhivehi Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is a Maldivian men's professional football league. At the top of the Maldives football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 10 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Second Division Football Tournament.

The Dhivehi Premier League succeeded the Dhivehi League. Currently all ten teams are based at the National Football Stadium.
120 (number)
120 (one hundred [and] twenty) is the natural number following 119 and preceding 121.

In the Germanic languages, the number 120 was also formerly known as "one hundred". This "hundred" of six score is now obsolete but is described as the long hundred or great hundred in historical contexts.

Multiply perfect number
In mathematics, a multiply perfect number (also called multiperfect number or pluperfect number) is a generalization of a perfect number.

For a given natural number k, a number n is called k-perfect (or k-fold perfect) if the sum of all positive divisors of n (the divisor function, σ(n)) is equal to kn; a number is thus perfect if and only if it is 2-perfect. A number that is k-perfect for a certain k is called a multiply perfect number. As of 2014, k-perfect numbers are known for each value of k up to 11.

It is unknown whether there are any odd multiply perfect numbers other than 1. The first few multiply perfect numbers are:

1, 6, 28, 120, 496, 672, 8128, 30240, 32760, 523776, 2178540, 23569920, 33550336, 45532800, 142990848, 459818240, ... (sequence A007691 in the OEIS).
Michelsberg (Eifel)
The Michelsberg, at 586.1 m above sea level (NHN), is the highest point in the borough of Bad Münstereifel in the county of Euskirchen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The hill, which rises near the village of Mahlberg belongs to that part of the Eifel mountains known as the Ahr Hills (Ahreifel), and is the second highest point in the range.

Kuppe
A Kuppe is the term used in German-speaking central Europe for a mountain or hill with a rounded summit that has no rock formation, such as a tor, on it. A range of such hills is called a Kuppengebirge. In geology the term also refers to corresponding stratigraphic forms. The term is similar to the English topographical and geological terms, knoll and dome. It is also analogous to the French word ballon which means a mountain with a rounded summit.

In cartography in German-speaking countries, the term is used more widely to refer to all eminences (biaxially convex landforms) i.e. including those with a more pointed appearance.

Kuppen are a common feature of many ranges within the German Central Uplands including the Rhön Mountains.
Ian Peel (journalist)
Ian Peel (born 1972) is a British music journalist. He is founder of the magazines Classic Pop and Long Live Vinyl and is a writer with special interests in Eighties pop music, ZTT Records, and Paul McCartney's experimental works.

He was label manager of ZTT Records - and its sister label Stiff Records - and has consulted to the label since 1991.

He has been a regular columnist for The Guardian, DJ Mag, Record Collector, net and Music Business International (sister publication of Music Week). His work has also appeared in The Times, BlackBook and Sound on Sound.

BlackBook
BlackBook is an arts and culture magazine published bi-annually to print and online. Founded by Evanly Schindler in 1996 as a quarterly print publication, covering topics ranging from art, music, and literature to politics, popular culture, and travel guides.

Since 2020 the brand’s daily coverage appears online as BlackBook Presents, whose Art + Impact projects include the 2022 Sotheby’s Los Angeles exhibition ‘‘A Woman’s Right to Pleasure’’.
Janina vilayet
The Vilayet of Janina, Yanya or Ioannina (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت يانیه, romanized: Vilâyet-i Yanya) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire, established in 1867. In the late 19th century, it reportedly had an area of 18,320 square kilometres (7,070 sq mi). It was created by merging the Pashalik of Yanina and the Pashalik of Berat with the sanjaks of Janina, Berat, Ergiri, Preveze, Tırhala and Kesriye. Kesriye was later demoted to kaza and bounded to Monastir Vilayet and Tırhala was given to Greece in 1881. With the end of the Ottoman rule, the southern area of the vilayed became part of Greece and its northern area became part of Albania.

Vilayet
A vilayet (Ottoman Turkish: ولایت, 'province'; [vi.laː.jet]), also known by various other names, was a first-order administrative division of the later Ottoman Empire. It was introduced in the Vilayet Law of 21 January 1867, part of the Tanzimat reform movement initiated by the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856. The Danube Vilayet had been specially formed in 1864 as an experiment under the leading reformer Midhat Pasha. The Vilayet Law expanded its use, but it was not until 1884 that it was applied to all of the empire's provinces. Writing for the Encyclopaedia Britannica in 1911, Vincent Henry Penalver Caillard claimed that the reform had intended to provide the provinces with greater amounts of local self-government but in fact centralized more power with the sultan and local Muslims at the expense of other communities.
Lake Oponona
Lake Oponona (Ndonga: the one that swallowed up all the water) is a natural lake in the Uuvudhiya Constituency in the Oshana Region of northern Namibia. It is situated about 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Etosha Pan and is the largest lake in the Cuvelai Basin.

It holds water up to the following rainy season in a prosperous year. Because the lake maintains water for a long time a number of birds like flamingos and others temporarily move there, when the oshanas (flood plains), swamps, and other wetlands dry up.

During the 2012/2013 drought Lake Oponona shrank by more than 500 metres (1,600 ft) due to thousands of cattle that were moved there to drink.

There is also Oponona River situated at Oniizimba village of Ompundja Constituency.

Ndonga
Oshindonga, is a Bantu dialect spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Kwanyama, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form. With 810,000 speakers, the language has the largest number of speakers in Namibia.

Martti Rautanen translated the Bible into the Oshindonga dialect. Beginning his work in 1885, he published the New Testament in 1903, but it took until 1920 to finish the Old Testament. His Bible translation became the basis of a standardized form of Ndonga.
Tamasa caverna
Tamasa caverna, also known as the boulder bunyip, is a species of cicada in the true cicada family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2014 by Australian entomologists Maxwell Sydney Moulds and John C. Olive.

Maxwell Sydney Moulds
Maxwell Sydney Moulds (b. 1941) is an Australian entomologist. The majority of his books are written about cicadas. He led a morphological analysis that found that cicadas separate naturally into clades according to biogeographical area.
City and Guilds English examinations
The City and Guilds examination body issues a number of English examinations for speakers of English as a second or other language (ESOL). The exams use a communicative approach, and can be taken at educational institutions approved by City and Guilds. City and Guilds developed its English examinations after they acquired the Pitman Examinations Institute in 1990. Pitman had a range of language qualifications, and City and Guilds took these over and developed them into their current range of English examinations. The exams that they offer include International ESOL, International Spoken ESOL, International Business English, English for Office Skills, and English for Young Learners.

In 2015, PeopleCert (www.peoplecert.org) acquired the City & Guilds English Language exams and all related intellectual property from City & Guilds. The IESOL & ISESOL exam suites were reintroduced to the market in 2016 as LanguageCert International ESOL examinations.

City and Guilds Foundation
The City and Guilds Foundation is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies to develop a national system of technical education, the institute has been operating under royal charter, granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first president of the institute.

It is also a registered charity and was the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM qualifications, offering many accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework until October 2025 when City and Guilds Ltd was formed as a commercial organisation. The institute's president is the Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father the Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chair of Council is Dame Ann Limb, who took office in 2021.
Mount Rainey
Mount Rainey is a 1,983-metre (6,506-foot) summit located in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It is situated 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) southeast of Stewart, British Columbia, and 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) east of Hyder, Alaska. The nearest higher neighbor is Mount Magee, 2.26 km (1.40 mi) to the east-northeast. This mountain's toponym was officially adopted 4 May 1926 on Geological Survey sheet 193A, and confirmed by the Geographical Names Board of Canada in 1953 to remember Robert "Bob" Rainey, the first locator on this mountain who was killed on his mineral claim near Stewart. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into the Portland Canal. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,983 metres (6,506 feet) above tidewater of the fjord in 4 kilometres (2.5 miles).

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
TJ Innova Engineering & Technology
TJ Innova Engineering & Technology Co., Ltd. (上海同济同捷科技股份有限公司), abbreviated as TJI, is a private design company for the automotive industry. They are specialized in creating vehicle concepts and in the building of design studies and concept cars. The company was founded in 1999 by Professor Leiled Tji and Tong Jian. The company is located in Shanghai.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
Meretz Youth
Meretz Youth (Hebrew: נוער מרצ, Noar Meretz) is the youth wing of the Israeli political party Meretz. The organization was founded in 1992, after the union between the Israeli political parties Mapam and Ratz. The first coordinator of Meretz Youth was Ilan Gilon.

Meretz Youth opened branches in Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan, Petah Tikva, Ashdod, Kiryat Ono, Beersheba, Kfar Saba, Hertzliyah, Haifa, Givatayim, Rishon LeZion, Bat Yam, Pardes Hana and Jerusalem. In their branches, the organization combines cultural and political education with political activism.

The organization is presented also in Meretz's management. In the party's constitution, it was told that 2% of the management of the party must come from Meretz Youth.

Today, about 400 students between the ages 12–18 are members of Meretz Youth.

Kfar Saba
Kfar Saba [kfaʁˈsaba] (Hebrew: כְּפַר סַבָּא, lit. 'Grandfather's Village'), officially Kfar Sava [kfaʁ saˈva], is a city in the Sharon region, of the Central District of Israel. In 2023 it had a population of 100,013, making it the 16th-largest city in Israel. The population of Kfar Saba is nearly entirely Jewish.
Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa São José
Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa São José, commonly known as São José-AP (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈsɐ͂wʒozɛ ˈdoamaˈpa]), or simply São José, is a Brazilian multi-sport club based in Macapá, Amapá. The club is most notable for its association football team, which last played in a professional match in September 2015.

They competed in the Série C once.

Zerão
Estádio Olímpico Milton de Souza Corrêa (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [isˈtadʒw oˈlĩpiku ˈmiwtõ dʒi ˈsowzɐ koˈʁejɐ]), commonly known as Zerão [zɛˈɾɐ̃w], is a multi-purpose stadium located in Macapá, Brazil. It is used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of Esporte Clube Macapá, Oratório Recreativo Clube, Trem Desportivo Clube, Santos Futebol Clube (AP) and São Paulo Futebol Clube (AP). The stadium has a maximum capacity of 13,680 people and was built in 1990. The name (and the fame) come from the common belief that the midfield line lies exactly on the Equator—zero latitude—thus causing each team to defend one hemisphere. It is actually approximately 50 meters (160 ft) north of the equator, with the equator itself lying at the far southern end of the field.
Teratodes
Teratodes is the type genus of grasshoppers in the subfamily Teratodinae; species are native to India and Sri Lanka and are sometimes known as hooded grasshoppers.  It was established by the French entomologist Gaspard Auguste Brullé in 1835.

Hooded grasshoppers feed on tree leaves, and they can become serious pests of teak and sandalwood. Both the nymphs and adults of the species are dull green in color. The pronotum expands into a large sharp "hood" structure edged with yellow-orange, giving them the general appearance of a leaf.

Nymph (biology)
In biology, a nymph (from Ancient Greek νύμφα nūmphē meaning "bride") is the juvenile form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis (hemimetabolism) before reaching its adult stage.  Unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult, except for a lack of wings (in winged species) and the emergence of genitalia. In addition, while a nymph moults, it never enters a pupal stage. Instead, the final moult results in an adult insect. Nymphs undergo multiple stages of development called instars.
Livability court
A Livability Court is a municipal court (or court of limited jurisdiction) focused on cases involving non-compliance with codes and standards about housing, waste, the environment, noise, animal control, zoning, traffic, and tourism.

The first Livability Court in the United States was created in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2002.  Other cities in South Carolina have since adopted Livability Courts including North Charleston, Lancaster, Greer and Newberry.

Waste
Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product, by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or resource through an invention that raises a waste product's value above zero.

Examples include municipal solid waste (household garbage), hazardous waste, wastewater (such as sewage, which contains bodily wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff), radioactive waste, and others.
Benny Berthet
Benjamin Berthet (18 September 1910 – 20 January 1981) was a French tennis player and coach.

Berthet was born to Polish-Jewish emigrants in New York and moved to France as a nine-year old.

In 1931 he made the singles quarter-finals of the French Championships, losing to the top seed Jean Borotra.

Berthet's title wins included the Polish International Championships.

A jeweller by profession, Berthet fought with the French Army in World War II and became a prisoner of war in 1941. During his captivity at Oflag IV-D he and other prisoners build tennis courts to play on.

Berthet continued to compete after the war until his appointment as non playing captain of the France Davis Cup team in 1954. He held this role for a then record 11-years, before being replaced by Gérard Pilet after the 1955 campaign.

1931 French Championships (tennis)
The 1931 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 22 May until 31 May. It was the 36th staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. Jean Borotra and Cilly Aussem won the singles titles.
Guatemala–Mexico relations
Guatemala and Mexico are neighboring nations who established diplomatic relations in 1848. In January 1959 both nations broke diplomatic relations as a result of the Mexico–Guatemala conflict, however, diplomatic relations were re-established 8 months later in September of that same year. Since then, diplomatic relations have continued unabated. Diplomatic relations between both nations are based on geographic proximity, trade, cultural similarities and a shared history.

Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

Alejandro Giammattei
Alejandro Eduardo Giammattei Falla (Spanish pronunciation: [aleˈxandɾo ʝamaˈtej]; born 9 March 1956) is a Guatemalan politician who was the 51st president of Guatemala from 2020 to 2024.

He is a former director of the Guatemalan penitentiary system and participated in Guatemala's presidential elections in 2007, 2011, and 2015.

He won in the 2019 election, and assumed office on 14 January 2020.
The Blue Butterfly
The Blue Butterfly (French: Le papillon bleu) is a 2004 Canadian biographical adventure drama film, directed by Léa Pool, produced by PorchLight Entertainment and Alliance Atlantis starring Marc Donato as Pete Carlton, a boy terminally ill with cancer, whose final wish is to find the elusive blue morpho butterfly. William Hurt plays entomologist Alan Osborne, who takes him to the jungles of Costa Rica to find the insect.

The story is based on the life of David Marenger and his trip with entomologist Georges Brossard in 1987. It was filmed on location in Canada's Montreal, Quebec and Central America's Costa Rica.

PorchLight Entertainment
PorchLight Entertainment, Inc. was an American animation and live-action production company founded in 1995 by Bruce D. Johnson and William T. Baumann. It focused on the development & production of television series in both live action and animation formats, as well as content for film and home video.
Edgar Barrier
Edgar Barrier (March 4, 1907 – June 20, 1964) was an American actor who appeared on radio, stage, and screen. In the 1930s he was a member of Orson Welles' Mercury Theatre and was one of several actors who played Simon Templar on The Saint radio show. He also appeared in two films with Welles, Journey into Fear (1943) and Macbeth (1948). Barrier also appeared in the 1938 Welles-directed short, Too Much Johnson, which was long believed lost but was rediscovered in 2013.

He was a guest star on a few episodes of Disney's Zorro as Don Cornelio Esperon.

Barrier was born in New York City and died in Hollywood, California from a heart attack.

Macbeth (1948 film)
Macbeth is a 1948 American historical drama directed by Orson Welles. A film adaptation of William Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name, it tells the story of the Scottish general who becomes the King of Scotland through treachery and murder. The film stars Welles in the lead role and Jeanette Nolan (in her feature film debut) as Lady Macbeth.
Joseph Royle (publisher)
Joseph Royle (1732-1766) was a Colonial printer and publisher in British America during the reign of George III. Royle was born in 1732 within the geography of North West England reasonably substantiating his scottish ancestry. Royle married Rosanna Hunter and had two sons, William Royle and Hunter Royle.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.