hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open Awards
Open Awards is a national Awarding Body and Access Validating Agency with headquarters in Liverpool. They are regulated by Ofqual, Qualification Wales and are an Access Validating Agency. They create and award educational and vocational qualifications from Entry Level to Level 4 (education), as well as Access to Higher Education Diplomas. They offer qualification across England and Wales. They also offer unregulated units.

The company is registered with the Quality Assurance Agency, and with the Ofqual, the Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation. The awards are offered by schools, colleges, businesses and offender learning institutions across England.

Open Awards were previously known as Open College Network North West Region. An assessment from Warwick University indicated these awards were successful at widening participation

Entry Level
Entry Level is the lowest level in the National Qualifications Framework in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Qualifications at this level recognise basic knowledge and skills and the ability to apply learning in everyday situations under direct guidance or supervision. Learning at this level involves building basic knowledge and skills and is not usually geared towards specific occupations.

Entry Level qualifications can be taken at three levels (Entry 1, Entry 2 and Entry 3) and are available on a broad range of subjects. They are targeted at a range of learners, including adult learners, candidates on taster sessions, underachievers and ones with learning difficulties.

The level after Entry Level in the National Qualifications Framework is Level 1, which includes GCSE grades D-G (or 3-1 for reformed GCSEs) and Level 1 DiDA.
Colesville–Ashton Line
The Colesville–Ashton Line, designated route Z2, was a weekday peak-hour bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Olney (Spartan Road & Georgia Avenue) and Silver Spring Metro station of Washington Metro's red line. The line operated every 30–35 minutes during weekday peak hours only. The route Z2 trips were roughly 60–70 minutes long.

Red Line (Washington Metro)
The Red Line is a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 27 stations in Montgomery County, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., in the United States. It is a primary line through downtown Washington and the oldest and busiest line in the system. It forms a long, narrow "U," capped by its terminal stations at Shady Grove and Glenmont.

Trains run every 4–5 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 6 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 10 minutes daily after 9:30pm.

The Red Line is the only line in the system that does not share its tracks with another Metrorail line. However, it operates parallel to CSX Transportation freight trains along the railroad's Metropolitan Subdivision from the D.C. neighborhood of Brentwood north past Silver Spring, Maryland, and from Twinbrook to its terminus at Shady Grove.
Vratislav Čech
Vratislav Čech (born January 28, 1979) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman.  He played in the Czech Extraliga for HC Femax Havířov, HC Kladno and HC Plzeň.  He was drafted 56th overall by the Florida Panthers in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft.

Rytíři Kladno
Rytíři Kladno (English: Kladno Knights) is a Czech professional ice hockey team based in the city of Kladno. They are currently a member of the Czech Extraliga. The team president and owner is Jaromír Jágr, a former NHL player, who is currently playing in home games for the team in addition to his ownership and administrative roles. The team plays its home games at ČEZ Stadion.
Battle of Hogland (1713)
The Battle of Hogland on 22 July 1713 was a naval battle between Sweden and the Tsardom of Russia which took place on 22 July 1713 near the shallows of Kalbådagrund in the Gulf of Finland, 50 km (31 mi) south of Porvoo, Sweden (present-day Finland). It was an indecisive engagement, part of the Great Northern War.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
2025 Atlas 150
The 2025 Atlas 150 was the 12th stock car race of the 2025 ARCA Menards Series season, the 7th race of the 2025 ARCA Menards Series East season, and the 19th running of the event. The race was held on Friday, August 1, 2025, at Iowa Speedway in Newton, Iowa, a 0.875 mile (1.408 km) permanent asphalt tri-oval shaped speedway. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. Brenden Queen, driving for Pinnacle Racing Group, would hold off a hard-charging Brent Crews in the final few laps to earn his fifth career ARCA Menards Series win, his second career ARCA Menards Series East win, and his fifth of the season. Queen also dominated the race, leading a race-high 112 laps. To fill out the podium, Lawless Alan, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would finish in 3rd, respectively.

Venturini Motorsports
Venturini Motorsports was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, and ARCA Menards Series West. Founded in 1982 by Bill Venturini Sr., Venturini Motorsports was the longest continually operated ARCA racing team in the United States. The team was based in Concord, North Carolina.

The team announced on April 18, 2025 that they will shut down their operations, transferring the ownership to Nitro Motorsports beginning on October 15.
Malaysia Open (badminton)
The Malaysia Open (Malay: Terbuka Malaysia) is an annual Super 1000 badminton tournament that has been held since 1937. It has been played in various locations such as Kuala Lumpur, Johor, Sabah, Sarawak, Penang, Selangor, and Pahang.

The event's annual pattern was interrupted three times: from 1942 to 1946, because of World War II, from 1969 to 1982, and from 2020 to 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It became one of the BWF Super Series tournaments from 2007 to 2017 known as the Malaysia Super Series. BWF categorised Malaysia Open as one of the five BWF World Tour Super 750 events in the BWF events structure since 2018. Since 2023, it became a Super 1000 tournament.

BWF Super Series
The BWF Super Series was a series of Grade 2 badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). It was launched on December 14, 2006, and implemented in 2007.

Since 2011, the Super Series includes two levels of tournament, Super Series Premier and Super Series. A season of Super Series featured twelve tournaments around the world, including five of them classified as Super Series Premier. Super Series Premier tournament offers higher ranking point and higher minimum total prize money. Top eight players/pairs in each discipline in Super Series standings are invited to the Super Series Finals held at the year end.

BWF announced a new tournament structure in March 2017, BWF World Tour together with the new hosts for the 2018–2021 cycle to replace this Super Series tournament.
Karamu Cave
Karamu Cave is a stream cave of over 2 miles (3.2 km), with several large chambers, near Karamu in the North Island of New Zealand, which Waikato Regional Council has classed as regionally significant. It was discovered about 1925, after blasting at the nearby limeworks. The name "Karamu" comes from the Māori word for the karamū tree. Bones of moas were found in the cave in 1927 and of the snipe-rail (Capellirallus karamu) in 1954.

The cave is in 30 million year old Elgood Limestone, with stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone, crystals and fossils. Glowworms (Māori: Titiwai) live in the caves, as humidity is high, which suits the silk threads which capture their prey. In 1946 there was mention of a Te Pahu Colliery near the caves.

Arachnocampa luminosa
Arachnocampa luminosa (Skuse, 1891), commonly known as New Zealand glowworm or simply glowworm, is a species of fungus gnat solely endemic to New Zealand. The larval stage and the imago produce a blue-green bioluminescence. The species is known to dwell in caves and on sheltered banks in the native bush where humidity is high, as moisture helps to maintain their silk structures that capture prey. Its Māori names are pūrātoke, from the verb "to glow", and titiwai, meaning "lights reflected in water." This likely derives from the glowworms' presence near bodies of water, where their luminous displays are reflected.
Rhamphomyia umbripennis
Rhamphomyia umbripennis is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae. It is included in the subgenus Holoclera of the genus Rhamphomyia. It is found in most of Europe, from Ireland east to Slovakia and from Fennoscandia south to Italy. In the northern part of the range it is found from Norway to central Russia.

Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia. Administratively, this roughly encompasses the mainlands of Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia.
Chiya Hamid Sharif
Chiya Hamid Sharif (known as Chiya Sharif) (born September 15, 1975) is a Kurdish politician and member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP).

Sharif was born in the Zakho region of Dohuk Governorate. As of 2026 he is a member of the Kurdistan Parliament. " Chiya Sharif " is a member of the Kurdistan Community and Relations Committee, and vice-chairman of the Parliamentary Affairs Committee in the Kurdistan Parliament. " Chiya Sharif " is fluent in Kurdish, Persian, Dutch, English, Arabic and Turkish.

Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (Kurdish: پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان, romanized: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."

The KDP is dominated by the Barzani tribe and the party's stated ideologies are conservatism, secularism, and Kurdish nationalism.
Western Naval Task Force
Western Naval Task Force was the name used for several groups of warships during amphibious landings in World War II:

A force under Rear-Admiral Hewitt that landed US Army units during the Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of French North Africa in 1942

A force under Rear-Admiral Hewitt that landed US Army units during the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943

A force under Admiral Hewitt that landed the US Fifth Army during the Allied invasion of Italy in 1943

A force under Admiral Kirk that landed the US First Army during the invasion of Normandy in 1944

A force under Admiral Hewitt that landed the US Army during the Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of Southern France in 1944.

Alan Goodrich Kirk
Alan Goodrich Kirk (October 30, 1888 – October 15, 1963) was a United States Navy admiral during World War II who most notably served as the American senior naval commander during the Normandy landings. After the war he embarked on a diplomatic career serving as U.S. ambassador to Belgium, the Soviet Union and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) provides a means of studying the fundamental interaction between light and matter (quantum optics). As in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics, a single photon within a single mode cavity coherently couples to a quantum object (atom). In contrast to cavity QED, the photon is stored in a one-dimensional on-chip resonator and the quantum object is no natural atom but an artificial one. These artificial atoms usually are mesoscopic devices which exhibit an atom-like energy spectrum.  The field of circuit QED is a prominent example for quantum information processing and a promising candidate for future quantum computation.

In the late 2010s decade, experiments involving cQED in 3 dimensions have demonstrated deterministic gate teleportation and other operations on multiple qubits.

Rydberg atom
A Rydberg atom is an excited atom with one or more electrons that have a very high principal quantum number, n. The higher the value of n, the farther the electron is from the nucleus, on average. Rydberg atoms have a number of peculiar properties including an exaggerated response to electric and magnetic fields, long decay periods and electron wavefunctions that approximate, under some conditions, classical orbits of electrons about the nuclei.  The core electrons shield the outer electron from the electric field of the nucleus such that, from a distance, the electric potential looks identical to that experienced by the electron in a hydrogen atom.
Bowman Bay (Nunavut)
Bowman Bay is an Arctic waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Foxe Basin by northeastern Foxe Peninsula off Baffin Island. The nearest community is Kinngait, situated 204 km (127 mi) to the south, while Nuwata (65°08′N 77°37′W﻿ / ﻿65.133°N 77.617°W﻿ / 65.133; -77.617﻿ (Nuwata)), a former settlement, is situated 188 km (117 mi) to the west near Finnie Bay.

Foxe Peninsula
Foxe Peninsula is a peninsula found at the southern end of Baffin Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It juts out from the southern end of the island in a southwestern direction, dividing Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait. Its western extremity is Cape Queen; to the southeast lies the Inuit hamlet of Kinngait. At the western coast is Inuksuk Point, which contains more than 100 inuksuit.

The peninsula is 241 km (150 mi) long and 80 km (50 mi) to 161 km (100 mi) wide.

The peninsula is named for the English explorer Luke Foxe.
Renfrewshire Cup
The Renfrewshire Cup was an annual association football competition between teams in the historic county of Renfrewshire in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. The final was generally a Renfrewshire derby contested between the two largest teams in the county, Paisley's St Mirren and Greenock side Morton.

Central Lowlands
56°24′29″N 4°02′38″W﻿ / ﻿56.408°N 4.044°W﻿ / 56.408; -4.044

The Central Lowlands, sometimes called the Midland Valley or Central Valley, is a geologically defined area of relatively low-lying  land in southern Scotland. It consists of a rift valley between the Highland Boundary Fault to the north and the Southern Uplands Fault to the south. The Central Lowlands are one of the three main geographical sub-divisions of Scotland, the other two being the Highlands and Islands which lie to the north, northwest and the Southern Uplands, which lie south of the associated second fault line. It is the most populated of Scotland’s three geographical regions.
Norwegian Biathlon Championships 2014
The 56th Norwegian Biathlon Championships were held in Voss Municipality, Hordaland, Norway, from 25 March to 30 March 2014 at the stadium Voss ski- og tursenter, arranged by Voss SSL. There were a total of 8 scheduled competitions: individual, sprint, mass start, and relay races for men and women. The stadium had been fitted with new electronic targets made from rubber rather than the conventional metal. Based on the sound made when the bullet hit the target, the computer system calculated exactly where the bullet hit. The targets were produced by Megalink AS.

Ole Einar Bjørndalen did not participate in any races due to fever, but still appeared at the stadium during the championships, mingling with the fans and even commentating on the men's mass start for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Emil Hegle Svendsen and Tarjei Bø also missed the races due to illness.

Hordaland
Hordaland (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn] ⓘ) was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Municipality, which is located in Bergen. Before 1972, the city of Bergen was its own separate county, apart from Hordaland. On 1 January 2020, the county was merged with neighbouring Sogn og Fjordane county, to form the new Vestland county.
The Stonemasters
The Stonemasters were a group of rock climbers and adventurers in the 1970s, roughly 1973 to 1980, who originally climbed in Southern California—principally Tahquitz, Suicide Rock, Joshua Tree—and later, Yosemite National Park further north. The initial group were those of the first ten ascents of Valhalla on Suicide Rock.

Adventure
An adventure is a novel and exciting undertaking that is typically bold, sometimes risky. Adventures may be activities with danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting, or other extreme sports. Adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in order to achieve a greater goal, such as the pursuit of knowledge that can only be obtained by such activities.
Amaryllididae
Amaryllididae is a family of marine benthic amphipods found throughout the Southern Hemisphere. These smooth, laterally compressed amphipods can be distinguished by the accessory setal row of the mandible having a distal tuft. It was first described in 2002 by James K. Lowry and Helen E. Stoddart. It contains the following genera:

Amaryllis Haswell, 1879

Bamarooka Lowry & Stoddart, 2002

Bathyamaryllis Pirlot, 1933

Bertoliella

Devo Lowry & Stoddart, 2002

Erikus Lowry & Stoddart, 1987

Pseudamaryllis Andres, 1981

Vijaya Walker, 1904

Wonga Lowry & Stoddart, 2002

Amphipoda
Amphipoda (/æmˈfɪpədə/) is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods (/ˈæmfɪpɒdz/) range in size from 1 to 340 millimetres (0.039 to 13 in) and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. More than 10,700 amphipod species are currently recognized. They are mostly marine animals but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 2,250 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers, such as Talitrus saltator and Arcitalitrus sylvaticus.
Erigeron vicinus
Erigeron vicinus is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names neighbor fleabane and border fleabane. It grows in north-central Mexico (state of Coahuila) and in western Texas in the United States. Some of the populations lie inside Big Bend National Park.

Erigeron vicinus grows on rocky slopes and in canyons. It is a perennial herb rarely up to 30 centimeters (12 inches) tall, producing a taproot and a branching woody caudex. It generally produces 1-2 flower heads per stem. Each head contains 60–95 ray florets, each ray white with a lilac stripe along the middle/ The rays surround numerous yellow disc florets.

The species was named vicinus, meaning "neighbor", in reference to the close proximity of the international border to the location where the plant was first collected.

Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally and horizontally. Typically, a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproot is a storage organ so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.

The taproot system contrasts with the adventitious- or fibrous-root system of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during germination go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example, Welwitschia.
Sir Thomas Taylor, 1st Baronet
Sir Thomas Taylor, 1st Baronet (25 July 1662 – 8 August 1736) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Taylor was the son of Thomas Taylor, who had settled in Ireland from Sussex following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1652, and Anne Axtell. He sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Kells between 1692 and 1699. He then represented Belturbet from 1703 to 1713, before returning to sit for Kells from 1713 to 1736. In 1704 Taylor was created a baronet, of Kells in the Baronetage of Ireland.

He married Anne Cotton, daughter of Sir Robert Cotton, 1st Baronet, of Combermere and Hester Salusbury, on 20 June 1682. He was succeeded in his title by his eldest son, also called Thomas.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Mosfilm
Mosfilm (Russian: Мосфильм, Mosfil’m pronounced [məsˈfʲilʲm], initialism and portmanteau of Moscow Films) is a film studio in Moscow which is among the largest and oldest in Russia and in Europe. Founded in 1924 in the Soviet Union as a production unit of that nation's film monopoly, its output includes most of the more widely acclaimed Soviet-era films, ranging from works by Andrei Tarkovsky and Sergei Eisenstein, to Red Westerns, to the Akira Kurosawa co-production Dersu Uzala (Дерсу Узала) and War and Peace (Война и мир).

Film studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; however, most firms in the entertainment industry have never had their own studios, but have rented space from other companies instead. Day-to-day filming operations are generally handled by a production company subsidiary.

Another type of company is an independently owned studio facility, which does not produce motion pictures by itself; such facilities only sell studio space.