hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slit lamp
In ophthalmology and optometry, a slit lamp is an instrument consisting of a high-intensity light source that can be focused to shine a thin sheet of light into the eye.  It is used in conjunction with a biomicroscope. The lamp facilitates an examination of the anterior segment and posterior segment of the human eye, which includes the eyelid, sclera, conjunctiva, iris, natural crystalline lens, and cornea. The binocular slit-lamp examination provides a stereoscopic magnified view of the eye structures in detail, enabling anatomical diagnoses to be made for a variety of eye conditions. A second, hand-held lens is used to examine the retina.

Posterior segment of eyeball
The posterior segment or posterior cavity is the back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. The portion of the posterior segment visible during ophthalmoscopy (or fundoscopy) is sometimes referred to as the posterior pole, or fundus. Some ophthalmologists specialize in the treatment and management of posterior segment disorders and diseases.

In some animals, the retina contains a reflective layer (the tapetum lucidum) which increases the amount of light each photosensitive cell perceives, reflecting the light out of the eye, allowing the animal to see better under low light conditions.
Salas de los Infantes
Salas de los Infantes is a municipality and city in Burgos province between La Rioja, Soria and Burgos city in Spain. It is hilly with many foothills and mountains. The mountain range Sierra de la Demanda with the black lagoon, La Laguna Negra, is nearby.

Sierra de la Demanda
Sierra de la Demanda is a mountain sub-range situated in the northern Iberian Peninsula.

The Sierra de la Demanda area provides the habitat for Lissotriton helveticus punctillatus (Schmidtler 1970), a subspecies of the palmate newt.
Vidyapati
Vidyapati (c. 1352–1448), also known by the sobriquet Maithil Kavi Kokil (lit. 'the poet cuckoo of Maithili'), was a Maithili and Sanskrit polymath-poet-saint, playwright, composer, biographer, philosopher, law-theorist, writer, courtier and royal priest. He was a devotee of Shiva, but also wrote love songs and devotional Vaishnava songs. He had knowledge of, and composed works in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramsha and Maithili.

Vidyapati's influence was not just restricted to Maithili and Sanskrit literature but also extended to other Eastern Indian literary traditions.
During Vidyapati’s time, the Prakrit-derived late Abahattha language was transitioning into early forms of Eastern Indo-Aryan languages such as Maithili. Thus, Vidyapati's influence on making these languages has been described as "analogous to that of Dante in Italy and Chaucer in England".

Apabhraṃśa
Apabhraṃśa (Sanskrit: अपभ्रंश, IPA: [ɐpɐbʱrɐ̃ˈɕɐ], Prakrit: अवहंस Avahaṃsa) is a term used by vaiyākaraṇāḥ (native grammarians) since Patañjali to refer to languages spoken in Northern India before the rise of the modern languages. In Indology, it is used as an umbrella term for the dialects forming the transition between the late Middle and the early Modern Indo-Aryan languages, spanning the period between the 6th and 13th centuries CE. However, these dialects are conventionally included in the Middle Indo-Aryan period.: p.42  Apabhraṃśa in Sanskrit literally means "corrupt" or "non-grammatical language", that which deviates from the norm of Sanskrit grammar.

Apabhraṃśa literature is a valuable source for the history of Northern India for the period spanning the 12th to 16th centuries.
Harish Manwani
Harish Manwani (born 1953) is an Indian business executive who was the global chief operating officer of Unilever. He is a senior operating partner at Blackstone since 2015 and a director of Whirlpool, Qualcomm, Gilead Sciences and Tata Sons among others.

Whirlpool Corporation
Whirlpool Corporation is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of home appliances headquartered in Benton Charter Township, Michigan, United States. In 2023, the Fortune 500 company had an annual revenue of approximately $19 billion in sales, around 59,000 employees, and more than 55 manufacturing and technology research centers globally.

The company's flagship brand, Whirlpool, is marketed alongside a range of other brands including Maytag, KitchenAid, JennAir, Amana, Gladiator GarageWorks, Inglis, Estate, Brastemp, Bauknecht, InSinkErator, and Consul.

In its domestic U.S. market, Whirlpool has eleven manufacturing facilities which employs about 15,000 workers.
Tamaki Matsuoka
Tamaki Matsuoka (松岡 環, Matsuoka Tamaki; born 1947 in Osaka, Japan) is a Japanese activist who challenges Japanese perceptions of the country's war crimes in the Rape of Nanjing during Second Sino-Japanese War.

Being a primary school teacher in Matsubara, Osaka teaching history subject, Matsuoka felt she needed to tell the truth about Japanese war crimes to her students. She visited Nanjing, China several times to interview hundreds of Japanese veterans and Chinese survivors, and published books and films showing their memories after Japan captured Nanjing. Her works include the 2009 documentary Torn Memories of Nanjing.

Matsuoka is a member of the Japan-China Peace Research Organization which attends the memorial ceremony at the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall in Nanjing on August 15 every year to show the regrets of Japanese people for the war crimes.

Matsubara
Matsubara (松原市, Matsubara-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 117,811 in 57351 households and a population density of 7100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 16.66 square kilometres (6.43 sq mi).
Zhongsheng station
Zhongsheng station (simplified Chinese: 中胜站; traditional Chinese: 中勝站; pinyin: Zhōngshèng Zhàn) is a railway station on Line 10 of the Nanjing Metro. When it began operations on 3 September 2005, it was part of Nanjing Metro Line 1's Phase I from Maigaoqiao to Olympic Stadium. On 1 July 2014, with the opening of Line 10, the former branch of Line 1 from Andemen to Olympic Stadium became re-designated as Line 10. On 28 December 2023, with the opening of the southern part of Line 7, it became an interchange station between Line 7 and Line 10.

Nanjing Metro
The Nanjing Metro is a rapid transit system serving the urban and suburban districts of Nanjing, the capital city of Jiangsu Province in the People's Republic of China.

Proposals for a metro system serving Nanjing first began in 1984, with approval by the State Planning Commission granted in 1994. Construction began on the initial 16-station Line 1 in 1999, and opened in 2005. The system has 14 lines and 243 stations running on 571.49 km (355.11 mi) of track. It is operated and maintained by the Nanjing Metro Group Company. Future expansion plans include 30 lines set to open within the next few years, with several more awaiting approval to begin construction.
Engine House No. 6 (Wichita, Kansas)
The Engine House No. 6 in Wichita, Kansas, at 1300 S. Broadway, is a fire station which was built in 1909.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Engine House #6" in 1995.

It is a two-story concrete brick building, 26 by 51 feet (7.9 m × 15.5 m) in plan, with Tudor Revival-esque features.

It was operational until 1953 when a replacement was built.

The building was saved from demolition in 1993 by a community preservation alliance. The preservation alliance restored the building. The building then became the Kansas Firefighters Museum, and a year later in 1994 was placed on both the Kansas and National Registers of Historic Places.

Fire station
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.

In large U.S. cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the settlement, neighborhood or street where they are located, or given a number.
Caucasus Army (Russian Empire, 1914–1917)
The Russian Caucasus Army (Russian: Кавказскaя  армия) of World War I was the Russian field army that fought in the Caucasus Campaign and Persian Campaign of World War I. It was renowned for inflicting heavy casualties on the opposing forces of the Ottoman Empire, particularly at the Battle of Sarikamish. It was also known for its extremely diverse ethnic composition, consisting of units from throughout the Russian Empire and both soldiers and officers from the many ethnic communities settled since the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War in the militarily administered Kars Oblast in the Russian Transcaucasus. These included Georgians, Caucasus Greeks, and Armenians - the latter in particular strongly represented among both the soldiers and senior officers - as well as ethnic Russians and Ukrainians.

Russo-Turkish wars
The Russo-Turkish wars or the Russo-Ottoman wars began in 1568 and continued intermittently until 1918. They consisted of twelve conflicts in total, making them one of the longest series of wars in the history of Europe. All but four of these wars ended in losses for the Ottoman Empire, which was undergoing a period of stagnation and decline. Conversely, they showcased the ascendancy of the Russian Empire as a significant European power after Peter the Great oversaw extensive modernization efforts in the early 18th century. Ultimately, however, the end of the Russo-Turkish wars came about with the dissolution of the two belligerents' respective states as a consequence of World War I: the Russian Empire collapsed in 1917 and was ultimately succeeded by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922; while the Ottoman Empire was partitioned between 1918 and 1922 and succeeded by the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
KazMunaiGas Exploration Production
KazMunayGas Exploration Production JSC (KASE: RDGZ, LSE: KMG) is a KazMunayGas-majority-owned oil and gas company operating in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The company explores for hydrocarbons in Mangistau, Atyrau and Kyzylorda regions of Kazakhstan and is the second largest oil producer in the country based on 2006 annual production data. In line with principles of Kazakh government's strategy in the oil and gas sector, KazMunaiGas Exploration Production has chosen to pursue inorganic growth strategy taking advantage of certain preferential rights that it has secured from KazMunayGas. Recent acquisitions of stakes in KazGerMunai and CITIC Canada Energy Limited, mid-sized oil producers in Kazakhstan, helped its stock return around 111.7% by the end of 2007 from the date of the IPO and listings on London Stock Exchange and Kazakhstan Stock Exchange.

Atyrau
Atyrau (UK: /ˌætɪˈraʊ, -ˈrɔː/, US: /ˌɑːtɪˈraʊ, -ˈrɔː/; Kazakh: Атырау, pronounced [ɑtəˈrɑw] ⓘ; Russian: Атырау), known until 1991 as Guryev (Russian: Гурьев), is a city in Kazakhstan and the capital of Atyrau Region. Atyrau is a transcontinental city, at the mouth of the Ural River on the Caspian Sea, between Europe and Asia, 2,700 kilometres (1,700 miles) west of Almaty and 351 kilometres (218 miles) east of the Russian city of Astrakhan.

Atyrau is famous for its oil and gas industries. It has a population of 355,117 as of 2020. It is predominantly made up of Kazakhs, the minorities being Russians, Koreans, Tatars and Uzbeks.
Nemiroğlu, Tarsus
Nemiroğlu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 109 (2022). It is situated in Çukurova (Cilicia of the antiquity) to the east of Tarsus and to the south of the Turkish state highway D.400.
Its distance to Tarsus is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and its distance to Mersin is 40 kilometres (25 mi). Its main economic activity is agriculture with grapes being the village's major crop.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Smokowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Smokowo [smɔˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kartuzy County
Kartuzy County (Polish: powiat kartuski; Kashubian: kartësczi pòwiat) is a county in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with administrative seat and largest town being Kartuzy.

It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The only other town in the county is Żukowo. The county covers an area of 1,120.04 square kilometres (432.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 137,942, out of which the population of Kartuzy is 14,536, that of Żukowo is 6,691, and the rural population is 116,715.

Kartuzy County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship

Kartuzy County is bordered by Wejherowo County to the north, the city of Gdynia to the north-east, the city of Gdańsk and Gdańsk County to the east, Kościerzyna County to the south, Bytów County to the west, and Lębork County to the north-west.
Grenda (surname)
Grenda is a Polish surname. According to the Dictionary of American Family Names, it is a variant of the Polish surname Grzęda, meaning "perch", "roost", or "patch of land".

Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Grenda (1889–1977), Australian cyclist

Ivana Švarc-Grenda (born 1970), Croatian pianist

Jolanta Sobierańska-Grenda (born 1973), Polish politician

Michael Grenda (born 1962), Australian cyclist

Stephen Grenda (1910–1971), American football coach

Stephen Grenda
Stephen J. Grenda (May 23, 1910 – September 21, 1971) was an American college football head coach who was Delaware football program's eighteenth head coach. He led them to a 4–12 overall record in two seasons.
Giacomo Amato
Giacomo Amato (14 May 1643 in Palermo – 26 December 1732 in Palermo) was a Sicilian architect. He was a student of Carlo Fontana.

Member of the religious order of the Camillians and pupil of Paolo Amato and Carlo Rainaldi, he designed several scenographic Baroque churches in Palermo, like Santa Teresa alla Kalsa, Santa Maria della Pietà and San Mattia ai Crociferi; these are considered the masterpieces of Palermitan Baroque period. He also collaborated with Giacomo Serpotta in the designs of the Palermitan oratories of San Domenico and San Lorenzo.

Oratory of Rosario di San Domenico
The Oratory of the Rosary of Saint Dominic (Italian: Oratorio del Rosario di San Domenico) is a Baroque oratory of Palermo. It is located near the Church of Saint Dominic, in the quarter of the Loggia, within the historic centre of Palermo.

The oratory was founded in 1574. In the early 18th century Giacomo Serpotta realized a sumptuous stucco decoration. Moreover, the oratory is decorated with several paintings of important artists like Matthias Stom; Guglielmo Borremans; Geronimo Gerardi (a Nativity); Pietro Novelli; Valerio Castello; and Luca Giordano.

The most prominent painting is the main altarpiece by Anthony van Dyck, depicting the Madonna of the Rosary with the saints Dominic, Catherine of Siena, Vincent Ferrer, Olivia, Nympha, Agatha, Christina and Rosalia. The painting was commissioned to Van Dyck during the period of the 1624 plague.
Scream, Pretty Peggy
Scream, Pretty Peggy is a 1973 American made-for-television horror film directed by Gordon Hessler and starring Bette Davis, Ted Bessell, and Sian Barbara Allen. Its plot follows young college student Peggy Johns who is given a job by Jeffrey Thornton, a sculptor-housekeeper at a mysterious mansion where his sister Jennifer and their elderly mother reside. It was broadcast as the ABC Suspense Movie on November 24, 1973.

The film was shot on location at the old Noah Dietrich estate above the Sunset Strip in Hollywood.

Noah Dietrich
Noah Dietrich (February 28, 1889 – February 15, 1982) was an American businessman, who was the chief executive officer of the Howard Hughes business empire from 1925 to 1957. Although these dates have been recorded as the official period of employment, Noah Dietrich continued to oversee and make executive decisions for the Hughes industries as late as 1970. According to his own memoirs, he left the Hughes operation over a dispute involving putting more of his income on a capital gains basis. The manuscript of his eventual memoir, Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes, may have been a key, if inadvertent, source of novelist Clifford Irving's infamous fake autobiography of Hughes.
Sergei Sukhoruchenkov
Sergei Nikolaevich Sukhoruchenkov (Russian: Серге́й Николаевич Сухорученков, born 10 August 1956) is a former Soviet and Russian cyclist and Olympic Champion. He won the gold medal at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, in the road race.

He won the Peace Race twice, in both 1979 and 1984. Sukhoruchenkov won the 1990 edition of the Vuelta Ciclista de Chile.

His daughter Olga Zabelinskaya is also a cyclist and won two bronze medals in the 2012 Olympic Games, in both the road race and the individual time trial; as well as the silver medal in the individual time trial of the 2016 Olympic Games.

Vuelta Ciclista de Chile
The Vuelta Ciclista de Chile (Tour of Chile) is the main professional men's road cycling stage race in Chile, first held in 1976.

The race is contested over multiple stages across different regions of Chile. It has been considered the country’s premier cycling event, sometimes nicknamed the Multicolored Serpent for the colorful jerseys in the peloton.
Ikinai
Ikinai (生きない, Ikinai) (transl. (I am) not living/alive/(I) will not live) (also known as Suicide Bus) is a 1998 Japanese comedy drama film directed by debutant Hiroshi Shimizu and starring Dankan and Nanako Okouchi.

The film is about a group of bus passengers on a trip in Okinawa who want to commit suicide so that their families will receive their life insurances payouts despite their own financial issues.

The film won awards at the Locarno Film Festival and at the Busan International Film Festival.

Busan International Film Festival
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF; Korean: 부산국제영화제), formerly the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF), held annually in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. The first festival, held from 13 to 21 September 1996, was also the first international film festival in Korea.

The main focus of the BIFF is to introduce new films and first-time directors, especially those from Asian countries. Another notable feature is the appeal of the festival to young people, both in terms of the large youthful audience it attracts and through its efforts to develop and promote young talent.

In 1999, the Pusan Promotion Plan (renamed Asian Project Market in 2011) was established to connect new directors to funding sources. The 16th BIFF in 2011 saw the festival move to a new permanent home, the Busan Cinema Center in Centum City.
Piano Quartet No. 1 (Fauré)
Gabriel Fauré's Piano Quartet No. 1, in C minor, Op. 15, is one of the two chamber works he wrote for the conventional piano quartet combination of piano, violin, viola and cello. Despite being in a minor key it is predominantly positive in tone, though with some hints in the slow movement of the emotional turmoil of Fauré's life at the time of the composition. He later wrote a second work in the form.

Minor scale
A minor scale is a sequence of musical notes in which the third scale degree is a minor third above the tonic. The notes A–B–C–D–E–F–G form a prototypical minor scale.

There are three common types of minor scales: the natural minor scale, the melodic minor scale, and the harmonic minor scale. The Aeolian, Phrygian, and Dorian modes are also examples of minor scales.
Annexation of the Dominican Republic to Spain
The Annexation of the Dominican Republic to Spain (Spanish: Anexión de la República Dominicana a España) or Reintegration of Santo Domingo (Reintegración de Santo Domingo) was a four-year period between 1861 to 1865 during which the former Spanish possession of Santo Domingo in the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola, then the independent Dominican Republic, was occupied and annexed by the Spanish Empire, following the request of Dominican dictator Pedro Santana. The period coincided with the American Civil War, during which the United States was unable to enforce the Monroe Doctrine. After fighting an insurgency of two years in the Dominican Restoration War, Spain left the country in 1865. Several Dominicans who sided with Spain left for the Spanish possessions of Cuba and Puerto Rico and played a role in their later struggle for independence.

Carlos de Vargas
Carlos de Vargas y Cerveto (September 8, 1803 – October 10, 1876) was a Spanish soldier and Carlist leader. He later participated in various colonial campaigns, including serving as governor general of Santo Domingo (present-day Dominican Republic).
Elancourt Templiers
The Elancourt Templiers are a French American football team based in the city of Élancourt.

The team plays in Ligue Élite de Football Américain and in European Football League.

The club is training and plays its games at the Complexe Sportif Europe of Élancourt, the club also plays some matches, European Cup at Stade Guy-Boniface, as the final EFAF Cup in 2005.

European Football League
The European Football League (EFL) established in 1986, was a tournament for the best European American football teams affiliated to IFAF (International Federation of American Football - Europe), which replaced the European Federation of American Football (EFAF) in 2014.

Until 2013, the final game of the EFL was the Eurobowl, which has been held annually since 1986. In 2014, the EFL was replaced as Europe's top-tier club competition by the new BIG6 European Football League and the EFL Bowl was introduced as the new final game of the EFL. The 2018 EFL season was the last edition of the tournament.