hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Severn-Trent flyway
The Severn-Trent flyway is a migratory route, or flyway, used by birds crossing Great Britain from the Humber estuary to the Severn estuary or vice versa. It follows the Humber and its tributaries the rivers Trent and Tame, then the River Severn. The last of these is not connected to the other three, and so birds must cross the gap over the West Midlands conurbation, around Birmingham.

It is used by birds migrating locally, within Britain, and by those migrating to or from Northern and Southern Europe.

Among the birds known to use the flyway are sea ducks such as common scoter (Melanitta nigra), terns such as Arctic tern, and vagrants from North America such as lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), along with European Aythya species.

Lesser scaup
The lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) is a small North American diving duck that migrates south as far as Central America in winter. It is colloquially known as the little bluebill or broadbill because of its distinctive blue bill. The origin of the name scaup may stem from the bird's preference for feeding on scalp—the Scottish word for clams, oysters, and mussels; however, some credit it to the female's discordant scaup call as the name's source. It is apparently a very close relative of the Holarctic greater scaup or "bluebill" (A. marila), with which it forms a superspecies. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek and Latin, with aithuia being an Ancient Greek term for an unidentified seabird, used by Hesychius and Aristotle, among other authors, and affinis, Latin for "related to", from the lesser scaup's resemblance to the greater scaup.
Compañía Minera San Esteban Primera
Compañía Minera San Esteban Primera (San Esteban Primera Mining Company) is a Chilean mining company, dedicated to the production of copper and gold concentrates. San Esteban's headquarters are located in Providencia, Santiago Metropolitan Region.

San Esteban also owns the San José Mine in Copiapó, Chile, where 33 miners were trapped underground for 69 days after a mining accident on August 5, 2010.

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region (Spanish: Región Metropolitana de Santiago) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

With an area of 15,403.2 km2 (5,947 sq mi) and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region. It is also the most developed subdivision in all of South America with a very high HDI of 0.908.
Angalakuduru
Angalakuduru is an area of Tenali in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Tenali mandal of Tenali revenue division. It is a residential area that forms part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Guntur district
Guntur district is  in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, one of the major urban centres of the state. Historically significant, the region was part of ancient Buddhist and Satavahana-era settlements and later came under various South Indian dynasties before British rule. The district is known for its agricultural prominence—particularly chilli and cotton cultivation—as well as education and trade. It forms part of the larger Coastal Andhra region and contributes significantly to the state’s economy and cultural heritage.
Wasaya Airways
Wasaya Airways LP (or in Oji-Cree ᐙᐦᓭᔮ ᐱᒥᐦᓭᐎᐣ (Waaseyaa Bimisewin); unpointed: ᐗᓭᔭ ᐱᒥᓭᐎᐣ) is a First Nations-owned domestic airline with its headquarters in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Its main hubs are the Thunder Bay International Airport and the Sioux Lookout Airport; It also offers a charter and cargo service from a base in Red Lake Airport and Pickle Lake Airport. In 2003, Wasaya Airways bought the rights to serve remote First Nations communities from Bearskin Airlines. The airline also supplies food, clothing, hardware and other various supplies to 25 remote communities in Ontario.

Angling Lake/Wapekeka Airport
Angling Lake/Wapekeka Airport (IATA: YAX, TC LID: CKB6) is located 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) west of the First Nations settlement of Wapekeka, Ontario, Canada, to the east of Big Trout Lake and on the south shores of Weir Lake.

The airport is operated by the Government of Ontario, and consists of a gravel runway with published instrument approaches. A gravel road connects to nearby community of Angling Lake.
Leppneeme
Leppneeme is a village in Viimsi Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It is located about 14 km (9 mi) northeast of the centre of Tallinn, on the northeastern coast of the Viimsi peninsula by Muuga Bay. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 464.

Leppneeme harbour is the main point for traffic to and from the island of Prangli. The corresponding harbour on Prangli's side is in Kelnase.

Leppneeme was first mentioned in 1376 as Thusnes.

2011 Estonian census
The 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011) (Estonian: Rahva ja eluruumide loendus (REL 2011)) was a census that was carried out during 31 December 2011 – 31 March 2012 in Estonia by Statistics Estonia.

The total population recorded was 1,294,455 persons, compared to 1,370,052 persons counted in the 2000 Estonian census.
Beach soccer at the 2019 World Beach Games – Qualification (CONCACAF)
The CONCACAF qualifiers for the 2019 World Beach Games, known officially as the 2019 World Beach Games – Qualifier El Salvador, was a beach soccer tournament contested by North American national teams who are members of CONCACAF that took place to determine the nations from North, Central America and the Caribbean that qualified to the beach soccer competition at the inaugural edition of the ANOC World Beach Games.

The tournament consisted of two events: the men's qualifiers and the women's qualifiers, the former a knockout competition from which the top two teams qualified, and the latter a round robin contest from which the top two teams also qualified.

Organised by Beach Soccer Worldwide (BSWW), National Sports Institute of El Salvador (INDES) and Salvadoran Football Federation (FESFUT), the competition took place in San Salvador, El Salvador from 3–5 August 2019.

Mexico claimed the crown in both the men's and women's events.

2019 World Beach Games
The 2019 World Beach Games, (Arabic: 2019 ألعاب شاطئ العالم) officially known as the ANOC World Beach Games Qatar 2019 and commonly known as Qatar 2019, was the inaugural edition of the international beach and water multi-sport event organized by the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC). It was held for five days from 11 to 16 October 2019, in Doha, Qatar, with 110 medals contested across 14 disciplines.

It had originally been scheduled to be hosted in San Diego, United States in 2017. However, after first being postponed to 2019, the Games were then relocated as the city had not generated sufficient private funds needed to stage the event. In June 2019, Doha was announced as the last-minute replacement host city.

Spain were the best performing nation, claiming seven gold medals ahead of Brazil's five; hosts Qatar finished with one medal (silver). ANOC declared the event a success; a survey of the participating NOCs rated the Games an average of 8.65 out of 10.
Canton of Saint-Mihiel
The canton of Saint-Mihiel is an administrative division of the Meuse department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Mihiel.

It consists of the following communes:

Meuse (department)
Meuse (French pronunciation: [møz] ⓘ) is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse. Meuse is part of the current region of Grand Est and is landlocked and borders by the French departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne, Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle, and Belgium to the north. Parts of Meuse belong to Parc naturel régional de Lorraine. It had a population of 184,083 in 2019. Front lines in trench warfare during World War I ran varying courses through the department and it hosted an important battle/offensive in 1916 in and around Verdun.
2021 St. Petersburg, Florida, mayoral election
The 2021 St. Petersburg, Florida, mayoral election was held on August 24, 2021, with a runoff on November 2 because no candidate received more than 50% of the vote in the first round. It elected the mayor of St. Petersburg, Florida. Incumbent Democratic mayor Rick Kriseman was term-limited and could not seek a third term in office. Municipal elections in St. Petersburg are officially nonpartisan. Former Pinellas County commissioner Ken Welch easily defeated city councilor Robert Blackmon in the runoff. Candidates eliminated in the first round included city councilor Darden Rice, former state representative Wengay Newton, and restaurateur Pete Boland. Welch took office in January 2022, becoming the first black mayor of St. Petersburg.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Wilfred Plummer
Wilfred Plummer (born 17 November 1957) is a Jamaican cricketer. He played in one first-class match for the Jamaican cricket team in 1978/79. Plummer was also the coach of the Canadian team at the 2010 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

Jamaica national cricket team
The Jamaica national cricket team is the representative cricket team of Jamaica. The team competes under the franchise name, Jamaica Scorpions in the Cricket West Indies' Professional Cricket League which comprises both the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50.  Jamaica has won a sum of 12 regional first class and 9 regional one day titles. Hence the Scorpions have won the second most first class and 50 over championships in the history of West Indies cricket.

The most prominent Jamaican cricketers include George Headley, Allan Rae, Alf Valentine, Collie Smith, Lawrence Rowe, Michael Holding, Jeff Dujon, Courtney Walsh, Patrick Patterson, Jimmy Adams, Chris Gayle, Marlon Samuels, Jerome Taylor, Nikita Miller and Gareth Breese.
Blazed grating
A blazed grating – also called echelette grating (from French échelle = ladder) – is a special type of diffraction grating. It is optimized to achieve maximum light efficiency in a given diffraction order. For this purpose, maximum optical power is concentrated in the desired diffraction order while the residual power in the other orders (particularly the zeroth) is minimized. Since this condition can only exactly be achieved for one wavelength, it is specified for which blaze wavelength the grating is optimized (or blazed). The direction in which maximum efficiency is achieved is called the blaze angle and is the third crucial characteristic of a blazed grating directly depending on blaze wavelength and diffraction order.

Diffraction efficiency
In optics, diffraction efficiency is the performance of diffractive optical elements – especially diffraction gratings – in terms of power throughput. It's a measure of how much optical power is diffracted into a designated direction compared to the power incident onto the diffractive element of grating.

If the diffracted power is designated with P and the incident power with P0, the efficiency η reads
Sharovisaurus
Sharovisaurus is an extinct genus of scincomorph lizard from the Late Jurassic of Kazakhstan. It belongs to an extinct family of Mesozoic lizards called Paramacellodidae, which existed across most of Laurasia during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The type and only species is Sharovisaurus karatauensis, named in 1984 on the basis of a nearly complete articulated skeleton from the Oxfordian-aged Karabastau Formation.

Karabastau Formation
The Karabastau Formation (Kazakh: Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that has been studied since the early 20th century, alongside the rarer remains of vertebrates, including pterosaurs, salamanders, lizards and crocodiles.
Balderhead Reservoir
Balderhead Reservoir is a reservoir in Baldersdale, County Durham, England. It is one of a chain of three reservoirs on the River Balder, a tributary of the River Tees, which it joins at Cotherstone, about 5 miles (8 km) to the east. Balderhead Reservoir was commissioned by the Tees Valley and Cleveland Water Board (TVCWB) to increase water supply to Teesdale and Teesside.

Cotherstone
Cotherstone is a village and civil parish in the district and county of Durham, England. Its historic county is Yorkshire, being just south of the River Tees. Cotherstone cheese is a celebrated delicacy of the village, famed since at least 1858.

It was formerly governed under the historic county's North Riding and was transferred to County Durham's governance in 1974 as it was near Barnard Castle, the former Teesdale district's administrative centre until 2009. The village is between Barnard Castle and Middleton, there was a railway station for the village on the now-closed Middleton-in-Teesdale Branch Line which ran between the two towns. The railway line crossed the River Balder at the Balder Viaduct just north of Cotherstone.
Trnovska Vas
Trnovska Vas (pronounced [ˈtəɾnɔu̯ska ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Trnovska vas) is a settlement in the Municipality of Trnovska Vas in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the municipality. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The settlement lies on the regional road from Ptuj to Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah in the Pesnica Valley.

The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Wolfgang and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It dates to the 18th century.

Pesnica (river)
The Pesnica (pronounced [ˈpéːsnitsa]; German: Pößnitz) is a river in Styria, southeastern Austria and in Styria, northeastern Slovenia.

It is 69 km (43 mi) long, of which 65 km (40 mi) is in Slovenia. Its catchment area is about 550 km2 (210 sq mi), of which 539 km2 (208 sq mi) is in Slovenia. Its source is near Glanz an der Weinstraße, near the Austrian-Slovenian border. It passes Zgornja Kungota, Pesnica, Pernica, the castle at Hrastovec v Slovenskih Goricah, Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah, the monastery of Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Dornava, and Velika Nedelja, and then merges with the Drava near Ormož, on the border with Croatia.
Allan Albert
Allan Praigrod Albert (June 29, 1945, New York City - June 10, 1994, New York City) was a director, producer, and playwright. He attended Amherst College and the Yale School of Drama. He has served as artistic director at the Charles Playhouse in Boston and the Berkshire Theatre Festival in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. In 1972 he started Allan Albert Productions. He also created the National Educational Television series How Can I Tell You?.

Albert died from lymphoma on June 10, 1994, in New York City.

Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Stockbridge is a town in Berkshire County in Western Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,018 at the 2020 census. A year-round resort area, Stockbridge is home to the Norman Rockwell Museum, Naumkeag, a public garden and historic house, the Austen Riggs Center (a psychiatric treatment center), and Chesterwood, home and studio of sculptor Daniel Chester French.
Graham Shiel
Graham Shiel (born 13 August 1970 in Galashiels, Scotland ) is a former skills coach of the Scotland rugby 7's team. He is now retired from playing rugby, having made 18 appearances for the Scotland national rugby union team and once for the national sevens team.

Shiel is currently the Head coach of amateur side Boroughmuir RFC, he's was previously the head coach of the Super Series (Scottish rugby union competition) semi-professional team Boroughmuir Bears but as the Series came to an end and discontinued in mid 2024 he is now the Head Coach of the club itself at National 1 level.

Galashiels
Galashiels, (/ˌɡæləˈʃiːlz/; Scots: Gallae; Scottish Gaelic: An Geal Àth) colloquially known as Gala, is a town in the Scottish Borders with a population of around 10,060. The town is a major commercial centre for the Borders region with extensive history in the textile industry. Galashiels is the location of Heriot-Watt University's School of Textiles and Design.
Natàlia Cerezo
Natàlia Cerezo (born 1985, Castellar del Vallés) is a Catalan writer. She studied at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, graduating with a degree in Translation and Interpretation. She works as a proofreader and translator.

She published her debut work in 2018, a collection of 15 stories titled A les ciutats amagades (2018), which was translated that same year into Spanish under the title En las ciudades escondidas.

In 2018, she won the El Ojo Crítico Award from RNE for narrative excellence. The following year, she was named as one of the best young writers in Spain by the 10 de 30 project under the aegis of AECID.

Radio Nacional de España
Radio Nacional de España (acronym RNE, branded rne, lit. transl. "National Radio of Spain") is the national state-owned public service radio broadcaster in Spain.

RNE is the radio division and Televisión Española (TVE) is the television division of Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the public corporation which has the overall responsibility for the national broadcasting public services under a Parliament-appointed president who, in addition to being answerable to a board of directors, reports to an all-party committee of the national parliament, as provided for in the Public Radio and Television Law of 2006.

RNE launched its first station on 19 January 1937. It is currently headquartered at Casa de la Radio at Prado del Rey in Pozuelo de Alarcón.
Embassy of France, Copenhagen
The French Embassy in Copenhagen is the main diplomatic mission of France to the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located in the Thott Palace at Kongens Nytorv 4 in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The ambassador since June 15, 2022 is Christophe Parisot, in replacement of Caroline Ferrari.

Indre By
55°41′N 12°35′E﻿ / ﻿55.68°N 12.58°E﻿ / 55.68; 12.58

Indre By (English: lit. 'Inner City'), also known as Copenhagen Center or K or Downtown Copenhagen, is an administrative district (bydel) in central Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. It covers an area of 4.65 square kilometres (1.80 sq mi), has a population of 26,223, and a population density of 5,638 per km2.

Neighboring city districts are as follows:

to the east and south east is Christianshavn, separated from the Inner City by the Inner Harbour (Inderhavnen) and Copenhagen Harbour (Københavns Havn)

to the north is Indre Østerbro

to the west is Indre Nørrebro and Frederiksberg municipality, which is not a part of Copenhagen municipality but rather an enclave surrounded by the municipality, with both being separated from the Indre By along the "lakes" (Skt. Jørgens Lake, Peblinge Lake, and Sortedams Lake)

to the southwest is Vesterbro

to the south is Vestamager, separated from the Inner City by the South Harbour (Sydhavnen)
Nuclear shadowing
Nuclear shadowing is an effect seen in high-energy physics where the internal structure of a nucleus appears suppressed -that is in classical terms, less dense- compared to what one would expect from simply adding up the contributions of individual, free nucleons (protons and neutrons). In technical terms, the cross sections of nucleons imbedded in a nucleus appears smaller compared to that of free nucleons. This happens because the particle used to probe the nucleus —usually a photon or gluon— can briefly transform into other particles that live long enough to interact coherently with several nucleons at once. These interactions destructively interfere with each other in a way that cancels out part of the effect, leading to a reduction in the measured cross section.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
Sewell, New Jersey
Sewell (/ˈsuːl/ SOOL) is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community within Mantua Township, Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, within the Philadelphia metropolitan area. There are also areas around Sewell in Washington Township.

As of the 2020 United States census, the CDP's population was 3,346. The CDP was named after United States Senator William Joyce Sewell. The community is served as U.S. Postal Service ZIP Code 08080. Sewell is home to Rowan College of South Jersey.

Sewell is also the site of the Inversand marl pit, the last operational greensand mine in the world. The location has become renowned for its paleontology and is similar to many of the sites studied by early paleontologists, particularly Edward Drinker Cope. It is also home to the Barnsboro Inn, the oldest bar in New Jersey.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Ovide Le Blanc
Ovide Le Blanc (1801–1870) was a notary and political figure in Quebec. He represented Beauharnois in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1851 to 1854.

He was born in Champlain, Quebec, the son of Étienne Le Blanc and Josette Richerville, and grew up in Trois-Rivières. Le Blanc apprenticed as a notary at Quebec City and received his commission to practice in 1822. He practised in Trois-Rivières, Beauharnois, Montreal and Portage-du-Fort. He served as lieutenant in the militia. Le Blanc was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the legislative assembly in 1844. He was unsuccessful when he ran for reelection in 1854. Le Blanc served as a member of the commission to reimburse people who had suffered losses during the Lower Canada Rebellion. In 1845, he married Sophie Lindsay, the daughter of William Lindsay. Le Blanc probably died at Portage-du-Fort.

Beauharnois, Quebec
Beauharnois  (/boʊˈhɑːrnwɑː/; French pronunciation: [boaʁnwa]) is a city located in the Beauharnois-Salaberry Regional County Municipality of southwestern Quebec, Canada, and is part of the Greater Montreal Area. The city's population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 13,638. It is home to the Beauharnois Hydroelectric Power Station, as well as the Beauharnois Lock of the Saint Lawrence Seaway.