hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
B1 (file format)
B1 is an  open archive file format that supports data compression and archiving. B1 files use the file extension ".b1" or ".B1" and the MIME media type application/x-b1. B1 incorporates the LZMA compression algorithm.
B1 archive combines a number of files and folders into one or more volumes, optionally adding compression and encryption. Construction of the B1 archive involves creating a binary stream of records and building volumes of that stream. The B1 archive format supports password-based  AES-256 encryption.
B1 files are created and opened with its native open-source B1 Pack Tool, as well as B1 Free Archiver utility.

Filename extension
A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe) that indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically delimited from the rest of the filename with a full stop (period), but in some systems it is separated with spaces.

Some file systems, such as the FAT file system used in DOS, implement filename extensions as a feature of the file system itself and may limit the length and format of the extension, while others, such as Unix file systems, the VFAT file system, and NTFS, treat filename extensions as part of the filename without special distinction.
Combined English Universities
Combined English Universities was a university constituency represented in the United Kingdom Parliament (from 1918 until 1950). It was formed by enfranchising and combining all the English universities, except for Cambridge, Oxford and London which were already separately represented. The constituency effectively represented the red brick universities and Durham University with two members of parliament.

F. W. S. Craig
Frederick Walter Scott Craig (10 December 1929 – 23 March 1989) was a Scottish psephologist and compiler of the standard reference books covering United Kingdom Parliamentary election results. He originally worked in public relations, compiling election results in his spare time which were published by the Scottish Unionist Party. In the late 1960s he launched his own business as a publisher of reference books, and also compiled various other statistics concerning British politics.

Craig also had a political career of his own, initially as an election agent and then as a candidate. Efforts to get elected in his native Glasgow being unsuccessful, after he moved to Chichester in 1970 he was first elected to the District Council and later to West Sussex County Council. However he fell out with a faction in the local Conservative Party and launched a rebel group which led to his expulsion. Late in his life he suffered severe depression and he committed suicide at the age of 59.
Phillip Kennedy Johnson
Phillip Kennedy Johnson is an American Eisner-nominated comic book writer. He is best known for his work on Superman/Action Comics, Batman and Robin, The Incredible Hulk, Alien, and 007; his comics work has been published by DC, Marvel, BOOM! Studios, Dynamite, Archaia, IDW, Aftershock, and Scout Comics.

Outside of his writing career, Johnson is an Army veteran and musician in the Washington, DC area. He was a trumpet player with The U.S. Army Field Band of Washington, DC and the Glenn Miller Orchestra, and has also performed with the Moscow Ballet, Dallas Opera, Washington Symphonic Brass, and Benny Goodman Orchestra.

Phillip Kennedy Johnson, along with Nic Klein, celebrated 800 issues of 'Hulk' in 'Incredible Hulk #19' in November 2024.

James Bond (comics)
James Bond's success after the start of the film franchise in 1962 spawned a number of comic books around the world. Initially, these were adaptations of various movies. In the late 1980s and continuing through to the mid-1990s, however, a series of original stories were also published. After a hiatus in 1996, the Bond comic book publishing license was picked up again and made a revival debut in 2015. The comics were published by various past and present companies, including DC Comics, Marvel, Eclipse Comics, Dark Horse and Dynamite Entertainment.
Sipandi Samarkandi
Mulla Abdulkarim Sipandi Samarkandi (Persian: سپندی سمرقندی; 1829–1909) was a Tajik bilingual poet. He lived in Samarkand, in current-day Uzbekistan. His work consists of ghazal, qit'a, mukhammas, and ruba'i, which were written in the Tajik language. Samarkandi also wrote Hajvi kali Ibrahim.

Samarkandi was the grandfather of poet Shavkat Akhadovich Vakhidov.

Ruba'i
A rubāʿī (Classical Persian: رباعی, romanized: robāʿī, from Arabic رباعيّ, rubāʿiyy, 'consisting of four, quadripartite, fourfold'; plural: رباعيّات, rubāʿiyyāt) or chahārgāna(e) (Classical Persian: چهارگانه) is a poem or a verse of a poem in Persian poetry (or its derivative in English and other languages) in the form of a quatrain, consisting of four lines (four hemistichs).

In classical Persian poetry, the ruba'i is written as a four-line (or two-couplet / two-distich) poem, with a rhyme-scheme  or .

This is an example of a ruba'i from Rumi's Divan-e Shams:

Anwār-i Ṣalāḥ-i Dīn bar angēkhta bād

Dar dīda (w)u jān-i ʿāshiqān rēkhta bād

Har jān ki laṭīf gasht u az luṭf guzasht

Bā khāk-i Ṣalāḥ-i Dīn dar-āmēkhta bād

May the splendors of Salahuddin be roused,

And poured into the eyes and souls of the lovers.

May every soul that has become refined and has surpassed refinement

Be mingled with the dust of Salahuddin!
Turkey and the United Nations
The Republic of Türkiye is one of the 51 founding members of the United Nations when it signed the United Nations Conference on International Organization in 1945.

Turkey has been a non permanent member of the UN Security Council for 4 terms (a total of 7 years), with the most recent being the 2009–10 term.

Turkey is a charter member of the United Nations and participates in all of its specialised agencies and organizations. Turkey has contributed troops to United Nations peacekeeping efforts around the world, recently in the South Sudan conflict.

United Nations Conference on International Organization
The United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO), commonly known as the San Francisco Conference, was a convention of delegates from 50 Allied nations that took place towards the end of World War II, from 25 April to 26 June 1945 in San Francisco, California, United States. At this convention, the delegates reviewed and rewrote the Dumbarton Oaks agreements of the previous year. The convention resulted in the creation of the United Nations Charter, which was opened for signature on 26 June, the last day of the conference. The conference was held at various locations, primarily the War Memorial Opera House, with the Charter being signed on 26 June at the Herbst Theatre in the Veterans Building, part of the Civic Center. A square adjacent to the Civic Center, called "UN Plaza", commemorates the conference.
Oskison (crater)
The crater Oskison is located in the far northern hemisphere of Mercury, in the plains north of Caloris basin. Oskison is a distinctive crater with a large central peak that exposes material excavated from depth. Many chains of secondary craters are visible radiating from Oskison outward onto the surrounding smooth plains, known as Stilbon Planitia.

Oskison was named after Cherokee author John Milton Oskison in 2008.

The crater Navoi is to the east of Oskison.

Oskison crater

Smaller crater on the west rim of Oskison

Exaggerated color view of Oskison crater, looking northwest

Secondary crater
Secondary craters are impact craters formed by the ejecta that was thrown out of a larger crater. They sometimes form radial crater chains. In addition, secondary craters are often seen as clusters or rays surrounding primary craters. The study of secondary craters exploded around the mid-twentieth century when researchers studying surface craters to predict the age of planetary bodies realized that secondary craters contaminated the crater statistics of a body's crater count.
Istind Peak
Istind Peak (72°6′S 2°23′W﻿ / ﻿72.100°S 2.383°W﻿ / -72.100; -2.383) is a partly ice-covered peak 1.5 km (1 mi) south of Tindeklypa, on the east side of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–1952), led by John Schjelderup Giæver, and from air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named "Istind" (ice peak).

An unsuccessful attempt to climb the mountain was made by Duncan Cromarty and Karel Koster in November 1999. Both climbers were members of the SANAE 38 overwintering team.

German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)
The German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–1939 was led by Kriegsmarine captain Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963) and was the third official Antarctic expedition of the German Reich, by order of the "Commissioner for the Four Year Plan" Hermann Göring. Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat was mandated with planning and preparation.

The expedition's main objective was of economic nature, in particular the establishment of a whaling station and the acquisition of fishing grounds for a German whaling fleet in order to reduce the Reich's dependence on the import of industrial oils, fats and dietary fats. Preparations took place under strict secrecy as the enterprise was also tasked to make a feasibility assessment for a future occupation of Antarctic territory in the region between 20 ° West and 20 ° East.
Penem
A penem is a type of β-lactam with an unsaturated five-member heterocycle containing a sulfur atom in a pentacyclic ring fused to the β-lactam ring. Penems do not occur naturally; all are synthetic. Related to penems are carbapenems, which have a carbon atom in place of the sulfur atom.

An example is faropenem.

Degree of unsaturation
In the analysis of the molecular formula of organic molecules, the degree of unsaturation (DU) (also known as the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), double bond equivalents (DBE), or unsaturation index) is a calculation that determines the total number of rings and π bonds. A formula is used in organic chemistry to help draw chemical structures. It does not give any information about those components individually—the specific number of rings, or of double bonds (one π bond each), or of triple bonds (two π bonds each). The final structure is verified with use of NMR, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy, as well as qualitative inspection. It is based on comparing the actual molecular formula to what would be a possible formula if the structure were saturated—having no rings and containing only σ bonds—with all atoms having their standard valence.
1964 Wimbledon Championships
The 1964 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 22 June until Saturday 4 July 1964. It was the 78th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1964. Roy Emerson and Maria Bueno won the singles titles.

Fred Stolle
Frederick Sydney Stolle, AO (8 October 1938 – 5 March 2025) was an Australian amateur world No. 1 tennis player and commentator. He was born in Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia. He was the father of former Australian Davis Cup player Sandon Stolle.
Jane Tattersall
Jane Tattersall is a Canadian sound editor, most noted as a six-time Genie Award and Canadian Screen Award winner for Best Sound Editing.

Born in England, Tattersall moved with her family to Canada in childhood, and was educated at Queen's University. She worked as a researcher for TVOntario documentaries before apprenticing as a sound editor, and formed her own company, Tattersall Sound, in 1992. In 2000 the company merged with Casablanca Sound & Picture, a division of Alliance Atlantis, to form Tattersall Casablanca. She left her position as president of TC in 2003, returning to freelance sound editing work.

Her first Genie win was for Naked Lunch, a film for which she notably had to stick her hand into a jar of cockroaches to achieve the desired hissing sound.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
Philadelphia Gold and Silver Index
The Philadelphia Gold and Silver Index is an index of thirty precious metal mining companies that is traded on the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. The index is represented by the symbol "XAU", which may be a source of some confusion as this symbol is also used under the ISO 4217 currency standard to denote one troy ounce of gold. The Philadelphia Gold and Silver Index and the NYSE Arca Gold BUGS Index are the two most watched gold indices on the market.

Troy weight
Troy weight is a system of units of mass whose origin is uncertain. By far the most common troy unit is the troy ounce (oz t), the standard mass unit for precious metals in industry and in trade; it equals 31.1034768 grams. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the avoirdupois and apothecaries' systems, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound.
Shamli Assembly constituency
Shamli Assembly constituency is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Shamli district (prior to 2012, Shamli was a part of Muzaffarnagar district) and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Kairana Lok Sabha constituency. First assembly election in this assembly constituency was conducted in 2012 after the constituency came into existence in the year 2008 as a result of the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008".
It is a highly Jat dominated constituency with influence of sugarcane farmers.

Muzaffarnagar district
Muzaffarnagar district (Hindi pronunciation: [mʊzəfːəɾ.nəgəɾ], also [mʊd͡ʒəp.pʰəɾ.nəgəɾ]) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India.  It is part of Saharanpur division. The city of Muzaffarnagar is the district headquarters. This district is the part of National Capital Region. Muzaffarnagar district is located north western Uttar Pradesh.
Ben (song)
"Ben" (often referred to as "Ben's Song") is a song written by Don Black and Walter Scharf for the 1972 film of the same name (a spin-off to the 1971 killer rat film Willard). It was performed by Lee Montgomery in the film and by Michael Jackson over the closing credits. Jackson's single, recorded for the Motown label in 1972, spent one week at the top of the Billboard Hot 100, making it Jackson's first number one single in the US as a solo artist. Billboard ranked it as the number 20 song for 1972. It also reached number 1 on the ARIA Charts, spending eight weeks at the top spot. The song also later reached a peak of number 7 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2004, the song appeared in The Ultimate Collection.

"Ben" won a Golden Globe for Best Song. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1973, losing to "The Morning After" by Maureen McGovern from The Poseidon Adventure.

Willard (1971 film)
Willard is a 1971 American horror film directed by Daniel Mann and written by Gilbert Ralston, based on Stephen Gilbert's novel Ratman's Notebooks. Bruce Davison stars as social misfit Willard Stiles, who is squeezed out of the company started by his deceased father. His only friends are a few rats raised at home, including Ben and Socrates, and their increasing number of friends. When Socrates is killed by Willard's boss, he goes on a rampage using his rats to attack.

Willard was released on February 26, 1971, by Cinerama Releasing Corporation, opening to mixed reviews, but it was successful at the box office, making it the 11th-highest-grossing release of the year. It was also nominated for an Edgar Award for Best Picture.

The film was followed by a 1972 sequel Ben, and a 2003 remake, also titled Willard, with Crispin Glover portraying  Willard, and Davison making a cameo as Willard's father.
Vivafm 953
Viva FM is a radio station broadcasting on 95.3 MHz serving Ptolemaida, Kozani, Western Macedonia. The station is a mixture of dance and Top 40, much of the hits are Τop 40. The station launched broadcasting on 8 March 1999. The main audience covers the age groups 15-45 financially independent with high educational level who reside in urban centres. His music program is determined by the current trends, in the international music scene, while promoting and radio hits that will make a difference in the future.

Ptolemaida
Ptolemaida (Greek: Πτολεμαΐδα, romanized: Ptolemaïda, Katharevousa: Πτολεμαΐς, Ptolemaïs) is a town and a former municipality in the Kozani regional unit of Western Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality of Eordaia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It is known for its coal (lignite) mines and its power stations.
Jim Baker (politician)
Jim Baker is a Canadian politician from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

Baker represented the district of Labrador West in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. Baker was first elected in a 2007 by-election, and was re-elected later that year in the provincial election. Baker did not run for re-election in the 2011 provincial election.

Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a provincial political party in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The party was founded in 1949 and has formed the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador since the 2025 general election, with leader Tony Wakeham as premier.
Hunewill Peak
Hunewill Peak is a mountain with a summit elevation of 11,713 feet (3,570 m) located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Mono County of northern California, United States. The summit is set in Hoover Wilderness on land managed by Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest. The peak is situated approximately four miles west of Twin Lakes, 1.3 mile southwest of Victoria Peak, and 2.4 miles southwest of line parent Eagle Peak. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into tributaries of Robinson and Buckeye Creeks, which are within the Walker River drainage basin. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises over 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) above Robinson Creek in approximately one mile (1.6 km).

Walker River
The Walker River is a river in west-central Nevada in the United States, approximately 62 miles (100 km) long. Fed principally by snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada of California, it drains an arid portion of the Great Basin southeast of Reno and flows into the endorheic basin of Walker Lake. The river is an important source of water for irrigation in its course through Nevada; water diversions have reduced its flow such that the level of Walker Lake has fallen 160 feet (49 m) between 1882 and 2010. The river was named for explorer Joseph Reddeford Walker, a mountain man and experienced scout who is known for establishing a segment of the California Trail.
2020 Internazionali di Tennis Emilia Romagna – Doubles
Laurynas Grigelis and Andrea Pellegrino were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Marcelo Arévalo and Tomislav Brkić won the title after defeating Ariel Behar and Gonzalo Escobar 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Gonzalo Escobar
Gonzalo Escobar (Latin American Spanish: [ɡonˈsalo eskoˈβaɾ]; born 20 January 1989, in Manta) is an Ecuadorian tennis player. His career-high doubles ranking is World No. 38, achieved on 15 November 2021. He has won three ATP doubles titles with Uruguayan Ariel Behar and three with Kazakhstani Aleksandr Nedovyesov. Escobar also has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 281 achieved on 15 June 2015.

Playing for Ecuador in Davis Cup, Escobar has a W/L record of 8–9.
Ioan Tegid
John Jones (10 February 1792 – 2 May 1852), commonly known by his bardic name of Ioan Tegid or simply Tegid, was a Welsh clergyman and writer.

He was born at Bala and educated there and at the grammar school in Carmarthen, going on to Jesus College, Oxford.  In 1819 he was ordained and became chaplain of Christ Church, Oxford.  A scholar of the Welsh language, he was closely associated with both Lady Charlotte Guest and Lady Llanover.  He was also a Hebrew scholar, publishing a translation of the Book of Isaiah in 1830. Tegid won a cup at the Cardiff Eisteddfod of 1834. In 1842 he moved to Nevern in Pembrokeshire and in 1848 became a canon at St Davids Cathedral. His poetry was published posthumously, in collected form, with a very short biography, by his sister's son the Rev. Henry Roberts, in 1859.

Nevern
Nevern (Welsh: Nanhyfer) is both a parish and a community in Pembrokeshire, Wales. The community includes the settlements of Felindre Farchog, Monington, Moylgrove and Bayvil. The small village lies in the Nevern valley near the Preseli Hills of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park 2 miles (3 km) east of Newport on the B4582 road.
Eglin (surname)
Eglin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Colin Eglin (1925–2013), South African politician

Fredrick I. Eglin (1891–1937), career officer in the United States Army Air Service and United States Army Air Corps

Manfred Eglin (1935–2001), German footballer

Colin Eglin
Colin Wells Eglin (14 April 1925 – 29 November 2013) was a South African politician best known for having served as national leader of the opposition from 1977–79 and 1986–87. He represented Sea Point in the South African Parliament from 1958–61 and from 1974–2004. Described by Nelson Mandela as "one of the architects of [South Africa's] democracy", Eglin played a leading role in the drafting of the country's post-apartheid constitution.
Românii au talent season 4
The fourth season of Românii au talent aired on ProTV from 14 February 2014 to 16 May 2014. ProTV announced that all of the cast from the last season would return, that being Smiley and Pavel Bartoș as presenters of the show, and Andra, Mihai Petre and Andi Moisescu making up the judging panel.

Pavel Bartoș
Pavel Bartoș (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈpavel ˈbartoʃ]; born 20 January 1975 Miercurea Ciuc, Romania) is a Romanian actor and television presenter, best known for hosting Românii au talent (Romanian's Got Talent) and The Voice of Romania.

He was also chosen by Disney Pixar to provide the Romanian voice of Randall in Monsters, Inc. and Monsters University. He has also had other voice acting roles in the Romanian dubs of:

Megamind - Megamind

Sing - Eddie

Secret Life of Pets - Duke
Firebrace
Firebrace is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aylmer Firebrace (1886–1972), British Royal Navy officer and fire chief

Firebrace baronets

Sir Henry Firebrace (c. 1619–1691), courtier to Charles I, Clerk of the Green Cloth to Charles II

Isaiah Firebrace (born 1999), Australian singer

Roy C. Firebrace (1889–1974), British army officer

Roy C. Firebrace
Brigadier Roy Charles Whitworth George Firebrace (16 August 1889 – 10 November 1974) was a British Army officer, who served as head of the British Military Mission in Moscow during the Second World War. He was also a sidereal astrologer, founder and editor of the journal Spica, and a co-founder of the Astrological Association of Great Britain.