hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NSPC
NSPC is an abbreviation that can refer to:

National School of Public Policy in Pakistan

National Schools Press Conference in the Philippines

National-Socialist Party of Canada in Canada

Provincial Court of Nova Scotia

Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells

Terry Tremaine
Terrence Cecil Tremaine (born July 20, 1948 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is the founder and national director of the National-Socialist Party of Canada. He is a white nationalist organizer who has posted on white nationalist web forums such as Stormfront and other websites using the screen name "mathdoktor99", and on other websites as "JCMateri".
Roberto Vargas (poet)
Roberto Vargas (born February 24, 1941) is a Nicaraguan poet and political activist. He was born in Managua, Nicaragua and raised in the Mission District, San Francisco, where he became a prominent political activist. From 1974 through 1979, he taught Creative Writing at San Francisco State University.

He is best known for his work in the San Francisco Mission district during the Nicaraguan Revolution and bilingual poetry.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
Sławęcin, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Sławęcin [swaˈvɛnt͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Throughout history the village formed part of Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, Austria, Prussia and Germany. Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II, the village became again part of Poland. In 1975–1998, Sławęcin formed part of the Wałbrzych Voivodeship of Poland.

Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie, [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ dɔlnɔˈɕlɔ̃skjɛ] ⓘ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq mi) and as of 2019 has a total population of 2,899,986.

It is one of the wealthiest provinces in Poland, as natural resources such as copper, brown coal and rock materials are widely present.

Its capital and largest city is Wrocław, situated on the Oder River. The voivodeship is host to several spa towns, many castles and palaces, and the Giant Mountains, with several ski resorts. For this reason, tourism is a large part of this region's economy.
Bob Valentine (footballer)
Robert Valentine (21 December 1877 – 16 January 1926) was an English rugby league and footballer. In association football, his regular position was as a goalkeeper, and he made ten first team appearances for Manchester United (1903–1908). He also played rugby league for Swinton.

Valentine was born in 1877 in Pendleton, Salford, Lancashire, the youngest son of Robert Valentine, who was in the Navy, and Ann Wallwork Valentine. His elder brother was Swinton legend Jim Valentine (1866–1904). Their father died in 1884 when Robert was 6 years old, and he later moved in with his brother in Irlams o' th' Height.

Valentine died at the original Salford Royal Hospital on Chapel Street/Adelphi Street, Salford in 1926 aged 48. At the time of his death from a long and painful illness he kept a public house in Eccles. He was married, but had no children.

Salford Royal Hospital
Salford Royal Hospital (formerly known as Hope Hospital) is a large university teaching hospital in the metropolitan borough of Salford, England operated by Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust. It was previously one of the top-performing hospitals in the United Kingdom.
Ligue 1 relegation/promotion play-offs
The Ligue 1 relegation/promotion playoffs, known in French as the Barrages (transl. play-offs), is an annual play-off fixture in French football contested by the 16th-placed team in Ligue 1 and the winner of the Ligue 2 promotion play-offs. It takes place after the completion of the regular season and is administered by Ligue de Football Professionnel. Play-offs are a two-legged tie and the winner is decided by aggregate score. Play-offs were originally introduced in the 2015–16 season but due to legal issues it was adopted in the 2016–17 season, even though similar play-offs were played until 1993 when Ligue 1 was named Division 1. The first leg of play-offs are played on the home ground of the Ligue 2 club with the return leg at the home of the Ligue 1 club.

FC Metz
Football Club de Metz (French pronunciation: [mɛs] ⓘ) is a French association football club based in Metz, Lorraine. The club was formed in 1932 and plays in Ligue 1, the highest division in the French football league system, for the 2025–26 season following their promotion from the second division in the 2024–2025 season. They play their home matches at Stade Saint-Symphorien located within the city. The team is currently managed by Benoît Tavenot. Despite never winning the top flight, they have won the Coupe de France twice and the Coupe de la Ligue twice.
Greg Schaffer
Greg Schaffer is an American television producer and writer.

His producing and writing credits include Mad About You; The Tracy Morgan Show; Rodney; That '70s Show; Notes from the Underbelly; True Jackson, VP; Oh, Grow Up; Tucker and produced and wrote for That '80s Show. Much of his work prior to the second season of True Jackson, VP was with fellow writer and producer Steve Joe; they parted ways in 2009. He and his brother, Jeff Schaffer, grew up in Warren, Ohio.

He is the creator of Brews Brothers, a Netflix sitcom.

Oh, Grow Up
Oh, Grow Up is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 22 to December 28, 1999.  Created by Alan Ball, the show was based on his 1991 one-act stage play Bachelor Holiday, written before he found success as a television writer. The series starred Stephen Dunham, David Alan Basche, and John Ducey as three former college roommates who share an apartment in Brooklyn.
The Cyclops (Redon)
The Cyclops (French: Le Cyclope) is a symbolist painting by Odilon Redon that depicts the myth of the love of Polyphemus for the nymph Galatea. It was painted in oil on cardboard, then mounted on wood, and is now in the Kröller-Müller Museum in the Netherlands. The painting has been variously dated between 1898 and 1914.

Kröller-Müller Museum
The Kröller-Müller Museum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkrʏlər ˈmʏlər myˌzeːjʏm]) is a national art museum and sculpture garden, located in the Hoge Veluwe National Park in Otterlo in the Netherlands. The museum, founded by art collector Helene Kröller-Müller within the extensive grounds of her and her husband's former estate (now the national park), opened in 1938. It has the second-largest collection of paintings by Vincent van Gogh, after the Van Gogh Museum. The museum had 283,000 visitors in 2025.
St. Anthony of Padua Church (Washington, D.C.)
St. Anthony of Padua Church is the parish church of the Catholic parish in Washington, D.C., within the Archdiocese of Washington. Founded shortly after the Catholic University of America, the Franciscan Monastery, and the Dominican House of Studies, the parish church is located at 1029 Monroe Street NE in the Brookland neighborhood of Northeast Washington, commonly referred to as "Little Rome".

Dominican House of Studies
The Dominican House of Studies is a Catholic institution in Washington, DC, housing both the Priory of the Immaculate Conception, a community of the Province of St. Joseph of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans), and the Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception, an ecclesiastical faculty of theology.

The house is dedicated to the theological formation of Dominican friars and the service of the church in the Archdiocese of Washington. It serves as a formation community for Dominican candidates for holy orders and the Dominican cooperator brotherhood. It is also the location of the Thomistic Institute and the academic journal The Thomist.
Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart
Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (24 March 1739 – 10 October 1791) was a German poet, organist, composer, and journalist. He was repeatedly punished for his social-critical writing and spent ten years in severe conditions in jail.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
2024 BCL Americas Final
The 2024 BCL Americas Final was the final game of the 2023–24 BCL Americas, the 5th season of the league under its new entity and the 17th of the Pan-American premier basketball league organised by FIBA. It was played at the Estadio Ciudad de Santiago del Estero in Santiago del Estero on 14 April 2024. The game was played between Brazilian club Flamengo and the Argentinean club Quimsa.

Quimsa won its second continental title, becoming the first team to win twice the competition. Also they qualified for 2024 FIBA Intercontinental Cup. Brandon Robinson was the team's key player and won the league's MVP award.

2023–24 Basketball Champions League Americas
The 2023–24 Basketball Champions League Americas season, also referred to as the BCL Americas Season 5, was the 5th season of the Basketball Champions League Americas (BCLA). It was also the 25th season of Pan-American top-level competition, as well as the 62nd season of South American top-level competition.

The season began on 13 December 2023 and ended with the final stage in April 2024. The Final Four took place on 13 and 14 April 2024 at the Estadio Ciudad de Santiago del Estero in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Final Four hosts Quimsa won their second BCL Americas title, defeating Flamengo 92–80 in the final.

Franca were the defending champions, having won their first league title and seventh pan-American title in history. They were eliminated by Hebraica Macabi in the quarterfinals.
Matthew the Leader
Matthew the Leader (Czech: Matěj Vůdce; died 1409 in České Budějovice) was a bandit who was raiding caravans of the Rosenberg family in the early 15th century. He operated in the South Bohemian Region.

Matthew himself was likely an impoverished zeman, or part of the lower nobility. According to the acta negra maleficorum of Jihlava, he led a large group, which included famous military leader Jan Žižka. They subsisted on road robberies and raids.

České Budějovice
České Budějovice (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Budweis) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.

České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Diocese of České Budějovice and the University of South Bohemia. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Karole Hogarth
Karole Jeanette Hogarth (also known as Karole Hogarth-Caulfield) is a New Zealand academic, and is a full professor and Head of Nursing at Otago Polytechnic. She researchers interprofessional education and health curriculum development.

Reproduction, Fertility and Development
Reproduction, Fertility and Development is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing. The journal publishes original and significant contributions on vertebrate reproductive and developmental biology. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: physiology, biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, endocrinology, genetics and epigenetics, behaviour, immunology and the development of reproductive technologies in humans, livestock and wildlife, and in pest management.

The current editor-in-chief is Graeme Martin (University of Western Australia).
Upper-convected time derivative
In continuum mechanics, including fluid dynamics, an upper-convected time derivative or Oldroyd derivative, named after James G. Oldroyd, is the rate of change of some tensor property of a small parcel of fluid that is written in the coordinate system rotating and stretching with the fluid.

The operator is specified by the following formula:

where:

is the upper-convected time derivative of a tensor field

is the substantive derivative

is the tensor of velocity derivatives for the fluid.

The formula can be rewritten as:

By definition, the upper-convected time derivative of the Finger tensor  is always zero.

It can be shown that the upper-convected time derivative of a spacelike vector field is just its Lie derivative by the velocity field of the continuum.

The upper-convected derivative is widely used in polymer rheology for the description of the behavior of a viscoelastic fluid under large deformations.

Velocity
Velocity is a measurement of speed in a certain direction of motion. It is a fundamental concept in kinematics, the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of physical objects. Velocity is a vector quantity, meaning that both magnitude and direction are needed to define it (velocity vector). The scalar absolute value (magnitude) of velocity is called speed, a quantity that is measured in metres per second (m/s or m⋅s−1) in the SI (metric) system. For example, "5 metres per second" is a scalar, whereas "5 metres per second east" is a vector. If there is a change in speed, direction or both, then the object is said to be undergoing an acceleration.
Thomas Beatie
Thomas Trace Beatie (born 1974) is an American public speaker, author, and advocate of transgender rights and sexuality issues, with a focus on transgender fertility and reproductive rights.

Beatie came out as a trans man in early 1997. Beatie had gender-affirming surgery in March 2002 and became known as "the pregnant man" after he became pregnant through artificial insemination in 2007. Beatie chose to be pregnant, with donated sperm, because his wife Nancy was sterile.

The couple filed for divorce in 2012. The Beatie case is the first of its kind on record, where a documented legal male gave birth within a marriage to a woman, and for the first time, a court challenged a marriage where the husband gave birth.

Artificial insemination
Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse. It is a fertility treatment for humans, and is a common practice in animal breeding, including cattle (see frozen bovine semen) and pigs.

Artificial insemination may employ assisted reproductive technology, sperm donation and animal husbandry techniques. Artificial insemination techniques available include intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). Where gametes from a third party are used, the procedure may be known as 'assisted insemination'.
Erasmus Hendjala
Erasmus Hendjala (born 31 December 1947 in Omundudu, Ohangwena Region) is a Namibian politician. Hendjala represented the Hakahana constituency and later Tobias Hainyeko constituency in Katutura, Windhoek, Khomas Region as a member of the ruling South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) from 1993 until August 2008. In 2008, Hendjala was abruptly expelled via letter for "serious misconduct and violation of the SWAPO constitution". A month later, Hendjala joined the Rally for Democracy and Progress and announced he would contest the regional by-election in October 2008, which was forced by his expulsion from SWAPO. However, three opposition parties including Hendjala's RDP withdrew prior to the election, ensuring an easy SWAPO victory. His wife, a member of the SWAPO women's council, did not leave SWAPO with her husband.

Hakahana
Hakahana is a suburb of Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. The township is situated in the north of the town between the suburbs of Katutura, Wanaheda, and Okuryangava.

Hakahana was also a former constituency in the Khomas Region. In 2003, the constituency was split into Eastern Hakahana and Western Hakahana, both soon renamed into Tobias Hainyeko constituency and Moses ǁGaroëb constituency, respectively. Hakahana means "Hurry up" in Otjiherero.
Paul Goma
Paul Goma (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈpa.ul ˈɡoma]; October 2, 1935 – March 24, 2020) was a Romanian writer, known for his activities as a dissident and leading opponent of the communist regime before 1989. Forced into exile by the communist authorities, he became a political refugee and resided in France as a stateless person. After 2000, Goma expressed opinions on World War II, the Holocaust in Romania and the Jews, claims which have led to widespread allegations of antisemitism.

Writers' Union of Romania
The Writers' Union of Romania (Romanian: Uniunea Scriitorilor din România), founded in March 1949, is a professional association of writers in Romania. It also has a subsidiary in Chișinău, Republic of Moldova. The Writers' Union of Romania was created by the communist regime by taking over the former Romanian Writers' Society (Societatea Scriitorilor Români), which had been established in 1908.

The Union organizes the annual Days and Nights of Literature Festival, and the awarding of the prestigious Ovid Prize for Literature.
Stop! (Sam Brown song)
"Stop!" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Sam Brown from her debut studio album of the same name (1988). It was released in May 1988 by A&M Records, and written by Brown, Gregg Sutton and Bruce Brody. Brown also co-produced it with Pete Brown. "Stop!" reached number 52 on the UK Singles Chart when it was first released. Following its re-release on 23 January 1989, the song peaked at number four, becoming Brown's highest-charting single, and spending 12 weeks on the chart. Additionally, "Stop!" topped the charts in Belgium, Iceland, the Netherlands and Norway, while reaching the top five in Australia, Austria, Finland, France, Ireland, Luxembourg and Switzerland. The song was featured in the soundtrack to the 1992 film Bitter Moon.

Bitter Moon
Bitter Moon is a 1992 erotic romantic thriller film co-written and directed by Roman Polanski. It stars Peter Coyote, Emmanuelle Seigner, Hugh Grant and Kristin Scott Thomas. The film's French title, Lunes de fiel, is a pun on the French phrase "lune de miel", meaning "honeymoon". It is based on the novel Lunes de fiel by French author Pascal Bruckner, published in English as Evil Angels. The score was composed by Vangelis.
Sándor Dominich
Sándor Dominich (July 12, 1954 – August 13, 2008) was the George Pólya Professor of Computer Science, and the founding leader of the Centre for Information Retrieval, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.

Born in Aiud, Romania, Dominich proposed the Interaction Information Retrieval (I2R) model based on the Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics using Artificial Neural Networks. The I2R model was implemented in the I2RMeta Web meta-search engine, in the NeuRadIR medical image intranet search engine, and in the (i2r)Application intranet search engines.

He died at the age of 54 in Sopron in 2008.

Dominich is the author of the books
"Mathematical Foundations of Information Retrieval", Kluwer Academic Publishers, (now Springer Verlag), 2001,
and
"The Modern Algebra of Information Retrieval", Springer Verlag, 2008.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Secchia
The Secchia (pronounced [ˈsekkja]; Emilian: Sècia; called by Pliny Gabellus) is an Italian river. One of the main right bank tributaries of the Po, it flows through the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy.

It is 172 kilometres (107 mi) long, and has a drainage basin with a catchment area of 2,292 square kilometres (885 mi2), alternating between aridity in the dry summer months and higher flows during the wet spring and autumn periods. It originates at Alpe di Succiso at an elevation of 2,017 metres (6,617 ft), close to the pass of Cerreto in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, then it heads north, touching on the territory of Frignano, passing into the territory of the commune of Pavullo nel Frignano and reaching the Po Valley close to Sassuolo (in the province of Modena). Here it touches on the city of Modena and, with its riverbank protected by embankments, runs into the Po just south of Mantua, close to the mouth of the Mincio.

Province of Modena
The province of Modena (Italian: provincia di Modena) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Modena.
It has an area of 2,689 square kilometres (1,038 sq mi) and a total population of about 701,000 (2015). There are 48 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province (see list of comuni of the province of Modena). The largest after Modena are Carpi, Sassuolo, Formigine and Castelfranco Emilia.
Lyot (lunar crater)
Lyot is a large lunar impact crater that is located along the southeastern limb of the Moon. It lies within the irregular and patchy lunar mare named Mare Australe, and to the south of the crater Hamilton. Due to its location, this formation is viewed at a low angle from the Earth, and its visibility is affected by libration.

The interior floor of this crater has been resurfaced by lava, leaving a dark interior with an albedo that matches the surrounding mare. The outer rim is low and heavily worn, with a perimeter that forms a somewhat distorted circle. The southwest part of the floor and rim is marked by several small, bowl-shaped craters. There is also the remains of a ghost crater to the east of the crater midpoint.

Palimpsest (planetary astronomy)
A palimpsest /ˈpælɪmpsɛst/, in planetary astronomy, is an ancient crater that has been degraded over time. They may also be referred to as "ghost craters", "degraded craters", "buried craters", or "pathological craters". Palimpsests have been identified on Mercury, the Earth, the Moon, Mars, Ganymede, Callisto, and possibly even Titan. On Mars, these features are morphologically described as craters that are "flat-floored, rimless, extremely shallow, without central peaks, and would probably represent what remains after erosion."

On an icy moon of the outer Solar System, a palimpsest is a crater whose relief has disappeared due to creep of the icy surface ("viscous relaxation") or subsequent cryovolcanic outpourings, leaving a circular albedo feature, perhaps with a "ghost" of a rim. Icy surfaces of natural satellites like Callisto and Ganymede preserve hints of their history in these rings. A typical example is Memphis Facula on Ganymede, a 340 km wide palimpsest.