hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Early Commissioning Program
Early Commissioning Program (ECP) is a U.S. Army ROTC program that allows graduates of one of the nation's four Military Junior Colleges (MJC) to become commissioned officers in the reserve components (National Guard or Reserve) in two years, instead of the usual four. Upon completion at MJCs, ECP lieutenants must receive a bachelor's degree before serving as active duty officers or continuing a career in the reserve components. They must graduate within the next 24 months (waiver for one additional year may be granted by Cadet Command) after receiving early commission. While attending their  universities, ECP lieutenants serve in a non-deployable status.

Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces
The reserve components of the United States Armed Forces are military organizations whose members generally perform a minimum of 39 days of military duty per year and who augment the active duty (or full-time) military when necessary. The reserve components are also referred to collectively as the National Guard and Reserve.

According to 10 U.S.C. § 10102, "the purpose of each reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever, during and after the period needed to procure and train additional units and qualified persons to achieve the planned mobilization, more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components."
Catherine Karita
Catherine Karita is a Kenyan lawyer, businesswoman and corporate executive who serves as the executive director of NCBA Securities, an investment and stock brokerage firm that is a member of the NCBA Group Plc, a financial services conglomerate that is headquartered in Kenya, with branch offices in Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania.

Women in business
The phrase women in business refers to female businesspeople who hold positions, particularly leadership in the fields of commerce, business, and entrepreneurship. It advocates for their increased participation in business.

Increased participation of women in business can be important for variation in business development, ideas, and business products. Participation also encourages the development of social networks and supports that have positive repercussions for women and for their social environment.

The status of women in business varies significantly around the world. Sometimes a lack of adequate business capital, female education, and training programs in the use of technology  can mean women are more constrained by their social and political environment than men.
Peroneal strike
A peroneal strike is a temporarily disabling blow to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve of the leg, just above the knee. The attacker aims roughly a hand span above the exterior side of the knee, towards the back of the leg. This causes a temporary loss of motor control of the leg, accompanied by numbness and a painful tingling sensation from the point of impact all the way down the leg, usually lasting anywhere from 30 seconds to 5 hours in duration.

The strike is commonly made with the knee, a baton, or shin kick, but can be done by anything forcefully impacting the nerve. The technique is a part of the pressure point control tactics used in martial arts and by law enforcement agents.

The peroneal strike was used against detainees during the 2002 Bagram torture and prisoner abuse scandal.

Motor control
Motor control is the regulation of movements in organisms that possess a nervous system. Motor control includes conscious voluntary movements, subconscious muscle memory and involuntary reflexes, as well as instinctual taxes.

To control movement, the nervous system must integrate multimodal sensory information (both from the external world as well as proprioception) and elicit the necessary signals to recruit muscles to carry out a goal. This pathway spans many disciplines, including multisensory integration, signal processing, coordination, biomechanics, and cognition, and the computational challenges are often discussed under the term sensorimotor control. Successful motor control is crucial to interacting with the world to carry out goals as well as for posture, balance, and stability.

Some researchers (mostly neuroscientists studying movement, such as Daniel Wolpert and Randy Flanagan) argue that motor control is the reason brains exist at all.
Thomas Coote (Irish politician)
The Honourable Thomas Coote (c. 1655 – 24 April 1741) was an Irish politician and judge, who sat in the Irish House of Commons, and held office as Recorder of Dublin and as a judge of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland). Although he was generally liked and respected, he was removed from the Bench in 1714, and resumed his political career. He was the grandfather of the Earl of Bellomont (third creation), and a noted bibliophile.

Bookworm
A bookworm or bibliophile is an individual who loves and frequently reads or collects books. Bibliophilia or bibliophilism is the love of books.

Bibliophiles may have large, specialized book collections. They may highly value old editions, autographed copies, or illustrated versions. Bibliophilia is distinct from bibliomania, a compulsive obsession to collect books which can affect interpersonal relationships or health. The term "bibliophile" has been in use since 1820 and has been associated with historical figures like Lord Spencer and J.P. Morgan, who were known for their extensive book collections.
Fragile des bronches
Fragile des bronches (lit. 'Fragile Bronchi') is a 2022 autobiographical novel by the French writer Bertrand Blier. Set in 1956, it is about the 16-year-old son of an actor father and a depressed mother. It is closely based on scenes from Blier's own adolescence and his relationship with his father Bernard Blier.

Jérôme Garcin of L'Obs wrote that Blier's sense of absurdity comes to its right in the novel, as opposed to in his film Heavy Duty (2019), and described the book's sensibility as somewhere between Samuel Beckett and Michel Audiard.

Jérôme Garcin
Jérôme Garcin (born 4 October 1956) is a French journalist and writer. He heads the cultural section of the Nouvel Observateur, produces and hosts the radio programme Le Masque et la Plume on France Inter, and is a member of the reading committee of the Comédie-Française.
Johann Ludwig Hannemann
Johann Ludwig Hannemann (25 October 1640 – 25 October 1724) was a professor of medicine who famously opposed the idea of the circulation of the blood. He studied the chemistry of phosphorus, gold, and hematite; wrote articles on metallurgy, botany, theology, and various medical topics. He was an adherent of the views of the ancients and pre-Renaissance alchemists. He trained his medical students according to the schools of Galen, Hippocrates, and Aristotle.

He first studied theology before studying medicine.  He is best known for disseminating the Curse of Ham calumny.

In 1675, he became a full professor at the University of Kiel.

He was the doctoral advisor of Georg Gottlob Richter.
In 1680, he became a member of Leopoldina.

German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (German: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the Academia Naturae Curiosorum until 1687 when Emperor Leopold I raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences.
John Cowley (cricketer)
John Norman Cowley (7 February 1885 – 5 August 1957) was an English first-class cricketer.

Born in Marylebone, he was the grandson of first-class cricketer Robert Broughton. Cowley made his debut in minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire against Cambridgeshire at Fenner's in 1908. He played infrequently for Hertfordshire  up until 1911, making a total of five appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He appeared in a first-class cricket match for the Free Foresters against Oxford University at Oxford in 1914. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed without scoring by John Heathcoat-Amory in the Free Foresters first-innings, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Orme Bristowe for the same score. He served in the London Regiment during World War I, initially as a private before promotion to lieutenant in February 1915. He died in Bovingdon, Hertfordshire in August 1957.

Marylebone
Marylebone (usually /ˈmɑːrlɪbən/ MAR-lib-ən, also /ˈmærɪ(lə)bən/ MARR-il-ə-bən, MARR-ib-ən) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary.

An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965.

Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross.

The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street, Bond Street, Edgware Road (Bakerloo line), Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Great Portland Street, Marble Arch, Marylebone, Oxford Circus, and Regent's Park.
Timyra extranea
Timyra extranea is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Lord Walsingham in 1891. It is found in Gambia.

The wingspan is 14–15 millimetres (0.55–0.59 in). The forewings are ochreous, faintly and delicately shaded with brownish ochreous on the basal and outer thirds of the wing-length. Two faintly indicated brownish ochreous discal spots, one at the end of the basal third, the other at the commencement of the outer third, precede and follow the paler central space. The hindwings are pale ochreous, narrowly bordered in males around the apex and apical margin with brownish ochreous.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Iskar, Sofia
Iskar (Bulgarian: Искър [ˈiskɐr]) is a district located in the eastern parts of Sofia. As of 2006 it has 69,896 inhabitants and has an area of 25,6 km2. It includes four neighbourhoods: "Druzhba 1", "Druzhba 2", "Dimitar Milenkov" and Abdovitsa as well as the village of Busmantsi. The district also includes the "Gara Iskar" industrial zone which is situated around the railway station of the same name.

Vrana Palace is situated in Iskar District. There is a spacious park with rare tree species and a lake. There are 3 churches including one in Busmantsi.

Vrana Palace
Vrana Palace (Bulgarian: Дворец "Врана", romanized: Dvorets "Vrana"; formerly Враня; Vranya) is a  royal palace, on the outskirts of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It is today the official residence of the former royal family of Bulgaria. While the Royal Palace in the centre of Sofia (today the National Art Gallery and National Ethnographic Museum) served representative purposes and the Euxinograd Palace near Varna was a summer residence, Vrana was the palace where the royal family of Bulgaria spent most of their time. Vrana Palace is situated at an elevation of 571 m.

It includes the site of Chardakli farm, where there was a bridge which featured in the liberation of Sofia.
Yasuni
Yasuni can mean:

Yasuní National Park, Ecuador
Yasuní-ITT Initiative, a proposal to refrain from exploiting oil reserves within the park

Yasuní River, in Ecuador

Yasuni antwren, a bird

Lophostoma yasuni, a species of bat

Osteocephalus yasuni, a species of frog

Carriker's round-eared bat
Carriker's round-eared bat (Lophostoma carrikeri) is a bat species found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. It was discovered by and named for Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr.
Karad North Assembly constituency
Karad North Assembly constituency of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha is one of the constituencies located in Satara district.

It is a part of the Satara (Lok Sabha constituency), along with five other assembly constituencies, viz Wai, Karad South, Koregaon, Satara and Patan from the Satara district.

State legislative assemblies of India
The State Legislative Assembly, also known as the Vidhan Sabha or the Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India. Members of the legislative assembly are often directly elected to serve five year terms from single-member constituencies. A legislative assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the governor on request of the chief minister of the respective state or union territory, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
Animal Health and Welfare Act 1984
The Animal Health and Welfare Act 1984 (c. 40) was a piece of UK legislation that amended the provisions of the Animal Health Act 1981 related to

the seizure of things for the purpose of preventing the spread of disease,

powers of entry upon private premises,

declarations as to places infected with a disease,

to enable certain orders under that Act to operate in or over territorial waters,

to amend the Slaughter of Poultry Act 1967,

to enable provision to be made for controlling the practice of artificial breeding of livestock,

to repeal the Improvement of Live Stock (Licensing of Bulls) Act 1931 and the Horse Breeding Act 1958,

to amend the Medicines Act 1968 in relation to feeding stuffs and veterinary drugs, the registers of which are kept by the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

The Criminal Justice Act 2003 increased the penalties related to the artificial breeding of livestock to 51 weeks from the 3 months stated in this 1984 Act.

Criminal Justice Act 2003
The Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is a wide-ranging measure introduced to modernise many areas of the criminal justice system in England and Wales and, to a lesser extent, in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Large portions of the act were repealed and replaced by the Sentencing Act 2020.

It amends the law relating to police powers, bail, disclosure, allocation of criminal offences, prosecution appeals, autrefois acquit ("double jeopardy"), hearsay, propensity evidence, bad character evidence, sentencing and release on licence. It permits offences to be tried by a judge sitting alone without a jury, in cases where there is a danger of jury-tampering. It also expands the circumstances in which defendants can be tried twice for the same offence (double jeopardy), when "new and compelling evidence" is introduced.
National Police Intervention Groups
National Police Intervention Groups (GIPN; French: Groupes d'Intervention de la Police Nationale) were tactical units of the French National Police based in large cities in metropolitan France and in French overseas territories.

GIPN units operated in metropolitan France from 1972 until 2015 when they were integrated into the RAID (French: Recherche, Assistance, Intervention, Dissuasion) tactical unit as regional RAID (French: antennes RAID. Overseas territory units were integrated in 2019.

SIG Pro
The SIG Pro is a series of semi-automatic pistols manufactured by SIG Sauer in Exeter, New Hampshire.  It became the first polymer-frame handgun from SIG Sauer and one of the first pistols to feature a built-in universal accessory rail and interchangeable grips.: 78  Offerings in the series are chambered in .40 S&W, .357 SIG, or 9×19mm Parabellum.  As of March 2020, only the SP 2022 variant was still listed on the SIG Sauer website. The SIG Pro was marketed as a lightweight and compact alternative to the "legacy" SIG Sauer handguns in an increasingly competitive and budget-oriented law enforcement market.
Kolsrud
Kolsrud is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dag Kolsrud, Norwegian musician

Dan Kolsrud, American film producer

Eileif Kolsrud (1873–1953), Norwegian educator and politician

Lasse Kolsrud,  Norwegian actor and director

Lasse Kolsrud
Lasse Kolsrud (born March 27, 1959) is a Norwegian actor and director.

He has performed at the Trøndelag Theater, the Norwegian Theater, and on film. He has also directed the theater version of Frode Grytten's novel Bikubesong at the Norwegian Theater. For his dramatization and direction of this play, he received the Hedda Award in the 	Most Promising Newcomer category in 2004.

Kolsrud received the Norwegian Theater Critics Award in 2004.
The Middle Kingdom (album)
The Middle Kingdom is the second studio album by Irish folk metal band Cruachan released in 2000 on Hammerheart Records. According to Ryan Dyer of MetalSucks, the album saw the band take a more traditional approach.

MetalSucks
MetalSucks is an American  heavy metal music-themed news website. The site features reviews, interviews, information on the latest metal releases and blog-like posts from the writers, most notably Vince Neilstein and Axl Rosenberg.
Concordat of 1169
The Concordat of 1169 was an agreement between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Papal States, signed by Stephen III of Hungary and Cardinal Manfred of Lavagna, the papal legate of Pope Alexander III in Veszprém or Esztergom in 1169.

Taking advantage of Hungary's difficult foreign policy situation, which in the previous years was embroiled in a war with neighboring Byzantine Empire, the pope persuaded Stephen III to agree to a concordat much more favorable to him, overriding the 1161 agreement that provided the Hungarian monarch with wide ecclesiastical government concessions.

Papal legate
A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations, to some other part of the Catholic Church, or to representatives of a state or monarchy. A legate is empowered in matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.

The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, to a sovereign, to a large body of believers (such as a national church), or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars.

The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine.
Ayam geprek
Ayam geprek (Javanese: ꦥꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦒꦼꦥꦿꦺꦏ꧀, romanized: pitik geprèk, 'crushed chicken') is Indonesian crispy battered fried chicken crushed and mixed with hot and spicy sambal. Currently, ayam geprek is commonly found in Indonesia and neighbouring countries; however, its origin was from Yogyakarta in Java.

Geprek is the Javanese term for "crushed" or "smashed", thus ayam geprek means "crushed chicken". It is quite similar to the traditional East Javanese ayam penyet, as both consist of fried chicken that is smashed and mixed with hot and spicy sambal chili paste. The difference is that ayam penyet is a type of traditional Javanese ayam goreng that is half-cooked in bumbu kuning (yellow spice paste) before being deep-fried in hot palm oil, while ayam geprek is more akin to Western-style (American) fried chicken that is coated with batter and popularly known as ayam goreng tepung (battered fried chicken) in Indonesia.

Batter (cooking)
Batter is a flour mixture with liquid and other ingredients such as sugar, salt, egg, milk and leavening used for cooking. Batters are a pourable consistency that cannot be kneaded.
 Batter is most often used for cake, pancakes and as a coating for fried foods. It is also used for a variety of batter breads.

The word batter comes from the French word battre, which means to beat, as many batters require vigorous beating or whisking in their preparation.
Bertha Bouroncle
Bertha A. Bouroncle Pereny (September 10, 1919 – August 13, 2013) was a Peruvian-American hematologist. After completing medical school in Peru, Bouroncle came to the United States for her postgraduate medical training. A longtime member of the faculty at the Ohio State University College of Medicine, she was the first investigator to identify hairy cell leukemia and the first female full professor in the state of Ohio.

In the 1980s, Bouroncle and two colleagues developed a drug to treat hairy cell leukemia. She was named a professor emerita at the medical school in 1989. Bouroncle died in 2013. She was predeceased by her husband Andrew Pereny, a businessman and erstwhile ceramic artist.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Bernhard Worms
Bernhard Worms (14 March 1930 – 21 December 2024) was a German politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, he served in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1970 to 1990 and in the Bundestag in 1990.

Worms died on 21 December 2024, at the age of 94.

Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
The Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia is the state parliament (Landtag) of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which convenes in the state capital of Düsseldorf, in the eastern part of the district of Hafen. The parliament is the central legislative body in the political system of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition to the passage of laws, its most important tasks are the election of the Minister-President of the state and the administration of the government. The current government is a coalition of the CDU and the Greens, supporting the cabinet of Minister-President Hendrik Wüst since June 2022.

The most recent state election took place on 15 May 2022.
Thrax Punks
Thrax Punks (Greek: Θραξ Πανκc) is a Greek punk rock band originating from Thrace, Greece, founded in the mid-2000s. Their music lies at the crossroads of Thracian folk music and punk/rock aesthetics, combining instruments such as the gaida, davul and Thracian lyre with electric guitar and bass guitar.

Thrax Punks members are: George Stavridis (davul, thracian lyre, vocals), Vaios-Alexandros Charakopidis (gaida, kaval, zurna, synths, vocals), Panos Gkinis (electric guitars) & Markos Koutsianas (sound engineer).

Zurna
The zurna is a double reed wind instrument played in Central Asia, West Asia, the Caucasus, Southeast Europe and parts of North Africa. It is also used in Sri Lanka. It is usually accompanied by a davul (bass drum) in Armenian, Anatolian and Assyrian folk music. The zurna is largely played in Turkey.