hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pythagorean hodograph curve
In mathematics, a Pythagorean hodograph curve or PH curve is a curve defined by a polynomial parametric equation for which the speed (the derivative of arc length) also has a polynomial parametric equation. This allows the arc length itself to be determined by integrating the speed. Additionally, dividing by the speed gives a rational parameterization of the unit normal to the curve, and of the parallel curves to the given curves. For these reasons, researchers have investigated the use of Pythagorean hodograph curves as splines in geometric design.

Here, "hodograph" is another word for a derivative. They are called Pythagorean hodograph curves because their derivatives obey an equation analogous to the equation in the Pythagorean theorem.

Spline (mathematics)
In mathematics, a spline is a function defined piecewise by polynomials.
In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher degrees.

In the computer science subfields of computer-aided design and computer graphics, the term spline more frequently refers to a piecewise polynomial (parametric) curve. Splines are popular curves in these subfields because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design.

The term spline comes from the flexible spline devices used by shipbuilders and draftsmen to draw smooth shapes.
Division No. 3, Newfoundland and Labrador
Division No. 3, Newfoundland and Labrador is a census division in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, primarily comprising the South Coast of the island of Newfoundland, starting roughly 10km northwest of Channel-Port aux Basques and ending roughly 10km east of Rencontre East. Like all census divisions in Newfoundland and Labrador, but unlike the census divisions of some other provinces, the division exists only as a statistical division for census data, and is not a political entity.

In the Canada 2021 Census, the division had a population of 13,920 (down from 15,560 in 2016) and a land area of 19,912.67 square kilometres.

Rencontre East
Rencontre East is a small, outport community in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada located north east of Belleoram, and west of Terrenceville in Fortune Bay. The population was 115 in the 2021 census.  This small community is not connected to any surrounding areas by road.

Rencontre East is accessible by scheduled ferry service (MV Terra Nova) from ports in Pool's Cove (1 hour, 15 minutes) and Bay L'Argent (1 hour, 45 minutes). The MV Terra Nova takes 30 passengers and is passenger service only (no vehicles).
The Demon in the Snow (Fallout)
"The Demon in the Snow" is the fourth episode of the second season of the American post-apocalyptic drama television series Fallout. It is the twelfth overall episode of the series and was written by consulting producer Jane Espenson, and directed by Stephen Williams. It was released on Amazon Prime Video on January 7, 2026.

The series depicts the aftermath of an apocalyptic nuclear exchange in an alternate history of Earth where advances in nuclear technology after World War II led to the emergence of a retrofuturistic society and a subsequent resource war. The survivors took refuge in fallout shelters known as Vaults, built to preserve humanity in the event of nuclear annihilation. In the episode, Deathclaws are introduced, Lucy and the Ghoul reach New Vegas, while the Brotherhood of Steel turn against one another.

The episode received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised the episode's comedic elements and production values, particularly the design of New Vegas.

Retrofuturism
Retrofuturism (adjective retrofuturistic, retrofuturist, or retrofuture) is a movement in the creative arts emphasizing and harking back to depictions of the future as produced in earlier eras. If futurism is an artistic movement anticipating upcoming technological advancements, retrofuturism is the remembering of that anticipation. Characterized by a blend of old-fashioned "retro styles" with futuristic technology, retrofuturism explores the themes of tension between past and future, and between the alienating and empowering effects of technology. Primarily reflected in artistic creations and modified technologies that realize the imagined artifacts of its parallel reality, retrofuturism can be seen as "an animating perspective on the world".

Retrofuturism became especially prevalent in the early 2020s in terms of culture, transport, architecture, and entertainment.
Päite
Päite is a village in Toila Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia. It is located just west of the town of Sillamäe. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 22, of which the Estonians were 11 (50.0%).

Päite cliff, part of the Baltic Klint

2011 Estonian census
The 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011) (Estonian: Rahva ja eluruumide loendus (REL 2011)) was a census that was carried out during 31 December 2011 – 31 March 2012 in Estonia by Statistics Estonia.

The total population recorded was 1,294,455 persons, compared to 1,370,052 persons counted in the 2000 Estonian census.
Lakhanpur, Jammu
Lakhanpur is a town and a notified area committee in Kathua district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Lakhanpur is the entrance to Jammu and Kashmir from Punjab and rest of India. It is a sparsely populated area about 20 km (12 mi) from the center of Kathua city, and also known for its lakhanpur fort and famous dish called [palle].

Kathua district
Kathua district  is an administrative district in the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is surrounded by Jammu to the northwest, the Doda and Udhampur districts to the north, the state of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Punjab to the south, and Pakistan's working boundary to the west. Its terrain is diverse, consisting of rich agricultural areas along the Punjab/Kashmir border, plains sweeping eastward to the foothills of the Himalaya, and the mountainous Pahari region in the east.

Kathua district is divided into 8 blocks: Bani, Barnoti, Basholi, Billawar, Najot, Duggan, Ghagwal, Hiranagar, Kathua and Lohai Malhar. It has approximately 512 villages.

The traditional language of Kathua is Dogri with some Pahari influence. Pahari languages are prevalent in the mountainous area of the east. The principal media of education are English, Hindi, and Urdu.
Ubykh phonology
Ubykh, an extinct Northwest Caucasian language, has the largest consonant inventory of all documented languages that do not use clicks, with 84, due to extensive secondary articulation, and also the most disproportionate ratio of consonants to vowels. It has consonants in at least eight, perhaps nine, basic places of articulation and 29 distinct fricatives, 27 sibilants, and 20 uvulars, more than any other documented language. Only Khoisan languages such as Taa have larger consonant inventories due to their large inventories of click consonants.

Sibilant
Sibilants (from Latin: sibilans 'hissing') are fricative and affricate consonants of higher amplitude and pitch, made by directing a stream of air with the tongue towards the teeth. Examples of sibilants are the consonants at the beginning of the English words sip, zip, ship, and genre. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet used to denote the sibilant sounds in these words are, respectively, [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ]. Sibilants have a characteristically intense sound, which accounts for their paralinguistic use in getting one's attention (e.g. calling someone using "psst!" or quieting someone using "shhhh!").
Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)
The Bengali Language Movement of Barak Valley was a period of protests that began in 1960 against the decision of the Government of Assam to make Assamese the state's sole official language, even though most Barak Valley residents spoke Bengali. About 80% of the valley's residents are ethnic Bengalis, and the Bengali population in the Barak Valley region consists of both Hindus and Muslims in about equal number, constituting the overwhelming majority of the population. There is also a substantial minority of native tribes and immigrants from other parts of India.

The main incident took place on 19 May 1961 at Silchar railway station in which the Assam police killed 11 ethnic Bengalis.

Karimganj
Karimganj, officially Sribhumi, is a town in the Karimganj district of the Indian state of Assam. It is the administrative headquarters of the district.

Karimganj town is located at 24°52′N 92°21′E﻿ / ﻿24.87°N 92.35°E﻿ / 24.87; 92.35. The area of Karimganj Town is 16.09 km2. It has an average elevation of 13 metres (42 feet).

Bengali and Meitei (Manipuri) are the official and the additional official languages of the town respectively.

On 21 November 2024, the Assam government renamed Karimganj town as Sribhumi town.
Prakash Chand Surana
Prakash Chand Surana (1939 – 5 February 2015) was an Indian jeweler, businessman, philanthropist, and connoisseur of Hindustani classical music. He was known for his contributions to the promotion of Indian classical music and for his efforts to revive traditional jewelry-making techniques.

Jaipur-Atrauli gharana
The Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana (also known as Jaipur Gharana, Atrauli-Jaipur Gharana, and Alladiyakhani Gayaki) is a Hindustani music apprenticeship fraternity (gharana), founded by Alladiya Khan in the late-19th century. Evolved from the dhrupad tradition of the Atrauli and Dagarbani lineages, but known for khayal, this gharana is known for producing acclaimed musicians like Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Laxmibai Jadhav, Mogubai Kurdikar, Mallikarjun Mansur, Shruti Sadolikar, Dhondutai Kulkarni, and Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande. Consequently, this gharana developed a reputation for its distinctive vocal aesthetics, raga repertoire, and technical aptitude.
Parks E. Ball House
The Parks E. Ball House is a historic house near Aliceville, Alabama. It is the only surviving Antebellum brick house in the county.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 1982; and added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage list on October 19, 1979.

Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage
The Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage (ARLH), commonly referred to as the Alabama Register, is an official listing of buildings, sites, structures, objects, and districts deemed worthy of preservation in the U.S. state of Alabama. These properties, which may be of national, state, and local significance, are designated by the Alabama Historical Commission. The designation is honorary and carries no direct restrictions or incentives.  The register includes properties such as cemeteries, churches, moved properties, reconstructed properties, and properties at least 40 years old which may not normally qualify for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.  There are approximately 1,711 properties and districts listed on the Alabama Register.  Of these, approximately 243 are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places and 6 are designated as National Historic Landmarks.
Roxette XXX – The 30 Biggest Hits
Roxette XXX–The 30 Biggest Hits is the sixth greatest hits compilation album by Swedish pop duo Roxette, released on 3 November 2014 by Roxette Recordings in conjunction with Parlophone and Warner Music Group.

Clarence Öfwerman
Clarence Öfwerman (born 22 November 1957) is a Swedish record producer and musician, best known as the longtime producer of Roxette, having been with the band from their debut album, Pearls of Passion, in 1986, through to 2016's Good Karma, their last studio album. He coproduced Pop-Up Dynamo!, an album issued in 2022 by Per Gessle under the name PG Roxette. He is the older brother of former Roxette percussionist, keyboardist, and backing vocalist Staffan Öfwerman. He also joined Gessle and Roxette as a live musician on various tours, including the 2009 Night of the Proms series in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany, as well as a mini European tour in 2010.
Anne Cassidy
Anne Cassidy (born 1952) is a British writer best known for her crime fiction for young adults.

She was born in London. She worked in a bank for five years and then worked for several years as a teacher. She began writing in 1989 and published her first book Big Girls' Shoes in 1991. Cassidy has been described as "Ruth Rendell for teenagers". Her own favourite crime fiction authors include Rendell, Ian Rankin, Lawrence Block and James Lee Burke. She has also written several books for younger readers.

Her 2004 book Looking for JJ won the Booktrust Teenage Prize. It also appeared on the shortlists for the Whitbread Book Awards and the Carnegie Medal. The book was adapted into a play.

Ian Rankin
Sir Ian James Rankin OBE DL FRSE FRSL FRIAS (born 28 April 1960) is a Scottish crime writer and philanthropist, best known for his Inspector Rebus novels.

Born in Fife, Rankin was the first of his family to attend university, and he worked in a number of different jobs before becoming a writer. Rankin's crime novels form a major contribution to the tartan noir genre, and have won numerous British and international awards. His Rebus books have sold over 35 million copies.
2007 Team Long Track World Championship
The 2007 Team Long Track World Championship was the first annual FIM Team Long Track World Championship.  The final took place on 1 September 2007 in Morizès, France. The championship was won by Germany who beat Great Britain in a final heat. Host team France finished third.

France national long track team
The France national long track team is the national long track motorcycle racing team of France and is controlled by the French Motorcycle Federation. The team started in all editions of Team Long Track World Championship and won a bronze medal twice (2007, 2009).
Ramzan Khan
Ramzan Khan, popularly known as Munna Master, is an Indian singer and social worker from Jaipur district of Rajasthan, known for singing Bhajans (devotional songs) and dedicated cow care. He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, in 2020 for his contributions to the arts.

Jaipur district
Jaipur district is a district in the state of Rajasthan in Northern India.the city of Jaipur, which is Rajasthan's capital and the largest city, is the district headquarters. It is the tenth most populous district in India (out of 780).
Yuliya Drozhzhina
Yuliya Drozhzhina (Russian: Юлия Николаевна Дрожжина; born 1 March 1990, Zarinsk, Altai Krai) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma.

From 2014 to 2016, Drozhzhina was the head of the organizational department of the Russian National Youth Organization "Russian Students' Teams". In 2016, she was appointed head of the Moscow branch of the organization. In 2018, she coordinated volunteers during the Vladimir Putin's presidential campaign.

Since 2021, she has served as a deputy of the 8th State Duma from the Moscow constituency. She ran with the United Russia. Initially, Yulia Drozhzhina did not make it to the party lists. However, three people before her rejected their mandates, and she received the place on 7 October. Drozhzhina became the last registered deputy of the 8th State Duma.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Graeme Whifler
Graeme Whifler (born May 10, 1951 in San Mateo, California) is an American screenwriter and film director.

Whifler has written and directed numerous movies, television documentaries, videos, and music videos. He directed films like Neighborhood Watch, and TV shows like Secrets & Mysteries, along with co-directing the unfinished film Vileness Fats with The Residents. He also wrote the screenplay for the horror film Dr. Giggles and the cult film Sonny Boy.

Whifler directed music videos from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s.

Whifler currently resides in the Chevy Chase area of Glendale and is co-President of the Chevy Chase Estates Association.

San Mateo, California
San Mateo is the most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It is part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan region, and is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco. San Mateo borders Burlingame to the north, Hillsborough to the west, San Francisco Bay and Foster City to the east and Belmont to the south. The population was 105,661 at the 2020 census.  Some of the biggest economic drivers for the city include technology, health care and education.
Wushu at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's sanda 60 kg
The men's sanda 60 kilograms competition at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, South Korea was held from 20 September to 24 September at the Ganghwa Dolmens Gymnasium.

Sanda is an unsanctioned fight is a Chinese self-defense system and combat sport. Amateur Sanda allows kicks, punches, knees (not to the head), and throws.

A total of sixteen competitors from sixteen countries competed in this event, limited to fighters whose body weight was less than 60 kilograms.

Kong Hongxing from China won the gold medal after beating Jean Claude Saclag of the Philippines in gold medal bout 2–0, Kong won both periods by the same score of 5–0. The bronze medal was shared by Narender Grewal from India and Kang Yeong-sik of South Korea.

Narender Grewal
Narender Grewal (born 11 July 1994) is an Indian wushu competitor.  He was born in Satrod Khas, Hisar, Haryana, India. He won a bronze medal in the men's 60-kg sanda at the 2014 Asian Games. He also won a bronze medal in the men's 65-kg sanda at the 2018 Asian Games. He has won bronze medal in world championship 2012. He is one of the best mixed martial arts athletes in India, with a record of seven wins and one loss.
Mohammad Nehaluddin
Mohammad Nehaluddin is a Rashtriya Janta Dal senior leader and Bihar Legislative Assembly Member from Rafiganj Assembly Constituency. He won in 2020 Bihar Assembly Election on RJD ticket. He is a three-term MLA from the Rafiganj constituency. He defeated Independent candidate by 11 thousand votes and two term incumbent JD(U) MLA Asok Kumar Singh came a distant third.

He had won MLA seat in February 2005 and November 2005 Bihar Assembly Election. He lost in 2010 Bihar Assembly Elections to JD(U) candidate Ashok Kumar Singh.

Mohammad Nehaluddin was denied ticket in 2015 due to Mahagatbandhan formation in Bihar by RJD, JD(U) and Indian National Congress. Rafiganj was given to JD(U) in seat sharing formula due to incumbent JD(U) MLA in 2015 Ashok Kumar Singh.

While campaigning for 2010 Bihar Assembly Elections in Rafiganj, he was kidnapped by Naxals in Madanpur block of Lalteinganj. Later, he was released with a warning to not campaign in the area.

Rafiganj Assembly constituency
Rafiganj Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency for Bihar Legislative Assembly in Aurangabad, Bihar district of Bihar, India. It comes under Aurangabad Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Kutumba, Aurangabad, Gurua, Imamganj and Tikari.
1990 Copper Bowl
The 1990 Copper Bowl featured the Wyoming Cowboys and the California Golden Bears.

After a scoreless first quarter, Cal quarterback Mike Pawlawski threw a 25-yard touchdown pass to Brian Treggs giving Cal a 7–0 lead. A 26-yard Wyoming field goal cut the margin to 7–3 at halftime. In the third quarter, Cal added a 46-yard field goal to take a 10–3 lead. In the fourth quarter, Eric Zomalt scored on a 4-yard touchdown run increasing Cal's lead to 17–3. Wyoming scored on an 11-yard Daffer run, and attempted a 2-point conversion that failed, to make the score 17–9. They later scored on a 70-yard punt return, but the 2-point conversion attempt again failed, leaving the final score 17–15.

Eric Zomalt
Eric Lee Zomalt (born August 9, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the third round of the 1994 NFL draft and played for the team from 1994 to 1996. He played for the New York Jets in 1996. He played college football for the California Golden Bears.
2016 Challenger ATP Cachantún Cup – Doubles
Andrés Molteni and Guido Pella were the defending champions, but chose not to defend their title.

Julio Peralta and Hans Podlipnik won the title defeating Facundo Bagnis and Máximo González in the final, 7–6(7–4), 4–6, [10–5].

Máximo González
Máximo González Mereira (Latin American Spanish: [ˈmaɣsimo ɣonˈsales meˈɾejɾa]; born July 20, 1983) is an Argentine professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is World No. 58, achieved in July 2009 and his career-high doubles ranking is World No. 10 achieved on 11 September 2023.
Makeful
Makeful is a Canadian specialty television channel owned by Blue Ant Media focused on lifestyle programming relating to do-it-yourself projects such as food, design, style, and crafts in connection with maker culture (from which the channel takes its name).

The channel was first launched on March 5, 2005, as BiteTV. Originally airing short-form reality programming, the channel eventually shifted its focus towards comedy programming. By 2013, Bite began airing general entertainment programming before ultimately relaunching under its current name on August 24, 2015.

Makeful was available in 8.5 million households, as of 2013. Outside of Canada, the Makeful brand is operated by Rock Entertainment Holdings in Southeast Asia.

Rock Entertainment
Rock Entertainment (formerly RTL CBS Entertainment and Blue Ant Entertainment; stylized as ROCK entertainment) is a 24/7 Southeast Asian English-language television channel owned by Rock Entertainment Holdings.
Arslanovo, Chishminsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Arslanovo (Russian: Арсланово; Bashkir: Арыҫлан, Arıślan) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Arslanovsky Selsoviet, Chishminsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 650 as of 2010. There are 13 streets.

Chishminsky District
Chishminsky District (Russian: Чишми́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Шишмә районы, Şişmä rayonı) is an administrative with some beautiful sites and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders Kushnarenkovsky District in the north, Ufimsky District in the northeast and east, Karmaskalinsky District in the southeast, Davlekanovsky District in the south, and Blagovarsky District in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,823.77 square kilometers (704.16 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Chishmy. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 52,344, with the population of the administrative center accounting for 40.5% of that number.
Aether theories
In the history of physics, aether theories (or ether theories) proposed the existence of a medium, a space-filling substance or field as a transmission medium for the propagation of electromagnetic or gravitational forces. Using a substantial aether fell out of use in modern physics after experiments like the Michelson–Morley experiment of July 1887 which failed to detect an aether. The development of special relativity theories made aether theory unnecessary.

This early modern aether has little in common with the aether of classical elements from which the name was borrowed. The assorted theories embody the various conceptions of this medium and substance.

Optical medium
In optics, an optical medium is material through which light and other electromagnetic waves propagate.  It is a form of transmission medium.  The permittivity and permeability of the medium define how electromagnetic waves propagate in it.