hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Complexification
In mathematics, the complexification of a vector space V over the field of real numbers (a "real vector space") yields a vector space VC over the complex number field, obtained by formally extending the scaling of vectors by real numbers to include their scaling ("multiplication") by complex numbers. Any basis for V (a space over the real numbers) may also serve as a basis for VC over the complex numbers.

Complex conjugate
In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if  and  are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of  is    The complex conjugate of  is often denoted as  or .

In polar form, if  and  are real numbers then the conjugate of  is  This can be shown using Euler's formula.

The product of a complex number and its conjugate is a real number:  (or  in polar coordinates).

If a root of a univariate polynomial with real coefficients is complex, then its complex conjugate is also a root.
Undercurrents (magazine)
Undercurrents, 'the magazine of alternative science and technology' (ISSN 0306-2392), was published in England between 1972 and 1984: when it was merged into Resurgence: 63 editions all together.

In the 1970s, Clifford Harper provided illustrations. For much of that period it appeared every two months and the circulation peaked at 7,000 in the late 1970s. It became the ‘house journal of the alternative technology movement’. Phone phreaking was among the many technological topics covered in the journal.The magazine has been republished on the World Wide Web using Issuu and, in part only, on Scribd.

Issuu
Issuu, Inc. (pronounced "issue") is an electronic publishing platform based in Palo Alto, California, United States. The company's software converts PDFs into customizable digital publications that can be shared via links or embedded into websites.

Founded in 2006, the company moved its headquarters from Denmark to the United States in 2013.
Oswald Cobblepot (Gotham)
Oswald Cobblepot (née: Kapelput; cryptonym: The Penguin) is a character and one of the main antagonists of the FOX television series Gotham, portrayed by Robin Lord Taylor. Based on the DC Comics supervillain of the same name, he was adapted by showrunner Bruno Heller for the series, which is intended to explore the origin stories of characters from the Batman mythos. Introduced in the first season, Cobblepot is depicted as an intelligent low-level criminal who aspires to rule Gotham City's criminal underworld. His character arc in the series explores his rise to power.

Taylor's performance has been well received by critics and fans throughout the series' run, and the Penguin has been considered the show's breakout character.

Code name
A code name, codename, call sign, or cryptonym is a code word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person. Code names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be used in industrial counter-espionage to protect secret projects and the like from business rivals, or to give names to projects whose marketing name has not yet been determined. Another reason for the use of names and phrases in the military is that they transmit with a lower level of cumulative errors over a walkie-talkie or radio link than actual names.

Code names are also used for commercial products, for a variety of reasons. One of them can include that a marketing name has not yet been established during product development.
Tical 0: The Prequel
Tical 0: The Prequel is the third studio album by American rapper Method Man, released on May 18, 2004, by Def Jam Recordings.

Upon its release, Tical 0: The Prequel debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart, and was certified gold by the RIAA on July 14, 2004. The album received mostly mixed reviews from critics who criticized its lack of cohesiveness, production, and overall sound.

FM (Canadian band)
FM is a Canadian progressive rock music group formed in 1976 in Toronto, by Cameron Hawkins and Jeff Plewman (renamed Nash the Slash).  The band existed from 1976 to 1989, 1994–1996, 2006, and 2011–present.  They have had periods of inactivity during their existence.  Their music has been categorized as space rock, and lyrics are dominated by science fiction themes.  In November 2011, Hawkins reformed the band with two new players.
Robert Bell (died 1639)
Sir Robert Bell (c. 1589 – 1639) was an English landowner and politician who sat in England's House of Commons in 1626.

Bell was the son of Sir Edmund Bell of Beaupré Hall, Outwell, Norfolk. He matriculated from King's College, Cambridge at Easter 1606, and was knighted in 1611. In 1626, he was elected Member of Parliament for Norfolk.

Bell died at the age of about 50 and was buried at Outwell on 31 October 1639.

Beaupré Hall
Beaupré Hall was a large 16th-century house mainly of brick, which was built by the Beaupres in Outwell, Norfolk, England and enlarged by their successors the Bells. Like many of Britain's country houses it was demolished in the mid-20th century.
Doaksville, Choctaw Nation
Doaksville is a former settlement, now a ghost town, located in present-day Choctaw County, Oklahoma. It was founded between 1824 and 1831, by people of the Choctaw Indian tribe who were forced to leave their homes in the Southeastern United States and relocate in an area designated for their resettlement in Indian Territory. The community was named for Josiah Stuart Doak, co-owner of the local trading post. The town flourished until the U.S. Army abandoned nearby Fort Towson in 1854, though it remained as the Choctaw capital until 1859, then declined precipitately after being bypassed by a new railroad in 1870. It is now a ghost town and an archaeological preservation site.

Fort Towson
Fort Towson was a frontier outpost for Frontier Army Quartermasters along the Permanent Indian Frontier located about two miles (3 km) northeast of the present community of Fort Towson, Oklahoma. Located on Gates Creek near the confluence of the Kiamichi River and the Red River in present-day Choctaw County, Oklahoma, it was named for General Nathaniel Towson.
Norax
Norax  (Ancient Greek: Νῶραξ) was a mythological hero mentioned in the writings of ancient Greek and Roman writers. He was said to be the son of the god Hermes and Erytheia, the daughter of Geryon.  Norax appears in the writings of Pausanias and Solinus.

Gaius Julius Solinus
Gaius Julius Solinus, better known simply as Solinus, was a Latin grammarian, geographer, and compiler who probably flourished in the early 3rd century AD. Historical scholar Theodor Mommsen dates him to the middle of the 3rd century.
HMS Devonshire (D02)
HMS Devonshire was the first of the County-class destroyers and the first Batch 1 ship of the Royal Navy. The ship was built by Cammell Laird in Birkenhead near Liverpool. With a displacement of 6,200 tons full load, Devonshire was named after the English county of Devon. She was launched on 10 June 1960 and delivered to the navy two years later.

Cammell Laird
Cammell Laird is a British shipbuilding company. It was formed from the merger of Laird Brothers of Birkenhead and Johnson Cammell & Co of Sheffield at the turn of the twentieth century. The company also built railway rolling stock until 1929, when that side of the business was separated and became part of the Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage & Wagon Company.
Expressway S61 (Poland)
Expressway S61 or express road S61 is a Polish highway running from Ostrów Mazowiecka (separating from express road S8) to the Polish-Lithuanian border near Budzisko (continuing as the Lithuanian A5 highway). The route was completed in October 2025.

The road is part of the strategically important Via Baltica, the segment from Tallinn to Warsaw of the European route E67 connecting the Baltic States with the rest of Europe through the exposed Suwałki corridor. Its north-eastern end is also part of the planned Via Carpathia. Across the Lithuanian border the preexisting A5 highway to Kaunas is being upgraded into a divided highway with grade-separated junctions, bringing it to the same standard as the S61 expressway.

Augustów
Augustów [au̯ˈɡustuf] ⓘ (formerly known in English as Augustovo or Augustowo; Lithuanian: Augustavas; Yiddish: אױגוסטאװע, romanized: Ogustove) is a town in north-eastern Poland. It lies on the Netta River and the Augustów Canal. It is the seat of Augustów County and of Gmina Augustów in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Augustów has an area of 80.90 square kilometres (31.24 square miles), and as of June 2022 it has a population of 29,305.

In 1970, Augustów became officially recognized as a health and relaxation resort. In 1973, surrounding settlements were named a part of it, forming a popular resort town.
Lenny Mirra
Leonard "Lenny" Mirra is an American former state legislator who was in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He is a Georgetown resident and a member of the Republican Party.

Mirra represented the Second Essex District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. For the majority of Mirra’s tenure, the Second Essex included the towns of Newbury, West Newbury, Groveland, Merrimac, Georgetown, precinct 2 and 3 of Boxford, Haverhill's ward 4 precinct 3, and Haverhill's ward 7 precinct 3.

Groveland, Massachusetts
Groveland is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is thirty-four miles north of Boston. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 6,752. The town is divided into two precincts, Groveland and South Groveland.
2012 Kazakhstan Super Cup
The 2012 Kazakhstan Super Cup was the fourth Kazakhstan Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League, Shakhter Karagandy, and the previous season's Kazakhstan Cup, Ordabasy, with the latter winning on 1–0. This was both teams first appearance in the Kazakhstan Super Cup.

Astana were the defending champions as winners of the 2011 Kazakhstan Super Cup, but did not qualify for this edition, as they failed to win either the Premier League or the Kazakhstan Cup.

FC Astana
Astana Football Club (Kazakh: Астана футбол клубы, Astana Futbol Kluby) is a professional football club based in Astana. They play in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest level of Kazakh football. The club's home ground is the 30,000-seat Astana Arena stadium. The club colours, reflected in their badge and kit, are sky blue and yellow. Founded as Lokomotiv Astana in 2009, the club changed its name to Astana in 2011.

The club has won a record seven league titles, three Kazakhstan Cups and six Kazakhstan Super Cups.
Alert, North Carolina
36°13′52″N 78°13′21″W﻿ / ﻿36.23111°N 78.22250°W﻿ / 36.23111; -78.22250
Alert is an unincorporated community in northern Franklin County, North Carolina, United States. It is located northeast of Louisburg, at an elevation of 397 feet (121 m). The primary cross roads where the community is located are Alert Road (SR 1407), Pete Smith Road (SR 1412) and Alert-Gold Sand Road (SR 1407).

Louisburg, North Carolina
Louisburg is a town in and the county seat of Franklin County, North Carolina,  United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,064. The town is located approximately 29 miles northeast of the state capital, Raleigh, and located about 31 miles south of the Virginia border. It is also the home of Louisburg College, the oldest two-year coeducational college in the United States.
Camp Cherokee
Camp Cherokee may be:

Cherokee Council Explorer Base

Cherokee Scout Reservation

Camp Cherokee (Connecticut)

Camp Cherokee (North Carolina)

Camp Cherokee (Oklahoma)

Camp Cherokee (Tennessee)

Camp Cherokee (Texas)

Circle Ten Council
Circle Ten Council is a Scouting America chartered council in central north Texas and a portion of Oklahoma.  It encompasses all or parts of: Camp, Collin, Dallas, Delta, Ellis, Fannin, Franklin, Grayson, Henderson, Hopkins, Hunt, Kaufman, Lamar, Morris, Navarro, Rains, Red River, Rockwall, Titus, and Van Zandt counties in Texas as well as Bryan, Choctaw, McCurtain, and Pushmataha counties in Oklahoma.  Founded in 1913 and based in Dallas, approximately 32,000 youth and 8,600 adults (as of 2024) participate in Scouting through the council each year. The council has four camps - Camp Wisdom, Camp James Ray, Clements Scout Ranch / Camp Trevor Rees-Jones and Camp Constantin / Jack D. Furst Aquatics Base.  The Order of the Arrow is represented by Mikanakawa Lodge.
Ratschiller
Ratschiller is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andreas Ratschiller (born 1983), Austrian ice hockey player

Ludwig-Karl Ratschiller (1921–2004), Italian anti-Nazi partisan

Marco Ratschiller, Editor in Chief of Nebelspalter

Tobias Ratschiller, founder of the software company Maguma and original author of phpMyAdmin

Nebelspalter
The Nebelspalter is a Swiss satirical magazine, which also has a political orientation in its online platform. It was founded in 1875 by Jean Nötzli of Zurich as an "illustrated humorous political weekly." The magazine was modelled on British magazine Punch. It continued being a satirical magazine until the takeover and relaunch of the magazine by Markus Somm, though has been a monthly since late 1996. When Punch ceased publication in 2002, Nebelspalter became the oldest continually published humor magazine in the world.
Rufous trident bat
The rufous trident bat, Persian trident bat, or triple nose-leaf bat (Triaenops persicus) is a species of bat in the genus Triaenops. It occurs in southwestern Pakistan, southern Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Yemen. In the last country, it occurs together with the much smaller Triaenops parvus. Populations from Madagascar and mainland Africa have also been assigned to T. persicus, but are referable to the species Triaenops menamena and Triaenops afer, respectively. Madagascar populations have also been referred to as Triaenops rufus, but this name is a synonym of T. persicus.

Findings from a study incorporating morphological data and echolocation calls have suggested that populations in the Rift Valley in Kenya (Nakuru, Baringo, and Pokot counties), previously believed to be Triaenops afer, are actually populations of T. persicus, although with some differentiation from the Middle Eastern populations in terms of both cranial morphology and vocalisations.

West Pokot County
West Pokot County is a county in Kenya. Its capital and largest town is Kapenguria, its area is approximately 9,169.4 square kilometers and it measures 132 kilometers from north to south.

West Pokot County is bordered to the north by Turkana County, to the east by Baringo County, to the southeast by Elgeyo-Marakwet County, to the south by Trans Nzoia County and to the west by Uganda. According to the 2019 census, the county has a population of 621,241.

The county is home to Tegla Loroupe, one of the most famous Kenyan female runners, and the birthplace of Israeli Olympic marathon runner Lonah Chemtai Salpeter.
QP (framework)
QP (Quantum Platform) is a family of open source real-time embedded frameworks (RTEFs) and runtime environments based on active objects (actors) and hierarchical state machines (UML statecharts). The QP family consists of the lightweight QP/C and QP/C++ frameworks, written in C (C99) and C++ (C++11), respectively.

Run-to-completion scheduling
Run-to-completion scheduling or nonpreemptive scheduling is a scheduling model in which each task runs until it either finishes, or explicitly yields control back to the scheduler. Run-to-completion systems typically have an event queue which is serviced either in strict order of admission by an event loop, or by an admission scheduler which is capable of scheduling events out of order, based on other constraints such as deadlines.

Some preemptive multitasking scheduling systems behave as run-to-completion schedulers in regard to scheduling tasks at one particular process priority level, at the same time as those processes still preempt other lower priority tasks and are themselves preempted by higher priority tasks.
1967–68 Bulgarian Cup
The 1967–68 Bulgarian Cup was the 28th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Spartak Sofia won the competition for the first and only time, beating Beroe Stara Zagora 3–2 after extra time in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium.

FC Spartak Sofia
FC Spartak Sofia (Bulgarian: ФК Спартак София) was a Bulgarian football club based in Sofia, Bulgaria. The club was officially founded in 1947.  The team plays in the Bulgarian Regional Division.  The club's home colours are blue and white. Spartak's home ground is Rakovski Stadium with a capacity of 5,000 spectators.

The club is founded after the merging of Rakovski and FK-13 (both Sofia clubs) in 1947. In the same year they are merged with FC Yunak.  It existed independently until 22 January 1969, when it was merged into Levski Sofia.  After 1985 the club's independence has been restored.

The team won the Bulgarian Cup in 1968 and came second in the Bulgarian Championship in 1951 and 1952.
Laniarius
Laniarius is a genus of brightly coloured, carnivorous passerine birds commonly known as boubous or gonoleks. Not to be confused with the similar-sounding genus Lanius, they were formerly classed with the true shrikes in the family Laniidae, but they and related genera are now considered sufficiently distinctive to be separated from that group as the bush-shrike family Malaconotidae.

This is an African group of species which are found in scrub or open woodland. They are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black. Some species are also quite secretive.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
South Carolina School for the Deaf and the Blind
The South Carolina School for the Deaf and the Blind is a school in unincorporated Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States, near Spartanburg and with a Spartanburg postal address. It was founded in 1849 by the Reverend Newton Pinckney Walker as a private school for students who were deaf. The School for the Blind was established in 1855, and the school became state funded in 1856.

Previously students were under de jure educational segregation in the United States with black students separate. In 1967 the school racially integrated.

The School for the Multihandicapped was established in 1977, and the school began providing outreach services in the mid-1980s.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Scouting and Guiding in Uruguay
The Scout and Guide movement in Uruguay is served by

Asociación Guías Scout del Uruguay, former member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Movimiento Scout del Uruguay, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Scouts de Uruguay

Asociación Uruguaya de Escultismo

Conquistadores de la Iglesia Adventista, affiliated to Pathfinders

Union de Scouts Tradicionales de America Uruguay, member of the Order of World Scouts

Order of World Scouts
The Order of World Scouts (OWS), founded in 1911, is the oldest international Scout organisation.  It is headquartered in England and has an administration headquarters in Italy.

As of November 2008, the Order of World Scouts includes member associations in 14 countries – the United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, Peru, Jamaica, as well as two associations each for Poland, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and three associations in Mexico, Ukraine and Nepal, Uganda, Honduras and the United States (United States Trailblazers).
Confucian ritual religion
Confucian ritual religion (s 礼教, t 禮教 Lǐjiào, "rites' transmission", also called 名教 Míngjiào, the "names' transmission"), or the Confucian civil religion, defines the civil religion of China. It consists of the state-endorsed ceremonies and sacrifices (cults), held according to Confucian modalities, dedicated to the Gods which represent the theologico-political origin of the state itself and the Chinese civilisation. These rituals have undergone a great revitalisation in post-Maoist China, creating a public space in which the Chinese state and popular Confucian movements jostle and negotiate with each other.

Worship of cosmological gods and of Confucius, is carried out regularly at consecrated public spaces.

Cult (religious practice)
Cult is the care (Latin: cultus) owed to deities or saints and their temples, shrines, or churches; cult is embodied in ritual and ceremony. Its presence or former presence is made concrete in temples, shrines and churches, and cult images, including votive offerings at votive sites.
Placer, Oregon
Placer is an unincorporated community in Josephine County, Oregon, United States, on Grave Creek a few miles east of Interstate 5. Established during the local gold mining boom, it is considered a ghost town.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
1985 Labatt Brier
The 1985 Labatt Brier, the Canadian national men's curling championship was held from March 3 to 10 at the Moncton Coliseum in Moncton, New Brunswick. A total of 65,475 people attended the event. As of 2025, this is the most recent Brier that New Brunswick has hosted.

Team Northern Ontario, skipped by Al Hackner defeated Alberta's Pat Ryan to win his second Brier title.

Al Hackner
Allan A. Hackner (born July 18, 1954), nicknamed "the Iceman", is a retired Canadian Hall of Fame curler from Thunder Bay, Ontario. He was born in Nipigon, Ontario. He is a two-time Brier and World Champion skip.  He is of Ojibwa descent and is a member of the Red Rock Indian Band. He is currently a member of USA Curling's High Performance Program Coaching staff.