hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plantago subnuda
Plantago subnuda is a species of plantain known by the common name tall coastal plantain. It is native to western North America from the west coast of the United States to west-central Mexico, where it grows in wet and moist habitat types, often in coastal areas, such as marshland. It is a perennial herb producing few oval leaves around a thick caudex. The broad smooth-edged or slightly toothed leaves may be up to 40 centimeters long. The stemlike inflorescences grow erect to a maximum height near half a meter. Atop the peduncle of the inflorescence is a dense cylindrical spike of many tiny flowers. Each flower has a corolla of ephemeral petals about 3 millimeters long.

Caudex
A caudex (pl.: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.

In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem; examples include palms, ferns, and cycads. The largest of all caudices is that of the ombu (Phytolacca dioica) of the Pampas of South America, which can reach up to 14 metres girth.

The related term caudiciform, literally meaning stem-like, is sometimes used to mean pachycaul, thick-stemmed. Caudices should not be confused with lignotubers which can also be very large.
A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God" (originally written in German with the title "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott") is one of the best known hymns by the Protestant Reformer Martin Luther, a prolific hymnwriter. Luther wrote the words and composed the hymn tune between 1527 and 1529. It has been translated into English at least seventy times and also into many other languages.  The words are mostly original, although the first line paraphrases that of Psalm 46.

Protestant Reformers
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.

Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.
Oxana Bratisheva
Oxana Alexandrovna Bratisheva (Russian: Оксана Александровна Братищева, romanized: Oksana Aleksandrovna Bratyshcheva; born 5 June 2000) is a Russian ice hockey player and member of the Russian national ice hockey team, currently playing in the Zhenskaya Hockey League (ZhHL) with SKIF Nizhny Novgorod.

She represented Russia at the 2019 IIHF Women's World Championship and represented the Russian Olympic Committee at the 2021 IIHF Women's World Championship.

Zhenskaya Hockey League
The Zhenskaya Hockey League or ZhHL (Russian: Женская хоккейная лига, romanized: Zhenskaya khokkeynaya liga, lit. 'Women's Hockey League'), officially called the Women's Hockey League (WHL), is a professional ice hockey league in Russia, currently comprising eight teams. The league is also known as the PariMatch Women's Hockey League for sponsorship reasons.

The league was founded via a joint partnership of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) and the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia (FHR) on 19 June 2015. It replaced the Russian Women's Hockey League (RWHL), which had been founded in 1995 and was operated by the FHR alone.
Amorosa visione
Amorosa visione (1342, revised c. 1365) is a narrative poem by Boccaccio, full of echoes of the Divine Comedy and consisting of 50 canti in terza rima. It tells of a dream in which the poet sees, in sequence, the triumphs of Wisdom, Earthly Glory, Wealth, Love, all-destroying Fortune (and her servant Death), and thereby becomes worthy of the now heavenly love of Fiammetta. The triumphs include mythological, classical and contemporary medieval figures. Their moral, cultural and historical architecture was without precedent, and led Petrarch to create his own Trionfi on the same model. Among contemporaries Giotto and Dante stand out, the latter being celebrated above any other artist, ancient or modern.

Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (/ˈpɛtrɑːrk, ˈpiːt-/; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Latin: Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Italian: Francesco Petrarca [franˈtʃesko peˈtrarka]), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest humanists.

Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch was later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca.

Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".
Robert Tillman Hampton
Robert Tillman Hampton (1870-1956) was a politician in the state of Georgia.

Hampton was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives for Fannin County (1931, 1935, 1937-37/38 Ex., 1945,45 Ex.-46, 1947).

Hampton was the parent of Hayden Wilburn Hampton, another member of the Georgia House of Representatives and of the Georgia State Senate.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Passin' Thru (James Gang album)
Passin' Thru is the fifth studio album by James Gang, released in October 1972, and their final album released on ABC Records (catalog no. ABCX 760). The band moved to Atco Records the next year.

This album is the last James Gang recording featuring guitarist Domenic Troiano, who was replaced by Tommy Bolin.

The scene shown on the album's cover is of the 100 block of East Main Avenue in Bismarck, North Dakota in the 1880s. The large building in the background still stands.

Atco Records
ATCO Records is an American record label founded in 1955. It is owned by Warner Music Group and operates as an imprint of Atlantic Records. After several decades of dormancy and infrequent activity under alternating Warner Music labels, the company was relaunched by Atlantic Records in early 2020.
The Great Canadian Baking Show season 2
The second season of The Great Canadian Baking Show premiered on CBC Television on September 19, 2018. Ten amateur bakers competed over eight weeks of challenges throughout the competition for the title. Canadian actor and television personality Dan Levy and Canadian-British actress Julia Chan returned as hosts, with French-born Canadian chef Bruno Feldeisen and Canadian-Australian pastry chef Rochelle Adonis also returning as judges. For the second season, producer Marike Emery stated that the audition process prioritized "skill over personality" and that the tasks would be more challenging than the first season.

After eight weeks of competition, Andrei Godoroja was crowned the winner with Sachin Seth and Megan Stasiewich as runners-up.

This was also the last season for hosts Dan Levy and Julia Chan, as well as judge Rochelle Adonis.

Bruno Feldeisen
Bruno Feldeisen (born  1964 or 1965) is a French chef, restaurateur and television personality. He is current executive chef at the Semiahmoo Resort near Blaine, Washington and a judge for The Great Canadian Baking Show on CBC Television. Aside from his work as a chef, Feldeisen is a spokesman for the mental health advocacy group Anxiety Canada.

He is the former executive pastry chef for the Four Seasons Hotel New York in New York City and Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver in Vancouver. Feldeisen is also a former instructor at the Pacific Institute of Culinary Arts and a multiple James Beard Award nominee.
1960 Cypriot by-elections
By-elections were held in Cyprus on 25 September 1960 to fill four vacant seats in the 50-member House of Representatives. They were the first legislative by-elections ever held in the Republic of Cyprus. One candidate was elected unopposed, with voting only needed for three seats.

Limassol District
The Limassol District, simply known as Limassol or Lemesos, is one of the six districts of Cyprus. As of 2021, it had a population of 262,238, 75,7% of which was urban The district's capital city is Limassol. Part of the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia forms an enclave on the Akrotiri Peninsula, under the sovereignty of the SBA (Sovereign Base Areas Administration).
Magna Carta Records
Magna Carta Records is an independent record label located in East Rochester, New York. Magna Carta was formed in 1989 and is owned by Peter Morticelli and his partner Mike Varney. The label, named for the 1215 English document advancing democracy, Magna Carta, has a diverse line-up consisting of musicians from many different genres, but is best known for many of its progressive rock/metal acts. Among the artists featured on the label are OHMphrey, Alex Skolnick Trio, Dave Martone, Kris Norris, and Doug Pinnick (of King's X).

East Rochester, New York
East Rochester is a coterminous town and village located southeast of the city of Rochester in Monroe County, New York, United States. The town and village was home to 6,334 people at the time of the 2020 United States census.
Buzat, Sterlibashevsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Buzat (Russian: Бузат; Bashkir: Буҙат, Buźat) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Buzatovsky Selsoviet, Sterlibashevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 722 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

Sterlibashevsky District
Sterlibashevsky District (Russian: Стерлиба́шевский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Стәрлебаш районы, Stärlebaş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Miyakinsky District in the north, Sterlitamaksky District in the northeast and east, Meleuzovsky District in the southeast, Fyodorovsky District in the south, and with Orenburg Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 1,609 square kilometers (621 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Sterlibashevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 20,217, with the population of Sterlibashevo accounting for 29.3% of that number.
Birmingham Hall Green
Birmingham Hall Green was a parliamentary constituency in the city of Birmingham, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2019 to 2024 by Tahir Ali of the Labour Party. Under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was abolished and replaced by the new constituency of Birmingham Hall Green and Moseley with minor boundary changes. It was first contested at the 2024 general election, with Ali being re-elected for the new seat.

It was a safe seat for Labour, having the twelfth-largest majority in the UK (by percentage) with a vote share for Labour of 77.6% and majority of 62.5%, as of 2017. This is compared to only a 32.9% share of the vote and 7.8% majority that Labour achieved in 2010.

Safe seat
A safe seat is an electoral district which is regarded as fully secure, for either a certain political party, or the incumbent representative personally or a combination of both. With such seats, there is very little chance of a seat changing hands because of the political leanings of the electorate in the constituency concerned or the popularity of the incumbent member. This contrasts with a marginal seat in which a defeat for the seat holder is considered possible. In systems where candidates must first win the party's primary election or preselection, the phrase "tantamount to election" is often used to describe winning the dominant party's nomination for a safe seat.
Sekhemkare Amenemhat Senebef
Sekhemkare Amenemhat Senebef (also Sonbef, Amenemhat Senbef; Senebef) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the early 13th Dynasty, often considered as the final part of the late Middle Kingdom or early Second Intermediate Period.

Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII).

Dynasty XIII initially ruled from the Nile Delta to the second cataract of the Nile. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with the Canaanite Dynasty XIV rising concurrently and the Hyksos Dynasty XV taking control shortly after.

Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep is usually considered Dynasty XIII's first pharaoh, and Merneferre Ay, while not the final pharaoh, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of Itjtawy, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign.
United States federal register of greenhouse gas emissions
The United States federal register of greenhouse gas emissions is established by the United States Department of Energy under the Energy Policy Act 1992. It is administered by the Energy Information Administration through the Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program.

Separately, the Environmental Protection Agency in 2009 commenced implementing a mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, which applies to facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more per year.

Energy Information Administration
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is a principal agency of the U.S. federal statistical system responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. EIA programs cover data on coal, petroleum, natural gas, electric, renewable and nuclear energy. EIA is part of the U.S. Department of Energy.
2014 Knox County, Tennessee mayoral election
The 2014 Knox County mayoral election was held on August 7, 2014, to determine the mayor of Knox County, Tennessee. Incumbent Republican mayor Tim Burchett ran for re-election and was unopposed in both the primary and the general election since no other candidate filed to run against him.

Burchett was sworn into his second term on September 2, 2014.

General election
A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. General elections typically occur at regular intervals as mandated by a country's constitution or electoral laws, and may include elections for a legislature and sometimes other positions such as a directly elected president. In many jurisdictions, general elections can coincide with other electoral events such as local, regional, or supranational elections. For example, on 25 May 2014, Belgian voters simultaneously elected their national parliament, 21 members of the European Parliament, and regional parliaments.

In the United States, "general election" has a slightly different, but related meaning: the ordinary electoral competition following the selection of candidates in the primary election.
Nepali Bhutia Lepcha
NEBULA was a political party in the Indian state of Sikkim. NEBULA stands for Nepali Bhutia Lepcha, the three largest ethnic groups in the state.

NEBULA was founded in 1999 when the former Deputy Chief Minister of Sikkim, P.T. Lucksom, was expelled from Sikkim Democratic Front. NEBULA joined the Sikkim United Democratic Alliance (SUDA) in 2004. Lucksom represented NEBULA in the ad-hoc committee of SUDA.

S.W. Laden La first coined the word "NeBuLa". He was also concerned with communal harmony among Nepali, Bhutia and Lepcha. Under the advice of concerned citizen of then Darjeeling, he was able to form a Union called Hill Peoples’ Social Union in 1934. Later the Union was famous for the motto "NeBuLa".

In 2013, NEBULA merged with Trinamool Congress.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Trevarno, Livermore, California
Trevarno is a section of Livermore, Alameda County, California, built by a Cornish company, based at Trevarno, near Helston, manufacturing safety fuses. It is between First Street and the railroad and lies at an elevation of 535 feet (163 m). Trevarno is Cornish and means "farm/settlement of Varno". For more information, see Cornish surnames. Officials of Coast Manufacturing and Supply Company in Livermore named the area after George Bickford's home in Cornwall. The company made safety fuses invented by William Bickford, George's father.

Alameda County, California
Alameda County (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də) is located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street".  The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees.

Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.
William Leo Hansberry
William Leo Hansberry (February 25, 1894 – November 3, 1965) was an  American scholar, lecturer and pioneering Afrocentrist. He was the older brother of real estate broker Carl Augustus Hansberry, uncle of award-winning playwright Lorraine Hansberry and great-granduncle of actress Taye Hansberry.

Dillard University
Dillard University is a private, historically black university in New Orleans, Louisiana. Founded in 1930 and incorporating earlier institutions founded as early as 1869 after the American Civil War, it is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the United Methodist Church.
Stiftsgården
63°25′54″N 10°23′42″E﻿ / ﻿63.43167°N 10.39500°E﻿ / 63.43167; 10.39500

Stiftsgården is the royal residence in Trondheim, Norway. It is centrally situated on the city’s most important thoroughfare, Munkegaten. At 140 rooms constituting 4000 m² (43000 ft²), it is one of the largest wooden buildings in Northern Europe, and it has been used by royalty and their guests since 1800.

Oscar I of Sweden
Oscar I (born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte; 4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859) was King of Sweden and Norway from 8 March 1844 until his death. He was the second monarch of the House of Bernadotte.

The only child of King Charles XIV John, Oscar inherited the thrones upon the death of his father. Throughout his reign he would pursue a liberal course in politics in contrast to Charles XIV John, instituting reforms and improving ties between Sweden and Norway. In an address to him in 1857, the Riksdag declared that he had promoted the material prosperity of the kingdom more than any of his predecessors.
Simone Ercoli (tennis)
Simone Ercoli is a former tennis player from Italy who won a bronze medal at the 1983 Mediterranean Games.

After retiring from the sport, he has been the coach of fellow countrymen Simone Bolelli and Federico Gaio, among others.

1983 Mediterranean Games
The IX Mediterranean Games (Arabic: ألعاب البحر الأبيض المتوسط 1983), commonly known as the 1983 Mediterranean Games, were the 9th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Casablanca, Morocco, from 3 to 17 September 1983, where 2,192 athletes (1,845 men and 347 women) from 16 countries participated. There were a total of 162 medal events from 20 different sports.
1978 United Bank Tennis Classic – Singles
The 1976 United Bank Tennis Classic – Singles was an event of the 1976 United Bank Tennis Classic men's tennis tournament and was played on indoor carpet courts in Denver, Colorado in the United States, between February 20 and February 26, 1978. The draw comprised 32 players and eight of them were seeded. Björn Borg was the defending singles champion but did not compete in this edition. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the United Bank Tennis Classic singles title by defeating fifth-seeded Stan Smith in the final, 6–2, 7–6(7–2).

1976 United Bank Tennis Classic
The 1976 Denver WCT, also known as the 1976 United Bank Tennis Classic for sponsorship reasons, was a men's professional tennis tournament. It was held on indoor carpet courts in Denver, Colorado. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 19 April through 25 April 1976. The tournament was part of the 1976 World Championship Tennis circuit. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title and the accompanying $17,000 first prize.
Francis Adriano
Francis Adriano (born September 24, 1975) is a Filipino former professional basketball player. Drafted 6th overall by Sta. Lucia in 2001, he started his pro career with the now-defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association. He also played in the Philippine Basketball Association, ASEAN Basketball League, and Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League.

ASEAN Basketball League
The ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) was an international professional men's basketball league in Southeast Asia, composed of eight teams from Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), in addition to Hong Kong and Macau. Earlier teams have included Taiwan and Brunei. The league was proposed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and launched its inaugural season on 1 October 2009.
Mabille
Mabille is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexis Mabille (born 1977), French fashion designer

Jules François Mabille (1831−1904), French malacologist, biologist and zoologist

Jules Paul Mabille (1835–1923), French entomologist

Xavier Mabille (1933–2012), Belgian historian and political scientist

Xavier Mabille
Xavier Mabille (3 July 1933 – 24 December 2012) was a Belgian historian and political scientist. He served as President of the Belgium-based Centre de recherche et d'information socio-politiques (CRISP or Centre for Socio-Political Research) in Brussels. In the 1990s, he was a notable political commentator in Belgium. He was born in July 1933 in Anderlecht and died in December 2012 at the age of 79.