hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gabriel Sphrantzes
Gabriel Sphrantzes (Greek: Γαβριήλ Σφραντζῆς, fl. before 1280) was a Byzantine aristocrat and courtier.

Very little is known about him. He was possibly the son of Maria Sphrantzaina, daughter of John Petraliphas and a sister-in-law of Michael II Komnenos Doukas, Despot of Epirus. She was widowed in 1257 and then remarried, first to the governor of Arbanon Constantine Chabaron, and finally to Filippo Chinardo, the Sicilian admiral of Corfu. At some point he served as parakoimomenos of the great seal to Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259–1282), but was blinded by him sometime before 1280. He is last mentioned in that year, when he accompanied the emperor to Nicomedia, along with his cousin John Doukas.

Nicomedia
Nicomedia (/ˌnɪkəˈmiːdiə/; Greek: Νικομήδεια, Nikomedeia; modern İzmit) was an ancient Greek city located in what is now Turkey. In 286 AD, Nicomedia became the eastern and most senior capital city of the Roman Empire (chosen by the emperor Diocletian who ruled in the east), a status which the city maintained during the Tetrarchy system (293–324 AD).

The Tetrarchy ended with the Battle of Chrysopolis (Üsküdar) in 324 AD, when the western Roman emperor Constantine the Great defeated Licinius and became the sole emperor. In 330 AD, Constantine chose for himself the nearby Byzantium (which was renamed Constantinople, modern Istanbul) as the new capital of the Roman Empire.

The city was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the victory of Sultan Orhan Gazi against the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines managed to retake it in the aftermath of the Battle of Ankara, but it fell definitively to the Ottomans in 1419 AD.
Hypostomus vaillanti
Hypostomus vaillanti is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Preto River basin in the São Francisco River drainage. The species reaches 18.5 cm (7.3 inches) SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Preto River (Bahia, Grande River tributary)
The Preto River, a tributary of the Rio Grande, is a river of Bahia state in eastern Brazil.

The river basin includes part of the 707,079 hectares (1,747,230 acres) Serra Geral do Tocantins Ecological Station, a strictly protected conservation unit created in 2001 to preserve an area of cerrado.
Main Street Historic District (Buffalo, Wyoming)
The Main Street Historic District of Buffalo, Wyoming, also known as Buffalo Main Street Historic District, is a 5-acre (2.0 ha) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.  The district included 12 contributing buildings.

According to its NRHP nomination, the district is "associated with and representative of the chain of events removal of Indian control, homesteading, cattle ranching and agricultural development, foreign investments, the tourist industry and mineral development which have made significant contributions to the broad patterns of Johnson County and Wyoming history."

Johnson County, Wyoming
Johnson County is a county in the north central part of the U.S. state of Wyoming. At the 2020 United States census, the population was 8,447. The county seat is Buffalo. Kaycee is the only other incorporated town in the county. Johnson County lies to the southeast of the Bighorn Mountains along Interstate 25 and Interstate 90. The Powder River flows northward through eastern Johnson County.
Dielectric thermal analysis
Dielectric thermal analysis (DETA), or dielectric analysis (DEA), is a materials science technique similar to dynamic mechanical analysis except that an oscillating electrical field is used instead of a mechanical force. For investigation of the curing behavior of thermosetting resin systems, composite materials, adhesives and paints, Dielectric Analysis (DEA) can be used in accordance with ASTM E 2038 or E 2039. The great advantage of DEA is that it can be employed not only on a laboratory scale, but also in process.

Curing (chemistry)
Curing is a chemical process employed in polymer chemistry and process engineering that produces the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains.  Even if it is strongly associated with the production of thermosetting polymers, the term "curing" can be used for all the processes where a solid product is obtained from a liquid solution, such as with PVC plastisols.
Ana, mon amour
Ana, mon amour is a 2017 Romanian drama film directed by Călin Peter Netzer. It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition of the 67th Berlin International Film Festival. Editor Dana Bunescu received the Silver Bear for Outstanding Artistic Contribution.

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.
Halfbreed (book)
Halfbreed (sometimes known as Half-Breed) is a memoir by Maria Campbell, published by McClelland and Stewart in 1973. The book details Campbell's life growing up Métis in Saskatchewan.

The memoir has gone though several reprints, re-published most recently in 2019. This latest edition including a previously removed chapter, which detailed Campbell being sexually assaulted by an RCMP officer.

An adaptation of the book by Berkley Brady, the director of the 2022 Canadian horror film Dark Nature, is in the works.

Dark Nature (2022 film)
Dark Nature is a 2022 Canadian horror film written and directed by Berkley Brady in her directorial debut. It stars Hannah Emily Anderson, Helen Belay, Madison Walsh, Roseanne Supernault and Kyra Harper.
Moscow Big Ring Road
The Moscow Big Ring Road (Russian: Московское большое кольцо), designated as A108, is a Russian federal highway with a length of 547 km (340 mi).

It is located in the Moscow, Kaluga and Vladimir Oblasts, passing through the cities of Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Likino-Dulyovo, Kurovskoye, Voskresensk, Balabanovo, Ruza, Klin and Dmitrov. The highway forms a large transport circle, in the center of which is Moscow.

Ruza, Ruzsky District, Moscow Oblast
Ruza (Russian: Ру́за) is a town and the administrative center of Ruzsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Ruza River (a tributary of the Moskva River) 100 kilometers (62 mi) west of Moscow.  Population:  13,495 (2010 Census); 13,516 (2002 Census); 14,643 (1989 Soviet census).
Uzbek Napramach
Uzbek Napramach is a type of rug that was made primarily in Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Napramach is the Uzbek word for a small bag and the rug is typically used as a mat to sit upon. In use they are very similar to the Balisht of the Baluch or the Pushti used in Iran. It shows a resemblance to the Yastik rug of Turkey.

The Uzbek Napramach was used particularly by nomads in the mountains of Uzbekistan used as a cushion due to its thick texture as well as a mat.

Baloch people
The Baloch people or the Balochs are an Iranian nomadic pastoral ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Balochi language and are native to the Balochistan region of South and West Asia, occupying parts of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. There are also Baloch diaspora communities in neighbouring regions, including in Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula.

The majority of the Baloch reside within Pakistan. About 50% of the total Baloch population live in the Pakistani province of Balochistan, while 40% are settled in Sindh and a significant albeit smaller number resides in the Pakistani Punjab. They make up 3.6% of Pakistan's total population, 2% of Iran's population, and around 0.5%–1% of the population of Afghanistan, and the largest non-Arab community in Oman.
Mount Tempü
Mount Tempü/Mount Esii is a peak of the Barail Range rising at the mountainous border of the Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland. With a height of 2994 m above sea level, Tempü known by the people residing in Nagaland and Mt Esii by the people from Manipur is the highest peak of Manipur and the second highest peak in the Barail Range.

Barail Range
The Barail Range is a tertiary mountain range in Northeast India with an area of approximately 80,000 ha between Brahmaputra and Barak basins stretching from Nagaland & Manipur to the east and Assam & Meghalaya to the west.

Highest Peak is Mount Japfü (3,048 m) in Nagaland. Other notable peaks are Laike (1,959 m), Theipibung (1,866m), Mahadevi (1,739m) and Kaukaha (1,736m).
Ionocyte
An ionocyte (formerly called a chloride cell) is a mitochondrion-rich cell within ionoregulatory organs of animals, such as teleost fish gill, insect Malpighian tubules, crustacean gills, antennal glands and maxillary glands, and copepod Crusalis organs. These cells contribute to the maintenance of optimal osmotic, ionic, and acid-base levels within metazoans. In aquatic invertebrates, ionocytes perform the functions of both ion uptake and ion excretion. In marine teleost fish, by expending energy to power the enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase and in coordination with other protein transporters, ionocytes pump excessive sodium and chloride ions against the concentration gradient into the ocean. Conversely, freshwater teleost ionocytes use this low intracellular environment to attain sodium and chloride ions into the organism, and also against the concentration gradient. In larval fishes with underdeveloped / developing gills, ionocytes can be found on the skin and fins.

Fick's laws of diffusion
Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were first posited by Adolf Fick in 1855 on the basis of largely experimental results. They can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, D. Fick's first law can be used to derive his second law, which in turn is identical to the diffusion equation.

Fick's first law: Movement of particles from high to low concentration (diffusive flux) is directly proportional to the particle's concentration gradient.

Fick's second law: Prediction of change in concentration gradient with time due to diffusion.

A diffusion process that obeys Fick's laws is called normal or Fickian diffusion; otherwise, it is called anomalous diffusion or non-Fickian diffusion.
Vibrations per hour
Vibrations per hour or beats per hour (vph, VPH, bph, BPH) is a mechanical timepiece specification. It is used to express the frequency of a watch movement.

VPH describes the number of times that a vibrating timekeeping component completes half a vibration cycle every hour (counting the balance wheel's back and forth movement separately, as each produces a forward movement in the escape wheel).

In contrast, when measuring the same frequency in Hertz, it describes the number of times that the component completes a whole vibration cycle in a second (counting pairs of forward movement in the escape wheel).  The frequency in Hertz can therefore be multiplied by 7,200 (2 ticks × 60 seconds × 60 minutes) to determine the frequency in VPH.

A higher frequency is a higher timekeeping resolution, and usually indicates a higher precision mechanical movement. This allows a faster recovery from being knocked or bumped, with the tradeoff being a faster accumulation of wear and tear.

Temporal resolution
Temporal resolution (TR) refers to the discrete resolution of a measurement with respect to time. It is defined as the amount of time needed to revisit and acquire data for exactly the same location. When applied to remote sensing, this amount of time is influenced by the sensor platform's orbital characteristics and the features of the sensor itself. The temporal resolution is low when the revisiting delay is high and vice-versa. Temporal resolution is typically expressed in days.
Jiří Zídek Sr.
Jiří Zídek Sr. (8 February 1944 – 21 May 2022) was a Czech professional basketball player and coach. At 2.06 metres (6 ft 9 in) tall, Zídek was a talented center who was named the Best Czech Player of the 20th Century, and was the Czechoslovak League's all-time leading scorer. He was also among the 105 nominees to the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors list. His son, Jiří "George" Zídek Jr., also won the EuroLeague title with Žalgiris, in 1999. To this day, they are the only father and son to have reached a EuroLeague title game as players. In 2019, he became the first Czech to be inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame.

50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors (2008)
The 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors (2008) of FIBA European Champions Cup and EuroLeague history were awarded and chosen on February 3, 2008, in Madrid, Spain. The occasion was the fiftieth anniversary since the founding of the inaugural season of the FIBA European Champions Cup, which is officially recognized as the predecessor of today's modern EuroLeague competition, which is the premier level men's basketball league in Europe.

The list was made up of 35 players, 10 coaches, and 5 referees that were deemed to have contributed the most to the growth of the EuroLeague. It also included other nominees for each category. All together, 105 players, 20 coaches, and 12 referees in total were nominated.
Narok East Constituency
Narok East is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies of Narok County. The constituency was established for the 2013 elections. Since the 2013 Kenyan General Elections, Hon. Lemanken Aramat has represented the constituency in the Kenyan National Assembly. In 2017, Aramat won re-election as a member of the Jubilee Party.

National Assembly (Kenya)
The National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya (formerly House of Representatives) is one of the two Houses of the Parliament of Kenya. Between 1966 and 2013, it served as a unicameral house. In 2013 (11th Parliament), it became the lower house when the Senate was reestablished.

It has a total of 349 seats: 290 elected from the constituencies, 47 women elected from the counties and 12 nominated representatives. The Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya serves as an ex officio member.

The High Court of Kenya ordered lawmakers to introduce gender quotas, or face dissolution in the mid-2010s, following the implementation of the 2010 Constitution.
Pyrenula aurantioinspersa
Pyrenula aurantioinspersa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. The species was described in 2013 from a specimen collected on a tree trunk in the Venezuelan Andes near Mérida at an elevation of about 1,600 meters. It is distinguished by its thick, yellowish-grey thallus and unusual orange oil droplets in the tissue between its spore sacs, which turn green when treated with alkaline solution. As of 2021, this lichen remains known only from its original collection site in Venezuela.

Pyrenulaceae
The Pyrenulaceae are a family of mostly lichenized fungi in the order Pyrenulales. The family was circumscribed by the German botanist Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1870. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in the tropics, where they grow with green algae on bark.
Love The Wine You're With
Love The Wine You're With is a 2017 romantic comedy novel by American writer Kim Gruenenfelder. The book follows three friends who decide to open a wine bar in the Echo Park neighborhood of Los Angeles.

Echo Park
Echo Park is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. Located to the northwest of Downtown, it is bordered by Silver Lake to the west and Chinatown to the east. The culturally diverse neighborhood has become known for its trendy local businesses, as well as its popularity with artists, musicians and creatives. The neighborhood is centered on the eponymous Echo Park Lake.
Evidence-based education
Evidence-based education (EBE) is the principle that education practices should be based on the best available scientific evidence, with randomised trials as the gold standard of evidence, rather than tradition, personal judgement, or other influences. Evidence-based education is related to evidence-based teaching, evidence-based learning, and school effectiveness research.

The evidence-based education movement has its roots in the larger movement towards evidence-based practices, and has been the subject of considerable debate since the late 1990s. However, research published in 2020 showed that, despite absence of empirical evidence, belief is high amongst educators in teaching techniques such as matching instruction to a few supposed learning styles and the cone of learning.

Scientific evidence
Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, although scientists also use evidence in other ways, such as when applying theories to practical problems. Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific method. Standards for scientific evidence vary according to the field of inquiry, but the strength of scientific evidence is generally based on the results of statistical analysis and the strength of scientific controls.
Bulk temperature
In thermofluids dynamics, the bulk temperature, or the average bulk temperature in the thermal fluid, is a convenient reference point for evaluating properties related to convective heat transfer, particularly in applications related to flow in pipes and ducts.

The concept of the bulk temperature is that adiabatic mixing of the fluid from a given cross section of the duct will result in some equilibrium temperature that accurately reflects the average temperature of the moving fluid, more so than a simple average like the film temperature.

Duct (flow)
Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air. Ducts commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air. As such, air ducts are one method of ensuring acceptable indoor air quality as well as thermal comfort.

A duct system is also called ductwork. Planning (laying out), sizing, optimizing, detailing, and finding the pressure losses through a duct system is called duct design.
KSNT
KSNT (channel 27) is a television station in Topeka, Kansas, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside low-power, Class A Fox affiliate KTMJ-CD (channel 43); Nexstar also provides certain services to dual ABC affiliate/de facto CW+ owned-and-operated station KTKA-TV (channel 49) under joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Vaughan Media, LLC. The stations share studios on Northwest 25th Street (US 24), near the unincorporated community of Kiro (with a Topeka mailing address), where KSNT's transmitter is also located.

Shared services
Shared services is the provision of a service by one part of an organization or group where that service had previously been found in more than one part of the organization or group. Thus the funding and resourcing of the service is shared and the providing department effectively becomes an internal service provider. The key here is the idea of 'sharing' within an organization or group. This sharing needs to fundamentally include shared accountability of results by the unit from where the work is migrated to the provider. The provider, on the other hand, needs to ensure that the agreed results are delivered based on defined measures (KPIs, cost, quality etc.).
Novartis-Drew Award
The Novartis-Drew Award for Biomedical Research is an award jointly presented by Novartis and Drew University. It comprises a cash award (originally $2000) and a plaque. The award was initially created as the Ciba-Drew Award for Biomedical Research and renamed following the change of company name from Ciba-Geigy to Novartis in 1996.

Drew University
Drew University is a private university in Madison, New Jersey, United States. It has a wooded 186-acre (75 ha) campus. As of fall 2020, more than 2,200 students were pursuing degrees at the university's three schools. While affiliated with the Methodist faith, Drew University does not impose any religious requirements on its students.
Singularity (climate)
In meteorology, a singularity is a weather phenomenon likely to occur with reasonable regularity around a specific approximate calendar date, outside of more general seasonal weather patterns (e.g., that May Day is usually warmer than New Year's Day in northern locales). The existence of singularities is disputed, some considering them due to seeing patterns in noise and statistical artifacts from small samples.

In North America, the most significant purported singularities are January thaw (warmer weather around January 25) and Indian summer (warmer weather in mid-autumn).

More fanciful ones include the British tradition that rain on St. Swithun's Day (15 July) will be followed by forty days and nights of rain, and similar folk beliefs around Groundhog Day.

Noisy data
Noisy data are data that are corrupted, distorted, or have a low signal-to-noise ratio.  Improper procedures (or improperly documented procedures) to subtract out the noise in data can lead to a false sense of accuracy or false conclusions.

Noisy data are data with a large amount of additional meaningless information in them, known as noise.  This includes data corruption and the term is often used as a synonym for corrupt data. It also includes any data that a user system cannot understand and interpret correctly. Many systems, for example, cannot use unstructured text.

Noisy data can adversely affect the results of any data analysis and skew conclusions if not handled properly. Statistical analysis is sometimes used to weed the noise out of noisy data.
Atlas do Visconde de Santarém
The Atlas do Visconde de Santarém known sometimes in English as the Viscount of Santarém's world atlas, is an important compendium lithographic reproductions of medieval European maps and navigation charts.

There were three editions, all published in Paris: 1841, 1842–1844 with far fewer plates, and in 1849, the third edition and considered to be the best.  This edition contains 145 maps on 77 plates, arranged in 4 parts.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.