hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roger Tangri
Roger Tangri (born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1941) is a British as well as United States citizen. He is a political scientist and Africanist with an expertise in the politics of Ghana and Uganda.

Tangri has previously taught at the University of Botswana, the International Institute of Social Studies in The Hague, the US Foreign Service Institute, the University of Maryland, College Park, the School of International Service at the American University, Makerere University in Uganda, the National University of Lesotho, the University of Ghana, the American University in Cairo, the University of Malawi, the University of Zambia, the University of Sierra Leone, the University of Manchester in England, and the University of Nairobi.

National University of Lesotho
The National University of Lesotho, the main and oldest university in Lesotho, is located in Roma, 34 km (21 mi) southeast of Maseru, the capital of Lesotho. The Roma valley is broad and is surrounded by a barrier of rugged mountains which provides magnificent scenery. The university enjoys a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. The governing body of the university is the council and academic policy is in the hands of Senate, both Council and Senate being established by the Act.
Head injuries in the Australian Football League
Head injuries in the Australian Football League (AFL) is a controversial topic with many players sustaining head related injuries during the AFL season, some of these being caused by the players themselves "ducking" their heads in order to receive high contact which warrants a free kick. One of the most common forms of head injury sustained in the AFL is concussion, which will affect about 6-7 players per team, per season. The reason head injuries are a big concern is that they relate to an increased probability to developing forms of cognitive impairment such as; depression and dementia later in life.

Free kick (Australian rules football)
A free kick in Australian rules football is a penalty awarded by a field umpire to a player who has been infringed by an opponent or is the nearest player to a player from the opposite team who has broken a rule.
Red-cowled cardinal
The red-cowled cardinal (Paroaria dominicana) is a bird species in the tanager family (Thraupidae). It is not very closely related to the cardinals proper (Cardinalidae).

It is endemic to Brazil. It occurs in a wide range of dry to semi-humid open to semi-open habitats in north-eastern Brazil, especially the Caatinga region. It has been introduced (probably by means of escaped caged individuals) to Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, being locally common even in urban areas.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
Shtar
Shtar (Imperial Aramaic: שטר, "contract") is an Israeli Jewish rap rock band based in Beit Shemesh. Formed in 2006 by American rapper Ori Murray and English guitarist/songwriter Brad Rubinstein, the band released their debut album, Infinity, in Israel in 2010 and in the United States through Shemspeed Records in 2012. They have received considerable media attention, much of it focused on the contrast between their traditional Jewish dress and modern-sounding music. A second recording, Boss EP, was released through the band's own Heatseat Records in December 2012. In 2015, they were announced as contestants on the Israeli reality singing show HaKokhav HaBa.

Beit Shemesh
31°44′44″N 34°59′12″E﻿ / ﻿31.74556°N 34.98667°E﻿ / 31.74556; 34.98667

Beit Shemesh (Hebrew: בית שמש, lit. 'House of the Sun') is a city located approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Jerusalem in Israel's Jerusalem District. A center of Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodoxy, Beit Shemesh has a population of 167,318 as of 2023.

The city is named after and located near the remains of ancient Beth Shemesh, a biblical city of the territory of Judah.
Spheroid (lithic)
In archaeology, a spheroid is a piece of rock that has been shaped into a nearly spherical shape (spheroidal). Spheroids have been found at sites from as long ago as 1.8 million years. It is not known what their purpose was, but it has been speculated that they were used as projectiles in hunting. At one site (Ubeidiya prehistoric site near the Sea of Galilee, 1.4 million years old) around 600 baseball-sized spheroids of limestone, basalt, and flint have been found, and it has been demonstrated that they were not simply hand axes that became spherical through use, but were deliberately made as spheres.

Ubeidiya prehistoric site
Ubeidiya (Levantine Arabic: العبيدية, romanized: ʿUbeydiyye; Hebrew: עובידיה, romanized: Uvediya), some 3 km south of the Sea of Galilee, in the Jordan Rift Valley, Israel, is an archaeological site of the early Pleistocene, c. 1.5 million years ago, preserving traces of one of the earliest migrations of Homo erectus out of Africa, with (as of 2014) only the site of Dmanisi in Georgia being older. The site yielded hand axes of the Acheulean type, but very few human remains. The animal remains include a hippopotamus' femur bone, and an immensely large pair of horns belonging to a species of extinct bovid.

The site was discovered in 1959 and was first excavated between 1960 and 1974.

The site is distinct from nearby Tell Ubeidiya.
Raizo Matsuno
Raizo Matsuno (松野 頼三, Matsuno Raizō; 12 February 1917 – 10 May 2006) was a Japanese politician. Born in Yamaga, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture in 1917, Matsuno served in the Imperial Japanese Navy as an officer at the end of World War II as he was attending Naval Accounting School.

He successively held numerous offices in post-war Japan:

Director-General for the Prime Minister's Office from 1958 to 1959 under Nobusuke Kishi

Minister of Labor from 1959 to 1960 under Nobusuke Kishi

Director General of the Japan Defense Agency from 1965 to 1966 under Eisaku Satō

Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 1966 under Eisaku Satō

He was Chairman of the Policy Affairs Research Council at Liberal Democratic Party, Chairman of the Executive Council.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
Ahmad Taha Ghani
Ahmad Taha Ghani is a Pakistani actor, singer and model. He appeared in acclaimed television serials such as Parizaad and Jo Tu Chahey. He made his film debut with Hassan Rana's 2017 war-epic Yalghaar.

Parizaad
Parizaad (Urdu: پری‌زاد, lit. 'Fairy's child') is a Pakistani television series written by Hashim Nadeem, based on his novel of the same name, directed by Shahzad Kashmiri and produced by Momina Duraid Productions. It first started airing on Hum Television on 20 July 2021. The series stars Ahmed Ali Akbar in the title role alongside Yumna Zaidi, Ushna Shah, Nauman Ijaz, Mashal Khan, Urwa Hocane and Saboor Aly in prominent roles.

The last episode was aired in cinemas on 28 January 2022 and on television on 1 February 2022. The second season of the series is in development.

The series received critical acclaim with praise towards the script, direction, tackling the societal issues and Akbar's performance, who later won Best Actor and Best Actor Popular awards at 8th Hum Awards and Best TV Actor-Critics' choice at 21st Lux Style Awards. It also won Best TV Play and Best TV Writer award at the latter.
Macuga
Macuga (Polish: [maˈtsuga]) is a Polish surname. Mačuga (Slovak: [ˈmat͡ʃuɡa]) is a Slovak surname.

Notable people with the surname include:

Alli Macuga (born 2003), American freestyle skier

Goshka Macuga (born 1967), Polish-British artist

Lauren Macuga (born 2002), American ski racer

Sam Macuga (born 2001), American ski jumper

Lauren Macuga
Lauren Macuga (born July 4, 2002) is an American World Cup alpine ski racer on the US Ski Team who specializes in the speed events of downhill and super-G.

Macuga competed in the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics and made her World Cup debut in December 2021. She achieved her first World Cup victory in January 2025 and won the bronze medal in the super-G at the 2025 World Championships.
Passione (Andrea Bocelli album)
Passione is the fourteenth studio album by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, released on 29 January 2013. The album is a collection of Mediterranean love songs featuring duets with Jennifer Lopez, Nelly Furtado and a virtual duet with the late French cabaret singer Édith Piaf (who died in 1963). It was produced by multiple Grammy-winning producer and Verve Music Group Chairman David Foster, who co-produced Bocelli's 2006 Latin album Amore. A Spanish version of the album titled Pasión is set to be released through Universal Latino label.

Love Me Tender (song)
"Love Me Tender" is a 1956 ballad song recorded by Elvis Presley and published by "Elvis Presley Music" from the 20th Century Fox film of the same name. Lyrics are credited to "Vera Matson" (though the actual lyricist was her husband, Ken Darby). The melody is identical to the sentimental Civil War ballad "Aura Lea" (sometimes spelled "Aura Lee") by the Englishman George R. Poulton. The RCA Victor recording by Elvis Presley was No. 1 on both the Billboard and Cashbox charts in 1956.
K252a
K252a is an alkaloid isolated from Nocardiopsis bacteria.  This staurosporine analog is a highly potent cell permeable inhibitor of CaM kinase and phosphorylase kinase (IC50 = 1.8 and 1.7 nmol/L, respectively). At higher concentrations it is also an efficient inhibitor of serine/threonine protein kinases (IC50 of 10 to 30 nmol/L).

K252a is reported to promote myogenic differentiation in C2 mouse myoblasts and has been shown to block the neuronal differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells by inhibition of trk tyrosine kinase activity.

K252a has been reported in preclinical research as a potential treatment for psoriasis.

K252a inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of Trk A induced by NGF. PC12 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml NGF with or without various concentrations of K252a.

Kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase (/ˈkaɪneɪs, ˈkɪneɪs, -eɪz/) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups to substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation.  Typically ATP is the phosphate donor. Kinases are pervasive, the human genome codes for about 500 of these enzymes.

Kinases are part of the larger family of phosphotransferases. Kinases should not be confused with phosphorylases, which catalyze the addition of inorganic phosphate groups to an acceptor, nor with phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups (dephosphorylation). The phosphorylation state of a molecule, whether it be a protein, lipid or carbohydrate, can affect its activity, reactivity and its ability to bind other molecules. Therefore, kinases are critical in metabolism, cell signalling, protein regulation, cellular transport, secretory processes and many other cellular pathways, which makes them very important to physiology.
Bernauer
Bernauer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnes Bernauer (1410–1435), the commoner wife of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria

Anna Bernauer (born 1986), Luxembourgish figure skater who competed for her entire career for Luxembourg

David Bernauer, the former chairman and CEO of the pharmacy chain Walgreens

Rudolf Bernauer (1880–1953), Austrian lyricist, librettist, screenwriter, film director, producer, and actor

Vanessa Bernauer (born 1988), Swiss football midfielder

Vanessa Bernauer
Vanessa Bernauer (born 23 March 1988) is a Swiss former footballer who played as a midfielder.
She played for VfL Wolfsburg and BV Cloppenburg of the Frauen-Bundesliga, FC Zürich in Switzerland's Nationalliga A and Levante UD in Spain's Primera División.
Andrew Kidd
Andrew Kidd Hon. FRSL, is a British publisher, who has served as the CEO of the Arvon Foundation since 2019. He co-founded the Folio Prize in 2014, and serves as its chair. In 2023, he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

By 2002, Kidd was serving as the editorial director of Penguin Books, and a publisher for Picador, before being promoted to head Macmillan Publishers by 2006. By 2008, he was appointed managing director of Aitken Alexander Associates. In 2014, Kidd left Aitken Alexander Associates, and co-founded the digital reading platform Alexi Books.

In 2015, the Evening Standard named Kidd on the Progress 1000, a list of London's most influential people. As of 2019, Kidd has published works by authors John Updike, Matthew Kneale, Deborah Eisenberg, Jonathan Safran Foer, Edward St Aubyn, Ann Duffy, Jim Crace, Bret Easton Ellis, Jackie Kay, Alan Hollinghurst, Cormac McCarthy, and John Banville.

Jackie Kay
Jacqueline Margaret Kay (born 9 November 1961) is a Scottish poet, playwright, and novelist, known for her works Other Lovers (1993), Trumpet (1998) and Red Dust Road (2011). Kay has won many awards, including the Somerset Maugham Award in 1994, the Guardian Fiction Prize in 1998 and the Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust Book of the Year Award in 2011.

From 2016 to 2021, Jackie Kay was the Makar, the poet laureate of Scotland. She was Chancellor of the University of Salford between 2015 and 2022.
Kitchen Kabaret
Kitchen Kabaret was a 13-minute audio-animatronic show at the Epcot park at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, United States. Located in The Land pavilion, Kitchen Kabaret was present on EPCOT's opening day, October 1, 1982.

The hostess, Bonnie Appetite, introduced the acts in a musical revue and comedy format that advocated healthy eating and provided a primer on the four food groups: meat, dairy, grains, and fruits/vegetables.

The show was replaced in 1994 by Food Rocks.

Audio-Animatronics
Audio-Animatronics (also known simply as AAs) are a form of mechatronic animatronics puppetry created by Walt Disney Imagineering and trademarked by the Walt Disney Company for use in designed shows and attractions at Disney theme parks.

Audio-Animatronics move and often synchronize with an audio soundtrack from an external sound system (generally a recorded speech or song), and are usually fixed to whatever supports them. They can sit and stand but cannot produce any form of locomotion.

An Audio-Animatronic differs from an android or robot in that it uses prerecorded movements and sounds, rather than responding to external stimuli.
Dhanda
Dhanda is a surname. Notable people with surname include:

[ Dhanda Nyoliwala A.K.A Parveen Dhanda], Haryanavi Singer, Rapper and Writer known for his tracks like Russian Bandana, Knife Brows and Up To You.

Amarjeet Dhanda, Indian politician elected to the Haryana Legislative Assembly in 2019

Amita Dhanda, Indian law professor and feminist

Kamlesh Dhanda, Indian politician elected to the Haryana Legislative Assembly in 2019

Mahipal Dhanda (born 1974), Indian politician

Meena Dhanda, Indian philosopher

Parmjit Dhanda (born 1971), British politician

Pooja Dhanda (born 1994), Indian wrestler

Prem Chandra Dhanda (1911–2013), Indian physician

Yan Dhanda (born 1998), English footballer

Meena Dhanda
Dr. Meena Dhanda is an Indian philosopher and writer, based in the United Kingdom. She is a Professor of Philosophy and Cultural Politics at the University of Wolverhampton, and is internationally recognised as a leading academic in the development of diaspora Dalit studies. She conducts philosophy with a 'practical intent', and her work has confirmed existence of caste discrimination in Britain in areas covered by the Equality Act 2010, and pushed for more legal protections against caste-based discrimination.
Rubin Hermann
Rubin Andrew Hermann (born 26 January 1997) is a South African cricketer. He made his List A debut for Northerns in the 2016–17 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 26 March 2017, scoring a century. He made his Twenty20 debut for Northerns in the 2017 Africa T20 Cup on 2 September 2017. He made his first-class debut for Northerns in the 2017–18 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 23 November 2017.

Northerns cricket team
Northerns (formerly North Eastern Transvaal and Northern Transvaal) has played first-class cricket in South Africa since December 1937. Its territory is the area north of Johannesburg, including Pretoria.

For the purposes of the SuperSport Series, Northerns has merged with Easterns (formerly Eastern Transvaal) to form the Titans.
The Godfather Part II (soundtrack)
The Godfather Part II is the Academy Award winning soundtrack from the movie of the same name, released in 1974 by ABC and in 1991 on compact disc by MCA. The original score was composed by Nino Rota and conducted by Carmine Coppola, who also provided source music for the film. Rota expands upon two of the three main themes from the first film: "The Godfather Waltz" and "Michael's Theme", while "The Love Theme" from the first film makes a brief appearance during a flashback sequence ("Remember Vito Andolini"). There are several new themes, including one for Kay (Diane Keaton) and two for young Vito (Robert De Niro): "The Immigrant Theme" and "The Tarantella", introduced in "A New Carpet".

Tarantella
Tarantella (Italian: [taranˈtɛlla]) is a group of various southern Italian folk dances originating in the regions of Calabria, Campania, Sicilia, and Apulia. It is characterized by a fast upbeat tempo, usually in 68 time (sometimes 128 or 44), accompanied by tambourines. It is among the most recognized forms of traditional southern Italian music. The specific dance-name varies with every region, for instance sonu a ballu in Calabria, tammurriata in Campania, and pizzica in Salento. Tarantella is popular in southern Italy, Greece, and Malta. The term may appear as tarantello in a linguistically masculine construction.
1982 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1982 World Figure Skating Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark from March 9 to 14. At the event, sanctioned by the International Skating Union, medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The ISU Representative was Olaf Poulsen and the ISU Technical Delegate was Josef Dědič. It was the first worlds with different judging panels for compulsory figures, short programs, and compulsory dance on one side and for the free skatings and free dance on the other.

Giordano Abbondati
Giordano Giulio Abbondati (29 May 1948 – 21 April 2005) was an Italian figure skater and seven-time national champion in 1961–66 and 1968. He competed in several European and World Championships in the 1960s, in addition to the 1964 and 1968 Winter Olympic Games, in both of which he placed 14th.

Giordano retired from figure skating in 1968 to pursue a career in medicine but continued to be involved in figure skating as an international competition judge for many years. He married fellow judge Hely Rainesalo-Abbondati of Finland in 1974 and moved to Helsinki, Finland. He later moved to the UK with his wife and two children, where he practised as a consultant anesthesiologist at Central Middlesex Hospital in London, becoming Head of Anaesthetics and later Clinical Director of the pioneering Ambulatory Care and Diagnostics Centre (ACAD) which opened in 1999. He died from natural causes in 2005.
2025 Mubadala Citi DC Open
The 2025 Washington Open (called the Mubadala Citi DC Open for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 56th edition of the Washington Open for the men, and the 13th edition for the women. The event was an ATP 500 tournament on the 2025 ATP Tour and a WTA 500 tournament on the 2025 WTA Tour. The tournament took place at the William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center in Washington, D.C. from July 21–27, 2025.

Hailey Baptiste
Hailey Baptiste (born November 3, 2001) is an American professional tennis player. She reached her best singles ranking of world No. 39 on 9 February 2026. She has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and two titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. Her highest doubles ranking is No. 92, achieved 22 July 2024. She has also won four singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Arunah Dunlop
Arunah Dunlop (December 15, 1846 – January 1, 1892) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Renfrew North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1890 to 1892.

He was born in Pembroke and grew up there. In 1874, he married Mary Ellen Deacon. Dunlop sold hardware and lumber. He died in 1892.

His son Edward Arunah also served in the provincial assembly and was provincial treasurer.  Arunah's grandson, Edward Arunah Dunlop Jr. was an MPP as well from 1963 to 1971.

Pembroke, Ontario
Pembroke (/ˈpɛmbrʊk/ PEM-brook) is a city in eastern Ontario, Canada, located at the confluence of the Muskrat River and the Ottawa River in the Ottawa Valley. It lies approximately 145 kilometres (90 mi) northwest of Ottawa. It serves as the county seat of Renfrew County and functions as a regional administrative, judicial, healthcare, and commercial centre for surrounding communities, independent of the county government.

Historically, Pembroke developed as an important centre of the Ottawa Valley lumber trade, a role that shaped its early growth and institutional development. As of the 2021 Census, the city had a population of 14,364.
OssaTron
The OssaTron is a high energy shock wave system that provides a non-surgical alternative for patients diagnosed with chronic proximal plantar fasciopathy (severe heel pain), usually referred to as fasciitis. Using a unique process known as Orthotripsy, the OssaTron emits shock waves, similar to those used to treat kidney stones, in an attempt to increase blood flow and stimulate healing of the affected heel.

Fasciitis
Fasciitis is an inflammation of the fascia, which is the connective tissue surrounding muscles, blood vessels and nerves.

In particular, it often involves one of the following diseases:

Necrotizing fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis

Ischemic fasciitis, classified by the World Health Organization, 2020, as a specific tumor form in the category of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors.

Eosinophilic fasciitis

Paraneoplastic fasciitis