hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vermilacinia tigrina
Vermilacinia tigrina is a fruticose lichen that grows on branches of shrubs and on earth among cactus and shrubs in the fog regions along the Pacific Coast of North America and South America; in North America found in the Channel Islands and near San Diego, California, and in central and southern Baja California; and in South America from Peru to Chile.  The epithet is in reference to the irregular black spots or bands on the thallus branches.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
Gorani language
Gorani or Gurani (Kurdish: گۆرانی, romanized: Goranî, lit. 'song'), also known by the name of its main dialect, Hawrami (ھەورامی, romanized: Hewramî), is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in small pockets in northeastern Iraq and northwestern Iran.

Gorani is spoken in Iraq and Iran and has four dialects: Bajelani, Hawrami, and Sarli, some sources also include the Shabaki as a dialect of Gorani as well. Of these, Hawrami was the traditional literary language and koiné of Kurds in the historical Ardalan region at the Zagros Mountains, but has since been supplanted by Central Kurdish and Southern Kurdish. Gorani is a literary language for many Kurds.

Koiné language
In linguistics, a koine or koiné language or dialect (pronounced /ˈkɔɪ.neɪ/, KOY-nay; from Ancient Greek  κοινή 'common') is a standard or common dialect that has arisen as a result of the contact, mixing, and often simplification of two or more mutually intelligible varieties of the same language.

As speakers already understood one another before the advent of the koiné, the process of koineization is not as drastic as pidginization and creolization. Unlike pidginization and creolization, there is often no prestige dialect target involved in koineization.

The normal influence between neighbouring dialects is not regarded as koineization. A koiné variety emerges as a new spoken variety in addition to the originating dialects. It does not change any existing dialect, which distinguishes koineization from the normal evolution of dialects.

While similar to zonal auxiliary languages, koiné languages arise naturally, rather than being constructed.
Gusztáv Lifkai
Gusztáv Lifkai (also known as Lifka; 11 June 1912 – ?) was a Hungarian field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1936 he was a member of the Hungarian team, which was eliminated in the group stage of the Olympic tournament. He played all three matches as back.

Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics
The field hockey tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the fifth edition of the field hockey event at the Summer Olympics.

All games took place either in the Hockey Stadion or on the Hockey Stadion Field No.2. Both of the field hockey grounds were near the Olympic Stadium located on the Reichssportfeld. The competition was held from 4 August 1936 to 15 August 1936. The field hockey matches saw a total attendance of 184,103 and 157,531 tickets were sold. The Indian team scored 38 goals, but only 1 goal was scored against them. British India were the Gold medalists.

Only a men's competition occurred that year.
Enumeration
An enumeration is a complete, ordered listing of all the items in a collection. The term is commonly used in mathematics and computer science to refer to a listing of all of the elements of a set. The precise requirements for an enumeration (for example, whether the set must be finite, or whether the list is allowed to contain repetitions) depend on the discipline of study and the context of a given problem.

Some sets can be enumerated by means of a natural ordering (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, ... for the set of positive integers), but in other cases it may be necessary to impose a (perhaps arbitrary) ordering. In some contexts, such as enumerative combinatorics, the term enumeration is used more in the sense of counting – with emphasis on determination of the number of elements that a set contains, rather than the production of an explicit listing of those elements.

Identity function
In mathematics, an identity function, also called an identity relation, identity map or identity transformation, is a function that always returns the value that was used as its argument, unchanged. That is, when  is the identity function, the equality  is true for all values of  to which  can be applied.
AN/PVS-17
The AN/PVS-17 Miniature Night Sight (MNS) is a compact, lightweight and high performance night vision weapon sight. It is in wide use by the United States Army's special forces and U.S. Marine Corps. The AN/PVS-17 is a Generation III Night Vision Device, and uses the OMNI IV MX 10160 3rd generation image intensifier tube, it can also be used as a handheld observation device.

According to the Armed Forces History Museum, the PVS-17 intensifies images for night vision sight and fits easily on a variety of weapons. The PVS-17 operates submerged in depths up to 66 ft (20 m).

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/PVS-17" designation represents the 17th design of an Army-Navy electronic device for portable visual detection equipment. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.

Armed Forces History Museum
The Armed Forces History Museum (AFHM) was a 501(c)(3), non-profit museum in the city of Largo in the Tampa Bay region of Florida, United States. The museum opened in August 2008, with 35,000 sq. ft. of indoor displays and an additional 15,000 sq. ft. of outdoor viewing space.  The AFHM housed historical memorabilia including fully restored, fully operational jeeps, tanks, halftracks and armor.  The museum also had a large replica of Chuck Yeager's Supersonic Jet Bell X1, the aircraft he used to break the sound barrier.  The museum closed permanently on January 29, 2017.
Hernando de Santana
Hernando de Santana (born in the 1510s, Zafra, Badajoz Province, Spain - year of death unknown) was a Spanish conquistador, founder of the city of Valledupar on January 6, 1550, and conqueror in what is now northern Colombia.

Province of Badajoz
The province of Badajoz (Spanish: provincia de Badajoz [baðaˈxoθ] ⓘ; Portuguese: província de Badajoz [bɐðɐˈʒɔʃ]) is a province of western Spain located in the autonomous community of Extremadura. It was formed in 1833. It is bordered by the provinces of Cáceres in the north, Toledo, Ciudad Real in the east, Córdoba in the south-east, Seville, and Huelva in the south and Portugal in the west.

With an area of 21,766 km2 (8,404 sq mi), it is the largest province in Spain. The other province of Extremadura, Cáceres, is the second largest with 19,868 km2 in area. The province has a relatively lower population density in comparison to other provinces in Spain.

As of 2021, the province has a population of 669,943 inhabitants. Its capital is the city of Badajoz.
2005–06 Estonian Cup
The 2005–06 Estonian Cup (Estonian: Eesti Karikas) was the 16th season of the Estonian football knockout tournament. Originally, winners of the cup qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup first qualifying round. The defending champion, Levadia, was knocked out in the second round against later cup winners TVMK.

The competition culminated with the final held at Kadriorg Stadium, Tallinn on 17 May 2006 with TVMK taking the title 1–0. Since the TVMK also win the 2005 Meistriliiga, the runners-up Flora were qualified to the UEFA Cup.

All in all, 32 teams took part of the competition.

FCI Levadia Tallinn
Football Club Infonet Levadia Tallinn, commonly known as FCI Levadia, or simply as Levadia, is a professional football club based in Tallinn that competes in the Meistriliiga, the top flight of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Lilleküla Stadium.

Founded in 1998 in Maardu, the club moved to Tallinn in 2000 and officially affiliated themselves with the capital city in 2004. In 2017, Levadia's first team merged with FCI Tallinn, and became FCI Levadia. Levadia has played in the Meistriliiga since the 1999 season and have never been relegated from the Estonian top division. Levadia are the second most successful club in Estonian football with 31 domestic titles; including 11 Meistriliiga titles, a record 11 Estonian Cups and 9 Estonian Supercups.
HMS Sutherland
Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Sutherland:

HMS Sutherland was a fourth rate of 54 guns launched in 1704 as HMS Reserve. She served as a hospital ship in the Mediterranean 1741, and was condemned in 1744. She was broken up in 1754.

HMS Sutherland (1741) was a 50-gun fourth rate launched in 1741 and sold in 1770.

HMS Sutherland (F81) is a Type 23 frigate launched in 1996 and on active service as of 2017.

Fourth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy, a fourth-rate was a ship of the line with two gun decks which mounted between 46 and 60 guns. They served in all conflicts the Royal Navy participated in during the early modern period until they were gradually phased out of active service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as their usefulness was declining; though fourth-rates often remained in service on distant stations such as the East Indies. Several fourth-rates were created by razeeing larger ships of the line, and occasionally from East Indiamen such as HMS Calcutta.
La Motte, Quebec
La Motte (French pronunciation: [la mɔt]) is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the Abitibi Regional County Municipality and the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

In the Abitibi area the village of "La Motte" has four namesakes: La Motte Township, the municipality of La Motte, La Motte lake (formed by a widening of the Harricana River) and the Bay of La Motte (located on the lake in the town of Malartic La Motte). The name of the municipality was chosen in honor of  Guillaume-Jérôme Vacquier de Lamothe, a French army officer who served under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm; he had been a captain in the regiment of Béarn in Montcalm's army.

As of 2013, the town did not have a restaurant or inn. In preparation for the potential media influx due to the papability of Cardinal Ouellet after the resignation of pope Benedict XVI, an old church basement had been converted into a media centre.

Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Abitibi-Témiscamingue (French pronunciation: [abitibi temiskamɛ̃ɡ] ⓘ) is an administrative region located in western Québec, Canada, along the border with Ontario. It became part of the province in 1898. It has a land area of 57,736.50 square kilometres (22,292.19 sq mi) and its population was 147,082 people as of the 2021 census. The region is divided into five regional county municipalities (French: municipalité régionale de comté, or MRC) and 79 municipalities. Its economy continues to be dominated by resource extraction industries. These include logging and mining all along the rich geologic Cadillac Fault between Val-d'Or and Rouyn-Noranda, as well as agriculture.
Moulay Bouazza
Moulay Bouazza is a town in Khénifra Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 5,241.

The town was named after a famous religious leader of the 12th-century called Abu Yaaza.

Béni Mellal-Khénifra
Béni Mellal-Khénifra (Arabic: بني ملال - خنيفرة, romanized: banī mallāl - ḵunayfira) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco, covering an area of 28,374 km2, and recorded a population of 2,520,776 in the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Beni Mellal.
Queer Berlin Liaison Officer
The Queer Berlin Liaison Officer (German: Queerbeauftragte Person) is a post in the government of the city of Berlin (Berlin Senate) created in May 2023 by the grand coalition government of the Christian Democrats (CDU) and Social Democrats (SPD).

The Liaison Officer serves as a mouthpiece for concerns of the queer communities of Berlin, and as a contact person for queer representatives in the administrations of the city's twelve boroughs. The office is responsible for representation at the state and national level, and for public relations. The queer commissioner is also in close exchange with the Federal Queer Commissioner (Sven Lehmann in the 2021-2025 legislative period). The Officer's tasks include holding a regular roundtable with the queer communities, the establishment of a citywide roundtable on anti-queer violence, the "Rainbow House" community centre, and establishing 14 May as Magnus Hirschfeld Day.

Federal Government Commissioner for the Acceptance of Sexual and Gender Diversity
The Federal Government Commissioner for the Acceptance of Sexual and Gender Diversity (known as Commissioner for LGBTIQ+ Equality for short and informally nicknamed the "Queer Commissioner") is an office in the federal Government of Germany's Federal Ministry for Education, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth that is tasked with promoting and defending LGBTQ rights and fighting anti-LGBTQ hate. The incumbent has been Sophie Koch since 28 May 2025.

The office was created by the coalition government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz in 2021. The inaugural holder of the office is Sven Lehmann of the Alliance 90/The Greens. In November 2022 the federal cabinet adopted a new strategy to promote LGBTIQ+ rights and combat anti-LGBTIQ+ hate.
Mass-independent fractionation
Mass-independent isotope fractionation or  Non-mass-dependent fractionation (NMD), refers to any chemical or physical process that acts to separate isotopes, where the amount of separation does not scale in proportion with the difference in the masses of the isotopes. Most isotopic fractionations (including typical kinetic fractionations and equilibrium fractionations) are caused by the effects of the mass of an isotope on atomic or molecular velocities, diffusivities or bond strengths. Mass-independent fractionation processes are less common, occurring mainly in photochemical and spin-forbidden reactions. Observation of mass-independent fractionated materials can therefore be used to trace these types of reactions in nature and in laboratory experiments.

Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm).

In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. It is also responsible for the appearance of DNA mutations leading to skin cancers.

Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. Photochemical paths access high-energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes.  Photochemistry can also be destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics.
Nothing Lasts Forever (Echo & the Bunnymen song)
"Nothing Lasts Forever" is a single by Echo & the Bunnymen which was released in 1997. It was the first single released after Ian McCulloch, Will Sergeant and Les Pattinson reformed the band. It was also the first single to be released from their 1997 album,  Evergreen. It reached number 8 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was released as a 7-inch single and as two separate CD versions – apart from the title track all three releases had different track listings. The French and German versions of the CD releases also had different track listings.

The video was shot in Marrakesh, Morocco.

It was the last song to be played by Janice Long on her final show on Radio 2, on 26 January 2017. It was also the last song played on The Christian O'Connell Breakfast Show on Absolute Radio on 18 May 2018.

Absolute Radio
Absolute Radio is a British digital radio station owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Absolute Radio Network. It broadcasts nationally across the UK via digital audio broadcasting.

The station focuses on alternative and indie music.
Country Television Services
Country Television Services, formerly Country Broadcasting Services was an Australian media company that owned two television stations; CBN-8 Orange and CWN-6 Dubbo. It also owned radio stations, 2NZ Inverell, 2GZ Orange and 4RR Townsville.

In 1988, the two New South Wales television licences were sold to Ramcorp.

Inverell
Inverell is a large town in northern New South Wales, Australia, situated on the Macintyre River, close to the Queensland border. It is also the centre of Inverell Shire. Inverell is located on the Gwydir Highway on the western slopes of the Northern Tablelands. It has a temperate climate. In the 2021 census, the population of Inverell was 12,057 and the Inverell Shire population was 17,853.
First Presbyterian Church (Ashland, Kentucky)
The First Presbyterian Church in Ashland, Kentucky  is a historic church building at 1600 Winchester Avenue.  It has also been known as Bethesda Church.  It was built in 1858 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

It was then the oldest structure still being used for a church in Boyd County.  It is a red brick building with a bell tower and stained glass windows.

The building was the third of the congregation;  its first was a log building used from 1819 to 1928.

Ashland, Kentucky
Ashland is a home rule-class city in Boyd County, Kentucky, United States. It is located on the southern bank of the Ohio River at the state border with Ohio and near West Virginia. The population was 21,625 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous city in Boyd County. It is a principal city of the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area, referred to locally as the "Tri-State area" and home to 376,155 residents in 2020. Ashland serves as an important economic and medical center for northeastern Kentucky.
Hanlar, Midyat
Hanlar (Kurdish: Xanika) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Dermemikan tribe and had a population of 235 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Ter (YouTuber)
Ter (birth name "Ester") (born 7 March 1990) is a Spanish Youtuber and architect. Her YouTube channel has 1.96 million subscribers as of 2026. On YouTube, she developed the platform Focusarte which is a course in classical art.

She appeared on the Spanish television programs La Sexta, La resistencia and El intermedio.

Her work has also appeared on the following newspapers and channels: Vogue, AD, The New York Times Style Magazine and El País.

La resistencia
The Resistance (La Resistencia) is a Spanish TV talk show that is broadcast in #0 of Movistar +. Its first edition was on 1 February 2018, hosted by David Broncano broadcast from the Arlequín Theater in Madrid and is produced by El Terrat.
2000 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles
Leander Paes and Lisa Raymond were the defending champions but Paes did not compete. Raymond competed with Paul Haarhuis but lost in the third round to Mark Knowles and Elena Likhovtseva.

Donald Johnson and Kimberly Po defeated Lleyton Hewitt and Kim Clijsters in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–3) to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 2000 Wimbledon Championships.

Paul Haarhuis
Paul Vincent Nicholas Haarhuis (Dutch pronunciation: [pʌul ˈhaːrhœys]; born 19 February 1966) is a Dutch tennis coach and a former professional player. He is a former world No. 1 doubles player, having reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 18 in November 1995. He has won 54 doubles titles, including six Grand Slam titles, five with Jacco Eltingh, and one with Yevgeny Kafelnikov.
Des Moines Oak Leafs
The Des Moines Oak Leafs were a minor league professional ice hockey team from Des Moines, Iowa, playing at Des Moines Ice Arena. The Oak Leafs were members of the United States Hockey League from 1961 to 1963, and the International Hockey League from 1963 to 1972. After 1972, the team was renamed the Des Moines Capitols.

International Hockey League
The International Hockey League (IHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada that operated from 1945 to 2001. The IHL served as the National Hockey League (NHL)'s alternate farm system to the American Hockey League (AHL). After 56 years of operation, financial instability led to the league's demise. Six of the surviving seven teams merged into the AHL in 2001.
Travis Allen
Travis Ethan Allen (born September 14, 1973) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the California State Assembly. Allen was first elected in November 2012 to represent California's 72nd State Assembly district, which includes the cities of Fountain Valley, Los Alamitos, Seal Beach, and Westminster, most of Garden Grove, portions of Huntington Beach and of Santa Ana, and the unincorporated communities of Midway and Rossmoor.

Rossmoor, California
Rossmoor is a planned census-designated place located in Orange County, California. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a total population of 10,625 up from the 2010 census population of 10,244. The gated Leisure World retirement community in the city of Seal Beach is to the south of Rossmoor, Los Alamitos is to the east and north, and Long Beach is to the west (on the other side of the San Gabriel River, the 605 freeway and the border with Los Angeles County). The community of Rossmoor has two shopping centers within its boundaries, but only one—the Rossmoor Village Square, is now within the political boundaries of Rossmoor. A larger shopping center, the Rossmoor Business Center, was annexed, despite many protests, by the City of Seal Beach in 1967. The Center has been remodeled several times and was renamed the Shops at Rossmoor in the early 2000s.
Pokuttia–Bukovina dialect
The Pokuttia–Bukovina dialect (Ukrainian: Покутсько-буковинський говір, romanized: Pokutsko-bukovynskyi hovir) is a dialect of the Ukrainian language that originated in Pokuttia and Bukovina under the influence of the Romanian language. Along with Hutsul, Upper Prutian and Upper Sannian dialects, it is part of the archaic Galician-Bukovinian group of dialects. The dialect is locally spoken in areas of Western Ukraine south of the Dniester and east of the Carpathian Mountains, which includes parts of Chernivtsi Oblast, excluding its extreme western regions, and the eastern part of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The dialectal area is centered around Kolomyia and Chernivtsi.

Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ ⓘ, US also /-lɪ-/) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, to the base letter. Palatalization is not phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian; Uralic languages such as Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Enets and Mansi; Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; and other various languages such as Irish, Lithuanian, Marshallese and Kashmiri.