hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osaka, Virginia
Osaka is a Census-designated place and coal town located in Wise County, Virginia, United States, served by a (now vanished) branch line of the Appalachia to Stonega railroad that ran along Mud Lick Creek to Roda, which was built in 1896 by Interstate Railroads.

Coal town
A coal town, also known as a coal camp or patch, is a type of company town or mining community established by the employer, a mining company, which imports workers to the site to work the mineral find. The company develops it and provides residences for a population of miners and related workers to reside near the coal mine. The 'town founding' process is not limited to mining, but this type of development typically takes place where mineral wealth is located in a remote or undeveloped area. The company opens the site for exploitation by first, constructing transportation infrastructure to serve it, and later to establish residences for workers. Mineral resources were sometimes found as the result of logging operations that established clear-cut area. Geologists and cartographers could then chart and plot the lands for exploitation.
Doseonsa
Doseonsa (Korean: 도선사) is a Buddhist temple of the Jogye Order in Seoul, South Korea, named after its supposed founder, Doseon. It is located at 264 Ui-dong, in the Gangbuk District area of the city and is the largest temple complex on Bukhansan, the most prominent mountain north of Seoul. The temple was dedicated in 862, though none of its original structures survive.

Gangbuk District
Gangbuk District (Korean: 강북구; RR: Gangbuk-gu) is one of the 25 gu which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Its name is derived from its location north of the Han river. It was created from the neighbouring Dobong District in 1995. The current mayor is Park Gyeom-su.
Carol Armstrong
Carol Armstrong is an American professor, art historian, art critic, and photographer. Armstrong teaches and writes about 19th-century French art, the history of photography, the history and practice of art criticism, feminist theory and women and gender representation in visual culture.

Visual culture
Visual culture is the aspect of culture expressed in visual images. Many academic fields study this subject, including cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, media studies, Deaf Studies, and anthropology.

The field of visual culture studies in the United States corresponds or parallels the Bildwissenschaft ("image studies") in Germany. Both fields are not entirely new, as they can be considered reformulations of issues of photography and film theory that had been raised from the 1920s and 1930s by authors like Béla Balázs, László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin.
3C 223
3C 223 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation of Leo Minor. It hosts a Type 2 quasar nucleus, found to be radio-loud with a rare, Compton-thick active galactic nucleus.

3C 223 is also a radio galaxy. With a projected size of ≥1 megaparsecs, it is classified a giant radio source according to researchers who presented Very Large Array images. Based on spectral study results, the source of 3C 223 is found to be younger.

Astronomical radio source
An astronomical radio source is an object in outer space that emits strong radio waves. Radio emission comes from a wide variety of sources. Such objects are among the most extreme and energetic physical processes in the universe.
DDAIP
DDAIP is a pharmaceutical ingredient added to topical products to increase penetration through the skin.  Chemically, DDAIP is an ester of N,N-dimethylalanine and dodecanol, although as of now the structural formula shows an ester with decanol (C10) instead.  DDAIP is typically formulated as its hydrochloride salt (DDAIP.HCl).  This salt is a white crystalline solid with a melting range of 88-93 °C and is an amphiphilic molecule with a pKa of 4.87 that is soluble in water up to about 40% w/v.  DDAIP is proprietary to NexMed USA, a subsidiary of Apricus Biosciences.

Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments.  Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth. The word topical derives from Greek τοπικός topikos, "of a place".
George Petros
George Lawrence Petros (born 11 January 1955) is an American art designer, author, editor, interviewer and illustrator. From 1984 through 1992 he published and edited EXIT, a punk-inspired art and science fiction magazine he founded with Adam Parfrey and Kim Seltzer. From 1992 through 2000 he edited and art-directed Seconds, an all-interview music and culture magazine founded by Steven Blush. From 2000 through 2005 he was a contributing editor of Juxtapoz, the low-brow art magazine founded by Robert Williams, and the senior editor of Propaganda, a goth/industrial music and style magazine founded by Fred H. Berger. He is the author of several books. His art and writing have appeared in Heavy Metal, Thrasher, Paper, Screw, Apocalypse Culture II, ArtSync, and on DEVO album covers.

Thrasher (magazine)
Thrasher is an American skateboarding media brand founded in January 1981 by Eric Swenson and Fausto Vitello, who also founded Independent Truck Company, and officially launched as a skateboard magazine. Since the 1990s, Thrasher has expanded its presence in television, video production, online blogging and merchandising.
Metro Express Barishal
Metro Express Barishal (Bengali: মেট্রো এক্সপ্রেস বরিশাল) is a franchise field hockey team based in Barisal, Barisal Division, that takes part in the Hockey Champions Trophy. Founded in 2022, the team is owned by Metro Group. Ex-South Korean international Song Seung-tae serves as the head coach for the team.

South Korea men's national field hockey team
The South Korea men's national field hockey team (recognized as Korea by FIH) represents South Korea in international field hockey competitions.

Their best result in the global stage was a silver at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. South Korea is consistently ranked as one of the best teams in Asia.
Live in Germany (Héroes del Silencio album)
Live in Germany is a live album by Héroes del Silencio released on November 22, 2011. The album was recorded on October 2, 1993, in Koblenz, Germany during the "El camino del exceso" tour.

This would be their first release after their actual last performance in the 2007 World Tour.

The album was released on vinyl and CD. A special edition of the album included a DVD that has a video of the performance.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Live Transmissions from Uranus
Live Transmissions From Uranus!! is a full-length album released by the surf rock group Man or Astro-man?.  It was recorded live at the Covered Dish in Gainesville, Florida on November 19, 1994.  It was available on CD and on standard, black vinyl through Homo Habilis records.  It was also released on CD and as a limited 12" picture disc through One Louder records in the UK.  It was later reissued through the Chicago-based label Touch and Go Records.  Design by Art Chantry, and cover photos by Kyle Scott.

Touch and Go Records
Touch and Go Records is an American independent record label based in Chicago, Illinois. After its genesis as a handmade fanzine in 1979, it grew into one of the key record labels in the American 1980s underground and alternative rock scenes. Touch and Go carved out a reputation for releasing adventurous noise rock by the likes of Big Black, the Butthole Surfers, and The Jesus Lizard. Touch and Go helped to spearhead the nationwide network of underground bands that formed the pre-Nirvana indie rock scene, and helped preside over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock emerging at the time.
WIKA
WIKA Alexander Wiegand SE & Co. KG is a company which manufactures pressure and temperature measuring equipment.

As of financial year 2024, the company employed about 11,200 people at its 45 subsidiaries and production sites worldwide. Its turnover was about €1.3 billion (USD 1.5 billion). The company was established in 1946 in the town Klingenberg am Main, located in the district of Lower Franconia in Bavaria. It is headquartered and has its main industrial establishment there since then.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
John Phillips (South African cricketer)
John Glanville Phillips (8 November 1910 – 26 June 1985) was a South African cricketer who played 16 matches of first-class cricket for Border and Transvaal between 1931 and 1938.

John Phillips was an opening batsman and left-arm wrist-spinner. His best batting performance was 100 and 36 for Border against Orange Free State in 1933–34. In the 1934–35 season he took 15 wickets in two matches in East London in just over a week: 7 for 51 and 2 for 87 in a victory over Orange Free State, then 5 for 123 and 1 for 44 in a close loss to Natal. These performances led the cricket writer Louis Duffus to name him as a player "who is sure to be heard of in subsequent seasons". However, Phillips played only two more first-class matches.

Border cricket team
Border is the team representing the Border region in domestic first-class cricket in South Africa.  The team began playing in March 1898. When Cricket South Africa introduced the franchise system in 2004, Border merged with Eastern Province to form the Warriors.
Martin State Airport station
Martin State Airport station is a passenger rail station on the Northeast Corridor serving Martin State Airport in the unincorporated community of Middle River, Maryland. It is located in between the Aberdeen and Baltimore stations. It is served by the MARC Penn Line; Amtrak trains pass through the station without stopping.

The station has three sections of wooden platform adjacent to the southern track of the four-track Northeast Corridor. The wooden decks extend across the tracks to allow passengers access to all tracks. The station is not accessible.

MARC Penn Line service was extended to Perryville on May 1, 1991, with intermediate stops at Aberdeen, Edgewood, and Martin State Airport.

Middle River, Maryland
Middle River is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 33,203 at the 2020 census. A Middle River Train Station first appeared on the 1877 G.M. Hopkins & Co Baltimore County Map and by 1898 had a designated Post Office and modest street grid. The town expanded during the 1930s and 1940s and established the "Aero Acres" housing community which borders the railroad tracks and Martin Blvd. to serve as housing for people working at the Martin Aerospace Company. For this development, the architecture firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed gable-roofed Cape Cod houses with dimensions of 24 feet (7.3 m) by 28 feet (8.5 m), featuring large commercial-style windows in their principal rooms. In 1941 a total of 600 homes were built at Aero Acres using this design from Cemento (a cement/asbestos material).[2]
Pure Love (album)
Pure Love is the third studio album by American country music artist Ronnie Milsap, released in 1974 by RCA Records. The album produced two #1 hits for Milsap, including his first hit "Pure Love" penned by Eddie Rabbitt and "Please Don't Tell Me How the Story Ends," which marked his debut on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at #95.

Pure Love reached #8 on Country album charts. Allmusic described the album as having "a solid country foundation" highlighting "My Love Is Deep, My Love Is Wide" and "Blue Ridge Mountains Turnin' Green" as being among a "strong set of songs."

Eddie Rabbitt
Edward Thomas Rabbitt (November 27, 1941 – May 7, 1998) was an American country music singer and songwriter. His career began as a songwriter in the late 1960s, springboarding to a recording career after composing hits such as "Kentucky Rain" for Elvis Presley in 1970 and "Pure Love" for Ronnie Milsap in 1974. Later in the 1970s, Rabbitt helped to develop the crossover-influenced sound of country music prevalent in the 1980s with such hits as "Suspicions", "I Love a Rainy Night" (a number-one hit single on the Billboard Hot 100), "Drivin' My Life Away" and "Every Which Way but Loose" (the theme from the film of the same title). His duets "Both to Each Other (Friends and Lovers)" with Juice Newton and "You and I" with Crystal Gayle later appeared on the soap operas Days of Our Lives and All My Children.
Flavio Alonso
Flavio Alonso (born May 11, 1968) is a Spanish rally driver. He is best known for participating in the Race of Champions during the event's tenure at Gran Canaria, the highlight being winning the 'Rally Masters' contest in 1992 and 1996. He also represented Spain alongside Oriol Servia and Emilio Alzamora at the 2003 event, losing in the final to the 'All-Star' team. He also reached the quarter-finals of the main event that year, but was beaten by François Duval.

He has competed sporadically in the Spanish Rally Championship and the European Rally Championship, and also participated in the Spanish round of the 1999 World Rally Championship.

2003 Race of Champions
The 2003 Race of Champions took place on November 28–30 at Gran Canaria for the final time. It was also the last year for three-car teams in the Nations' Cup (including one motorcycle racer), with the focus on rally drivers fading after this year's event due to the later stadium-based venues using all-tarmac tracks.

The vehicles used were the Peugeot 206 WRC, the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII Group N, the Subaru Impreza WRX and the ROC Buggy.

The individual competition was won by Sébastien Loeb, whilst the Nations' Cup was won by the All-Star line-up of Fonsi Nieto, Gilles Panizzi and Cristiano da Matta.
Mount Duneed
Mount Duneed is a suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is divided between the City of Greater Geelong and Surf Coast Shire local government areas. Mount Duneed itself is an extinct volcano and the remains of the crater can be seen in the Mount Duneed Recreation Reserve.

Much of the locality north of Lower Duneed Road is part of the large Armstrong Creek Growth Area, which was opened up for urban development from 2010. With the gazetting of the suburb Armstrong Creek in February 2012, Mount Duneed's southern boundary between Surf Coast Highway and Horseshoe Bend Road follows the boundary of the Armstrong Creek Urban Growth Area.  The area north of Boundary Road, south of the Warrnambool railway line and west of the Surf Coast Highway, formerly part of Grovedale, became part of Mount Duneed.

Volcanic crater
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava. A volcanic crater can be of large dimensions and sometimes of great depth. During certain types of explosive eruptions, a volcano's magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside, forming a type of larger depression known as a caldera.
Don't Talk, Just Listen
Don't Talk, Just Listen is the second studio album by American R&B group B5. It was released by Bad Boy Records on September 10, 2007 in the United Kingdom and on September 11 in the United States. The lone single was "Hydrolics" featuring Bow Wow.

Bad Boy Records
Bad Boy Entertainment, doing business as Bad Boy Records, is an American record label founded by Sean "Puffy" Combs. The first signee, Craig Mack, gained significant commercial success after the release of his 1994 single "Flava In Ya Ear". The label then signed other hip-hop and R&B acts, including The Notorious B.I.G., Faith Evans, Mase, 112, Total, the Lox, Shyne, and Carl Thomas. At its peak in 1997, Bad Boy was worth an estimated $100 million. During the 2000s, Bad Boy Records signed several notable artists, including French Montana, Machine Gun Kelly, Janelle Monáe, and Cassie Ventura.

In 2023, Combs founded a successor label, Love Records, to independently release his fifth studio album, The Love Album: Off the Grid, in September of that year.
David Owen (Virginia politician)
David L. Owen (born 1956) is an American Republican politician from Virginia. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in the 2023 Virginia House of Delegates election from the 57th district.
He represented portions of western Henrico County and eastern Goochland in the House of Delegates from 2024 to 2026. He was first elected in 2023 with 51% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate Susanna Gibson.

Virginia's 57th House of Delegates district
Virginia's 57th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 57 consists of parts of Charlottesville and Albemarle County. Following the redistricting after the 2020 Census, the district was moved to include areas of Goochland County and Henrico County. It has been represented Democrat May Nivar since 2026.
Kiekie (spider)
Kiekie is a genus of wandering spiders first described by D. Polotow and Antônio Domingos Brescovit in 2018. The type species, Kiekie sinuatipes, was originally described under the name "Ctenus sinuatipes".

Wandering spider
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae.

They are highly defensive and venomous nocturnal hunters. Wandering spiders are known to hunt large prey, for example hylid species Dendropsophus branneri. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known, so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
Păltiniș, Caraș-Severin
Păltiniș (until 1960 Valea Boului) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania with a population of 2353 people. It is composed of five villages: Cornuțel, Delinești, Ohabița, Păltiniș and Rugi. It is located in the historical region of Banat.

The earliest surviving mention of Păltiniș is in a document of 1585. The Roman fort of Caput Bubali is located in present-day Delinești village.

Caraș-Severin County
Caraș-Severin (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Royal Zoological Society of Scotland
The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland is a learned society and registered charity based in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was founded by Thomas Haining Gillespie in 1909. In 1913, Edinburgh Town Council bought a large plot of land on Corstorphine Hill for the society - this later opened to the public as Edinburgh Zoo. The society received its Royal Charter in 1913. The principal objective of the society mentioned in the original charter is:

To promote, facilitate and encourage the study of zoology and kindred subjects and to foster and develop amongst the people an interest in and knowledge of animal life.

In 1986, the society acquired the Highland Wildlife Park in Kingussie, Inverness-shire.

Kingussie
Kingussie (/kɪŋˈjuːsi/ ⓘ king-YOO-see; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann a' Ghiùthsaich pronounced [ˈkʲʰaun̪ˠə ˈʝuːs̪ɪç]) is a small town in the Badenoch and Strathspey ward of the Highland council area of Scotland. Historically in Inverness-shire, it lies beside the A9 road, although the old route of the A9 serves as the town's main street which has been bypassed since 1979. Kingussie is 42 miles (68 kilometres) south of Inverness, 12 mi (19 km) south of Aviemore, and 3 mi (5 km) north of Newtonmore.
Abraham Kaplan
Abraham Kaplan (June 11, 1918 – June 19, 1993) was an American philosopher, known best for being the first philosopher to systematically examine the behavioral sciences in his book The Conduct of Inquiry (1964). His thinking was influenced by pragmatists Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey.

Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."