hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Natasha David
Natasha David is a German-born American bartender, mixologist, and author. In 2014, David opened the critically acclaimed cocktail bar Nitecap on New York's Lower East Side. David has also competed on Iron Chef America. In 2022, David authored the cocktail recipe book Drink Lightly. Her cocktail recipes have been featured in many publications and books, such as New York Times, Bon Appetit, and The Essential Cocktail Book. David has also been awarded as Zagat's 30 under 30, Eater's Bartender of the Year, StarChef's Rising Star, and Imbibe Bartender of the Year. Her consultancy company You & Me Cocktail is responsible for notable projects such as Paul Sevigny’s Baby Grand and the revamp of Pravda‘s cocktail program.

Bon Appétit
Bon Appétit is a monthly American food and entertaining magazine, that typically contains recipes, entertaining ideas, restaurant recommendations, and wine reviews. Owned by Condé Nast, it is headquartered at the One World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York, and has been in publication since 1956. Bon Appétit has been recognized for increasing its online presence in recent years through the use of social media, publishing recipes on their website, and maintaining a popular YouTube channel.
Calvin Alexander
E. Calvin Alexander Jr is an American geochemist, hydrogeologist, and planetary scientist, known for his research on noble gas isotopes, meteorites, lunar samples, groundwater residence times, and karst hydrogeology. He is Morse–Alumni Professor Emeritus in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Minnesota.

He is a fellow of the Geological Society of America and National Speleological Society.

Southeast Minnesota
Southeast Minnesota comprises the corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota south of the Twin Cities metropolitan area extending east, and part of the multi-state area known as the Driftless Area. Rochester is the largest city in the area; other major cities include Winona, Owatonna, Faribault, Northfield, Austin, and Red Wing.

Many places in Southeast Minnesota, like Lanesboro, have become popular tourist destinations. The scenic Mississippi Valley to the Whitewater River and Root River in the Driftless Area (one of the few parts of the state not eroded by glaciers in the last ice age) are among the most visited locations.
Faulkner Literary Rights, LLC v. Sony Pictures Classics Inc.
Faulkner Literary Rights, LLC v. Sony Pictures Classics Inc., 953 F. Supp. 2d 701 (N.D. Miss. 2013), was a United States District Court case involving copyright and trademark claims brought by the estate of American author William Faulkner. The dispute arose from Sony Pictures use of a paraphrased line from Faulkner’s 1950 novel Requiem for a Nun in the 2011 film Midnight in Paris, directed by Woody Allen. The estate alleged that quoting “The past is never dead. It’s not even past.” without permission violated the Copyright Act and the Lanham Act. The court dismissed all claims, holding that the use was both de minimis and protected under the fair use doctrine. The decision clarified that brief literary quotations in films can be lawful, especially when they are transformative and properly attributed.

Lanham Act
The Lanham (Trademark) Act (Pub. L. 79–489, 60 Stat. 427, enacted July 5, 1946, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1051 et seq. (15 U.S.C. ch. 22) is the primary federal statute governing trademark law in the United States.

The Lanham Act establishes a national system of trademark registration and grants owners of federally registered trademarks the right to pursue civil remedies for trademark infringement, trademark dilution, cybersquatting, and false advertising.
Quezon Institute
The Quezon Institute is a hospital in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. The hospital is operated and managed by Philippine Tuberculosis Society, Inc. (PTSI), which also owns the property where the hospital stands. PTSI is a non-stock, nonprofit organization, with Quezon Institute as its biggest unit. PTSI was incorporated on February 29, 1960, and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 1960.

Non-stock corporation
A non-stock corporation (or nonstock corporation) is a corporation that does not have owners represented by shares of stock, in contrast to a joint-stock company. A non-stock corporation typically has members who are the functional equivalent of shareholders in a stock corporation. The members may have the right to vote (and other rights) based on the bylaws of the corporation. Non-stock corporations may also choose to have no members.

The vast majority of not-for-profit corporations are non-stock corporations. (Some states, such as Kansas, allow nonprofits to issue stock.
In many jurisdictions, a nonstock corporation can elect to become a stock corporation if certain conditions are met.
SS William Patterson
SS William Patterson was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after William Patterson, a businessman, a gun-runner during the American Revolution, and a founder of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

William Patterson (Maryland businessman)
William Patterson (1752–1835) was a businessman, a gun-runner during the American Revolution, and a founder of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. His many business dealings included shipping, banking, and the Baltimore Water Company.
Kangra Valley
Kangra Valley is a river valley situated in the Western Himalayas. It lies in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India, and is a popular tourist destination. The Kangri language is spoken there. 
Dharamshala, the headquarters of Kangra district and the main city of the valley, lies on the southern spur (lateral ridge) of Dhauladhar.

Western Himalayas
The Western Himalayas are the western half of the Himalayas, in  northwestern India and northern Pakistan. Four of the five tributaries of the Indus River in Punjab (Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, and Ravi) rise in the Western Himalayas; while the fifth, the Sutlej cuts through the range after rising in Tibet Autonomous Region of China

Included within the Western Himalayas are the Zanskar Range, the Pir Panjal Range, and the Dhauladhar Range, and western parts of the Sivalik Range and the Great Himalayas. The highest point is Nanga Parbat (26,660 feet or 8,126 metres), at the northwestern end of the region. It is part of the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot.

Climate in high altitudes of the Western Himalayas is poorly known due to the difficulties in maintaining observational networks. A historical name for a substantial proportion of the Western Himalayan range was the Punjab Hills.
Cavite's 3rd congressional district
Cavite's 3rd congressional district is one of the eight congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Cavite. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district is composed of the city of Imus. It is currently represented in the 19th Congress by Adrian Jay Advincula of the National Unity Party (NUP).

The third district previously encompassed the city of Tagaytay and the adjacent southern Cavite municipalities of Alfonso, Amadeo, General Emilio Aguinaldo, Indang, Magallanes, Maragondon, Mendez, Naic, Silang, and Ternate until the reapportionment took effect in 2010.

General Emilio Aguinaldo, Cavite
General Emilio Aguinaldo, officially the Municipality of General Emilio Aguinaldo (Tagalog: Bayan ng Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo), is a municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 24,264 people.

Formerly known and still commonly referred to as Bailen, the municipality was renamed General Emilio Aguinaldo in honor of Emilio Aguinaldo, the first president of the Philippines and a native of Cavite.
German submarine U-195
German submarine U-195 was a Type IXD1 transport U-boat which served in World War II. The submarine was laid down on 15 May 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 1041, launched on 8 April 1942, and commissioned on 5 September 1942 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Heinz Buchholz.

U-195 was one of two IX-D1 transport U-boats that had their forward torpedo tubes removed and the compartment converted into a cargo hold. The other IX-D1 was U-180, which was lost in the Bay of Biscay in 1944 whilst setting out for a voyage to Japan. (U-180 had been trialled originally with six diesel engines driving two propeller shafts, but overheating proved such a problem that these engines were removed and replaced with a pair of 2,200 hp MAN diesel engines). It is unclear if U-195 underwent the same engine history as U-180, but it seems likely.

Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, -ki/ BISS-kay, -⁠kee) also known as the Gulf of Biscay or the Gulf of Gascony is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward to Cape Ortegal.

The average depth is 1,744 m (5,722 ft) and the greatest depth is 4,735 m (15,535 ft).
Donald Bruce House
Donald Bruce House, also known as Middlepen Plantation, is a historic plantation home located near Orangeburg, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. It was originally built during the 18th century in downtown Orangeburg and was moved to Middlepen Plantation about 1837. The house is a two-story frame structure with a two-tiered front piazza.  It was used as headquarters during the American Revolution at different times by both Governor John Rutledge and by the British commander, Lord Francis Rawdon.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The house is not open to public tours.

Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings
Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings (9 December 1754 – 28 November 1826), styled The Honourable Francis Rawdon from birth until 1762, Lord Rawdon between 1762 and 1783, The Lord Rawdon from 1783 to 1793 and The Earl of Moira between 1793 and 1816, was an Anglo-Irish politician and military officer who served as Governor-General of Fort William from 1813 to 1823. He had also served with British forces for years during the American Revolutionary War and in 1794 during the War of the First Coalition. In Ireland, he was critical of the policy of coercion used to break the United Irish movement for representative government and national independence. He took the additional surname "Hastings" in 1790 in compliance with the will of his maternal uncle, Francis Hastings, 10th Earl of Huntingdon.
NK Šmartno 1928
Nogometni klub Šmartno 1928 (English: Šmartno 1928 Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Šmartno or simply Šmartno, is a Slovenian football club based in Šmartno ob Paki that competes in the Slovenian Third League, the third tier of Slovenian football. The club emerged after the dissolution of NK Šmartno ob Paki, a team that played in the Slovenian top division for several seasons before being dissolved. However, the new club that was founded in 2005 is legally not a successor of the dissolved club.

Šmartno ob Paki
Šmartno ob Paki (pronounced [ˈʃmaːɾtnɔ ɔp ˈpaːki]) is a settlement in the lower Paka Valley in northern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Šmartno ob Paki. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The parish church from which the settlement gets its name (Šmartno < *Šmartən < *šent Martin 'Saint Martin') is dedicated to Saint Martin and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was first mentioned in written documents dated to 1256. The current building dates to the 18th century but some 15th-century frescos are preserved in the belfry.
Tim Cobb
Timothy Cobb (born March 28, 1964, in Albany, New York) is the American current principal double bassist with the New York Philharmonic. He previously taught at the Peabody Institute of Music, and joined the Manhattan School of Music faculty in 1992. Cobb also currently teaches at SUNY Purchase, Lynn University, Rutgers University: Mason Gross School of the Arts, YOA Orchestra of the Americas, and Mannes School of Music Preparatory Division.  He is the current chair of the double-bass department at the Juilliard School, where he has been on faculty since 2002.

Peabody Institute
The Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University is a private music and dance conservatory and preparatory school in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1857, it became affiliated with Johns Hopkins in 1977.
Sleep Is the Enemy
Sleep Is the Enemy is the third studio album by Canadian rock band Danko Jones. The album was released on February 17, 2006 in Europe and February 21 in Canada. The album was released in the US on May 23. "She's Drugs" was featured in the Swedish vampire film Frostbiten. "Baby Hates Me" served as the theme song for WWE Backlash.

Frostbite (2006 film)
Frostbite (Swedish: Frostbiten) is a 2006 Swedish comedy horror film directed by Anders Banke and written by Daniel Ojanlatva. The film takes place in a small town in northern Sweden during midwinter, making the environment perfect for vampires to hunt townspeople due to the cold weather and small amount of daily sunlight. It is Sweden's first vampire movie.
John MacLoughlin
John MacLoughlin (8 September 1871 – 11 September 1943) was an Irish politician. Born in Buncrana, County Donegal to a nationalist, middle-class business family, MacLoughlin was educated at St Columb's College, Derry and University College Dublin. His business interests included media publishing.

He was a  member of the Free State Seanad Éireann from 1922 to 1936. He was first elected at the 1922 Seanad election as an independent candidate. He joined Cumann na nGaedheal in 1931. He was elected to the 2nd Seanad in 1938 on the Industrial and Commercial Panel as a Fine Gael member. He was re-elected to the 3rd Seanad and served until he lost his seat at the 1943 Seanad election.

Industrial and Commercial Panel
The Industrial and Commercial Panel is one of five vocational panels which together elect 43 of the 60 members of Seanad Éireann, the senate of the Oireachtas (the legislature of Ireland). The Industrial and Commercial Panel elects nine senators.
Jennifer Pelland
Jennifer Pelland is an American writer of science fiction, principally short fiction.

Pelland's works have been characterized as "dark fiction with a thread of humanity running through it", focusing on themes of body modification and destruction. Her short stories Captive Girl (2007) and Ghosts of New York (2010) were nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Short Story. Captive Girl was also shortlisted for the Gaylactic Spectrum Awards.

Pelland is married. She lives near Boston, practices belly dancing, and is a part-time voice-actor.

Body modification
Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human physical appearance. In its broadest definition it includes skin tattooing, socially acceptable decoration (e.g., common body piercing in many societies), and religious rites of passage (e.g., circumcision in a number of cultures), as well as the modern primitive movement.

Body modification is performed for a large variety of reasons, including aesthetics, sexual enhancement, rites of passage, religious beliefs, to display group membership or affiliation, in remembrance of lived experience, traditional symbolism such as axis mundi and mythology, to create body art, for shock value, and as self-expression, among other reasons.
1814 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 184.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
2017 Hungarian Swimming Championships
The 2017 Hungarian Swimming Championships were the 119th edition of the Hungarian Swimming National Championships (Hungarian: CXIX. Országos Bajnokság Széchy Tamás emlékére), which took place on 19–22 April 2017 at the Debrecen Swimming Pool Complex in Debrecen.

Debrecen
Debrecen (/ˈdɛbrətsɛn/ DEB-rət-sen; Hungarian: [ˈdɛbrɛt͡sɛn] ⓘ; German: Debrezin [ˈdɛbʁɛt͡siːn] ⓘ; Slovak: Debrecín [ˈɟɛbrɛt͡siːn] Romanian: Debrețin) is Hungary's second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres. Debrecen was also the capital city of Hungary during the revolution in 1848–1849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of World War II in 1944–1945. It is home to the University of Debrecen.
2019 Americas Challenge
The 2019 Americas Challenge is a curling challenge that took place from November 28 to 30 at Curl Mesabi in Eveleth, Minnesota. This challenge determined the second team from the Americas Zone to qualify for the 2020 World Men's Championship and the 2020 World Women's Championship. It was held as part of the 2019 Curl Mesabi Classic World Curling Tour event.

The United States won both the men's and women's events, with Mexico having a successful debut, finishing second in both events. The men's US team, skipped by Rich Ruohonen went on to the finals of the Curl Mesabi Classic where they lost to a fellow American rink skipped by Korey Dropkin. The women's US team went on to the semifinals of the Curl Mesabi Classic, losing to Canada's Laura Walker rink.

Korey Dropkin
Korey Dropkin (born June 11, 1995) is an American curler originally from Southborough, Massachusetts. At the 2026 Olympics, he and Cory Thiesse became the first American team to win a medal in Olympic mixed doubles curling, winning the silver medal.
Hell or high water clause
A hell or high water clause is a clause in a contract, usually a lease, which provides that the payments must continue irrespective of any difficulties which the paying party may encounter, usually in relation to the operation of the leased asset. The clause usually forms part of a parent company guarantee that is intended to limit the applicability of the doctrines of impossibility or frustration of purpose. The term for the clause comes from a colloquial expression that a task must be accomplished "come hell or high water", that is, regardless of any difficulty.

Act of God
In legal usage in the English-speaking world, an act of God, act of nature, or damnum fatale ("loss arising from inevitable accident") is an event caused by no direct human action (e.g. severe or extreme weather and other natural disasters) for which individual persons are not responsible and cannot be held legally liable for loss of life, injury, or property damage. An act of God may amount to an exception to liability in contracts (as under the Hague–Visby Rules), or it may be an "insured peril" in an insurance policy. In Scots law, the equivalent term is damnum fatale, while most Common law proper legal systems use the term act of God.

It is legally distinct from—though often related to—a common clause found in contract law known as force majeure.
Yixin Diao
Yixin Diao is an electrical engineer at the IBM Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, USA. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 for his contributions to modeling, optimization and control of computing systems.

Profile-guided optimization
In computer programming, profile-guided optimization (PGO, sometimes pronounced as pogo), also known as profile-directed feedback (PDF) or feedback-directed optimization (FDO), is the compiler optimization technique of using prior analyses of software artifacts or behaviors ("profiling") to improve the expected runtime performance of the program.
Vokány
Vokány (German: Wakan) is a village in Baranya County, Hungary. Until the end of World War II, the inhabitants were Danube Swabians, also called locally as Stifolder, because their ancestors arrived around 1720 from Fulda (district).  Most of the former German settlers were expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, under the Potsdam Agreement.
Only a few Germans of Hungary live there, the majority today are the descendants of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange. They obtained the houses of the former Danube Swabian inhabitants.

Fulda (district)
The Fulda District (German: Landkreis Fulda; German pronunciation: [ˈfʊlda]) is a Kreis (district) in the north-east of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Hersfeld-Rotenburg, Wartburgkreis, Schmalkalden-Meiningen, Rhön-Grabfeld, Bad Kissingen, Main-Kinzig, Vogelsbergkreis.
Yoichi Kuroda
Yoichi Kuroda (黒田 洋一, Kuroda Yōichi) is a Japanese environmentalist. He was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1991 for his campaign against Japan's irresponsible use of tropical hardwoods.

He was founder of the activist organization Japan Tropical Forest Action Network (JATAN).

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
Plaza Fuerza Aérea Argentina
Plaza Fuerza Aérea Argentina (Spanish for "Argentine Air Force Square") is a square located in the barrio (district) of Retiro in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The square is located between the Retiro railway station on Avenida Dr. José María Ramos Mejía, Avenida San Martín and Avenida del Libertador. It was designed and built in the 1940s and inaugurated on January 4, 1945. Originally called Plaza Británica ("British Square"), its name was changed in 1982 to the current one, by paying homage to the Argentine Air Force after the Falklands War, which was its first war against an external enemy. However, some still refer to it by its old name and also Plaza de los Ingleses ("English Square"), although the latter name was never used officially. The Torre Monumental (formerly "Torre de los Ingleses"), is located in the center of the square.

Argentine Air Force
The Argentine Air Force (Spanish: Fuerza Aérea Argentina, or simply FAA) is the air force of Argentina and one of three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic. In 2018, it had 13,837 military and 6,900 civilian personnel. FAA commander in chief is Brigadier Gustavo Valverde.