hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Thornton Tayloe
Edward "Thornton" Tayloe (January 21, 1803 – November 26, 1876) was an American diplomat, planter and scion of colonial tidewater gentry. He was named after his godfather, Edward Thornton a friend and fellow student of his father's at Eton College and His Majesty's ambassador to Washington D.C. He owned estates in King George County, Virginia and the Canebrake (region of Alabama). He was the private secretary to Joel Roberts Poinsett during his time as the first minister to Mexico. He married his first cousin, Mary Ogle, at Belair Mansion (Bowie, Maryland) Prince George's Co., Maryland during Christmas in 1830.

King George County, Virginia
King George County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population sits at 26,723. Its county seat is the census designated place of King George. The county's largest employer is the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. It is adjacent to the newly built, four-lane, 2-mile-long (3.2 km) Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge carrying U.S. Highway 301 over the Potomac River.
It contains the ZIP codes 22448 (Dahlgren) and 22485 (all other areas within King George). It is within the area code 540 and contains the exchanges: 775, 644, 663, and 653.
Louis Puech
Louis Puech (1 May 1851, in Gavernac, Bozouls, Aveyron – 15 July 1947, in Aubignac, Aveyron) was a député of the French Third Republic and Minister of Public Works in the second government of Aristide Briand from 3 November 1910 to 24 February 1911.  During his 30 years in office he was inscribed with the group of Républicains de gauche. He was the brother of the sculptor Denys Puech, director of the Villa Médicis (1921–33).

Bozouls
Bozouls (French pronunciation: [bozul]; Occitan: Boason) is a commune in the southern French department of Aveyron.

It is located on Route Maquis de Jean Pierre (D20), 23 kilometers northeast of Rodez.

It sits on the edge of a gorge created by the river Dourdou de Conques.

Bozouls is the setting of the 2024 neo-noir television series Monsieur Spade from AMC and Canal+.
The Last Truck: Closing of a GM Plant
The Last Truck: Closing of a GM Plant (also known as The Last Truck) is a 2009 documentary film, directed by Steven Bognar and Julia Reichert and produced for HBO Films. The film follows the closure of the Moraine Assembly plant, a General Motors automobile factory in Moraine, Ohio, on December 23, 2008.

HBO Films
HBO Films (formerly called HBO Premiere Films and HBO Pictures) is an American production and distribution company founded in 1983 as a division of the cable television network HBO that produces feature films and miniseries. The division produces fiction and non-fiction works under HBO Documentary Films, primarily for distribution to their own customers, though recently the company has been funding theatrical releases.

HBO Films slates three or four films per year and develops most of them internally with theatrical films being distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.
Agricultural Act of 2014
The Agricultural Act of 2014 (also known as the 2014 U.S. Farm Bill, formerly the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013) is an act of Congress that authorizes nutrition and agriculture programs in the United States for the years of 2014–2018. The bill authorizes $956 billion in spending over the next ten years.

The bill passed in the U.S. House of Representatives on January 29, 2014, and the U.S. Senate on February 4, 2014, during the 113th Congress. President Barack Obama signed the bill into law on February 7, 2014. The bill is considered two years late, since farm bills are traditionally passed every five years. The previous farm bill, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, expired in 2012.

Authorization bill
An authorization bill is a type of legislation used in the United States to authorize the activities of the various agencies and programs that are part of the federal government of the United States. Authorizing such programs is one of the powers of the United States Congress. Authorizations give those things the legal power to operate and exist. Authorization bills must be passed in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate before being signed by the President of the United States in order to become law. They may originate in either chamber of Congress, unlike revenue raising bills, which must originate in the House. They can also be considered at any time during the year.
MV Brandanger
MV Brandanger is the name of the following ships:

MV Brandanger (1926), sunk on 11 October 1940 by German submarine U-48

MV Brandanger (1948), a Norwegian cargo ship sold to Bolivia in 1965, scrapped in 2015

MV Brandanger (1948)
MV Brandanger delivered in 1949 was a general purpose cargo ship, previously owned by the Norwegian shipping company Westfal-Larsen. The vessel was sold to Bulgaria in 1965, renamed Alkaid.  In 1971 she became Petar Beron, being converted into a school ship. As from 1980 she was laid up in Varna, Bulgaria as a stationary training ship . On 16 January 2015 she arrived at Aliağa for demolition.
Betty Kirk West
Betty Kirk West was a state legislator in Colorado. A Democrat, she represented Pueblo County, Colorado from 1955-1966 in the Colorado House of Representatives. She served three terms. She moved to Pueblo in 1937. She was married.

She was a candidate for state representative in 1954 and 1958. She ran for state senate in 1966. She was a Democrat.

She sponsored a bill to increase compensation for workers hurt on the job.

Pueblo County, Colorado
Pueblo County (/ˈpwɛbloʊ/ or  /ˈpjɛbloʊ/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 168,162. The county seat is Pueblo. The county was named for the historic city of Pueblo which took its name from the Spanish language word meaning "town" or "village". Pueblo County comprises the Pueblo, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Wildlife of Chile
The wildlife of Chile is very diverse because of the country's slender and elongated shape, which spans a wide range of latitude, and altitude, ranging from the windswept coastline of the Pacific coast on the west to northern Andes to the sub-Antarctic, high Andes mountains in the east. There are many distinct ecosystems.

Chile, often called "the spine of South America", has 100 protected areas covering a total area of 14.5 million hectares (20% of the country) in 36 national parks, 49 national reserves, and 15 national monuments. In the southern part of Chile, 50% of the flora (part of temperate rain forest called the Valdivian forests) is endemic, which is a unique feature in the world. Lapageria rosea (Chilean bellflower) is the national flower, the Andean condor, (Vultur gryphus) (NT) is the national bird, and the South Andean huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus), is the national animal of Chile. Legally, wildlife in Chile is res nullius (ownerless property).

Res nullius
Res nullius is a term of Roman law meaning "things belonging to no one"; that is, property not yet the object of rights of any specific subject. A person can assume ownership of res nullius simply by taking possession of it (occupatio). However, in ancient Rome, certain forms of res nullius could never be owned (res extra commercium) because they were considered to belong either in common to all or to the divine rather than human dominium. The use of res nullius as a legal concept continues in modern civil legal systems.

Examples of res nullius are wild animals (ferae naturae) or abandoned property (res derelictae). Finding can also be a means of occupatio (i.e. vesting ownership), since a thing completely lost or abandoned is res nullius, and therefore belonged to the first taker. Specific legislation may be made, e.g. for beachcombing.
Lukulu
Lukulu is a market town in the Western Province of Zambia, on the Zambezi River, and headquarters of a district of the same name. Access to the town is limited to only a few graded roads with traffic running through it from Kaoma town to Watopa town. Fish from the river provide most of the local diet, and some are exported to other parts of Zambia away from the river. The town has very beautiful Zambezi River water front and sandy beaches.

Export
An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is an exporter; the foreign buyer is an importer. Services that figure in international trade include financial, accounting and other professional services, tourism, education as well as intellectual property rights.

Exportation of goods often requires the involvement of customs authorities.
Lost (Gorilla Zoe song)
"Lost" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Gorilla Zoe, released October 14, 2008 as the lead single from his second studio album Don't Feed Da Animals (2009). The song leaked in May 2008 entitled "Losin' My Mind", featuring a verse from fellow American rapper Lil Wayne. It is notable that, specifically with the Lil Wayne version, both songs use the auto-tune effect. "Lost" received positive reviews from critics praising Drumma Boy's electronic production and Zoe's sincere Auto-Tune delivery of introspective lyrics. The track peaked at numbers 10 and 29 on both the Billboard Hot Rap Songs and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts respectively. It also reached number 71 on the Hot 100.

Auto-Tune
Auto-Tune is audio processor software released on September 19, 1997, by the American company Antares Audio Technologies. It uses a proprietary device to measure and correct pitch in music. It operates on different principles from the vocoder or talk box and produces different results. Auto-Tune can be used in both post-production music mixing and in real-time live performances.

Auto-Tune was initially intended to disguise or correct off-key inaccuracies, allowing vocal tracks to be perfectly tuned. Cher's 1998 song "Believe" popularized the use of Auto-Tune to deliberately distort vocals, a technique that became known as the "Cher effect". It has since been used by many artists in different genres, including Daft Punk, Radiohead, T-Pain and Kanye West. In 2018, the music critic Simon Reynolds felt that Auto-Tune had "revolutionized popular music", calling its use for effects "the fad that just wouldn't fade. Its use is now more entrenched than ever."
Mount Royal (Florida)
Mount Royal (8PU35) is a U.S. archaeological site close to where the St. Johns River exits from Lake George in Putnam County, Florida. It is located three miles (5 km) south of Welaka, in the Mount Royal Airpark, off County Road 309 on the eastern bank of the St. Johns River. The site consists of a large sand mound and several nearby middens.

The Mount Royal site was occupied beginning about 4,000 years ago. The site was largely unoccupied from 500 BCE until 750 CE. Mount Royal was occupied again after 750, and after 1050 it grew into the main town of an important chiefdom with connections to the Mississippian culture. The town lost importance after 1300, but it was still there when Europeans first entered the area in the 1560s. At that time it was part of the Timucua chiefdoms of Utina and Agua Dulce. In 1616, Enacape became the administrative center of Agua Dulce, and the Spanish established the mission of San Antonio de Enacape. The town and mission remained until after 1656.

Mississippian culture
The Mississippian culture was a collection of Native American societies that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1600 CE, varying regionally. It was known for building large, earthen platform mounds, and often other shaped mounds as well. It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages linked together by loose trading networks. The largest city was Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center, located in what is present-day southern Illinois.

The Mississippian way of life began to develop in the Mississippi River Valley (for which it is named). Cultures in the tributary Tennessee River Valley may have also begun to develop Mississippian characteristics at this point. Almost all dated Mississippian sites predate 1539–1540 (when Hernando de Soto explored the area), with notable exceptions being Natchez communities. These maintained Mississippian cultural practices into the 18th century.
Spyridium polycephalum
Spyridium polycephalum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in) and has white to cream-coloured flowers from April to November. It grows in heathlands and shrublands on coastal dunes, rocky hillsides and plains in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains and Mallee bioregions of southern Western Australia.

This spyridium was first formally described in 1858 by Nikolai Turczaninow, who gave it the name Trimalium polycephalum in the Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou from specimens collected by James Drummond. In 1995, Barbara Lynette Rye changed the name to Spyridium polycephalum in the journal Nuytsia. The specific epithet (polycephalum) means "many-headed".

Nikolai Turczaninow
Nikolai Stepanovich Turchaninov, traditionally spelled Turczaninow (Russian: Николай Степанович Турчанинов; 1796 – 7 January 1864 [O.S. 26 December 1863]) was a Russian botanist and plant collector who first identified several genera and many species of plants.
Calochortus tolmiei
Calochortus tolmiei is a North American species of flowering plant in the lily family known by the common names Tolmie's star-tulip and pussy ears. It was discovered by and named for Dr. William Fraser Tolmie.

It is native to the west coast of the United States: Washington, Oregon, and northern California as far south as Santa Cruz County. It is a common member of the flora in several types of habitat.

Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County (/ˌsæntə ˈkruːz/ ⓘ), officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,861. The county seat is Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast, south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.
Harris (train)
The Harris trains are the first steel-bodied electric multiple unit (EMU) trains to operate on the suburban railway network of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. They were introduced in 1956, by the Victorian Railways, and last operated in 1988, although a number of the carriages were converted for other uses and are still operating. They were named after Norman Charles Harris, Chairman of Commissioners of the Victorian Railways, between 1940 and 1950.

Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). However, the railways also operated up to five 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.
Mexican Federal Highway 14D
Federal Highway 14D is a toll highway in the state of Michoacán. It connects Highway 15D at Cuitzeo to 37D and Uruapan via the city of Pátzcuaro. The road is operated by Autopistas de Michoacán, which charges cars 171 pesos to travel Highway 14D from Cuitzeo to Uruapan and 478 pesos when combined with Highway 37D to Lázaro Cárdenas.

Highway 14D from Pátzcuaro southwest, along with Highway 37D, are together referred to as the Autopista Siglo XXI.

Cuitzeo
Cuitzeo (Spanish: [kwiˈtseo] ⓘ) is a municipality located in the north of the Mexican state of Michoacán. The municipal seat is the town of Cuitzeo del Porvenir  It is located in a relatively flat depression around Lake Cuitzeo, a large, very shallow lake, which is in danger of disappearing. The town was officially founded in 1550, with the founding of a large Augustinian monastery, which still stands. Today, the town is the seat of a rural municipality, providing local government to surrounding communities.
WomanSpirit
WomanSpirit (Fall 1974 - Summer 1984) was a lesbian feminist quarterly founded by Ruth and Jean Mountaingrove and produced collectively near Wolf Creek, Oregon. It was the first American lesbian/feminist periodical to be dedicated to both feminism and spirituality. Many of the contributors to WomanSpirit were, or became, well known within the women's spirituality movement. It had 40 publications, covering topics such as ecology, goddess myths and rituals, feminist theory, and divination. Its submissions included articles, photos, letters, book reviews, artwork, and songs.

Feminist theory
Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles, experiences, interests, chores, and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropology and sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, political theory, home economics, literature, education, and philosophy.

Feminist theory often focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Themes often explored in feminist theory include discrimination, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, patriarchy, stereotyping, art history and contemporary art, and aesthetics.
Benvindo António Moreira
Benvindo António Moreira (born 10 November 1989 in Bissau) is a footballer who plays for Tirsense.

Benvindo began his playing career with Boavista F.C. and moved to C.D. Aves when the club was relegated from the Liga de Honra following the 2008–09 season.

F.C. Tirsense
Futebol Clube Tirsense, commonly known as just Tirsense, is a Portuguese football club from Santo Tirso, founded on 5 January 1938. They currently play in the Divisão de Elite of AF Porto. They currently play their home games in Abel Alves de Figueiredo with a capacity of 8,000 spectators. Their current chairman is Fernando Matos and their manager is Tonau.
William Parr (explorer)
William Parr was an Australian explorer, known for his roles of mineralogist and cartographer with John Oxley, as expedition leader with Benjamin Singleton, and as trailblazer for the successful expedition by John Howe.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Tinkitam
Tinkitam is a small town in Namchi, India. The town is located 45 minutes from the district headquarters Namchi. The town is being promoted as a tourist destination. Mount Kanchenjanga is near the town.

The local area contains rare species of orchids and Paphiopedilum Faireanum and other orchids of the Cypripedioideae genus, also called "lady's slipper". Most orchids near this village are terrestrial, blooming in October and November. Nearby are the Temi Tea Gardens, the only tea estate of Sikkim. Tinkitam offers a view of a dormant volcano that one can come across during the trek from Damthang to Tendong National Park.

The economy of this town mainly concerns its cardamom plantations. Locals are mostly of Bhutia and Nepali ancestry. Nepali is the predominant language. The town has a temperate climate.

Cypripedioideae
Cypripedioideae is a subfamily of orchids commonly known as lady's slipper orchids, lady slipper orchids or slipper orchids.  Cypripedioideae includes the genera Cypripedium, Mexipedium, Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium and Selenipedium. They are characterised by the slipper-shaped pouches (modified labella) of the flowers – the pouch traps insects so they are forced to climb up past the staminode, behind which they collect or deposit pollinia, thus fertilizing the flower. There are approximately 165 species in the subfamily.
2021 Biella Challenger Indoor II – Doubles
This was the second of seven editions of the tournament in the 2021 tennis season. Luis David Martínez and David Vega Hernández were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Nathaniel Lammons and Jackson Withrow.

Hugo Nys and Tim Pütz won the title after defeating Lloyd Glasspool and Harri Heliövaara 7–6(7–4), 6–3 in the final.

Nathaniel Lammons
Nathaniel Lammons (born August 12, 1993) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP ranking of world No. 17 in doubles, achieved on 27 January 2025. He has won 10 ATP doubles titles.

A former player at Southern Methodist University, Lammons turned professional in 2016. Lammons sealed his top 100 doubles debut in July 2019, a year in which he won four doubles titles from seven doubles finals reached as he broke through on the ATP Challenger Tour. In 2022, he won his first two career ATP Tour doubles titles in San Diego and Seoul, earning him his top 50 debut. Together with partner Jackson Withrow in 2023, Lammons reached his first ATP 500 final in Acapulco and his first ATP Masters 1000 semifinal in Miami. In 2024, he made his first Grand Slam semifinal at the 2024 US Open with Withrow and reached the top 20.
Adriana Smith pregnancy case
The pregnancy of Adriana Smith, a woman from Georgia, US, was the focus of a medical ethics controversy in 2025. Following a medical emergency in February 2025, Smith was declared brain dead but continuing fetal cardiac activity was detected. According to the family, the hospital stated that ending Smith's life support would violate Georgia's abortion law. Therefore, at nine weeks gestation, Smith was kept on life support to allow sufficient fetal development for delivery; the family had no choice in the matter.

The case drew national and international media attention to restrictive laws on abortion in the US after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in a 2022 ruling. It sparked discussion regarding consent and end-of-life care. On June 13,  Smith's child, a son, was born prematurely via an emergency caesarean delivery. Smith was taken off life support four days later, on June 17.

End-of-life care
End-of-life care is health care provided in the time leading up to a person's death. End-of-life care can be provided in the hours, days, or months before a person dies and encompasses care and support for a person's mental and emotional needs, physical comfort, spiritual needs, and practical tasks.

End-of-life care is most commonly provided at home, in the hospital, or in a long-term care facility with care being provided by family members, nurses, social workers, physicians, and other support staff. Facilities may also have palliative or hospice care teams that will provide end-of-life care services.  Decisions about end-of-life care are often informed by medical, financial and ethical considerations.

In most developed countries, medical spending on people in the last twelve months of life makes up roughly 10% of total aggregate medical spending, while those in the last three years of life can cost up to 25%.