hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
COPUS
COPUS may stand for:

Julia Copus (born 1969), British poet, radio dramatist and children's writer

Committee on the Public Understanding of Science, UK organisation

Coalition on the Public Understanding of Science, US organisation

COPUS (band), a rap jazz fusion ensemble

Committee on the Public Understanding of Science
The Committee on the Public Understanding of Science or Copus was founded in 1985 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), the Royal Institution and the Royal Society. Copus came about as a result of the 'Bodmer Report' by the eminent geneticist Walter Bodmer. The aim of Copus was to interpret scientific advances and make them more accessible to non-scientists.

It played a part in developing the public understanding of science it establishing standards for communicating science and technology

The Copus Grant Schemes was set up in 1987 and the last round of grants was for 2003/4. The scheme was funded by the Office of Science and Technology and the Royal Society. 25 grants worth a total of over £750,000 were awarded in 2003/2004.

In 2000 The new Copus Council was formed to be a more inclusive partnership for science communication in the UK. In 2002 following a report commissioned by the Office of Science and Technology the Copus Council was discontinued.
Scey
The Scey (French pronunciation: [sɛ]) is a 20.4 km long river that traverses the Doubs and Haute-Saône departments in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. It rises in Marvelise and flows generally west to join the Ognon in Villersexel. Its tributaries include the Rognon.

Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône (French: [ot soːn] ⓘ; Frainc-Comtou: Hâte-Saône; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 235,313 in 2019. Its prefecture is Vesoul; its sole subprefecture is Lure.
Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger vs. Abaranger
Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger vs. Abaranger (特捜戦隊デカレンジャーVSアバレンジャー, Tokusō Sentai Dekarenjā Tai Abarenjā) is a V-Cinema superhero film released on March 21, 2005, featuring a crossover between the Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger and Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger casts and characters.

Superhero film
The superhero film is a film genre categorized by the presence of superhero characters, individuals with extraordinary abilities who are dedicated to fighting crime, saving the world, or helping the innocent. It is sometimes considered a sub-genre of the action film genre and has evolved into one of the most financially successful film genres worldwide. These films focus on superhuman abilities, advanced technology, mystical phenomena, or exceptional physical and mental skills that enable these heroes to fight for the common good or defeat a supervillain antagonist.

Superhero films typically include genre elements of romance, comedy, fantasy, and science fiction, with large instances of the superhero genre predominantly occupied and produced by American media franchises DC and Marvel, originally adaptations of their existing works of superhero comic books. Individual superhero films frequently contain a character's origin story.
Silent Models
Silent Models New York, founded in 2008, is a boutique modeling agency based in New York. Silent Models New York represents notable models Line Brems, Freja Jeppesen, Emma Stern, and Camilla Christensen.  Silent's models have appeared in editorials for Vogue Italia, Vogue Paris, 032c, French Revue de Modes, Harper's Bazaar, Vs. and others. The agency's models have also appeared in campaigns for Calvin Klein, Gucci, Prada, Miu Miu, Ralph Lauren, Tory Burch, Juicy Couture and other top designers and fashion houses.

Miu Miu
Miu Miu is an Italian high fashion women's clothing and accessory brand and a fully owned subsidiary of Prada. It is headed by Miuccia Prada and headquartered in Milan, Italy.
Silvia Onofri is its CEO.
Mik Aoki
Mik Aoki (born October 7, 1968) is a Japanese-American college baseball coach and former player, who is the current head coach at the University of Richmond. Aoki played at Davidson College for coach Jim Stoeckel. Aoki previously coached for the Columbia Lions, Boston College Eagles, Notre Dame Fighting Irish, and Morehead State Eagles.

Morehead State Eagles baseball
The Morehead State Eagles baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Morehead State University in Morehead, Kentucky, United States. The team is a member of the Ohio Valley Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. The team plays its home games at Allen Field in Morehead, Kentucky. The Eagles are led by head coach Chris Rose.
Symmetrical double-sided two-way ranging
In radio technology, symmetrical double-sided two-way ranging (SDS-TWR) is a ranging method that uses two delays that naturally occur in signal transmission to determine the range between two stations:

Signal propagation delay between two wireless devices

Processing delay of acknowledgements within a wireless device

This method is called symmetrical double-sided two-way ranging because:

It is symmetrical in that the measurements from station A to station B are a mirror-image of the measurements from station B to station A (ABA to BAB).

It is double-sided in that only two stations are used for ranging measurement –  station A and station B.

It is two-way in that a data packet (called a test packet) and an ACK packet is used.

Network packet
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; the latter is also known as the payload. Control information provides data for delivering the payload (e.g., source and destination network addresses, error detection codes, or sequencing information). Typically, control information is found in packet headers and trailers.

In packet switching, the bandwidth of the transmission medium is shared between multiple communication sessions, in contrast to circuit switching, in which circuits are preallocated for the duration of one session and data is typically transmitted as a continuous bit stream.
São Francisco Ridge
The São Francisco Ridge (Portuguese: Serra de São Francisco) is a topographic elevation in the Brazilian Highlands, situated in the south of the cities of Votorantim and Sorocaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Brazilian Highlands
The Brazilian Highlands or Brazilian Plateau (Portuguese: Planalto Brasileiro) is an extensive geographical region covering most of the eastern, southern and central portions of Brazil, in all some 4,500,000 km2 (1,930,511 sq mi) or approximately half of the country's land area. The vast majority of Brazil's population (203.062.512; 2022 census) lives in the highlands or on the narrow coastal region immediately adjacent to it.

Ancient basaltic lava flows gave birth to much of the region. However, the time of dramatic geophysical activity is long past, as there is now no seismic or volcanic activity. Erosion has also played a large part in shaping the Highlands, forming extensive sedimentary deposits and wearing down the mountains.

The Brazilian Highlands are recognized for its great diversity: within the region there are several different biomes, vastly different climatic conditions, many types of soil, and thousands of animal and plant species.
San Lorenzo, Nicaragua
San Lorenzo (Spanish pronunciation: [san loˈɾenso]) is a municipality in the Boaco Department of Nicaragua. It has a population of 28,100 (2006, est.) and an extension of 559.61 km2. The economy is based mainly on agricultural and some agropecuarian activities. The capital is the town of San Lorenzo located 91 km from Managua.

Most people in the municipality (70%) lives in rural areas. The mayor of the municipality of San Lorenzo is Leonel Leonidas Sasiga Madrigal from the Constitutionalist Liberal Party (PLC).

Municipalities of Nicaragua
The 15 departments and 2 autonomous regions of Nicaragua are divided into 153 municipalities. The formation and dissolution of municipalities is governed by the Law of Municipalities (in Spanish: Ley No.40 - Ley de Municipalidades), drafted and approved by the National Assembly on July 2. 1988.

The municipalities are responsible for planning and urban development, collection of municipal taxes, maintenance of public utilities and other services, such as parks, sewerage and public cemeteries. Whilst municipal governments may not be responsible for large highways, small roads and tracks usually come under their control. Additionally, municipal governments may issue permits for the operation of urban and intermunicipal bus services.

Other functions of municipal governments include the establishment of libraries, museums, municipal bands, zoos, the promotion of traditional and folklore festivals and various activities promoting education, culture, sports and tourism in the municipality.
Ochoco West, Oregon
Ochoco West is a census-designated place (CDP) in Crook County, Oregon, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. As of the 2020 census, Ochoco West had a population of 432.

The CDP is in northwestern Crook County, 3 miles (5 km) northeast of U.S. Route 26, 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Prineville, the county seat, and 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Madras. The community is on the west side of the valley of Lytle Creek at the western foot of the Ochoco Mountains. Lytle Creek is a south-flowing tributary of the Crooked River and part of the Deschutes River watershed.

Deschutes River
The Deschutes River (/dəˈʃuːts/ də-SHOOTS) in central Oregon is a major tributary of the Columbia River. The river provides much of the drainage on the eastern side of the Cascade Range in Oregon, gathering many of the tributaries that descend from the drier, eastern flank of the mountains. The Deschutes provided an important route to and from the Columbia for Native Americans for thousands of years, and then in the 19th century for pioneers on the Oregon Trail. The river flows mostly through rugged and arid country, and its valley provides a cultural heart for central Oregon. Today the river supplies water for irrigation and is popular in the summer for whitewater rafting and fishing.

The Deschutes flows generally north, as do several other large Oregon tributaries of the Columbia River, including the Willamette and John Day.
Kawasaki GPZ1100 B1/B2
The Kawasaki GPz1100 B1 and B2 are motorcycles that were manufactured by Kawasaki in 1981 and 1982 respectively.  Both models featured a four-cylinder, two-valve air-cooled engine design with a capacity of 1,089 cc. This engine was an evolution of the powerplant used in the previous Kz1000 series, itself descended from the Z1. In 1983 the GPz1100 was completely revamped in both cosmetic styling, suspension and updated engine. The model number changed to ZX1100A1.

Disc brake
A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc (sometimes called a [brake] rotor) to create friction. There are two basic types of brake pad friction mechanisms: abrasive friction and adherent friction.  This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted into heat, which must be dissipated to the environment. Disc brakes are found in more sophisticated automobiles and are more expensive to manufacture than a drum brake. Disc brakes are also found on a higher end bicycle.

Hydraulically actuated disc brakes are the most commonly used mechanical device for slowing motor vehicles. The principles of a disc brake apply to almost any rotating shaft. The components include the disc, master cylinder, and caliper, which contain at least one cylinder and two brake pads on both sides of the rotating disc.
Noonanwali
Noonawali, also spelt Noonanwali, is a town and union council of Gujrat District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kharian Tehsil. The village is located equidistant between Kharian and Dinga cities. The Union Council of Noonawali also contains Khunnan. Also known as the Model Village for the reforming changes it has undergone in a few years. New road projects, new sewage system, High Schools, Agriculture reform, Hospitals, SUI Gas and many other.

Noonawali is a small town-style village on Kharian Dinga Road. GT Road, which runs from Lahore to Rawalpindi, about 12 kilometers from Noonanwali. Noonanwali is a Union Council, which represents the surrounding villages.  There are Government schools for boys and girls here. Moreover, there are also private schools and Madrassah in this village.

Gujrat District
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع گجرات) is a district of Gujrat Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Gujrat District was created by the British Government in 1846. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of the Gujrat District is 3,219,375.
Goalpara East Assembly constituency
Goalpara East Assembly constituency is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly in the north east state of Assam, India. Goalpara East is also part of Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency.

Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency
Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 14 Lok Sabha constituencies in Assam state in north-eastern India. Dhubri consists of 11 assembly segments of Lower Assam, covering all of South Salmara-Mankachar District and Dhubri districts parts of Goalpara district parts of Bongaigaon district and parts of Barpeta district. With an estimated population of 5 million residents Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency has 2.6 million registered voters. Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency is the most populated constituency in the entire North-East region of India.
Chu Fujia
Chu Fujia (simplified Chinese: 储夫佳; traditional Chinese: 儲夫佳; pinyin: Chǔ Fūjia; born 10 September 1989 in Jiangsu, China) is a Chinese baseball infielder for the Jiangsu Hopestars.

He was a member of the China national baseball team competing in the 2009 World Baseball Classic, 2012 Asia Series, 2012 Asian Baseball Championship, 2013 World Baseball Classic, 2013 East Asian Games, 2014 Asian Games, 2015 Asian Baseball Championship,  2017 World Baseball Classic and 2018 Asian Games.

Baseball at the 2018 Asian Games
Baseball at the 2018 Asian Games was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 21 August to 1 September 2018. A total of ten teams, the most ever, competed in the competition at two competition venues in Jakarta: Gelora Bung Karno Baseball Field and Rawamangun Baseball Field. The baseball teams of Laos, Sri Lanka and hosts Indonesia made their Asian Games baseball debut. The top six ranked teams, along with the hosts Indonesia (ranked eighth), advanced to the main draw. The bottom three teams competed, with the winner advancing to the main draw.
Jody Paul
Jody Paul (born 25 May 1976) is a South African former field hockey player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

On 25 January 2022 Paul was appointed as the Assistant Coach to the England and Great Britain senior women's squads.

England women's national field hockey team
The England women's national field hockey team are the current Commonwealth Games champions having previously won silver 3 times. England have also won the 2006 Women's Field Hockey World Cup Qualifier and the 2002 Champions Challenge.
Cheirodendron trigynum
Cheirodendron trigynum, also known as ʻŌlapa or common cheirodendron, is a species of flowering plant in the ginseng family, Araliaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii.  It is a medium-sized tree, reaching a height of 12–15 m (39–49 ft) and a trunk diameter of 0.6 m (2.0 ft). ʻŌlapa inhabits mixed mesic and wet forests at elevations of 310–2,190 m (1,020–7,190 ft) on all main islands, where it is an abundant understory tree.

Ginseng
Ginseng (/ˈdʒɪnsɛŋ/) is the root of plants in the genus Panax, such as South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin.

Ginseng has been used in the traditional medicine of Korea and China for centuries, although there is no clinical evidence that it has any therapeutic effects. There is no substantial evidence that ginseng is effective for treating any medical condition and it has not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat or prevent a disease or to provide a health benefit. Although ginseng is sold as a dietary supplement, inconsistent manufacturing practices for supplements have led to analyses of some ginseng products contaminated with unrelated filler compounds, and its excessive use may have adverse effects or untoward interactions with prescription drugs.
Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
The Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa, also code-named "Stupa C1", is a small limestone stupa from the Chakhil-i-Ghoundi monastery, at the archeological site of Hadda in eastern Afghanistan. Most of the remains of the stupa were gathered in 1928, by the archeological mission of Frenchman Jules Barthoux of the French Archaeological Delegation in Afghanistan, and have been preserved and reconstituted through a collaboration with the Tokyo National Museum. They are today on display at the Musée Guimet in Paris. It is usually dated to the 2nd-3rd century CE.

The decoration of the stupa provides an interesting case of Greco-Buddhist art, combining Hellenistic and Indian artistic elements. The reconstitution consists of several parts, the decorated stupa base, the canopy, and various decorative elements.

Guimet Museum
The Guimet Museum (full name in French: Musée national des arts asiatiques-Guimet, MNAAG; abbr. Musée Guimet, [myze ɡimɛ]) is a Parisian art museum with one of the largest and most comprehensive collections of Asian art outside of Asia which includes items from Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, India, and Nepal, among other countries.

Founded in the late 19th century, it is located in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, at 6, Place d'Iéna. Its name literally translated into English is the National Museum of Asian Arts-Guimet, or Guimet National Museum of Asian Arts.
Purpurdalen
Purpurdalen is a valley in Andrée Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located west of Wijdefjorden. The valley is named after the colour of Devonian rocks of the surrounding mountains. The braided river Purpurelva flows through the valley. Trappers built a cabin in Purpurdalen in the 1910s.

Andrée Land (Svalbard)
Andrée Land is the land area between Wijdefjorden and Woodfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard in Arctic Norway. Limited in the south by a line from Woodfjorden through Vonbreen to Holtedahlfonna eastwards to the upper part of Abrahamsenbreen through Ruskbreen, Millarpasset, Lisbetbreen and Vestfjorddalen to Vestfjorden.

The area is named after Swedish engineer and polar explorer Salomon August Andrée.
Nicotelline
Nicotelline is an alkaloid first identified in 1914 as a chemical constituent of tobacco plants (genus Nicotiana).

The chemical structure of nicotelline wasn't elucidated until 1956, when it was determined that nicotelline is a terpyridine consisting of three linked pyridine rings.  This structure was confirmed by laboratory synthesis.  Nicotelline has the molecular formula C15H11N3.  It is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 147-148 °C.  It is soluble in hot water, chloroform, ethanol, and benzene.

Nicotelline has long been known to be a constituent of tobacco smoke.  As such, it has recently been proposed as a biomarker or environmental tracer for tobacco smoke.

Terpyridine
Terpyridine (2,2';6',2"-terpyridine, often abbreviated to Terpy or Tpy) is a heterocyclic compound derived from pyridine. It is a white solid that is soluble in most organic solvents.  The compound is mainly used as a ligand in coordination chemistry.
Hawthorne C. Gray
Hawthorne Charles Gray (February 16, 1889 – November 4, 1927) was a captain in the United States Army Air Corps. On May 4, 1927, he succeeded in setting a new altitude record in a silk, rubberized, and aluminum-coated balloon launched from Scott Field near Belleville, Illinois, reaching a human world altitude record of 42,470 ft (12.94 km). This record was not recognized by the FAI because Gray parachuted out of the balloon and did not land with his vehicle as per FAI rules. On November 4, 1927, Gray broke his own record by reaching more than 43,000 ft (13.1 km), but died during his descent after his oxygen supply became depleted. The record was recognized by the National Aeronautical Association, but not by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale because the dead aeronaut "was not in personal possession of his instruments." Gray was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his three ascents on March 9, May 4 and November 4.

Balloon
A balloon is a flexible membrane bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, or air. For special purposes, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), or light sources. Modern day balloons are made from materials such as rubber, latex, polychloroprene, or a nylon fabric, and can come in many different colors. Some early balloons were made of dried animal bladders, such as the pig bladder. Some balloons are used for decorative purposes or entertaining purposes, while others are used for practical purposes such as meteorology, medical treatment, military defense, or transportation. A balloon's properties, including its low density and low cost, have led to a wide range of applications.

The rubber balloon was invented by Michael Faraday in 1824, during experiments with various gases. He invented them for use in the lab.
Denys Lukashov
Denys Lukashov (born 30 April 1989) is a Ukrainian basketball player who previously played for Prometey of the Latvian-Estonian Basketball League. He is a member of the Ukrainian national team, where he participated at the EuroBasket 2015.

On October 31, 2024, Lukashov signed for the Kosovan club KB Peja.

Latvian–Estonian Basketball League
The Latvian-Estonian Basketball League (Latvian: Latvijas—Igaunijas Basketbola līga, Estonian: Eesti-Läti Korvpalliliiga); known as Optibet Latvian-Estonian Basketball League for sponsorship reasons, is the top-tier men's basketball league in Latvia and Estonia. The competition was introduced in 2018 and is organised by the Estonian Basketball Association and the Latvian Basketball Association.
George Basevi
Elias George Basevi FRS (1 April 1794 – 16 October 1845) was a British architect who worked in both Neoclassical and Gothic Revival styles.  A pupil of Sir John Soane, his designs included Belgrave Square in London, and the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. He was surveyor to the Guardian Assurance Company, to the Trustees of Smith's Charity and to the Thurloe estate.

John Thurloe
John Thurloe (June 1616 – 21 February 1668) was an English politician who served as secretary to the council of state in Protectorate England and spymaster for Oliver Cromwell and held the position of Postmaster General between 1655 and 1660. He was from Great Milton in Oxfordshire and of Lincoln's Inn.
Cigeľka
Cigeľka is a village and municipality in Bardejov District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia with Ruthenian and Roma inhabitants. It lies in the valley of Oľchovec below the Busov hill (1 002 meters above sea level) near the Slovakia-Poland border. There is a Greek Catholic church of Saints Cosmas and Damian in the year 1816, which served its first liturgy Presov later Bishop Paul Peter Gojdič.

Prešov Region
The Prešov Region (Slovak: Prešovský kraj, pronounced [ˈpreʂɔwskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Eperjesi kerület), also Priashiv Region (Ukrainian: Пряшівський край, romanized: Priashivskyi krai, pronounced [ˈprʲɑʃiu̯sʲkɪj ˈkrɑj]), is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions and consists of 13 districts (okresy) and 666 municipalities, 23 of which have town status. The region was established in 1996 and is the most populous of all the regions in Slovakia. Its administrative center is the city of Prešov.