hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Picard group
In mathematics, the Picard group of a ringed space X, denoted by Pic(X), is the group of isomorphism classes of invertible sheaves (or line bundles) on X, with the group operation being tensor product. This construction is a global version of the construction of the divisor class group, or ideal class group, and is much used in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds.

Alternatively, the Picard group can be defined as the sheaf cohomology group

For integral schemes the Picard group is isomorphic to the class group of Cartier divisors. For complex manifolds the exponential sheaf sequence gives basic information on the Picard group.

The name is in honour of Émile Picard's theories, in particular of divisors on algebraic surfaces.

Adequate equivalence relation
In algebraic geometry, a branch of mathematics, an adequate equivalence relation is an equivalence relation on algebraic cycles of smooth projective varieties used to obtain a well-working theory of such cycles, and in particular, well-defined intersection products. Pierre Samuel formalized the concept of an adequate equivalence relation in 1958. Since then it has become central to theory of motives. For every adequate equivalence relation, one may define the category of pure motives with respect to that relation.

Possible (and useful) adequate equivalence relations include rational, algebraic, homological and numerical equivalence. They are called "adequate" because dividing out by the equivalence relation is functorial, i.e. push-forward (with change of codimension) and pull-back of cycles is well-defined. Codimension 1 cycles modulo rational equivalence form the classical group of divisors modulo linear equivalence. All cycles modulo rational equivalence form the Chow ring.
Starowa Góra
Starowa Góra [staˈrɔva ˈɡura] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzgów, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Rzgów and 10 km (6 mi) south of the centre regional capital Łódź.

Łódź East County
Łódź East County (Polish: powiat łódzki wschodni) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Łódź, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county consists of areas to the east and south of the city, and contains three towns: Koluszki, which lies 24 km (15 mi) east of Łódź, Tuszyn, 20 km (12 mi) south of Łódź, and Rzgów, 14 km (9 mi) south of Łódź.

The county covers an area of 499.32 square kilometres (192.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 64,574, out of which the population of Koluszki is 13,407, that of Tuszyn is 7,178, that of Rzgów is 3,338, and the rural population is 40,651.

Until 2002 the county also included the areas which now form Brzeziny County.
Anat Shahar
Anat Shahar is a staff scientist and the Vice President for Research at the Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington and adjunct professor at the University of Maryland. Her work uses high-pressure, high-temperature experiments and stable isotope geochemistry to understand the formation of planets in the Solar System.

Isotope geochemistry
Isotope geochemistry is an aspect of geology based upon the study of natural variations in the relative abundances of isotopes of various elements. Variations in isotopic abundance are measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and can reveal information about the ages and origins of rock, air or water bodies, or processes of mixing between them.

Stable isotope geochemistry is largely concerned with isotopic variations arising from mass-dependent isotope fractionation, whereas radiogenic isotope geochemistry is concerned with the products of natural radioactivity.
James Mahoney (politician)
James Mahoney (1873 – 28 September 1938) was a British Catholic priest and socialist politician.

Educated at St Wilfrid's College and the English College in Rome, Mahoney became a priest in 1900.  He began ministering to a parish in Woolwich, then moved to Dartford, and finally, in 1916, to Deptford.  He joined the Labour Party, and stood successfully for it in Deptford at the 1925 London County Council election, serving until 1937.

Cotton College
Cotton College was a Roman Catholic boarding school in Cotton, Staffordshire, United Kingdom. It was also known as Saint Wilfrid's College.

The school buildings were centred on Cotton Hall, a country house used by religious communities from the 1840s until the school moved there in 1873.  
The school closed in 1987 and the site is now derelict. The school and its chapel (St Wilfrid's church) are both Grade II listed buildings.
S. Sothinathan
Sothinathan s/o Sinna Goundar (Tamil: எஸ். சோதிநாதன், romanized: Es. Cōtinātaṉ; born 4 April 1960) or known as S. Sothinathan, is a Malaysian Politician of Indian Tamil origin. He was also vice-president of the Malaysian Indian Congress, a component party of the Barisan Nasional ruling coalition. He was formerly the Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environment.

Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability
The Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability (Malay: Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Kelestarian Alam) has been Arthur Joseph Kurup since 17 December 2025. The minister is deputised by the Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability, Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh since 17 December 2025. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability.
Teallite
Teallite is a sulfide mineral of tin and lead with chemical formula: PbSnS2. It occurs in hydrothermal veins and is sometimes mined as an ore of tin. Teallite forms soft silvery grey mica-like plates and crystallizes in the orthorhombic system. The Mohs hardness is 1.5 to 2 and the specific gravity is 6.4.

Teallite was first described in 1904 from its type locality in Santa Rosa, Antequera, Bolivia. It was named for the British geologist Jethro Justinian Harris Teall (1849–1924).

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
Nandi Award for Best Special Effects
The Nandi Award for Best Special Effects, instituted in 2005, is presented by the Nandi Awards committee to the film with the best visual effects in a particular year.

The award is usually given to the special effects supervisor or the special effects company that worked for the selected film. Magadheera, Eega, and Baahubali: The Beginning are the films which won both the Nandi Award for Best Special Effects and National Film Award for Best Special Effects for that year.

National Film Award for Best Special Effects
The National Film Award for Best Special Effects was one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It was one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). At the 70th National Film Awards, the category was combined with Best Animated Film, with two categories, one for the producer and director, and the other one for visual effects supervisor, named Best AVGC Film.

The award was instituted in 1991 at 39th National Film Awards but awarded first time at 40th National Film Awards and then awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages. As of 2020, twenty six feature films have been awarded which are made in five different languages: Tamil (ten), Hindi (seven), Telugu (seven), Malayalam (two), and Kannada (one).
Khandwa Municipal Corporation
Khandwa Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Khandwa. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. Khandwa Municipal Corporation  is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

Municipal corporation (India)
A municipal corporation is a 
type of local government in India which administers an urban area having a population of one million or more. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government.

The municipal corporation carries out its function through divisions or departments. For example, water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking, Housing Board, Education Department and Electricity Department.

The 74th Amendment Act defined the formations of urban local governments and their activities.
City of Women
City of Women (Italian: La città delle donne) is a 1980 fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Federico Fellini, who co-wrote it with Bernardino Zapponi and Brunello Rondi. Amid Fellini's characteristic combination of dreamlike, outrageous, and artistic imagery, Marcello Mastroianni plays Snàporaz, a man who voyages through male and female spaces towards a confrontation with his own attitudes towards women and his wife.

Faber & Faber
Faber and Faber Limited, commonly known as Faber & Faber or simply Faber, is an independent publishing house in London. Published authors and poets include T. S. Eliot (an early Faber editor and director), W. H. Auden, C. S. Lewis, Margaret Storey, William Golding, Samuel Beckett, Philip Larkin, Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, Seamus Heaney, Paul Muldoon, Milan Kundera and Kazuo Ishiguro.

Founded in 1929, in 2006 the company was named the KPMG Publisher of the Year.

Faber and Faber Inc., formerly the American branch of the London company, was sold in 1998 to the Holtzbrinck company Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG). Faber and Faber ended the partnership with FSG in 2015 and began distributing its books directly in the United States.
Kilkieran
Cill Chiaráin (anglicized as Kilkieran) is a coastal village in the Connemara area of County Galway in Ireland. The R340 passes through Cill Chiaráin.

Cill Chiaráin lies in a Gaeltacht region (Irish-speaking area), and Coláiste Sheosaimh hosts Irish language courses within the village.

Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.
Andreas Andreadis
Andreas Andreadis (born 14 January 1982) is a Greek volleyball player. He was part of the Greece men's national volleyball team at the 2006 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Japan. In the 2024-25 season he played for Greek club OFI Heraklion in Hellenic Volleyball League.

Greek Volleyball League Cup
Greek Volleyball League Cup "Nikos Samaras" is the third domestic competition of Greek Volleyball, started in the 2011–12 season. The first League Cup was won by Foinikas Syros. Olympiacos Piraeus are the current League Cup holders. Since 2013, the competition is named Nikos Samaras after the great Greek volleyball player who died suddenly in January 2013, at the age of 43.
New Islamic Civilization
New Islamic Civilization (Persian: تمدن سازی نوین اسلامی) is a proposed concept for  establishing a new civilization, called the ultimate purpose of Iranian Government related with the Second Phase of the Revolution introduced by the Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei discussed it on several occasions including the Islamic Unity Conference.

Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran
The Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran (Persian: دفتر مقام معظم رهبری, Daftar-e Magham-e Moazzam-e Rahbari lit. Office of the Supreme Leadership Authority), also known as the House of Leadership (Persian: بیت رهبری, Beit-e Rahbari), was the official residence, bureaucratic office and principal workplace of the Supreme Leader of Iran from 1989 until it was destroyed in an airstrike on 28 February 2026.

Its structure was a mixture of traditional Beit (religious office of Marja') and bureaucracy. The institution was located in central Tehran and was run by Mohammad Mohammadi Golpayegani.
Dan Orlovsky
Daniel John Orlovsky  (born August 18, 1983) is an American football analyst for ESPN and former professional football player. He played as a quarterback for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), primarily as a backup.

Orlovsky played college football for the UConn Huskies. As a junior, his 33 passing touchdowns ranked seventh in NCAA Division I-A. He was selected by the Detroit Lions in the fifth round of the 2005 NFL draft. Orlovsky also played in the NFL for the Houston Texans, Indianapolis Colts, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Los Angeles Rams.

Junior (education year)
A junior is a person in the third year at an educational institution in the US and some other countries, usually at a secondary school or at the college and university level, but also in other forms of post-secondary educational institutions. In United States high schools, a junior is an eleventh-grade student; juniors are considered upperclassmen.
Hape people
The Hape people were a Native American tribe of the Coahuiltecan group. They lived in the region of present-day Texas until their eradication in the late 17th century. Spanish chroniclers also recorded the tribe name as Ape, Jeapa, Xape, Aba, Ara, Gaapa, Hipe, Iape, Xiapoz, or Xapoz.

The Hape diet included buffalo meat, prickly pear, roots, mesquite beans, and pecans. Enemies of the Hape included the Ocana, Pataguo, and Ervipiame.

Most Hape died in a 1688 smallpox epidemic, followed by an attack by other tribes in 1689. Some survivors remained in Mission San Juan Bautista as late as 1772.

Pecan
The pecan (/pɪˈkæn/ pih-KAN, also US: /pɪˈkɑːn, ˈpiːkæn/ pih-KAHN, PEE-kan, UK: /ˈpiːkən/ PEE-kən; Carya illinoinensis) is a species of hickory native to the Southern United States and northern Mexico in the region of the Mississippi River.

Originally native to the south-central U.S., the tree is cultivated for its seed primarily in the U.S. states of Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana and in Mexico. The seed is an edible nut used as a snack and in various recipes, such as praline candy and pecan pie. The pecan is the state nut of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Texas, and Louisiana, and is also the state tree of Texas.
Krista Kiuru
Krista Katriina Kiuru (born 5 August 1974) is a Finnish politician. She served as Minister of Housing and Communications and Minister of Education and Communications in Jyrki Katainen's and Alexander Stubb's cabinets. From 2019 to 2023, she served as the Minister of Family Affairs and Social Services in the Rinne Cabinet and the subsequent Marin Cabinet.

On 13 December 2024, in the afternoon, Kiuru was attacked in Kaisaniemi Park when an unknown man hit her in the face. Initially, it was speculated that the assault might have been politically motivated, as Kiuru was involved with contentious discussions about a hospital network reform. The police quickly apprehended a suspect, and early reports from the police indicated that the attack had been random.

Minister of Family Affairs and Social Services (Finland)
The Minister of Family Affairs and Social Services (Finnish: perhe- ja peruspalveluministeri, Swedish: familje- och omsorgsminister) is one of the Finnish Government's ministerial portfolios. The ministerial position is located, along with the Minister of Social Affairs and Health, within the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.

The Orpo Cabinet's incumbent Minister of Family Affairs and Social Services is Sanni Grahn-Laasonen of the National Coalition Party.
Hagopdjan de Deritchan
Hagopdjan de Deritchan (French: Acoljean de Ritchan, Armenian: Յակոբճան դի Տէրիչան; died 25 August 1726), born Hakobjan Arhitchanents, was an Armenian merchant who served as the first Safavid consul in Marseille from 1715 until his death. He replaced the ambassador Mohammad Reza Beg (Méhémet Riza Beg in French sources) as the principal Safavid diplomat in France during the reign of king Sultan Husayn (1694–1722).

Armenian merchantry
From antiquity, Armenian merchants have played a pivotal role in transcontinental trade across Eurasia. Positioned strategically along the vital trade route linking Europe and Asia, Armenia's geographical advantage has sustained its centrality of international trade in the economic life of Armenians until the close of the early modern period. Armenians historically served as merchants at the crossroads of Central Asia, India, China, and the Mediterranean, facing persistent attacks from various quarters vying for control over the pivotal trade routes.

Armenians established colonies in various urban centers across Europe and Asia. Simultaneously, they developed necessary infrastructure for successful involvement in long-distance trade.

In the early modern era, Armenians played a highly active and potentially dominant role in overland trade. The significance of the Armenians in long-distance trade across Asia during the 16th to the 18th centuries is a pivotal subject in trade history.
Tandem Verlag
Tandem Verlag GmbH is a German publishing company and also wholesaler and distributor of print and electronic media products. In addition to producing printed books with a focus on wholesale and discount markets, Tandem Verlag publishes and distributes products in CD-ROM and DVD formats, software and video games packages, music CDs and audiobooks.

The publishing company was founded as a limited liability company in 1994 by business-partners Herbert Ullmann and Hermann Rauers. The headquarters were originally established in Mönchengladbach, later relocating in 1998 to premises in the town of Königswinter in the Cologne region of North Rhine-Westphalia.

By 1999 Tandem Verlag was Germany's fastest-growing publisher, with DM 63.2 million (£19 million) in sales representing a year-on-year sales increase of 70%.

In 2007 Tandem Verlag recorded sales of US$16 million, and had approximately 80 employees.

Cologne (region)
Cologne is one of the five administrative districts (Regierungsbezirk) of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located in the south-west of the state and covers the hills of the Eifel as well as the Bergisches Land.

It was created on 30 April 1815, as district of the province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, when Prussia reorganised its internal administration. In 1972 the Aachen district was incorporated.
Jim Brennan
James Gerald Brennan (born 8 May 1977) is a Canadian soccer coach, analyst and former player. During his playing career, he played as a defender in Canada and England, most notably with Bristol City, Nottingham Forest, Southampton, Norwich City (where he won the 2003–04 Football League First Division) and Toronto FC.

He also earned 49 caps for the Canadian national team, was a member of the Canada side which won the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and later represented his country at the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup, the 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup and the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup. He was inducted into the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame in November 2015.

2003–04 Football League First Division
The 2003–04 Football League First Division (referred to as the Nationwide First Division for sponsorship reasons) was the twelfth and final season of the league under the First Division name, and the twelfth season under its current league division format.
Jamal Sadatian
Seyed Jamal Sadatian (born 13 September 1956) is an Iranian film producer.

Sadatian established the Iranian motion picture company BoshraFilm in 1990.

Sadatian's films include The Color Purple (2005), Fireworks Wednesday (2006), Dayere Zangi (2008), Seven minutes to Fall (2010), Shabane Rooz (2011), The Snow on the Pines (2012), At the End of 8th Street (2012), Saye Roshan (2013), Azar, Shahdokht, Parviz, & Others (2014), A Persian Melody (2015) and Just 6.5 (2019).

The Snow on the Pines
The Snow on the Pines  (Persian: برف روی کاج‌ها) is a 2012 Iranian black and white film written and directed by Iranian-American director and actor Peyman Moaadi.

The Snow on the pines is Moaadi's debut as a director. Also, it won a Crystal simorgh in the Fajr International Film Festival.
Football in Southern Italy in 1920–21
Football in Southern Italy in 1920–21 was still organized at an experimental and amatorial level.

The tournaments were organized in three regions, Tuscany, Latium and Campania. Differently from the pre-war period, six clubs advanced to a general final tournament.

Latium
Latium (/ˈleɪʃiəm/ LAY-shee-əm, US also /-ʃəm/ -⁠shəm; Latin: [ˈɫati.ũː]) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.
Camp Creek (Cuivre River tributary)
Camp Creek is a stream in Montgomery, Warren and Lincoln counties  in Missouri. It is a tributary of the West Fork of the Cuivre River.

The stream headwaters in eastern Montgomery County are at 38°50′34″N 91°16′33″W﻿ / ﻿38.84278°N 91.27583°W﻿ / 38.84278; -91.27583 and the confluence with the West Fork of the Cuivre in southwest Lincoln County is at 39°01′56″N 91°12′14″W﻿ / ﻿39.03222°N 91.20389°W﻿ / 39.03222; -91.20389. The stream passes through the northwest corner of Warren County between those points.

Camp Creek was named for the fact pioneers camped near its course.

Lincoln County, Missouri
Lincoln County is located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 59,574. Its county seat is Troy. The county was founded December 14, 1818, and named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln of the American Revolutionary War. Lincoln County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.