hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Helvella solitaria
Helvella solitaria is a species of fungus in the family Helvellaceae. It produces cup-shaped fruiting bodies with dark brown to black spore-bearing surfaces supported by ribbed, whitish stalks. First described by the Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1871, the species is distinguished by its hollow stipe with three to six blunt ribs that continue onto the cup's base and its ellipsoid-shaped spores containing a single oil droplet.

The fungus has a boreal and temperate distribution across Europe and North America, occurring in both coniferous and mixed forests from sea level to alpine elevations of about 2,400 metres (7,900 ft). It typically grows on mineral-rich soils in various habitats, including beneath shrubs, in dryas-dominated fellfields, along grassy verges, and on roadside substrates under trembling aspen.

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions, and include temperate rainforests.

These forests are richest and most distinctive in central China and eastern North America, with some other globally distinctive ecoregions in the Himalayas, Western and Central Europe, the southern coast of the Black Sea, Australasia, Southwestern South America and the Russian Far East.
Dickinson Law Review
Dickinson Law Review is the flagship law review of Penn State Dickinson Law. Founded in 1897 as The Forum, it is the fifth oldest law review in continuous print in the United States. From 1898–1899, Julia Radle, the first female student in the school's history, was the editor-in-chief of the law review. It is believed that Ms. Radle may have been the first female in the United States to serve in this capacity.

When the Dickinson Law School merged with Penn State University in 2003, the name of the periodical was changed to the Penn State Law Review. Following the separation of the Penn State Law and Penn State Dickinson Law campuses into separately-accredited law schools in 2016, the periodical was renamed Dickinson Law Review, while the Penn State Law Review was retained by Penn State Law.

Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. Depending on the country, legal system, or desired qualifications, the coursework is undertaken at undergraduate, graduate, or both levels.
Multivariate probit model
In statistics and econometrics, the multivariate probit model is a generalization of the probit model used to estimate several correlated binary outcomes jointly. For example, if it is believed that the decisions of sending at least one child to public school and that of voting in favor of a school budget are correlated (both decisions are binary), then the multivariate probit model would be appropriate for jointly predicting these two choices on an individual-specific basis. J.R. Ashford and R.R. Sowden initially proposed an approach for multivariate probit analysis. Siddhartha Chib and Edward Greenberg extended this idea and also proposed simulation-based inference methods for the multivariate probit model which simplified and generalized parameter estimation.

Siddhartha Chib
Siddhartha Chib is an econometrician, statistician, and the Harry C. Hartkopf Professor of Econometrics and Statistics at the Olin Business School at Washington University in St. Louis. His work is primarily in Bayesian statistics, econometrics, and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Chib's research spans a wide range of topics in Bayesian statistics, with influential contributions to statistical modeling, computational methods, and Bayesian model comparison techniques.
2018 Asian Games opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2018 Asian Games took place on Saturday, 18 August 2018, at the Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia. The event commenced at 19:00 Indonesia Western Time (UTC+7) and ended at 21:25 local time. Wishnutama Kusubandio (then CEO of Indonesian TV network NET.) was the creative director of the ceremony. The ceremony featured a stage designed as a 26-meter-high mountain with a waterfall. It weighed 600 tons, was 120 meters long and 30 meters wide, and included a display of Indonesian plants and flowers, as well as a mock volcano. The volcano symbolized Indonesia's location in the "Ring of Fire" surrounding the Pacific Ocean. Host event broadcasting company International Games Broadcast Services (IGBS) filmed the televised coverage of the ceremony live internationally.

MDTV
PT MDTV Media Televisi (MDTV, formerly known as NET. and Spacetoon Indonesia) is an Indonesian private television broadcaster owned by MDTV Media Technologies and Industri Mitra Media. It began trial broadcasts as NET. on 18 May 2013 and officially launched on 26 May 2013, replacing the terrestrial feed of Spacetoon Indonesia.
Tony Ongarello
Tony Ongarello (22 December 1932 – 18 July 2022) was an Australian rules footballer of Italian heritage who played with Fitzroy in the VFL from 1952 to 1960. He played most of his career at full-forward.

Ongarello is believed to be the last player in the VFL/AFL to have scored a goal from a place kick, scoring two goals from the kicks late in Fitzroy's narrow loss to Geelong in 1955 at Brunswick Street Oval. He was also the last player to attempt a place kick. Ongarello reportedly switched to the place kicks after missing several consecutive set shots from punt kicks in the game.

He appeared regularly on ABC television Australian rules football panels in Victoria in the 1960s and 1970s.

Brunswick Street Oval
Brunswick Street Oval (officially known as the WT Peterson Community Oval and formerly as the Fitzroy Cricket Ground) is an Australian rules football and cricket ground located within Edinburgh Gardens in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy North.
Hedgehog (chess)
The Hedgehog is a pawn formation in chess adopted usually by Black that can arise from several openings. Black exchanges the pawn on c5 for White's pawn on d4, and then places pawns on the squares a6, b6, d6, and e6. These pawns form a row of "spines" behind which Black develops their forces. Typically, the bishops are placed on b7 and e7, knights on d7 and f6, queen on c7, and rooks on c8 and e8 (or c8 and d8). Although Black's position is cramped, it has great latent energy, which may be released if Black is able to play ...b5 or ...d5 at some point. These pawn breaks are particularly effective because White usually places pawns on c4 and e4 (the Maróczy Bind).

Bishop (chess)
The bishop (♗, ♝) is a piece in the game of chess. It moves and captures along diagonals without jumping over interfering pieces. Each player begins the game with two bishops. The starting squares are c1 and f1 for White's bishops, and c8 and f8 for Black's bishops.
Alsophila alderwereltii
Alsophila alderwereltii, synonym Cyathea alderwereltii, is a species of tree fern endemic to Mount Sago in central Sumatra, where it is nevertheless abundant and grows in forest at an altitude of 1000–1500 m. It has an erect trunk which may be 4 m tall or more. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and 1–2 m long. The stipe of this species is spiny at the base and covered with scattered scales that are dark brown, glossy, and have a narrow paler margin. Sori are produced near the fertile pinnule midvein and are covered by small, brown scale-like indusia.

A. alderwereltii is named after Cornelis Rogier Willem Carel van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh (1863–1936), a Dutch pteridologist who worked extensively in the Sunda region.

Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes.

Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.
Aperture Foundation
Aperture Foundation is a nonprofit arts institution, founded in 1952 by Ansel Adams, Minor White, Barbara Morgan, Dorothea Lange, Nancy Newhall, Beaumont Newhall, Ernest Louie, Melton Ferris, and Dody Warren. Their vision was to create a forum for fine art photography, a new concept at the time. The first issue of the magazine Aperture was published in spring 1952 in San Francisco.

In January 2011, Chris Boot joined the organization as its director. Boot has previously been an independent photobook publisher and worked with Magnum Photos and Phaidon Press. Sarah Meister, curator of photography at the Museum of Modern Art from 2009 to 2020, was named as Boot's replacement in the Executive Director position in January 2021, starting in May 2021.

Minor White
Minor Martin White (July 9, 1908 – June 24, 1976) was an American photographer, theoretician, critic, and educator.

White made photographs of landscapes, people, and abstract subject matter. They showed technical mastery and a strong sense of light and shadow. He taught at the California School of Fine Arts, the Rochester Institute of Technology, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in his home. Some of his most compelling images are figure studies of men he taught or with whom he had relationships. He helped start the photography magazine Aperture, considered the only periodical produced for, and by, photographers practicing the medium as a fine art.  He served as its editor for many years. White was hailed as one of America's greatest photographers.
Wilfred Custance
Rear Admiral Wilfred Neville Custance CB (25 June 1884 – 13 December 1939) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy. He was the Rear Admiral Commanding HM Australian Squadron from April 1938 to September 1939.

Rear admiral (Royal Navy)
Rear admiral (RAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy. It is immediately superior to commodore and is subordinate to vice admiral. It is a two-star rank and has a NATO ranking code of OF-7.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is major-general; and in the Royal Air Force it is air vice-marshal.
Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba
The Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba (Meitei for 'Old Man and Old Woman planting Colocasia/Taro'), also known as the Hanubi Hentak! Hanuba Hentak!, is a Meitei folktale of Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). It is about the story of an old man, an old woman and some monkeys.

Wife
A wife (pl.: wives) is a woman in a marital relationship. A woman who has separated from her partner continues to be a wife until their marriage is legally dissolved with a divorce judgment; or until death, depending on the kind of marriage. On the death of her partner, a wife is referred to as a widow. The rights and obligations of a wife to her partner and her status in the community and law vary between cultures and have varied over time.
Félix Balzer
Félix Balzer (4 April 1849 – 15 March 1929) was a French physician, specialising in dermatology and pathology.

Balzer gave an early description of pseudoxanthoma elasticum in 1884. He used the term "xanthome elastique" but subsequently it was found not to be a form of xanthomatosis. Balzer is also responsible for coining the term "adénomes sébacés" (adenoma sebaceum) to describe the papular facial rash of tuberous sclerosis. Again, this term proved to be incorrect since the papules were neither adenoma nor derived from sebaceous glands.

Between 1880 and 1887, Balzer was a director of the histology laboratory in the Faculty of the hospital Saint Louis. He became a member of the Académie de Médecine in 1908. He was also president of la Société Française de Dermatologie.

Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who has undergone advanced training (typically 4 years beyond medical school) and manages diseases related to skin. Dermatological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, infections, cancers, hair loss, and cosmetic issues are common in the population, and sometimes difficult to diagnose or treat, requiring the services of a dermatologist. In addition to these routine issues, some conditions such as serious burns, angiodema, necrotizing fasciitis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. Dermatological interventions include systemic and topical medications, surgery, radiation, and physical modalities such as cryosurgery or laser therapy.
Tom Harrop Sidebottom
Thomas Harrop Sidebottom (16 April 1826 – 25 May 1908) was a British businessman and Conservative Party politician.

He was the eldest son of William Sidebottom of Etherow House, Hollingworth, Cheshire. Following education at Manchester Grammar School, he followed his father into business as a cotton spinner and manufacturer in the city. He was a director of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway and was considered an authority on bimetallism.

Sidebottom was appointed a justice of the peace for the counties of Cheshire and Derbyshire and in 1886 married Edith Murgatroyd of Didsbury.

At the 1874 general election he was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Stalybridge. He was unseated by his Liberal opponent at the ensuing election in 1880, but regained the seat in 1885. He retired from parliament at the 1900 general election.

Stalybridge (UK Parliament constituency)
Stalybridge  officially sometimes written in early years as Staleybridge was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1868 until 1918 by one MP. It comprised the borough of Stalybridge which lay in Lancashire and Cheshire and which is in the east of today's Greater Manchester.  On abolition for the 1918 general election under the Representation of the People Act 1918 the seat's main replacement became Stalybridge and Hyde.
Roman Kozak (theatre director)
Roman Yefimovich Kozak (Russian: Рома́н Ефи́мович Ко́зак; June 29, 1957 in Vinnytsia – May 28, 2010 in Moscow) was a Russian theatre actor and director. Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (2000). He was artistic director of the Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre.

Roman Kozak was married to choreographer Alla Sigalova.

Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre
The Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre is a theatre company in Moscow, Russian Federation created in 1950 on the base of Alexander Tairov's Chamber Theatre, which was founded in 1914 and shut down in 1949 for ideological reasons. The theatre is based in the Russian capital's centre, at Tverskoy Boulevard, 23.
Peder Jørgen Cloumann
Peder Jørgen Cloumann (14 April 1747 – 22 December 1817) was a Norwegian bailiff and politician.

Peder Jørgen Cloumann was born  at Strandebarm in Søndre Bergenhus, Norway where his father was the parish priest. He studied in the University of Copenhagen and achieved his Baccalaureate degree in 1763. In 1766, he went to Bratsberg county where he served as representative of the governor.

He was bailiff in Øvre Telemark from 1772 to 1811. He purchased the Moen farm in the parish of Kviteseid during 1783. He represented Bratsberg amt (now Telemark) at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll Manor in 1814 where he belonged to the union party (Unionspartiet).

Bailiff
A bailiff is a manager, overseer or custodian – a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or jurisdiction is given. There are different kinds, and their offices and scope of duties vary.

Another official sometimes referred to as a bailiff was the Vogt. In the Holy Roman Empire a similar function was performed by the Amtmann. They are mostly known for being the officer that keeps the order in a court of law and who also administers oaths to people who participate in court proceedings.
Negi Haruba
Negi Haruba (春場 ねぎ, Haruba Negi; born July 27, 1991) is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for his manga The Quintessential Quintuplets, which was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine from August 2017 to February 2020. In May 2019, he won the award for Best Shōnen Manga at the 43rd annual Kodansha Manga Awards, alongside Ōima Yoshitoki's To Your Eternity. It was the fifth best-selling manga in Japan in 2019.

According to Haruba, his pen name comes from the protagonist of Negima! Magister Negi Magi, Negi Springfield. On the award ceremony of the 43rd annual Kodansha Manga Awards, Haruba said it was "special to him" to be selected by Ken Akamatsu, who was one of the judges of the award and the creator of Negima! Magister Negi Magi.

Kodansha Manga Award
The Kodansha Manga Award (講談社漫画賞, Kōdansha Manga Shō) is one of Japan's major manga awards. The event is sponsored by publisher Kodansha. It has been awarded annually for serialized manga in its third iteration since 1977.
Wilms
Wilms is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Wilms (1947–2022), French actor

Dorothee Wilms (born 1929), German politician

Friedrich Wilms (1848–1919), German botanist

Johann Wilhelm Wilms (1772–1847), Dutch-German composer

Max Wilms (1867–1918), German pathologist and surgeon
Wilms' tumor, a rare tumor, most common in children, named after Max Wilms

Dorothee Wilms
Dorothee Wilms (October 11, 1929 in Grevenbroich) is a German politician.

From 1982 to 1987 she was the Federal Minister for Education and Science and from 1987 to 1991 the Federal Minister for Inner-German relations.
1969–70 City Cup
The 1969–70 City Cup was the 65th edition of the City Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

The tournament was won by Glentoran for the 13th time after they defeated Bangor 7–1 in the final at Windsor Park.

For the first time in its history, the City Cup was not run as a league table with all clubs playing each other once - the 12 clubs were split into two sections with the two section winners playing each other in the final.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Rail transport in Nicaragua
As of 2012, there is no rail transport in Nicaragua.  All traffic has been suspended since September 2001, ending several decades of a steady decline.  In the past, there were 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge railroads on the Pacific coast, connecting major cities.  A private 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line also formerly operated on the Atlantic coast.

3 ft 6 in gauge railways
Railways with a track gauge of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways. The first intercity passenger railway to use the 3 ft 6 in gauge was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl. From the mid-nineteenth century, the gauge became widespread in the British Empire. In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, even though it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia.

There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways.
Mazı Underground City
Mazı Underground City is an ancient underground settlement in Cappadocia in central Turkey. It is located 18 kilometers from Ürgüp and 10 kilometers east from the Kaymaklı Underground City. The city is one of many subterranean cities in Cappadocia including Özkonak, Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı.

Derinkuyu
Derinkuyu ("deep well") (Cappadocian Greek: Μαλακοπή; Latin: Malacopia) is a town in Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Derinkuyu District. Its population is 10,912 (2022). The elevation is 1,333 m (4,373 ft).
HMS E16
HMS E16 was an E-class submarine built by Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness for the Royal Navy. She was laid down on 15 May 1913 and was commissioned on 27 February 1915. Her hull cost £105,700. E16 was the first E-class to sink a U-boat, U-6, sunk 4 miles (6.4 km) south-west of Karmøy island off Stavanger, Norway on 15 September 1915. E16 was sunk by a mine in Heligoland Bight on 22 August 1916. There were no survivors.

Vickers
Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in 1867, acquired more businesses, and began branching out into military hardware and shipbuilding.

In 1911, the company expanded into aircraft manufacture and opened a flying school. They expanded even further into electrical and railway manufacturing, and in 1928 acquired an interest in the Supermarine.

Beginning in the 1960s, various parts of the company were nationalised, and in 1999 the rest of the company was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc, which sold the defence arm to Alvis plc. The Vickers name lived on in Alvis Vickers, until the latter was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 to form BAE Systems Land Systems.
Xian Yi Fang
Xian Yi Fang (born 20 August 1977) is a female Chinese-born table tennis player who has represented France since 2005.

She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, reaching the second round of the singles competition.  She also competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and reaching the third round of the singles competition.

She was born in Baoding.

Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles
The women's singles table tennis event was a part of the table tennis programme at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The event took place from Saturday 28 July to Wednesday 1 August 2012 at ExCeL London. The tournament was a single elimination tournament with a third place playoff played between the two losing semi-finalists.

The draw was conducted on 25 July 2012.
Farmdale, Ohio
Farmdale is an unincorporated community in southwestern Kinsman Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 44417.

The community is part of the Youngstown–Warren–Boardman, OH–PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Mahoning Valley
The Youngstown–Warren, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, typically known as the Mahoning Valley, is a metropolitan area in Northeast Ohio with Youngstown, Ohio, at its center. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes Mahoning and Trumbull counties. As of the 2020 census, the region had a population of 430,591, making it the 125th-largest metro area in the country.

Taking its name from the Mahoning River, the area has a large commuter population that works in Cleveland and Pittsburgh and their metropolitan areas. It is located in the Rust Belt, the former industrial region of the northern United States. The Youngstown–Warren–Salem combined statistical area adds the Salem micropolitan area and Columbiana County, Ohio to the region, increasing the total population to 532,468. The Youngstown–Warren media market serves all three counties in the CSA, as well as the Pennsylvania counties of Mercer and Lawrence.